9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) - ERDF - ESF - EAGGF - FIFG
Date: 1998-10-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU regional policy, Structural Funds, activity report, economic and social cohesion, implementation of the budget

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels, 30.10.1998 

COM(1998) 562  final 

9th ANNUAL  REPORT 
of the  STRUCTURAL  FUNDS 

1997 

3 

^ 

(Presented by the Commission) 

This report has been prepared by the Directorate-General  for Regional Policy and Cohesion (DG 
XVI) in collaboration  with the Directorates-General  for  Employment,  Industrial  Relations and 
Social  Affairs  (DG  V), Agriculture  (DG VI)  and  Fisheries  (DG  XIV)  and  with  contributions 
from  the Secretariat-General  and the Directorates-General  for  Competition  (DG IV), Transport 
(DG VII), Environment,  Nuclear  Safety  and  Civil  Protection  (DG XI),  Science, Research and 
Development  (DG XII), Telecommunciations, Information  market and Exploitation  of Research 
(DG XIII), Internal Market and Financial  Services (DG XV), Energy (DG XVII), Budgets (DG 
XIX)  Financial  Control  (DG  XX)  and  Enterprise  Policy,  Distributive  Trades,  Tourism  and 
Cooperatives (DG XXIII). 

91" Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

A.  General summary 

B. 

A report focusing on assistance to small firms 

CHAPTER  1:  MAJOR  EVENTS  OF  1997 

1.1. 

Initial guidelines for further economic and social cohesion 
1.1.1. The European  Cohesion forum 
1.1.2. Guidelines  set out in "Agenda 2000" 

1.2.  Changes in fund  financing  approach 

1.2.1. Priority to employment  in new Objective  2 programmes (1997-99) 
1.2.2. Priorities for mid-term review of Fund programmes  (other than Objective  2) 
1.2.3. Implementation  of territorial employment pacts 
1.2.4. The SEM 2000 initiative: improving management  and control of the Funds 

1.3.  Development of thematic priorities for cohesion 

1.3.1. The challenge of the information  society (COM(97) 7) 
1.3.2. Towards an urban agenda in the European  Union (COM(97)  197) 
1.3.3. Symposium on the "LEADER" initiative for rural development 
1.3.4. Regional policy and competition policy 
1.3.5. Competitiveness, R&TD and innovation 

CHAPTER  2:  IMPLEMENTATION  OF PROGRAMMING  IN  THE  MEMBER 
STATES 

2.1.  General  presentation  by objective 

2.1.1.  The adoption of new programmes in  1997 
2.1.2.  General overview of implementation 
2.1.3.  Implementation  of Objectives  1 (regions whose development  is lagging behind) and 6 

(thinly populated regions) 

2.1.4.  Implementation  of Objective 2 (areas undergoing industrial conversion) 
2.1.5. Implementation  of Objectives  3 and 4 (human resources and the labour market) 
2.1.6.  Implementation  of Objective  5(a) (structural adjustment  in agriculture and fisheries) 
2.1.7.  Implementation  of Objective 5(b) (structural  adjustment  of rural areas) 
2.1.8.  Implementation  of the Community  Initiatives 
2.1.9. Innovative measures and technical assistance 

2.2.  Country  by country survey 

2.2.1.  BELGIUM 

; 

1.  The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community Initiatives 

2.2.2.  DENMARK 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community Initiatives 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds H 997) 

2.2.3.  GERMANY 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.4.  GREECE 

1.  The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.5.  SPAIN 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community Initiatives 

2.2.6. FRANCE 

.. 
1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.7.  IRELAND 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.8.  ITALY 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.9.  LUXEMBOURG 

1.  The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  The Community  Initiatives 

2.2.10. NETHERLANDS 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.11. AUSTRIA 

1.  The major  achievements of the Fund by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.12. PORTUGAL 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.13. FINLAND 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

2.2.14. SWEDEN 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 
2.2.15. UNITED KINGDOM 

1.  The major  achievements of the Funds by Objective 
2.  Community  Initiatives 

CHAPTER  3:  EVALUATION  AND  ANALYSIS  OF THE  IMPACT  OF  THE 
STRUCTURAL  FUNDS 

3.1. 

Interim  evaluations 

3.2.  Thematic and  horizontal evaluations 

3.3.  Evaluating  the impact on employment 

3.4.  The methodological  aspects of evaluation 

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V'Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

CHAPTER 4:  BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION,  FINANCIAL CHECKS AND 
VERIFICATION  OF ADDITIONALLY 

4.1.  Implementation of the funds in 1997 - all programming periods 

119 

121 

4.2.  On-the-spot checks carried out by the Funds, financial control and the anti-fraud unit 

125 

4.3.  The verification of additionally 

128 

CHAPTER 5:  COORDINATION  WITH OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

129 

5.1.  Cohesion Fund 

5.2.  The European Investment Bank 

5.3.  The European Investment Fund 

5.4.  The European Coal and Steel  Community 

5.5.  The Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area 

5.6.  Education and training programmes 

5.7.  Community Funding on trans-European Networks 

CHAPTER 6:  COMPATIBILITY  AND COMPLEMENTARITY  WITH THE 

OTHER COMMUNITY POLICIES 

6.1.  The Structural Funds, employment and social policy 

6.2.  The Structural Funds and the environment 
6.3.  Contribution of the Structural Funds to promoting equal opportunities for men and 

women 

6.4 

The Structural Funds and research and technological development (RTD) 

6.5 

The Structural Funds and the trans-European networks (TENs) 

6.6 

The Structural Funds and tourism 

6.7 

The Structural Funds and culture 

6.8 

6.9 

The Structural Funds and competition policy 

The Structural Funds and the transparency of public procurement 

6.10.  The Structural Funds, the common agricultural policy (CAP) and the common fisheries 

policy 

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9"" Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

CHAPTER 7:  INTERINSTITUTIONAL  DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE WITH THE 
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PARTNERS, INFORMATION  AND 
COMMUNICATION 

7.1.  Interinstitutional Dialogue 

, 

7.1.1. Dialogue with the European Parliament 
7.1.2. Opinions of the Structural Fund Committees 
7.1.3. Dialogue with the Economic and Social Committee 
7.1.4. Dialogue with the Committee of the Regions 

7.2.  Dialogue with the economic and social partners 

7.3.  Information and communication, exchange of experience 

ANNEXES 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

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159 

209 

INTRODUCTION 

9" Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

A. 

GENERAL SUMMARY 

This Report is compiled in accordance with Article  16 of Regulation  (EEC) No 2052/88 as amended 
and the detailed provisions of Article 31 of Regulation (EEC) No 4253/88 as amended. It presents the 
application  in  1997  of  the  Structural  Funds  regulations,  particularly  the  implementation  of  their 
Objectives  (Objectives  1 to 6). The report  is  structured  in  accordance  with  the requirements  of the 
Regulations,  but  also  contains  some  changes.  The  innovation  introduced  in  the  Seventh  Annual 
Report (1995) of dealing with a horizontal  subject  throughout  the report has been retained, the topic 
chosen this year being support for small firms. An attempt has been made to reduce the length of the 
Report  substantially  to  improve  its  readability  after  several  years  during  which  the  amount  of 
information  presented  had continued  to increase. Instead  of presenting exhaustive information,  as in 
previous years, this report concentrates on the main features of the year. However, details of financial 
implementation are still given in full and are to be found in the annexes. In addition to the information 
required  by the  Regulations,  Chapter  1 devotes  some  ten  pages  to the  major  events  of  1997, with 
particular regard to preparing the future of the policy to promote economic and social cohesion. 

1997 

Work during this year in the field  of economic and social cohesion and the Structural  Funds may be 
summed up under four main headings: 

L 

The full  implementation of programming 

1997 saw the  start  of the second  part  of  the current  programming  period  and the third  full  year of 
activity by the Funds in that period. 

Virtually  all the programmes are now under  way, the exceptions  being the Spanish programmes for 
Objective 2 (1997-99) and the Italian programmes for Objective  1, which should be adopted early in 
1998.  In terms  of  new  programmes  adopted,  the  main  feature  of  the  year  was the  adoption  of the 
Objective  2 programmes for  1997-99. At the same time, the closure of the Objective  2 programmes 
for  1994-96 resulted in the transfer of ECU 848 million in unused appropriations to the current period, 
1997-99. 

The  last  13  Community  Initiative  programmes  under  the  1994  initial  allocation  were  adopted. 
Following the allocation of the reserve during  1996, it proved possible to adopt new programmes and 
transnational cooperation programmes (Interreg II C) during the year. This means that in 1997, for the 
first time, all the Community Initiatives were actually being implemented. 

By the end of the year, assistance from the Funds was being implemented through  1  026 programmes 
(580 for the various Objectives and 446 for the Community Initiatives). 

2. 

Intense financial activity 

One of the main features of the year was retrieving the backlog in implementing appropriations at the 
beginning of the period. Overall, the implementation of programmes now appears to be satisfactory. 

However, the situation with regard to programmes under the Objectives (CSF and SPD) differs  from 
that concerning the Community Initiatives. 

Implementation of CSFs and SPDs speeded up considerably during the year. By 31 December 62% of 
total assistance for the period (1994-99) had been committed and 46% paid. Taking 1997 alone, about 
99% of the commitments available had been committed  and, for  the first  time in this period, all the 
payment  appropriations  were  used.  For  example,  the  implementation  of  appropriations  under 
Objective  1, which accounts for  68% of the total  available to the Funds in this period, was fully  in 
line  with  initial  forecasts  (the  financial  perspective  adopted  in Edinburgh  for  1994-99). This  clear 
improvement  in the implementation  of appropriations  also applies to Objectives  3, 4 and  5(b) while 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

progress  elsewhere  was  less  spectacular.  All  the  Funds  committed  all  their  available  appropriations 
apart  from  the  FIFG  (75%),  where  under-implementation  was  mainly  the  result  of  problems  in 
restructuring  the  fishing  fleet  in  some  of  the  Member  States  which  were  the  main  beneficiaries. 
However,  this  had  little  impact  on  overall  implementation  since  the  FIFG  manages  only  2% of  total 
funding. 

It should  be noted  that the Member States where rates of  implementation  were highest  were  generally 
the  least  prosperous,  and  also the  main  beneficiaries,  principally  under  Objective  1: Spain,  Portugal 
and  Ireland.  Commitments  and  payments  in  those  Member  States  are  ahead  of  initial  programming. 
Greece, the fourth  "cohesion  country", joined  the  leading  group  in the first  half  of  1998. While  some 
countries  regrettably  lagged  behind  at  the  end  of  1997  (Italy  for  Objectives  1 and  5(b), France  and 
Belgium  for  Objective  1), the  situation  improved  during  the  year  and  during  the  first  half  of  1998 
most  of  these  shortcomings  have  been  made  up, particularly  in  the  case  of  Italy,  where  the  backlog 
was greatest. 

The  position  with regard  to the Community  Initiatives  is quite different.  By the end  of  1997, 56% of 
the  total  assistance  available  for  the  13 Community  Initiatives  in  1994-99  had  been  committed  and 
only  31%  paid.  Taking  1997  alone,  only  61% of  available  appropriations  had  been  committed  and 
90% paid. 

In many cases, these  delays in implementation  result  from  the  late  adoption  of programmes  (many of 
which  were adopted  in  1996 and  1997 following  the allocation  of the reserve) or to particular  features 
of  the  implementation  of certain  Initiatives,  such  as the  partnership  in  Urban  and  Interreg  II and  the 
very special  and innovative measures in the SMEs Initiative. 

To  speed  up  implementation  of  the  Community  Initiatives,  the  Commission  discussed  with  the 
Member  States  how  they could  redistribute  their  financial  resources, either  between  measures  in  the 
same  programme  or between  the programmes  under  a  single  Initiative.  These  negotiations  should  be 
concluded  in  1998 and could result in the reallocation  of resources among Initiatives. 

3. 

Further consideration  of the priorities  for  finance 

When  it  was  adopting  and  implementing  the  programmes  in  1997, the  Commission  sought  to give a 
fresh  boost  to some of its measures and priorities. The absolute priority of maintaining and  promoting 
employment  was  the  yardstick  for  designing  the  new  Objective  2  programmes  for  1997-99.  At  the 
same time, implementation  on the spot of the 89 territorial  employment  pacts will extend  Community 
action  for  job-creation  at  local  level.  The  mid-term  review  of  the  Funds'  programmes  (other  than 
Objective  2) will enable  any adjustments  required  to speed  up the completion  of certain  programmes 
experiencing difficulties  in implementation  to be carried  out. 

As part of the SEM 2000 exercise  (sound and efficient management),  during the year the  Commission 
took  three  decisions  to  improve  the  management  and  supervisions  of  the  use  made  of  the  Structural 
Funds:  22  datasheets  were  drawn  up  setting  out  a  number  of  categories  of  expenditure  eligible  for 
part-financing  from  the  Funds,  a  Regulation  was  adopted  on  the  financial  control  standards  to  be 
observed  by  the  Member  States  and  internal  guidelines  set  out  the  conditions  under  which  the 
Commission  may apply net financial  corrections to the Member States. 

Alongside  these  horizontal  priorities,  attention  was  paid  to  the  development  of  certain  thematic 
priorities:  assistance  from  the  Funds  for  the  information  society  (including  through  pilot  projects 
RISI-Regional  Information  Society  Initiatives);  the  future  of  urban  development,  rural  development, 
the  interaction  between  regional  policy  and  competition  policy  and  the  links  between  the 
competitiveness  of the European economy  and RTD and  innovation.  All these reflections  clarified  the 
issues involved and usually resulted  in practical  solutions which should be better taken  into account in 
the Funds'  programming  in future. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

4. 

An outline of the future 

1997 was the first  year of preparation for the future  of the policy on economic  and social cohesion. 
Work on preparations for the period after  2000 began with the European forum  on cohesion in April 
and took shape in "Agenda 2000", adopted in July, which set out the financial  perspective for 2000 to 
2006 and laid down the priorities which Community policies were to follow. As regards the structural 
policies,  Agenda  2000  laid  down  the  financial  package  required  with  a  view  to  the  accession  of 
certain  central  European  countries  while maintaining the principle  of financial  solidarity. It also set 
out the bases for greater geographical and financial  concentration of the Funds and a reduction in the 
number of  Objectives  from  seven to three to simplify  programme  implementation  and  so make the 
work of the Funds more effective. 

To implement Agenda 2000, the Commission prepared proposals for regulations to govern the work 
of  the Structural  and  Cohesion  Funds for  2000-06. It presented  these proposals  in March  1998 and 
they  will  be  the  subject  of  negotiations  between  the  Member  States  and  the  Commission  in 
association with the other Community Institutions during  1998 (and probably part of  1999), resulting 
in new Regulations for the Funds to apply from  1 January 2000. 

B. 

A REPORT FOCUSING ON ASSISTANCE TO SMALL FIRMS 

The two previous annual reports concentrated  on the environmental  aspect of assistance  (1995) and 
support for  the technological  development  of the regions  (1996); this Report  continues the tradition 
by focusing on ways in which assistance from the Structural Funds helps small firms. This subject has 
been chosen  in response  to Parliament's  requests for  more  information  on  measures  for  such  firms 
implemented by the Structural Funds. The variety of such measures means that it will recur in a large 
number of chapters where it will appear in separate boxes. 

There is now broad recognition  within the Union of the role of small firms  (SMEs) as indicators of 
employment, growth and competitiveness. Over 99% of the 18.5 million firms in the Union as a whole 
are small  ones. They account  for  66% of the labour force  in private employment  and 60% of total 
turnover. Hence their development is of crucial importance for increasing employment in Europe and 
promoting a higher level of economic and social cohesion within the Union. A study by the European 
observatory of small firms shows that it is there that the greatest potential for growth and the creation 
of new jobs is to be found. 

In recent  years, and  in  1997 in particular,  European  Councils  have frequently  stressed  the need to 
devote  greater  attention  to small  firms.  In June  1997, the  Amsterdam  European  Council  adopted a 
resolution  on  growth  and employment  and  asked  the European  Investment  Bank and  the European 
Investment Fund, among others, to set up a mechanism to finance  high technology projects  in small 
firms.  This  was  done  in  November  1997  when  a  European  mechanism  for  technologies  was 
established.  The  Amsterdam  European  Council  also  asked  for  the  tax  burden  on  business  to  be 
reduced  and  set  up a task  force  called  BEST to look  at  how  to  simplify  and  improve  the business 
environment. This task force reported to the Commission on 7 May 1998. The extraordinary European 
Council  on  employment,  which  met  in  Luxembourg  in  November,  acknowledged  that  the 
entrepreneurial  spirit  was the basis of employment  policies  in the Member  States. To give concrete 
form  to  this  priority,  the  Commission  adopted  a  communication  "Fostering  entrepreneurship  in 
Europe: priorities for  the future."1  The Council also asked  the Commission  to present proposals for 
measures  to  provide  financial  assistance  to  support  innovative  and  job-creating  small  firms.  The 
Commission  did  so in January  19982 and the Council  adopted  the proposals  in April. This political 
concern  was  also expressed  by the establishment  of a group on  small  firms  and  the entrepreneurial 

1  COM(98) 222 of 7 April 1998. 
2  COM(98) 26 of  21 January  1998: 'The  growth and employment  initiative" (OJ L  155, 29.5.1998, p.43), 
including the risk capital facility, the establishment of Joint European Ventures (JEVs) and a guarantee facility. 

10 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

spirit  comprising  the  nine  relevant  Members  of  the  Commission  to identify  what  can  be  done  at  the 
political  level,  principally  to  provide  small  firms  with  better  access  to  Community  programmes.  It 
began work early in 1998. 

To present  an  overview  of  what  the Union  is doing for  small  firms,  in  1997 the Commission  adopted 
the  fourth  report  on  the  coordination  of  work  for  small  firms  and  craft  industries,3  which  covers 
improvements to the business environment and measures to support these  firms. 

Against  a  background  of  strenuous  efforts  to  promote  employment,  the  Structural  Funds  have  for  a 
number  of  years  played  a  significant  role  in  supporting  the  establishment  and  development  of  small 
firms. Through  their  contribution  to promoting  economic  and social  cohesion,  these firms  are  usually 
regarded  as a priority target for most programmes, which often  include measures  specifically  intended 
to assist them. 

During the current  programming  period  1994-99, between  15% and  20% of the  total  resources  of  the 
Funds  will  be  specifically  earmarked  for  measures  to  stimulate  small  firms  and  improve  their 
productive  facilities  and  economic  environment  (particularly  in  the  regions  whose  development  is 
lagging  behind,  areas  undergoing  industrial  conversion,  rural  areas  and  very  thinly  populated  areas). 
The  total  amount  involved  is  between  ECU  23  and  30  billion.  In  the  three  new  Member  States 
(Austria,  Sweden  and  Finland),  the  effort  devoted  to  small  firms  is  even  greater  (30%  to  40%  of 
Community  assistance).  It  should  also  be  noted  that  most  of  the  other  measures  in  the  programmes 
also help small  firms  even  if they are not directly  targeted. 

Finance  from  the  Structural  Funds  is provided  through  a wide  variety  of  measures  aimed  directly  at 
small firms. The main ones are: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

aid for capital  investment  through direct  grants or financial  engineering  measures  (venture  capital 
fund  or start-up capital, leasing, etc.); 

part-financing  business start-up areas; 

training,  including  management  training  (e.g.  under  Objective  4  small  firms  receive  aid  to 
improve  staff  qualifications;  the  Adapt  Community  Initiative  finances  training  to  prepare  small 
firms  for the impact of industrial change, etc.); 

advisory and information  services (to set up firms, management, marketing, exports or the  transfer 
of  technologies,  direct  support  for  the  establishment  of  service  centres  such  as  Business 
Innovation  Centres (BICs); 

•  measures  to  promote  R&TD  {inter alia  through  pilot  projects  under  RIS  -  Regional  Innovation 

Strategies - and RITTS - Regional Transfer  of Technology  Strategies); 

•  measures relating to the information  society; 

• 

assistance  for  internationalisation  through  innovative  measures  such  as Europartenariat  or  Recite 
II which  are  intended  to promote  transnational  commercial  cooperation  among  small  firms  or the 
SMEs Community  Initiative. 

To enlarge still further  the role of small firms  in the programmes now under way, on 30 May  1997 the 
Commission  presented  "Priorities  for  the  adjustment  of  Structural  Funds  programmes  to  the  end  of 
1999"4 for  Objectives  1 (regions  whose development  is lagging behind) and  6 (thinly  populated  areas 
of  Sweden  and  Finland),  which  should  enable  the  resources  available  in  existing  programmes  to  be 

3  COM(97) 610 of 25 November 1997. 
4  C(97) 1381 of 5 May 1997. 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

U 

-\2 

used to support small firms and initiatives for local  development and employment.  It is now up to the 
Member States and regions to use these resources to exploit the potential of small firms to create jobs. 
In the  case  of  the  programmes  for  1997-99  under  the  new  Objective  2  (areas  undergoing  industrial 
conversion),  in November  1997  the Commission  adopted  a separate communication  which  describes 
how the new programming period has taken account of the job-creation priority.5 This communication 
stresses the key.role of small firms in creating jobs. 

It  can  be  seen  that  Structural  Funds  are  gradually  developing  a  priority  for  small  firms  which  is 
reflected  in the greater financial  resources provided by the most recent programming documents. 

Along  the  same  lines  and  in  order  to  provide  more  information  about  the  measures  being  part-
financed  and  their  real  economic  impact  on  small  firms,  in  July  1997  the  Commission  began  a 
thematic  evaluation  of  the impact  of  Structural  Funds  on  SMEs6  which  covers  the  whole  of current 
programming,  including  the  Community  Initiatives.  This  assessment  should  provide  a  response  to 
certain comments on the Structural Funds and small  firms  made by the Court of Auditors in its  1997 
Annual  Report (on the year  1996). The results of this assessment are expected to be available by the 
end of  1998 and they will be sent to the budgetary authority. 

5  COM(97) 524  final. 
6  OJ S  133, 12.7.1997. 

CHAPTER 1: 
CHAPTER 1: 

MAJOR EVENTS OF 1997 
MAJOR EVENTS OF 1997 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

IS 

1.1. 

INITIAL GUIDELINES FOR FURTHER ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COHESION 

1.1.1.  THE EUROPEAN  COHESION FORUM 

On 28, 29 and 30 April  1997, on the initiative of Monika Wulf-Mathies, Member of the Commission 
in charge of regional policy and cohesion, the Commission  organised  a forum in Brussels  following 
the adoption  in  1996 of the First Report on economic and social cohesion  (COM(96) 542 final of 6 
November  1996). The lessons of that report were presented  in detail  in the 8th annual report on the 
Structural  Funds, published  in  1997  (narrower  disparities  in  per  capita  incomes  between  Member 
States, but persistent disparities between regions, not only  in terms of per capita  incomes, but also, 
and especially, of unemployment; more widespread social exclusion and poverty). 

The  forum  on  cohesion  attracted  over  1 200  people  with  responsibility  for  economic  and  social 
cohesion  throughout  the  Union,  and  the  Presidents  and  senior  representatives  of  all  the European 
Institutions. 

On the future reform of the Structural Funds, planned for the forthcoming programming period (2000-
06),  some  speakers  proposed  reducing  the  number  of  Objectives  so  as  to  simplify  procedures, 
concentrate  aid  and  reduce  the  number  of  programmes  implemented,  in  particular  for  Community 
Initiatives. 

Discussions at the forum also confirmed  the need to monitor the impact of Community aid. Objective 
criteria  should  be fixed to  measure  the  efficiency  of  expenditure.  Aid  from  the  Structural  Funds 
should  be  seen  less  as  a  right  than  as  an  incentive  to  launch  effective  programmes.  As  progress 
towards economic and monetary union makes for tighter budget constraints everywhere, more varied 
means of support need to be considered, such as combining aid with loans, subsidising interest rates, 
providing loan guarantees, and other innovative financing arrangements. 

In  their  closing  speeches,  the  Members  of  the  Commission  responsible  for  cohesion  policy 
summarised  the main conclusions of the forum:  structural change is gaining momentum, not only in 
the regions where development  is lagging behind, but also in  industrial  regions and rural  and urban 
areas. This means that the European Union must make a sustained effort  in favour  of economic and 
social  cohesion.  The  regions  need  support  to  diversify  their  economic  fabric  and  increase  their 
innovation  capacity,  for  example  by  developing  information  technologies  and  RTD  activities.  It is 
essential for the Structural Funds to give more solid support to acquisition of knowledge and life-long 
learning, and for them to stimulate employment and competitiveness in all possible ways. 

1.1.2.  GUIDELINES SET OUT IN "AGENDA 2000"* 

The  background  to  the  "Agenda  2000"  communication  has  three  features:  the  accession  to  the 
European  Union  of the countries  of  central  and  eastern  Europe, the establishment  of economic and 
monetary union, and the reform  of the main Community policies, including cohesion  policy and the 
common agricultural policy (both of which have a rural policy component). Agenda 2000 lays down 
the financial perspective for the first years of the coming millennium and defines the priorities which 
Community policies must promote. 

In  the field of  structural  policies,  Agenda  2000  was  drawn  up  in  the  wake of  the First  Report on 
economic and social cohesion policy, and the cohesion forum (see above). 

COM(97) 2000 (volumes 1, 2 and 3) of 15 July 1997. 

16 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

The proposed  financial  package for  structural  policies  for  the  period  from  2000 to 2006 was set at 
ECU 286.3 billion (1999 prices), and comprises three components: 

•  ECU 218.4 billion for the Structural Funds intended for the present fifteen  Member States; 

•  ECU 21.0 billion for the Cohesion Fund for the present Member States; 

•  ECU  46.9  billion  for  the  applicant  countries  (ECU 7.3  billion  in  the  pre-accession  period  and 

ECU 39.6 billion for support after accession). 

The basic  principle  of cohesion  policy,  i.e. financial  solidarity,  is of  course  maintained.  The likely 
accession of new countries with very divergent  levels of development  makes it more necessary than 
ever. The Commission therefore proposes to maintain the financial  effort  at the level to be attained in 
1999, equivalent to 0.46% of the Union's GNP. 

Agenda  2000  also  fixes  the  principles  that  will  enhance  the  efficiency  of  cohesion  policy:  in 
particular,  financing  will  be further  concentrated  in  smaller  regions  or  areas  in  order  to ensure an 
adequate  leverage  effect.  This  greater concentration  is  necessary  in  view  of  the  budget  constraints 
(present  and  future)  on  the  Member  States,  which  will  prevent  them  intensifying  their  effort  as a 
percentage of GNP (0.46% in 1999). 

Greater efficiency  will also be sought through simplifying  implementation, in particular a reduction in 
the number of Objectives from the present seven to only three. 

•  The new Objective  1  is identical to the present Objective  1, and the eligibility criteria for regions 
will be strictly applied. The most remote regions, and those at present eligible under Objective 6, 
will be automatically covered by the new Objective  1, which will remain as the priority Objective, 
with about two thirds of Structural Fund financing.  Development  in the regions covered will be 
supported by all four Structural Funds. 

•  The new Objective  2 will  concern regions  undergoing  socio-economic  conversion  facing  major 
unemployment (i.e. declining industrial areas, fragile rural areas, areas dependent on fisheries and 
urban areas in difficulties).  The population covered by the new Objective 2 in the period 2000-06 
should not exceed  18%, and the areas covered  should broadly  coincide  with those in receipt of 
regional  State  aid  under  Article  92(3)(c)  of  the  Treaty.  Conversion  in  these  areas  will  be 
supported  by  three  Structural  Funds  (the  ERDF, the  ESF  and  the  FIFG),  and  by  the EAGGF 
Guarantee Section. 

•  The new Objective 3 (development of human resources) is intended to support the adaptation and 
modernisation  of  education,  training  and  employment  policies  and  systems.  It  will  finance 
operations  outside  the  regions  and  areas  covered  by  Objectives  1 and  2.  Only  the  ESF  will 
contribute to financing under Objective 3. 

Fund  operations  relating  to agricultural  structures  and  rural  development  will  involve  the EAGGF 
Guidance  Section  under  Objective  1,  with  the  support  of  the  EAGGF  Guarantee  Section  under 
Objective 2 and in other rural areas of the Union; they should enable farming and the countryside to 
continue  adjusting  to  foreseeable  change  (changing  markets,  globalisation  of  the  economy,  etc.). 
Against this background, the countryside must also meet society's expectations for  improved quality 
of the environment  by harmonising  economic  development  with  the protection  of natural  assets. In 
order to contribute to the sustainable development of rural areas, agro-environmental measures will be 
given greater importance. 

The work of the Structural Funds will also be enhanced through a new partnership approach between 
the Commission and the Member States: programme management will be decentralised at the level of 
the Member States and the regions; in return, the Commission  will insist on more selectiveness and 
greater rigour in the definition  of priorities upstream. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

1_7 

At the same time, monitoring, assessment and checking systems should be reinforced. 

Finally, cooperation between the EIB, the EIF and the Structural Funds is needed to achieve optimum 
leverage. 

In accordance  with Agenda 2000, the Commission  has prepared proposals for framework  regulations 
for  the  Structural  Funds and the Cohesion  Fund during the period  2000-06.  The  proposals  include a 
general  Structural  Fund Regulation,  specific  Regulations  for each Fund (ERDF, ESF, FEFG, EAGGF 
support  for  rural  development),  a  revision  of  the  Cohesion  Fund,  and  a  Regulation  on  a new  pre-
accession instrument. These proposals were presented by the Commission on  18 March  1998.2 

1.2. 

CHANGES IN FUND FINANCING  APPROACH 

1.2.1.  PRIORITY TO  EMPLOYMENT IN NEW  OBJECTIVE 2 PROGRAMMES (1997-99) 

The  guidelines  which  the  Commission  sent  to  the  Member  States  when  preparing  the  second 
Objective  2 programming period  1997-99 highlighted  the absolute  priority  given  to safeguarding and 
promoting  employment.  As  stated  in  the  Commission  communication  summarising  the  new 
programmes,3  the  new  programming  documents  for  Objective  2  prepared  in  1997  represented 
substantial  progress  in  quantifying  employment  effects.  In  55  of  the  66  programming  documents, 
detailed  estimates  were provided  (at the level  of the measures), corresponding  to about 66% of total 
Community financing. 

The figures  supplied for job creation should clearly be treated with caution, in particular because the 
various  regions  did  not  use  the  common  methodology  proposed  by  the  Commission  to  estimate 
employment  effects.  With  this  caveat,  the  estimates  indicate  some  880 000  jobs  created,  saved  or 
reassigned  following  Objective  2  operations  in the course  of  the  period  1997-99.  Two  thirds of the 
new jobs  are in France, Spain and the United Kingdom, the countries  that are the main  beneficiaries 
under Objective 2. According to recent assessments, this is about the same as in  1989-93. Temporary 
jobs represent a fairly small proportion (about 100 000 jobs for seven Member States). 

In practical terms, the content of the programmes may be summarised under four areas of assistance: 

• 

• 

supporting the growth and competitiveness of firms, in particular small firms (48% of all planned 
expenditure); 

training  and  employment  aid,  including  measures  to  familiarise  workers  with  advanced 
technologies (34%); 

• 

renovation and improvement of derelict industrial and urban areas (12%); 

•  promotion of tourism, clean technologies, recycling of industrial  waste and water, etc. (6%). 

All  the measures  and projects  for the regions  undergoing  industrial  conversion  should  be under way 
by 31 December  1999 at the latest, and payment should be made by 31 December 2001. 

2 COM(98) 130, COM(98) 131 et COM(98) 138. 
3COM(97)  524  final:  'The  new  regional  programmes  1997-1999  under  Objective  2  of  the  Community's 

Structural policies - focusing on job-creation". 

18 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

l.2.2.  PRIORITIES  FOR  MED-TERM REVIEW  OF  FUND PROGRAMMES  (OTHER  THAN  OBJECTIVE  2) 

In  May  1997  the  Commission  adopted  guidelines  laying  down  priorities  for  the  adaptation  of 
Structural  Fund  programmes  until  the  end  of  19994  (except  for  Objective  2,  which  was  dealt  with 
separately:  see  section  1.2.1).  The  priorities  defined  all  contribute  to  the  main  aim  of  supporting 
employment, reaffirmed  in the Amsterdam Treaty (new Title VI A) and at the extraordinary  European 
Council on employment  in Luxembourg on 20 and 21 November  1997. 

The  purpose  of  these  guidelines  is  to  define  a  reference  framework  within  which  to  adjust  present 
programmes. These  guidelines  are based  on interim assessments (see  section  3.1),  and  form  the  basis 
for  any mid-term adjustment  in programmes  for  the period  1994-99. The adjustments  should  be made 
in the course of  1998. 

Six thematic priorities  were  defined. 

1- Basic  infrastructure.  Investment  in  basic  infrastructure,  in  particular  in  favour  of  trans-European 
networks  (TENs)  should  make better  use of the various financial  instruments  available,  including  the 
EIB and the EIF (see sections 5.2 and  5.3). 

2  -  The  productive  environment.  The  guidelines  lay  especial  stress  on  improving  the  international 
competitiveness  of  small  firms,  in  particular  in  the  services  sector  (emergence  of  the  information 
society, comprehensive quality management, etc.). They also aim at remedying under-capitalisation of 
businesses,  in  particular  through  financial  engineering  instruments  in  the  structure  of  aid  to  small 
businesses. 

3  -  R&TD  and  the  information  society.  The  guidelines  require  special  attention  to  be  paid  to  aid 
measures for technological  innovation, and in general to increasing the share of resources  allocated  to 
R&TD and to innovation  (see sections  1.3.1,  1.3.5  and 6.4). 

4 - Environment  and  sustainable development.  The Commission  would  like more account  to be taken 
of preventive measures and the growing importance of the ecology sector (see section  6.2). 

5 - Human resources and education. Attention  is drawn once again to the need to move from  a passive 
to  an  active  employment  policy.  At  the  same  time,  new  structures  for  human  resource  development 
need  to  be  organised,  e.g.  in  an  appropriate  framework  of  cooperation  between  small  firms  (see 
section  6.1). 

6  - Equal  opportunities  for  men  and  women.  It  is proposed  that  measures  contributing  to  promoting 
equal  opportunities  should  be  supported; 
improving  social 
infrastructure,  access  to jobs  and  working  organisation  and  conditions,  access  to  services,  and  small 
business start-ups and development  (see section 6.3). 

include  such  measures  as 

they 

Moreover,  the  Commission  wants  to  encourage  national  and  regional  partners  to  ensure  the  quality 
and  effectiveness  of  programmes.  This  horizontal  priority  is  aimed  especially  at  partnership 
(extension  of  participation  by  the  two  sides  of  industry  and  other  interested  bodies),  monitoring 
arrangements  (in  particular,  how 
in 
implementation),  information  and  publicity  relating  to  operations  financed  in  the  framework  of  the 
Structural Funds, and the efficiency  of payment procedures. 

they  measure  performance  and 

identify  shortcomings 

On the basis  of  the guidelines  and  the results  of  interim evaluations, Monitoring  Committees  and  the 
competent  authorities  will  be  expected  to  suggest  or  decide  adjustments  to programmes  in  progress. 
The adjustments  will generally be applied  in 1998. 

4C(97)  1381 of 5 May  1997. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (199 7) 

19 

1.2.3. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  TERRITORIAL EMPLOYMENT PACTS 

In  June  1996  in  Florence,  the  Heads  of  State  and  Government  gave  a favourable  reception  to the 
European  Commission  guidelines  intended  to  reinforce  the  impact  on  employment  of  Community 
structural  operations  (COM(96)  109 of  10 June  1996). In particular,  they recognised  the need  for a 
broader  and  stronger  partnership  to  implement  employment  measures,  as  recommended  in  the 
Commission paper on "Action for employment in Europe: A confidence pact", presented in 1996. 

The  Dublin  European  Council  in  December  1996  reaffirmed  this  approach,  and  urged  swift 
implementation of the  pilot projects to be developed into territorial employment pacts on the basis of 
applications from areas or cities selected by the national authorities. The Amsterdam Council in June 
1997 took note of the  list of areas chosen. 

Three selection criteria 
To be taken  into consideration,  proposals  for  territorial  pacts  selected  by the Member  States must 
meet three criteria: 

• 

• 

• 

a "bottom-up" approach, i.e. based on initiatives originating at local level; 

a broad partnership comprising all those involved at local level: administrations and public sector, 
two  sides  of  industry,  private  bodies  and  associations  with  a  significant  role  in  favour  of 
employment; 

an  integrated  approach  based  on  an  accurate  diagnosis  of  the  local  situation  and  leading  to 
innovative coordinated action (employment action plans). 

What progress had been made by the end of 1997? 
Eighty-nine draft  pacts from areas or cities in all fifteen  Member  States of the Union  were declared 
eligible  for  Community  technical  assistance.  Such  assistance  takes  the  form  of  maximum  aid  of 
ECU 200 000 for  each pact to pay for  setting  up an  action  plan  for  employment  and publicising  its 
content at European level. By 31 December  1997, decisions on granting technical assistance from the 
Funds had been taken for 84 pacts (22 under Article 6 ESF, eight under Article 8 EAGGF Guidance 
Section and 54 under Article 7 ERDF). 

The first action plans under the 89 employment pacts will be drawn up in the course of the first half  of 
1998.  Once they have been approved, they can be implemented,  and should receive  Structural Fund 
aid under existing programmes until the end of 1999. 

The Commission will endeavour by appropriate means when the time comes to summarise the content 
of the  employment pacts and so draw conclusions from them for job-creation. 

1.2.4.  THE  S EM  2000  INITIATIVE:  IMPROVING  MANAGEMENT  AND CONTROL OF THE  FUNDS 

In the framework  of the SEM 2000 operation ("Sound  and Efficient  Management"), the Commission 
adopted  three  decisions  in  1997  with  a  view  to  improving  the  management  and  control  of  the 
Structural Funds. 

1 - Datasheets on eligibility of expenditure: 

In April  1997, the Commission  adopted  a series of  decisions5  identifying  categoricr-  o\ expenditure 
eligible for Structural Fund financing,  in areas which had previously appeared problematic. There are 
22 datasheets laying down specific rules for the following categories of expenditure: 

5  OJL  146,  5.6.1997. 

20 

9th A nnual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

definition  of  'final  beneficiary'  of  assistance;  period  of  eligibility;  validity  of  the  commitment  at 
Member  State  level;  details  on  the  principle  of  real  cost;  overhead  allocation;  depreciation;  national 
part-financing  in  kind;  book-keeping  of  bank  interest  earned  on  Community  advances;  book-keeping 
entries  of  other  receipts;  financial,  banking  and  legal  charges; costs  of  bank  guarantees;  purchase  of 
second-hand  equipment;  purchase  of  land; purchase  of  real  estate; VAT  and  other  taxes  and charges; 
alternative  financing  of  part-financed  projects;  current  operations/restructuring  of  company  balance 
sheets;  financial  engineering:  guarantee  funds;  financial  engineering:  venture-capital  funds;  leasing; 
schemes  involving  refundable  aid;  costs  incurred  by  public  administration,  including  salaries  of 
Member States' civil servants. 

These  specific  rules  should  help operators  on the ground  to know  what  the Funds  can  part-finance  in 
accordance  with  current  programmes,  and  thus  avoid  irregularities  in  the  management  of  the  Funds 
(see section 4.2). 

2  -  Regulation  (EC)  No  2064/97.  setting  out  the  rules  the  Member  States  must  observe  for 
financial control of operations co-financed  by the Structural Funds** 

This  Commission  Regulation,  adopted  on  15 October  1997, defines  the  basic  rules  to  be  applied  by 
the  Member  States  for  financial  control  of  expenditure.  It  was  established  pursuant  to  Article  23 of 
Council  Regulation  (EEC)  No 4253/88  (amended  by Regulation  (EEC)  No 2082/93)  on  coordination 
of the Funds, and it determines: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the general  aims of financial  control (including that of providing a sufficient  audit trail), 

the minimum percentage of expenditure which controls must cover (5% of expenditure  under each 
programme), 

controls at the level of projects, 

the statement on controls to be drawn up at the closure of forms  of assistance. 

The  Regulation  came  into  force  in  November  1997,  except  for  Article  8  (statement  on  controls), 
which came into force on  1  January  1998. 

3 - The internal  Commission  guidelines on the application of net financial  corrections 

These guidelines  were adopted on  15 October  1997 in the context of Article 24 of Council  Regulation 
(EEC) No 4253/88. They  specify  the circumstances  in which the Commission  could  be  led to apply a 
net  financial  correction  (i.e.  a  reduction)  in  its  financial  contribution  to  a  programme.  The  basic 
reason for such a correction  would be significant  failure  on the part of a Member  State to comply with 
its obligations relating to financial controls. 

1.3. 

DEVELOPMENT  OF THEMATIC PRIORITIES FOR  COHESION 

Following  on  from  the  analyses  developed  in  earlier  years  (such  as  "cohesion  policy  and  the 
environment"  in  1995  or  "cohesion  policy  and  culture"  in  1996),  the  Commission  has  launched 
discussions  in  a  number  of  new  areas  where  priorities  could  be  defined  for  economic  and  social 
cohesion  policy.  As  the  Structural  Funds  are  the  main  instruments  of  this  policy,  they  are  closely 
concerned  by these thematic  approaches. 

6  OJL  290, 23.10.1997. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

21 

1.3.1.  THE  CHALLENGE  OF THE INFORMATION  SOCIETY (COM(97) 7) 

On  22  January  1997,  the  Commission  adopted  a  communication  entitled  "Cohesion  and  the 
information  society"  (COM(97)  7). The capacity  of  the regions  to  use the tools  of  the  information 
society  is an increasingly  important  factor  determining  their  competitiveness  on European  and world 
markets. These tools: 

• 

• 

provide  firms  with a range  of location  possibilities  so that  they can take advantage  of  differential 
costs and/or opportunities on various local markets, 

enable  firms  to  respond  rapidly  to  a  constantly  changing  economic  environment,  by  adopting 
flexible  forms of organisation, 

• 

enable firms to take advantage of the economies available from  networking. 

In many  fields  there are major  disparities, not only  between  Member  States  but also  within  the same 
Member  State,  in  access  to  information,  in  the  quality  and  availability  of  information,  and  in 
communications  infrastructure.  The disparity  is even  more marked  in terms of the broader  conditions 
for  full  use  of  the  information  society,  such  as  the  educational  level  required  for  general  use of 
information  society  services, the role  of the public  and private  sectors  in promoting  the  information 
society, or awareness among the public at large. 

Finally,  the  process  of  liberalisation  improves  the  sensitivity  of  telecommunications  operators and 
service  providers  to  effective  demand,  and  makes  them  more  aware  of  the  cost  of  supplying  the 
service.  From  the  point  of  view  of  cohesion,  there  is  a  risk  that  the  areas  where  demand  is  most 
concentrated  will  benefit  increasingly  from  new investment  in telecommunications  infrastructure. On 
the other hand, areas where demand is dispersed could become information  society  "deserts". 

The  Commission  has identified  a number  of political  guidelines  which  regions,  Member  States and 
the Commission  itself could  usefully  explore. 

From the point of view of regulation, the Commission  recommends  that  the Member  States follow the 
schedule fixed for the liberalisation of markets, for uncertainty  about  the rules is likely to compromise 
new  investment  in  the  very  areas  where  the  profitability  of  the  investment  is  least  certain.  The 
Commission  adds,  however,  that  this  schedule  must  be supplemented  by other  measures,  especially 
arrangements for authorisation  and rules concerning universal  service. 

At  the  level  of  investment,  it  is  clear  that  in  a  competitive  environment  the  criteria  for  public 
financing  of  infrastructure  will  become  increasingly  rigorous.  As  disparities  in  infrastructure  are 
nevertheless  still  significant,  the Commission  would  ask the Member  States and regions  concerned to 
study  carefully  the investment  decisions  (including  those  assisted  by the Structural  Funds)  to ensure 
genuine  additionality  and targeting  investment  on projects  that contribute  most directly  to cohesion in 
the regions where the investment  would not occur under market conditions. 

Finally, the Member States and regions have a major  role to play in taking account of the  "intangible" 
elements  of the information  society,  i.e. obstacles  relating  to economics,  management  and education. 
The  information  society  is  a  dynamic  concept  which  will  take  different  forms  depending  on 
institutional  relations,  traditions,  cultural  habits, and the economic  structure  of the country  or region 
concerned.  The Commission  asks the public  authorities  to take  the initiative  in encouraging  strategy 
formulation,  the  improvement  of  the conditions  for  learning,  the  creation  of  appropriate  structures, 
developing  public  awareness,  and  promoting  synergy  through  bettei  u.v.  o;  the  various  sources  of 
financing. 

The  Commission  intends  to exploit  synergies  better  by increasing  the coherence  of its action  relating 
to  the  information  society;  to  integrate  the  cohesion  dimension  fully  into  forthcoming  legislative 
initiatives,  in  particular  its  report  on  the  rules  for  universal  service  (1 January  1998);  and  to 

accompany  and  support  measures  by  the  Member  States  in  the  framework  of  the  Structural  Funds. 
The  information  society  has  been  recognised  as  a key  factor  in  the  conversion  of  Objective  2 areas, 
and now  appears  as a major  priority  for  the  new  guidelines  for  Objective  1 and  Objective  6 regions. 
Its role in regional development  policy  is certainly  set to increase in  future. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

1.3.2.  TOWARDS AN  URBAN AGENDA  IN THE  EUROPEAN UNION  (COM(97) 197) 

The  Commission  has  embarked  on  a  dialogue  on  the  future  of  urban  development  on  the  basis  of  a 
communication  adopted  on  6 May  1997 entitled  "Towards  an urban  agenda  in the European  Union". 
The central question  is to draw  up a coordinated  and coherent response  to a growing number  of  urban 
problems. 

The  Commission  would  like  to  launch  a  debate  within  the  European  institutions  and  with  the  non 
governmental  organisations  and  associations  whose action  is mainly  centred  in towns  and  cities. This 
should  enable  urban  considerations  to  be  a  more  integral  factor  in  the  strategy  of  the  Union's  future 
policies.  Community  policies  on  the  environment,  transport,  employment,  social  integration,  energy, 
research  and  technological  development  (RTD),  and,  of  course,  economic  and  social  cohesion,  are 
already having an impact on the towns and cities of the Union. 

Cities  are  the  motors  of  economic  growth,  competitiveness  and  employment,  and  their  relative 
strengths  and  weaknesses  are  reflected  directly  in  regional  disparities  across  Europe.  At  the  same 
time,  the  problems  experienced  in  Europe's  cities  are  steadily  worsening:  traffic  congestion, 
unemployment,  environmental  nuisance,  poverty  and  exclusion,  poor  housing,  crime  and  drug 
addiction. 

Nevertheless, cities  may afford  opportunities  for  a better quality  of  life,  in cultural  and  social  as  well 
as  economic  terms.  Moreover,  by  allowing  concentration  of  activities,  they  provide  considerable 
advantages in achieving a model of sustainable  development. 

The  Commission  stresses  the  need  for  an  integrated  response  to  meet  urban  challenges.  Integration 
requires better coordination  of action  at local, regional, national  and also European  level: at present, it 
seems  that  action  is  too  dispersed.  Coherent  programming  will  enable  cities  to  approach  their 
problems in a more constructive  way, and to take advantage of their potential. 

The  Structural  Funds  can  be  used  for  measures  to  respond  to  urban  problems:  for  example  by 
targeting  major  pockets  of  unemployment  in  inner  cities  and  densely  populated  city  outskirts,  or  by 
improving infrastructure  and public transport  systems to enhance the accessibility  of the outskirts. 

The communication  should  contribute  to a wide-ranging  debate  on  the role of towns  and  cities  in the 
Union. It has already  been  examined  at an informal  meeting  of the  Ministers  responsible  for  regional 
policy and regional  development  at Noordwijk  in June  1997. The European  Parliament, the Economic 
and Social  Committee and  the Committee  of the Regions started  work on the subject  in  1997 and they 
are expected  to adopt official  positions in 1998. 

The Commission  intends  to present  the results of this debate  in the course of an "Urban  Forum" to be 
organised  in Vienna on 26 and 27 November  1998. 

1.3.3.  SYMPOSIUM  ON  THE  "LEADER" INITIATIVE FOR  RURAL DEVELOPMENT 

On  9,  10 and  11 November  1997, a conference  was  held  in Brussels  to discuss  the  Leader  Initiative 
and rural development.  Over  1  000 participants  represented  local action  groups and  others engaged in 
local  development,  and  the  Member  States  and  applicant  countries.  The  symposium  provided  an 
opportunity  to  pool  experience,  to  investigate  possibilities  for  cooperation  between  different 
geographical  areas,  and  to  draw  conclusions  for  the  future.  The  results  of  the  symposium  were 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

23 

especially  useful  in the context  of preparing Agenda  2000 (see section  1.1.2), which  provides, among 
other things, for a new Community Initiative for rural  development. 

In  his  closing  speech,  the  Member  of  the  Commission  responsible  for  agriculture  and  rural 
development,  Franz  Fischler,  stressed  the  need  to  plan  for  a  new  Community  Initiative  for  rural 
development,  beyond  1999, based  on local  partnership,  encouraging  private  initiative  and  innovation, 
and  safeguarding  specific  regional  identity.  To  reinforce  the  impact  of  this  initiative  and  facilitate 
transnational  cooperation, it is essential  to maintain  a network  at European  level. 

More simplification  is also essential  to reinforce  transparency  and enhance  the implementation  of this 
Initiative  in  the  framework  of  partnership,  in  accordance  with  the  principle  of  subsidiarity,  to  take 
more account of the diversity of the countryside. 

To  ensure  that  all  rural  regions have  an opportunity  to establish  their  own  development  strategy,  the 
new Initiative must be suitable for introduction  throughout Community  territory. 

It  should  also  contribute  to  improving  the  employment  situation  and  the  quality  of  life  and  the 
environment  in rural regions. 

1.3.4.  REGIONAL  POLICY  AND  COMPETITION  POLICY 

At present.-for  the current  Structural  Funds  programming  period,  there  are  divergencies  between  the 
territorial  coverage  of  national  regional  aid  and  that  of  the  regional  Objectives  of  the  Funds:  the 
population  in  areas  eligible  under  the  Funds  (almost  51%  of  the  Community  population)  is  greater 
than  that  of  areas  eligible  for  assistance  from  the  Member  States  (almost  47%); moreover,  there  are 
inconsistencies,  mainly  between  the  map  of  national  aid  and  the  map  of  Objectives  2  and  5(b). A 
distinction  should  be  made  between  the  areas  in  receipt  of  national  aid  but  not  eligible  under  the 
Structural  Funds (which are not really a problem), and those eligible for Fund aid but not covered by a 
national regional aid scheme. 

In  the  second  category  of  regions,  the  efficiency  of  Fund  operations  is  compromised  because 
assistance  to  firms  must  comply  with  the  conditions  for  granting  State  aid  in  non-assisted  regions, 
which  are  much  less favourable.  A further  disadvantage  of different  treatment  for  regions  depending 
on  whether  or  not  they  are covered  by  a regional  aid  scheme  is  that  it  adversely  affects  the  political 
comprehensibility  of the Union's structural  action. 

Consequently,  when  adopting  the  new  guidelines  for  regional  aid  on  16 December  1997 (see  section 
6.7),  the  Commission  examined  a  communication  to  the  Member  States  concerning  consistency 
between  regional  policy  and competition  policy.  In  this  communication,  which  was  actually  adopted 
in  March  1998,7  the  Commission  opened  the  way  to  solving  the  problems  raised  by  these 
inconsistencies.  The  proposal  is  relevant  to  the  need,  stressed  in  Agenda  2000,  for  a  stronger 
geographical  concentration  of  structural  operations  in  the  next  programming  period,  so that,  overall, 
the map of areas eligible under the Structural Funds is within that of areas eligible for State aid, which 
will be subject  to a ceiling of 42.7% of the population  of the Union. In accordance  with this principle, 
the following  conditions must also be fulfilled  when  the new map is defined  for  the Structural Funds: 
the  criterion  for  defining  regions  eligible  for  assistance  under  Objective  1,  i.e.  regions  whose 
development  is  lagging  behind  (per  capita  GDP  at  75% of  the  Community  average)  must  be  strictly 
applied;  eligibility  under the new  Objective  2 must  cover  only  areas proposed  for  Article  93(2)(c)  as 
well,  with  other  regions  being  included  only  by  way  of  exception  and  area  limits  for  the  Structural 
Funds  and  for  regional  State aid  must  be defined  concomitantly,  so that  the two maps can  come  into 
force  on  1  January 2000. 

C(1998) 673 final of 17 March 1998. 

24 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

1.3.5.  COMPETITIVENESS, R&TD AND INNOVATION 

The  Commission  has  prepared  a  communication  on  "Reinforcing  cohesion  and  competitiveness 
through research, technological development and innovation"8. 

In order to reinforce  the competitive capacity of the least favoured  regions, it is necessary to ensure 
that R&TD and innovation policies are directed to the productive fabric  of the region, and integrated 
into it, and that these policies are supported people in the regions so as to identify  and direct resources 
towards regional strategic priorities. The Structural Funds and the framework programme for research 
have  roles  to  play  in  this  process;  for,  although  some  aspects  of  technology  are  converging,  the 
technological gap is still significant, in particular between regions. 

Consequently,  analysis  has  sought  to  identify  practical  solutions  that  would  enable  Community 
policies to adopt a systemic approach to R&TD and innovation, so as to contribute to the economic 
growth of the least favoured regions and to help promote economic and social cohesion. 

8  COM(98) 275  of 27 May  1998. 

CHAPTER 2: 

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROGRAMMING IN THE MEMBER STATES 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 

2 7 

2.1.  GENERAL PRESENTATION  BY  OBJECTIVE 

2.1.1.  T HE  ADOPTION  OF  NEW  PROGRAMMES IN  1997 

The  second part  of the current programming  period began  in  1997, which  was also the third  full  year 
of  the Funds'  work  during  this  period.  Virtually  all  programmes  are  now  being  implemented  on  the 
ground,  apart  form  some  Community  Initiative  programmes  which  were  adopted  late, in  1997. Some 
new programmes  were, however, adopted during the year, mainly for Objective  2 (declining industrial 
areas) for the new programming period  1997-99. (It will be recalled  that programming for  Objective 2 
is  divided  into  two  three-year  periods:  1994-96  and  1997-99,  apart from  the  three  new  Member 
States: Sweden  and Austria,  which opted for  a single period from  1995 to  1999; Finland which opted 
for  2 periods:  from  1995 to 1996 and from  1997 to 1999). 

A  total  of  88  new  operations  were  adopted  in  1997  under  the  various  Objectives.  Most  (81%)  were 
under  Objective  2:  between  March  and  December  66  SPDs  and  five  Operational  Programmes  for 
Spain  were  adopted  under  that  Objective.  Three  Objective  2  programmes  were  not  adopted  in  1997 
but  will  be  in  1998, they  concern  Madrid,  the  Basque  Country  and  multiregional  assistance  in  Spain 
from  the  ESF  (see  section  2.1.4  on  the  implementation  of  Objective  2).  The  Community  will 
contribute a total of ECU 8 515 million. 

In addition, 33 programmes under the Community Initiatives were adopted  in  1997 (see 2.1.8). 

As  well  as  new  programmes  being  adopted,  a  large  number  of  amendments  were  made  to  existing 
programmes. Most  of  these concerned  the  annual  indexation  of  assistance  and  very  few  had  any real 
financial  impact 

2.1.2.  GENERAL  OVERVIEW  OF  IMPLEMENTATION 

Like  1996,  1997  was  an  interim  year  devoted  to  implementation  on  the  ground  and  ensuring  the 
progress of programmes. It was marked by a general  speeding up of the implementation  of assistance, 
as can be seen from  the two charts below. 

By  the  end  of  1997,  programming  for  the  1994-99  Structural  Funds  Objectives  was  being 
implemented  through  580  forms  of  assistance  (SPDs,  OPs,  global  grants,  major  projects),  of  which 
50%  were  SPDs  and  44%  OPs.  There  were  also  the  Community  Initiatives,  which  were  being 
implemented  through 446 programmes. In all, therefore,  1 026 programmes  have been  adopted  under 
the Structural Funds since  1994. 

28 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Assistance from  the Structural  Funds 1994-99 (CSFs and SPDs) in ECU million at 1997 prices 
at 31 December 1997 

B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
1 
L 
NL 
A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK 
TOTAL 

Total 
1.850,11 
755,26 
19.793,76 
13.902,33 
30.543,85 
13.544,61 
5.708,42 
19.561,72 
85,49 
2.172,70 
1.482,12 
14.106,82 
1.549,58 
1.217,55 
11.355,00 
137.629,34 

ERDF 

852,43 
118,07 
8.516,06 
9.367,05 
16.860,49 
5.362,53 
2.603,95 
10.821,80 
15,62 
598,07 
352,84 
8.762,63 
417,23 
314,88 
5.431,30 
70.394,95 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

727,23 
343,65 
6.803,41 
2.585,07 
8.455,94 
4.724,80 
2.009,10 
4.982,09 
26,84 
1.379,16 
539,30 
3.183,93 
523,80 
652,48 
5.215,84 
42.152,63 

244,81 
151,00 
4.285,49 
1.818,41 
4.089,39 
3.229,18 
1.047,67 
3.384,54 
41,93 
140,37 
587,98 
1.952,11 
581,56 
204,73 
583,98 
22.343,15 

25,64 
142,54 
188,80 
131,80 
1.138,03 
228,10 
47,70 
373,30 
1,10 
55,10 
2,00 
208,15 
27,00 
45,46 
123,88 
2.738,60 

Objective 

1 
2 
3 
4 
5(a)  (agric.) 
5(a)  (fisheries) 
5(b) 
6 
TOTAL 

Total 
93.428,55 
15.063,99 
12.895,88 
2.284,72 
5.418,11 
892,61 
6.933,57 
711,90 
137.629,34 

ERDF 
55.441,67 
11.671,79 

ESF 

22.358,15 
3.392,20 
12.895,88 
2.284,72 

EAGGF 
13.790,85 

FIFG 
1.837,89 

5.418,11 

2.986,36 
295,14 
70.394,95 

1.052,00 
169,68 
42.152,63 

2.895,21 
238,98 
22.343,15 

892,61 

8,10 
2.738,60 

CSFs and SPDs: Implementation from 1994 to 1997 (in ECU million) over all Objectives 

Commitments/total  assistance 

Payments/total  assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

The implementation  of programming in  1997 speeded up the process of compensating for the delays 
in using appropriations  which had built  up in  1994 and  1995. For Objectives  1 to 6 taken together, 
99%  of  the  available  appropriations  were  committed  by  the  end  of  1997  and  100%  paid.  The 
appropriations committed since 1994 accounted for 62% of assistance for the period. Commitments in 
1997 therefore  amounted to 29% of total commitments since  1994. The situation  varies widely from 
one Member State to another (see the annexed detailed Table). By the end of  1997, commitments in 
two  Member  States  (Spain  at  68%  and  Portugal  at  70%)  were  far  in  advance  of  the  financial 
perspective of 61%. In Sweden, by contrast, the rate of consumption (45%) was particularly low. 

Payments too speeded  up, amounting to 46% of assistance by the end of the year as compared with 
31% at the end of  1996, an increase of  15 points. As in the case of commitments, implementation of 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

29 

payments  varied  widely  from  one Member  State  to another,  representing  the  largest  percentages  of 
assistance in Spain  (52%), Ireland  (55%) and Portugal  (56%) and the smallest in Italy (33%), Sweden 
(30%) and Finland (39%). In the latter two cases, the reason for these low rates was that  programming 
started  later following  their accession in  1995. 

Implementation  is  furthest  advanced  in  Objectives  1, 2  and  3,  where  over  60% of  assistance  was 
committed  and between  43% and 48% paid. It was least  advanced  in Objectives  4, 5(b) and 6, where 
commitments  totalled  less  than  50% of assistance  and payments  less than  35%. (For a breakdown by 
Objective, see the sections below). 

Support for small firms under the various Objectives 

The  Community  support  frameworks  (CSFs) and single programming  documents  (SPDs)  specifically 
earmark  15% to 20% of the total  resources of the Funds (i.e. ECU 23 to 30 billion) for measures 
to encourage small  firms and improve their productive facilities and economic  environment. 

In  the  three  new  Member  States  (Austria,  Finland  and  Sweden),  concentration  on  small  firms  is 
substantially  higher (30% to 40% of Community assistance). 

On  30  May  1997, the  Commission  presented  guidelines  on  the  adjustment  of  Structural  Funds 
programmes  for  Objectives  1 to  6  (see  section  1.2.2)  which  proposed  making  greater  use  of the 
resources  available  in  the  existing  programmes  to  support  small  firms  and  local  development  and 
employment  initiatives.  The  proposed  priorities  focus  primarily  on  job-creation,  mainly  by  small 
firms.  Overall, the amounts intended for such firms  under Objective  1  during this programming  period 
are estimated  at  11% to 19% (ECU 10 to 17 billion). Estimates for Objective  6 range from  9% to 27% 
(ECU 65 to 192 million). 

The development  of small  firms  is also a priority for Objective  2 (see section  1.2.1) as is reflected in 
the SPDs  submitted  by the Member  States and adopted  by the Commission  for the new programming 
period  1997-99. The amounts for small firms  during the current  period  are estimated  at 25% of total 
funding,  or about ECU 3 700 million. 

The  sums  allocated  to  small  firms  under  Objectives  3  and 4  are  estimated  at  about  14% of  total 
funding,  or about ECU 2 100 million for the current programming  period. 

The  amounts  under  Objective  5(a) agriculture  are  estimated  at  59% of  total  funding,  or  ECU 3 
billion.  Objective  5(a) fisheries will devote  between  80% and  100% of its total  resources  (ECU 700 
to 880 million) to small  firms. 

Small  firms  receive  support  under  Objective  5(b) both  to assist  in  their  establishment  and  survival 
and  to improve  their  environment.  Between  1994 and  1999, about  25% of  appropriations  (ECU 1.8 
billion) will be spent on productive investment in small firms, craft  businesses and services. 

An information  network for small firms: the Euro Info  Centres 

1. A broad  network of assistance 
The  network  of  Euro  Info  Centres  (EICs)  has  227  members  in  the  European  Union  and  21 
corresponding centres  in the CEECs and non-member  Mediterranean  countries. The EICs constitute a 
unique  network  within  various  structures:  public,  private  or  mixed  (chambers  of  commerce,  local 
development  agencies or banks) and operating  in close contact  with  small  firms.  They  place a variety 
of skills at the exclusive disposal  of business and provide  small firms  with a range of general  skills on 
Community  matters. 

30 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

They  offer  small  firms  a  special  link  with  Europe  and  provide  firms  with  information,  launch 
assistance, advice and help on all matters relating to Community programmes and policies. The range 
of services includes information, initial advice and the transmission of information from these firms. 

2. The Euro Info Centres and the Structural  Funds 
The EIC play  an  important  role  in  keeping  small  firms  informed  about  the  opportunities  which  the 
regional  programmes  offer  them.  To  this  end,  the  network  of  EICs  has  held  information  meetings, 
particularly  on the SMEs Community  Initiative  and interregional  cooperation  under Article  10 of the 
ERDF Regulation. The compendia of successful  projects which have contributed to local development 
in Germany  and Italy are outstanding.  The  specialist  EICs constitute  a vital  channel  for  transmitting 
local information  to the Commission. EICs provide technical assistance to local, regional  and national 
authorities  on the design  and implementation  of  programmes  supported  by the  Structural  Funds and 
often  take  part  in designing  and  promoting  regional  development  programmes  such  as  Interreg  and 
Ecos-Ouverture.  The  EICs  were  involved  in  promoting  the  Directoria  event  on  interregional 
cooperation  held in Strasbourg on 24-26 February  1997 and about ten members of  the network  were 
present on the European Union stand. 

3. A new task for the Euro Info  Centres 
The  1996 Council decision on a third multiannual  programme for small firms  made the EICs the first 
port  of  call  for  small  firms  seeking  information  on  the  Community  ("First  Stop  Shops").  This  new 
task should provide small firms with simpler, more straightforward and hence more effective  access to 
the  legislation,  programmes  and opportunities  of  the European Union.  It took the form  of  a strategy 
for adapting the network which was favourably received by the Member States on  19 September. This 
strategy sets out the exact implications of the "First Stop Shop" concept, the range of services  offered 
by  the  EIC  and  the  ways  of  forwarding  information  from  small  firms.  The  strategy  includes  an 
agreement  on  improving  cooperation  at  local  level  between  the  network  of  EIC  and  that  of  the 
Business Information Centres (BICs, see section 2.1.9). 

A network at the service of regional  development: the Business Information  Centres (BICs) 

In recent years, the Commission  has supported the launch of a large number of  services  to firms, the 
BICs,  which  help establish  innovative  firms  and modernise  and develop existing  small  firms.  There 
are now  140 BICs in the Union, mainly in the areas eligible under Objectives  1 and 2 but also in those 
eligible  under Objectives 5(b) and 6. Their tasks are to identify  opportunities for the establishment of 
firms,  train  future  heads  of  firms  in  management  and  the  design  of  a  business  plan,  monitor  the 
development  of  the  planned  firm  by  providing  logistical  support  at  local  level  or  advice  and  help 
secure financial  support for the project, mainly through contacts with local financial  institutions. 

2.1.3. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  OBJECTIVES  1  (REGIONS  WHOSE  DEVELOPMENT  IS  LAGGING 
BEHIND)  AND  6  (THINLY POPULATED  REGIONS) 

During  1997  13  items  of  assistance  were  adopted  under  Objective  1.  They  comprised  seven 
operational  programmes  (six  in  Italy  and  one  in  Portugal),  two  major  projects  (in  Spain)  and  four 
global  grants (one  in Spain, two in Italy  and one  in Greece). Assistance  totalled ECU 592.4  million, 
0.6% of total assistance for  1994-99. No programmes for Objective 6 were adopted in 1997. 

Overall, Objective  1 is being implemented through  196 forms of assistance  (SPDs, OPs, global grants 
and major projects) and Objective 6 through two SPDs. 

Most  programming  (110  of  the  198  items  of  assistance,  or  56%)  is  being  implemented  on  a 
regionalised basis. 

Spain  alone  accounts  for  27.5%  of  total  Community  finance  under  Objective  1  and  34%  of  the 
implementing documents. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

31 

Implementation  of appropriations under Objective 1 

Like  1996, 1997 saw a substantial increase in the pace of programme implementation, as can be seen 
from the graphs below: 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

tZZI% annual 

! 

— » -% cumulated 

30% 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

By the end of  1997, 64% of appropriations had been committed (as compared with 46% at the end of 
1996) and 48% of payments made (33%). This meant that all appropriations, both commitment and 
payment,  available  during  the  year  were  used.  This  high  level  of  implementation  was  particularly 
noticeable  in  two of  the  main  beneficiaries  under  Objective  1, Spain  and  Portugal,  where  rates of 
utilisation  for  1994-97 amounted to 69% and 70% of commitments  and 53% and 56% of payments 
respectively.  The  Member  States  where  delays  in  implementing  Objective  1 were  greatest  are the 
most  prosperous: Netherlands, France  and Belgium  were  very  slow  in making commitments (38%, 
44% and 47% respectively) while in Italy and Austria delays mainly affected  payments. In the case of 
France, this delay was mainly the result of the failure to commit ECU 190 million in 1997 because of 
insufficient  declarations of expenditure. 

The  situations  with  regard  to  the  two  countries  eligible  under  Objective  6  were  very  different. 
Progress in implementing programmes in Finland, where 59% of appropriations had been committed 
by the end of 1997 was much greater than in Sweden (only 32%). 

Small firms under Objectives 1 and 6 

Because of the financial  concentration of the Funds on the Objective  1  regions, much greater amounts 
(ECU 10 to  17 billion for the current  1994-99 programming period) have gone to develop small firms 
in those regions than in other eligible areas. A recent study has shown that direct assistance accounts 
for  11% to 19% of total Community assistance. Furthermore, small firms occupy a major place in the 
economic fabric of the countries most concerned (Spain, Greece, Portugal, Italy and Ireland). Support 
for  these  firms  is  therefore  an  important  means  of  promoting  the  economic  development  of  less 
advanced regions and helping combat unemployment there. The type of assistance varies very much 
from one Member State to another but there is one constant feature: in the cohesion countries (Spain, 
Portugal,  Greece  and  Ireland)  where  finance  in  the  form  of  physical  infrastructure  for  small  firms 
(business  parks)  is  less  developed  than  in  the  other  Member  States.  Furthermore,  financial 
engineering  occupies  only a limited  place, if  any, in the  range  of  measures  to assist  small  firms  in 
these Member States (0% in Greece and Portugal), mainly because of the small number of  financial 
institutions  concerned  with  economic  development.  R&TD  accounts  for  a  major  proportion  of 
assistance in Portugal (27.3%) and Ireland (13.2%) but is merely a discussion  topic in Greece (1%). 
Training for the management and staff  of small firms  is less important in the cohesion countries than 
in the other Objective  1  regions. In the regions eligible under Objective  6, measures for  small firms 
concern  mainly  advisory  services  and  staff  training.  The  study  also  shows  that  the  impact  on 
employment of measures for small firms under Objectives  1  and 6 amounts to about 285 000 net jobs 
created between  1994 and 1999. 

9th Annual Report  of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

Priorities  for the interim evaluations of Objectives  1 and 6 

On  30  May  1997  the  Commission  notified  the  Member  States  of  the  guidelines  for  the  mid-term 
revision  of the Structural  Funds programmes  (see  section  1.2.2) excluding  Objective  2 (for  which  the 
new  programmes  for  1997-99  were  being  adopted,  see  1.2.1).  These  guidelines  were  designed  to 
supplement  the interim evaluations carried  out in partnership and covered  a significant  number of the 
programmes  in  progress  (see  below).  The  exercise  revealed,  for  example,  that  measures  for  human 
resources  had  yielded  satisfactory  results, particularly  those concerning  the  training  of young people, 
while  those  for  the  long-term  unemployed  and  the  staff  of  small  firms  had  encountered  some 
problems. 

2.1.4. 

IMPLEMENTATION OF OBJECTIVE 2  (AREAS UNDERGOING INDUSTRIAL CONVERSION) 

1997 was the first  year of implementation  of the new programming  period  for  Objective  2 (1997-99). 
For  this  period,  the  Commission  approved  66  SPDs  and  one  CSF  (for  Spain,  including  five 
programmes).  As  the  Commission's  communication1  described  in  detail,  the  new  programmes  stress 
job-creating  investment  and  sustainable  development  and  the  development  of  human  resources.  A 
more  targeted  approach  was  adopted  with  regard  to measures  to promote  research  and  technological 
development,  the transfer  of technologies and the industrial application  of research results. The role of 
the  local  economy  (local  initiatives  for  development  and  employment)  also  features  in  the  new 
programmes, since they can provide new jobs, for example in the social or cultural  field. 

For the period  1994-99, Objective  2 is being implemented  by a total of  153 forms  of assistance  (SPDs 
and OPs). 

At  the  end  of  the  first  programming  period  (1994-96),  the  funding  as  reduced  for  the  12  existing 
Member  States  had  been  committed.  The  figure  for  the  three  new  Member  States  was  71%. In 
the  Commission  decided  to  transfer  the 
accordance  with  Article  9  of  the  Framework  Regulation, 
appropriations not used during the first programming period  (1994-96) to the second (1997-99). These 
totalled  ECU  848  million,  or  11.7%  of  assistance  for  the  first  period  bringing  the  total  amount 
allocated to Objective  2 for  1997-99 to ECU 8 515 million  (as compared  with ECU  15 064 million  for 
1994-99). 

Breakdown  under Objective 2 (1997-99) 

B 
216,15 

DK 
68,23 

D 
901,13 

E* 
1.485,05 

Assistance 
Including ECU 848 million transferred from 1994-96 
* Programmed by CSF,  other countries by SPD 

F 
2.247,29 

1 
967,74 

L 
9,84 

NL 
442,12 

I  UK 

FIN 
135,29  2.675,78 

Total 
9.148,61 

(ECU million) 

Implementation  of appropriations  under Objective 2 for  1994-99 

By  the  end  of  1997, 61% of  appropriations  for  the  entire  period  1994-99  and  all  those  available  for 
1997 had been committed. There were some delays in the implementation  of programmes for  1994-97 
in  the  Netherlands,  the  United  Kingdom  and  Finland  while  commitments  in  Luxembourg,  Austria, 
Denmark  and  Spain  were  above  average.  The  delay  in  implementation  in  the  United  Kingdom  was 
mainly  due  to the  very  small  number  of  commitments  under  the  ERDF in  1997 because  the  partners 
had concentrated  on completing strategies for the approval of future  projects. 

1  COM(97)  524  final  'The  New  Regional  programmes  1997-1999  under  Objective  2  of  the  Community's 

Structural Policies - focusing on job-creation". (See section 1.2.1). 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

33 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

All  the payment  appropriations  available  in  1997  were used  so that 43% of  total  assistance  adopted 
for  1994-99  had been  paid  by the end  of  1997. This  is  a distinct  improvement  on  1996  (when  only 
23%  of  assistance  had been paid). The  speed  up in the  implementation  of  programmes  in  1997 was 
even more marked in the case of Objective 2 than Objective 1. 

Small firms under Objective 2 

The guidelines  adopted by the Commission in  1997 (COM(97) 524 final)  set out the priorities for the 
measures to be emphasised  in the new  Objective  2 programmes for  1997-99  (see  section  1.2.1). The 
content  of  the programmes reflects  these priorities. Measures to support growth and  competitiveness 
in  firms  account  for  a total  of  48% of  planned  expenditure.  More  specifically,  direct  assistance  to 
small firms is put at 25%  of total Community funding (about ECU 3.7 billion). 

For example, in Italy the Centro Servizi PMI studied the plastic materials sector and drew up a plan to 
expand the opportunities for training which could be used immediately  by firms  in the sector and for 
structural assistance to set up continuous dialogue between the firm and the training system to secure 
a multiplier effect.  The main aims of the project were to adjust the skills profiles  and include in them 
factors  concerning  organisation  and management  with a view  to adopting  systems  more  in  line with 
market needs. 

The training measure has had very positive results: 

creating conditions where firms can compare themselves with each other and cooperate; 
preparation of a joint development model of production methodologies; 
cooperation between the small firms concerned and large firms in the sector; 
possibility of partnerships between firms on innovation and marketing policies. 

This project will help improve performance and levels of employment in firms. 

2.1.5. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  OBJECTIVES  3  AND  4  (HUMAN  RESOURCES  AND  THE  LABOUR 
MARKET) 

• 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  OBJECTIVE  3  (LONG-TERM  UNEMPLOYED.  INTEGRATION  OF  YOUNG 

PEOPLE.  INTEGRATION  INTO THE LABOUR  MARKET) 

Objective  3  is  horizontal  in  nature  and  has  a number  of  target  groups:  the  young  unemployed,  the 
long-term unemployed and those threatened with exclusion from the labour market. 

34 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

Interim evaluations were carried out in  1997 and resulted in the following guidelines: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the assistance for young people granted during programming was increased. The number of young 
people trained was greater than originally planned; 

in  the  case  of  the  unemployed  "threatened"  with  long-term  unemployment  and  the  long-term 
unemployed, the assessors  suggested  greater concentration  on the very  long-term  unemployed  in 
order to concentrate  more  on  those  most  vulnerable.  The  traditional  training  activities  for  those 
with  poor skill  levels  were  the  first  to be  implemented  but implementation  is  slower  than in the 
case of young people; 

the  priority  for  those  threatened  by  exclusion  from  the  labour  market  covers  a  wide  variety  of 
groups  (handicapped,  ethnic  minorities,  former  convicts,  drug  addicts,  those  on  social  benefits, 
the  long-term  unemployed,  etc.).  The  problem  of  the  "new  poor" has  arisen  only  recently  and 
Objective  3  has  not  yet  taken  sufficient  account  of  it.  In  general,  monitoring  systems  do  not 
identify  the  groups  which  have  actually  taken  part  in  these  measures.  This  is  the  priority  which 
has the greatest variety of measures and promoters as compared with previous periods; 

analyses  of  equal  opportunities  for  men  and  women  suggest  that,  although  they  sometimes 
account  for  half  those  benefiting  from  assistance,  women  are under-represented  in  terms  of  the 
difficulties  they encounter in their working lives. 

The breakdown by group of the public is not always based on objective criteria of vulnerability on the 
labour market and may therefore result in the under-representation of those most affected. 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

70% 

60% 

50% 

40% 

30% 

20% 

10% 

0% 

65% 

tZZJ% annual 

— * -% cumulated 

14% 

12% 

22% 

17% 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

Programme implementation was, in general, satisfactory. Along with Objective  1, Objective 3 has one 
of the best rates of  implementation  taking  all  four years together.  All  the appropriations  available in 
1997 were both committed and paid. However, there were some substantial reprogrammings from one 
priority to another (usually towards the priority for young people). 

• 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  OBJECTIVE  4  (INDUSTRIAL  CHANGE  AND  CHANGES  IN  SYSTEMS  OF 
PRODUCTION) 

Objective  4  is  a  horizontal  Objective  which  seeks  to  ease  the  adaptation  of  workers  to  industrial 
change.  Potentially,  therefore,  it  concerns  all  workers,  particularly  those  likely  to  lose  their jobs. 
Objective  4  pays  particular  attention  to  small  firms.  It  has  three  main  strands:  anticipating  labour 
market trends and the needs for vocational  skills, vocational  training and retraining and assistance to 
improve and develop training systems. 

During  1997 the United Kingdom submitted its draft SPD for Objective 4 (1998-99) for the first time. 
This programme is expected to be approved in spring  1998. At the end of  1997, Objective 4 was being 
implemented through  15 programming documents (10 SPDs and 5 OPs). 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

35 

Implementation of appropriations under Objective 4 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

The  level of implementation  of Objective 4 in 1997 was  much  improved  over previous  years with all 
commitment  and payment  appropriations  available  in  1997 being  used.  During  1997 21% of the 
appropriations  for  1994-99  were  committed,  which  offset  some  of the backlog  which  had built up 
during the first  three  years of implementation.  However,  this  very good  performance  was not entirely 
sufficient,  since  only  49%  of the total  appropriations  had been  committed  by the end of  1997  (as 
against  62% for  all  the  Objectives  taken  together).  This  was also  the  case  for  payments,  which 
amounted  to  16% of the appropriations  for  the period  in  1997 and a  cumulative  total  of  30% of 
appropriations,  which made up only  some of the backlog  accumulated  since  1994. This general  delay 
in  implementing  Objective  4 was due mainly  to three  factors:  the slow  start  to programmes  in  1994 
and  1995, the fact  that the United  Kingdom did not submit  its SPD  until  the end of  1997 although it 
was  one of  the  main  beneficiaries  and the  under-utilisation  of  certain  priorities  (anticipation and 
technical  assistance)  of the SPD for Italy.  However,  the process  has begun  and the implementation 
rate for Objective 4 should improve substantially in 1998. 

After  four  years of implementation, Objective 4 is gradually revealing its real potential for innovation 
as a tool for adjusting  training  systems to meet the challenges of industrial  change and as an effective 
instrument  for  reaching  out  to  small  firms.  Its  targeting  of  measures  at  such  firms  has  proved 
successful,  although its measures for women and poorly qualified  workers have been less  successful. 

Small  firms and Objective 4 

Small  firms  are the businesses  most  exposed  to industrial  change.  At the same  time, they  are major 
creators of new jobs. That  is why  Objective  4 gives priority  to helping  small  firms  with  training and 
the management of human resources. 

In Spain, for example, most training for firms  with fewer  than 200 workers is covered by joint  sectoral 
or multisectoral  training plans drawn up by both  sides of industry. In Germany  and the  Scandinavian 
countries,  virtually  all persons  and organisations  involved  in supplying  on-going  training  to workers 
(employers, workers, universities, training centres, employment  services, public  authorities, etc.) have 
grouped  themselves  in regional  and local  networks.  A German  project  is training  workers  in small 
firms  in distance  working  using  the Internet.  Such  activities  form  a natural  part  of the  Objective 4 
training priority  because they concern on-going vocational training and the acquisition of new skills in 
the information  society in Europe. 

36 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.1.6. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF  OBJECTIVE 5(a)  (STRUCTURAL  ADJUSTMENT  IN  AGRICULTURE  AND 
FISHERIES) 

•  OBJECTIVE  5(a)  -  AGRICULTURE 

Objective  5(a)  is  a  horizontal  Objective  for  agriculture  which  supports  the  modernisation  of 
agricultural  structures  throughout  the Union  and  so is  linked  to the  common  agricultural  policy. The 
measures  financed  under Objective  5(a) agriculture  may be divided  into two groups:  competitiveness 
and  employment  (assistance  for  training, the  installation  of  young farmers,  investment  in  agricultural 
holdings,  services  to  assist  agricultural  holdings,  producer  groups,  investment  in  the  processing  and 
marketing  of  agricultural  and forestry  products)  and  territorial  balance  and  employment, in  particular 
measures to assist mountain and other less-favoured  areas. 

Objective  5(a)  agriculture  is  being  implemented  through  49  programming  documents  for  the 
processing and marketing of agricultural  and forestry  products and through national rules laying down 
measures under Regulation (EC) No 950/97. 

Small firms under Objective 5(a) 

Measures  under Objective  5(a) concern  agricultural  holdings and firms  engaged  in the processing and 
marketing  of  agricultural  products.  The  main  aim  of  these  measures  is  to  make  the  production, 
processing and marketing of agricultural and forestry  products more  efficient. 

The structure of agricultural  holdings assisted  under Regulation  (EC) No 950/97 means that most such 
holdings  can  be  regarded  as  small  firms.  Assistance  for  the  improvement  of  agricultural  structures 
goes  mainly  to  investment  (adaptation,  diversification,  reduction  of  production  costs,  living  and 
working conditions), young farmers  (installation,  adaptation  of structures), training  and better  internal 
organisation. The improvement and restructuring  of agricultural  holdings takes account of their role as 
factors  of stability  in rural areas. 

Under  Regulations  (EC)  No  951/97  and  (EEC)  No  867/90  on  improving  the  conditions  for  the 
processing  and  marketing  of agricultural  and  forestry  products,  assistance  is granted  to the  individual 
or  legal  person  (or  groups  thereof)  who  pay  for  the  investment.  Contrary  to  what  is  commonly 
believed,  the  agri-foodstuffs  sector  is  fairly  fragmented  and  has  a  large  number  of  small  firms 
employing fewer  than 20 people. 

For example, with regard to the share by small firms  in assistance under these two Regulations, during 
the  current  programming  period  about  65%  of  projects  approved  by  the  Spanish  authorities  were 
carried out by small  firms. In Finland and Sweden, half the projects  approved concerned  small  firms. 

In  1997 the Council adopted codified  versions of the three Regulations which constitute the legislative 
basis  for  Objective  5(a)  (Regulation  (EEC)  No  2328/91  on  improving  the  efficiency  of  agricultural 
structures,  as Regulation  (EC) No 950/97; Regulation  (EEC)  No  866/90  on  improving  the  conditions 
for  the  processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural  products,  as  Regulation  (EC)  No  951/97  and 
Regulation  (EEC) No  1360/78 on producer groups and unions thereof, as Regulation  (EC) No 952/97) 
in order to take account of the various amendments  they had undergone. This codification  inserted the 
successive  amendments  made  to  the  original  texts  and  improved  simplification  and  clarity,  in 
particular by including  in Regulation  (EC) No 950/97 the rules for determining  less-favoured  areas set 
out in Directive  268/75/EEC. 

At  local  level,  the  work  of  the  Monitoring  Committees  on  measures  concerning  the  processing  and 
marketing  of  agricultural  and  forestry  products  focused  on  improving  information  systems  on  the 
implementation  of  measures  and  the  organisation  ol  programme  evaluation.  The  work  of  the 
Committees  meant  that  programmes  in  most  of  the  Member  States  were  implemented  more  quickly 
than  in  1996. (See implementation  of appropriations  below ). 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

37 

Implementation  of  the  measures  in  the  Italian  CSF  continued  with  approval  of  a  multiregional 
operational  programme  to  improve  the  conditions  of  processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural 
products.  A  number  of  SPDs  from  different  Member  States  were  amended.  The  main  changes  were 
the  inclusion  of  new  sectors  for joint  measures  (some German  Lander),  increased  total  assistance  for 
SPDs  by  transferring  appropriations  which  had  originally  been  allocated  to  measures  under 
Regulation  (EC)  No 950/97  (Luxembourg,  Spain)  and  the  inclusion  of  new  measures  in  a number of 
sectors (Belgium, Netherlands). 

Following  the expiry  of  Article  40 of Regulation  (EC) No 950/97  laying  down  special  conditions  for 
the  granting  of  investment  aid  in  the  new  German  Lander,  the  administrative  provisions  for 
application  were brought  into line with the general rules of application. Hence, the Community  list of 
less-favoured  areas  was  amended  several  times  in  1997, once  following  a  formal  reclassification  of 
certain  municipalities  and  towns  in  Spain  and  once  to  extend  the  less-favoured  areas  in  Austria  to 
adjust  areas already  classified  at accession.  The less-favoured  areas in Austria  now  amount  to 27 433 
ha, or 69.4% of the usable agricultural  area (UAA). 

On  4  September  1996,  the  Commission  adopted  a  report  on  young  farmers  and  the  difficulties  of 
taking over agricultural  holdings in Europe which was discussed by the Committee of the Regions, the 
Economic  and  Social  Committee  and  Parliament's  Committee  on Agriculture  prior  to presentation  to 
the Council  in  1998. The report  looks at the economic, social, legal and tax problems encountered  by 
those  setting  up  in  farming,  examines  the  Community  instruments  which  exist  to  encourage 
establishment  and  help young people  in rural  areas and describes how they are applied  and the results 
achieved  in  various  Member  States. The  report  also sets out certain  guidelines  and  recommendations 
for  measures  which  could  be taken  at Community  and national  level  to make  measures  to help young 
farmers  throughout  the Union more coherent and more  effective. 

A number  of  Member  States  sent  memoranda  to the  Commission  about  how  to  improve  Community 
policy  on  mountainous  areas  and  several  other  initiatives  on  this  matter  were  taken,  including  a 
hearing by Parliament and an own-initiative report by the Committee of the Regions. 

Implementation  of appropriations  for  Objective  5(a)  agriculture 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

Like  the  other  Objectives,  during  1997  Objective  5(a)  saw  a  considerable  speeding  up  in  the 
implementation  of  appropriations  which  made  up  a  great  deal  of  the  accumulated  backlog.  All 
commitment  and  payment  appropriations  available  in  1997 were  used  so that,  by the end  of  the  year, 
58%  of  commitment  appropriations  for  the  period  and  45% of  the  payment  appropriations  had  been 
used.  Rates  of  commitment  were  highest  in France, Germany  and  the United  Kingdom  and  lowest  in 
Luxembourg, Spain and Austria. Delays in payments were greatest  in Italy and the Netherlands. 

38 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

•  OBJECTIVE  5(a)  -  FISHERIES 

The FIFG provides assistance  to fisheries  and aquaculture  structures  for  two reasons. One  is to ensure 
a lasting balance  between  fish  stocks and  fishing  activity  by adjustments  to the fishing  effort  and  the 
other is to support and strengthen  the fisheries  sector as a whole. 

The main measures taken in  1997 were as  follows: 

Adoption of multiannual  guidance programmes  (MGP IV) for  1997-2001 
The  Commission  adopted  the  13 multiannual  guidance  programmes  (MGP)2 for  the fishing  fleets  for 
the  period  1 January  1997 to  31 December  2001. The  guidelines  on  the  objectives  of  MGP  IV  were 
laid down  by the  Council  in June  1997;3 they  aim to achieve  a sustainable  balance  between  fisheries 
resources and their exploitation. Following this decision, the suspension  of assistance to the fleet  from 
the FEFG was  lifted.  In accordance  with  these  guidelines,  MGP IV  seeks  to reduce  the  fishing  effort 
by  30%  for  stocks  threatened  by  exhaustion  and  20%  for  stocks  suffering  from  over-fishing.  The 
objectives  of  MGP  IV  were  calculated  on  the  basis  of  those  of  MGP  HI  (1992-96).  Some  Member 
States  have  still  to  complete  what  should  have  been  done  under  the  previous  period,  which  will 
require  a reduction  in capacity  of  at  least  55%. This  restructuring  will  be accompanied  by  substantial 
structural  assistance through the FIFG, including assistance for the scrapping or conversion of vessels, 
support for productive  investment  in the sector and measures to help fishermen  leaving the industry. 

Specific  measures for the conversion  of the Italian fleet  using drift  nets ("Spadare") 
Under  the plan  for  converting  this  part  of  the  fleet  drawn  up  by  the  Italian  authorities,  the  Council, 
acting  on a proposal  from  the  Commission,  adopted  specific  measures4  to  allow  aid  to be granted  to 
both the fishermen  and owners concerned.  In the  case of the fishermen,  the allowances  to be paid  for 
suspending  fishing  activity  or  taking  up  another  trade  may  not  exceed  ECU  918.23  per  person  per 
month  for  up to  six  months  and  may  be  paid  only  for  1996,  1997 and  1998. They  may  be  combined 
with  a  flat-rate  payment  of  up  to  ECU  50  000  if  the  person  ceases  all  economic  activity  and  up  to 
ECU  20  000  in  the  case  of  conversion  to  another  fishing  activity  or  another  sector.  Aid  to  vessel 
owners ranges from  ECU 20 000 to ECU  156 000  where all  fishing  activity  ceases and  from  ECU  10 
000 to ECU  146 000 in the case of conversion  to another activity, depending on power and the year of 
departure or conversion. 

State aids 
The  Commission  adopted  guidelines  for  the  examination  of  State  aid  to  the  fisheries  sector 
(Commission  communication  to  the  Member  States)5  which  cover  all  measures  entailing  a  financial 
advantage  for  one  or  more  firms  in  any  form  whatsoever.  The  granting  of  national  aid  can  be 
considered  only  if it complies  with the aims of the common  fisheries  policy. The guidelines  lay down 
criteria  for  the  compatibility  of  the  following  categories  of  national  aids:  sea  fishing,  the  processing 
and  marketing of fisheries  products, port facilities,  the development  of coastal  waters, product  quality 
and the veterinary  and health  fields. 

Implementation  of appropriations  under Objective 5(a) fisheries 

Unlike the other Objectives, during  1997 there was a distinct decline in commitments  under  Objective 
5(a) with only 6% of the appropriations  for  the period  being  used as compared  with  13% in  1996 and 
20%  in  1995.  This  situation  is  typical  of  how  the  FIFG  operates,  frequently  making  single 
commitments for  the whole of a programme, the amount of which is limited. By the end of  1997, 54% 
of  assistance  had  been  committed  and  41% paid.  Here  too,  the  situation  in  different  Member  States 
varied  enormously.  Belgium,  Austria,  Finland,  Luxembourg  and  Sweden  (where  the  appropriation^ 

2  OJ L 39, 12.2.1998 (Commission Decisions 98/119/EC to 131/EC of 16 December 1997). 
3  OJ L 175, 3.7.1997, p. 27 (Council Decision 97/413/EC of 26 June 1997). 
4  OJ L 121, 13.5.1997, p. 20 (Council Decision 97/292/EC of 28 April 1997). 
5  OJC 100,27.3.1997. 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

39 

were,  however,  small)  committed  the  whole  amount  for  the  period  while  others,  including  Italy  and 
the  Netherlands,  had  very  low  rates  of  commitment.  The  situation  with  regard  to  payments  was  the 
same.  In  Italy  1997  was  a crisis  year  for  the  fishing  industry  and  this  is  reflected  in  the  low  rate  of 
implementation  of appropriations in the Italian  programme. 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

Commitments  in  1997  under Objective  5(a) fisheries  amounted  to 36% of the total  available  because 
some  of  the  major  beneficiary  countries  (Germany,  Denmark,  France,  Netherlands  and  the  United 
Kingdom) did not reach the threshold for commitment of the  1997 instalment. 

Small firms and  fisheries 

Small  firms  make  up the  bulk  of  the  industry  engaged  in  the processing  of  fisheries  and  aquaculture 
products, which  comprises  some 2 200 firms  employing  about  92 000 people, an average  of 42 each. 
Because of the size of their fishing  fleets, the United  Kingdom, Germany  and Spain alone account  for 
over half of Community employment  in the sector. 

The  FTFG  is  part-financing  measures  to  help  small  firms  in  the  fields  of  aquaculture  and  the 
processing  and  marketing  of  fisheries  and  aquaculture  products.  Since  1994  Community  assistance 
from  the  FIFG  for  these  fields  has  made  a  vital  contribution  to  the  part-financing  of  investment 
projects  concerned  with: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

the  restructuring  and  modernisation  of  firms  in  difficulties  while  avoiding  as  far  as  possible  the 
risk of creating surplus production  capacity; 

improving the quality and hygiene of the products  marketed; 

increasing  value added and the exploitation  of products 

promoting technological  innovation and the development of new products. 

During  the  1994-99  programming  period,  it  is  planned  to  use  about  one  third  of  the  total  of  ECU 
2 700 million to assist these fields. 

The FTFG also part-finances  measures to adjust  the fishing  effort  (scrapping  of  vessels,  establishment 
of joint  ventures)  and  modernise  and  renew  the  fleet.  95% of  the  vessels  comprising  the  Community 
fleet  are  less  than  24  metres  long.  Small  firms  are  therefore  the  principal  beneficiaries  of  this 
assistance. Most of the socio-economic structural  measures in the fisheries  sector concern small firms. 

40 

9,h Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.1.7. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF OBJECTIVE 5(b)  (STRUCTURAL  ADJUSTMENT  OF RURAL  AREAS) 

Objective  5(b)  is  a  regionalised  Objective  intended  to  facilitate  the  development  and  structural 
adjustment of rural areas. At the end of 1997 it was being implemented through 84 regional SPDs. 

Implementation  of appropriations  under Objective 5(b) 

Commitments/total assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

60% 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

At  the end, of  1997, the overall  level  of commitments  was 49% compared  with  31%  at the end of 
1996, lower than the average across all the Objectives of 62%. This figure does not fully reflect actual 
progress, which may be considered acceptable even though it is inadequate in certain Member States. 
There was some  reprogramming  of financing  plans to help make up the backlog  but it could not  be 
entirely  effective  unless  work  actually  resumed.  Locally,  strenuous  efforts  were  made  better  to 
promote and publicise programmes among potential  beneficiaries,  which was one of the priorities for 
action  identified  in the  1996 annual  report  and interim  evaluations.  If programmés  are to be  fully 
successful,  these  promotional  activities  will  have to continue  to the end of the current programming 
period in December 1999. 

During  1997 commitments  and payments  accounted  for all the appropriations  available. The highest 
rates  of  commitment  were  in  Spain  and Germany  while  there  were  persistent  backlogs  in  Italy, 
Belgium  and  Finland.  In  Italy,  evaluation  work  on  the  programmes  revealed  certain  features  of 
Objective  5(b) specific  to Italy  which  accounted  for delays  in implementation.  These  included the 
separation  of procedures  for implementing  Objective  5(b) from  ordinary  regional  programming, the 
predominance of aid schemes containing a large number of micro-projects, the complexity of national 
rules on the implementation  of projects and, most  important of all, the length and complexity  of the 
tendering  procedure.  In  Belgium,  the  bulk  of  the  delays  were  in  Flanders  and  were  due  to the 
difficulties  of the Flemish Government in providing matching funds. 

Solidarity with the victims of the earthquake in Italy took the form of a transfer of resources from the 
Objective  5(b) programmes for the Marche and Umbria to reconstruction  work.  Other transfers from 
different  regions of Italy to help the earthquake areas are being considered. 

Small firms and Objective 5(b) 

About 25% of the appropriations for the measures part-financed  under this Objective concern firms in 
rural  areas.  The measures  are of  various  types:  productive  investment,  aid for investment  in small 
firms  (aid  schemes),  infrastructure  to  create  jobs  outside  agriculture,  aid  for  business  services 
(transfer  of  technology,  etc.),  advisory  services  and so  on.  Other  measures  part-financed,  such as 
tourism and the renovation of villages, also affect  the activity of small firms. 

In six of the Objective  5(b) programmes in Germany, aid to small  firms  is regarded as a main target 
_ ^ _ __ 
and an essential condition for the development of rural areas. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

41 

In France too, diversification  to promote non-agricultural  activity, and particularly  measures  for small 
firms,  is an important  aspect  of development  programmes. The special  features  of regions  mean  that 
aid  varies  but  it  concerns  mainly  the  modernisation  of  the  means  of  production,  innovation, 
dissemination  and the transfer  of technology, recruitment aid, financial  engineering and so on. 

In  the  United  Kingdom,  11  programmes  give  priority  to  measures  to  help  small  firms  cope  with 
certain  handicaps:  inadequate  infrastructure,  distance  from  their  main  markets  and  poor  levels  of 
skills. These are usually  small or very small  firms. 

2.1.8. 

IMPLEMENTATION  OF THE COMMUNITY  INITIATIVES 

Following a late start in 1995 and the allocation of the reserve in 1996, the Community  Initiatives may 
truly  said  to  have  been  under  way  in  1997. This  chapter  does  not  look  at  each  of  the  Initiatives 
separately  but  seeks  to  highlight  the  main  features  of  1997 as  reflected  in  the  adoption  of new 
programmes  and the implementation  of appropriations.  It also presents  some  illustrative  examples of 
support for small  firms. 

The  breakdown  of  assistance  adopted  under  the Community  Initiatives  for  1994-99  (as at 31 
December  1997) (ECU  million -  1997 prices) 

Adapt 

imploymer  Leader 

Pesca 

SMEs 

Regis 

Rechar  Konver  Résider  Retex* 

38,63 
31,73 
256,70 
33,53 
293,16 
278,44 
27,84 
219,69 
0,30 
69,67 
11,57 
21,43 
23,56 
13,07 
316,81 

B 
10,31 
DK 
8,16 
D 
182,18 
EL 
148,00 
E 
373,48 
228,54 
F 
69,49 
IRL 
314,72 
I 
L 
1,01 
NL 
8,50 
A 
23,39 
P 
130,91 
FIN 
28,34 
S 
16,35 
UK 
66,20 
EU 
16,00 
TOTALl  1.636,13  1.845,24  1.625,59 

45,79 
14,10 
200,99 
70,69 
450,13 
191,20 
88,61 
401,39 
0,30 
62,62 
23,01 
45,47 
33,16 
24.01 
193,77 

2,51 
16,40 
23,00 
31,11 
41,50 
28,30 
7,84 
34,17 

10,63 

29,26 
3.41 
3,97 
37,42 
0,69 

12,40 
2,55 
189,12 
83,33 
251,74 
58,49 
28,81 
192,53 
0,35 
10,34 
8,98 
125,36 
11,09 
17,21 
68,67 

15,68 

178,54 
3.05 
34,21 
33,54 

1,89 

216,93 
266,0a 

126,53 

1.83 
2,29 

11,45 
2,38 
302,51 
12,91 
23,76 
86,16 

64,79 
0,36 
12,05 

13,99 

27,71 

4,40 

206,58 
4,69 
73,64 
62,30 

92,35 
13,25 
23,54 
5,24 
9,08 

77,39 
87,52 
90,39 
39,54 
11,47 
82,99 

1,01 
2,59 
204,90 

184,79 

3,35 
136,91 

52,13 

41.79 

270,21  1.060,97 

609,54 

455,77 

670,61 

570,51 

643,96 

Urban 

InterreçT 

10,45 
1,52 
115,21 
45,20 
162,60 
80,52 
20,78 
136,02 
0,51 
22,30 
13,36 
50,00 
7,89 
4,97 
121.43 

Total 
179,33 
76,84 
1.732,23 
520,02 
2.011,55 
1.353,10 
254,85 
1.540,53 
16,08 
220,64 
89,98 
759,17 
107,45 
82,94 
1.219,88 
3.591,69 
3.608,36 
792,75  3.591,66  13.772,95 

Including 1993 
"  Including Peace 

The main features  of 1997 

Adoption of the last programmes  under the original  allocation 
In  all,  13  programmes  were  approved  in  1997:  one  Konver  CEP  and  one  Résider  II  OP  in 
Luxembourg,  one Konver  OP  in  Spain,  three  SMEs  OPs  in England,  three  Interreg  A and B  OPs 
(Italy/Slovenia,  Italy/Austria  and Italy/Greece)  and four  Leader  OPs  for  Belgium  costing  a  total of 
ECU  292.92  million.  There  were  also  technical  assistance  programmes  for Finland,  France,  Ireland, 
Netherlands  and Sweden.  This  means  that  all the OPs under  the original  allocation  have  now been 
adopted. 

On  26  November  1997  the  Commission  published  a  communication6  in  which  it  requested  the 
extension  for  1998 and  1999 of  the Peace  programme  for  reconciliation  and  economic  recovery  in 
Northern  Ireland and the six border counties of Ireland. 

6  COM(97) 642. 

42 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

Adoption of the first additional  programmes  following  allocation of the reserve 
For the first  time, it  was possible  to adopt  in  1997 some  new programmes  under  the allocation  of  the 
reserve decided on by the Commission  in May  1996: 

14  Urban  OPs  were  approved:  two  for  Germany  (Zwickau  and  Kiel),  five  for  France  (Clichy-
Montfermeil,  Châlons-sur-Saône, Saint-Etienne,  Bastia  and  Mantes-la-Jolie), two for  the  Netherlands 
(Rotterdam  and  Utrecht), four  for  the  United  Kingdom  (Coventry,  Bristol, Leeds  and  Brighton)  and 
one for Finland  (Helsinki/Vantaa). The total amount  involved  was ECU 76.6 million. 

Adoption of Interreg II C transnational  cooperation  programmes 
During  the  first  half  of  the  year,  virtually  all  the  proposals  for  Interreg  II  C  programmes  were 
submitted  to the Commission  by the Member States. The bulk of these programmes were approved  by 
the  end  of  the  year  and  the  final  decisions  on  the  remaining  programmes  should  be  taken  early  in 
1998. 

The  situation  by programme  is as follows:  of  the  six OPs  approved, two (Italy  and Portugal)  concern 
combating  drought  and  one  "Irma',  (Belgium  /  Germany  / France  / Luxembourg  / Netherlands)  flood 
United 
concern 
prevention. 
Kingdom/Denmark/Sweden/Netherlands  and  Germany  (North  Sea  region),  Austria/Germany/Greece 
and  Italy  (Cadses/Arianube),  and  Denmark/Germany/Finland  and  Sweden  (Baltic  Sea  region).  These 
six OPs  account  for a total of ECU 218.94 million. 

transnational 

cooperation: 

other 

three 

The 

The other programmes  submitted  during  1997 concern  the  western  Mediterranean  and the Alps  (E, F, 
I,  GR),  south-west  Europe  (P,  E,  F),  the  Atlantic  (P,  E,  F,  UK,  IRL),  the  NWMA  (North-west 
metropolitan  area - F, L, B, D, NL, UK, IRL), anti-flood  measures in France and Italy and measures to 
combat drought  in Spain and Greece. 

At the end of  1997, there were therefore  446 measures  implementing all the  13 Community Initiatives. 

The SMEs Community  Initiative 

The  SMEs  Community  Initiative,  which  has  a  total  of  ECU  1.1  billion  for  the  areas  eligible  under 
Objectives  1, 2, 5(b)  and  6, of  which  some ECU  800  million  is  for  the  Objective  1 regions,  is  being 
implemented  with  the  last  programmes,  mainly  for  the  United  Kingdom,  adopted  during  1997. 
Progress  in  implementing  the  programmes  varies  widely  from  one  Member  State  to  another.  In 
Ireland,  for  example,  80%  of  the  programme  is  concentrated  on  a  financial  engineering  measure 
(interest-rate  subsidies) for  small firms  (fewer  than  50 employees)  and is virtually fully  committed. In 
France,  two  calls  for  projects  on  cooperation  between  firms  on  modernisation  and  innovation  and 
transitional  partnerships  are  now  at  the  project  selection  stage.  Calls  for  projects  have  also  been 
launched  in Italy. However,  in  Spain  and  Portugal  there  are still  problems  in starting programmes. In 
Greece  96%  of  small  firms  have  fewer  than  10 employees  and  so  are  particularly  vulnerable  to  the 
pressures of the single market. That is why the programme there concentrates on grouping activities to 
reap  economies  of  scale  and  on  assistance  to  small  firms  in  modernising  their  production  and 
organisation.  The  programme  in  Saxony  (Germany)  seeks  to  support  product  development  and 
promote marketing. To encourage  small firms  to adopt  a more international  approach, this programme 
also  helps  them  gain  access  to  new  markets  such  as  eastern  Europe  and  south-east  Asia.  The 
programmes  in the new Member  States include measures to promote environmental  audits, advice and 
training  in  distance  systems  and  environmental  technology  (in  Austria),  to  gain  access  to  markets 
through  networks, better  training  and  management,  access  to the  single  market, new  information  and 
environmental  technologies  as a factor  for  competitiveness  (in Sweden) and to improve links  between 
research  and  training  and the application  of  the technical  rules  on the  single  market  and  the  grouping 
of activity (Finland). 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

43 

Small firms at the centre of the Community Initiatives 

In  addition  to  the  SMEs  Initiative  itself,  the  Commission  has  laid  special  stress  on  measures  for 
locally  generated  and  local  development  to  help  small  firms  in  the  vast  majority  of  the  other 
Community Initiatives. 

- The Leader  Community  Initiative: support  for  small  and craft  firms  is  one  of  the most  important 
aspects  of  the  Leader  Initiative,  accounting  directly  for  about  20%  of  appropriations  plus  those 
allocated to training. 

The following examples deserve attention: the two Leader action groups (LAGs) in Luxembourg have 
jointly established  a one-stop shop for small firms; a working party bringing together representatives 
of LAGs in Sierra de Segura (Andalusia), Montana de Navarra  (Navarre), La Manchuela (Castile-La 
Mancha)  and  the  inland  Basque  Country  (Aquitaine)  has  been  set  up  to  transfer  know-how  on 
encouraging  the  setting  up  of  firms;  in  Ireland  the  West  Cork  Food  Enterprise  Partnership  is an 
initiative to support local small firms in the agri-foodstuffs  sector and to promote the establishment of 
new  firms  and  various LAGs  in Portugal  (Ponta  Delgada  and  Villa  do Porto,  south-west  Alentejo, 
central Alentejo, Vale do Sor, Punhal Interior Sul) have set up joint services for business. Some LAGs 
have helped set up firms: a craft glassworks at Psiloritis (Greece) and a clothes manufacturing  firm in 
Modabarr (Portugal). 

At  European  level,  the  Leader  European  Observatory  stimulates  the  exchange  of  information  and 
experience and organises seminars. For example, in February  1997 a seminar with participants  from 
eight  Member  States  was  held  at  Elizondo  (Navarre,  Spain)  to  discuss  ways  of  supporting  the 
establishment of new activities. 

-  The  Interreg  II  A  Initiative  has  done  considerable  work  on  promoting  crossborder  economic 
development for small firms such as the exchange of information  and know-how and the promotion of 
crossborder centres or parks for the transfer of technologies and innovative products. 

- The Initiatives for industrial conversion (Konver, Rechar H, Résider LT and Retex) include measures 
to increase the capacity of small firms to diversify  their economic activities (collective research into 
new markets or the transfer  of technologies to small firms). Furthermore, improved management and 
the  use  of  new  technologies  for  better  access  to  intangible  resources  considerably  boost  the 
development of small firms (investment and advice before technological committal and technological 
diagnosis, the establishment of structures of services, improved product quality and the optimisation 
of production). There is also assistance to get firms  onto the "information  superhighway" (access to 
networks  and  servers,  awareness  of  dissemination  technologies).  Small  firms  need  access  to good 
management and organisation practice and techniques (exchange of managers, recruitment of experts, 
introduction  of  computer  facilities,  preparation  of  modernisation  plans).  The  Adapt  Initiative  is 
largely focused  on small firms with a high concentration on the organisation of work and the changes 
brought  about  by  the  new  technologies.  The  Now  strand  of  the  Employment  Initiative  (equal 
opportunities for men and women) includes the establishment of businesses by women. 

Another important aspect is access by small firms to the financial  markets and new products (venture 
capital  or  start-up  funds)  to  provide  finance  on  better  terms.  This  support  includes  both  financial 
participation  in the creation  of the funds  and  information  for  small  firms  on financial  products and 
technical assistance by experts on business finance. 

The  final  aspect  of  significance  is  the  exchange  of  experience  and  networking  to  promote  the 
internationalisation  of firms  and improve knowledge of markets (this is one of the main aims of the 
SMEs Initiative). Substantial support is given to the formation  of networks to promote contacts within 
the  Community  in  various  fields  (between  declining  employment  areas,  the  development  of  the 
marketing of new products and the spreading of skills and innovative methods). 

44 

Adapt and Employment 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

During  1997 a new priority was added to the Adapt Initiative: the information  society. In addition, 2 
327 new projects  were adopted covering still more firms, and particularly  small firms. A conference 
was  held  in Athens  in May to consider  support  for small  firms  under  Adapt  and lessons  in good 
practice  which  could  be generally  applied.  A new strand,  Integra,  was added  to the Employment 
Community  Initiative,  mainly  to provide  help  for  immigrants.  Over  3 700 new projects,  whose 
average quality was very high, were selected. Firms are still under-represented among the partners but 
some progress  has been  made. Three  conferences  were  held  in  1997, on Youthstart  (Stockholm in 
September), Integra  (Barcelona  in October) and Now (Brussels in December). The Now  conference 
was concerned with the establishment of firms by women. 

Implementation of appropriations 

a 

Adapt 
Employment 
Leader 
Pesca 
SMEs 
Rechar 

Regis 
Konver 
Resider 
Retex* 
Urtan 

Interreg" 
Total 
* Including 1993 
"  Including Peace 

1994 

0% 
11% 
0% 
9% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
1% 
12% 
0% 
0% 

2% 

CommitrrBnts/assistance 
1996 

1997 

1995 

19% 
6% 
29% 
11% 
19% 
38% 
10% 
36% 
30% 
26% 
20% 
16% 

19% 

14% 
14% 
15% 
50% 
17% 
26% 
26% 
20% 
24% 
24% 
27% 
24% 

20% 

8% 
15% 
10% 
8% 
13% 
25% 
15% 
29% 
18% 
13% 
15% 
14% 

14% 

1994-1997 
40% 
46% 
54% 
77% 
49% 
89% 
50% 
84% 
73% 
75% 
62% 
54% 

56% 

Payments/assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

0% 
5% 
0% 
4% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
9% 
0% 
0% 

1% 

9% 

3% 
8% 
2% 
6% 
17% 
4% 

13% 
14% 

13% 
7% 
7% 
8% 

5% 
9% 
8% 
8% 
8% 
14% 

22% 
14% 
14% 
11% 
14% 

13% 
11% 

9% 
13% 
6% 
13% 
12% 
17% 

9% 
10% 
11% 

9% 
10% 
12% 
11% 

1994-1997 
24% 
31% 
23% 
27% 
26% 
47% 
35% 
37% 
39% 
43% 
31% 
32% 

31% 

Implementation of appropriations for the Community Initiatives as a whole 

Implementation  of  appropriations  for  the Community  Initiatives  is  well  below  the rate  for the 
CSFs/SPDs; the situation with regard to cornmitment appropriations in 1997 was less good than it had 
been in 1996 (61% of the appropriations available for the year were used as compared  with 94%  in 
1996)  although  that  for  payment  appropriations  was slightly  better  (90%  of  the  appropriations 
available for the year were used as compared  with 80% in 1996). However, the substantial delays in 
adopting and starting programmes in 1994 and  1995 made it impossible to reach a satisfactory  rate of 
implementation.  After  four  years, total  commitments for 1994-97 amount to 56% of assistance and 
payments for only 31%. 

In many cases, these delays in implementation are the result either of the late approval of programmes 
or of specific  problems in certain Community Initiatives, such as, for example, the partnership in the 
case of Urban  and Interreg II or the  very  specific  measures  under  the SMEs  Community Initiative. 
However,  some  Member  States  believe  that  they  will  be able  to use the appropriations  available 
quickly. 

The Comrnission  also entered  into discussions  with the Member  States on ways of reprogramming 
financial  resources,  either  between  measures  within  the same  programme  or between  programmes 
within an Initiative. Any reallocations among Initiatives can be considered  only in the light of these 
discussions. 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

45 

Commitments/total  assistance 

Payments/total assistance 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

The  situation  also  varies  very  considerably  from  one  Initiative  to  another.  The  commitment  rates  for 
those dealing  with  the conversion  of industrial  areas (Rechar II, Retex, Résider H, Konver)  and  Pesca 
are fairly  satisfactory,  ranging  from  79% to 89% of total  assistance  for  the period  1994-99. However, 
this is mainly because the bulk of these Community  Initiatives result in a single commitment  when the 
programmes  are  approved.  By  contrast,  at  40%  to  54%  of  total  assistance,  implementation  of 
commitments  is  much  lower  in  the  case  of  the  Adapt,  Employment,  Leader,  SMEs  and  Interreg 
Initiatives.  With  31%  of  assistance  paid  at  the  end  of  1997, the  situation  with  regard  to payments  is 
slightly  better  than  in  1996 (20%) but  is still too low, being particularly  weak  in the cases  of  Leader 
(only  23%)  and  Adapt  (24%). The  rate  for  the  industrial  conversion  Initiatives  is,  however  slightly 
more satisfactory  (between  37% and 47% of assistance for the period). 

Small firms and transnational  cooperation 

The  SMEs Community  Initiative  contains ECU 25 million  for  transnational  measures  across  Member 
States. Three types of measure have been  launched: 

• 

small firms in tourism and the Internet: the Pmetour  programme 
Compared  with large firms,  small firms  are severely  handicapped  in their access to and use of the 
information  superhighway,  particularly  the  Internet,  and  so  need  special  help  in  this  area.  The 
Commission  accordingly  launched the Pmetour measure to help small firms  engaged  in tourism in 
the  least  favoured  areas of the Union. Its aim is to establish  a coordinating  structure  at  European 
level  to provide  technical  assistance  to  some 40  regional  projects  and  involve  small  firms  in  the 
sector. Assistance  will be used  to help create web sites and establish  systems for  reservations  and 
direct  payments  through  the  Internet.  The  coordination  structure  began  work  in  April  1997. The 
selection  of  the regional  projects  took  some time but, by the end  of  1997, about  half  the  projects 
had begun  and the others should begin early in 1998. 

International  Buyers' Exhibitions (IBEX) 
These  exhibitions,  originally  begun  as  part  of  business  policy,  are  based  on  a desire  to  improve 
the  sub-contracting  position  of  small  firms.  The  idea  was then  taken  up as part  of  regional  policy 
and the SMEs Initiative  in the regions eligible. The exhibitions  are organised  over a period  of two 
to  three  days  and  bring  together  some  40  large  firms  and  350  to  400  small  firms.  Prearranged 
meetings  on  an  international  level  are  organised  between  the  large  firms  and  small  firms  on  the 
basis  of  needs  identified  by  the  large  firms  and  the  specific  abilities  of  the  small  firms  to  meet 
those  needs. Each  IBEX  concentrates  on  a different  sector  of  activity.  Under  its  business  policy, 
in  March  1997  the  Commission  supported  the  'Elmia  Food"  IBEX  at  Jônkôping  (Sweden)  on 
agri-foodstuffs  and  in  May  1998  "Vibex"  at  Gothenburg  (Sweden)  on  the  motor  vehicle  sector. 
During  1998, three  IBEXs will be held  under regional  policy  at Magdeburg, Germany, on energy, 
at Leon, Spain, on agri-foodstuffs  and at Libramont, Belgium, on the wood industry. 

46 

9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

•  Exchanges of experience and good  practice 

The  Commission  intends to organise  exchange  projects  so that  examples  of  good  practice  can  be 
circulated  among  small firms and  the  organisations  which  represent  them.  A detailed  analysis  of 
the  programmes  for  these  Initiatives  has  begun  to  identify  the  type  of  measures  to be  supported. 
The  results  will  be  used  to  develop  a  programme  for  the  exchange  of  experience  including 
seminars on cooperation and the development  of an Internet site. 

2.1.9. 

INNOVATIVE  MEASURES AND  TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE 

Each Fund  may finance  its own measures  for  studies, pilot  measures  or technical  assistance  up to the 
following  maximum percentages of annual funding:  ERDF  1.5%, EAGGF  1%, ESF 0.5%, FIFG 2%. 

Innovative measures under Article  10 of the ERDF Regulation: 

New projects adopted  in 1997: 
During  1997, 49 new pilot projects  or innovative measures were launched, accounting for  Community 
finance  totalling  ECU  100 million.  The  three  series  of  measures  concerned  are  urban  pilot  projects 
and  two  territorial  planning  programmes:  pilot  measures  and  Terra  (interregional  cooperation  on 
territorial  planning  in specific  fields).  The response  to calls  for  proposals  for  the urban  pilot  projects 
and  Terra  was  substantial  and  645  projects  were  submitted  (503  urban  projects  and  142  territorial 
planning projects). 

No open call  was issued  in respect of pilot planning  measures, which  are the result of a request  to the 
Member States to submit joint proposals. 

1. Urban  pilot projects 

Of the 503 new  urban pilot projects  submitted  in  1997, 26 were selected,  with  a total  budget  of ECU 
63.6 million. The projects were launched  in July at a seminar for project  managers to ensure that good 
project  monitoring  practice  was  in  place  from  the  start.  The  pilot  projects  are  intended  to  develop 
broad  partnerships  in  the  public  and  private  sectors  in  the  cities  concerned  and  to  provide  an 
integrated  and  innovative  approach  to  urban  problems.  The  subjects  of  the  measures  include  the 
integration  of  the  environment,  economic  and  social  measures,  the  use  of  new  technologies  for 
dealing  with  urban  problems,  equal  opportunities,  better  access,  the  development  of  cultural  assets 
and the restoration of rundown areas. 

Of the 33 first-phase urban pilot projects  undertaken  between  1989 and  1994, 20 had  been  completed 
by the end of  1997. 

2. Territorial  planning 

Progress was made in both types of territorial planning  projects: 

•  Terra: Following  a call for  proposals  in  1996, the  final  selection  provided  finance  totalling ECU 
20 million  for  15 pilot  projects  over  three  years  (five  of  these  projects  concern  river  basins,  four 
coastal areas, three endangered  cultural  assets, two rural areas to Which access is difficult  and one 
areas  threatened  by  erosion).  A  call  for  proposals  was  also  organised  to  provide  technical 
assistance  for  the  programme  (implementation,  monitoring  and  evaluation  of  the  projects 
selected). This assistance will be implemented  in 1998. 

•  Pilot measures for territorial  planning: At the seminar on 3 and 4 July  1996, the Member States 
were invited to submit joint proposals  for pilot projects  under Article  10 of the ERDF Regulation. 
The deadline  for  these proposals, originally  set  at  10 March  1997, was extended  at the request of 
the  Member  States.  The  four  pilot  measures  to  be  implemented  are  "Northern  periphery"  (DK, 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

47 

FIN, S, N), the Alps and eastern Alps (A, I, D), "Archi-Med" (the south-east Mediterranean - GR, 
I, Malta, Cyprus) and the "Mediterranean Gateway" (E, P, Morocco). 

Each pilot project  has funding  worth ECU 5 million out of ECU 20 million earmarked for innovative 
measures of this type under Article  10. The Commission  should adopt its assistance decisions during 
the first quarter of 1998. 

Innovative measures in progress 
In  addition  to  the  three  series  of  measures  adopted  in  1997,  some  200  other  innovative  projects 
financed  by the ERDF were implemented in the following fields: new sources of employment, culture 
and  the  heritage  (see  sections  6.6  and  6.7),  regional  innovation  strategies  (RIS),  the  transfer  of 
technology, the information  society (RISI) and external interregional cooperation (Ecos-Ouverture). 

Small firms and pilot projects 

Very many pilot projects, for example in technological innovation and the information  society, have a 
large component  concerned  with small firms. Two types of project  concerned  with innovation  have 
been developed (total budget: ECU 15 million): 

RIS (regional innovation strategies): 19 projects have been selected to expand capacity for innovation 
among regional firms by developing cooperation between the public and private sectors. For example, 
the  steering  committees  for  a  number  of  RIS  projects  such  as  Belgian  Limburg,  Yorkshire  and 
Humberside,  Strathclyde  and  Shannon  are chaired  by businessmen,  so enabling  these  management 
bodies to keep business concerns at the forefront  of their activities. 

RTT  (multiregional  technology  transfer  projects),  of  which  seven  were  selected,  are  intended  to 
reduce  imbalances  between  regions  and  encourage  interregional  cooperation  on  research  and 
development and innovation. For example, the Footwear project  is intended to adapt and demonstrate 
an Italian technology on the design and automated production of moulds and transfer it to small  firms 
in the footwear  sector in the Objective  1  regions of Spain, Portugal  and Greece. The Esteem project 
concerns the transfer of environmental production technologies to small firms in the United Kingdom, 
Greece, Germany and Finland. 

Measures concerning the information society (RISI) have two strands: 
RISI 1: encouraging partnership in preparing a regional action plan for the information  society among 
those  occupying  key  positions  in  a region,  and  RISI  2:  multiregional  pilot  projects.  A total  of  31 
projects  were selected,  of which 21 were financed  by the ERDF and  ten by the ESF. Multiregional 
measures, like Enterskillsnet,  seek to develop a network of small firms in rural areas including Tarn 
and Haute-Garonne, France; Andalusia, Spain; Etelà-Savo, Finland; Dublin and Lanford, Ireland, and 
Scotland. The Tourist measure concerns those invovled in tourism in Madeira, Portugal; Burgenland, 
Austria;  Lappi,  Finland;  Valle  d'Aosta,  Italy;  Vàsterbotten,  Sweden,  and  Hampshire,  United 
Kingdom. Most of the 22 RISI1 regional strategies address specific  issues related  to SME and have 
started regional working groups on SME which will develop inter-regional collaboration during 1998. 

The vast majority  of the 100 interregional projects (Recite and Ecos-Ouverture) now being negotiated 
pay considerable attention to small firms and at least one third of them seek to encourage innovation 
in such firms and an international outlook. 

48 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Partnership instruments for small  firms: 

Europartenariat - the partnership between firms in action 
Europartenariat, which is financed under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation and the third multiannual 
programme for SMEs, is intended to promote the economic development of regions eligible under the 
Structural Funds (Objectives  1, 2, 5(b) and 6) by stimulating transnational  cooperation  among small 
firms.  It is managed jointly  by the Commission  departments responsible for  business policy and for 
regional policy and cohesion and offers firms the opportunity to meet potential partners to discuss and 
negotiate cooperation agreements. 
Two such events were held in 1997, at Piraeus in Greece and in the French Massif Central: 
- Europartenariat  Greece (Piraeus, 23-24 June). 400 small firms from  Greece met  1 733 firms from 
over 60 countries, of which 758 came from within the Union, 37 from EFTA countries, 299 from the 
Mediterranean, 360 from the Phare countries, 200 from the Tacis countries, 64 from Asia and 12 from 
the United States. 11  336 meetings were organised. 
- Europartenariat France (Clermont-Ferrand,  16-17 October). 418 small firms from France met  1  750 
firms  from over 60 countries, of which 974 came from within the Union (including 333 from France), 
48 from  EFTA countries,  213 from  the Mediterranean,  201 from  the Phare countries,  138 from the 
Tacis  countries,  104  from  Asia,  34  from  Latin  America,  25  from  the  United  States  and  13  from 
Canada.  10 300  meetings  were  organised.  In  1998 Europartenariats  will  take  place  in  Apeldoorn, 
Netherlands (11-12 June) and Valencia, Spain (12-13 November). 

Measures financed under Article 10 of the ERDF Regulation (ECU million) 

Total funding* 
1995-99 

Commitments 
1997 

(1) 

Commitments 
1994-97 
(2) 

% 

(2V(1) 

Payments 
1997 

Payments 
1994-97 
(3) 

% 

(3V(D 

180,0 
110,0 
70,0 
90,0 
20,0 
20,0 
15,0 
15,0 
20,0 
45,0 
80,0 
395,0 

2,8 
2,8 
0,0 
43,7 
2,2 
13,2 
14,9 
11,3 
2,2 
14,3 
64,5 
125,3 

25,8 
9,8 
16,0 
64,6 
8,6 
17,0 
14,9 
15,2 
9,0 
28,3 
66,1 
184,8 

14% 
9% 
23% 
72V. 
43% 
85% 
99% 
102% 
45% 
63% 
83% 
47% 

9,1 
2,7 
6,4 
19,4 
2,4 
2,2 
5,9 
6,5 
2,4 

4,8 
22,8 
56,2 

13,8 
7,4 
6,4 
25,9 
'  5,0 
3,6 
5.9 
6,5 
4,8 
9,7 
22,9 
72,3 

8% 
7% 
9% 
29% 
25% 
18% 
40% 
43% 
24% 
22% 
29% 
18% 

Interregional cooperation 
• internal interregional cooperation 
- external interregional cooperation 
Regional development 
• promoting technological innovation 
- the information society 
- culture and economic development 
- new sources of employment 
- support and technical assistance 
Territorial planning 
Urban pilot projects 
Total 

'  1995 prices 

Technical assistance under Article 7 of the ERDF Regulation 

Under  Article  7,  the  ERDF  may  spend  up  to  0.5%  of  its  annual  funding  on  studies,  technical 
assistance and information.  In  1997, a large part of the funding  devoted to measures of this type was 
spent  on  technical  assistance  for  the  territorial  pacts  for  employment  (48% of  total  assistance  for 
1997).  Throughout  the  Union,  36  million  people  are  covered  by  the  territorial  employment  pacts. 
Assistance to the Business Innovation Centres (BICs) for the establishment and development of small 
firms  accounted  for 43% of the total and was spent on establishing new BICs in ten Member States. 
Conferences  and  seminars  (4%)  included  the  fourth  meeting  of  those  concerned  with  local 
development in Marseilles, the conference  on women in local development in Sardinia and a seminar 
on the exchange  of  experiences  of  the Structural  Funds  involving  Spain, Ireland  and  Italy. The 3% 
spent  on  information  measures  financed  a  stand  at  Expo  '98  in  Lisbon.  Studies  (2%)  included  a 
comparative study on job creation in an urban environment. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

49 

Local development  measures for small  firms 

22  new  Business  Innovation  Centres  (BICs)  were  set  up  in  10  Member  States,  so  enlarging  the 
European  network,  which  now  has  140 BICs  in the  areas  assisted  by the  Union  and  the  countries  of 
central Europe. Through their integrated  systems of services for the establishment  and development of 
innovative  firms,  the  Centres  encourage  innovation,  internationalisation  and  the  diversification  of 
productive  structures  within  the  Structural  Funds  and  engage  in  complementary  activity  within  the 
RIS, Europartenariats, territorial pacts and the Community  Initiatives. 

Measures for small firms in the territorial  pacts for employment 

Many  action  plans  stress  the  diversification  of  the  local  fabric  of  production,  the  establishment  of 
small  firms  and  the  promotion  of  regional  and  local  products.  The  pact  for  Molise  in  Italy,  for 
example,  provides  for  the  establishment  of  new  firms  in  the  agri-foodstuffs  and  tourism  sectors  and 
the  development  of  a quality  seal  for  regional  products.  In  Sicily  the  Alto  Belice  Corleonese  pact  is 
also based on an integrated  development  model based  on the typical products of the region. A  venture 
capital  fund  with  ECU  2.5  million  has  been  set  up  at  Clabecq  in  Belgium  for  the  establishment  and 
development  of small firms. 

Technical assistance  under Article 7 of the ERDF Regulation 

Commitments 
1997 

Commitments 
1994-97 

Payments 
1997 

Payments 
1994-97 

Preparation and monitoring 
Evaluation 
Regional studies 
Conferences, colloquia, seminars 
linformation and publicity 
Technical assistance and facilities 
TOTAL 
Excluding decommitments for measures in previous years 

20,1 
4,0 
0,3 
0,8 
6,2 
5,1 
36,4 

33,6 
5,4 
1,8 
3,5 
20,8 
15,3 
80,3 

7,5 
2,5 
0,5 
0,9 
5,7 
3,3 
20,4 

28,2 
11,8 
2,7 
3,4 
21,3 
13,8 
81,2 

Innovative  measures and technical assistance under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation 

New sources of  employment: 
1997 was a year which saw useful  exchanges of information  between the promoters of new sources of 
employment  and  the  Commission.  The  main  innovation  was  the  establishment  of  careful  monitoring 
of the pilot  measures  which  had  begun  in  1994 and  1995. The new  information  technologies  were of 
great  assistance  in promoting  communication  between  the Commission's  monitoring  unit  and  project 
promoters  on  the  spot.  This  instrument  also  encouraged  cooperation  among  promoters  at  an  early 
stage  will  permit  establishment  of  an  electronic  network.  By  the  end  of  1997,  all  but  two  of  the 
projects  launched  in  1996 had begun and the survey of "innovation" projects from  1994 and  1995 was 
completed.  The  results  of  this  survey  will  be  available  early  in  1998 and  will provide  material  for  a 
series of seminars to promote exchanges of experience between project  promoters, including  those  for 
the last projects  launched  in  1996. 
The  1997 call  for  proposals  resulted  in  955  submissions  of  which  70 were selected  for  more  detailed 
study. Two  thirds  of  projects  are  directly  concerned  with job  creation  by  developing  new  sources  of 
employment  or new types of firms while the rest concern  the reorganisation  of work or training. 

The social  dialogue 
Measures  part-financed  by  the  ESF  during  1997  enabled  the  main  European  federations  (European 
Trade  Union  Confederation  - ETUC,  Union  of  Industrial  and Employers' Confederations  of Europe  -
UNICE, Centre  of  Enterprises  with  Public  Participation  - ECPE)  to continue  training  representatives 
of  workers  and  employers  or  their  representatives.  This  training  provided  recipients  with  greater 

50 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

knowledge of  industrial  change and, in particular,  the  impact  of change  on employment,  skills and 
vocational qualifications  and on industrial relations. During the year the two-year training programme 
under the auspices of UNICE was completed. The annual programme submitted by ETUC comprised 
30 measures, most of which were concerned with the impact of the new technologies or new forms of 
work organisation  on employment,  training, qualifications  in  areas  such  as clean  technologies  (the 
environment), new  methods of production  and participative  management,  distance  working  and the 
organisation  of  work,  technological  developments  and  their  impact  on  the  organisation  of  work in 
telecommunications, etc. The ECPE's multiannual programmes on managing new forms of parity and 
territorial excellence in Europe are intended to embrace the quality approach in the social dialogue at 
territorial level. There was also an innovation at the regulatory level when Article 6 was extended to 
applicants  other  than the traditional  beneficiaries:  Yes for  Europe, the European  social dialogue on 
line,  the  Irish  productivity  centre  and  Dialco-Forco.  This  experimental  phase  paves  the  way  for  a 
further extension of the call for applications in 1998. 

Technical assistance from the ESF 
Technical  assistance  under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation  provided  support for 23 territorial pacts 
for employment  in which the ESF was the main partner (of which 22 were adopted in  1997) and for 
preparations for the launch of a second series of projects  for the Employment and Adapt Community 
Initiatives, the production of five special reports, the organisation of four major European conferences 
and the updating of the Internet site. 

Commitments 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1994-97 

1994 

1995 

(ECU million) 

Payments 
1996 

1997 

1994-97 

36,2 
Innovative measures, studies 
21,4 
Technical assistance 
57,6 
Total 
Including carryovers, appropriations reconstituted and decommitments 
Payments do not necessarily correspond to commitments for the same period 

22,3 
33,7 
56,1 

0,4 
61,9 
62,2 

31,0 
32,2 
63,2 

89,9 
149,2 
239,1 

0,2 
69,7 
69,8 

11,2 
45,5 
56,7 

18,6 
34,8 
53,3 

17,9 
26,3 
44,2 

47,8 
176,3 
224,1 

Innovative measures and technical assistance  under Article 8 of the EAGGF Guidance Section 
Regulation 

The  measures  financed  in  1997  under  Article  8  of  the  EAGGF  Guidance  Section  Regulation 
concerned  technical  assistance  for  implementation  of  eight  territorial  pacts  employment  in  the 
Objective 5(b) areas, work on rural indicators to support a rural development policy, the preparation 
of summary reports on interim evaluations of Objective 5(b) and a contract for the supply of services 
and equipment for communications information about Community policy on rural development. 

A call for  proposals  was issued  in September  1996 for  pilot  and  demonstration  projects  concerning 
innovative measures by women farmers  and women in the countryside. It was highly successful  with 
over 400 proposals being submitted in  1997. These include support for  and the promotion of women 
in the countryside and comprise innovative measures taken by women and women farmers to promote 
and develop agricultural production and for vocational retraining or diversification, measures to create 
jobs and advance social  and  vocational  integration,  training and  management  training measures and 
the development of networks for the sharing of know-how and experience. 

During 1997 a first examination of all the proposals was carried out to verify compliance with various 
conditions  laid  down  in  the call  for  proposals  and  the  experts  responsible  for  giving a decision on 
each  proposal  were  selected.  The  amount  of  work  generated  by  the  large  number  of  applications 
meant  that  this  task  could  not  be completed  by  the  end  of  1997. Project  selection  will  take  place 
during 1998. 

Many  of  the  projects  financed  have  been  inspected.  In  some cases, the  irregularities  detected  have 
resulted in recovery procedures being started. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

51 

Measures financed  under Article 8 of the EAGGF Regulation 

Commitments  Commitments 

1997 

1996-97 

Evaluation, monitoring, technical assistance and studies 
Pilot and demonstration projects 
Dissemination measures 
TOTAL 
Excluding commitments and decommitments in respect of measures in previous years 

1.620.802 
263.989 
3.431.084 
5.315.8751 

I 

2.344.009 
14.758.278 
3.431.084 
20.533.37T 

Innovative and technical assistance measures under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation 

The  measures  taken  in  1997  under  Article  4  of  the  FIFG  Regulation  concerned  mainly  the 
maintenance of a fleet register, technical assistance for rescaling the fleet, a study on consultation of 
the industry bodies and participation in Expo '98 in Lisbon. The total cost was ECU 2.1 million. 

Measures financed under Article 4 of the FIFG Regulation 

Commitments 
1997 

Commitments 
1994-96 

Commitments 
1994-97 

Payments 
1997 

Payments 
1994*96 

Payments 
1994-97 

Studies 
Publications, information and training 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 

893.697 
533.162 
697.174 
2.124.033 

4.027.736 
79.908 
3.449.962 
7.557.606 

4.921.433 
613.070 
4.147.136 
9.681.639 

426.965 
489.322 
1.709.881 
2.626.168 

2.766.949 
67.863 
1.022.906 
3.857.718 

3.193.914 
557.185 
2.732.787 
6.483.886 

Under  Article  4  of  the  FIFG  Regulation,  from  25  to  28  May  the  Commission  organised  the 
Casablanca  Partenariat  97  on  the  fishing  industry,  an  initial  encounter  in  partnership  between  the 
fishing industry in the Union and that in Morocco. The meeting, organised on the basis of cooperation 
projects  submitted  by  Moroccan  firms  in  the  sectoi  and  listed  in  a  catalogue  distributed  to  their 
European counterparts, resulted in almost 3 000 contacts between about  100 Moroccan firms and 300 
European ones. 

21 

y* Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

12. 

COUNTRY BY COUNTRY SURVEY 

2.2.1.  BELGIUM 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds bv Objective 

In Belgium, the breakdown between federal, regional and community areas of competence means that 
assistance from the Structural Funds for all Objectives is spread across a large number of operational 
programmes or SPDs. This is particularly true of the ESF, where only four programmes out of 21  top 
the ECU 40 million mark. 

Measures to assist small businesses in Belgium: 

The Funds'  contribution  to the development  of  SMEs under the regionalised  Objectives  can be put 
overall at around ECU 766 million for the current period, of which 63% is for Objective  1, 32% for 
Objective 2 and 5% for Objective 5(b). 

Objective  1: Three  venture-capital  funds  were  set  up  within  specialised  enterprises,  Sambrinvest, 
Hoccinvest  and  Invest  Borinage-Centre.  Half  of  the  capital  came  from  Invest  and  half  from 
SOWAGEP,  which  administers  the  funds  provided  by  the  Commission  as  part  of  the  scheme. 
Assistance  takes  the  form  of participations  in  equity,  loans  and  the  issue  of  convertible  bonds. To 
qualify, enterprises must be based in the districts covered by these "Invests" and not have the  official 
status of "businesses  in difficulty";  the assistance from each Fund may not result in the regional-aid 
ceiling  being  exceeded,  especially  in  combination  with  investment  premiums.  A  total  of  ECU 30 
million  was allocated,  with the ERDF supplying  50%. The national  contribution  of ECU 15 million 
was met by the "Invests" and there was no private participation. The crucial criterion for the selection 
of  projects  is  creating  jobs.  Innovative  projects  and  environmental  protection  are  further  factors 
influencing the choice. 

Objective 2: In Turnhout. a project involving sponsorship of SMEs by bigger enterprises has been in 
place  for  a  decade  or  so,  under  the  "Strategisch  plan  Kempen".  The  total  cost  of  the  project  is 
ECU 900 000,  with  an  ESF contribution  of  ECU 400 000. The  project  entails  putting  managers of 
major companies and SMEs in contact with each other at regular intervals (once a month), so they can 
exchange information  and advice and constitute a "support network". To date, some 700 enterprises 
have taken part in the project and  1 670 jobs have been created. 
In  Limburg.  a  multimedia  technology  and  innovation  centre  was  set  up.  Facilities  include  an 
auditorium  and  training,  demonstration  and  lecture  rooms. Inter alia the  centre  conducts  research 
work under contract  with an eye to SMEs and  larger companies, as well as demonstration  projects. 
The  impact  on  employment  at  the  end  of  1997  was  9.5  full-time  equivalent  jobs,  which  should 
increase in later years. 

Objectives 3 and 4: Training of workers to cope with industrial and organisational change enhances 
the  capacity  of  SMEs  and  workers  to  adapt.  Other  measures  seek  to  bolster  human  resources  in 
research centres interfacing with local SMEs. 

Objective  5(b):  In  Flanders,  measures  to  assist  SMEs  mainly  involve  establishing  a  coordination 
centre, providing support for enterprises as regards the environment and an environmental evaluation 
of  enterprises.  In  Wallonia.  specific  aid  for  productive  investments  creating  jobs  functions 
satisfactorily,  in  view  of  the  fact  that  the  job  creation  objectives  have  been  exceeded  (177 jobs 
created). 

. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

53 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Only  one  region  is eligible  under  Objective  1, namely  Hainaut.  1997  witnessed  the  strengthening  of 
the measure  to help  set  up enterprises  employing  over  20 staff,  and  the concomitant  abandonment  of 
certain  projects  which  cannot  be  carried  out  during  the  present  programming  period  and  of  other 
projects  deemed  of  lesser  value  for  regional  development.  At the  same  time, the criteria  for  granting 
aid were made stricter in order to concentrate on frontier  technology and high value-added  sectors. 

Several  projects  of  a significant  amount  (in  particular  the  Crachet  science  park  and  the Eau  d'Heure 
project)  were approved  in  1997. The economic  stimulation  measure was reviewed  in partnership  with 
the  regional  authorities  in  order  to  underscore  the effects  for  SMEs  and  to respond  better  to  demand 
from enterprises  in Hainaut. 

In  the  human  resources  field,  the  measures  are  based  on  four  priorities,  i.e.  training  measures  in 
existing  firms  or  companies  being  set  up;  vocational  training  of  unemployed  and  young  people  to 
facilitate  their access to the labour market; social and professional  integration measures ("pathways  to 
integration");  strengthening  and  improving  educational  and  teaching  systems.  A  total  of  36 500 
people benefited  under these measures in  1997. 

Experimental  agricultural  measures  resulted  in  the  financing  of  unusual  projects,  such  as  the 
processing of flax, applied  research  into potatoes, and  so on. However,  in their financial  management 
there  were  some  delays  in  transmission  connected  with  national  administrative  procedures,  as  the 
local  authorities  received  no payments  in  1997. Nevertheless, the EAGGF  section  of  the  Objective 1 
SPD for  Belgium accounts  for  only  a small percentage  (less than  7%)  of the total  and  more  than  half 
of  the  appropriations  go  towards  "horizontal"  measures  (Regulations  (EEC)  Nos 2328/91  and 
866/90), plus some rural development  measures. 

Progress in implementation  was particularly  sluggish for the measure relating to fisheries  (0.1%  of the 
total). This  is explained  in  part  by  the  fact  that  the  budget  for  the  measure  was  tripled  in  mid-1996, 
following  a  transfer  of  Community  assistance  from  the  EAGGF  to  the  FTFG  at  the  request  of  the 
Hainaut authorities. Projects  eligible for financing  using the additional funds  have not been  submitted 
to date. 

The  mid-term  evaluation  allowed  certain  programming  options  to  be  adjusted,  with  the  result  in 
particular  that  aid to enterprises  was stepped  up (in particular  under  the ACE measure). According  to 
the evaluation,  assistance  in the human  resources field was generally  successful,  with  positive  impact 
on the area concerned. 

Overall, the measures  undertaken  suggest  that around  8 000 jobs  will  have been  created  by the end of 
the programming period. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

Four  areas  are  eligible  under  Objective  2,  namely  Meuse-Vesdre  (Liège),  Aubange,  Limburg  and 
Turnhout.  1997 saw  the  launching  of  the new  SPDs for  1997-99 and  the  winding-up  of  the  SPDs  for 
1994-96. Though  the  four  SPDs  for  1994-96  were  concluded,  not  all  appropriations  had  been  used 
during the first period,  so the authorities  made transfers  to  1997-99 in the case  of  the  SPDs for  Liège 
(ECU 9.6 million transferred), Limburg (ECU  13.5 million) and Turnhout  (ECU 5.6 million). 

In the main, the development  strategies  applied  in the first period  were continued.  However,  some, at 
times  substantial,  changes  were  made  during  the  partnership  negotiations:  in  the  SPD  for  Liège,  for 
instance,  the  measure  to  support  productive  investments  was  strengthened  along  the  lines  of 
Objective  1;  in  the  SPD  for  Aubange,  the  proposed  strategy  seeks  to  integrate  large,  recently 
established  enterprises  more  fully  into  the  economic  fabric  of  the  area  by  stimulating  relations 
between  enterprises  concerning  subcontracting,  R&TD,  logistics  and  external  services;  in  the  SPDs 
for Limburg and Turnhout, a new measure has been introduced  for  local employment  initiatives. 

54 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

In the human resources field, 7 500 people have followed  training under the SPD for Liège, 7 000 in 
the case of Limburg and 2 400 in Turnhout. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

In  1997, some 65 000 people (outside Hainaut,  which  is eligible  under Objective  1) benefited  from 
training,  vocational  guidance  or  reintegration  measures  under  Objective 3.  This  is  a  remarkable 
number of beneficiaries, given the budgetary constraints and the fact  that measures part-financed  by 
the ESF give priority to the least-favoured  groups (young people with no qualifications,  elderly and 
long-term unemployed, etc.) and form part of the pathways to integration. Objective 3 in Belgium, for 
example, places the foremost  importance on the concept of "pathways to integration" adapted to the 
beneficiary  as an individual and to partnership between the various sponsors. Its application  therefore 
calls for close cooperation between the (public or private) sponsors and the authorities. 

Integration  of  unemployed young people  in Wallonia: Under the new strategy  introduced by the 
Walloon  Ministry  of Housing and drawing on aid  from  the ESF, various districts  work together to 
create jobs for  unemployed young people with few or no qualifications.  Local communities are thus 
made  more  aware  of  their  potential  to  create  and  supply  jobs.  The  idea  is  not  only  to  provide 
vocational training for young people "but also to make them into responsible citizens. They are given 
training lasting a year, which combines general  education  and basic skills, in particular in building, 
joinery and decoration. 

As in the case of Objective 3, implementation  of Objective 4 fell  behind  schedule as a result of the 
large number of authorities responsible. The programmes only really got going in 1996. In 1997, some 
11 000 employees of SMEs (outside  Hainaut) received  training, despite the difficulties  encountered 
with  the  Flemish  Community  programme.  Nevertheless,  there  is  some  hope  that  the  programme, 
which  has fallen  behind  in implementation,  will  also be  up and  running  soon  and  that  the regional 
authorities responsible will make the considerable effort  required. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 

Implementation  of  the  SPDs  for  the  Flemish  and  Walloon  Regions  is progressing  satisfactorily  as 
regards aid for the processing of agricultural and forestry  products. In  1997, aid focused  on potatoes, 
fruit  and  vegetables, meat and forestry  products  in Wallonia,  and  meat, eggs and poultry, fruit  and 
vegetables  in  Flanders.  As  a  result  of  developments  on  the  agricultural  markets,  the  SPDs  were 
adjusted  in  1997. Most  projects  are  innovative  and  environmentally  friendly.  As  for  measures  to 
improve the efficiency  of agricultural structures, the Commission approved the new Walloon Region 
legislation applying those measures, including compensatory allowances for natural handicaps. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) - fisheries 

The main feature  of implementation  in  1997 was a rise in investments. This tendency is particularly 
evident in processing and marketing, where appropriations committed were more than twice what they 
were in 1994-96. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

In Wallonia, efforts  undertaken in  1996 to improve implementation of the Objective 5(b) SPD by the 
regional authorities and their partners on the ground were continued in 1997. These efforts are bearing 
fruit  since commitment of Community appropriations has risen to 47% and the funds  allocated to the 
Walloon Region appear to have actually been passed on to the final beneficiaries within a satisfactory 
time  scale.  In  Flanders,  the  two  programmes  (Meetjesland  and  Westhoek)  stress  the  integrated 
approach to rural development. Maintaining and increasing employment are major priorities. Tourism 
is viewed  as a primary  lever for  development,  but  the  provision  of  facilities  for  enterprises  is also 
emphasised.  The two Monitoring Committees  found  that,  leaving  aside purely  agricultural  projects, 
progress has been relatively slow. This slowness is largely due to the Flemish Government's problems 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

S5 

with  part-financing.  In  Westhoek,  only  the  1994  budget  was  committed  for  all  three  Funds;  in 
Meetjesland  the  1995  budget  for  the  EAGGF  has  been  committed.  Only  the  first  instalment  of 
Community contributions  for  1994 has been paid. A series of proposed  changes to programmes has 
been submitted. The Commission appreciates the need to amend the SPDs on the basis of the interim 
evaluation reports. 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

Belgium takes part in all the Community Initiatives with the exception  of Regis. The four  Leader II 
programmes  pending  were finally  approved  in  1997, and progress  is already  satisfactory  for  two of 
them (Hainaut  and Wallonia). The regional  authorities have endeavoured  to catch  up by calling for 
local action groups to come forward  on the basis of an application  drawn up and coordinated by the 
Wallonia Rural Foundation. In Flanders, no local action groups had yet been designated at the end of 
1997. 

Overall, the Community Initiatives for industrial conversion (Konver, Résider H, Retex and Rechar H) 
are making satisfactory  progress. In 1997 the Monitoring Committee for the Rechar II programme for 
Flanders decided to allocate resources made available from the reserve and through indexation to the 
measures  for  physical  infrastructure  and for  social  infrastructure  in  mining  towns. The  Monitoring 
Committee for the Retex  1995-97 programme for Westhoek was set up only at the end of  1997, which 
means that the first projects under that Initiative were not approved until the end of  1997. At the end 
of  1997,  the  Monitoring  Committee  decided  to  allocate  the  reserve  and  the  sum  made  available 
through indexation to the programme and requested it be extended to the end of 1999. 

Innovative  Community  Initiatives  like  SME  and  Urban  are  coming  up  against  difficulties  of 
implementation  due  to the type of  measures, which  has  induced  the Walloon  Region  authorities  to 
submit reprogramming proposals following the allocation of the reserve. 

The situation regarding the Community human resources Initiatives is as follows: the second series of 
projects  for Employment were selected in  1997. In Flanders, 49 projects  were selected and launched 
in  1997. The  sponsors  vary  considerably,  while  the  measures  mostly  relate  to  training.  In  1997, 
136 projects were approved for the French- and German-speaking communities. In the case of Adapt, 
43 projects  relating  to textiles, electrical  engineering,  the  environment,  construction,  transport, and 
tourism were selected in Flanders. Priorities continue to be innovation and the participation of SMEs. 
The sponsors also vary widely. In Wallonia, 55 projects were approved for the French- and German-
speaking communities. Regional priorities are improvement  in qualifications,  competitiveness among 
enterprises, the environment and job creation. 

As  for  as  the  Pesca  Initiative,  the  projects  considered  in  1996  were  implemented  in  1997. The 
programme is now well known to the potential beneficiaries  and new projects have been submitted. 

56 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.2.  DENMARK 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses 

The contribution  of the Funds to measures for  small firms under the regionalised  Objectives during 
the current period totals'about ECU 223 million, 43% for Objective 2 and 57% for Objective 5(b). 

Under Objective  2, for example, a project  ('Nordjysk  innovation')  has been  set up in North Jutland 
bringing together the Novi science park, the University of Aalborg and two technological  information 
centres  in  the  region  to promote  innovation  in  local firms through  closer  networking  of  university 
science  staff  and  small firms. The  measures  include  the  establishment  of  a  secretariat  to  link  the 
university  and firms, the setting  up of a database on the research needs of firms and  a database on 
scientific results. The total cost of the operation is ECU 2.7 million, of which the ERDF will pay half. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

The two new programmes for  1997-99 (Lolland and North Jutland), for which the Funds will provide 
ECU 68.2 million, were adopted in  1997. The results of the mid-term evaluation guided  work on the 
new programmes: 

The programme for Lolland, to which the Funds will contribute ECU 13.8 million, aims to expand the 
development  base of firms', to maintain and increase the number of short- and long-term jobs and to 
raise the total income of the region. It is expected that some 230 jobs will be created or maintained in 
the short-term  and 600 in the long-term. Furthermore, some 740 people  should  take part  in training 
measures. Not all the funds  for the  1994-96 programme could be used and ECU 2.7 million (28%  of 
the original funding) was transferred  to 1997-99. 

The programme for North Jutland, to which the Funds will contribute ECU 54.4 million, is intended 
to improve the conditions for growth for firms in the region and so maintain or increase the number of 
jobs. To do so, the programme will increase the ability of firms to cope with international competition 
through  innovation,  improvements  in  skills,  better  education  and  infrastructure.  It  is  expected  that 
some 2 100 jobs will be created and some 5 000 people should benefit from training measures. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

Implementation  of  Objective  3  was  satisfactory  in  1997  and  the  mid-term  review  of  programmes 
found its measures to be appropriate. It also found that the reduction in the unemployment rate among 
young people  and  national  measures  to combat  unemployment  among young people  meant  that the 
priorities  of  Objective  3  could  be  redirected  towards  those  aged  over  25.  Longer-term  training 
measures were also advocated. 

Objective 4 was also subject  to an evaluation, which found  that implementation  was satisfactory  but 
also proposed closer integration between the priorities of each project and its innovative content. The 
evaluation  found  that  most  projects  concerned  small firms. It  also  concluded  that  two  priorities, 
vocational training, advice and guidance and the improvement and development of vocational training 
systems are strongly driven by organisational and technological changes. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

Most  of  the  ECU  103  million  of  Community  assistance  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  agricultural 
structures  in  1994-99 is going to investments, followed  by installation  aid and investment  by young 
farmers.  In  1997  Denmark  proposed  for  the  first  time  a  list  of  areas  regarded  as  disadvantaged. 
Farmers  on  30  small  islands  whose  production  costs  are  sharply  raised  by  distance  and  with low 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

57_ 

incomes from farming will receive compensatory allowances from the EAGGF totalling ECU 250 000 
per year from 1998. 

Aid for the processing  and marketing of agricultural  products under Regulation  (EC) No 951/97 was 
implemented  successfully.  By the end of  1997,  104 projects  had  been  approved,  mostly  in the meat 
(52),  milk  and  milk  products  (20)  and  fruit  and  vegetables  (10)  sectors.  By  that  date,  73  of  these 
projects  had been completed and 70% of  the EAGGF contribution  to these  projects  for  1994-99 had 
been committed. 

OBJECTIVE  5(a)  fisheries 

A  socio-economic  measure  on the  early  retirement  of fishermen was  included  in  the  programme in 
1997. The measure will be financed partly through the indexation mechanism. This brings the revised 
total  of  assistance  from the FIFG to ECU  142.5  million.  During  1997,  use  of  funds  was particularly 
high  in areas  where  assistance  was provided  for  the  measures  for  processing  and the  adjustment  of 
fishing  capacity. The second advance for  1996 was committed in  1997 and the final payment for 1995 
was  transferred  to  Denmark.  The  Monitoring  Committee  for  Objective  5(a)  fisheries  discussed  the 
mid-term evaluation report, as a result of which the Danish authorities will  propose a redistribution of 
amounts for assistance in the course of  1998. 

OBJECTIVE  5(b) 

The  main goals  in Denmark are the creation  and preservation  of  permanent jobs  and raising income 
levels,  while  taking  account  of  environmental  factors.  The  mid-term  evaluation  showed  that,  in 
general,  the progress  of programmes  was  satisfactory  in  view  of  the  late  start to implementation. In 
line  with  the assessor's  recommendations,  the  Monitoring  Committee  decided  at its meeting  in June 
1997 to improve implementation  of the measures which were furthest  behind schedule and look at the 
need for changes in the structure of programmes in 1998. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

Denmark  is concerned  by only one of  the industrial  conversion  Initiatives,  Konver. This programme 
was closed at the end of 1997. 

A new decision on one of the three Interreg IIA crossborder programmes with Germany was taken in 
September  1997. Changes in the programme increased the area covered in Germany (Kreis Plon). The 
Interreg  II A  programme  with  Sweden  (Ôresund) got  off  to  a  slow  start  in  terms  of  commitments, 
mainly  because  of  the establishment  of  a new  administrative  body  for  the two  countries.  Since then 
140 projects  have  been  submitted. This  region  is  also  designated  as  a  'model  region'  in one  of  the 
territorial  pacts  for  employment.  There  will  be  a  mid-term  evaluation  of  all  the  Interreg  II  A 
programmes in 1998. 

The  SMEs  Initiative,  which  covers  the  areas  eligible  under  Objectives  2  and  5(b),  was  slightly 
adjusted  in  1997  to bring it into line  with a new  project  for national  aid  to businessmen.  The SMEs 
Initiative  should  improve the survival  rate of firms, increase  skills  among  businessmen  and improve 
employment through the creation of new jobs. Every year  16 000 new firms are set up, of which 10% 
fail.  The  SMEs  programme  should  reduce  this  to  6%.  The  Objective  2  Monitoring  Committee  for 
Lolland has become the Monitoring Committee for the SMEs programme. 

The  two  Interreg  II  C  crossborder  programmes  (Baltic  Sea  and  North  Sea)  were  approved  in 
December  1997. The secretariat for the Baltic Sea programme is at Rostock in Germany while that for 
the North Sea programme is at Viborg in Denmark. 

38 Adapt projects and 29 Employment projects for human resources have been subsequently selected. 
Most will be concluded at the end of  1998. A second series of projects (60 under Adapt and 40 under 
Employment) was selected at the beginning of this year and they too will finish at the end of the year. 

58 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

The priorities of these projects are the establishment of firms by women, the expansion of knowledge 
of  information  technologies  for the handicapped, the creation of links between compulsory education 
and  training,  support  for  small  firms  and  the  changing  jobs  project.  Project  promoters  are  mainly 
private  vocational  training  establishments.  The  dissemination  of  good  practice  will  be  implemented 
mainly through a specific  Nordic project during 1998. 

The Danish Leader II programme was adopted in June  1996 with the long-term goal  of ensuring that 
the areas remain active, populated and viable.  During  1997 the development  leaders  were appointed, 
some  projects  for  the  acquisition  of  skills  were  launched  and  a  start  made  on  the  promotion  of 
activities. 

By the end of  1997 70% of the investment approved under Pesca had been made. The programme will 
be adjusted in 1998 to include the reserve, which will bring the total contribution of the Funds to ECU 
20 million at 1998 prices. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

59 

2.2.3.  GERMANY 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

The priorities  for  1997  were  the  mid-term evaluation  of  assistance  from  the Funds, the  adoption  and 
implementation  of the new Objective  2 programmes  for  1997-99 and the  launch of the nine  territorial 
employment pacts. 

Measures to assist small  businesses in Germany 

The  total  contribution  by  the  Structural  Funds  in  1994-99  to  measures  for  small  firms  under  the 
regionalised  Objectives  is about ECU 6.9 billion, 86% for Objective  1, 7% for  Objective  2 and 7% for 
Objective 5(b). 

Objective  1:  The  Objective  1 programmes  (new  Lander)  include  substantial  assistance  for  small 
firms. In  1994-99, about 30% of the resources of the ERDF will go to measures to promote  investment 
in such firms or to develop services for them. 

For example, a small firm was established  in Saxony-Anhalt  to make non-woven  materials  for babies' 
nappies.  An  entirely  new  procedure  was  used  and  22  permanent jobs  were  created.  In  Brandenburg 
the ERDF part-financed  a technology  centre  and  business  nursery  which  will  be  used  by  small firms 
in  the  automation,  environment,  transport,  computer  and  communications  sectors.  In  eastern  Berlin, 
the  Funds  are  improving  the  conditions  under  which  small  firms  can  be  established  on  the  former 
industrial  site  at  Schôneweide.  The  derelict  industrial  land  on  Wilhelminehofstrasse  has  been 
restored.  A training  centre  primarily  for  the  handicapped  has  been  set  up  in Thuringia.  In  total,  over 
62  100 new jobs  will be created  in the Objective  1  regions in  1994-99. 

Objective  2:  Measures  for  small  firms,  which  already  occupied  a  substantial  place  in  earlier 
programmes,  have  been  further  enhanced  in  the  new  ones.  The  programme  for  Schleswig-Holstein. 
for  example,  includes  a  low-cost  business  area  for  small  firms  which  wish  to  set  up  there.  In  North 
Rhine-Westphalia,  a  materials  testing  centre  (HAPEG)  for  small  firms  in  the  areas  affected  by  the 
crisis  in the  steel  industry  has been  built  so that  they can carry  out technical  checks  on prototypes. In 
Hesse small firms received  loans of up to 50% extra to take on innovation assistants. The Rohloff  firm 
in  Kassel  manufactures  high-technology  bicycles  with  six  full-time  and  four  part-time  staff.  As  a 
result  of  taking  on  an  extra  engineer,  it received  an extra  ECU  27 000, half  of  which  came  from  the 
ERDF.  In  Saarland,  seven  small  firms  received  assistance  worth  about  ECU  1.4  million  under  the 
interest-rate  subsidy  programme. These firms (of  which  three already exist  and four  are being  set up) 
received  help  to  adapt  to  the  internal  market  in  Europe.  The  programme  is  restricted  to  small  firms 
which are being set up or beginning work. 

Objective  5(b):  Six  of  the  eight  regional  programmes  for  Germany  include  a  large  component  for 
small  firms.  They  contain  a  great  variety  of  measures  to  develop  businessmen's  skills,  provide 
adequate  infrastructure  for  small  firms  being  set  up,  offset  the  distance  to  their  main  markets  by 
supporting  new  telecommunications  technology  and  combine  the  marketing  efforts  of  small  firms 
with  research  and  development.  The  mid-term  evaluation  showed  that  these  measures  had  a 
considerable  impact on the development of small firms in rural areas. The report noted that in Bavaria 
measures to promote investment  by firms had resulted in the creation or preservation  of 7 400 jobs. 

OBJECTIVE  1 

The five new Lander and the eastern part of Berlin are eligible under Objective  1. The six priorities of 
the  CSF  (support  for  investment  in  infrastructure,  aid  for  small  firms,  research  and  technological 
development,  environmental  protection,  raising  skills  and  vocational  training  and  rural  development) 
continued  to be the goals in  1997. The amounts allocated  to technical assistance provided  part-finance 

60 

9th  Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (199 7) 

for  evaluation  of  the  CSF.  Berlin  also  commissioned  a  study  on  the  economic  interdependence  of 
Berlin and  Brandenburg. 

Since  the  beginning  of  the  1994-99  programming  period,  the  Structural  Funds  have  supported  some 
22 000 projects  and  107 000 new jobs  have been  created  and 230 000 preserved,  mainly  in the field of 
the promotion  of productive  investment  and  support  for  small  firms.  During  1997 the CSF  Monitoring 
Committee,  including  the  economic  and  social  partners,  met  twice,  in  Potsdam  and  Leipzig.  It 
allocated  the amounts  resulting from  indexation  (ECU  23.2  million) to the various Lander and  made a 
substantial  change  to  the  programme  for  Brandenburg  by  transferring  ECU  35  million  originally 
allocated  to  rural  development  to the  priority  for  research,  technological  development  and  innovation 
in order to set up a semi-conductors  institute  in  Frankfurt-an-der-Oder. 

During  1997  nine  major  projects  costing  ECU  50  million  each  were  submitted  to  the  Commission. 
They concern  the establishment  of multinational  companies  in Objective  1  regions  including  Daimler-
Benz  at  Henning,  Coca-Cola  at  Genshagen  and  the  computer  division  of  Deutsche  Telekom  in 
Magdeburg. 

The two territorial  employment  pacts for the Objective  1  regions (Chemnitz and Zeitz) began  in  1997. 

Measures  in agriculture,  including the construction  of modern,  productive  facilities  and  the  marketing 
and  treatment  of  agricultural  produce,  continued.  However,  because  the  unemployment  rate  is 
particularly  high, assistance from  the EAGGF Guidance  Section  was directed  mainly to the creation  of 
alternative work and  particular attention  was paid to the measures for direct marketing  and  agricultural 
tourism.  The  evaluation  reports  showed  that  these  measures  preserved  or  created  a  large  number  of 
jobs and confirmed  that the programmes were progressing  satisfactorily  as planned. 

Under  the  ESF  roughly  325  866,  mostly  disadvantaged  persons  participated  during  1997  in 
to 
qualification  and/or  employment  support  measures.  Thus  the  ESF  contributed  significantly 
enhancing  active  labour  market  policy  in the  new Lander  and  East-Berlin.  In this context  the  specific 
youth  training  initiative  (Gl-Ost)  was  continued  too.  The  ESF  participated  also  in  action  aimed  at 
boosting the human  potential  in research  and technological  development (RTD). 

A  new  RTD  project  which  started  at  the  Berlin-Buch  campus  is  designed  to  qualify  scientists  and 
technicians  in  modern  biomedicine  and  biotechnology  with  a  view  to  their  future  employment  in 
private  industry,  to  a  large  extent  SMEs.  This  project  is  likely  to  serve  as  a  model  for  other  RTD 
initiatives  in German  Objectif  1  regions. 

OBJECTIVE  2 

During  1997  nine  programmes  were  adopted  for  the  new  programming  period  1997-99.  Since  it  had 
not  proved  possible  to  implement  those  for  1994-96  in  full,  a  total  of  some  ECU  40  million  was 
transferred  to the new  period. 

The  following  programme  priorities  were  retained:  promoting  the  development  of  firms,  particularly 
small  firms,  promoting  new technologies  and  innovation, developing  infrastructure  and  environmental 
measures.  Extra  funds  were  provided  for  some  priorities,  such  as the  environment  in  Lower Saxony 
where  the  new  priority  of promoting  measures to  improve the  environment  was  introduced  to  provide 
financial support  so that small firms can  introduce environmentally-friendly  production  processes. 

Measures  to  promote  human  resources  development  to  which  the  ESF contributes  have  been  defined 
in  such  a  way  as  to  reinforce  the  above  development  priorities.  In  addition,  the  importance  of 
employment  aids  has  been  reinforced  in a  number  of  programs  with  a view  to  facilitate  thevocatinal 
integration  of formerly  unemployed  persons. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

61 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

The  number  of  those  taking  part  in  training  measures  during  1997  was  considerably  higher  than 
expected  and  most  came  from  the  ranks  of  the  long-term  unemployed.  While  combating 
unemployment among young people is not a priority at federal level, it is certainly part of the regional 
programmes for Objective 3. The mid-term review noted that ESF assistance had plugged certain gaps 
in  the  present  system  in  terms  of  both  quality  and  quantity.  Although  the  target  groups  were  far 
removed  from  the  labour  market, ESF assistance  had  often  produced  better  results  as measured by 
those returning to work than existing measures. 

A major  subject of discussions between the Commission and the federal  and regional authorities was 
reform  of  the  'employment  plan'  (Arbeitsforderungsgesetz)  as  the  main  vehicle  for  national  part-
finance. A  large  part  of  the  reform,  which  came  into  force  in  April  1997,  concerned  training  to 
improve  the  prospects  for  the  unemployed  to  find  work,  implemented  by  the  ESF  under  the 
'employment  plan-Plus'.  These  measures  were  subsequently  incorporated 
into  the  national 
programme. However, this reform should entail no particular difficulties,  despite the fears expressed 
by certain regions with regard to national part-financing  for ESF measures being charged to the much 
more limited regional or local budgets rather than to that of the federal Ministry of Employment. 

In  May  1996 the  SPD for  Objective  4  adopted  in  1994  for  1994-96  was  extended  to  1997-99. In 
November the Monitoring Committee considered a fresh  balance between national public and private 
contributions  (currently  60/40)  where  required  by  the  different  restrictions  in  the  financial 
management of the federal and regional authorities. It was also agreed to assist those establishing new 
SMEs  through  monitoring,  something  which  had  not  originally  been  planned.  The  mid-term 
evaluation showed that delays in starting programmes had subsequently been made up. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

About  55%  of  the  total  of  ECU  872  million  to  improve  agricultural  structures  is  used  to  pay 
compensatory  allowances  to farmers  in  less-favoured  areas,  which  account  for  50% of  the usable 
agricultural  area. These allowances are, in general, tending to decline since Germany has decided to 
gradually  switch  its allowances  to investment.  Some ECU  177 million  will  go to assistance  for the 
establishment of young farmers and ECU 147 million to investment in agricultural holdings. 

The  special  conditions  governing  investment  aid  in the new Lander under Article 40 of Regulation 
(EC) No 950/97 expired  on  1 January  1997. New rules  governing  aid  throughout  the country were 
included  in  the  German  programme  for  agricultural  investment  (Agrarinvestitionsforderprogramm 
1997-2000) at the end of 1996 to ensure uniform application. 

By the end of  1997, 328 projects for the processing and marketing of agricultural structures had been 
approved  and  152 closed.  Finance  went  mainly  to  the  fruit  and  vegetables,  meat,  milk  and  milk 
products  and flowers and  plants  sectors. New  sectors  were  added  to  some  programmes  during the 
year. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a)  fisheries 

By the end  of  1997 virtually all the investment planned  for  the first four  years  (1994-97) had been 
completed.  The  projects  which  have  not  yet  begun  but  for  which  the  national  authorities  have 
committed  matching  funds  suggest  that  implementation  in  1998 and  1999 will  also be in line with 
expectations. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

Despite the substantial budget reductions agreed on by the Lander in  1997, four out of eight of them 
asked for the  1998 instalment to be committed. The mid-term evaluation  suggest that the  successful 
financial  implementation  of the majority  of the programmes  is the result  of the fact  that the Lander 
eligible  under  Objective  5(b)  have  an  efficient  administrative  system.  However,  progress  in North 

62 

^ ^ ^ ^^ 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Rhine-Westphalia  and,  to  a  lesser  degree,  Saarland  is  considerably  weaker.  In  all  probability,  the 
funds available will be committed by the end of the programming period. Minor amendments to three 
programmes were made in 1997 and others will be discussed in 1998. 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

A total of 86 programmes are being implemented, of which three were adopted in 1997 (SMEs-IBEX, 
Urban  Zwickau  and  Urban  Kiel).  So too are  22 programmes  under  Interreg  II A and  II C,  four  of 
which (Rhine-Meuse, Baltic Sea, Adriatic-Danube and North Sea) were adopted in 1997. 

Some 56 amendments  were  made to programmes  during  1997. These  concerned  the  application  of 
indexation,  the  allocation  of  the  reserve,  the  extension  of  programmes  and  the  adjustment  of 
measures. 

The SMEs Community  Initiative provides a total  of about ECU  189 million  for  1994-99. The main 
measures implemented are in the sectors of the environment, energy, quality management and advice 
on foreign  trade. For example, in Mecklenburg-Western  Pomerania, a firm with a staff  of five which 
assembles  doors  and  windows  has  received  a  grant  to  improve  its  internal  organisation  and  cost 
management.  In  Saarland,  some  50  small firms have  been  encourage  to  follow  advice  on  quality 
management  to participate  in  a certification  scheme. This  measure  was  particularly  aimed  at  craft 
industries. 

The mid-term evaluation  of the SMEs, Résider II, Rechar H, Urban, Retex and Konver Initiatives in 
the Objective  1 regions  began  in  1997 and the results  will be available  in mid-1998. In the case of 
Interreg H, the evaluation  reports will be submitted  on various dates depending on the programmes. 
The mid-term evaluation  of  the Adapt  and Employment  Initiatives  show that  more people  received 
training  than  was  planned.  The  installation  of  the  transnational  partnerships  was  considered 
satisfactory. 

In the case of the first phase of the Employment Community Initiative (1994-97),  138 projects  were 
closed in 1997 and 105 are continuing in 1998. Of the 1 140 proposed for the second phase (1997-99), 
about  362 were selected,  mostly  in Italy, the United  Kingdom, Spain and France. The main groups 
concerned  by  these  measures  are  migrant  workers,  young  foreign  workers  and  the  mentally 
handicapped. 

Over 430 projects  were selected  under Adapt for  1997-99. About  80% of the firms concerned  have 
fewer  than 250 workers. The mid-term evaluation  suggests that Adapt should reach a total of  10 000 
to  11  000 small  firms. 

After  some initial  difficulties,  Leader II was successfully  implemented  during  1997. Experience has 
shown  that  it  is  primarily  innovative  projects  in  rural  areas  linked  with  acquisition  of  specialist 
knowledge which have the greatest impact. 

After  a difficult  start, the implementation of Pesca has speeded up. By the end of  1997, programmes 
were progressing satisfactorily  in Lower Saxony, Bremen and Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania while 
there were still delays in Schleswig-Holstein. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

63 

2.2.4.  GREECE 

1. 

The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 

OBJECTIVE 1 

The whole of Greece is eligible under Objective 1. 

Measures to assist small businesses in Greece 

The Structural Funds are making a considerable contribution to the development of small firms under 
Objective  1. Their  contribution  is expected  to  amount  to about  ECU  3.24  billion  over  the current 
period. 

The  national  programme  for  the  modernisation  of  industry  includes  a  specific  measure  for  the 
development  of  small firms, particularly  through  financial  engineering  and  assistance  to  improve 
competitiveness. Under the programme, for example, a global grant was made in 1997 to industrialists 
in Northern Greece. It is managed by a body which receives, assesses and examines applications from 
firms,  particularly in the Thessaloniki area, concerning new development measures in northern Greece 
or relating  to  the  opening  of  the  Greek  market  to the  countries  of  central  Europe,  particularly  the 
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria. 

In Crete the ERDF contributed ECU  1.7 million to support a science and technology park (STEP-C) 
costing  ECU  2.2  million  which  was  set  up  in  1993 by  members  of  one  of  the  best-known  Greek 
research  institutes  (FORTH).  The  purpose  of  this  new  science  park  is  to  make  the  know-how 
accumulated  by  universities  and  others  widely  available  in  order  to  establish  a  third  area  of 
development for the island alongside the traditional activities of agriculture and tourism. The park is 
managed by a small team of experts in a variety of scientific  and commercial fields. STEP-C is now 
cooperating  with a large number of public and private organisations and providing services to some 
twenty  member  firms  and  many  other  associate  members.  The  main  activities  represented  are 
information  technologies, micro-electronics with laser applications, prototypes of medical equipment, 
information  and remote networks and regional  industrial activities  such as ceramics and plastics. Its 
success has led to plans for a 15 ha extension. 

Most rural development measures to help small firms concern the agri-food  sector. From  1994 up to 
the  first  half  of  1997,  small  firms  submitted  421  projects  for  the  processing  and  marketing  of 
agricultural  products  representing  a  total  investment  of  ECU  384.5  million  (of  which  the EAGGF 
Guidance Section contributed ECU 148 million). 

The  last  mechanisms  for  implementing  assistance  were  completed  in  1997. ELKE  (the  agency  for 
attracting  investment  to  Greece)  and  the  agency  for  improving  the  management  of  regions  and 
ministries  began  work.  During  the  year  the  regions  achieved  better  preparation  through  the  use of 
technical specifications for each project. 

The agencies set up to implement the major projects continued their work, Egnatia S.À. for the east-
west road route, Attiko Metro for the extension of the Athens underground and Ktimatologio S.A. for 
the  establishment  of  the  Greek  land  registry.  Furthermore,  Ergose  S.A.  took  over  all  the 
documentation hitherto managed by the OSE state body on the modernisation and extension of the rail 
network in Greece. During  1997 the Greek authorities  invited  private  investors  to participate  in the 
completion  of  projects  concerning  the  motorway  network  and  a  call  for  tenders  for  a  private 
consultant to prepare the system of private concessions was published. Similar steps were taken with 
regard to the natural gas distribution system. A call for tenders issued by the Greek authorities should 
result  in  the  appointment  of  private  concession  holders  for  natural  gas  distribution  in  four  major 
cities, including Athens and Thessaloniki, in 1998. 

64 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

In  general,  programmes  made  satisfactory  progress  in  1997.  Only  one  programme,  the  national 
programme for the modernisation of the postal services, which had been adopted in 1995, failed to get 
started  since  it  required  the conditions  for  such  modernisation  to  be  met first. In  1997  the  Greek 
authorities  took  all  the  decisions  required  and  the  programme  will  begin  in  1998.  The  rate  of 
implementation of the sectoral programmes for energy and agriculture were particularly high, as were 
the regional programmes for Attiki and Epirus. 

It was not possible to allocate the deflator  for  1997 (the indexation mechanism) during the year but it 
will be approved during the first half of  1998. However, in October  1997 the Monitoring Committee 
for  the  CSF  took  important  decisions  increasing  or  reducing  the  ERDF  contribution  to  certain 
programmes. The programme for the development of road routes received an extra ECU 234.9 million 
in  public  expenditure,  of  which  ECU  141 million  will  come  from  the ERDF, the  rail  programme 
received an extra ECU 66.7 million in public expenditure, of which ECU 40 million will come from 
the ERDF, the  industry  programme  received  an extra  ECU 229.7 million  in public  expenditure, of 
which ECU 136 million will come from the ERDF and public expenditure on the tourism and culture 
programme was reduced by ECU 120 million, of which the ERDF's share is ECU 30 million. 

Assistance  from  the ESF for  the  human  resources  programmes, particularly  that  for  education  and 
basic  training,  had  to  take  account  of  the  reform  of  the  education  system  approved  by  the  Greek 
Government in 1997. The reform improves upper secondary education by introducing a single type of 
grammar  school,  increasing  the  number  of  training  places  for  students,  recruiting  new  teachers 
through  competitions  and  so  on.  1997  was  a  transitional  year  for  the  continuing  training  and 
promotion  of  employment  programme,  which  saw  the  preparation  of  reprogramming  and  the 
introduction  of  new  measures  in  line  with  political  priorities  at  national  and  Community  level. A 
national  certification  centre  was also established  to take  responsibility  for  all  certification  work in 
training centres. The programme to combat exclusion encountered a number of difficulties  in its early 
stages  as  a  result  of  its  innovative  approach  but  there  was  a  substantial  improvement  in  1997. A 
transitional  action  programme  costing  ECU  33  million  was  approved  and  implemented  by  some 
agencies. As a result of the mid-term review, a number of steps were taken such as activation of the 
'infrastructure  and  joint  services'  sub-programme  for  the  excluded.  Under  the  health  and  social 
security programme, ESF training complements material investment supported by the ERDF. The  first 
training  measures  began  in  autumn  1997. Despite  this  late  start,  the  initial  goals  will  probably  be 
achieved by the end of the programming period. 

The national programme for agricultural development is being implemented at a very satisfactory  rate 
(76% of assistance committed and 64% paid at the end of  1997) and the regional strand is around the 
average  for  the  Greek  OPs.  Funds  for  the  national  programme  were  again  increased  in  1997 by 
allocation of part of the deflator to meet new urgent needs. 

Reprogramming of the fisheries OP meant that all the 1996 instalment and 80% of that for  1997 could 
be paid. Implementation was best in the case of measures relating to adjustment of the fishing  effort. 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

As in the case of the CSF, progress in implementing the Community Initiatives  varied considerably. 
While the industrial conversion programmes (Résider H, Rechar H, Konver and particularly Retex) are 
proceeding  well, Urban  is well  behind  schedule  because  of  specific  features  of the measures  to be 
implemented, particularly in terms of the partnership. The Interreg II A external frontiers  programme 
concerning Bulgaria is now proceeding well while the crossborder programme with Italy, which was 
adopted  late, in  1997, should  be fully  operational  in  1998. The Interreg  II B Regen  programme on 
completing energy networks is almost fully  implemented. At the end of  1997, two new Interreg II C 
programmes, for drought and floods, still awaited adoption. 

The final phase of the first series of projects  under the two human resources Initiatives Employment 
and Adapt began in  1997. Commitments for the first phase total about 90% of the amounts available 
and  the  remaining  10% has  been  transferred  to  the  second  series, under  which  177 projects  were 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

selected  for  Employment  and  115  for  Adapt.  The  projects  selected  are  spread  equally  across  the 
territory.  Small  firms  are  participating  in  Adapt  to  a  greater  extent.  The  total  contribution  of  the 
private  sector  to  the  two  Initiatives  is  about  10%  of  the  total  budget.  Implementation  of  the 
Employment  and Adapt  programmes  has made  a large  number  of  employers  aware  of  the  need  for 
training within the target groups, particularly within small  firms. 

As  regards  rural  development  (Leader  II  CIP),  1997  saw  the  most  effective  Leader  action  groups 
begin  work.  For  the  remainder,  the  year  was  spent  examining  the  applications  of  the  various 
beneficiaries  and the appeals procedure for those applications  which had originally been rejected. By 
definition, investment in innovative areas under Leader is particularly directed at rural small  firms. 

Implementation  of  the  Pesca  Community  Initiative  was  satisfactory  with  98%  of  assistance 
committed. The first advances from the single instalment (42% of assistance) were also paid. 

66 

2.2.5.  SPAIN 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Spain  is concerned  by all the Objectives  except,  of  course, Objective  6. It  is the  main recipient of 
assistance  from  the  Structural  Funds  in  1994-99. The regions eligible  under  the  various  Objectives 
include 82% of its population. 

Measures to assist small businesses in Spain 

During  1994-99 the Funds will contribute under the regionalised Objectives a total of some ECU 2.3 
billion  for  the  development  of  small firms: 43% under  Objective  1, about  28% in  the  Objective  2 
areas and 29% under Objective  5(b). This total represents about 7.6% of the total allocation for that 
period to Spain under the Structural Funds. 

Objective  1: In Malaga in Andalusia the ERDF has been helping since  1992 to finance a technology 
park which is now home to over 40 firms (Community contribution of ECU 27.2 million to a total cost 
of about ECU 45.9 million). Newly established  small firms are located  in a business nursery which 
provides  shared  services.  Scientific  bodies  located  in  the  park  include  the  Andalusian  institute  for 
advanced  automation  and  robotics,  the  Andalusian  centre  for  documentation  on  standards  and 
manufacturing,  the  Andalusian  image  processing  institute  and  the regional  institute  for  millimetric 
waves. The medium-term aim of the park is to integrate itself into the productive fabric  of Andalusia 
and  further  afield,  principally  through  the  transfer  of  technology.  Hence  it  participates  in  several 
Community  programmes  and  European  networks  including  the  Sprint,  Leonardo  and  Adapt 
programmes and the Atlantic  Arc network. Furthermore, the Malaga technology park hosts the head 
office  of the International Association of Science Parks (IASP), which covers some 200 parks, 4 000 
firms  and  800  research  centres  throughout  the  world.  The  park  in  Malaga  also  provides  an 
experimental base for technological exchanges between Europe and North Africa. 

The programme  for  the region  of Murcia  includes a project  to improve the quality  of  training and 
planning  of  human  resources  in  small  firms  engaged  in  making  furniture  and  wood-working  by 
providing assistance  to an association  of firms in the sector. The initial  goal is develop a computer 
system to define  training  plans and  set up assessment  systems. The project  is aimed  at  small  firms 
with 20 to 40 workers. Those concerned have a full  range of skills backgrounds and special attention 
is being paid  to those with weak skills affected  by the introduction  of new technologies, those aged 
over 45 and women with poor vocational skills. 

Most of the assistance from the EAGGF Guidance section to small firms in agriculture forms part of 
the  programme  on  the  agri-foodstuffs  industry  and  structural  measures  in  agriculture.  This  is  a 
multiregional  programme  for  the  modernisation  of  agriculture  (structural  assistance  for  production) 
and the agri-foodstuffs  sector (support for  the processing and marketing of agricultural  products). It 
has substantial funding  (ECU 1.23 billion from the EAGGF Guidance section). 

Objective  2:  Near  Tarragona  in  Catalonia  the  ERDF  is  part-financing  a  testing  and  certification 
centre  for  the  motor  vehicle  industry  (IDIADA).  The  Community  is  providing  ECU  43.4  million 
towards the total cost of ECU 86.7 million. The centre is for use by vehicle builders and small  firms 
which act as sub-contractors  in this sector. It recently  acquired  a new complex including test tracks 
and  laboratories.  In  1995, of  the  245 firms which  are  clients  of  IDIADA,  48%  were  located  in 
Catalonia,  37% in the rest  of  Spain  and  15% from  elsewhere. The  staff  employed  rose from  23 in 
1990 to 120 in 1996. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

In Madrid the plan on assistance  and education  for  infants  is designed to update the knowledge and 
skills of those employed in the first stage of infant education (0-6 years) in the light of the reform of 
the  Spanish  education  system. The beneficiary  is the  Union  of  cooperatives  of  associated  work in 
Madrid (UCETAM). The training plan covers 20 small firms with a total staff  of 345 (an average of 
16 per  firm). 

Objectives 3 and 4: Assistance to small firms from the ESF is provided mainly through Objective 4. 
However, the mid-term evaluation found  that the original  aim of concentrating  80% of measures on 
small firms had not yet been achieved. However, participation by small firms is increasing and is now 
up to 50%. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Three  items  of  assistance  were  adopted  in  1997: a  global  grant  to Castile-Leon  to  stimulate  small 
firms in the area  (ECU 56.2 million  from  the ERDF), the general collector in Santander  Bay  major 
project  (ECU  17.7 million  from  the ERDF) and  the major  project  to construct  an  oil pipeline  from 
Cartagena to Puertollona (ECU 62.9 million from the ERDF). 

Excluding  these  three  items,  over  1997  as  a  whole  some  85% of  assistance  under  the  CSF  was 
committed.  The  most  active  Autonomous  Communities  in  terms  of  commitments  were  the  Canary 
Islands  (1st  programme),  Ceuta,  Castile-La  Mancha  (1st  and  2nd  programmes)  and  Valencia.  The 
highest  implementation  rates for payments were achieved  by Ceuta, Cantabria  (1st programme) and 
the Canary Islands (1st programme). 

The meeting of the CSF Monitoring Committee held on 4 December  1997 considered  the results of 
the  mid-term  assessment.  In general  terms, this  recommended  continuation  of  the  present  strategy, 
which it considered  in line with the needs of the regions. However, the Commission  representatives 
asked for further study of the environment, human resources and R&TD. 

The meeting also decided to introduce a new sub-priority on the information  society, to be open to all 
the Funds. A proposal to amend the financing plan for the CSF to take account of the comments of the 
mid-term  evaluation  and  the  Commission  guidelines  was  accordingly  presented.  This  amendment 
increases  the  priority  on  the  development  of  the  economic  fabric  while  reducing  the  resources 
allocated to the priorities for improving access and tourism. 

With regard to human resources, the mid-term evaluation proposed stepping up preventive measures, 
i.e. stronger measures for those threatened by long-term unemployment or at greatest risk of exclusion 
from  the  labour  market,  the  development  of  pathways  to  integration  by making  the  measures part-
financed  more  widely  applicable  and  improving  instruments  for  planning, management,  monitoring 
and evaluation by giving special attention to better coordination between assistance from  the various 
authorities. 

The  various  reprogrammings  concerning  agriculture  in  1997  meant  that  appropriations  could  be 
transferred  among certain programmes, mainly to that for  the agri-foodstuffs  industry  and structural 
measures  in agriculture  which received  an extra ECU  37 million. Implementation  of  appropriations 
from the EAGGF Guidance Section is about average for the Objective  1 programmes in Spain; 

OBJECTIVE 2 

As they had done for the programmes for  1994-96, the national authorities in Spain again followed a 
three-stage  administrative  procedure  (plan,  CSF,  OP)  for  the  programmes  for  1997-99.  The 
partnership  procedure  for  these  programmes  was  virtually  completed  in  1997.  On  12  June,  the 
Commission  adopted  the  CSF,  with  a  total  of  ECU  851.9  million  plus  about  ECU  145.5  million 
transferred  from 1994-96. 

68 

_ _ __ 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

The  priorities  in  the  programmes  adopted  for  1997-99  differed  substantially  from  those  for  the 
previous period: support for employment in firms became the main priority (almost 45% of assistance 
from  the  Funds)  and  support  for  research,  technology  and  innovation  also  emerged  as  a  separate 
priority (over  17% of assistance). The share allocated to the protection of the environment also grew 
substantially,  rising  from  4%  in  1994-96  to  12%.  The  new  programmes  also  introduced 
improvements,  particularly  the  better  integration  of  assistance  from  the  two Funds  concerned,  the 
ERDF and the ESF, in the areas concerned and the better use of the opportunities offered  by the ESF 
in terms of the quality of the measures part-financed  and the opening up of assistance from Fund to 
measures to improve the environment. 

The  programmes  were  adopted  during  1997,  with  the  exceptions  of  the  OPs  for  Madrid  and  the 
Basque Country and the multiregional  ESF programme, which  were adopted during the first half of 
1998. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

The  main  feature  of  the  work  of  the  ESF  with  regard  to  Objective  3  in  1997  was  the  mid-term 
evaluation of the OPs and the CSF. 

There are  11 OPs for Objective  3, of which four  (71% of the total amount) are managed by national 
bodies  while  the  remaining  seven  (29%  of  the  total  amount)  are  managed  by  the  Autonomous 
Communities (regions). 

The main emphasis is on the integration into working life of young people in search of a job (48% of 
the  total  amount).  In  general,  the  CSF concentrates  resources  on  better  access  and  improving  the 
quality  of  training  and  on  improving  integrated  forms  (sandwich  courses,  traineeships,  placement 
services). In view of labour market developments, stress is laid on vocational training in technology. 

Two meetings concerned with monitoring were held in 1997 and the partnership and the strategic role 
of  the  Monitoring  Committee  were  strengthened,  so  improving  the  monitoring  and  evaluation 
procedures. In view of the results  of  the mid-term  evaluation,  the Monitoring  Committee  approved 
amendments to programming in the light of the goals to be achieved, priorities and the Commission 
guidelines on the adjustment  of programmes. 

The results of the mid-term evaluation demonstrated that better teaching and training systems through 
the  introduction  of  new  provisions  constituted  a  substantial  improvement.  The  evaluation  report 
proposed increasing concentration on the most disadvantaged groups and improving the links between 
the measures and provisions for monitoring and evaluation. 

Implementation  of  appropriations  is  around  the  Community  average  although  the  situation  varies 
considerably  from  one OP to another.  Although  the  situations  in Navarre, the Basque  Country and 
Catalonia are satisfactory, this is not true elsewhere. 

In the case of Objective 4, entry into force  of the agreements on on-going training (1 January  1997) 
resulted in amendments to certain aspects of the SPD, the main ones being the change in the name of 
the programme and the opening up of the agreements to collectives  of independent workers and the 
agricultural  sector.  These  new collective  beneficiaries  will now  be regarded  as priority  groups  for 
Objective 4. 

The mid-term evaluation  resulted  in  some reorientations:  a redefinition  of the quantitative  goals of 
programming, revision of the list of jobs most likely to be affected  by industrial change, the direction 
of  ESF  assistance  to  the  priority  groups  in  the  programmes,  particularly  small  firms,  unqualified 
workers and women, improving the instruments for the management, monitoring and evaluation of the 
measures  receiving  part-finance  and  establishing  coordination  between  the  bodies  responsible  for 
managing funds allocated to on-going training. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

69 

The original aim of the programme, that 80% of measures should be concentrated on small firms, has 
not been  achieved. However, participation  in these measures  by such firms is growing  steadily and 
has now reached  50%. The target of  80% could be reached  by the following  means: an increase in 
anticipatory  measures by these firms to help them measure  the  impact  of industrial  change on their 
training  needs,  encouraging  the  introduction  of  support  structures,  increasing  cooperation  between 
small firms and  the  establishment  of  cooperation  networks  between  small firms and  large  ones to 
make best use of the results of training. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 

The rate of  implementation  of the SPD on aid for  the processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural and 
forestry  products in terms of commitments in  1995 and  1996 demonstrated  that this measure needed 
further  appropriations  from  the EAGGF Guidance  Section. The ECU 50 million  (at  1994 prices) so 
allocated corresponded to a reduction of the same amount in the funds for the measure to improve the 
efficiency  of agricultural structures. Following this transfer, the EAGGF's contribution to the SPD for 
1994-99  is  ECU  175 million.  In  1997 the  Spanish  authorities  approved  309  investments  entailing 
Community  assistance of ECU 49 million. Over 65% of investment concerns the meat and fruit  and 
vegetables  sectors. With regard  to the structures  of production,  priority  was given  to assistance  for 
investments  on  holdings,  followed  by  aid  to  the  most  disadvantaged  regions  and  aid  for  the 
establishment of young farmers. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) - fisheries 

Implementation  of  the  SPD continued  to  be  satisfactory.  By  the  end  of  1997  about  54% of  total 
appropriations  had  been  paid, of  which  80% came  from  the  1997 instalment.  About  40% of these 
payments had reached the final beneficiaries. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

The steady achievement of the physical and financial goals of the SPDs continued in 1997; by the end 
of the year about 63% of assistance had been committed  and 49% paid, well above the Community 
average for this Objective. 

To obtain  an overall  picture of achievements  in  1994-96, the Monitoring  Committees  looked  at the 
mid-term  evaluation  reports  and  proposed  amendments  to  certain  programmes  to  improve 
achievement of the development aims sought. 

The mid-term evaluation confirmed that the Objective 5(b) programmes are progressing  satsisfactorily 
and in accordance with the goals laid down. There are no grounds for looking again at programming; 
what is required  is structuring, awareness-raising and support, which will require in particular better 
monitoring. 

The decisions  of  the  Committees  (that  of  the Basque  Country  was  held  over  to  1998) covered the 
programming  of  the deflator  for  1997 (ECU 3.73 million  for  all  the regions, a number  of  transfers 
between Funds (resulting in a net reduction of ECU 130 000 for the EAGGF and an increase of ECU 
3.86 million for  the ERDF) and transfers  among priorities leading to transfers  to the  'infrastructure' 
and 'renovation of villages' priorities from those for  'economic diversification'  and  'the protection of 
the  environment.'  The  evaluation  studies  demonstrated  that  these  transfers  were  justified  by 
assistance  from  other  instruments  (aid  schemes  under  Leader  II  and  Rechar  II  and  environmental 
measures under the Cohesion Fund) whose impact could not be foreseen at the time of programming. 

70 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Each of the Initiatives is implemented through one or more operational programmes at national level 
with the exception of leader II which is implemented through  17 regional global grants. 

By the end of 1997 all the items of assistance had been adopted apart from those for the transnational 
Community  Initiative  Interreg  II C (the  national  OP for  drought  and  the  three  small  multiregional 
items on cooperation) and the second Urban programme. No reprogramming was approved in 1997. 

The only  new programme  adopted  in  1997 was  the  Konver  II Community  Initiative,  with  planned 
expenditure of ECU 49.5 million, of which ECU 23.8 million will come from  the ERDF. The initial 
programming made provision for some ten projects including a system for detecting forest fires and a 
maritime surveillance system (at San Fernando near Cadiz), the manufacture of wind power plants (at 
El Ferrol) and assistance for new small firms in the castings sector (at Trubia). 

In terms of human resources, some 1  319 projects under the Employment Initiative were selected from 
the  second  and final call  for  projects.  Projects  in the  Youthstart  strand  concentrate  on pathways to 
integration for young people, particularly those in run-down urban areas. Some 492 projects under the 
Adapt Community Initiative were selected from the second and final call for projects. There are many 
training  activities,  the  most  widely  selected  topics  being  adjustment  to  the  information  society, 
particularly in small firms, and improved training systems. 

The 105 local action groups (LAGs) under Leader II in the Objective  1  regions are implementing their 
rural innovation projects, which should improve programme implementation  which was still weak at 
the end of 1997. 

The Regis Initiative concerns the Canary Islands, one of the most remote regions. Implementation  is 
satisfactory. 

Implementation  of the Pesca Initiative for fisheries  is still weak but should improve following  recent 
reprogramming. 

Financial implementation of the Community Initiatives 

The overall rate of implementation of the Community Initiatives is still too low, as it is in most other 
Member  States.  The  backlogs  are  greatest  in  the  Urban,  Interreg  II  A  Spain-Portugal  and  SMEs 
Community Initiatives. 

•  Urban:  some  municipalities  have  experienced  start-up  difficulties  but  the  projects  are  clearly 
defined.  The  main  problems  arise from  accounting  rules  which prevent  the municipalities  from 
issuing calls for tenders if the funds are not available. The Spanish authorities consider that these 
backlogs may be made up in the coming months so that payments will reach a rate of 50% (27% 
at the end of 1997). 

• 

Interreg  II A:  the  reprogramming  exercise  to approve  new  crossborder  measures  was approved 
late. This should improve the commitment rate. 

•  SMEs: approved in  1996, this CD? was delayed by administrative changes in Spain. The Spanish 

authorities expect commitments to reach at least 66% by the end of 1998. 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

71 

2.2.6.  FRANCE 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds bv Objective 

Measures to assist small  businesses in France: 

The  contribution  of  the  Structural  Funds  to  the  development  of  small  businesses  under  the 
regionalised  Objectives  is estimated at ECU  1.3 billion altogether, comprising  13% under Objective  1, 
about 55% under Objective  2 and 32% under Objective 5(b). 

Objective 1: 
In  the  region  of  Nord/Pas-de-Calais.  for  example,  the  ERDF  has  financed  an  EBIC 
(European  Business  and  Innovation  Centre)  at the University  of Valenciennes,  to encourage  contacts 
between  universities  and  the small  business  sector,  which  often  seem to be  worlds  apart.  The centre, 
which  is  managed  and  run  by  a  team  of  young  women,  provides  a  forum  for  meeting  and  sharing 
between  business  bosses,  managers  and  university  research  workers  in  the  tertiary  sector  scientific 
disciplines  (industrial  economics,  tax  and  social  security  law, finance,  human  resource  management, 
etc.).  The  centre  organises  numerous  activities  such  as  talks,  visits  to  firms,  in-service  traineeships, 
training  courses  and  international  events,  and  for  most  of  its  services  it  can  tap  the  resources  of  a 
regional,  national  and  international  network  of  universities,  laboratories,  business  corporations, 
occupational  federations,  employers'  organisations,  technology  transfer  centres  etc.  The  estimated 
cost  of  the  operation  from  1995  to  1999  is  about  ECU 400 000,  with  the  ERDF  contributing 
ECU 215 000. 

Objective 2:  As  the  avowed  main  aim  of  all  the  SPDs  is  creating  and  safeguarding  jobs  in  the 
relevant  areas, they  all  include  measures  in  favour  of  SMEs. For  example,  the  "Pharma  Pare" in  the 
department  of  Eure  in  Upper  Normandy,  has  been  set  up  to  remedy  the  region's  deficiency  in  the 
pharmaceuticals  packaging  sector.  This  is  a small  (15  ha) business  park,  responding  to demand  from 
industrial  entrepreneurs  seeking premises  on a modest  scale with shared  services. The facilities  made 
available  in  the  first  stage  were  let  within  less  than  a year  to  five  firms,  and  works  are  now  getting 
under way on facilities  for  the installation  projects  being studied  for the second  stage. Jobs created  so 
far  total  120, with a further  130 expected  over five years. The ERDF is contributing  ECU 920 000 to 
this project,  which will have a total  volume of ECU 4.15 million. 

With  the  help  of  a  project  supported  by  the  ERDF  in  Languedoc-Roussillon.  a  small  firm  in  Ales, 
Richard  Ducros,  has  transformed  some  150  to  200  temporary  jobs  into  permanent  jobs.  The  firm 
carries  out  subcontracting  work  for  the  IBM  factory  in  Montpellier,  and  specialises  in  sheet 
metalwork  and  steel  engineering  structures.  When  IBM  transferred  most  of  its  production  to  the 
United  States,  Richard  Ducros  was  forced  to  redefine  its  subcontracting  policy.  The  project  in 
question  involved  developing  and  introducing  an  EDI  (electronic  data  interchange)  system  between 
Richard  Ducros,  IBM  (its  main  client),  and  its  own  regional  subcontractors  in  Ales  and  the  Béziers 
area.  The  whole  system,  from  the  terminals  in  the  workshop  to  the  Internet  transfer  of  plans  and 
orders, was up and running in record  time — about eight months — and the firm's  operations are now 
almost  wholly  dependent  on  it.  Thanks  to  this  system,  Richard  Ducros  is  IBM's  No  1  supplier 
worldwide  for  the goods  in its product  range. The EDI project  is the result  of exemplary  cooperation 
between  companies  and  regional  technological  resources.  The  total  volume  of  the  project  is  about 
ECU 540 000, including ECU  140 000 financed  by the ERDF. 

Alongside  the  classic  training  schemes  for  workers  from  industries  undergoing  conversion,  which 
continued  to be set up during  1997, the ESF is pursuing its effort  in the field of research. The measure 
to  reinforce  human  potential  for  research,  science  and  technology  under  the  SPD  for  Poitou-
Charentes.  on  which  ECU 265 000  was  spent  in  1997,  was  used  to  establish  contact  between  the 
University  of La Rochelle  and  businesses  in a range of  sectors  (leading  to over  110 person-to-person 
links). 

71 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

One example of a human-resources project is the scheme for craft trades in the Languedoc-Roussillon 
SPD.  Its  aim  is to help craftspeople  and  their  spouses  to get  to grips  with  all  aspects  of  business 
through personalised training in marketing, technology and management. 

Objectives  3  and  4:  The  importance  given  to  small  businesses  is  highlighted  by  both  of  these 
Objectives, especially in the SPD for Objective 4, where 73% of the projects involve firms with fewer 
than  250 employees. The  measures  include  back-up  for  the  preparation  of  applications;  assistance 
with human resource analysis and auditing, and  with developing  appropriate  strategies; consultancy 
on the  engineering  of  training;  employee  training,  including  management  training; development  of 
cooperation between small businesses through partnership projects involving several firms. By way of 
example,  there  is a  project  under  Objective  4  providing  basic  training  for  the  50 000  least-skilled 
workers in the food  industry, established  to respond  to growing demand  for  better qualifications  to 
cope  with  changes  in  technology  (automation),  economics  (pressure  of  large  supermarkets)  and 
culture  (new  products, quality  assurance). A multimedia  distance-learning  scheme has been  set up, 
with alternate periods of self-training and group learning with a trainer. The purpose of the scheme is 
to  enable  trainees  to  acquire  basic  general  knowledge,  and  to  develop  their  analytical,  logical-
reasoning  and  problem-solving  skills. These  are essential  prerequisites  for  any  course  leading  to a 
higher qualification, and for career development. 

Objective 5(b):  Assistance  for  non-agricultural  activities,  and  in  particular  for  small  firms,  is  a 
significant  aspect of Objective  5(b) programmes. Awarding authorities for these projects  are usually 
local authorities, syndicates of municipalities  or chambers of commerce and industry. The measures 
owe  much  of  their  success  not  only  to  the  favourable  economic  climate,  which  was  a  significant 
factor,  but  also  to  the  quality  of  organisation  by  elected  representatives  in  association  with  local 
government officers  and socio-economic networks. Unfortunately,  the areas eligible under Objective 
5(b) are not coterminous  with those qualifying  for  the PAT (prime à l'aménagement du territoire  -
regional  development  grant),  which  may  hamper  activities  by  limiting  the  amount  of  aid  granted. 
Some successful  projects have been situated well away from any industrial environment. For example, 
in  Burgundy, the  Objective  5(b) programme  supported  the  transformation  of  a plastic  components 
plant from a two-man firm in 1991 to an industrial enterprise employing fifteen  people, and producing 
a wide variety of parts including precision parts for the car industry and the electronic sector. Worth 
mentioning  in  Aquitaine  are  measures  to  assist  technology  transfer  in  the  areas  of  carpentry  and 
electromagnetic  shielding, and collective  measures  to boost  the export  function  of SMEs in Lot-et-
Garonne  or  to  suggest  improvements  on  the  basis  of  industrial  competitiveness  audits  in Pyrénées 
Atlantiques. In the department of Aveyron in Midi-Pyrénées, the Objective 5(b) programme supported 
investment  in equipment  by an SME specialised  in the manufacture  of furniture  units, with a good 
job-creation  record  and  well  integrated  into  the  local  economy,  supplying  three  major  corporate 
clients in the department, and using the services of numerous local transport operators. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

The four  overseas regions (Martinique, Guadeloupe, French  Guiana  and Réunion), Corsica  and the 
districts of Douai, Valenciennes and Avesnes (French Hainaut) are eligible under Objective 1. 

Mid-term reviews of the programmes available  in  1996, and in particular those relating to the SPDs 
for Corsica, French Guiana and Hainaut, discussed  by the Monitoring Committees, led to proposals 
for changes to the programmes adopted by formal Commission decision in mid-1997. 

The  SPD  for  Réunion  was  substantially  reprogrammed  to  take  account  of  completion  dates  for  a 
major  project,  postponing  the final date  for  payment  by  two  years  (to  31  December  2003). This 
project will improve the water supply (drinking water and irrigation) in the western part of the island. 
The Commission decision on reprogramming was taken in December. 

The initial  results of the mid-term reviews of the SPDs for French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe 
and Hainaut were discussed by the Monitoring Committees in the course of  1997. Proposals for major 
reprogramming reached the Commission at the end of the year for the Guiana and Martinique SPDs, 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

73 

and  in  January  1998  for  Hainaut;  they  take  account  of  the  Commission  departments'  remarks  on 
delays  in implementing  the programmes. The Commission  is expected  to adopt  a decision  in the first 
half of  1998. 

In  1997,  the  Commission  was  unable  to  commit  appropriations  in  the  Community  budget  for  that 
year's  contribution  to Objective  1 SPDs for  Corsica, Martinique, Réunion  and  Hainaut,  amounting to 
about  ECU  190  million  altogether,  because  the  required  statements  of  expenditure  were  not 
forthcoming. 

On the  agricultural  side, it was hoped that programmes  in Martinique  and French  Guiana  would gain 
momentum  in  1997 after  reprogramming  at  the end  of  1996, but  management  problems  arose, partly 
owing  to  red  tape,  but  especially  because  it  was  not  easy  for  project  sponsors  to  find  sources  of 
financing 
is  progressing 
satisfactorily  in  Guadeloupe  and  Réunion,  and  especially  in  Corsica,  where  the  Objective  1 SPD 
includes  a  raft  of  socio-structural  measures,  which  enables  the  programme  to  progress  more 
automatically  and thus more rapidly. 

the  Community  contribution.  However, 

implementation 

to  match 

Aid  to the fishing  industry  for  shipbu'lding has been blocked  because  France  is yet to meet  its targets 
in  the  framework  of  the  MGP  (multi-annual  guidance  programme).  This  has  seriously  affected  the 
progress  of  programmes.  In  the  overseas  departments,  only  the  tranches  for  1994  have  been 
committed.  For  Corsica,  the  most  recent  statement  of  expenditure  dates  back  to  1995, which  means 
that the take-up rate for payments is below 10%. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

In  1997  the  Commission  approved  the  new  programmes  for  the  nineteen  regions  eligible  under 
Objective  2  for  the  period  1997-99,  and  a  technical  assistance  programme.  These  programmes 
represent  Community  assistance  of about ECU 2.2 billion  altogether.  The  only  programme  which the 
Commission  did not approve  was the one relating to restructuring  in the defence  industry,  since some 
of the measures proposed by the French authorities raised problems of eligibility. 

As it was not possible  to complete all the programmes  for  the period  1994-96, the sum of ECU 208.6 
million  was transferred  to  1997-99; this corresponds to  13% of total financing  for the first period. 

After  a  slow  start,  implementation  of  Objective  2  in  France  is  now  in  line  with  the  Community 
average in terms of both commitments and payments. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

In  1997,  Objective  3  was  reprogrammed  in  accordance  with  the  new  priorities  of  the  French 
authorities. The  importance of priority  3, the integration  of people threatened  with exclusion from  the 
labour  market,  was  considerably  reinforced  (an  increase  of  36%), to  reflect  the  emphasis  placed  by 
the French  authorities  on combating exclusion. On the other hand, there  was a 30% cut in the share of 
priority  1 (reintegration  of jobseekers threatened  with long-term unemployment). Some schemes were 
removed  from  the  programme,  either  because  they  had  not  proved  effective  or  because  it  was  not 
feasible  under  the  French  system  to  comply  with  Community  sound  management  rules  (e.g. 
agreements  on  training  leave). It is planned  in  1998 to adopt  new  changes  to the  SPD, in the context 
of the programme  for  preventing  and combating  social  exclusion.  In terms  of budget  implementation, 
France  is below the Community  average for Objective  3 (about 45% of  total  assistance had been paid 
by the end of  1997). 

1997 saw a marked improvement  in the budget implementation  of Objective  4. Payments in the course 
of  the year  amounted  to ECU 87.9 million, more than for  the whole  of the  period  1994-96. However, 
the  accumulated  rate  of  budget  implementation  was  still  low  by  the  end  of  1997,  at  28%  of  the 
financing  available  for  the  whole  period  1994-99.  The  Monitoring  Committee  meeting  of  20 
November  took  measures  to  boost  the  rate  of  implementation,  to  make  up  the  ground  lost  when  the 

73 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

programme got off  to a slow start in  1994 and  1995. They involved  introducing a new  configuration 
for technical assistance, to reinforce  local support structures, support work by small firms on setting 
up projects, and generally stimulate the programme. It was also decided to support the new provisions 
on the organisation  and reduction  of  working hours with new schemes on business consultancy and 
training. 

Measures still concentrate largely on the "training" priority. However, there has been some increase 
in  the  number  of  "anticipated  needs"  projects  and  "training  systems"  projects.  After  the  strong 
concentration  of  projects  in  the  industrial  sector  in  the  early  years,  there  has  now  been  more 
diversification  towards the services sector. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

The three main measures to improve the efficiency  of production structures in France are aid for the 
modernisation  of  farms,  start-up  aid  for  new  entrants  and  allowances  to  compensate  for  natural 
handicaps. In 1996, 8 300 farms qualified  for investment aid for modernisation (number of approvals), 
down  10% on the year before,  mainly owing to the crisis in the beef  sector. The number of start-up 
dossiers  for  young  farmers  approved  in  1996  was  9 030,  a  7%  increase  on  1995.  This  increase 
confirms the surge in start-up aid observed  in  1995, and reflects  the importance given to this priority 
by the French authorities. Lastly, compensatory  allowances  were granted, as in the previous year, to 
some 130 000 holdings. 

The  satisfactory  rate  achieved  in  1996  for  implementation  of  SPDs  to  assist  the  processing  and 
marketing  of  agricultural  and  forestry  products  was  maintained  in  1997. By  the  end  of  1997, the 
French authorities had committed ECU 172 million, in terms of approved projects, out of Community 
assistance for these measures totalling ECU 259 million for 1994-99. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 

The  1996 tranche  of  the  programme  had  been  committed  by the  end  of  1997. The  1994 tranche, 
however,  had not yet been  used  up. Execution  of payments stood  at about  35% at the end  of  1997 
(compared  with  a Community  average  of  41%). Although  expenditure  on  measures  for  the  fishing 
fleet  contributes to reducing the fishing effort  to achieve the aims of the MGP, there is still a reserve 
available that has not yet been spent. Expenditure on port facilities and aquaculture is still weak. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

State of progress with programmes varies from one region to another, with more serious management 
problems  occurring  in  areas  that  were  not  previously  eligible, where  there  is  no experience  of the 
management  of  Community  financing.  The  introduction  of  the  national  technical  assistance 
programme  at  the  beginning  of  1997  should  help  to  remedy  this  inequality  between  regions, 
encourage  greater  standardisation  in  programme  management  and  make  the  managers'  job  easier 
through  measures  to provide  training and  the exchange and  transfer  of information  and  experience, 
and  through  the choice of efficient,  compatible computer tools to enable the technical  and  financial 
aspects of the various SPDs to be monitored at national level. 

It  is  often  difficult,  with  projects  financed  by  the EAGGF, to establish  operations  of  an  economic 
nature, in particular in the food  industry, because of the lack of project  sponsors in the countryside. 
Some  regions,  however,  in  particular  Burgundy,  Limousin  and  Franche-Comté,  have  successfully 
introduced  projects  to  exploit  local  woodland  resources,  both  at  the  level  of  traditional  initial 
processing and at that of alternative uses of timber, e.g. as an energy source. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

75 

In 1997 the Commission took a number of decisions on the use of the reserve. In the framework of the 
Urban Initiative, the Commission approved five programmes for operations in depressed urban areas 
(Châlons-sur-Saône, Bastia, Clichy-Montfermeil,  Mantes-la-Jolie and Saint-Etienne), accounting  for 
total  Community  financing  of  ECU 24.7  million.  Community  assistance  now  involves  thirteen 
depressed  urban  areas in France. Financing from  the reserve was also granted to finance  changes to 
the Konver and Retex OPs. The reserve relating to the Rechar II and Résider II OPs will be allocated 
in the course of  1998. As for Regis, there were still problems in getting it under way in 1997, and the 
programmes for the four overseas regions are to be amended in 1998. 

New human-resources projects selected under the Employment Initiative numbered 650. Over 50% of 
these projects  include measures other than training, and aim at developing a multisectoral approach; 
about 80% of the projects concentrate on pathways into work. The second call for projects under the 
Adapt Initiative resulted in the selection of 430 projects. Small firms took an active part (on average 
over  100 small  businesses  for  each  project),  which  was  one  of  the  aims. The  other  feature  of  the 
projects  was  the  importance  of  technological  development,  in particular  related  to the  information 
society. Many projects were launched in this area, especially in Limousin, Ile de France and Corsica. 

In the area of rural development, partnership problems between the representatives of the LAG (local 
action group) and local government interfered  with the smooth running of the programme in Corsica. 
However,  projects  are  being  completed,  and  experiences  are  being  exchanged  (seminar  on  edible 
chestnuts,  and  contact  with  a  Finnish  group).  The  Objective  5(b)  regions  have  completed  a 
preliminary  selection  of  LAGs,  with  some  reserving  the right to  issue  a  second  call  for  projects. 
Programming has been rather slow so far, with unsatisfactory  implementation. The slowness is partly 
due  to  the  rather  restrictive  management  arrangements  introduced  by  the  national  and  regional 
authorities, in particular for making Community finance available. It is worth mentioning in particular 
the serious delay in implementing the ESF strand of the programmes, since the operators concerned 
systematically prefer the use of Objective 5(b) SPDs for this type of operation. Steps have now been 
taken  to  simplify  procedures  and  improve  programming,  to  prevent  local  actors  becoming 
understandably discouraged, after two years' hard work on preparing their projects. 

In the fisheries sector, the first advance payment on the single tranche has been paid, but no certificate 
of expenditure  has yet  been  received  by the Commission.  A reprogramming  exercise  concentrating 
more on ERDF projects is under way. 

75 

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_ _ __  ^* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.7.  IRELAND 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in Ireland 

The Funds'  total  contribution  to the  development  of  small firms under  Objective  1 is estimated  at 
ECU 975 million for the current  1994-99 period. 

Almost all Irish enterprises  are SMEs. A large number of them are participating in both the various 
projects that make up the operational programmes under the Objective  1 CSF and in some Community 
Initiatives. 

For example, venture-capital and seed-capital funds, which were not available to SMEs on the private 
market, have been established  under the Industry  programme. The investments made by these  funds 
allow  SMEs  to  develop  more  quickly,  while  consolidating  their  balance  sheets.  The  Industry 
programme  has  also  introduced  a  new  project  on  research,  technology  and  innovation  within  an 
enterprise. It will enable SMEs to avail themselves of loans at subsidised rates of interest. 

Loans  at  reduced  rates  of  interest  are  also  available  to  small  firms  under  the  SMEs  and  Peace 
Community  Initiatives.  This  facility  has  been  a  great  success,  and  the  reduced  interest  scheme 
continued in 1997 under the Peace programme. 

By way of example, the SME Initiative includes a measure specifically  designed to facilitate  access 
by such firms to public invitations to tender.  The total cost of the operation is ECU 2.9 million, ECU 
2.1 million of which is funded  by the ERDF. The operations involved include the establishment of a 
database of public sector clients, the recruitment of several specialists in public sector tendering  and 
assistance  for  participating enterprises. Figures  for  the end  of  1997 show that 227 enterprises were 
helped under the measure to participate in 62 invitations to tender. The trade flows generated amount 
to about ECU 3.8 million. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

All of Ireland is eligible for Objective  1. The CSF and the individual programmes underwent a mid 
term evaluation  in  1997. As a result,  the CSF Monitoring  Committee decided  to transfer  a total of 
ECU 163 million between the programmes. Transfers were made in particular from the Industry OP to 
the  Human  Resources  and  Economic  infrastructure  (roads)  OPs.  The  Monitoring  Committee  also 
suggested  qualitative  changes,  such  as  opening  up  the  near-monopoly  enjoyed  by  government 
agencies to other bodies, the introduction of a more market-led approach and the launch of a study on 
the cost of road  infrastructure. 

As well as better targeting of the Irish aid measures, the Monitoring Committee also stressed the need 
for better consistency with the Commission's priorities: additional amounts were allocated to R&TD; 
more account of the environment was taken by transferring  to two particular measures (the control of 
farmyard  pollution  and the milk hygiene  scheme) ECU 28.5 million  from  other measures under the 
same programme and other programmes. A further boost was given to equal opportunities through the 
provision for the first time of funding for child-care facilities. 

Some projects may lose Community funding in  1998 if significant progress is not made to ensure they 
are completed  in time. Such  projects  include  the National  Conference  Centre, the peat-fired  power 
station,  the  'waste  to  energy'  project  in  Blanchardstown  and  the  National  Gallery.  These  projects 
account for ECU 211 million in Community funding,  i.e. more than 9% of the remaining budget for 
the last two years of the programme (1998 and 1999). 

9th Annual Report  of the Structural Funds (1997) 

__________________ 

Human  resources  operations  continued  in  1997  by  improving  the  capacity  of  the  educational  and 
training  systems  to respond  to changes  in the  labour  market.  The  number  of  long-term  unemployed 
fell  continually  during  1997. The mid-term evaluation carried out in  1997 concluded that the CSF has 
been a great success so far. The evaluation also concluded that the current balance between the Funds 
in  the  CSF  is  the  best  way  of  achieving  the  stated  aims.  One  of  the  priorities  highlighted  by the 
evaluation,  which  will  need  additional  assistance  from  the  ESF,  concerns  early  school  leavers.  A 
further  ECU  20  million  has  been  allocated  to  this  target  group.  More  generally,  the  mid-term 
evaluation  identified  the  operations  that need  to  be  strengthened.  The  ESF must  accordingly  target 
programmes  better  towards  the  long-term  unemployed  (this  topic  must  be  discussed  by  the human 
resources  coordinating  committee  in  1998); it  must  improve  the  way  in  which  programmes  for the 
most  deprived  are  carried  out  and it must adopt  a more  market-led  approach  towards  the  supply of 
training  and  teaching.  The Monitoring  Committees  will  discuss  all  these  topics  at  their meetings in 
1998.  The  ESF  contribution  to  the  Urban  and  local  development  OP  (training  measures)  may  be 
reduced,  given  the  slackness  of  expenditure  in the programme's  first  three years  (due mainly  to the 
delay in establishing the partnership at local level). A decision will be taken at the first meeting of the 
CSF Monitoring Committee in 1998. 

On  the  agricultural  side,  the  mid-term evaluation  has  had repercussions  for  certain  EAGGF-funded 
measures  in  two  programmes.  Proposals  have  been  made  to  amend  the  compensatory  allowances. 
ECU 28 million in unspent appropriations under the Food Industry Programme has been transferred to 
other  measures  (see  above).  Lastly,  the  evaluation  recommended  the  introduction  of  a  "rural 
resettlement pilot project". 

The fisheries  programme is progressing satisfactorily. The  1996 instalment was paid in full, as well as 
80% of the  1997  instalment. The measures on reducing the fishing  effort  and on aquaculture are still 
behind schedule. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

Like  the  Objective  1  CSF,  the  Community  Initiatives  underwent  a  mid-term  evaluation.  While 
significant  reallocations  of  funding  have not  resulted  from  it,  the  evaluation  has  helped  to improve 
programme targeting. The Interreg IIA programme between Ireland and Northern Ireland is especially 
interesting  in  this  regard:  the  Monitoring  Committee  has  adopted  an  action  plan  to  improve 
management of the programme, to strengthen crossborder operations and to enhance publicity relating 
to the programme. No certificate  of expenditure statement has as yet been received for  fishery-related 
measures. 

1997  was  the  last  year  in  which  commitments  were  made  for  operations  under the  Retex  Initiative. 
However, the Retex Monitoring Committee decided to extend the programme for one year, because of 
the difficulties  encountered in committing all the ESF funding. 

As  a result  of  the  second  call  for  projects  under the Employment  Community  Initiative  126 human 
resources  projects  were selected. By  way of example,  the Now  projects  aim in particular to increase 
the participation  rate of  women in certain sectors, to integrate marginalised  women  in society  and to 
reconcile  working  and family  life.  The Youthstart projects  bring  together  the  various  administrative 
services  and non-profit  organisations to encourage the social  integration  of  unqualified  teenagers for 
whom social  exclusion is otherwise a possibility.  In the case of the Adapt Initiative, 35 projects were 
selected  covering  areas  such  as  skills  improvements  in  crafts  industries,  the  development  of 
information  systems, products and quality systems  in SMEs. Other projects  include  improvements to 
training  schemes,  job  creation  in  small  and  micro-enterprises  and  the  development  of  practical 
systems to transfer technology from research institutes to SMEs. This second series of Adapt projects 
will focus especially on the information society. 

The  mid-term  evaluation  of  the  Leader  II programme  resulted  in  a  number  of  minor  changes. The 
local action groups received additional funding from the distribution of the reserve (ECU  15.5 million 
for Ireland). 

78 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Operations  continued  under  the  Peace  Initiative,  but  at  a  slower  pace  than  expected.  An  extra 
ECU 100 million  was  allocated  to  the  programme  for  1998.  The  mid-term  evaluation  did  not 
recommend  any  significant  changes  to the programme,  but  it  did  ask  the  competent  authorities  and 
those  carrying  out  the  operations  to justify  their  applications  for  additional  funding  for  1998  and 
1999. 

9h  Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.8.  ITALY 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in Italy: 

The Funds' contribution  to the development of SMEs under the regionalised  Objectives  is estimated 
at  around  ECU 4.7  billion  for  the current  period.  Of  that  amount,  88% is  intended  for  Objective 1 
regions, around 7.5% for Objective 2 and 4.5% for Objective 5(b) areas. 

Objective 1: The Objective  1  CSF allocates 21%  of total funds  to part-finance  an Italian aid scheme 
for the Mezzogiomo under Law 488/92. The scheme gives priority to the financing  of four  sectors of 
activity:  industry,  the  environment,  R&TD  and  transport.  Assistance  to  industry  and  R&TD  in 
particular has been highly successful  among small firms in southern Italy. 

Other  operations  targeting  SMEs  more  specifically  are  also  worth  mentioning.  In  Caserta  in 
Campania,  for  example,  the  ERDF  is  part-financing  a  joint  infrastructure  project  comprising  a 
multipurpose  centre  for  the jewellery  industry  ("Tari": Community  contribution  of  ECU 14 million 
towards  a total  cost  of ECU 28 million). Launched  in  1990 on the initiative  of  small  and medium-
sized jewellers and goldsmiths in Naples, the centre provides premises close to Naples to rehouse the 
whole jewellery trade, located for centuries in the city centre, which is now too cramped. Unique in 
Italy,  the Tan  project  brings  together  workshops,  permanent  showrooms  of  for  member firms and 
rooms  for  temporary  exhibitions,  with  facilities  for  exhibitors  from  elsewhere.  There  are  also 
wholesale marketing distribution facilities and workshops for occupational training and research work 
utilising  the  latest  technology.  Tari  is  thus  becoming  one  of  the  most  up-to-date  centres  in  the 
Community and is a focal  point for the Italian jewellery  industry, a leader on the world market. The 
centre is among the largest private-sector  investment  projects  in the Mezzogiomo in recent years. In 
terms of jobs created, the sector employed  1 447 workers in 1996 compared to 497 in 1982. 

In  Sicily's  agricultural  sector,  33  small  and  medium-sized  agri-food  enterprises  producing  various 
products  like  citrus  fruit,  honey,  milk,  olive  oil  (particularly  organic)  and  table  olives  have been 
selected  and financed. Work  has  been  completed  in  10 enterprises.  Once  all  the  investments  have 
been completed, at least 400 jobs will have been made stable and 90 new posts created. 

Objective 2: On the banks of Lake Maggiore in Piedmont, the ERDF has part-financed  the Piedmont 
technology  park  (ECU 11.6 million  from  the  ERDF out  of  a  total  cost  of  ECU 35.9  million). The 
"Tecnoparco"  is  the  first  of  its  kind  in  northern  Italy,  providing  research  and  experimentation 
laboratories (metrological trials, new materials, new industrial processes, etc.) in addition to common 
services  for  the  15 or  so  enterprises  established  there.  SMEs  wishing  to  set  up  must  propose an 
innovative  project  with  strong  development  potential.  Once  accepted,  they  conclude  partnership 
contracts  with  the  host  body  for  a  minimum  of  five  years.  Under  such  contracts,  they  benefit  in 
particular  from  transfers  of  technology  with  enterprises  on  the  spot  and  outside,  for  example, by 
helping  them  to  participate  in  Community  programmes.  Currently,  the  emphasis  is  on  two areas, 
components  for  home  systems  and  automation  in  general,  and  biotechnology  applications  in 
horticulture  and ecology. Thus the firm Thermoselect  Engineering  is developing  new processes  for 
the incineration  of solid urban  waste and is about to market components for scrubbing synthetic gas 
produced by gasification  of waste. The gas will be used for energy and heat production. Tecnoparco's 
success has led to plans for a second phase of building to double the area available for SMEs. To date, 
Tecnoparco  has  led  to the creation  of  around  1  800 jobs  in the region,  of  which  190 were created 
within the park itself. 

-

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

80 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Around 30 operations funded under the period  1989-93 were concluded in  1997. In addition, six new 
OPs and two global grants were approved. 

, 

As  regards  implementation  of  the  CSF,  1997  saw  the  application  of  closer  monitoring  and  the 
preparation of the mid-term evaluation, with the findings coming out in early 1998. 

Monitoring  work  focused  in  particular  on  progress  in  procedures  and  the  defining  of  estimates  for 
commitments and payments per measure for each form of assistance adopted. The monitoring placed a 
heavy workload on the joint working groups (Cornmission/national authorities), which met frequently 
in the course of the year. The monitoring arrangements proved exceptionally difficult  to implement. 

From  the  financial  viewpoint,  at  the  end  of  1997  decisions  were  still  pending  on  Community 
resources of around ECU 734 million (ECU 680 million from the ERDF and ECU 54 million from the 
EAGGF).  Despite  these  difficulties,  implementation  of  the  CSF  gathered  momentum  in  1997,  in 
particular  in  the  last  quarter.  By  the  end  of  1997,  expenditure  actually  incurred  amounted  to 38%, 
which was the target agreed in the course of the year by the Italian Government and the Commission. 
This overall  level of implementation disguises wide disparities from one Fund and form of assistance 
to another. 

The findings of the mid-term assessment led to a major reallocation of financing between programmes 
early  in  1998,  with  a CSF Monitoring  Committee  decision  to reprogramme  about ECU 698  million 
away  from  the  regions  and programmes  that  had  not  used  their financing  efficiently,  towards  other 
regions and programmes where appropriations had been implemented more satisfactorily. 

In the  field  of  human resources,  implementation  was  satisfactory.  Measures  covered  the  training  of 
young  people  and  training  through  further  education.  Good  results  were  also  achieved  in  strategic 
sectors (industry, the environment and tourism). 

In agriculture,  the  Commission  approved  a new  multiregional  programme  providing  support for the 
establishment of fruit and vegetable producer organisations and their activities (ECU 4.1 million from 
the EAGGF towards a total of ECU 8.2 million). 

Under  the  programme  of  services  for  the  commercial  upgrading  of  agricultural  products  from 
southern  Italy,  which  seeks  to  bring  supply  more  closely  into  line  with  market  requirements,  the 
Ministry  selected  14 organisations out of those putting forward the 30 proposals received. The actual 
work is to begin sometime in 1998. 

At  regional  level,  a  major  effort  was  made  in  the  selection  and  financing  of  investments  projects 
relating  to  the  processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural  products.  In  Abruzzi,  22  projects  were 
financed  at a total  cost  of  around ECU 28  million.  In Campania,  15 projects  were  funded  at a total 
cost of  around ECU 23 million. In Sardinia, to strengthen the sheep and goat industry, 34 small-scale 
cheese dairies were granted funds to bring them into line with the health rules laid down in Directive 
92/46/EEC.  Good  progress  was recorded in Campania  on  the  implementation  of  assistance  for farm 
tourism  and  investments  in  agricultural  holdings.  All  the  regions  concerned  have  committed  the 
EAGGF assistance  for  1997,  and  in  five  of  these  (Sicily,  Apulia,  Molise,  Basilicata  and Calabria), 
progress made enabled the first advance to be paid too. 

In the fisheries  sector,  1997 was a year of crisis in Italy (falling catches, rising costs and imports), and 
this  is  reflected  in  the  poor rate  of  implementation  of  the  programme.  Reprogramming allowed, the 
1996  tranche  to  be  paid  out  in  full;  the  1997  tranche  was  committed  and  the  first  advance  paid. 
Nevertheless,  unless  there is considerable  acceleration  in implementation,  some  of  the programme's 
funds  could  be  withdrawn.  A  measure  to compensate  fishermen  who voluntarily  abandon the use of 
drift nets was introduced. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

81 

OBJECTIVE 2 

In  1997,  11  new  programmes  were  adopted  for  the  period  1997-99  with  a  total  Community 
contribution of ECU 798 million, on top of the ECU 170 million transferred  from the previous period. 
There  is no change  in the eligible areas, with the exception  of  small extensions  to those in Emilia-
Romagna  and Lombardy,  or in  the strategies  or objectives  laid  down  in  the  SPDs. In  line with the 
Commission's guidelines for Objective 2, however, special stress was laid on certain activities, like: 

• 

aid to SMEs as regards access to new technologies; 

• 

• 

local  development,  by developing  the territorial  pacts  and  other  "integrated  projects"  based on 
extended local partnership in industry and tourism; 

the environment, with special emphasis on monitoring systems, environmental infrastructures and 
investments in clean technology; 

•  human resources, with priority for equal treatment of men and women. 

Almost  everywhere,  implementation  of  the  new  programmes  started  immediately  after  they  were 
adopted. However, seven programmes were adopted in July and two (Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Lazio) 
in December, which delayed the launch phase. 

There was no change in the guidelines concerning human resources either. Closer attention was paid 
to the development  of  human  resources  and skills. The strategic  objectives,  however,  were  defined 
more  precisely.  Special  attention  was  paid,  in  accordance  with  the  Commission's  guidelines,  to 
integrated approaches creating new jobs. Most SPDs made provision for aid for employment. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

Under  Objective 3,  there  was  some  diversification  in  measures,  target  groups  and  procedures. 
Nevertheless,  there  is  still  room  for  improved  coordination  between  the  bodies  responsible  for 
education  and  those  in  charge  of  training. Participation  by  SMEs  and  non-profit  bodies  increased. 
Local development was made a priority in 1997, with the aim of achieving closer consistency between 
national  and EU policies. The mid-term review was carried  out and completed  in  1997. In order to 
comply fully with national priorities (a new law on employment was adopted in June  1997), resources 
were  transferred  to  measures  to  assist  young  people,  equal  treatment  for  mean  and  women  and 
socially excluded groups. 

After  a slow  start,  1997 saw  a distinct  acceleration  in  implementation  for  Objective 4 (33% of the 
assistance  was  paid  out  by  31  December  1997  compared  with  just  12%  at  the  end  of  1996). 
Nevertheless,  this  improvement  is  still  not  sufficient  to  make  up  for  the  time  lost.  As  far  as the 
mobilisation  of  private  funding  is  concerned,  the  contribution  laid  down  in  the  SPDs  was largely 
forthcoming  though  there  was  a  wide  discrepancy  in  implementation  of  the  various  priorities. 
Utilisation  of  the  "anticipation"  and  "technical  assistance"  priorities,  for  instance,  fell  behind 
schedule significantly. Action is being taken to restore the balance. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) - agriculture 

The  main  aid  measures  for  production  structures  went  to  less-favoured  areas  (42%),  aid  for 
investments  in  agricultural  holdings  (31%) and  assistance  to  help  young  farmers  to  set  up. All the 
regional programmes covering the processing and marketing of agricultural products were adopted in 
1996.  In  the  course  of  1997, a multiregional  programme  was  adopted.  Progress  in  implementation 
varies  widely  from  one  programme  to  another,  but  overall  payments  for  agriculture  under 
Objective 5(a)  are  still  low  (31%). Nonetheless, the improvement  over  1996 is  substantial  (12% of 
payments actually made). 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

82 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) -  fisheries 

At the end of  1997, only  19% of payments had actually been made, for the reasons spelled  out above 
in respect of Objective  1. Reprogramming enabled the  1996 instalment to be paid out entirely and the 
first  advance to be paid for 1997. 

OBJECTIVE  5(b) 

The  mid-term  evaluation  largely  confirmed  the  validity  of  the  strategies  followed.  However,  the 
findings  did  reveal  some  special  features  of  Objective 5(b)  in  Italy  which  explain  the  slow  pace  of 
implementation of the programmes, i.e.: 

• 

• 

• 

the  fact  that  the  procedures  for  the  implementation  of  the  Objective 5(b)  programmes  were 
separate from the standard regional programming; 

the predominance of aid schemes comprising a large number of very small-scale projects; 

the complicated  national  rules to be  followed  for projects  and in particular  the  lengthy  duration 
and complexity of the invitations. 

Increasing  attention  has  been  paid  to  measures  to  support  employment.  The  Tuscany  Region 
programme, for  example,  incorporated  new  measures  to foster  employment  (aid for  recruitment,  for 
setting  up businesses, etc.). Around  3% of  funds  for measures relating  to human resources  are spent 
on employment aid, the remainder going on basic tertiary-level training and continuing education. 

An earthquake  struck the rural areas of  the Marche and Umbria regions  in  1997. The Objective 5(b) 
programmes, were adjusted  to help those regions cope  with the emergency,  and the change  went into 
effect  at the end of  1997. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

In 1997, the Commission approved four new Community Initiative programmes: 

• 

Interreg II Italy-Greece: crossborder cooperation  between Epirus, the Ionian Islands and Western 
Greece  and  the  two  provinces  of  the  Apulia  Region.  The  total  cost  of  the  programme  is 
ECU 304.8 million,  including  ECU  169.2  million  from  the  Structural  Funds.  The  priority 
assistance  areas  cover  improvements  to transport  infrastructure  (ports)  and  telecommunications, 
the  promotion  of  economic  activities,  the  environment  (network  for  management  of  maritime 
waters  and  measures  to  combat  water  pollution)  and  tourism  (restoration  of  the  cultural  and 
historical heritage and cooperation between tourist enterprises). 

Interreg II Italy-Austria: certain areas in the Italian Regions of Veneto, Friuli-Venezia  Giulia and 
Bolzano and the Austrian Lander of  Carinthia, Salzburg  and Tyrol  are eligible.  The total  cost of 
the programme  is ECU 27.4  million, including ECU 11.8 million from the Structural Funds. The 
programme  includes  measures  to  enhance  the  historical  and  cultural  heritage,  protect  the 
environment and develop tourist resources, and assistance for SMEs and training. 

Interreg II Italy-Slovenia. The provinces of Udine, Gorizia, Trieste and Venice are covered by this 
programme,  the  total  cost  of  which  is  ECU 31.3  million  (ECU 15.6  million  from  the  Structural 
Funds). Work concerns  the protection  of  the environment,  institutional  and cultural  cooperation, 
improved  communications  and  cooperation  between  SMEs.  The  programme  forms  the 
complement to the Phare-CBC programme for Slovenia. 

Interreg IIC on combating drought. This programme covers all Objective  1  regions. The total cost 
is ECU 30.4 million, including ECU  15.2 million from the ERDF. The areas of intervention cover 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

83 

the improvement  of the network  for managing  the  water balance  for the Objective  1 regions and 
reducing water shortages in certain areas of Sardinia and Sicily. 

On top of  these  new programmes,  in  1997  the Commission  decided  to extend  the  scope  of  Urban, a 
programme  approved  in  1996,  to  three  new  cities,  Trieste,  Lecce  and  Catanzaro.  As  a  result,  the 
programme  now  covers  16 municipalities,  i.e.  Rome,  Genoa,  Venice  and Trieste  (non-Objective  1), 
Naples,  Salerno,  Palermo,  Catania,  Syracuse,  Reggio  Calabria,  Cosenza,  Bari,  Foggia,  Lecce, 
Catanzaro and Cagliari  (Objective  1). The total cost of  the revised programme  is ECU 337.5 million, 
with the Community  contribution  rising  to ECU 136 million, of  which ECU 118 million  comes from-
the ERDF and ECU 18 million  from  the  ESF.  Under that programme,  each  city  administers  its  own 
subprogramme. 

In  1997  the  Commission  also  decided  on  the  allocation  of  the  reserve  and  of  the  resources  made 
available through indexation for the Rechar II (Sardinia and Tuscany), Retex - Objective  1, Résider H, 
Konver  and  SME  programmes.  Changes  were  also  made  to  the  content  of  the  programmes  and 
financing  plans  for  Interreg  IIA  Italy-Albania  and  Italy-France  (Alps)  in  order  to  bring  the 
programming details more closely  into line with work achieved  on the ground and with the estimates 
for resources needed. 

As  regards  human  resources,  in  response  to  the  second  call  for  projects  for  1997-99,  833 projects 
were  selected  for  the  Employment  Initiative.  Generally,  the  emphasis  was  laid  on  training,  with 
special  attention being paid to the development  of adapted training  systems, vocational  guidance and 
employment. The economic sectors most concerned are local  labour markets, culture and tourism, the 
environment  and  new  information  technologies.  Under  the  Adapt  Initiative,  401  projects  were 
selected  for  the  period  1997-99.  Stress  was  laid  on  anticipatory  measures,  promotion,  and  the 
networking  of  new  employment  opportunities.  The  sectors  most  concerned  are  graphic  arts, 
publishing,  the  socio-economic  sector and tourism.  Projects  also  involve  the food  industry, banking, 
commerce  and  transport.  The  Adapt-BIS  theme  (Building  the  Information  Society)  is  present 
throughout the various sectors. Following the last selection, all regions doubled or tripled the number 
of projects financed  under this Community Initiative. 

Under  the  Leader II  Initiative,  almost  all  regions  completed  their  selection  of  local  action  groups. 
Most of  them have  already  received  their first advance,  so they  can  start the activities programmed. 
Having completed  this first phase  more quickly,  the regions  of  Sardinia  and Calabria have had their 
financing  plans  bolstered  by  the  allocation  of  the  funds  made  available  through  the  indexation  for 
1997  and of  the reserve.  In the  13 Objective 5(b)  areas  of  Italy,  local  people  worked  hard to  set up 
local  partnerships.  The  selection  of  the  65 local  action  groups  proved  a complex  task,  much  effort 
being made to achieve a satisfactory  territorial  concentration.  In the Lazio Region, the procedure had 
not been completed at the end of  1997. 

In the fisheries  sector, no certificate  of expenditure has been received to date for the Pesca Initiative. 
Only the first advance on the  1995  instalment  has been paid. The switchover to a system involving a 
single instalment is under way; it should allow bigger sums to be paid immediately. 

84 

9th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.9.  LUXEMBOURG 

1. 

The main achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in Luxembourg: 

The Funds are contributing an estimated ECU 6.5 million to the development of small firms under the 
regionally based Objectives in the period  1994-99. 85% of this contribution relates to Objective 2 and 
the remaining  15% to Objective 5(b). 

Objective  2: by way of example, a former  slag pit  has been turned  into a serviced  industrial zone 
(PAFEWE) that seeks to attract activities not directly linked to the steel industry (which the Objective 
2  area  used  to  depend  on),  such  as  raw  materials  processing,  recycling,  manufacturing  or  craft 
enterprises. 

The  ZARE  project  aims  to  broaden  the  supply  of  equipped  sites  to  enterprises  other  than  those 
directly targeted by the Ministry for the Economy under the Economic Diversification  Act. Measures 
are being taken to develop and revitalise  industrial, crafts-based  or commercial enterprises that wish 
to set up or develop in the region. 

The mid-term evaluation notes that the site was very quickly occupied and also that the fitting out of 
the PAFEWE and ZARE sites created around 370 new jobs (gross). 

OBJECTIVE 2 

The  operations  decided  upon  before  the  closure  of  the  1994-96 programme  period  are progressing 
satisfactorily.  ECU  1.77  million  has  been  transferred  to  the  new  period  1997-99.  The  mid-term 
evaluation  highlighted  the  success  achieved  by  developing  new  activity  areas  (the  ZARE  and 
PAFEWE sites). 

The  new  programming  period  1997-99  will  continue  the  efforts  made  towards  industrial 
diversification. While the operations are a logical follow-on from what was done in the past, measures 
to promote the quality of the environment will receive special attention. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

ESF assistance accounts for less than 2% of the public expenditure in 1997 on labour market policies. 
About 50% of Objective 3 funding  is directed towards integrating the socially excluded, in particular 
the handicapped.  The ESF has enabled  a jobseeker  placement  service  to be established  that brings 
together the tasks of jobsearching, needs analysis, additional training, work- placement itself and the 
follow-up  within  a  firm  of  those  newly  placed.  The  ESF  also  support  the  efforts  of  several 
organisations  training  workers,  in  particular  the  Chambre  des  métiers,  which  allows  it  to  have an 
overview of all vocational training. 

The labour market in Luxembourg is a special case, which explains why the ESF does not concentrate 
primarily on reducing the macroeconomic level of unemployment  (3.7%). The labour market is very 
open and the employment catchment area extends well beyond the borders of the State. Nearly 30% of 
employees are from across the border, which means that companies' training needs are being exported 
as is, at times of economic crisis, unemployment. This does not prevent the ESF from stimulating new 
approaches to the encouragement of jobseekers, to vocational training or to guidance for young people 
as they prepare for working life. 

9th Annual Report on the Structural Funds (1997) 

85 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

The main structural  aids for  farm holdings concern  the least-favoured  areas (51%), farm  investment 
aid (24%) and the installation of young farmers (24%). When the SPD to improve the processing and 
marketing of agricultural products was approved in 1994, Luxembourg asked that it should cover only 
one sector: wine and alcohol. In 1996 the national authorities sought the inclusion of two new sectors: 
fruit  and  vegetables  and  potatoes.  The  additional  funding  required  was  got  by  transferring 
appropriations from the measure to improve the efficiency  of agricultural structures. 

The Community contributed ECU 200 000 to four investments approved in 1997. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 

The only  programme  beneficiary  was unable  to overcome  the  technical  difficulties  that  have beset 
him for the last  18 months or so. Investment has remained very cautious as a result and mainly relates 
to maintaining the existing rearing unit. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

Following  the delayed  start to the programme, the holding of a second  Committee  meeting  in mid-
1997 did  indicate  a real  desire to start  the monitoring  exercise  in earnest.  Some EAGGF measures 
relating to the planning of the future  Our national park, environmental protection, the preservation of 
the  countryside  and  the  creation  of  on-farm  holiday  homes  have  not  been  taken  up  by  those who 
actually carry the projects out. 

The mid-term evaluation  carried  out in  1997 advocates  abandoning  certain  measures  that cannot be 
implemented  in  the  reference  period  (the  Alsdorf  telecentre,  the  Martelange  slate  works)  and 
increasing  funding  for  the  rural  heritage  measures.  A  reprogramming  of  the  financial  plan  was 
decided  by  the  Monitoring  Committee  and  a carryover  of  the  unused  appropriations  for  the  1997, 
1998 and 1999 instalments was approved by the Commission on 10 November 1997. 

2. 

The Community Initiatives 

1997 saw the approval  of the Résider II and Konver Community Initiatives for the areas undergoing 
conversion.  The  Urban  Initiative  slowed  down  because  of  administrative  difficulties  in  getting 
authorisation to renovate blighted areas. The Interreg II programme is progressing  satisfactorily. 

As regards  human  resources, the Employment  and Adapt  Community  Initiatives  progressed  well in 
1997. They fund  three and two projects respectively. One of the Adapt projects  involves training and 
advice  for  enterprises,  the  other  is  setting  up a database  containing  information  on  the  continuing 
training options available to workers. As part of the Integra strand of the Employment  Initiative, the 
Commission has approved a pilot project under Article 6 of the ESF Regulation. 

The Leader II programme, approved in 1995, is based on a strategy of innovation and  transferability. 
Despite  some  institutional  and  administrative  difficulties,  the programme  is  advancing  well. Those 
involved  have  formed  two  local  action  groups  (Clervaux-Vianden  and  Redange-Wiltz).  The 
Monitoring  Cornrnittee  has  approved  changes  to two measures  "innovative  SME  investments" and 
"promoting teleworking in rural areas" to highlight the fact that they are pilot projects. 

86 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.10. NETHERLANDS 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in the Netherlands 

The  total  contribution  of  the  Funds  to  the  development  of  small  firms  under  the  regionalised 
Objectives  in  1994-99  amounts  to  some  ECU  418.6  million,  9%  for  Objective  1,  about  80%  for 
Objective 2 and  11% for Objective 5(b). 

Objective  1: The  KIM project  is  intended  to  help  small firms take  on  young  graduates  or highly 
qualified  workers who will facilitate  their adoption of new technologies. The aid, which may amount 
to up to ECU  15 000 per firm, lasts for one year. Of the 30 new recruitments aimed at, nine have so 
far  taken place. The projects proposed by the small firms must be clear and approved in advance in 
order to avoid firms simply making use of cheap labour. The project  is coordinated by the Flevoland 
BIC. 

Objective 2: In Arnhem-Nijmegen the ERDF and the ESF are providing half the total cost of ECU 1 
million of a project to promote the logistics of transport and distribution firms (Stimulering logistiek 
verladerssector). This project, managed by two private bodies, has the twin aims of persuading  firms 
of the  importance  of  training  as a means of  ensuring  growth  and  enabling  the  unemployed  to find 
work in the industry. Hence the firm DEPA Disposables  was advised  on  ways of  increasing  useful 
working time, reducing stocks and increasing profits. Merely using a new type of palette saved time 
spent  on loading and  unloading. At  the same time, training  was provided  in  new  techniques  in the 
sector.  So far  some  280  workers  in  20 firms have  received  specialist  training  and  the  project  has 
created 94 jobs. 

The plan to help small firms in the Twente area is a good example of a project responding to demand 
from firms. It  formed  part  of  the  SPD for  1994-96 and  has been  continued.  Its  aim  is to promote 
innovation  in small firms which are "trailing behind" (not having reached  the point of being able to 
innovate). There are three ty *_s of  measure: finance  for  the use of outside experts  or advice (up to 
ip to ECU 114 000 per year) and support for investment in innovation 
ECU 11  400 per firm), loans 
(up to ECU 45 600 per year). 

Objective  5(b):  In Friesland  60%  of  investment  under  the  programme  goes  to  encouraging  small 
firms through  projects  such  as the  large  industrial  park  at Drachten  and  Heereveen,  industrial  land 
linked to water sports and so on. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Flevoland is eligible under Objective  1. On 24 July the Commission approved the first amendments to 
the financing  plan for  the SPD. A second  meeting  of  the Monitoring  Committee, on  17 December, 
approved the reorientation of the programme proposed in the conclusions of the mid-term evaluation 
and  the  changes  made  to  the  financing  plan.  This  second  amendment  should  be  approved  by  the 
Commission in 1998. 

The reorientations concern the job employment scheme which received a further ECU 6.9 million and 
the industrial  and commercial  areas  measure  whose main project  (the  industrial  area  in the port of 
Almere) cannot be completed on schedule and so will have its total budget cut by ECU 100.5 million. 
Other minor changes include integration of the environmental innovation in small firms measure into 
the R&TD measure to provide a broader approach to integration within small firms. 

The  main  alteration  affecting  the  ESF  is  the  establishment  of  a  budget  of  ECU  5  million  for  the 
employment  measure.  Another  amendment  reduced  the  minimum  number  of  participants  in  ESF 
measures to raise the rate of participation by small  firms. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

87 

In the EAGGF Guidance  Section, the grouping  of  measures, the reallocation  of finance  and  a change 
in the rate of part-financing  were proposed to speed  up implementation  of certain measures. 

In  the  areas  dependent  on  fisheries,  assistance  from  the  other  funds  was  provided  to  support 
diversification. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

All  the  SPDs  adopted  for  1997-99 retained  the  priorities  of  the previous  programming  period  (1994-
96)  although  some  rebalancing  was  carried  out  to  provide  extra  resources  for  certain  priorities. 
Special  attention  was  paid  to the  local  employment  initiatives,  infrastructure  for  R&TD, the  transfer 
of technologies  to small firms and measures concerning  transport. 

In Twente,  a project  based  on  the  Flevoland job  employment  scheme  was proposed;  45% of  its  cost 
will  be  met  by  the  ERDF.  This  project  would  cover  the  four  main  towns  in  the  region  (Enschede, 
Almelo,  Hengelo  and  Oldenzaal)  and  provide  financial  aid  for  each  job  created  in  these  towns  by 
firms from outside the region. It should create 980 new jobs. 

Progress  of  the  projects  for  1994-96  did  not  enable  them  all  to  be  closed  and  a  total  of  ECU  80.1 
million  was transferred  to the new period. In Groningen-Drenthe  a project  was halted  because of  lack 
of demand  (training  institute), completion of a second  (science park) is uncertain and four  others have 
not yet spent any money. 

Overall  implementation  of  the  appropriations  for  Objective  2  in  the  Netherlands  is  well  below  the 
Community average. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

The  programme  for  Objective  3  was  implemented  as  planned  in  1997  and  about  85% of  its  budget 
spent.  The  remaining  resources  will  have  to  be  transferred  to  future  years  for  which  a  proposal  for 
discussion  at the next meeting of the Monitoring Committee must be prepared. During the year, a new 
approach  to  checking  ESF  projects  was  implemented  for  Objective  3.  Under  it,  all  checks  are 
centralised  and monitored  by the audit unit of the central agency for  employment. 

In  1997  the  Objective  4  programme  became  fully  operational.  The  Commission  approved  the 
amendment  to the SPD under which a large part of the budget  for  1994 and  the funds  remaining  from 
1995  were  transferred  to  1997  and  1998.  All  the  available  appropriations  for  1997,  including  the 
transfer,  were  committed.  Overall,  implementation  of  appropriations  for  Objective  4  in  the 
Netherlands  is higher than the Community  average. 

While  there  was  considerable  under-implementation  in  1994,  1995  and  1996,  applications  for 
payment  in  1997  exceeded  the  resources  available.  Most  of  the  projects  in  the  Netherlands  concern 
groups  of  firms  in  a  particular  sector  and  applications  for  finance  for  projects  under  Objective  4 
involve  increasingly  large  amounts. This makes  it  important  to refine  the  project-selection  procedure 
to ensure that those financed are of good quality. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

During  the  year,  estimated  expenditure  on  measures  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  agricultural 
structures  was  revised  downwards,  mainly  because  of  the  wait-and-see  attitude  of  Dutch  farmers 
caused  by the movement of farm  incomes. A further  reason  is that the Dutch consider their projects  to 
be  ineligible  under the measures. In  1997 new projects  were  introduced  to increase  ability to compete 
and  sell  and  in  the  horticultural  sector.  The  rate  of  implementation  of  the  SPD  on  improving  the 
conditions for the processing and marketing of agricultural products was better than  in  1996. The SPD 
was  amended  during  the  year:  the  rates  of  assistance  of  the  EAGGF  and  national  finance  were 
increased  and a new forestry  sector was added. 

88 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 

Implementation of the programme continued to be slow. The measures for port facilities for  fisheries 
and  processing  and  marketing  were  behind  schedule. The  mid-term  review  began  in  1997  and its 
results will be available during 1998. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

Implementation  of  the  Objective  5(b)  programmes  in  the  Netherlands  was  satisfactory  although 
slightly below the Community average in terms of commitments and payments. 

Four  provinces  (Friesland,  Groningen-Drenthe,  Overijssel  and  Limburg)  concentrated  on  the 
establishment of new firms, tourism and the development of the countryside while Zeeland paid more 
attention to agricultural  diversification. 

The  results  of  the  mid-term  evaluation  carried  out  during  the  year  suggested  some  amendments 
concerning  transfers  between priorities or measures, the carryover  of unused appropriations  and the 
allocation  of  the  additional  resources  made  available  through  indexation.  Two amending  decisions 
(for Limburg and Zeeland) were adopted during 1997. 

The environmental  aspect is an important component  of  measures  in the Netherlands. For example, 
Groningen-Drenthe  devotes  12% of  its funds  to the protection  of  the  environment,  forests  and  the 
countryside  as  part  of  projects  to  improve  water  quality,  lay  out  a nature  park  and  relocate  some 
agricultural holdings. 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

The Netherlands is concerned by all the Community Initiatives apart from Rechar II and Regis II. 

In general, implementation  of the industrial conversion  Initiatives  (Retex, Résider II and Konver) is 
proceeding  as planned.  During  the  year  16 new  projects  under  Retex  were approved  and began to 
operate at the beginning of  1998. In December the Commission approved extension of the Résider II 
programme until the end of  1999. This programme will improve cooperation among the public, semi-
public  and  private  partners  in  the  region  concerned.  Some  43  new  projects  under  Konver  were 
approved in  1997. Implementation  is continuing as planned, with the exception of training measures. 
To resolve this problem, the eligibility of the SMEs taking part was extended to cover firms outside 
the defence sector. 

Two programmes under Urban were adopted in  1997: Utrecht, where the ERDF will contribute ECU 
6.5  million  towards  a  total  cost  of  ECU  26  million,  and  Rotterdam,  where  the  ERDF  will  again 
contribute  ECU  6.5  million,  this  time  towards  a  total  cost  of  ECU  23.5  million.  The  priorities in 
Rotterdam  focus  on  support  for  local  small firms and  the  attractiveness  of  the  area.  In  1997, two 
projects were approved under Urban in Amsterdam, which had been adopted in 1995, one for the ESF 
and the other for the ERDF. In  1998 there will be an interim evaluation to consider how the general 
implementation of Urban can be improved. 

Two programmes  under the Interreg II C Initiative  (combating flooding) were adopted  in  1997, one 
for  the  Rhine-Meuse  (IRMA)  and  one  for  the  North  Sea.  The  ERDF  is  contributing  ECU  137.1 
million to the first and ECU 14.5 million to the second. The Rhine-Meuse programme was established 
jointly by six countries (Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, France, Luxembourg and Switzerland) as a 
result of the serious flooding in  1995. The programme is managed by a joint secretariat based in the 
Netherlands, a financial  body based in Germany, a Monitoring Committee and a steering committee. 
There are also national advisory groups to ensure that regional and local authorities are involved. The 
three  priorities  for  the  IRMA programme  are  measures  concerning  the catchment  areas  of  the two 
rivers, measures concerning the main course of each river and improved transnational cooperation. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

89 

The financial  implementation of Leader II for rural development  is proceeding as planned. As a result 
of  the  mid-term  evaluation,  improvements  will  be  made  to  the  management  and  monitoring  of  the 
programme and the selection of projects by the LAGs. The Commission officially  approved the Dutch 
national  network  for Leader II on 2 April  1997. The network,  which  is  headed  by Friesland,  should 
promote  the  exchange  of  experiences,  mutual  cooperation,  the  organisation  of  visits  and  thematic 
studies. 

Under  the  Employment  Initiative  92  projects  for  human resources  were  selected,  including  two  for 
Objective  1  (Flevoland).  132  projects  under  Adapt  were  selected,  in  most  of  which  the  use  of 
information  and communication  technologies  is  a major component.  However,  the  projects  selected 
did not absorb all  the funds available,  which  was why the transfer of ECU 2 million  to Employment 
was proposed. 

90 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.11.  AUSTRIA 

1. 

The major  achievements of the Fund by Objective 

Following the accession of Austria in 1995 and the adoption of the programmes in that year, 1997 was 
the second full year of the implementation of assistance there. 

Measures to assist small businesses in Austria 

The total contribution of the Funds to the development of small firms is about ECU 89.3 million, 58% 
for Objective 2 and 42% for Objective 5(b) (the figure for Objective  1  is not available). 

Objectives 2 and 5(b): In Lower Austria, the Wiener Neustadt regional innovation centre manages a 
network  of  services  for  new  local  firms,  offering  direct  assistance  and  advice  and  contacts  with 
universities, institutes of technology  and potential  partners in the other Member States. The network 
has links with the Commission's BC-Net and all the Euro-info Centres. 

Objective 2: A network of business parks ("thrust centres") has been established in Styria comprising 
five  parks  located  near  industrial  areas.  They  provide  the  technical  infrastructure  required  and 
facilities  designed  for  new  firms.  They  are  connected  through  the  Internet  to  the  coordinating 
association which manages communications with the economic centres of Vienna and Graz. 

In Vorarlberg. a public-private partnership is the basis for the Ôkoprofit  scheme to encourage better 
use of resources and reduce the pollution created by new investments. The project both cuts pollution 
and helps small firms reduce their costs. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Only Burgenland is eligible under Objective  1. In general, the pace of implementation of measures in 
1997  was  satisfactory.  Most  investment  projects  for  industry,  infrastructure  for  firms  and  tourism 
were carried out. The development of know-how and training measures should speed up in  1998 and 
1999. Some  1 100 new jobs had been created by the end of  1997, well below the target of 7 300. It 
was therefore decided to lower the target to a more realistic level. 

To  improve  infrastructure  in  rural  areas  and  extend  the  network  of  country  roads,  the  EAGGF 
Guidance  Section  part-financed  the  construction  of  heating  centres  burning  organic  substances 
(biomass), which helps reduce C02 and improve protection of the environment. 

The mid-term evaluation  confirmed  the strategy  followed  in the programme but a working party to 
improve support for the establishment of firms in central and southern Burgenland was set up. On the 
basis of the existing measures in the SPD, it will propose integrated  measures under the ERDF, the 
EAGGF and the ESF for small firms, those establishing firms and the unemployed. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

Implementation  of the four programmes was satisfactory.  Austria opted for programming in a single 
period,  1995-99. About 2 070 jobs were created in the Objective 2 areas as compared with a forecast 
of 3 940. 

As  a  result  of  the  mid-term  evaluation,  the  Monitoring  Committees  decided  to  make  some 
amendments, including transfers  between measures. The programme strategy remained the same but 
the quantified  goals  should  be  more  ambitious.  The  evaluation  also recommended  simplifying  the 
national  part-financing  procedures  for  measures  for firms and  improved  monitoring.  Differences  in 
implementation  between  the measures  should  also be rectified:  measures for  productive  investment 
and direct aid to firms are progressing better than those for tourism and R&TD. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

Some 88 500 people (measures relating to skills and employment  aid: 36 300; advisory  structures and 
monitoring:  52  200) benefited  from  training  measures  under  the  Objective  3 SPD. The  main  priority 
(50%  of  beneficiaries)  was  to  promote  the  integration  of  the  long-term  unemployed.  Most  of  those 
concerned  were  aged  between  25  and  45; they  accounted  for  46%  of  all  assistance.  In  general,  over 
half the beneficiaries  were women. 

The  SPD  was  amended  in  1997,  partly  because  the  Monitoring  Committee  was  committed  to 
increasing  help  for  young  people. The  mid-term  evaluation  report  showed  that  80% of  the  resources 
used  had  gone  to  skills  projects,  10% to  employment  aids  and  the  rest  to  structures  for  advice  and 
monitoring.  Six months after  the end  of their  training period, some 50% of those attending had  found 
a job. 

During  the  second  half  of  1997,  the  national  regulation  on  implementation  of  the  Objective  4 
programme  was revised  so that assistance could be more closely  targeted  on employees of small firms 
facing  industrial  change.  Strict  conditions  were  laid  down  governing  participation  by  large  firms: 
additionality,  innovation,  cooperation  with  small  firms,  job  rotation,  the  promotion  of  equal 
opportunities  and the advancement of less-qualified  staff. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

For  the  purposes  of  the  measures  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  agricultural  structures,  the  areas 
regarded  as  disadvantaged  were  extended  by  27 433  ha  and  now  cover  69.4%  of  the  UAA  (utilised 
agricultural  area)  in  Austria.  The  extension  was  designed  to  improve  the  boundaries  of  the 
disadvantaged  areas  by  including  coherent  areas  with  specific  handicaps.  Over  99  000  farmers  are 
now receiving compensatory  allowances. 

Some  303  projects  providing  aid  for  the  processing  and  marketing  of  agricultural  and  forestry 
products  had  been  approved  by  the  end  of  1997.  They  concentrate  on  the  meat,  milk  and  milk 
products  and  fruit  and  vegetables  sectors.  The  programme  was  amended  in  1997  to  include  the 
forestry  products  sector. 

OBJECTIVE  5(a)  fisheries 

After  two  years  of  slow  progress,  mainly  because  of  administrative  preparations  at  national  level, 
implementation  of  the  programme  in  1997 was  fairly  satisfactory  and  Austria  made  up  some  of  the 
backlog.  As  a  result  of  the  interim  evaluation  report,  the  programme  was  amended  slightly  in 
December. 

OBJECTIVE  5(b) 

Seven  areas  are  eligible  under  this  Objective,  which  covers  60% of  the  area  of  Austria  and  includes 
30% of its population. 

A feature  of  Austria's  Objective  5(b)  programmes  is that  they  are  largely-directed  to  sectors,  in  line 
with  Austria's  regional  policy.  They  seek  to  speed  up  adjustments  in  agriculture,  production  and 
tourism and to preserve or create jobs. 

The  mid-term  evaluation  showed  that  no  overall  assessment  of  the  impact  of  structural  policy  on 
regional  development  in  Austria  is  yet  possible,  mainly  because  the  programmes  have  not  been 
running for  long enough (since  1995 and, in practice,  1996). 

92 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

The Cadses Interreg  II C (Centre, Danube, Adriatic  and  South-East)  and  Interreg  II A AustriaTtaly 
programmes  were adopted  in  1997 and  implementation  is already  proceeding  at  a very  satisfactory 
pace. 

The  Cadses  programme  is designed  to apply  the  initial  guidelines  of  the  ESDP  (European  Spatial 
Development Perspective) by developing transnational projects in order to set up a network of towns, 
promote environmentally-friendly  transport networks, improve access to knowledge and  information 
through cooperation and manage natural and cultural assets by agreement. 

The Monitoring Committees for the Interreg IIA programmes concerning cooperation across external 
frontiers  with Slovenia, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary met the Phare programming and 
Monitoring  Committees.  Further  joint  meetings  will  be  held  in  1998.  Joint  measures  have  been 
devised, including improving coordination of implementation schedules. 

The mid-term evaluation  in  1997 found  that  the  projects  financed  through  Interreg  were of a good 
quality.  However,  appropriations  should  be  used  more  quickly,  particularly  by  the  programmes 
concerning the Union's external frontiers. 

As regards the industrial conversion Initiatives, seven projects  under Rechar II were adopted in 1997 
and 14 under Résider H. 

Although a number of pilot projects concerning  information  technologies  and the environment were 
begun under the SMEs Initiative, progress is still slow. 

The Urban programmes for Vienna and Graz are progressing satisfactorily. 

The  Ministry  of  Labour  asked  the  labour  market  agency  to  manage  the  two  human  resources 
Initiatives  Employment  and  Adapt,  which  facilitates  implementation  of  the  programmes.  In spring 
1997  these  two  Initiatives  were  the  subject  of  a  mid-term  evaluation  which  showed  that  the 
decentralised  selection  process  had  worked  well  but  there  still  scope  for  improvement  in  the 
administrative procedures. In 1997 some 52 projects  were adopted  under Employment and 27 under 
Adapt. 

Despite  the  delays  in  beginning  programmes  under  the  Leader  II  Initiative,  the  level  of 
implementation  is satisfactory.  The programmes were implemented  in conjunction  with those under 
Objective 5(b). 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

93 

2.2.12.  PORTUGAL 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

OBJECTIVE 1 

The whole of Portugal is eligible under Objective 1. 

Measures to assist small businesses in Portugal 

The  total  contribution  of  the  Funds  to  the  development  of  small  businesses  in  Portugal  under 
Objective  1 during the current programming period (1994-99) is estimated at ECU 2.7 billion. 

An example is the FACAP project  (Fâbrica de Calçado PEDIP) (PEDIP shoe factory)  to develop 56 
new  machines  and  systems  covering  all  the  activities  of  small  firms  in  the  footwear  sector.  New 
technologies have been introduced, including water-jet cutting, CAD systems and robots. The project 
entails an investment of ECU 11 million and is being implemented by a consortium of  11 small  firms 
in the footwear  sector, two in the capital goods sector, a management consultant  and two engaged in 
technological  infrastructure. 

As  part  of  the  PEDIP  programme  for  industry,  a  factory  producing  technical  glass  (Normax) 
introduced  a  quality  assurance  scheme  and  secured  an  ISO  9002  certificate  at  the  end  of  1995. 
Normax is a small firm with about  100 workers and exports around 40% of its production. Its product 
range includes  1 200 items, most intended for  use in health and education. Because requirements in 
these sectors are very stringent, establishment of a quality assurance scheme and its recognition by the 
certification  agency are essential to the future of the  firm. 

The PEDIP II programme  is also financing  a demonstration  project  providing  support  for  industrial 
productivity. Using the slogan "quick answers and flexible production", Pizarro & Cardoso submitted 
an innovative project offering  dyeing and bleaching for knitwear and cloth. It employs 63 workers and 
has  a  turnover  of  ECU  3 million.  The  cost  of  the  project,  which  concerns  automated  production, 
particularly  in  the  dyeing  laboratory  and  the  bleaching  machines,  is  about  ECU  1.1  million.  The 
project also includes establishment of a computerised system to manage all the firm's  activities which 
increased productivity by 10% and improved the overall quality of the finished product. 

During  1997 the evaluation reports for the various programmes were completed. The mid-term review 
was  also  concluded  and  this  led  to  a number  of  amendments  to  the  CSF  for  Portugal  although  it 
showed  that  there  was  no need  for  alterations  to the  strategy  adopted.  Four  main  guidelines  were 
identified: job-creation, the environment, new technologies and basic transport  infrastructure. 

The main changes made to the CSF were as follows: 

• 

additional  funding  for  the education  programme of ECU  10.2 million  from  the ERDF and ECU 
13.4 million from the ESF. One result of this extra funding  will be the construction of  1 200 new 
classrooms in schools; 

extra funding  of ECU  13.4 million from the ESF for the programme on bases for knowledge and 
innovation  to  finance  new  programmes  for  education  and  training  and  meet  the  demand  for 
vocational education, adult education and vocational guidance; 

a further ECU 35.7 million from the ESF for the vocational training and employment programme, 
of which ECU 5.1 million will be spent on training in the tourism sector; 

a further ECU 35.8 million from the ERDF and ECU 10.2 million from the ESF to give extra help 
to small firms under the industry sub-programme; 

94 

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _„ 

^  Annual  RePort of the Structural Funds (1997) 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

an increase of ECU  133 million  to regional  progreammes under the ERDF of  which 44% will  go 
to the environment (water treatment and treatment of urban and industrial waste); 

a  transfer  to  the  telecommunications  sub-programme  of  ECU  9.4  million,  of  which  ECU  7.1 
million  was for a new measure concerning  the information  society.  This measure  will  encourage 
links between schools and the Internet network, the development of electronic  shopping and pilot 
projects to stimulate electronic information on public services in certain urban areas; 

a  further  ECU  34  million  for  the  north/south  rail  link  and  the  extension  of  the  Lisbon 
underground; 

an extra ECU  17.8 million from the ESF to boost the support system for micro firms and relaunch 
local employment initiatives under the regional development programme; 

a transfer  of  ECU  13 million  to  the  agriculture  sub-programme  in  the  economic  modernisation 
OP. 

In addition, a further ECU  16.7 million (ECU 9.2 million from the EAGGF and ECU 7.5 million from 
the ESF) was allocated to the Azores and ECU  15.5 million from the ESF to Madeira. 

These transfers were financed by reductions of allocations to some programmes, mainly energy (ECU 
13.8  million),  training  in agriculture  (ECU  30.5  million), commerce  (ECU 50 million)  and the  local 
development of agriculture (ECU  15 million). 

The mid-term review  also demonstrated  that Portugal  is  one  of  the Member States  which  makes the 
best use of the Funds: 70% of assistance was committed and 56% paid by the end of  1997, well above 
the Community average. 

The  key  indicators  also  show  that  implementation  at  the  mid-term  point  was  often  ahead  of  the 
original estimates.  By the end of  1996, construction  of  motorways  and main roads had reached 74% 
of  the  target  set  for  1999.  In  the  telecommunications  sector,  the  goal  set  for  1999  of  reaching  the 
average rate of telephone provision  in the Union  (42 lines per  100 people) was reached by the end of 
1996. 

The progress of programmes continued  in  1997 as it had in  1996, at a good level  in both physical and 
financial terms  in almost  all  cases.  Even  the  programme  to promote  regional  development  potential 
and that to foster  social  integration,  which  had encountered  start-up difficulties  from  1994  to  1996, 
finally  achieved  an  excellent  rate  of  implementation.  The  programme  on  vocational  training  and 
employment slowed down slightly in  1997 as the result of changes in the legislation implementing the 
ESF in Portugal intended to improve the quality of the system. 

The  integrated  development  project  for  the  Alqueva  area  of  the  Alentejo  (PEDIZA)  was  also 
approved  in  1997.  The  Structural  Funds  are  contributing  ECU  203.1  million  towards  a total  public 
investment  of  ECU  376.7  million.  This  programme  is  one  of  the  largest  integrated  regional 
development projects so far financed  by the Structural Funds. It is based on the construction of a dam 
on the river Guadiana and should provide a strategic water reserve of 4  150 cu. hm., regulate the flow 
of the river and irrigate  110 000 ha. The programme  includes a series of environmental  provisions to 
guarantee water quality and preserve  natural  areas. There  is also a Commission  decision  on the part-
financing  of the hydro-electric power station by the Cohesion Fund (ECU 64.5 million). 

One of  the main challenges  to be  met by Community  assistance  for  human resources  is  that 75% of 
the population  of Portugal  has received  only  the  six  years of  compulsory  education. The ESF has to 
make an extra effort  to deal with this situation. This means that initial training and apprenticeship and 
further  training  for  young  people  who  have  dropped  out  of  education  must  be  a  priority  for  the 
vocational  training  and  employment  programme.  At  the  same  time,  the  other  human  resources 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

programmes must improve access to training for workers in small firms, who constitute the bulk of the 
labour force in Portugal but do not generally participate in training and skill-raising measures. 

There  was  some  delay  in implementing  aquaculture  measures  in the fisheries  sub-programme  of the 
economic modernisation OP. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

Most programmes progressed satisfactorily in 1997. Those which encountered most difficulties  in this 
respect were Urban and SMEs. 

The reprogramming  of Interreg II A Portugal-Spain meant that funds not implemented  in  1994,  1995 
and  1996  could  be  redistributed  to  later  years  and  the  resources  provided  by  indexation  could  be 
allocated. 

Under Interreg II B, natural gas networks, the introduction  of natural  gas started in  1997. This is the 
first  time this source of energy is being used in Portugal. 

Under  Interreg  II  C  a  new  programme  to  combat  drought  was  approved  by  the  Commission  in 
September. The Community will contribute ECU 6.2 million to help improve the monitoring of water 
resources and make the best use of water intended for agriculture. It includes financing  studies on the 
impact of  drought, a pilot irrigation project and measures to promote cooperation  among  the various 
levels  of  the Portuguese  administration  and with the authorities  of  other countries concerned  by this 
type of problem. 

As  regards  human  resources,  113  projects  were  selected  for  the  Employment  Initiative  under  the 
second  call  for  projects.  AU four  strands  of  the  Initiative  stress  training,  systems  development, job-
creation  and  publicity  and  public  awareness.  Under  the  Adapt  Initiative  70  projects  were  selected. 
Training  is  well  represented  and  the  priorities  selected  by  the  projects  are  support  for  small firms, 
anticipatory measures and new forms of work organisation. 

All  47  local  action  groups  under  Leader  II  have  now  been  chosen  and  the  projects  are  being 
implemented. The  1997 annual instalment was committed and the first and second advances were paid 
during that year. 

After a slow  start, the single instalment for Pesca was committed by the three Funds involved (FIFG, 
ERDF, ESF). A Community contribution of ECU 3.6 million to 175 projects was approved in 1997. 

96 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

2.2.13.  FINLAND 

J_ 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in Finland: 

The  Funds'  contribution  to the development  of  SMEs  under  Objectives  2 and  6 amounts  to about 
ECU 93 million in the current period, 33% of which is under Objective 2 and 67% under Objective 6. 
Most of the aid relates to advice for  SMEs, their networking and the promotion  of an international 
outlook. 

Objective 2: In the Paiiat-Hame region  (Lahti), the ESF granted  a furniture  technology  and design 
project  ECU 400 000 in part-funding  (towards a total cost of ECU 2.2 million). This private sector 
project  is helping furniture  enterprises to improve their competitiveness  with a view to creating jobs 
in the sector. To this end, the manufacturers, raw materials producers and training organisations have 
been  invited  to  cooperate  through  a  network.  The  network  allows  the  enterprises  to  make  their 
specific  training needs known; the resulting training sessions are thus perfectly  tailored  to the needs 
of each participating  SME and this is the project's  key asset. For example, in February  1998 Sotka 
Finland Oy won the Ministry of Labour's prize for "Best Employer of the Year", in recognition of its 
advanced training policy. The company, owned by its 268 workers, has 36 furniture  shops in Finland, 
Moscow and  St Petersburg and plans to set up in Estonia. The entire "furniture  technology" project 
has so far resulted in the organisation of training in 55 enterprises, the creation of some  160 jobs and 
the preservation of a further 840. 

In a project  funded  in the region of Kymenlaakso in South-East Finland, 36 small and medium-sized 
logistics enterprises have regrouped their services to cater to foreign enterprises wishing to use South-
East Finland as a base for trade with Russia. 

Objective  5(b): the projects  offer  aid  to SMEs  in the  form  of  studies  prior  to their  establishment, 
start-up  aid,  advice,  aid  for  investment  or  product  development  and  aid  for  the  use  of  new 
technologies. About 1  200 new enterprises have been created as a result, including 350 farm holdings. 

Objective 6:  in the North Karelia region the programme funds  training and  research  into moulding 
and tool manufacture  for enterprises involved in plastics or metal production and which have a strong 
presence  in  the region. The aim is to develop a "hub of excellence" in this field, linked  to foreign 
companies  and  research  and  training  centres.  Near  Oulu,  in  the  North  Ostrobothnia  region,  the 
Objective  6 programme  helps  SMEs  in  the  micro-electronics  industry  to  set  up  in  the  Micropolis 
centre. Loans to create micro-enterprises that include a special budget line for businesswomen  are to 
be included in the programmes in 1998. 

' 

OBJECTIVE 2 

The  final  text  of  the  programme  for  the  new  period  was  approved  in  April.  With  the  experience 
gained  in  the  first  programming  period  and  the  simplifications  made  to  the  structure  of  the new 
programme, the regions were able to start work quickly and by the end of the year 44% of the budget 
for the new programme had been committed. The clearance of accounts for the 1995-96 phase saw the 
transfer  of some ECU  16.15 million to  1997-99 and highlighted  the shortcomings  in the monitoring 
arrangements. Remedial measures were taken. About 5 000 new jobs were created by the end of 1996. 
The new programme aims to create more than 10 000 new jobs. 

The funds committed by the end of  1997 for the entire  1995-99 period amounted to about 58% of the 
Community contribution, which points to full implementation by the end of the period. 

9th Annual Report  of the Structural Funds (1997) 

97 

In  terms  of  human  resources,  the  mid-term  evaluation  carried  out  in  1997  indicates  that  the  ESF 
assistance is too often  based on supply whereas it should instead reflect  more closely the real needs of 
the SMEs in the areas concerned. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

Since  the  start  of  the  prograrnming  period  in  1995, 490  Objective  3 projects  have  been  launched. 
Training scheme participants number 68 000, 75% of the target for 1995-99. 

In the case of Objective 4, some 380 projects have been launched and more than 20 000 SMEs have 
participated.  Participants  in  training  and  advisory  schemes  number  69 000,  equivalent  to  85% of 
expectations  for  the entire programming period. However, the length  of training per participant has 
been shorter than planned. 

No transfers  between  priorities, no fusion  of measures or amendments thereto were made as a result 
of  the interim  assessment. The only  change  made was a transfer  of  ECU 9 million  out  of  the ESF 
within  the  "Youth"  priority.  The  amounts  resulting  from  the  indexation  for  1996  and  1997 were 
allocated  to the  best  performing  measures  and to technical  assistance  with a view  to promoting the 
territorial employment pacts. 

Objective 4's flexibility has been enhanced by merging two small measures with the measure entitled 
"development of staff  working skills". 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

Expenditure under the measures to improve the efficiency  of agricultural structures went as a priority 
to compensatory allowances for less-favoured  regions (90% of the expenditure). The remaining funds 
are being  used  for  investment  projects  and  installation  aid  for  young  farmers.  Some  1  200  farmers 
were assisted in 1997 and  180 farmers received investment aid. 

Aid measures for  the processing and marketing of agricultural products were adopted in  1995. They 
focus  mainly  on the meat sector (45% of the aid) and milk and milk products (40%). By the end of 
1997, the Finnish authorities had approved  133 projects costing a total of ECU 158 million. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) fisheries 

Implementation  speeded up significantly  in  1997 with the approval of some 700 projects. By the end 
of  the  year,  all  the  appropriations  for  the period  had  been  committed  and  80% had  been  paid  out. 
Aquaculture continues to be somewhat behind schedule because the market has been heavily  affected 
by large quantities of Norwegian salmon. The mid-term evaluation report was delivered at the end of 
1997 and resulted in the first amendment to the financing plan. 

OBJECTIVE 5(b) 

The areas eligible under Objective  5(b) have a population of  1.1 million, i.e. one fifth of the Finnish 
population,  and  cover  one  quarter  of  the  country's  surface  area.  These  regions  are  very  sparsely 
populated (11.5 inhabitants/km2 on average) and are highly dependent on agriculture. 

The  Objective  5(b)  programmes  concentrate  on  SME  diversification  and  improvement,  the 
establishment  of  rural  services  and  the  attractiveness  of  rural  areas. Another  major  objective  is to 
adapt  rural  areas  to  the  CAP.  The  structure  of  Finnish  agriculture  should  improve  through  the 
development  of  new,  quality  products  and  greater  cooperation  between  farmers  and  other  rural 
enterprises. The programme for the Aland Islands places the main emphasis on tourism and SMEs and 
on sustainable  development  projects. Environmental  protection  is taken  into account  horizontally in 
all Finnish  regions through the involvement  of the environmental  authorities  in the decision-making 
process at regional level. Furthermore, since the start of the programme, 15 000 individuals have gone 
on training schemes part-funded  by the ESF. 

98 

9,h Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

The programmes'  overall  objectives  are  to close  the gap between  the economic  productivity  of  the 
Objective 5(b) regions and the other regions, to create and preserve jobs, to reduce unemployment, to 
slow down the decrease in the number of farm holdings, to encourage diversification  in farm activities 
and to improve skills. 

The mid-term evaluation delivered in the autumn noted that the partnership had improved. The report 
stresses  the  need  to improve  the  programmes'  administrative  structures. Lastly, regional  disparities 
are increasing, notably between the rural regions, where the population continues to decrease, and the 
others. 

OBJECTIVE 6 

The  mid-term  evaluation  was completed  in  December  and  resulted  in  a number  of  changes  to the 
programmes.  Some  measures  in  particular  were  merged,  funding  was  transferred  from  poorly 
performing  measures to those  which had exhausted  their funding,  in particular  the measures on the 
economic environment, training and unemployment  prevention. Since  1995, 21 000 individuals have 
been trained on schemes part-financed  by the ESF. The ESF's "information  society" measure has also 
had  its  funding  increased.  The  amounts  resulting  from  the  indexation  for  1996  and  1997  were 
allocated at the same time. In addition, measures were introduced to grant loans to micro-enterprises. 

The measures on the effectiveness  of agricultural  structures  and rural development made up for  the 
time lost because of their late start. On the other hand, the measures on the processing and marketing 
of  agricultural  products  and  the establishment  of  producer  groups  for  agricultural  and  horticultural 
products are still somewhat behind schedule. 

2. 

Community Initiatives 

The funding  for  all the Interreg II A programmes has been fully  committed. Payments, on the other 
hand,  are  behind  schedule  for  all  the  programmes  because  of  administrative  bottlenecks.  The first 
evaluation  reports  recommended  a  more  meticulous  selection  of  the  projects  to  be  funded  and 
proposed a number of criteria to this end. The procedural and budgetary differences  between Interreg 
IIA and Tacis have made it difficult  to fund genuine cross-border projects with Russia. 

In  1997 the Commission approved the Interreg II C programme for the Baltic and North Sea regions. 
The Finnish component is fully committed already, and 50% has been paid out. 

A second programme, the Helsinki/Vantaa Urban programme, was approved in April and funded  out 
of the reserve. The Joensuu Urban programme is progressing most satisfactorily  since all the  funding 
was committed by year-end and 50% has been paid out. 

Implementation  of  the  SME programme  has  also  speeded  up after  a slow  start; all  the  funds  were 
committed by the end of the year. 

On the human resources side,  128 projects  under the Employment and Adapt Initiatives were chosen 
from the two calls for projects in 1996 and  1997. The projects involve 509 transnational partnerships, 
mostly with the United Kingdom, Italy and Germany. 

Half of the programme promoters are non-governmental organisations or municipalities, the other half 
are public authorities, in particular institutes of higher education. The planned number of participants 
is around 6 000 for the Employment  Initiative and 4 000 for Adapt. About 5 000 individuals have so 
far participated in the projects under these two Initiatives. 

In the case  of Leader  H,  10 local  action  groups  were chosen  in the  Objective  6 regions  and began 
work  in  the  spring.  Implementation  was  somewhat  delayed  because  of  the  late  decision  on  the 
allocation of funding  to the various groups and because of delays in implementing the ESF measures. 
Nevertheless, 238 projects had been approved and 30% of the available funding paid out by the end of 
1997. In the Objective  5(b) areas,  12 local  action  groups  were selected  and about  350 projects  had 
started by the end of 1997. The national Leader II network was set up in 1997. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

^^ 

99 

2.2.14.  SWEDEN 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small  businesses in Sweden 

The contribution  of the Funds to the development of small firms under the regionalised  Objectives  for 
the  period  1995-99  totalled  some  ECU  400  million,  34%  -under  Objective  2,  about  21%  under 
Objective  5(b)  and  45% under  Objective  6.  All  the  Swedish  programmes  are  heavily  biased  towards 
small firms. 

Objective 2: The main aim of the five Objective  2 programmes for  Sweden is to improve the business 
climate,  to  support  local  small  businesses  and  to  develop  the  tourism  sector.  The  following  general 
activities  have  been  undertaken  for  upgrading  skills  in  response  to  local  needs:  the  improvement  of 
vocational  training  to  meet  the  needs  of  local  firms,  training  existing  and  new  entrepreneurs, 
managers  and  employees  in  small  firms,  training  in  the  use  of  new  technologies,  placement  of 
graduates  in small firms, business  and  management  courses  for  women,  the creation  of  links between 
firms  and  knowledge  centres,  coordination  between  training,  education  and  research  institutes  at 
regional  level and the further  development  of distance learning. 

Objective  5(b):  ESF  measures  concentrate  on  raising  skill  levels  in  small  firms,  encouraging  use of 
R&TD in firms and creating links for cooperation  between universities and firms. 

Objective  6:  Under  the  development  of  skills  measure,  small  firms  are  encouraged  to work  in  close 
cooperation  with  research  centres  to  secure  better  access  to  R&TD.  There  is  support  for  internal 
training measures and the establishment  of firms by the Sami (Lapps). 

Two  projects  under  the  SMEs  Initiative  illustrate  how  the  Community  is  helping  small  firms  in 
Sweden: 

•  The  'integrated  production  via Internet'  network  aims to provide  a practical  demonstration  of the 
advantages  of  information  technologies  and  to  link  firms  with  other  partners  in  a  coherent  but 
flexible  environment.  There  are  also  opportunities  for  cooperation  at  a distance.  Some  30  small 
firms in four  sectors of activity were selected to try out this new system. 

The  innovation  and  enterprise  1997-99  project  seeks  to  develop  a  spirit  of  innovation  among 
small firms with good development  potential.  15 small firms from  the Vàrmland region are taking 
part. 

OBJECTIVE 2 

The  five  Objective  2  SPDs  contain  measures  to  improve  the  economic  environment,  support  local 
small  firms  and  expand  tourism.  Ambitious  targets  for  job-creation  were  set  (21  000)  and  actual 
achievements are in line with, or even ahead of,  forecasts. 

Following the mid-term evaluation,  the Monitoring  Committees decided  to make some changes to the 
programmes. These  entailed  the  allocation  of  resources  from  indexation,  financial  transfers  between 
measures, an increase  in the rate of Community  part-financing  for  some measures, the introduction  of 
a new measure "regionalt utvecklingsstocT and the merger of some measures. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

Since  the  Objective  3 SPD  was  adopted  late,  in  December  1995, measures  did  not  really  begin  until 
autumn  1996. Since then the number of projects  and participants has increased  considerably,  reaching 
about  1 190 projects  and  90 000 participants  by  the  end  of  1997. About  20% of  those  who  finished 

100 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

their  training  in  August  1997  have  found  a job.  Training  in  computer  skills  for  young  people  was 
unexpectedly  successful.  Overall,  more  women  (53%)  than  men  have  taken  part  in  these  measures, 
except amongst  immigrants (44% women). 

The  diversification  of  the  partnership  increased  during  1997; although  local  authorities  are  the  main 
project  promoters,  their  share  fell  considerably  as  that  of  other  parties  in  the  social  economy  grew. 
The participation  of private firms as project  promoters  grew  considerably  over the two-year  period  to 
28% in  1997. 

The Objective 4 SPD was also adopted  late (in February  1996). 77% of its resources are allocated to a 
system to alter  the organisation  of  work  and  individual  training  for  target  groups  in  small firms. The 
mid-term  evaluation  recommended  some  improvements  and  some  transfers  among  measures.  The 
study  showed  that  the  programme  had  been  very  beneficial  in  terms  of  both  employment  and  the 
internal development  of small firms. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a)  agriculture 

The  system  of  compensatory  allowances  introduced  in  1995  accounts  for  the  bulk  of  the  funds 
allocated  to  the  improvement  of  agricultural  structures:  24  000  farmers  received  compensatory 
allowances in  1997. A measure to assist the installation  of young farmers  began in  1996 and  benefited 
about  155  young  farmers  in  1997, raising  total  beneficiaries  to  800.  This  figure  is,  however,  below 
estimates  and  is falling  from  one year to the next. At  the end  of  1996, a system of investment  aid  for 
agricultural  holdings  was approved  but  it  was not  implemented  until  1997 and  only  87 farmers  have 
benefited  so  far.  The  projects  concern  environmental  protection,  the  protection  of  animals  and 
diversification  of activity. 

Aid  for  the production  and  marketing  of agricultural  products  was adopted  in March  1996. The main 
sectors  concerned  are  meat  and  milk  and  milk  products.  Most  projects  in  the  meat  sector  are 
concerned  with improving hygiene. 

In  addition  ECU  56  million  was  transferred  from  unused  Objective  5(a)  measures  to  programmes 
under  Objectives  6 (ECU 43.3 million) and  5(b)  (ECU  7.7  million)  and  an  innovative  measures  until 
Article  10 of the ERDF Regulation. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a)  fisheries 

Investment  plays  an important role in the fish processing, modernisation  and fleet renovation  sectors. 
Following  the  mid-term  evaluation,  the  Monitoring  Committee  decided  to  allocate  the  amounts 
derived from  indexation. 

OBJECTIVE  5(b) 

After  a slow  start  in autumn  1996, with  the exception  of  some  measures,  implementation  of  the five 
SPDs speeded  up considerably  during  1997. Initial administrative problems had an impact on the state 
of  payments  but  there  was  a  considerable  improvement  because  of  the  generally  high  level  of 
commitments.  As  a result  of  the  mid-term  evaluation,  the  Monitoring  Committees  for  Vâsterbotten-
Gavle-Dala,  Gotland  and  Skàrgarden  proposed  amendments  to  speed  implementation  involving 
transfer  of  finance  among  measures  and  a higher  rate  of  Community  part-financing.  In  1997 Sweden 
also  proposed  transferring  the  ECU  7.7  million  not  used  under  Objective  5(a)  to  Objective  5(b)  to 
provide  loans  to  young  businessmen  under  the  five  SPDs  and  for  measures  on  Gotland  to  offset 
closure of a sugar plant on the island. 

OBJECTIVE 6 

The  Objective  6  SPD  seeks  to create  9 500 new jobs  and  900  firms.  The  mid-term  evaluation  found 
that  those  figures  would  be reached  as planned.  At  its November  meeting  the Monitoring  Committee 
decided  on  certain  amendments:  part  of  the  product  of  indexation  for  1996  and  1997  was  allocated 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

l01 

and  the  transfer  of  ECU  43.3  million  from  Objective  5(a)  was  noted.  The  number  of  measures  was 
reduced  from  30  to  25  and  the  rate  of  Community  part-finance  was  increased  from  50%  to  75%  for 
the measures  concerning  local  and  rural  development  and  the raising  of  reindeer  by  the  Sami. A new 
project  was  introduced,  the  "regionalt  utvecklingsstôd",  to  part-finance  project  to  promote  small 
firms. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

During  1997 implementation  of  the eight  Interreg  II A programmes  in  which  Sweden  is  participating 
speeded  up considerably  and  all  the  assistance  had  been  committed  by  the  end  of  the  year  and  30% 
paid.  The  level  of  payments  to  final  beneficiaries,  however,  is  still  low.  During  the  year,  two 
programmes  (Nordic  green  belt  and  North  Cape)  were  amended  to bring  geographical  coverage  into 
line with the structure of the decision  on measures concerning the Sami. 

The  Interreg  II  C  programmes  for  the  Baltic  Sea  and  North  Sea  were  both  approved  in  December 
1997. Nevertheless, payments for the Baltic Sea programme already amount to 50%. 

The Urban  Initiative  for  Malmô (Sweden's  third  city)  was  not  approved  until  December  1996 but  all 
the appropriations  had been committed  by the end of  1997. 

The  SMEs  Initiative, for  regions  eligible  under Objectives  2, 5(b) and  6, was  approved  in July  1996. 
By  the end  of  1997 all the  appropriations  had been committed  and  30% paid.  One  of  the  aims  of  the 
programme  is  to  link  1  000  small  firms  with  other  firms  or  organisations  in  Sweden  through  a 
network. 

Konver,  the  only  industrial  conversion  Initiative  in  which  Sweden  participates, concerns  the cities of 
Karlskoga  and  Karlsborg.  The  programme  was  approved  in  1996 and  by  the end  of  1997 about  34% 
of  the  appropriations  had  been  paid  to  the  Member  State  although  no  payment  to  the  final 
beneficiaries  were made during the year. 

Although  the  Leader  II  national  network  was  not  adopted  until  1997,  implementation  of 
appropriations  is very good  with  100% committed and 40% paid. 

The  first  call  for  human  resources  projects  resulted  in  47  being  adopted  under  Employment  and  24 
under  Adapt.  158  and  100  transnational  partnerships  respectively  were  entered  into,  mostly  with 
partners  in  Germany,  Italy,  the  United  Kingdom  and  Spain.  A  Nordic  cooperation  project  on  the 
dissemination  of  good  practice  was  established  in  1997. The  second  call  for  projects  resulted  in  71 
being selected  under Employment  and 32 under Adapt. 

The  Pesca  Community  Initiative  concerns  16  municipalities  dependent  on  fisheries,  mostly  on  the 
west  coast.  An  information  campaign  will  begin  in  1998  to  improve  use  of  the  funds.  In  addition 
national  funds,  as well as those from regions and counties, will be available. 

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9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

2.2.15.  UNITED  KINGDOM 

1. 

The major achievements of the Funds by Objective 

Measures to assist small businesses in the United  Kingdom 

The  contribution  of  the  Funds  to  the  development  of  small  businesses  under  the  regionalised 
Objectives  is estimated  at ECU 2.4 billion, comprising  25% for  Objective  1, about  56% for  Objective 
2  and  19% for  Objective  5(b).  The  Community  Initiatives  provide  an  additional  sum  of  about  ECU 
120 million  for these firms. 

Objective  1: In Merseyside the business university  project  managed  by the University  of Liverpool  is 
intended  to  help  local  firms  and  assist  graduates  of  the  university  to  find  jobs  in  them.  Under  this 
measure,  local  firms  receive  grants  to  take  on  young  graduates  in  areas  such  as  the  development  of 
information  technology  systems and  the creation  of marketing  activities. The young graduates  receive 
intensive  training  in  business  techniques  and  are  taken  on  by  firms  for  six  months,  after  which  they 
may be recruited.  So far,  1 200 projects  have been  set  up in  small firms on Merseyside, 550 new jobs 
have  been  created  and  some  2 000  unemployed  graduates  have  found  work.  After  recruitment,  about 
70% of them have remained  in firms in the area. The business university  expects to reach 5 000 small 
firms  in  the  areas  and,  more  specifically,  75%  of  those  designated  in  the  Merseyside  economic 
programme as having a high growth potential. 

An  advisory  service  on  information  and  communications  technologies  has  been  established  in  the 
Highlands  & Islands  region  of  Scotland.  It  was  first  set  up  under  the Leader  I Initiative  but  has now 
become  a three-year  project  under  Objective  1. The  ERDF originally  provided  ECU  131 500 but  the 
success of the project  has resulted  in a second phase, with a contribution  of ECU 360 000. The  project 
seeks  to stimulate  investment  by  small  firms  in  the  information  technologies  by  offering  an  advisory 
service  and,  in particular,  identifying  new  opportunities  for  investment  and  adapting  measures  to the 
specific  needs of each small firm and  the skills of its workforce.  It also helps small firms to overcome 
the computer problems posed by the turn of the century. It has resulted  in the creation  of more than 50 
full-time  distance-working  jobs  in  the  Western  Isles,  especially  those  which  are  most  remote.  The 
advisory  service  project  is linked  to other  European  projects  such  as ITSCAN,  an  initiative  taken by 
the Scottish Office  which supports projects  in partnership with bodies in Scandinavia  under Article  10 
of the ERDF Regulation. 

Objective  2: Each  of  the  13 SPDs  approved  in  1997  includes  a more detailed  analysis  of  the  role of 
small  firms  in each regional  economy  and  a commitment  to  monitor  measures  better  and  concentrate 
more  on  small  firms.  The  SPDs  now  include  a  specific  priority  for  small  firms,  which  enables 
measures to be targeted  more accurately  on  small  businesses  than  was possible  with the  more  general 
measures to support  economic  activity  and  promote  infrastructure  in previous programmes. Each new 
programme  includes a better definition  of the range of measures to be financed  at all stages of the  life 
of  the  small  firm,  from  creation  to  the  financing  of  expansion  including  access  to  venture-capital 
funds  at regional  level. 

In  North-East  England,  the  New  Enterprise  Strategy  for  small  firms  was  set  up  by  the  Teesside 
Training  and  Enterprise  Council  in  1995  to  stimulate  growth  in  new  firms  and  create  jobs  in  the 
region. The ERDF and the ESF are providing  part-finance  of ECU .1.3 million towards  a total  cost of 
ECU  14.8  million.  The  project  comprises  a  support  network  of  local  partners  to  provide  advice  to 
those  setting  up firms, who are also offered  access  to a capital  grant  fund  provided  they undertake to 
create one new job. This gives them start-up capital of up to about ECU 4 600. So far,  this project has 
supported  over  1 800 regional  small firms, of  which 560 were set up by women. Furthermore, 77% of 
these small firms are still operating  18 months after  they were established,  which is a very  satisfactory 
survival  rate. Of  the  3 200 jobs  which  this project  has created  in  the region,  200 have  been filled by 
the long-term unemployed  and 600 by young people aged under 25. 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 

Objective  5(b):  Because  of  the  large  number  of  regions  which  have  a  large  number  of  small  and 
micro  firms,  the  SPDs  include  a range  of  measures  to develop  their  growth  potential.  In  _ _ _ _ __ 
England,  for  example,  most  of  the  funds  under  Objective  5(b)  go  to  the  small  firms  and  economic 
development  priority.  These  measures  include  targeted  training,  commercial  advice  and  support  for 
infrastructure  finance.  Some  40%  of  the  Community  contribution  goes  to  this  priority,  25%  to 
diversification  and  the  development  of  the  non-agricultural  sector  while  about  15%  is  spent  on 
measures to develop human resources. 

OBJECTIVE 1 

Three  regions  of  the  United  Kingdom  are  eligible  under  Objective  1:  Merseyside,  Highlands  & 
Islands and Northern  Ireland. 

Implementation  of the programmes in  1997 focused  on the mid-term evaluation and its consequences. 

This  resulted  in  changes  to  the  programme  for  Merseyside  in  July,  mainly  by  reducing  finance  for 
infrastructure  (including  transport)  to  benefit  economic  development  measures  in  the  most  deprived 
areas. A new measure to develop information  and communications  technologies was added. 

In  the  Highlands  &  Islands,  the  mid-term  evaluation  recommended  some  adjustments  but  without 
affecting  the  basic  strategy  of  improving  the targeting  of  ESF  measures  on  those  genuinely  excluded 
from  society.  Implementation  of  the programme  for  the  fisheries  sector  was  speeded  up  and  projects 
approved  account for  53% of total  investment. 

In  Northern  Ireland,  some  of  the  funds  made  available  through  indexation  of  earlier  years  were 
allocated.  No  finance  was  transferred  among  priorities  and  the  bulk  of  changes  concerned  the 
transport  sector, which received  a further  ECU 28 million  to improve public transport. Other changes, 
although  minor  in terms of the financing  plan,  were  important  in  terms  of priorities: greater  attention 
was devoted to the most disadvantaged  groups, all Monitoring Committees included representatives of 
the  social  partners  and,  following  the  success  in  local  development  achieved  by  the  SPD  and  the 
Peace Initiative, a group was set up to look at how  local development  measures could  be  rationalised. 
Measures  for  investment  in  agriculture  were  placed  in  suspense,  mainly  because  of  inadequate 
matching  funds  from  national  public  and  private  sources.  As  elsewhere  in  the  United  Kingdom,  the 
BSE  crisis  delayed  all  planned  agricultural  investment.  Implementation  of  the  fisheries  programme 
speeded  up and an extra ECU  1.5 million was allocated to the FIFG. 

In  general,  the  mid-term  evaluation  for  the  three  regions  concerned  concentrated  on  improving  the 
monitoring  of  programmes  and  the  objectives  to  be  achieved  in  terms  of  impact  (particularly  job-
creation and meeting the needs of the long-term unemployed). 

OBJECTIVE 2 

The  13  SPDs  for  Objective  2  covering  1997  to  1999  were  approved  between  April  and  July.  The 
social  partners  formed  part  of  the  Monitoring  Committees  for  the  first  time  in  the  United  Kingdom 
and  local  elected  representatives  now  participate  regularly.  The  social  partners  are  normally 
represented  by  the  regional  offices  of  the  Trades  Union  Congress  and  the  Confederation  of  British 
Industry.  The  main  innovation  as  regards  the  management  of  the  programmes  is  the  adoption  of 
strategies  to  guide  the  implementation  of  priorities  under  the  SPDs  and  to  help  select  projects  and 
measures. 

Many  Monitoring  Committees  make  use  of  expert  groups  when  implementing  programmes.. An 
example  is the programme  for North-East England,  where the Monitoring Committee  set up a working 
party  on  equal  opportunities  to  monitor  progress  in  this  field  and  exchange  good  practice  between 
projects. Some regions also set up a group on the environment. 

104 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

Greater  attention  was paid  to job-creation  through  support  for  the establishment  and  growth  of  small 
firms  and  more  focused  support  for  investment.  Most  of  the  SPDs  made  it  a  specific  priority  to 
encourage community  economic  development  projects,  especially  those  of  urban  communities, in the 
most  disadvantaged  areas  of  Objective  2.  Each  Objective  2  SPD  included  a  requirement  for  a 
comprehensive  review  of  baseline  information  and  of  activity, output  and  impact  targets  within  six 
months  of  the first Monitoring  Committee  meeting. This  will  reinforce  the  monitoring  and  evaluation 
of programmes. 

By  the  end  of  1997  virtually  all  ESF  assistance  had  been  committed.  Few  commitments  under  the 
ERDF  were  made  during  the  year  because  the  Monitoring  Committees  concentrated  primarily  on 
defining  and  approving  action  plans  and  integrated  sets  of  projects  ready  for  forthcoming  financing. 
Commitment  of ERDF assistance under individual projects  was fairly  limited. 

Because programmes from  the first period (1994-96)  were not completed,  some ECU  155 million was 
transferred  to 1997-99. 

OBJECTIVES 3 and 4 

A  new  SPD  for  Objective  3  to  cover  the  period  1997-99  was  adopted  in  December  1996.  A  new 
implementing  structure  was  introduced  to  identify  the  needs  of  each  region  clearly.  In  future  the 
regional  committees  will  manage the allocation  of  funds  at  local  level. These  committees  are chaired 
by government  appointees  and  also include representatives  of  each  economic  sector and  of the social 
partners. Each region draws up a plan for its development  setting out, in the framework  of the SPD, its 
strategy  and  priorities, backed  up by quantified  data. This new regionalised  system of  implementation 
has allowed  the Monitoring Committee to demonstrate  how  measures  implemented  under Objective  3 
complement  those under Objectives  2 and 5(b) and the Community  Initiatives. 

On  18 November  1997, the United Kingdom authorities  submitted  their programme under Objective 4 
to  the  Commission.  Negotiations  on  the  SPD  for  1998-99  began  immediately  and  the  Commission 
adopted  it on  13 March  1998. The ESF will contribute ECU 247.4 million towards a total cost of ECU 
549.6 million. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a) agriculture 

Of the ECU  138 million earmarked for  the improvement  of agricultural  structures, about 95% is spent 
on compensatory  allowances.  In  1997 these concerned  some 58 000 holdings. The remaining  5% was 
used to finance  investment  projects. 

The  United  Kingdom  is  authorised  to  restrict  aid  for  the  production  and  marketing  of  agricultural 
products  in  England  to  projects  received  by  the  end  of  March  1996.  In  Scotland  and  Wales  these 
measures  will  continue  to  apply  until  the  end  of  1999.  As  a  result,  the  EAGGF  contribution  has 
shrunk from  its original ECU 227 million to ECU 51 million. 

Some  187 projects  had  been  approved  by  the  end  of  1997, mostly  in  the  fruit  and  vegetables,  meat, 
potatoes and  milk sectors. 

OBJECTIVE 5(a)  fisheries 

Over 33% of  investment  had  been approved  by the end  of  1997. These  measures  included  adjustment 
of  the fishing  effort  (decommissioning),  modernising  the  safety  of  vessels, production  and  marketing 
and  port  facilities.  Progress  is  expected,  particularly  in  Wales.  There  was  very  little  investment  in 
aquaculture  because of the lack of public aid. 

9lh Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

105 

The  fleet  decommissioning  project,  costing  a total  of ECU 21 million,  began  in  August  1997.  Under 
it,  108 additional  vessels  were  to be  decommissioned,  so bringing  the United  Kingdom  closer  to the 
targets to be achieved  under the Multiannual  Guidance Programme (MGP III). Some 700 vessels have 
been decommissioned  over the last five years. A report evaluating the decommissioning  system  in the 
United Kingdom has confirmed  the success of the scheme. 

After  lengthy  discussions  and  negotiations,  the  new  MGP  IV  for  1997-2001  was  approved  in 
December.  The  fishing  effort  will  be  cut  through  reductions  in  the  number  of  vessels  and  in  fishing 
activity. Objectives  have been  set for each sector of the industry. 

OBJECTIVE  5(b) 

All  11 programmes  followed  an  integrated  approach. The development  of  small  firms  and  agriculture 
are linked  wherever possible in order to maximise the impact of the programmes. 

The  interim evaluation  of the  11 programmes  is practically  complete. Provisional  results  confirm  the 
validity  of  the  original  strategies  and  financial  allocations,  to  which  few  amendments  are  proposed. 
Despite some reservations, the job-creation  targets in the programmes will probably be exceeded. 

As in the  case  of  Objective  5(a), the  social  partners  and  local  elected  representatives  may now  sit on 
the Monitoring  Committees. 

2. 

Community  Initiatives 

The  last  Community  Initiative  programmes  were  approved  at  the  end  of  1997:  three  under  SMEs 
(England  Objective  2,  England  Objective  5(b)  and  Merseyside)  and  four  under  Urban  (Brighton, 
Bristol, Coventry  and Leeds) plus the Interreg II C transitional programme for  the North  Sea in which 
the United  Kingdom is participating. 

The  SMEs  programmes  in  England  include  three  areas  for  action:  direct  aid  to  small  firms  to  help 
them develop  their own  strategies  in cooperation  with  international  partners, international  networking 
and  the  development  of  human  resources.  These  three  programmes  are  expected  to  result  in  the 
creation of 3 500 jobs over the next three years. 

As  a  result  of  the  allocation  of  the  reserve,  the  programmes  under  the  four  industrial  conversion 
programmes  (Konver,  Retex,  Résider  II and  Rechar  II)  were  extended  to  the  end  of  1999  and  given 
extra  funding. 

The  allocation  of  the  reserve  also  meant  that  four  new  programmes  were  adopted  under  Urban;  in 
addition,  the  Merseyside  programme  was  extended  to  include  Leasowe.  In  Northern  Ireland,  Urban 
includes  measures  for  cooperation  between  communities  to  supplement  the  classic  measures  for  the 
renovation of run-down  areas of Belfast  and Londonderry. 

Most  of  the  delays  in  implementing  payments  under  Peace  may  be  explained  by  the  system  of 
managing  funds,  which  go through  intermediary  financial  bodies and  district  partnerships.  Parliament 
approved  an additional ECU  100 million for Peace in the autumn and a decision  on a further  ECU  100 
million could be taken  in 1998. 

In the area  of  human  resources,  339 new  projects  under Employment  were  selected  as  a result  of  the 
second  call  for  projects.  Of  these,  48  concern  regions  eligible  under  Objective  1  (including  27  in 
Northern  Ireland). At the end  of  1997, the United  Kingdom authorities  proposed  transferring  ECU  16 
million  from  Adapt  to Employment  but this has not yet been done. 

The  second  call  for  projects  under  Adapt  resulted  in  the  selection  of  178,  of  which  14  were  in  the 
Objective  1  regions (9 in Northern  Ireland). However, the projects  adopted  absorbed  less funding  than 
anticipated,  which  led to the request  to make a transfer.  Even  after  this transfer,  however,  a large part 
of the assistance allocated  to Adapt will remain unused. Accordingly, the United Kingdom authorities, 

106 

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9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

in agreement with the Commission, proposed a third, limited, call for projects in connection  with the 
British government's University for industry in 1998. 

The lack of a national  network part-financed  by the European  Union causes problems for  Leader II 
and the failure  to reach unanimous agreement  oh the national  source of part-financing  threatens the 
implementation  of  measures.  Despite  the  progress  recorded  following  establishment  of  the  Leader 
action  groups  (LAGs)  in  the  Objective  5(b)  areas, programme  implementation  in  England  has not 
absorbed  all  the  funds  available.  One  of  the  main  difficulties  encountered  by  the  LAGs  in  the 
Objective  5(b)  areas  is  finding  regional  and  local  funding  to  match  Community  finance,  which 
impedes  the  progress  of  operations.  Some LAGs  have  begun  to develop  transnational  contacts. In 
Northern Ireland the 24 Leader groups selected have implemented the programme diligently. 

A number  of  working parties  were  set  up under the Pesca  Community  Initiative  to ensure  that  the 
projects meet real needs on the ground. Although the industry was initially suspicious of Pesca, it has 
welcomed many measures enthusiastically. Progress should improve in 1998. 

EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS 

CHAPTER 3: 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

109 

Evaluation  work carried out in  1997 had two objectives: 

• 

• 

to promote the efficient  use of the Funds; 

to prepare future  programming  of structural  assistance. 

The  first  action  programme  concerned  the  continuation  of  interim  evaluations  and  analysis  of  the 
effectiveness  of  assistance.  These  evaluations  also  provide  initial  input  for  the  next  programming 
period,  particularly  with  regard  to  the  preparation  of  development  plans  and  the  introduction  of 
appropriate methods of  management. 

The  second  area  of  work comprised  thematic  evaluations  at Community  level  on a limited  number of 
subjects  (small  firms,  R&D  and  innovation,  the  environment)  and  one  horizontal  subject  (the 
partnership).  These  thematic  evaluation  differ  from  interim  evaluations  in  that  they  look  at  cross-
sections - they seek to identify  strategic themes and assist in the closer study of some priorities. 

Evaluations  as a whole  try  to  look  at  the subject  of employment  as a horizontal  priority;  estimates of 
the  impact  of  assistance  on  employment  need  to be reliable  and  comparable  across  programmes.  The 
consolidation  of the methods and  instruments of evaluation, training, and publicity to users are also of 
considerable  importance. 

3.1. 

INTERIM  EVALUATIONS 

Interim  evaluations  of  all  the  Objectives  were  carried  out  during  1997  and  resulted  in  adjustments 
within programmes. 

Overview of the CSFs and SPDs for Objectives  1 and 6 

During  the  year  about  100 interim  evaluations  of  Objectives  1 and  6  were  carried  out  in  the  various 
Member  States  to  check  on  the  effectiveness  and  efficiency  of  assistance  and  the  quality  of 
management  systems. Where  appropriate,  they  could  propose any  changes  to the nature  of  assistance 
which appeared  necessary. 

The coverage of these evaluations  among the Member States, and indeed  between  programmes  within 
a  Member  State,  varied  considerably.  In  Italy,  for  example,  it  was  agreed  first  to  carry  out  an 
"internal" evaluation  at the level of the CSF since it had not proved possible to select the  independent 
assessors during  1997. 

For Objective  1  programmes, whose financial volume of Structural  Funds can be identified  at national 
level,  estimates  on  the  macroeconomic  impact  have  also  been  part  of  the  evaluations.  The 
predominant  methodology  of  macro-models  simulating  the  demand  and  supply  side  effects  of 
Structural  Funds  interventions  is  well  established  now,  although  further  methodological  progress  is 
needed  in some cases. In spite of the differences  in methods and results, all evaluations confirmed  the 
positive growth and employment  effects  of major  Objective  1 programmes. 

An  overview  of  the content  and  use  made of  these evaluations  will  be  set  out  in  a  separate  report  by 
the  Commission  to  be  prepared  in  mid-1998.  This  report  will  also  describe  the  extent  to  which  the 
guidelines  laid down  by the Commission  were taken  into account  when  assistance  was adjusted  at the 
mid-term point. 

Most  CSFs  and  SPDs  have  been  or  will  be  adjusted  in  this  way. With  the  exceptions  of  Merseyside, 
Ireland  and  Northern  Ireland,  these  are  being  made  during  the  first  half  of  1998. The  main  features 
available for Objective  1  are set out below. 

110 

9"h Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (199 7) 

External  evaluations  of  the operational  programmes  in  the new  German  Lander  were  carried  out  and 
the  results  submitted  to  the  Monitoring  Committees  and  various  sub-committees.  An  overall 
evaluation  at  the  level  of  the  CSF  involving  a  summary  of  the  evaluations  was  also carried  out.  The 
regional  authorities played a full  part in the evaluation  work but their impact on the implementation of 
assistance  remains  slight  because  of  the  large  number  of  financial  adjustments  made  during  the 
programmes. 

In  Burgenland  (Austria), each  stage  of  the  evaluation  report  was  discussed  in  the  partnership,  which 
resulted  in  a  number  of  recommendations.  These  stressed  the  need  for  a rationalisation  of  financial 
assistance  to firms and greater  support  for  the establishment  of  firms  and  tourist  projects  in  southern 
Burgenland  to  expand  job  opportunities  there.  The  interim  evaluation  also  pointed  to  the  need  for 
better  monitoring  (with  particular  regard  to the collection  of data)  and  closer  horizontal  coordination 
among  the  various  administrations.  The  financial  adjustments  were  slight  and  did  not  affect  the 
priorities for assistance. 

An  interim  evaluation  of  the  SPD  for  Hainaut  (Belgium)  was  carried  out  in  April  1997  and 
extensively  discussed  in  the  Monitoring  Committee.  On  the  basis  of  the  recommendations  in  the 
evaluation  report,  it  was  decided  to  redirect  certain  programming  choices.  The  measure  for  the 
restoration  of run-down  industrial  sites was abandoned  and  the resources devoted  to aid to firms. The 
medium  and  long-term  impact  expected  from  this  shift  should  make  structural  assistance  more 
effective. 

Evaluations  for  the  Spanish  Objective  1  regions  confirm 
that  programmes  are  progressing 
satisfactorily  in accordance  with the goals laid down. The main conclusion  which emerges at the level 
of  the  CSF  is  that  there  is  no  need  for  substantial  changes  to  the  assistance  being  implemented  but 
changes  in the monitoring  system  are required. The  main changes  in the original  CSF concern  greater 
aid  for  the productive  sector,  the inclusion  of  a new  sub-priority  in the  "information  society" priority 
and the financing  of the territorial pacts for  employment. 

Interim  evaluations  were  carried  out  in  the  French  Objective  1 regions.  The  report  for  Réunion  had 
not  been  completed  by  the  end  of  1997.  A  number  of  reprogrammings  were  made  for  Guadeloupe, 
French  Guiana  and  Martinique  to  speed  up  the  implementation  of  assistance.  Evaluations  in  those 
three  regions  showed  that  the  adjustments  made  had  been  correct  and,  in  the  case  of  Martinique  for 
example,  drew  attention  to  weaknesses  in  the  monitoring  system  which  sometimes  impeded 
reprogramming. 

The evaluation  report for  Corsica was completed  in June  1997 but had no operational  implications  for 
implementation. 

The interim evaluation  for Nord/Pas-de-Calais was based  on the monitoring  system established  by the 
regional  authorities.  Its recommendations  included  the  need  for  better  integration  of  the  work  of  the 
ERDF with  that  of the ESF and  stricter  application  of the  selection  criteria  in allocating  assistance  to 
small  firms  in  order  to  promote  employment  and  innovation.  On  the  basis  of  this  evaluation,  the 
Monitoring Committee took a series of decisions to amend the programme, in particular by redirecting 
assistance  to  those  measures  which  created  most  jobs,  involving  the  private  sector  more  closely  in 
tourist investment and transferring  appropriations  to environmental  measures. 

Thirteen  evaluation  reports  were completed  on  the programmes  in the Greek  regions  where  assessors 
were  selected  for  sectoral  programmes  and  the  CSFs  as  a whole.  However,  management  weaknesses 
in  the  national  and  regional  administrations  impeded  progress  on  evaluation.  A seminar  to  exchange 
experiences  was organised at the Commission's  initiative. 

Adjustments  to  regional  programmes  were  carried  out  in  the  first  quarter  of  1997  with  no  transfers 
between programmes and no changes to priorities. During the second half of the year, the national and 
regional  authorities  made  more  extensive  adjustments  to  the  sectoral  programmes.  This  process 
should result  in an adjustment  to the CSF which will be completed  in the first half of 1998. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

111 

The  main  feature  of  the  mid-term evaluation  in  Ireland  was efficient  incorporation  of the  evaluations 
into the decision-making  process. The mid-term  evaluation  of  the  CSF was examined  in detail  by the 
national  authorities  and  Commission  staff  working  in  partnership.  An  interim  evaluation  had  already 
been  carried  out  on  the  operational  programmes  and  these  had  been  approved  and  discussed  in  the 
appropriate Monitoring Committees. 

The  mid-term  evaluation  of  the  CSF  suggests  a  need  for  some  strategic  reorientations  because  of 
changes  in  the  economic  context.  It  is  proposed,  for  example,  to  increase  support  for  non-urban 
infrastructure  and  assistance  for  groups  at  risk  of  exclusion  and  reduce  aid  to  firms,  particularly  in 
highly  demand-related  activities  or  where  public  assistance  is  not  fully  justified.  The  report  also 
contains  a  number  of  recommendations  on  the  management  and  implementation  of  assistance, 
particularly  the lack of competition  in some public  services partly grant-aided  by the Structural  Funds 
and the poor quality of some monitoring and evaluation  indicators. 

The  guidelines  for  the  mid-term  evaluation  adopted  by  the  Monitoring  Committee  in  July  1997  are 
largely based  on the proposals made by the assessors and the need  to reinforce  certain measures in the 
light  of  Community  priorities  (e.g.  the  territorial  pacts  for  employment).  Although  the  financial 
adjustments  did  not  substantially  alter  the content  of  the  CSF's  strategic  priorities  (ECU  160 million 
from  the Structural  Funds reallocated), they nevertheless  helped  bring about structural  changes  whose 
impact will be visible only over the medium and long-term. 

The  interim  evaluation  in  southern  Italy  carried  out  by  the  national  administration  revealed 
shortcomings  in  programming,  particularly  in  the  quantified  objectives  (including  those  relating  to 
employment). It also suggested  rationalisation  of the system of assistance  to firms, imposing measures 
for on-going training and innovation and simplification  of the project  selection procedure, particularly 
in the case of  the EAGGF Guidance  Section. Most operational  programmes  were adjusted  to increase 
absorption  of  appropriations  while  amendments  during  the  CSF will  be made  in the light  of  the need 
to  allocate  unprogrammed  appropriations  to  more  effective  items  of  assistance  which  meet  priority 
criteria such as employment  (particularly the territorial pacts for  employment). 

In  Portugal,  the  mid-term  evaluation  generally  confirmed  the  priorities  of  the  CSF  and  the  finance 
allocated  to  them.  The  adjustments  suggested  for  the  mid-term  examination  concern  four  main 
guidelines: greater  support  for job-creation,  more assistance  for  the environment,  helping  small firms 
and  the  introduction  of  new  technologies,  particularly  those  relating  to  the  information  society  and 
small firms, and the completion  of certain basic  infrastructure. 

The  interim  evaluation  report  on  Flevoland  (Netherlands)  drawn  up  in  December  1997  stressed  the 
need  for  the  Funds  to be better  integrated  in order  to increase  synergies  between  the  various  types of 
structural  assistance.  This  recommendation  was  not  adopted  by  the  Monitoring  Committee  and  the 
changes  made  to the  programme  are  relatively  minor.  However,  it  should  be  noted  that  in  December 
1996 adjustments  were made, mainly to ESF measures, to increase assistance for  employment. 

The  evaluation  carried  out  in  1997  in  the  three  Objective  1 regions  of  the  United  Kingdom  had  a 
major  impact  on  the  reprogramming  of  assistance.  The  assessor  put  forward  a  range  of  possible 
options  for  Northern  Ireland,  including  the  zero option  of  no change  which  was  the  one  adopted  by 
the  Monitoring  Committee.  Changes  to  the  Merseyside  SPD  were  based  on  the  conclusions  of  the 
evaluation  and  the  Commission's  ideas  on  implementation  of  Structural  Fund  programmes  up to  the 
end  of  1999.  The  results  of  the  evaluation  for  Highlands  and  Islands  will  serve  as  a  basis  for  the 
readjustments  to be decided  in 1998. 

The mid-term evaluations for Objective  6 provided  useful  information  for programme  adjustments. 

In  Finland  the  report  was  discussed  by  the  Monitoring  Committee  on  1 and  2  December  1997  and 
published  in  February  1998.  It  suggested  transferring  appropriations  among  measures  to  improve 
implementation.  The  mid-term  examination  has  been  completed,  apart  from  the  decision  to  include 
loans with  interest  subsidies in the programme. 

112 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

The  evaluation  report  for  Sweden  was  completed  in  October  1997  so  that  it  could  be  used  for 
reprogramming.  The recommendations  dealt  mainly  with  the  need  to reduce  the number  of  measures 
and simplify  the administrative machinery for managing the Structural Funds. 

Evaluations  confirmed  that  the programmes  to develop  human  resources  for  Objective  1 were in line 
with  the  needs  of  the  labour  market.  The  results  support  the classic  measures  of  training  and  aid  for 
employment  and  considerable  stress  on  young  people  and  the  short-term  unemployed.  The 
achievements  of the programmes  tend to confirm  the results of the ex post  evaluations of the previous 
period.  Placement  rates,  the  quality  of  integration  into  the  labour  market  and  progress  in  education 
and  training  were  stressed.  However,  measures  for  human  resources  in  the  Objective  1 regions  are 
most relevant  at the level of systems. 

The interim  evaluation of Objective 2 

Prior appraisal  of the Objective  2 programmes for  1997-99 was described  in the 8th Annual Report on 
the  Structural  Funds  (1996), to which  reference  should  be  made. An  evaluation  of  the Funds'  impact 
on  employment  may  be  found  at  section  3.3  of  this  Report.  With  regard  to  ex post  evaluation  of  the 
period  1994-96,  programmes  are  being  completed  and  an  overall  evaluation  is  now  being  prepared. 
The existing reports have not so far provided  an overview of the  situation. 

The interim  evaluation of Objective 3 

The  impact  of  Objective  3  is  largely  dependent  on  social  and  labour  market  policies  in  the  various 
Member  States.  Objective  3  has  not  only  permitted  a  reorientation  of  national  or  regional  policies 
towards those  threatened  by unemployment  but has also made innovations  in the preparation  of those 
measures.  Training  has predominated  but  there  is  a strong  movement  towards  diversification  and an 
integrated  approach.  Those  threatened  by  long-term  unemployment  have  benefited  from  the 
programmes  to a  satisfactory  extent  but  greater  concentration  on  the  most  vulnerable  sections  of the 
public  and  the  longest  term  measures  (as  part  of  the  pathway  to  integration)  should  be  sought. 
Assessors  noted  over-implementation  as far  as young people  are concerned  and under-implementation 
for  those  excluded  from  the  labour  market  but  this  may  reflect  the  complex  mechanisms  for 
implementing  assistance. 

The interim  evaluation of Objective 4 

Objective  4,  which  has  limited  financial  resources, has established  a new  concept.  After  a slow  start 
in  the  first  two  years,  ideas  have  emerged  at  national  level.  Innovative  practices  with  regard  to  on 
going  training  have emerged  ranging  from  on-going  training  entirely  managed  by  the  social  partners 
in  Spain  to  the  introduction  of  on-going  training  in  the  smallest  firms  in  Sweden.  After  three  years, 
Objective  4  has  demonstrated  not  only  its  potential  for  innovation  as  an  instrument  for  adjusting 
training  systems  in response to industrial  change but also its ability  to reach  out to small firms, which 
have not traditionally  been involved  in training. 

The interim evaluation of Objective 5(a) - agriculture 

The evaluation  of measures under Objective  5(a) - agriculture in the Objective  1  regions is included in 
the  evaluation  of  that  Objective.  Elsewhere,  the  SPDs  and  CSFs  concerning  Regulation  (EC)  No 
951/97  are  being  assessed  by  independent  bodies.  The  results  for  some  Member  States  have  been 
submitted  to the Monitoring Committees and discussed  there while in other countries the work has not 
yet been completed. The recommendations  made in some reports have resulted  in fresh  guidelines  for 
the  programmes  concerned.  Approaches  to  establish  a  systematic  framework  to  evaluate  measures 
under Objective  5(a) defined  by Regulation (EC) No 950/97 will not begin until  1998. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

113 

The interim evaluation of Objective 5(a) -  fisheries 

At the end of  1997, evaluations had been completed  for six of the  12 FIFG programmes for  Objective 
5(a)  - fisheries,  four  others  (Finland,  France,  Greece  and the Netherlands)  are in  progress  and two 
(Italy and Luxembourg) have not yet begun. 

An analysis and overall  qualitative  summary for all the programmes  will be carried  out in  1998 at the 
levels of the Community  policies, programmes and measures or projects. 

The interim evaluation of Objective 5(b) 

Interim evaluations  for most  regions  have been  completed  thanks to strenuous  efforts  by the partners 
during the first half  of  1997. These confirm  that the strategies in the programmes  are still  appropriate 
and the amounts allocated  to the various measures adequate. Progress in 1997 was encouraging  thanks 
to  a  speeding  up  of  implementation  in  the  Member  States.  This  making  up  for  lost  time  in 
implementation  should  continue  thanks  to  amendments  to  programmes  suggested  by  the  interim 
evaluations,  which  revealed  problems  in  monitoring  systems  and  enabled  regions  to  validate  the 
results expected  from  the programmes. 

The Community  Initiatives 

Since  most of the Community  Initiative  were approved  late, very few interim evaluations  have  so far 
been carried out. The examples of Leader, Employment and Adapt are set out below: 

• 

LEADER  II 

The  interim  evaluation  of  the Leader  II  Community  Initiative  has begun  and, in  the  case  of  some 
Objective  1 regions,  the  first  reports  completed.  They  cover  102 programmes,  some  at national and 
others  at  regional  level,  in  the  areas  eligible  under  Objectives  1,  5(b)  and  6.  Reports  are  to be 
submitted by mid-1998. 

• 

EMPLOYMENT  AND  ADAPT 

The  reports  received  so far  are manly  qualitative  and still  contain  few quantified  studies.  However, 
they  include  the following  topics:  with  regard  to implementation,  Community  and national  managing 
authorities  have  had  to cope  with  the difficult  preparatory  phase  of  projects,  the development  and 
monitoring  of  transnational  partnerships  and  the  definition  of  the  respective  roles  of  the  parties 
concerned.  In  most  Member  States,  one  of  the  aims  of  the  interim  evaluation,  the  production  of 
practical  recommendations  for  the second  stage,  has largely  been  achieved.  However,  it  is  still too 
early to make any real assessment of the impact of the Community Initiatives. 

3.2. 

THEMATIC AND HORIZONTAL  EVALUATIONS 

The  Commission  began  thematic  evaluations  in  1997 to obtain  data for a critical  assessment  of three 
areas  concerned  by the Structural  Funds.  Furthermore,  a  specific  evaluation  of  the partnership  will 
provide  a  more  accurate  overview  of  whether  this  principle  is  being  implemented  effectively  and 
permit comparisons of the experiences of different  Member States or even regions. 

The  main  aims  and content  of each  of these  evaluations  are set out below.  The Member  States and 
Parliament  will  be kept  regularly  informed  about  the main  stages  of progress  in the  work.  The first 
results  should  be available  towards  mid-1998 while the Commission  should  have the final reports by 
the end of that year. 

114 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) 

This evaluation  is of strategic  importance because of the growing number of measures for  small firms 
under  the  Structural  Funds.  It seeks  to provide  a detailed  and  systematic  analysis  of  the  contribution 
of  the  Structural  Funds  to  small  firms  in  the  various  Member  States  and  in  particular  to evaluate, in 
the  light  of  experience,  the  relevance  of  the  strategies  and  the  variety  of  instruments  used  (aid 
schemes,  business  services,  global  grants,  etc.),  the  effectiveness  of  the  procedures  for  management 
and implementation  and the relative impact of the various types of measures  involved. 

In view of  the extent  of  the study,  stress  will be laid  on a representative  sample  of programmes  to be 
studied  in  depth  on  the  basis  of  cases  in  all  the  Member  States.  This  phase  of  field  work  will  be 
supplemented  by  a survey  of beneficiary  small  firms  compared  with  a group  of  such firms receiving 
structural assistance but no aid (check sample). 

Research and technological development  (R&TD) 

The aim of this thematic evaluation  is to compare R&TD measures  supported  by the Structural Funds 
as  a  factor  in  the  competitiveness  of  regions  and,  more  broadly,  from  the  viewpoint  of  regional 
development.  Some of  the themes  have already  been  selected  in order  to make  the evaluation  useful: 
the  relative effectiveness  of R&TD measures, the nature  of  and  links between  research  institutes  and 
firms,  particularly  small  firms,  improving  human  capital,  the  performance  and  economic  impact  of 
R&TD  measures,  the  impact  of  national  policies,  including  from  the  viewpoints  of  finance  and  the 
spatial  distribution  of  activities  and  links  or  synergies  with  other  Community  initiatives  or  policies 
(particularly  framework  research programmes). 

In  view  of  the  differences  in  the  areas  receiving  structural  assistance,  it  was  thought  better  to 
distinguish  two  separate  groups,  regions  eligible  under  Objectives  1 and  6  and  areas  eligible  under 
Objective  2. From  the  viewpoint  of  the  relevance  of  the  strategic  choices  for  R&TD, this is justified 
by the fact  that the problems posed are  different. 

In the regions whose development  is lagging behind, the stress' is laid on technological  disparities and 
the  need  to  catch  up  by  increasing  locally-generated  research  capacity  in  order  to  affect  long-term 
growth. Objective  6 is a special case because it is not identical  to Objective  1  but contains elements of 
good practice for the exploitation  of R&TD activities which could be transferable  to other regions. 

By  contrast,  the  declining  industrial  areas  have  greater  need  of  innovation  (rather  than  research 
capacity)  and  stronger  links  with  the  industrial  system  to  revitalise  their  local  economies.  The 
conclusion  of the studies will therefore  be sharply different  for the two types of area. 

This  thematic  evaluation  will  then  be  reinforced  by  more  specific  complementary  evaluations  in  the 
area  of  the  Business  Innovation  Centres  (BICs)  or  under  Article  10  of  the  ERDF  Regulation 
(evaluation of regional  technological plans and interim evaluation  of the RIS). 

Environment 

If this evaluation  (financed  from  budget heading B2-1600) is to be carried out, it will need  appropriate 
tools  in  order  to  assess  better,  and  in  quantified  fashion,  the  general  and  specific  impact  on  the 
environment  of  structural  assistance.  This  should  clearly  distinguish  between  assistance  which  has a 
direct  (or  intentional)  impact  on  the  environment  (e.g.  a  treatment  station)  and  that  which  has  an 
indirect  or  secondary  effect  (e.g.  the  construction  of  a  road).  These  impacts  could  be  identified 
through  the  sectoral  categories  adopted  in  the  Fifth  Programme  on  the  Environment.  The  lessons 
learned  from  a study  of  a representative  sample  of  programmes  will  enable  the evaluation  to make a 
specific  contribution  to better  ways  of  including  environmental  concerns  in  future  programming  and 
seeing where specific  action is required. 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

The evaluation of the  partnership 

115 

This  evaluation  is  intended  to examine  systematically  the difficulties  and conditions  attendant  on the 
implementation  of a partnership which  is effective  and complies with the principle of subsidiarity and 
to make recommendations  on a better  division  of responsibilities  between  the parties  concerned.  The 
study  should  take  account  of  a  number  of  specific  features  such  as  the  nature  of  the  forms  of 
assistance  and  the  variety  of  institutional  systems. It  will  be  organised  in two  stages: a survey  of  the 
administrative  and  institutional  context  and  then  the  arrangements  for  programming  and  the 
management  of  structural  assistance  in  each  Member  State.  An  evaluation  of  the  implementation  of 
practical  partnerships  and  their  effectiveness  will  permit  verification  of  one  of  the  principles 
underlying the operation of the Structural Funds. 

Ex  post evaluation  of Leader  I 

The  interim  report,  submitted  in November  1997, includes  the results  of  a survey  of  217  local  action 
groups  (Lags),  describing  their  composition,  management  methods  and  the  activities  they  have 
developed  in  the  various  countries.  This  survey  permitted  a typology  of  the  groups  to  be  drawn  up. 
Subsequently,  52 groups  were selected  for  closer  study,  which  concentrated  on  the  impact  of  Leader 
at  local  level. Initial  results  show  that,  after  a difficult  start-up  period,  the  groups  were  able  to carry 
out the measures  in their action  plans which, although  very  local  in scope, gave a substantial  boost to 
the  areas  concerned.  The  report  also  covers  the  role  of  the  regional,  national  and  Community 
authorities «in  implementing  and  managing  the  Initiative  and  also  includes  a  study  of  the  Leader 
network,  underlining  its beneficial  effects.  The final report, expected  early  in  1998, should  cast  fresh 
light  on the  impact  of  the* work  of the  local  actions  groups  and expand  the results  of  the  information 
collected  from  the 52 groups  selected. 

3.3. 

EVALUATING  THE  IMPACT  ON  EMPLOYMENT 

As a result of the extraordinary Luxembourg European  Council  on employment, evaluating the  effects 
of  structural  assistance  on  employment  is  now  a work  priority.  A number  of  estimates  of  the  impact 
on employment  have been made in recent years for various purposes. 

The example of Objective 2 

Available  estimates  show  that,  in  the  case  of  Objective  2  for  example,  there  is  a  great  variety  in 
employment  measures  (expected  or  achieved)  and  the  associated  indicators  of  efficiency,  depending 
on whether estimates are made in advance or retrospectively. 

Ex post  estimates  for  1989-93 suggest that some 450 000 net additional jobs  were created, overall just 
over  half  the  850  000  or  so  gross  jobs  recorded.  On  average,  every  million  ecus  invested  by  the 
Structural  Funds  generated  almost  140 gross jobs  or 73 net jobs. The  average cost  per job  created  or 
maintained  was, according to those estimates, about ECU 22 000 (ECU 41 700 per net job). 

The  programmes  for  the  whole  of  the  current  programming  period  (1994-99)  contain  prior  estimates 
by the Member  States. The volume of jobs  created  rose from  650 000 in  1994-96 to 880 000 in 1997-
99  while  efficiency  indicators,  particularly  the  average  cost  per job,  remained  virtually  unchanged. 
However,  it  should  be  noted  that  estimates  concerning  current  programmes  relate  only  to  measures 
whose  impact  on  employment  was  quantified.  These  account  for  about  two  thirds  of  the  cost  of 
assistance. 

The  discrepancies  noted  may be due  to the  growth  of  the  Structural  Funds  between  the  two periods, 
partly  because  of  the  transfer  of  appropriations  between  programmes  and  some  reorientation  of 
assistance  towards  the  productive  sector  to  promote  employment.  However,  these  data  should  be 
treated  with  caution  since  there  is  no  uniform  breakdown  of  measures  by  category  or  comparable 

116 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

basis of calculation.  Because  of these objective  limitations, estimates  do not permit  final  conclusions 
about the effectiveness  and efficiency  of assistance in terms of job creation. 

Estimated  impact on employment of assistance under Objective 2 (1994-99) 

I 

1994.96*  I  1997.99** 

prior 

prior 

No of gross jobs created or maintained ('000) 
No of jobs per ECU million invested (Structural Funds) 
Average cost per job created or maintained (ECU) 
* Overall estimates based on data in the SPDs (CSF/OPs  in the case of Spain), 

650 
93,1 
10.730 

880 
96,2 
10.400 

including Sweden and Austria for  1994-99 

** Estimates provided by the Member States in the SPDs (CSFs/OPs in the case of Spain) 

only on the basis of measures whose impact on types of jobs has been  estimated 

In order to produce more reliable estimates of the impact on employment  - particularly  in areas where 
it  is  difficult  to  make  macro-economic  estimates  -  a  methodological  approach  was  proposed  and 
published  as  Means  paper  No  5  "Measuring  job  creation."  A  more  accurate  evaluation  and 
comparison  of  the real  impact  on employment  requires  an estimate  of  the  net  impact  on  employment 
based  on  the gross  impact  (overall  impact declared  by  beneficiaries),  with  due  regard  to the  windfall 
effects  (benefits  which  would  have  been  secured  in  any  case)  and  displacement  effects  (effects  on 
employment  which  result  in job  losses  even  within  the  target  area)  and  indirect  effects.  In  order  to 
make  these  estimates  more  rigorous,  a distinction  should  also  be  made,  wherever  possible,  between 
jobs  maintained  or  altered  (those  which  would  have  been  lost  without  assistance)  and  new  or 
additional jobs arising from  assistance. 

Example of the application  of the method  (actual  case) 

Total expenditure 
ERDF 
Ftesult 

Gross effect on 
employment 
Windfall effect 

Displacement effect 

Support for small  firms 

Measure 
ECU 180 million Or about 15% of total expenditure under the programme 
ECU 70 million Or over 35% of total expencfiture on the measure 

12 000 small firms In the previous programme, ECU 75 million was allocated to this 

assisted measure and monitoring data have confirmed that 15 000 small  firms 

were assisted 

9.000 Monitoring data show that on average 75% of small firms assisted 

stated that they had created or maintained one full-time equivalent job 

-1.800 Evaluation data confirmed that 20% of assistance to small firms had no 
effect, that is that one firm assisted in five would have acted in the 
same way without ERDF support 

-2.700 Evaluation data show that 30% of the impact of this type of asssitance 
on employrnent simply moves jobs from other parts of the area 
covered by the programme. 

Net effect on employment 

| 

4.500 

This method  seeks to create a common  system of evaluating  the impact  on employment  while seeking 
to improve quantification  of the employment objectives  expected  from  the programme. 

European assistance for employment 

In June  1997 the Commission  launched  a European  competition  for  employment  intended  to  identify 
projects  part-financed  by  the  Structural  Funds  which  had  most  effectively  contributed  to  creating 
lasting jobs  in  the  Objective  2  areas.  This  competition  was  open  to  all  measures  supported  by  the 
ERDF or the ESF since  1989. 85 applications  to participate  were received,  of  which  82 related  to an 
average  of  5 000 jobs  created.  In  all,  these  measures  related  to  investment  totalling  some  ECU  180 
million  and  resulting  in  the creation  of  38 000 jobs. Allocations  to these  projects  from  the  Structural 
Funds  ranged  from  ECU  32  000  to  ECU  43  million.  The  Commission  carried  out  a  preliminary 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

117_  J^\ 

evaluation  of the measures which  were sent for  a group of independent  experts to examine. The ten 
best measures  were selected  in February  1998 using the following  criteria: net job creation, quality 
and durability  of jobs, degree of difficulty  experienced by the target groups in generating or finding 
jobs,  degree  of  involvement  of  the  local  authorities  and  the  originality  and  transferability  of  the 
measures carried out. 

The "winning" measures were announced  at a conference  which was held in Brussels in April 1998. 
The  lessons  drawn  form  this  experience  were  presented  to  an  audience  of  local  authorities  and 
experts. Those responsible for  the best measures were invited to share their approach and the results 
obtained in the other Objective 2 areas. 

3.4.  THE METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF EVALUATION 

A main priority for evaluation is the consolidation of the methods and instruments developed so far to 
provide better support for this work at Community level. Here the stress has lain on the preparation of 
methodological guides, particularly under the Means programme, and some measures for  information 
and technical assistance. 

The Means programme 

The work of the Means (Méthode d'évaluation des actions à nature structurelle - method of evaluating 
structural  measures)  programme  in  1997  concentrated  on  three  main  areas.  The  first  sought  to 
complement  sectoral  and  thematic  applications  and  resulted  in  three  documents  on  the  impact  of 
structural assistance on employment, the environment and equal opportunities. The second covers the 
completion of a complete compendium of methodological guides by collecting in a coherent series the 
main areas of evaluation in the field of structural assistance and the third looks at methods for sharing 
know-how and work on training officials  in evaluation. Mention should also be made of the extended 
distribution  of the Means bulletin  to assessors  involved in the interim evaluations carried out by the 
Member States. 

Technical assistance measures 

Two main  measures  were  launched  to refine  the  specific  instruments  adapted  to  the  evaluation  of 
major investment projects. A new version of the costs/benefits  guide was published to take account of 
the differences  in kind between  types of project  and sectors of assistance. As a complement  to this, 
another guide on the key factors  in the costs of major  infrastructure  projects  is being prepared. This 
work is of particular interest for programme managers in that they will be able to judge the  efficiency 
of a project using objective and comparable criteria. 

i 

A data base on interim evaluations  has been established  to facilitate  the management  of  evaluation 
work. There is also a broader base of evaluation reports which is updated regularly. 

The institutional framework 

The dialogue  with the Member  States  continued  at two meetings  in  1997 of the technical  group on 
evaluation.  The  subjects  covered  there  included  the  completion  of  interim  evaluations  and  the 
beginning of thematic evaluations. In general, the representatives of the Member States supported the 
Commission's initiatives while wishing to be kept regularly informed about the progress of work. 

xiqJSo 

CHAPTER4: 

BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION, FINANCIAL CHECKS AND VERIFICATION OF 
ADDITIONALITY 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

121 

4.1. 

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE FUNDS IN 1997 - ALL PROGRAMMING PERIODS 

The aim of this section is to look at budget implementation  in  1997 as a whole and in terms of both 
the current programming period (1994-97) and previous periods. 

In  the  table  below,  the  sources  of  the  appropriations  implemented  in  1997 are  divided  into  those 
newly entered in the budget and those carried over from 1996. 

Source and implementation of commitment appropriations in 1997 (ECU million) 

I  CSF 

ERDF 

CSF 

ESF 

CSF 

EAGGF 

CSF 

RFG 

CamunJty  Transition*  Anti-fraud 

Impie- 

former  TOTAL 

Initiatives 

measure»  measures  mentation  GCR 

Irrtial budget 

Tr_Tsferofapprcpn_cns 

MierrfkigarKl supplementary budget 

^appropriations 1997 

Apaoprialkxœ reconstituted 

Appropriations carried over 

Appropriations available 

eypfopnalionsdisponbles- 

Implementation 

Implementalion rate 

12.989,70  7.639,10  4.026.10 

490.65 

3-73,40 

297,30 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

-100,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

12.989,70  7.639,10  4.026,10 

490,65 

3.173,40 

297,30 

0,00 

0,00 

0.00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

p_» 

000 

12.989,70  7.639,10  4.026.10 

490,65 

3173,40 

12983,14  7.639,10  4.026,10 

368,97 

1.949,12 

100% 

100% 

100% 

75% 

61% 

0,75 

0,00 

0,00 

0.75 

0,00 

0_» 

0,00 

0,75 

0,75 

100% 

0,00 

0,00 

0,03 

0,03 

3,00 

0,00 

0,00 

3,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

3,00 

1.57 

52% 

1,43 

0,00 

0,00 

1,43 

-  28.720,00 

- 

• 

-100,00 

0,00 

-  28.620,00 

- 

- 

• 

0,00 

4,68 

0,00 

-  28.624.6i 

-  27.230.7S 

- 

96% 

•  1.393,8i 

• 

0,00 

7,56 

717,45 

0,00  1.432,82 

0,00 

_65 

000 

301,96 

262,05 

87% 

39,90 

0.00 

29,53 

50,69 

Aprjroprtata» not incremented 

Approprialions carted ever to 1998 

6,56 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

0,00 

121,68 

1.224,28 

0,00 

0,00 

DecomrTitments exdudng appropriations 

reconstituted 

90,18 

372,81 

77,23 

56,62 

AppropriatkïK entered in budr^fcffJure years 

927 

0,00 

19,09 

122,41 

1.229,90 

0.00 

83,49 

Oeconrritments 

| 

90,18 

478,22 

77,23 

56,62 

97,00 

29,53 

0,03 

0,00 

7,56 

836,37 

•ExduoïrigEœ 325 rr*icflavaiatte fa reuse f 

budget heading 82-1830, ECU 2 041 carried over and available fa reuse (Chapter B2-18) B2-1810 

By contrast with the situation  in previous years, only  a small quantity  of appropriations  (ECU 4.65 
million) was carried over from  1996 to 1997 and no appropriations were reconstituted. Commitments 
excluding  carryovers  and  appropriations  reconstituted  were  therefore  practically  identical  to  total 
commitments: ECU 27 226 million and ECU 27 231 million respectively. The overall implementation 
rate for commitments from all Funds in  1997 was 95% (98% in  1996). This fall  is mainly due to the 
Community  Initiatives,  where  implementation  of  commitments  over  the  year  was  weak  (61%). 
Although  the  rate  for  some  Community  Initiatives  (Konver,  the  Integra  and  Horizon  strands  of 
Employment) approached  or reached  100%, the rate for  others was poor (Peace: 33%, Pesca: 30%, 
Adapt: 38%, the Now strand of Employment: 32%). 

In  all, ECU  1 393.85  million  in  commitments  (5% of  the  appropriations  available)  and  ECU  306 
million  in  payments  (1.3%)  were  not  implemented.  Of  the  ECU  1 393.85  in  commitments  not 
implemented, ECU  1 224 million  (88%) concerned  the Community  Initiatives. If they are excluded, 
the implementation rate for commitments is 99.3%. 

The ECU  100 million  in commitment  appropriations  transferred  from  the Community  Initiatives are 
the result of a negative reserve established early in  1997 to provide an extra ECU 50 million each for 
Rechar and Retex, as desired by Parliament. This negative reserve was eliminated during the year by 
contributions from  certain  Community Initiatives: ECU 40 million from  Interreg II, ECU 20 million 
from Adapt and ECU 40 million from Leader II. 

122 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

Commitments  in 1997 (excluding decommitments and carryovers - ECU million) 

TOTAL 

% 

Obj.1 

Obj.2 

Obj.3 

CSF 
Ofoj.4 

Obj.5(a) 

Obj.5(b) 

Obj.6 

Total 

CSF 

i m m u n i ty 

Transitional 

Initiatives 

measures 

Total available 

28.616,25 

17.038,83 

2901.88 

220291 

476,92 

1.138,67 

1.248,40 

137,95 

25.145,55 

Total implemented 
% 

27.223,83 

100% 

17.015,65 

1901,88 

2.202,91 

476,92 

1.033,74 

1.248,40 

137,82 

25.017,31 

95,1?/. 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

91% 

100% 

100% 

99% 

3.173,40 

1.949,12 

61% 

297,30 

257,40 

87% 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

Other 
% 

14385,65 

53% 

10.069,90 

2198,54 

8.311,07 

31% 

4.058,77 

703,33 

2 2 0 2 91 

476,92 

4132,42 

15% 

2578.66 

658,57 

168,35 

421,48 

56.13 

12983,14 

1.231.88 

170,63 

28,82 

7.639.10 

51,30 

4.026,10 

1,57 

368,97 

611,58 

100,60 

5,05 

60,39 

5,72 

20,66 

974,67 

59,08 

63% 

11% 

8% 

2% 

4% 

5% 

1% 

0,00 
92% 

7% 

1% 

308,33 

394,69 

0,00 

100% 

1% 

0% 
-

The  rate  of  implementation  of  commitments  under  the  CSFs  was  100%  for  all  Objectives  except 
Objective  5(a) (91%). This figure  is the result of  the fact  that Objective  5(a)  fisheries  could commit 
only  36%  because  some  Member  States  (Germany,  France,  Netherlands,  Denmark  and  the  United 
Kingdom)  did  not  reach  the  threshold  to permit  commitment  of  the  1997  instalment.  However,  this 
had little effect  on the overall  level of implementation of the Funds (99%). It should be noted that the 
implementation  of  commitments  for  innovative  measures  and  technical  assistance  was  considerably 
higher at 87% as compared with 54% in 1996. 

Payments in  1997 (excluding carryovers - ECU million) 

TOTAL 

•/. 

Cbj.1 

Obi. 2 

Obj.3 

CSF 
Cbj.4 

Obj.5(a) 

Obj.5(b) 

Obj.6 

Total 
CSF 

Community 
Initiatives 

Transitional 
measures 

Fewer 
GDR 

Total available 
Total implemented 
% 

2191493 
23.611,51 
96173% 

100% 

14.103,24 
14102,62 
100% 

3.177,63 
3.177,19 
100% 

1.784,01 
1.78401 
100% 

375,23 
375,23 
100% 

1.153,25 
1.153,25 
100% 

1.029,89 
1.029,77 
100% 

109,66 
109,65 
100% 

21.732.9C 
21.731,73 
100% 

ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 
Other 
% 

12722,33 
6.717,37 
1669,24 
502,58 
0,00 
100% 

54% 
28% 
16% 
2% 
0% 

2.683,56 

493.63 

1.784,01 

375,23 

8.295,70 
3.335.01 
2.131,91 
340.00 

488,38 
135,01 
406,36 

53,78 
20,52 

34,36 
1,00 

1.007,35 
145,89 

60% 

13% 

8% 

2% 

5% 

4% 

0% 

11.521.44 
6.143.4C 
3580.0C 
486.8S 
0,00 
92% 

1.858,64 
1.677,32 
90% 

1.064,06 
529,78 
81,75 
1,73 

265,30 
172,10 
65% 

56,09 
30,36 
52% 

107,33 
44,18 
7.49 
13,10 

29,50 

0,86 

7% 

1% 

0% 

All  the  Objectives  implemented  payments  under  the  CSFs  in  full,  a  much  better  result  than  that 
achieved in  1996 when only two objectives were implemented in full.  By contrast with commitments, 
payments  under  the  Community  Initiatives  increased  from  80%  in  1996  to  90%  of  available 
appropriations. 

This  clear  improvement  in  payments  in  1997  reflects  some  speeding  up  in  implementation  on  the 
ground. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

123 

Payments  in  1997  for  assistance  preceding  the  current  programming  period  (including 
carryovers - ECU million) 

ERDF 
419,30 
394,12 

ESF 
120,19 
120,19 

Objective 1 
EAGGF 
34,01 
34,01 

36,39 (1) 
127,56 
58,07 

3,93 (1) 

4,46 

10,89 
151,39 

111,27 

2,80 
1,91 

1,44 
25,54 

Fisheries 
27,80 
27,80 
0,12 
0,03 
1,28(1) 
3,22 
3,34 
2,15 
0,44 
10,97 

Total 
576,12 
576,12 
0,12 
0,03 

41,60 (-1) 
133,58 
67,78 
2,15 
12,77 
299,17 

Objective 2 
ESF 

7,41j 
7,41 

ERDF 
117,30 
117,30 
4,37 

8,45 

25,33 
15,43 

Obj.3 
ESF 

91,68 
91,68 

Total 
124,71 

124,71 
4,37 

8,45 

37,97 

Objective 5(a) 
Fisheries 
3,66 

Total 

3,66 

EAGGF 
11,32 
11,32 
1,89 

14,98 

14,98 
1,89 

0,77 

25,33 
15,43 

7,46 

0,77 

3,66 

3,66 

35,52 

7,41 

42,93 

46,26 

8,66 

4,73 

23,47 

4,73 

23,47 

8,66 

<1994 
1989-93 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
UK 
Gomm. 

<1994 

0.52 

2,33 

0,27 
5,60 
0,38 

0,35 
9,28 
0,19 

Objective 5(b) 
ESF 
3,16 

ERDF 
21,07 
21,07 

EAGGF 
38,76 
38,76 
0,82 

Total 
63,00 
63,00 
0,82 

1,59 

1,44 

3,16 

0,15 

5*97 
10,62 

1989-93 
B 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
I 
L 
NL 
P 
LK 
Comm 
(1) Including former GDR (budget heading B2-1900). 
(2) No payments were made under Objective 4. 

'  35,68 
0,76 

1,01 

2,00 

4,48 

0,06 

5,97 
12,69 

36,69 
0,76 

4,48 

0,27 
8,81 
9,66 
0,19 

ERDF 
164,53 
164,53 
3,17 
0,87 
12,01 
40,05 
11,89 
20,90 
0,40 
36,09 

0,43 
5,58 
5,42 
27,71 

Community Initiatives 

ESF 

12,84j 
12,84 
0,02 

EAGGF 
10,22 
10,22 
0,18 

0,28 
4,15 

6,27 

1,39 

0,58 
0,15 

7,73 
0,94 

1,35 

0,03 

Total 
187,59 
187,59 
3.37 
0,87 
12,29 
51,92 
12,83 
27,17 
1,74 
37,48 

ERDF 
722,21 
697,03 
7,54 
0,87 
56,86 
167,61 
101,26 
46,95 
11,29 
223,01 

1,02 
5,76 
5,42 
27,71 

5,16 
5,93 
42,65 
27,91 

TOTAL (2 
EAGGF 
94,31 
94,31 
2,89 

ESF 
235,28 
235,28 
0,02 

42,32 
4,15 
4,46 
15,73 

167,34 

0,58 
0,67 

2,21 
10,52 
2.84 
0,06 
2,78 
69,88 
0,76 

2,37 

Fisheries 
31,46 

31,46 
0,12 
0,03 
1,28 
3,22 
3,34 
5,82 
0,44 
10,97 

0,27 
5,60 
0,38 

Total 
1.083,26 
1.058,09 
10,57 
0,91 
102,67 
185,50 
111,91 
68,56 
14,51 
471,20 
0,76 
6,01 
14,57 
43,03 
27,91 

A considerable  volume of payments in  1997 concerned assistance decided on before  1994. The total 
amount  was  ECU  1 083  million  (5% of  total  payments  made  in  1997),  of  which  98% related  to 
commitments made in 1989-93. It should be noted that 40% of these payments concerned Italy, and in 
particular Objective  1, where programmes had been subject to serious delays. These payments reflect 
the closure of programmes for the first programming period. 

The outstanding appropriations relating to the first programming period (1989-93) account for  12% of 
all outstanding appropriations at the end of 1997 (19% at the end of 1996). This reduction is the result 
of  the  closure  of  a  very  large  number  of  programmes  in  1997  leading  to  the  settlement  of  related 
commitments and the decommitment of ECU 680 million for programmes for that period. 

The share of each Fund in the appropriations outstanding at the end of  1997, which is the same as in 
the previous  year,  was  as follows:  ERDF:  55.4%, ESF: 27.9%, EAGGF Guidance  Section:  15.1%, 
FIFG:  1.6%. 

124 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds  (1997) 

Outstanding appropriations at 31 December 1997 (ECU million) 

Obj.1 

Obj.2 

Obj.3 

Obj.4 

0bj.5(a) 

obi. m 

Obj.6 

2.348,77 

419,06 

930,46 

2.348,77 

419,06 

813,56 
116,90 

1.609,72 

305,78 

646,32 

1.609,72 

305,78 

3.248,07 
2.639.66 
608,41 

1.648,00 
1.262,50 
385,51 

1.177,06 
972,32 
204,74 

Total 
outstanding 
end 1997 
(A+B+Q 

ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 

1997 
appropriations 
outstanding 
(A) 

ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 

1994-96 
appropriations 
outstanding 
m 

ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 

pre-1994 

appropriations 

outstandng 
(Q 

ERDF 
ESF 
EAGGF 
FIFG 

16.739,01 
I0.589,6c> 
3.415,30 
2.452,59 
281,46 

10.957,07 

6.552,90 
2.311,44 
1.941,72 
151,01 

3.767,29 
2.765,81 
614,36 
324,46 
62,66 
2.014,66 
1.270,95 
489,51 
186,41 
67,79 

650,58 

113,28 

650,58 

11328 

423,01 
404,84 
18,17 

88,46 

0,00 

88,46 

0,00 

1.154,10 
544,54 
150,39 
459,17 

719,46 
361,04 
89,37 
269,06 

232,38 
83,42 
38,28 
110,68 

20226 
100.08 
22,73 
79,45 

128,64 
48,26 
30,27 

48,82 
1,29 

107,70 
37,79 
24,58 
44,34 
0,99 
20,94 
10,47 
5,70 
4,48 
0,29 

0,00 

-

a 

3.941,38 

Transl-
tional 
measures 
425,76 

Former 
GDR 

TOTAL 
end 1997 
82,85  29.418,09 

% 

100% 

1.156,45 

176,43 

0,00 

17.326,93 

59% 

2331,63 

128,35 

0,00 

8.631,81 

29% 

453,30 

120,98 

8285 

3.459,36 

12% 

Total 
CSF 
24968,11 
13822,11 
6.972,20 
3774,15 
399,65 

15.994,05 
8.21422 
4.726,39 
2.868,77 
184,67 
6.171,83 
3.832,03 
1.626,94 
566,65 
146.21 
2802^3 
1.775,87 
618,87 
338,73 
68,77 

613,66 
32.66 
210,30 

127,04 
83^6 
73,84 

72,87 
0.98 

Outstanding appropriations at 31 December  1997 amounted to ECU 29 418 million as compared with 
ECU 26 654 million  in  1996. Although the amount  outstanding grew by  10.3% from  1993 to 1997, 
the  annual  rate  of  increase  declined  between  1994  and  1997  despite  a  substantial  increase  in 
commitment appropriations over that period. 

Changes in outstanding appropriations (ECU million) 

(Current prices) 

Total outstanding 
(A+B+C) 

TOTAL 
end 1997 
29.418,09 

% 

100% 

TOTAL 
end 1996 
26.640,43 

% 

100% 

TOTAL 
end 1995 
23.529,46 

% 

100% 

TOTAL 
end 1994 
19.324,88 

% 

100% 

Annual change 

Appropriations for the year 
outstanding (A) 

Annual change 
Appropriations for 1994-year* 
outstanding (B)* 

Annual change 

Pre-1994 appropriations 
outstanding (C) 

+10% 
17.326,93  59% 

+13% 
14.997,37  56% 

12.030,77 

+22% 
51% 

-
9.009,96  47% 

+16% 
8.631,81  29% 

+25% 
6.503,17  24% 

+34% 
3.880,02  16% 

-
0% 

-

3.459,36 

+33% 
12% 

+68% 
5.139,90  19% 

-
7.618,68  32% 

-
10.315,101  53% 

Annual change 

-33% 

-33% 

-26% 

-

* Appropriations from 1994 to year preceding that of the report 

Implementation of the Funds and financial  perspective ("Edinburgh" programming) 

A very marked  improvement  year on year  is bringing budget  implementation  more closely into line 
with the financial  perspective  set by the Edinburgh European  Council  in  1992 under which 39% of 
total commitment appropriations for  1994-99 were to be implemented in the last two years, i.e. 1998 
and  1999.  Actual  implementation  at  31  December  1997  showed  that  41%  of  commitment 
appropriations  for  the  period  would  be  to  implement  in  the  last  two  years.  This  means  that  the 
difference  from estimates is only two percentage points, which may be regarded as satisfactory. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

125 

Comparison between "Edinburgh1 
programming and outturn 

(ECU billion, at current prie») 

•  Edinburgh 
D Implementation 

1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

For  the  first  time  in  this  period,  payment  appropriations  (with  the  exception  of  the  Community 
Initiatives)  were  fully  implemented.  In  this  sense,  1997  is  an  important  turning  point  in  the 
development  of  the  budget  as  compared  with  previous  years  because  the  increase  in  outstanding 
appropriations  is no longer simply a result of programme management but also partly a consequence 
of a deliberate decision to restrict payments. 

4.2.  ON-THE-SPOT CHECKS CARRIED OUT BY THE FUNDS, FINANCIAL CONTROL 

AND THE ANTI-FRAUD UNIT 

The  checks  carried  out  by  the  Commission  form  part  of  its  SEM  2000  (Sound  and  Efficient 
Management)  initiative.  The  new  measures  taken  under  the  Structural  Funds  in  1997  specify  the 
nature of these checks, particularly  on eligible expenditure, the standards to be met by the Member 
States and the application of net financial corrections (see section 1.2.4). 

•  THE ERDF 

In 1997 43 on-the-spot checks were carried out to establish the existence and effectiveness  of systems 
for  the  monitoring  and  checking  of  programmes  and  the  reliability  of  information  sent  to  the 
Commission  (particularly  certificates  of  expenditure).  These  checks  also  sought  to  establish  the 
correct use of ERDF funds. 

The checks detected certain irregularities, some specific  and others, which affect  the reliability of the 
certificates  of  expenditure  on  which  the  Commission  bases  the  advances  paid  to  Member  States, 
systematic,  and  so  indicative  of  the  weakness  of  certain  internal  audit  procedures  in  the Member 
States. Certificates of expenditure sometimes include items not eligible under the ERDF (for example, 
the  salaries  or expenses  of officials  in  ministries  or  other  public  bodies)  and  expenditure  stated to 
have been  incurred  sometimes  includes  estimates  of  future  expenditure.  Certificates  of expenditure 
are sometimes sent to the Commission without adequate internal checks, which may result in formal 
irregularities. Furthermore, in certain regions, Community rules on public procurement are not always 
respected and the progress of programming is not always monitored with sufficient care. 

Following  these  checks,  the  Commission  takes  the  steps  required  to  monitor  and  correct  the 
irregularities  detected.  (Correction  usually  involves  deduction  of  the  amount  considered  ineligible 
from  the statement of expenditure  by the Member State for  the programme  concerned.  In  1997 this 
procedure provided particularly difficult  to manage and demanding on staff. 

•  THE ESF 

In 1997 the Commission carried out 86 missions to check on the use of assistance from the ESF. They 
were  based  on  the  annual  programme  agreed  in  partnership  with  the  Member  States  in  1996. In 
addition  to  the  missions  planned  in  the  annual  programme,  other  checks  were  carried  out  in  the 
context of joint  missions with Financial  Control and the anti-fraud  unit. They were based on checks 
on systems for  the management  of funds  and compliance checks. The main results of the checks in 
1997  reveal  that  there  are  still  some  failures  in  publicity  and  that  the  systems  introduced  by the 
Member  States  to  manage  finance  from  the  ESF  are  often  inadequate  to  meet  the  needs  of  the 

/ 26 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (199 7) 

Commission  (delays in payment by national administrations, method  used for the declaration  of costs, 
retrospective  acceptance  of  training  courses,  etc.).  Furthermore,  national  administrations  do  not 
always  give  beneficiaries  clear  guidelines  on the application  of  Commission  rules  on  part-financing 
and  public  procurement.  The  problems  with  regard  to  the  eligibility  of  expenditure  concern 
principally, sub-contracting, general costs and equipment  (through  writing-off).  Although the Member 
States  have made an effort  to introduce  checking  systems, they  require  more  resources  and more on-
the-spot  checks  should  be  made.  These  checks  resulted  in  application  of  Article  24  of  the 
Coordination  Regulation  (reduction,  suspension  or  cancellation  of  assistance)  with  one  of  two 
outcomes.  Either  the Member  States  agreed  to  correct  the certificate  of  expenditure  themselves, so 
reducing the financial  contribution, or the Commission  took a decision. Most decisions concerned the 
suspension  of  funding  (a judicial  enquiry  in  the  case  of  the  CSF for  1989-93),  the  remainder  a 
reduction in the ESF contribution. 

These programmes are discussed beforehand  with the national  inspections  authorities in co-ordination 
meetings. This co-ordination  (Member State, DG V and DG XX) is aimed to increase efficiency  at the 
control level. 

•  EAGGF  GUIDANCE  SECTION 

During  1997 28  inspection  visits  were  made  to  check  the  use  made  of  EAGGF  Guidance  Section 
appropriations  managed  by the Member  States. Most  were  organised  by the departments  responsible 
for the EAGGF, others by the Commission's Financial  Control or the anti-fraud  unit. Their main aims 
were  to  assess  the  management  and  audit  systems  used,  check  the conformity  of  the financial  and 
accounting reports and actual  implementation  with Community rules, the decisions to grant  assistance 
and the expenditure declared  to the EAGGF Guidance  Section. 

Some types of irregularity  were detected  in many Member States and many measures. These  included 
non-compliance  with  Community  rules  on  public  procurement,  the  granting  of  aid  for  expenditure 
which,  by  virtue  of  its  nature  or  date  of  payment,  was  ineligible,  substantial  delays  in  making 
payments  to  beneficiaries,  the  lack  of  publicity  and  information  on  part-financing  by  the  EAGGF 
Guidance  Section,  inadequate  checks,  incorrect  use of  conversion  rates,  overlapping  of  funds  from 
different  Community  sources  for  the same  items  of  assistance  and  some  commitments  entered  into 
before the end of the prescribed  period. 

In  one  case,  the  Commission  had  to  undertake  a  partial  recovery  of  assistance  from  the  EAGGF 
Guidance  Section  for  1988-92.  Particular  attention  was  paid  to  appropriations  managed  under the 
Commission's  initiative  (Article  8  of  Regulation  (EEC)  No  4256/88)  and  a  comparatively  large 
number of inspections was carried out. 

• 

THE FIFG 

The  departments  responsible  for the FIFG  undertook  three  inspections,  in Italy,  Portugal  and Spain. 
Although  the  findings  were  generally  satisfactory,  the  number  of  missions  carried  out  cannot  be 
considered  adequate. Programming for  1998 includes at least one inspection  mission to most countries 
receiving assistance from the FIFG. 

In  Italy  problems  were  found  with  one firm,  which  appealed  to the European  Court  of Justice  even 
before  the Commission  had taken its official  decision. 

Inspections by the Commission's Financial  Control 

During  1997 the Commission's  Financial  Control  undertook  62 missions  on-the-spot jointly  with the 
Funds  concerned.  The programmes  concerned  were  ESF:  31,  ERDF:  20, EAGGF  Guidance  Section: 
10 and FIFG:  1. These missions concerned  all the Objectives  and some Community  Initiatives (Pesca, 
Leader  II, Urban)  and innovative  measures. The Financial  Control  missions  included  the audit  of the 
management  and  inspection  systems  established  by  the  Member  States  as  well  as  the  financial 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

127 

position  of  the  programmes  themselves.  On-the-spot  inspections  were  undertaken  in  all  the  Member 
States and ranged from  two in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg and Austria to nine in Greece. 

The  missions  carried  out  were  selected  using  risk  analysis  and  carried  out  in  accordance  with  the 
protocols  signed  by  the  Commission's  Financial  Control  and  its  national  counterparts  and 
coordination  meetings  with  the  national  audit  authorities.  At  these  meetings,  action  to  be  taken  as a 
result of inspections by the Commission, national authorities or the Court of Auditors was discussed. 

Virtually  all  the  inspections  revealed  shortcomings  in  the  EAGGF  and  the  FIFG.  These  included 
weaknesses  in  the  management  and  audit  systems,  the  financing  of  ineligible  expenditure  (e.g.  the 
salaries  of  permanent  officials),  unauthorised  deductions  and  administrative  errors  resulting  in  the 
over-estimation  of  expenditure  declared  to  the  Commission.  It  also  appeared  that  operational 
programmes were often  being implemented  slowly or inadequately. 

The  following  problems  were  detected  with  the ESF:  failure  to comply  with  the  three-month  period 
for making appropriations  available, applications for the balance based on payment of advances rather 
than  on actual  costs, failure  to respect  the annual nature of the budget,  the  lack of clear guidelines on 
selection  procedures  and  criteria,  the  existence  of  flat-rate  payments  and  failure  to  comply  with  the 
separation  of management and audit functions  by the designated  authority. 

On-the-spot  inspections  of the ERDF detected  some irregularities  and  weaknesses  in the  management 
and  inspection  systems  of  the  Member  States. Reconstruction  of  the  audit  trail  and  the  identification 
of expenditure declared  to the Commission  sometimes encountered  some  difficulties. 

Community  rules  (public  procurement,  publicity,  conversion  of  expenditure  into  ecus)  were  not 
always  respected.  Final  beneficiaries  did  not  always  receive  the  whole  of  their  grants  because  of 
deductions  by  intermediary  bodies.  In  some  cases,  the  expenditure  declared  by  final  beneficiaries 
included  forecasts  of  expenditure.  It  was  also  found  that  the  checks  carried  out  by  the  responsible 
authorities had not always been as effective  as required. 

Enquiries by the anti-fraud  unit 

In  1997  the  Commission's  anti-fraud  unit  launched  58  new  enquiries  into  fraud  or  suspected  fraud 
relating  to structural  measures  and  undertook  52 inspections  concerning  such  measures,  either  alone 
or  in  association  with  the  departments  concerned.  Of  these  inspections,  17 concerned  the ERDF, 20 
the ESF,  13 the EAGGF Guidance  Section  and  two concerned  an enquiry  already  in progress  into the 
FIFG. 

A  large  number  of  these  enquiries  (22)  concerned  pilot  and  demonstration  projects  financed  under 
Article 8 of Regulation  (EEC) No 4256/88 covering finance  for  individual projects  under the EAGGF 
Guidance Section  (section 2.1.9). 

In  17 cases relating to the EAGGF Guidance  Section, the Commission  notified  the judicial  authorities 
of  three  Member  States  so  that  they  could  continue  and  extend  the  enquiries.  So  far,  investigations 
have revealed  weaknesses  in the  selection  and the management  and  audit  of  these projects.  However, 
in  1997  new  measures  to  improve  the  management  and  audit  of  the  Funds  should  reduce  these 
shortcomings:  clear  rules  on  expenditure  eligible  under  the  Structural  Funds,  adoption  of  a 
Regulation1  laying  down  the rules  which  the Member  States  must  observe  in  this  area  and  guidelines 
on the application  of net financial  corrections (see section  1.2.4). 

Furthermore,  in  1997  the  Member  States  notified  to  the  Commission  under  Regulation  (EC)  No 
1681/942 of  307 cases  of  irregularity  or fraud  (EAGGF Guidance  Section:  100, ESF:  123, ERDF: 79, 

1  Regulation (EC) No 2064/97 of  15 October 1997. 
2  OJL  178, 12.7.1994. 

128 

^ 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

FIFG: 5) involving ECU 55.9 million (EAGGF Guidance Section: ECU 5.6, ESF: ECU 21.2 million, 
ERDF: ECU 28.5 million, FIFG: ECU 600 000).3 

These figures show that the number of irregularities detected and the amounts involved are increasing, 
thanks to better checks by the Member States. However, national authorities find it difficult  to comply 
with  Article  5  of  Regulation  (EC)  No  1681/94,  under  which  they  are  required  to  notify  the 
Commission  in each case of the action taken following  detection of these irregularities (corrections, 
recovery, proceedings, no further  action, etc.). There  is therefore  a risk that the cases notified  may 
include some cases already closed about which the Commission has not been told. 

4.3.  THE VERIFICATION OF ADDITIONALITY 

Work has continued  both to resolve the outstanding problems mentioned  in the  1996 Annual report 
and  to  monitor  the  ongoing  respect  of  the  principle  of  additionality.  References  below  to 
methodological  or  presentational  problems  should  not  be  taken  to  mean  automatically  that  the 
principle of additionality is not being respected. 

For Objective  1, which accounts for almost 70% of total EU structural aid, updated tables have been 
received  in respect of nine of the eleven eligible  regions or Member States (Spain, Greece, Ireland, 
Portugal, Italy, Netherlands, Germany, UK and Austria). In two cases, Italy and Germany, the updates 
suggest that the public spending targets set in the programming documents were too optimistic in the 
assumptions on economic growth and the authorities of these two countries have provided arguments 
to support their situation. A further  problem in the Italian  case is that no data are available beyond 
1996.  Methodological  problems  have  still  to  be  resolved  for  Greece,  in  particular  incompatibility 
between methodologies used for the previous and the present programming period. The Commission 
has  requested  supplementary  information  from  Spain  on  the  additionality  tables  which  has not yet 
been supplied. In the case of Austria there are problems of presentation which need to be resolved. 

In the case of Objective 2, the ex-ante assessments for  1997/1999 which were still underway in 1996 
have been completed  and are satisfactory  in all  but two cases. For France there are methodological 
problems which will need to be resolved before further  payments can be made while for Luxembourg 
the  methodological  problems  have  now  been  resolved  and  it  is  expected  that  the  Luxembourg 
authorities will soon supply figures enabling the Commission to resume payments. Payments to these 
two  countries  remain  blocked  because  of  the  "suspensive  clauses"  inserted  in  the  Objective  2 
programming  documents  in  cases  where  inadequate  information  was  supplied  for  the  ex-ante 
assessment.  Other  Member  States  were  also  subject  to  these  clauses  but  have  since  supplied  the 
required information. 

In  the  context  of  the  on-going  monitoring  of  additionality  under  Objective  2,  the  majority  of  the 
twelve eligible Member States have provided updated figures. In addition to France and Luxembourg 
no update has been received  from  Denmark. There are  still  unresolved  problems in the updates  for 
Austria and Spain (see Objective  1 above). 

For Objective 5b the ongoing monitoring is still patchy. The main reason for the delays in providing 
updates  is that gathering figures  for  these, often  very small, areas runs into serious  methodological 
difficulties.  Of  the  twelve  Member  States  concerned  seven  (Germany,  Spain,  Netherlands,  UK, 
Austria,  Sweden  and  Finland)  have  supplied  updated  figures  while  Italy  is  still  in  the  process of 
finalising  the methodology  and has only provided  unofficial  figures.  Here again there are problems 
with Austria and Spain (see Objective  1 above). 

In respect of Objective 6 only Sweden has supplied updated figures. 

3  Figures relate to the first, second and third quarters of  1997. 

CHAPTERS: 

COORDINATION WITH OTHER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

131 

The  Council  Regulation  coordinating  the  Structural  Funds  (EEC)  No  20^3/93  stipulates  that  the 
Commission  must  ensure  coordination  and  consistency  between  the  Funds  and  assistance  from  the 
other financial  instruments such as the Cohesion Fund, the European Investment Bank, the European 
Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) and other operations with a structural purpose. Coordination is to 
be achieved without compromising the aims of the other instruments. 

5.1.  COHESION FUND 

The Cohesion Fund obviously  serves the goal of economic and social cohesion, providing assistance 
in tandem with the Structural Funds. The Cohesion Fund Regulation stipulates that it may contribute 
to  financing  project  stages  that  are  financially  and  technically  independent.  The  Regulation  also 
stipulates  that  no expenditure  can  simultaneously  qualify  for  aid  from  the  Cohesion  and  Structural 
Funds, the reason being that the Cohesion Fund must be able to fund one or more stages of an overall 
project  alongside the ERDF, since combining  the available financial  instruments  helps to maximise 
their funding  impact and speeds up the completion of trans-European  transport and energy networks 
in  particular.  This  option  of  staging  projects  requires  close  cooperation  between  the  financial 
instruments. Thorough  physical  and financial monitoring of the projects  is a necessary  precondition 
for achieving this. 

To  avoid  any  overlap  between  Community  assistance  from  different  sources,  stages  that  can  be 
identified  separately  are  defined  using  physical  indicators.  Those  responsible  for  managing  the 
Cohesion  Fund  regularly  organise  inter-departmental meetings  with  the other  financial  instruments, 
the  ERDF  in  particular,  to  ensure  the  best  coordination  possible.  It  goes  without  saying  that  the 
administrative burden in managing projects divided into stages is more complicated than for separate, 
whole projects. 

5.2. 

THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK 

In  1997 EIB lending  increased  by  12.6% over  1996 (as against  a rate of  increase  of  8.4%  in  1996, 
7.5% in  1995 and  1.6%  in  1994). The volume of loans contracted in  1997 in the Community reached 
ECU 23 billion  as against ECU 21 billion  in  1996 (up 9.6%). Loans were granted for projects  in all 
the Member States, including Austria, Sweden and Finland, where lending operations have got off to 
a  strong  start.  Assistance  increased  strongly  for  trans-European  networks,  industry  and  services, 
mobile phone systems. Performance differed  quite markedly from one Member State to another when 
compared with the previous year: there was a strong upswing in the United Kingdom and Belgium. 

The EIB and small businesses 

The EEB has supported  small firms  for  many years now through global  grants. In  1997 ECU 2 486 
million  was granted  for productive investment  in  13 000 small businesses, two thirds of which were 
located in regional development zones. 

Under  the  Amsterdam  Special  Action  Programme  (ASAP),  the  EIB  has  introduced  a  variety  of 
financial  instruments  to help  innovative  small  firms  and those with  strong growth  potential  to gain 
access to bank finance.  The first concrete manifestation  of this, the  "European  technology  facility", 
was established  by the EEB and the European  Investment Fund to support  investment  on the part of 
innovative small businesses by taking shares in intermediary structures such as venture capital funds. 

The concentration of funding  in favour of investment in regional development (Objectives  1, 2, 5(b), 
6), which had increased from  1995 to 1996, slowed down again with activity in  1997 returning to the 
1992 level. In the regions where development is lagging behind (Objective  1) EEB loans reached ECU 
5.2 billion, i.e. 36% of the total for regional development (49% in  1996, 46% in  1995, 48% in 1994). 
There has thus been strong downswing in activity in these regions compared to 1996. Funding in the 
four Cohesion countries (Greece, Ireland, Spain and Portugal) amounted to ECU 4 billion, lower than 

132 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

in previous years. Despite these falls,  it cannot  be denied  that the EEB remains a powerful  financial 
instrument for regional development. 

EIB -  Funding for regional development (in ECU million) 

1997 

1996 

1995 

1994 

Total activity in the Union(1) 
Regional development 
(of which, Objective 1) 
Countries eligible under the Cohesion  Fund 
(1) Amount of finance granted, i.e. individual loans signed and appropriations allocated for current 
global loans 

21.521 
67% 
36% 
28% 

19.810 
70% 
49% 
32% 

17.782 
68% 
46% 
38% 

16.624 
72% 
48% 
39% 

By  sector,  assistance  for  infrastructure  has  continued  to  increase  (+35%)  due  to  an  appreciable 
upswing in loans for  telecommunications  (mobile  telephony  in particular), the modernisation  of the 
railways  in  the  United  Kingdom  and  assistance  for  the  Belgian  high-speed  train.  Assistance  for 
environmental  projects,  including urban  infrastructure,  has also increased  strongly after  a period of 
stabilisation. Projects approved in the energy sector also fell  significantly  after the exceptionally high 
level reached in  1996. The Commission encourages the EEB to pay special attention to its activities in 
the cohesion countries. 

5.3.  THE EUROPEAN INVESTMENT FUND 

The  European  Investment  Fund  specialises  in  the  grant  of  guarantees  and  in  capital  transactions 
(equity financing). It is intended to support medium and long-term investment in two essential sectors 
for the Union: trans-European  networks, where it strives to facilitate  partnership between the public 
and  private  sectors,  and  small  firms,  where  its  role  is  to  facilitate  their  access  to  funding  at  a 
reasonable cost. It is thus an instrument  serving the Union's general economic development, with no 
particular focus  on cohesion. Nevertheless, because its effects  are felt  throughout the Community, it 
also benefits regions undergoing restructuring or whose development is lagging behind. 

In 1997, the loan volume guaranteed amounted to ECU 769 million. Of this, ECU 335 million went on 
trans-European  networks (mainly telecommunications)  and ECU 434 million on small firms, mostly 
on  projects  relating  to  growth  and  the  environment  (in  this  sector  the  Commission  and  the EEF 
collaborate to help small firms gain access to bank loans for environmental  investment). In terms of 
capital transactions, the EEF provided about ECU 26 million in equity funding. The EEF is involved in 
a  new  development  in  this  sector,  the  "European  Technology  Mechanism"  (ETM),  which  was 
established  as a result of the Amsterdam European  Council. The EEF manages ECU  125 million  for 
the EEB in respect of this new mechanism, with a view to venture capital investment in small  firms 
using or developing advanced technology. ECU 7.5 million was invested in 1997 under the ETM. 

As  a  result  of  the  special  European  Council  on  employment  in  Luxembourg,  the  EIF  and  the 
Commission are preparing proposals for new financial  instruments to support innovative, job-creating 
SMEs through: 

• 

• 

a venture-capital  arm, which  will  act  as  a "fund's  fund"  managed  by the EEF on behalf  of the 
Commission  for  investing in the most exposed  venture-capital  funds  not covered by the ETM or 
by the EEF's own venture-capital activities; 

a  "small-business  guarantee"  arm  geared  towards  SMEs  with  high  growth  potential  that  will 
concentrate on small firms having at least  100 employees. The aim is to improve access to loans 
covered  by  the  guarantee  systems  operating  in  the  Member  States  in  the  public  and  private 
sectors. The EEF will manage this resource while the European Union budget will cover the cost 
of any calls on guarantees granted by the EEF. 

9lh Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

_££_ 

5.4. 

THE EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL  COMMUNITY 

In preparation  for the expiry of the ECSC Treaty in 2002, the ECSC loan  instrument  offering  interest-
rate subsidies  for conversion  investments that create jobs  was definitively  wound up on 30 June  1997. 
The  instrument  was  separately  coordinated  by  the  regional  monitoring  committees  for  the  Structural 
Funds. 

In its  final  six  months  to June, a last global conversion  grant  of ECU  8.9  million  to create  about  670 
jobs  was  given  Council  assent.  ECU  2 million  was  committed  under  the  ECSC  budget  for  1997  for 
interest-rate  subsidies  on  current  loans.  During  1997,  the  Commission  paid  50  conversion  loan 
instalments to financial intermediaries amounting to ECU 206.8 million. 

5.5. 

THE FINANCIAL MECHANISM  OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AREA 

The  Agreement  on  the  European  Economic  Area  provides  for  a  financial  mechanism  to  promote 
economic  and  social  cohesion  in  the  Area  to be  funded  by  the  EFTA  countries  and  managed  by  the 
EIB.  Its  scope  is defined  in Protocol  38 to the Agreement:  grants  totalling ECU  500 million  between 
1994 and  1998 and  10-year interest-rate  subsidies  of 2% a year on a total  loan  volume of ECU  1 500 
million. The beneficiaries  of the Financial Mechanism are Greece, Ireland, Northern  Ireland, Portugal 
and  the  Objective  1 regions  of  Spain  (1989-93).  The  nature  of  this  instrument  makes  it  clearly  one 
promoting economic and social cohesion. 

As  a  result  of  the  accession  of  Austria,  Finland  and  Sweden,  their  contributions  to  the  Mechanism 
have  been  taken  over  by  the  Community  budget  (heading  B2-401,  ECU  108  million  a  year).  The 
Commission, as the body responsible for executing the Community  budget,  is thus jointly  responsible 
for the Mechanism and is represented on the Financial Mechanism Committee that approves projects. 

A  report  on  the  implementation  of  the  Mechanism  between  1 January  1996  and  30  June  1997  has 
been drawn up1. 

In  1997  the  interest-rate  subsidies  concerned  ECU  426.7  million  in  loans  for  one  project  in  Greece 
(transport:  ECU  100.4  million),  two  in  Portugal  (environment:  ECU  92.4  million)  and  8  in  Spain 
(transport:  ECU  125.3  million,  environment:  ECU  162  million,  education:  ECU  39  million).  The 
Committee  approved  ECU  74.3 million  in  grants. These  were  in  the  three  eligible  sectors:  transport, 
environment, and education and training. 

5.6. 

EDUCATION AND TRAINING  PROGRAMMES 

As the Union's  main  financial  instrument  for developing  human  resources, the ESF invests  massively 
in  education  and  training  systems.  Strong  links  and  coordination  therefore  exist  between  this 
assistance and the Union's other education and training  activities. 

Activity  in  1997  took  two  forms:  (1)  continuing  coordination  between  the  ESF  operations,  in 
particular the Employment  and Adapt Community  initiatives, and the two main education  and training 
programmes: Socrates and Leonardo; (2) specific  initiatives to encourage debate throughout the union 
on key policy issues related to education and training. 

The  arrangements  for  coordinating  programmes  currently  under  way  with  the  Socrates  and  Leonardo 
programmes  remained  in  place,  mostly  to ensure  a  consistent  approach  to  choosing  projects  for  the 
second and  last calls for proposals under Emploi and Adapt, and  for  the call  for proposals made at the 
end of  1997 under Article 6 (innovative schemes and technical assistance; see 2.1.9). 

COM(97) 567 final of 27 November 1997 

134 

9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

As regard  complementary  Community  policy  initiatives  in education  and  training,  the  Commission 
took up ideas originating in the Structural Funds for some of its initiatives: 

1.  The Commission  working group on education  and multimedia software  appraised, negotiated and 
concluded  contracts  in  1997  for  a  first  series  of  projects  launched  at  the  beginning  of  1998, 
following an open call for proposals in December 1996. 

2.  The Commission  communication  "Towards  a Europe  of  knowledge"2,  setting  out  guidelines  for 

future Community action in teaching, training and youth affairs  for the period 2000-06. 

3.  The  proposal  for  a  Council  Decision  on  the  promotion  of  European  pathways  for  work-linked 
training, including apprenticeship,  which  is a logical  follow-on  from  the communication  of June 
1997 "Promoting apprenticeship training in Europe"3. 

4.  The  Commission  proposal  for  a  comparative  assessment  of  progress  as  regards  access  to 
continuing  vocational  training,  based  on  the  report  on  access  to  continuing  training  in  the 
European Union presented in response to the Council of Ministers recommendation in 1993 in this 
regard. 

5.  The  Commission  call  for  proposals  in  September  1997  on  "IT  for  learning  and  training  in 

industry", as part of the specific programme on information technologies (Esprit). 

« 

6.  The interim report on the implementation of the Leonardo programme4. 

5.7.  COMMUNITY FUNDING ON TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS 

The  Community  financial  instrument  for  trans-European  networks  funding  (Regulation  (EC)  No 
2236/95 of  18 September  1995) provides part-funding  for projects of common interest in the field of 
trans-European transport, telecommunications and energy networks, under Article 129c of the Treaty. 

In addition to this TENs funding, the ERDF, along with the Cohesion Fund, remains one of the largest 
providers of grant-funding  for TENs. 

Considerable progress was made on various projects in 1997 and on the following in particular: 

• 

the rail link between Dublin and Belfast was officially  opened on 21 October; 

•  most  of  the  work on the transport  of  gas, the  introduction  of natural  gas in  Greece, Spain and 

Portugal and on the Algeria-European Union gas pipeline has been completed; 

•  work is progressing on various sections of the Pathe motorway in Greece; 

• 

the  high-speed  railway  link  from  the French  border  to Brussels  as part  of  the  PBKAL became 
operational on 14 December; 

•  most of the 28 Euro-ISDN projects (integrated services digital network) funded  in  1995 and 1996 

are proceeding satisfactorily and 10 of these projects were completed by the end of 1997. 

2 COM(97) 563 final 
3 COM(97) 300 
4  COM(97) 399 final 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

M  -A}& 

ERDF funding  for TENs -1997 commitment appropriations (in ECU million^: 

(Because of the ERDF's system of multiannual programming, this is not a complete  listing) 

Notes 

Can include in certain cases 
commitments made at the end of 1996 

TRANSPORT 

Sector 

ENERGY 

Roads 
Railways 
Airports 
Ports 
Total 
Natural gas 
Electricity 
Total 

TELECOMMUNICATIONS 

-

Commitments 
369,9 
136,9 
5,0 
14,9 
526,7 
274,4 
2,9 
277,3 
-

(figure not available) 

CHAPTER 6: 

COMPATIBILITY AND COMPLEMENTARITY WITH THE OTHER COMMUNITY 
POLICIES 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds  (1997) 

I39 

Article 7 of the Framework Regulation  governing the Structural Funds (Council  Regulation  (EEC) No 
2052/88,  as  amended  by  Regulation  (EEC)  No  2081/93)  requires  the  measures  financed  by  the 
Structural  Funds, the EEB or  another  financial  instrument  to be in conformity  with  the Treaties,  with 
particular  regard  to the competition  rules and  the award  of public  contracts.  Such  measures  must  also 
be compatible with the Union's other major  policies. 

6.1. 

THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS, EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL POLICY 

The  Amsterdam  European  Council  in  June  1997  marked  a  turning  point  for  employment  policies  in 
the  Union.  Adoption  of  the  Title  on  employment  meant  that  the  Heads  of  State  and  Government 
considered  employment  a  matter  of  common  concern.  The  new  Treaty  improved  coordination  of 
national  policies  on  employment  and  paved  the  way  for  joint  guidelines  which  may  lead  to 
recommendations to the Member States. 

Following  inclusion  of the Title  on employment,  the extraordinary  European  Council  on  employment 
on  20  and  21  November  1997  adopted  guidelines  for  1998  and  began  a  process  which  enabled  the 
Member  States,  depending  on  the  employment  situation,  to  adopt  national  programmes  for 
employment  compatible  with  the  guidelines  and  using  a  global  approach;  this  also  involves 
appropriate macroeconomic policies. 

The Luxembourg  European  Council  in December  reached  agreement  on  an overall  strategy  entailing 
coordination  of  the  employment  policies  of  the  Member  States  in  order  to  achieve  convergence  on 
verifiable  and  regularly  updated  targets  to  be  included  in  the  national  programmes  for  employment 
drawn  up by the Member States. This coordination  of employment  policies by the Member States  will 
begin when the Council adopts the guidelines. 

The  guidelines  constitute  a  four-pronged  approach:  improving  employability,  developing  business 
spirit,  encouraging  firms  and  staff  to  be  more  adaptable  so  that  the  labour  market  can  react  to 
economic change and promoting equal opportunities. 

Implementation  of  this  strategy  relies  on  the  combined  efforts  of  all  concerned:  Member  States, 
regions,  social  partners  and  Community  institutions  to  achieve  a  significant  increase  in  the  rate  of 
employment  in  Europe.  The  preventive  approach  of  the  new  strategy  is  of  vital  importance  because 
the early  identification  of  needs  will  check  rising  unemployment  among  young  people  and  long-term 
unemployment.  The custom-designed  answers  give priority  to active measures  over  passive  measures 
concentrating  on benefits.  In addition, joint  indicators  based  on comparable  statistics  are fixed for  the 
effective  monitoring and assessment of policies and to identify  good practice. 

The national programmes  will set deadlines for  achieving the desired result in the light, principally, of 
the  administrative  and  financial  resources  deployed.  Each  year  the  Member  States  will  submit  their 
national  programmes  to  the  Council  and  the  Commission  for  consideration  prior  to  the  European 
Council. The Council  is pledged  to carry out in the second  half of the year an examination  of how the 
Member  States  have  integrated  the  guidelines  into  their  national  policies  and  will  make  a  report, 
prepared  jointly  with  the  Commission,  on  the  employment  situation  in  the  Community  and  the 
measures  taken  by  the  Member  States  to  implement  their  employment  policy  in  the  light  of  the 
guidelines, which are to be sent to the European  Council by the end of the year. 

Following  Agenda  2000, the new  regulations  governing  the  Funds  were  adopted  by  the  Commission 
in March  1998 and then discussed  by the Council and Parliament. The starting point for the role of the 
ESF  in  the  revised  Structural  Funds  will  be  the  new  Title  of  the  Treaty  and  the  new  employment 
strategy to develop annual national  programmes. 

140 

9th A nnual Report of the Structural  Funds (199 7) 

6.2. 

THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE  ENVIRONMENT 

Implementation  of  the  communication  "Cohesion  policy  and  the  environment"1  continued.  In 
addition, Parliament  stepped  up its "greening  of the budget" by establishing  in the  1997 budget  a new 
heading  dedicated  to the environmental  aspects  of  cohesion  policy  (B2-1600). This  heading  has been 
used  for  a  variety  of  measures  such  as  seminars  to  increase  the  awareness  of  those  managing  funds 
and  studies  on  the  impact  on  the  environment  of  the  operations  of  the  Cohesion  Fund  and  the 
Structural  Funds. However,  not all  the  appropriations  available  could  be committed  because  many of 
the  measures  eligible  under  this  new  heading  were  already  being  financed  and  because  of  the  time 
required to establish new measures. 

In line  with the greening  of the budget,  the Commission  provided  Parliament  with  information  on the 
environmental  aspects  of  ERDF  and  Cohesion  Fund  projects  costing  more  than  ECU  50  million. 
Information  on  the  1996  projects  was  sent  to  Parliament  on  31  July  1997. The  list  of  projects  was 
published  in the Official  Journal.2 

The environmental  aspects of the new Structural  Funds  programmes 

In  accordance  with  the  guidelines  sent  to  the  Member  States  and  the  environmental  profiles  sent  to 
them  in  1993  and  reiterated  in  1996,  the  new  Objective  2  programmes  approved  in  1997  stressed 
preventive  measures  for  the environment,  such  as environmentally-friendly  products  and  research  on 
the environment. 

While  the  nature  of  the  environmental  dimension  still  varies  substantially  from  one  programme  to 
another,  a  feature  of  the  new  Objective  2  programmes  is  the  better  integration  of  environmental 
considerations  into  the  various  non-environmental  measures.  Although  this  was  desired,  it  will  in 
future  create a paradoxical  situation  with regard  to the environmental  quality  of the  Structural Funds: 
the better environmental  measures are integrated  into other measures, the less visible they will be. 

Accordingly,  in  November  1997 
the  Commission  adopted  a  communication  on  environment  and 
employment3  which  sets  out  a  clear  strategy  for  complementary  policies  on  the  environment  and 
employment.  The  Commission  invites  exploitation  of  the  opportunities  offered  by  technology  and 
innovation  to  promote  the  establishment  and  growth  of  firms  and  to  support  methods  of  production 
and consumption  patterns which will be sustainable  in environmental  terms. 

The  Interreg  II C Community  Initiative  (transnational  cooperation),  half  of  whose  programmes  were 
approved  in  1997, deals  explicitly  with questions  of  sustainable  development  such  as cooperation  on 
planning, the prevention  of drought  through  the rational  use of  water  resources, flood  prevention  and 
the management of water basins and the sustainable use of natural resources. 

Monitoring and assessment of Structural  Fund  programmes 

To  identify  preventive  measures  and  good  practice,  the  Commission  launched  a  study  on  the 
sustainable  environment  and  the  Structural  Funds  in  the  Objective  2  areas  which  was  published  in 
June  1997.  A  guide  to  good  practice  will  help  those  responsible  for  promoting  measures  for 
environmentally-friendly  development. 

Because  the environment  is a complex  concept  and  the  possible  impact  of the Structural  Funds  on it 
varies  very considerably,  in August  1997 the  Commission  published  a major  call  for  tenders  inviting 
consultants  to develop  a methodology  to assess  the  quantitative  impact  on the environment  based on 
studies of actual impacts. The project  is financed  from  budget heading B2-1600. 

1  COM(95) 509 final of 22 November 1995. 
2  OJC 301,2.10.1997. 
3  COM(97) 592  final. 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

^^ 

^ 

141 

All  programmes  under  Objectives  1, 3, 4,  5(b)  and  6  lasting  more  than  three  years  were  subject  to 
interim assessment  in  1997 (see section 3.1). 

Environmental  awareness  in  the  Commission  and  among  national  managers  of  the  Structural 
Funds 

A series of training  courses for  Commission  staff  on the integration  of the environment  into the other 
policies began  in autumn  1997. 

The  Commission  also  organised  training  seminars  on  the  environment  for  Fund  managers  in  the 
Member  States.  Two  seminars  on  the  environmental  dimension  of  environmental  projects  were 
organised  in  Ireland  (September  1997) and the United  Kingdom  (October  1997). Others  will be held 
during  1998 in Portugal, Greece, France and Germany (budget heading B2-1600). 

Exchanges with  non-governmental  organisations (NGOs) in the environmental  field 

The  participation  of  NGOs  at national  and  regional  level  is  the  responsibility  of  the  Member  States. 
At  Community  level  discussions  of  opinions  and  experiences  with  NGOs  have  increased.  In 
November  1997 the Commission  organised an exchange of its staff  and representatives of NGOs  from 
six Member  States. This led to discussions at European  level on how the environment  should be taken 
into account  in the practical  implementation of programmes. 

6.3. 

CONTRIBUTION  OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS TO PROMOTING  EQUAL 
OPPORTUNITIES FOR MEN AND WOMEN 

The adjustment  of programmes for the development or conversion of regions 

In  the  guidelines  which  it  sent  to  the  Member  States  concerning  the  adjustment  of  Structural  Funds 
programmes  up  to  the  end  of  1999,4 the  Commission  expressed  the  hope  that  measures  to  promote 
equal  opportunities  would  be  improved,  either  through  general  measures  in  the  programmes 
("mainstreaming") or through  specific  measures. The positive  measures  proposed  in those  guidelines 
included  improved  social  infrastructure,  access  to employment,  access  to  services  and  facilities,  the 
fostering  of the business spirit among women and the combination  of family  and working life. 

Most  Member  States  took  this  Community  priority  into  account  in  the  adjustments  they  made  (see 
section  1.2.2).  Examples  include  new  provisions  or  aid  schemes  for  women  in  business  (Italy, 
Finland,  Germany,  Spain),  training  (Greece,  Netherlands,  Spain)  or  finance  for  nurseries  and 
children's centres (United Kingdom, Italy). The Commission's communication  on new programmes in 
areas undergoing industrial conversion  in  1997-995 (see section  1.2.1) sets out the position  on equality 
with particular reference  to improving employment prospects for  women. 

Equal opportunities  in the ESF programmes 

The Member States chose to adopt a double approach in implementing the equal opportunities priority 
under  Objective  3. Most  adopted  specific  programmes  for  equal  opportunities  while  a small  minority 
adopted  the approach  of  integration.  However, the measures  are quite  similar:  encouraging  women to 
participate  to  a  greater  extent  in  the  areas  where  they  are  under-represented,  the  training  of 
instructors, basic  training and  vocational  training for  women  and those returning  to their own country 
without  jobs,  apprenticeships,  employment  aid  and  recruitment  grants,  promotion  of  the  business 
culture  among  women,  on-going  training  in  small  firms,  guidance,  advisory  and  placement  services 
and,  in  some  countries,  measures  to protect  children  and  special  assistance  to  help  men  and  women 
combine family  and  work responsibilities. As regards the ESF Community  Initiatives, Now is still the 

4  C(97) 1381. 
5  COM(97)524. 

142 

_ __ 

, 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

main equal opportunities programme. In the context of Adapt, a working party led by Sweden began 
work on this subject in 1997. 

The Community Initiatives 

A specific  horizontal clause was inserted into the Community Initiative programmes when they were 
revised. Now is the main specific programme concerning equal opportunities for men and women and 
the exploitation  for  distribution  purposes  of  what  has been  achieved  began  in  1997. In the case of 
Adapt, a working party on equal opportunities led by Sweden has been established. Initiatives such as 
Urban, Interreg  and Leader  also contain  a variety  of provisions  which encourage the launch  of and 
support for projects concerning women. 

Studies, assessment and pilot projects 

The  studies  begun  in  1996 (Finland,  Spain)  to identify  the  types  of  assistance  from  the  Structural 
Funds, and specifically  the ERDF, with heavy stress on equal opportunities for men and women, were 
completed in  1997 (Ireland, Portugal and Greece). Furthermore, to help programme managers and the 
assessment teams, the Commission wished to draw up a methodological note setting out the methods 
of evaluation appropriate to the special nature of the questions concerning equal opportunities which 
arise in the Structural Funds policies. This work was carried out with the assistance of experts under 
the Means6 programme and is expected to have been completed early in 1998. 

Around  ten  Recite  II  (internal  interregional  cooperation  1998-99)  pilot  projects  concerning  the 
networking  of resource centres  to encourage  women  to take part  in economic  life  were  selected. A 
seminar was held to discuss the aims and working methods of the networks for the projects  selected. 
In  April  the  call  for  proposals  for  the Ecos-Ouverture  (external  interregional  cooperation  projects) 
was issued. One of its themes is the promotion of equal opportunities. 

Preparation of the new regulations 

During  preparation  of  the  new  regulations,  thought  was  given  to  fostering  the  principle  of  equal 
opportunities and giving it specific  form in the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of 
programmes. 

6.4.  THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL 

DEVELOPMENT (RTD) 

RTD and innovation continue to play an increasing role in assistance from the Structural Funds. This 
was,  in  fact,  the  horizontal  subject  covered  in  the  eighth  Annual  Report  (1996),  where  particular 
attention was paid to this element of assistance in each country and many examples given. In addition, 
the Commission decided to prepare a communication  on "Reinforcing  cohesion  and competitiveness 
through  research,  technological  development  and  innovation"  (see  section  1.3.5)  to  highlight  the 
importance of R&TD and innovation  in the modernisation  and diversification  of regional economic 
structures. 

At  about  ECU  2  500  million  (16.8%  of  the  total  budget  for  Objective  2),  assistance  for  R&TD 
measures in those areas is considerably higher than in the preceding period. Growth from the 1994-96 
sub-period to  1997-99 is particularly  striking with resources devoted to R&TD and innovation  rising 
from  14.2% of the total budget to 18.4%. Because of their longer industrial tradition, some Objective 
2 areas have made greater use of R&TD and innovation for economic development on the basis of key 
factors  such as the public/private/voluntary  sector partnership, exchanges between  local universities 
and large firms, the existence of firms with special know-how in R&TD and innovation, an industrial 

6  For Means, see Chapter 3 - Assessment. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

143 

culture and economic environment directed  towards production,  services adapted to the needs of  local 
industry and business parks near large towns. 

Alongside  assistance  from  the  Funds,  the  Commission  has  launched  a  number  of  pilot  projects  to 
overcome certain  difficulties  encountered  by the regions in developing and sustaining their  innovation 
programmes.  Under  Article  10  of  the  ERDF  Regulation  and  in  cooperation  with  the  innovation 
programme,  regional  innovation  strategies  (RIS)  and  regional  innovation  and  transfer  of  technology 
strategies (RTT - innovation programme) have been devised  to extend cooperation  between the public 
and*private  sectors  and  between  firms  in  the  region  and  the  supply  of  services  and  infrastructure  for 
R&TD and innovation (see section 2.1.9). 

6.5. 

THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS  (TENs) 

During  1997 each  of  the three  sectors  of  the TENs  (transport,  telecommunications  and  energy)  made 
progress. The  greatest  advances  in  legal  terms  were the  amendment  of Article  129c  by  the  Treaty  of 
Amsterdam (to facilitate  the financing  of projects  by the private sector), the adoption  of guidelines on 
the telecommunications  TEN,7 the amendment of the guidelines  for the energy TEN8 to update the list 
of  projects  of  common  interest  and  the  proposal  to  revise  the  guidelines  for  the  transport  TEN  to 
include ports and intermodal  terminals.9 

With  regard  to the financing  of  the TENs,  in June  1997 the  high-level  group chaired  by  Mr  Kinnock 
and  comprising  representatives  of  the  ministers  of  transport  and  the  private  sector  published  its 
recommendations  on  how  public/private  partnerships  could  be  developed  in  transport  projects.  Two 
communications  resulted,  one  on  the  Commission's  responses  and  proposals  concerning  the 
recommendations  from  a European  viewpoint  and one clarifying  the competition  rules  to apply  to the 
new transport  projects. The Commission's  Agenda  2000 also proposed  a new  financial  perspective  to 
give greater priority to the TENs. 

To  improve  coordination  between  the  various  Commission  departments  and  the  other  financial 
institutions  (such  as the EEB and  the EEF) involved  in financing  TENs projects,  the Commission  took 
steps  to buttress  the  strategic  priorities,  encourage  vigorous  cooperation  on  the  various  projects  and 
improve  the  exchange  of  information.  These  include  establishment  of  group  of  directors  to  meet  at 
least twice a year and the preparation  of a multiannual  plan. 

6.6.  THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND TOURISM 

A  number  of  specific  measures  for  tourism  completed  or  launched  in  1997  are  of  considerable 
importance  for  local  or regional  development.  These  include  projects  relating  to  visitor  management 
and  transport,  the  project  for  networking  tourism  and  the  environment  now  being  carried  out  and 
studies on the integrated  management of the quality of urban, rural and coastal tourist destinations. 

Consideration  of  tourism  under  programming  is  intended  to review  the  strategy,  implementation  and 
results of operational  programmes and measures concerned  with tourism. 

Specific  evaluation  measures  will  be  undertaken  particularly  for  those  countries  which  have 
substantial  tourist potential  and where the Structural Funds play a significant  role. 

With regard  to the quantitative  analysis  and qualitative  evaluation  of the  impact  of tourism under  the 
structural  policies,  the  Advisory  Committee  on  tourism  decided  on  21  October  1997  to  set  up  a 

7  Decision 1336/97/EC of 17 June 1997, OJ L 183, 11.7.1997. 
8  Decision 1047/97/EC of 29 May 1997, OJ L 152, 11.6.1997. 
9  COM(97) 681 of  10 December 1997. 

144 

9* Annual  Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

working party on urban tourism in Europe with the aim of stimulating  the exchange of experience and 
good  practice  and  drawing  operational  conclusions.  This  should  lead  to  the  production  in  1998 of  a 
summary report as input for the European discussion  on urban  matters. 

The Luxembourg conference  on 4 and  5 November  1997 on  guidelines  for  action  in employment  and 
tourism10  and  the  related  conclusions  of  the  Council  of  26  November  opened  the  way  to  a  more 
general  consideration  of  the  contribution  of  tourism  to  economic,  social  and  territorial  cohesion.  A 
high-level group on tourism and employment  was set up to consider how tourism could make a greater 
contribution  to  growth  and  improving  employment  in  Europe.  This  group  will  report  to  the 
Commission  in October  1998. 

6.7.  THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND CULTURE 

The  Commission's  1996  communication  "Cohesion  policy  and  culture:  a  contribution 
to 
employment"11  noted  that,  although  culture  is  playing  an  increasingly  important  role  in  regional 
development  and  cohesion  policy,  its  potential  is  not  being  fully  used  in  the  operation  of  the 
Structural  Funds. 

The  Member  States  and  the regions decide  themselves  whether  and  how  to give priority  to  including 
culture  in  their  programmes.  The  new  Objective  2  programmes  (1997-99)  follow  the  Commission's 
guidelines,12  where  it describes  culture  as  a source  of  employment  which  enables  local  and  regional 
development  potential to better exploited, to differing  degrees. 

During  1997 the Commission  approved  under Article  10 of the ERDF Regulation  32 pilot projects  for 
interregional  cooperation  on  culture.  The  integrated  approach  to  development  will  promote  the 
establishment  of  cooperation  projects  whose  economic  goals  have  a  cultural  component,  the 
preservation  and  promotion  of  the  region's  cultural  assets,  job-creation,  the  integration  of  the 
unemployed  and  young  people  into  working  life  and  the  exchange  of  know-how  and  experience. 
These projects  are being supported  by the ERDF to the tune of ECU  15 million between January  1997 
and December  1998. 

6.8. 

THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND COMPETITION  POLICY 

Under Articles 92 and 93 of the Treaty, the Commission  constantly considers  schemes of State aids to 
firms where they are likely to distort competition and affect  trade between the Member States. It must, 
in particular,  take account  of the impact  on competition  and  trade  of  any cumulation  of  State aid  and 
Community  finance.  Hence  in  1997  the  Commission  completed  consideration  of  the  compatibility 
with  the  Treaty  of  measures  in  the  SPDs  concerning  assistance  from  the  Funds  to  the  Objective  2 
areas in  1997-99. 

In accordance  with the principle of concentration  of  aid  to the less-favoured  regions, the  Commission 
continued  its  efforts  to  codify  the  rules  and  ensure  equal  treatment  for  all  Member  States.  On  16 
December  it  adopted  new  guidelines  on  regional  aid  which  brought  together  the  criteria  used  for 
assessing State aids for regional purposes  and replaced  all the current  provisions by a single text. One 
of  the new features  introduced, the reduction of aid  intensities  admissible for  large firms, reflects  the 
desire to reduce  the distortions  of competition  brought  about  by  aids  while  having regard  to the need 
for  cohesion.  In  addition  to  reducing  intensities  in  general,  the  Commission  introduced  rules 
permitting the modulation  of the maximum intensities  of aid  in the light  of the seriousness and extent 
of regional problems. 

10  In the course of publication. 
1 •  COM(96) 512 final of 20 November 1996. 
12  C(96) 952  final. 

9lh Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

The guidelines  increase  the coherence of the Structural Funds by making eligibility  under the Funds a 
further  criterion  for  eligibility  for  national  aid. When  adopting  the  guidelines,  the  Commission  fixed 
the  ceiling  for  the  coverage  of  regional  aid  at  42.7%  of  the  population  of  the  Union  for  2000-06  as 
against  46.7%  in  1994-99  (see  section  1.3.4,  the  communication  "Regional  policy  and  competition 
policy" prepared  in  1997). 

The quest  for  coherence  also applied  to the map of the regions  eligible  for  aid  for  regional  purposes. 
New  maps  were  adopted  for  Italy  (for  the  regions  eligible  under  Article  92(3)(c)  of  the  Treaty), 
Denmark  and Finland  for  1997-99. In each case, the percentage  of the population  covered  by regional 
aids  was  set  so  as  to  maximise  their  economic  effectiveness,  limit  their  impact  on  competition  and 
make better use of budgetary resources. 

In  1997  the  Commission  also  adopted  a  multisectoral  framework  for  regional  aids  for  major 
investment  projects  designed  to  limit  the  often  excessive  amounts  of  regional  aid  going  to  major 
projects. It is part of the broader objective of eventually replacing the various  sectoral rules  governing 
State  aids  by  a single  approach  to important  aids cases  irrespective  of the  sector  of  activity,  with  the 
exception of coal and  steel, which will remain subject  to the ECSC Treaty until July 2002. 

To  make  the  monitoring  of  State  aids  more  effective,  the  Commission  is  considering  simplifying 
procedures  for  certain  categories.  It  has  therefore  sent  the  Council  a  proposal  for  an  enabling 
regulation  based  on Article 94 of the Treaty. In its draft,  the Commission  asks the Council for  powers 
to  adopt  regulations  exempting  certain  categories  of  aid  from  the  prior  notification  requirement 
provided  that  certain  criteria  are  met.  These  are  mainly  aids  with  which  the  Commission  is  fully 
conversant  and  for  which  it has already  defined  precise  criteria  for  assessing  their compatibility  with 
the  common  market  through  frameworks  or  guidelines  (small  firms,  R&D,  the  environment, 
employment  and  training  and  regional  aids). The  Council  has  already  given  its  approval  in  principle 
and the proposal  should be adopted in 1998. 

6.9. 

THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS AND THE TRANSPARENCY  OF PUBLIC 
PROCUREMENT 

In previous  reports,  the  Commission  insisted  on  the  need  to bring  those  taking  decisions  on  projects 
geographically  closer  together  to  improve  the  preparation  and  monitoring  of  files,  speed  of 
implementation  and  comprehension  of Community  texts. Since  information  on public  procurement  is 
to  be  found  at  national,  regional  or  local  level,  checks  should  also  cover  assistance  to  those  taking 
decisions and so should be included at the appropriate level. 

The  Commission  set  out  its  views  on  public  procurement  in  a  Green  Paper13  which  it  adopted  in 
November  1996.  This  was  followed  in  1997  by  the  evaluation  and  analysis  of  the  contributions  of 
those involved  in economic  life and preparation  of the first reflections  on the future  of the sector. 

The  discussion  on  structural  policies  centred  mainly  on  some  proposals  made  in  the  Green  Paper 
which  would  strengthen  the  partnership  with  the  Member  States.  The  ideas  put  forward  by  the 
Commission  include  the  establishment  at  national  level  of  independent  bodies  to  monitor  public 
procurement  which  could  guarantee  the correct  application  of  the  provisions  in  force,  greater  use of 
the  attestation  procedure  under  which  an  independent  person  certifies  compliance  with  Community 
rules  on  public  procurement  (for  which  provision  already  exists  in  the  Remedies  for  Utilities 
directive)  and  increasing  the  sense  of responsibility  of  those  taking  decisions  on  public  procurement 
who have  to commit  themselves  personally  to respecting  the  rules. However,  it  should  be  noted  that 
these  ideas  do  not  in  any  way  imply  that  the  Commission  is  abandoning  its  prerogatives.  It  will 
continue to monitor public contracts as required by the Treaty and the directives. 

13  COM(96) 583 final of 27 November  1996. 

/ 46 

9th Annual  Report  of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

The  Commission  issued  a communication  on  the  conclusions  of  this  discussion  and  the  measures  it 
intends to take early in  1998. 

6.10.  THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS, THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY  (CAP) 

AND THE COMMON FISHERIES POLICY 

The  general  background  to  the  compatibility  of  the  Structural  Funds  with  the  CAP  was  set  out  in 
detail  on  the  eighth  Annual  Report  on  the  implementation  of  the  Structural  Funds  (1996)  to  which 
reference  should be made. 

Measures of two types illustrate particularly  vividly the way the CAP is compatible with the structural 
policies: analysis of the State aid schemes and monitoring the sectors excluded  from aids. 

In general, whenever  a State aid scheme is proposed,  it is always examined  for  compatibility  with the 
existing rules governing the CAP and those on State aids. The measures selected  as priorities  included 
the  application  of  new  technologies,  energy  saving  and  quality  promotion.  As  regards  irrigation,  for 
example,  priority  was  given  to  measures  to  improve  existing  structures  to  avoid  water  losses 
(evaporation,  leaks,  etc.)  without  affecting 
the  area  under  irrigation.  Where  new  areas  were 
concerned,  the  Commission  imposed  very  strict  limits  on  extensions  and  asked  to  be  notified  of  the 
crops planned. 

In  the  case  of  investment  aids,  limits  are  imposed  on  certain  sectors  to  avoid  the  production  of 
surpluses  (pigs, eggs and poultrymeat, beef/veal,  milk). Priority  for processing  and marketing is given 
to  certain  types  of  investment,  for  example  those  relating  to  the  protection  of  the  environment, 
technological  innovation  and  improving  quality  and  health  conditions  and  the  Commission  has  laid 
down  selection  criteria  in  accordance  with  the  guidelines  set  out  in  Community  policies  and  in 
particular  the  CAP.  In  some  sectors  (tobacco  and  fodder  crops),  investment  aid  is  prohibited  and  in 
others  restrictions  have  been  imposed,  sometimes  accompanied  by  obligations  to  reduce  capacity 
(slaughtering, the grouping of firms in the wine and alcohol sectors). 

Looking  to the  future,  in  its Agenda  2000 communication  of  15 July  1997, the Commission  proposed 
continuing  the  thorough  reform  of the CAP begun  in  1992. This proposal  seeks to provide aid  mainly 
in the form of direct payments and has five goals: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

to improve competitiveness to consolidate the Union's position as a major  world  exporter; 

to ensure the safety  and quality of foodstuffs  for consumers, the major  priority of the CAP; 

to ensure a fair  living for those employed  in agriculture by stabilising their incomes; 

to  integrate  environmental  objectives  into  the  CAP  more  effectively,  mainly  through  better 
management  of natural  resources and protecting the countryside; 

diversifying  activities  in the countryside  in order to provide jobs and  supplementary  or  alternative 
sources of income both in agriculture and elsewhere. 

Since  1994  the  integration  of  the  structural  aspect  of  fisheries  in  the  Structural  Funds  has  sought  the 
structural  adjustments  required  to  achieve  the  aims  of  the  common  fisheries  policy  by  making 
assistance  in the  sector  subject  to compliance  with the goals of  achieving  a balance between  fisheries 
stocks  and  their  exploitation.  The  measures  for  the  fishing  fleet  financed  by  the  FTFG must  comply 
with the  aims  of  multiannual  guidance  programmes  (MGPs),  which  restrict  the  fishing  effort  of  each 
Member  State.  In  particular,  aid  for  the  construction  of  new  fishing  vessels  is  authorised  only  if  the 
intermediate annual  goals of the MGP, and subsequently, the final goals are respected. 

^m.jLix 

CHAPTER 7: 

INTERINSTITUTIONAL DIALOGUE, DIALOGUE WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL 
PARTNERS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION 

9th Annual Report of the Structural  Funds (1997) 

149 

7.1. 

INTERINSTITUTIONAL  DIALOGUE 

Implementation  of the Community  policies calls for constant dialogue between the various  institutions 
of the Union. The structural  policies are naturally  no exception  to this principle. Exchanges  may take 
many  forms,  i.e.  formal  (e.g.  meetings  of  Parliament  or  its  committees,  or  ministerial  meetings), 
informal  (seminars  or  joint  working  parties),  at  political  or  technical  level  (interdepartmental  or 
within  the  Structural  Funds  committees).  Following  on  several  Commission  communications  and 
documents,  the  main  subjects  tackled  in  1997 related  to  the  First  Report  on  economic  and  social 
cohesion  in the Union,  the adoption  of new Objective 2 programmes  for  1997-99,  improvements  to 
the  administration  and  monitoring  of  the Funds  under  SEM 2000  and, naturally,  the  future  of the 
Structural  Funds  in connection  with the communication  on "Agenda  2000". The role  of the Funds in 
the  promotion  of  the  information  society  also  received  close  attention,  as  did  action  in  support  of 
urban areas and spatial  development  planning at Community level. 

7.1.1.  DIALOGUE  WITH THE  EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT 

Two new Commission  communications  on "Cohesion  and the information  society" and "Towards an 
urban  agenda  in the European  Union"  were  presented,  though  the core  of  relations  with  Parliament 
concerned  the future  of the Structural  Funds. The President  and many MEPs  took  part  in a forum on 
economic  and  social  cohesion  in  April,  the  conclusions  of  which  provided  the  inspiration  for the 
chapter  on  cohesion  in  "Agenda  2000"  (see  section  1.1.2).  That  document,  which  describes  the 
outlook  for  the European  Union  at the dawn  of the next  century,  was made  public  by Mr Santer at 
Parliament's  plenary  session  in July. The Members of the Commission  concerned  subsequently  made 
statements  before  the  relevant  parliamentary  committees  on  the  sections  concerning  cohesion  and 
structural  development.  A  seminar  was  organised  to  enable  MEPs  to  discuss  priorities  for  the 
preparation  of  the  new  Structural  Fund  regulations  with  Commission  representatives.  A  public 
hearing  on cohesion  and enlargement  gave  Mrs Wulf-Mathies  the opportunity  to introduce  the  new 
Pre-Accession  Structural  Instrument  (PASI)  and  to  stress  the  need  to  help  the  local,  regional  and 
national authorities in the applicant countries to prepare actively for accession. 

Parliament's  participation  in  the  debate  on  the  future  of  the  Structural  Funds  was  marked  by the 
adoption  of  a  resolution  on the First  Report  on cohesion,  adopted  by the Commission  in  late 1996. 
The  resolution  expressed  Parliament's  support  for  stepping  up  the  Union's  efforts  to  achieve 
cohesion, reducing the number of Objectives, maintaining preferential  treatment for Objective  1  areas, 
improving  the  coordination  of  the  Community  instruments  and  establishing  a  specific  financial 
instrument for structural  adjustment  in the applicant countries. 

Other resolutions were adopted  on current assistance operations. Parliament  noted the underutilisation 
of  budget  appropriations  in  some  Member  States  (Italy  and  Belgium  inter  alia)  and  requested  the 
Commission  to  propose  a  review  of  certain  goals.  Despite  initial  problems  in  Austria,  Finland and 
Sweden,  Parliament  noted  that  the structural  policy can be considered  a success  in those  countries; it 
is in favour  of operations  in the more prosperous  Member States, though citing specific  problems that 
need  to be  solved.  Own-initiative  reports  were  adopted  in the  field of crossborder  and  interregional 
cooperation  with  a  view  to future  accessions.  One resolution  supported  incorporating  provisions in 
favour  of the most remote regions in the Treaty of Amsterdam. 

With  regard  to  the  labour  market  and  human  resources,  the  Commission  followed  the  work  of 
Parliament's  Committee on Social  Affairs  closely. The Committee prepared  a resolution  on the future 
of  the  ESF,  which  was  adopted  on  21  November  1997.  In  this  connection,  the  Commission's 
representatives  met  the  MEPs  on  several  occasions  to  study  the  Commission's  reports  on  the 
implementation  of  the  ESF,  the  reports  on  economic  and  social  cohesion  and  the  Agenda 2000 
proposals.  Cooperation  within  the ESF/Parliament  ad hoc working  group  continued  to  bear  fruit  in 
1997. The working  group  looked  into the utilisation  of ESF resources  and innovative  operations and 
exchanged  views on the reform  of the Structural Funds. 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

In  the field of agricultural  structures  and rural  development,  Parliament's  Committee  on  Agriculture 
and  Rural  Development  exchanged  views  with  the  Member  of  the  Commission  responsible  for 
agriculture  and rural  development  on three  occasions  in  1997, in January,  on the conclusions  Of the 
Cork  Conference  on rural development  in Europe  (held  in November  1996); in June, on the common 
agricultural  policy,  including  rural  development  and its links  with  the cohesion  policy;  and lastly in 
September, on the Agenda  2000 proposals and more particularly  the further  reform  of the CAP started 
in  1992 and the need for a comprehensive rural policy. 

The  Committee  on  Agriculture  and Rural  Development  also  considered  various  reports  concerning 
new  entrants  to  farming  and  problems  of  succession  in  Community  agriculture  and  improving  the 
efficiency  of  agricultural  structures.  In addition,  it  issued  opinions  on the First  Report  on economic 
and  social  cohesion,  the 7th Annual  Report  on the Structural  Funds  and the use of  Structural  Fund 
resources; the opinion  recognises  that the level of utilisation  of EAGGF Guidance  Section  funds may 
be regarded as  satisfactory. 

With  regard  to fisheries,  Parliament's  Committee  on Fisheries  issued  an opinion  on three  topics, the 
use  of  FEFG  resources,  the  Union's  new  financial  framework  and  the  7th  Annual  Report  on the 
Structural  Funds.  In  its opinion  on the  first  topic,  based  on the  1995 annual  report  of  the Court of 
Auditors  and  concerning  the  underutilisation  of  Structural  Fund  appropriations,  the  Committee 
concluded  that  failures  in this  area  were  obviously  due to the fact  that  funding  was not in  line  with 
requirements rather than on inappropriate use or underutilisation  of resources. 

7.1.2.  OPINIONS  OF THE  STRUCTURAL  FUND  COMMITTEES 

The  Advisory  Committee  on the Development  and Conversion  of Regions  met five times  in  1997. It 
was consulted  on the new Objective  2 SPDs for  1997-99, on which  it issued  unanimously  favourable 
opinions.  The 7th Annual  Report  on the Structural  Funds  (1995)  and the First  Report  on  economic 
and  social  cohesion  were  presented.  The  Committee  was  also  informed  of  the  Commission's 
communication  "Towards  an urban  agenda  in the European  Union" (see section  1.3.2). A  significant 
proportion  of  the  Committee's  meetings  in  1997  focused  on  consideration  of  draft  Commission 
legislation  presented  under  SEM 2000 (see sections  1.2.4 and 4.2). The Committee  was accordingly 
consulted  on  the  draft  Commission  Decision  on  the eligibility  of  expenditure  under  the  Structural 
Funds, on which it issued a favourable  opinion in February. The draft  Regulation  establishing  detailed 
arrangements  as  regards  the financial  control  by Member  States  of  operations  part-financed  by the 
Structural  Funds  and  the draft  Internal  Commission  Guidelines  on  the  application  of  net  financial 
corrections in certain cases of irregularities were discussed on three successive occasions, in the wake 
in  particular  of  requests  for  clarification  from  the  Cornmittee  (on  time  limits  for  application, 
clarification  of terminology  and organisational  adjustments  in national  and regional  authorities). The 
Committee  issued  a  favourable  opinion  on  the draft  Regulation  at  its  last  meeting  of  the  year (29 
September  1997). 

The  ESF Committee  met  four  times  in  1997. As  provided  for  in  the Coordination  Regulation,  the 
Committee  issued  opinions  on the draft  Commission  Decisions1 on  standard  clauses  for  Objective 2 
and on the Objective  2 SPDs for  1997-99. At those meetings, the Committee also considered  recurrent 
topics  like the implementation  of measures  under  Article 6 of the ESF Regulation,  various  aspects of 
the  information  society,  the financial  situation  of the ESF, the territorial  pacts  for  employment, the 
Community  Initiatives,  the  information  and  communication  strategy  and  progress  with  evaluation. 
The Committee also considered the final report of the working group set up in  1996 on new sources of 
employment;  this provided a worthwhile contribution  to the debate on the future  of the ESF. 

A meeting on the future  of the ESF also took place in Luxembourg  in December  1997; it was devoted 
to a  large  extent  to the implementation  of Objective 4 and the presentation  of  specimen  Objective 4 
projects  and the Community  Adapt  Initiative in the presence of the promoters; a debate took place on 
the link between the ESF and cohesion. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

151 

One important discussion  on SEM 2000 focused  on the eligibility  of expenditure under the Structural 
Funds  and  the  procedures  for  financial  control  and  net  financial  corrections  (see  sections  1.2.4  and 
4.2). The Cornmission  kept the ESF Committee  informed  regularly  of  progress  in discussions  on the 
reform of the ESF. 

The Committee on Agricultural  Structures and Rural Development  (STAR  Committee) met  11 times 
in  1997  and  issued  150  favourable  opinions;  on  three counts,  consultation  yielded  no  opinion.  The 
opinions mainly related to the rules for financial controls to be conducted  by the Member States  (see 
sections  1.2.4  and 4.2),  measures  under Regulation  (EC)  No 950/97  on  improving  the  efficiency  of 
agricultural  structures, Regulation  (EEC) No 2078/92  on agricultural  production methods compatible 
with  the requirements  of  the protection  of  the  environment  and the  maintenance  of  the  countryside 
and  Regulation  (EC)  No 951/97  on  improving  the  processing  and  marketing  conditions  for 
agricultural  products. The Committee also exchanged  views  on various subjects, like additionality in 
the  context  of  Objective 5(a),  evaluation,  Agenda  2000  and  the  classification  of  agri-environmental 
payments in agricultural accounts. Lastly, on  1 October it met jointly with the Advisory Committee on 
Questions  of  Agricultural  Structure  Policy  to  learn of  the results  of  the pilot  scheme  for  sustainable 
development plans in France. 

The Standing Management Committee for Fisheries Structures met four times during the year and all 
structural  measures  relating  to  the  sector  were  referred  to  it.  It  issued  a  unanimously  favourable 
opinion on the draft Cornmission Decision on the eligibility of expenditure under the Structural Funds 
and a favourable opinion on the Commission Regulation establishing detailed arrangements as regards 
financial  control by Member States (see sections  1.2.4 and 4.2). 

The  Management  Committee  for Community  Initiatives  did  not  meet  in  1997  as the  opinion  on the 
allocation of the reserve had been issued in 1996. 

7.1.3.  DIALOGUE WITH THE  ECONOMIC AND  SOCIAL  COMMITTEE 

The Commission kept up contacts and dialogue with the Economic and Social Committee at all levels; 
all the opinions issued by the Committee were given careful consideration. 

The  Commission  consulted  the  ESC  on  two  annual  reports,  the  Cohesion  Fund  report  and  the  7th 
Annual Report on the Structural Funds, as well as the First Report from the Commission on economic 
and  social  cohesion1.  On  all  occasions,  the  Committee  stressed  the  importance  it  attached  to  the 
concentration  of aid, additionality,  the simplification  and rationalisation  of programming procedures, 
monitoring,  controls  and  assessment  of  projects  and  in  particular  the  participation  of  the  economic 
and  social  partners  in the establishment  of  priorities  for  implementing  and monitoring  projects. The 
importance the Committee attaches to the last point is shown by its own-initiative  opinion on the role 
of the economic and social partners in the Interreg and Eures programmes. 

The ESC also welcomed the Commission communication on "Cohesion and the Information Society"; 
in its remarks and recommendations,  it stressed the need to bring the Union's measures into line with 
the technological, economic and social requirements of the various regions. 

In  response  to  a  request  from  Mr  Santer,  the  ESC  adopted  a  report  on  the  territorial  pacts  for 
employment.  Its  findings  stress  how  important  it  is  for  the  pacts  to  be  incorporated  into  an overall 
strategy for employment  by applying  macroeconomic and employment  policies  on the one hand, and 
by  harnessing  the  labour  market  and  developing  employment  at  regional  and/or  local  level  on  the 
other. 

The  ESC  also  considered  urban  development  policy  and  in  particular  sustainable  development  in 
building  and  housing  in Europe.  This  sector  forms  an  integral  part of  the  modern  administration  of 

COM(96) 542 final of 6 November 1996. 

152 

9th Annual  Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

cities  and  space.  The Committee  welcomed  the  Community  measures  relating  to tourism,  which  it 
considers  important  from the economic viewpoint as well as in social and cultural terms. 

At  its plenary  session  of 20 November  1997, the ESC adopted  an opinion  on the agricultural  aspects 
of  Agenda  2000  (the report  also  deals  with  aspects  of  the  Structural  Funds  and rural  development 
policy). 

7.1.4.  DIALOGUE  WITH THE  COMMITTEE  OF THE  REGIONS 

A relatively large number of opinions adopted by the Committee of the Regions in 1997 relate directly 
or  indirectly  to structural  development  and more  broadly  to economic  and social  cohesion.  The  CoR 
organised  its  work  under  four  major  headings,  economic  and  social  cohesion,  employment,  spatial 
planning  and  Agenda  2000.  Other  work  of  the  Committee  covered  the  implementation  of  regional 
policies in Austria, Finland and Sweden, the Interreg II Initiative and the potential role of regional and 
local  authorities,  and  two  Commission  communications  on  the  contribution  of  culture  and  the 
information  society to cohesion. 

In  its opinion  of the First  Report  on economic  and social  cohesion,  the CoR favoured  consolidating 
the  Structural  Funds as an instrument  of economic  development  and advocated  greater  concentration 
of  budget  resources  under the priority  Objectives.  In the field of employment,  the Committee  shared 
the  Commission's  view  of  the  importance  of  the  Funds'  structuring  role  in job  creation  and the 
safeguarding  of  lasting  employment  and  welcomed  the  idea  that  active  policies  should  be  given 
priority over passive policies involving the payment of unemployment  benefit.  It asserted  its intention 
to contribute  fully  to the launching  of the territorial  employment  pacts  and stressed  the role  of local 
and  regional  authorities  in  their  implementation  and  the  importance  it  attached  to  a  genuine 
public/private  partnership. 

As the Member of the Commission responsible, Monika Wulf-Mathies  had a thoroughgoing  exchange 
of  views  with  the  CoR  on  the  subject  of  spatial  planning  and  urban  policy  in  June  1997. She 
emphasised  the  importance  of  the  draft  European  Spatial  Development  Perspective  (ESDP),  an 
approach  that  should  make  it  possible,  while  abiding  by  the  principle  of  subsidiarity,  to  make the 
regions  more  competitive  and to strengthen  economic  and social  cohesion.  The Committee  affirmed 
the  regional  authorities'  determination  to  utilise  interregional  cooperation  for  harmonious  regional 
development  planning and implementation  in Europe and requested to be involved in this work. 

In November  1997 Mr Santer outlined the cardinal  points of Agenda 2000 at a plenary meeting of the 
Committee.  The  other  Members  of  the  Commission  described  their  own  proposals  in  the field of 
regional  and  agricultural  policy.  The  Committee's  opinions  supported  those  structural  policy 
proposals  which  are capable  of  ensuring  that  enlargement  will  not  be  to  the detriment  of  the less-
favoured  regions of the Union as currently  constituted. 

In  the  field  of  rural  development,  the  CoR  adopted  several  opinions.  One,  on  "New  economic 
activities  and  new  services  in  rural  areas",  recommends  developing  and  improving  the  quality  of 
services,  with  special  attention  to  the  conditions  of  access  to  services  and  telecommunications 
networks  in  isolated  areas.  Another  opinion  on  "Young  farmers  and  the  problem  of  succession  in 
European  agriculture" calls for more forceful  proposals  on the prospects  for agricultural  holdings, the 
the  introduction  of  an  information  policy  (in  particular  on 
possibilities  of  diversification, 
opportunities  for  setting  up  in  farming)  and  training.  A  third  Cornmittee  opinion  on  a  policy  for 
farming 
that  the  agricultural,  structural,  regional,  forestry, 
environment  and other policies take account of the special  features  and natural handicaps of mountain 
areas so they can be preserved for the benefit  of the population  as a whole. 

in  mountain  areas  recommends 

In  addition,  at  the  time  of  drafting  of  the  various  opinions,  in  particular  on  the  First  Report  on 
economic  and social  cohesion  and "Agenda  2000" and the policies  proposed  for  1999 onwards, the 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

153 

Committee of the Regions was also asked to express its views on the proposals relating to the reform 
of the CAP and rural policy. 

At its  meeting  of  16 January,  the Member  of  the Commission  responsible  for  agriculture  and rural 
development briefed the CoR on the conclusions of the Conference on rural development held in Cork 
in November 1996. 

The Committee of the Regions adopted an opinion on "The common fisheries policy: safeguarding of 
fisheries-dependent  regions", the aim being to clarify  the main points  in  the first opinion  issued in 
1996 on the regional consequences of the CFP and to stress once more the need to develop a genuine 
partnership between the fishing industry, the Member States and the Commission. 

7.2.  DIALOGUE WITH THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PARTNERS 

Partnership in the implementation of the Structural Funds 

Following  on  from  activities  in  1996 and  the  findings  of  the First  Report  on  economic  and  social 
cohesion,  the  Commission's  activities  in  the  field  of  partnership  followed  three  avenues,  giving 
further  consideration  to  improving  and extending  partnership, promoting  new  forms  of  partnership 
and stepping up certain partners' capacity to participate. 

Alongside  its consideration  of and proposals for  future  regulations on the Structural  Funds, in 1997 
the Commission  commenced  a thematic evaluation  of partnership  (see  section  3.2). Experience had 
revealed the variety of forms and organisation of partnership in the Member States, so the objective of 
the  evaluation  was  to  analyse  the  problems  determining  the  effectiveness  of  partnership  and 
developments  therein.  The  evaluation  will  survey  the  repercussions  of  the  administrative  and 
organisational  structure on regional development, analyse the types and structures of partnership and 
the way it works in the Member States, gauge its impact on the implementation  of schemes and list 
good practices. 

The promotion  of new forms  of partnership took shape in  1997 with the launching of the territorial 
pacts for employment  (see section  1.2.3) and the implementation  of a pilot project  for the long-term 
unemployed. 

Started by Parliament in 1995, the experimental scheme involving pilot measures for the benefit of the 
long-term unemployed  (budget heading B2-605) was wound up in December  1997. With funding of 
ECU 15  million  not  stemming  from  the  Structural  Funds  budget  proper,  the  scheme  sought  to 
"evaluate  the  impact  of  measures  for  the exploitation  of  opportunities  provided  by new  sources of 
employment  for  the  long-term  unemployed"  (OJ  C  199,  3.8.1995,  p.  28).  It  constitutes  the 
Commission's first attempt to investigate new sources of employment. In total  16 pilot measures were 
implemented  in  all  the  Member  States  except  Luxembourg.  The  scheme's  "experimental"  nature 
called  for  a major  effort  in terms of innovation  on the part of the public authorities  and the private 
actors in charge of the pilot measures. 

The results have been very positive: leaving aside the results in terms of activities and jobs created, 
which  were  slight  when  set  against  the  original  conditions  laid  down  (innovative  objectives,  less-
favoured regions and groups), the lessons drawn have been very tangible: 

1.  New service activities have worthwhile potential  in terms of creating jobs. The cases of Hérault 
(F), Merseyside (UK), West Ireland and Cadiz (E) show that jobs can be created at a competitive 
cost where the authorities rely on a network of well-established  actors at local level, in particular 
in the cooperative, mutual and non-profit sector. 

2.  Strategies  directed  towards  self-employment  have  often  been  given  priority;  this  calls  for 

sustainable structures to provide back-up for project sponsors. 

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9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

3.  By  targeting  a public  who is particularly  distant  from  the  "conventional"  labour  market,  the jobs 
created  tend  to be devalued  by the priority  accorded  to integration  into work  over the creation  of 
new activities. 

This pilot scheme will be the subject  of a separate report to the budget  authority. 

Dialogue with the economic and social partners at Community  level 

The  social  partners  are  consulted  each  year  at  Community  level  in  accordance  with  Article  31(2) of 
the  Coordination  Regulation.  This  enables  the  economic  partners  to  be  consulted  on  the 
implementation  of  the Funds  and  means  the  Commission  can  present  the  main  developments  in  the 
past  year.  The  January  1998  consultation  relating  to  activities  in  1997  mainly  concerned  the 
8th Annual  Report  on  the  Structural  Funds  (1996),  the  implementation  of  the  territorial  pacts  for 
employment,  the new  Objective 2 programmes  for  1997-99  and  the  future  of  the  Structural  Funds  in 
the context of Agenda 2000. 

The  partners'  remarks  on  the  8th  Annual  Report  (1996)  highlighted  the  time  limits  for  payment  to 
final  beneficiaries  in  the  Member  States  and  the  difficulties  certain  Member  States  and  regions 
experienced  in  mobilising  the  national  contribution  to  funding,  red  tape  and  the  importance  of 
evaluation  for  the economic  and  social  partners,  since  it gave  them the  opportunity  to comment  with 
full  knowledge of the facts. 

As  regards  the  new  Objective  2  programmes,  opinions  were  divided  concerning  the  priority  to  be 
given  to  employment:  some  partners  felt  that  assistance  should  be  concentrated  on  aid  which  is 
adapted  to  enterprises;  others  stressed  that  the  measures  should  focus  on  jobs  in  order  to  achieve 
quantifiable  results.  But  all  the  partners  emphasised  the  importance  of  creating  sustainable, 
innovative, quality jobs. 

The  launching  of  the  territorial  pacts  for  employment  aroused  keen  interest  on  the  part  of  the 
economic  and  social  partners.  In the  face  of  these  expectations,  the  latter  reported  a great  variety  of 
experiments  involving  new  forms  of  partnership.  As  regards  employment,  the  partners  emphasised 
that  however  positive  such  experiments  were,  they  did  not  provide  an  alternative  to  the  economic 
policies of the Community  and the Member States. 

The  Commission's  presentation  of  the  future  of  the  Structural  Funds  in  the  context  of  Agenda  2000 
received a generally favourable  reaction. 

The Commission's  objective  in simplifying  and clarifying  the system for  implementing  the  Structural 
Funds  and  increasing  their  effectiveness  was  also  appreciated  by  the  partners.  Likewise,  they 
encouraged  the  Cornmission  to continue, according  to its  stated  intention,  to  strengthen  the  principle 
of  partnership  by  making  it more binding, ensuring  the economic  and  social  partners  took part  when 
decisions  were  made  on  programmes  and  helping  the  partners  by  providing  technical  assistance  and 
access  to  evaluation.  For  their  part,  the  partners  expressed  differing  opinions  on  the  priorities  for 
measures,  with  some  advocating  giving  a higher  profile  to the priority  for  employment,  in  particular 
by stepping up measures in favour  of human resources, and others taking the view that priority  should 
be  given  to  developing  competitiveness  as  a  prerequisite  for  developing  employment,  while  the 
majority  emphasised  the need to invest in research and development  and innovation. 

As  regards  enhancing  the  capacity  of  the  various  partners  to  participate,  the  technical  assistance 
granted  to  the  European  Trade  Union  Confederation  under  Article  7  of  the  ERDF  started  to  be 
implemented  in  1996.  Action  to  strengthen  the  trade  unions'  technical  capacity  to  take  part  in  the 
monitoring  of  structural  measures  involved  organising  a  series  of  seminars  in  regions  eligible  under 
Objectives  1 and  2  and  another  series  on  particular  topics  and  establishing  a  network  of  regional 
development experts. 

9* Annual  Report of the Structural Funds  (1997) 

^ 

155 

In the rural development  field,  the Advisory  Committee on Questions of Agricultural  Structure  Policy 
met on three occasions, in April, July and October  1997. The Committee  was briefed  on the results of 
the  Conference  on  rural  development  held  in  Cork  (Ireland)  in  November  1996  and  on  the 
Commission's  Agenda  2000 proposals  regarding  the  Structural  Funds  and  the  CAP. The  Committee 
also  discussed  the  First  Report  on  economic  and  social  cohesion  adopted  in  November  1996,  the 
application of the socio-structural  measures, employment  in agriculture and multiple activities. 

The  Advisory  Cornmittee  met  jointly  with  the  Committee  on  Agricultural  Structures  and  Rural 
Development  (STAR  Committee)  on  1  October  for  the presentation  of a pilot project,  financed  under 
Article  8  of  the  EAGGF  Guidance  Section  Regulation,  concerning  the  plan  for  sustainable 
development,  an  innovative  experiment  to  develop  a  dynamic,  environment-friendly  agricultural 
sector which also takes social concerns on board. 

The Committee's  Working  Group on Women  met  for  the first time on  3 April  to tackle  the  problems 
of  female  farmers,  with  stress  on  the  precarious  status  of  women  working  in  the  rural  environment, 
the  4th  programme  for  equal  opportunities  (1996-2000),  the  role  of  the  Structural  Funds  and  the 
application  of the principle of equal opportunity  in Community  schemes, and possibilities of access to 
means of communication  for  women. 

In  the  fisheries  sector,  the  Advisory  Committee  on  Fisheries  is  the  official  body  responsible  for 
dialogue  with  the  industry.  In  1997,  it  received  information  and  explanations  concerning  Agenda 
2000,  the  negotiation  procedures  for  the  multiannual  guidance  programme  (MGP  IV)  and  the  link 
with the targets of MGP HI. 

7.3. 

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION, EXCHANGE OF EXPERIENCE 

Information  and communication  activities concerning the ERDF fall  into several categories: 

-  Activities  of  the  Member  States:  The  Commission  continued  gathering  information  on 
information  and  publicity  measures  carried  out  by  the  Member  States2.  This  inventory 
should be completed  in  1998, followed  by a seminar involving an exchange of experience, at 
which the information  activities for 2000-06 will be presented; 

Activities  of the Commission: The Commission  brought  out a large number  of  publications, 
organised  a  major  conference  on  economic  and  social  cohesion,  and  part-financed 
participation  in many events, the organisation  of seminars and other one-off  measures. 

The  provision  of  information  was  also  developed  through  new  technologies.  The  establishment  of  a 
new  Internet  site (inforegio.org)  represents  an important  innovation  in the field of  information  on the 
ERDF and the Cohesion  Fund. 

Lastly,  following  the First  Report  on  economic  and  social  cohesion  published  by the  Commission  at 
the end of  1996, a forum  was organised  on cohesion  in Brussels in April  1997 (see section  1.1.1). 

Implementation  of the policy  for information  and communication  on the ESF continued  in  1997. 
New publications were: 

• 

"Employment  and  industrial  change",  a  booklet  setting  out  examples  of  projects  in  the  Member 
States  under  Objective  4;  in  1998,  four  publications  of  the  same  sort  will  come  out  on 
Objective 3; 

2  As  specified  in  Article  32  of  Regulation  (EC)  No  4253/88  and  the  corresponding  decision  taken  by  the 

Commission on 31 May 1994. 

156 

• 

"Territorial  employment  pacts:  Examples  of  good  practice",  a  booklet  giving  examples  of 
employment pacts part-financed  by the Structural Funds; 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

• 

three issues of the information magazine "ESF InfoReview". 

Events  included  the  preparation  of  a portable  display  explaining  pilot  projects  on  the  information 
society (RISI) and participation  in or organisation of several events under the ESF on the integration 
of  young  people  into  working  life  (Stockholm,  S),  the  vocational  integration  of  the  handicapped 
(Luxembourg), pathways  to integration  (Brugge, B), the Employment-Integra  Community  Initiative 
(Barcelona, E)  and  women  starting  their own businesses  (Brussels,  B). In addition,  a large part of 
1997  was  devoted  to  the  organisation  of  the first Community  convention  on  the  European  Social 
Fund, which was held on 26, 27 and 28 May 1998. 

In  the  second  half  of  the year,  the  stress  was put  on  awareness  measures  targeting  the  media and 
involving  a  list  of  "ESF media" (print  media,  radio  and  television  stations)  and  one-off  measures 
connected with events. 

As regards the exchange of know-how between Member States, two meetings of those responsible at 
national  level  for  information  on the ESF took place  in May and November  1997. Those attending 
stressed  how valuable such meetings were as a venue for direct contact between the Member States 
and the Commission and exchanges of experience on successful  information  measures. The network 
thus created was kept up to date regularly through a bulletin  of "information  on information", which 
came out three times in 1997. Two meetings of this informal network are scheduled for 1998. 

The Cornmission stepped up its work in the field of rural development policy by devising a strategy 
to to publicise its operations. To that end, it called  on a service company, which is to start  work in 
1998.  Hitherto,  vital  information  has  been  circulated  through  the  European  rural  development 
network.  The  Commission  gave  the  task  of  organising  the  latter  to  the  European  Association  for 
Information  on Local Development. Publications are an important part of its tasks,. The Association 
publishes "Info Evader" (a bulletin of the network coming out ten times a year in seven languages), 
"Leader Magazine" (three issues  in  1997,  publicising  the results  of I_eader and  covering the main 
debates  on  rural  development  in  Europe);  and  "Innovative  Directories"  (methodology  guides  and 
other technical  dossiers). In  1997, titles published  were  'The  collective  organisation  of a sector for 
the local valorisation of agricultural resources: the example of cheese processing"; "Organising local 
partnerships";  "Innovation  and  rural  development",  'Transnational  cooperation",  plus  a  map  of 
Leader areas for  the European Leader seminar organised  by the Association  in conjunction  with the 
Commission  on  9,  10 and  11 November  1997. Most  of  the  information  is  also  available  on  the 
Commission's Internet site, linked to the site "Rural Europe", which is in six languages and permits 
exchanges between rural actors and participation in forums. 

In the fisheries sector, several schemes targeted the industry and the general public. These included 
the following: 

•  With FTFG technical assistance, a major information  campaign on fish, targeting consumers in all 
countries of the Union. The campaign sought in particular to promote inexpensive species which 
are  not  overfished  and have  a high nutritional  value. The  campaign  included  special  measures 
aimed at young people, who are not large consumers of  fish. 

An  (annual)  conference  on  a particular  topic,  this  time  covering  the  processing  of  fishery  and 
aquaculture products. The conference  was attended by approximately 350 people from the trade; 
the first lessons drawn from this extensive survey of the sector concerned  the preservation of an 
environment favourable to the development of processing of fishery  and aquaculture products and 
competitiveness in an international context in constant flux. 

9th Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

137~  ^  S  V 

•  En connection with the transnational measures under the Pesca Community Initiative: 

- 

- 

a monthly  information  bulletin entitled "Pesca Info" distributed to 5 000 subscribers; to date 
12 issues have been published in all the Community languages; 

three  interregional  meetings  -  one  in  Spain  (Palma  de  Mallorca)  on  disseminating  and 
exploiting  the  results  of  fisheries  research  in the  Mediterranean,  one  in France  (Lorient) on 
the processing  of fish, and one  in Italy  (Sciacca)  on the restructuring  of  fishing  fleets  in the 
Mediterranean. 

•  Lastly,  the  commitment  in  1997  of  ECU 400 000  as  the  FEFG  contribution  to  the  European 
Union's pavilion at Expo '98 in Lisbon on the theme "The oceans, a heritage for the future". This 
is  an international  exhibition  for the general  public.  Around  one  million  people  are  expected  to 
visit the pavilion. 

5^. R O 

ANNE-CES 

Annex  1:  Financial implementation  1994-97 by Objective 

Annex 2:  Financial implementation  1994-97 of the Community Initiatives 

Annex 3:  Financial implementation  1994-97 of transitional and innovative measures 

Annex 4:  Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 

Annex 5:  Major projects  1994-97 

Annex 6: 

Implementation  of  appropriations 
decommitments and carryovers) 

in  1997  by  budget  heading  (not 

including 

Annex 7:  Programme implementation by Member State (Objectives and Community Initiatives) for 

1997 under the 1994-99 programme 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective' 
OBJECTIVE  1 - CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

22,00 

0,37 

B 

D 

EL 

E 

F 

IRL 

1 

NL 

A 

P 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

%'(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments'1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

%  (2)/ri) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
%  (2y(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 

81,68 
223,86 
54,01 
167,76 
75% 
1.417,07 
4.159,39 
967,13 
3.207,59 
77% 
1.707,07 
6.015,63 
1.091,15 
4.182,03 
70% 

2.703,90 
10.827,81 
2.670,00 
8.051,87 
74% 
97,18 
466,69 
,  157,62 
378,94 
•  8 1% 
110,59 
1.451,05 
396,76 
1.301,30 
90% 
1.974,28 
5.632,63 
823,93 
3.555,64 
63% 
10,40 
34,70 
11,09 
30,53 
88% 

39,42 
59,38 
18,87 
34,84 
59% 

1.622,21 
6.380,86 
1.547,16 
5.277,54 
83% 

306,10 
854,55 
175,07 
621,95 
73% 
10.069,90 
36.106,55 
7.912,80 
26.809,99 
74% 

38,30 
103,45 
42,02 
90,05 
87% 
638,65 
2.414,63 
796,88 
2.108,07 
87% 
291,96 
1.093,40 
261,40 
793,36 
73% 
1.037,97 
3.864,39 
845,26 
3.242,37 
84% 
31,33 
299,60 
53,85 
262,44 
88% 
326,74 
1.267,25 
338,70 
1.184,47 
93% 
1.141,36 
1.775,18 
414,75 
737,36 
42% 
0,47 
8,67 
3,61 
8,67 
100% 

5,23 
10,27 
4,82 
8,85 
86% 
408,05 
1.941,44 
364,71 
1.539,61 
79% 
138,69 
460,27 
92,75 
351,59 
76% 
4.058,77 
13.238,55 
3.218,75 
10.326,83 
78% 

9,58 
44% 
457,46 
1.825,71 
413,43 
1.399,51 
77% 
339,05 
1.354,17 
307,79 
1.098,81 
81% 
777,41 
2.296,55 
484,59 
1.733,64 
75% 
41,45 
191,98 
70,20 
167,69 
87% 
272,42 
865,05 
144,21 
679,90 
79% 
396,27 
1.101,06 
330,85 
722,91 
66% 
4,72 
11,42 
4,12 
9,51 
83% 
5,35 
14,11 
5,04 
12,05 
85%, 
283,11 
1.436,28 
313,18 
1.048,30 
73% 

151,15 
24,48 
125,81 
83% 
2.577,23 
9.269,47 
2.097,90 
7.007,70 
76% 

0,19 
50% 
1,09 
47,59 
12,73 
39,47 

83% 
29,72 
66,82 
31,74 
55,63 
83% 

183,06 
645,84 
193,69 
532,38 
82% 

3,35 
9,66 
1,69 
5,15 

53% 
11,84 
29,25 
12,78 
26,71 
9 1% 
31,41 
97,95 
21,75 
56,97 

58% 
0,08 
2,88 
0,85 
2,43 
84% 

-

119,99 
349,68 
96,03 
267,57 
77% 
2.514,27 
8.447,32 
2.190,17 
6.754,64 
80% 

2.367,79 
8.530,02 
1.692,08 
6.129,82 
72% 

4.702,34 
17.634,60 
4.193,54 
13.560,26 
77% 
173,31 
967,92 
283,36 
814,22 
84% 
721,59 
3.612,59 
892,44 
3.192,37 
88% 
3.543,32 
8.606,82 
1.591,29 
5.072,88 
59% 

15,68 
57,68 
19,68 
51,15 
89% 
50,00 
83,76 
28,73 
55,74 
67% 

39,84 
112,00 
28,77 
86,99 
78% 
7,82 
24,86 
9,05 
17,87 
72% 
308,22 
1.037,21 
313,06 
823,80 
79% 

2.353,21 
9.870,57 
2.253,82 
7.952,44 
8 1% 
452,62 
1.490,82 
301,36 
1.117,22 
75% 
17.014,11 
59.651,78 
13.542,51 
44.968.31 
75% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1000, B2-1100, B2-

appropriations made available again 
1200, B2-1300, programming period 1994-99 

161 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective1 
OBJECTIVE  2 - CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU  million 
Total 

B 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1)' 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997. 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/{1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 

74,01 
184,63 
88,17 
122,59 
66% 
23,23 
67,77 
30,81 
50,68 
75% 
250,66 
733,55 
275,18 
506,01 
69% 
254,15 
1.044,57 
231,96 
674,20 
65% 
621,36 
1.960,81 
748,14 
1.419,95 
72% 
332,42 
748,83 
247,66 
436,64 
58% 
8,01 
12,57 
4,00 
7,02 
56% 
94,03 
238,00 
103,84 
158,32 
67% 
7,76 
54,30 
17,44 
38,71 
7 1% 
40,77 
86,89 
32,60 
59,23 
68% 

83,22 
25,50 
52,28 
63% 
490,70 
2.016,25 
760,96 
1.471,99 
73% 
2.197,10 
7.231,40 
2.566,26 
4.997,62 
69% 

11,42 
41,40 
14,19 
29,79 
72% 

9,85 
18,38 
8,94 
12,73 
69% 
140,29 
323,32 
105,31 
214,16 
66% 
-27,04 
218,93 
2,78 
167,75 
77% 
138,79 
359,50 
101,69 
265,34 
74% 
89,87 
187,42 
32,03 
88,11 
47% 
1,63 
3,09 
0,91 
2,18 
70% 
63,45 
123,64 
42,35 
79,67 
64% 
3,84 
22,86 
6,73 
18,47 
8 1% 
16,09 
22,39 
10,87 
14,02 
63% 

22,56 

11,28 
50% 
153,06 
688,18 
160,40 
539,71 
78% 
601,26 
2.031,66 
486,22 
1.443,21 
7 1% 

Including decommitments, carryovers  and appropriations  made available  again 
* Budget headings  B2-1201, B2-1301, programming period  1994-99 

162 

85,42 
226,03 
102,37 
152,37 
67% 
33,08 
86,15 
39,75 
63,41 
74% 

390,95 
1.056,87 
380,49 
720,17 
68% 
227,12 
1.263,51 
234,74 
841,95 
67% 

760,15 
2.320,31 
849,83 
1.685,29 
73% 
422,28 
936,26 
279,70 
524,75 
56% 
9,64 
15,66 
4,92 
9,20 
59% 
157,48 
361,63 
146,19 
237,99 
66% 
11,61 
77,15 
24,17 
57,19 
74% 

56,87 
109,28 
43,47 
73,25 
67% 

105,78 
25,50 
63,56 
60% 
643,76 
2.704,43 
921,36 
2.011,70 
74% 
2.798,35 
9.263,06 
3.052,48 
6.440,83 
70% 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE  3 - CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

B 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 

Commitments  1994-97(1) 

Payments  1997 

Payments  1994-97(2) 

%  (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 

69,96 
262,52 

61,61 
218,04 
83% 
42,22 
169,22 
39,60 
154,79 

9 1% 
128,68 
949,08 
295,79 
817,56 
86% 

251,42 
917,93 
208,35 
725,01 
79% 

221,02 
1.421,01 
274,77 
1.181,33 
83% 
472,23 
822,57 
160,96 
363,64 

44% 
3,31 
13,17 
3,73 
12,68 
96% 
159,41 
593,91 
141,99 
519,92 
88% 

135,60 
265,35 
95,39 
199,19 
75% 
71,90 
167,22 
53,03 
104,29 
62% 
92,58 
165,58 
68,55 
105,05 
63% 
551,23 
2.603,03 
288,56 
1.688,82 
65% 
2.199.57 
8.350,60 
1.692,32 
6.090,30 
73% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations 
* Budget heading B2-1302. programming  period  1994-99 

made available again 

163 

69,96 
262,52 
61,61 
218,04 
83% 
42,22 
169,22 
39,60 
154,79 
91% 

128,68 
949,08 
295,79 
817,56 
86% 
251,42 
917,93 
208,35 
725,01 
79% 

221,02 
1.421,01 
274,77 
1.181,33 
83% 
472,23 
822,57 
160,96 
363,64 
44% 

3,31 
13,17 
3,73 
12,68 
96% 
159,41 
593,91 
141,99 
519,92 
88% 

135,60 
265,35 
95,39 
199,19 
75% 
71,90 
167,22 
53,03 
104,29 
62% 
92,58 
165,58 
68,55 
105,05 
63% 
551,23 
2.603,03 
288,56 
1.688,82 
65% 
2.199,57 
8.350,60 
1.692,32 
6.090,30 
73% 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE  4 - CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

B 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 

18,94 
35,32 
9,43 
17,66 
50% 
7,43 
20,43 
4,99 
15,66 
77% 
33,56 
89,78 
33,09 
56,59 
63% 
47,04 
214,69 
81,26 
157,11 
73% 
98,02 
285,09 
83,14 
180,45 
63% 
164,37 
263,27 
85,67 

135,12 
5 1% 

O.SO 

0,59 
66% 
64,72 
86,95 
52,07 
63,19 
73% 

20,91 
32,61 
10,49 
19,85 

6 1% 
21,92 
45,52 
15,09 
28,00 
62% 

37,50 

18,75 
50% 
476,92 
1.112,05 
375,23 
692,99 
62% 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

. 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

18,94 
35,32 

9,43 
17,66 
50% 
7,43 
20,43 
4,99 
15,66 

77% 
33,56 
89,78 
33,09 
56,59 
63% 

47,04 
214,69 

81,26 
157,11 
73% 
98,02 
285,09 
83,14 
180,45 
63% 
164,37 
263,27 
85,67 
135,12 
5 1% 

0,90 

0,59 
66% 
64,72 
86,95 
52,07 
63,19 
73% 

20,91 
32,61 
10,49 
19,85 
6 1% 
21,92 
45,52 
15,09 
28,00 
62% 

37,50 

18,75 
50% 
476,92 
1.112,05 
375,23 
692,99 
62% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Budget heading B2-1303, programming period 1994-99 

164 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective" 
OBJECTIVE  5(a) agriculture - CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

B 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  <2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2V(1) 

25,60 
105,43 
20,89 
79,99 
76% 
17,02 
77,77 
20,58 
61,84 
80% 

168,23 
682,79 
146,05 
533,21 
78% 

72,53 
174,94 
67,79 
152,34 
87% 
385,02 
1.124,41 
368,11 
817,97 
73% 
122,95 
372,11 
139,66 
239,46 
64% 

16,53 
4,60 
15,18 
92% 
5,02 
39,34 
2,35 
20,98 
53% 
70,10 
207,55 
81,23 
189,11 
9 1% 
67,14 
181,88 
109,35 
166,65 

92% 
13,82 
54,04 
14,00 
48,73 
90% 

26,16 
126,56 
21,44 
97,18 
77% 
973,59 
3.163,35 
996,04 
2.422,64 
77%. 

25,60 
105,43 
20,89 
79,99 
76% 

17,02 
77,77 
20,58 
61,84 
80% 

168,23 
682,79 
146,05 
533,21 
78% 
72,53 
174,94 
67,79 
152,34 
87% 
385,02 
1.124,41 
368,11 
817,97 
73% 
122,95 
372,11 
139,66 
239,46 
64% 

16,53 
4,60 
1.5,18 
92% 

5,02 
39,34 
2,35 
20,98 
53% 
70,10 
207,55 
81,23 
189,11 
9 1% 
67,14 
181,88 
109,35 
166,65 
92% 
13,82 
54,04 
14,00 
48,73 
90% 

26,16 
126,56 
21,44 
97,18 
77% 
973,59 
3.163,35 
996,04 
2.422,64 
77% 

Including decommitments, carryovers  and appropriations  made available  again 
* Budget headings  B2-1001, B2-1002, programming period  1994-99 

165 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE  5(a) fisheries - CSF 

B 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2M(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97  (2) 
%<2)/(1) 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

24,50 

24,50 

19,83 
81% 

69,87 
27,94 
58,23 
83% 

0,12 
37,76 
8,85 
28,87 
76% 
22,28 
82,00 
23,16 
65,86 
80% 

31,61 
94,88 
25,29 
66,42 
70% 
2,75 
47,52 
2,47 
25,60 
54% 

19,83 
8 1% 

69,87 
27,94 
58,23 
83% 
0,12 
37,76 
8,85 
28,87 
76% 
22,28 
82,00 
23,16 
65,86 
80% 

31,61 
94,88 
25,29 
66,42 
70% 

2,75 
47,52 
2,47 
25,60 
54% 

1,10 

1.10 

0,11 
10% 

0,11 
10% 

15,52 

15,52 

12,66 
82% 

12,66 
82% 

2,00 

2,00 

1,00 
50% 

23,00 
11,50 
18,40 
80% 
0,21 
40,21 
20,00 
32,00 
80% 

44,33 
20,39 
40,49 
9 1% 
56,97 
482,69 
139,60 
369,47 
77% 

1,00 
50% 

23,00 
11,50 
18,40 
80% 
0,21 
40,21 
20,00 
32,00 
80% 

44,33 
20,39 
40,49 
9 1% 
56,97 
482,69 
139,60 
369,47 
77% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations  made available again 
* Budget heading B2-1101 except for measures under Article 4 of the FIFG  Regulation, programming 

period  1994-99 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
Objectif5(b)-CSF 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

B 

Commitments  1997 

DK 

D 

E 

F 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

FIN 

S 

UK 

TOTAL 

Commitments 1994-97 (1) 

Payments  1997 

Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2y(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments 1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2V(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 

%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 

%(2V(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

%(2)/(1) 

6,84 
11,67 
4,28 
6,69 
57% 

9,25 
15,18 
9,75 
13,49 
89% 

113,30 
284,99 
51,25 
190,77 
67% 
24,96 
106,94 
26,22 
95,43 
89%. 
234,59 
518,86 
179,70 
381,15 
73% 
62,89 
106,75 
34,24 
56,17 
53% 
0,55 
0,98 
0,47 
0,69 
70% 
16,86 
32,97 

9,38 
21,81 
66% 
34,43 
76,10 
32,31 
60,15 
79% 
18,96 
50,15 
15,10 
27,35 
55% 

1,48 
5,74 
0,90 
3,74 
65% 
1,42 
2,70 
0,95 
1,73 
64% 

64,70 
107,55 
50,56 
77,46 
72% 
12,81 
35,38 
9,48 
22,93 
65% 
38,00 
131,12 
36,39 
109,09 
83% 
21,63 
36,40 
9,62 
17,07 
47% 
0,13 
0,24 
0,18 
0,24 
100% 
0,45 
2,91 
0,64 
2,13 
73% 
7,10 
34,63 
4.80 
24,61 

7 1% 
7,26 
13,56 
4,46 
7,13 
53% 

0,54 
7,49 
1,54 
4,34 
58% 

6,30 
4,00 
5,29 
84% 

91,80 
326,72 

82,52 
262,86 
80% 
53,54 
263,38 
52,61 
212,80 
75% 
188,48 
520,17 
146,00 
380,00 
73% 
37,53 
119,48 
29,21 
63,19 
53% 
1,03 
1,33 
0,85 
1,00 
75% 
3,82 
26,40 
9,26 
20,59 
78% 
8,16 
68,92 
21,55 
52,40 
76% 
10,64 
22,24 
11,18 
19,87 
89% 

4,61 
38,70 
17,37 
29,08 
75% 
131,33 
261,86 
87,24 
178,07 
68% 
658,57 
1.505,15 
467,31 
1.060,86 
70% 

12,83 

17,99 

4,59 
36% 
13,37 
67,60 
13,86 
52,28 
77% 
168,35 
450,66 
131,85 
323,00 
72% 

6,34 
35% 
•  9,65 
28,51 
8,88 
20,52 
72% 
405,19 
1.428,93 
367,62 
1.049,20 
73% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1003, B2-1202, B2 

appropriations made available again 
1304, programming period 1994-99 

167 

8,87 
24,90 
6,72 
14,77 
59% 
10,67 
24,18 
14,71 
20,51 
85% 

269,81 
719,26 
184,32 
531,10 
74% 
91,31 
425,70 
88,31 
331,15 
78% 
461,06 
1.170,15 
362,10 
870,24 
74% 
122,04 
262,63 
73,08 
136,43 
52% 
1,70 
2,55 
1,50 
1,92 
76% 
21,12 
62,28 
19,28 
44,54 
72% 
49,70 
179,65 
58,66 
137,16 
76% 
36,86 
85,94 
30,74 
54,35 
63% 
4,61 
69,52 
17,37 
40,01 
58% 
154,34 
357,97 
109,98 
250,87 
70% 

1.232,11 
3.384,74 
966,78 
2.433,06 
72% 

Annex 1: Financial implementation 1994-97 by Objective* 
OBJECTIVE  6 - CSF 

FIN 

S 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

33,20 
86,10 
28,88 
46,80 
54% 

22,93 
44,79 
24,90 
35,83 
80% 
56,13 
130,89 
53,78 
82,63 
63% 

28,82 
63,40 
20,52 
38,83 

6 1% 

11,39 

5,70 
50% 
28,82 
74,79 
20,52 
44,52 
60% 

51,30 
121,30 
30,92 
76,96 
63% 

22,41 
3,44 
17,93 
80% 
51,30 
143,71 
34,36 
94,88 
66% 

0,80 
1,50 
0,78 
1,13 

75% 

0,77 
1,50 
0,22 
0,58 
39% 
1,57 
3,00 
1,00 
1,72 
57% 

114,12 
272,30 
81,09 
163,71 
60% 
23,70 
80,09 
28,56 
60,04 

75% 
137,82 
352,39 
109,65 
223,75 
63% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and 
* Budget headings B2-1004, B2-1102, B2-

appropriations  made available again 
1203, B2-1305, programming period 1994-99 

168 

Annex 2: Financial implementation 1994-97* of the Community Initiatives** 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

Adapt 

Employment 

Leader 

Pesca 

SMEs 

Rechar 

Regis 

Konver 

Résider 

Retex 

Urban 

Interreg/Peacc 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%(2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%(2)/(1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
% (2)/(D 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
%  (2)/{1) 
Commitments 1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments 1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 
%  (2)/(1) 

10,04 

5,02 
50% 
0,04 
9,63 
0,51 
5,10 
53% 
81,92 
408,67 
56,62 
170,28 
42% 
3,28 
88,88 
28,60 
33,10 
37% 
122,89 
479,86 
120,15 
264,29 

55% 
89,07 
342,35 
55,32 
172,96 
51% 
77,37 
264,46 
47,87 
193,02 
73% 
175,10 
493,57 
58,73 
214,76 
44% 
94,98 
376,04 
52,67 
196,04 

52% 
84,03 
389,62 
55,73 
192,06 
49% 
88,89 
409,96 
61,70 
205,00 
50% 
409,58 
1.699,90 
361,62 
1.005,64 
59% 
1.227,15 

4.972,99 
899,53 
2.657,28 
53% 

' 

65,42 
384,68 
43,87 
168,28 
44% 

3,63 
96,10 
1,16 
31,12 
32% 

4,60 
21,60 
1,11 
8,13 
38% 

0,80 

0,30 
38% 

125,43 
645,48 
147,93 
382,50 
59% 
281,23 
843,65 
246,14 
566,13 
67% 

10,51 
84,91 
3,62 
31,86 
38% 
13,65 
23,55 
4,15 
7,48 
32% 
10,45 

38,92 
3,49 
15,78 
41% 
24,26 
63,43 
20,13 
39,71 
63% 
8,69 
20,57 
6,81 
11,91 
58% 
16,33 
69,08 
9,96 
36,34 
53% 
10,12 
40,53 
9,43 
23,96 
59% 
1,74 
15,71 
1,06 
8,05 
51% 

29,21 
80,51 
13,94 
36,89 
46% 

66,45 
155,00 
50,26 
89,36 
58% 
598,08 
2.081,34 

516,95 
1.249,95 
60% 

30,59 
84,03 
26,55 
49,77 
59% 
100,60 
490,32 
71,53 
226,18 
46% 

0,53 
1,12 
0,26 
0,56 
50% 

4,16 
98,02 

1,42 
31,99 
33% 

125,43 
655,52 
147,93 
387,52 

59% 
281,27 
853,28 
246,65 
571,23 
67% 

157,85 
878,27 
104,11 
370,43 
42% 

20,56 
208,52 
33,91 
71,71 
34% 
133,34 
518,78 
123,65 
280,07 
54% 

113,33 
405,78 
75,44 
212,67 
52% 
90,65 
307,43 
55,79 
213,37 
69% 
191,43 
562,65 
68,69 
251,10 
45% 
105,10 
416,57 
62,11 
220,00 
53% 
85,78 
405,33 
56,79 
200,11 
49% 
118,10 
490,47 
75,64 
241,88 
49% 
507,15 
1.940,05 
438,71 
1.145,32 
59% 
1.929,98 
7.642,66 
1.489,42 
4.165,40 
55% 

Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations made available again 
* Programming period 1994-99 
"  Budget headings B2-1400, B2-1410, B2-1412, B2-1420, B2-1421, B2-1422, B2-1423, B2-1424, B2-1430, 

B2-1431, B2-1432, B2-1433, B2-1440, B2-1450, B2-1460, 82-1470 

169 

Annex 3: Financial implementation 1994-97* of transitional and innovative 
measures** 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

B 

DK 

D 

EL 

E 

F 

IRL 

1 

L 

NL 

A 

P 

FIN 

S 

UK 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97(1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97(2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97  (2) 

2,79 
2,79 
1,65 
8,30 

2,66 
2,86 
1,16 
4,46 
9,63 
12,22 
7,19 
37,33 
7,38 
9,49 
3,41 
11,00 
13,13 
70,37 
5,16 
55,61 
11,46 
11,51 
4,91 
37,70 
5,18 
26,56 
3,42 
25,95 
10,04 
11,24 
10,52 
43,66 

• 

3,95 
3,95 
1,71 
12,35 
2,24 
2,49 
0,96 
0,96 
3,31 
62,07 
2,39 
64,55 
3,10 
3,35 
1,34 
1,34 
2,38 
2,63 
1.15 
1,15 

6,44 
9,95 
5,57 
12,10 

.17,35 
89,86 
19,90 
90,32 
3,05 
9,35 
1,66 
5,77 
3,01 
14,51 
2,40 
10,66 
0,80 
30,94 

0,81 
19,58 
4,47 
10,85 

1,81 
14,16 
11,05 
17,15 
6,14 
17,90 
4,09 
11,64 
3,12 
11,14 
4,01 
19,13 

2,72 
23,83 
0,62 
2,25 
0,26 
1,41 
0,48 
4,18 
0,62 
3,05 

0,54 
1.55 
0,29 
0,87 

0,68 
9,92 
0,43 
7,02 
1,30 
2,58 
0,55 
1,16 
2,77 
5,19 
1,30 
2,42 
3,13 
9,55 
1,27 
10,89 

3,43 
7,11 
1,06 
3,20 
0,20 
0,20 

0,21 
0,01 
2,13 
0,20 
1.70 

0,56 

6,48 
-0,46 
7,63 
3,31 
12,74 
0,41 
10,39 
1,55 
25,13 

1,65 

5,23 
0,28 
30,10 

0,86 
61,07 

0,00 

0,27 
0,11 
0,55 
0,20 
0,33 

0,06 
-1,33 
6,45 
0,04 
7,62 
0,20 
0,61 
0,24 
0,25 
0,57 
0,58 

0,02 
0,01 
0,71 
0,12 
3,00 

0,31 
1,16 
0,25 
0,73 
1,66 
6,08 
1,20 
2,75 
0,96 
2,70 
0,40 
1,18 
2,07 
5,71 
0,72 
3,42 

3,91 
14,66 
3,17 
9,04 
1.55 
5,77 
1,09 
4,33 
3,43 
4,30 
0,12 
0,89 
2,81 
6,15 
1,19 
5,08 

-

0,51 
4,20 
0,89 
2,88 

-

0,57 
5,68 
0,93 
3,65 

0,59 
0,24 
0,24 
0,34 
1,51 
0,21 
0,35 

1,86 
12,13 
2,70 
6,88 

23,88 
100,93 

22,86 
102,55 
7,57 
18,49 
4,02 
13,19 
13,61 
31,55 
10,19 
50,87 

10,25 
46,70 
4,94 
40,49 

21,05 
103,51 
13,45 
91,55 
24,46 
44,82 
13,68 
85,07 

12,70 
44,15 
6,66 
43,21 
17,13 
66,62 

15,29 
133,64 
0,62 
2,25 
0,26 
1,41 
4,94 
12,60 
3,33 
18,82 
2,98 
4,37 
1,25 
1,89 

3,23 
84,11 
3,79 
82,84 
4,60 
7,33 
2,36 
2,99 

6,06 
9,90 
2,66 
3,93 

11,45 
32,33 
9,66 
32,87 

Including decommitments, carryovers and appropriations  made available again 
*  Payments do not necessarily refer to commitments in the same period 
"  Budget headings B2-1800, B2-1810, B2-1820, B2-1830 

170 

COMMUNITY 

TOTAL 

Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments  1994-97 (2) 
Commitments  1997 
Commitments  1994-97 (1) 
Payments  1997 
Payments 1994-97 (2) 

ERDF 

ESF 

EAGGF 

FIFG 

ECU million 
Total 

85,52 
191,19 

56,80 
164,49 

169,21 
422,67 
107,33 
480,95 

0,25 
0,42 
0,91 
3,88 
57,61 
239,07 
44,18 
224,06 

.0,26 
0,45 

3,79 

69,35 
7,49 
127,27 

0,69 
0,84 

0.00 
20,66 
71,47 
13,10 
41.43 

86,72 
192,91 
57,70 
168,37 
251,26 
802,56 
172,10 
873,70 

171 

Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF 
and EAGGF 
European Community Business and Innovation Centres and 
territorial pacts for employment adopted in 1997 under Article 7 of 
the ERDF Regulation 

ECU million 
ERDF 
contrib. 

Total 
cost 

European Community Business  and Innovation  Centres 

North Jutland 
Schmalkalden 
Bahfa de Cadiz 
Ciudad Real 
Auch 
Caen 
Pau 
Cornouaille 
Busto Ars'izio 
Catanzaro 
Salerno 
Trento 
Aosta 
Legnano 
Eisenstadt 

North Karelia 
South Karelia 
Vaasa 
Umea 
Kent 
Nottingham 
Ariège/Berga (France/Spain) 

EU 
Territorial  pacts for  employment 
B 

Hainaut industrial basin 
Western Brabant Wallon 
Drehscheibe  Chemnitz 
North-Rhine Westphalia 
Zeitz 
AchaTa 

DK 
D 
E 

A 
FIN 

S 
UK 

D 

EL 

IRL 

Athens-West  Piraeus 
Drama 
Imathia 
Kozani-Florina 
Magnesia 
Viotia 
Bahfa de Cadiz 
Ceuta 
Cuenca Minera de Asturias 
Cuencas Mineras de Palencia y Leôn 
Melilla 
Vallès Occidental (Catalonia) 
Hérault 
Les Hauts de la Réunion 
Pays de la Pointe des Ardennes (Champagne-Ardennes) 
Roubaix - Tourcoing - Vallée de la Lys  (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) 
Saint HerWain, Couëron et Indre (Pays de la Loire) 
Drogheda/Dundalk 
Dublin 
Limerick 
Westmeath 
Agro Nocerino Sarnese 
Alto Belice Corleonese 
Appennino Centrale 
Area Nord-Est délia provincia di Napoli 
Calatino-Sud Simeto 
Catania 
Matese 
Nord Barese 
Oris ta no 
Sangro-Aventino (Abruzzo) 

172 

1,329 
1,017 
0,632 
0,793 
0,623 
1,152 
0,826 
0,811 
0,791 
0,773 
0,773 
0,734 
0,636 
0,753 
1,144 
1,009 
1,198 
0,930 
1,326 
0,579 
1,209 
1,164 

0,250 
0,203 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,172 
0,295 
0,165 
0,165 
0,251 
0,184 
0,165 
0,247 
0,121 
0,235 
0,250 
0,100 
0,250 
0,320 
0,259 
0,250 
0,275 
0,243 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 

0,532 
0,421 
0,316 
0,397 
0,249 
0,445 
0,314 
0,316 
0,317 
0,387 
0,387 
0,294 
0,254 
0,301 
0,572 
0,504 
0,482 
0,372 
0,614 
0,231 
0,417 
0,582 

0,200 
0,162 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,138 
0,200 
0,132 
0,132 
0,200 
0,147 
0,132 
0,198 
0,097 
0,188 
0,200 
0,080 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,194 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 

L 
NL 

P 

FIN 

S 
UK 

Dudelange 
Revoland 
Limburg 
Noord-Brabant 
Alentejo 
Marinha Grande 
Vale do Sousa 
Kemi 
Lahti 
Northeast Lapland 
Jamtland 
Birmingham - Solihull - Black Country 
East Midlands - 3 cities: Derby, Nottingham and Leicester 
Haringey 
Metropolitan Borough of Bamsley 
South Tyneside 
St Helens 

i  Total 
cost 

ECU million 
I  ERDF 
contrib. 

0,250 
0,275 
0,300 
0,300 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,199 
0,250 
0,250 
0,270 
0,321 
0,251 
0,279 
0,250 

0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,159 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 

173 

Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and 

Pilot projects adopted in 1997 under Article  10 of the ERDF Regulation 

ECU million 
ERDF 

contrib. 

Total 

cost 

National  Interrégional  cooperation 

Europartenariat France - Massif  Central  1997 
Europartenariat The Netherlands *98 
Dlrectoria V (Strasbourg) 

Technology transfer • RIS 
EL 

Sterna Ellada 

E 

I 
FIN 
UK 

Thessaly 
Castilla-La Mancha 

Pafe Vasco 
Puglia 
Northern Ostrobothnla 
Strathdyde 
West Midlands 

Technology transfer - (RTT) 
"Interact!" 
EL 
"Progress" 
"Footwear" 

E 

I 

UK 

•Recycle' 
"IFT" 

"Adagio" 
"Esteem" 

Information  society - strategy (RISI) 

B 
EL 
E 
F 

FASIL 
"Rise" 
INFODEX 
"ACTI Limousin' 
Serise 
Arianna 
"Compris" 

I 
UK 
Information  society - (RISI 2) 

D 
EL 
E 
F 
IRL 
A 

P 

"Idan" 
"Temeten" 
"Ouea" 
"Enterskillnet" 
"Crlsm" 
-RMP" 

Tourist" 

Culture 
B 

C 

EL 

"Promise" 
Development centre for cultural tourism In the County of Storstrem 
"Amphora" 
"European Tower Network" 
1MKA" 
"CIED" 

"Multi-Cultural Tourism" 
"Sanveral" 
Trapowa" 
V/ltranet" 
•Attas" 
"Emporlon" 
"La cultura del agua" 
"Lucano" 
•Progress" 
"Stratcurt" 
"Ciste" 
"Missions" 
"Reppis" 
"Réveil" 
"Simine" 
Tosca" 
"Bradan" 
"Econcraft* 
"Casa Europa* 
"Cultura materiale" 
"Reva" 

"Eurotex+B97" 
"Pro Vita Alpina" 
"Arqueotex" 
'Ceeact* 
"Pleiades' 
"Coast heritage" 
"Echo" 
"Our dty/Notre ville" 

IRL 

174 

3,297 
3,188 
1,305 

0,500 
0,400 
0,471 
0,389 
0,500 
0,500 
0,497 
0,502 

0,099 
0,100 
0,137 
0,100 
0,100 
0,100 
0,100 

0,500 
0,500 
0,500 
0,499 
0,500 
0,500 
0,500 

3,120 
4,670 
2,092 
3,932 
2,222 
4,251 
3,490 

1,165 
0,200 
0,990 
0,601 
0,831 
0,610 
0,142 
0,667 
0,610 
0,831 
0,600 
0,814 
0,904 
0,754 
0,439 
0,875 
0,642 
0,200 
0,849 
0,900 
0,480 
0,835 
0,631 
1,020 
0,687 
0,847 
0,857 
0,760 
0,780 
0,941 
0,729 
0,720 
0,896 
0,645 
0,739 

1,000 
0,971 
0,850 

0,250 
0,200 
0,236 
0,195 
0,250 
0,250 
0,249 
0,250 

0,074 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0,075 
0.07S 

0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 

1,560 
2,335 
1,046 
1,586 
1,111 
2,126 
1,745 

0,600 
0,100 
0,450 
0,300 
0,498 
0,400 
0,099 
0,500 
0,450 
0,500 
0,450 
0,500 
0,500 
0,440 
0,302 
0,560 
0,400 
0,100 
0,500 
0,450 
0,300 
0,500 
0,409 
0,498 
0,400 
0,450 
0,500 
0,500 
0,350 
0,599 
0,500 
0,450 
0,485 
0,325 
0,500 

New sources of  employment 

ECU million 

Total 
cost 

ERDF 
contrib. 

C.E.A.Q.V. 
Etrave 
Dansk Kur Turism 
Akkureg 

BAMB 

Berlin-Services 
Estia 
Job Spring 
Synergia 
Espa—j 17 
Gimut 
Nye Elcjpe 
Tradesa 
Tutear 
Défi Haute-Saône 
Delgres 

EED 
Emploi 31 

Marseille  Méditerranée 
Mode 
Clean 
RCCN 
WINN-S.J. 
A F .L 
IES2000 
Informalavoro 
Loisir 
CACEP 

P 
FIN 
S 
UK 
Spatial  planning 

JHC 
Fokis 
New Jobs for Glasgow 

B 

DK 
D 

EL 

E 

F 

IRL 

I 

DK 
D 

EL 

IRL 

NL 

A 
P 
FIN 
S 
UK 

"ALBA-TER,  PATER" 
•Coastllnk: The European Network for Sustainable Coasts" 
"Concercoast" (PT/FR) 
"Duero-Douro" (E/PT) 
•Eurogise" 
"Geoplantour" (D/GR) 
"Grootstad Métropole LIloise' (F/B) 
*Posldonla"0,E, EL) 
'SRUNA: The Sustainable Recreational Use of Natural Assets' 
"Sustainable Development through Planning* 
Terra Incognita' (I/E) 

Urban  Projects 
B 

"Recyclart (Brussels)" 
"Undervaerket (The Wonder)  (Randers)" 

"Multifunctional Service Centre Brememaven (Bremen)" 
'Strateglen fur Frfsdrfchshafn (Berlin) 

"System of  Careful Urban Renewal' in Leipzig" 
"Umweltlnltlatlve Schamhorst (Dortmund)' 
International Networking CKy - ALEX - POU  NET (Alexandroupolis)" 
"SWANS (West Athens)* 
"Building Lean (A development proposai for the Old City)* 
'Economic Revitalisation of the Historic Centre of "El Albayzin' (Granada) 
"Otxarkoaga (Bilbao)' 
"Proyecto Gulniguada - (Gran Canaria)' 
"Bordeaux  les deux rives' 
"Chorus (Besançon)' 
"Maintaining the historic Heart of Dublin' 
"Protagonist (BifndsQ* 
"Rete di piazze telematiche per la Cfttà di NapoK" 
"Services and time for elderly people and families (Milan)" 
T he  Gate: living not leaving (Turin)" 
"Utrecht Museum Quarter" 
*Ein Lsben mit alien Skinen (Graz)* 
•Voyage à la Rose des Vents (Vila do Conde)* 
"Lasipalatsl film and media centre (Helsinki)" 
region (Falun, Bortange)' 
"Blueprint for Sustainable Development  (Leicester)* 
"Huddersfield - the Creative Town Initiative (Klrklees)* 

0,623 
0,753 
0,564 
0,516 
0,900 
0,543 
0,497 
0,666 
0,667 
0,800 
0,425 
0,641 
1,035 
0,267 
0,460 
0,692 
0,402 
0,800 
1,000 
0,561 
0,679 
0,553 
0,545 
0,583 
0,340 
0,560 
0,800 
0,438 
1,000 
1,176 
0,951 

1,623 
3,331 
2,092 
1,813 
3,913 
1,947 
2,500 
5,197 
2,164 
1,797 
____ 

5,951 
7,732 
4,140 
4,639 
3,919 
2,836 
3,382 
4,641 
7,568 
6,051 
4,963 
7,008 

13,068 
14,272 
2,640 
2,750 
4,007 
3,357 
5,069 

12,586 
7,148 
5,066 
9,000 
3,750 
6,479 

10.30C 

0,263 
0,450 
0,300 
0,340 
0,450 
0,375 
0,373 
0,500 
0,500 
0,400 
0,263 
0,424 
0,450 
0,200 
0,230 
0,500 
0,249 
0,395 
0,450 
0,200 
0,500 
0,350 
0,300 
0,291 
0,205 
0,330 
0,400 
0,300 
0,400 
0,500 
0,400 

0,709 
1,631 
1,064 
0,985 
1,854 
1,071 
1,042 
2,834 
1,190 
0,764 
1,163 

1,785 
2,247 
2,070 
2,192 
2,939 
1,388 
2,537 
3,016 
3,000 
2,954 
2,481 
2,705 
3,000 
3,168 
1,980 
2,063 
2,967 
1,007 
2,530 
2,981 
2,150 
2,999 
2,700 
1,875 
1,940 
2,927 

Innovative actions - others  (laboratory) 

VILLAGES DEUROPE - PHASE II B 

ai52j 

0,981 

175 

Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 
Pilot projects and technical assistance adopted in 1997, Article 6 of the ESF 
Regulation 

Technical  assistance 
B 

DK 

EL 
E 

Non-ESF B27CIP, technical assistance 
Technical assistance seminar Objective  3 
Territorial employment pact Brussels 
Territorial employment pact Halle-Vifvoorde 
Territorial employment pact Tongeren 
Territorial employment pact Arhus, Randers  (Kronjylland) 
Territorial employment pact Oresund 
Territorial employment pact  Sonderjylland 
Territorial employment pact Viborg 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Amberg-Sulzbach 
Territorial employment pact Hamburg 
Territorial employment pact Modellregion Land Bremen 
Territorial employment pact Neukolln (Berlin) 
Territorial employment pact Peine 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Seminair "Young people and employment: ESF assistance' 
Technical assistance seminar Objective  3 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Albertville 
Territorial employment pact Molsheim/Schirmeck 
Territorial employment pact Pays de Valois 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Technical assistance seminar Objective 3 
Territorial employment pact Salzburg 
Territorial employment pact Vienna 
Territorial employment pact Vorariberg 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Non-ESF CIP, technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Lohja 
Territorial employment pact Tampere 
Territorial employment pact Turku 
Territorial employment pact Stockholm 
Innovative actions  - Information society - RISI 2  project 
EL 
Innovative actions • new sources of  employment 
B 

Athinai (Athens) 

P 
FIN 

DK 

EL 

Advice agency for the employment of disabled people 
Igloo (New forms of partnerships in areas related to housing) 
Lehrmas (Social economy enterprises in the areas of environment, housing, services 
and restauration of patrimony) 
OLA (Training in 'logistic assistant*  for hospitals) 
Den blandende landhandel (Programme for immigrant families) 
Green Future (New sources of jobs in environmental activities) 
Incubator Guided By Seniors (Business development centre) 
Local network to develop innovative methods of job creation 
TELA-START (Regional telematic network centres) 
Transferbetrieb -TB (Social insertion enterprise in the recycling sector) 
Women's Micro-Entreprise Birth and Adoption (Intermediate agency for women 
apprenticeships) 
Autoocupacion juvenil (Assistance for the creation of Micro enterprises) 
EVTV • FS (Feasibility study for the creation of health services) 
Prometeo (Treatment of agricultural waste by marginalised youth) 
Restaura-Natura (Local office to promote new jobs in the hotel trade) 
Sarelan (Network for protected employment for the disabled) 
Sarelan (Platform to solve problems of jobs offer and demand) 
Serdom (Domestic services by marginalised people) 
Teletrabajo en Euskadi (New jobs through teteworking and management training) 

ECU million 

Total 
cost 

ESF 
contrib. 

0,100 
0,317 
0,250 
0,250 
0,250 
0,265 
0,250 
0,252 
0,464 
0,203 
0,255 
0,249 
0,251 
0,250 
0,336 
0,055 
0,073 
0,364 
0,351 
0,216 
0,250 
0,250 
0,400 
0,100 
0,307 
0,250 
0,240 
0,250 
0,050 
0,061 
0,255 
0,768 
0,250 
0,437 

0,100 
0,253 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,203 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,055 
0,073 
0,364 
0,158 
0,216 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,100 
0,276 
0,200 
0,192 
0,200 
0,050 
0,061 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 
0,200 

0,500 

0,250 

0,790 
2,145 
0,210 

0,875 
0,360 
1,719 
0,865 
0,804 
3,112 
0,241 
0,751 

0,327 
0,080 
0,178 
1,320 
0,874 
1,200 
1,534 
0,334 

0,440 
1,000 
0,157 

0,377 
0,273 
1,000 
0,586 
0,643 
1,000 
0,193 
0,500 

0,163 
0,064 
0,153 
0,750 
0,500 
0,720 
0,720 
0,267 

176 

F 

IRL 

I 

« 

P 

FIN 

UK 

Experiments in enterprises to reduce working time 
Arimiel (Platform to network competing SMEs) 
City Services (Development of  "services de proximité") 
Insertion-Jeunes  (Training in the construction trade of disadvantaged youth) 
Itinéraires pour l'emploi (Interenterprises platforms in  European regions) 
Le Transport dans son environnement social ("Mediation* agents in the area of public 
transport) 

Mercator (Teleworking training centre for disabled people) 
Pevere (Training of youth in environment related professions) 
Point Accueil Services Cadours Grenade (Job creation in the area of "services de 
proximité") 
Presence (Job creation for disadvantaged youth in the area of 'services de proximité") 

RATP-BN92 (Partnership to develop quality transport) 
Trob expérimentations igloo France (Training of disadvantaged groups in construction 
related trades) 
Pathways to Work (Job creation  in the areas of childcare, care for the elderly,...) 
RCCN (Training actions in the community/child/health care sectors) 
Creazione dimpiego dell'impresa sociale nelle aree urbane (Training and creation of 
employment in social enterprises) 
European Network of Agency for temporary work (Network of interim work employment 
agencies) 
Mare Verde (Creation of a Sea Agency in the harbours) 
Programmazione Concertata dello sviluppo locale (Local initiatives for the creation of 
jobs) 
Teleworking with good privacy (Multimedia technology in SMEs) 
Transfer - COOP (Transfer of management skills between cooperatives) 
Les 3 E du Développement intégré: Emploi, Environnement, Economie (Local 
muftidtscippnary agency in the area of environment) 
Place (Network of local partners) 
Kuopio Dance Festival (Job creation for young people in the area of culture) 

Rain (Network of rural small enterprises and farms using IT) 
YOPORE (NUOTTA)  (Network to promote environment-related employment) 
Creation of local work centres (co-ops with monitor)  (Local work centres (co-ops with 
monitor) for the unemployed) 
Transnational Training Project (Training for self-employment) 
Growth Rural Employment Bureau (Employment service bureau for micro-businesses 
and individuals) 
Mobility for food wholesale workers (Three country network) 
SME Base Expansion Through Social Enterprises (Local consortium to support SMEs) 

Pilot projects and innovative actions 
B 

Social Dialogue - ESDO Online 
Social Dialogue Yes for Europe 
Social Dialogue: A.F.E.T.T. 
Centres Télétravail • Teleworking centres 
Forco : Social dialogue in commerce 
New work organbation : Social dialogue 
Pilot project 
"Merit" pilot project 
Technical assistance 
EOEG's Offender Reintegration  Programme 
is tar 
Concordia pilot project 

IRL 
L 
NL 
A 
UK 

ECU million 

Total 
cost 
1,582 
0,415 
5,358 
0,304 
1,588 
2,785 

ESF 
contrib. 
0,355 
0,220 
1,000 
0,173 
0,760 
0,788 

0,600 
0,505 
0,350 

0,192 
0,326 
0,265 

2,216 

0,325 

3,584 
0,406 

1,000 
0,162 

0,365 
0,334 
1,508 

0,276 
0,235 
1,000 

1,069 

0,643 

0,300 
0,760 

0,200 
0,608 

3,144 
0,363 
0,882 

0,135 
0,066 
0,699 
0,483 
1,841 

1,000 
0,259 
0,554 

0,118 
0,052 
0,086 
0,277 
1,000 

1,204 
0,308 

0,641 
0,149 

0,703 
0,821 

0,300 
0,657 

0,200 
2,022 
3,936 
4,516 
1,635 
0,252 
0,600 
0,319 
0,050 
0,312 
2,024 
0,153 

0,180 
0,987 
3,543 
2,258 
1,384 
0,189 
0,300 
0,319 
0,050 
0.148 
1,012 
0,115 

177 

Annex 4: Pilot projects and innovative actions under the ERDF, ESF and EAGGF 
Innovative actions and technical assistance adopted  1994-97 under Article 8 of the EAGGF 
Regulation 

Year of 
adoption 

Total 
cost 

ECU million 
EAGGF 
contrib. 

1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1996 
1997 
1995 
1994 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1997 
1995 
1997 
1997 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1995 
1994 

0,250 
0,011 
0,020 
0,012 
0,250 
0,250 
0,010 
0,010 
0,008 
0,192 
0,250 
0,015 
2,527 
0,250 
0,015 
0,363 
0,250 
0,209 
0.015 
0,014 
0,264 
0,087 
0,122 
0,123 
0,398 
0,213 
3,134 

0,200 
0,011 
0,020 
0,012 
0,200 
0,200 
0,010 
0,010 
0,008 
0,125 
0,200 
0,015 
1,895 
0,200 
0,015 
0,200 
0,200 
0,167 
0,015 
0,014 
0,264 
0,020 
0,040 
0,123 
0,398 
0,213 
3,134 

1994 

0,061 

0,061 

1996 

0,217 

0,089 

1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 

1,023 
0,370 
0,711 
1,199 
0,272 

0,512 
0,277 
0,533 
0,899 
0,136 

1996 

0,468 

0,351 

1996 
1996 

1,263 
0,429 

0,947 
0,214 

1996 

0,978 

0,733 

1996 
1996 
1996 

0,840 
2,565 
0,390 

0,456 
0,998 
0,194 

1996 

1,066 

0,800 

1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 

1,191 
0,220 
1,003 
1,079 
0,423 

0,763 
0,077 
0,501 
0,809 
0,271 

IRL 

P 
FIN 

UK 
EU 

Evaluation, monitoring, technical assistance and studies 
DK 
D 
EL 
E 
F 

Territorial employment pact "Bornholm" 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Prior appraisal LEADER II 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Territorial employment pact "Ussel - Limousin" 
Territorial employment pact 'Périgord noir - Aquitaine" 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Prior appraisal LEADER II 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Technical assistance 
Territorial employment pact Tyrol, Oberland and Ausserfern" 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Technical assistance for agriculture 
Territorial employment pact "Ibalmi" 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Territorial employment pact "Kalmar County 
Territorial employment pact 'Varmland' 
Territorial employment pact 'Stromstad* 
Prior appraisal of Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Summary of mid-term evaluations, Obj. 5(b) SPD 
Evaluation of pilot and demonstration projects, call for proposais 96/C 284/10 
Seminar on ecological benefits 
Action on rural indicators 
Prior appraisal study 
Ex post LEADER I evaluation 
Evaluation of pilot and demonstration projects (Call No 94/6/303) 
Management contract for the financial and administrative monitoring of Objective 1, 
5(a) and 5(b) measures 
Technical assistance contract relating to the management and computer-
assbtance application "Feorienr 

Pilot and demonstration  projects 
B 

Technical preparation, conversion and support for the marketing of organic 
products 
Introduction of organic products in school and works canteens 
Rural development in the EichfeW region 
Regeneration of forests affected by fire in Greece 
Growing of aloe-vera 
Demonstration project to set up a centre to market organic products and provide 
training m techniques and production systems compatible with the environment 
Production, processing and marketing of products from wild animal species with a 
view to the creation of an ecological label 
On-farm castor-bean processing to extract the bean's essences 
Demonstration project on the technical feasibility of new cultivation techniques that 
make optimal use of irrigation while respecting the environment 
Creation of a tropical fruits and spices nursery, thereby ensuring a steady supply to 
the local processing industry 
Agri-tourism: promotion of areas of outstanding gastronomic importance 
European programme to install farm workers in depressed areas 
Experimental installation of young farmers in holdings underwritten by the social 
partners and based on cooperative principles 

Demonstration project establishing a network to promote/market typical agro-
industrial and food products 
Upgrading of cultivated terraces in the Mediterranean area (PRO TERRA) 
Demonstration project 'eat organic in the school canteen" 
Reintroduction of fine lavender cultivation in its traditional region of production 
Intensive cultivation of 'Myrtus Communis" 
Development of structures to promote alternative farming enterprises in western 
Ireland 

IRL 

178 

Introduction of animals prized by the textile industry on marginal rural land in 
Umbria 
Upgrading, maintenance, development and conservation of farmed and forested 
lands in blighted areas 
Socio-economic promotion of the Apulia Region's local culinary resources and 
traditions 
Revitalisation, processing and commercial promotion of the Abbruzzi Region's eco 
organic products 
Installation of young farmers through sponsorship programmes 
Economic promotion of liquorice cultivation 
The cultivation in two Italian regions (Piedmont and Friuli-Venezia-Giulia) of two 
non-food grasses used in the production of boards 
On-line market for typical agricultural products 
Introduction of an ore-compatibility system with the UK and France 
Strategy to guarantee the quality and marketing of organic compost 

Demonstration project to promote the "Garrano de Geres* for leisure activities 
Accelerated diversification on Madeira through the introduction of products for use 
in the pharmaceutical industry (Tea Tree Oil) 
Commercial exploitation of goat production in the Serra do Caldeirao 
Quality as a factor in the success of a rural business 
Development of timber products 
Feasibility and economic viability of integrating "Farm-woodland" and agro-forestry 
systems into commercial farms 

NL 
A 

P 

FIN 
UK 

Mesures de diffusion 
EU 

Provision of services and communication/information toote on the Community's 
rural development policy 
Design work (rural development maps) 
Mapmaking and printing (rural development maps) 
Mapmaking and printing (farming and forestry maps) 
Design work (farming and forestry maps) 
Logo to instill awareness of rural development 

Year of 
adoption 

Total 
cost 

ECU million 
EAGGF 
contrib. 

1996 

0,714 

0,357| 

1996 

0,302 

0,151 

1996 

0,218 

0,164 

1996 

0,304 

0,228 

1996 
1996 
1996 

1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 

1996 
1996 
1996 
1996 

0,856 
0,198 
0,655 

0,362 
0,539 
0,226 
0,078 
0,998 

0,856 
0,788 
0,171 
0.438 

0,642 
0,149 
0,328 

0,181 
0,270 
0,113 
0,059 
0,748 

0,637 
0,591 
0,085 
0,210 

1997 

3,431 

3,431 

1996 
1996 
1996 
1995 
1995 

0,007 
0,123 
0,253 
0,011 
0,019 

0,007 
0,123 
0,230 
0,011 
0,019 

179 

Year of adoption / 
Member State 

Obj 

Total 
cost 

ERDF 
contrib 

(1) 

National 
public 
contribution 

Private 
contribution 

1997 

Commitments 
199447 
(2) 

% 
(2V(1) 

1997 

Payments 
1994-97 
(3) 

% 
(3V1 

ECU million 

Annex 5: Major projects 1994-97' 

1997 
SPAIN 
Main drain, Santander Bay 
Cartagena-Puertollano oil pipeline 
1996 
SPAIN 
Gibraltar-Cordoba gas pipeline 
Valencia-Cartagena gas pipeline 
Installation of natural gas, Huelva 
1995 
IRELAND 
Tallaght Hospital 
ITALY 
Port of Gioia Tauro 

1 
1 

1 
1 
1 

1 

1 

25,32 
161,23 

17,72 
62,90 

298,47 
60,69 
27,40 

99,01 
23,81 
7,28 

7.60 
0,00 

0,00 
0.00 
0,00 

o.oc 
98,33 

4,41 
17,67 

4,41 
17,67 

25% 
28% 

199,46 
36,88 
20,12 

0,00 
0,00 
0,00 

89,81 
23,81 
7,28 

91% 
100% 
100% 

2,21 
0,00 

0,00 
0,00 
1,46 

2.21 
0,00 

12% 
0% 

71,85 
19,05 
7,28 

73% 
80% 
100% 

131,33 

39,37 

91,96 

0.00 

0,00 

39,37 

100% 

0,00 

31,50 

80% 

120,00 

40,00 

0,00 

80,00 

0,00 

40,00 

100% 

12,00 

32,00 

80% 

* Major projects within the meaning of Article 16(2) of the Coordination Regulation 

180 

Annex 6:  Implementation of appropriations in 1997 by budget heading (not 
including decommitments and carryovers) (ECU) 

Item 

Title 

Commitments 

Payments! 

CCA 

CSF 
Objective  1 
Objective 5(a)  (outside Objective  1 and 5(b) areas) 

B2-100 
B2-1000 
B2-1001 
B2-1002  Objective 5(a)  (in Obj. 5(b) areas) 
B2-1003 
B2-1004  Objective 6 

Objective 5(b) 

Total EAGGF 

CSF 

B2-110 
B2-1100  Objective 1 
B2-1101 
B2-1102 
B2-1110 

Objective 5(a) 
Objectivée 
Social measures  linked to forced  lay-ups 

Total FIFG 

Total ERDF 

CSF 
Objective 1 
Objective 2 

B2-120 
B2-1200 
B2-1201 
B2-1202  Objective 5(b) 
B2-1203  Objective 6 

B2-130 
B2-1300 
B2-1301 
B2-1302 
B2-1303 
B2-1304 
B2-1305 

CSF 
Objective 1 
Objective 2 
Objective 3 
Objective 4 
Objective 5(b) 
Objective 6 

Total ESF 

COMMUNITY INfTlATfYK 

B2-140 
B2-1400 
B2-1400 
B2-1400 

PESCA (restructuring of the fisheries  sector) 
ESF 
FIFG 
ERDF 

Total  Pesca 

B2-141 
B2-1410 
B2-1410 
B2-1410 
B2-1410 

Interregional  cooperation 
ESF 
EAGGF-GukJance 
FIFG 
ERDF 

B2-1412 
B2-1412 
B2-1412 
B2-1412 

ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 

Total  Interreg 

Total  Peace 

B2-142 
B2-1420 
B2-1420 

Employment and development of human  resources 
ESF 
ERDF 

B2-1421 
B2-1421 

ESF 
ERDF 

B2-1422 
B2-1422 

ESF 
ERDF 

B2-1423 
B2-1423 

ESF 
ERDF 

IS 
2fc 

Total  Now 

Total  Horizon 

Total Integra 

Total Youthstart 

181 

2.578.655.000 
422.011.000 
552.654.503 
421.479.000 
51.300.000 
4.026.099.503 

2.131.910.000 
467.877.000 
539.477.000 
406.377.999 
34.357.800 
3.579.999.799 

308.327.621 
59.076.033 
1.570.000 
0 
368.973.654 

339.999.998 
145.893.090 
1.000.000 
0 
486.893.088 

10.069.898.812 
2.198.543.893 
658.565.158 
56.130.000 

8.295.704.757 
2.683.564.495 
488.384.683 
53.782.000 

12.983.137.8631  11.521.435.9351 

4.058.768.093 
703.332.440 
2.202.908.639 
476.918.959 
168.351.869 
28.820.000 
7.639.100.0001 

3.335.008.243 
493.628.370 
1.784.006.994 
375.229.926 
135.011.466 
20.515.000 
6.143.399.999] 

13.647.955 
4.527.170 
3.281.000 
21.456.1251 

4.147.677 
1.464.869 
28.603.500 
34.216.046 

33.972.252 
17.572.505 
0 
407.026.576 
458.671.333 

13.000.501 
16.856.176 
0 
327.694.166 
357.650.843 

32.482.389 
13.016.000 
525.000 
7.288.000 
53.311.389! 

37.276.839 
9.694.300 
263.826 
33.922.500 
81.157.465 

36.644.371 
20.397 
36.664.768 

76.360.917 
20.396 
76.381.313 

109.350.000 
0 
109.350.000 

50.820.000 
256.318 
61.076.318 

72.556.906 
256.317 
72.813.223 

63.567.414 
0 
63.567.414 

72.382.558 
0 
72.382.558 

59.192.231 
0 
59.192.2311 

Item 

Title 

Commitments 

Payments] 

B2-1424 
B2-1424 

ESF 
ERDF 

Total Adapt 

B2-143 
B2-1430 
B2-1430 

Industrial  restructuring 
ESF 
ERDF 

B2-1431 
B2-1431 

ESF 
ERDF 

Total Rechar 

Total Résider 

125.432.619 
0 
125.432.619 

147.933.714 
0 
147.933.714 

24.258.838 
89.066.440 
113.325.278 

10.118.426 
94.983.400 
105.101.826 

20.126.224 
55.316.420 
75.442.644 

9.432.782 
52.674.200 
62.106.982 

Item 

Title 

Commitments 

Payments! 

B2-1432 
B2-1432 

ESF 
ERDF 

B2-1433 
B2-1433 

ESF 
ERDF 

Total Konver 

Total Retex 

B2-144 
B2-1440 
B2-1440 
B2-1440 
B2-1440 

Regis (most remote  regions) 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 

B2-145 
B2-1450 
B2-1450 

Urban (urban areas) 
ESF 
ERDF 

Total Regis 

Total Urban 

B2-146 
B2-1460 
B2-1460 
B2-1460 

Leader (rural  development) 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
ERDF 

B2-147 
B2-1470 
B2-1470 

SMEs  Initiative 
ESF 
ERDF 

Total Leader 

Total SME 

B2-148 
B2-1480 
B2-1480 
B2-1480 
B2-1480 

Reserve for earlier and future measures 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
ERDF 
RESERVE 

Total for previous  measures  (*) 

o_ 

? < 

CL  Ol 
r2 

ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 

Total Community Initiatives 

OMER ASSISTANCE 

Total Fraud  prevention 

B2-150 

B2-1600 
B2-1600 

_* 
fi 

ERDF 
ESF 
Total Implementation, monitoring, evaluation  CSF/SPD 

B2-180 
B2-181 
B2-182 
B2-183 

EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFG 
ERDF 
ESF 

Total Transitional measures and innovative  actions 

162 

16.333.000 
175.098.000 
191.431.000 

1.743.184 
84.034.099 
85.777.283 

8.685.738 
4.596.000 
0 
77.365.000 
90.646.738 

9.963.291 
58.730.816 
68.694.107 

1.063.223 
55.730.543 
56.793.766 

6.813.734 
1.106.700 
0 
47.871.400 
55.791.834 

29.211.231 
88.887.000 
118.098.231 

13.937.449 
61.697.600 
75.635.049 

10.510.696 
65.418.760 
81.920.453 
157.849.909 

3.621.853 
43.870.901 
56.617.267 
104.110.020 

10.447.200 
122.889.284 
133.336.484 

3.492.460 
120.154.814 
123.647.274 

12.838.524 
10.221.142 
164.532.427 

187.592.092 

611.581.374 
100.603.265 
5.052.170 
1.231.880.045 
1.949.116.854 

529.784.822 
81.749.219 
1.728.695 
1.064.058.287 
1.677.321.023 

449.633 
449.633 

750.000 
750.000 

1.487.444 
79.790 
1.567.234 

5.716.381 
20.662.838 
170.629.361 
60.391.626 
257.400.205 

7.487.530 
13.101.443 
107.330.240 
44.182.950 
172.102.163 

Item 

B2-190 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
B2-1900 
I 

en 
Q 
o 
* 
u. 

Title 

Commitments 

Payments | 

Structural measures under Regulation (CEE) No 3575/90 (former GDR) 
ESF 
EAGGF-Guidance 
FIFQ 
ERDF 

Total Former GDR 

857.840 
29.504.312 
30.362.152j 

O  Payments for 1989-1993 
O  Payments for 1989-1993 

183 
183 

Annex 7: Programme implementation by Member State (Objectives and Community Initiatives) for 1997 
under the 1994-99 programme (ECU million) 

ToM«?oSi 
ToM«?oSi 

contrlfe, 
contrlfe, 
t il 
ttt 

Comttt  founts 
Comtttftrjtefits 
1987 
1 9 87 

Commitments 
Commitments 
1994-97 
1994-97 

% 
% 

Payttttnti 
Payttttnti 

1987 
1987 

i  Payments 
i  Payments 
1994-97 
1994-97 

:  % 
:  % 

I.  M i l l i o n. 
I.  Ml.  l i ft  I. 

...Ml 
, . ,M 

L.JSr,  I, 
L.JSr,  I, 

| 
| 

I 
I 
2.721,7 
2.721,7 

748,5 
748,5 
| 
| 

120,0 
120,0 
| 
| 

| 
| 
349,68 
349,68 

I 
I 
47% 
47% 

96,C 
96,C 
| 
| 

| 
267,6 
267,6 
| 

36% 
36% 

BELGIQUE/BELGIS 
P r o g r a m x* 
PrOgrtrttlUMti 
{year of adoption} 
{year of adoption} 

:M^M^M,.l.,.,,,.,.,.1,11,1,  ,1 
:M ^ M ^ M , . , . , . ( „ . , . , . „ , „ l ,n 

SPDHainaut(1994) 
SPD  Hainaut  (1994) 
Objective 2 
Objective 2 
SPD  Aubange  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Aubange  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Liege  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Liege  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Limburg 1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Limburg 1997-99  (1997) 

SPD Tumhout  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD Tumhout  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Aubange  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Aubange  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Liege  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Liege  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Limburg 1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Limburg 1994-96  (1994) 

SPD Tumhout  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD Tumhout  1994-96  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
i S J i i ^ l ^^ 
i S J i i ^ l ^^ 
OP  Communaute  flamande  (1994) 
OP  Communaute  flamande  (1994) 

OP  Communaute' francaise  (1994) 
OP  Communaute' francaise  (1994) 

OP  Communaute  germanophone  (1994) 
OP  Communaute  germanophone  (1994) 

OP  Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
OP  Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest  (1994) 
Qewest(1994) 

OP  Ministry  of  Employment  (1994) 
OP  Ministry  of  Employment  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
QXtmfo* 
QXtmfo* 
OP  Communaute  flamande  (1994) 
OP  Communaute  flamande  (1994) 

OP  Communaute  francaise  (1994) 
OP  Communaute  francaise  (1994) 

OP  Communaute  germanophone  (1994) 
OP  Communaute  germanophone  (1994) 

OP  Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
OP  Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest  (1994) 
Gewest  (1994) 

OP  Ministry  of Employment  (1994) 
OP  Ministry  of Employment  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
I t f t P ^ ^ i i M t o r* 
I t f t P ^ ^ i i M t o r* 
Forecasts Vlaanderen R.  2328/91  (1995) 
Forecasts Vlaanderen R.  2328/91  (1995) 

SPD  Vlaanderen R.  866  and 867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Vlaanderen R.  866  and 867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Region  Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
SPD  Region Bruxelles Capitale/Brussels  Hoofdstedelijk 
Gewest R.  866/90(1995) 
Gewest R.  866/90(1995) 

Forecasts Wallonie  R.  2328/91  (1995) 
Forecasts Wallonie  R.  2328/91  (1995) 

SPD Wallonie  R.  866  and 867/90  (1995) 
SPD Wallonie  R.  866  and 867/90  (1995) 

Federal  Forecasts  R.  2328/91  (1995) 
Federal  Forecasts  R.  2328/91  (1995) 

Total 
Total 
Wfc^^ 
j O i i l i^ 
SPD  Belgique/BelgiS  (1994) 
SPD  Belgique/BelgiS  (1994) 
iJStipiliiliH^ 
iJStipiliiliH^ 
SPD  Meetjesland  (1995) 
SPD  Meetjesland  (1995) 

SPD Wallonie  (1995) 
SPD Wallonie  (1995) 

SPD West hoek  (1995) 
SPD Westhoek  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 

'^^^^$^^^^^^^j^^&i^^^M:^^WW^^^ 
'^^^^$^^^^^^^j^^&i^^^M:^^WW^^^ 

W^M^9M^SMMM§MM^M^^m9i9i 
W^M^9M^SMMM§MM^M^^m9i9i 
Vlaanderen  (1995) 
Vlaanderen  (1995) 

Wallonie  (1995) 
Wallonie  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

$m$fyfo*iA 
$m$fyfo*iA 
Vlaanderen  (1994) 
Vlaanderen  (1994) 

Wallonie  (1994) 
Wallonie  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
:lijijiiijiiSiiS;;;:|;;|;i;s 
:lijijiiijiiSiiS;;;:|;;|;i;s 

Hainaut  (1997) 
Hainaut(1997) 

Meetjesland  (1997) 
Meetjesland  (1997) 

Wallonie  (1997) 
Wallonie  (1997) 

Westhoek(1997) 
Westhoek(1997) 

Total 
Total 

PftSCflL 
PftSCflL 
Belgique/BelgiS  (1994) 
Belgique/BelgiS  (1994) 

SMSfeft 
SMSftft 
Network:  IBEX  Libramont-98: timber  (1997) 
Network:  IBEX  Libramont-98: timber  (1997) 

Vlaanderen  (1996) 
Vlaanderen  (1996) 

Wallonie  (1995) 
Wallonie  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

2,2 
2,2 

442,0 
442,0 

446,1 
446,1 

82,1 
82,1 

3,2 
3,2 

290,8 
290,8 

89,2 
89,2 

44,7 
44,7 

1.C 
1.C 
114,4 
114,4 

67,8 
67,8 

32,9 
32,9 

1,3 
1.3 
80,2 
80,2 

33,9 
33,9 

18,1 
18,1 

1.400,5 
1.400,5 

349,7 
349,7 

626,1 
626,1 

368,0 
368,0 

12,6 
12,6 

33,3 
33,3 

114,3 
114,3 

190,3 
190,3 

160,4 
160,4 

5,6 
5,6 

12,5 
12,5 

36,9 
36,9 

1.154,4 
1.154,4 

405,8 
405,8 

107,9 
107,9 

54,8 
54,8 

1,2 
1,2 

7,0 
7,0 

15,7 
15,7 

186,7 
186,7 

135,8 
135,8 

352,1 
352,1 

11,1 
11,1 

101,1 
101,1 

46,4 
46,4 

186,7 
186,7 

833,2 
833,2 

43,7 
43,7 

17,8 
17,8 

0,5 
0,5 

2,2 
2,2 

6,0 
6,0 

70,2 
70,2 

49,5 
49,5 

23,8 
23,8 

1,1 
1,1 
30,1 
30,1 

5,4 
5,4 

63,6 
63,6 

173,4 
173,4 

103,7 
103,7 

24,5 
24,5 

1.C 
1.C 

36,9 
36,9 

21,7 
21,7 

32,9 
32,9 

0,0 
0,0 

-0,9 
-0,9 

-4,9 
-4,9 

-1.3 
-1.3 

85,4 
85,4 

31,9 
31,9 

26,6 
26,6 

3,3 
3,3 

2,0 
2,0 

6,2 
6,2 

70,0 
70,0 

0,0 
0,0 

16,6 
16,6 

0,4 
0,4 

1,9 
1,9 

0,0 
0,0 

18,9 
18,9 

9,1 
9,1 

6,1 
6,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1,6 
1,6 

8,8 
8,8 

0.0 
0.0 

0,5 
0,5 

8,3 
8,3 

0,0 
0,0 

8,9 
8,9 

1.3 
1,3 

6,1 
6,1 

7,4 
7,4 

4,6 
4,6 

9,1 
9,1 
13,7 
13,7 

4,1 
4,1 

0,0 
0,0 

3,3 
3,3 

0,0 
0,0 

7,4 
7,4 

0,5 
0,5 

0,3 
0,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,3 
0,3 

43,9 
43,9 

69,9 
69,9 

113,8 
113,8 

36,7 
36,7 

63,1 
63,1 

99,8 
99,8 

9,3 
9,3 

4,2 
4,2 

7,9 
7,9 

7,2 
7,2 

28,5 
28,5 

16,3 
16,3 

22,4 
22,4 

38,6 
38,6 

16,8 
16,8 

29,0 
29,0 

45,8 
45,8 

4,1 
4,1 

1,1 
1,1 
3,3 
3,3 

1,8 
1,8 

10,3 
10,3 

5,3| 
5,3| 

2.5| 
2.5| 

1.0 
1.0 

8,6 
8,6 

14,2 
14,2 

23,9 
23,9 

0,3 
0,3 

2,7 
2,7 

9,4 
9,4 

12,4 
12,4 

184 

1.C 
1.C 

100% 
100% 

36,9 
36,9 

21,7 
21,7 

32,9 
32,9 

1,3 
1,3 
80,2 
80,2 

33,9 
33,9 

18,1 
18,1 

32% 
32% 

32% 
32% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

0,5 
0,5 

17,4 
17,4 

10,9 
10,9 

16,4 
16,4 

0,0 
0,0 

39,6 
39,6 

17,2 
17,2 

0,3 
0,3 

0,5 
0,5 

17,4 
17,4 

10,9 
10,9 

16,4 
16,4 

0,6 
0,6 

66,7 
66,7 

27,8 
27,8 

12,0 
12,0 

226,0 
226,0 

65% 
65% 

102,4 
102,4 

152,4 
152,4 

50% 
50% 

15% 
15% 

16% 
16% 

05 
05 

46% 
46% 

83% 
83% 

82% 
82% 

66% 
66% 

44% 
44% 

54% 
54% 

54% 
54% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

5 1% 
5 1% 

54% 
54% 

10% 
10% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

25% 
25% 

45% 
45% 

37% 
37% 

12% 
12% 

3 1% 
3 1% 

50% 
50% 

58% 
58% 

46% 
46% 

33,4 
33,4 

21,9 
21,9 

0,9 
0,9 

2,3 
2,3 

3,1 
3,1 

61,6 
61,6 

0,0 
0,0 

8,3 
8,3 

0,2 
0,2 

1,0 
1,0 

0,0 
0,0 

9,4 
9,4 

8,0 
8,0 

1,0 
1,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1,2 
1,2 

10,7 
10,7 

20,9 
20,9 

103,2 
103,2 

87,1 
87,1 

2,8 
2,8 

6,2 
6,2 

18,7 
18,7 

218,0 
218,0 

4,4 
4,4 

8,9 
8,9 

0,2 
0,2 

1,1 
1,1 
3,0 
3,0 

17,7 
17,7 

22,1 
22,1 

8,8 
8,8 

0,1 
0,1 

9,4 
9.4 

2,7 
2,7 

36,8 
36,8 

80,0 
80,0 

0,4 
0,4 

5,5 
5,5 

0,8 
0,8 

6,7 
6,7 

1.0 
1.0 

11,1 
11,1 

2,6 
2,6 

14,8 
14,8 

297,0 
297,0 

770,0 
770,0 

10% 
10% 

27% 
27% 

10% 
10% 

19% 
19% 

42% 
42% 

ilPlf 
ilPlf 

IBS! 
IBS! 

3,6 
3,6 

6,3 
6,3 

10,0 
10,0 

2,3 
2,3 

4,5 
4,5 

6,8 
6,8 

2,0 
2,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1,7 
1,7 

0,0 
0,0 

3,7 
3,7 

8,1 
8,1 

11,2 
11.2 

19,3 
19,3 

8,4 
8,4 

14,5 
14,5 

22,9 
22,9 

2,0 
2,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1.7 
1.7 

0,0 
0,0 

3,7 
3,7 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

60% 
60% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

0% 
0% 

50% 
50% 

0% 
0% 

36% 
36% 

121,5 
121,5 

104,7 
104,7 

64% 
64% 

65% 
65% 

5,6 
5,6 

100% 
100% 

7,7 
7,7 

23,0 
23,0 

262,5 
262,5 

62% 
62% 

62% 
62% 

65% 
65% 

8,8 
8,8 

17,8 
17,8 

0,5 
0,5 

20% 
20% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

2,2 
2,2 

6,0 
6,0 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

35,3 
35,3 

50% 
50% 

27,0 
27,0 

16,1 
16,1 

0,3 
0,3 

11,7 
11,7 

4,0 
4,0 

46,5 
46,5 

55% 
55% 

68% 
68% 

24% 
24% 

39% 
39% 

73% 
73% 

73% 
73% 

6 1% 
6 1% 

1,8 
1,8 

19,6 
19,6 

3,5 
3,5 

24,9 
24,9 

17% 
17% 

47% 
47% 

13% 
13% 

32% 
32% 

16,3 
16,3 

22,4 
22,4 

38,6 
38,6 

16,8 
16,8 

29,0 
29,0 

45,8 
45,8 

4,1 
4,1 

0,0 
0,0 

3,3 
3,3 

0,0 
0,0 

7,4 
7,4 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

0% 
0% 

100% 
100% 

0% 
0% 

72% 
72% 

2,5| 
2,5| 

100%j 
100%j 

0,2| 
0,2| 

0,8 
0,8 

30% 
30% 

0,3 
0,3 

2,7 
2,7 

9.4 
9.4 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

12,4 
12,4 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,8 
0,8 

3,2 
3,2 

4,0 
4,0 

0% 
0% 

30% 
30% 

34% 
34% 

32% 
32% 

25,6 
25,6 

105,4 
105,4 

24,5 
24,5 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 

19,6 
19,6 

80% 
80% 

10,3 
10,3 

41,4 
41,4 

26,4 
26,4 

78,1 
78,1 

34,2 
34,2 

135,5 
135,5 

96,6 
96,6 

266,3 
266,3 

6.666,4 
6.666,4 
$!?$$:•?$$$• 
$!?$$:•?$$$• 

1.850,1 
1.850,1 

328,8 
328,8 

1.028,4 
1.028,4 

;|wntrjb>:;:;:: 
;|wntrjb>:;:;:: 

fllSlll 
fllSlll 

llilllllirili 
llilllllirili 

66% 
66% 
11111 
11111 

*»W«ttve 
*tfti«ttvi 

(yearaf adoption) 
(yearaf adoption) 

Tata$<As$ 
Tata$<A*t 

^nwrtroerrts 
^nwnitmants 

Commttniants: 
Commttniants 

Pa&want* 
Paymant* 

Payment* 
Payment* 

i  contrfb.  • 
i  contrfb.  • 

1 9 *7 
1 9 *7 

1884-97 
1884-97 
m 
m 

..pay 
..pay 

1997 
1997 

1994-97 
1994-97 

Kasha* 
Kasha* 
Chatelet(1995) 
Chatelet(1995) 

Limburg  (1995) 
Limburg  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

IWmMMf 
IWmMMf 
Bruxelles/Brussel  (1995) 
Bruxelles/Brussel  (1995) 

Vlaanderen  (1995). 
Vlaanderen  (1995). 

Wallonie(1995) 
Wallonie(1995) 

Total 
Total 

i*iji$&^ 
i*iji$&^ 

Charleroi(1995) 
Charleroi(1995) 

Liege  (1995) 
Liege  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

Rata* 
R*t*X 
Vlaanderen  (1996) 
Vlaanderen  (1996) 

Wallonie(1995) 
Wallonie(1995) 

Total 
Total 
W^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^M^ 
W^I^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M^^M^ 
Bruxelles/Brussel  (1996) 
Bruxelles/Brussel  (1996) 

Antwerpen(1995) 
Antwerpen(1995) 

Charieroi(1995) 
Charleroi(1995) 

Total 
Total 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 
•!$i^ 
•!$i^ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/ Luxemburg/ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/ Luxemburg/ 
Nederland:  RNne-Meuse  (1997) 
Nederland:  Rhine-Meuse  (1997) 

Belgique/France/tuxemburg:  Wallonie-Lorraine-
Belgique/France/tuxemburg:  Wallonie-Lorraine-

Luxembourg(1996) 
Luxembourg(1996) 

Belgique/France:  Ardennes  (1996) 
Belgique/France:  Ardennes  (1996) 

France/Belgique/BelgiS:  Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Vlaanderen 
France/Belgique/BelgiS:  Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
(1996) 

France/Belgique/BelgiS:  Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
France/Belgique/BelgiS:  Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/Picardie  (1996) 
Calais/Picardie  (1996) 

(1995) 
(1995) 

Belgique/BelgiS/Nederland:  Middengebied  (1995) 
Belgique/BelgiS/Nederland:  Middengebied  (1995) 

Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/BelgiS:  Euregio  Meuse-
Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/BelgiS:  Euregio  Meuse-

Rhine  (1995) 
Rhine  (1995) 

DANMARK 

1.9 
1.9 
56,2 
56,2 

68,1 
68,1 

5,8 
5,8 

11.8 
11.8 

12,9 
12,9 

30,4 
30,4 

31,4 
31,4 

28,4 
28,4 

69,8 
69,8 

3,0 
3,0 

6.0 
6,0 

9,0 
9,0 

8,4 
8,4 

15,2 
15,2 

11.3 
11.3 

34,9 
34,9 

463,6 
463,6 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
É i l i i l i l l l li 
É i l i i l i l l l li 
4,0 
4,0 

0,0 
0,0 

4,0 
4,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,9 
0,9 

14,8 
14,8 

15,7 
15,7 
» 
» 
1,7 
1.7 

4,8 
4,8 

4,9 
4,9 

11,5 
11,5 

15,2 
15,2 

12,5 
12,5 

27,7 
27,7 

1.4 
1.4 

3.0 
3,0 

4,4 
4,4 

2.2 
2,2 

2,6 
2,6 

5,7 
5,7 

10,4 
10,4 

179,3 
179,3 

0,9 
0,9 

100% 
100% 

14,8 
14,8 

100% 
100% 

16,7 
16,7 

100% 
100% 

1,7 
1,7 

4,8 
4,8 

4,9 
4,9 

11,5 
11,5 

15,2 
15,2 

12.5 
12,5 

27,7 
27,7 

1,4 
1,4 

3,0 
3,0 

4,4 
4,4 

2,2 
2,2 

2,6 
2,6 

5,7 
5,7 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

10,4 
10,4 

100% 
100% 

0,3 
0,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,3 
0,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,4 
0,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,4 
0,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,6 
0,6 

0,6 
0,6 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,4 
0,4 

0,4 
0,4 

0,7 
0,7 

7,4 
7,4 

8,1 
8,1 

0,9 
0,9 

2.4 
2.4 

2,5 
2,5 

6,7 
6,7 

6,0 
6,0 

6,3 
6,3 

12,2 
12,2 

0,7 
0,7 

2,1 
2,1 

2,8 
2,8 

1.1 
1,1 

1,3 
1,3 

3,3 
3,3 

5,6 
5,6 

8 0% 
8 0% 

5 0% 
5 0% 

6 2% 
6 2% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

5 0% 
5 0% 

6 0% 
6 0% 

3 9% 
39% 

50% 
50% 

4 4% 
4 4% 

5 0% 
5 0% 

7 0% 
7 0% 

64% 
64% 

50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 

58% 
58% 

64% 
64% 

4 8% 
4 8% 

33,4 
33,4 

176,4 
176,4 

98% 
98% 

22,3 
22,3 

85,2 
85,2 

426,7 
426,7 

137.1 
137,1 

15,5 
15,5 

15,5 
15,5 

1 1% 
1 1% 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0% 
0% 

62,2 
62,2 

27,8 
27,8 

30,2 
30,2 

12,5 
12,5 

38,3 
38,3 

18,0 
18,0 

148,4 
148,4 

22,8 
22,8 

66,3 
66,3 

71.5 
71.5 

11,1 
11,1 

32,4 
32,4 

71,9 
71,9 

35,7 
35,7 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1,1 
1,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

26,2 
26,2 

12,5 
12,5 

87% 
87% 

100% 
100% 

18,0 
18,0 

100% 
100% 

10,0 
10,0 

11,1 
11,1 

32,4 
32,4 

14% 
14% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

1,4 
1,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,5 
0,5 

1.5 
1.5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

13,5 
13,5 

3.7 
3.7 

45% 
45% 

3 0% 
3 0% 

9,0 
9,0 

50% 
50% 

6,5 
6,5 

3,3 
3,3 

9,7 
9,7 

9% 
9% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

33,5 
33,5 

94% 
94% 

o.o 
o.o 

10,0 
10,0 

2 8% 
2 8% 

! 
! 

Programmes 
Programmes 

^aarWa4opfion) 

YaU«ai  r i ul 
YaU«ai  r i ul 
4 W M R » mn 
4 W M R » mn 

&Fumfcfc; 
&Fumfcfc; 

<Jorom tenants 
<Jorom tenants 

: Comnrtttinants 
: Comnrtttinants 

;  ftftntrife  i 

% 
% 

Psymantsj 
Paymantsj 

Paymarrts 
Paymarrts 

1S97 
1S97 

.j 
.j 

1&94-S7 
1&94-S7 

Gfc* 
0 6* 

fce«va2 
fce«va2 

SPC 
SPC 

L d l a nd  1997-99  (1997) 
L d l a nd  1997-99  (1997) 

SPC 
SPC 

Nord-jylland  1997-99  (1997) 
Nord-jylland 1997-99  (1997) 

SPD 
SPD 

Lolland  1994-96  (1994) 
Lolland  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD 
SPD 

Nord-jylland  1994-96  (1994) 
Nord-jylland  1994-96  (1994) 

T o ti 
Toti 
it 
it 
<** 
<** 
SPD 
SPD 

Ofep 
Ofep 

SPC 
SPC 
0** 
0** 
Fore 
Fore 

« » y *3 
« » y *3 

Danmark(1994) 
Danmark  (1994) 
K*tva4 
K * t v a4 
Danmark (1994) 
Danmark(1994) 
rttttftgaiaorteutat* 
rttttfaMaorteutat* 
c a s ts Danmark  R. 2328/91  (1995) 
c a s ts Danmark  R. 2328/91  (1995) 

SPD 
SPD 

Danmark  R. 866 and  867/90  (1994) 
Danmark  R. 866 and  867/90  (1994) 

T o ti 
T o ti 

il 
il 
K$ttK»)ftoh*f|4* 
K$v»K»)ftohwl4* 
Danmark  (1994) 
Danmark  (1994) 
xttvaSW 
K t t v a SW 
Danmark  (1994) 
Danmark  (1994) 

Ofep 
Ofep 

SPD 
SPD 

Otop 
Otop 

SPD 
SPD 

TOT 
TOT 

AL 
AL 

fcjttatfca 
fcjttatfca 
fy*ar of adoption} 
{yaar of adoption} 

' " " " " " "" 
' " " " " " "" 

M* 
Ada 
Ada 
Ada 

Entj 
Entj 
Emp 
Emp 
Ua< 
U*< 
Leac 
Leac 

Pas< 
Pa*< 

" 
" 

' 
I* 
' 
1* 
at Danmark  (1995) 
at Danmark  (1995) 
rtsiww* 
rtsiww* 
ifoyment  Danmark  (1994) 
lioyment  Danmark  (1994) 
** 
** 
1er Danmark  (1996) 
1er Danmark  (1996) 
» 
» 
a  Danmark  (1994) 
a  Danmark  (1994) 

Pes< 
Pes< 
$MI 
$MI 
SME 
SME 

KOtt 
KOtt 

Kon\ 
Kon\ 

1* 
1* 
a  Danmark  (1996) 
a  Danmark  (1996) 
war 
war 
m  Danmark  (1995) 
m  Danmark  (1995) 

47,4 
47,4 

222,3 
222,3 

30,5 
30,5 

216,4 
216,4 

616,6 
616,6 

584,3 
584,3 

13,8 
13,8 

54,4 
54,4 

7,0 
7,0 

47,1 
47,1 

122,3 
122,3 

• 
• 

268,1 
268,1 

87,7 
87,7 

38,9 
38,9 

352,5 
352,5 

213.6 
213,6 

666,1 
666,1 

102,7 
102,7 

26,7 
26,7 

129,4 
129,4 

444,2 
444,2 

142,5 
142,5 

13,8 
13,8 

17,4 
17,4 

-1,6 
-1,6 

3,4 
3,4 

33,1 
33,1 

42,2 
42,2 

7.4 
7.4 

17,0 
17,0 

0,0 
0,0 

17,0 
17,0 

0.0 
0.0 

man 
man 

13,8 
13,8 

17,4 
17,4 

100% 
100% 

3 2% 
3 2% 

7,8 
7,8 

1 1 1% 
1 1 1% 

47,1 
47,1 

86,1 
86,1 

100% 
100% 

7 0% 
7 0% 

6,92 
6,92 

8,71 
8,71 

-0,80 
-0,80 

24,13 
24,13 

39,0 
39,0 

6,92 
6,92 

8,71 
8,71 

5,57 
5,57 

41,42 
41,42 

62,6 
62,6 

50% 
50% 

16% 
16% 

80% 
80% 

88% 
88% 

6 1% 
6 1% 

169,2 
169,2 

63% 
6 3% 

39,6 
39,6 

154,8 
154,8 

58% 
58% 

20,4 
20,4 

53% 
53% 

4,99 
4,99 

15,66 
15,66 

40% 
40% 

67,3 
67,3 

10,5 
10,5 

77,8 
77,8 

65% 
65% 

39% 
3 9% 

6 0% 
6 0% 

19,50 
19,50 

52,36 
52,36 

1,08 
1,08 

20,6 
20,6 

9,48 
9,48 

61,8 
61,8 

5 1% 
5 1% 

36% 
36% 

4 8% 
4 8% 

69,9 
69,9 

4 9% 
4 9% 

27,9 
27,9 

58.2 
58.2 

4 1% 
4 1% 

202,3 
202,3 

2.401,2 
2.401,2 
Tota*W*t 
Tota*W*t 

54,0 
54,0 

756,3 
756,3 

10,7 
10,7 

110,4 
110,4 

24,2 
24,2 

447,6 
447,6 

45% 
45% 

6 9% 
6 9% 

14,7 
14,7 

146,8 
146,8 

20,5 
20,5 

373,7 
373,7 

38% 
38% 

4 9% 
4 9% 

4 9 97 
4 9 *7 

t>»mjft|tmettts 
t^omjAltmants 

Payments! 
Pttymehjtsj 

Paymant* 
Paymant* 

1 9 9 4 *7 
1 9 9 4 *7 
;„„„„„#„„„„„ 
;„„„„„#„„„„„ 

,.4fflfflh' 
,.4fflfflh" 

1 9 97 
1997 

j 
j 

1994-97 
1994-97 

t*J 
t*J 

2,2 
2,2 

3,5 
3,5 

1.6 
1.6 

4.1 
4.1 

0.0 
0.0 

0,0 
0,0 

31,7 
31,7 

100% 
100% 

** 
** 

14.1 
14.1 

100% 
100% 

8.2 
8.2 

100% 
100% 

16,4 
16,4 

100% 
100% 

•  •+ 
•  •+ 

2,6 
2,6 

100% 
100% 

2,4 
2,4 

100% 
100% 

7.0 
7.0 

15,9 
15,9 

5 0% 
5 0% 

3,9 
3,9 

0.5 
0.5 

2.7 
2.7 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

7,0 
7,0 

50% 
50% 

2.4 
2.4 

3 0% 
3 0% 

4.9 
4.9 

3 0% 
3 0% 

0,8 
0,8 
-
-
1.2 
1.2 

3 0% 
3 0% 

5 0% 
5 0% 

:  çontrlb*  -
:  çontrlb*  -

LMuJ 
LMuJ 

31.7 
31.7 

1 
1 

Ul 
Ul 

69,0 
69,0 

28,1 
28,1 

14.1 
14,1 

26.7 
26,7 

8.2 
8.2 

48,6 
48,6 

16.4 
16.4 

5.1 
5.1 

5,3 
5,3 

2.6 
2.6 

2.4 
2.4 

185 

initiative 
Initiative 
(year «f adoption} 
(year «f adoption} 

Total toat 
Total tost 

5, Fund* 
S F u n d* 
contrih i 
€Ofltrfb. i 

'Cotatfiliiitants 
<£onwnltment* 
1997 
1997 

Commitments 
Colmmttma^ta 
1884*97 
1884*97 

Payments 
Payments; 

paymants 
paymants 

1997 
1997 

1994-97 
1994-97 

Urban 
Urban 
Urban Danmark (1995) 
Urban  Danmark  (1995) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
IntettagTAegan 
IntettagTAegan 

3,0 
3.0 

185,9 
185,9 

1,5 
1,5 

76,8 
76,8 

Danrnark/Deutschland/Suomi  Finland/Sverige:  Baltic  Sea 
Danrnark/Deutschland/Suomi  Finland/Sverige:  Baltic  Sea 

(1997) 
(1997) 

47,5 
47,5 

25,0 
25,0 

United  Kingdom/DanmanVSverige/  Nederland/ 
United  Kingdom/Danmark/Sverige/  Nederland/ 
Deutschland:  North Sea  (1997) 
DeutscWand:  North Sea  (1997) 

Danmark/Sverige  (1996) 
Danmark/Sverige  (1996) 

Danmark/Deutschland:  Fyns  A m t / K E R . N.  (1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland:  Fyns  A m t / K E R .N  (1995) 

Danmark/Deutschland:  Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum  V 
Danmark/Deutschland:  Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum  V 
(1995) 
(1995) 

Danmark/Deutschland:  Storstrom/Ostholstein/Lubeck 
Danmark/Deutschland:  Storstrom/Ostholstein/Lubeck 
(1995) 
(1995) 

Danmark:  Baltic Sea  (1995) 
Danmark:  Baltic Sea  (1995) 

30.3 
30.3 

28,0 
28,0 

3,6 
3,6 

22,2 
22,2 

10,4 
10,4 

4,6 
4,6 

14,5 
14,5 

13,0 
13,0 

1.8 
1.8 

11.1 
11.1 

5,2 
5,2 

2.0 
2.0 

to 
to 

1.5 
1.5 

76,8 
76,8 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 

14,1 
14,1 

0,5 
0,5 

32,7 
32,7 

32% 
32% 

43% 
43% 

25,0 
25,0 

100% 
100% 

12.5 
12.5 

12,5 
12,5 

50% 
50% 

14,5 
14,5 

13,0 
13,0 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

1,8 
1,8 

100% 
100% 

11,1 
11,1 

100% 
100% 

5,2 
5,2 

2,0 
2,0 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 

0,7 
0,7 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

3,9 
3,9 
0,5 
0,5 

0% 
0% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

3,3 
3,3 

30% 
30% 

1.6 
1.6 

0,6 
0,6 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

0,0 
0,0 

11,6 
11,6 

25,0 
25,0 

14,5 
14,5 

2,4 
2,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

DEUTSCHLAND 

!?^WtW#:ilx:;'::::Xv::::;::::::;:::v::::::::::>V:'::::x 
!w.^l^!¥W¥l^:i*:*#::#&:::w 
Regional  OPs 
Regional  OPs 

OP  Berlin  (East)  (1994) 
OP  Berlin  (East)  (1994) 

OP  Brandenburg  (1)  (1994) 
OP  Brandenburg  (1)  (1994) 

OP  Brandenburg  (2)  (1994) 
OP  Brandenburg  (2)  (1994) 

OP  Brandenburg  (3)  (1994) 
OP  Brandenburg  (3)  (1994) 

OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1)  (1994) 
OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1)  (1994) 

OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (2)  (1994) 
OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (2)  (1994) 

OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (3)  (1994) 
OP  Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (3)  (1994) 

O P S a c h s e n ( l ) ( l 9 9 4) 
O P S a c h s e n ( l ) ( l 9 9 4) 

O P S a c h s e n ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 
O P S a c h s e n ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P S a c h s e n ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 
O P S a c h s e n ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (1)  (1994) 
OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (1)  (1994) 

OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (2)  (1994) 
OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (2)  (1994) 

OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (3)  (1994) 
OP  Sachsen-Anhalt  (3)  (1994) 

O P T h 0 r i n g e n ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 
O P T h u r i n g e n ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P T h 0 r i n g e n ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 
O P T h 0 r i n g e n ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P T h 0 r i n g e n ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 
O P T h 0 r i n g e n ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

Murtiregional  OPs 
Murtiregional  OPs 

OP  Fisheries  (1994) 
OP  Fisheries  (1994) 

OP  Workforce  skilling  (1994) 
OP  Workforce  skilling  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
W*&iMMmttm^ 
Wl^il^^^^^^M^M^MMiMMM-
SPD  Niedersachsen  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Niedersachsen  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Bayem  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Bayem  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Berlin  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Berlin  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Bremen  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Bremen  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Hessen  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Hessen  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Saarland  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Saarland  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  1997-99  (1997) 
SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Niedersachsen  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Niedersachsen  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Bayem  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Bayem  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Berlin  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Berlin  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Bremen  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Bremen  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Hessen  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Hessen  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Saarland  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Saarland  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  1994-96  (1994) 
SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  1994-96  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
;aiBliife^^ 
B f f i j j i i i^ 
Regional  OPs 
Regional  OPs 

OP  Baden-Wurttemberg  (1994) 
OP  Baden-Wurttemberg  (1994) 

OP  Niedersachsen  (1994) 
OP  Niedersachsen  (1994) 

O P B a y e r n ( l 9 9 4) 
O P B a y e r n ( l 9 9 4) 

OP  Berlin  (1994) 
OP  Berlin  (1994) 

OP  Bremen  (1994) 
OP  Bremen  (1994) 

OP  Hamburg  (1994) 
OP  Hamburg  (1994) 

OP  Hessen  (1994) 
OP  Hessen  (1994) 

OP  Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1994) 
OP  Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1994) 

(1 ) Economic development 
(2) Rural development 
(3) Labour market 

' ^ ^ . • W k t fj 
' ^ ^ . • W k t fj 

ifiiiiiifjii|ii|i| 
ifiiiiiifjii|ii|i| 

<^rnfn)tmerrt* 
<^rnfn)troerrt* 

lllllilii; 
lllllilii; 

:Payw*f»t*3 

Hill 
Hill 
lIlBH 
lIlBH 
llli 
llli 

iiipiif 
iiipiif 

mil 
mil 
Will 
Will 

2.525,6 
2.525,6 

4.573,0 
4.573,0 

2.365,3 
2.365,3 

776,5 
776,5 

4.752,4 
4.752,4 

1.564,4 
1.564,4 

809,9 
809,9 

9.029,0 
9.029,0 

1.710,7 
1.710,7 

965,9 
965,9 

9  430,3 
9.430,3 

1.844,5 
1.844,5 

1.106,2 
1.106,2 

5  467,4 
5.467,4 

1.928,9 
1.928,9 

774,9 
774,9 

747,7 
747,7 

1.006,6 
1.006,6 

733,5 
733,5 

482,1 
482,1 

810,7 
810,7 

667.1 
667.1 

363,0 
363,0 

2.113,9 
2.113,9 

631,3 
631,3 

648,4 
648,4 

1  134,4 
1  134,4 

597,5 
597,5 

660,3 
660,3 

1.060.6 
1.060.6 

530,8 
530,8 

457,9 
457,9 

253,6 
253,6 

109,3 
109,3 

2.258,3 
2.258,3 

1.076,7 
1.076,7 

39,9 
39,9 

254,8 
254,8 

217,0 
217,0 

80,4 
80,4 

136,1 
136,1 

7,1 
7,1 

47,6 
47,6 

360,7 
360,7 

121,4 
121,4 

131,0 
131,0 

450,9 
450,9 

93,5 
93,5 

142,5 
142,5 

177,7 
177,7 

68,9 
68,9 

77,3 
77,3 

1.1 
1.1 
106,3 
106,3 

62.136,6 
62.136,6 

13.831,6 
13.831,6 

2.514,3 
2.514,3 

370,2 
370,2 

581,0 
581,0 

539,9 
539,9 

290,1 
290,1 

501,8 
501,8 

415,1 
415,1 

218,5 
218,5 

1.303,2 
1.303,2 

479,0 
479,0 

361,4 
361,4 

790,6 
790,6 

361,3 
361,3 

405,1 
405,1 

628,3 
628,3 

297,9 
297,9 

272,0 
272,0 

47,6 
47,6 

584,3 
584,3 

8.447,3 
8.447,3 

50% 
50% 

58% 
58% 

74% 
74% 

60% 
60% 

62% 
62% 

62% 
62% 

60% 
60% 

62% 
62% 

76% 
76% 

56% 
56% 

70% 
70% 

60% 
60% 

6 1% 
6 1% 

59% 
59% 

56% 
56% 

59% 
59% 

44% 
44% 

54% 
54% 

6 1% 
6 1% 

109,6 
109,6 

233,1 
233,1 

101,7 
101,7 

91,7 
91,7 

118,4 
118,4 

109,5 
109,5 

83,8 
83,8 

388,6 
388,6 

102,5 
102,5 

109,8 
109,8 

99,4 
99,4 

90,2 
90,2 

127,9 
127,9 

96,1 
96,1 

53,7 
53,7 

88,9 
88,9 

12,7 
12,7 

172,6 
172,6 

310,8 
310,8 

496,1 
496,1 

367,3 
367,3 

267,5 
267,5 

448,0 
448,0 

371,9 
371,9 

193,8 
193,8 

1.163,4 
1.163,4 

357,3 
357,3 

317.5 
317.5 

402,5 
402,5 

290,7 
290,7 

340,8 
340,8 

417,4 
417,4 

236,8 
236,8 

229,6 
229,6 

39,5 
39,5 

503,6 
503,6 

2.190,2 
2.190,2 

6.754,6 
6.754,6 

225,2 
225,2 

42,7 
42,7 

413,1 
413,1 

207,0 
207,0 

78,2 
78,2 

1.613,3 
1.613,3 

67,1 
67,1 

104,0 
104,0 

37,6 
37,6 

95,7 
95,7 

30,5 
30,5 

401,0 
401,0 

177,6 
177,6 

48,0 
48,0 

1.262,2 
1.262,2 

49,7 
49,7 

240,6 
240,6 

32,4 
32,4 

49.9 
49.9 

19,8 
19,8 

191,2 
191,2 

55,1 
55,1 

30.0 
30,0 

450,6 
450,6 

27,6 
27,6 

58,9 
58,9 

18,1 
18,1 

43,1 
43,1 

12,3 
12,3 

155,4 
155,4 

47,6 
47,6 

16.6J 
16.6J 

340,4 
340,4 

23,8 
23,8 

48,6 
48,6 

15,6 
15,6 

16,0 
16,0 

19,8 
19,8 

61,1 
61,1 

17,6 
17,6 

30,0 
30,0 

16,0 
16,0 

19,8 
19,8 

61,1 
61,1 

17,6 
17,6 

30,0 
30,0 

32% 
32% 

100% 
100% 

32% 
32% 

32% 
32% 

100% 
100% 

144,0 
144,0 

144,0 
144,0 

32% 
32% 

27,6 
27,6 

17,5 
17,5 

18,1 
18,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

39,2 
39,2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

27,6 
27,6 

17,5 
17,5 

18,1 
18,1 

43,1 
43,1 

14,3 
14,3 

155,4 
155,4 

47,6 
47,6 

16,6 
16,6 

340,4 
340,4 

23,8 
23,8 

48,6 
48,6 

15,6 
15,6 

100% 
100% 

30% 
30% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

116% 
116% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

8,0 
8,0 

9,9 
9,9 

26,2 
26,2 

8,8 
8,8 

15,0 
15,0 

72,0 
72,0 

13,8 
13,8 

8,7 
8,7 

9,0 
9,0 

20,6 
20,6 

0,1 
0,1 

65,0 
65,0 

23,3 
23,3 

1.7 
1.7 
93,6 
93,6 

0,0 
0,0 

1.7 
1.7 

3,0 
3,0 

8,0 
8,0 

9,9 
9,9 

26,2 
26,2 

8,8 
8,8 

15,0 
15,0 

72,0 
72,0 

13,8 
13,8 

8,7 
8,7 

9,0 
9,0 

34,6 
34,6 

11,8 
11,8 

110,8 
110,8 

40,3 
40,3 

13.2 
13.2 

278,2 
278,2 

14,3 
14,3 

33,1 
33,1 

12,4 
12,4 

6.125,8 
6.125,8 

1.604,5 
1.604,5 

390,9 
390,9 

1.056,9 
1.056,9 

66% 
66% 

380,5 
380,5 

720,2 
720,2 

7,8 
7,8 

33,5 
33,5 

0,0 
0,0 

9,2 
9,2 

6,7 
6,7 

7,8 
7,8 

7,8 
7,8 

44,5 
44,5 

32,8 
32,8 

89,3 
89,3 

25,0 
25,0 

33,4 
33,4 

25,5 
25,5 

25,2 
25,2 

31,5 
31,5 

143,3 
143,3 

6 1% 
6 1% 

74% 
74% 

44% 
44% 

64% 
64% 

65% 
65% 

65% 
65% 

63% 
63% 

5 1% 
5 1% 

10,7 
10,7 

18,9 
18,9 

0,0 
0,0 

6,3 
6,3 

9,4 
9,4 

6,9 
6,9 

9,5 
9,5 

29,4 
29,4 

65,1 
65,1 

15,1 
15,1 

25,7 
25,7 

23,4 
23,4 

21,1 
21,1 
28,1 
28,1 

41,0 
41,0 

126,0 
126,0 

233,9 
233,9 

276,8 
276,8 

125,3 
125,3 

123,2 
123,2 

93,5 
93,5 

86,3 
86,3 

165,9 
165,9 

743,8 
743,8 

53,5 
53,5 

121,2 
121,2 

56,5 
56,5 

51,9 
51,9 

39.5 
39.5 

39,1 
39,1 

49,6 
49,6 

280,6 
280,6 

186 

42% 
42% 

49% 
49% 

50% 
50% 

55% 
55% 

55% 
55% 

56% 
56% 

53% 
53% 

55% 
55% 

57% 
57% 

49% 
49% 

35% 
35% 

49% 
49% 

52% 
52% 

39% 
39% 

45% 
45% 

50% 
50% 

36% 
36% 

47% 
47% 

49% 
49% 

16% 
16% 

50% 
50% 

14% 
14% 

16% 
16% 

50% 
50% 

16% 
16% 

50% 
50% 

15% 
15% 

50% 
50% 

80% 
80% 

96% 
96% 

7 1% 
7 1% 

65% 
65% 

80% 
80% 

82% 
82% 

60% 
60% 

68% 
68% 

80% 
80% 

45% 
45% 

55% 
55% 

54% 
54% 

27% 
27% 

50% 
50% 

59% 
59% 

54% 
54% 

57% 
57% 

45% 
45% 

pfoflratfrittm 
PfOflratfrittm 
(year of adoption) 
(year of adoption} 

Totaled 
Totaled 

5, funds 
5, funds 
!  contrfb. 
!  contrfb. 

Cowtfnltm#tttt 
Commitments 

1997 
1997 

Commitments 
Ce!flimftm&ftt& 
199447 
189447 

OP  Rheinland-Pfalz  (1994) 
OP  Rheinland-Pfalz  (1994) 

OP  Saarland  (1994) 
OP  Saarland  (1994) 

OP  Schleswig-Holstein  (1994) 
OP  Schleswig-Holstein  (1994) 

Multireglonal OP 
Multireglonal OP 

Federal OP (1994) 
Federal OP (1994) 

Total 
Total 
OfefeetiVft* 
0fefeetiVft4 
SPD Deutschland (1994) 
SPD  Deutschland  (1994) 

0*4«*fr« $t*) 
*<«)  t g i M t a f* 
ftglMtaf* 
ttfrettr* 
SPD  Niedersachsen  R. 866  and 867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Niedersachsen  R. 866  and 867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Bayem  R.866  and  867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Bayem  R.866  and  867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Bremen  R  866  and  867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Bremen  R  866  and  867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Hamburg  R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Hamburg  R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Hessen  R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Hessen  R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Saarland R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Saarland R. 866  and  867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Schleswig-Holstein R. 866 and 867/90  (1995) 
SPD  Schleswig-Holstein R. 866 and 867/90  (1995) 

SPD  Baden-Wurttemberg  R. 866 and  867/90  (1994) 
SPD  Baden-WOrtternberg R. 866 and  867/90  (1994) 

SPD  Nordrhein-Westfahlen  R. 866  and  867/91  (1994) 
SPD  Nordrhein-Westfahlen R. 866  and  867/91  (1994) 

SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  R. 866 and 867/90  (1994) 
SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  R. 866 and 867/90  (1994) 

Forecasts  Deutschland R. 2328/91  (1995) 
Forecasts  Deutschland R. 2328/91  (1995) 

Total 
Total 
i 0 i f i i £ i^ 
i 0 i f i i £ i^ 
SPD  Deutschland  (1994) 
SPD  Deutschland  (1994) 
WS^^I^^^^^^M^mMMM^^mMii 
WS^f^l^^^^^^M^mMMM^^mMii 
SPD  Baden-Wurttemberg  (1995) 
SPD  Baden-Wurttemberg  (1995) 

SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 
SPD  Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

SPD  Saarland  (1995) 
SPD  Saarland  (1995) 

SPD  Niedersachsen  (1994) 
SPD  Niedersachsen  (1994) 

SPD  Bayem  (1994) 
SPD  Bayem  (1994) 

SPD Hessen  (1994) 
SPD Hessen  (1994) 

SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  (1994) 
SPD  Rheinland-Pfalz  (1994) 

SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  (1994) 
SPD  Schleswig-Holstein  (1994) 

Total 
Total 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 

^i^W^W^i^^f^&S^^^wi^in^^^f^^^^^^^^. 
^i^w^w^i^^^&K^^i^wi^im^i^^f^^^^^^^^. 

Wi^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
Wi^i^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ 
Deutschland  (1995) 
Deutschland  (1995) 
iwftptoiiiiwwfc^ 
iwftptoiiiiwwfc^ 
Deutschland  (1994) 
Deutschland  (1994) 
i t a i j i j i i^ 
i t a i j i j i i^ 
Networks  (1996) 
Networks  (1996) 

Schleswig-Holstein  (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein  (1996) 

Baden-Wurttemberg  (1995) 
Baden-Wurttemberg  (1995) 

Bayern(1995) 
Bayern(1995) 

Berlin  (East)  (1995) 
Berlin  (East)  (1995) 

Brandenburg  (1995) 
Brandenburg  (1995) 

Hessen  (1995) 
Hessen  (1995) 

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (1995) 

Niedersachsen  (1995) 
Niedersachsen  (1995) 

Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 
Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

Rheinland-Pfalz  (1995) 
Rheinland-Pfalz  (1995) 

Saarland  (1995) 
Saarland  (1995) 

Sachsen(1995) 
Sachsen(1995) 

Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 
Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 

Thuringen  (1995) 
Thuringen  (1995) 

Total 
Total 

P«4ca '.•• 
P««ca '.•• 
Deutschland  (1994) 
Deutschland  (1994) 

# i M S i & ; & 8^ 
# i M S i & ; & 8^ 
Network:  IBEX  Magdeburg  1998:  energy  (1997) 
Network:  IBEX  Magdeburg  1998:  energy  (1997) 

Baden-Wurttemberg  (1996) 
Baden-Wurttemberg  (1996) 

Brandenburg  (1996) 
Brandenburg  (1996) 

Niedersachsen  (1996) 
Niedersachsen  (1996) 

Rheinland-Pfalz  (1996) 
Rheinland-Pfalz  (1996) 

Saarland  (1996) 
Saarland  (1996) 

Schleswig-Holstein  (1996) 
Schleswig-Holstein  (1996) 

Bayem  (1995) 
Bayem  (1995) 

Berlin  (1995) 
Berlin  (1995) 

Bremen  (1995) 
Bremen  (1995) 

Hessen  (1995) 
Hessen  (1995) 

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (1995) 
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (1995) 

to 
to 
29,5 
29,5 

40,9 
40,9 

35,0 
35,0 

93,1 
93,1 

108,7 
108,7 

78,2 
78,2 

2.589,7 
2.589,7 

4.718,4 
4.718,4 

887,6 
887,6 

1.684,9 
1.684,9 

to 
to 
14,8 
14,8 

26,1 
26,1 

23,8 
23,8 

478,4 
478,4 

949,1 
949,1 

50% 
50% 

64% 
64% 

68% 
68% 

54% 
54% 

66% 
66% 

0,0 
0,0 

7,0 
7,0 

0,3 
0,3 

4,1 
4,1 

128,7 
128,7 

-
-

Payments 
PayfliftHts 
1997 
j 
1997  j 

Payroont* 
Payroont* 
139447 
199447 
(3) 
(3) 

2,6 
2,6 

6,7 
6,7 

2,2 
2,2 

13,0 
13,0 

24,4 
24,4 

21,5 
21,5 

181,7 
181,7 

2 9 5 ,8 
2 9 5 ,8 

424,8 
424,8 

817,6 
817,6 

44% 
44% 

60% 
60% 

6 1% 
6 1% 

48% 
48% 

49% 
49% 

648,08 
648,08 

265,34 
265,34 

33,56 
33,56 

89,78 
89,78 

33,84% 
33,84% 

33,09 
33,09 

56,59 
56,59 

21,33% 
21,33% 

99,6 
99,6 

342,2 
342,2 

4,5 
4,5 

24,1 
24,1 

84,8 
84,8 

17,8 
17,8 

10,2 
10,2 

132,3 
132,3 

132,5 
132,5 

76,6 
76,6 

29,9 
29,9 

85,5 
85,5 

0,7 
0,7 

4,3 
4,3 

21,2 
21,2 

3,1 
3,1 

3,1 
3,1 

22,3 
22,3 

30,1 
30,1 

18,8 
18,8 

0,0 
0,0 

5,9 
5,9 

0,0 
0,0 

1.4 
1,4 

5,5 
5,5 

0,5 
0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

3,1 
3,1 

4,7 
4,7 

2.1 
2.1 

3.491.8 
3.491.8 

4.416,3 
4.416,3 

871,8 
871,8 

1.090,8 
1.090,8 

145,0 
145,0 

168,2 
168,2 

10,4 
10,4 

35,7 
35,7 

0,2 
0,2 

2,1 
2,1 

15,1 
15,1 

2,6 
2,6 

0,5 
0,5 

11.7 
11,7 

19,5 
19,5 

8,7 
8,7 

576,3 
576,3 

682,8 
682,8 

35% 
35% 

42% 
42% 

35% 
35% 

49% 
49% 

7 1% 
7 1% 

8 2% 
8 2% 

16% 
16% 

52% 
52% 

65% 
65% 

46% 
46% 

66% 
66% 

63% 
63% 

2.8 
2.8 

13,9 
13,9 

0,0 
0,0 

0,7 
0,7 

2,9 
2,9 

0,5 
0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,7 
0,7 

2,4 
2,4 

0,5 
0,5 

121,6 
121,6 

146,0 
146,0 

6,6 
6,6 

32,9 
32,9 

0,2 
0,2 

1.1 
1.1 
8,6 
8,6 

1.9 
1.9 
0,2 
0,2 

7,4 
7,4 

14,0 
14,0 

'5,7 
'5,7 

454,6 
454,6 

533,2 
533,2 

22% 
22% 

38% 
38% 

25% 
25% 

25% 
25% 

40% 
40% 

62% 
62% 

8% 
8% 

33% 
33% 

46% 
46% 

3 1% 
3 1% 

52% 
52% 

49% 
49% 

285,2 
285,2 

76,0 
76,0 

0,1 
0,1 

37,8 
37,8 

50% 
50% 

8.9 
8.9 

28,9 
28,9 

38% 
38% 

451,9 
451,9 

117,9 
117,9 

114,1 
114,1 

699,1 
699,1 

2 9 9 3 ,5 
2 9 9 3 ,5 

235,2 
235,2 

426,8 
426,8 

227.3 
227,3 

74,9 
74,9 

46,8 
46,8 

24,1 
24,1 

245,1 
245,1 

572,0 
572,0 

'  80,8 
'  80,8 

111,3 
111,3 

85,9 
85,9 

6.266,9 
6.265,9 

1.240,8 
1.240,8 

72.596,4 
72.596,4 

19.793,8 
19.793,8 

T o f r i l c o sf 
T o f r i l c o sf 

: 
:¥*bntribi'::
::;:.«bhtriik-;:: 
iitpiii 
iitpiii 

21,4 
21,4 

3,7 
3,7 

7,1 
7,1 

78,4 
78,4 

115,7 
115,7 

8,7 
8,7 

16,1 
16,1 

18,7 
18,7 

269,8 
269,8 

44,4 
44,4 

15,4 
15,4 

11,1 
11,1 

155,8 
155,8 

330,9 
330,9 

43,2 
43,2 

58,6 
58,6 

59,8 
59,8 

59% 
59% 

33% 
33% 

46% 
46% 

64% 
64% 

58% 
58% 

54% 
54% 

53% 
53% 

70% 
70% 

17,3 
17,3 

2.7 
2.7 

4,8 
4,8 

51.9 
51.9 

60,3 
60,3 

10,0 
10,0 

14,4 
14,4 

22,9 
22,9 

28,5 
28,5 

10,4 
10,4 

7,1 
7,1 

114,4 
114,4 

246,1 
246,1 

33,6 
33,6 

41,9 
41,9 

49,1 
49,1 

719,3 
719,3 

6 8% 
6 8% 

184,3 
184,3 

631,1 
631,1 

3.505,6 
3.505,6 
Commttmtnts 
Commttmtnts 

11.982,9 
11.982,9 

;Coittimrtfn*ttt* 
;CoitnmrtfH*ttt* 

6 1% 
6 1% 
:|p«i|| 

iiiiiiiilii 
iiiiiiiilii 

3.238,8 
3.238,8 
P*ymtnts 
P*ymtnts 
Ifllllll 
Ifllllll 

9.442,1 
9.442,1 
Payments 
Payments 
V:;199*87l: 
V:;199*87l: 

38% 
38% 

2 2% 
2 2% 

29% 
29% 

47% 
47% 

43% 
43% 

42% 
42% 

38% 
38% 

57% 
57% 

43% 
43% 

48% 
48% 

iiil 
iiil 

539,9 
539,9 

256.7 
256.7 

387,1 
387,1 

201,0 
201,0 

16,6 
16,6 
W83*3&8W& 
W83*3&8W& 
77.9 
77.9 

93,3 
93,3 

36% 
36% 

14,4 
14,4 

53,2 
53,2 

2 1% 
2 1% 

127,9 
127,9 

64% 
64% 

54.7 
54.7 

95,8 
95,8 

48% 
48% 

2,0 
2,0 

16,6 
16,6 

14,3 
14,3 

113,5 
113,5 

0,4 
0,4 

33,7 
33,7 

24,9 
24,9 

29,3 
29,3 

40,1 
40,1 

8,9 
8,9 

25,5 
25,5 

5,4 
5,4 

35,5 
35,5 

29,8 
29,8 

29,7 
29,7 

1,0 
1,0 

6,6 
6,6 

5,7 
5,7 

43,0 
43,0 

0,2 
0,2 

18,8 
18,8 

7,7 
7,7 

15,6 
15,6 

18,8 
18,8 

4,4 
4,4 

8,6 
8,6 

2,2 
2,2 

18,0 
18,0 

17,6 
17,6 

13,9 
13,9 

409,5 
409,5 

182,2 
182,2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

2,0 
2,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,5 
0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,6 
0,6 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

3,2 
3,2 

1,0 
1,0 

100% 
100% 

6,6 
6,6 

5,7 
5,7 

8,1 
8,1 

0,2 
0,2 

18,8 
18,8 

6,7 
6,7 

15,6 
15,6 

18,8 
18,8 

4,2 
4.2 

8,6 
8,6 

1,9 
1,9 
18,0 
18,0 

15,6 
15,6 

13,9 
13,9 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

19% 
19% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

87% 
87% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

96% 
96% 

100% 
100% 

87% 
87% 

100% 
100% 

88% 
88% 

100% 
100% 

0.0 
0.0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1,5 
1,5 

0,1 
0,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,2 
0,2 

1.5 
1.5 

1.0 
1.0 

1.3 
1.3 

1.5 
1.5 

6,6 
6,6 

143,7 
143,7 

7 9% 
7 9% 

13,9 
13,9 

0,4 
0,4 

2,0 
2,0 

1,7 
1,7 

4,6 
4,6 

0,2 
0,2 

11,3 
11,3 

2.0 
2.0 

4,7 
4,7 

5,7 
5,7 

1,3 
1,3 

4,1 
4,1 

1.6 
1.6 

6.7 
6.7 

10,2 
10,2 

.10,8 
.10,8 

66,9 
66,9 

40% 
40% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

1 1% 
1 1% 

80% 
80% 

60% 
60% 

26% 
26% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

29% 
29% 

47% 
47% 

69% 
69% 

37% 
37% 

58% 
58% 

77% 
77% 

37% 
37% 

62,0 
62,0 

23,0 
23,0 

-0,2 
-0,2 

23,0 
23,0 

100% 
100% 

5,8 
5,8 

7,7 
7,7 

34% 
34% 

0.3 
0.3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

0,9 
0,9 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,2 
0,2 

1.7 
1.7 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

3,7 
3,7 

0,3 
0,3 

0,9 
0,9 
14,9 
14,9 

4.9 
4.9 

3,2 
3,2 

1,6 
1,6 

1.8 
1.8 

7,1 
7,1 

16,3 
16,3 

1,0 
1,0 

1,2 
1,2 

18,7 
18,7 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

WwMtftfi 
WwMtftfi 
0,1 
0,1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

2.2 
2.2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

3,6 
3,6 

3,7 
3,7 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1.1 
1.1 

0,1 
0,1 
0,4 
0.4 

4,5 
4,5 

3,6 
3,6 

1,2 
1,2 

0,8 
0,8 

0,9 
0,9 

5,7 
5,7 

8,1 
8,1 
0,5 
0,5 

0,4 
0,4 

5,9 
5,9 

40% 
40% 

50% 
50% 

30% 
30% 

75% 
75% 

36% 
36% 

49% 
49% 

50% 
50% 

80% 
80% 

50% 
50% 

49% 
49% 

30% 
30% 

3 1% 
3 1% 

0,6 
0,6 

1.8 
1.8 

20,9 
20,9 

9,7 
9,7 

6,4 
6,4 

3,1 
3,1 

3,6 
3,6 

17,8 
17,8 

43,0 
43,0 

9,3 
9,3 

3,5 
3,5 

36,0 
36,0 

0,3 
0,3 

0,9 
0,9 

14,9 
14,9 

4,9 
4,9 

3,2 
3,2 

1,6 
1,6 

1,8 
1,8 

7,1 
7,1 

16,3 
16,3 

1,0 
1,0 

1.2 
1.2 

18,7 
18,7 

187 

mfoatJve 
(year of adoption} 

Td&tc&t 

:  s.  fund* 
:  contrib. 
to 

Convnitmerrts 

1 9 97 

: Commttrfteftt-
199447 
1» 

% 

Payments 
1997 

Payment* 

% 

1 9 9 4 ^7 

(3) 

Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

Sachsen(1995) 

Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 

Thûringen  (1995) 

Total 
îi&iâhiiii^^ 
Brandenburg  (1996) 

Niedersachsen  (1995) 

Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

Saarland  (1995) 

Sachsen(1995) 

Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 

Thûringen  (1995) 

Total 
Konver 
Baden-Wûrttemberg  (1996) 

Brandenburg  (1996) 

Sachsen(1996) 

Bayem  (1995) 

Berlin  (1995) 

Bremen  (1995) 

Hamburg  (1995) 

Hessen  (1995) 

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern  (1995) 

Niedersachsen  (1995) 

Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

Rheinland-P1alz(1995) 

Saarland  (1995) 

Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 

Schleswig-Holstein  (1995) 

Thûringen  (1995) 

Total 
I R e ï W^ 
Brandenburg  (1996) 

Bayem  (1995) 

Bremen  (1995) 

Niedersachsen  (1995) 

Nordrhein-Westfalen  (1995) 

Saarland  (1995) 

Sachsen(1995) 

Sachsen-Anhalt  (1995) 

Thûringen  (1995) 

Total 

itâà^^ 
Brandenburg  (1996) 

Niedersachsen  (1995) 

Sachsen(1995) 

Thûringen  (1995) 

Baden-Wûrttemberg  (1993) 

Bayem  (1993) 

Hessen  (1993) 

Nordrhein-Westlalen  (1993) 

Total 

iiiirfciiiS 
Sachsen  (Zwickau)  (1997) 

Schleswig-Holstein  (Kiel)  (1997) 

Halle  (1996) 

Saarbrûcken(1996) 

Berlin  (1995) 

Brandenburg  (1995) 

Bremen  (1995) 

Chemnitz  (1995) 

Duisburg(1995) 

Erfurt  (1995) 

Magdeburg  (1995) 

Rostock  (1995) 

Total 

TOTAL 

Intetrtg/ReûAn 

32,7 

101,6 

65,2 

63,7 

419,0 

49,3 

3,4 

299,2 

29,5 

59,0 

34,1 

14,8 

8,1 

43,7 

35,8 

29,7 

189,1 

30,3 

1.7 

74,8 

8,3 

34,1 

22,0 

7,4 

.  489,3 

178,5 

51,7 

,53,9 

69,2 

39,4 

26,4 

28,4 

3,4 

67,8 

57,2 

43,8 

45,6 

37,5 

9,5 

29,5 

29,8 

60,7 

12,7 

37,1 

43,5 

17,3 

17,5 

6,4 

1.7 

16,7 

33,7 

17,2 

20,3 

18,1 

1,2 

19,3 

8,9 

30,8 

653,8 

302,5 

42,4 

13,2 

6,7 

53,3 

420,1 

46,8 

37,4 

8,3 

11,2 

26,2 

5,9 

3,3 

17,1 

112,2 

12,9 

16,1 

5,4 

7,4 

639,3 

206,6 

6,0 

5,0 

108,6 

44,6 

24,5 

141,6 

7,6 

3,7 

3,3 

1,8 

46,0 

10,9 

2,1 

9,9 

1.9 
1,6 

341,6 

77,4 

19,7 

15,0 

5,2 

22,6 

31,5 

9,6 

16,7 

14,5 

18,7 

17,5 

20,1 

16,3 

9,8 

7,1 

2,7 

8,0 

16,4 

7.2 

8,2 

9,4 

8,1 

13,2 

12,9 

12,2 

0,2 

8,5 

0,7 

0,6 

16,9 

0,0 

0,0 

15,8 

3,5 

4,3 

4,4 

2,4 

30,4 

0,0 

0,0 

0,3 

4,6 

5,8 

1,9 
0,5 

4,0 

14,2 

4,3 

3,8 

4,2 

0,0 

8,2 

0,0 

11,3 
63,2 

0,0 

0,5 

0,1 

0.0 

31,6 

3,5 

1.2 
0,4 

1.3 

38,7 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

1,3 

0,0 

1,0 

1.3 
0,3 

4,1 

9.8 

7,1 

0,0 

2,4 

0,3 

0,0 

0,2 

0,2 

0,0 

0,3 

3,7 

0,2 

8,1 

14,5 

35,8 

29,6 

100% 

33% 

100% 

100% 

0,1 

6,8 

0,0 

5,1 

159,8 

84% 

22,8 

30,3 

1.7 

45,4 

8,0 

34,1 

22,0 

7,4 

100% 

100% 

6 1% 

9 7% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

31,4 

1,1 
0,0 

1,4 

3,4 

148,9 

83% 

37,3 

12,7 

37,1 

25,4 

17,3 

17,5 

6,4 

1.7 

16,7 

33,7 

17,2 

18,7 

18,1 

1,2 

19,3 

8,9 

100% 

100% 

58% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

92% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

30,8 

100% 

0,0 

3,3 

3,0 

1,5 

2,9 

2,9 

0,1 

7,0 

17,2 

0,0 

0,0 

5,2 

0,0 

0,0 

1,9 

0,0 

4,0 

11,4 

17,6 

14,8 

79,9 

15,1 

0,8 

37,0 

3,3 

14,9 

10,2 

5,9 

87,3 

6,3 

21,9 

15,6 

7,9 

8,7 

5,1 

0,5 

13,3 

27,0 

6,4 

7,5 

12,2 

0,6 

5,6 

6,3 

9,7 

282,8 

9 3% 

45,2 

154,7 

26,2 

5,9 

3,3 

17,1 

43,3 

12,9 

16,1 

5,4 

7,4 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

39% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

0,0 

1,4 

0,0 

0,0 

18,2 

0,0 

0,0 

0,2 

2,9 

13,1 

4,1 

1,6 

8,5 

26,6 

4,7 

7,4 

2,7 

6,0 

137,7 

6 7% 

22,7 

74,7 

3,3 

1,8 

5,0 

10,9 

2,1 

9,9 

1.9 

1.6 

100% 

100% 

1 1% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

36,4 

47% 

9,8 

7,1 

2,7 

8,0 

16,4 

7,2 

8,2 

9,4 

8,1 

13,2 

12,9 

12,2 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

3,5 

0,0 

3,1 

0,0 

0,3 

6,9 

4,9 

3,6 

0,0 

0,7 

0,1 

0,0 

0,0 

0,4 

0,0 

0,1 

1,9 
0,0 

1,6 

0,9 

2,5 

8,3 

1,1 
7,9 

0,4 

1.0 

23,8 

4,9 

3,6 

1,4 
2,4 

5,6 

2,4 

4,0 

3,4 

2,4 

4,0 

6,4 

5,6 

207,3 

115,2 

4.148,6 

1.732,2 

24,2 

276,0 

115,2 

100% 

1.268,7,  7 3% 

11,6 

235,3 

46,1 

690,1 

50% 

26% 

49% 

50% 

4 2% 

50% 

49% 

49% 

4 1% 

.  4 4% 

46% 

80% 

49% 

50% 

59% 

36% 

46% 

50% 

80% 

30% 

80% 

80% 

37% 

37% 

67% 

50% 

29% 

7 1% 

32% 

5 1% 

50% 

68% 

49% 

50% 

24% 

36% 

46% 

50% 

80% 

36% 

50% 

49% 

5% 

76% 

55% 

80% 

23% 

62% 

3 1% 

50% 

50% 

50% 

30% 

34% 

34% 

49% 

36% 

30% 

30% 

50% 

46% 

40% 

40% 

Belgique/BelgiôVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 

Nederiand:  Rhine-Meuse  (1997) 

426,7 

137,1 

Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi  Finland/Sverige:  Baltic  Sea 

(1997) 

47,5 

25,0 

15,5 

25,0 

15,5 

1 1% 

0,0 

0,0 

0% 

25,0 

100% 

12,5 

12,5 

50% 

188 

mfuative 

(year of adoption) 

Total cost 

S. Funds 
contrib. 
(1) 

Commitmem-
1997 

: Commftmettts 
1994-97 

Payments 
1997 

Payments 
199447 

% 

(3) 

Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia  Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastern European Space (1997) 
United KingdonVDanmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Deutschland/ôsterreich (1996) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: FynsAmt/K.E.R.N  (1995) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: Sonder-Jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschiand: Storstrom/Ostholstein/LQbeck 
(1995) 
(1995) 

Deutschland/'France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saarland/ Lorraine 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 

Deutschland/Nederland/Belgique/België: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 

Deutschland/Poland/Czech Republic:  Sachsen (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Brandenburg (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Deutschland/Czech Republic:  Bayern (1995) 
Deutschland/Suisse: Bodensee (1995) 
France/Deutschlarid: PAMINA (1995) 

36,8 

30,3 
56,3 
3,6 

22.2 

10,4 
51,4 

46,5 
30,9 

71,9 
62,7 
53,6 
12,8 
23,2 

220,0 
110,7 
84,1 
42,2 
13,8 
22,1 

20,9 

14,5 
24,6 
1,8 

11,1 

5,2 
25,2 

23,3 
8,0 

35,7 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11,5 

149,4 
73,5 
63,1 
16,8 
6,9 
11,1 

20,9 

14,5 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 

0,0 
-0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
0,0 

32,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,0 

20,9 

100% 

10,5 

10,5 

50% 

14,5 
24,6 
1,8 

100% 
100% 
100% 

11,1 

100% 

5,2 
22,9 

100% 
9 1% 

23,3 
8,0 

100% 
100% 

33,5 
22,5 
19,8 
6,4 
11,5 

52,1 
10,5 
8,8 
16,8 
6,9 
11.1 

94% 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 

35% 
14% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0,0 
3,5 
0,0 

0,0 

0,0 
0,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 

24,5 
0,8 
0,0 
3,0 
0.4 
0,3 

0,0 
10,9 
0,5 

0% 
44% 
30% 

3,3 

30% 

1,6 
7,4 

7,2 
2,4 

10,0 
6,7 
6.6 
1,9 
3,7 

34,3 
5,8 
4,4 
8,4 
3,4 
3,3 

ELLAS 

n 
Programme* 
(year of adoption) 

O b j M W *i 
Regional OPs 
OPAttiki(1994) 
OPKriti(1994) 
OP Voreio Aigaio (1994) 
OP Notio Aigaio (1994) 
OP Epiros (1994) 
OPStereaEllada(1994) 
OPDitikiEllada(1994) 
OP Ionia Nisia (1994) 
OP Kentriki Makedonia (1994) 
OP Ditiki Makedom'a (1994) 
OP Makedonia - Thraki (1994) 
OP Peloponnisos (1994) 
OPThessalia(1994) 
Multiregional OPs 
GG Industry (1997) 
OP Technical assistance (1996) 
OP Culture-tourism (1995) 
OP Postal services (1995) 
OP Telecommunications  (1995) 
OP Agriculture (1994) 
OP Railways (1994) 
OP Urban development  (Underground) (1994) 
OP Education and initial training (1994) 
OP Energy (1994) 
OP Environnement  (1994) 
OP Social exclusion (1994) 
OP Public administration (1994) 
OP Continuous training (1994) 
OP Natural gas (1994) 
OP Industry and services (1994) 
OP Fisheries - Aquaculture (1994) 
OP Research - Technology (1994) 
OP Roads - Ports - Airports (1994) 
OP Health - Prevention (1994) 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 

Adapt 
Ellada(1995) 

Emptoyment 
Ellada(1994) 

Total cost  :. &. Funds 
contrib, 
m 

Commitments 
1ÔÔ7 

Commitments 
19944(7 

% 

Payments 
: 
1997 

E2WH 

Payments 
1994417 
. _*__ . 

975,1 
435,3 
327,9 
380,0 
344,9 
623,0 
514,2 
273,9 
816,9 
341,5 
689,0 
440,2 
568,0 

685,7 
312,3 
210,2 
224,1 
236,5 
371,8 
310,7 
170,7 
588,5 
244,0 
494,3 
286,0 
375,8 

188,9 
96,9 
31,8 
35,3 
61,2 
58,4 
80,7 
26,5 
17,7 
50,2 
77,0 
45,2 
113,2 

491,0 
237,4 
121,7 
135,0 
186,3 
215,1 
214,6 
101,7 
354,1 
146,7 
296,8 
137,0 
296,1 

30,0 
84,8 
797,7 
117,1 
383,8 
2.882,7 
548,0 
1.566,0 
1.881,7 
1.116,0 
515,0 
328,0 
305,4 
1.283,0 
825,4 
2.778,9 
314,1 
560,2 
2.542,4 
339,0 
0,7 
25.929,7 

15,0 
67,3 
229,1 
78,0 
203,7 
1.287,4 
329,1 
783,0 
1.411,3 
358,5 
376,7 
246,0 
168,6 
756,0 
354,6 
705,0 
151,8 
316,2 
1.327,4 
226,4 
0,7 
13.902,3 
;  4L Funds : 
i  contrib, 
m 

15,0 
2.0 
0,0 
0,0 
75,8 
232,0 
0,0 
183,5 
139,0 
66,8 
0,0 
.  51,7 
19,2 
124,4 
47,9 
108,5 
29,7 
28,5 
360,0 
0,0 
0,7 
2.367,8 
Commitments 
1997 

15,0 
15,5 
74,0 
10,8 
165,1 
976,8 
223,5 
657,0 
534,8 
279,3 
157,5 
120,4 
67,4 
437,9 
249,6 
290,7 
72,5 
155,7 
1.000,4 
57,3 
0,7 
8.495,4 
: Connu ttitisii—» 
«994*7 

72% 
76% 
58% 
60% 
79% 
58% 
69% 
60% 
60% 
60% 
60% 
48% 
79% 

100% 
23% 
32% 
14% 
81% 
76% 
68% 
84% 
38% 
78% 
42% 
49% 
40% 
58% 
70% 
41% 
48% 
49% 
75% 
25% 
100% 
61% 

129,3 
48,3 
29,6 
33,4 
39,7 
27,5 
32,5 
8,4 
58,4 
32,9 
80,4 
7.4 
68,0 

408,5 
167,8 
107,1 
109,5 
144,1 
148,9 
129,8 
64,7 
278,8 
108,6 
247,3 
86,7 
199,9 

1.1 
7,3 
16,4 
0,0 
46,4 
216,0 
0,0 
81,6 
165,3 
64,7 
49,7 
19,7 
16.5 
98,1 
84,2 
87,7 
31,7 
36,6 
73,5 
0,0 
0,0 
1.692,1 
Payments: 
.1997 

1,1 
14,0 
59,1 
5,4 
110,3 
818,8 
120,9 
433,7 
417,5 
254,0 
126,9 
59,9 
51,8 
350,0 
179,1 
231,6 
58,5 
127,6 
438,2 
35,1 
0,0 
6.095,2 
Payments 
1994*7 
(*) 

| 

( 

49.7| 

33,5| 

2,5| 

29.9| 

89%| 

6.5| 

14.9J 

45% 

104,7| 

70,7| 

189 

15,8| 

28,4| 

? 
4 0% | 

11.7| 

18.0| 

25% 

itam 

initiative 
{year of adoption} 

^cSkcost 

30% 
29% 

31% 
30% 

28% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 

23% 
8% 
7% 
50% 
49% 
30% 

60% 
54% 
51% 
49% 
61% 
40% 
42% 
38% 
47% 
44% 
50% 
30% 
53% 

7% 
21% 
26% 
7% 
54% 
64% 
37% 
55% 
30% 
71% 
34% 
24% 
31% 
46% 
50% 
33% 
39% 
40% 
33% 
16% 
0% 
44% 

mrtiafjve 

(year of adoption) 

Tata* «as*  i  5, Fund* 
:  contrib. 
to 

Commitment*  Commftmants 

% 

Payments  Payment* 

1997 

1SS4-97 

1997 

1 9 9 4 *7 

Jffln 

m 

* 
mn 

263,6] 

148,0 

56,8) 

31,1 

156,91 

83,3 

4,11 

3,1 

20,3| 

12,9 

8,9| 

4,7 

145.3] 

87,5 

67,2 

877,4 

45,2 

520,0 

304,9 

169,2 

36,8 

494,9 

189,4 

20.9 

314,0 

75,8 

0,0| 

3,8] 

0,0| 

1,4] 

1,4| 

0,0] 

0,o| 

0,0 

24,9 

39,9 

20,9 

41,6 

0,0 

80,5 

22.6J 

15% 

3,5| 

14,8| 

1 0% 

30.6J 

98% 

10,4| 

13,0|  4 2% 

28,8)  3 5% 

v 

0,of 

14,4|  1 7% 

2,9|  9 5% 

0,7) 

1,5| 

4 8% 

12,9[  100% 

0 j| 

6,5| 

4,7|  100%j 

0,0| 

2.3J 

5 0% 
» 

50% 

61,0] 

70%) 

11,7f 

48.4|  5 5% 

5,6 

227,4 

12% 

4 4% 

0,0 

45,2 

2,3 

136,0 

5% 

2 6% 

39,9 

2 4% 

19,9 

19,9 

12% 

20,9 

100% 

107,9 

22,0 

3 4% 

29% 

10,5 

47,4 

0,0 

10,5 

96,4 

11,0 

5 0% 

3 1% 

15% 

183,7 

100% 

79,4 

161,9 

88% 

Irttettéû/R  _**t 

Ellada/ltalia:  Ipros,  Ionia  Nisia, Dutiki  Eliada  and  Puglia 
(1997) 

Ôsterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia:  Central,  Adriatic, 
Danubian  and  South-Eastern  European  Space  (1997) 

Ellada/Albania/Bulgaria  (1995) 

Ellada/ltalia  (REGEN  Electricity)  (1995) 

Eliada:  Completion  of energy  networks  (REGEN)  (1995) 

459,2 

183,7 

Programmas 
(year ot adaption} 

Tot** cost  &. Funds 
contrib, 

Commitments 

Commitment» 

1997 

1994*7 

%  Payments 
; 

1 9 97 

Payments 

1 9 9 4 *7 

m 

<2J 

tMikâat 

Eliada  (1995) 

Pesca 

Eliada  (1994) 

SMEs. 

Eliada  (1995) 

Rechar 

Eliada  (1995) 

KomfK 
Eliada  (1995) 

Résider 

Eliada  (1995) 
***** 
Eliada  (1993) 

Urfaaa 

Eliada  (1995) 

TOTAL 

ESPANA 

Qbjeettvsel 

Regional  OPs 

GG  Castilla  y  Leon  (1997) 

MP  Main drain, Santander  Bay  (1997) 

MP  Cartagena-Puertdlona  oil  pipeline(1997) 

GG  Castilla-La  Mancha  (1) (1996) 

OP  Ceuta  and  Melilla (2) (1996) 

OP  Commerce  and tourism (2) (1996) 

MP  Gibraltar-Cordoba gas  pipeline  (1996) 

MP  Natural  gas installation, Huelva  (1996) 

QGAndaluci'a(1995) 

O P A n d a l u c f a ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 5) 

OP  Cantabria (2) (1995) 

GG  Salamanca  (1995) 

GG  Sodical  (Castilla  y Leôn)  (1995) 

O P A n d a l u c f a ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OPAndaluci'a(2)(1994) 

O P A s t u r i a s ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P A s t u r i a s ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Asturias  (3) (1994) 

OP  Canarias  (1 ) (1994) 

O P C a n a r i a s ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Canarias  (3) (1994) 

OP  Castilla-La  Mancha  (1 ) (1994) 

OP  Castilla-La  Mancha  (2) (1994) 

OP  Castilla-La  Mancha  (3) (1994) 

OP  Castilla y Leon(1)  (1994) 

OP  Castilla y Leon (2) (1994) 

OP  Castilla y Leôn (3) (1994) 

OP  Ceuta  (1)  (1994) 

OP  Doftana  Phase 2 (4) (1994) 

OP  Extremadura  (1 ) (1994) 

OP  Extremadura  (2) (1994) 

OP  Extremadura  (3) (1994) 

O P G a l i c i a ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P G a l i d ' a ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P G a l i r i a ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Melilla  (1994) 

(1 ) Single fund OP: ERDF 

(2) Single fund OP: ESF 

(3) Single fund OP: EAGGF 

(4) Including appropriations under heading B2-1820 

352,8 

25,3 

161,2 

41,4 

16,3 

41,9 

298,5 

27,4 

1.894,5 

575,3 

12,0 

39,1 

43,1 

56,2 

17,7 

62,9 

6,5 

13,1 

31,4 

99,0 

7,3 

223.9 

342,0 

9,0 

12,9 

6,5 

6.727,8 

2.991,6 

440,4 

1.410,8 

42,6 

116,5 

1.179,4 

218,2 

201,4 

2.010,4 

47,5 

628,5 

330,3 

809,2 

32,1 

81,1 

694,7 

185,4 

92,7 

936,6 

35,6 

288,4 

2.752,3 

1.612,6 

174,1 

746,3 

70,9 

225,5 

130,6 

381,1 

47,4 

146,6 

1.603,2 

1.019,8 

211,2 

299,8 

168,9 

169,8 

2.537,5 

1.576,4 

242,0 

464,1 

82,4 

181,5 

303,5 

42,1 

190 

4,7 

4,4 

17,7 

1.7 

0,0 

10,7 

0,0 

0,0 

4,2 

48,7 

1.2 

0,0 

0,0 

740,6 

68,0 

0,0 

5,2 

12,8 

131,6 

66,1 

19,8 

285,0 

5,2 

34,7 

363,8 

13,1 

112,6 

7,3 

0,0 

233,0 

37,5 

29,3 

27,6 

26,9 

100,3 

0,0 

4,7 

4,4 

17,7 

3,2 

13,1 

31,4 

89,8 

8% 

25% 

28% 

50% 

100% 

100% 

9 1% 

7,3 

100% 

106,8 

182,2 

2,6 

6,3 

3,6 

2.388,2 

204,6 

516,0 

21,0 

54,2 

637,2 

120,9 

59,3 

799,0 

23,3 

157,9 

1.148,1 

77,4 

284,2 

42,7 

58,1 

605,1 

104,6 

101,5 

1.130,3 

105,1 

242,3 

28,1 

48% 

53% 

29% 

49% 

55% 

8 0% 

6 2% 

64% 

65% 

6 7% 

92% 

65% 

6 4% 

85% 

65% 

55% 

7 1% 

59% 

75% 

9 0% 

4 0% 

59% 

62% 

6 0% 

72% 

58% 

8 0% 

6 7% 

m 

0,0 

2,2 

0,0 

2,1 

10,4 

15,7 

71,8 

7,3 

85,0 

166,3 

0,7 

5,0 

3,3 

1.678.2 

153,0 

450,8 

18,4 

51,5 

478,2 

103,7 

54,9 

573,3 

20,1 

137,4 

890,0 

49,8 

200,4 

39,8 

46,4 

340,9 

75,1 

89,1 

0,0 

2,2 

0,0 

1,3 

6,5 

5,4 

0,0 

1,5 

30,7 

55,9 

0,0 

0,0 

1,5 

691,6 

47,6 

168,5 

5,1 

14,0 

135,9 

76,3 

18,8 

198,8 

5,8 

41,9 

341,9 

6,8 

53,3 

8,6 

0,0 

70,8 

31,2 

28,2 

246,7 

1.023,6 

22,5 

43,6 

6,1 

83,5 

175,0 

19,5 

0% 

12% 

0% 

33% 

8 0% 

5 0% 

7 3% 

100% 

3 8% 

4 9% 

8% 

39% 

5 1% 

56% 

46% 

56% 

5 7% 

63% 

69% 

56% 

0,6 

6 1% 

5 7% 

48% 

55% 

38% 

53% 

8 4% 

3 2% 

3 3% 

4 4% 

5 2% 

6 5% 

4 6% 

58% 

4 6% 

Programmas 

(year  of  adoption) 

G G M u r d a ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P M u r d a ( 1 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P M u r d a ( 2 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

O P M u r d a ( 3 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Multiregional  Cantabria  (1 ) (1994) 

OP  Multiregional  Cantabria  (3)  (1994) 

OP  Regional  Cantabria  (1)  (1994) 

OP  Comunidad  Valendana  (1 )  (1994) 

OP  Comunidad  Valendana  (2)  (1994) 

OP  Comunidad  Valenciana  (3)  (1994) 

Multiregional  OPs 

OP  Updating  d  statistical  data  (1996) 

OP  Technical  assistance^  )  (1996) 

OP  Rural  development  (1996) 

MP  Valencia-Cartagena  gas  ppeline  (1996) 

G G I D A E ( 1 9 9 6) 

O P P I T M A I I ( 5 ) ( 1 9 9 6) 

OP Technical  assistance(3)  (1995) 

GG  Chamber  of  commerce  (1995) 

OP  Regional  aids  ( 1994 ) 

GG  SMEs  competitiveness  (1994) 

OP  Local  environment  (1994) 

O P F O R C E M ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Food  industry  (1994) 

O P I N E M ( 6 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Sdentific  infrastrudure  (1994) 

OP  Local  (1994) 

OP  Ministry  of  Education  (1994) 

OP  Ministries  (1994) 

OP  Independent  bodies  (1994) 

OPFisheries(1994) 

GG  Industrial  technology  (1994) 

Technical  assistance 

Total 

i Q b i l ç^ 

Regional  OPs 

OP  Aragon  1997-99  (1997) 

OP  Baléares  1997-99  (1997) 

OP  CataluPia  1997-99  (1997) 

OP  La  Rioja  1997-99  (1997) 

OP  Navarra  1997-99  (1997) 

OP  Aragon  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  Baléares  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  Catalufta  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  La  Rioja  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  Madrid  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  Navarra  1994-96  (1995) 

OP  Pais  Vasco  1994-96  (1995) 

Multiregional  OP 

Multiregional  OP  1994-96  (2)  (1995) 

Total 
iCiïiiSëwfë^ 
Regional  OPs 

OP Aragon  (1994) 

OP  Baléares  (1994) 

OPCataluna(1994) 

OP La  Rioja  (1994) 

OP  Madrid  (1994) 

OP  Navarra  (1994) 

OP  Pais  Vasco  (1994) 

Multiregional  OPs 

OP  Various  bodies  (1994) 

O P I N E M ( 6 ) ( 1 9 9 4) 

Multiregional  OP  (1994) 

OP  Universities  (1994) 

Total 
a ô ï i â i^ 
SPD  Espafia  (1994) 

Technical  assistance 

Total cost 

5 , F u n d* 

Commltmaftt* 

C^mmftmaats 

Payments 

Payment* 

% 

1997 

1 9 9 4 *7 

1997 

52.254,8 

25.705,6 

4.702,5 

17.689,8 

69% 

4.193,6 

13.597,3 

17,1 

107,1 

6,6 

9,0 

0,0 

.  13,8 

51,0 

0,0 

45,3 

40,4 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

16,4 

2,0 

4,5 

111,2 

0,0 

265,0 

38,0 

354,0 

407,5 

60,9 

218,9 

236,9 

9,0 

60,5 

183,1 

30,0 

0,5 

42,7 

335,8 

24,5 

34,5 

247,7 

30,8 

66,0 

936,4 

226,6 

95,3 

20,1 

8,0 

41,4 

23,8 

23,7 

24,0 

4,0 

5,6 

331,4 

102,7 

361,8 

176,8 

1.012,9 

1.747,9 

256,9 

412,4 

802,6 

28,9 

153,2 

645,8 

82,8 

54% 

69% 

54% 

62% 

72% 

57% 

63% 

78% 

72% 

92% 

34% 

40% 

15% 

100% 

20% 

40% 

29% 

29% 

86% 

43% 

62% 

67% 

82% 

67% 

75% 

7 1% 

55% 

53% 

58% 

64% 

58% 

0,8 

100% 

1 9 9 4 *7 
m 

31.5 

229,2 

19,8 

30,5 

8,6 

32,6 

7,9 

7,2 

103,7 

225,1 

7,9 

46,9 

98,9 

41,2 

24,2 

0,0 

2,4 

0,0 

0,0 

18,9 

6,1 

2,6 

2,6 

117,3 

0,0 

98,8 

72,9 

186,9 

285,6 

75,5 

136,6 

161,1 

8,2 

61,1 

193,7 

15,0 

0,3 

18,2 

54,4 

722,6 

188,2 

75,7 

10,0 

6,4 

20,7 

19,0 

18,9 

6,1 

3,6 

3,2 

309,1 

77,5 

147,2 

142,3 

712,4 

1.538,5 

184,0 

262,4 

688,7 

21,5 

112,9 

532,4 

62,5 

0,3 

23,7 

12,6 

181,7 

15,7 

25,4 

-7,2 

-0,6 

0,0 

-0,7 

0,0 

-1,4 

-11,4 

-10,6 

227,1 

0,0 

0,0 

12,8 

0,0 

0,0 

7,3 

19,4 

-3,3 

119,0 

81,7 

14,5 

251,4 

47,0 

0,0 

47,0 

23,7 

12,6 

181,7 

15,7 

25,4 

45,6 

9,5 

448,2 

23% 

85% 

26% 

89% 

100% 

113% 

110% 

100% 

10,7 

126% 

128,3 

105% 

21,4 

311,6 

100% 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

12,7 

9,5 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

12,7 

33,1 

7,8 

104,1 

379,8 

-2,2 

0,3 

0,0 

6,9 

68,1 

16,7 

103,0 

281,7 

29,1 

100% 

1.263,5 

69% 

0,0 

227,4 

27,7 

834,6 

20,3 

12,9 

59,7 

4,3 

43,7 

31,1 

81,7 

100% 

100% 

63% 

100% 

39% 

73% 

65% 

30,7 

100% 

396,8 

184,1 

52,5 

917,9 

214,7 

0,2 

214,8 

63% 

55% 

58% 

6 1% 

58% 

99% 

68% 

3,5 

0,0 

16,8 

0,8 

1,2 

7,8 

20,1 

2,2 

83,7 

57,1 

15,2 

208,3 

81,3 

0,0 

81,3 

8,9 

3,0 

48,7 

1,6 

33,4 

27,7 

66,2 

7,0 

339,4 

150,7 

36,4 

725,0 

157,1 

0,2 

157,3 

mn 

40% 

47% 

44% 

55% 

66% 

33% 

52% 

60% 

60% 

73% 

17% 

32% 

8% 

8 0% 

16% 

10% 

26% 

16% 

80% 

32% 

25% 

54% 

58% 

59% 

54% 

45% 

47% 

40% 

43% 

52% 

44% 

43% 

53% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

0% 

50% 

82% 

90% 

85% 

8 1% 

56% 

78% 

90% 

95% 

45% 

4 4% 

23% 

5 1% 

38% 

30% 

65% 

53% 

23% 

5 4% 

45% 

42% 

4 9% 

43% 

99% 

43% 

contrib. 
to 

79,2 

467,3 

45,1 

55,6 

343,0 

54,3 

105,0 

518,0 

767,3 

60,1 

127,3 

536,6 

110,8 

158,6 

3.691,7 

1.207,9 

418,4 

274,2 

79,4 

26,7 

538,2 

60,7 

964,6 

623,7 

18,4 

37,0 

3 1 2 5 ,9 

344,9 

628,6 

447,6 

3 2 1 8 ,3 

3.475,2J 

479,4 

812,5 

313,8 

103,5 

59,6 

20,0 

275,4 

i 

23,8 

118,3 

59,7 

13,8 

19,2 

387,0 

241,5 

580,6 

262,5 

1.230,5 

2.606,4 

342,2 

580,6 

1.953,6 

1.465,2 

72,2 

352,5 

54,2 

264,4 

1.697,0 

1  015,5 

472,6 

0,8 

143,2 

0,8 

478,0 

68,3 

3  440,0 

132,0 

136,3 

148,7 

57,6 

4.665,3 

64,9 

314,7 

102,6 

1  889,0 

105,2 

14,8 

688,9 

17,6 

25,4 

40,5 

8,7 

448,2 

8,5 

122,1 

21,4 

311,6 

64,7 

29,1 

11.562,2 

1.841,8 

45,1 

28,8 

210,3 

9,6 

250,2 

94,6 

279,2 

68,3 

1.393,2 

740,6 

201,2 

20,3 

12,9 

94,6 

4,3 

112,6 

42,6 

125,7 

30,7 

626,9 

333,3 

90,5 

3.321,1 

1.494,5 

1.045,0 

0,2 

368,6 

0,2 

368,8 

191 

Total 
(1 ) Single fund OP: ERDF 
(2) Single Fund OP: ESF 
(3) Single fund OP: EAGGF 
(5) Industrial and technological programme for the environment 
(6) National Employment  Institute 

1.045,1 

Proara*nm»* 
PfO^ratfnma* 
(yaar of adoption) 
(yaar of adoption) 

Total tost 
Total  t o t! 

$, funds 
$, funds 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 

C o m m l t m a n tt 
Commltroantt 

C o w m r t m * n ts 
ComrnKmaftta 

Payment* 
Payntants 

Payments 
Paymants 

* 
* 

1997 
1997 

1 9 9 4 47 
1 9 9 4 47 

1997 
1997 

, 
•  •  to 
•  •  &  • 

1 9 9 4 47 
1 9 9 4 47 
(a) 
(*) 

| 
| 

326,8 
326,8 

[  122,5 
[  122,5 

|  2 2 ,3 
|  2 2 ,3 

23,2 
23,2 

| 65,9 
| 65,9 

| 5 4% 
| 5 4% 

408,26 
408,26 

585,90 
585,90 

994,2 
994,2 

to 
to 

157,00 
157,00 

175,77 
175,77 

332,8 
332,8 
• 
• 

147,3 
147,3 

776,4 
776,4 

374,6 
374,6 

184,7 
184,7 

113,1 
113,1 

162,8 
162,8 

82,1 
82,1 

46,5 
46,5 

306,2 
306,2 

151,1 
151,1 

39,7 
39,7 

49,5 
49,5 

57,8 
57,8 

27,1 
27,1 

1.841,0 
1.841,0 

677,9 
677,9 

71.345,1 
71.345,1 

30.543,8 
30.543,8 

• ; T t f a » w M; 
• ; T 9 t a » w M; 

40,05 
40,05 

32,48 
32,48 

72,6 
72,6 

91,78 
91,78 

83,16 
83,16 

174,9 
174,9 

58% 
58% 

4 7% 
4 7% 

5 3% 
5 3% 

36,70 
36,70 

31,10 
31,10 

67,8 
67,8 

80,70 
80,70 

71,64 
71,64 

152,3 
152,3 

5 1% 
5 1% 

4 1% 
4 1% 

46% 
46% 

5,2 
5,2 

57,8 
57,8 

8,9 
8,9 

2,2 
2,2 

5,3 
5,3 

9,7 
9,7 

2,2 
2,2 

91,3 
91,3 

82,0 
82,0 

|  6 7% 
|  6 7% 

23,5 
23,5 

217,2 
217,2 

71,3 
71,3 

21,9 
21,9 

24,5 
24,5 

51,1 
51,1 

16,3 
16,3 

425,7 
425,7 

20.768,7 
20.768,7 

5 1% 
5 1% 

7 1% 
7 1% 

4 7% 
4 7% 

5 5% 
5 5% 

5 0% 
5 0% 

8 8% 
8 8% 

6 0% 
6 0% 

6 3% 
6 3% 

6 8% 
6 8% 

I 
I 
3,0 
3,0 

51,6 
51,6 

13,9 
13,9 

2,3 
2,3 

6,2 
6,2 

7,4 
7,4 

3,7 
3,7 

16,5 
16,5 

161,7 
161,7 

59,8 
59,8 

17,3 
17,3 

20,1 
20,1 

42,8 
42,8 

13,0 
13,0 

88,3 
88,3 

331,2 
331,2 

35% 
35% 

53% 
53% 

40% 
40% 

43% 
43% 

4 1% 
4 1% 

74% 
74% 

48% 
48% 

49% 
49% 

52% 
52% 

ism 
ism 

5.414,2 
5.414,2 
;©ojir^(trw»oi6ii: 
;©ojir^(trw»oi6ii: 

t i & f l l W I^ 
lil|99lSiill 
lil|99laill 
tiilillll 
tiilillll 

4.889,9 
4.889,9 
Payment* 
Payment* 

iMSi-l 

15.863,5 
15.863,5 
Paymants 
P»ymant* 
^ 9 9 * 4 7 :: 
^99447:: 

ttfejtctfvatN  agriculture 
iOfejtctfvatN agriculture 
Forecasts Espafia R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Forecasts  Espafia R.  2328/91  (1995) 
SPD  Espafia  R. 866 and 867/90  (1994) 
SPD  Espafia  R. 866 and 867/90  (1994) 

Total 
Total 
0*Jft#fv*a<a>f1sh*lM 
0*Jft#fv*a<a>f1sh*lM 
SPD  Espafia  (1994) 
SPD  Espafia  (1994) 

O t # * t i v * S { b> 
Obteetiv*${b> 

SPD  Baleares  (1995) 
SPD  Baleares  (1995) 

SPD  Aragon  (1994) 
SPD  Aragon  (1994) 

SPD  Catalufta  (1994) 
SPD  Catalufta  (1994) 

S P D L a R i o j a ( 1 9 9 4) 
S P D L a R i o j a ( 1 9 9 4) 

SPD  Madrid  (1994) 
SPD  Madrid  (1994) 

SPD  Navarra  (1994) 
SPD  Navarra  (1994) 

SPD  Pais  Vasco  (1994) 
SPD  Pais  Vasco  (1994) 

Total 
Total 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 

lillllllll^ 
| | | | | § | | | | | | | § |^ 

Adapt  ::-;:-:-•'• 
Adapt  ::-;:-:-•'• 
Espafia  (1995) 
Espafia  (1995) 
iJBSiiKSii^^i^il^sliilPIMiiglli^l 
iJBSiiKSii^^i^il^sliilPIMiiglli^l 
Espafia  (1994) 
Espafia  (1994) 
:!*#$i^iii^^ 
:!*#$i^iii^^ 
Andalucfa  (1995) 
Andalucfa  (1995) 

Aragon  (1995) 
Aragon  (1995) 

Asturias  (1995) 
Asturias  (1995) 

Baleares  (1995) 
Baleares  (1995) 

Canarias  (1995) 
Canarias  (1995) 

Cantabria  (1995) 
Cantabria  (1995) 

Castiliay  Leon  (1995) 
Castiliay  Leon  (1995) 

Castilla-La  Mancha  (1995) 
Castilla-La  Mancha  (1995) 

Catalufia(1995) 
Catalufla(1995) 

Comunidad  Valenciana  (1995) 
Comunidad  Valenciana  (1995) 

Extremadura  (1995) 
Extremadura  (1995) 

Galicia(1995) 
Galicia(1995) 

L a R i o j a ( 1 9 9 5) 
L a R i o j a ( 1 9 9 5) 

Madrid  (1995) 
Madrid  (1995) 

Murcia(1995) 
Murcia(1995) 

Navarra  (1995) 
Navarra  (1995) 

Pais  Vasco  (1995) 
Pais  Vasco  (1995) 

Total 
Total 
Pasca 
Pasca 
Espafia  (1994) 
Espafia  (1994) 
$MU 
$M6& 
Network 
Network 

IBEX  Leon-98  food  industry  (1997) 
IBEX  Leon-98  food  industry  (1997) 

Espafia  (1996) 
Espafia  (1996) 

Total 
Total 

Rtch ar  •'••'•'• 
Rtch ar  •'••'•'• 

Espafia(1996) 
Espafia  (1996) 
-mtamm^mmmm^m^^m^mm^MmimMm 
-mtamm^mmmm^m^^m^mm^MmimMm 
Canarias  (1995) 
Canarias  (1995) 

K o w ar ::::::•::•: 
: K o » « f' : : :: ::•::•:::::• 
Espafia  (1997) 
Espafia(1997) 
MBwiliMtz^^ 
:^iWiji£|:i::;::^ 
Espafia  (1996) 
Espafia  (1996) 

Rtt »x 
R9t *x 
Espafia  (1993) 
Espafia  (1993) 

:Uifftfcft:i:;W&^ 
WifftfcftffiWK^^ 
Espafia  (1995) 
Espafia  (1995) 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 

ijntijt^ifc^flfteiijiaitxiK 
:jfltijt^!ii(j|flfU>i(j!0i|S;x^ 

Espafia/Morocco  (1996) 
Espafia/Morocco  (1996) 

France/Espafia  (1996) 
France/Espafia  (1996) 

Espafta/Portugal  (1995) 
EspafteuPortugal  (1995) 

Espafia/Portugal  (Regen  natural  gas) (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal  (Regen  natural  gas) (1995) 

: - : : : i « r i ^ ( ^ :| 
: - : : : i « r i ^ ( ^ :| 

illiflif 
illiflif 

461,9 
461,9 

293,2 
293,2 

671,0 
671,0 

450,1 
450,1 

194,6 
194,6 

137,4 
137,4 

35,5 
35,5 

11,3 
11,3 

30,8 
30,8 

20,1 
20,1 

122,9 
122,9 

110,7 
110,7 

68,1 
68,1 

77,6 
77,6 

62,2 
62,2 

119,5 
119,5 

18,4 
18,4 

14,1 
14,1 

24,3 
24,3 

21,5 
21,5 

12,6 
12,6 

77,8 
77,8 

27,5 
27,5 

13,0 
13,0 

3,1 
3,1 
12,3 
12,3 

6,4 
6,4 

53,5 
53,5 

46,4 
46,4 

13,6 
13,6 

23,6 
23,6 

27,2 
27,2 

43,8 
43,8 

3,7 
3,7 

3,6 
3,6 

9,5 
9,5 

5,9 
5,9 

2,5 
2,5 

1.081,7 
1.081,7 

373,5 
373,5 

93,0 
93,0 

41,5 
41,5 

1,0 
1,0 

1.383,1 
1.383,1 

1.384,1 
1.384,1 

0,6 
0,6 

251.1 
251.1 

251,7 
251,7 

60,0 
60,0 

34,2 
34,2 

385,5 
385,5 

216,9 
216,9 

56,6 
56,6 

23,8 
23,8 

464,3 
464,3 

73,6 
73,6 

361,1 
361,1 

90,4 
90,4 

248,7 
248,7 

162,6 
162,6 

6.267,8 
6.267,8 

2.011,6 
2.011,6 

185,3 
185,3 

142,6 
142,6 

755,3 
755,3 

548,2 
548,2 

101,4 
101,4 

62,4 
62,4 

552,0 
552,0 

220,0 
220,0 

192 

57,4 
57,4 

52,8 
52,8 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

10,3 
10,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

20,1 
20,1 

0,0 
0,0 

8,3 
8,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

7,7 
7,7 

1,1 
1,1 
0,0 
0,0 

47,6 
47,6 

3,8 
3,8 

0,6 
0,6 

57,6 
57,6 

58,3 
58,3 

0,0 
0,0 

41,9 
41,9 

23,8 
23,8 

34,5 
34,5 

43,7 
43,7 

0,0 
0,0 

363,7 
363,7 

23,0 
23,0 

10,3 
10,3 

0,0 
0,0 

23,0 
23,0 

139,2 
139,2 

4 7% 
4 7% 

74,7 
74,7 

117,5 
117,5 

40% 
40% 

167,5 
167,5 

3 7% 
3 7% 

51,3 
51,3 

116,0 
116,0 

26% 
26% 

10,3 
10,3 

27,5 
27,5 

13,0 
13,0 

3,1 
3,1 

12,3 
12,3 

1.1 
1.1 
10,0 
10,0 

4,9 
4,9 

2,2 
2,2 

23,6 
23,6 

24,0 
24,0 

11,8 
11,8 

3,7 
3,7 

3,6 
3,6 

9,5 
9,5 

5,9 
5,9 

2,5 
2,5 

169,1 
169,1 

13% 
13% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

16% 
16% 

19% 
19% 

1 1% 
1 1% 

16% 
16% 

100% 
100% 

8 8% 
8 8% 

2 7% 
2 7% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

4 5% 
4 5% 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

2,7 
2,7 

0,0 
0,0 

2,9 
2,9 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

5,3 
5,3 

0,0 
0,0 

5,0 
5,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

2,0 
2,0 

0,3 
0,3 

0,0 
0,0 

5,2 
5,2 

8,2 
8,2 

3,9 
3,9 

1,2 
1.2 

3,7 
3,7 

0,5 
0,5 

7,9 
7,9 

2,5 
2,5 

1,1 
1,1 
7,1 
7,1 

7,2 
7,2 

6,8 
6,8 

1,1 
1,1 

1,1 
1,1 
2,9 
2,9 

1,8 
1,8 

0,7 
0,7 

18,2 
18,2 

62,9 
62,9 

7% 
7% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

40% 
40% 

30% 
30% 

8% 
8% 

15% 
15% 

-  5% 
-  5% 

8% 
8% 

30% 
30% 

27% 
27% 

15% 
15% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

17% 
17% 

10,7 
10,7 

2 6% 
2 6% 

1.9 
1.9 

5,4 
5,4 

13% 
13% 

0,6 
0,6 

100% 
100% 

92,9 
92,9 

93,5 
93,5 

3 7% 
3 7% 

3 7% 
3 7% 

0,3 
0,3 

56,7 
56,7 

66,9 
66,9 

0,3 
0,3 

74,3 
74,3 

74,6 
74,6 

40% 
40% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

32,7 
32,7 

9 5% 
9 5% 

9,8 
9,8 

26,1 
26,1 

76% 
76% 

117,3 
117,3 

5 4% 
5 4% 

26,5 
26,5 

86,4 
86,4 

40% 
40% 

23,8 
23,8 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0% 
0% 

42,1 
42,1 

5 7% 
5 7% 

29,9 
29,9 

33,7 
33,7 

46% 
46% 

82,2 
82,2 

9 1% 
9 1% 

18,5 
18,5 

52,7 
52,7 

58% 
58% 

56,0 
56,0 

934,3 
934,3 

37,1 
37,1 

19,1 
19,1 

240,2 
240,2 

216,4 
216,4 

3 4% 
3 4% 

4 6% 
4 6% 

3 7% 
3 7% 

3 1% 
3 1% 

4 4% 
4 4% 

9 8% 
9 8% 

10,2 
10,2 

298,0 
298,0 

22,6 
22,6 

7,2 
7,2 

50,5 
50,5 

17,8 
17,8 

44,3 
44,3 

619,5 
619,5 

29,7 
29,7 

11,7 
11,7 

154,4 
154,4 

180,3 
180,3 

27% 
27% 

3 1% 
3 1% 

29% 
29% 

19% 
19% 

28% 
28% 

82% 
82% 

SPD  Nord-Pas-de-Calais  1997-99  (1997) 

1.172,7 

FRANCE 

Programmas 

{year of adoption) 

Objective  1 

SPD  Avesnes-Douai-Valendennes  (1994) 

SPD Corse  (1994) 

SPD  Guadeloupe  (1994) 

SPD  Guyane  (1994) 

SPD  Martinique  (1994) 

SPD  Réunion  (1994) 

Technical  assistance 

Total 

Objective  2 

Regional  SPDs 

SPD  Alsace  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Aquitaine  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Auvergne  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Basse-Normande  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Bourgogne  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Bretagne  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Centre  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD Champagne-Ardenne  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Franche-Comté  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Haute-Normandie  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Languedoc-Roussillon  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Lorraine  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Midi-Pyrénées  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Pays-de-la-Ldre  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Picardie  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Pdtou-Charentes  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Provence-Alpes-Côte  d'Azur  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Rhône-Alpes  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Alsace  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Aquitaine  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD Auvergne  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Basse-Normandie  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Bourgogne  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Bretagne  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD Centre  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Champagne-Ardenne  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Franche-Comté  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Haute-Normandie  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Languedoc-Roussillon  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Lorraine  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Midi-Pyrénées  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Nord-Pas-de-Calais  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Pays-de-la-Ldre  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Picardie  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Pdtou-Charentes  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Provence-Alpes-Côte  d'Azur  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Rhône-Alpes  1994-96  (1994) 

Multiregional  SPDs 

SPD Technical  assistancel 997-99  (1997) 

Total 

Ofajvctfyv? 

SPD  France  (1994) 
:O b f c « h r *< 
SPD  France  (1994) 

Objectiva 5(a)  agriculture 

Forecasts  France  R  2328/91  (1995) 

SPD  France  R  866  and  867/90  (1995) 

Total 

Cfegaciry*  ^ f i s h e r i es 

SPD  France  (1994) 

Oto}etyre6(b) 

SPD Alsace  (1994) 

SPD Aquitaine  (1994) 

SPD  Auvergne  (1994) 

SPD  Basse-Normandie  (1994) 

SPD  Bourgogne  (1994) 

SPD  Bretagne  (1994) 

SPD  Centre  (1994) 

SPD  Champagne-Ardenne  (1994) 

SPD  Franche-Comté  (1994) 

SPD  Haute-Normandie  (1994) 

Total cast 

S.  Funds 

Commitments 

: Commitments 

Payments 

Payments 

s o n b i b, 
m 

1997 

1 9 9 4 *7 
m 

1997 

1 9 9 4 *7 
m 

1.269,9 

697,8 

832,3 

309,5 

660,4 

1.281,9 

0,6 

449,0 

253,4 

351,9 

164,9 

329,8 

673,2 

0,3 

9,1 
27,2 

78,4 

21,3 

37,1 

0,0 

0,2 

192,4 

105,2 

191,5 

72,3 

135,4 

270,6 

4 3% 

4 2% 

5 4% 

4 4% 

4 1% 

4 0% 

0,4 

103% 

62,0 

. 

27,9 

82,4 

24,4 

34,7 

51,8 

0,1 

6.052,4 

2.222,7 

173,3 

967,9 

4 4% 

283,4 

98,4 

498,0 

231,2 

234,9 

204,8 

317,4 

126,1 

297,5 

123,6 

503,6 

342,0 

381,1 

175,3 

395,8 

480,8 

187,6 

428,4 

429,2 

47,3 

372,4 

109,5 

155,9 

122,4 

228,9 

128,4 

245,1 

117,4 

428,9 

231,9 

214,2 

152,5 

925,0 

364,5 

479,2 

130,5 

264,7 

220,7 

21,9 

132,5 

82,3 

80,3 

69,7 

118,3 

38,0 

113,8 

56,2 

164,2 

98,9 

173,6 

53,0 

375,4 

162,5 

139,6 

62,9 

154,4 

148,9 

19,9 

100,2 

52,9 

49,3 

36,5 

82,9 

16,3 

55,7 

48,5 

149,0 

56,1 

98,1 

41,4 

303,0 

130,2 

122,4 

54,1 

99,4 

65,8 

21,9 

41,3 

26,2 

26,8 

18,8 

38,0 

38,0 

36,4 

18,0 

51,2 

34,1 

45,9 

15,3 

21,9 

41,3 

26,2 

26,8 

18,8 

38,0 

38,0 

36,4 

18,0 

51,2 

34,1 

45,9 

15,3 

114,8 

114,8 

49,6 

44,7 

20,1 

48,2 

54,8 

0,0 

-0.9 

1,3 

3,5 

-1.0 

0,0 

-1,6 

5,3 

.0,0 

12,2 

-0,8 

-5,8 

0.0 

0,1 

-0,2 

0,0 

0,0 

4,8 

-1,6 

49,6 

44,7 

20,1 

48,2 

54,8 

19,9 

99,3 

52,9 

49,3 

36,5 

82,9 

16,3 

55,7 

48,5 

149,0 

55,3 

95,5 

41,4 

303,0 

128,1 

122,4 

54,1 

99,4 

65,8 

100% 

3 1% 

3 2% 

3 3% 

2 7% 

3 2% 

100% 

3 2% 

3 2% 

3 1% 

3 5% 

2 6% 

2 9% 

3 1% 

3 0% 

3 2% 

3 2% 

3 1% 

3 7% 

100% 

99% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

9 9% 

9 7% 

100% 

100% 

9 8% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

167,2 

88,3 

160,8 

61,9 

95,3 

247,7 

0,2 

821,3 

11,0 

20,6 

13,1 

13,4 

9,4 

19,0 

19,0 

18,2 

9,0 

25,6 

17,1 

23,0 

7,7 

57,4 

24,8 

22,3 

10,1 

24,1 

27,4 

15,9 

84,4 

46,8 

41,3 

31,3 

68,0 

13,2 

45,0 

34,4 

11.0 

20,6 

13,1 

13,4 

9,4 

19,0 

19,0 

18,2 

9,0 

25,6 

17,1 

23,0 

7,7 

57,4 

24,8 

22,3 

10,1 

24,1 

27,4 

0,0 

1.1 
17,8 

13,3 

7,4 

21,5 

0,0 

8,5 

0,8 

. 2 3 ,9 

129,9 

13,0 

21,6 

7,0 

147,1 

45,7 

40,3 

16,6 

53,1 

38,5 

47,0 

84,7 

27,2 

249,8 

108,7 

102,8 

47,0 

81,0 

54,3 

37% 

35% 

46% 

38% 

29% 

37% 

54% 

37% 

50% 

16% 

16% 

17% 

14% 

16% 

50% 

16% 

16% 

16% 

17% 

13% 

14% 

15% 

15% 

16% 

16% 

16% 

18% 

80% 

84% 

88% 

64% 

86% 

82% 

8 1% 

8 1% 

7 1% 

87% 

84% 

86% 

66% 

82% 

84% 

84% 

87% 

8 1% 

83% 

50% 

44% 

2,0 

1,0 

11.569,3 

3.828,9 

1,0 

760,2 

1,0 

100% 

0,5 

0,5 

2.320,3 

6 1% 

849,8 

1.685,3 

7  753,93 

2613,61 

221,02 

1.421,01 

54,37% 

274,77 

1  181,33 

45,20% 

1  820,1 

653.4 

98,0 

285,1 

4 4% 

83,1 

180,5 

28% 

4  675,5 

1.404,5 

6.080,1 

1  521,6 

258,9 

1.780,5 

339,5 

45,5 

385,0 

997,0 

126,5 

1.123,6 

6 6% 

4 9% 

6 3% 

319,7 

48.5 

368,1 

722,5 

94,6 

817,1 

47% 

37% 

46% 

842,99 

189,90 

31,61 

94,88 

5 0% 

25,29 

66,42 

35% 

4,2 

68,8 

38,0 

22,6 

0,0 

45,2 

14,5 

5,3 

9,8 

1.2 

-

4 6% 

6 7% 

6 1% 

5 0% 

4 4% 

5 5% 

4 4% 

4 1% 

5 2% 

3 1% 

3,1 

47.0 

33,5 

19,2 

4,3 

41,3 

10,5 

4,6 

11,9 

2,0 

22,4 

152,9 

100,6 

66,0 

49,4 

104,3 

36,6 

11,9 
41,0 

3,5 

13,7 

98,6 

82,0 

51,2 

35,1 

89,3 

22,2 

10,3 

28.3 

2,8 

28% 

43% 

49% 

38% 

3 1% 

47% 

26% 

35% 

36% 

25% 

170,5 

782,6 

730,4 

433,4 

409,3 

518,2 

260,3 

102,3 

439,8 

32,9 

48,8 

229,9 

166,0 

133,3 

112,7 

188,9 

84,1 

29,3 

78,1 

11,2 

193 

P*eflra*nm#» 
Prasrammtt* 
(year of adoption) 
(year of adoption) 

SPD Languedoc-Roussillon (1994) 
SPD Languedoc-Roussillon (1994) 
SPD Limousin (1994) 
SPD Limousin (1994) 
SPD Lorraine (1994) 
SPD Lorraine (1994) 
SPD Midi-Pyrenees (1994) 
SPD Midi-Pyrenees (1994) 
SPD Pays de la Loire (1994) 
SPD Pays de la Loire (1994) 
SPD Poitou-Charentes (1994) 
SPD Poitou-Charentes (1994) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1994) 
SPD Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1994) 
SPD Rhone-Alpes (1994) 
SPD Rhone-Alpes (1994) 
SPD Technical assistance (1997) 
SPD Technical assistance (1997) 
SPO Massif Central (1995) 
SPO Massif Central (1995) 
SPD MassH des Pyrenees (1995) 
SPD MassH des Pyrenees (1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

ililllliiliil^ 
ililllliiliil^ 

i * f l * j i ta 
i * f l * j i ta 
France (1995) 
France (1995) 

•PJfiij^iiiiSiji^ 
•Bflj^Mjii^lli'^^ 
France (1994) 
France (1994) 
Laafet 
Laafet 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Alsace (1996) 
Alsace (1996) 
Centre (1996) 
Centre (1996) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1996) 
Champagne-Ardenne  (1996) 
Douai, Valenciennes (1996) 
Douai, Valenciennes (1996) 
Haute-Normandie (1996) 
Haute-Normandie  (1996) 
Lorraine (1996) 
Lorraine (1996) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1996) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1996) 
Pays-de-la-Loire (1996) 
Pays-de-la-Loire (1996) 
Rhone- Aipes (1996) 
Rhone- Aipes (1996) 
Aqurtaine(1995) 
Aqurtaine(1995) 
Auvergne (1995) 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Corse (1995) 
Corse (1995) 
Franche-Comte (1995) 
Franche-Comte (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cdte d'Azur (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cdte d'Azur (1995) 
Total 
Total 
Pasca '••.:•:.;• 
Pasca '••.:•:.;• 
France (1995) 
France (1995) 
SMEs  :::::;. 
SMEs  :::::;. 
Corse (1995) 
Corse (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Hainaut (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Hainaut  (1995) 
Zones obj 2 and 5(b) (1995) 
Zones obj 2 and 5(b) (1995) 
Total 
Total 
Rachat 
Rachat 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1996) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1995) 
Midi-Pyrenees (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur (1995) 
Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Total 
Total 
iRigfe':-:;:-,::. 
Jtagfc: :•::::.;:. 
Guadeloupe (1996) 
Guadeloupe (1996) 
Quyane(1996) 
Guyane(1996) 
Martinique (1996) 
Martinique (1996) 
Reunion (1995) 
Reunion (1995) 
Total 
Total 
JKjairlij^^ 
i K j a i r l i i i^ 
Alsace (1995) 
Alsace (1995) 
Aquitaine(1995). 
Aquitaine(1995). 
Auvergne (1995) 
Auvergne (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Basse-Normandie (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Bretagne (1995) 
Centre (1995) 
Centre (1995) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1995) 
Champagne-Ardenne (1995) 
lle-de-France (1995) 
lle-de-France (1995) 

Svfonids 
Svfonids 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 
to 
to 

Commrtmantt 
Conwirtmantt 
1997 
1997 

Commftittants 
CoimmftnMAts 
199447 
199447 
to 
to 

% 
% 

Paymant* 
Paymant* 
1997 
1997 

Paymants 
Paymants 
199447 
199447 
(3) 
(3) 

* 
* 

Total***! 
Total t o *! 

344,3 
344,3 
569,6 
569,6 
320,9 
320,9 
857,2 
857,2 
342,8 
342,8 
450,8 
450,8 
290,8 
290,8 
851,8 
851,8 
2,0 
2,0 
27,4 
27,4 
17,8 
17,8 
7.965,0 
7.955,0 
41.073,8 
41.073,8 
||ii$$i|$!|i 
||ii$$i|$!|i 

119,9 
119,9 
129,7 
129,7 
96,8 
96,8 
283,1 
283,1 
123,7 
123,7 
130,1 
130,1 
95,7 
95,7 
172,1 
172,1 
1,0 
1,0 
12,7 
12,7 
8,6 
8,6 
2.256,7 
2.256,7 
13.544,6 
13.544,6 

36,8 
36,8 
28,8 
28,8 
22.4 
22,4 
51,0 
51,0 
37,8 
37,8 
22,1 
22,1 
24,0 
24,0 
26,2 
26,2 
1,0 
1,0 
1.4 
1.4 
0,0 
0,0 
461,1 
461,1 
2.130,2 
2.130,2 
^mfflrtmarrt* 
^mmrtmarrt* 

:;i;«if^fc;f 

'llllllllll 

25,8 
25,8 

21,1 
21,1 

0,4 
0,4 
1,1 
1,1 
1,1 
1,1 
0,5 
0,5 
1.3 
1.3 
0,5 
0,5 
1.5 
1.5 
3.0 
3.0 
1,5 
1,5 
2,2 
2,2 
3,6 
3,6 
2,7 
2,7 
2,1 
2,1 
1,8 
1,8 
2,6 
2,6 
0,0 
0,0 
1.2 
1.2 
2,7 
2,7 
3,0 
3,0 
1,7 
1,7 
2,8 
2,8 
37,4 
37,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
6,7 
6,7 
7,1 
7,1 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 

11.5 
11.5 
0,0 
0,0 
3,5 
3,5 
8,7 
8,7 
23,7 
23,7 

0,0 
0,0 

1.1 
1.1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1.1 
1.1 
1,0 
1,0 
0,5 
0,5 
2,3 
2,3 

680,9 
680,9 

278,4 
278,4 

382.1 
382.1 

191,2 
191,2 

0,7 
0,7 
9.9 
9.9 
17,7 
17,7 
8,5 
8,5 
4,5 
4,5 
2,8 
2,8 
19,3 
19,3 
65,6 
65,6 
22.6 
22,6 
33.5 
33.5 
46,3 
46,3 
36,6 
36,6 
28,1 
28,1 
24,8 
24,8 
34,5 
34,5 
7,2 
7,2 
14,0 
14,0 
40,9 
40,9 
50,1 
50,1 
62.4 
62,4 
29,8 
29,8 
669,8 
669,8 

0,4 
0,4 
4,4 
4,4 
7,7 
7,7 
2,7 
2,7 
2,0 
2,0 
1.3 
1,3 
9,0 
9,0 
25,5 
25,5 
11,2 
11,2 
15.9 
15.9 
20,9 
20,9 
15,5 
15,5 
12,3 
12,3 
10,3 
10,3 
17,1 
17,1 
3,0 
3,0 
7,0 
7,0 
17,4 
17,4 
18,2 
18,2 
11,9 
11,9 
14,9 
14,9 
228,5 
228,5 

81,3 
81,3 

28,3 
28,3 

8,6 
8,6 
25,1 
25,1 
98.3 
98.3 
132,1 
132,1 

39,3 
39,3 
3,1 
3,1 
2,7 
2,7 
25,1 
25,1 
4,4 
4,4 
2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
78,7 
78,7 

123.9 
123,9 
47,3 
47,3 
123.8 
123.8 
204,0 
204,0 
498,9 
498,9 

20.0 
20.0 
69,9 
69,9 
3.8 
3.8 
6.8 
6.8 
12.6 
12.6 
28,9 
28,9 
6,7 
6,7 
28,8 
28,8 

3,0 
3,0 
6,3 
6,3 
49,2 
49,2 
68,6 
68,6 

16,9 
16,9 
1,5 
1,5 
1,0 
1,0 
10,9 
10,9 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
33,5 
33,5 

61,3 
61,3 
28,4 
28,4 
60,8 
60,8 
115,6 
115,6 
266,1 
266,1 

4,3 
4,3 
14,3 
14,3 
1,5 
1,5 
3,4 
3,4 
6,2 
6,2 
5,2 
5,2 
3,0 
3,0 
8,1 
8,1 

194 
194 

64,0 
64,0 
82,7 
82,7 
53,6 
53,6 
123,7 
123,7 
68,0 
68,0 
64,6 
64,6 
47,2 
47,2 
72,0 
72,0 
1,0 
1,0 
3,8 
3,8 

1,1 
1,1 
1.170,2 
1.170,2 
7.382,9 
7.382,9 

53% 
53% 
64% 
64% 
55% 
55% 
44% 
44% 
55% 
55% 
50% 
50% 
49% 
49% 
42% 
42% 
100% 
100% 
30% 
30% 
13% 
13% 
52% 
62% 
65% 
65% 

40% 
40% 
50% 
50% 
45% 
45% 
32% 
32% 
45% 
45% 
40% 
40% 
37% 
37% 
24% 
24% 
30% 
30% 
22% 
22% 
6% 
6% 
39% 
39% 
42% 
42% 

25,8 
25,8 
18,5 
18,5 
22.6 
22.6 
33,6 
33,6 
32.1 
32.1 
21,4 
21,4 
17,2 
17,2 
11,7 
11,7 
0,3 
0,3 
1,4 
1,4 
0,0 
0,0 
362,1 
362,1 
2.246,6 
2.246,6 

47,8 
47.8 
64,6 
64,6 
43.8 
43.8 
91,4 
91,4 
56,0 
56,0 
52,1 
52,1 
35,4 
35.4 
41,9 
41,9 
0,3 
0,3 
2,8 
2,8 
0,5 
0,5 
870,2 
870,2 
5.622,2 
5.622,2 
:P*yi*MHrtr 
:P*yi*ttHrt* 
ft|||§ii 
ft|||§ii 
llfflftf 
llfflftf 

tlBII 
tlBII 

11111 
11111 

72,7 
72,7 

26% 
26% 

18.1 
18.1 

41,6 
41,6 

15% 
15% 

70,7 
70,7 

37% 
37% 

29.9 
29.9 

56,6 
56,6 

30% 
30% 

0,4 
0,4 
4,4 
4,4 
7,5 
7,5 
2,7 
2,7 
2,0 
2,0 
1,3 
1,3 
9,0 
9,0 
25,0 
25,0 
10,8 
10,8 
15,3 
15,3 
20,9 
20,9 
15,5 
15,5 
12,3 
12,3 
10,3 
10,3 
16,7 
16,7 
3,0 
3,0 
7,0 
7,0 
17,1 
17,1 
18,0 
18,0 
11,5 
11,5 
14,9 
14,9 
225,7 
225,7 

100% 
100% 
99% 
99% 
97% 
97% 
98% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
96% 
96% 
97% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
99% 
99% 
97% 
97% 
100% 
100% 
99% 
99% 

28,3 
28,3 

100% 
100% 

3,0 
3,0 
6,3 
6,3 
13,6 
13,6 
22,9 
22,9 

16,9 
16,9 
1,5 
1,5 
1.0 
1,0 
10,9 
10,9 
1.1 
1.1 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
1.0 
33,6 
33,6 

19,6 
19,6 
28,4 
28,4 
11,8 
11,8 
24,9 
24,9 
84,6 
84,6 

4.3 
4,3 
14,3 
14,3 
1,5 
1,5 
2.0 
2.0 
6,2 
6,2 
5,2 
5,2 
3,0 
3,0 
7,8 
7,8 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
28% 
28% 
39% 
39% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
19% 
19% 
22% 
22% 
32% 
32% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
60% 
60% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
96% 

0,1 
0,1 
0,4 
0,4 
0,3 
0,3 
0.1 
0.1 
0,4 
0,4 
0,2 
0,2 
0,2 
0,2 
0,9 
0,9 
0,3 
0,3 
0.7 
0.7 
7,0 
7,0 
0,9 
0,9 
0,6 
0,6 
0,5 
0,5 
0,8 
0,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,4 
1.7 
1.7 
2,8 
2,8 
0,5 
0,5 
0,8 
0,8 
19,8 
19,8 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
4,9 
4,9 
6,1 
6,1 

0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,5 
0.1 
0.1 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
o.o 
o.o 
0,6 
0,6 

•8,1 
•8,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,5 
6,8 
6,8 
15,4 
15,4 

0.0 
0.0 
4,4 
4,4 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,4 
1,4 

0,1 
0,1 
2,1 
2,1 
2.3 
2.3 
0,8 
0,8 
0,6 
0,6 
0,4 
0,4 
3,4 
3,4 
7,5 
7,5 
4,9 
4,9 
4,6 
4,6 
12,2 
12,2 
4,9 
4,9 
3.9 
3.9 
3,4 
3,4 
5,0 
5,0 
1,0 
1.0 
2,1 
2,1 
6,1 
6,1 
7,5 
7,5 
3,8 
3,8 
4,5 
4,5 
80,9 
80,9 

40% 
40% 
47% 
47% 
29% 
29% 
29% 
29% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
38% 
38% 
29% 
29% 
44% 
44% 
29% 
29% 
58% 
58% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
29% 
29% 
32% 
32% 
30% 
30% 
35% 
35% 
41% 
41% 
32% 
32% 
30% 
30% 
35% 
35% 

8,5 
8,5 

30% 
30% 

0,9 
0,9 
1,9 
1,9 
7.1 
7.1 
9,9 
9,9 

8,4 
8,4 
1.2 
1.2 
0,5 
0.5 
5.5 
5.5 
0,6 
0,6 
0,5 
0,5 
0,5 
0,5 
17,2 
17,2 

12,1 
12,1 
8.5 
8.5 
4,7 
4,7 
14,9 
14,9 
40,2 
40,2 

2,1 
2,1 
10,9 
10,9 
0,6 
0,6 
1,0 
1,0 
2.6 
2.6 
2,1 
2,1 
1,2 
1,2 
4,2 
4,2 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
14% 
14% 
17% 
17% 

50% 
50% 
80% 
80% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
51% 
51% 

20% 
20% 
30% 
30% 
8% 
8% 
13% 
13% 
16% 
16% 

50% 
50% 
77% 
77% 
50% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
42% 
42% 
40% 
40% 
41% 
41% 
52% 
52% 

initiative 
.. (year «f adoption) 

Te_a 0 0» 

5. Fund* 
contrib. 
to 

Canwftmarit* 
1997 

: Commitments 
1994*7 

% 

Payments 
1997 

Payment* 
1994*7 

| 

• 

Languedoc-Roussillon (1995) 
Limousin (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Midi-Pyrénées (1995) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (1995) 
Picardie (1995) 
Poitou-Charentes (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Côte  d'Azur (1995) 
Rhône-Alpes (1995) 
Total 
IBiiii!^^ 
Basse-Normandie  (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais ( 1996 ) 
Bourgogne (1995) 
Lorraine (1995) 
Picardie (1995) 
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (1995) 
Rhône-Alpes(1995) 
Total 
fUrtÉ* 
France (1993) 
Urbaii 
Bourgogne (Châions-sur-Saône) (1997) 
Corse (Bastia) (1997) 
Ile-de-France (Clichy-Montl ermeil) (1997) 
Ile-de-France (Mantes-la-Jdie) (1997) 
Rhône-Alpes (Saint-Etienne) (1997) 
Alsace (Mulhouse) (1996) 
Ile-de-France (Aulnay-sous-Bois) (1996) 
Ile-de-France (Les Mureaux) (1996) 
Marseille (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Roubaix-Tourcoing) (1996) 
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Valendennes) (1996) 
Picardie (Amiens) (1996) 
Rhône-Alpes (Lyon-Est) (1996) 
Total 
TOTAL 
$r$ïlrijtà^^ 
Belgique/Belgiô/Deutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nederland. Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxemburg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg (1996) 
Belgique/France. Ardennes (1996) 
France/Belgique/België: Nord-Pas-de Calais/ Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/België:  Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-Calais/ 
Picardie (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Haute-Normandie, Picardie and 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saartand/ Lorraine 
(1995) 
France/Deutschland: PAMINA (1995) 
France/Suisse: Franche-Comté  (1995) 
France/Suisse: Rhône-Alpes (1995) 

IRELAND 

Programmas 
{ya*XDfadop1$on} 

Objectivai 
OP Technical assistance (1996) 
MP Tallaght hospital (1995) 
OP Agriculture, rural dev. (1994) 
OP Local development  (1994) 
OP Industry (1994) 
OP Economie infrastrudure (1994) 
OPFisheries(1994) 
OP Human resources (1994) 

10,1 
28,1 
8,6 
16,1 
2,2 
21,7 

3,1 
16,9 
7,2 
291,5 

21,7 
45,7 
3,7 
73,5 
7,2 
15,3 
6,1 
173,2 

3,1 
4,8 
3,9 
5,1 
1,1 
10,0 
1,5 
8,5 
2,2 
86,2 

5,1 
14,4 
1.8 
31.1 
2.5 
5.2 
2,2 
62,3 

0,0 
0,8 
2.8 
1,0 
0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
2,6 
0,0 
13,8 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 

_ 

3,1 
4,8 
3,9 
5,1 
1.1 
10,0 
1,5 
8,5 
2,2 
84,5 

5,1 
14,4 
1,8 
31,1 
2,5 
5,2 
2,2 
62,3 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0,C 
o,c 
0,8 
0,C 
o,c 
o,c 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,6 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 

1.6 
2,C 
1.2 
2,C 
0,6 
4,7 
0,8 
2,9 

1.1 
41,8 

2,6 
7,2 
0,9 
15,6 
1.2 
1,6 
0,7 
29,7 

50% 
42% 
30% 
40% 
50% 
47% 
50% 
35% 
50% 
48% 

50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
49% 
30% 
34% 
48% 

126,2 

39,5| 

30,3 

37,3| 

94%| 

1,3| 

4,7| 

12% 

14,0 
6,5 
18,5 
16,4 
15,1 
20,9 
22,8 
17,0 
14,7 
17,6 
9,7 
20,5 
26,6 
220,4 
3.225,2 

5,3 
3,5 
5,3 
5.3 
5.3 
7,0 
8,9 
7,0 
7,0 
7,0 
4,9 
7,0 
7,0 
80,5 
1.353,1 

5,3 
3,0 
5,3 
4,3 
3,9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
1,6 
0,4 
0,0 
0.0 
23,8 
183,4 

5,3 
3,0 
5,3 
4,3 
3,9 
7,0 
8,9 
7,0 
7,0 
7,0 
4,9 
7,0 
7,0 
77,6 
800,2 

100% 
86% 
100% 
80% 
74% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
69% 

426,7 

137,1 

15,5 

15,5 

11% 

0,0 
0,0 

1,1 

0,0 
10,3 
0,6 
0,0 

0,0 
0,6 
0,0 
-0,5 

0,0 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 

26,2 
12,5 

87% 
100% 

18,0 

100% 

10,0 
19,1 
33,1 
18,2 

34,1 
7,6 
15,1 
22,9 

23,3 
11,1 
7,1 
4,3 

14% 
31% 
98% 
98% 

100% 
17% 
26% 
91% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 

2,7 
1,5 
2,7 
2,1 
2,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
11,5 
108,7 

0,0 

1,4 
0,0 

0,5 

1,5 
7,2 
0,2 
0,0 

0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,4 

0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 

2,7 
1,5 
2,7 
2,1 
2,0 
2,1 
2,7 
2,1 
2,1 
2,1 
£4 
2,1 
2,2 
28,7 
359,8 

50% 
43% 
50% 
40% 
37% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
48% 
30% 
32% 
36% 
27% 

0,0 

0% 

13,5 
3,7 

45% 
30% 

9,0 

50% 

6,5 
11,7 
10,1 
5,5 

10,2 
3,8 
7,5 
7,4 

7,2 
3,3 
2,2 
1,3 

9% 
19% 
30% 
29% 

30% 
8% 
13% 
29% 

31% 
30% 
31% 
24% 

Commitments 
1997 

Commitments 
1994*7 

Payments; 
i 
1987 

Payments 
1994*7 

WW 

100% 
100% 
84% 
54% 
57% 
45% 
67% 
63% 

9,5 
39,4 
784,6 
141,1 
599,2 
48,9 
53,1 
1 120,2 

CD  WW, 

0,0 
0,0 
120,5 
52,4 
157,4 
19,0 
23,7 
297,4 

2,8 
31,5 
612,3 
126,5 
520,6 
41,2 
47,6 
1.057,8 

30% 
80% 
66% 
48% 
50% 
38% 
60% 
59% 

0,0 
0,0 
277,8 
15,1 
30,8 
21,6 
23,3 
265,1 

62,2 
27,8 

30.2 
12,5 

38,3 

18,0 

148,4 
142,6 
71,8 
58,2 

80,8 
95,3 
159,1 
51,4 

46,5 
22,1 
14,2 
11,6 

71,5 
62,4 
33,7 
18,6 

34,1 
45,1 
57,0 
25,2 

23,3 
11,1 
7,1 
5,4 

TotSiCOSt  S. Funds 
tantrlb* 
tl) 

12,6 
131,3 
1.816,6 
442,2 
1.872,6 
346,9 
170,3 
4 670,1 

9.5 
39,4 
933,1 
262.6 
1 043,3 
109,7 
79,1 
1.789,1 

195 

Programmes 
Programmes 
(yearof adoption} 
(yearofadoption} 

Total tost 
Total tost 

OP Environmental services (1994) 
OP Environmental services (1994) 
OP Tourism (1994) 
OP Tourism (1994) 
OP Transport  (1994) 
OP Transport  (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

M^&!im^^^^0M^^^^M^^M&mM 
M^&!im^^^^0M^^^^M^^M&mM 
Ireland (1995) 
Ireland (1995) 
Empfoymant 
Ernpfoymant 
Ireland (1994) 
Ireland (1994) 
l l S i S !^ 
l l S i S !^ 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Ireland (1995) 
Ireland (1995) 
Total 
Total 
IP*K» . 
IP*K» . 
Ireland (1994) 
Ireland (1994) 
SMEs 
SMEs 
Ireland (1995) 
Ireland (1995) 
; * * < ** 
^Ritex 
Ireland (1993) 
Ireland (1993) 
Urban 
Urban 
Ireland (1996) 
Ireland (1996) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
Peata 
ineacie 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
lotafrtgJRagao 
lotafrtgJRagao 
Ireland/United Kingdom  Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom  Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 

125,6 
125,6 
848,4 
848,4 
1.426,6 
1.426,6 
0,5 
0,5 
11.863,7 
11.863,7 
Total foat 
Total cost 

5. funds 
5. funds 
\  contrfb...: 
\  contrfb...-
! 
! 
to 
to 
78,0 
78,0 
463,4 
463,4 
900,8 
900,8 
0,5 
0.5 
6.708,4 
6.708,4 

Conwrtltmants 
Commttmants 
1997 
1997 

Commitments 
CommKmerrts 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

0,0 
0,0 
87,5 
87,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,3 
721,6 
721,6 
;|§||ij|W!!t||:; 
lllilllllltl 
iiiiliiitii! 

34,0 
34,0 
256,4 
256,4 
496,3 
496,3 
0,5 
0,5 
3.683,1 
3.683,1 
Comrortmafrts 
Cornmrtmerrts 
l l l l l l l l l ll 
l l l l l l l l l ll 

lilplli 
lilplli 

% 
% 

Paymants 
Paymants 
1997 
1997 

„.(*»*1) 
„.(*»*1) 
44% 
44% 
55% 
55% 
55% 
55% 
100% 
100% 
63% 
63% 

1,2 
1,2 
74,1 
74,1 
146,6 
146,6 
0,1 
0,1 
892,4 
892,4 
Paymants 
Paymants 

Paymants 
Paymants 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

32,0 
32,0 
224,0 
224,0 
466,3 
466,3 
0,1 
0,1 
3.162,8 
3.162,8 
Paymants 
Paymants 
:::199447:: 
:::199447-: 
liifft 
liifft 

mn 
mn 
41% 
41% 
48% 
48% 
52% 
52% 
21% 
21% 
55% 
55% 

37,3 
37,3 

27,8 
27,8 

117,1 
117,1 

88,6 
88,6 

1.5 
1.5 
166,7 
166,7 
168,2 
168,2 

1.1 
1.1 
68.4 
68.4 
69,5 
69,5 

14,4 
14,4 

7.8 
7.8 

66,1 
66,1 

28,8 
28,8 

22,9 
22,9 

11.5 
11.5 

27,7 
27,7 
463,6 
463,6 

20,8 
20,8 
264,8 
264,8 

412,4 
412,4 

301,7 
301,7 

265,7 
265,7 
146,9 
146,9 

160,2 
160,2 
84,6 
84,6 

6,9 
6,9 

12,4 
12,4 

1,1 
1,1 
0,0 
0,0 

1.1 
1.1 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

3.7 
3.7 

10,4 
10,4 
34,6 
34,6 

53,3 
53,3 

35,9 
35,9 
13,6 
13,6 

14,3 
14,3 

51% 
51% 

6,6 
6,6 

12,6 
12,6 

45% 
45% 

41,8 
41,8 

47% 
47% 

16,9 
16,9 

33,9 
33,9 

38% 
38% 

1.1 
1.1 
7,5 
7,5 
8,6 
8,6 

100% 
100% 
11% 
11% 
12% 
12% 

7,2 
7,2 

91% 
91% 

0,3 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,3 

2,3 
2,3 

0,3 
0,3 
3,8 
3,8 
4,1 
4,1 

30% 
30% 
•  5% 
•  5% 
6% 
6% 

3,6 
3,6 

46% 
46% 

28.8 
28.8 

100% 
100% 

13,2 
13,2 

21,9 
21,9 

76% 
76% 

11.8 
11.8 

103% 
103% 

4.1 
4.1 

8,2 
8,2 

71% 
71% 

12,2 
12,2 
124,7 
124,7 

59% 
59% 
49% 
49% 

3.1 
3.1 
46,6 
46,6 

4,0 
4,0 
88,1 
88,1 

19% 
19% 
36% 
36% 

176,3 
176,3 

58% 
58% 

81,2 
81,2 

136,6 
136,6 

45% 
45% 

64,0 
64,0 
25,4 
25,4 

40% 
40% 
30% 
30% 

0,5 
0,5 
14,2 
14,2 

14,6 
14,6 
20,1 
20,1 

9% 
9% 

24% 
24% 

ITALIA 
ITALIA 

Programme* 
Programme* 
(year of adoption) 
(year of adoption) 

Total coct 
Total coct 

$  fund* 
$  funds 

QjWectiw.1 
ojWactfral 
Regional OPs 
Regional OPs 
OPPianura(3)(1997) 
OPPianura(3)(1997) 
GG Crisis area Brindisi (3) (1997) 
GG Crisis area Brindisi (3) (1997) 
GGCrotone(3)(1996) 
GGCrotone(3)(1996) 
GG Manfredonia (3) (1996) 
GG Manfredonia (3) (1996) 
OPAbruzzo(1995) 
OPAbruzzo(1995) 
OPAbruzzo(1)(1995) 
OPAbruzzo(1)(1995) 
OP Calabria (1)(1995) 
OP Calabria (1)(1995) 
OP Campania (1995) 
OP Campania (1995) 
MP Port of Gioia Tauro (3) (1995) 
MP Port of Gioia Tauro (3) (1995) 
OPPuglia(1995) 
OPPuglia(1995) 
OP Sicilia (1995) 
OP Sicilia (1995) 
OPBasilicata(1994) 
OPBasilicata(1994) 
OP Calabria (1994) 
OP Calabria (1994) 
OPMolise(1994) 
OPMolise(1994) 
OPSardegna(1994) 
OPSardegna(1994) 
Multireglonal OPs 
Multireglonal OPs 
OP Environment  (3) (1997) 
OP Environment  (3) (1997) 
OP Airport infrastructure (3) (1997) 
OP Airport infrastructure (3) (1997) 
OP Park Projects (2) (1997) 
OP Park Projects (2) (1997) 
GG Literature parks (3) (1997) 
GG Literature parks (3) (1997) 
OP Civil protection (3) (1997) 
OP Civil protection (3) (1997) 
OP Support for fruit and vegetable producer 
OP Support for fruit and vegetable producer 
organisations (1) (1997) 
organisations (1) (1997) 
OP "MEGA II* (1996) 
OP "MEGA  II* (1996) 
OPEnergie(3)(1996) 
OPEnergie(3)(1996) 
OP Road infrastructure (3) (1996) 
OP Road infrastructure (3) (1996) 
OP Industry and services (1995) 
OP Industry and services (1995) 
OP Water resources (1995) 
OP Water resources (1995) 
OP Tourism (1995) 
OP Tourism (1995) 
OP Popular farming?? (1) (1995) 
OP Popular farming?? (1) (1995) 
OP "Emergency" Employment  (1994) 
OP "Emergency" Employment  (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (2) (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (2) (1994) 
OP Training of trainers (1994) 
OP Training of trainers (1994) 
OP Training of migrants (1994) 
OP Training of migrants (1994) 
OP Ministry of Education (1994) 
OP Ministry of Education (1994) 
OPFisharies(1994) 
OPFisharies(1994) 
OP Research - development (1994) 
OP Research - development (1994) 
(1) Single Fund OP:  EAGGF 
(2) Single Fund OP: ESF 
(3)  Single  Fund assistance:  ERDF 

55,3 
55,3 
73,2 
73,2 
90,9 
90,9 
60.6 
60.6 
365,7 
365,7 
187,6 
187.6 
502,0 
502,0 
2.964,9 
2.964,9 
120,0 
120,0 
2.409,6 
2.409,6 
2 560,1 
2 560,1 
1.125,0 
1.125,0 
1.313,9 
1.313,9 
523,5 
523,5 
1 808,6 
1 808,6 

107,1 
107,1 
10.0 
10.0 
69,9 
69,9 
29,3 
29,3 
120,3 
120,3 

8,2 
8,2 
120,0 
120,0 
485,0 
485,0 
498,0 
498,0 
5359,1 
5359,1 
2.008,3 
2.008,3 
274,9 
274,9 
231,4 
231,4 
474,3 
474,3 
101,3 
101,3 
245,3 
245,3 
32,0 
32,0 
471,0 
471,0 
477,8 
477,8 
1.258,2 
1.258,2 

fl) 
fl) 

; 
; 

25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
35,0 
25.0 
25.0 
165,5 
165,5 
93,9 
93,9 
241,0 
241,0 
1.376,7 
1.376,7 
40,0 
40,0 
1 148,4 
1 148,4 
1 337,2 
1 337,2 
583,2 
583,2 
580,3 
580,3 
292,0 
292,0 
967,1 
967,1 

48,0 
48,0 
5,0 
5,0 
52,4 
52,4 
18,0 
18,0 
60,0 
60,0 

4.1 
4.1 
72,0 
72,0 
170,0 
170,0 
249,0 
249,0 
2.592,7 
2.592,7 
871,0 
871,0 
130,0 
130,0 
162,0 
162,0 
355,7 
355,7 
76.0 
76.0 
184.0 
184.0 
24,0 
24,0 
300.0 
300.0 
238,9 
238,9 
784,0 
784,0 

196 

^ommKmettt* 
£ommKmetttr» 
199T 

ComfftttiUAirtfe 
*$944? 
*$944? 

% 
% 

Payment* 
Payment* 
1997  j 
1997  j 

Payment* 
Payment* 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

* 
* 
mn 
mn 

25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0.0 
-1,4 
-1,4 
31,1 
31,1 
278,4 
278,4 
0,0 
0,0 
348,4 
348,4 
395,1 
395,1 
188,7 
188,7 
166,8 
166,8 
93,9 
93,9 
192,6 
192,6 

5,7 
5,7 
5,0 
5,0 
26,2 
26,2 
18,0 
18,0 
20,0 
20,0 

0,0 
0,0 
18,0 
18,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
509,4 
509,4 
197,8 
197,8 
0,0 
0,0 
13,0 
13,0 
144,7 
144,7 
30,9 
30,9 
74,9 
74,9 
4,8 
4,8 
85,2 
85,2 
31,4 
31,4 
269,1 
269,1 

25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
25,0 
35,0 
35,0 
25,0 
25,0 
165,5 
165,5 
92,5 
92,5 
107,3 
107,3 
455,6 
455,6 
40,0 
40,0 
552,1 
552,1 
715,3 
715,3 
352,1 
352,1 
290,8 
290,8 
153,6 
153,6 
461,7 
461,7 

5,7 
5,7 
5,0 
5,0 
26,2 
26,2 
18,0 
18,0 
20,0 
20,0 

0,0 
0,0 
21,7 
21,7 
45,3 
45,3 
28,8 
28,8 
2.513,3 
2.513,3 
453,2 
453,2 
22,2 
22,2 
78,9 
78,9 
177,4 
177,4 
37,9 
37,9 
91,8 
91,8 
11,0 
11,0 
173,7 
173,7 
98,0 
98,0 
335,0 
335,0 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
45% 
45% 
33% 
33% 
100% 
100% 
48% 
48% 
53% 
53% 
60% 
60% 
50% 
50% 
53% 
53% 
48% 
48% 

12% 
12% 
100% 
100% 
50% 
50% 
100% 
100% 
33% 
33% 

0% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
27% 
27% 
12% 
12% 
97% 
97% 
52% 
52% 
17% 
17% 
49% 
49% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
46% 
46% 
58% 
58% 
41% 
41% 
43% 
43% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
10,5 
10,5 
0,0 
0,0 
43,5 
43,5 
27,1 
27,1 
33,3 
33,3 
59,5 
59,5 
12,0 
12,0 
194,0 
194,0 
243,6 
243,6 
141,9 
141,9 
23,0 
23,0 
57,8 
57,8 
149,2 
149,2 

2.9 
2.9 
2,5 
2,5 
13,1 
13,1 
0,0 
0,0 
10,0 
10,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
7.8 
7.8 
76,6 
76,6 
0,0 
0,0 
25,1 
25,1 
55.4 
55.4 
5,5 
5,5 
0.0 
0.0 
2.4 
2.4 
90.2 
90.2 
21.8 
21.8 
129.2 
129.2 

0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
10,5 
10,5 
12,5 
12,5 
117,6 
117,6 
74,4 
74,4 
75,1 
75,1 
149,3 
149,3 
32,0 
32,0 
286,9 
286,9 
450,3 
450,3 
236,3 
236,3 
103,2 
103,2 
96,9 
96,9 
286,0 
286,0 

2,9 
2,9 
2,5 
2,5 
13,1 
13,1 
0,0 
0,0 
10,0 
10,0 

0,0 
0,0 
1,8 
1,8 
22,7 
22,7 
14,4 
14,4 
1.707.4 
1.707.4 
204,2 
204,2 
11,1 
11,1 
68,4 
68,4 
71,7 
71,7 
9,0 
9,0 
8,5 
8,5 
6,5 
6,5 
133,9 
133,9 
57,0 
57,0 
162,1 
162,1 

0% 
0% 
0% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
50% 
50% 
71% 
71% 
79% 
79% 
31% 
31% 
11% 
11% 
80% 
80% 
25% 
25% 
34% 
34% 
41% 
41% 
18% 
18% 
33% 
33% 
30% 
30% 

6% 
6% 
50% 
50% 
25% 
25% 

0% 
0% 
17% 
17% 

0% 
0% 
3% 
3% 
13% 
13% 
6% 
6% 
66% 
66% 
23% 
23% 
9% 
9% 
42% 
42% 
20% 
20% 
12% 
12% 
5% 
5% 
27% 
27% 
45% 
45% 
24% 
24% 
21% 
21% 

Programmas 
(year of adoption) 

OP  Telecommunications  (1994) 

OP  Rail transport  (1994) 

Technical  assistance 

Total 

:CH!*$#fSWSfiit:5t. 
SPD  Emilia-Romagna  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Friuli-Venezia  Qiulia  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Lazio  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Liguria  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Lombardia  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Marche  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Umbria  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Piemonte  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD Toscana  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Valle d'Aosta  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Veneto  1997-99  (1997) 

SPD  Emilia-Romagna  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Friuli-Venezia  Qiulia  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Lazio  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Liguria  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Lombardia  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Marche  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Umbria  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Piemonte  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD Toscana  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Valle  d'Aosta  1994-96  (1994) 

SPD  Veneto  1994-96  (1994) 

Total 
SbJectWe'-
Regional OPs 
O P A b r u z z o ( 1 9 9 7) 

O P B d z a n o ( 1 9 9 4) 

OP  Emilia-Romagna  (1994) 

OP  Friuli-Venezia  Giulia  (1994) 

OP  Lazio  (1994) 

OP  Liguria  (1994) 

OP  Lombardia  (1994) 

OP  Marche  (1994) 

OP  Umbria  (1994) 

OP  Piemonte  (1994) 

OP  Toscana  (1994) 

OPTrento(1994) 

OP  Valle  d'Aosta  (1994) 

OP  Veneto  (1994) 

Multiregional OPs 

Multiregional  OP (1997) 

OP  Innovative  adions  (1994) 

OP  Technical  assistance  (1994) 

OP  Training  (1994) 

Total 
Objectiva 4 
SPD  Ministry of Labour  (1994) 
o * ^ l v * f ^} Agriculture 
Regional OPs 

OP  B d z a no  R  867/90  (1996) 

OP  Emilia-Romagna  R. 866/90  (1996) 

OP  Friuli-Venezia  Giulia  R. 866/90  (1996) 

OP  Friuli-Venezia  Giulia  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP  Lazio  R.  866/90(1996) 

OP  Lazio R.  867/90(1996) 

OP  Liguria  R. 866/90  (1996) 

OP  Liguria  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP  Lombardia R.  866/90  (1996) 

OP  Lombardia R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP  Marche  R  866/90  (1996) 

OP  Marche  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP  Marche  Water  Zoo R. 866/90  (1996) 

OP  Umbria  R. 866/90  (1996) 

OP  Umbria  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP  Piemonte  R.  866/90  (1996) 

OP  Piemonte  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP Toscana  R  866/90  (1996) 

OP  Toscana  R. 867/90  (1996) 

OP Trento  R. 866/90  (1996) 

Commitment* 
1997 

Cornmfbtteats 

1 9 8 4 *7 

Payments 
1997 

Payment* 

1 9 9 4 *7 

total cost 

1.076,1 

1.981,6 

1.1 
29.600,9 

41,0 

110,1 

187,1 

339,7 

88,2 

86.1 

125,6 

976,4 

511,2 

30,5 

303,6 

39,3 

59,0 

158,4 

219,2 

73,2 

32,0 

37,3 

449,1 

403,1 

1,6 

152,7 

:  s, funds 
:  contrib. 
; 

to 
376,7 

791,0 

1,1 

85,7 

259,5 

0,5 

14.500,8 

3.643,3 

14,2 

39,2 

76,9 

129,5 

34,0 

31,0 

53,1 

309,5 

158,9 

13,5 

107,8 

12,0 

14,1 

59,0 

81,6 

21,1 

12,3 

17,4 

143,4 

113,6 

0,6 

48,9 

14,2 

28,0 

14,8 

41,4 

34,0 

31,0 

17,0 

99,0 

50,9 

13,5 

49,5 

0,0 

-2,8 

6,5 

16,4 

-2,0 

0,0 

-3,8 

14,6 

0,0 

0,1 

0,0 

4.424,4 

1.491,8 

422,3 

45,8 

54,4 

409,8 

118,6 

271,7 

94,0 

389,1 

81,7 

67,7 

271,6 

145,8 

62,7 

30,1 

240,7 

60,3 

118,9 

77,8 

456,8 

21,2 

24,5 

184,4 

53,4 

122,3 

42,3 

175,1 

36,8 

30,5 

122,2 

65,6 

28,2 

12,4 

108,3 

27,1 

53,5 

35,0 

205,6 

2.997,6 

1.348,4 

6,4 

9,3 

24,7 

20,3 

59,9 

7,2 

85,8 

17,8 

9,6 

23,2 

22,0 

5,0 

1,5 

36,3 

27,1 

21,1 

13,8 

81,2 

472,2 

301,6 

644,7 

1.1 
8.606,8 

14,2 

28,0 

14,8 

41,4 

34,0 

31,0 

17,0 

99,0 

50,9 

13,5 

49,5 

12,0 

18,5 

59,0 

81,6 

21,1 

16,6 

24,8 

143,4 

113,6 

3,3 

48,9 

936,3 

6,4 

15,7 

99,3 

34,1 

78,2 

27,0 

112,0 

23,5 

19,5 

78,2 

42,0 

18,1 

6,3 

69,3 

27,1 

30,2 

19,8 

116,0 

822,6 

8 0% 

8 2% 

100% 

6 9% 

100% 

7 1% 

19% 

3 2% 

100% 

100% 

3 2% 

3 2% 

3 2% 

100% 

4 6% 

100% 

1 3 1% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

135% 

142% 

100% 

100% 

599% 

100% 

6 3% 

3 0% 

6 4% 

5 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

6 4% 

5 1% 

6 4% 

100% 

5 6% 

5 6% 

5 6% 

6 1% 

91,3 

62,0 

0,2 

(3) 

264,0 

370,2 

0,3 

1.591,3 

5.072,3 

7,1 

0,0 

0,0 

20,7 

17,0 

15,5 

8,5 

49,5 

25,4 

6,8 

24,8 

0,0 

-1,7 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

-4,4 

-7,4 

56,3 

48,1 

-2,8 

0,0 

7,1 

0,0 

0,0 

20,7 

17,0 

15,5 

8,5 

49,5 

25,4 

6,8 

24,8 

6,0 

10,3 

26,3 

49,5 

11,6 

6,1 

10,1 

102,8 

85,8 

0,2 

24,5 

263,6 

608,6 

3,2 

9,3 

0,0 

15,1 

24,7 

11,4 

0,0 

6,9 

3,4 

18,4 

14,1 

7,1 

3.7 

7,3 

13,6 

4,8 

0,0 

18,1 

161,0 

3,2 

14,2 

59,5 

22,0 

33,9 

17,1 

13,1 

9,8 

8,4 

51,8 

24,1 

16,7 

4,9 

23,8 

13,6 

9,3 

3,0 

35,4 

363,6 

* 
mn 

70% 

47% 

28% 

35% 

50% 

0% 

0% 

16% 

50% 

50% 

16% 

16% 

16% 

50% 

23% 

50% 

73% 

45% 

6 1% 

55% 

50% 

58% 

72% 

76% 

42% 

50% 

34% 

15% 

58% 

32% 

4 1% 

28% 

40% 

7% 

27% 

28% 

4 2% 

37% 

59% 

39% 

22% 

50% 

17% 

8% 

17% 

2 7% 

| 

903,7| 

406,7| 

164,4 

263,3| 

6 5 %| 

85,7| 

135,1 

33% 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,4 

8.8 

3,4 

0,5 

8,0 

0,7 

2,3 

0,3 

26,5 

1,2 

16,3 

0,3 

0,8 

4,1 
0,4 

15,2 

1.2 
10,0 

1,0 

6,5 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0.0 

0.0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,1 

2,7 

1,0 

0,2 

2,4 

0,2 

0,7 

0,1 

8,0 

0,4 

4,9 

0,1 

0,4 

1,2 

0,1 

4,6 

0,4 

3,0 

0,3 

2,0 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

50% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

30% 

1,6 

44,2 

13,3 

1.7 

32,1 

2,7 

7,5 

1,1 
132,6 

4,6 

62,7 

1,2 

3,2 

20,4 

1,6 

82,7 

4,8 

53,0 

4,1 

30,8 

0,4 

8,8 

3,4 

0,5 

8,0 

0,7 

2,3 

0,3 

26,5 

1,2 

16,3 

0,3 

0,8 

4,1 

0,4 

15,2 

1,2 

10,0 

1,0 

6,5 

197 

(year al adoption) 

OP Trento R. 867/90(1996) 
OP Valle d'Aosta R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Veneto R. 866/90 (1996) 
OP Veneto R. 867/90 (1996) 
OP Bdzano R  866/90 (1995) 
Multiregional OPs 
OP Italia R. 951/97 and 867/90 (1997) 
Forecasts Italia R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Total 
Ipigiiiii^^ 
SPD Italia (1994) 
iiQt'i'WriftrWi^ 
SPD Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1995) 
SPD Liguria (1995) 
SPD Marche (1995) 
SPD Piemonte (1995) 
SPD Bdzano (1994) 
SPD Emilia-Romagna (1994) 
SPD Lazio (1994) 
SPD Lombardia (1994) 
SPD Umbria (1994) 
SPD Toscana (1994) 
SPD Trento (1994) 
SPD Valle d'Aosta (1994) 
SPD Veneto (1994) 
Total 
TOTAL 

Initiative 
(year of adoption} 

Adapt 
Italia (1995) 
6mpfoyrh*ot 
Italia (1994) 
Leader 
Lazio (1996) 
Liguria (1996) 
Lombardia (1996) 
Marche (1996) 
Molise(1996) 
Piemonte (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Sidiia(1996) 
Trento (1996) 
Veneto (1996) 
Abruzzo(1995) 
Basilicata(1995) 
Bolzano (1995) 
Calabria (1995) 
Campania (1995) 
Emilia-Romagna (1995) 
Friuli-Venezia Giulia (1995) 
Puglia (1995) 
Sardegna(1995) 
Toscana (1995) 
Umbria (1995) 
Valle d'Aosta (1995) 
Total 
Pasca 
Italia (1995) 
SMEs 
Italia (1996) 
Rechar 
Sardegna(1995) 
Toscana (1995) 
Total 
KottlftM 
Italia (1996) 
Re*ider 
Italia (1996) 

. . .. 

' Total cost 

:  s, funds 

contrib.  : 
to 

3,8 
0,7 
72,6 
3,1 
34.9 

714,0 
1.409,8 
2.744,9 

1,0 
0,2 
14,5 
0,8 
7,1 

185,6 
457,7 
775,0 

Commitment* 
1997 

i Commftmeftts 
1884*7 

% 

Payments 
1997 

Payment* 
1994*7 

% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

30,0 
92,9 
122,9 

(SWH 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

1,0 
0,2 
14,5 
0,8 
7,1 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,1 

0,3 
0.1 
4,4 
0,2 
5,6 

30,0 
210,4 
372,1 

16% 
46% 
48% 

15,0 
122,5 
139,7 

15,0 
181,3 
239,5 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
80% 

8% 
40% 
3 1% 

| 

456.4| 

134,4| 

2,8| 

47,5| 

35%) 

2,5| 

25,6) 

19% 

273,4 
185,3 
431,1 
425,0 
159,2 
311,2 
514,9 
250,3 
339,5 
728,4 
65,8 
13,9 
1.020,4 
4.718,5 
45.846,6 
Tofat&MEf 

44,0 
36,2 
76,2 
83,5 
43,6 
57,1 
145,7 
40,3 
75,5 
133,0 
19,9 
4,2 
145,6 
904,7 
19.561,7 
i  &  Funds ; 
contrib.  i 
m  : 

5,7 
4,3 
0,0 
0,0 
2,8 
13,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
48,9 
4,1 
0,0 
43,2| 
122,0 
4.849,sj 

17,6 
10,5 
9,2 
9,8 
14,7 
19,8 
16,7 
4,8 
10,7 
71,1 
6,7 
0,6 
70,3 
262,6 
11.311,2 
Commftmants i Commitments 

49*7 

[  1994*7 
1 

f*) 

mn 

40% 
29% 
12% 
12% 
34% 
35% 
11% 
12% 
14% 
53% 
34% 
14% 
48% 
29% 
68% 

2,8 
3,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,6 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
38,8 
1.1 
0.0 
25,0 
73,1 
2.316,7 
Payment» 
1987  -j 

8,8 
6,2 
4,6 
4,9 
6,9 
4,4 
8,3 
3,0 
5.4 
46,7 
3,2 
0.3 
33,6 
136,4 
6.481,7 
Payments 
1*W*7 

20% 
17% 
6% 
6% 
16% 
8% 
6% 
8% 
7% 
35% 
16% 
7% 
23% 
15% 
33% 

| 

| 

405,0| 

219,7) 

640,3| 

401,4| 

0,0| 

0,0| 

81,7| 

37%) 

0,0| 

41,1|  19% 

134,2| 

33%| 

0,o| 

67,6|  17% 

0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
1,3 
0,0 
4.2 
0.9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,0 
0,8 
0,8 
0,0 
13,3 

0,2| 

2,o| 

0,1 
0,1 
0,2 

0.0J 

0,0| 

4,2 
3,9 
4,5 
1,9 
0,3 
2,6 
2,0 
11,4 
2,2 
6,0 
15,4 
2,4 
4,8 
7,0 
3.5 
1.7 
1,5 
6,6 
5,1 
1,5 
2,4 
0,5 
91,2 

21% 
82% 
82% 
18% 
3% 
23% 
100% 
35% 
82% 
30% 
96% 
12% 
82% 
30% 
14% 
22% 
25% 
25% 
14% 
8% 
24% 
82% 
29% 

1,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,0 
0,7 
0,0 
2,1 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2,0 
0,4 
0,4 
0,0 
7,6 

2,1 
1,6 
1,9 
0,9 
0,1 
1,3 
0.8 
5,7 
0,8 
3,0 
7,7 
1,2 
2,0 
3,5 
1,8 
0,9 
0,7 
3,3 
2.5 
0,7 
1,0 
0,2 
43,8 

11% 
33% 
34% 
9% 
1% 
11% 
40% 
17% 
31% 
15% 
48% 
6% 
35% 
15% 
7% 
11% 
12% 
12% 
7% 
4% 
10% 
27% 
14% 

4,6| 

14%) 

0,11 

2,3) 

7% 

46,7| 

24%| 

1,0| 

23,4) 

12% 

0,9 
1.0 
1,9 

100% 
100% 
100% 

0,1 
0,0 
0,1 

0,4 
0,5 
0,9 

50% 
50% 
50% 

21,6| 

33%j 

0,0| 

10.8J 

17% 

42.8J 

46%| 

0.0| 

21,4|  23% 

73,9 
18,3 
17,3 
44,6 
18,1 
48,8 
3,1 
65,2 
10,5 
70,5 
31,9 
39,1 
23,4 
47,7 
51.3 
25,1 
'  17,7 
53,2 
78,0 
65,1 
38,0 
2,2 
843,1 

19,9 
4,8 
5,5 
10,3 
9,8 
11.3 
2,0 
32,6 
2,7 
19,9 
16,0 
19,6 
5,9 
23,2 
25.8 
7,7 
6,0 
26,6 
36,4 
18,1 
10,3 
0,6 
314,7 

-

| 

| 

| 

| 

82,4) 

34,2| 

648,5| 

192,5) 

1,8 
13,2 
15,0 

0,9 
1,0 
1,9 

317,5) 

64,8| 

427,11 

92,3] 

198 

initiative 
initiative 
{yeamt adoption) 
{yewr<>t adoption* 

•• 
•• 

Rate* 
Pete* 
Italia (Obj. regions) (1993) 
Italia (Obj. regions) (1993) 
Italia (Obj. 2 and 5(b) regions) (1993) 
Italia (Obj. 2 and 5(b) regions) (1993) 
Total 
Total 
SMttft 
ftlfettl 
Italia (1996) 
Italia (1996) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

fof&W?*^^ 
'$&!!&iJlB!fatt 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
(1997) 
(1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia: Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland€llada/ltalia  Central, Adriatic, 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia: Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Coree/Toscana (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
Italia/Albania: Puglia (1996) 
Italia/Albania: Puglia (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 
Ellada/ltalia (Regen Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada/ltalia (Regen Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (Regen) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (Regen) (1995) 

LUXEMBOURG 

Total cost 
Totaled** 

Sounds 
9, fund* 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 
ti) 
to 

86,4 
86,4 
178,8 
178,8 
265,2 
265,2 

337,5 
337,5 
3.981,6 
3.981,6 

43,4 
43,4 
39,6 
39,6 
83,0 
83,0 
-
-
136,0 
136,0 
1.540,5 
1.540,5 

304,9 
304,9 
27,4 
27,4 
31,4 
31,4 
30,5 
30,5 

36.8 
36.8 
71.8 
71.8 
58,2 
58,2 
178.2 
178.2 
159,1 
159,1 
52.7 
52.7 
189.4 
189.4 
459,2 
459,2 

169,2 
169,2 
11,8 
11,8 
15,6 
15,6 
15,2 
15,2 

20,9 
20,9 
33,7 
33,7 
18,6 
18,6 
81,5 
81,5 
57,0 
57,0 
20,0 
20,0 
75,8 
75,8 
183,7 
183,7 

Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1997 

Cemmttmerrts 
Commttmerrts; 
199447 
199447 

% 
% 

Payments 
Payments 
j 
1997 
j 
1997 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 
(3) 
(3) 

m,n 
<2JfU 

18% 
18% 
10% 
10% 
15% 
15% 

19% 
19% 
30% 
30% 

24% 
24% 
110% 
110% 
75% 
75% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 
98% 
98% 
19% 
19% 
26% 
26% 
100% 
100% 
29% 
29% 
100% 
100% 

7,9 
7,9 
4,2 
4,2 
12,1 
12,1 

26,4 
26,4 
463,1 
463,1 

39,9 
39,9 
13,1 
13,1 
11.7 
11.7 
15,2 
15,2 

20,9 
20,9 
33,1 
33,1 
18,2 
18,2 
15,5 
15,5 
15,1 
15,1 
20,0 
20,0 
22,0 
22,0 
183,7 
183,7 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
19,7 
15,7 

39,9 
39,9 
13,1 
13,1 
11.7 
11.7 
15,2 
15,2 

20,9 
20,9 
0,6 
0,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,4 
4,4 
0,0 
0,0 
80,5 
80,5 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

6,8 
6,8 
15,5 
15,5 

19,9 
19,9 
6,5 
6,5 
5,8 
5,8 
7,6 
7,6 

10,5 
10,5 
0,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
2.2 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
79,4 
79,4 

6,3 
6,3 
3,3 
3,3 
9,6 
9,6 

15% 
15% 
8% 
8% 
12% 
12% 

20,0 
20,0 
241,0 
241,0 

15% 
15% 
16% 
16% 

19,9 
19,9 
6,5 
6,5 
5,8 
5,8 
7,6 
7,6 

10,5 
10,5 
10,1 
10,1 
5,5 
5,5 
7,8 
7,8 
7,5 
7,5 
10,0 
10,0 
11.0 
11.0 
161,9 
161,9 

12% 
12% 
55% 
55% 
37% 
37% 
50% 
50% 

50% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
29% 
29% 
10% 
10% 
13% 
13% 
50% 
50% 
15% 
15% 
88% 
88% 

towmttw 
towmttw 
jya*ref*dopflon} 
jya«ref*dopflon} 

T<M$i4&til 
T<M$i4&til 

eomYlfc 
eo/itrfb.  i 

<#tamHm4ftts 
€dnttnHm4ftt* 
1997 
1997 

ComtttfttiMtftft 
1994-97 
1994-97 
m 
m 

% 
% 

Payments 
Payments 
P^rWeht^; 
P^tymeht^; 
199447 
199447 
j 
j 
1997 
1997 
m 
m 

SPD Luxembourg 1997.-99 (1997) 
SPD Luxembourg 1997.-99 (1997) 
SPD Luxembourg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Luxembourg 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
fttiSi^ 
fttiSi^ 
OP Private promoters (1994) 
OP Private promoters (1994) 
OP Public promoters (1994) 
OP Public promoters (1994) 
Total 
Total 

>MHHBSWRw:*>!w;**"*':':W 
>WKIWW«5!w:*&'&';W:-;":':^«:W 
SPD Public promoters (1994) 
SPD Public promoters (1994) 
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm 
Forecasts Luxembourg R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Forecasts Luxembourg R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Luxembourg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
SPD Luxembourg R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
Ottawa 9^} naherf** 
0tte^«*9^}nsherf** 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
Ortettfre*ft> 
Otfectfceift* 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
SPD Luxembourg (1994) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

45.3 
45.3 
18.2 
18.2 
63,6 
63,6 

21,6 
21,6 
25,3 
25,3 
46,9 
46,9 

6.1 
6.1 

128,4 
128,4 
20,5 
20,5 
148,9 
148,9 

3.7 
3.7 

9.8 
9.8 
5.3 
5.3 
15,2 
15,2 

9.7 
9.7 
11,4 
11,4 
21,1 
21,1 

2,3 
2,3 

36,7 
36,7 
3.1 
3.1 
39,8 
39,8 

1.1 
1.1 

6,0 
6,0 
86,6 
86,6 

& F u n ds 
& F u n ds 

9,8 
9,8 
-0,2 
-0,2 
9,6 
9,6 

1,4 
1,4 
1,9 
1,9 
3,3 
3,3 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

9,8 
9,8 
5,8 
5,8 
15,7 
15,7 

6,0 
6,0 
7,2 
7,2 
13,2 
13,2 

100% 
100% 
109% 
109% 
103% 
103% 

62% 
62% 
63% 
63% 
62% 
62% 

0,9 
0,9 

38% 
38% 

15,6 
15,6 
1,0 
1,0 
16,6 
16,6 

42% 
42% 
31% 
31% 
42% 
42% 

1.1 
1.1 

100% 
100% 

4,9 
4,9 
0,0 
0,0 
4,9 
4,9 

1,6 
1,6 
2,1 
2,1 
3,7 
3,7 

0,0 
0,0 

4,4 
4,4 
0,2 
0,2 
4,6 
4,6 

0.0 
0.0 

4,9 
4,9 
4,3 
4,3 
9,2 
9,2 

5,7 
5,7 
7,0 
7,0 
12,7 
12,7 

50% 
50% 
80% 
80% 
61% 
61% 

58% 
58% 
62% 
62% 
60% 
60% 

0,6 
0,6 

25% 
25% 

14,4 
14,4 
0,8 
0,8 
15,2 
15,2 

39% 
39% 
25% 
25% 
38% 
38% 

0,3 
0,3 

30% 
30% 

2,5 
1,7 
2,5 
1,7 
14,7 
14,7 
I 
49,9 
I 
49,9 
Commitments 
Commitments 
Commitments 
Commitments 
1987 
1987 
» 9 4 *r 
» 9 4 *r 

42% 
42% 
68% 
68% 
% 
% 

1,5 
1,5 
14,8 
14,8 
Payments 
Payments: 
i 
1997 
i 
1997 

1,9 
1,9 
39,9 
39,9 
Payments 
Payments 
1&94«87 
1994*7 

32% 
32% 
47% 
47% 

<*}  „: 
<*}  „: 

25,5 
25,5 
294,7 
294,7 
Total cost 
Total cost 

tnttlatlve 
initiative 
|ya*r of adoption) 
|ya*r of adoption) 

. . . .. 
. . . .. 

W"'""'"'""II"'"I','I"''"""II'I'II"M 
Si""'"'"'"""""""""""""""'' ,""M 
Luxembourg (1995) 
Luxembourg (1995) 
:£mp*9yftaH*rr 
:£mp*9yftaH*rr 
Luxembourg (1994) 
Luxembourg (1994) 
Leader 
Leader 
Luxembourg (1995) 
Luxembourg (1995) 
$MB* 
$M6* 
Luxembourg (19961 
Luxembourg (19961 
Koftvar 
Ko«v»r 
Luxembourg (1997) 
Luxembourg (1997) 
ttesloef 
ttesWef 
Luxembourg (1997) 
Luxembourg (1997) 
Urban: 
Urban: 
Luxembourg (1995) 
Luxembourg (1995) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
lrttett*gm*g*o 
Irttettegmaoeo 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg(l996) 
Luxembourg(l996) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 

0,8 
0,8 

0,6 
0,6 

4.8 
4.8 

1.4 
1.4 

1.3 
1.3 

0,3 
0,3 

0,3 
0,3 

1.0 
1.0 

0,3 
0,3 

0,4 
0,4 

57,9 
57,9 

13,3 
13,3 

1,0 
1.0 
67,9 
67,9 

0.5 
0.5 
16,1 
16,1 

0,0 
0.0 

0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

0,0 
0,0 

0.3 
0.3 

11.4 
11.4 

0.0 
0.0 
11,7 
11,7 

0,3 
0,3 

100% 
100% 

0,3 
0,3 

100% 
100% 

1.0 
1.0 

100% 
100% 

0,3 
0,3 

72% 
72% 

0.3 
0.3 

74% 
74% 

11,4 
11,4 

86% 
86% 

0,5 
0,5 
14,1 
14,1 

100% 
100% 
87% 
87% 

426,7 
426,7 

137,1 
137,1 

15,5 
15,5 

15,5 
15,5 

11% 
11% 

62,2 
62,2 
30,9 
30,9 

30,2 
30,2 
8,0 
8,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

26,2 
26,2 
8,0 
8,0 

87% 
87% 
100% 
100% 

0.0 
0.0 

0.0 
0.0 

0,2 
0,2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

3.4 
3.4 

0,0 
0,0 
3,8 
3,8 

0,0 
0,0 

1,4 
1,4 
0,0 
0,0 

0.1 
0.1 

30% 
30% 

0,2 
0,2 

50% 
50% 

0,7 
0,7 

65% 
65% 

0.1 
0.1 

22% 
22% 

0.1 
0.1 

22% 
22% 

3,4 
3,4 

26% 
26% 

0,3 
0,3 
4,7 
4,7 

50% 
50% 
29% 
29% 

0,0 
0,0 

0% 
0% 

13,5 
13,5 
2,4 
2,4 

45% 
45% 
30% 
30% 

199 
199 

JMEDERLAND 

Programmes 
Programmes 
(y«kar of adoption} 
(yaa? of adoption} 

Objective 1 
Objective 1 
SPD Flevoland (1994) 
SPD Flevoland (1994) 

Objective 2 
Objective 2 
SPD Amhem-Nrimegen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Arnhem-Nijmegen 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Oost  Brabant  1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Oost  Brabant  1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Lirnburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Zuid-Lirnburg 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Amhem-Nijmegen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Amhem-Nijmegen 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant  1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Oost Brabant  1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Zuid-Limburg 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel  1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Twente-Overijssel  1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
:Q0jB'CShfe):5S:;:W^ 
fflftlfpfShffclSilSjS^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
W^f^l^^^^&^^^^^^^^M^^M 
W^f^l^^^^&^^^^^^^^M^^M 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
'$!i!il$&^ 
'$!i!il$&^ 
Forecasts Nedertand R. 2328/91 (1995) 
Forecasts Nedertand R. 2328/91 (1995) 
SPD Nedertand R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
SPD Nedertand R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
< * S ^^ 
< * S ^^ 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
SPD Nedertand (1994) 
i i S S S S l ^ i i ^ » ^ ^ ^ M l M l E ^ ^ i l i ^M 
i i S S S S l ^ i i ^ » ^ ^ ^ M l M l E ^ ^ i l i ^M 
SPD Friesland (1994) 
SPD Friesland (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  (1994) 
SPD Groningen-Drenthe  (1994) 
SPD Limburg (1994) 
SPD Limburg (1994) 
SPD Overijssel (1994) 
SPD Overijssel (1994) 
SPD Zeeland (1994) 
SPD Zeeland (1994) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

'" 
initiative 
initiative 
'" 
(year <a adoption} 
(year «f adoption} 

. 
. 

Adapt 
Adapt 
Nedertand (1995) 
Nedertand (1995) 
Employment 
Employment 
Nedertand (1994) 
Nedertand (1994) 
Letde* 
Letde* 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Technical assistance national network (1997) 
Drenthe(1995) 
Drenthe(1995) 
Flevoland (1995) 
Flevoland (1995) 
Noordoost  Friesland/noordwest  Groningen (1995) 
Noordoost  Friesland/noordwest  Groningen (1995) 
Noordwest Friesland (1995) 
Noordwest Friesland (1995) 
Total 
Total 
'Pesca:':: 
Pesca':":.' 
Nedertand (1995) 
Nedertand (1995) 
SMEs  •;;:;;;:.:;*:.;:-:,:.:;.-;;;-vr;::':^::  • 
SMEs  •;;:;;;:.:;*;.::-:,:.::.-;;;-vr;::';:::::" 
Nedertand (1995) 
Nedertand (1995) 
i K o w^ 
i K i W !^ 
Nedertand (1996) 
Nedertand (1996) 
RetWef  ''>-:':;::.:'::•::•>:•:••'•:>:' 
Retider -i--.::.:::.:: 
Nedertand (1995) 
Nedertand (1995) 
! R e ^ ; ; ; j i ;^ 
! R e ^ ; ; l j i ; i ^^ 
Twente(1995) 
Twente(1995) 
IjuiiiSiiilili^ 
IjJiiiSiiiiiii^ 
Rotterdam (1997) 
Rotterdam (1997) 
Utrecht  (1997) 
Utrecht  (1997) 
Amsterdam (1995) 
Amsterdam (1995) 
Den Haag (1995) 
Den Haag (1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
lnte*reg,m»o**» 
lnte*reg,m»o**» 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschlanoVFrance/l.uxembourg/ 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschlanoVFrance/l.uxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
United Kingotom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
United Kingotom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
(1995) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Deutschland/Nedertand/Belgique/Belgig. Euregio Meuse-
Deutschland/Nedertand/Belgique/Belgig. Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) 
Rhine(1995) 

•  • 
•  • 

:: 

Total cost 
Total cost 

5.Funds 
5.Funds 
sentrifr, 
sentrifr, 
m 
m 

Commitments 
Commitments 
1987 
1987 

Commitments 
Commitments 
-  1994*7 
-  1994*7 
ft} 
ft} 

Payments 
Payments 
1997 
1497 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 

| 
| 

] 
] 
964,9 
964,9 

150,0 
150,0 
I 
I 

1 
1 
15,7 
15,7 

57,7 
57,7 
| 
| 

38% 
38% 
I 
I 

I 
I 
19,7 
19,7 

| 
| 
51,1 
51,1 

34% 
34% 

249,7 
249,7 
327,5 
327,5 
354,5 
354,5 
222,2 
222,2 
244,2 
244,2 
173,1 
173,1 
195,9 
195,9 
169,6 
169,6 
102,9 
102,9 
156,4 
156,4 
2.196,1 
2.196,1 

76,8 
76,8 
113,1 
113,1 
107,3 
107,3 
65,5 
65,5 
79,4 
79,4 
45,6 
45,6 
54,8 
54,8 
45,3 
45,3 
29.5 
29.5 
49,0 
49,0 
666,2 
666,2 

24,6 
24,6 
36,2 
36,2 
34,4 
34,4 
21,1 
21,1 
25,4 
25,4 
6,3 
6,3 
4,7 
4,7 
-0,7 
-0,7 
3,7 
3,7 
1,8 
1,8 
157,5 
157,5 

24,6 
24,6 
36,2 
36,2 
34,4 
34,4 
21,1 
21,1 
25,4 
25,4 
45,6 
45,6 
54,8 
54,8 
45,3 
45,3 
29,5 
29,5 
44,9 
44,9 
361,6 
361,6 

32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
32% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
92% 
92% 
64% 
64% 

12,3 
12,3 
18,1 
18,1 
17,2 
17,2 
10,5 
10,5 
12,7 
12,7 
21.4 
21.4 
16,7 
16,7 
14,6 
14,6 
8,1 
8,1 
14,6 
14,6 
146,2 
146,2 

12,3 
12,3 
18,1 
18,1 
17,2 
17,2 
10,5 
10,5 
12,7 
12,7 
34,1 
34,1 
46,6 
46,6 
37,9 
37,9 
16,4 
16,4 
32,1 
32,1 
238,0 
238,0 

16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
16% 
75% 
75% 
85% 
85% 
84% 
84% 
56% 
56% 
66% 
66% 
36% 
36% 

2.219,7 
2.219,7 

935,3 
935,3 
f 
f 

159,4 
159,4 

593,9 
593,9 

63% 
63% 

142,0 
142,0 

519,9 
519,9 

56% 
56% 

376,1 
376,1 
! 
! 

156,2 
156,2 

64,7 
64,7 

87,0 
87,0 

56% 
56% 

52.1 
52.1 

63,2 
63,2 

40% 
40% 

238,7 
238,7 
298,2 
298,2 
536,9 
536,9 

28,2 
28,2 
40,1 
40,1 
68,3 
68,3 

127.5 
127.5 

46,6 
46,6 

0,4 
0,4 
4,6 
4,6 
6,0 
6,0 

0,0 
0,0 

21,3 
21,3 
18,1 
18,1 
39,3 
39,3 

76% 
76% 
45% 
45% 
68% 
68% 

1,8 
1,8 
0,6 
0,6 
2,3 
2,3 

9,9 
9,9 
11,1 
11,1 
21,0 
21,0 

35% 
35% 
28% 
28% 
31% 
31% 

15,5 
15,5 

33% 
33% 

0,0 
0,0 

12,7 
12,7 

27% 
27% 

| 
| 

j 
j 

266,9 
266,9 
157,4 
157,4 
51,7 
51,7 
70,2 
70,2 
49,2 
49,2 
595,4 
595,4 
7.016,5 
7.016,5 
Total cost 
Total £0&t 

68,7 
68,7 
34,9 
34,9 
19,1 
19,1 
15,5 
15,5 
11,8 
11,8 
150,0 
150,0 
2.172,7 
2.172,7 

S,Funds 
S,Funds 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 

11,0 
11,0 
0,0 
0,0 
6,0 
6,0 
2,5 
2,5 
1,8 
1,8 
21,1 
21,1 
423,4 
423,4 
Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1997 

30,3 
30,3 
5,7 
5,7 
13,3 
13,3 
7,4 
7,4 
5,7 
5,7 
62,3 
62,3 
1.217,3 
1.217,3 
Commitments 
Commitments 
199447 
199447 
to 
to 

, 
, 

44% 
44% 
16% 
16% 
69% 
69% 
48% 
48% 
48% 
48% 
42% 
42% 
66% 
66% 
% 
% 

11,8 
11,8 
1,5 
1,5 
3,5 
3,5 
1,7 
1,7 
0.8 
0.8 
19,3 
19,3 
381,6 
381,6 
Payments 
Payments 
; 
1997 
; 
1997 

22,1 
22,1 
4,6 
4,6 
8,0 
8,0 
5.6 
5.6 
4,3 
4,3 
44,5 
44,5 
950,4 
950,4 
Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 

32% 
32% 
13% 
13% 
42% 
42% 
36% 
36% 
36% 
36% 
30% 
30% 
44% 
44% 

WW 
WW 

11,5 
11,5 

17% 
17% 

2,4 
2,4 

8,2 
8,2 

12% 
12% 

29,5 
29,5 

47% 
47% 

16,4 
16,4 

19,7 
19,7 

31% 
31% 

0,0 
0,0 
1,1 
1,1 
2,1 
2,1 
2,5 
2,5 
2,7 
2,7 
8,4 
8,4 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
95% 
95% 
100% 
100% 
98% 
98% 

10,5 
10,5 

99% 
99% 

10,3 
10,3 

100% 
100% 

12,0 
12,0 

100% 
100% 

22,5 
22,5 

96% 
96% 

1.0 
1.0 

100% 
100% 

6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
22,3 
128,1 
128,1 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

58% 
58% 

15,5 
15,5 

11% 
11% 

14,5 
14,5 
11.1 
11.1 
32,4 
32,4 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

33,5 
33,5 

94% 
94% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,1 
0,1 

1.4 
1.4 

0,0 
0,0 

0,5 
0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
0,3 
0,3 
0,1 
0,1 
4,3 
4,3 
25,2 
25,2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,3 
0,6 
0,6 
0,7 
0,7 
0,8 
0,8 
2,5 
2,5 

40% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
28% 
28% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
.. ,:::::::: 
.. ,:::::::: 
30% 
30% 

3,1 
3,1 
WMM8M 
WMM8M 
3.1 
3.1 

30% 
30% 

3,8 
3,8 

32% 
32% 

8,4 
8,4 

36% 
36% 

0,5 
0,5 

50% 
50% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
25% 
25% 

2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
2,0 
1,4 
1,4 
1,4 
1,4 
5,7 
5,7 
66,0 
66,0 

, 
, 

0,0 
0,0 

0% 
0% 

0,0 
0,0 
3,3 
3,3 
9,7 
9,7 

0% 
0% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

10,0 
10,0 

28% 
28% 

0,0 
0,0 

23,1 
23,1 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

1.0 
1.0 

4,4 
4,4 

0,0 
0,0 

6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
1,0 
1,0 
0,4 
0,4 
14,4 
14,4 
43,1 
43,1 

15,5 
15,5 

14,5 
14,5 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

168,9 
168,9 

69,7 
69,7 

136,0 
136,0 

62,6 
62,6 

0,1 
0,1 
2,8 
2,8 
4,4 
4,4 
14,4 
14,4 
13,5 
13,5 
35,2 
35,2 

0,0 
0,0 
1.1 
1.1 
2,1 
2,1 
2,6 
2,6 
2.7 
2,7 
8,5 
8,5 

34,2 
34,2 

10,6 
10,6 

26,9 
26,9 

10,3 
10,3 

32,0 
32,0 

12,0 
12,0 

83,8 
83,8 

23,5 
23,5 

3,5 
3,5 

1.0 
1.0 

23,6 
23,6 
26,0 
26,0 
19.7 
19.7 
68,2 
68,2 
137,4 
137,4 
658,0 
658,0 

6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
6,5 
4,7 
4,7 
4,7 
4,7 
22,3 
22,3 
220,6 
220,6 

426,7 
426,7 

137,1 
137,1 

30,3 
30,3 
22,8 
22,8 
66,3 
66,3 

14,5 
14,5 
11,1 
11,1 
32,4 
32,4 

71,9 
71,9 

35,7 
35,7 

200 

tftStfmttv* 
mHtottve 
(year «* adoption} 
(year «* adoption} 

Deutschland/Nederiand: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederiand: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 

Total cost 
Total cost 

contrfb. 
contrfb. 
m 
m 

22,5 
22,5 
22,0 
22,0 
6,4 
6,4 
11.5 
11.5 

62,7 
62,7 
53,6 
53,6 
12,8 
12,8 
23,2 
23,2 

Commitnteftts 
Commitnteftt* 
1997 
1997 

Comttrtmeftts 
Com^rtmatiits 
199447 
199447 
£* 
£* 

0,0 
0,0 
-2,2 
-2,2 
0,0 
0,0 
o.o 
o.o 

22.5 
22.5 
19,8 
19,8 
6,4 
6,4 
11,5 
11,5 

% 
% 

Paymants 
Paymants 
1997 
1997 

Wr 
Wr 

100% 
100% 
90% 
90% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,3 
0,3 

:  % 
:  % 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

mn 
mn 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
33% 
33% 

6,7 
6,7 
6,6 
6,6 
1.9 
1.9 
3,7 
3,7 

OSTERREICH 
6STERREICH 

Programmes 
Programmes 
^rear of adoption} 
{year of adoption} 

©fcfeaSiM 
©fcfeaSiM 
SPD Burgenland (1995) 
SPD Burgenland (1995) 
Oblectfoaji 
gfeftacjfefcft 
SPD Niederosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Niederosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Steiermark 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Steiermark 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
Total 
0b$ac$ve3 
0b$ac$ve3 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Objective 4 
Objective 4 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
Dbiw^sWAfltfcuftiire 
Obie^fv««(a}A«HcMHiire 
Forecasts Osterreich R. 2328/91 (1996) 
Forecasts Osterreich R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Osterreich R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Osterreich R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Total 
Objective**} Fisheries 
Objective**} Fisheries 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 
SPD Osterreich (1995) 

:0«e*ith*.!&} 
:0«e*ith!*-.!&* 
SPD Niederosterreich (1995) 
SPD Nieder&sterreich (1995) 
SPD KSrnten (1995) 
SPD KSrnten (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich (1995) 
SPD Oberosterreich (1995) 
SPD Salzburg (1995) 
SPD Salzburg (1995) 
SPD Steiermark (1995) 
SPD Steiermark (1995) 
SPD Tirol (1995) 
SPD Tirol (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg (1995) 
SPD Vorarlberg (1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

m*m 
m*m 
{yearoradoption} 
{yearof adoption} 

Mumm, 
Mumm, 

Total cost 
Total cost 

:  4. Funds 
:  4. Funds 
eontrfot 
eontrfot 
m 
m 

822,5 
822,5 

165,6 
165,6 

199,2 
199,2 
67,0 
67,0 
467,6 
467,6 
86,6 
86,6 
820,3 
820,3 

22,4 
22,4 
10,8 
10,8 
58,0 
58,0 
9,9 
9,9 
101,0 
101,0 

Commitments 
Commitments 
4997 
4997 

Commitments 
Commitments 
199447 
199447 

% 
% 

Payments: 
Payments: 
j 
j 
1997 
1997 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

% 
% 

50,0 
50,0 

0,0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
11,6 
11,6 
0,0 
0,0 
11,6 
11,6 

83,8 
83,8 

51% 
51% 

28,7 
28,7 

55.7 
55.7 

34% 
34% 

22,4 
22,4 
10,8 
10,8 
34,1 
34,1 
9,9 
9,9 
77,2 
77,2 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
59% 
59% 
100% 
100% 
76% 
76% 

10,3 
10,3 
3.2 
3.2 
7,0 
7,0 
3,6 
3,6 
24,2 
24,2 

17,9 
17,9 
8,6 
8,6 
22,8 
22,8 
7.9 
7.9 
67,2 
67,2 

80% 
80% 
80% 
80% 
39% 
39% 
80% 
80% 
67% 
67% 

797,2 
797,2 

341,3 
341,3 

135,6 
135,6 

265,3 
265,3 

78% 
78% 

95,4 
95,4 

199,2 
199,2 

58% 
58% 

175,0 
175,0 

62,3 
62,3 

1.264,9 
1.264,9 
941,7 
941,7 
2.206,6 
2.206,6 

334,6 
334,6 
64,3 
64,3 
398,9 
398,9 

15,6 
15,6 

2,0 
2,0 

20,9 
20,9 

64,7 
64,7 
5,4 
5,4 
70,1 
70,1 

0,0 
0,0 

32,6 
32,6 

52% 
52% 

10,5 
10,5 

19,9 
19,9 

32% 
32% 

171,0 
171,0 
36,6 
36,6 
207,6 
207,6 

51% 
51% 
57% 
57% 
62% 
62% 

68,8 
68,8 
12,4 
12,4 
81,2 
81,2 

157,4 
157,4 
31,7 
31,7 
189,1 
189,1 

47% 
47% 
49% 
49% 
47% 
47% 

2,0 
2,0 

100% 
100% 

0.0 
0.0 

1,0 
1,0 

50% 
50% 

762.7 
762.7 
404,8 
404,8 
539,3 
539,3 
104,2 
104,2 
629,2 
629,2 
181,3 
181,3 
58,3 
58,3 
2.679,9 
2.679,9 
7.617,2 
7.617,2 
Tote**o*v 
Tote**o*v 

111,6 
111,6 
58,0 
58,0 
98,5 
98,5 
16,0 
16,0 
85,3 
85,3 
34,4 
34,4 
7,2 
7,2 
411,0 
411,0 
1.482,1 
1.482,1 
6, Funds 
£L Funds 
contrltt, 
contrite 
r, M„nJ 
r, M„nJ 

9,1 
9,1 
10,0 
10,0 
11,3 
11,3 
3,2 
3,2 
10,1 
10,1 
5,4 
5,4 
0,6 
0,6 
49,7 
49,7 
337,9 
337,9 
Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1997 

39% 
39% 
56% 
56% 
42% 
42% 
50% 
50% 
43% 
43% 
*  47% 
*  47% 
36% 
36% 
44% 
44% 
57% 
57% 

43,0 
43,0 
32,3 
32,3 
41,4 
41,4 
8,0 
8,0 
36,3 
36,3 
16,1 
16,1 
2,6 
2,6 
179,6 
179,6 
848,1 
848,1 
Commitment* 
Commitment* 
1994-97 
199447 

16.0 
16.0 
9,7 
9,7 
16,7 
16,7 
2,8 
2,8 
10,1 
10,1 
2.7 
2.7 
0,6 
0,6 
68,7 
68,7 
298,7 
298,7 
Payments: 
Payments: 
1997  : 
1997  : 

35,0 
35,0 
19,3 
19,3 
34,4 
34,4 
5,6 
5,6 
31,0 
31,0 
10,0 
10,0 
2.0 
2,0 
137,2 
137,2 
669,2 
669,2 
Payment* 
Payment* 
199447 
199447 

31% 
31% 
33% 
33% 
35% 
35% 
35% 
35% 
36% 
36% 
29% 
29% 
28% 
28% 
33% 
33% 
44% 
44% 
% 
% 

. 
. 

Osterreich (1995) 
Osterreich (1995) 
Employment 
Employment 
Osterreich (1995) 
Osterreich (1995) 
Leader 
Leader 
Karnten (1996) 
Karnten (1996) 
Niederosterreich (1996) 
Niederosterreich (1996) 
Oberosterreich (1996) 
Oberosterreich (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Networks (1996) 
Salzburg (1996) 
Salzburg (1996) 
Steiermark (1996) 
Steiermark (1996) 
Tirol (1996) 
Tirol (1996) 
Vorarlberg (1996) 
Vorarlberg (1996) 
Burgenland (1995) 
Burgenland (1995) 
Total 
Total 
$ME* 
$ME* 
Osterreich (1996) 
Osterreich (1996) 
Recher 
Recher 
Steiermark, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Steiermark, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Restder 
Reslder 
Steiermark, Niederosterreich, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Steiermark, Niederosterreich, Oberosterreich (1996) 
Relax  -
Relax  -
Niederosterreich, Steiermark and Vorarlberg (1996) 
Niederosterreich, Steiermark and Vorarlberg (1996) 
Urban 
. 
. 
Urban 
Graz (1996) 
Graz (1996) 
Wien(1995) 
Wien(1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
Interfeomeaen 
Interfeomeaen 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/nalia: Central. Adriatic, 
Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/nalia: Central. Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) 

. 
. 

. ... 
. ... 

25,8 
25,8 

11,6 
11,6 

49,4 
49,4 

23,0 
23,0 

8,4 
8,4 
14,0 
14,0 
19,0 
19,0 
0,5 
0,5 
2,8 
2,8 
14,9 
14,9 
5,3 
5,3 
1.0 
1.0 
6,7 
6,7 
72,7 
72,7 

34,8 
34,8 

7.0 
7.0 

30,4 
30,4 

16,2 
16,2 

23,4 
23,4 
31,9 
31,9 
65,3 
65,3 
291,5 
291,5 

2,9 
2,9 
5,6 
5,6 
4,9 
4,9 
0,3 
0,3 
0,8 
0,8 
4,3 
4,3 
1.7 
1.7 
0.4 
0.4 
2,6 
2,6 
23,4 
23,4 

9,0 
9,0 

1.8 
1.8 

5.2 
5.2 

2,6 
2,6 

3,6 
3,6 
9,8 
9,8 
13,4 
13,4 
90,0 
90,0 

27,4 
27,4 

11,8 
11,8 

36,8 
36,8 
56,3 
56,3 

20,9 
20,9 
24,6 
24,6 

201 
201 

• ••••••  , & , ,„  „ 
•••••••  , & , ,„  „ 

„ Mi 
„ Mi 

t*|iimi: 
t*|| i m; 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 
0.2 
0.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,4 

0,0 
0,0 

0.7 
0.7 

0,8 
0,8 

0.0 
0.0 

0,7 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,7 
0,7 
2,6 
2,6 

13,1 
13,1 

20,9 
20,9 
0,0 
0,0 

11.6 
11.6 
-
-
23,0 
23,0 

2,5 
2,5 
4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
0,3 
0,3 
0,8 
0,8 
4,3 
4,3 
1,4 
1,4 
0,4 
0,4 
2,0 
2,0 
20,5 
20,5 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

85% 
85% 
80% 
80% 
91% 
91% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
80% 
100% 
100% 
78% 
78% 
88% 
88% 

9,0 
9,0 

100% 
100% 

1.8 
1.8 

100% 
100% 

5.2 
5.2 

100% 
100% 

2.6 
2.6 
-
-

3,6 
3,6 
9,8 
9,8 
13,4 
13,4 
87,1 
87,1 

100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
97% 
97% 

13,1 
13,1 

110% 
110% 

20,9 
20,9 
24,6 
24,6 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

' 
' 

' 
' 

0.0 
0.0 

6.9 
6.9 

0.6 
0.6 
0,6 
0,6 
0,4 
0,4 
0.0 
0.0 
0.1 
0.1 
0,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,1 
0.2 
0.2 
2,4 
2,4 

0.0 
0.0 

0,4 
0,4 

0.3 
0.3 

0.6 
0.6 

0,2 
0,2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,2 
0,2 
10,7 
10,7 

6,5 
6,5 

10,5 
10,5 
3,5 
3,5 

5,8 
5,8 

50% 
50% 

18,4 
18,4 

80% 
80% 

1.4 
1.4 
1.9 
1.9 
1,8 
1,8 
0,1 
0,1 
0,3 
0,3 
1.6 
1.6 
0.4 
0.4 
0,2 
0,2 
0,8 
0,8 
8,5 
8,5 

48% 
48% 
35% 
35% 
36% 
36% 
40% 
40% 
37% 
37% 
37% 
37% 
24% 
24% 
48% 
48% 
31% 
31% 
36% 
36% 

2.7 
2.7 

30% 
30% 

0.9 
0.9 

50% 
50% 

2.5 
2.5 

47% 
47% 

1.9 
1.9 

72% 
72% 

1,1 
1,1 
4,9 
4,9 
6,0 
6,0 
46,6 
46,6 

30% 
30% 
50% 
50% 
45% 
45% 
62% 
62% 

6,5 
6,5 

55% 
55% 

10,5 
10,5 
10,9 
10,9 

50% 
50% 
44% 
44% 

mm* 
mm* 
(yearotadoptton* 
(yearotadoptton* 

Osterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreicn/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreicn/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovakia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovakia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovenia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slovenia (1995) 

PORTUGAL 
PORTUGAL 

• Y&l&&m 
• Y&l&&m 

;  4. Fund* 
;  4,F*md* 
i  toofeibv 
i  toofeibv 

Commrtmwtt* 
Comwrtmwtt* 
Am  > 
Am  > 

Commftmaftta 
Commftmaftta 
199447 
199447 
to 
to 

% 
% 

Payments 
Payments 
1997 
1997 

28,2 
28,2 
12,1 
12,1 
16,0 
16,0 
22,6 
22,6 

11,0 
11,0 
4,5 
4,5 
5,5 
5,5 
9,0 
9,0 

2.2 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

11.0 
11.0 
4,5 
4,5 
5.5 
5.5 
9,0 
9,0 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0,7 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

payment* 
payment* 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

3,3 
3,3 
1.4 
1.4 
1,7 
1,7 
2,7 
2,7 

30% 
30% 
X% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

•. -Programmes 
..-Proajntmme* 
{yaW*? adoption) 
|y4rtof adoption) 

T C ^ C O Si 
T C ^ C O Si 

fiioimntoisejit» 
fiioimntoisejit» 

Commttroonts 
Commttroants 
199447 
199447 

Payment* 
Payment* 
1997  ^ 
1997  ^ 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 

;  % 
;  % 

•'IPWrt 
•'IPWrt 

Regional OPs 
Regional OPs 
OP Alqueva area (1997) 
OP Alqueva area (1997) 
OPApores(1994) 
OPAgores(1994) 
OPAIentejo(1994) 
OPAIentejo(1994) 
OPAIgarve(1994) 
OPAIgarve(1994) 
OPCentro(1994) 
OPCentro(1994) 
OP Lisboa e Vale do  Tejo (1994) 
OP Lisboa e Vale do  Tejo (1994) 
OP Madeira (1994) 
OP Madeira (1994) 
OP Norte (1994) 
OP Norte (1994) 
MurUregional OPs 
MurUregional OPs 
GG Local investment (1995) 
GG Local investment (1995) 
OP Technical assistance (1994) 
OP Technical assistance (1994) 
OP Knowledge and Innovation (1994) 
OP Knowledge and Innovation (1994) 
OP Endogenous development (1994) 
OP Endogenous development (1994) 
OP Environment/urban renewal (1994) 
OP Environment/urban renewal (1994) 
OP Training and employment (1994) 
OP Training and employment (1994) 
OP Infrastructure (1994) 
OP Infrastructure (1994) 
OP Economic modernisation (1994) 
OP Economic modernisation (1994) 
OPPrinest(1)(1994) 
OPPrinest(1)(1994) 
OP Health and  social integration (1994) 
OP Health and  social integration (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Technical assistance 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

tttWativa 
tttWativa 
{yaar^aooptton* 
{yaarof adoption* 

iilWapt 
i&topji 
Portugal (1995| 
Portugal (1995| 
Imtfbynaaf-
Imtfbynaaf-
Portugal (1994) 
Portugal (1994) 
LaKdMr 
LaKdMr 
Portugal(1995) 
Portugal(1995) 
P W» 
P W» 
Portugal (1994) 
Portugal (1994) 
:$MiB* 
:$MiB* 
Portugal (1995) 
Portugal (1995) 
IrHtlttir 
IrHtlttir 
Portugal (1995) 
Portugal (1995) 

, 
, 

r 
r 

* * 0& 
* * 0& 
Portugal (1995) 
Portugal (1995) 
KOrnW 
Hoover 
Portugal (1995) 
Portugal (1995) 
ItesWar 
ItesWar 
Portugal (1994) 
Portugal (1994) 
Rate* 
Rate* 
Portugal (1993) 
Portugal (1993) 
$ i $ i # i i i l $ |^ 
$ i $ i # i i i l $ |^ 
Lisboa e Porto (1995) 
Lisboa e Porto (1995) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
in^anii^aen 
j r ^ w i i ^ a en 
Portugal. Drought prevention (1997) 
Portugal. Drought prevention (1997) 
Espaha/Portugal (1995) 
Espafta/Portugal (1995) 
Espafta/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1996) 
Espafta/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1996) 

SUOMI/FINLAND 
SUOMI/FINLAND 

*• I^<i9fa*irtrj»#a. 
*• l^<io^a*irtrj»#a. 
fy*w of adopdott* 
fy*w of e<tepdoti* 

<Snt*/:f tw* lb 
<Snt*/:f tw* lb 

SPD Suomi Finland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Suomi Finland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Suomi Finland 1995-96 (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland 1995-96 (1995) 
Total 
Total 

(1 ) Statistical infrastructure 

^8* Funds 
^8X Funds 
: sitOtltnOV 
: sitOtltnOV 
''  Pfc  • 
''  Pfc  • 

203,1 
203,1 
647,0 
647,0 
182,0 
182,0 
76,0 
76,0 
362,0 
362,0 
382,0 
382,0 
374,3 
374,3 
541,1 
541,1 

-
-

376,7 
376,7 
872,9 
872,9 
250,6 
250,6 
101,9 
101,9 
490,5 
490,5 
517,2 
517,2 
677,8 
677,8 
729,5 
729,5 

39,0 
39,0 
155.4 
155.4 
36,5 
36,5 
14,9 
14,9 
78,1 
78,1 
88,8 
88,8 
55,0 
55,0 
105,8 
105,8 

39,0 
39,0 
528,6 
528,6 
145,0 
145,0 
59.4 
59.4 
275,5 
275,5 
288,8 
288,8 
328,3 
328,3 
423,3 
423,3 

33,3 
33,3 
135,6 
135,6 
2.276,2 
2.276,2 
941,6 
941,6 
952,3 
952,3 
1.912,8 
1.912,8 
3.979,6 
3.979,6 
10.492,7 
10.492,7 
40,0 
40,0 
942,3 
942,3 
1.2 
1.2 
25.724,8 
25.724,8 
. Tivha •***& 
. Tivha •***& 

25,0 
25,0 
101,7 
101,7 
1.689,4 
1.689,4 
401,9 
401,9 
559,0 
559,0 
1407,8 
1407,8 
1.997,9 
1.997,9 
4.420,5 
4.420,5 
30,0 
30,0 
705,0 
705,0 
1,1 
1,1 
14.106,8 
14.106,8 
S.ptmd* 
S.ptmd* 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
166,5 
166,5 
99,4 
99,4 
246,4 
246,4 
105,0 
105,0 
352,2 
352,2 
628,0 
628,0 
0,0 
0,0 
181,9 
181,9 
0.3 
0.3 
2.363,2 
2.363,2 
^n^Hmerrt* 
^n^Hmerrt* 
Am 
Am 

25,0 
25,0 
44,0 
44,0 
1.062,0 
1.062,0 
181.5 
181.5 
475,8 
475,8 
672.3 
672.3 
1.630,5 
1.630,5 
2.957,4 
2.957,4 
30,0 
30,0 
502,9 
502,9 
1.1 
1.1 
9.870,6 
9.870,6 
Comiitrtniajifi 
Comiitrtmajifi 
*#9447 
*#9447 
to 
to 

, 
, 

fà 
fà 

, 
, 

•  ''• 
•  ''• 

21,4 
21,4 
-  , 
'  , 
45,5 
45,5 

29,8 
29,8 

61,8 
61,8 

174,5 
174,5 

130,9 
130,9 

53.2 
53.2 
' 
' 
238,6 
238,6 

29,3 
29,3 

125,4 
125,4 

3,0 
3,0 

2,3 
2,3 

0,4 
0,4 

11,6 
11,6 

39.9 
39.9 
* 
* 

1,8 
1,8 

0,0 
0,0 

1,4 
1,4 

21,4 
21,4 

100% 
100% 

21,2 
21,2 

47% 
47% 

50,6 
50,6 

39% 
39% 

29,3 
29,3 

100% 
100% 

14,4 
14,4 

2,2 
2,2 

12% 
12% 
.. 
.. 
99% 
99% 

19% 
19% 
82% 
82% 
80% 
80% 
78% 
78% 
76% 
76% 
76% 
76% 
88% 
88% 
78% 
78% 

100% 
100% 
43% 
43% 
63% 
63% 
45% 
45% 
85% 
85% 
62% 
62% 
82% 
82% 
67% 
67% 
100% 
100% 
71% 
71% 
97% 
97% 
70% 
70% 

f¥m; 

19,5 
19,5 
118,4 
118,4 
47,9 
47,9 
15,1 
15,1 
51,0 
51,0 
77,8 
77,8 
79,1 
79,1 
103,5 
103,5 

19,5 
19,5 
437,0 
437,0 
120,7 
120,7 
53,2 
53,2 
222,2 
222,2 
229,3 
229,3 
288,0 
288,0 
349,7 
349,7 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
198,5 
198,5 
73,9 
73,9 
115,7 
115,7 
132,3 
132,3 
628,9 
628,9 
482,5 
482,5 
7,6 
7,6 
102,2 
102,2 
0,0 
0,0 
2.253,8 
2.253,8 

7,5 
7.5 
31,0 
31,0 
865,3 
865,3 
135,9 
135,9 
318,2 
318,2 
685,6 
685,6 
1.489,4 
1.489,4 
2.287,3 
2.287,3 
28,5 
28,5 
383,1 
383,1 
0.8 
0.8 
7.952,6 
7.952,6 
Payment* 
Payment* 
18*447 
,  1^ 

10% 
10% 
68% 
68% 
66% 
66% 
70% 
70% 
61% 
61% 
60% 
60% 
77% 
77% 
65% 
65% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
51% 
51% 
34% 
34% 
57% 
57% 
49% 
49% 
75% 
75% 
52% 
52% 
95% 
95% 
54% 
54% 
67% 
67% 
66% 
66% 
% 
% 

mn 
mn 

4,4 
4,4 

7,9 
7,9 

20.5 
20.5 
* 
* 
2.2 
2.2 

0,0 
0,0 

0,4 
0,4 

10,7 
10,7 

50% 
50% 

12.9 
12.9 

28% 
28% 

28,9 
28,9 

22% 
22% 

8,8 
8,8 

30% 
30% 

7.2 
7.2 

6% 
6% 

1.1 
1.1 

50% 
50% 

161.5 
161.5 

126.5 
126.5 

25,1 
25,1 

105,5 
105,5 

83% 
83% 

13.8 
13.8 

86.7 
86.7 

69% 
69% 

18,2 
18,2 

14.0 
14.0 

14,9 
14,9 

9.1 
9.1 

478,2 
478,2 
i i i l l i l i il 
i i i l l i l i il 
69,6 
69,6 
1.303,4 
1.303,4 

8,4 
8,4 
755,3 
755,3 
548,2 
548,2 

204,9 
204,9 

50,0 
50,0 
769,2 
769,2 

6,2 
6,2 
552,0 
552,0 
220,0 
220,0 

6,1 
6,1 

2,2 
2,2 

0,0 
0,0 

11,8 
11,8 
100,2 
100,2 

6,2 
6,2 
0,0 
0,0 
23,0 
23,0 

14.0 
14.0 

100% 
100% 

9.1 
9.1 

100% 
100% 

7,2 
7,2 

1.7 
1.7 

-
-

11.2 
11.2 

80% 
80% 

7* 
7;3 

80% 
80% 

194.8 
194.8 

95% 
95% 

10,0 
10,0 

100,4 
100,4 

49% 
49% 

21,1 
21,1 
483,5 
483,5 

42% 
42% 
64% 
64% 

6,2 
6,2 
240,2 
240,2 
216,4 
216,4 

100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
98% 
98% 

11,8 
11,8 
80,0 
80,0 

2,5 
2,5 
50,5 
50,5 
17,8 
17,8 

16.4 
16.4 
291,7 
291,7 

2.5 
2.5 
154.4 
154.4 
180.3 
180.3 

33% 
33% 
38% 
38% 

40% 
40% 
28% 
28% 
82% 
82% 

ToMvost 
T o M w st 

«•Ptmds 
«•Ptmds 

]  m 
]  m 

Comtajtmantg 
Comtajtmants 
ym  ' 
ym  ' 

0ommJtme*fW 
OommJtmettU 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

% 
% 

PKtt 
PKtt 

PaytiWrjrf!*.! 
PsytiWrti*.; 
1 * 9 7'  | 
1 * 9 7'  | 

l**ym*ots-
l*<rym*ots-
{99447 
{99447 
ml. 
ml. 

% 
% 

743,6 
743,6 
346,4 
346,4 
1.090,0 
1.090,0 

135,3 
135,3 
54,1 
54,1 
189,4 
189,4 

55,2 
55,2 
1,7 
1,7 
66,9 
66,9 

55,2 
55,2 
54,1 
54,1 
109,3 
109,3 

41% 
41% 
100% 
100% 
68% 
68% 

27,6 
27,6 
15,9 
15,9 
43,6 
43,6 

27.6 
27.6 
45.7 
45.7 
73,3 
73,3 

20% 
20% 
84% 
84% 
39% 
39% 

202 

(ysearot adoption} 
(yearor adoption} 

Total cost 
Total cost 

$-*Wn4$ 
Svfwnrfc 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 

<^mrnHment* 
<^rrwHment* 
1*97 
1*97 

<*»mm«merrts 
<*»mmlfmerrts 
:  199447 
:  199447 

payments 
payments 
1997 
1997 

payments 
payments 
199447 
199447 

mn 
mn 

to 
to 

' 
' 

' 
' 

' 
' 
931,3 
931,3 

258.4 
258.4 

Objective* 
Objective* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
Objective* 
Objective* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
0b|e<#Y*8<*}*flrfqum*re 
£fefc^lfe}*gtfcu!ftff» 
Forecasts Suomi Finland R  2328/91 (1996) 
Forecasts Suomi Finland R  2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Suomi Finland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland R. 866 and 867/90 (1995) 
Total 
Total 
Object •mstttrfe* 
0Si«!tto<^1t»tato* 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
wSpMSSe19{OJt 
wSpMSSe19{OJt 
SPD Aland (1995) 
SPD Aland (1995) 
SPD Manner-Suomi (1995) 
SPD Manner-Suomi (1995) 
Total 
Total 

WPfWCSvfnK wm tt 
WPfWCSvfnK wm tt 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
SPD Suomi Finland (1995) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

fcJtiatiy* 
fcjtiatiy* 
{year of adoption} 
{year of adoption} 

IMS 
IMS 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
Employment 
Employment 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
Suomi Finland (1995) 
:L**d#r 
iUftdftr 
Technical assistance - national network (1997) 
Technical assistance - national network (1997) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 6) (1996) 
Suomi Finland (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
Total 
iPdscri-
iPysd* 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
SMEs 
• 
SMEs 
• 
Suomi Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland (1996) 

iu'fta* 
iu'fta* 
Helsinki/Vantaa(l997) 
Helsinki/Vantaa(l997) 
Joensuu(1996) 
Joensuu(1996) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
ina^o^ftegofl 
ina^o^ftegofl 
Darvnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige  Baltic Sea 
Darvnark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige  Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
(1997) 
Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Finland (1996) 
Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia  Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia  Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia South-east  Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia South-east  Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Calotte (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Calotte (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
(1996) 
(1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige:  Islands (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige:  Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia:  Barents Sea 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia:  Barents Sea 
(1996) 
(1996) 

SVERIGE 
SVERIGE 

318,5 
318,5 

87,6 
87,6 

1.153,9 
1.153,9 
359,2 
359,2 
1.613,1 
1.613,1 

294,2 
294,2 
43,1 
43,1 
337,3 
337,3 

78,5 
78,5 

23.0 
23.0 

10,3 
10,3 
613,8 
613,8 
624,0 
624,0 

1.316,9 
1.316,9 
6.872,2 
6.872,2 
Tot** COS* 
Tot** cost 

2.6 
2.6 
191,4 
191,4 
194,0 
194,0 

459,9 
459,9 
1.649,6 
1.649,6 

•  contrilx 
•  comyibx-

51,2 
51,2 

23.6 
23.6 

73,7 
73,7 

33.2 
33.2 

0,5 
0,5 
44,3 
44,3 
32,1 
32,1 
77,0 
77,0 

8,8 
8,8 

27,9 
27,9 

10,2 
10,2 
5,3 
5,3 
16,5 
16,5 
254,0 
254,0 

0,2 
0,2 
16,2 
16,2 
11,9 
11,9 
28,3 
28,3 

3.4 
3.4 

« 
« 
11,1 
11,1 

3,9 
3,9 
4,0 
4,0 
7,9 
7,9 
107,6 
107,6 

71,9 
71,9 

21,9 
21,9 

55,0 
55,0 
12,1 
12,1 
67,1 
67,1 

' 
' 

0.0 
0.0 

0,0 
0,0 
36,9 
36,9 
36,9 
36,9 

167,2 
167,2 

! 
65% 
65% 
! 

53,0 
53,0 

104,3 
104,3 

|  40% 
|  40% 

45,5 
45,5 

52% 
52% 
! 
! 

[ 
15,1 
15,1 
[ 

28,0 
28,0 

32% 
32% 

162,8 
162,8 
19,0 
19,0 
181,9 
181,9 

55% 
55% 
44% 
44% 
64% 
64% 

23,0 
23,0 

100% 
100% 

2,6 
2,6 
83,3 
83,3 
86,9 
86,9 

100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
44% 
44% 

99,0 
99,0 
10,3 
10,3 
109,3 
109,3 
-
-
11.5 
11.5 

0,6 
0,6 
30,2 
30,2 
30,7 
30,7 

150,8 
150,8 
15,8 
15,8 
166,7 
166,7 

51% 
51% 
37% 
37% 
49% 
49% 

16,4 
16,4 

80% 
80% 

1,4 
1,4 
53,0 
53,0 
64,3 
64,3 

52% 
52% 
28% 
28% 
28% 
28% 
' 
' 
36% 
36% 
39% 
39% 

114,1 
114,1 
368,8 
368,8 
c^nrniitment* 
£*tmttfto»a*!$* 
mt 
mt 

272,3 
272,3 
886,1 
886,1 
Comm|tm*u{* 
Commltm*u{* 
199447 
-
199447 
-
[,„.„„,#,';,„„„ 
[,„.„„,#,';,„„„ 

59% 
59% 
67% 
67% 

81,1 
81,1 
344,3 
344,3 

JNjW#n& 
JNjW#n& 
! 
1997 
j 
1967 

163,7 
163,7 
608,6 
608,6 
Payment* 
Paymant* 
199447 
199447 

,$?„,„• 
,$?„,„• 

3,9 
3,9 

4.0 
4.0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

3.7 
3.7 

2.5 
2.5 
0,8 
0,8 
3,4 
3,4 
14,9 
14,9 

23,6 
23,6 

100% 
100% 

0.0 
0.0 

9,9 
9,9 

42% 
42% 

33.2 
33,2 

100% 
100% 

,  , ,  *» 
, ,,  w 

18.5 
18,5 

56% 
56% 

0,0 
0,0 
16,2 
16,2 
11.9 
11.9 
28,1 
28,1 

. 0% 
. 0% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
99% 
99% 

3.4 
3.4 

100% 
100% 

11.1 
11.1 

100% 
100% 

2,5 
2,5 
4,0 
4,0 
6,6 
6,6 
106,8 
106,8 

65% 
65% 
100% 
100% 
82% 
82% 
98% 
98% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0.0 
0.0 

1,1 
1,1 

1,3 
1,3 
0,4 
0,4 
1,7 
1,7 
6,7 
6,7 

0,0 
0.0 
4,8 
4,8 
3,6 
3,6 
8,4 
8,4 

0% 
0% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

1.1 
1.1 

33% 
33% 

3.3 
3,3 

30% 
30% 

1,3 
1,3 
2,0 
2,0 
3,3 
3,3 
44,5 
44,5 

32% 
32% 
50% 
50% 
41% 
41% 
41% 
41% 

47,5 
47,5 

25,0 
25,0 

25,0 
25,0 

25,0 
25,0 

100% 
100% 

12,5 
12,5 

12.5 
12.5 

50% 
50% 

22,7 
22,7 
31,8 
31,8 
40,7 
40,7 
29,2 
29,2 

14,6 
14,6 
9.5 
9.5 

6,1 
6,1 
13,9 
13,9 
9.6 
9.6 
12,2 
12,2 

6,6 
6,6 
4.0 
4.0 

23,4 
23,4 

10.5 
10.5 

2,0 
2,0 
3,4 
3,4 
1,9 
1,9 
3,4 
3,4 

1.6 
1.6 
0.4 
0.4 

3,8 
3,8 

6.1 
6.1 
13,9 
13,9 
9,6 
9,6 
12,2 
12,2 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

6,6 
6,6 
4,0 
4,0 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

10,5 
10,5 

100% 
100% 

0,6 
0,6 
1,0 
1,0 
0,6 
0,6 
3,3 
3,3 

1.8 
1.8 
0,2 
0,2 

3.1 
3.1 

1.8 
1.8 
4,2 
4,2 
2.9 
2,9 
3,7 
3,7 

2,0 
2,0 
1,2 
1,2 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

3,1 
3,1 

30% 
30% 

Programme* 
Programme* 
{year of adoption} 
{year of adoption} 

Total «OSt 
Total «OSt 

£, Funds: 
£, Funds: 
eontrib.  : 
eontrib.  : 

Commitments 
Commitment* 
1987 
1997 

Commrtroem* 
Commrtroem* 
199447 
199447 

% 
% 

Payments: 
Payments: 
i 
1997 
i 
1997 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

0fiiarshn%3i 
0fiiarshn%3i 
SPD Angerlandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Angerlandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Bergslagen 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Bergslagen 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Blekinge 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Blekinge 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Fyrstad 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Fyrstad 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Noma Norrtandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
SPD Norra Norrtandskusten 1995-99 (1995) 
Total 
Total 

SPD Sverige (1995) 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
Qbje£fntie4 
QbftoBuVik^ 
SPD Sverige (1996) 
SPD Sverige (1996) 
Objective «ta)Agricurt«r* 
Objective***) Agricurtttr* 
Forecasts Sverige R. 2328/91 (1996) 
Forecasts Sverige R. 2328/91 (1996) 
SPD Sverige R. 866 and 867/90 (1996) 
SPD Sverige R. 866 and 867/90 (1996) 
Total 
Total 
ObJeCttv* 6(a} Fisheries 
ObJeCttv* 6(a} Fisheries 
SPD Sverige  (1995) 
SPD Sverige  (1995) 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

92,6 
92,6 

0,0 
0,0 

13,0 
13,0 
0,8 
0,8 
13,8 
13,8 

0,2 
0,2 

18,0 
18,0 
12,8 
12,8 
15,0 
15,0 
24.0 
24.0 
36,0 
36,0 
106,8 
106,8 

165,6 
165,6 

100% 
100% 
19% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
66% 
66% 
-
-
48% 
48% 

-
-

37,5 
37,5 

22% 
22% 

42,2 
42,2 
11,8 
11,8 
54,0 
54,0 

40,2 
40,2 

53% 
53% 
50% 
50% 
62% 
62% 
, 
, 
97% 
97% 

7,1 
7,1 
2,7 
2,7 
6,2 
6,2 
3,8 
3,8 
5,7 
5,7 
25,6 
25,6 

13,3 
13,3 
9.1 
9.1 
11.2 
11.2 
12,0 
12,0 
18,0 
18,0 
63,6 
63,6 

74% 
74% 
14% 
14% 
75% 
75% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
40% 
40% 

68,5 
68,5 

105,0 
105,0 

30% 
30% 

0.0 
0.0 

, 
, 
10,0 
10,0 
4,0 
4.0 
14,0 
14,0 

18.8 
18.8 

11% 
11% 

i 
i 

Yi, 
Yi, 
39,3 
39,3 
9.4 
9.4 
48,7 
48,7 

49% 
49% 
40% 
40% 
47% 
47% 

20,0 
20,0 

32,0 
32,0 

77% 
77% 

89,5 
89,5 
321,4 
321,4 
85,8 
85,8 
145,5 
145,5 
161,2 
161,2 
803,4 
803,4 

18,0 
18,0 
67,0 
67,0 
15.0 
15.0 
24,0 
24,0 
36,0 
36,0 
160,0 
160,0 

771,0 
771,0 

347.0 
347.0 

612,6 
612,6 

173.0 
173.0 

304,6 
304,6 
187,8 
187,8 
492,4 
492,4 

79,7 
79,7 
23,5 
23,5 
103,2 
103,2 

120,4 
120,4 

41,4 
41,4 

203 

Programmes 
Programmes 
{year «i adoption} 
{year «i adoption} 

Ofciatffeffti 
Oblecthre^b} 
SPD Gotland (1996) 
SPD Gotland (1996) 
SPD Skargarden (1996) 
SPD Skargarden (1996) 
SPD Sydostra Sverige (1996) 
SPD Sydostra Sverige (1996) 
SPD VasterbotterVO&vle/Dala (1996) 
SPD Vasterbotten/Gavle/Dala (1996) 
SPD Vastra Sverige (1996) 
SPD Vastra Sverige (1996) 
Total 
Total 

i^pS^PI^wlif^R.™ 
i^pS^PI^wlif^R.™ 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
SPD Sverige (1995) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
- 
- 

mroativa 
mitiative 
^yaarofadoption} 
{yeafofadoption} 

; 
; 

; 
; 
Ad»pt 
Adapt 
Sverige (1995) 
Sverige (1995) 
§m&to!Mm& 
§m&to!Mm& 
Sverige (1995) 
Sverige (1995) 
:jLeader 
iLeader 
National network (1997) 
National network (1997) 
Sverige (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Sverige (Objective 5(b)) (1996) 
Sverige (Objective 6) (1996) 
Sverige (Objective 6) (1996) 
Total 
Total 
Pofca 
Pafca 
Sverige (1996) 
Sverige (1996) 

fPSwflf 
fPSwflf 
Sverige (1996) 
Sverige (1996) 

iKiwwir.".'.'.'... 
iKiwwir.".'.'.'... 
Kartskoga, Karisborg (1996) 
Kartskoga, Karisborg (1996) 
:urt>*»> 
:urt>«> 
Malmo (1996) 
Malmo (1996) 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 
jfiferr48i$!Hl*n 
jfiferr48i$!Hl*n 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Svenge  Baltic Sea 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Svenge  Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
(1997) 
United KingdonVDanmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
United Kingdom/Danmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
Deutschland North Sea (1997) 
Deutschland North Sea (1997) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norvege: Kvarken and 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norvege: Kvarken and 
Mittskandia (1996) 
Mittskandia (1996) 
Suomi Rnland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Suomi Rnland/Sverige: Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: QQteborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: GQteborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia  Barents Sea 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia  Barents Sea 
(1996) 
(1996) 

Total cost 
Total cost 

! $.*W49-
;  &*»»n4* 
:  contrfb. 
:  contrfb. 
m 
m 

<^rwortm*rrts 
<^mmrtmerrts 
1997 
1997 

Comrnrtmeflts 
Comrnrtmeflts 
199447 
i 
199447 
i 
M 
M 

:  % 
:  % 

Payment* 
p*yfM*wt* 
1997 
1997 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 
m 
m 

:  % 
:  * 

•k 
•k 

50,1 
50,1 
30,3 
30,3 
327,0 
327,0 
199,7 
199,7 
120,1 
120,1 
727,1 
727,1 

11.2 
11.2 
7,2 
7,2 
49,0 
49,0 
42,9 
42,9 
X .7 
X .7 
141,0 
141,0 

o.o 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,6 
4,6 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
4,6 
4,6 

11,2 
11,2 
7,2 
7,2 
12,5 
12,5 
8,0 
8,0 
30,7 
30,7 
69,6 
69,6 

635,0 
635,0 
4.162,0 
4.162,0 
. Total cost 
. Total cost 

,  " 
, '" 

252.0 
252.0 
1.217,6 
1.217,6 
A. Funds"; 
A. Fund*': 
ttintlflo*-

23,7 
23,7 
134,9 
134,9 
Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1987 

80,1 
80,1 
662,7 
662,7 
Comm)tmont9 
Comm)tmoot9 
199447 
199447 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
25% 
25% 
19% 
19% 
100% 
100% 
49% 
49% 

32% 
32% 
46% 
46% 

50% 
50% 
30% 
30% 
18% 
18% 
11% 
11% 
60% 
60% 
28% 
28% 

24% 
24% 
30% 
30% 

2,3 
2,3 
0,0 
0,0 
5,0 
5,0 
0,9 
0,9 
9.1 
9.1 
17,4 
17,4 

5,7 
5,7 
2,1 
2,1 
9,0 
9,0 
4,9 
4,9 
18,3 
18,3 
40,0 
40,0 

28,6 
28,6 
174,0 
174,0 
Petyttlfttytt-: 
PAytlWI^Bj 

60,0 
60,0 
368,1 
368,1 
iPayments 
Payments 
*984*ev 
*984*ev 
'"ft  ' 

Ins.. 
Ins.. 

6,5 
6,5 

50% 
50% 

12,0 
12,0 

50% 
50% 

13,1 
13,1 

100% 
100% 

24,0 
24,0 

100% 
100% 

0.2 
0.2 
12,1 
12,1 
4,0 
4,0 
16,4 
16,4 

, 
, 

4.0 
4.0 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 

17,2 
17,2 

100% 
100% 

0.9 
0.9 
* 
* 
r 
r 
ZZ'ti 
ZZ'ti 

0,1 
0,1 
0,6 
0,6 
0,2 
0,2 
0,9 
0,9 

„ 
„ 

°'° 
°'° 
,  .,!* 
,  .,!* 

0,1 
0,1 
3.6 
3.6 
1.2 
1.2 
4,9 
4,9 

1'2 
1'2 

40% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 

. 
. 

,,5'2 
,,5'2 

-
-

3.3 
3.3 

100% 
100% 

5,0 
5,0 
82,9 
82,9 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0.4 
0.4 

0,5 
0,5 
6,7 
6,7 

1,1 
1,1 

34% 
34% 

1.5 
1.5 
32,6 
32,6 

30% 
30% 
39% 
39% 

25,0 
25,0 

100% 
100% 

12,5 
12,5 

12,5 
12,5 

50% 
50% 

14.5 
14,5 
13,0 
13,0 
12,2 
12,2 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

6,6 
6,6 
4,0 
4,0 
5,5 
5,5 
5.5 
5.5 
4,5 
4,5 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

10.5 
10.5 

100% 
100% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,7 
0,7 
3.3 
3.3 

1.8 
1.8 
0,2 
0,2 
0,7 
0,7 
0,3 
0,3 
0,4 
0,4 

3,1 
3,1 

0,0 
0,0 
3,9 
3,9 
3,7 
3,7 

2.0 
2.0 
1.2 
1.2 
1.7 
1,7 
1.7 
1.7 
1.4 
1,4 

0% 
0% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

3.1 
3.1 

30% 
30% 

28.3 
28.3 

13.1 
13.1 

50,7 
50,7 

0,5 
0,5 
71,8 
71,8 
14,1 
14,1 
86,4 
86,4 

10.5 
10.5 

24,0 
24,0 
' 
' 

0,2 
0,2 
12,1 
12,1 
4,0 
4,0 
16,4 
16,4 

4.0 
4.0 

48,8 
48,8 

17,2 
17,2 

11,4 
11,4 

3,3 
3,3 

11,9 
11,9 
248,1 
248,1 

5,0 
5,0 
82,9 
82,9 

47.5 
47.5 

25,0 
25,0 

30,3 
30,3 
28.0 
28.0 
29,2 
29,2 

14,6 
14,6 
9,5 
9,5 
13,0 
13,0 
13,0 
13,0 
10,8 
10,8 

14,5 
14,5 
13,0 
13,0 
12,2 
12,2 

6,6 
6,6 
4.0 
4.0 
5.5 
5.5 
5,5 
5,5 
4,5 
4,5 

23,4 
23,4 

10,5 
10,5 

1.8 
1.8 

3,3 
3,3 

0,2 
0,2 
2,1 
2,1 
0,7 
0,7 
3,0 
3,0 

0.0 
0.0 

4.2 
4.2 

0.7 
0.7 

1,8 
1,8 
14,9 
14,9 

25,0 
25,0 

14,5 
14,5 
2,4 
2,4 
3,4 
3,4 

1,6 
1,6 
0,4 
0,4 
2,4 
2,4 
1.0 
1.0 
1,4 
1,4 

3,8 
3,8 

UNITED KINGDOM 

Programmes 
Programmes 
(year of adoption} 
(yea* of adoption) 

DMK*iy*1 
DMK*iy*1 
SPD Highlands and Islands (1994) 
SPD Highlands and Islands (1994) 
SPD Northern Ireland (1994) 
SPD Northern Ireland (1994) 
SPD Merseyside (1994) 
SPD Merseyside (1994) 
Technical assistance 
Technical assistance 
Total 
Total 
0fejacti*e2 
Ofejactivea 

SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD East Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD East Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Gibraltar 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Gibraltar 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1997-99 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1997-99 
(1997) 
(1997) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD North East England 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD North East England 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Plymouth 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Plymouth 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Thanet 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Thanet 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD West Midlands 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Western Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Western Scotland 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1997-99 (1997) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1997-99 (1997) 

:****»* 
! * * ** 

$.Puft4* 
$.Pund* 
£ailW(*» 
£ailW(*» 
ffi. 
ffi. 

<ttnjimNmettt$ 
<ttttimNmettt$ 
1#9T 

Cftmmttm^nii* 
Commitments 

Payments 
Payments 
1997 
1997 

Peymefrt* 
Peymefrt* 
199447 
199447 

43,5 
43,5 
257,0 
257,0 
152,0 
152,0 
0,1 
0,1 
452,6 
452,6 

21,6 
21,6 
36,7 
36,7 
47,5 
47,5 
6,1 
6,1 

57,7 
57,7 
57,3 
57,3 
66,4 
66,4 
38,6 
38,6 
22,4 
22,4 
32,4 
32,4 
93.1 
93.1 
74.0 
74.0 
129,4 
129,4 

-+ 
-+ 

168,3 
168,3 
883,9 
883,9 
438,4 
438,4 
0,2 
0,2 
1.490,8 
1.490,8 

21,6 
21,6 
36,7 
36,7 
47,5 
47,5 
6.1 
6.1 

57,7 
57,7 
57,3 
57,3 
66,4 
66,4 
38,6 
38,6 
22.4 
22.4 
32.4 
32.4 
93,1 
93,1 
74,0 
74,0 
129,4 
129,4 

54% 
54% 
71% 
71% 
53% 
53% 
100% 
100% 
62% 
62% 

21% 
21% 
32% 
32% 
34% 
34% 
100% 
100% 

14% 
14% 
23% 
23% 
18% 
18% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
21% 
21% 
22% 
22% 
32% 
32% 

37,8 
37,8 
137,7 
137,7 
125.9 
125.9 
0,0 
0,0 
301,4 
301,4 

132,4 
132,4 
627,4 
627,4 
357,4 
357,4 
0,1 
0,1 
1.117,2 
1.117,2 

10,8 
10,8 
18,4 
18,4 
23,8 
23,8 
3,0 
3,0 

28,9 
28,9 
28,7 
28,7 
33,2 
33,2 
19,3 
19,3 
11.2 
11.2 
16.2 
16.2 
26,5 
26,5 
37,0 
37,0 
64,7 
64,7 

10,8 
10,8 
18,4 
18,4 
23,8 
23,8 
3.0 
3.0 

28,9 
28,9 
28,7 
28,7 
33,2 
33,2 
19,3 
19,3 
11,2 
11,2 
16.2 
16.2 
26,5 
26,5 
37,0 
37,0 
64.7 
64.7 

43% 
43% 
51% 
51% 
43% 
43% 
22% 
22% 
47% 
47% 

11% 
11% 
16% 
16% 
17% 
17% 
50% 
50% 

7% 
7% 
11% 
11% 
9% 
9% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 

6% 
6% 
11% 
11% 
16% 
16% 

1.014,2 
1.014,2 
2.267,4 
2.267,4 
2114,7 
2114,7 
0,2 
0,2 
6.396,6 
6.396,6 

250,0 
250,0 
284,5 
284,5 
326,5 
326,5 
13,8 
13,8 

1.031,3 
1.031,3 
629,3 
629,3 
973,6 
973,6 
87,5 
87,5 
81,8 
81,8 
78,6 
78,6 
1.045,2 
1.045,2 
804,8 
804,8 
1.012,1 
1.012,1 

311.0 
311,0 
1.242,2 
1.242.2 
832,8 
832,8 
0,2 
0,2 
2.386,3 
2.386,3 

101,7 
101,7 
113,7 
113,7 
139,9 
139,9 
6,1 
6,1 

404,9 
404,9 
254,4 
254,4 
378,4 
378,4 
38,6 
38,6 
22.4 
22.4 
32,4 
32,4 
448,2 
448,2 
334,5 
334,5 
400,7 
400,7 

204 
204 

Pn^fimmm 
Pn^fimmm 
(year «f adoption} 
(yearof adoption} 

total cost 
total cost 

:  S, funds 
:  S, funds 
contrfb. 
contrfb. 

Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1997 

Commitments 
Commitments 
189447 
189447 
to 
to 

% 
% 

Payments 
Payments 
1997 
1997 

Payments 
Payments 
199447 
199447 

:  * 
: 
* 

SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD East London and the Lee Valley 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD East Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD East Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Eastern Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Gibraltar 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Gibraltar 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1994-96 
SPD Greater Manchester, Lancashire, Cheshire 1994-96 
(1994) 
(1994) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Industrial South Wales 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD North East England 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD North East England 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Plymouth 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Plymouth 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Thanet 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Thanet 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Cumbria and Furness 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD West Midlands 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Western Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Western Scotland 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1994-96 (1994) 
SPD Yorkshire and Humberside 1994-96 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
m*m** 
m*m** 
SPD United Kingdom (1996) 
SPD United Kingdom (1996) 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Total 
Ob|e^v««^IAgrl<iuiwe 
Ob|e^v««^IAgrl<iuiwe 
Forecasts United Kingdom R  2328/91 (1995) 
Forecasts United Kingdom R  2328/91 (1995) 
SPD United Kingdom R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
SPD United Kingdom R. 866 and 867/90 (1994) 
Total 
Total 
Ottfec%e6&m<her)e* 
Ottfec%e6&m<her)e* 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 
SPD United Kingdom (1994) 

(1) 
(1) 

73,2 
73,2 
66,2 
66,2 
117,9 
117,9 
5,1 
5,1 

332,2 
332,2 
151,1 
151,1 
291,9 
291,9 
27,1 
27,1 
8,9 
8,9 
24,2 
24,2 
372,8 
372,8 
262,1 
262,1 
284,8 
284,8 
4.693,2 
4.693,2 

1.655,4 
1.655,4 
1.522,1 
1.522,1 
3.177,5 
3.177,5 

137,7 
137,7 
51,2 
51,2 
188,9 
188,9 

187,6 
187,6 
195,2 
195,2 
287,0 
287,0 
13,5 
13,5 

818,8 
818,8 
400.9 
400.9 
729.0 
729.0 
61.6 
61.6 
25,2 
25,2 
62,2 
62,2 
983,8 
983,8 
759,8 
759,8 
738,0 
738,0 
11.881,7 
11.881,7 

3.662,0 
3.662,0 
4.012,4 
4.012,4 
7.674,4 
7.674,4 

600,7 
600,7 
204,7 
204,7 
805,4 
805,4 

240,8 
240,8 

88,7 
88,7 

0,0 
0,0 
-3,9 
-3,9 
-1.4 
-1.4 
0,0 
0,0 

-1,5 
-1,5 
0.5 
0.5 
-6,2 
-6,2 
0,0 
0,0 
-0,4 
-0,4 
-0,5 
-0,5 
-2,2 
-2,2 
-2,4 
-2,4 
-21,4 
-21,4 
643,8 
643,8 

551,3 
551,3 
-0,1 
-0,1 
561,2 
561,2 

26,2 
26,2 
0,0 
0,0 
26,2 
26,2 

0,0 
0,0 

73,2 
73,2 
66,2 
66,2 
117,9 
117,9 
5.1 
5.1 

332,2 
332,2 
151,1 
151,1 
291,9 
291,9 
28.6 
28.6 
11,3 
11,3 
24,2 
24,2 
372,8 
372,8 
262,1 
262,1 
284,8 
284,8 
2.704,4 
2.704,4 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
105% 
105% 
126% 
126% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
58% 
58% 

1.081,0 
1.081,0 
1 522,0 
1 522,0 
2.603,0 
2.603,0 

65% 
65% 
100% 
100% 
82% 
82% 

88,0 
88,0 
38,6 
38,6 
126,6 
126,6 

64% 
64% 
75% 
75% 
67% 
67% 

22,3 
22,3 
14,6 
14,6 
2,1 
2,1 
0,2 
0,2 

151,9 
151,9 
54,1 
54,1 
72,7 
72,7 
-0,4 
-0,4 
-2,5 
-2,5 
1.8 
1.8 
152,6 
152,6 
4,8 
4,8 
111,5 
111,5 
907,3 
907,3 

288,6 
288,6 
0,0 
0,0 
288,6 
288,6 

21,4 
21,4 
0,0 
0,0 
21,4 
21,4 

57,6 
57,6 
55.4 
55.4 
99,5 
99,5 
4,2 
4,2 

276,7 
276,7 
130,8 
130,8 
246,1 
246,1 
22,8 
22,8 
5,1 
5,1 
19,8 
19,8 
309,9 
309,9 
216,2 
216,2 
232,0 
232,0 
1.997,7 
1.997,7 

288,6 
288,6 
1.400,3 
1.400,3 
1.688,8 
1.688,8 

66,3 
66,3 
30,9 
30,9 
97,2 
97,2 

79% 
79% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
84% 

83% 
83% 
87% 
87% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
84% 
57% 
57% 
82% 
82% 
83% 
83% 
82% 
82% 
81% 
81% 
43% 
43% 

17% 
17% 
92% 
92% 
63% 
63% 

48% 
48% 
60% 
60% 
51% 
51% 

44,3 
44,3 

50% 
50% 

20,4 
20,4 

40,5 
40,5 

46% 
46% 

*iw!a»nm8B3» 
*iw!a»nm8B3» 
SPD Borders Region (1995) 
SPD Borders Region (1995) 
SPD Central Scotland /Tayside (1995) 
SPD Central Scotland /Tayside (1995) 
SPD Dumfries and Ga"lloway (1995) 
SPD Dumfries and Ga"lloway (1995) 
SPD Grampian (1995) 
SPD Grampian (1995) 
SPD Lincolnshire (1995) 
SPD Lincolnshire (1995) 
SPD Wales (1995) 
SPD Wales (1995) 
SPD East Anglia (1994) 
SPD East Anglia (1994) 
SPD English Northern Uplands (1994) 
SPD English Northern Uplands (1994) 
SPD South West England (1994) 
SPD South West England (1994) 
SPD English Midland Uplands (1995) 
SPD English Midland Uplands (1995) 
SPD The Marches (1995) 
SPD The Marches (1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

' 
' 

.  , 
.  , 

,  mtfatjve 
' 
' 
,  mtfatjve 
{year o« adoption^ 
{year o« adoption^ 

; 
; 

Adapt 
Adapt 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
Total 
Total 
ili^jjiiifiiiijiiim^ 
ili^jjiiifiiiijiiim^ 
Northern Ireland (1994) 
Northern Ireland (1994) 
United Kingdom (1994) 
United Kingdom (1994) 
Total 
Total 
Leader 
Leader 
England (1995) 
England (1995) 
Highlands and Islands (1995) 
Highlands and Islands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
Total 
Pesca 
Pesca. 
United Kingdom (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
*M6* 
*M6* 
England Obj  5(b) areas (1997) 
England Obj  5(b) areas (1997) 
England Obj. 2 areas (1997) 
England Obj. 2 areas (1997) 
Merseyside (1997) 
Merseyside (1997) 
Highlands (1995) 
Highlands (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Scotland (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Wales (1995) 
Total 
Total 
W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^imMi^^ 
W^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^imMi^^ 
East Midlands (1995) 
East Midlands (1995) 
Eastern Scotland (1995) 
Eastern Scotland (1995) 
North East England (1995) 
North East England (1995) 
North West England (1995) 
North West England (1995) 

76,6 
76,6 
64,0 
64,0 
125,3 
125,3 
96,2 
96,2 
133,6 
133,6 
488,2 
488,2 
132,4 
132,4 
262,3 
262,3 
514,3 
514,3 
33,3 
33,3 
90,8 
90,8 
2.017,0 
2.017,0 
28.015,8 
28.015,8 
Totatcvst 
Totatcvst 

9.2 
9.2 
4.1 
4.1 
16,3 
16,3 
12,2 
12,2 
5,6 
5,6 
54,1 
54,1 
7,7 
7,7 
11,7 
11,7 
26,1 
26,1 
3,1 
3,1 
4,4 
4,4 
154,3 
154,3 
1.828,1 
1.828,1 
Commitments 
Commitments 
1997 
1997 

30,4 
30,4 
25,4 
25,4 
47,7 
47,7 
39,5 
39,5 
53,7 
53,7 
184,0 
184,0 
60,0 
60,0 
108,0 
108,0 
219.0 
219.0 
12,2 
12,2 
40,6 
40,6 
820,5 
820,5 
11.355,0 
11.355,0 
&Fdftds 
&Fdfto> 
oontr'it&-  i 
oomyib^  \ 
m 
t il 

18,0 
18,0 
8,8 
8,8 
30,5 
30,5 
23.4 
23.4 
14,6 
14,6 
104,1 
104,1 
16,3 
16,3 
39,4 
39,4 
81,9 
81,9 
5,1 
5,1 
15,9 
15,9 
368,0 
368,0 
7.327,1 
7.327,1 
Oommftmeftt* 
0ommrtments 
199447 
199447 
(2J 
(2J 

59% 
59% 
35% 
35% 
64% 
64% 
59% 
59% 
27% 
27% 
57% 
57% 
27% 
27% 
36% 
36% 
37% 
37% 
42% 
42% 
39% 
39% 
44% 
44% 
66% 
66% 
% 
% 

5,0 
5,0 
3,4 
3,4 
10,5 
10,5 
7,3 
7,3 
5,9 
5,9 
21,7 
21,7 
5,8 
5,8 
16.7 
16.7 
26.1 
26.1 
1.7 
1,7 
5.9 
5.9 
110,0 
110,0 
1.649f1 
1.649r1 
P*<y*rt.a.rt!ft: 
P*<y*rt.a.rt!ft: 
\ 
mt 
\ 
mt 

12,2 
12,2 
7,3 
7,3 
20,0 
20,0 
15,8 
15,8 
11.1 
11.1 
56,2 
56,2 
10,4 
10,4 
33,6 
33,6 
68,5 
68,5 
3,0 
3,0 
12,9 
12,9 
250,9 
250,9 
6.192,3 
6.192,3 
l**yra#nt* 
l**yra#nt* 
199447 
199447 

0,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 
0,4 

0,9 
0,9 
41.1 
41.1 
42,0 
42,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

6,1 
6,1 

9,3 
9,3 
27,3 
27,3 
4,2 
4,2 
0.0 
0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
40,9 
40,9 

33,9 
33,9 
0,9 
0,9 
2,2 
2,2 
1,0 
1,0 

3,5 
3,5 
69.1 
69,1 
72,6 
72,6 

12,8 
12,8 
79,0 
79,0 
91,8 
91,8 

25.8 
25.8 
12,0 
12,0 
11.4 
11.4 
8.4 
8.4 
8,6 
8,6 
66,2 
66,2 

100% 
100% 
22% 
22% 
23% 
23% 

100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
47% 
47% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

37,4 
37,4 

100% 
100% 

9,3 
9,3 
27,3 
27,3 
4.2 
4.2 
3.0 
3.0 
6.2 
6.2 
8.5 
8.5 
2.3 
2.3 
61,0 
61,0 

39,1 
39,1 
10,9 
10,9 
25,6 
25,6 
7.9 
7.9 

83% 
83% 
84% 
84% 
86% 
86% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
89% 
89% 

84% 
84% 
95% 
95% 
99% 
99% 
98% 
98% 

0,8 
0,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,8 
0,8 

4,0 
4,0 
32,5 
32,5 
36,4 
36,4 

0,0 
0,0 
3,3 
3,3 
0,0 
0,0 
2.8 
2.8 
3,7 
3,7 
9,8 
9,8 

6,8 
6,8 

4.7 
4.7 
13.7 
13.7 
2,1 
2,1 
0,0 
0,0 

1,9 
1,9 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
22,3 
22,3 

18,2 
18,2 
1,1 
1,1 
1,1 
1,1 
0,8 
0,8 

5,5 
5,5 
676,4 
676,4 
681,9 
681,9 

19,5 
19,5 
466,8 
466,8 
486,3 
486,3 

57,8 
57,8 
27,9 
27,9 
31,5 
31,5 
24,4 
24,4 
18,8 
18,8 
160,4 
160,4 

3.5 
3.5 
313,3 
313,3 
316,8 
316,8 

12,8 
12,8 
181,0 
181,0 
193,8 
193,8 

25,8 
25,8 
12,0 
12,0 
11.4 
11.4 
8,4 
8,4 
8,6 
8,6 
66,2 
66,2 

\. 
\. 

] 
] 

84,7 
84,7 

37,4 
37,4 

24,6 
24,6 
74,1 
74,1 
9,8 
9,8 
7,0 
7,0 
12,5 
12,5 
19.7 
19.7 
5,2 
5,2 
153,0 
153,0 

110,1 
110,1 
25,3 
25,3 
56,8 
56,8 
18,0 
18,0 

11,3 
11,3 
32,4 
32,4 
4,9 
4,9 
3,0 
3,0 
6,2 
6,2 
8,5 
8,5 
2,3 
2,3 
68,7 
68,7 

46,8 
46,8 
11,6 
11,6 
26,0 
26,0 
8,1 
8,1 

205 
205 

40% 
40% 
29% 
29% 
42% 
42% 
40% 
40% 
21% 
21% 
31% 
31% 
17% 
17% 
31% 
31% 
31% 
31% 
25% 
25% 
32% 
32% 
31% 
31% 
46% 
46% 
% 
% 

50% 
50% 

8% 
8% 
9% 
9% 

76% 
76% 
35% 
35% 
38% 
38% 

29% 
29% 
57% 
57% 
28% 
28% 
64% 
64% 
76% 
76% 
44% 
44% 

1.8 
1.8 
26,6 
26,6 
28,4 
28,4 

9,7 
9,7 
64,0 
64,0 
73,7 
73,7 

7,5 
7,5 
6,9 
6,9 
3,1 
3,1 
5,4 
5,4 
6,5 
6,5 
29,4 
29,4 

11,2 
11,2 

30% 
30% 

4,7 
4,7 
13,7 
13,7 
2,1 
2,1 
1,0 
1,0 
5,0 
5,0 
2,7 
2,7 
0.7 
0.7 
29,8 
29,8 

20,8 
20,8 
6.1 
6.1 
12,8 
12,8 
4,3 
4,3 

41% 
41% 
42% 
42% 
43% 
43% 
31% 
31% 
80% 
80% 
32% 
32% 
30% 
30% 
43% 
43% 

44% 
44% 
52% 
52% 
49% 
49% 
53% 
53% 

mfuafjv* 
(year of adoption} 

total cost 

r$.  funds 
i  contrib. 
W 

| 

Wales (1995) 
West Midlands (1995) 
Western Scotland (1995) 
Yorkshire (1995) 
Total 
Konver 
United Kingdom& Gibraltar (1995) 
Résider 
England (1996) 
Wales (1995) 
Western Scotland (1995) 
Total 
fceta* 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
United Kingdom (1995) 
Total 
iUfban 
Brighton (1997) 
Bristd(1997) 
Coventry (1997) 
Leeds (1997) 
(1996) 
East Midlands (Nottingham) (1996) 
GMLC (Moss Side and Hulme) (Manchester) (1996) 
London (Park Royal) (1996) 
Merseyside (North Huyton, Liverpool, Netherton) (1996) 
Wales (Swansea) (1996) 
West Midands (Birmingham) (1996) 
Western Scotland (Glasgow) (1996) 
Yorkshire and Humberside (Sheffield) (1996) 
Northern Ireland (1995) 
Total 
TOTAL 
PEACE 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
:(n.t«f»9ffi*8a«. 
United KingdorrvDanrnark/Sverige/Nederland/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
France/United Kingdom: Haute-Normandie, Picardie and 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent  (1996) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/Unfted Kingdom. Wales (1995) 
United Kingdom/Morocco: Gibraltar (1995) 

| 

CommHmentt 
1997 

iCtemrttStmeats 
1884*7 

Payment* 
1997 

3,8 
1,1 
0,5 
35,5 
79,0 

w  24,3 

13,8 
3,5 
40,9 
166,1 

WW 
96% 
98% 
100% 
83% 
80% 

0,0 
0,6 
0,4 
3,7 
25,9 

1994*7 
m: 

;"% 
Imn 
41% 
49% 
55% 
13% 
38% 

10,2 
6,9 

1,9 
6,5 
69,6 

25,2 
14,1 
3,5 
49,5 
184,7 

136,9| 

81,l| 

93,6| 

68%| 

8,0| 

14,2| 

10% 

24,7 
15,7 
11,7 
62,2 

5,1 
36,7 
41,8 

4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
4,5 
8,0 
6,8 
8.0 
7,7 
19,5 
5,6 
8,0 
13,6 
6.8 
19,4 
121,4 
1.219,8 

5,4 
2,2 
1,3 
8,8 

1,3 
3.1 
4,5 

3,4 
3,5 
3,1 
3,4 
1,6 
1.2 
0,0 
1,5 
2,2 
0,0 
1.6 
3,7 
0,0 
2,4 
27,5 
280,4 

24,4 
15,2 
11,5 
61,0 

5,1 
35,5 
40,6 

3,4 
3,5 
3,1 
3,4 
8,0 
6,8 
8,0 
7,7 
19,5 
5,6 
8,0 
13,6 
6,8 
19,4 
116,7 
797,1 

99% 
97% 
98% 
88% 

100% 
97% 
97% 

75% 
77% 
69% 
75% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
96% 
65% 

2,7 
0,0 
0,6 
3,3 

2,1 
1,6 
3,6 

1,7 
1,7 
1,6 
1,7 
0,8 
0,6 
0,0 
0,8 

1.1 
0,0 
0.8 
1,8 
0.0 
0,7 
13,3 
130,3 

12,2 
6,5 
5,7 
24,4 

3,9 
17.8 
21.7 

1,7 
1.7 
1,6 
1.7 
4,0 
3,4 
4,0 
3.8 
9.7 
2,8 
4.0 
6,8 
3,4 
7,6 
56,3 
358,5 

49% 
41% 
• 49% 
47% 

77% 
48% 
62% 

38% 
38% 
34% 
38% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
50% 
39% 
46% 
29% 

57,3 
30,9 
7,5 
106,4 
412,4 

' 
307,7| 

54,3 
35,0 
27,9 
117,2 

10,1 
79,0 
88,1 

' 

9,4 
11,5 
9,5 
9,6 
17,3 
14,9 
17,7 
16,3 
40,1 
11.7 
20,6 
32,7 
14,8 
27,9 
254,0 
2.746,7 

412,4] 

301,7| 

53,3] 

176.3J 

58%| 

81.2J 

136,6] 

45% 

30,3 

14,5 

80,8 
95,3 
265,7 
146,9 
1,7 

34,1 
45,1 
160,2 
84,6 
0,7 

14,5 

0,0 
0,6 
35,9 
13,6 
0,0 

14,5 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0% 

34,1 
7,6 
64,0 
25,4 
0,7 

100% 
17% 
40% 
30% 
100% 

0,0 
0,3 
0,5 
14.2 
0,0 

10,2 
.3,8 
14,6 
20,1 
0,2 

30% 
8% 
9% 
24% 
30% 

EUROPE 

Initiative 
{year of adoption} 

Total cost  S. Funds ; 
contrib.  i 

Commitments 
1987 

Commitments 
1994*7 

% 

WW 

Payments; 
1887 

Payments 
1994*7 

m  ww 

Leader 
Networks (1994) 
Ptsca 
(1997) 
Transnational projed: Development  d  sdtware to 
exchange audion information (B/NL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Diversification by developing new 
markets by new technology (D/DK) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Eledronic chart display and 
information system (B/F/EL/IT/IRL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Information exchange between 
audion and remde markets (B/F/E) (1997) 
Transnational projed: tourism as an instrument of 
development  (l/GR) (1997). 
Transnational projed: RECIPE (E/P) (1997) 
(1997) 
Transnational projed: Technical support development  in 
waterfood mussel cooperative (UK/1RL) (1997) 
Transnational projed: Aqualine (1996) 
Transnational projed: Maisons de la Mer (1996) 
Transnational projed. Maredunet (1996) 
Transnational projed: Pêche-Fish Co (1996) 
Transnational projed. Retilour  (1996) 
Total 

| 

16,0| 

16,0) 

2.9J 

10,7| 

67%) 

2,9) 

7,6) 

48% 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,1 

0,1 

0,1 
0,1 
0,0 

0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,4 

0,0 

100% 

0,0 

100% 

0,0 

100% 

0,1 

100% 

0,1 

100% 

0,1 
0,1 
0,0 

0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,7 

100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 

0,0 

0% 

0,0 

0% 

0,0 

0% 

0,0 

0% 

0,0 

0% 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 

0% 
0% 
0% 

0% 
70% 
40% 
40% 
0% 
40% 
17% 

0,1 

0,0 

0,0 

0,1 

0,1 

0,1 
0,1 
0,1 

0,1 
0,1 
0,3 
0,1 
0,0 
0,3 
1,6 

0,0 

0,0 

0,0 

0,1 

0,1 

0,1 
0,1 
0,0 

0,1 
0,0 
0,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,1 
0,7 

206 

mm* 
(year of adoption} 

' 

:N**# 
Ireland/Northern Ireland (1995) 
Interreja^Mmen 
Belgique/BelgieVDeutschland/France/Luxembourg/ 
Nedertand: Rhine-Meuse (1997) 
Danmark/Deutschland/Suomi Finland/Sverige: Baltic Sea 
(1997) 
Ellada/ltalia: Ipiros, Ionia Nisia, Dutiki Ellada and Puglia 
(1997) 
Italia/Osterreich (1997) 
Italia/Slovenia'. Friuli-Venezia Giulia and Veneto (1997) 
Italia: Drought prevention (1997) 

Osterreich/Deutschland/Ellada/ltalia: Central, Adriatic, 
Danubian and South-Eastem European Space (1997) 
Portugal: Drought prevention (1997) 
United KingdorrvDanmark/Sverige/Nederiand/ 
Deutschland: North Sea (1997) 
Belgique/France/Luxembourg: Wallonie-Lorraine-
Luxembourg (1996) 
Belgique/France: Ardennes (1996) 
Danmark/Sverige (1996) 
Deutschland/Osterreich (1996) 
Espafia/Morocco (1996) 
France/Belgique/Belgie: Nord-Pas-de Calais/Vlaanderen 
(1996) 
France/Belgique/Belgie: Wallonie/Nord-Pas-de-
Calais/Picardie (1996) 
France/Espafia (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Sardegna (1996) 
France/Italia: Corse/Toscana (1996) 
France/United Kingdom. Haute-Normandie, Picardieand 
East Sussex (1996) 
France/United Kingdom: Nord-Pas-de-Calais/Kent (1996) 
Italia/Albania Puglia (1996) 
Italia/France (1996) 
Italia/Switzerland (1996) 

Suomi Finland/Baltic States: coastal area, Southern 
Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia Karelia (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Russia: South-east Finland (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: North Cape (1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige/Norway: Kvarken and Mittskandia 
(1996) 
Suomi Finland/Sverige:  Islands (1996) 
Sverige/Norway.  Nordic Green Belt (1996) 
Sverige/Norway: Q6teborg/Bohus/Alvsborg (1996) 
Sverige/Norway:  Inner Scandinavia (1996) 
Sverige/Suomi Finland/Norway/Russia: Barents Sea 
(1996) 
(1995) 
Belgique/BelgieVNedertand: Middengebied (1995) 
Danrrark/Deutschland: FynsAmt/K.E.R.N. (1995) 
D?nmark/Deutschland: Sonder-jylland/Planungsraum V 
(1995) 
Danmark/Deutschland: Storstrom/Ostholstein/LObeck 
(1995) 
Danmark. Baltic Sea (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/France: Rheinland-Pfalz/Saariand/Lorraine 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Luxembourg: Euregio (1995) 
Deutschland/NederiandyBelgique/BelgiS: Euregio Meuse-
Rhine(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Ems-Dollard (1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio (1995) 
(1995) 
Deutschland/Nederland: Euregio Rhine-Waal (1995) 

Deutschland/Poland/Czech Republic: Sachsen (1995) 
Deutschland/Potand: Brandenburg (1995) 
Deutschland/Poland: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1995) 
Deutschland/Czech Republic: Bayem (1995) 
Deutschland/Switzertand: Bodensee (1995) 
Ellada/Albania/Bulgaria (1995) 

T0W<f**Jt 

:  &**tin4* 
!  contrfb. 
m 

<^mmitments 
19*7 

cernrntymarrUi 
'•  199447 
p 

in 

% 

P*ymt«t» 
1997 

; " % 

Payments 
199447 
m 

412,4 

301,7 

53,3 

176,3 

58% 

81,2 

136.6 

45% 

15,5 

25,0 

39,9 
13,1 
11,7 
15,2 

20,9 
6,2 

14,5 

0,0 
0,0 
2.4 
0,0 
23,0 

1.1 

0,0 
10,3 
0.6 
0,0 

0,0 
0.6 
0,0 
0.0 
4,4 

2,0 
3,4 
1.9 
3.4 

1.6 
0,4 
2,4 
1,0 
1,4 

3,8 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
-0,5 

0,0 
0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
-2,2 
0,0 
0,0 

32,4 
0,4 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
41,6 

15,5 

11% 

0,0 

0.0 

0% 

25,0 

100% 

12,5 

12.5 

50% 

39,9 
13,1 
11,7 
15,2 

24% 
110% 
75% 
100% 

20,9 
6,2 

100% 
100% 

19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 

10,5 
2.5 

19,9 
6,5 
5,8 
7,6 

10,5 
2,5 

12% 
55% 
37% 
50% 

50% 
40% 

14,5 

100% 

0,0 

0,0 

0% 

26,2 
12,5 
13,0 
24,6 
37,1 

87% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
37% 

18,0 

100% 

10,0 
19,1 
33,1 
18,2 

34,1 
7,6 
15,5 
15,1 
20,0 

6,1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 

6,6 
4.0 
5.5 
5,5 
4,5 

10,5 
11,1 
32,4 
1.8 

14% 
31% 
98% 
98% 

100% 
17% 
19% 
26% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 

11.1 

100% 

5,2 
2,0 
22,9 

100% 
100% 
91% 

23,3 
8,0 

100% 
100% 

33,5 
22,5 
19,8 
6,4 
11.5 

52.1 
10,5 
8,8 
16,8 
6,9 
107,9 

94% 
100% 
90% 
100% 
100% 

35% 
14% 
14% 
100% 
100% 
34% 

1.4 
0.0 
0.7 
3,5 
22,6 

0,5 

1,5 
7,2 
0,2 
0,0 

0,0 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
2,2 

0,6 
1,0 
0,6 
3,3 

1,8 
0,2 
0,7 
0,3 
0,4 

3,1 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 

0,0 

0,0 
0,0 
0,4 

0,0 
0.0 

0.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0.3 

24.5 
0,8 
0,0. 
3,0 
0,4 
47,4 

13,5 
3,7 
3,9 
10,9 
29,7 

45% 
30% 
30% 
44% 
29% 

9,0 

50% 

6,5 
11.7 
10,1 
5,5 

10,2 
3,8 
7,8 
7.5 
10,0 

1.8 
4,2 
2,9 
3.7 

2.0 
1,2 
1.7 
1,7 
1.4 

3.1 
3,3 
9.7 
0,5 

9% 
19% 
30% 
29% 

30% 
8% 
10% 
13% 
50% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 

3,3 

30% 

1,6 
0,6 
7,4 

7,2 
2,4 

10,0 
6,7 
6,6 
1.9 
3,7 

34,3 
5,8 
4,4 
8,4 
3,4 
96,4 

30% 
30% 
29% 

31% 
30% 

28% 
30% 
X% 
30% 
33% 

23% 
8% 
7% 
50% 
49% 
31% 

426,7 

137,1 

47,5 

25,0 

304,9 
27,4 
31,4 
30,5 

36,8 
8,4 

169,2 
11,8 
15.6 
15.2 

20,9 
6,2 

30.3 

14,5 

62,2 
27,8 
28,0 
56,3 
185,3 

30,2 
12,5 
13,0 
24,6 
101,4 

38,3 

18,0 

148,4 
142,6 
71.8 
58,2 

80,8 
95,3 
178,2 
159,1 
52,7 

22,7 
31,8 
40,7 
29,2 

.  14,6 
9,5 
13,0 
13,0 
10,8 

23,4 
22,8 
66,3 
3,6 

71,5 
62.4 
33,7 
18,6 

34,1 
45,1 
81,5 
57,0 
20,0 

6,1 
13,9 
9,6 
12,2 

6,6 
4,0 
5,5 
5,5 
4,5 

10,5 
11,1 
32,4 
1,8 

22,2 

11,1 

10,4 
4,6 
51,4 

46,5 
30,9 

71,9 
62,7 
53,6 
12.8 
23,2 

220,0 
110,7 
84,1 
42,2 
13,8 
494,9 

5,2 
2,0 
25,2 

23,3 
8,0 

35,7 
22,5 
22,0 
6,4 
11,5 

149,4 
73,5 
63,1 
16,8 
6,9 
314,0 

207 

midattve 
midattve 
Jyea*<rf adoption) 
Jyea*d! adoption) 

'total «6s* 
'total «as* 

rounds.' 
r^wvis.' 
:  contrfb.. 
:  contrfb.. 

commitments 
commitments 
1**7 
1**7 

Ellada/ltalia (REGEN Electricity) (1995) 
Ellada/ltalia (REGEN Electricity) (1995) 

189,4 
189,4 

75,8 
75,8 

0,0 
0,0 

Commitment* 
Commitment* 
199447 
199447 
to 
to 

22,0 
22,0 

tej/mm 
tej/mm 
1**7 
1*97 

payments 
Payments 
189447 
189447 

29% 
29% 

0.0 
0.0 

11.0 
11.0 

15% 
15% 

Ellada: Completion of energy networks (REGEN) (1995) 
Ellada: Completion of energy networks (REGEN) (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1995) 
Espafia/Portugal (REGEN natural gas) (1995) 
France/Deutschland  PAMINA(1995) 
France/Deutschland  PAMINA(1995) 
France/Switzerland: Franche-Comte (1995) 
France/Switzerland: Franche-Comte (1995) 
France/Switzerland: Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
France/Switzerland: Rhone-Alpes (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Northern Ireland (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 
Ireland/United Kingdom: Wales (1995) 
dsterreich/Hungary (1995) 
dsterreich/Hungary (1995) 
Osterreich/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Czech Republic (1995) 
Osterreich/Slcvakia (1995) 
Osterreich/Slcvakia (1995) 
OsterreicrvSlcvenia (1995) 
OsterreicrvSlcvenia (1995) 
United KingdonVMorocco: Gibraltar (1995) 
United KingdonVMorocco: Gibraltar (1995) 
Total 
Total 
TOTAL 
TOTAL 

459.2 
459.2 
755,3 
755,3 
548,2 
548,2 
22,1 
22,1 
14,2 
14,2 
11.6 
11.6 
265.7 
265.7 
146,9 
146,9 
28,2 
28,2 
12.1 
12.1 
16.0 
16.0 
22,6 
22,6 
1,7 
1,7 
6.479,6 
6.479,6 
6.909,4 
6.909,4 

183,7 
183,7 
552,0 
552,0 
220.0 
220.0 
11.1 
11.1 
7.1 
7.1 
5,4 
5,4 
160,2 
160,2 
84,6 
84,6 
11,0 
11,0 
4,5 
4,5 
5,5 
5,5 
9.0 
9.0 
0,7 
0,7 
3.289,9 
3.289,9 
3.608,3 
3.608,3 

80,5 
80,5 
0.0 
0.0 
23,0 
23,0 
1.0 
1.0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
35,9 
35,9 
13,6 
13,6 
2.2 
2.2 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
453,8 
453,8 
510,4 
510,4 

183.7 
183.7 
240,2 
240,2 
216,4 
216,4 
11,1 
11,1 
7,1 
7,1 
4,3 
4,3 
64,0 
64,0 
25,4 
25,4 
11,0 
11,0 
4,5 
4,5 
5,5 
5,5 
9,0 
9,0 
0,7 
0,7 
1.763,8 
1.763,8 
1.951,5 
1.951,5 

100% 
100% 
44% 
44% 
98% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
80% 
80% 
40% 
40% 
30% 
30% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
64% 
64% 
64% 
64% 

79,4 
79,4 
50,5 
50,5 
17,8 
17,8 
0,3 
0,3 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,5 
0,5 
14,2 
14,2 
0,7 
0,7 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
0,0 
367,6 
367,6 
441,7 
441,7 

161,9 
161,9 
154,4 
154,4 
180,3 
180,3 
3,3 
3,3 
2,2 
2,2 
1,3 
1,3 
14,6 
14,6 
20,1 
20,1 
3.3 
3.3 
1.4 
1.4 
1.7 
1.7 
2.7 
2.7 
0,2 
0,2 
1.008,8 
1.008,8 
1.153,0 
1.153,0 

88% 
88% 
28% 
28% 
82% 
82% 
30% 
30% 
31% 
31% 
24% 
24% 
9% 
9% 
24% 
24% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
30% 
31% 
31% 
32% 
32% 

208 
208 

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 
ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS 

$J9°)  - ^ JC 
$J9°)  - ^ JO 

9* Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

211 

Adapt 
CAP 
CEEC 
CEEP 

CES 

CI 
CIP 
CSF 
EAGGF 
Ecos-Ouverture 
EC-BIC 
ECSC 
EFTA 
EIB 
EIF 
Employment 
ERDF 
ESDP 
ESF 
Europartenariat 

FIFG 
Forcem 
Horizon 

Interreg 

ISDN 
Konver 

LAG 
Leader 
MGP 
Now 
OP 
Pacte 

Peace 

Pesca 
Phare 

SME 
SMEs 
R&D 
R&TD 
Rechar 
Recite 
Regen 
Regis 
Résider 
Retex 

Community Initiative for the adaptation of workers to industrial change 
Common agricultural policy 
Central and eastern European countries 
Centre  européen  de  l'entreprise  publique  (European  Centre  for  Public 
Enterprise) 
Confédération  européenne  des  syndicats  - European  Confederation  of 
Trade Unions 
Community Initiative 
Community Initiative programme 
Community support framework 
European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund 
Cooperation network with central and eastern European cities 
European Community Business and Innovation Centre 
European Coal and Steel Community 
European Free Trade Association 
European Investment Bank 
European Investment Fund 
Community Initiative for the development of human resources 
European Regional Development Fund 
European Spatial Development Perspective 
European Social Fund 
Events to promote contacts between businesses in regions eligible under 
the Structural Funds and businesses elsewhere in the Conimunity and/or 
non-member countries 
Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance 
Foundation for continuing training (Spain) 
Community  Initiative  for  the  occupational  integration  of  handicapped 
and disadvantaged people 
Community Initiative for the promotion of crossborder and interregional 
cooperation 
Integrated Services Digital Network 
Community  Initiative  for  the  conversion  of  regions  dependent  on  the 
defence sector 
Local action group 
Community Initiative for rural development projects 
Multiannual (fisheries) guidance programme 
Community Initiative for the occupational integration of women 
Operational Programme 
Programme for sharing experience among local and regional  authorities 
of Europe 
Community  Initiative  for  reconciliation  and  peace  in  Northern  Ireland 
and in the border counties of Ireland 
Community Initiative for the fishing industry 
Programme  of  aid  for  the  economic  conversion  of  central  and  eastern 
European countries 
Small and medium-sized enterprise(s) 
Community Initiative for the adjustment of SMEs to the Single Market 
Research and development 
Research and technological development 
Community Initiative for the conversion of coal-mining areas 
Programme to create networks among the regions and cities of Europe 
Community Initiative for energy networks 
Community Initiative for the most remote regions 
Community Initiative for the conversion of steel-making areas 
Community  Initiative  for  the  diversification  of  economic  activities  in 
regions heavily dependent on the textiles and clothing industry 

212 

RIS 
RISI 
SPD 
Stride 

TEN(s) 
UNICE 
Urban 
Youthstart 

9"1 Annual Report of the Structural Funds (1997) 

Regional Innovation Strategy 
Regional Information Society Initiative 
Single programming document 
Community Initiative on science and technology for regional innovation 
and development 
Trans-European network(s) 
Union of Industrial and Employers' Confederations of Europe 
Community Initiative to assist declining urban areas 
Community Initiative for the occupational integration of young people 

9AJ> 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(98) 562 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

13  03  04  10 

Catalogue  number  :  CB-CO-98-567-EN-C 

ISBN  92-78-39640-0 

Office  for Official  Publications of the European Communities 

L-2985 Luxembourg