Commission report on co-operation with European non- governmental development organisations (NGDOs) in those fields of importance to developing countries - (1996 financial year)
Date: 1998-03-17
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU financing, cooperation policy, developing countries, development aid, non-governmental organisation

* ** 

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

-to 

ir 

Brussels,  17.03.1998 

COM0998)  127  final 

COMMISSION REPORT 

on co-operation with European 
non-governmental development 
organisations (NGDOs) in those fields 
of importance to developing countries 

(1996 financial year) 

SUMMARY 

1. 

At  its  meeting  of  28  November  1977  the  Council  approved  the  procedure  to  be 
followed  in  using  appropriations  under  item  B7-6000  of  the  Community  budget  for 
cofinancing operations with non-governmental development organisations (NGDOs).l 

Under  this  procedure  the  Commission  is  required  to  present  an  annual  report  to  the 
Council on the use of the appropriations allocated during the preceding financial year. 

The Commission is presenting this report for 1996. 

Although the Council's requirement only concerns appropriations under item B 7-6000, 
the report  also covers other major  spheres of co-operation with NGDOs  such  as  food 
aid,  humanitarian  aid,  special  programmes  and  co-ordination  between  NGDOs.  The 
various  contributions  made  by  the  relevant  Commission  departments  provide  an 
overview. 

1  See Council document R/207/78 (GCD) of 26 January 1978. 

CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

EUROPEAN COMMUNITY CO-OPERATION WITH DEVELOPMENT NGOs 
IN 1996 

1.  EC COFINANCENT OF PROJECTS  IN DEVELOPING 

COUNTRIES AND DEVELOPMENT AWARENESS RAISING 
CAMPAIGNS IN EUROPE CARRIED OUT BY EUROPEAN 
NON-GOVERNMENTAL  ORGANIZATIONS 
(item B7-6000 of the Budget) 

1.1  General Overview: 

1.2 

1996 EC Co-financing Programme of projects in Developing 

Countries carried out by European Development NGOs. 

1.2.1  Main Features of 1996 programme 

1.2.2  Block grants 

1.2.3  Recipient countries 

1.3  Co-financing  of Information  and Awareness Raising Campaigns 

on Development Issues in the EC 

1.3.1  Main Features of 1996 programme 

1.4  Cofinancing programme from 1976 to 1996 

1.5  Relations with the Liaison Committee of Development 

NGOs to the EC. 

1.6  Council Regulation on Co-financing operations with 

European NGOs. 

1.7  Outlook. 

H.  OTHER AREAS OF CO-OPERATION 

2.1  Food aid delivered by development  NGOs (Title B7-2 of the budget) 

2.2  Storage and early warning systems 

2.3  European Community Humanitarian Office  (ECHO) 
(Chapter B7-21 of the budget, Lomé Convention 

2.3.1  General overview of humanitarian aid in 1996 

2.3.2  Humanitarian operations 

A  3. 

Page 

il 

2 

3 

3 

4 

4 

5 

6 

7 

7 

8 

10 

11 

11 

12 

12 

13 

14 

14 

14 

2.3.3  NGO cooperation 

2.4  Co-operation with NGOs in respect of aid for refugees, returnees 

and displaced persons 

2.4.1  Cooperation with NGOs in respect of aid to promote self-
sufficiency  of refugees, displaced persons and returnees in 
Asia and Latin America 

2.4.2  Aid for refugees, returnees and displaced persons 

(Article 255 of Lomé Convention IV) 

2.5  Rehabilitation programmes in developing countries 

2.5.1  Rehabilitation operations 

(Budget headings B7-3210 and B7-6410 -1996 Budget) 

2.6  European Programme for Reconstruction and Development 

in South Africa: (Art. B7-3200 of budget) 

2.6.1  General objectives of the EPRD 

2.6.2 

Specific objectives 

2.6.3  Conclusions 

2.7  EC health measures, particularly in respect of AIDS, in developing 

countries: role of NGOs (ACP countries) 

2.8  Environment and forest sectors (Budget lines B7-6200 Environment 

and B7-6201 Forest) (ACP countries) 

2.8.1  Environment Budget Line B7-6200 

2.8.2  Tropical Forest Budget Line B7-6201 

2.9  B7-6004 

2.10  B7-6005 

2.11  Decentralized co-operation (B7-6430) 

2.11.1  Aims 

2.11.2  Budget heading item B7-6430 

15 

15 

15 

16 

17 

1" 

1S 

IS 

20 

21 

21 

23 

23 

23 

24 

25 

25 

25 

26 

^ 

TABLES 

relating to item B7-6000 

I.  Breakdown by recipient country of development projects cofinanced 

from  1976 to  1996 inclusive 

II.  Breakdown by Member State of Community funds allocated for 

cofinancing  from  1976 to 1996 inclusive 

III.  Breakdown by Member State of Community funds for  cofinancing 

allocated in 1*996 

Page 

27 

30 

31 

A  C 

INTRODUCTION 

Over the last 20 years co-operation between the European Development NGOs and the EC 
has kept pace with the solidarity  shown by the citizens of Europe through their support  for 
the work of the NGOs with the poor and marginalized in the developing countries. The EC 
mainly  contributes  through  the  cofinancing  of  NGO  development  programmes  in 
developing  countries  and  awareness  raising  campaigns  on  development  issues  in Europe, 
through  the  provision  of  food  aid  and  food  security  programmes,  the  provision  of 
humanitarian aid and assistance in many other more specialised areas. 

Despite  the  reduction  of financial resources  for  development  co-operation  in recent  years 
and the current budgetary restrictions to which the Commission is subject, there has been a 
steady commitment of EC financial resources made available to NGOs. 

In 1996 more than 703.6 MECU was allocated to NGOs for development and humanitarian 
activities  in  developing  countries  from  the  EC  budget  (compared  to  821.5  in  1995  and 
803.3 in 1994). 

In  addition  NGOs  have  played  a  significant  role  in  the  implementation  of  programmes 
within the EU's Asian and Latin American programmes and in the implementation of EDF 
(European Development Fund) programmes. 

The  special  budget  line  for  cofinancing  of  development  schemes  with  European  NGOs 
amounted  to  175  MECU1- in  1996  compared  to  174 MECU  in  1995  and  145  MECU  in 
1994. 

This  annual  report  is  focused  in  Section  1  on  NGO  operations  cofinanced  by  the 
Commission  under  heading  B7-6000.  Owing  to  the  large number  of  such  operations,  the 
lists of development projects  and development awareness raising campaigns have not been 
attached to the report. These are obtainable from the Directorate-General  for  Development 
(DGVm/B/2). 

Section  11 of  the  report  "other  areas  of  Cooperation"  provides  information  on  the  other 
main sectors of EC development aid in which NGOs play an important role, financed by the 
EC budget and under Articles 254 and 255 of the Lomé Convention  IV. 

1 iMECU transferred from Budget line B7-6006 (assistance for NGOs working in Cuba) 

dL 

EUROPEAN  COMMUNITY  CO-OPERATION  WITH DEVELOPMENT NGOs TN 

The range of EC budget headings on which NGOs drew in 1996 reflects their role in almost 
all aspects of EC development co-operation programmes. 

The following table covers the main areas of co-operation with NGOs. 

1.  Cofinancing  of  development  projects  in 
developing countries 

MECU 
155 

. 

MECU 
139.9 

1 

1996 

H 

1995 

2.  Cofinancing  of  awareness  raising  of 
development  issues in Europe 

3.  Cofinancing  of  Liaison  Committee  of 
European NGDOs and evaluations, etc. 

4.  Food aid 

5.  Humanitarian aid (ECHO) 

18.3 

1.7 

111.2 

30~H 

16.0. 

1.4 

214.0 

' 

328 

_ _ — . _—_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — — _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ > — — — — — ——_.  ————————^^————— -_-—-——-————————______-_—— 
6. Rehabilitation  programmes  in  developing 
countries 

44.0 

42.8 

7.  Rehabilitation  programmes  in  Southern 
Africa 

8.  Assistance  for  refugees  and  displaced 

persons 

9. Special programme for South Africa 

10.  Other  budget  lines  accessible  to  NGOs 
(Vietnam,  Cambodia,  Health,  environment, 
etc)2 

14.6 

25.4 

13.6 

203 

13.9 

15.7 

48.6 

n/a 

The  Community  contribution  from  the  EC  budget  to  NGO  projects  in  1996  amounts  to 
approximately 703,6 MECU. 

1  Approximate figure. Humanitarian assistance channelled through NGOs represented 46% of the total 

Budget in 1996. 

2  Exclusive of NGO projects funded under the  EDF,  ALA, MEDA funds. 

3  Approximate figures. 

-2-

I.  EC  COFINANCING  OF  PROJECTS  IN  DEVELOPING  COUNTRIES  AND 
DEVELOPMENT  AWARENESS  RAISING  CAMPAIGNS 
IN  EUROPE 
CARRIED OUT BY EUROPEAN NON-GOVERNMENTAL  ORGANISATIONS 
(item B7-6000 of the Budget) 

1.1.  General Overview 

The main objectives of the programme in 1996 were: 

-  In  developing  countries  to  support  local  initiatives  developed  in  partnership  with 

European NGOs to fight poverty at the grassroots; 

-  Within  the  EU,  to  support  activities  to  increase  awareness  in  Europe  of  the  problems 
faced  by  developing  countries  and the interrelationship  of the North  and  South  and  to 
support the strengthening of co-operation between European NGOs themselves, between 
European NGOs and the Community institutions via the NGDO-EC Liaison Committee. 

As in previous years, the Commission channelled approximately 90% of the appropriations 
under item B7-6000 into the cofinancing  of operations conducted in developing countries, 
the balance going towards the cofinancing  of activities to heighten public awareness in the 
European Community and support for the NGDO-EC Liaison Committee. 

The commitment appropriations entered in the  1996 budget under item B7-6000 amounted 
to ECU 174 million (plus 1  MECU added from budget item B7-6006 for NGOs in Cuba). 

In 1996 this amount was fully committed and a total of 824 projects  cofinanced. 

The following  table gives an overview of the number of projects dealt with and  cofinanced 
by the Commission 's NGO cofinancing unit in 1996: 

No. of projects 
dealt with in 
1996 

No. of projects 
cofinanced in 
1996 

No. of projects 
rejected in 
1996 

No. of projects 
carried over to 
1997 

1,254 

645 

179 

430 

276 

179 

33 

64 

Projects in 
Developing 
countries 

Awareness raising 
projects on 
development 
issues in Europe 

Total 

1,530 

824 

212 

494 

The  Commission's  NGO  cofinancing  unit  handles  this  large  number  of  requests  in 
accordance  with  the  criteria  and  rules  laid  down  in  the  General  Conditions  for 
Cofinancing.1  In  examining  each  dossier,  particular  consideration  is  given  to  the 
professionalism  and  financial  soundness  of  the  NGO,  the  quality  of  the  project,  the 
Southern  partner's  operational  capacity  and  the  quality  of  the  ties  between  it  and  the 
European  NGDO,  the  expected  impact  of  the  project,  its  viability  and  the  potential 
multiplier effect  for the target groups concerned. 

12 

1996 EC Co-financing  programme  of projects  in  Developing  Countries  carried 
out by European Development NGOs. 

1.2.1  Main Features, of the  1996 Programme, 

In  1996,  645  projects  were  cofinanced  totalling  154.5  MECU  accounting  for  90%  of 
commitments under B7-6000, including  164 Block Grants. 

The Commission continued to prioritise NGO projects which showed a strong commitment 
to grass roots development  and to groups which do not have access to official  development 
co-operation.  Projects were supported in both rural and urban areas with a notable increase 
in urban projects.  The key  sectors  of intervention  were rural  development,  education  and 
training, health, economic activities including microcredit  support for small businesses and 
social support projects. 

Special encouragement continued to be given to NGO projects: 

-  In countries undergoing rehabilitation or transition to democracy. 

-  To strengthen the capacity of Southern partners of European NGOs. 

-  In  the  Mediterranean  and  Arab  world  as part  of  the  EU's  support  for  emerging  civil 

society. 

Considerable  importance  continues  to  be  attached  to  projects  involving  women  and  the 
Commission  has  cofinanced  a  number  of  projects  designed  to  enhance  their  access  to 
education and training and income-generating activities in both urban and rural areas. 

Street children  are another important  group of beneficiaries.  Increasing  awareness  of the 
scale  of  the  vulnerability  of  children  in poverty  to  the  sex  tourism  industry  has  given  an 
added  impetus  to  prioritising  this  vulnerable  group  and  several  innovative  projects  were 
approved  in  1996 which combine access to education  and income-generating  opportunities 
for the families involved. 

1  Commission of the European Communities, "General Conditions for the cofinancing  of projects undertaken in 
developing countries by Non-governmental Organizations (doc. VrH/764/87) and "General Conditions for the 
cofinancing  of projects  to raise public  awareness  of development  projects  carried  out by  Non-governmental 
Organizations (doc. VDI/271/87). 

- 4-

Institutional  support for Southern  partners:  European NGOs are working with  a wide 
variety of Southern partners, both  intermediary  support NGOs and grass roots  community 
organisations. In recent years there has been an increase in Southern NGOs own capacity to 
develop and implement projects and the role of the Northern NGO has tended to move from 
direct  implementation  itself to a more  supportive  and  advisory  role. The  Commission  has 
been  actively  encouraging  its  European  NGO  partners  to  take  their  Southern  partner's 
institutional and capacity building needs into account.  A special facility  for this has existed 
within Budget  line B-6000 since  1988. This has been under-utilised by European NGOs as 
shown in the 1994 evaluation carried out by the Commission. One of the main findings of a 
seminar  held  with  Northern  and  Southern  NGOs  on  this  issue  in  May  1996  was  that 
institutional  support  demands  long term  moral, political  and financial commitment  which 
requires both the NGOs and the Commission  itself to move from its present project  based 
approach to a longer term programme approach.  This is a rapidly developing area of NGO 
reflection  and  change  in  practise  which  the  Commission  is  actively  supporting  and  will 
accomodate on revising its General Conditions for  Cofinancing. 

A special Commission NGO seminar in late  1995 brought together several NGOs from the 
countries  of  the  Magreb  and  the  EC  to  launch  an  initiative  to  increase  their  links  and 
promote greater partnership. This is part of the wider EC programme to develop closer links 
within the Mediterranean world, and in the case of the NGOs to support the emerging civil 
society in these regions.  The initiative has been taken forward  in  1996 with the  launching 
of  a  training  programme  by  European  NGOs  on  rural  and  urban  development  issues  for 
Arab  NGOs  and  on  increasing  skills  and  information  on  accessing  donor  funds.  Many 
projects  continued  to  be  approved  for  NGO  activities  among  the  Palestinians  and  in  the 
Lebanon. 

Evaluations:  Following  the  evaluations  carried  out  by  the  Commission  in  1994,  in 
particular in the field of credit and capacity building, special actions have been taken by the 
Commission  to enable the lessons  learned to be applied  to new projects  and  for  increased 
policy dialogue. Seminars have been held to disseminate the results of the evaluations  and 
expert  consultancies  established  for  project  appraisal.  This  has  led  to  a  considerable 
improvement  in the quality of projects presented  in these two areas of NGO  specialisation 
and enabled the Commission to capitalise on project  experiences for policy exchanges with 
the NGOs and other donors. 

1.2.2.  Block grants 

Block grants are provided to a number of European NGOs with whom the Commission has 
had a  satisfactory  long term partnership The main aim of the block grant is to provide the 
NGOs  with  a  flexible  financing  tool  for  small  actions,  (e.g.  purchase  of  equipment, 
construction  of  small-scale  infrastructure,  training  assistance,  etc.)  Such  operations  often 
complement  larger  projects  and  many  also  serve  to  establish  the  initial  contacts  for  co 
operation with new partners in the South. 

In 1996 a total of 164 Block grants were allocated to NGOs for a total of 21.9 MECU. 

Between  1984 and  1996, the Commission has cofinanced  1,330  block  grants  for  à total of 
ECU  167.9 million. 

-  5 

YEAR 

AMOUNT OF 
BLOCK 
GRANT 

%  OF 
COMMITMENTS 
UNDER ARTICLE 

NO OF 
BLOCK 
GRANTS 

1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 
1995 
1996 

3.1 
3.7 
5.7 
6.8 
8.8 
9.9 
9.7 
13.1 
18.1 
21.9 
21.5 
23.7 
21.9 

9 
11 
13 
11 
11 
12.4 
10.8 
12.6 
16.5 
16.2 
14.8 
13.6 
12.5 

1.2.3.  Recipient countries 

39 
43 
50 
59 
79 
96 
97 
118 
140 
159 
134 
152 
164 

NO OF 
MTNI-
OPERATI 
ONS1 

383 
450 
671 
822 
961 
1082 
1099 
1447 
1935 
2 263 
2 239 
2 435 
N/A. 

AMOUNT GIVEN BY 
THE COMMUNITY 
PER 
MINI-OPERATION 
(ECU)1 
8 202 
8 146 
8 507 
8 272 
9 153 
9  105 
8 857 
9 061 
9 363 
9 666 
9 606 
9 726 
N/A. 

The 645 development projects cofinanced  in 1996 were carried out in 100 developing countries. 

The geographical breakdown2 of the Community's contributions was as follows: 

1996 

ECU  million 

45.9 
46.2 
24.7 
6.2 
7.9 
0.8 
0.9 

132.6 

% 

34.6 
34.8 
18.6 
4.7 
6.0 
0.6 
0.7 

100 

1995 

(%) 

32.4 
36.1 
17.5 
6.0 
8.0 
0.0 
0.0 

1994 

(%) 

i 

| 

33.9 
40.6 
16.0 
3.7 
5.3 
0.1 
0.4 

100.0 

100.0 

- Sub-Saharan  Africa 
- Latin  America 
-Asia 
-  Caribbean 
-  Mediterranean 
-  Pacific 
-Other3 

TOTAL 

This figure  will only be available in late  1997. 

Does not include geographical breakdown  of  1996 blockgrants which amount  to  21.9 MIO ECU. 
This will only be available  in late  1997 and does not substantially  affect  the overall picture of the 
allocations per recipient country. 

Projects  covering several countries. 

-6 

The breakdown between ACP and non-ACP countries was as follows: 

1996 

ECU million 

% 

- ACP countries 

- Non-ACP 

TOTAL 

53.37 

79.22 

132.6 

40.25 

59.75 

100.0 

1995 
(%) 

37.2 

62.8 

100.0 

1994 
(%) 

36.3 

63.7 

100.0 

i 
1 
i 
i 

j 

I 

| 

1.3  Co-financing  of  Information  Awareness  and  Raising  Campaigns  on 

Development Issues in the EC. 

1.3.1  Main Features of  1996 Programme 

In  1996,  179 projects  totalling  ECU  18.3 million  were  cofinanced  accounting  for  10% of 
the  commitments  under  item  B7-6000.  This  included  42  multi-project  programmes 
concerning 289 mini-projects  amounting to 1.63 MECU. 

Generally  speaking,  the  aim  of  these  projects  is  information,  awareness-raising  and 
mobilization  of  the  European  public  with  regard  to  development  issues  in  order  to 
increase  support  for  policies  and  schemes  which  would  have  a  positive  impact  on  the 
people of the developing countries. 

The formal  education sector is once again an important  area of NGOs'  work  (34  projects 
cofinanced  in  1996, with many  others including  schools  amongst  their  target  groups). A 
major  evaluation  is  underway,  examining  in  particular  NGOs'  strategies  to  give 
development  education  a more lasting place in the schools'  system  (results  available  late 
1997). In the projects  cofinanced  in  1996, increasing  attention  to  teacher  training  and  a 
more  systematic  approach  to  curriculum  needs  has  been  encouraged,  as  has  work  with 
educational authorities at appropriate levels. 

Consumers  form  a second important target group. The number of projects  addressing  fair 
trade  issues  is  increasing  (10  in  1995,  14 in  1996)  and  some  NGOs  are  also  targeting 
them  on  other  aspects  of  trade  (protection  of  tropical  forests,  biodiversity,  workers' 
rights, child  labour). This  appears to be  a growing  area of NGO  activity,  and  one  where 
collaboration  between  NGOs  from  different  Member  States  is  strong,  and  which  shows 
considerable  potential  for  alliances  with  other  social  movements  (environmental 
children's rights, etc.). 

Another  area of increasing  activity  is that of the impact  of globalization. NGOs  working 
in the field of trade union education have been dealing with this for some time. However, 
the  theme  is • beginning  to  appear  increasingly  in  work  in  the  youth  sector,  local 
community  work  and  in  projects  linking  similar  organizations  in  Europe  and  the 

developing  countries  (women's  organisations,  popular  education  movements,  church-
based groups). 

Finally,  the  issues  of  democracy  and  human  rights,  together  with  the  relation  between 
development  prospects  and  situations  of  conflict,  have  received  steady  attention  from 
NGOs  (7  projects  specifically  addressing  the  issues,  others  including  them  in  broader 
campaigns). 

The  second  Development  Education  Forum,  held  in  Lisbon  in  November  1996,  began 
work  on  identifying  possibilities  for  increased  strategic  planning  in  the  field  of 
awareness-raising  and  development  education.  One  of  the  Forum's  principal  proposals 
was  to  organise  a  Summer  School,  to  enable  NGOs  from  all  Member  States  to  share 
experiences  and  practice  in  key  fields.  The  School  will be held  in the  UK  in  1997, and 
deal  with  links  between  development  education  and  anti-racism,  and  the  North-South 
connections  in  fields  such  as  the  fight  against  poverty,  the  drugs  issue,  and  conflict 
prevention. 

1.4  Cofinancing programme from  1976 to 1996 

The cofinancing  programme under item B7-6000 was launched in  1976 on a trial basis with a 
small  amount  of  commitment  appropriations  (ECU  2.5  million).  In  following  years  the 
appropriations  were  gradually  increased,  partly  as  a  result  of  active  support  from  the 
European Parliament, and in 1996 they climbed to ECU  174 million. 

The  following  table  gives  an  overview  of  the  evolution  of  appropriations  available  and 
commitments made under Budset Line B7-6000. 

YEAR 

.APPROPRIATION 
AVAILABLE 
(ECU million) 

COMMITMENTS 
(ECU million) 

COMMITMENT 
RATE  (%) 

1976 

1986 

1990 

991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

2.5 

46.0 

90.2 

104.6 

110.0 

145.0 

135.0 

[174.0] 157.51 
[174+1] 175.02 

2.5 

45.0 

90.2 

104.1 

109.9 

135.0 

145.0 

157.3 
175.02 

100 

98 

100 

99.5 

100 

100 

100 

99.9 

100 

1 

16.5 MECU was transferee to the budget lines for rehabilitation, AIDS, training and awareness raising 
for development to finance urgent projects carried out by NGOs. 

2  Addition of 1  MECU transferred from Budget line B7-6006 (Assistance to NGOs working in Cuba). 

Over  this  period,  9,119  NGO  projects  were  cofinanced;  the  EC  contribution  to  these  was 
ECU 1,361 MECU. 

The  breakdown  of  operations  in  developing  countries  and  development  awareness  raising 
campaigns was as follows: 

1976-1996 

Number of projects 

EC contribution 
(ECU million) 

% 

Projects in developing 
countries 

Development Awareness 
raising campaigns 

TOTAL 

7,420 

1,230 

90.4 

1,699 

9,119 

131 

1,361 

9.6 

100 

7,420  development  projects  have  been  carried  out  by  aproximately  650  NGDOs  in  133 
developing countries. 

The geographical spread of Community contributions to these operations is as follows: 

1976-1996 

ECU million 

Sub-Saharan Africa 

Latin America 

Caribbean 

Asia 

Mediterranean 

Pacific 

Other1 

TOTAL 

465.3 

403.8 

46.7 

214.9  • 

68.5 

5.8 

3.8 

1.208.82 

% 

38.5 

33.4 

3.8 

17.8 

5.7 

0.5 

0.3 

100 

ACP  countries  have  received  approximately  42,9%  and  non-ACP  countries  57.1  %  of  the 
total EC contribution. 

1 

Projects  covering several countries. 

2  Does not include  1996 geographic breakdown of Block grants of 21.9 MECU. 

Tables  I  and  II  in  the  Annex  give  a  breakdown  by  recipient  developing  country  and  by 
allocations made to NGOs in each EC Member State. 

Roughly  half  of  all  operations  cofinanced  and  over  50  %  of  all  the  funds  committed  took 
place during the last five financial years, i.e. from 1991 to 1996. 

The  average  Community  contribution  to  projects  in  developing  countries  grew  from  ECU 
123,000 in 1985 to ECU 275,000 in 1996. 

1.5  Relations with the Liaison Committee of Development NGOs to the EU. 

Over the  last 22 years the Commission  has built  up close relations with the NGDO  Liaison 
Committee,  which  is  a  democratic  umbrella  group  representing  more  than  800  European 
NGDOs  via  elected  national  platforms.  The  1996  NGO  thematic  conference  was  on  'A 
Europe  open  to  the  World;  Civil  Society,  the  IGC;  the  Union  and  the  Developing  World' 
which focused  in particular on the problem of coherence between the EU's policies, notably 
the  development  co-operation,  agriculture  and  trade  policies  and  the  principles  that  should 
underlie Europe's foreign policy. The Annual General Assembly was the occasion for debates 
on the themes "Beyond Lome IV", "Poverty in the North and South" and the "Evaluation  of 
the Liaison Committee". 

The main conclusions of the '95/'96 evaluation of the Liaison Committee focused on the need 
to  revitalise  and  reinforce  the  national  platforms,  clarify  their  role  and  responsibilities,  in 
order to ensure greater engagement  of member NGOs  and  division  of  tasks with  the central 
secretariat.  A  strategic  plan  for  the  Liaison  committee  for  the  period  1997-2000  is  being 
drawn up in collaboration with the 15 national platforms. 

Throughout  1996 discussions continued between the Commission and the Liaison Committee 
on various aspects of the General Conditions for the Cofinancing  of NGOs in preparation  for 
their  revision.  Regular  discussions  were  also  held  on  other  EC  budget  lines  accessible  to 
NGOs. 

In 1995, the NGOs and the Commission embarked on an overall review of EU-NGO relations 
known  as the  'Elewijt'  dialogue. (After  the small Belgian town where the first meeting  was 
held).  The aim of this dialogue is threefold: to arrive at a better understanding of the identity 
of the European Development NGO, the harmonisation  of conditions  of  access  of NGOs  to 
the  different  EC  Budget  lines  and  the  identification  of  basic  principles  and  guidelines  for 
Commission-NGO  co-operation.  In  1996  a  NGDO  Charter  of  Basic  Principles  of 
Development  and Humanitarian  Aid was  developed  laying  out  the  main  characteristics  and 
values  defining  the NGOs  work.  The  Charter  is  also  intended  to  assist  the  Commission  in 
better  understanding  the  specific  nature  of  NGOs  and  their  contribution  to  development. 
Progress  was  also  made  in  identifying  principles  of  Commission-NGO  co-operation  and 
areas  for  harmonisation  of  conditions  for  NGO  access  to  EC  financing,  in  particular  as 
regards contracts. This work has continued into 1997. 

Following  successful  Commission-NGO  consultations  on  the  Relief,  rehabilitation  and 
development continuum in 1996, the Commission expressed its willingness to increase policy 
dialogue with the NGOs on sectoral and geographically focused  issues, i.e. at the 'meso'  level 
to  distinguish  it  from  the  'macro'  level.  Discussions  started  in  late  1996  to  define  the 
objectives of such a dialogue and to define suitable sectoral issues and geographic regions. 

- 1 0-

1.6  Council Regulation on Co-financing  operations with European NGOs 

The  Commission  presented  its draft  proposal  for  a Regulation  to the  Council  in  July  1995. 
However, throughout  1995 and  1996 negotiations within the Council remained  stalled due to 
differences  between the member States and between the Member States and the Commission 
on the 'Comitology'  issue. (This concerns the powers of the Committee to be set up to advise 
the  Commission).  A first  reading  of the  draft  Regulation  in the European  Parliament  took 
place  in  December  1995  which  gave  an  opinion  in  support  of  the  Commission's  draft 
proposal.  Finally  in  July  1997  the  Council  was  able  to  reach  a  common  position  which  is 
being transmitted to the Parliament on second reading. 

1.7  Outlook 

In  1996,  the  effects  of  the  globalization  of  the  world  economy  have  affected  many  of  the 
poorest  populations  in  the  developing  countries  and  have  led  to  a  deepening  of  the  gap 
between the rich and the poor.  In addition there has been a progressive  withdrawal  of  State 
services in particular from, the key sectors of health and education which has led to the NGO 
sector  being  asked  to  fill  the  gap  in  many  countries.  In  this  period  of  rapid  global  change 
therefore the NGOs are facing many difficult  challenges, leading to changes both in the nature 
of NGOs themselves and forms of collaboration  between NGOs and donors. 

The Commission is aware of these challenges and of the need to increase policy dialogue with 
the NGO  community  on how they are to be met. In addition, there is also clearly a need  for 
increased dialogue to ensure  greater coherence and complementarity between official  EC aid 
programmes and activities financed  by the EC through NGOs. 

In  1997 the Commission will therefore  continue and widen its policy dialogue with the NGO 
community to include *meso' level (i.e. sectoral and geographically based issues), in addition 
to macro-level issues. 

Revision  of  the  General  Conditions  for  Co-financing  will  continue  to  be  a priority  in  1997 
building on preparatory work that has been carried out in 1996. 

Consultation,  both  internally  in  the  Commission  and  the  European  NGO  community,  will 
continue  on  the  harmonisation  of the  conditions  of NGO  access to the  different  EC  budget 
lines under which they can obtain financing. 

The  Commission  will  increase  its  contacts  with  its  co-financing  counterparts  in  Member 
States to explore issues of common concern and to exchange experiences. 

The  Commission  will  continue  its  active  support  for  the  forging  of  genuine  partnerships 
between  European  NGOs  and  their  Southern  partners,  in  particular  through  support  for 
capacity  building  measures  for  Southern  NGOs  to  enable  them  to  participate  in  the 
construction of a strong civil society and ensure the sustainability of activities. 

11 

n. 

OTHER AREAS OF CO-OPERATION 

21 

Food aid delivered by development NGOs (Title B7-2 of the Budget): 

Overall food  allocation decisions concerning NGOs taken in 1996: 

In  1996,  the  total  value  of  food  aid  allocation  decisions  taken  in  favour  of  NGOs 
amounted to ECU  106.54 million. 

This  corresponds  to  21.1% of  the  overall  amount  of  food  aid  financed  by  the  EC  and 
represents  45% of indirect  food  aid  (aid for  international  organizations  - WFP,  UNHCR, 
UNRWA, ICRC - and for NGOs) fori 996. 

The allocation of this aid is as follows: 

Product 

Cereals 

Milk powder 

Sugar 

Vegetable oil 

Beans 

Quantity 

165,000 Tons 

3,300 Tons 

2,300 Tons 

7,500 Tons 

13,000 Tons 

Other products 

ECU  16.5 million 

Storage,  Early warning systems 

ECU 6.36 million 

Tools 

ECU 6.5 million 

In  1996, the EC offered  NGOs two possibilities  for  the implementation  of their  food  aid 
operations,  either  via  the  utilization  of  EURONAID  services,  a  service  organization 
created  and managed by 24 European  international NGOs  including the major  requesters 
of food aid, or via a direct contract between the NGO and the Commission. 

However,  in  1996  implementation  of  the  majority  of  this  aid  was  undertaken  by 
EURONAID. 

Process of allocation to specific  projects: 

Following  the overall decision  in favour  of NGOs, the next  stage involves  the  allocation 
to  specific  NGO  projects.  The  allocation  or  reasoned  refusal  decision  by  the  Food 
Security  and  Food  Aid  unit  follows  a  process  which  comprises:  examination  of  the 
request  (compatibility  of  expenditure  with  our  priorities,  impact  of  the  proposed 
operation)  by  Headquarters  staff  and  by  the  Delegation  concerned  (in  collaboration, 
where appropriate, with the technical assistance staff present in the country). 

12 

The  role of technical  assistance  is very important  in so  far  as it permits  a close  dialogue 
with NGOs, allowing discussion of their projects/ideas  concerning food  security and  food 
aid.  Technical  assistants  are  now  in  place  in  most  of  the  countries  to  which  the  EC 
accords priority. 

In  1996,  the  total  amount  of  allocations  approved  for  specific  projects  amounted  to 
ECU 97.1 million. 

1996 - a vear of major redirection of EC policy on food  aid and food  security. 

The  year  1996  confirmed  the  regearing  of  EC  food  aid  policy  towards  food  security. 
This new approach was confirmed  by the Council of Ministers' approval on 27 June  1996 
of  a  new  Regulation  on  food  aid  policy  and  management  and  specific  measures  to 
promote food  security.  The objectives  of these measures are set out in Article  1(3) of the 
new Regulation. 

Besides the  major  switch towards  integrating  food  aid measures  within  the  development 
and food  security policies, the principal new feature  of this approach was in the scope  for 
providing  recipient  countries,  directly  or  via  our  partners,  with  financial  resources  for 
food  security  support  measures  aimed  at  improving  food  security  on  a  sustainable  and 
long-term  basis.  The measures  envisaged  for  this type  of funding  are  listed  in  Article 5 
of the new Regulation. 

NGO  input to this process was ensured  for  the whole  of its duration  by a working  group 
of the Liaison Committee which played an active part in discussions. 

New General Conditions for  Cooperation: 

On the basis of this new policy framework  for food  aid and food  security operations, new 
General  Conditions  on Cooperation  between NGOs and the EC have been  drawn up  and 
should be available  for the NGOs concerned during the second half of  1997.  These  new 
General  Conditions  aim  to  bridge  the  Conditions  and  Contracts  covering  Cooperation 
with  NGOs  in  all  spheres. 
In  particular  they  will  lay  down  cooperation  rules  and 
procedures on financial  and technical assistance for food  security support measures. 

2.2. 

Storage and Early Warning Systems 

In  view  of  the  importance-  of  these  measures  for  improving  food  security  for  the 
population  groups  concerned,  a large number  of  such  operations  have  been  financed  by 
the  EC  and  implemented  by  NGOs.  In  1996,  measures  of  this  type  were  financed  by 
NGOs  in the  following  countries:  Mozambique,  Somalia,  Chad,  Ethiopia,  Peru,  Sudan, 
Zaire,  Angola,  Zimbabwe,  El  Salvador  and  Mali.  The  total  sum  in  question  was 
ECU 4 714 000. 

13-

2.3 

European Community Humanitarian Office ŒCHO) 
(Chapter B7-21 of the budget, Lomé Convention) 

2.3.1  General overview of humanitarian aid in 1996 

In  1996 the humanitarian  assistance provided by the Commission  amounted to ECU  656 
million,  which  represented  a  slight  decrease  as  compared  to  ECU  692  million  in  the 
previous  year,  and  brought  the  grand  total  of  Commission  humanitarian  aid  in  the  last 
five years to ECU 3084 miHion. The main humanitarian theatres in  1996 continued to be 
former  Yugoslavia  and  the  Great  Lakes region.  Overall, humanitarian  aid was  provided 
in  some  60  countries,  notably  in  Afghanistan,  Angola,  Sudan,  Somalia,  Sierra  Leone, 
Liberia, the  Russian  federation  (Chechnya), Georgia, Armenia, Azerbadjan,  Tadjikistan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Iraq and Haiti. 

In  1996,  the  fourth  year  of  ECHO'S  activities,  a-Council  regulation  governing 
humanitarian  aid entered  into force  and a management  committee of Member  States was 
set up. The  activity  of the  committee was  intense  and by the end  of the year  it  had  met 
five  times,  giving  favourable  opinions  on  draft  proposals  for  humanitarian  aid  and 
discussing various policy issues. 

Violent  conflicts  and  their  consequences  continued  to  be  the  main  cause  of  most 
humanitarian  crises  during  1996. As a result of these crises, there was an  unprecedented 
number  of  refugees  and  internally  displaced  persons  worldwide.  They  often  became 
entirely  dependent  on  outside  help  for  their  survival.  While  attending  to  the  immediate 
life-saving  needs  of the  victims  of  such  crises, the  humanitarian  community  as  a whole 
saw clearly that political solutions to the underlying problems were urgently needed. The 
Commission  continued  to  attach  great  importance  to  coordinating  its  humanitarian 
activities  with  the  longer  term  work  undertaken  in  rehabilitation  and  development.  In 
terms  of  strengthening  these  linkages  between  short  and  long  term  efforts, 
the 
Commission  in  1996  initiated  the  process  of  setting  up  a  number  of  interservice  task 
forces  for  countries  and  regions  moving  out  of  emergency  conditions  into  a  situation 
characterized by rehabilitation and longer term development. 

Information  activities  and  transparency  continued  to  be  high  priority  in  1996,  with 
publications,  information  and facilities  for press  and broadcasting  media as well  as joint 
activitieswith Member States, NGOs and international organisations. 

2.3.2  Humanitarian  operations 

Operations  in  1996  were on a comparable scale to those in  1995, the decisions  adopted 
reached  a  total  of  ECU  656  million.  In  1996,  ECHO  funds  came  mainly  from  the 
Community  budget  (  ECU  652.6  million)  and  only  ECU  3.4. million  from  the  Lomé 
Convention. 

On the  regional  distribution  of  assistance,  ECHO'S  operations  in  1996  have  followed  a 
similar  pattern  as  in  1995. In  1996,  the  main  beneficiary  region  is  the  ACP  countries 
accounting  for 42% of ECHO  funds,  followed  by  former  Yugoslavia  (29%)  and the  CIS 
(8%)  both  representing  a  decrease  as  regards  1995,  especially  the  latter  region.  Other 
main  regions  where  ECHO  has  been  present  are  Asia  (8%), Iraq  (5%), Latin  America 
(3%), North Africa/Middle East (3%) and 2% corresponding to global decisions. 

- 1 4-

Z.J.J  NGO cooperation 

In  1996,  about  half  of  ECHO  funding  went  to  NGOs.  ECHO  continued  to  develop 
cooperation and contacts with NGOs, both directly in day-to-day  contacts  on  operational 
issues, as well  as through NGO networks and discussions  on various  policy  issues. Such 
policy  discussions were held on several  occasions, often jointly  organized  with the NGO 
community.  Activities  included  seminars  on  gender  and  emergencies.  In December  1996 
the first FORUM ECHO-NGOs was held in Dublin to discuss: "Ethics in Humanitarian  Aid". 
The  discussion  targeted  practical  examples  of  ethical  dilemmas  facing  humanitarian 
operators,  such  as  how  to  act  on  human  rights  abuses,  how  to  avoid  humanitarian  aid 
being  abused  in  a  war  economy  etc.  Commissioner  Mrs  Bonino  highlighted  the  basic 
humanitarian mission to save lives, urging at the same time the humanitarian  community 
to commit to "political  advocacy". 

2.4  Cooperation  with  NGOs  in  respect  of aid  for  refugees,  returnees  and  displaced 

persons 

2.4.1  Cooperation  with  NGOs  in  respect  of aid  to  promote  self-sufficiency  of  refugees, 

displaced persons and returnees in Asia and Latin America 

The  aim  of  this  budget  heading,  established  in  1984  on  the  initiative  of  the  European 
Parliament,  is  to  promote  greater  self-sufficiency  of  refugees,  displaced  persons  and 
returnees over an intermediate period following the initial emergency phase and prior to the 
longer-term development phase. 

The  appropriations  available  under  Article  B7-212  (ex  B7-302)  have  steadily  increased 
since its introduction in 1984.  Accordingly, between  1984 and 1995 over 350 projects were 
financed,  representing  a  total  of  ECU  378 424 000  implemented  by  a  large  number  of 
European  or  local  NGOs,  international  organizations  (primarily  the  UNHCR)  and 
governmental bodies. 

In  1996, under  Article  B7-212, 69 projects  were  committed  involving  a total  of  ECU 60 
million,  of  which  ECU  38 million  in Asia  (63%)  and  ECU  22  million  in  Latin  America 
(37%).  Of these  69 projects,  44 were financed with NGOs  (28 projects  in  Asia  and  17 in 
Latin America), involving respectively ECU  19 500 000 and ECU 5 930 000, i.e. a total of 
ECU 25 430 000 representing 42.3 8% of the total funding committed in 1996. 

The  programmes  implemented  in  1996  in  favour  of  refugees,  displaced  persons  and 
returnees reflect  a diverse sectoral and geographical spread.  They, continued to support the 
action  plans  adopted  at  the  International  Conference  on  Refugees  in  Central  America 
(CIREFCA,  Guatemala  1989)  and  the  International  Conference  on  Indochinese  Refugees 
(Geneva  1989). In addition, international institutional support was forthcoming  in respect of 

- 1 5-

"care  and  maintenance"  (UNHCR)1  ,  mine  clearance  (UNOCHA)2  and  repatriation  and 
resettlement (UNHCR)3. 

In Asia, operations  in  1996 were focused  on three principal regions:  Afghanistan/Pakistan 
in which the Commission  supported  integrated rural development  operations to  encourage 
the return of refugees  and Bangladesh in which the Rohingyas refugees  continued to make 
up large numbers.  To this must be added more specific operations such as that in Thailand 
involving assistance for the Karen refugees or in Laos involving Laotian returnees. 

In Central America, in view of the currently active regional peace process, EC aid in  1996 
focused  on reconstruction  and socio-economic resettlement  of returnees and displaced  and 
demobilized persons.  Central American projects cofinanced and implemented by European 
or  local  NGOs  in  1996  chiefly  involved  the  development  of  productive  activity  in 
agriculture  and  livestock  farming,  vocational  training,  development  of  essential  health 
services  and the training  of health personnel, the improvement  of basic  infrastructure  and 
environmental protection. 

Of  the  17 projects  carried  out  in  Latin  America,  four  involved  financial  assistance  for 
training  programmes, 
the 
development  of  productive  activities  and  three  concerned  the  resettlement  of  displaced 
persons and returnees and the reintegration into civil society of demobilized persons. 

two  concerned  health  programmes,  eight  concerned 

Of the 27 projects  carried  out  in Asia, nine concerned  the reintegration  and  resettlement 
of  refugees,  eleven  concerned  health  and  education,  two  vocational  training,  two  mine 
clearance, with one information  project. 

2.4.2  Aid for refugees,  returnees and displaced persons f Article 255 of Lomé Convention 

IV). 

During  the period in question, NGOs have continued,  as in previous years, to play  a vital 
operational partnership role in respect of aid for refugees,  returnees and displaced persons. 
Of the ECU 3 010 000 approved in 1996 as aid under Article 255 of Lomé Convention IV, 
ECU 2 750 000 (approx. 91 %) was earmarked for NGO use. 

A  programme  of  ECU  2  million  for  Zaire  to  help  resettle  displaced  persons  in  Kasai 
province through measures to boost production  and the sale of agricultural produce and to 
improve social services in the health and education spheres involved four  different  NGOs: 
GRET (F), OXFAM (UK), NUOVA  FRONTIERA  (I) and A. F. RAOUL  FOLLEREAU 
(F). 

Likewise, in Senegal, a project was set up, to be implemented by CARITAS-Senegal, with 
a  view  to  assisting  the  resettlement  of  persons  displaced  by  the  conflict  in  Casamance, 
involving the rebuilding and re-equipping of educational, health and agricultural production 
infrastructure. 

1  Cambodia, Bhutan, Hong Kong, India, Laos, Sri Lanka. 

2  Afghanistan. 

3  Cambodia. 

- 1 6-

2.5 

Rehabilitation  programmes in developing countries 

2.5.1.  Rehabilitation operations fBudget headings B7-3210 and B7-6410 - 1996 Budget 

Since  the  launch  of  the  Special  Initiative  for  Africa  in  1993,  NGOs  have  acquired  a 
conceptual role in respect of rehabilitation - hence the part played by their representatives in 
the preparation  of  discussion  papers  on  "The  links  between  emergency  aid,  rehabilitation 
and development"  - in addition to their role involving the proposal and  implementation  of 
projects and programmes in this sector. 

This  particular  contribution  in  respect  of  rehabilitation  was  specifically  envisaged  in 
Council  Regulation  (EC)  No  2258/96  of  22  November  1996  on  rehabilitation  and 
reconstruction  operations  in  developing  countries,  which  refers  to  NGOs  as  cooperation 
partners able to obtain financial support in this sphere from the general Community budget, 
whilst at the same time seeking  cofinancing. 

In  1996, a total of 52 NGOs from ten EC Member States and two ACP countries received 
financial  assistance  under the two  budget headings concerned  for  rehabilitation  operations 
in  11 eligible ACP  countries; these operations, sometimes carried out under conditions  of 
extreme difficulty,  absorbed a total of ECU 42.88 million (75% of the total amount covered 
by the financing decisions).  The sum total of NGO-financed  projects, the average duration 
of which was  18 months, averaged out at ECU 0.55 million, to which was generally  added 
funding,  of a variable amount, provided by the operational partner.  . • 

With  particular  regard  to  the  implementation  of  budget  heading  B7-3210  "Rehabilitation 
programmes  in  southern  Africa",  23  of  the  32  operations  approved  were  presented  by 
NGOs.  19 different  NGOs, belonging to eight EC Member  States and one ACP  country, 
received  a total  of  ECU  14.63  million, representing  72.6% of the total  sum  allocated  for 
operations  in  Angola,  Malawi,  Mozambique  and  Zimbabwe.  The  principal  sectors  of 
activity  were  rehabilitation  of  the  rural  sector  (production:  agriculture,  livestock  farming 
and  fisheries;  and  basic  infrastructure:  education,  health  and  water  supply),  as  well  as 
specific  operations,  in  particular  training  for  specific  groups:  street  children,  women, 
destitute  families  and  demobilized  persons.  Funding  was  also  approved  for  local 
associations and NGOs. 

With regard  to the DG Vm-administered part of budget heading  B7-6410  "Rehabilitation 
total  funding  of 
in  developing  countries",  which  represented 
and  reconstruction 
ECU 36.9 million, 55 operations proposed by 35 NGOs from eight EC Member  States and 
two ACP  countries were approved, corresponding to a total of ECU 28.35 million (76.6% 
of the total sum approved).  In the eight ACP countries in which the operations in question 
will be implemented by NGOs, the principal sectors of activity  are: rehabilitation  of basic 
infrastructure  for agricultural production, education (in particular primary education), health 
and  water  supply,  plus  social  rehabilitation  (training,  social  support  and  mini-credit)  for 
vulnerable groups or Community areas. 

Lastly,  the  partnership  role  of  NGOs  was  considered  in  the  context  of  the  progressive 
implementation,  in several  of the countries concerned,  of an overall  - and  sometimes  also 
sectoral  or  geographical  -  approach  vis-à-vis  rehabilitation  and  the  essential  link  with 
humanitarian aid, throughout which time numerous NGOs were involved in ways designed 

- 1 7-

to meet the needs of the population concerned under the best possible conditions and at the 
same time pave the way for a resumption of development operations. 

2.6 

European Programme for Reconstruction and Development in South Africa: 
Budget Line B7-3200 

2.6.1.  General Objectives of the EPRD 

The  Special Programme  on South Africa,  originally  proposed by the European  Parliament 
in 1985 and confirmed on several occasions by the European Council, was renamed in 1995 
European  Programme  for  Reconstruction  and Development  in  South Africa  to  signify  the 
EC support to the policy manifesto  of the Government of South Africa, the  Reconstruction 
and Development Programme (RDP). 

The overall objective of the Special Programme/EPRD has been to assist South Africa  in its 
peaceful  transition to a stable, democratic, non racial and prosperous society. From  1986 to 
1996, 777 projects have been funded  for  a total of 698 million ECU, with a budget of  129 
million ECU allocated in 1996 to  15 programmes 

The  "past"  saw  a  dual  approach  by  the  European  Community  towards  South  Africa: 
positive  measures,  as  the  Special  Programme  for  assisting  the  victims  of  apartheid  was 
called, and negative measures, in the form of economic sanctions imposed on the previous 
regime. 

At "present" the transition  is ongoing. The new Government  is defining  its policies and. in 
particular,  the  transition  in  development  cooperation  between  the  EC  and  South  Africa 
concerns the following aspects: 

18 

PAST 

PRESENT 

FUTURE 

NAME 

Special Programme  European Programme 
for Reconstruction and 
Development (EPRD) 

EPRD 

OBJECTIVE 

assistance to the 
victims of apartheid 

INTERLOCUTOR  NGOs 

IMPLEMENTING 
AGENTS 

NGOs 

to contribute to the 
reconstruction and 
development of the 
country 

To contribute to the 
national programme 
for Growth, 
Employment and 
Redistribution 
(GEAR) 

Government of South 
Africa 

National Authorising 
Officer  (NAO) 

Government of South 
Africa, NGOs and 
Private Sector 

Government of 
South Africa, NGOs 
and Private Sector 

A  limited  number  of 
coherent 
programmes  within 
focal areas 

Areas/sectors to be 
finalised  through a 
Multiannual 
Indicative 
Programme (MIP) 

PATTERN 

many projects 

a  limited  number  of 
coherent programmes 

AREAS/ 
SECTORS 

education, rural and 
community 
development, 
health, good 
governance and 
democratization and 
microenterprises 
development 

areas/sectors resulted 
from the discussions 
with government and 
spelled out in the 
Declaration of Intent: 
- Education and 
training; 
- Health; 
- Rural development; 
- Urban development; 
- Economic coop., 
trade and investment 
promotion, support for 
Small, Medium and 
Micro Enterprises; 
- Good governance and 
démocratisation 

1 9-

Development  co-operation  with  South  Africa  has  during  1996  moved  closer  to  the 
framework for  development  co-operation  used  for  ACP  countries.  In  November  1996  a 
Council Regulation was adapted and constitutes the Legal Base for  Budget Line B7-3200. 
A  Country  Strategy  Paper  for  South  Africa  for  the  1997-1999  has  been  drafted  by  the 
Commission  Services, following  the  same approach  as  in the ACP  countries.  This  Paper 
will  identify  the  constraints  to  development  and  propose  a  limited  number  of  sectors  of 
intervention for future development assistance financed under the EPRD. 

The  ongoing  negotiations  carried  out  by  the  Commission  for  establishing  a  long  term 
agreement between the EC and South Africa  as well as the evolving political  environment 
in the country have an impact on the way the EPRD is and eventually will be carried out. 

2.6.2  Specific  Objectives 

The Commission  has identified  with the South African  Government the  sectors where the 
resources  available  for  the  EPRD  (European  Programme  for  Reconstruction  and 
Development) under the  1996 Budget (129 MECU) should be allocated. In May  1995 Prof. 
Pinheiro and Minister Naidoo, Minister  in charge of the Reconstruction  and  Development 
Programme  (RDP)  signed  the  Declaration  of Intent  which  summarizes  the  main  areas  of 
support (see Table above). The 1996 EPRD has been designed in close cooperation with the 
national government. It focuses on a small number of programmes, compared to the Special 
Programme, in order to reach a coherent developmental overall programme. 

Up  to  the  1994  General  Elections,  the  Commission  had  operated  through  NGO,  in 
particular, the following  South African  "traditional" implementing partners: 

* 
* 
* 
* 

The South African  Council of Churches (SACC) 
The Southern Africa Catholic Bishop Conference  (SACBC) 
The Kagiso Trust 
The Trade Unions. 

From  then  onwards,  the  European  Commission  Delegation  in  South  Africa  has 
progressively  started  to  work  with the  new  Government, continuing  at  the  same  time  to 
channel part of the funding through NGOs. NGOs will continue to play an important role in 
implementing development co-operation projects within the EPRD. This can be done either 
with  direct  contractual  relations  between  NGOs  and  the  Commission  or  with  NGOs 
"subcontracted"  by  Government  for  implementing  components.  Financing  Agreements 
signed  by  the  Commission  and  the  South  African  Government  (Budget  Line  B7-3200 
EPRD) has committed  13,6 million ECU for NGO projects in 1996. 

In this  context, it  is important to  mention  the EPRD  5 million  ECU  support  to the NGO 
Rural  Water  Supply. It will  seek to improve the recognition  of the useful  role that NGOs 
and  independent  agencies  can  play  in  rural  development  and  provide  useful  lessons  and 
experiences from which larger initiatives  and programmes can be developed.  The  Support 
to  the  South  African  Trade  Union  Movement  programme  (4.3  million  ECU)  and  the 
Democracy  and Good Governance  at Local level programme  (1.9 million ECU) will  both 
try  to  strengthen  NGOs  and  local  authorities  to  establish  a  peaceful,  democratic  and 
prosperous South Africa through social and economic development. These projects together 

20-

with the Soul City  1996 programme  (2.35 million ECU), will be implemented  exclusively 
by NGOs. 

Moreover, even though the Financing Agreements for projects  like the Land Reform  Pilot 
Programme  (95/3), Water Development  Programme in the Eastern Cape (95/4) and  Small 
and  Micro-Enterprise  Development  Programme  (95/6)  are  with  the  Government  of  the 
Republic of South Africa, important components will be implemented by NGOs. 

SECTOR 

Number of projects 

MECU 

Education and Training 

Health 

Rural Development 

Urban Development 

Good Governance 

Private sector Development 

2 

2 

-  2 

1 

6 

1 

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ __ 

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ — _ _ _- 

Other 

TOTAL 

1 

15 

36.4 

3.1 

20.0 

24.5 

35.2 | 
j 
8.9  | 

i 

1.1 j 

129.2 j 

________________: a^=^a-! g l^=Be==a=SBacs==a=:=nt=aB^a^^Ls======^===^^=3B==x=B==^a^^=^atBB===BasBa=BB=BS===& 

2.6.3  Conclusions 

The  change  in  1995 from the  implementation  of  Budget  Line  B  7-3200  through  several 
NGO projects to the development policy dialogue between the Commission and the South 
African  Government  as  the  only  "interlocutor"  and  the  consequent  support  of  public 
policies by financing few programmes  coherent with the priorities  of the Government  has 
continued in  1996. These programmes are then implemented by the Government (at central, 
provincial and local level), by the NGOs and by the private sector. 

This approach is likely to remain the same in the next few years (1997-1999). 

The ongoing Negotiations between the EC and South Africa,  as well as the adoption of the 
Legal Base, will make the implementing procedures of B 7-3200 closer to those adopted in 
other developing countries, looking with special attention  those used in the ACP states. 

2.7. 

EC health  measures, particularly  in respect of aids, in developing  countries: 
Role of NGOs (ACP  countries) 

EC financial  support for the health sector in the developing  countries has  grown  steadily 
over the last six years. 

In  the  ACP  countries,  under  the  7th  EDF,  the  sum  total  of  approved  project  funding 
amounted  at  the  end  of  1996  to  ECU  406  million,  more  than  double  the  funding 
committed from the 6th EDF. 

21 

Improved  basic health care for the maximum numbers was one of the prime objectives  of 
Community  cooperation  in  the  health  sector  and,  in  this  context,  NGOs  have  been  key 
partners.  Their  role,  of  both  European  and  local  NGOs  (mainly  they  work  in  a 
partnership  capacity)  in  the  health  sector  relies  upon  close  cooperation  and  continuous 
dialogue  with  the  authorities  of  the  recipient  countries  which  have  responsibility  for 
defining  health policy and priority strategies. 

The  EC  encourages  this  dialogue  and  in  its  health  projects  seeks  to  promote  a  genuine 
partnership  between  public  health  authorities  and  NGOs  and  other  bodies  involved  at 
grassroots level in improving the functioning  of the health systems concerned. 

NGOs have become firmly  involved in projects  financed  by the EC in a large number  of 
ACP countries such as Guinea, Chad and Uganda in which they have become partners  in 
the  implementation  of  district  health  policies.  NGOs  have  also  been  vital  partners  in 
countries recovering from crisis and have played a keen part in the rehabilitation  of their 
health systems.  The EC has supported  such NGO  involvement  in a number  of  countries 
including  Somalia and Angola. 

Special  mention  should  be  made  of  Zaire  for  which  an  ECU  45  million  project  was 
approved  in  December  1996  allowing  the  furtherance  of  an  aid  programme  for  civil 
society  in Zaire  (churches,  local  associations  and NGOs)  aimed  at restoring  a  minimum 
level  of  health  service  to  certain  target  regions  to  make  up  for  the  inadequacy  of  the 
public service. 

For its specific  strategy  on HIV/AIDS, the EC can call upon  a special budget heading  in 
addition  to  general  resources  for  financial  and technical  cooperation;  such  resources  are 
implemented  in pursuit of the following priority  objectives: 

-  prevention  of  transmission  and  promotion  of  non-discrimination  vis-à-vis  infected 

persons; 

- 

reinforcement  of  the  health  system  in  order  to  render  it  better  able  to  handle  the 
epidemic; 

-  consideration  of  the  socio-economic  impact  of  the  AIDS  epidemic  and  measures  to 

promote scientific  training. 

To  achieve  these  objectives,  particularly  in  the  sphere  of  prevention  and  support  for 
communities  affected  by the AIDS epidemic the  Commission relies upon  its  partnership 
with NGOs in seeking  specifically  to develop the capacity  of local NGOs.  For example, 
in  1996,  out  of  a  total  of  ECU  15  million  committed  under  the  budget  heading  in 
question,  nearly  20% of  appropriations  were accounted  for  in partnership  contracts  with 
European or  local NGOs, mainly  concerning  information,  education  and  communication 
operations  with  target  groups  such  as  socially  disadvantaged  young  persons  or  other 
population groups placed in a high-risk  environment. 

- 2 2-

2.8 

Environment  and forest sectors (Budget lines B7-6200 Environment and B7-
<?2Q1  Forest) (ACP countries) 

2.8.1  Environment Budget Line B7-6200 

The  European  Parliament  created  the  Environment  budget  line  in  1982  to  promote 
sustainable  development  and  the  integration  of  the  environmental  dimension  into  the 
development  process.  The  Commission  proposed  to  the  Council  in  1995  a  draft 
Regulation  on  environmental  measures  in  the  developing  countries  in  the  context  of 
sustainable  development.  This  draft  regulation  specifies  priority  sectors,  types  of 
activities  and  cooperation  partners  eligible  for  financial  assistance  and  technical 
expertise. It foresees  an annual allocation of  15 MECU for all developing countries up to 
the year  1999 (ACP, ALA/MED). 

ACP countries'  allocation  in  1996 was  7.5 MECU. NGOs which  availed  of  Community 
financial  assistance  in  ACP  countries  received  about  50%  of  these  funds,  roughly  3.5 
MECU. Their activities focused  largely on biodiversity and land use/soil  conservation: 

•  field  projects  building  on  local  initiatives  on preliminary  assessments  of  biodiversity 
resources  as a means for maintaining  species diversity  and promoting  sustainable  and 
equitable  use  of  these  resources  (Senegal,  Tanzania,  East/South  Africa);  and  field 
experimentation  on appropriate methods for the rehabilitation of overdrained  wetlands 
and their sustainable use (Ethiopia); four projects with total of "about 1.5  MECU; 

• 

• 

information  exchange  and  training  schemes  with  local people  to promote  sustainable 
agriculture  methods,  agroforestry  techniques  (Dominican  Republic  and  West  African 
countries);  local  initiatives  aimed  at  promoting  public  health  within  the  wider 
framework  of  consumers'  protection  and  the  use  of  hazardous  chemical  products 
(Senegal, African  countries); four projects with total of about  1 MECU; 

improving  policies  in  the  areas  of  fight  against  desertification  (within  the  wider 
framework  of  the  implementation  of  the  convention  on  desertification),  defining 
strategies  for  poverty  alleviation  and  sustainable  resource  management,  exchange  of 
knowledge  and  research  methodologies 
for  alternative  paths  for  sustainable 
development  (Sub-saharan  Africa,  Botswana,  Mozambique  and  Namibia),  three 
projects with total of about  1  MECU. 

2.8.2  Tropical Forest Budget Line B7-6201 

The  European  Parliament  created  the  Tropical  Forestry  budget  line  in  1992  and  the 
Council adopted the Tropical Forest Regulation  in  1995 to promote the conservation  and 
sustainable management  of tropical  forests. This Regulation  defines  the priority  areas  for 
intervention  and  cooperation  partners  and  recipients  of  financial  support  or  technical 
expertise. Annual  appropriations  are fixed at 50 MECU  for  a period of four  years  (1996-
1999) for all developing countries (ACP, ALA/MED). 

23-

ACP  countries'  allocation  in  1996 was  15 MECU.  NGOs  which  availed  of  Community 
financial assistance  in ACP  countries received  about  63% of these  funds,  roughly  about 
9.4  MECU.  Their  activities  focused  largely  on  the  creation  of  forest  resources  and  the 
sustainable management  of forest  resources. The creation of new  forest  resources  should 
help in the reduction  of pressure on remaining natural  forest  resources  and in halting, or 
preferably  reversing  the  negative  impacts  of  deforestation  while  satisfying  increasing 
demands. The sustainable  forest  management  should  ensure that  it benefits  a wide range 
of stakeholders. 

•  Six field operations for the creation of forest resources and the regeneration of tropical 
forests through land use plans were carried out by NGOs in Mali, Nigeria, Cameroon, 
Gabon,  Haiti  and Belize,  activities  include  improvement  of  farming  systems  through 
trees  in  support  of  agriculture  (agroforestry);  halting  and  reversing  of  land  and 
ecosystem degradation; (4.7 MECU or 31% of ACP forest budget); 

•  five  field  operations  for  the  sustainable  management  of  forest  resources  were  carried 
out  in  Cameroon,  Mozambique,  the  Pacific  Islands,  and  the  African  continent; 
activities include the preparation of management plan that incorporate local needs into 
forest  management  through  partnerships  and joint  mangement  arrangements;  ensure 
that  the  rights  and  the  needs  of  local  people  to  use  forest  resources  are  respected; 
improve  forest  management  techniques  and  methodology;  increase  employment 
opportunities  both  directly  in  the  forest  and  in  the  processing  industries;  ensure  that 
exploited  forests  are regenerated  and sustainably managed through the introduction  of 
appropriate forest management practices (3.8 MECU or 26% of ACP forest budget); 

•  one field operation  for  the conservation  of ecosystems  and  of biodiversity  of  tropical 
forests was carried out in Madagascar (0.4 MECU or 2.7% of ACP forest budget); 

•  one operation  for  all ACP  countries  on certification  of  forest  management  and  forest 

products (0.3 MECU or 2.3% of ACP forest budget); 

•  one  operation  for  all  ACP  countries  on  forest-related  research  (0.2  MECU  or  1% of 

ACP forest budget). 

2.9 

B7-6004 

Created  in  1991,  heading  B7-6004  is  primarily  for  the  purpose  of  cofinancing 
development cooperation measures via NGOs active in Vietnam. 

The main objectives supported by the Commission through NGO projects  in Vietnam  are 
to  promote  poverty  alleviation  strategies  in  the  poorest  communities,  to  encourage  self 
sufficiency  and  self  determination  amongst  the  most  disadvantaged  and  vulnerable 
groups in society, to strengthen capacities in the social services sector.  Support  for NGO 
projects  is  focused  in  the  sectors  of  social  support  for  marginalized  groups,  human 
resource development, Health and rural development.. 

In  1996, this heading  was used for financing four NGO projects totalling ECU 2 million. 
The spheres in question involved medical  assistance,  family  planning, education  and  the 
safety of children at work plus rural development in one of the poorest areas of Vietnam. 

24-

2.10  B7-6005 

As with  Vietnam,  heading  B7-6005, with  its resource  allocation  of  ECU  1  million,  was 
used for cofinancing four NGO operations in Cambodia. 

In  1996,  the  principal  aims  of  the  selected  projects  were  vocational  training  and 
economic and social rehabilitation. 

2.11  Decentralized Cooperation (B7-643(n 

2.11.1  Aims 

Decentralized  cooperation  (DC)  has  become  a  full  integral  component  of  Community 
cooperation policy.  Its three major priorities for EC development aid are: 

- 

- 

- 

to ensure sustainable economic and social development,  requiring  active  participation 
by local players, and to develop as far as possible local resources and potential; 

to  combat  poverty,  requiring  a  more  attentive  response  to  the  basic  requirements  of 
local population groups; 

to  encourage  democratization  in  the  developing  countries  through  measures  to 
strengthen civil society. 

These  principles  were  reaffirmed  in  Lomé  Convention  IVa  (Article 251)  and  in  the 
ongoing  dialogues  between  DG IB  and  the  Mediterranean,  Latin  American  and  Asian 
countries. 

A  special  budget  heading  was  opened  in  1992  with  a  view  to  promoting  decentralized 
cooperation (DC) in all the developing countries and in the EC with a view to creating an 
environment 
in  which  civil  society  could  be  more  closely  involved  in  official 
programmes and to introducing new types of partnership between local grassroots bodies 
and State authorities. 

During  1996  the  DC  team  in  the  Commission  pursued  it  brief,  namely  to  spread 
information,  increase  public  awareness  and  mobilize  local  population  groups.  Its  work 
has principally involved the  following: 

-  Assistance  with  the  preparation  of  the  indicative  programmes  of  the  ACP  States  in 
which some thirty countries refer to the DC approach, even though realistically only a 
dozen or so genuine DC programmes are likely to be established under the 8th EDF; 

-  Assistance  to  a  number  of  ACP  States  during  the  preparation  of  a  DC  programme 
(notably  Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Haiti  and Burkina Faso) and monitoring,  in  liaison with 
desk  officers,  of  programmes  currently  in  receipt  of  7th  EDF  financing  (notably 
Madagascar and Cameroon); 

-  Organization  in  Brussels  of  a  meeting  with  Member  State  counterparts  in  order  to 
explain  the  Commission's  ideas and examine the scope for  agreement.  At the  request 
of the Member States, this initiative should be renewed in 1997; 

-25 

-  Participation in: 

•  various  meetings  in the  Member  States  (France: Ministry  of  Cooperation  and  Senate 
on involvement of French local authorities - Sweden: meeting of Swedish, Finnish and 
Danish NGOs - SIDA and FINNIDA; 

•  seminars  organized  by  NGOs  on  the  subject  of  DC  in  France,  the  Netherlands, 

Barcelona and Brussels; or by the Liaison Committee of NGOs in Brussels; 

•  Habitat  II,  the  urban  sector  being  a  particularly  important  sphere  in  respect  of 

decentralized local participation; 

• 

the Joint Commission in Namibia and meetings in South Africa; 

•  ongoing  preparation  of  a  teaching  manual  on  DC  methodology;  the  final  document 
became available in December  1996 and is being distributed to the Delegations and to 
desk officers  in DG IB and DG VIII. 

2.11.2  Budget heading B7-6430 

A sum of ECU  5 743 875 was committed from the ECU 6 million available for a total of 
22 operations. 

As  in  previous  years,  a  large  proportion  of  the  budget  ( 67  %)  was  allocated  to 
institutional support measures and the development of local DC capacity. 

Facts and  figures 

Overall results 

22 operations committed 
EC commitment: ECU 5 743 875 
Overall amount: ECU  11 659 424 
Cofinancing  rate: 49 % 

Breakdown by type of operation: 
Institutional support/development of local capacity  : 
- Pilot schemes: 
- Promotion: 
- Studies/evaluations/seminars: 

Breakdown by region: 
- ACP 
- Latin and Central America 
-Mediterranean 
- Asia 

67 % 
26 % 
5% 
2 % 

48 % 
33 % 
16% 
3 % 

26 

TABLE 1 

BREAKDOWN  BY RECIPIENT COUNTRY  OF 
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS COFINANCED  BY THE  EC 
FROM  1976 TO 1996 INCLUSIVE 

Projects 

EC contribution in ECU 

AFGHANISTAN 
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA 
ALGERIA 
ANGOLA 
ANTIGUA  AND BARBUDA 
NETHERLANDS  ANTILLES 
ARGENTINA 
BANGLADESH 
BARBADOS 
BELIZE" 
BENIN 
BHUTAN 
BOLIVIA 
BOTSWANA 
BRAZIL 
BURKINA  FASO 
BURUNDI 
CAMEROON 
CAPE  VERDE 
CARIBBEAN 
CENTRAL AFRICAN  REPUBLIC 
CHILE 
CHINA 
CYPRUS 
COLOMBIA 
COMOROS 
CONGO 
COSTA  RICA 
CÔTE D'IVOIRE 
CUBA 
DJIBOUTI 
DOMINICA 
EGYPT 
EL SALVADOR 
ECUADOR 
ERITREA 
ETHIOPIA 
FUI 
GABON 
GAMBIA 
GHANA 
GRENADA 
GUATEMALA 
GUINEA 
GUINEA  BISSAU 

27 

39 
29 
89 
115 
8 
2 
381 
348 
17 
50 
160 
16 
811 
40 
1628 
935 
83 
327 
120 
16 
126 
748 
65 
2 
346 
17 
•  50 
70 
118 
101 
10 
46 
89 
407 
449 
61 
512 
17 
11 
105 
187 
26 
331 
76 
154 

3,125,361 
2,869,639 
3,145,461 
3,774,147 
285,189 
202,926 
18,192,136 
21,889,898 
681,358 
1,524,100 
4,975,168 
291,890 
43,513,863 
3,835,739 
90,626,661 
31,240,719 
5,678,063 
13,196,863 
6,050,642 
1,141,578 
8,473,390 
35,479,923 
5,752,523 
57,584 
17,054,615 
747,430 
1,726,632 
3,120,452 
5,231,134 
7,200,647 
628,658 
1,156,022 
6,393,151 
16,646,070 
22,025,492 
4,969,594 
35,907,819 
1,367,024 
512,930 
2,507,857 
7,602,727 
932,371 
13,485,416 
6,479,414 
9,317,641 

EC contribution in ECU 

1,194,261 
1,074,189 
20,891,777 
4,866,188 
127,737 
8,124 
75,042,401 
6,512,625 
804,241 
1,913,815 
3,544,162 
3,248,711 
22,485,609 
30,146,370 
13,279 
5,454,895 
2,565,759 
19,048,265 
878,246 
13,991,815 
398,003 
7,948,122 
760,277 
21,619,134 
3,410,321 
1,066,121 
4,881,690 
13,526,658 
903,550 
21,438 
19,423,312 
279,749 
10,445,407 
4,700,695 
49,103,176 
5,909,131 
3,784,830 
21,978,500 
4,911,189 
1,352,969 
943,220 
5,608,005 
51,409,701 
32,205,070 
1,807,543 
4,000 

• 

EQUATORIAL GUINEA 
GUYANA 
HAITI 
HONDURAS 
HONG KONG 
COOK ISLANDS 
INDIA 
INDONESIA 
IRAQ 
ISRAEL 
JAMAICA 
JORDAN 
CAMBODIA 
KENYA 
KIRIBATI 
LAOS 
LESOTHO 
LEBANON 
LIBERIA 
MADAGASCAR 
MALAYSIA 
MALAWI 
MALDIVES 
MALI 
MOROCCO 
MAURITIUS 
MAURITANIA 
MEXICO 
MONGOLIA 
MONTSERRAT 
MOZAMBIQUE 
MYANMAR (BURMA) 
NAMIBIA 
NEPAL 
NICARAGUA 
NIGER 
NIGERIA 
UGANDA 
PAKISTAN 
PANAMA 
PAPUA NEW GUINEA 
PARAGUAY 
PERU 
PHILIPPINES 
SOUTHERN AFRICA  REGION 
CENTRAL AFRICA REGION 

28-

I 

EAST AFRICA  REGION 
WEST AFRICA  REGION 
SAHEL.  REGION 
CENTRAL AMERICA  REGION 
SOUTH AMERICA  REGION 
ASIA  REGION 
HORN OF AFRICA  REGION 
AFRICA  REGION 
MEDITERRANEAN  REGION 
PACIFIC  REGION 
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC 
RWANDA 
SAINT VINCENT & THE GRENADINES 
SAINT LUCIA 
SOLOMON ISLANDS 
WESTERN SAMOA 
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 
SENEGAL 
SEYCHELLES 
SIERRA LEONE 
SOMALIA 
SUDAN 
SOUTH KOREA 
SRI LANKA 
SURINAME 
SWAZILAND 
SYRIA 
TAJIKISTAN 
TANZANIA 
CHAD 
THAILAND 
TOGO 
TONGA 
ALL COUNTRIES 
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO 
TUNISIA 
TUVALU 
URUGUAY 
VANUATU 
VENEZUELA 
VIETNAM 
WEST BANK & GAZA 

I  YEMEN (NORTH AND SOUTH) 

ZAIRE 
ZAMBIA 
ZIMBABWE 

TOTAL 

Projects 

.

11 
EC contribution in ECU 

9- 
17 
17 
5 
11 
10 
1 
2 
1 
10 
188 
437 
6 
8 
21 
4 
12 
539 
5 
138 
74 
168 
20 
25.0 
10 
29 
9 
2 
600 
226 
181 
125 
4 
45 
15 
75 
1 
247 
8 
81 
249 
313 
39 
869 
171 
367 

935,176 I 
1,774,476  1 
1,893,160 
1,027,018 
1,852,479 
518,762 
15,000 
21,031 
396,284 
1,401,411 
10,259,222. 
16,397,583 
56,272 
287,716 
1,410,243 
285,290 
2,281,742 
21,074,467 
128,571 
4,205,439 
5,677,844 
10,715,304 
9 84  521 
8,435', 162 
18g  4 16 
2,28l',670 
809,422 

10  7 01 

26,486',494 
10,195,647 
11237 372 
5!490i065 
143 990 
3 342 331 
W l 95 
4,686*, 134 

6 J 27 

13,259,197 
4 1 6 | 6 28 
6  457  5 00 
ttW.SIS 
22 478 986 
3 [230,220 
33,112',338 
9,103,400 
18,895,909 

7717: 
2 4 8 54 

1230,589,430 

29-

BREAKDOWN BY MEMBER STATE OF COMMUNITY FUNDS ALLOCATED FOR COFINANCING FROM  1976 TO  1996 INCLUSIVE 

TABLE II 

NATIONALITY 
OF 
CONTRACTOR 

Austria 
Belgium 
Denmark 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
Sweden 
UK 
Consortium 

Development  projects  in  the 
developing  countries 

Awareness  raising  activities  in 
Europe 

TOTAL 

29 
1, 046 
112 
8 
1 , 192 
1,151 
30 
297 
1,031 
241 
445 
39 
313 
8 
1,355 
123 

5,940,408 
153,133,700 
17,145,698 
1,996,870 
178,023,495 
208,847,942 
4,942,799 
27,843,666 
183,559,557 
15,391,884 
67,783,398 
6,569,435 
68,482,381 
2,213,073 
208,624,836 
80,013,721 

-%-
0.5 
12.4 
1 .4 
0.2 
14 .5 
17.0 
0.4 
2.3 
15.0 
1.2 
5.5 
0.5 
5.5 
0.2 
17.0 
6.4 

9 
216 
54 
1 
242 
218 
18 
60 
221 
10 
190 
32 
100 
4 
304 
20 

902,655 
14,117,996 
4,587,588 
240,000 
14,678,064 
18,886,723 
1,935,642 
3,573,635 
17,417,087 
310,917 
14,634,694 
2,807,409 
6,924,795 
245,307 
23,470,487 
5,985,403 

-%-
0.6 
10.7 
3.5 
0.2 
11.3 
14 .5 
1.5 
2.8 
13.4 
0.2 
11.2 
2.1 
5.3 
0.2 
18.0 
4.5 

38 
1,262 
166 
9 
1,434 
1,369 
48 
357 
1,252 
251 
635 
71 
413 
12 
1,659 
143 

-  ECU  -
6,843,063 
167,251,696 
21,733,286 
2,236,870 
192,701,559 
227,734,665 
6,878,441 
31,417,301 
200,976,644 
15,702,801 
82,418,092 
9,376,844 
75,407,176 
2,458,380 
232,095,323 
85,999,124 

-%-
0.5 
12.4 
1.5 
0.2 
14 .2 
16.7 

0.5 I 
2.3 
14.7 
1.2 
6.0 
0.7 
5.5 
0.2 
17.1 
6.3 

TOTAL 

7y420 

1,230,512,863 

100% 

1,699 

130,718,402 

100% 

9,119 

1,361,231,265 

100% 

30 

BREAKDOWN  BY MEMBER  STATE OF COMMUNITY  FUNDS ALLOCATED  FOR COFINANCING  IN 1996 

TABLE  III 

Development  projects  in  the 
developing  countries 

Information  campaigns 

for 

European 

public  opinion 

TOTAL 

Member 
States 

Austria 
BeIgi um 
Denmark 
Finland 
France 
Germany 
Greece 
Ireland 
Italy 
Luxembourg 
Netherlands 
Portugal 
Spain 
Sweeden 
UK 
Consortium 

No.  of 

EC  contribution 

No.  of 

EC  contribution 

No.  of 

Schemes 

ECU 

% 

Schemes 

ECU 

% 

Schemes 

17 
55 
2 
6 
88 
120 
3 
8 
109 
20 
35 
4 
29 
8 
115 
20 

4,054,542 
12,130,678 
160,000 
1,506,945 
18,312,704 
29,073,908 
629,176 
2,500,012 
23,030,216 
1,979,590 
8,895,830 
935,678 
7,801,165 
2,213,073 
27,896,166 
13,344,478 

2.6 
7.8 
0.1 
0.9 
11.8 
19.2 
0.4 
1.6 
15.0 
1.3 
5.7 
0.6 
5.0 
1.5 
17.9 
8.6 

4 
25 
6 
1 
20 
20 
2 
4 
30 
1 
18 
4 
9 
3 
27 
5 

569,865 
1 ,804,152 
768,660 
240,000 
2,030,565 
2,527,543 
375,643 
299,598 
2,488,151 
11,522 
1,676,452 
449,886 
584,591 
189,162 
2,992,402 
1,287,189 

3.1 
10.0 
4 .2 
1.3 
11.0 
14.0 
2.0 
1.6 
13.6 
0.1 
9.2 
2.4 
3.2 
1.0 
16.3 
7.0 

EC  contribution 

ECU 

% 

4,624,407 
13,934,830 
928,660 
1,746,945 
20,343,269 
31,601,451 
1,004,819 
2,799,610 
25,518,367 
1,991,112 
10,572,282 
1,358,564 
8,385,756 
2,402,235 
30,888,568 
14,631,667 

2 .7 
8.1 
0.5 
1.0 
11.8 
18.3 
0.6 
1.6 
14.8 
1.2 
6.1 
0.8 
4.8 
1.3 
17.9 
8.5 

172,759,542 

100% 

(*) 

21 
80 
8 
7 
108 
140 
5 
12 
139 
21 
53 
8 
38 
11 
142 
25 

818 

TOTAL 

639 

154,464,161 

100% 

179 

18,295,381 

100% 

Plus  ECU 1,507,630  for miscellaneous  (support  to the NGO  Liaison Committee and  consultants 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(98) 127 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

11  09  01 

Cataloaue  number  :  CB-CO-98-130-EN-C 

ISBN  92-78-31732-2 

Office  for Official  Publications of the European  Communities 

L-2985  Luxembour2 

/