Amended proposal for a EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DIRECTIVE relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles amending Council Directives 70/156/EEC and 70/220/EEC
Date: 1997-02-25
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: air quality, combustion gases, motor vehicle pollution, roadworthiness tests, statistical method

COMMISSION  OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Brussels,  25.02.1997 
COM(97)  77  final 

96/0164  (COD) 

Amended  proposal  for  a 

EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT  AND COUNCIL  DIRECTIVE 

relating to measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from 
motor vehicles and amending Council Directives 70/156/EEC and 
70/220/EEC. 

(presented  by  the Commission  pursuant  to Article  189 a (2) 
of the  EC-Treaty) 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

1. 

Background 

The objective of the proposed amendments is to complete the proposal relating to 
measures to be taken against air pollution by emissions from motor vehicles and 
amending Council Directives 70/156/EEC and 70/220/EEC (COM(96) final 248) with 
the statistical selection procedure for the control of compliance of vehicles in service. 

2. 

Legal basis 

The proposed measures amend the Commission's earlier proposal (COM(96) 248  final) 
based on Article  100A of the Treaty.  Consequently they are made under Article  189a of 
the Treaty of the Union. 

3. 

Content of the proposal 

The proposed amendments provide for Appendix  1  to Annex X of COM(96) final 248 
sets the statistical test criteria for the sequential testing of emissions of vehicles taken 
from  service.  It provides for a procedure to deal with gross emitters and a statistical test 
criteria to determine whether the vehicle sample passes or fails the test. 

a 

Amended  proposal  for  a European Parliament and Council Directive relating to measures to 
be taken against air pollution by emissions from  motor vehicles and amending Council 
Directives 70/156/EEC and  70/220/EEC. 

Appendix  1 of Annex  X  reads as  follows: 

Appendix  1 

This Appendix  describes the procedure  to be used to verify  the conformity  of 

1. 
compliance 
with  the  case where there  are gross emitters  in the sample  due to an emissions  related  defect. 

of vehicles  in service  for  the type  I tailpipe emissions test.  The procedure  deals 

2. 

3. 

j. 

3.1. 

3.3. 

3.4. 

A vehicle  is classified  as a gross emitter  when,  for  any regulated  pollutant,  the 
appropriate  limit  value  given  in section  5.3.1.4. of Annex  I to this  Directive  is  exceeded 
by  more  than  50%. 

Starting  with  a minimum  sample of three vehicles, the sample  is examined  for  the 
occurrence  of gross emitters  (according  to the definition  given  in section  2 of  this 
Appendix). 

If no gross emitter  is  found,  the statistical  procedure  of section  4 of this  Appendix 
applies. 

If a vehicle  is found  to be a gross emitter,  the reason  for the excess emissions  shall  be 
determined  by  the approval  authority. 

If more  than  one  vehicle  is found  to be a gross emitter due to the same reason, a  fail 
result  for  the  vehicle  sample shall  be  recorded. 

When  only  one  gross emitter  is found,  or more than one gross emitter  is found  but  due 
to different  reasons, the sample  is increased  by one vehicle, unless a cumulative  sample 
size  greater  than  the  maximum  sample size of  15 would  be  reached. 

3.4.1.  When,  in the  increased  sample, more than one  vehicle  is found  to be a gross emitter,  due 

to the  same reason,  a fail  result  for the sample  shall  be  recorded. 

3.4.2. 

If the maximum  sample  size of  15 is reached, provided  no more than one gross  emitter 
has been  found  in the sample, a pass or fail  decision  will  be reached  according  to  the 
statistical  procedure  of section  4 of this  Appendix. 

3.5. 

Whenever  the sample  is increased  due to the requirements  of section  3.4, the  statistical 
procedure  of  section  4 to this Appendix  shall  be applied  to the  increased  sample  size. 

4. 

Statistical  procedure 

4.1. 

4.2. 

With  a minimum  sample  size of 3 and  a maximum  sample size of  15. the  sampling 
procedure  is set  so that  the  probability  of a lot passing  a test  with  40% of the  production 
defective  is 0.89  (producer's  risk =  11%) while  the  probability  of a lot  being  accepted 
with  65% of the  production  defective  is 0.15 (consumer's  risk  =  15%). 

The  measurements  of  the  pollutants  given  in section  5.3.1.4. of Annex  1  to this  Directive 
are  considered  to  be  log  normally  distributed  and  must  first  be transformed  by  taking 
their  natural  logarithms.  Let  n denote  the current  sample  number. 

If the natural  logarithms of the measurements in the series are x j,  X2,... 
the natural logarithm of the limit value for the pollutant, then  define: 

XJ and  L  is 

dj  =  XJ  -  L 

n 

d.  =  -  Y dj 

2 

Vu 

_ 
-

—  2 
Z ( dj  -  dn) 
j=  I 

4.4. 

Table  1 shows the values of the pass (An) and  fail  (Bn) decision numbers against 
current 

sample number.  The test statistic is the ratio  di/vn  and  must be used  to 

determine 

whether the series has passed or failed  as  follows: 

F o r 3 < n < 1 5: 

- 

- 

- 

pass the series if  du/vu  < An, 

fail  the series if  d../vn  >  Bn, 

sample another vehicle and test for a gross emitter if An  <  dn/vn  <  Bn 

For n =  15, 

-  pass the series if  dis/vis  < 0,15474, 

- 

fail  the series if  dis/vis  > 0,15474. 

Table 1 

Sample size  Pass decision threshold  Fail  decision  threshold 

n 

3 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
11 
12 
13 
Û 
__ 

~ 

~ 

An 

-0,80381 
- 0,76339 
- 0,72982 
- 0,69962 
-0,67129 
- 0,64406 
-0,61750 
-0.59135 
- 0.56542 
- 0.53960 
-0.51379 
- 0.48791 
. 

... ^  _  ^ 

Bn 

16,64743 

7,68627 
4,67136 
3,25573 
2,45431 
1,94369 
1,59105 
1,33295 
1,13566 
0,97970 
0.85307 
0.74~SÔ] 

I M P A CT  S T A T E M E NT  ON  COMPETITIVENESS  A ND  J O BS 

I. 

What  is the  main justification  of the  measure? 
The  objective  of the  proposed  amendments  is to complete  the  proposal 
relating  to  measures  against  air  pollution  by  emissions  from  motor  vehicles 
and  amending  Council  Directive  70/156/EEC  and  70/220/EEC  (COM(96)  final 
248),  by  a statistical  appendix  to  be  used  by  official  services  for  the 
implementation  of the  new  additional  control  of conformity  measures 
proposed  in the  initial  proposal. 

II. 

Characteristics  of the  companies  involved, more  particularly: 
-  Do  they  include  a large  number  of  small- and  medium-sized  businesses?  No 

•  eligible  for  Member  State  regional  aid?  No 
•  eligible  under  the  European  Regional  Development  Fund?  No 

III.  What  obligations  are  imposed  on those  companies'?  No  obligations 

IV  What  obligations  are  likely  to  be  imposed  indirectly  upon those  companies  via  the 

local  authorities?  No  additional  obligation 

V  Do  any  special  measures  apply  to small- and  medium-sized  businesses?  No 

VI.  What  is the foreseeable  outcome: 

-  on  company  productivity?  No  negative  effect 
-  on jobs?  No  negative  effect 

VII.  Have  both  sides  of  industry  been  consulted?  No 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(«>7)  77  fiiKil 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

14  07  17 

Catalogue  number  :  CB-CO-97-070-EN-C 

ISBN 92-78-J6274-4 

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