Proposal for a European Parliament and Council Directive amending Council Directive 78/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to heating systems for the passenger compartment of motor vehicles
Date: 1998-09-28
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Community certification, approximation of laws, heating, motor vehicle, vehicle parts

C  326/4

EN

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24.10.98

II

(Preparatory  Acts)

COMMISSION

Proposal  for  a  European  Parliament  and  Council  Directive  amending  Council  Directive
78/548/EEC  on  the  approximation  of  the  laws  of  the  Member  States  relating  to  heating  systems
for  the  passenger  compartment  of  motor  vehicles

(98/C  326/04)

(Text  with  EEA  relevance)

COM(1998)  526  final  -  98/0277(COD)

(Submitted  by  the  Commission  on  28  September  1998)

THE  EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT  AND  THE  COUNCIL
OF  THE  EUROPEAN  UNION,

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European
Community,  and  in  particular  Article  100a  thereof,

Having  regard  to  the  proposal  from  the  Commission,

Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  Economic  and
Social  Committee,

Acting  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  laid  down  in
Article  189b  of  the  Treaty,

Whereas,  in  the  light  of  technical  progress,  combustion
liquefied
heaters,  usually  fuelled  by  diesel,  petrol  or 
petroleum  gas,  are  now  fitted  to  many  types  of  vehicle  in
order  to  provide  heat  for  the  passenger  compartment
(e.g.  of  buses),  the  load  area  (e.g.  of  trucks  and  trailers)
or  the  sleeping  compartment  (e.g.  of  trucks  and  motor
caravans)  so  that  heat  can  be  provided  efficiently  and
without  the  noise  and  gaseous  emissions  associated  with
running 
is
parked;  whereas,  for  reasons  of  safety,  it  is  necessary  to
extend  the  scope  of  Directive  78/548/EEC  to  include
requirements  for  combustion  heaters,  and  for  their  instal(cid:220)
lation;  whereas  such  requirements  should  be  represen(cid:220)
tative  of  the  highest  standards  consistent  with  current
technology;

the  propulsion  engine  when 

the  vehicle 

Whereas  Directive  78/548/EEC(cid:216)(˛)  is  one  of  the  separate
directives  of  the  EC  type(cid:220)approval  procedure  which  has
been  established  by  Council  Directive  70/156/EEC  of  6
February  1970  on  the  approximation  of  the  laws  of  the
Member  States  relating  to  the  type(cid:220)approval  of  motor
last  amended  by
vehicles  and 
trailers(cid:216)(ˇ),  as 
Commission 
whereas,
consequently,  the  provisions 
in  Directive
70/156/EEC  relating  to  vehicle  systems,  components
and 
to  Directive
separate 
78/548/EEC;

98/14/EC(cid:216)(—); 
laid  down 

technical  units 

Directive 

apply 

their 

Whereas,  in  particular,  under  Article  3(4)  and  Article
4(3)  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  each  separate  directive  is
to  be  accompanied  by  an  information  document  incor(cid:220)
porating  the  relevant  items  of  Annex  I  to  Directive
70/156/EEC  and  also  a  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  based
on  Annex  VI  thereto  in  order  that  type(cid:220)approval  may  be
computerised;

Whereas  it  is  necessary  to  provide  for  type(cid:220)approval  for
combustion  heaters  as  components  and  for  vehicles  in
which  a  combustion  heater  is  installed;

Whereas  in  this  Directive  account  should  be  taken  of  the
other  provisions  which  exist  or  are  in  preparation  with
respect  to  the  safety  and  installation  of  gas  and  liquid
fuel  combustion  heaters,  and 
in  particular  Council
Directive  90/396/EEC(cid:216)((cid:209)),  as  amended  by  Directive
safety  of  gas
93/68/EEC(cid:216)((cid:210)),  with  regard 
appliances,  European  Norm  prEN  1949  (November
1995)  on  a  specification  for  the  installation  of  LPG
systems  for  habitation  purposes  in  leisure  accomodation
vehicles  and  other  vehicles  and  European  Norm  prEN
722(cid:220)1  (November  1995)  on  liquid  fuel  heating  systems
for  caravans  and  mobile  homes,

the 

to 

(˛)(cid:217)OJ  L  168,  26.6.1978,  p.  40.
(ˇ)(cid:217)OJ  L  42,  23.2.1970,  p.  1.
(—)(cid:217)OJ  L  91,  25.3.1998,  p.  1.

((cid:209))(cid:217)OJ  L  196,  26.7.1990,  p.  15.
((cid:210))(cid:217)OJ  L  220,  30.8.1993,  p.  1.

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HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DIRECTIVE:

-(cid:217)may  refuse  to  grant  national  type(cid:220)approval,

Article  1

Directive  78/548/EEC  is  amended  as  follows:

1.(cid:217)The  title  is  replaced  by  the  following:

"Council  Directive  78/548/EEC  of  12  June  1978
relating  to  heating  systems  for  motor  vehicles  and
their  trailers.’

2.(cid:217)Articles  1,  2  and  3  are  replaced  by  the  following:

"Article  1

For  the  purposes  of  this  Directive,  ""vehicle’’  means
any  vehicle  to  which  Directive  70/156/EEC  applies.

Article  2

No  Member  State  may  refuse  to  grant  EC  type(cid:220)
approval  or  national  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  type  of
vehicle  or  of  a  type  of  heating  system  on  grounds
relating  to  the  heating  system  for  the  passenger
compartment  or  load  area  if  the  system  satisfies  the
requirements  of  the  Annexes.

Article  3

No  Member  State  may  refuse  or  prohibit  the  sale,
registration,  entry  into  service  or  use  of  any  vehicle  or
the  sale,  entry  into  service  or  use  of  any  heating
system  on  grounds  relating  to  the  heating  system  for
the  passenger  compartment  or  load  area  if  the  system
satisfies  the  requirements  of  the  Annexes.’

3.(cid:217)The  Annexes  are  replaced  by  the  text  in  the  Annex  to

this  Directive.

Article  2

1.(cid:218)(cid:217)With  effect  from  1  October  1999  Member  States
may  not,  on  grounds  relating  to  heating  systems:

-(cid:217)refuse,  in  respect  of  a  type  of  vehicle  or  heating
system,  to  grant  EC  type(cid:220)approval  or  national  type(cid:220)
approval,  or

-(cid:217)prohibit  the  registration,  sale  or  entry  into  service  of
vehicles,  or  the  sale  or  entry  into  service  of  heating
systems,

if  the  heating  system  complies  with  the  requirements  of
Directive  78/548/EEC,  as  amended  by  this  Directive.

for  a  type  of  vehicle  on  grounds  relating  to  heating
systems,  of  for  a  type  of  combustion  heater,  if  the
requirements  of  Directive  78/548/EEC,  as  amended  by
this  Directive,  are  not  fulfilled.

3.(cid:218)(cid:217)With  effect  from  1  October  2001  Member  States:

-(cid:217)shall  consider  certificates  of  conformity  which
accompany  new  vehicles 
in  accordance  with  the
provisions  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  to  be  no  longer
valid 
that
Directive,  and

the  purposes  of  Article  7(1)  of 

for 

-(cid:217)may  refuse  the  registration,  sale  and  entry 

into

service  of  new  vehicles,

relating 

on  grounds 
the
requirements  of  Directive  78/548/EEC,  as  amended  by
this  Directive,  are  not  fulfilled.

to  heating 

systems 

if 

This  paragraph  shall  not  apply  to  vehicle  types  equipped
with  a  waste(cid:220)heat  heating  system  -  using  water  as  the
transfer  medium.

4.(cid:218)(cid:217)With  effect  from  1  October  2001  the  requirements
of  Directive  78/548/EEC  relating  to  combustion  heaters
this  Directive,  are
as  components,  as  amended  by 
applicable  for  the  purposes  of  Article  7(2)  of  Directive
70/156/EEC.

Article  3

1.(cid:218)(cid:217)Member  States  shall  bring 
laws,
regulations  and  administrative  provisions  necessary  to
comply  with  this  Directive  by  30  September  1999.  They
shall  forthwith  inform  the  Commission  thereof.

into  force  the 

When  Member  States  adopt  those  provisions,  they  shall
contain  a  reference  to  this  Directive  or  be  accompanied
by  such  a  reference  on  the  occasion  of  their  official
publication.  Member  States  shall  determine  how  such
reference  is  to  be  made.

States 

2.(cid:218)(cid:217)Member 
the
shall 
Commission  the  text  of  the  main  provisions  of  national
law  which  they  adopt 
in  the  field  covered  by  this
Directive.

communicate 

to 

Article  4

This  Directive  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  20th  day
following  that  of  its  publication  in  the  Official  Journal  of
the  European  Communities.

2.(cid:218)(cid:217)With  effect  from  1  October  2000  Member  States:

Article  5

-(cid:217)shall  no  longer  grant  EC  type(cid:220)approval,  and

This  Directive  is  addressed  to  the  Member  States.

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ANNEX

"ANNEX  I

ADMINISTRATIVE  PROVISIONS  FOR  TYPE(cid:220)APPROVAL

1.

Application  for  EC  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  vehicle  type

1.1. The  application  for  EC  type(cid:220)approval  pursuant  to  Article  3(4)  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  of  a  vehicle

type  with  regard  to  its  heating  system  shall  be  submitted  by  the  manufacturer.

1.2. A  model  for  the  information  document  is  given  in  Appendix  1.

1.3. The  following  must  be  submitted  to  the  technical  service  responsible  for  conducting  the  type(cid:220)

approval  tests:

1.3.1.(cid:217)a  vehicle  representative  of  the  type  to  be  approved.

2.

Granting  of  EC  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  vehicle  type

2.1.

If  the  relevant  requirements  are  satisfied,  EC  type(cid:220)approval  pursuant  to  Article  4(3)  of  Directive
70/156/EEC  shall  be  granted.

2.2. A  model  for  the  EC  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  is  given  in  Appendix  2.

2.3. An  approval  number  in  accordance  with  Annex  VII  to  Directive  70/156/EEC  shall  be  assigned  to
each  type  of  vehicle  approved.  The  same  Member  State  shall  not  assign  the  same  number  to  another
type  of  vehicle.

3.

Application  for  EC  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  type  of  combustion  heater

3.1. The  application  for  EC  type(cid:220)approval  pursuant  to  Article  3(4)  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  of  a  type  of
combustion  heater  as  a  component  shall  be  submitted  by  the  manufacturer  of  the  heating  system.

3.2. A  model  for  the  information  document  is  given  in  Appendix  3.

3.3. The  following  must  be  submitted  to  the  technical  service  responsible  for  conducting  the  type(cid:220)

approval  tests:

3.3.1.(cid:217)a  combustion  heater  representative  of  the  type  to  be  approved.

4.

Granting  of  EC  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  type  of  combustion  heater

4.1.

If  the  relevant  requirements  are  satisfied,  EC  type(cid:220)approval  pursuant  to  Article  4(3)  and,  if
applicable,  Article  4(4)  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  shall  be  granted.

4.2. A  model  for  the  EC  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  is  given  in  Appendix  4.

4.3. An  approval  number  in  accordance  with  Annex  VII  to  Directive  70/156/EEC  shall  be  assigned  to
each  type  of  combustion  heater  approved.  The  same  Member  State  shall  not  assign  the  same  number
to  another  type  of  combustion  heater.

4.4. Every  combustion  heater  conforming  to  a  type  approved  pursuant  to  this  Directive  shall  bear  an  EC

component  type(cid:220)approval  mark  as  specified  in  Appendix  5.

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5.

Modifications  of  the  type  and  amendments  to  approvals

5.1.

In  the  case  of  modifications  of  the  type  of  vehicle  or  type  of  combustion  heater  approved  pursuant
to  this  Directive,  the  provisions  of  Article  5  of  Directive  70/156/EEC  shall  apply.

6.

Conformity  of  production

6.1. Measures  to  ensure  the  conformity  of  production  shall  be  taken  in  accordance  with  the  provisions

laid  down  in  Article  10  of  Directive  70/156/EEC.

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Appendix  1

Information  document  No(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).

in  accordance  with  Annex  I  to  Council  Directive  70/156/EEC(cid:216)(˛)  relating  to  EC  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  vehicle
with  regard  to  its  heating  systems(cid:216)(ˇ)

(Directive  78/548/EEC  as  last  amended  by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC)

The  following  information,  if  applicable,  must  be  supplied  in  triplicate  and  include  a  list  of  contents.  Any
drawings  must  be  supplied  in  appropriate  scale  and  in  sufficient  detail  on  size  A4  or  on  a  folder  of  A4
format.  Photographs,  if  any,  must  show  sufficient  detail.

If  the  systems,  components  or  separate  technical  units  have  electronic  controls,  information  concerning
their  performance  must  be  supplied.

0.

0.1.

0.2.

(cid:217)General

Make  (trade  name  of  manufacturer):

Type:

0.2.1.

Commercial  name(s)  if  available:

0.3.

Means  of  identification  of  type,  if  marked  on  the  vehicle  (b):

0.3.1.

Location  of  that  marking:

0.4.

0.5.

0.8.

1.

1.1.

3.

Category  of  vehicle  (c):

Name  and  address  of  manufacturer:

Address(es)  of  assembly  plant(s):

General  construction  characteristics  of  the  vehicle

Photographs  and/or  drawings  of  a  representative  vehicle:

Power  plant  (q)

3.1.1.

Manufacturer’s  engine  code  (as  marked  on  the  engine,  or  other  means  of  identification):

3.2.1.1. Working  principle:  positive  ignition/compression  ignition,  four  stroke/two  stroke(cid:216)(—)

3.2.1.2.

Number  and  arrangement  of  cylinders:

3.2.1.8. Maximum  net  power:(cid:217)...........................................(cid:217)kW  at(cid:217)...........................................(cid:217)min(cid:220)1  (manu(cid:220)

facturer’s  declared  value)

3.2.7.

Cooling  system  (liquid/air)(cid:216)(—)

3.2.7.1.

Nominal  setting  of  the  engine  temperature  control  mechanism:

3.2.8.1.

Pressure  charger:  yes/no(cid:216)(—)

3.2.8.1.2.(cid:218)Type(s):

(˛)(cid:217)The  item  numbers  and  footnotes  used  in  this  information  document  correspond  to  those  set  out  in  Annex  I  to

Directive  70/156/EEC.  Items  not  relevant  for  the  purpose  of  this  Directive  are  omitted.

(ˇ)(cid:217)In  the  case  of  heating  systems  using  heat  from  the  engine  cooling  fluid,  only  items  0  to  0.8,  3.2.7  and  9.10.5.1  are

applicable.

(—)(cid:217)Delete  where  not  applicable.

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3.2.8.1.3.(cid:218)Description  of  the  system  (e.g.  maximum  charge  pressure:(cid:217)...............................................(cid:217)kPa,

wastegate  if  applicable)

9.

Bodywork

9.10.5.

Heating  systems  for  the  passenger  compartment

9.10.5.1. A  brief  description  of  the  vehicle  type  with  regard  to  the  heating  system  if  the  heating  system

uses  the  heat  of  the  engine  cooling  fluid:

9.10.5.2. A  brief  description  of  the  vehicle  type  with  regard  to  the  heating  system  if  the  cooling  air  or  the

exhaust  gases  of  the  engine  are  used  as  the  heat  source,  including

9.10.5.2.1.(cid:217)Layout  drawing  of  the  heating  system  showing  its  position  in  the  vehicle:

9.10.5.2.2.(cid:217)Layout  drawing  of  the  heat  exchanger  for  heating  systems  using  the  exhaust  gases  for  heating
or  of  the  parts  where  the  heat  exchange  takes  place  (for  heating  systems  using  the  engine
cooling  air  for  heating):

9.10.5.2.3.(cid:217)Sectional  drawing  of  the  heat  exchanger  or  the  parts  respectively  where  the  heat  exchange  takes

place,  indicating  the  thickness  of  the  wall,  materials  used  and  the  characteristics  of  the  surface:

9.10.5.2.4.(cid:217)Specifications  shall  be  given  for  further  important  components  of  the  heating  system,  such  as
e.g.  the  heater  fan,  with  regard  to  their  method  of  construction  and  technical  data:

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Appendix  2

MODEL

(maximum  format:  A4  (210(cid:216)(cid:141)(cid:216)297  mm))

EC  TYPE(cid:220)APPROVAL  CERTIFICATE

STAMP  OF  ADMINISTRATION

Communication  concerning  the

-(cid:217)type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)extension  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)refusal  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)withdrawal  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

of  a  type  of  vehicle/component/separate  technical  unit(cid:216)(˛)  with  regard  to  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EEC,  as  last
amended  by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC.

Type(cid:220)approval  number:  .(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).

Reason  for  extension:  .(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).

SECTION  I

0.1. (cid:217)Make  (trade  name  of  manufacturer):

0.2. Type:

0.2.1.(cid:217)Commercial  name(s),  if  available:

0.3. Means  of  identification  of  type  if  marked  on  the  vehicle/component/separate  technical  unit(cid:216)(˛)(cid:216)(ˇ):

0.4. Category  of  vehicle(cid:216)(˛)(cid:216)(—):

0.5. Name  and  address  of  manufacturer:

0.7.

In  the  case  of  components  and  separate  technical  units,  location  and  method  of  affixing  of  the  EC
approval  mark:

0.8. Address(es)  of  assembly  plant(s):

SECTION  II

1.(cid:217)Additional  information  (where  applicable):  see  Addendum

2.(cid:217)Technical  service  responsible  for  carrying  out  the  tests:

3.(cid:217)Date  of  test  report:

(˛)(cid:217)Delete  where  not  applicable.
(ˇ)(cid:217)If  the  means  of  identification  of  type  contains  characters  not  relevant  to  describe  the  vehicle,  component  or  separate
technical  unit  types  covered  by  this  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  such  characters  shall  be  represented  in  the  documentation
by  the  symbol  ""?’’  (e.(cid:216)g.  ABC??123??).

(—)(cid:217)As  defined  in  Annex  IIA  to  Directive  70/156/EEC.

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4.(cid:217)Number  of  test  report:

5.(cid:217)Remarks  (if  any):  see  Addendum

6.(cid:217)Place:

7.(cid:217)Date:

8.(cid:217)Signature:

9.(cid:217)The  index  to  the  information  package  lodged  with  the  approval  authority,  which  may  be  obtained  on

request,  is  attached.

Addendum

to  EC  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  No  .(cid:216).(cid:216).  concerning  the  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  type  of  vehicle  with  regard  to
Directive  78/548/EEC  as  last  amended  by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC

1. (cid:217)Additional  information

1.1.(cid:217)Heating  system  using  heat  from  the  engine  cooling  fluid/exhaust  gases/engine  cooling  air(cid:216)(˛)

1.2.(cid:217)Combustion  heaters,  if  any

5. Remarks:

(˛)(cid:217)Delete  where  not  applicable.

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Appendix  3

Information  document  No  .(cid:216).(cid:216).

relating  to  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  combustion  heater  (Directive  78/548/EEC  as  last  amended
by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC)

The  following  information,  if  applicable,  must  be  supplied  in  triplicate  and  include  a  list  of  contents.  Any
drawings  must  be  supplied  in  appropriate  scale  and  in  sufficient  detail  on  size  A4  or  on  a  folder  of  A4
format.  Photographs,  if  any,  must  show  sufficient  detail.

If  the  systems,  components  or  separate  technical  units  have  electronic  controls,  information  concerning
their  performance  must  be  supplied.

0. (cid:217)General

0.1.(cid:217)Make  (trade  name  of  manufacturer):

0.2.(cid:217)Type  and  general  commercial  description(s):

0.5.(cid:217)Name  and  address  of  manufacturer:

0.7.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  components  and  separate  technical  units,  location  and  method  of  affixing  of  the  EC

type(cid:220)approval  mark:

0.8.(cid:217)Address(es)  of  assembly  plant(s):

1. Combustion  heater

1.1.(cid:217)Test  pressure:

1.2.(cid:217)etc.

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Appendix  4

MODEL

(maximum  format:  A4  (210(cid:216)(cid:141)(cid:216)297  mm))

EC  TYPE(cid:220)APPROVAL  CERTIFICATE

STAMP  OF  ADMINISTRATION

Communication  concerning  the

-(cid:217)type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)extension  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)refusal  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

-(cid:217)withdrawal  of  type(cid:220)approval(cid:216)(˛)

of  a  type  of  vehicle/component/separate  technical  unit(cid:216)(˛)  with  regard  to  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EEC,  as  last
amended  by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC.

Type(cid:220)approval  number:  .(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).

Reason  for  extension:  .(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).(cid:216).

SECTION  I

0.1.(cid:217)Make  (trade  name  of  manufacturer):

0.2.(cid:217)Type  and  general  commercial  description(s):

0.3.(cid:217)Means  of  identification  of  type  if  marked  on  the  vehicle/component/separate  technical  unit(cid:216)(˛)(cid:216)(ˇ):

0.4.(cid:217)Category  of  vehicle(cid:216)(˛)(cid:216)(—):

0.5.(cid:217)Name  and  address  of  manufacturer:

0.7.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  components  and  separate  technical  units,  location  and  method  of  affixing  of  the  EC

approval  mark:

0.8.(cid:217)Address(es)  of  assembly  plant(s):

SECTION  II

1.(cid:217)Additional  information  (where  applicable):  see  Addendum

2.(cid:217)Technical  service  responsible  for  carrying  out  the  tests:

3.(cid:217)Date  of  test  report:

4.(cid:217)Number  of  test  report:

(˛)(cid:217)Delete  where  not  appropriate.
(ˇ)(cid:217)If  the  means  of  identification  of  type  contains  characters  not  relevant  to  describe  the  vehicle,  component  or  separate
technical  unit  types  covered  by  this  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  such  characters  shall  be  represented  in  the  documentation
by  the  symbol  ""?’’  (e.g.  ABC??123??).

(—)(cid:217)As  defined  in  Annex  IIA  to  Directive  70/156/EEC.

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5.(cid:217)Remarks  (if  any):  see  Addendum

6.(cid:217)Place:

7.(cid:217)Date:

8.(cid:217)Signature:

9.(cid:217)The  index  to  the  information  package  lodged  with  the  approval  authority,  which  may  be  obtained  on

request,  is  attached.

to  EC  type(cid:220)approval  certificate  No  .(cid:216).(cid:216).  concerning  the  component  type(cid:220)approval  of  a  type  of  combustion
heater  with  regard  to  Directive  78/548/EC  as  last  amended  by  Directive  .(cid:216).(cid:216)./.(cid:216).(cid:216)./EC

Addendum

1. (cid:217)Additional  information

1.1.(cid:217)Description  of  the  type  of  combustion  heater:

etc.

5. Remarks:

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Appendix  5

EC  COMPONENT  TYPE(cid:220)APPROVAL  MARK

1.

(cid:217)General

1.1. The  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval  mark  consists  of:

1.1.1.(cid:217)a  rectangle  surrounding  the  lower  case  letter  ""e’’  followed  by  the  distinguishing  number  or  letters  of

the  Member  State  which  has  granted  the  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval:

1(cid:218)for  Germany

2(cid:218)for  France

3(cid:218)for  Italy

4(cid:218)for  the  Netherlands

5(cid:218)for  Sweden

6(cid:218)for  Belgium

9(cid:218)for  Spain

11(cid:218)for  the  United  Kingdom

12(cid:218)for  Austria

13(cid:218)for  Luxembourg

17(cid:218)for  Finland

18(cid:218)for  Denmark

21(cid:218)for  Portugal

23(cid:218)for  Greece

IRL  for  Ireland

1.1.2.(cid:217)in  the  vicinity  of  the  rectangle  the  ""base  approval  number’’  contained  in  section  4  of  the  type
approval  number  referred  to  in  Annex  VII  to  Directive  70/156/EEC,  preceded  by  the  two  figures
indicating  the  sequence  number  assigned  to  the  most  recent  major  technical  amendment  to  Directive
78/548/EEC  on  the  date  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval  was  granted.  In  this  Directive,  the  sequence
number  is  00.

1.2. The  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval  mark  must  be  clearly  legible  and  indelible.

2.

Example  of  the  EC  component  type(cid:220)approval  mark

2.1.

The  above  component  type(cid:220)approval  mark  shows  that  the  combustion  heater  in  question  has  been
approved  in  Germany  (e(cid:216)1)  under  approval  number  2439.  The  first  two  digits  (00)  indicate  that  this
component  was  approved  according  to  this  Directive.

ANNEX  II

SCOPE,  DEFINITIONS  AND  REQUIREMENTS

1.

Scope

1.1. This  Directive  applies  to  all  vehicles  in  categories  M,  N  and  O  where  a  heating  system  is  fitted.

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2.

Definitions

For  the  purposes  of  this  Directive:

2.1.

""heating  system’’  means  any  type  of  device  which  is  designed  to  increase  the  temperature  of  the
interior  of  a  vehicle,  including  any  load  area;

2.2.

""combustion  heater’’  means  a  device  directly  using  liquid  or  gaseous  fuel  and  not  using  the  waste  heat
from  the  engine  used  for  propulsion  of  the  vehicle;

2.3.

""vehicle  type  with  regard  to  heating  system’’  means  vehicles  which  do  not  differ  in  essential  respects
such  as:

-(cid:217)functioning  principle(s)  of  the  heating  system,

-(cid:217)type  of  combustion  heater,  if  any;

2.4.

""type  of  combustion  heater’’  means  devices  which  do  not  differ  in  essential  respects  such  as:

-(cid:217)fuel  type  (e.g.  liquid  or  gaseous),

-(cid:217)transfer  medium  (e.g.  air  or  water),

-(cid:217)vehicle  location  (e.g.  passenger  compartment  or  load  area);

2.5.

""waste(cid:220)heat  heating  system’’  means  any  type  of  device  using  the  waste  heat  from  the  engine  used  for
propulsion  of  the  vehicle  to  increase  the  temperature  of  the  interior  of  the  vehicle,  this  may  include
water,  oil  or  air  as  the  transfer  medium;

2.6.

""interior’’  means  the  inside  of  a  vehicle  used  for  the  accommodation  of  the  vehicle  occupants  and/or
the  load;

2.7.

""heating  system  for  the  passenger  compartment ’’  means  any  type  of  device  designed  to  increase  the
temperature  of  the  passenger  compartment;

2.8.

""heating  system  for  the  load  area ’’  means  any  type  of  device  designed  to  increase  the  temperature  of
the  load  area;

2.9.

""passenger  compartment ’’  means  the  interior  part  of  the  vehicle  used  to  accommodate  the  driver  and
any  passengers;

2.10.

""gaseous  fuel’’  includes  fuels  that  are  gaseous  at  normal  temperature  and  pressure,  such  as  liquefied
petroleum  gas  (LPG)  and  compressed  natural  gas  (CNG);

2.11.

""overheating’’  means  the  condition  that  exists  when  the  air  inlet  to  the  combustion  heater  is
completely  blocked.

3.

Requirements  for  heating  systems

3.1. The  passenger  compartment  of  every  vehicle  in  categories  M  and  N  shall  be  fitted  with  a  heating

system.

3.2. The  general  requirements  for  heating  systems  are  that:

-(cid:217)the  heated  air  entering  the  passenger  compartment  shall  be  no  more  polluted  than  the  air  at  the

point  of  inlet  to  the  vehicle,

-(cid:217)the  driver  of  the  vehicle,  during  road  use,  will  not  be  able  to  come  into  contact  with  parts  of  the

vehicle  or  heated  air  liable  to  cause  burns,  and

-(cid:217)the  exhaust  emissions  from  combustion  heaters  are  within  acceptable  limits.

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The  test  procedures  for  the  verification  of  each  of  these  requirements  are  set  out  in  Annexes  IV,  V
and  VI.

3.2.1.(cid:217)The  following  table  indicates  which  Annexes  apply  to  each  type  of  heating  system  within  each

vehicle  category:

Heating  system

Vehicle
category

Annex  IV

Annex  V

Annex  VI

Air  quality

Temperature

Exhaust

Engine  waste  heat  -  water

Engine  waste  heat  -  air

See  Note  1

Engine  waste  heat  -  oil

Gaseous  fuel  heater

See  Notes  2  and  4

Liquid  fuel  heater

See  Note  4  (Categories  M  and  N)

See  Note  3  (Category  O)

M

N

O

M

N

O

M

N

O

M

N

O

M

N

O

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3.3. Other  requirements  for  combustion  heaters  and  their  installation  in  vehicles  are  laid  down  in  Annex

VII.

Note(cid:217)1: Vehicles  which  comply  with  the  requirements  of  Annex  III  are  exempt  from  these  test

requirements.

Note(cid:217)2: Combustion  heaters  designed  for  use  when  the  vehicle  is  in  motion  and  which  comply  with
Directive  90/396/EEC  and  installed  according  to  EN  1949,  are  deemed  to  comply  with  Annexes
IV,  V  and  VI  (except  for  paragraph  3).

Note(cid:217)3: Combustion  heaters  which  comply  with  EN  722(cid:220)1  (date)  are  deemed  to  comply  with  Annexes  IV,

V  and  VI.

Note(cid:217)4: Combustion  heaters 

located  outside  the  passenger  compartment,  using  water  as  a  transfer

medium,  are  deemed  to  comply  with  Annexes  IV  and  V.

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ANNEX  III

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  WASTE  HEATING  SYSTEMS  -  AIR

1. The  requirements  set  out  in  3.2  of  Annex  II  are  considered  satisfied  in  respect  of  heating  systems
which  include  a  heat  exchanger,  the  primary  circuit  of  which  is  passed  over  by  exhaust  gases  or
polluted  air,  provided  that  the  following  conditions  are  satisfied:

2.

the  walls  of  the  primary  circuit  of  the  heat  exchanger  must  be  leak(cid:220)tight  at  any  pressure  up  to  and
including  2  bar;

3.

the  walls  of  the  primary  circuit  of  the  heat  exchanger  must  not  include  any  detachable  component;

4.

the  wall  of  the  heat  exchanger  where  the  exchange  of  heat  takes  place  must  be  at  least  2(cid:216)mm  thick  if
made  of  non(cid:220)alloy  steels;

4.1.(cid:217)in  cases  where  other  materials  are  used  (including  composite  or  coated  materials),  the  thickness  of  the
wall  must  be  such  as  to  ensure  that  the  heat  exchanger  has  the  same  service  life  as  in  the  case  referred
to  in  4;

4.2.(cid:217)if  the  wall  of  the  heat  exchanger  where  the  exchange  of  heat  takes  place  is  enamelled,  the  wall  where
such  enamel  has  been  applied  must  be  at  least  1(cid:216)mm  thick  and  this  enamel  must  be  durable,  leak  tight
and  not  porous;

5.

the  pipe  conducting  the  exhaust  gases  must  include  a  corrosion  test  zone  at  least  30(cid:216)mm  long,  this
zone  being  situated  directly  downstream  of  the  heat  exchanger,  uncovered  and  easily  accessible;

5.1.(cid:217)the  wall  of  this  corrosion  test  zone  must  not  be  thicker  than  the  pipes  for  the  exhaust  gases  situated
inside  the  heat  exchanger  and  the  materials  and  surface  properties  of  this  section  must  be  comparable
with  those  of  these  pipes;

5.2.(cid:217)if  the  heat  exchanger  forms  a  single  unit  with  the  vehicle  exhaust  silencer,  the  external  wall  of  the

latter  must  be  regarded  as  the  zone  complying  with  5.1  where  any  corrosion  should  occur.

6.

In  the  case  of  waste(cid:220)heat  heating  systems  using  the  cooling  air  of  the  engine  for  heating  purposes,  the
conditions  of  3.2  of  Annex  II  are  considered  satisfied  without  the  use  of  a  heat  exchanger  provided
that  the  following  conditions  are  satisfied:

-(cid:217)the  cooling  air  which  is  used  for  heating  purposes  comes  into  contact  only  with  surfaces  of  the

engine  which  do  not  include  any  detachable  part,  and

-(cid:217)the  connections  beween  the  walls  of  this  cooling  air  circuit  and  the  surfaces  used  for  the  transfer  of

heat  are  gas(cid:220)tight  and  oil(cid:220)resistant.

These  conditions  are  considered  satisfied  if,  for  example:

6.1.(cid:217)a  sheath  around  each  sparking  plug  draws  off  any  gas  leaks  outside  the  heating  air  circuit;

6.2.(cid:217)the  joint  between  the  cylinder  head  and  the  exhaust  manifold  is  situated  outside  the  heating  air  circuit;

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6.3.(cid:217)there  is  double  leak  protection  between  the  cylinder  head  and  the  cylinder  and  any  leaks  from  the  first

joint  are  drawn  off  outside  the  heating  air  circuit,

or

the  leak  protection  between  the  cylinder  head  and  the  cylinder  still  holds  when  the  cylinder  head  nuts
are  cold(cid:220)tightened  at  one(cid:220)third  of  the  nominal  torque  prescribed  by  the  manufacturer,

or

the  area  where  the  cylinder  head  is  joined  to  the  cylinder  is  situated  outside  the  heating  air  circuit.

ANNEX  IV

TEST  PROCEDURE  FOR  AIR  QUALITY

1.0.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  complete  vehicles  the  following  test  shall  be  carried  out:

1.1.(cid:217)Operate  the  heater  for  one  hour  at  maximum  output  in  conditions  of  still  air  (wind  speed  R 2  m/s),
with  all  windows  closed  and,  in  the  case  of  a  combustion  heater,  the  propulsion  engine  switched  off.
If,  however,  having  selected  the  maximum  output  the  heater  switches  off  automatically  in  less  than  an
hour,  the  measurements  may  be  made  earlier.

1.2.(cid:217)The  proportion  of  CO  in  the  ambient  air  shall  be  measured  by  taking  samples  from:

(a)(cid:217)a  point  outside  the  vehicle  as  close  as  possible  to  the  heating  air  inlet;  and

(b) a  point  inside  the  vehicle  less  than  1(cid:216)m  from  the  heated  air  outlet.

1.3.(cid:217)Readings  shall  be  taken  for  a  representative  time  of  10  minutes.

1.4.(cid:217)The  reading  from  position  (b)  shall  be  less  than  20(cid:216)ppm  CO  higher  than  from  position  (a).

2.0.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  combustion  heaters  as  components  the  following  test  shall  be  carried  out:

2.1.(cid:217)The  primary  circuit  of  the  heat  exchanger  shall  be  subjected  to  a  leakage  test  to  ensure  that  polluted

air  cannot  enter  the  heated  air  intended  for  the  passenger  compartment.

2.2.(cid:217)The  requirement  shall  be  considered  to  be  fulfilled  if,  at  a  gauge  pressure  of  D (cid:216)500  hpa,  the  leakage

rate  from  the  heat  exchanger  is(cid:216)R 30  dm3/h.

ANNEX  V

TEST  PROCEDURE  FOR  TEMPERATURE

1. Operate  the  heater  for  one  hour  at  maximum  output  in  conditions  of  still  air  (wind  speed  R 2  m/s),
with  all  windows  closed.  If,  however,  having  selected  the  maximum  output  the  heater  switches  off
automatically  in  less  than  an  hour,  the  measurements  may  be  made  earlier.  If  the  heated  air  is  drawn
from  outside  the  vehicle  the  test  shall  be  carried  out  at  an  ambient  temperature  of  not  less  than  15(cid:216)›C.

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2. The  surface  temperature  of  any  part  of  the  heating  system  likely  to  come  into  contact  with  the  driver
of  the  vehicle  during  normal  road  use  shall  be  measured  with  a  contact  thermometer.  No  such  part  or
parts  shall  exceed  a  temperature  of  80(cid:216)›C.

2.1.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  part  or  parts  of  the  heating  system  behind  the  driver’s  seat,  and  in  the  case  of  over(cid:220)

heating,  the  temperature  shall  not  exceed  110(cid:216)›C.

3.1.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  vehicles  of  categories  M1 (cid:216)and  N,  no  part  of  the  system  likely  to  come  into  contact  with
seated  passengers  during  normal  road  use  of  the  vehicle,  with  the  exception  of  the  outlet  grille,  shall
exceed  a  temperature  of  110(cid:216)›C.

3.2.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  vehicles  of  categories  M2 (cid:216)and  M3,  no  part  of  the  system  likely  to  come  into  contact  with

passengers  during  normal  road  use  of  the  vehicle,  shall  exceed  a  temperature  of  80(cid:216)›C.

4. The  temperature  of  the  heated  air  entering  the  passenger  compartment  shall  not  exceed  150(cid:216)›C  to  be

measured  at  the  centre  of  the  outlet.

ANNEX  VI

TEST  PROCEDURE  FOR  EXHAUST  EMISSIONS

1.(cid:217)Operate  heater  for  one  hour  at  maximum  output  in  conditions  of  still  air  (wind  speed  R 2  m/s)  and  an
ambient  temperature  of  20(cid:216)n 10(cid:216)›C.  If,  however,  having  selected  the  maximum  output  the  heater
switches  off  automatically  in  less  than  an  hour,  the  measurements  may  be  made  earlier.

2.(cid:217)The  dry  and  undiluted  exhaust  emissions,  measured  using  an  appropriate  meter,  shall  not  exceed  the

values  indicated  in  the  following  table:

Parameter

Gas  heaters

Liquid  fuel  heaters

CO

NOx

HC

Absorption  coefficient(cid:216)(˛)

R 0,1  %  vol.

R 200  ppm

R 100  ppm

R 1

(˛)(cid:217)Reference  unit  ""Bacharach’’  ASTM(cid:216)D(cid:216)2156  is  used.

R 0,1  %  vol.

R 200  ppm

R 100  ppm

R 6

3.(cid:217)The  test  shall  be  repeated  in  conditions  equivalent  to  a  vehicle  speed  of  100(cid:216)km/h.  Under  these
conditions  the  CO  value  must  not  exceed  0,2(cid:216)%  vol.  If  the  test  has  been  carried  out  on  the  heater  as  a
component,  then  it  need  not  be  repeated  in  the  case  of  the  vehicle  type  in  which  the  heater  is  installed.

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ANNEX  VII

REQUIREMENTS  FOR  COMBUSTION  HEATERS

1.

GENERAL  REQUIREMENTS

1.1. Operating  and  maintenance  instructions  shall  be  supplied  with  every  heater  and,  in  the  case  of

heaters  intended  for  the  after(cid:220)market,  installation  instructions  shall  also  be  supplied.

1.2.

Safety  equipment  shall  be  installed  (either  as  part  of  the  combustion  heater  or  as  part  of  the  vehicle)
to  control  the  operation  of  every  combustion  heater  in  an  emergency.  It  shall  be  designed  such  that,
if  no  flame  is  obtained  at  start(cid:220)up  or  if  the  flame  goes  out  during  operation,  the  ignition  and
switching  times  for  the  supply  of  fuel  are  not  exceeded  by  4  minutes  in  the  case  of  liquid  fuel  heaters
or  1  minute  in  the  case  of  gaseous  fuel  heaters.

1.3. The  combustion  chamber  and  the  heat  exchanger  shall  be  capable  of  withstanding  a  pressure  of
twice  the  normal  operating  pressure  or  2  bar  (gauge),  whichever  is  greater.  The  test  pressure  shall  be
noted  in  the  information  document.

1.4. The  heater  must  have  a  maker’s  label  showing  the  maker’s  name,  the  model  number  and  type
together  with  its  rated  output  in  kilowatts.  The  fuel  type  must  also  be  stated  and,  where  relevant,  the
operating  voltage  and  gas  pressure.

2.

VEHICLE  INSTALLATION  REQUIREMENTS

2.1.

Scope

2.1.1.(cid:217)Subject  to  2.1.2  and  2.1.3,  combustion  heaters  shall  be  installed  according  to  the  requirements  of  this

Annex.

2.1.2.(cid:217)Vehicles  having  gaseous  fuel  heaters  which  are  installed  according  to  European  Norm  EN  1949

(date)  are  deemed  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  this  Annex.

2.1.3.(cid:217)Vehicles  of  category  O  having  liquid  fuel  heaters  which  are  installed  according  to  the  requirements
set  out  in  European  Norms  EN(cid:216)722(cid:220)1  (date)  are  deemed  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  this
Annex.

2.2.

Positioning  of  heater

2.2.1.(cid:217)Body  sections  and  any  other  components  in  the  vicinity  of  the  heater  must  be  protected  from

excessive  heat  and  the  possibility  of  fuel  or  oil  contamination.

2.2.2.(cid:217)The  combustion  heater  shall  not  constitute  a  risk  of  fire,  even  in  the  case  of  overheating.  This
requirement  shall  be  deemed  to  be  fulfilled  if  the  installation  ensures  an  adequate  distance  to  all
parts  and  suitable  ventilation,  by  the  use  of  fire(cid:220)resistant  materials  or  by  the  use  of  heat  shields.

2.2.3.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  M2 (cid:216)and  M3 (cid:216)vehicles,  the  heater  must  not  be  positioned  in  the  passenger  compartment.
However  an  installation  in  an  effectively  sealed  envelope  which  also  complies  with  the  conditions  in
2.2.2  may  be  used.

2.2.4.(cid:217)The  label  referred  to  in  1.4,  or  a  duplicate,  must  be  positioned  so  that  it  can  be  easily  read  when  the

heater  is  installed  in  the  vehicle.

2.2.5.(cid:217)Every  reasonable  precaution  should  be  taken  in  positioning  the  heater  to  minimise  the  risk  of  injury

and  damage  to  personal  property.

C  326/22

EN

Official  Journal  of  the  European  Communities

24.10.98

2.3.

Fuel  supply

2.3.1.(cid:217)The  fuel  filter  must  not  be  situated  in  the  passenger  compartment  and  must  be  provided  with  an

effective  cap  to  prevent  fuel  spillage.

2.3.2.(cid:217)In  the  case  of  liquid  fuel  heaters,  where  a  supply  separate  to  that  of  the  vehicle  is  provided,  the  type

of  fuel  and  its  filler  point  must  be  clearly  labelled.

2.3.3.(cid:217)A  notice,  indicating  that  the  heater  must  be  shut  down  before  refuelling,  shall  be  affixed  if  possible
to  the  fuelling  point  or  a  suitable  instruction  included  in  the  manufacturer’s  operating  manual.

2.4. Exhaust  system

2.4.1.(cid:217)The  exhaust  outlet  shall  be 

located  to  prevent  emissions  from  entering  the  vehicle  through

ventilators,  heated  air  inlets  or  opening  windows.

2.5. Combustion  air  inlet

2.5.1.(cid:217)The  air  for  the  combustion  chamber  of  the  heater  must  not  be  drawn  from  the  passenger

compartment  of  the  vehicle.

2.5.2.(cid:217)The  air  inlet  must  be  so  positioned  or  guarded  that  blocking  by  rubbish  or  luggage  is  unlikely.

2.6. Heating  air  inlet

2.6.1.(cid:217)The  heating  air  supply  may  be  fresh  or  recirculated  air  and  must  be  drawn  from  a  clean  area  not
likely  to  be  contaminated  by  exhaust  fumes  emitted  either  by  the  propulsion  engine,  the  combustion
heater  or  any  other  vehicle  source.

2.6.2.(cid:217)The  inlet  duct  must  be  protected  by  mesh  or  other  suitable  means.

2.7. Heating  air  outlet

2.7.1.(cid:217)Any  ducting  used  to  route  the  hot  air  through  the  vehicle  must  be  so  positioned  or  protected  that  no

injury  or  damage  could  be  caused  if  it  were  to  be  touched.

2.7.2.(cid:217)The  air  outlet  must  be  so  positioned  or  guarded  that  blocking  by  rubbish  or  luggage  is  unlikely.’