REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE AND THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS - TEMPUS - Annual report - 1.8.1994 - 31.12.1995 - Phare & Tacis
Date: 1996-10-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: Central and Eastern Europe, EU programme, activity report, development aid, higher education

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

Brussels,  30.10.1996 
COM(96)531 final 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 

TO THE  COUNCIL,  THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT, 
THE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL  COMMITTEE 
AND  THE COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS 

TEMPUS 

Annual report 

1.8.1994-31.12.1995 

Phare 

& 

Tacis 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

INTRODUCTION 

The  origins  of the Tempus  scheme 

Tempus  I,  1990—1994 

The  Council  decision  of 29  April  1993 adopting Tempus  II 

Main features  of Tempus  II 

Management  structure  and  methodology 

External  Evaluation 

TEMPUS ACTIVITIES 01.08.1994  —  31.12.1995 

Overall  budget 

Phare 

Budget 

Selection  procedure 

Actions 

1. Joint  European  Projects  (JEP) 

2. Joint  European  Networks  (JEN) 

3.  Complementary  Measures  Grants  (CME) 

4.  Individual  Mobility  Grants  (IMG) 

Monitoring 

Exploitation  of outputs 

Increased  responsibility  to National Tempus  Offices  (NTOs) 

Phare  Partner  State  monographs 

Tacis 

Budget 

Strategy,  Pre-JEP and  JEP 

Priorities 

Selection  procedure 

Monitoring 

Strategy  review  1996 

The  Tempus  Information  Point  network 

/& 

Page 

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1 

3 

3 

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5 

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6 

6 

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8 

10 

11 

12 

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14 

14 

14 

15 

16 

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17 

17 

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 

ANNEX  1 - THE TEMPUS SCHEME: OVERALL STATISTICS 

ANNEX  2  - FACT SHEETS: PHARE COUNTRIES 

ANNEX 3  - FACT SHEETS: TACIS COUNTRIES 

18 

21 

27 

39 

% 

INTRODUCTION 

The  origins  of  the  Tempus  scheme 

The  events  of  1989  and  1990  in  Central  and  Eastern  Europe  had  a  dramatic:impact  on  the 
European  Community.  The  Member  States  individually  and  collectively  foun&jJtemselves  facing 
unprecedented  political  and  economic  challenges  to  the  established  philosoph^aiiAprocedures 
in  external  relations.  At  the  same  time  there  was  no  doubting  the  urge^^poJKmakine  an 
appropriately  rapid  and  effective  response  to  these  challenges,  not .pnly  irpterinsfop emergency 
assistance  but  also  by  providing  concrete  ways  for  the  countries * c o n ^ ^ ^ ^ o ^ l e v e i op  new 
perspectives  and  new goals linked  to a meaningful  concept  of  Europe 

integrated  global  response,  the"  Comrrra: 

Aiming  for  an 
comprehensive  framework  for  the  provision  of  practice 
countries  concerned  restructure  th'ërf^economies 
maximise  the  benefits  they  'mightfdieriverfromlthe^ 
assistance  was  agreegggy^^(|ouncii• 91 ^Mimstersgm^e^i^---
provided  the  Iraméffi^Hg^Cômmumry'assistance  in. oixlerto^ 
reform  processes' 

in 

iq^  provide  a 
s e i t o h e lp  the 
that-they  could 
erlll ^program me  of 
;own\.as  Phare1, 

it 

V  - 

) 

economic  and  social 

Higher  educatio 
^alreladyl'beei^idêridfîedîl^^the"Partner  States" themselves  as 
one  of the  priorities  for  co-operahon^Fr^m^anjeaii^stàge'a  number  of assistance-programmes  in 
the  education  field  were  embedded'witfan;Phare^ni'Ja*nuarV 1,990  the  Commission  submitted  to 
the  Council  and  the  European  ParliamentCits^pians".to» create  a  new  programme  specifically-
designed  to  meet  the  higher  education  needs  of;the  countries  that  would  be  eligible  for  support 
through  Phare. This  was the  starting  signal  for Tempus. 

Tempus  I,  1 9 9 0 — 1 9 94 

The  Council  adopted  Tempus  on  7 May  1990, for  an  initial  'pilot  phase'  of three  years  beginning 
on  1 July  1990.  A later  Council  Decision  extended  the  pilot  phase  for  one  year,  until  the  end  of 
June  1994.  Initially  3  countries  were  involved  in  the  scheme:  Poland,  Czechoslovakia  and 
Hungary. This  number  increased  with  the years  as  illustrated  in  Figure  1. 

As is still  the  case,  two factors  determined  the total  budget  available  for Tempus  activities: 

• 

• 

the  national  Phare  (and  later  also  Tacis)  budgets,  which  are  determined  annually  by  the 
Commission; 

the  proportion  of  Phare  (or  Tacis)  funds  which  each  of  the  national  authorities  allocate  for 
Tempus  activities. 

*  At  that  time  Phare  stood  for  "Pologne,  Hongrie:  Assistance  à  la  Restructuration  Economique".  The  current  full 
name  is  "Phare-Community  programme  for  assistance  for  economic  restructuring  in  the  countries  of  Central  and 
Eastern  Europe". 

1 9 90 

1 9 92 

Albania 
Bulgaria 
Czech  Republic 
Estonia 
Hungary 
Latvia 
Lithuania 
Poland 
Romania 
Slovakia 
Slovenia 

DDR 
Yugoslavia 

Figure  1:  Participation  of 'Phare  countries'  in Tempus  I 
(Until  1993  the  Czech  Republic  and  Slovakia  were  supported 
through  the  financial  allocation  for  Czechoslovakia) 

From  the  start  the  main  vehicle  for  inter-university  co-operation  under  the  Tempus  scheme  has 
been  the Joint  European  Project  (JEP). Tempus  supports  networks  of universities  from  both  East 
and  West,  which  restructure  and  develop  curricula  and  teaching  materials,  up-grade  teaching 
facilities  and/or  improve  university  administration  in  an  institution  within  a  Partner  State. 
Accepted  JEPs  are  supported  for  a  maximum  period  of  three  years  and  involve  the  participation 
of  at  least  one  university  from  a  partner  country,  and  of  partner  organisations,  of  which  one  has 
to be  a university,  in  at least  two CE Member  States. 

Tempus  works  in  priority  areas  which  are  annually  defined  with  the  Partner  States  and  which  are 
in  line  with  the  needs  in  the  current  phase  of  the  overall  socio-economic  development  of  those 
countries.  Strategically  speaking  Tempus  adopted  a  bottom-up  approach.  Support  concentrated 
on  innovation  at  the  base  of  the  university-pyramid:  in  the  departments  and  faculties  instead  of 
at  central  planning  level.  The  rationale  behind  this  approach  being  that  reform  is  likely  to  be 
more  easily  accepted  when  not  imposed  through  hierarchical  structures.  Also  project  initiation 
and  management  at  departmental  and  faculty  level  will  increase  the  sense  of  ownership  over 
projects.  Finally  the  programme  as  a whole  is more likely  to be  synchronised  to the  reform  needs 
on the "shop  floor". 

The  programme  addressed  the  fundamental  issues  of  reform  through  curriculum  development, 
supported  by  the  organised  mobility  of  staff  and  students,  and  the  purchase  of  essential 
equipment. 

Activities  intended  to build  up  networks  were  also supported:  Individual  Mobility  Grants  (IMGs) 
for  staff  as  well  as  'Complementary  Measures'  (CME)  grants  for  the  extension  of  activities  of 
European  associations  in  higher  education  and  others  to the  Partner  States. 

The  national  authorities  of  the  Phare  Partner  States  each  established  a  National  Tempus  Office 
(NTO)  involved  in  carrying  out  its  country's  contribution  to the  implementation  of the  scheme. 

For statistical  details  about Tempus  I please  refer  to the  appropriate  tables  in  the  annexes. 

—  2  — 

The  Council  decision  of  29  April  1 9 93  adopting  Tempus  II 

Following  an  initial  exchange  of  views  among  the  Education  Ministers  of  the  European 
Community  in  November  1992,  and  the  positive  opinion  of  the  European  Parliament  expressed 
in  March  1993,  the  Council  Decision  adopting  the  second  phase  of  the  Trans-European 
co-operation  scheme  for  higher  education  (Tempus  II)  was  taken  on  29 April  19932  This 
decision  meant  continuation  of  support  for  the  existing  Partner  States  and  the  extension  of  this 
support  to  the  new  republics  of  the  former  Soviet  Union.  Funding  of  projects  in  these  countries 
- with  the  exception  of  the  Baltic  States  -  comes  from  the  CE's  Tacis  programme.  Where 
necessary  this  report  will  make  a distinction  between  'Tempus  Phare' and  'Tempus  Tacis'. 

Main  features  of  Tempus  II 

With  the  introduction  of  the  second  phase  of  the  scheme,  Tempus  activity  in  Belarus,  the 
Russian  Federation,  Ukraine,  Kazakhstan,  Kyrgyzstan,  Moldova,  and  Uzbekistan  could 
commence.  Tempus  in  these  countries  forms  part  of  the  Tacis  programme,  the  overall  CE 
initiative  which  fosters  the  development  of  harmonious  and  prosperous  economic  and  political 
links  between  the  European  Union  and  these  Partner  States.  The  first  three  of  these  countries 
had  already  been  introduced 
to  the  programme  in  the  preceding  year  (1993),  when  an 
'introductory'  call  was  made  for  pre-JEPs.  These  preparatory  one-year  JEPs  were  to  ensure  a 
smooth 
to  the  programme  and  full  size  JEPs  and  concentrated  mainly  on 
preparatory  mobility  of  staff  on  planning  and  information  gathering  missions  as  well  as  on 
updating,  retraining  and  teaching  visits.  Figure  2  shows  when  the  different  Tacis  countries  were 
included  in  the Tempus  scheme. 

introduction 

Preparatory 
phase 

Legend 

H H U H H H IH 

:;if |;tr | 

^ ^ ^ ^| 
^ ^ ^ ^| 

Commencement 
of  Pre-JEPs 

HB  Commencement 
of  JEPs 

Armenia 
Azerbaijan 
Belarus 
Georgia 
Kazakhstan 
Kyrgyztan 
Moldova 
Mongolia 
Russian  Federation 
Ukraine 
Uzbekstan 

Figure  2:  Participation  of'Tacis  countries1  in  Tempus 

Perhaps  the  main  distinction  between  Tempus  I and  Tempus  II  for  the  Phare  countries  has  been 
the  introduction  of  national  priorities.  These  lists  of  annually  reviewed  national  preferences 
- jointly  identified  by  the  national  authorities,  and  the  European  Commission  -  are  used  as  a 
selection  tool  for  newly  submitted  JEP-proposals.  They  are  specific  to each  of the  countries.  The 
main  rationale  behind  their  introduction  was to streamline  the  efforts  of Tempus  with  those  of the 
respective  governments  and  the  Phare  programme  as  a whole. 

OJN° LI 12/34, 6 May 1993. 

_3  — 

Pluri-annual  funding  has  been  introduced  for  the  financing  of  JEPs.  This  means  that  from  the 
total  amount  any  country  has  allocated  to  Tempus  activities  projects  are  now  funded  for  the 
whole  of  their  duration.  This  is  to  safeguard  continuity  in  the  operation  of  three-year  projects. 
Moreover,  it  offers  contractors  more  flexibility  in  managing  their  JEPs,  allowing  them  to  carry 
over certain  proportions  of the funds  for one year to a subsequent  year where  appropriate. 

In  anticipation  of  the  inclusion  of  some  Phare  countries  into  the  CE  mobility  programmes, 
mobility  has  gained  importance  in  JEPs  in  the  past  6  years  as  is  illustrated  in  the  Figure  3 
below. 

D1991 

0 1 9 93 

•  1995 

ALB 

BC 

CZ 

EE 

H 

LT 

LV 

PL 

RO 

SLO 

SQ 

Figure  3:  Average  amounts  of  student  mobility  per  JEP  per  country  for  the  Phare 
countries  in  1991,  1993  and  1995.  The  vertical  axis  indicates  the  number  of 
students 

One  of the  most  obvious  differences  between Tempus  Phare  and  Tempus  Tacis  is  the  division  of 
subject  areas.  Tempus  aims  at  structural  co-operation,  while  in  Tempus  Phare,  the  support  is 
spread  over  a  wide  range  of  subject  areas,  in  the  new  independent  states  the  scheme  focuses 
much  more  on  support  in  areas  which  have  been  neglected  in  the  past  decades.  This  is  clearly 
illustrated  in  the  following  chart  (Figure 4). 

A.  =  Humanities 
B.  =  Languages 
C.  = 
Social  Sciences 
D.  =  Management  and  Business 
E.  =  Applied  Sciences  and  Technology 

B. 

C. 

D. 

E. 

Figure  4: JEP subject  distribution  in Tempus  Phare  and Tempus  Tacis  in  1995.  The 
vertical  axis  indicates  the  percentage  of  all  JEPs  in  Phare  and  Tacis  respectively.  It 
needs  to be  noted  here  that in Tacis  the  category  Management  and  Business  entirely 
consists  of  projects  in  the  field  of  University  Management.  This  is  not  the  case  in 
Phare.  The  subdivision  of  the  category  Applied  Sciences  and  Technology  in  Tempus 
Phare  has  changed  considerably  over  the  years.  More  information  on  this  can  be 
found  in  the annexes  to this report 

— 4 

Management  structure  and  methodology 

Responsibility  for  the  implementation  of  the  scheme  is  assigned  to  the  Commission.  The 
Commission  is  assisted  by  a  management  committee  composed  of two representatives  appointed 
by each  Member  State and  chaired  by a  Commission  representative.  The  management  committee 
is referred  to as  the Tempus  Committee. 

In January  1995  technical  assistance  for  implementation  of the  programme  was  transferred  from 
ECTO  in  Brussels  to  the  European  Training  Foundation  in  Torino.  In  the  Phare  countries,  the 
European Training  Foundation's  Tempus  Department  is  assisted  by the  National  Tempus  Offices 
(NTOs).  These  perform  parts  of  the  selection,  monitoring,  and  assessment  tasks  and  are  the 
ETF's  main  link  to the  national  authorities  of central  and  eastern  Europe. 

External  Evaluation 

As  stipulated  in  the  Council's  decision  on Tempus  II,  the  Commission  has  launched  an  external 
evaluation  of the Tempus  Scheme. 

TEMPUS  ACTIVITIES  01.08.1994  —  31.12.1995 

Overall  budget 

The  central  and  eastern  European  national  governments  allocated  a 
total  amount  of 
102.1  MECU  to  Tempus  Phare  activities  in  1995.  For  the  countries  participating  in  Tempus 
Tacis  this  figure  was  23  MECU.  The  table  below  (Figure  5)  shows  how  these  figures  relate  to 
earlier  years. 

140  -I  -

120  -  -

100  -  -

80  -  -

-  -70.5  -

60  -  -

23.2 

40  -

20  -

0  •• 

129.2-

98 

102,1 

95.9 

3.45 

D Phare 

B Tacis 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994 

1995 

Figure  5: Tempus  allocations  between  1990  and  1995  in  MECU 

—  5  — 

Phare es 

Budget 

The  total  amount  available 
in  the  Phare  countries  was 
in  1995  for  Tempus  activities 
102.1 MECU.  Figure  6  shows  the  national  allocations  to Tempus  activities  per  country  in  1995 
and  the average  per  year. 

SLO 

ALB 

B  1990-1995 (average per year) 

D1995 

10 

15 

20 

25 

30 

Figure  6:  Tempus  funds  in  MECU  per  country  in  1995  compared  with  average  per  year  since 
inclusion  in  the  scheme  (Phare). The  average  figures  for  Slovenia,  as  well  as  for  Slovakia  and 
the  Czech  Republic  are  the  averages  since  independence  of  these  countries 

Selection 

procedure 

The  (national)  priorities  for  implementation  of  Tempus  are  the  outcome  of  a  process  of 
consultation  between  the  Commission  and  the  authorities  of each  partner  country.  The  priorities 
are  published  in  the  Guide  for  Applicants.  By  using  the  priorities  as  selection  parameters 
Tempus  has  been  able  to  continue  to  develop  greater  relevance  for  the  specific  processes  of 
reform  in  each  partner  country  and  also  to  establish  a  selection  process  v/hich  gives  applicants 
guidance  in their  efforts. 

_6 

Flowchart  1 : The  stages  of the  selection process  for  Tempus  projects 

Technical  quality-grading  of 
the applications in  priority 
areas by the  ETF and  the 
NTOs 

Assessment  of academic 
relevance  and  quality of 
applications  in priority  areas 
by  Partner Countries' 
Academic  Experts 

Receipt  and acknowledgement  of 
applications  by the  European 
Training  Foundation  (ETF) 

Identification  of applications  in 
priority areas made by the  ETF 
and  the National  Tempus 
Offices  (NTOs) 

Consultations between  the 
Commission  and  the  NTOs 

Opinions of EU and  Partner 
Countries' Academic experts  sought 

Final  Approval of the  proposed 
projects  by the Commission and  the 
National  Authorities 

*m~jm>mew4immximmi*^Mi^m?*in 

Notification  of results 
to the applicants 
'fe^rart'friTCBM^diMirti^iiftdWiiiiiiMiir-^^ 

Dispatch  of contracts  to 
the successful  applicants 

Return  of signed 
contracts  to ETF 

zL tmwmiw**m 

Dispatch of  financial 
assistance  to Contractors 

Actions 

1.  Joint  European  Projects  (JEP) 

JEPs  are  selected  for  support  through  a  co-operative  decision  making  process  whereby  both  the 
ETF  and  the  National  Tempus  Offices  assess  the  quality  of  the  projects.  Upon  arrival  of  the 
proposals  at  the  ETF  the  documents  undergo  a  formal  check  including  a  priority  assessment. 
The  second  stage,  the  quality  assessment  including  the  technical  screening  is  done  in  a 
combined  effort  by  the  ETF  and  the  NTOs,  in  parallel  with  an  academic  assessment  by  the 
Partner  State  academic  experts.  The  next  stage  is  the  academic  experts  meeting  bringing 
together  experts  from  Partner  States  and  CE  Member  States  to  advise  the  Commission,  which 
takes  the  final  decision.  Please  refer  to Flowchart  1 on previous  page. 

In  1995  unlike  1994  there  was  no  call  for  JEP+  projects  (in  which  the  objective  and  in  some 
cases  the  Partner  State  institutions  involved  were  specified  in  advance). 

Results  of  the  1995  JEP  selection 

round 

During  the  first  half  of  1995  the  selection  of Joint  European  Projects  to start  in  September  1995 
took  place. The  results  of that  selection  round  were as  follows. 

Number  of new JEPs  accepted 

Success  rate  for  projects  within  priority  areas 

Success  rate  for  Mobility  JEPs 

Number  of JEPs  renewed  in  1995/96 

229 

3 1% 

30.6% 

247 

Statistical  data  on  the  country  participation,  subject  distribution  and  a  breakdown  of  details  per 
country  can  be found  in  the  annexes  to this  report. 

2. 

Joint  European  Networks  (JEN) 

The  Joint  European  Network  Action  was  launched  in  1993.  The  first  grants  were  awarded  in 
early  1994.  The  action  was  designed  to  allow  the  most  successful  completed  Joint  European 
Projects  to  maintain  their  networks  over  a  period  of  up  to  two  years  with  an  emphasis  on  the 
dissemination  of  results.  A total  number  of 46 JENs  received  support  for  the  1995/96  academic 
year  out  of  the  124  who  applied  for  a  grant.  Furthermore  83 JENs  had  already  started  in  1994 
and  went  into their  second  year  of operation. 

3.  Complementary  Measures  Grants  (CME) 

As  mentioned  in last  year's  Annual  Report,  in  1994  the  decision  was  taken  to develop  proposals 
for  restructuring  the  Complementary  Measures  Action.  The  new  Action  launched  in  1995/96, 
focuses  on supporting  institutional  restructuring  and  strategy  development. 

The  review  of the  scheme  was carried  out  to improve  its  structure  thereby  approaching  potential 
applicants  in  a  more  systematic  way. It was hoped  that  in  this  way more  focused  proposals  would 
be  submitted  and  the  action  would  therefore  better  serve  the  actual  needs.  Intended 
to 
complement  the Tempus JEP Action, the scheme  now consists  of three  strands: 

• 

Strand  1, focuses  on institutional  restructuring  and  university  management  development. 

This  category  is subdivided  into: 

0 

a 

la.  Preparatory  studies; 

l b. 

implementation  of previous  findings. 

One  of  this  year's  projects,  for  example,  aims  at  initiating  industrial  liaison  and  technology 
transfer  services  in  three  regions  of  the  Czech  Republic  for  subsequent  dissemination  to 
other  Czech  regions.  The  method  is  to  transfer  the  experience  of  universities  in  the  CE 
Member  States  and  science  parks  situated  in  similar  industrial  environments  so  as  to 
enhance  the  process  of  economic  development  and  increase  student  opportunities  through 
university-industry  co-operation. 

Strand  2,  focuses  on dissemination  of Tempus  or other  project  results. 

One  project,  for  example,  aims  at  disseminating  project  management  skills  developed 
through  different  Tempus  (and  other  donor)  projects  which  have  been  managed  at  a  group 
of universities. The  output  is a manual  of good  practices  which  focuses  on: 

a  financial  management  of projects  and  administrative  procedures; 

D  analysis  of  skills  profiles 

involves 
dissemination  of  the  output  through  sending  copies  of  the  manual  to  universities,  and 
holding  a workshop focusing  on the  topic. 

for  project  management.  The  project  also 

Strand  3,  focuses  on policy  development  at  national  authority  level. 

One  project,  for  example,  has  as  background  the  National  Development  Plan  recently 
passed  in  the  Hungarian  parliament,  determining  the  political  and  conceptual  framework 
for  higher  education.  The  objective  of  the  CME  project,  which 
in 
partnership  with  the  Ministry  of Education,  is to further  elaborate: 

is  implemented 

D  a curriculum  modularisation  and  credit  system; 

a  new teaching  methods  including  open  and  distance  learning; 

D 

the  introduction  of per capita  funding  and  a tuition  fee  system. 

The  outcome  of  the  CME  project,  formulated  on  Hungarian  and  Western  expertise  and 
experience,  is  two-fold:  a)  a  set  of  recommendations  regarding  the  above  three  areas  to  be 
used  by  the  authorities  in  the  preparation  of  further  legislation,  and  b)  guidelines  for 
institutional  managers  applying  the  new legislation. 

—  9  — 

Results  of  the  1995  CME  selection 

rounds 

In  the  two  selection  rounds  of  1994/95,  100 grants  were  awarded.  Selection  procedures  were 
similar  to those  used  for JEPs. The  results  were as  follows: 

First  selection  round  (April  1 9 9 5) 

The  total  awarded  budget  - of  3,953,109  ECU  -  is  significantly  higher  than  that  of  previous 
years. This  increase  is  probably  due  to the  increased  awareness  of the  existence  and  possibilities 
of  the  CME  scheme,  following  a  modest  awareness-raising  initiative  carried  out  in  the  first 
quarter  of  1995. 

The  small  number  of  applications  in  the  second  CME  selection  round  may  have  resulted  from 
the  fact  that  the  Guide  for Applicants  was  issued  close  to the  application  deadline. 

4. 

Individual  Mobility  Grants  (IMG) 

Individual  Mobility  Grants  provide  support  for  visits  from  partner  States  to  the  CE  and  vice-
versa.  Applicants  must  be  directly  involved  in  higher  education  and  must  be  staff  at  higher 
education  institutions,  senior  Ministry  officials  or education  planners. 

Because  of  the  transfer  to  the  ETF  in  Torino  of  the  technical  assistance  to Tempus,  West-East 
mobilities. were  suspended  for  one  year  because  of  the  transfer  to  the  European  Training 
Foundation  in Torino. Applications  to  travel  from  Partner  States  to the  CE  were  evaluated  by  the 
respective  National  Tempus  Offices. 

A  number  of  changes  were  made  regarding  the  grant  conditions.  Types  of  activity  were  re 
organised  into  three  groups, each  with  a new time  limit: 

• 

• 

• 

Course  and  materials  development 

Staff  development 

Activities  to support  the  development  of higher  education 

1 week  to 3  months 

1 week  to 3  months 

1 week  to  1 month 

For  the  first  time  this  year  national  conditions  and  preferences  have  been  included  in  the  IMG 
Guide  for  Applicants.  Selections  are  made  partly  on  the  basis  of  these  restrictions.  It  is  one  of 
the  measures  taken  to  increase  the  impact  radius  of  the  individual  IMGs.  Also  in  line  with  the 
general  drive  to  avoid  Tempus  expenditure  on  isolated  activities  is  the  obligation  for  applicants 
to have their forms  endorsed  by  one of their  superiors. 

— 10 

Results  of  the  1995  IMG  selection 

rounds 

There  were  two selection  rounds  for  IMGs,  one  in  February  and  one  in  June.  The  results  of  the 
two selection  rounds  are as  follows: 

First  selection  round  (January  1 9 9 5) 

Monitoring 

The  programme  of internal  monitoring  procedures  for  all Tempus  actions  was extensively  revised 
and  developed  during  1995. 

The  main  objectives  and  related  actions  of  the  monitoring  programme  can  be  summarised  as 
follows. 

1.  To  gear  the  progress  of  projects  towards  the  fulfilment  of  their  originally 

approved  objective. 

JEP  application  forms  and  contracts  were revised  in  order  to focus  the  objectives  of Tempus 
projects,  and  of  activities  directly  related  to  achieving  these  objectives.  Progress  towards 
the  originally  approved  objective  has  become  an  increasingly  important  condition  for 
continuation  of  project-funding. 

2.  To  develop  project  contractors'  and  co-ordinators'  skills  to  manage 
project  efficiently  and  in  accordance  with  Tempus  contractual  rules 

their 

Extensive  training  on  contractual  rules  for  National  Tempus  Office  staff  was  carried  out  so 
as  to  transfer  the  necessary  knowledge  for  providing  support  to  project  consortia  at  the 
partner  country  level. 

A  handbook  on  how  to  manage  a  Joint  European  Project  was  published  and  distributed  to 
project  co-ordinators  and  contractors  as  a  practical  tool  for  planning  and  implementation  of 
project  activities. 

Meetings  on  Tempus  procedures  and  goal-oriented  project  management  for  JEP  co 
ordinators  and  contractors  were  organised  in  most  countries,  with  particular  attention  to 
those  Partner  States  which  can  act  as  project  contractors.  These  meetings  proved  to  be 
excellent  tools  for  streamlining  otherwise  isolated  activities  and  dissemination  of  good 
practice. 

— 11 — 

3.  To  ensure  that  the  implementation  of  project  activities  is  correct  and  in  line  with 

the  fulfilment  of  the  project  objective. 

Actions  aiming  at  the  close  monitoring  of  running  projects  and  their  progress  towards  the 
expected  objective  were  launched.  In  particular,  a  combined  approach  of  desk  and  field 
monitoring  was developed,  in close co-operation  with  the  National Tempus  Offices. 

An  intensive  programme  of  monitoring  visits,  carried  out  by  the  EC Tempus  Office  and/or 
National  Tempus  Office  representatives,  was  launched  at  the  end  of  1994  and  continued 
during  1995. The  programme  involved  a  total  of  130  visits  in  all  the  Phare  countries.  The 
main  objective  of  monitoring  visits  was  to  assess  the  advancement  of  activities  of  those 
projects  which  appeared  to  have  problems,  and  to  provide  advice  on  how  to  redirect 
activities  towards  the  achievement  of the  planned  objective. 

The  monitoring  programme  outlined  above  has  contributed  in  a  substantial  way  to  maximise  the 
impact  of  the  Tempus  scheme  in  the  Partner  States,  as  well  as  increase  the  capacities  of  the 
National  Tempus  Offices  in  supporting  the  implementation  of  the Tempus  Phare  Programme  at  a 
decentralised  level. 

Exploitation 

of  outputs 

In  summer  1995  the  ETF  launched  the  Tempus  Output  Promotions  (TOP)  project.  Its  mission 
was  to  maximise  the  (added)  value  of the  Tempus  scheme  through  analysis  and  dissemination  of 
its  achievements. 

The  objectives,  defined  in  Autumn  1995  and  subsequently  ratified  by  the  Commission,  the 
NTOs,  and  the  CE  Member  State  National  Contact  Points  (NCP),  are  different  for  the  two 
identified  phases  of  the  project. 

The  first  phase  (10/95—1/97)  will  aim  to  enhance  the  visibility  oï  the  scheme  and  further 
investigate  ways  of  capitalising  on  the  added  value  of  the  Tempus  scheme,  particularly  in 
relation  to other  European  programmes. 

towards  the  further  development  and 
The  second  phase  (10/96—12/99)  will  be  geared 
maintenance  of  mechanisms  to  disseminate  outputs  and  added  value  of  the  Tempus  scheme, 
building  on the  experience  gained  at local  level  from  the JEN  action. 

These  objectives  will  be  pursued  through  the  development  of  data-collecting  mechanisms, 
studies  in  thematic  areas,  an  extensive  publications  programme,  and  participation  in  and 
organisation  of various  events. 

lo' 

Five  projects  are  being  launched  for  1996, among  them  the Site  Visit  Programme. 

Site  Visit  Programme 

Organised  within  the  framework  of  the  TOP  project,  the  Site  Visit  Programme  aims  to  analyse 
the  impact  of  the  Tempus  scheme  on  the  development  of  university  management  practice  in 
central  and  eastern  Europe.  A  total  of  9  missions  to  18  institutions  dravn  from  all  11  Phare 
countries  will  be  organised  to  gather  information.  Since  the  start  of  the  Tempus  scheme  these 
18 institutions  have  housed  380 JEPs  and  a  large  number  of  CMEs.  The  main  aim  of  the 
individual  institutional  visits  is  to  understand  the  ways  in  which  Tempus  projects  have  made  a 
difference  to the  institutional  management. 

— 12 

The  exercise  will  result  in  a detailed  report  on  the  impact  of Tempus  on  university  management 
with recommendations  concerning  the future  development  of the  scheme. 

Increased 

responsibility 

to  National  Tempus  Offices 

(NTOs) 

An  essential  feature  of  Tempus  is  the  transfer  of  responsibilities  to  the  higher  education 
institutions  in  the  Partner  States.  This  is  for  example  well  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  in  most 
countries  universities  are now able  to be contractors  for JEPs. 

This  process  has  also  been  applied  over  recent  years  to  the  working  relations  between  the 
Tempus  Department  of  the  ETF  and  the  National  Tempus  Offices  and  reflects  the  logic  of 
Tempus  as  a programme  in the framework  of Phare. 

In  1995  the  relationship  between  the  ETF  in  Torino  and  the  NTOs  was  further  reviewed.  The 
outcome  of this  review has  been  an  increase  in the activities  of the  NTOs. 

In  the reporting  year  the following  activities  have been  fully  or  to a large  extent  transferred  to the 
NTOs: 

With  regard  to  JEPs 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Parts  of the  technical  assessment  of JEPs,  screening  of the  applications  against  the  National 
Priorities; 

Supervision  of the  local assessment  of the academic  quality  of  applications; 

Some of the  monitoring  visits; 

(Content)  Evaluation  of Final  Reports  (i.e. of JEPs  which  have  started  in  1992). 

With  regard  to  JENs  and  CMEs 

• 

Assessment  of  applications. 

With  regard  to  IMGs 

• 

• 

Selection  of East  - West  IMGs; 

The  Polish  NTO  is  responsible  for  the  whole  East  -  West  IMG  cycle,  issuing  contracts  and 
performing  the  whole follow-up  exercise. 

A considerable  portion  of the  work  related  to the Tempus  Output  Promotion  Project,  particularly 
in  the area  of collection  of additional  data was also delegated  to some  of the  NTOs. 

A  greater  responsibility  in  the  scheme  is  envisaged  for  the  NTOs  in  the  near  future.  Plans  for 
this were drawn  up  in  1995 and  will  be discussed  in  1996. 

Phare  Partner  State  monographs 

the  eleven  countries  eligible 

During  the  course  of  1994  work  began  on  a  series  of  studies  of  the  impact  of Tempus  in  seven 
(initially)  of 
since 
September  1991:  Bulgaria,  the  Czech  Republic,  Hungary,  Romania,  Poland,  Slovakia  and 
Slovenia.  The  first  of  these  studies  examines  the  impact  of  Tempus  in  Slovakia  and  has  been 
published  in  early  1995.  The  English  versions  of  the  other  six  are  due  in  spring  1996. 
Translations  will follow  later. 

to  participate 

in  Tempus 

(Phare) 

— 13 — 

Tacis 

Budget 

The  total  amount  available  for  Tempus  activities  in  the  Tacis  countries  in  1995  was  23  MECU. 
Figure  7  shows  the  amounts  allocated  in  the  academic  year  1995  for  Tempus  activities  per 
country.  Some  of the  figures  are  higher  than  the  actual  national  allocation  from  the Tacis  budget. 
In  these  cases  additional  funding  was  provided  through  the  Inter-State  Budget.  For details  about 
the  allocations  and  additional  funding  please  refer  to  the  appropriate  annexes  to  this  document. 
The  amounts  are  compared  with  the  total Tempus  expenditure  in the Tacis  countries. 

1.4 
1.2 

UZB 

UKR 

RF 

MNG 

0.2 
0.2 

MOL 

KYR 

KAZ 

GEO 

BR 

AZB 

ARM 

1.5 

1.1 

0.8 
0.8 

2.4 

n 

J 0.1 

0.1 

0.2 
0.2 

28,9 

M 1993-1995 

D1995 

0.0 

2.0 

4.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10.0 

12.0 

14.0 

28,0 

30,0 

Figure  7: Tempus  funds  in  MECU  per  country  (Tacis). Totals  and  1995  figures 

Strategy,  Pre-JEP  and  JEP 

Tempus  II  activities  commenced  with  the  academic  year  1994/95.  In  order  to  prepare  the  first 
countries  for  the  implementation  of Joint  European  Projects  (JEPs), one-year  Pre-Joint  European 
Projects  (Pre-JEPs)  were  already  financed  in  1993. These  concentrated  on  preparatory  mobility 
of  staff  mostly  for  planning  purposes  (e.g.  study  and  information  gathering  visits,  preparation  of 
institutional  co-operation,  staff  updating  and  retraining, 
teaching  assignments  etc.)  The 
countries  eligible  for  these  pre-programme  activities  in  the  academic  year  1993/94  were 
Belarus, the  Russian  Federation,  and  Ukraine. 

— 14 

This  two-phase  project  cycle  has  been  maintained.  Projects  are  designed  by  the  future 
co-operation  partners  during  a  Pre-JEP:  a  period  of  contact  building  and  mobility  in  order  to 
design  high-quality  JEP  proposals. JEP grants  are  awarded  to the  most  successful  pre-JEPs  after 
their  completion.  Joint  European  Projects  focus  on  structural  changes  at  the  Partner  State 
institution  involved  with  the  additional  aim  of  creating  centres  disseminating  examples  of  good 
practice  to other institutes  in the  respective  regions. 

In  contrast  to Tempus-Phare,  participation  in Tempus-Tacis  in  the  Partner  States  is  restricted  to 
one  university  per  project,  while  from  the  CE  two or  three  higher  education  institutions  from  at 
least  two  different  CE  countries  can  participate.  One  institution  from  a  non-CE  (G24)  country 
can  also participate  without,  however,  being eligible  for financial  support. 

Priorities 

During  the  first  three  selection  rounds  (including  the  pre-JEP  selection  round  1993)  projects 
were selected  in  the following  priority  areas: 

humanities  and  social  sciences  (including  law); 

political  sciences; 

European  studies; 

economics  (not  focusing  on  business/management); 

modern  European  languages  (not focusing  on literature  or linguistics); 

improvement  of university  administration/management. 

For  the  countries  Belarus,  Moldova,  the  Russian  Federation  and  Ukraine  these  priority  areas 
were  binding,  i.e.  no  projects  in  other  subject  areas  were  selected.  For  the  other  countries  they 
were  advised  as  guidelines. 

The  priority  areas  adapted  constitute  those  areas  in  higher  education  which  are  most  affected  by 
the  changes  resulting  from  the  transition  of  the  Partner  States  to  pluralistic,  democratic,  market 
based  societies.  While  subject  areas  such  as  engineering  and  natural  sciences  also  suffer  from 
inadequate  funding,  they  traditionally  enjoyed  a  high  standard  of  teaching  and  research  in  the 
former  Soviet  Union.  In  addition,  the  opening  of  those  countries  for  international  co-operation 
has  created  a  tremendous  demand  for  knowledge  of  modern  European  languages  which  cannot 
be  satisfied  within  the  current  structures  of language  teaching  in  the  Partner  States.  Also,  it  has 
been  recognised  that  the  improvement  of the  university  management/administration  is  crucial  in 
a  situation  where  university  autonomy  has  increased  while,  at  the  same  time,  state  funding  for 
universities  has  decreased.  In  addition,  substantial  changes  in  the  academic  areas  such  as  those 
above will only  be  sustained  through  a well functioning  university  management  structure. 

From  1996,  the  priority  areas  for  Tempus  Tacis  will  be  agreed  with  each  Partner  State 
separately. 

— 15 — 

Selection 

procedure 

For Tempus  Tacis, a two stage selection  cycle was employed  (see  strategy,  Pre-JEP  and  JEP). 

The  first  stage, carried  out by  the  ETF Tempus  Department,  focused  on  the  formal  and  technical 
aspects  of  the  applications:  number  and  eligibility  of  partners,  adherence  to  priority  areas, 
project  management,  financial  request,  feasibility  of  project  objectives  and  strategy.  During  a 
second  stage  shortlisted  projects  were  then  assessed  by  senior  academic  experts  from  the  CE 
and  partner  states with  regard  to their academic  relevance.  Based  on  the  results  of the  two stages 
a  list  of  projects  proposed  for  funding  and  a  reserve  list  was  drawn  up.  The  final  decision  was 
made  by the  European  Commission. 

Results  of  the  1 9 95  (pre-JEPs  and JEPs)  selection  rounds 

435  Pre-JEP  and  95 JEP  applications  were  submitted 
in  response  to  the  1995  call  for 
applications.  Out  of these  87  Pre-JEPs  and  31 JEPs  were  selected  for  support.  This  represents  a 
success  rate  of 20%  for  pre-JEPs  and  32.6% for JEPs. 

103  higher  education  institutions  in  the  11 Partner  States  eligible  for  participation  in  1995  are 
involved  in  a  Tempus  project  (both  JEP  and  pre-JEP).  This  increases  the  overall  number  of 
Partner  State  institutions  which  have  benefited  from  a Tempus  grant  to more  than  140.  Currently 
51  Partner  State  institutions  are  involved  in a Joint  European  Project. 

Given  the  big  differences  between  the  Partner  States  in  size,  number  of  higher  education 
institutions  and  budget  available  as  well  as  the  different  stages  of  entering  Tempus,  the 
percentage  of  involvement  o{ partner  country  institutions  in  Tempus  differs  greatly.  While,  for 
example,  in  Moldova  one  out  of Ihree  Moldovan  higher  education  institutions  has  been  involved 
in  a  Tempus  project,  in  the  Russian  Federation  only  an  estimated  seven  percent  of  Russian 
higher  education  institutions  has  benefited  from  a Tempus  grant.  In  Ukraine  this  figure  is  around 
9  percent,  in  Belarus  14 percent  and  in Armenia  19 percent.  In  general  it  can  be  concluded  that 
the  percentage  of  involvement 
is  lowest  in  large  countries  with  many  higher  education 
institutions. 

During  the  selection  of  the  1995  projects,  Tempus  has  aimed  at  covering  all  priority  subject 
areas  as  listed  above.  As  in  previous  years  there  has  been  an  emphasis  on  the  social  sciences. 
University  management  was  by  far  the  most  popular  topic  in  this  selection  round.  A  comparison 
with  the  two previous  years  shows  no recognisable  shifts  with regard  to subject  area  distribution. 

For further  statistical  details, please  refer  to the annexes  of this  report. 

Monitoring 

The  philosophy  of  Tempus  Tacis  monitoring  is  very  much  based  on  the  expertise  gained  from 
Tempus  Phare  actions. 

The  monitoring  visits  programme  involved  55  projects  in  the Tacis  countries  in  1994/95,  mainly 
performed  by the Tempus  Information  Point  in  Moscow. 

— 16 — 

A  comprehensive  field  monitoring  strategy  is  being  developed  which  will  be  co-ordinated  with 
the Tacis  monitoring  system. 

Strategy  review  1996 

In  1995  Tempus  Tacis  activities  were  reviewed.  Starting  from  1996,  Tempus  Tacis  will 
introduce  the following  new features. 

Like  Tempus  Phare,  Tempus  Tacis  will  apply  a  more  targeted  country  specific  approach.  The 
European  Commission  has agreed  with  the national  authorities  in the Partner  States  on  national 
Tempus  Tacis  priorities  which  will  be  the  basis  for  the  1996  call  for  applications.  These 
priorities  are designed  to underpin  the objectives  of the  overall Tacis  programme. 

In  addition  to the currently  existing  project  types,  a  new type  of project,  the  Compact  Project, 
will  be introduced.  Compact  Projects  should  address  precisely  defined,  short-term  needs.  They 
are  self-contained  projects  and  concentrate  on  one  objective  which  can  be  achieved  within 
18 months  and with  a maximum  funding  of 80,000  ECU.  Compact  Projects  will  focus  on certain 
elements  of  university  management/administration  as  well  as  the  improvement  of  relations 
between  universities  and  other  parties  in  the  international  community,  the  national  education 
system, the local  economy  and the social  field. 

Further  emphasis  will  also  be  made  on  networking  amongst  projects,  the  inclusion  of  further 
institutions  in the project  consortia  and the dissemination  of project  results  in the Partner  States. 

The  Tempus  Information  Point 

network 

In  order to ensure  appropriate  support  on the spot, Tempus  Tacis  has started  in  1993 to set up a 
network  of Tempus  Information  Points  (TIPs)  in  the  Partner  States  involved.  The  first  TIP was 
established  in the Russian  Federation  in  October  1993.  In  1994 the national  authorities  in the 
other  Partner  States  were  asked  to  nominate  one  person  in  their  country  as  the  Tempus 
Information  Point.  In  1995 TIPs  were  operating  in  Belarus,  Georgia,  Kazakhstan,  Kyrgystan, 
Moldova,  Mongolia, the Russian  Federation  and Ukraine. In the Partner  States  where  no TIP had 
been  operating  by 1995 negotiations  were  held  in order to establish  a TIP. 

The  role  of  the  TIPs  is  to  assist  in  the  implementation  of  the  Tempus  Tacis  programme  by 
disseminating  information  about  the programme  (including  the Guide  for applicants),  providing 
information  on  the situation  and  development  of higher  education  in  the  Partner  States,  giving 
practical  support  to project  operators  and initiating  and supporting  networking  amongst  projects 
as  well  as  the  dissemination  of  project  outputs.  In  carrying  out  these  activities  the TIPs  liaise 
and  co-operate  closely  with  the  local  Tacis  Co-ordination  Unit  in  order  to  ensure  synergy 
between Tempus  and Tacis. 

—  17 — 

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 

1.  Tempus  Phare  Guide  for  applicants  Academic  Year  1995/96,  in 9  languages 

DA 
DE 
EN 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IT 
NL 
PT 

Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-DA-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-ES-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-FR-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-GR-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-IT-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-NL-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-84-94-848-PT-C 

ISBN:  92-826-8418-0 
ISBN:  92-826-8419-9 
ISBN:  92-826-8421-0 
ISBN:  92-826-8417-2 
ISBN:  92-826-8422-9 
ISBN:  92-826-8420-2 
ISBN:  92-826-8423-7 
ISBN:  92-826-8424-5 
ISBN:  92-826-8425-3 

2.  Tempus  Phare  Compendium  for  1994/95, in  EN  (introduction  in  DE,  EN,  FR) 

EN 

Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-785-EN-C 

ISBN:  92-826-8871-2 

3.  Tempus  Phare  Joint  European  Managment  Handbook  1994/95, in  EN,  DE,  FR 

Catalogue  N° none 

ISBN:  none 

4.  Tempus  Tacis  Guide  for  applicants  Pre-JEP  phase  Academic  Year  1995/96  in 9  languages. 

DA 
DE 
EN 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IT 
NL 
PT 

Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-DA-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-ES-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-FR-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-GR-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-IT-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-NL-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-575-PT-C 

ISBN:  92-826-8715-5 
ISBN:  92-826-8716-3 
ISBN:  92-826-8718-X 
ISBN:  92-826-8714-7 
ISBN:  92-826-8719-8 
ISBN:  92-826-8717-1 
ISBN:  92-826-8720-1 
ISBN:  92-826-8721-X 
ISBN:  92-826-8722-8 

5.  Tempus  Tacis  Compendium  for  1994/95  in  EN  (introduction  in  DE,  EN,  FR) 

EN 

Catalogue  N° CE-85-94-777-EN-C 

ISBN:  92-826-8870-4 

6.  Tempus  Phare  Country  Monographs 

N°l:  The  Slovak  Republic  in  EN,  FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-583-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-583-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° CY-85-94-583-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-826-8723-6 
ISBN:  92-826-8724-4 
ISBN:  92-826-8725-2 

N°2: The  Czech  Republic  in  EN,  FR,  DE 

DE 
DE 
EN 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-742-DE-C 
Catalogue  N°  C2-93-95-742-E 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-742-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-742-E 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-742-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-827-5908-3 
ISBN:  92-827-5909-1 
ISBN:  92-827-5945-8 

— 18 

N°3: Romania  in  EN, FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-750-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-750-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-750-FR-C 

N°4: Bulgaria  in  EN,  FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-758-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-758-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-758-FR-C 

N°5: Hungary  in  EN, FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-774-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-774-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-774-FR-C 

N°6: Slovenia  in  EN,  FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-766-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-766-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-766-FR-C 

N°7: Poland  in  EN,  FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-782-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-782-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-782-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-827-5987-3 
ISBN:  92-827-5988-1 
ISBN:  92-827-5997-0 

ISBN:  92-827-5998-9 
ISBN:  92-827-5999-7 
ISBN:  92-827-6000-6 

ISBN:  92-827-6004-9 
ISBN:  92-827-6005-7 
ISBN:  92-827-6006-5 

ISBN:  92-827-6001-4 
ISBN:  92-827-6002-2 
ISBN:  92-827-6003-0 

ISBN:  92-827-6007-3 
ISBN:  92-827-6008-1 
ISBN:  92-827-6009-X 

7.  Tempus  Phare  & Tacis  Annual  Report  1993/94  in 9 languages  (digest  in  FI  & SV) 

DA 
DE 
EN 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IT 
NL 
PT 

Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-DA-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-DE-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-EN-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-ES-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-FR-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-GR-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-IT-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-NL-C 
Catalogue  N°  CY-88-95-525-PT-C 

ISBN:  92-827-0206-5 
ISBN:  92-827-0207-3 
ISBN:  92-827-0209-X 
ISBN:  92-827-0205-7 
ISBN:  92-827-0210-3 
ISBN:  92-827-0208-1 
ISBN:  92-827-0211-1 
ISBN:  92-827-0212-X 
ISBN:  92-827-0213-8 

8.  Tempus  Leaflet  in 3  languages 

Catalogue  N° none 

ISBN:  none 

9.  Tempus  Phare  Guide  for  applicants  Academic Year  1996/97, in  LI,languages 

DA 
DE 
EN 
ES 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-DA-Ç 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-ES-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-827-4415-9 
ISBN:  92-827-4416-7 
ISBN:  92-827-4418-3 
ISBN:  92-827-4414-0 
ISBN:  92-827-4419-1 

— 19 — 

GR 
IT 
NL 
PT 
FI 
SV 

Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-GR-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-IT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-NL-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-89-95-923-PT-C 

ISBN:  92-827-4417-5 
ISBN:  92-827-4420-5 
ISBN:  92-827-4421-3 
ISBN:  92-827-4422-1 
ISBN:  92-827-4423-X 
ISBN:  92-827-4424-8 

10.  Tempus  Phare  Compendium  for  1995/96, in  EN  (introduction  in  DE, EN,  FR) 

EN 

Catalogue  N° C2-92-95-748-EN-C 

ISBN:  92-827-5476-6 

11.  Tempus  Phare  Flagship JEP  - Vol.  1 in EN, FR,  DE 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-90-95-017-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-90-95-017-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-90-95-017-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-827-4484-1 
ISBN:  92-827-4485-X 
ISBN:  92-827-4496-8 

12.  Tempus  Phare  Joint  European  Managment  Handbook  1994/95, in  EN,  DE,  FR 

DE 
EN 
FR 

Catalogue  N° C2-88-95-937-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-88-95-937-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-88-95-937-FR-C 

ISBN:  92-827-4692-5 
ISBN:  92-826-4288-7 
ISBN:  92-827-4693-3 

13.  Tempus Tacis  Guide 

for  applicants  Pre-JEP  pha^e  Academic  Year  1996/97 

in 

11 languages. 

DA 
DE 
EN 
ES 
FR 
GR 
IT 
NL 
PT 
FI 
SV 

Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-DA-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-DE-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-EN-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-ES-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-FR-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-GR-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-IT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-NL-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C 
Catalogue  N° C2-93-95-629-PT-C 

ISBN:  92-9157-012-5 
ISBN:  92-9157-013-3 
ISBN:  92-9157-015-X 
ISBN:  92-9157-011-7 
ISBN:  92-9157-016-8 
ISBN:  92-9157-014-1 
ISBN:  92-9157-017-6 
ISBN:  92-9157-018-4 
ISBN:  92-9157-019-2 
ISBN:  92-9157-020-6 
ISBN:  92-9157-021-4 

20  — 

ANNEX  1 

The Tempus Scheme: Overall  statistics 

B 

Phare 

1. 

BUDGET: 

TotaiTem^us budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility.flows within  JEPs* 

Staff  from  CEE 

Staff  to CEE 

Students  from  CEE 

Students  to CEE 

Number of JENs  supported 

Of which  new 

* 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  CEE 
to CEE 

Trnipii-

1994 

1 9 95 

Total 

320.81 

272.16 

37.75 

10.90 

750 

4 2 J 84 

15,762 

9,864 

14,645 

2,196 

138 

6,864 
5,257 
1,607 

95.9 

95.9 

102.1 

102.1 

464 

239 

485 

229 

19,550 

16,641 

7,551 

5,927 

5,061 

1,011 

38 

38 

25 

1,369 

1,207 

162 

6,718 

5,542 

3,653 

728 

112 

83 

100 

1,271 

1,271 

1 

518.81 

470.16 

37.75 

10.90 

1218 

78,658 
30,031 
21,333 
23,359 
3,935 

121 

263 

9,504 
7,735 
1,769 

Please note that the  1994 and  1995 figures  are projected figures. They represent the amount of planned  mobility for the 
given years. The  pluri-annual  funding  of projects  implies  that precise  data are not yet available. Experience has taught 
that the final figures are likely to be slightly smaller. 

Tacis 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

Number of partner states  involved 

PROJECTS: 

2. 
Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Staff  mobility  within  Pre-JEPs 

Staff  mobility  within  JEPs 

Student  mobility  within  JEPs 

Number of Partner State univ. involved  in  JEPs 

1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

3.45 

3 

74 

1421 

22 

7 

76 

28 

28 

1174 

586 

156 

22.797 

48.247 

11 

87 

59 

31 

1304 

916 

95 

11 

237 

59 

3899 

1502 

251 

51 

1 

Exceptionally,  for  1995/1996  only  requests  for  East-West grants were  supported. 

—  21 

JEP  distribution  by  country  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

Phare 

C o u n t ry  i n v o l v e m e nt 

New  JEPs 

in 

1995/96 

AU  JEPs  running 

in 

1995/96 

Number 

| 

% (*) 

Number 

, 

| 

% (*) 

28 
61 
33 
21 
98 
115 

31 
29 
65 
. 1 
74 
36 
46 
29 > 

150 

6 

28 

19 

4 

38 

5 

10 

65 

36 

14 

7 

CE  Member 

States 

Austria 

Belgium 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Ireland 

Italy 

Luxembourg 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 

United  Kingdom 

Partner 

States 

Albania 

Bulgaria 

Czech  Republic 

Estonia 

Hungary 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Poland 

Romania 

Slovak  Republic 

Sic 

Other  G24 

Canada 

Iceland 

Norway 

Switzerland 

USA 

Total 

2 29 

12.2 

26.6 

14.4 

9.2 

42.8 

50.2 

13.5 

12.7 

28.4 

0.4 

32.3 

15.7 

14.6 

12.7 

65.5 

2.6 

12.2 

8.3 

1.7 

16.6 

2,2 

4.4 

28.4 

15.7 

6.1 

3.1 

0.4 

0.9 

2.2 

1.7 

1.3 

l;|ÏJÎ42Mlllp 

W:;;|:g,;:!;3f!igg||S:'S:: 

lllÉïilSi? 
I l l i l l j l lj 
iiiili^iis 
lïlïiïîjpil: 
ÏWlilÊIS;: 
liij^Slliii 
lllllîïïl 
l||i:55||||p:: 

14 
59 
34 
13 
83 
13 
18 
155 

;:60 

31 

12 

2 

2 

11 
7 

13 

4 85 

9.5 

29.3 

14.6 

7.0 

44.5 

51.5 

18.1 

16.7 

32.4 

0.4 

30.9 

16.7 

25.4 

11.3 

63.9 

2.9 

12.2 

7.0 

2.7 

17.1 

2.7 

3.7 

32.0 

12.4 

6.4 

2.5 

0.4 

0.4 

2.3 

1.4 

2.7 

*•  ' 

The  figures  in this  column  indicate  the percentage  of projects  in'which  the country  in question  appears. 

—  22 — 

Tacis 

Pre-JEP/JEP  distribution  by  country  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

C o u n t ry 

i n v o l v e m e nt 

New  Pre-JEPs 

and 

JEPs 

in 

1995/96 

All  JEPs  and 
in 

running 

Pre-JEPs 
1995/96 

Number 

%(*) 

Number 

%(*) 

CE  Member 

States 

Austria 

Belgium 

Denmark 

Finland 

France 

Germany 

Greece 

Ireland 

Italy 

Luxembourg 

Netherlands 

Portugal 

Spain 

Sweden 

United  Kingdom 

Partner 

States 

Armenia 

Azerbaijan 

Belarus 

Georgia 

Kazakhstan 

Kyrgyzstan 

Moldova 

Mongolia 

Russian  Federation 

Ukraine 

Uzbekistan 

Other 

G24 

USA 

9 

20 

9 

.  7 

36 

46 

10 

8 

23 

1 

22 

2 

21 

7 

56 

5 

4 

7 

5 

9 

3 

6 

5 

53 

15 

6 

7.6 

16.9 

7.6 

5.9 

30.5 

39 

8.5 

6.8 

19.5 

0.8 

18.6 

1.7 

17.8 

5.9 

47.5 

4.2 

3.4 

5.9 

4.2 

7.6 

2.5 

5.1 

4.2 

44.9 

12.7 

5.1 

9 

27 

11 

7 

49 

57 

11 

10 

26 

1 

27 

4 

27 

7 

69 

5 

4 

11 

5 

9 

3 

5 

6 

73 

19 

6 

6.2 

18.5 

7.5 

4.8 

33.6 

39 

7.5 

6.8 

17.8 

0.7 

18.6 

2.7 

18.5 

4.8 

47.3 

3.4 

2.7 

7.5 

3.4 

6.2 

2.1 

3.4 

4.1 

50.0 

13.0 

4.1 

1.7 

Total 

1 18 

1 45 

—  23  — 

Phare 

JEP  distribution  by  subject  area  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

Subject  area 

Humanities 

Social  Sciences 

Management  and  Business 

Natural  Sciences  and  Mathematics 

Applied  Sciences  and  Technology 

Art and  Design 

Languages 

Other 

J E P+  Areas 

New  J E Ps  1 9 9 0 / 96 

All  runniii"  J E Ps 

Number 

% 

Number 

7 

29 

37 

18 

101 

0 

11 

26 

3.0 

12.6 

16.1 

7.7 

43.6 

0 

4.7 

11.3 

16, 

55 

88 

224 

3 

19 

40 

11 

% 

3.3 

11.3 

18.1 

6.0 

46.3 

0.6 

3.9 

8.2 

2.3 

Total 

2 29 

1 0 0% 

4 66 

1 0 0% 

The  sub-groups  under  Applied  Sciences  and  Technology  are  the 

follotcing: 

Agricultural  Sciences 

Health  Sciences 

Environmental  Sciences 

Information  Technology 

Engineering  and  Technology 

Architecture  and  Urban  planning 

Other 

21 

22 

47 

34 

76 

13 

11 

3.4 

4.5 

10.5 

7.5 

16 

2.1 

2.1 

Tacis  Pre-JEP/JEP  distribution  by  priority  area  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

New  project* 

Running  projects 

Stilnecl  area 

Humanities  and  Social  Sciences  (including  Law) 

Political  Sciences 

European  Studies 

Economics  (not focusing  on  business/management) 

Modern  European  languages 

University management/administration 

Other 

8 

7 

6 

9 

1 

Number 

40 

1 

4 

23 

24 

39 

15 

26 

22 

19 

29 

3 

% 

27 

0.6 

2.7 

15.7 

16 

27 

10 

Total 

31 

1 0 0% 

1 46 

1 0 0% 

24  — 

CME  distribution  by  subject  area  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

Phare 

1st  round 

2 nd  round 

applications 

selected 

applications 

selected 

Albania 

Bulgaria 

Czech  Republic 

Estonia 

Hungaiy 

Latvia 

Lithuania 

Poland 

Romania 

Slovakia 

Slovenia 

16 

34 

14 

8 

21 

5 

4 

64 

27 

8 

7 

8 

15 

4 

2 

4 

1 

1 

22 

16 

3 

1 

CME  distribution  by  subject  area  in  1 9 9 5 / 96 

Distribution  of  the  different 
strands  among  the  accepted 
CME  proposals  in  both 
selection  rounds. 

13% 

80% 

D Strand  1 

Q Strand 2 

D Strand  3 

Strand  1 : 

Institutional  restructuring  and  university  management  development 

1 a. 

Preparatory  studies 

l b. 

Implementation  or previous  findings 

Strand  2: 

Dissemination  of Tempus  or other  project  results 

Strand  3: 

Policy  development  at  national  authority  level 

—  25 

£ . 6-

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility flows within JEPs 

Staff  from  Albania 

Staff  to  Albania 

Students  from  Albania 

Students  to  Albania 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Albania 

to Albania 

Fact  sheet  Albania 

Tempus  I 

Tempus  II 

1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

6.19 

3.7 

0.09 

2.4 

13 

413 

171 

121 

115 

6 

226 

180 

46 

2.4 

2.4 

3.7 

3.7 

17 
5 

452 

208 

161 

79 

4 

0 

2 

191 

182 

9 

13 

6 

445 

227 

176 

42 

0 

^8 

0 

10 

295 

295 

12.29 

9.80 

0.09 

2.4 

24 

1,310 

606 

458 

236 

10 

0 

. 

16 

712 

657 

55 

Priorities  for  Albania: 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

1.  Architecture,  Urban  and  Regional  planning 
2.  Agrofood  Technologies 
3.  Business Administration  and  Industrial  Management 
4.  Mathematics  and  Informatics 
5.  Psychology  and  Pedagogy 
6.  Sociology  and  Philosophy 

The  strategy  behind 
the  setting  of  the  priorities 
mainly  concentrated  on  covering  areas  not  previously 
dealt  with  by Tempus  projects  and  promoting  a  broad 
regional  involvement  of  Albanian  universities,  in 
order  to  spread  the  benefit  of  the  support  as  widely 
as  possible.  Only 
JEPs  have  been 
structural 
considered. 

All  these  priority  areas  have  been  covered  by the  new 
projects  accepted 

D 
7% 

E 

14% 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Natural  Sciences 
C:  Management  &  Business 
D:  Humanities 
E:  Education 

—  27 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Bulgaria 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

P R O J E C T S: 

Number  of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility flows  within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Bulgaria 

Staff  to  Bulgaria 

Students  from  Bulgaria 

Students  to  Bulgaria 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number  of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Bulgaria 

to  Bulgaria 

P r i o r i t i es  f or  B u l g a r i a: 

Structural 

Priorities 

1.  The improvement  of  curricula  and  study  programmes 
with  a  view  to  the  introduction  of  new  degrees  in 
higher  education. 

2.  The 

relationship 

improvement  of 

between 
the 
theoretical  and  practical  preparation  of  students  and 
the  introduction  of interactive  teaching  methods. 
3.  The  development  of  inter-university  networks  for  co 
operation  and  joint  programmes  with  a  view  to  the 
future  consolidation  of higher  education  institutions on 
a  regional  basis. 

IVmpiis  I 

T c m p i i"  II 

1 9 9 1 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

Total 

30.63 

28 

2.63 

80 

3,093 

1,486 

835 

686 

86 

35 

564 

474 

90 

12 

12 

59 

32 

12 

57 

28 

1,863 

1,815 

857 

682 

277 

47 

1 

7 

246 

155 

19 

877 

638 

259 

41 

83 

9 

18 

143 

143 

54.63 

52 

2.63 

140 

6,771 

3,220 

2,155 

1,222 

174 

60 

881 
772 
109 

During  the  process  of  priority  setting,  the  Ministry  of 
Education  was  particularly  keen  to  bring  the  Tempus 
structural  priorities  closer  to  national  policies  in  higher 
education,  in  order  to  develop  Tempus  into  an  important 
tool for national  educational  reform. 

Subject  areas  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

4.  The development  of  short  (1-2 year)  programmes  for 
continuing  education  aimed  at  the  upgrading  of 
existing  skills or the development  of new  qualifications. 

Subject 

priorities 

1.  Economics  (banking,  state  finance  and taxation  policy, 

agrobusiness); 

2.  Social  and political  sciences  (social  psychology,  social 
insurance,  political  sciences);  European 
and  health 
integration  (European  Trade  Law, European  environment 
legislation, foreign  languages); 
3.  Agriculture  and food  processing; 
4.  Engineering  and applied  sciences  (CE standardisation 
in  production  quality  control,  energy  saving  and low 
energy  technology,  environmental  protection); 

5.  Medicine  and health  services. 

—  28 

A:  Applied  Sciences  & Technology 
B:  Management  &  Business 
C:  Social  Sciences 
D:  Humanities 
E:  Languages 
F: 
J E P+  areas 
C:  Others 

Annex  2  - Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Estonia 

T('III|MIS  I 

TrmiHis  II 

1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

4.63 

2.5 

0.03 

2.1 

':. 

17 

'• 

330 

124 

98 

99 

9 

156 

126 

30 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

| ; I 9± 

13 

444 

146 

183 

106 

9 

0 

62 

57 

5 

12 

4 

251 

114 

105 

31 

1 

12 

0 

66 

66 

7.63 

5.5 

0.03 

2.1 

34 

1,025 

384 

386 

236 

19 

0 

7 

284 

284 

35 

Estonian  higher  education  institutions  were  encouraged  to 
assume  project  co-ordination  with  the intention  of  transferring 
know-how  in the management  of  international  co-operation 
projects. 

Subject  areas  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

G 
8% 

H 

8% 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility  flows  within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Estonia 

Staff  to  Estonia 

Students  from  Estonia 

Students  to  Estonia 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number  of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number  of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Estonia 

to  Estonia 

Priorities  for  Estonia: 

1. 

information 

Introduction  of 
in  higher 
education  (including  computerised  teaching  materials; 
utilisation  of  international  educational  networks  and 
databases). 

technology 

2.  Review  and upgrading  of teaching  methods  (including 
the review of curricula and introduction of quality assurance). 
3.  Promotion  of  courses  aimed  at  the  strengthening  of 
university  co-operation  with  enterprises  and the wider 
community. 

4.  Promotion  of  co-operation  between  Estonian  higher 
education  institutions  to  produce  a  wider  impact  on 
the  whole  higher  education  system. 

5.  Multiplier  effect. 
6.  Estonian  coordinator. 

The  Estonian  priorities  and preferences  reflect  the overall 
intention  to  enhance  the  efficiency  and  flexibility  of the 
teaching  process  and university  structures. 

They  targeted: 

• 

• 

• 

the modernisation  of teaching  processes  and university 
management; 
the  need 
teaching  methods; 
the establishment  of structures  for co-operation  between 
higher  education,  industry  and the private  sector 

introduce  modernised  and 

flexible 

to 

The  preferences  reflect  the  necessity  to  maximise  the 
benefit  of  a  small  budget,  by  including  several  Estonian 
higher  education  institutions  in single  projects.  Furthermore, 

J S-

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Natural  Sciences 
C:  Management  &  Business 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Humanities 
F:  Education 
G:  Arts 
H:  Other 

Annex  2  - Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total t e m p us  budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility flows  within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Hungary 

Staff  to  Hungaiy 

Students from  Hungary 

Students  to  Hungary 

Number of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Hungaiy 

to  Hungaiy 

Priorities  for  H u n g a r y: 

1.  European  Studies. 
2.  Development  of new curricula  leading  to the  creation 
of  new academic  and  professional  profiles  in  higher 
education  institutions  coherent  with  the  reconstruction 
of  the  economy  and  the  development  strategy  of the 
institution  concerned. 

3.  Comprehensive  development  of a whole  institution  or a 
large  part  of  it  in  accordance  with  the  development 
strategy  of the  institution  concerned. 

4.  Postgraduate  education:  course  development  and the 
establishment  of PhD  programmes  in universities. 

5.  Support  for 
mobility. 

trans-European  networks  for  student 

6.  Development  of university  management. 
7.  Development  of university  capacity  to provide  continuing 

education. 

8.  Significant  contribution  to current  Phare  project. 

The  priority  areas  were  aimed at: 

•  modernisation  and  development  of  Hungarian  higher 

• 

• 
• 

education; 
consistency  with  earlier  achievements  of  the  Tempus 
scheme; 
the establishment  of European  university  networks; 
the  development  and  improvement  of  institutional 
financial  management,  human  resources  development, 
internal  quality  assurance  systems,  library  management 
etc.; 

Fact  sheet  Hungary 

T e m p us  I 

T e m p us  II 

1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

59.9 

50.2 

9.7 

16 

16 

16 

16 

91.9 

82.2 

9.7 

204 

9,479 

3,005 

1,966 

3,845 

663 

73 

944 

581 

363 

66 

41 

2,707 

1,009 

691 

819 

188 

8 

7 

63 

41 

22 

83 

38 

2,815 

1,073 

963 

602 

177 

115 

23 

8 

28 

28 

283 

15,001 

5,087 

3,620 

5,266 

1,028 

31 

88 

1,035 

650 

385 

harmonising  the  Hungarian  Tempus  goals  with  those 
of  Phare  and to assure  synergy  with  other  components 
of  it. 

Subject  areas  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Natural  Sciences 
C:  Management  &  Business 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Humanities 
F:  Education 
C:  Languages 
H:  Arts 
I:  Other 

_ 3 Û_ 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Latvia 

Tempus  I 

Tt'iiinus  II 

1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs supported 

of which  new 

Mobility  flows within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Latvia 

Staff  to  Latvia 

Students  from  Latvia 

Students  to  Latvia 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number of JENs  supported 

Number  of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number  of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Latvia 

to  Latvia 

Priorities  for  Latvia: 

1.  Restructuring  and  strengthening  of  higher  education 
to  integrate  education  and 

institutions'  capacities 
research. 

2.  Development of vocationally  oriented  study programmes 
relevant  to  the  needs  of  the  modern  labour  market, 
within  this  priority,  preference'  has  been  given  to 
projects  creating facilities  for continuing  education. 

3.  Creation  of  facilities  with  modern  technologies  for 
teacher  training  and  updating  within  higher  education 
institutions.  Within  this  priority  area  preference  has 
been  given  to projects  targeted  at  teachers  and  school 
types  not yet  represented  in  Tempus  projects  running 
before, e.g. teachers  in technical  vocational  schools. 

•  The  first  priority  was  aimed  at  narrowing  the  gap 
between  teaching  and  research  in  place  under  the 
former Soviet system.  Based on the results  of a CME + 
project  financed  in  1994,  this  priority  encouraged  the 
integration  of  existing  research  capacities,  both  in 
terms  of  staff  as  well  as  facilities,  into  the  teaching 
process. 

•  The  second  priority  reflects  the  necessity  to  support 
the  development  of  vocational  study  programmes  at 
the  level  of  higher  education.  In  addition  to  bachelor 
and  master level  studies  this  includes  the  provision of 
continuing  education. 

6.2 

3.5 

2.7 

17 

589 

219 

140 

190 

40 

139 

94 

45 

:  ;  2 

2 

2 

2 

19 

6 

802 

260 

299 

202 

41 

0 

2 

75 

71 

4 

13 

5 

389 

163 

152 

72 

2 

18 

0 

75 

75 

10.2 

7.5 

2.7 

28 

1,780 

642 

591 
464 
83 

0 

9 

289 

240 

49 

Teacher  training,  the  third  priority,  is  high  on  the 
Latvian  agenda  for  the  development  of  the  education 
sector,  given  the  current  lack  of  a  coherent  and 
flexible  system for pre-and  in-service  training  capable 
of  responding  to  changing  educational  standards  and 
needs. 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

Applied  Sciences 
Natural  Sciences 
Social  Sciences 
J E P+  areas 
Education 
Arts 

—  31  — 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  P h a re  countries 

Fact  sheet  Lithuania 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus  budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number  of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility  flows within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Lithuania 

Staff  to  Lithuania 

Students  from  Lithuania 

Students  to  Lithuania 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number  of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Lithuania 

to  Lithuania 

P r i o r i t i es  for  L i t h u a n i a: 

1. 

Introduction  and support  of projects  in student  mobility, 
particularly  those  encouraging  the  establishment  of 
long-term  structures  for international  co-operation and 
academic  recognition; 

2.  Development  of  information  structures,  networks  and 
technologies  within  higher  education  (e.g.  modernisation 
of libraries  and access  to databases); 

3.  Development  of curricula  geared  towards  the needs of 
the  modem 
labour  market,  in  particular  curricula 
which  contribute  to  the  development  of  universities' 
capacities  for the provision  of continuing  education. 

Preference  was given  to  projects  involving  more  than  one 
Lithuanian  higher  education 
institution  and  to  projects 
which  attract  complementary  funding. 

The  Lithuanian  priorities  reflect  the  aim  to  encourage 
structural  change  leading  to  a  modernised,  flexible  and 
internationally  open  education  system. 

•  The  strengthening  of  structures  to  facilitate  student 
is  a  structural 

mobility  and  academic  recognition 
necessity  for international  co-operation  in  education. 
Preference  was given  to  projects  which  are  aimed  at 
introducing  information  technologies  into  the  teaching 
process  and university  management. 

• 

•  The third  priority  is  to strengthen  the ability  of  higher 
education  to  respond  to  the  changing  needs  of  the 
Lithuanian  labour  market. 

—  31  — 

T e m p us  I 

T e m p us  II 

1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

6.7 

4 

2.7 

.• 

i6:J;;:-

541 

225 

132 

154 

30 

147 

90 

57 

2 

2 

3.5 

3.5 

20 

5 

660 

279 

167 

197 

17 

0 

4 

46 

42 

4 

18 

10 

602 

221 

214 

162 

5 

21 

0 

2 

39 

39 

12.2 

9.5 

2.7 

31 

1,803 

725 

513 

513 

52 

0 

13 

232 

171 

61 

The  preferences  also  reflected 
to  support 
university/industry  co-operation  by encouraging  applicants 
to find  complementary  funding. 

the  desire 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Natural  Sciences 
C:  Management  &  Business 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Other 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

1. 

B U D G E T: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility flows within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Poland 

Staff  to  Poland 

Students  from  Poland 

Students  to  Poland 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number  of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Poland 

to  Poland 

Fact  sheet  Poland 

Tempus  I 

T e m p us  II 

1 9 9 0 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

97.53 

86.9 

10.63 

35 

35 

30 

30 

162.53 

151.90 
10.63 

248 

•12,578 

4,393 

2,942 

4,616 

627 

76 

2,190 

1,739 

451 

:':;-:;175; 
91 

7,263 

2,851 

2,122 

1,910 

380 

16 

14 

339 

307 

32 

156 

65 

5,348 

2,120 

1,667 

1,338 

223 

224 

12 

26 

275 

275 

404 

25,189 

9,364 

6,731 

7,864 

1,230 

28 

116 

2,804 

2,321 

483 

Priorities  for  P o l a n d: 

Mobility  Joint  European 

Projects 

including 
Mobility  projects 
interdisciplinary 
several 
departments  of  a  university,  which  lead  to  the  introduction  of  a 
credit  transfer  system. 

in  all  fields  of  study  and  areas, 
example 
projects 

involving 

for 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

Structural  Joint  European 

Projects 

1.  Areas  related  to economic  and  technological  development: 

• 

• 

• 

economics  and  management  in  the  business, 
agricultural,  transport,  building  and  health  care  sectors; 
engineering  and  technology; 
environmental  studies; 
urban/regional  planning  and  public  utility  management. 

financial, 

in  this  area  had  to  include  one  or  more  of  the 

• 
• 
• 
Projects 
following  objectives: 
• 
• 

development  of  university  co-operation; 
development  or  restructuring  of  curricula  for  bachelor 
degree  courses; 
general  reform  of  the  education  system  in  a  faculty/ 
department; 
development  or  modernisation  of  continuing  education 
courses 

2.  Areas  linked  to  social  and  political  change: 

• 
•' 

• 
• 
• 

social  psychology; 
social  and  political  sciences  including  aspects  related  to 
public  administration  and  local  government; 
negotiation,  arbitration  and  labour  market  studies; 
social  protection  and  unemployment; 
communication  and  public  relations. 

3.  Areas  related  to  European  integration: 

• 
• 

European  studies  including  European  languages; 
international,  European  and  comparative  law;  economics 
of  European  integration. 

4.,  Special  Joint  European-Projects  designed  to  improve  university 

administration 
university-industry  co-operation. 

5. 

—  3?>  — 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Education 
C:  Natural  Sciences 
D:  Management  &  Business 
E:  Social  Sciences 

F:  Humanities 
G: 
J E P+  areas 
H:  Other 
I: 

Languages 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Czech  Republic2 

T e m p us  II 

1993 

1 9 94 

1995 

Total 

1.  BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

10.94 

8 

2.94 

81 

5.5 

5.5 

8.0 

8 

24.44 

21.5 

2.94 

41 
15 

33 

14 

Mobility flows within JEPs 

.. 

1,861 

1,624 

1,184 

Staff  from  the  Czech  Republic 

Staff  to the Czech  Republic 

Students  from  the  Czech  Republic 

Students  to the  Czech  Republic 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  the  Czech  Republic 

to the  Czech  Republic 

691 

428 

612 

130 

3 

240 

151 

89 

553 

522 

404 

145 

10 

8 

83 

54 

29 

510 

381 

199 

94 

57 

13 

4 

59 

59 

110 

4,669 

1,754 

1,331 

1,215 

369 

23 

15 

382 

264 

118 

Priorities  for  the  Czech  Republic: 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

1.  Development  of  a  European  dimension  within 
higher  education  provision  which  addresses  the 
practical  requirements  of  the  implementation  of 
the  Europe Agreement  in: 
• 
• 
• 

law 
applied  social  science 
quality  control  in  industry. 

2.  Increasing  the  compatibility  with  CE  universities 

curricula  and  degrees 
credit  systems  and  credit  transfer 
evaluation  and  accreditation 

in: 
• 
• 
• 
through  student  mobility  projects  in  the  following 
subject areas: 
• 
• 

applied economics and  business  administration 
engineering. 

3.  Promotion  of  co-operation  between  universities 
and  the  private  sector  in  the  area  of  human 
resource  development,  particularly  in  the  following 
subjects: 
• 
• 

health  care  management 
agrobusiness. 

For  1990-1992  see  Fact  sheet  Czechoslovakia. 

—  3<t  — 

A:  Management  &  Business 
B:  Social  Sciences 
C:  Humanities 
D:  Education 
E: 
F:  Others 

J E P+  areas 

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Slovak  Republic3 

T e m p us  I 

T e m p us  II 

1993 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

6.18 

5 

1.18 

5 

5 

16.18 

15 

1.18 

46 

924 
365 
226 
292 
41 

136 

95 

41 

33 

15 

1,001 

320 

236 

391 

54 

2 

4 

73 

64 

9 

31 

14 

939 

401 

277 

212 

49 

45 

8 

4 

70 

70 

75 

2,864 

1,086 

739 

895 

144 

10 

10 

279 

229 

50 

8. 

reform  of teacher  training  curricula  for primary and 
secondary  school  teachers. 

Special  emphasis  was put on Slovak  coordination  and/or 
contracting  of the  new JEPs. 

Subject  areas  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Applied Sciences 
B:  Natural Sciences 
C:  Management  & Business 
D:  Social Sciences 

E:  Humanities 
F:  Education 
G:  Languages 

1. 

B U D G E T: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number  of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility  flows  within  JEPs 

Staff  from  the  Slovak  Republic 

Staff  to the  Slovak  Republic 

Students  from  the  Slovak  Republic 

Students  to the  Slovak  Republic 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number  of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  the  Slovak  Republic 

to the  Slovak  Republic 

Priorities  for  t he  Slovak  R e p u b l i c: 

Development  of  integrated  and  interdisciplinary  studies 
with  emphasis  on compatibility  with  CE universities 
Regional  and structural  diversification  of higher  education 
provision  (including  open  and distance  learning)  in  order 
to  broaden  opportunities  both  geographically  and in  terms 
of  new  target  groups. 
Development  of  the  content  of  courses  to  address  the 
changing  needs  of the labour  market. 
Promotion  of technology  transfer  between  universities and 
enterprises. 
Development  of  a  European  dimension  which  addresses 
the 
the 
implementation  of the  Europe  Agreement. 

associated  with 

requirements 

practical 

Subject 

areas 

1. 

law (environmental  law, fiscal  law and law relating  to 
new  patterns  of ownership  in a market  economy); 

information  and telecommunication  technology; 

2.  quality  control  in engineering; 
3. 
4.  environmental-management  and biodiversity  protection; 
5.  preventive  and diagnostic  community  health  care; 
6.  private  sector  accounting 
7.  modern  language  teaching,  with  emphasis on: 
diversification  of languages  taught; 
applied  linguistics; 
language  for specific  purposes. 

• 
• 
.  • 

3 

For 1990-1992 see Fact sheet  Czechoslovakia. 

—  35 

Annex  2  - Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Tempus  I 

T«'IIII>IIS  II 

1 9 9 1 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

41.75 

41 

0.75 

94 

6,088 

2,444 

1,437 

1,975 

232 

32 

692 

580 

112 

12 

12 

51 

24 

18 

18 

59 

36 

71.75 

71 

0.75 

154 

2,112 

2,470 

10,670 

834 

661 

528 

89 

0 

9 

192 

162 

30 

888 

824 

638 

120 

190 

13 

18 

160 

160 

4,166 

2,922 

3,141 

441 

13 

59 

1,044 

902 

142 

The  priorities  for  1995/6,  all  of  which  were  covered  by 
accepted  projects,  reflect  the structural  reforms  underway 
in  higher  education  as  well  as  the rapid  changes  ongoing 
in  the country  as a whole. 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

G 
20% 

H 

Fact  sheet  Romania 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs supported 

of which new 

Mobility flows within JEPs 

Staff  from  Romania 

Staff  to  Romania 

Students  from  Romania 

Students  to  Romania 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number of JENs  supported 

Number of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Romania 

to  Romania 

Priorities  for  Romania: 

of 

short-cycle 

1.  Development 

higher 
university 
education  (colegii)  related  to public  policy  and in the 
areas  leading  to  economic  growth  and  employment 
(medical  and  social  science,  banking  and  finance, 
tourism,  mass-media,  translating  and interpreting). 
2.  Restructuring of university  management  (administration, 
finance,  organisation  of  multi-disciplinary  research 
centres,  university  infrastructure  etc.). 

3.  Health  care  management  aiming  at improvement  of the 
administration  and  management  of  public  and  private 
hospitals  and  other  suppliers  of  health  services  and 
pharmacy. 

4.  Development  of  courses  dealing  with  nuclear  safety 

and  radiation  protection. 

5.  Development of higher  education  in public  administration 

and  political  sciences. 

6.  Development  of courses  in natural  resource  management, 
the  economic 
into 

account 

taking 

particularly 
dimension. 

7.  Development  of  master's  degree  courses  in  natural 
sciences  (mathematics,  physics,  chemistry,  biology, 
geology)  and humanities  (law  pedagogy,  psychology). 

8.  Development  of  projects  aiming  at  the  creation  of 

networks for student  mobility. 

9.  A  special  Joint  European  Project  on  the  teaching  of 
basis  economics  was  funded  at  the  request  of  the 
Romanian  authorities. 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Natural  Sciences 
C:  Education 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Humanities 
F: 
J E P+  areas 
C:  Management  & Business 
H:  Other 
I:  Languages 

—  36 

Annex  2  - Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Slovenia4 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus  budget  (in  MECU) 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

P R O J E C T S: 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Mobility  flows within  JEPs 

Staff  from  Slovenia 

Staff  to  Slovenia 

Students  from  Slovenia 

Students  to  Slovenia 

Number  of institutions  participating  in  JEPs 

Number  of JENs  supported 

Number  of Complementary  Measures  supported 

Number  of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Slovenia 

to  Slovenia 

Priorities  for  Slovenia: 

take 

The  creation  of short-cycle  higher  education,  which  can be 
established  either  as  part  of  a  university  structure  or 
independent  from it. 
University  degrees  should 
into  consideration  the 
overall  objectives  of  the  Phare  programme  as  well  as the 
that  were  unfulfilled  as  a  result  of  budget 
priorities 
limitations  in  1994. 
Development  of  universities' 
to  provide 
retraining  and  updating  courses  for  secondary  school 
teachers  with  a  special  emphasis  on  teachers  of  foreign 
languages. 
Establishment  of  schools  of  short-cycle  education  and 
curriculum  development  in  the  fields  of  engineering  and 
technology. 

capacities 

Subject 

areas 

• 

• 

• 

economic  and  labour  la  including  topics  related  to 
employment  and social  protection; 
financial 
accounting 
authorities); 
health  care  management. 

financial 
sector  and  public 

management, 
(needs  of  private 

'  particularly 

The  creation  of  short-cycle  higher  education  has  been 
identified  as a  key priority  by  the  Ministry  of  Education, 
as  a  result  of  the  new act  on  higher  education  (in  effect 

Tfiiipus  I 

Ti'iiimis  II 

1 9 9 2 - 1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 ? 95 

Total 

6.57 

4.8 

0.77 

1 

/  44  ?:;: 

481 

268 

304 

55 

217 

187 

30 

2.5 

2.5 

2.6 

2.6 

11.67 

9.9 

0.77 

1 

;::::;;24. 

5 

622 

232 

203 

149 

38 

1 

5 

81 

72 

9 

12 

7 

335 

123 

146 

50 

16 

14 

5 

2 

61 

61 

56 

2,065 

836 

617 

503 

109 

6 

12 

359 

320 

39 

since  December  1993).  The  development  of  financial 
management  skills  was  prioritised  from 
the  levels  of 
education  and institutional  restructuring. 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  p r o j e c t s: 

Applied  Sciences 
Natural  Sciences 
Management  &  Business 
Social  Sciences 

E:  Humanities 
F:  Education 
G:  Other 
H:  Languages 

Excluded  are details  about  the projects  IMGs  which  were  carried out  when  Slovenia  was still  part  of Yugoslavia,  i.e. before  independence 
in  1992. 24 of the  indicated  JEPs  were  originally  Yugoslavian  projects  but renewed  as Slovenian  projects  in the same  year. 

- 3T-

Annex  2  -  Fact  sheets:  Phare  countries 

Fact  sheet  Czechoslovakia1 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget (in MECU) * 

National  indicative  programme 

Regional  funds 

Other  Phare  sources 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of JEPs; supported 

of which  new 

Mobility flows wthin JEPs 

Staff  from  Czechoslovakia 

Staff  to  Czechoslovakia 

Students  from  Czechoslovakia 

Students  to  Czechoslovakia 

Number of JENs  supported 

Number, of Complementary Measures  supported 

Number of Individual  Mobility  Grants  awarded 

from  Czechoslovakia 

to  Czechoslovakia 

i Y m m is  I 

1990-1992 

34.96\ 
27.70 
7.26 

145 

5,052 
1,969 
1,184 
1,634 
265 

53 

1,008 
785 
223 

Covers only  the  period  1990-1992,  before  independence  of the Czech and Slovak  Republics. 

yi 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Armenia 

1. 

B U D G E T: 

Total Tempus  budget  (in  MECU), 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of Armenian  institutions  involved  in  JEPs 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Social  Sciences 
B:  Humanities 
C:  Modern  Languages 
D:  Business  Management 
E:  University  Management 

1 9 95 

Total 

0.247 

0 

0.247 

5 

3 

E 
20% 

Fact  sheet  Azerbaijan 

1. 

B U D G E T: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

National  allocation 

2. 

P R O J E C T S: 

Number  of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of Azerbaijani  institutions  involved  in JEPs 

1 9 95 

Total 

0.143 

0 

0.143 

4 

3 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Social  Sciences 
B:  Humanities 
C:  Applied  Sciences  &  Technology 
D:  Business  Management 

D 
25% 

B 

25% 

A 

25Tc 

39  — 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Belarus 

1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

0.380 

2.1 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs supported 

Number of JEPs supported 

of which  new 

Number of Belarussian institutions involved in JEPs 

1.497 

1.5 

3.977 

5 

6 

2 

18 

6 

13 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  Social Sciences 
B:  Economics 
C:  Humanities 
D:  Modern  Languages 
E:  University  Management 

Fact  sheet  Georgia 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of Georgian institutions involved in JEPs 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  Engineering 
B:  Teacher Training 
C:  Medical  Sciences 
D:  Economics 
E:  University  Management 

1 9 95 

Total 

0.242 

0 

0.242 

5 

3 

E 
22% 

11% 

_ 40  — 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Kazakhstan 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

0.370 

1.999 

2.369 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Number of Kazakh Institutions involved  in  JEPs 

2 

6 

3 

3 

-

15 

3 

11 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Economics 
B:  Applied  Sciences 
C:  Teacher Training 
D:  Business  Management 
E:  Modern Languages 
F:  University  Management 

Fact  sheet  Kyrgyzstan 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

0.09 

National  allocation 

2. 

P R O J E C T S: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Number of KyTgyz institutions  involved  in  JEPs 

0.754 

0.5 

0.844 

2 

1 

1 

Subject  a r e as  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Economics 
C:  University  Management 

—  41  — 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Moldova 

1 9 94 

1 9 9 5; 

Total 

1.  JBUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget (in MECU) 

0.23 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Nùmbèr^of Pre-JEPs supported  ;~ 

Numbe>^6f JEPs supported, 

of which new 

Number of Moldovan institutions  involved in JEPs 

1.128 

1 

1.358 

!li;4Sl;i!i 
IIIJIII; 
2 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  Economics 
B:  Social Sciences 
C:  Modern  Languages 
D:  University  Management 

Fact  sheet  Mongolia 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of Mongolian institutions involved in JEPs 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  Applied  Sciences 
B:  Humanities 
C:  University  Management 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Teacher Training 

1 9 95 

Total 

0.221 

0 

0.221 

5 

4 

E 
20% 

— 42 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Russian  Federation 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

2.54 

15.37 

11.552 

29.462 

1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Number of Russian  institutions involved in JEPs 

Subject  areas  c o v e r ed  by  all  projects: 

A:  Economics 
B:  Humanities 
C:  Social  Sciences 
D:  Modern  Languages 
E:  University  Management 

18 

18 

9 

37 

34 

16 

E 
23% 

132 

34 

81 

Fact  sheet  Ukraine 

1 9 93 

1 9 94 

1 9 95 

Total 

1. 

B U D G E T: 

Total Tempus budget  (in  MECU) 

0.5 

3.32 

National  allocation 

2. 

P R O J E C T S: 

Number  of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number  of JEPs  supported 

of which  new 

Number of Ukrainian  institutions  involved in JEPs 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  University  Management 
B:  Economics 
C:  Humanities 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Modern  Languages 

3.83 

3 

7.65 

10 

9 

5 

32 

9 

21 

43  — 

Annex  3  -  Fact  sheets:  Tacis  countries 

Fact  sheet  Uzbekistan 

1. 

BUDGET: 

Total Tempus budget  (in MECU) 

0.25 

1.185 

1.435 

1 9 9 4 ]: 

1 9 95 

i:TotaL;: 

National  allocation 

2. 

PROJECTS: 

Number of Pre-JEPs  supported 

Number of JEPs  supported 

of which new 

Number of Uzbek institutions  involved  in JEPs 

1 

4 

2 

2 

10 

2 

Subject  areas  covered  by  all  projects: 

A:  Economics 
B:  Humanities 
C:  Applied  Sciences 
D:  Social  Sciences 
E:  Modern  Languages 
F:  University  Management 

—  44  — 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(96) 531 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

16  11 

Catalogue  number  :  CB-CO-96-537-EN-C 

ISBN  92-78-10609-7 

Office  for  Official  Publications of the European  Communities 

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