Proposal for a COUNCIL DECISION on a First Multiannual Programme to Assist European Tourism "PHILOXENIA" (1997- 2000)
Date: 1996-04-30
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU policy, action programme, competitiveness, economic growth, tourism

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COMMISSION  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Brussels,  30.04.1996 
COM(96)  168  final 

96/0127  (CNS) 

Proposal  for  a 
COUNCIL  DECISION 

on  a  First  Multiannual  Programme  to  Assist  European  Tourism 
"PHILOXENIA" 
(1997-2000) 

(presented  by  the  Commission) 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

INTRODUCTION 

The tourism  industry  has been,  and  will  continue to be, of  great  importance  for  the  attainment 
of the  broader  objectives  of  the  European  Union.  Its  main  contributions  to  these  wider  goals 
are  that: 

tourism  creates  jobs  and  wealth  and  it  will  become  increasingly  important  in  this 
respect; 

tourism  generates jobs  rapidly  and  at  low  relative  cost; 

tourism  gives  employment  opportunities  for  varied  groups,  such  as  women  and  young 
people,  which  may  in  some  way  be  at  a  disadvantage; 

tourism  helps  to  achieve  economic  and  social  cohesion,  and  often  gives  less  developed 
and  peripheral  regions  a  real  opportunity  to  progress  in  economic  terms; 

tourism  can  contribute 
cultural  environment; 

to 

the  protection  and  enhancement  of 

the  natural  and 

tourism  brings  Europeans 
European  identity  and  vision. 

together,  breaks  down  barriers 

and 

consolidates 

By  the  end  of  the  decade,  international  arrivals  will  increase  by  around  100  million,  making 
tourism  the  world's  largest  industry(l).  Europe  continues  to  be  the  principal  destination  in 
global  terms.  Directly  it  employs  over  nine  million  people  (6%  of  the  labour  market)  and 
indirectly  many  millions  of  others.  It  represents  an  average  of  5.5%  GDP  and  one  third  of 
service  exports.  This  level  of  achievement  reflects  a  long-term  market  position  of  global 
dominance.  Europe's  history,  culture,  landscapes  and  peoples  have  created  a  powerful 
attraction  drawing  vast  numbers  from  other  countries.  These  visitors  have  added  to  high 
numbers  of  Europeans  who  have  traditionally  been  great  travellers  throughout  the  Continent. 

However,  the threat  from  growing  competition  has  become  increasingly  evident  and  Europe's 
market  share  has  steadily  eroded  over  the  last  20  years.  Destinations  such  as  those  in 
South  and  East  Asia,  and  the  Americas  are  becoming  increasingly  competitive  offering  top 
quality  infrastructure,  facilities  and  service.  In  some  cases  Europe's  response  is a higher  cost 
product  of  inferior  quality.  A  number  of  problems  relating  to  quality  and  professionalism 
require  both  immediate  and  longer-term  action.  These  problems  have  been  caused  by: 

complacency  due  to  Europe's  status  as the  predominant  destination  since  the  industry's 
rapid  growth  began  in  the  1960s; 

historically  a  lack  of  recognition  within  government  of  the  importance  of  the  industry; 

outdated  facilities  and poor  infrastructure  requiring  wholesale  regeneration  of  particular 
types  of  destination; 

a  diverse  and  highly  fragmented  industry,  most  of  which  are  SMEs,  often  resulting  in 
less  coherent  policy  formulation  and  ineffective  coordination  at  many  levels; 

a  large  number  of  sub-sectors  which  have  historically  not  worked  together  in  the  most 
effective  manner; 

( i)  WTO,  International  Tourism  Overview-Highlights  1995,  Madrid,  1996. 

2 

over-concentration  in terms  of  both  the  products  offered  and the  destinations  Terved 
leading  to  standardisation  of  product,  over-development  of  certain  areas  and 
under-development of others; 

limited use of strategic planning and lax development controls with consequent negative 
impacts on often  fragile  natural  and built environments; 

a short-term  investment  culture which has served to reduce the ability  to plan tourism 
strategically  in the longer term; 

poor training provision  and a lack  of  an industry  image. 

As  tourism  occurs  across  borders  a number  of  these  problems  clearly  have  a Community 
dimension, both in terms of tourist flows  and destinations. This is continually  accentuated by 
improvements  to  intra-European  modes  of  travel  ("reducing  distances");  new  tourism 
company  ownership  patterns;  new  technology  allowing  greater  product  choice  and  other 
factors  relating to the completion  of  the single market. 

In this  context  it is  acknowledged  that all  Member  States to varying  degrees  are concerned 
by the evolution of European tourism and that there is a clear need at local regional, national 
and  European  levels  for  action  to  address  the  issues  of  quality  and  competitiveness.  It  is 
important to  point out  that  many  of  the  current policies,  programmes  and initiatives of the 
Community  contribute to the development  of tourism in different  respects, for instance: 

the Internal Market, 

competition policy, 

environment  policy, 

regional  and cohesion  policies, 

transport policy, 

education  and training programmes, 

consumer policy, 

culture, 

research and development  programmes, etc. 

While having all due regard for the principle of subsidiarity  and acknowledging that primary 
responsibility  and overriding  competence for tourism in all  its operational  aspects rests with 
the  Member  States  and  private  operators,  Community-level  inputs  have  the  potential  to 
provide significant  added-value, especially  in the following  fields: 

collection and dissemination of research on tourism numbers, expenditure, trends, value 
of the industry,  etc.  at the European  level; 

provision  of  market research  such  as that on  existing  and emerging  third markets and 
other technical  studies where there is a recognized  pan-European need; 

promotion  of  a  legislative,  administrative  and  financial  environment  to  enhance  the 
development  of tourism; 

consultation and cooperation with the Member States and the industry and in partnership 
with relevant bodies and public administrations; 

implementing  specific  innovative  actions  which  address  particular  technical  issues; 

production  and  dissemination  of  guidance  on  good  practice, stimulating  networking  and 
transfer  of  know-how. 

Given  the  problems  facing  the  industry  mentioned  above,  together  with  the  opportunities  for 
Europe  inherent  with  the  approach  of  the  Millennium,  the  Commission  is  submitting  its 
proposal  for  the  first  Multiannual  Programme  to  Assist  Tourism  1997-2000. 

SECTION  L  CONTEXT  AND  SCOPE 

The  present  proposal  relates  to  the  Commission's  work  programme  for  1996  which  refers  to 
"Community  action  in  support  of  tourism  to  stimulate  quality  and  competitiveness"(2). 

The  present  proposal  is  set  in  the  context  of  the  progressive  specific  involvement  of  the 
Community  in  tourism  since  the  early  80s(3). 

It  seeks  to  ensure  continuity  of  Community  action  in  this  field  whilst,  at  the  same  time, 
rationalizing  and  deepening 
tourism  as  a 
phenomenon  with  a  major  economic  and  social  impact(4). 

it  by  taking  greater  account  of  European 

It  is justified  in  that  Community  actions  to  assist  European  tourism,  in  accordance  with  the 
principle  of  subsidiarity,  are 
the 
Member  States  and  respond  to  the  expectations  of  both  the  industry  and  the  tourist. 

the  European  Union  and 

interest  of  both 

the 

in 

All  actions  provided  for  in this  proposal  have  a common  denominator:  they  are not, or  cannot 
be,  satisfactorily  undertaken  at  the  local,  regional  or  national  level.  In  addition  they  aim  to 
make  other  Community  measures  more  cohesive.  All  the  actions  proposed  will  give  added 
value. 

The  proposal  integrates  the  results  of  the  consultation  on  the  Green  Paper  on  the  role  of  the 
Union  in  the  field  of  tourism(5),  presented  and  discussed  at  the  Forum  on  European  Tourism 
on  8  December  1995(6),  and  takes  account  of  the  evaluation  of  the  Action  Plan  based  on  an 
independent  evaluation  by  an  external  consultant^. 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

COM(95)  512  final  of  10  November  1995,  p.  29. 
Council  Decision  86/664/EEC  establishing  a  consultation  and  cooperation  procedure  in 
the  field  of  tourism  of  22  December  1986,  OJ  No  L  384,  31.12.1986,  p.  52. 
Council  Decision  89/46/EEC  on  an  Action  Programme  for  a European  Year  of  Tourism 
of  21  December  1988, OJ  No  L  17, 21.1.1989,  p.  53. Council  Decision  92/421/EEC  of 
13  July  1992  on  a Community  Action  Plan  to  assist  Tourism,  OJ  No  L 231,  13.8.1992, 
p.  26. 
Cf.  Eurostat-DG  XXIII,  Tourism  in  Europe,  Office  for  Official  Publications  of  the 
European  Communities,  Luxembourg,  1995  and Tourism  in the  European  Union  - Key 
figures  1994-95,  Office  for  Official  Publications  of  the  European  Communities, 
Luxembourg,  1996. 
COM(95)  97  final  of  4  April  1995. 
See  DG  XXIII  working  document,  Consultation  on  the  basis  of  the  Green  Paper  -
A  further  step  towards  recognition  of  Community  action  to  assist  tourism,  Forum  on 
European  Tourism,  1995. 
Report  on  the  evaluation  of  the  Action  Plan  to  Assist  Tourism,  COM(96)  166  final. 

It  is  in  line  with  the  conclusions  of  the  report  of  the  Commission  to  the  Council  on  civil 
protection, tourism and energy, which specifies that action in this field  "could be stepped up 
within the existing  framework  of the Treaty "(8). 

It  provides  an  answer  to  many  of  the  requests  made  by  the  European  Parliament00,  the 
Economic  and  Social  Committee(,0)  and,  more  recently,  the  Committee  of  the  Regions0°, 
which  have  highlighted  the  growing  attention  paid  to  tourism,  to  be  seen  in  the  light  of 
concerns  expressed  ever  more  forcefully  by  tourist  operators  in  the  face  of  the  challenges 
posed by growth  and employment. 

It also responds to the needs of the tourist and the protection of natural and cultural heritage. 

The  present  proposal,  which  is  based  on  Article  235  of  the  Treaty,  seeks  to  establish  a 
multiannual  Programme  to  Assist  European  Tourism  (PHILOXENIA),  for  a  period  of 
four years beginning  on  1 January  1997 

Its ultimate objective is to stimulate quality and competitiveness of European tourism, in order 
to contribute to growth  and employment. 

To ensure a focused approach and a coherent set of actions, this objective is broken down into 
four  intermediate  objectives  and  seven  immediate  objectives,  presented  in  the  following 
programme model. 

This  table  illustrates  the  proposed  programme,  in  relation  to  the  complementarity  of  the 
objectives and the close link  between objectives  and corresponding actions. 

(») 

(9) 

(10) 

(H) 

See  SE€(96> 496 final of  2  April  1996, p. 6. 
See the Resolution on tourism in the approach to the year 2000 (OJ No C 44, 18.1  1994, 
p.  61),  the  Resolution  on  the  report  from  the  Commission  on  Community  measures 
affecting  tourism  (OJ  No  C  18,  23.1.95,  p.  159)  and  the  Resolution  on  the 
Commission  Green  Paper  on  the  role  of  the  Union  in  the  field  of  tourism 
(EP 215.091/fmal)  adopted on 25  January  1996. 
See  the  own  initiative  opinion  on  Tourism  of  4  August  1994  (CES  453/94), 
OJ No  C 393,  24.9.1994,  and  the  Opinion  on  the  role  of  the  Union  in  the  field  of 
tourism (CES/976/95),  OJ No  C 301,  13.11.1995, p. 68. 
See the Opinion on the Commission  Green Paper on the role of the Union  in the field 
of tourism  of  16 November  1995  (CdR 376/95). 

PROGRAMME MODEL 

Ultimate 
objective 

Intermediate 
objectives 

Immediate 
objectives 

Actions 

A.  Improving 

1.  Developing 

knowledge  in  the 
field  of  tourism 

tourism  related 
information 

European  statistical 

system  for  tourism 

Surveys,  studies  and 

desk/field  analysis 

2.  Pooling  tourism 

information  from 
other  sources 

European  research  and 

documentation  network 

on  tourism 

3.  Facilitating  the 
assessment  of 
Community 
measures 
affecting  Tourism 

Establishment  of  a 

legal  and  financial 

watch 

Improving  the 
legislative  and 
financial 
environment  for 
tourism 

1.  Reinforcing 

cooperation  with 
Member  States, 
the  industry  and 
other 
stakeholders 

Stimulating 
quality  and 
competitiveness 
of  European 
tourism,  in order 
to contribute  to 
growth  and 
employment 

C.  Raising  quality  in 
European  tourism 

1.  Promoting 
sustainable 
tourism 

2.  Removing 

obstacles  to 
tourism 
development 

Organization  and 

follow  up  of  regular 

meetings 

(technical/thematic 

meetings,  round-tables, 

European  fora) 

Local  initiatives  network 

Environmentally  friendly 

management  systems 

European  Prize 

Identification  of 

obstacles  and 

development  of 

appropriate  responses 

D.  Increasing  the 
number  of 
tourists  from  third 
countries 

1.  Promoting 

Support  for 

Europe  as  a 
tourist  destination 

multiannual  promotion 

campaigns 

The  programme  is  concerned  with  catalytic  actions  which  complement  and  support  those 
undertaken within other Community  polices and programmes*12) (see table below), as well as 
measures taken at national  level0 3). 

Compliance  with  the  principle  of  subsidiarity  is  further  guaranteed  by  the  definition  of 
selection criteria designed to prevent measures which do not ensure Community added value. 

Partnership,  cooperation,  and consultation  with  the  member  States and the tourism  industry 
are fundamental  to the success of  the programme. 

(12)  See  Annual  reports  of  the  Commission  on  Community  measures  affecting  tourism, 
COM(94) 74 final  of  6 April  1994 and COM(96) 29 final  of  5 February  1996. 

(13)  See Annual  reports of OECD on tourism policy  and international tourism. 

Intermediate/immediate  objectives 
of flie PHILOXENIA Programme 

A.  Improving knowledge  in the field of tourism 

B.  Improving the Legislative  and Financial  environment 

for tourism 

C.  Raising quality in  European tourism 

C.l.  Promoting  sustainable tourism 

COMMUNITY  ACTIONS  IN  FAVOUR  OF  TOURISM 

Actions onder other Community policies* 
of interest to Tourism 

Compkineniary Actions 
(MiilrtannrMl Tourism Programme) 

Added Value 

Collection  and  dissemination  of harmonised  statistics 
(Working  Programme  on Community  Statistics)-Council 
Directive  on tourism statistics (ECU  4.5 million  1995-
1997) 

Various  EC policies  and programmes  (i.e. consumers, 
internal market, environment, transport,  employment 
education  and training, R&D) 
Structural  funds,  (ERDF objective  1: ECU  3 313 million 
for  1994-1999, Objective  2: ECU 491 million for  1994-
1996; Objective  5 b: ECU 788 million for  1994-1999 
(EUR  12, of which  ECU 462 million from  ERDF, the 
rest from EAGGF), Objective  6:  for  1995-1999^ 
(ECU  34.9 million), ESF: 360 million  for  1994-1999) 
Community  Initiatives  (**) 

5th Community  Action programme on the  Environment, 
LIFE  (total budget ECU 400million), coastal zones and 
tourism (ECU  650 00 in  1994) 
research  projects  on Environmental protection  and 
conservation  of the European  cultural heritage 
(ECU  4.419 million  in  1994); Protection  of cultural 
heritage (ECU  7.195 million  for  1994) 

European  statistical  system for tourism 
Surveys, studies, desk/field  analysis 
European research  and documentation  network on 
tourism 
Legislative  and financial  watch 

Organization  and follow  up of regular meetings  with 
member  States, industry  and other  stakeholders 
(technical/thematic meetings, round tables,  European 
fora) 

Comparable, timely, more  accessible and 
user-friendly  data and  information 
Exploitation  of synergies 
Improve  impact of Community  measures 
affecting  tourism 

Improve  European  cooperation  and 
consultation 
Raise  awareness  on Community  measures 
affecting  tourism 
Stimulate complementarity  of actions 

-  Local initiatives network 
-  Environmentally friendly management  systems 
-  European  Prize 

-  Effective  implementation  of the concept of 
sustainabihty, transfer  and dissemination of 
best practices 

-  Raise  awareness  on the issue of  sustainable 

development 

C.2.  Removing  obstacles to tourism  development 

HELIOS  II ("Tourism  for  all") 

Promotion  of best practices 

Facilitate mobility, promote  solidarity 
Transferring  good  practices 

D. 

Increasing the number  of tourists from third  countries 

D. 1 Promoting  Europe as  a tourist  destination 

Support  for multiannual promotion  campaigns 

-  Promote attractiveness  of Europe  as a tourist 
destination  alongside  national  campaigns 

*  See Report from the Commission  on Community measures  affecting  Tourism COM(96) 29 final of 5 February  1996. 
** The majority  of Community' initiatives, except RETEX, consider tourism relevant measures as eligible for  support. 

In  order  to  ensure  their  efficiency,  the  actions  planned  under  the  proposed  programme  give 
pride of place to operating in concert as a principle  and partnership  as the operating  method. 

The proposed  actions focus  on the technical  approach,  with  the  aim  of: 

enabling  surveys  and  common  interest  studies  to  be  carried  out  for  the  benefit  of 
European  tourism; 

promoting  exchanges of  experiences and good practice, both  among responsible public 
authorities  and  among tourism  operators  in  the Member  States; 

encouraging  operations  and  projects  of  a  European  dimension  which  are  of  a 
demonstrative  character  and clearly  prove exemplary  European-wide. 

In order to ensure a sound and efficient  management of the programme, the Commission  will 
rigorously evaluate all the measures undertaken. The Commission  will  select  indicators0 4) to 
ensure effective  implementation,  monitoring  and  evaluation  throughout,  namely: 

analysing the effectiveness  of actions taken notably on the basis of cost/benefit  criteria; 

strengthening procedures relating to the selection and monitoring of studies and projects; 

using  performance  indicators  for  each  type  of  action  planned,  in  relation  to  the 
objectives  to  which  it  refers. 

In addition, intermediate  monitoring  and final  evaluation  reports will  be produced,  the latter 
based  on  an  external  source. 

The reinforcement of the consultation process (involving both the Member States, the industry 
and  other  concerned  parties)  shall  also  contribute  to  a  more  transparent  and  effective 
monitoring  and implementation  of  the programme. 

SECTION  A.  OBJECTIVES  AND PROPOSED  ACTIONS 

A. 

IMPROVING  KNOWLEDGE  IN HIE  FIELD  OF TOURISM 

Accurate information is clearly required to enable correct decisions to be taken, both in  terms 
of investment by the private  sector  and the development  of policy  by the public sector.  This 
is  especially  the  case  in  tourism  given  its  continued  rapid  growth,  its  volatility,  the 
transnational  nature  of  the  industry  and  the  potential  of  its  impacts  (both  negative  and 
positive).  Much  of  the  current  information  often  remains  dispersed  and  is  still  neither 
adequately disseminated nor fully  exploited. The effective  dissemination of data once gathered 
is also  a priority  for  this programme. 

In  order  to  improve  knowledge  on  European  tourism  a  diverse  range  of  information  is 
required.  This includes: 

comparable  statistical  data  to  enable  accurate  tracking  and  analysis  of  pan-European 
tourism  figures,  expenditure, flows,  trends, tourist  types, etc.; 

market research  to identify  and  assess existing  and  emerging  market  opportunities; 

research based  information  of  a technical  nature to assist with the development  and/or 
management  of  tourism; 

(14)  For  a  detailed  presentation,  see  point  9.3  of  the  Financial  Statement  annexed  to 

the proposal. 

applied  information  of  a:technical  nature  on  current  good  practice,  management  issues, 
demonstration  projects,  new  ways  of  working,  etc.; 

consumer based information  on quality  requirements, tourism business performance,  etc. 

This  information  is  required  for  a  diverse  group  of  sectors  and  bodies  within  tourism.  These 
include  ministries, national  tourist organizations,  regional  and  local  authorities, private  sector, 
tourism  trade  associations,  universities  and  research  establishments, and  so forth.  Much  of this 
type  of  information  is  not  yet  available  at  European  level. 

An  improvement  in  knowledge  of  tourism  at  European  level  will  make  it  easier  to  analyse 
tourism  as  a broader  phenomenon,  ensure  the  integration  of  relevant  information,  and  allow 
for  a  systematic  assessment  of  Community  measures  affecting  tourism.  Through  this  type  of 
comprehensive  approach  the Commission  can  improve  the effectiveness  of  its tourism  related 
activities  and provide  decision  makers  with  a better  understanding  of tounsm  issues. A  central 
element  to  this  information  role  is  the  dissemination  of  the  information  obtained. 

A.  1  Developing  tourism  related  information 

The  work  undertaken  since  1990  by  the  Commission,  in  cooperation  with  EU  and  EFTA 
Member  States  has  resulted  in  significant  progress,  first  the  development  of  statistical 
indicators  for  tourism  and  second,  on  the  establishment  of  a  specific  Community-wide 
statistical  framework.  The  1995  Directive0'1  on  the  collection  of  statistical 
information 
provides  a  basis  for  a  European  statistical  system  for  tourism.  This  Directive  is  now  being 
implemented  with  the  support  of  the  Commission  by  Member  States.  It is proposed  to  further 
develop  this  by  making  the  data  more  accessible  and  user  friendly.  In  addition  a new  annual 
tounsm  survey  will  be  incorporated  into  'Eurobarometer'  and this  will  provide  further  general 
data  complementing  that  provided  by  the  Directive.  Further  research  will  be produced  where 
appropriate  after  a  further  analysis  of  needs  and  in  partnership  with  the  industry  bodies 
concerned  where  relevant. 

Action 

Consolidation  of  the  European  statistical  system  for  tourism,  improving  the  availability 
of  reliable  and  up-to-date  statistics. 

Development  of  surveys,  studies  and  desk/field  analyses,  taking  into  account  the  needs 
of  the  tourism  industry. 

A.2  Pooling  tourism  information  from  other sources 

Many  organizations  are  involved  in  the  provision  of  technical  tourism  information.  This  is 
produced  by  local/regional/national 
tourist  organizations,  national/European  professional 
associations,  major  companies,  research  centers,  experts  associations,  documentation  services 
and  international  organizations  such  as the  World  Tourism  Organization,  the  OECD,  Unesco 
and  the  Council  of  Europe.  Effective  access to  and  dissemination  of  much  of  this  information 
can  be  difficult  and  so  it  does  not  always  benefit  a  wide  public.  It  is  proposed  to  establish  a 
European  Research  and  Documentation  Network  to  collect  existing  information  and  provide 
a  means  to  disseminate  this  more  widely.  This  Network  would  be  charged  with  the  following 
types  of  activity: 

developing  a  comprehensive  database  of  tourism  related  publications  and  other 
information; 

providing  a  reference  point  for  all  EU  information  on  tourism; 

(15)  O J No  L  291,  6.12.1995. 

10 

distributing  other  relevant  information  in  agreement  with  relevant  participating  bodies: 

providing  an  advisory  service  for  those  seeking  specialist  advice. 

The  Network  would  gather  together  a  range  of  providers  and  via  electronic  and  other  means 
allow  for  the  better  dissemination  of  research  to  all  interested  parties  Specifically  it  will 

assist  in  the  identification  of  issues  which  have  not  yet  been  adequately  studied  and 
allow  relevant  action  to  be  taken  by  the  Commission, 

launch  further  actions  to  address  any  problems  identified; 

ensure  that  research  produced  at  Community  level  is  complementary,  avoids 
duplication,  and  makes  the  best  use  of  available  information  and  resources. 

Action 

Establishment  of  a  European  research  and  documentation  network  on  tourism. 

A.  3  Facilitating  the  assessment  of  Community  measures  affecting  tourism 

Actions  on  tourism  taken  under  other  Community  programmes  have  considerable  relevance 
for  the  industry.  However,  as  the  central  policy  areas  under  which  this  support  is  given  are 
often  of  a  broader  context,  tourism  is  not  always  considered  in  the  most  effective  manner 
possible. 

Given the diverse nature of tourism  many  instruments  of Community  policy have the  potential 
to  affect  the industry  to  a large  degree. These effects  cannot  always  be  foreseen  with  accuracy 
and  may  serve  in  the long  term  to  reduce  Europe's  competitive  position.  Coordination  of  the 
various  programmes  affecting  tourism  should  be  continued  and  consolidated  in  compliance 
with  current  rules  and  internal  procedures. 

With  the  objective  of  improving  the  impact  of  legislation  and  instruments  which  directly  and 
indirectly  affect  tourism  this  proposal  provides  the  means  to: 

assess  the  appropriateness  of  any  relevant  measures  and  to  react  in  accordance  with  the 
standard  decision-making  process; 

guarantee  the  coherence  of  Community  measures  as  a  whole; 

enhance  the  efficacy  of  these  measures  in  practice. 

The  accent  will  be  placed  on  the  collection,  selection  and  dissemination  of  information  via 
the  establishment  of  a  legal  and  financial  watch  enabling  the  Commission,  in  collaboration 
with  all  the  parties  concerned,  to  closely  monitor  the  impact  of  the  proposals  and  decisions 
of  the  various  Community  institutions  on  the  competitiveness  of  European  tourism. 

The  number  and  diversity  of  these  measures  affecting  tourism  are  sufficient  grounds  for  the 
establishment  of  a  system  of  this  kind,  which,  in  addition,  would  raise  awareness  on 
Community  activity  and  facilitate  strategic  decisions  by  both  public  and  private  tourism 
operators. 

Action 

Establishment  of  a  legal  and  financial  watch  for 
Community  measures  affecting  tourism. 

the  systematic  assessment  of 

If 

In  summary,  community  actions  for  improving  the  knowledge  of  tourism  will  have  five 
principal  advantages: 

effective  pooling  of  information  currently  available  at  many  different  levels; 

easier  and  more  accurate  identification  of  needs  for  further  analysis; 

reduced  duplication  of  effort  and  greater  complementarity  of  research  produced  at 
Community  level; 

impartiality  in  the  production  and  dissemination  of  information; 

enhancement  of  the  multiplier  effect  through  economies  of  scale. 

B. 

IMPROVING  THE  LEGISLATIVE  AND  FINANCIAL  ENVIRONMENT  FOR 
TOURISM 

B.l.  Reinforcing  cooperation  with  Member States,  the  industry  and other  stakeholders 

A  precondition  for 
increasing  the  competitiveness  of  European  tourism  is  securing  a 
"tourism-friendly"  environment.  Broadly  this  can  be  defined  as  one  where  the  importance  of 
tourism  is  recognized;  where  appropriate  policies  are  implemented,  and  where  other  related 
legislative  and  financial  instruments  are  fully  taken  into  account. 

The  diverse  nature  of  tourism  is  such  that  it  involves  different  types  of  activities  covering 
over  100  different  branches  which  channel  tourism  spending  throughout  the  economy. 
Businesses  range  from  a  small  number  of  large  multinational  companies  to  an  enormous 
number  of  SMEs.  Additionally  tourism  is  subject  to  certain  other  aspects  such  as  a  heavy 
reliance  on  the  use  of  both  public  goods  and  infrastructure. 

in 

involved 

the  players 

this 
tourism  can 
None  of 
"tourism  friendly"  environment.  Partly,  success  is  dependent  upon  the  establishment  and 
development  of  partnerships  which  cut  across  and  bring  together  various  levels  and  sectors. 
It  is  currently  often  difficult  for  operators  and  organizations  on  the  ground  to  provoke  and 
influence  these  partnerships  because  of  the  diversity  of  the  industry  and  the  often  weak 
vertical  and  horizontal  linkages  between  and  within  sectors. 

independently,  create 

therefore, 

A  culture  of  partnership  throughout  the  many  levels  and  sectors  of  tourism  has  only  been 
practiced  successfully  in  a  limited  fashion  and  has  yet  to  become  a  widely  used  principle. 
Clearly  there  is  a  need  to  stimulate  cooperation  and  coordination  given  the  many  bodies 
involved  and  the  potential  for  synergy 
together  with  greater 
effectiveness.  Transnational  partnerships  offer  a  real  opportunity  to  start  this  process  on  a 
European  scale.  In  particular  this  proposal  seeks  to  develop  the  following: 

if  they  were 

to  work 

an  extension  of  the  function  of the  Advisory  Committee  which  was  established  in  1986 
to  facilitate  information  exchange,  consultation  and  cooperation,  so that  it can  assist  the 
Commission  in  the  implementation  of  the  programme. 

regular  meetings  on  established  major  parts  of  the  industry,  to  promote  public/private 
partnership  actions  at  national,  regional  and  local  level; 

topic  specific  meetings  with  representatives  of  the  main  European  organizations  and/or 
leading  companies  in  Europe,  on  technical  matters; 

specific  working  groups,  drawing  together  experts  from  different  bodies,  to  ensure 
effective  technical  assistance  in  the  implementation  of  elements  of  this  Programme. 

12 

This framework  aims to depart from  the  sector  specific  approach  common  in  tourism  and  give 
the  opportunity  for  those  involved  to  combine  efforts  with  greater  effect  and  find  solutions 
to  current  problems.  In  addition  this  type  of  cooperation  can  offer  real  prospects  of  tackling 
common  issues  which  are  found  across  many  or  all  Member  States.  When  this  approach  is 
combined  with  expertise  from  the Commission  and other  specific  actions contained  in  this and 
other  Programmes  the  positive  effects  could  be  considerable. 

While  this  programme  is  concerned  primarily  with  the  competitiveness  of  European  tourism 
there  is  a need  to  address  other  wider  issues,  such  as that  relating  to  so  called  "sex  tourism"', 
which  continue  to  have  a  negative  effect  on  the  image  of  the  industry 

In  this  respect,  and  given  the  grave  concerns  felt  in  the  international  community  by  the 
persistence  of  organized  "sex  tourism"  involving  children,  particular  care  should  be  taken  in 
drafting  and  strengthening 
industry's  code  of  conduct  and  self-regulatory 
mechanisms  against  such  practices,  as  well  as  supporting  initiatives  to  prevent  them 

the  tourist 

Action 

Organization  and  follow-up  of  regular  meetings  with  the  parties  concerned,  to  reinforce 
initiatives 
cooperation  at  European 
(technical/thematic  meetings,  round-tables,  European  fora). 

level  and  to  raise  awareness  of  Community 

C.  RAISING  QUALITY  IN  EUROPEAN  TOURISM 

Given  the existence  of other  Community  policies  which  have  already  in their  remit  taken  into 
account  certain  tourism  related  issues, priority  will  be given  to  promoting  sustainable  tounsm 
and  removing  obstacles  to  tourism  development. 

C I.  Promoting  sustainable  tourism 

Tourism  appears  quite  different  in  comparison  with  other  European  industries.  First,  tourism 
activities  are  diffused,  involving  every  region  of  the  Union.  Second,  tourist  attractions  are 
often  concentrated  in  certain  zones,  often  subject  to  intense  seasonal  use  and  development 
pressure.  The  successful  development  of  tourism,  notably  in  terms  of  local  development  and 
job  creation'I6), is dependent  upon  the  ability  of  those  responsible,  to  manage  its growth  Only 
an  attractive  range  of  services  in  surroundings  offering  natural  and  cultural  attractions  will 
in  the  long  term  ensure,  a viable  tourism  development.  Hence,  the necessity  of  making  much 
more  rational  use  of  Europe's  natural  and  cultural  heritage 

The  implementation  of  sustainable  development  in  European  tourism  is  of  vital  importance. 
This issue has been specifically  recognized in other Community  programmes particularly  those 
relating  to  environment  and  culture.  Due  note  will  be  taken  of  the  'European  Spatial 
Development  Perspective ('ESDP')  where one of the  main  priorities  is the wise and  sustainable 
management  of  natural  and  cultural  heritage 

There  is  also  a need  here  to  consider  the  special  circumstances  which  surround  the  cohesion 
countries.  This  is particularly  the  case  in  their  less  developed  regions  where  tourism  is  often 
identified  as  one  of  the  central  planks  of  development  policy.  Due  regard  will  be  taken 
therefore  of  the  special  needs  of  these  regions  when  implementing  the  following  actions 

Strategic  and  integrated  planning  at  appropriate  levels,  together  with  the  use  of  technical 
"tools"  to  address  particular  problems,  can  make  an  important  contribution  to  the  sustainable 
and  balanced  development  of  tourism.  While  much  research  has  been  undertaken  on  how  to 
progress  towards  a  more  sustainable  tourism,  much  now  needs  to  be  done  to  encourage  the 
practical  application  of  the  concept. 

(16) 

See  Commission  Communication  on  A  European  strategy  for  encouraging 
development  and  employment  initiatives,  OJ  No  C  265,  12.10.1995,  p  3. 

local 

13 

At  local  level,  a  range  of  techniques  can  be  applied,  reconciling  tourism  development  and 
protection  of  natural  and  cultural  heritage,  which  helps  to  tackle  the  problem  of  the 
concentration  of  tourism  in  space  and  time.  In  order  to  improve  the  efficiency  of  such  tools, 
attention  shall  be  paid  to: 

access  to  expertise  developed  outside  the  area  concerned,  exchange  of  experiences  and 
transfer  of  know-how; 

regular  reporting  on  the  pressures  and  effects  of  tourism  on  natural  and  cultural 
resources  on  the  basis  of  permanent  and  systematic  observations; 

involvement  of  the  local  population  as  well  as the  tourism  interests  with  the  definition 
and  the  implementation  of  tourism  development  policy. 

It  is  appropriate  therefore  to  encourage  exemplary  local  initiatives  geared  towards  sound 
management  of  visitor  flows,  while  at  the  same  time  stimulating  networking  of  these 
initiatives.  This would  allow for  the  effective  transregional  and/or  transnational  dissemination 
of  best  practices. 

The  added  value  of  these  actions  consists  in  the  dissemination  of  best  practices  and  the 
multiplier  effects,  which  will  be  developed  through  networking. 

In  addition,  it is essential  to  encourage  individual  operators- or  groups of operators  -  to  adopt 
environmental  measures as far  as their  immediate  "territory"  is concerned.  Incentive  measures 
can  encourage  the  implementation  of  innovative  good  practice  in  the  field  of  sustainable 
tourism  and,  more  precisely,  in  terms  of  environmentally  friendly  management  systems  in 
tourist  accommodations. 

Lastly, the development  of  sustainable  tourism  will be  encouraged  by  stimulating  competition 
amongst  tourism  destinations.  The  organization  of  a  "European  Prize  for  Tourism  and 
Environment"  (every  two years)  will  help  to identify  the best  initiatives  and publicising  them. 
This  will  contribute  to  raise  awareness  of  both  operators  and  the  general  public  on  the 
importance  of  a  rational  use  of  natural  and  cultural  resources. 

Such  concrete  and targeted  actions, although  limited to the field  of tourism,  should  ensure  the 
practical  application  of  the  sustainable  tourism  development  concept. 

Action 

Support  for  local  initiatives  geared  towards  sound  management  of  visitor  flows  and 
encouragement  of  their  networking. 

Support  for  the  implementation  of  environmentally  friendly  management  systems  in 
tourist  accommodations. 

Organization  of  a "European  Prize for  Tourism  and the  Environment"  (every  two years). 

C.2  Removing  obstacles  to  Tourism  development 

The  issue  of  quality  is  connected  with  the  large  variety  of  products  offered  to  the  tourist. 
Europe  has  great  appeal  because  of  its  great  diversity  of  cultures,  landscapes,  history  and 
peoples. 

During  the  last  years  several  elements  have  influenced  the  development  of  tourism,  such  as: 

more  disposable  income,  greater  independence,  more  leisure  time; 

more  numerous  holidays  of  a  shorter  duration; 

14 

a  growing  sophistication  as  tourists  explore  new  areas  and  demand  more  variety  in 
holiday  choice  and  the  availability  of  more  activities  during  holidays; 

These  have  provided  an  impetus  to  tourism  development  and  resulted  in  a  series  of  specific 
forms  of  tourism  (health,  business,  cultural,  rural,  urban  tourism  etc.).  Yet  these  forms  of 
tourism  are  facing  difficulties  for  their  integration  into  the  tourism  system. 

In  order  to  remove  the  obstacles  faced  by  these  forms  of  tourism,  the  actions  will  consist  of 
the  identification  of  these  obstacles  and  the  evaluation  of  their  impact,  opening  the  way  to 
the  development  of  projects  which  will  provide  European-wide  solutions  which 
are  transferable. 

The  further  development  of  these  forms  of  tourism  grants  a  series  of  new  advantages  to 
European  tourism: 

satisfaction  of  the  new  needs  and  requirements  of  the  tourists, 

solutions  to  the  problems  of  the  concentration  of  tourists  in  space  and  time, 

development  of  some  regions  and  areas  of  the  Union, 

support  to  traditional 

tourism  activities,  and 

creation  of  new  professions  and  new  services. 

Moreover  such  an  action  can  contribute  significantly 
the 
competitiveness  of  the  European  tourism  as  a  whole,  both  because  it  demonstrates  the  great 
variety  of  the  European  tourist  products  (i.e.  the  majority  of  the  Americans  tourists  comes  to 
Europe  mainly  for  cultural  reasons)  and  because  it  will  help  to  win  a  greater  share  of  the 
world  market  (i.e.  business,  health  tourism). 

improvement  of 

the 

to 

Another  issue  which  can  be  dealt  with  successfully  -  Community-wide  -  is  the  access  of 
different  groups  within  the  population  (  youth,  elderly  and  disabled  people)  to  tourism. 

In  this  context,  it  is  vital  to  take  account  of  the  expectations  expressed  more  particularly  by 
these  "categories"  of  tourists  with  a  view  to  making  tourism  more  accessible  to  them,  since 
by  helping  to  eliminate  the  physical  and  psychological  obstacles  to  mobility,  Community 
action  can  help  to  extend  tourism  to  these  "categories". 

The  fulfilment  of the  specific  needs of  these  groups  of  tourists  can  contribute  substantially  to 
the  improvement  of  the  quality  of  European  tourism  as  well  as  to  the  strengthening  of  the 
solidarity  between  the  citizens  of  the  Union. 

The  action  of  the  Community  will  concentrate  on  the  identification  of  the  problems  faced  by 
these  groups  in  accessing  tourism,  as  well  as the  development  of  projects  which  will  provide 
innovative  and  transferable  solutions. 

In  both  fields,  the  action  of  the  Community  can  bring  important  added  value,  because  it  is 
about  matters  which  concern  all  Member  States  It  is  worthy  to  underline  here  that  similar 
kinds  of  actions  have  been  undertaken  during  the  Action  Plan  in  favour  of  tourism,  with 
considerable  success. 

Action 

Identification  of  the  principal  obstacles  at  European  level  faced  by  various  forms  of 
tourism  as  well  as  by  specific  categories  of  tourists  (such  as young  people,  the  elderly 
and  disabled  people),  development  of  appropriate  responses. 

15 

D. 

INCREASING  THE  NUMBER  OF TOURISTS  FROM  THIRD  COUNTRIES 

D.l.  Promoting  Europe  as  a tourist  destination 

Measures  which  address  specific  markets,  namely  promoting  Europe  as  a tourist  destination, 
are an  important  element  in the  effort  to  attract  tourists  from  third  countries  to  our  Continent. 

There  is  a  proven  and  accepted  role  for  the  public  sector  in  the  promotion  of  tourism.  This 
can  be  undertaken  at  local  or  regional  levels,  as  well  as  at  national  and  transnational  levels. 
The  public  sector  finds  it essential  to  provide  a supportive  role to the private  sector,  primarily 
because  of  the  diverse  and  sectoral  nature  of  the  industry  which  can  prevent  coherent 
'branding' or precise messages to be  effectively  established  in third  country  markets. This  role 
is  undertaken  in  most  cases  by  the  NTO's  which  run  their  own  marketing  actions. 

Whilst  it  is  entirely  logical  that  a  function  of  an  NTO  is to  market  a  country  and  its  regions, 
it  is also  recognized  that  countries  can  work  effectively  together  to  market  a  "supra-national" 
destination.  'Europe' is accepted  as such  a destination  by  both  established  markets, such  as the 
USA,  and  others  which  demonstrate  rapid  growth,  such  as  Japan. 

The  present  situation  is  that  each  Member  State  runs  its  own  marketing  actions.  Parallel  to 
this, the European  Travel  Commission  (ETC) pursues its promotion  campaigns which  however 
cover  many  more  countries  than  the  Member  States  of  the  Union. 

It  is  precisely  this  situation  that  could  justify  campaigns  and  other  supporting  actions  at  the 
European  Union  level, which  would  highlight  the  attractiveness  of  Europe  and  greatly  benefit 
the  tourism  industry  of  the  EU. 

The  aim  of  any  actions  taken  will  not  be  to  replace  the  marketing  efforts  of  the  individual 
countries  of  Europe or  present  any  country  specific  promotional  material.  Rather  the  aim  will 
be  to  draw  thematically  on  the  great  diversity  and  pluralism  of  Europe  and  present  the  many 
opportunities  which  exist  for  visitors  from  third  countries. 

It  should  also  be  noted  that  the  celebrations  and  events  which  will  take  place  before  and 
during  the  Year  2000  will  provide  considerable  scope  for  increasing  tourist  numbers  from 
third  countries. 

The  type  of  action  proposed  can  therefore  be  described  as  providing  complementary 
framework  for  both  the  individual  actions  of  Member  States  and  the  private  sector.  These 
bodies  may  also  wish  to  complement  the  EU-wide  actions  by  linking  their  own  promotional 
efforts.  Actions  will  be  based  on  the  following  principles. 

longer  term  philosophy  and  commitment; 

a  focused  approach,  with  a  small  number  of  well  defined  actions; 

stimulation  of  industry  partnerships; 

EU  funds  will  act  as  "seed"  money  which  will  stimulate  further  financial  support 
(sponsorship)  and  therefore  add  value. 

The  Commission  will  work  in  close  cooperation  with  national  tourist  organizations  and  other 
European  tourist  promotion  bodies  such  as  the  ETC  regarding: 

the  definition  of  general  guidelines  for  promotion; 

development  and  implementation  of joint  operational  strategies; 

evaluation  of  measures,  including  spin-off  benefits,  on  other  levels  of  promotion. 

16 

Cooperation  between  the  Commission  and  its  partners  should  be  formalised  in  a  framework 
agreement  defining  the  terms  of  such  promotion 

In  the  interests  of  efficiency,  the  Commission's  participation  in  such  cooperation  should  be 
contingent  on  ail  partners  agreeing  on  a  qualified-majority  decision-making  procedure. 

Action 

Support  for  multiannual  promotional  campaigns  in  major  issuing  countries  and/or 
emerging  zones,  with  the  support  of  participating  sponsors. 

17 

Proposal  for  a 
COUNCIL  DECISION 

on  a First  Multiannual  Programme  to  Assist  European  Tourism 
"PHILOXENIA" 
(1997-2000) 

(Text  with  EEA  relevance) 

THE  COUNCIL  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article  235  thereof, 

Having  regard  to  the  proposal  from  the  Commission0}, 

Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  European  Parliament(2), 

Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  Economic  and  Social  Committee0', 

Having  regard  to  the  opinion  of  the  Committee  of  the  Regions(4), 

Whereas,  owing  to  the  growing  importance  and  to  the  nature  of  tourism  it  is  recognized  that 
it  can  contribute  to  the  achievement  of  the  objectives  of  the  Community  and  in  particular  to 
growth  and  employment,  to  the  reinforcement  of  economic  and  social  cohesion  and  to  the 
promotion  of  European  identity; 

Whereas  Community  measures 
competitiveness  of 
European  tourism,  integrating  at  the  same  time  the  satisfaction  of  tourists'  needs  and  the 
rational  use of  natural,  infrastractural  and  cultural  resources, thus  contributing  to the  balanced 
and  sustainable  development  of  tourism; 

stimulate  quality 

should 

and 

Whereas on  13 July  1992 the Council  adopted Decision  92/421/EEC(5) on  a Community  action 
plan  to  assist  tourism  (1993-1995),  which  expired  on  31  December  1995; 

to  the 
Whereas,  in  the  framework  of  that  Decision,  the  Commission  has  submitted 
European  Parliament, 
the 
Committee  of  the Regions  annual  reports on  Community  measures  affecting  tourism  for  1993 
and  1994; 

the  Economic  and  Social  Committee  and 

the  Council, 

Whereas,  in  the  framework  of  that  Decision,  the  Commission  has  submitted 
European  Parliament, 
Committee  of  the  Regions  an  evaluation 
implementation  of  the  Action  Plan  to  Assist  Tourism; 

the  Economic  and  Social  Committee  and 
including  an  external  audit,  on 

the  Council, 

report, 

to  the 
the 
the 

( i) 

(2) 

O) 

(4) 

OJ  No  L  231,  13.8.1992,  p.  26. 

18 

Whereas  the  Commission  has  adopted  a Green  Paper  on  the  role  of  the  Union  in  the  field  of 
tourism,  stimulating  a  deep  and  wide  consultation  process,  whose  conclusions  presented  on 
the  occasion  of  the  Forum  on  European  Tourism  of  8  December  1995  show  that  a  consensus 
does  exist  as  to  the  desirability  of  ensuring  the  continuity  of  Community  action  in  the  fieid 
of  tourism,  the  need  to  rationalize  it  and  the  possibility  of  deepening  it; 

in 

Parliament, 

the  European 

its  Resolutions 

18  January  1994(6, 
Whereas 
15 December  1994(7),  and  13  February  1996(8),  and  the  Economic  and  Social  Committee,  in 
its  initiative  opinion  of  15  September  1994(<)) and  its  Opinion  of  14  September  1995(l0),  have 
confirmed  the  need  to  strengthen  Community  action  to  assist  tourism  and  have  called  for  a 
genuine  medium-  and  long-term  tourism  strategy;  whereas  the  Committee  of  the  Regions,  in 
its  Opinion  of  16  November  1995(n),  takes  the  view  that  a  more  active,  better  coordinated 
Community  contribution  is  necessary  to  cope  with  the  dynamic  development  of  tourism  and 
the  scope  of  tourist  activities; 

of 

Whereas  it  is  essential  that  there  should  be  coherence  and  complementarity  between  the 
actions to be carried out  under this programme  and the other  relevant Community  programmes 
and  initiatives  affecting  tourism, 

Whereas  the  Commission 
is  to  be  assisted  by  the  Advisory  Committee  established  by 
Council  Decision  86/664/EEC(12),  whereas,  accordingly,  the Committee  set  up by  Article  3(2) 
of  Decision  92/421/EEC  should  be  abolished; 

Whereas  the  measures  set  out  in  this  Decision,  complying  with  the  principle  of  subsidiarity 
established  by  the  second  paragraph  of  Article  3b  of  the  Treaty,  contribute  -  through 
cooperation  and coordination  - added value to efforts  pursued by interested  parties at the local, 
regional,  national  and  international  level,  thus  allowing  European  tourism  to  overcome  its 
weaknesses  and  to  exploit  its  vast  potential; 

Whereas  the  improvement  of  knowledge  in  the  field  of  tourism  should  be  fostered  by  the 
Community  in order  to enable  decision  makers to  improve  the planning  of their  strategies  and 
to  assess  the  impact  of  their  implementation; 

Whereas  a  legislative  and  financial  environment  conducive  to  tourism  should  be  secured, 
through  reinforced  cooperation,  in  order  to  foster  the  performance  of  European  tourism; 

Whereas  quality  in  European  tourism  should  be  enhanced  by  the  Community 
through 
innovative  schemes  and  incentives,  with  a  view  to  the  promotion  of  sustainable  tourism  and 
to  the  removal  of  obstacles  to  its  development; 

Whereas  the  promotion  of  Europe  as  a tourist  destination  should  contribute  to  an  increase  in 
the  number  of  tourists  from  third  countries; 

Whereas,  due  to  the  importance  of  tourism  for  the  associated  countries  of  Central  and 
Eastern  Europe  as  well  as  for  Cyprus  and  Malta,  this  programme  is  to  be  open  to 
those  countries; 

(6) 

(7) 

(8) 

(9) 

(10) 

(11) 

(12) 

OJ  No  C  44,  14.2  1994,  p. 61. 
OJ  No  C  18, 23.1.1995,  p.  159. 
OJ  No  C 
OJ  No  C  393,  31.12.1994,  p.  168. 
OJ  No  C  301,  13.11.1995,  p.  68. 
O J N oC 
OJ  No  L  384,  31.12.1986,  p.  52. 

19 

Whereas  special  attention  will  be  paid  to  the  actions  and  initiatives  taken  in  the  field  of 
tourism  in the framework  of  Euro-Mediterranean  cooperation,  as reflected  in the Barcelona 
declaration  and work programme  adopted on  27 and 28 November  1995; 

Whereas, taking into account the evaluation on the implementation of the previous action plan 
to assist tourism and of the Community  experience gained to date in this field,  it is therefore 
necessary  to  adopt  a multiannual  programme  for  a four-year  period  and to  endow  it  with 
sufficient  resources to attain  its objectives; 

Whereas the Treaty provides  no powers other than those  in  Article  235  for the adoption of 
this Decision, 

HAS DECIDED  AS FOLLOWS 

Article 1 

A Multiannual  Programme to  Assist  European Tourism  (PHILOXENIA)  is hereby  adopted 
for a period of four years from  1 January  1997. 

Article 2 

1.  The programme referred to in Article  1, incorporating the actions specified in the Annex 
shall, through coordination and cooperation, seek generally to stimulate the quality and 
competitiveness of European tourism, in order to contribute to growth and employment. 

The specific  objectives of the programme  are the following: 

to improve  knowledge  in the field  of tourism; 

- 

to improve the legislative  and financial  environment for tourism; 

to raise the quality  of  European tourism; 

to increase the number of  tourists from  third countries. 

2.  The budget authority shall determine the appropriations available for each financial year. 

Article 3 

1.  Criteria  for  granting  Community  financial  ai<J,  other  than  those  stated  in  the 

second paragraph of  Article  3b of the Treaty, shall  include those relating to: 

cost-efficiency; 

a partnership  approach, as far as possible of trans-national  character; 

a significant  impact on Community tourism or, at least, transferability at this level; 

regard for the principle of  sustainable  development. 

2.  The actions shall be implemented through coordination with the national authorities and, 
if necessary, with the regional  and/or local  authorities as well, so as to take account of 
the importance of tourism  for regional  and/or local  development. 

The following  shall  be adopted  in accordance  with the procedure  defined  in Article 5(2): 

Article 4 

the priorities for the selection  of actions; 

20 

the  procedures  for  the  submission  of  requests  for  Community  assistance; 

in  exceptional  circumstances,  the  Community  assistance  to  be  granted  for  actions  other 
than  those  listed  in  the  Annex,  when  they  meet  the  objectives  set  out  in  Article  2  and 
are  compatible  with  the  priorities  referred  to  in  the  first  indent. 

Article  5 

The  Commission  shall  be  assisted  by  the  Advisory  Committee  in  the  field  of  tourism 
set  up  by  Decision  86/664/EEC.  The  committee  set  up  by  Article  3(2)  of 
Decision  92/421/EEC  is  abolished. 

The  representative  of  the  Commission  shall  submit  to  the  committee  a  draft  of  the 
measures  to  be  taken.  The  committee  shall  deliver  its  opinion  on  the  draft,  within  a 
time-limit  which  the  chairman  may  lay  down  according  to  the  urgency  of  the  matter,  if 
necessary  by  taking  a  vote. 

The  opinion  shall be recorded  in the minutes; in  addition,  each  Member  State shall  have 
the  right  to  ask  to  have  its  position  recorded  in  the  minutes. 

The  Commission  shall  take  the  utmost  account  of  the  opinion  delivered  by  the 
committee.  It  shall  inform  the  committee  of  the  manner  in  which  its  opinion  has  been 
taken  into  account. 

Article  6 

This  programme  shall  be  open  to  the  participation  of  the  associated  countries  of 
Central  and  Eastern  Europe  in  accordance  with  the  conditions  laid  down  in  the 
additional  protocols  to  the  association  agreements  on  participation  in  Community 
programmes  to  be  concluded  with  those  countries. 

This  programme  shall  be  open  to  Cyprus  and  Malta  on  the  basis  of  additional 
appropriations 
the 
EFTA  countries  being  parties  to  the  EEA  Agreement,  in  accordance  with  procedures  to 
be  agreed  with  those  countries. 

in  accordance  with 

the  same  rules  as 

those  applicable 

to 

1 

2. 

1. 

2. 

Article  7 

Every  year  from  the  date  of  adoption  of  the  programme,  the  Commission  shall  present  the 
principal  measures  affecting 
tourism  which  have  been  adopted  or  carried  out  by 
the  Community,  in  a  report  to  the  European  Parliament,  the  Council,  the  Economic  and 
Social  Committee  and  the  Committee  of  the  Regions. 

Article  8 

The  Commission  shall  regularly  evaluate  the  results  of  the  programme.  This  evaluation  shall 
include  wherever  possible  the  measurable  results  of  the  programme  and  shall  observe  the 
criteria  set  out  in  Article  3.  On  the  basis  of  this  evaluation  process,  the  Commission  shall 
present  to  the  European  Parliament  and  to  the  Council  -  and  for  information 
to  the 
Economic  and  Social  Committee  and  to  the  Committee  of  the  Regions  -  an  interim  report, 
no  later  than  three  years  from  the  beginning  of  the  programme,  and  a  final  report  within 
twelve  months  from  the  end  of  the  programme. 

Done  at  Brussels, 

For  the  Council 
The  President 

21 

ANNEX 

ACTIONS  IN  FAVOUR  OF  EUROPEAN  TOURISM 

A. 

Improving  knowledge  in  the  field  of  tourism 

A.l  Developing  tourism  related  information 

Consolidation  of  the  European  statistical  system  for  tourism,  improving  the 
availability  of  reliable  and  up-to-date  statistics. 

Development  of  surveys,  studies  and  desk/field  analyses,  taking  into  account  the 
tourism  industry  needs. 

A.2  Pooling  tourism  information  from  other  sources 

Establishment  of  a  European  research  and  documentation  network  on  tourism. 

A.3  Facilitating  the  assessment  of  Community  measures  affecting  tourism 

Establishment  of  a  legal  and  financial  watch  allowing  for 
assessment  of  Community  measures  affecting  tourism. 

the  systematic 

B. 

Improving  the  legislative  and  financial  environment  for  tourism 

B.l.  Reinforcing  cooperation  with  Member States,  the  Industry  and  other stakeholder 

Organization  and  follow-up  of  regular  meetings  with  the  parties  concerned,  to 
reinforce  cooperation  at  European  level  and  to  raise  awareness  of  Community 
initiatives  (technical/thematic  meetings,  round-tables,  European  fora). 

C.  Raising  quality  in  European  tourism 

C.l.  Promoting  sustainable  tourism 

Support  for  local  initiatives  geared  towards  sound  management  of  visitor  flows 
and  encouragement  of  their  networking. 

Support  for  the  implementation  of  environmentally  friendly  management  systems 
in  tourist  accommodations. 

Organization  of  a  "European  Prize  for  Tourism  and  Environment"  (every 
two  years). 

C.2  Removing  obstacles  to  tourism  development 

Identification  of  the  principal  obstacles  at  European  level  faced  by  various  forms 
of  tourism  as  well  as  by  specific  categories  of  tourists  (such  as young  people,  the 
elderly  and  disabled  people),  development  of  appropriate  responses. 

D. 

Increasing  the  number of  tourists  from  third  countries 

D.l  Promoting  Europe  as  a tourist  destination 

Support  for  multiannual  promotional  campaigns  in  major  issuing  countries  and/or 
emerging  zones,  with  the  support  of  participating  sponsors. 

22 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

1.  Tide of operation 

Proposal  for  a  Council  Decision  on  a  First  Multiannual  Programme  to  Assist 
European  Tourism  (1997-2000)  -  PHILOXENIA 

2.  Budget heading  involved 

B5  -  325 

3.  Legal  basis 

Article  235 EC 

4.  Description of operation 

4.1  General  objective 

Stimulate quality  and competitiveness of European tourism, in order to  contribute 
to growth  and  employment. 

4.2  Period covered 

Four years:  1997-2000 

5.  Classification  of expenditure  or revenue 

5.1  Non-compulsory expenditure 

5.2  Differentiated  appropriations 

6.  Type of expenditure 

Subsidy  for joint financing  (up to 60% of eligible  expenses)with  other  sources in 
the public and/or private sector.  Subsidy  allocated  following  selection  of  projects 
presented  on  the  basis  of  call  for  proposals  regularly  published 
in  the 
Official  Journal  of the European  Communities. 

Purchases or subsidies for  actions (up to  100%) to be undertaken  on behalf of the 
Commission  which,  because  of  their  specific  scope,  could  not  be  realized 
otherwise,  such  as  studies,  meetings,  information  and  publications  tools  for 
dissemination  of  results  of  Community  activity  in the  field  of  tourism. 

Expenditure allocated following  selection of projects presented on the basis of call 
for  tender  or  for  proposals  regularly  published  in  the  Official  Journal  of  the 
European  Communities. 

The  total  amount  of  the  latter  expenditure  shall  not  exceed  30%  of  the  total 
amount  requested  for  implementing  the  programme. 

23 

7. 

Financial  impact 

7.1  Method  of  calculating  total  cost  of  operation  (relation  between  individual  and 

total  costs) 

The  estimation  of  the cost  is based  on  both: the  experience  gained to  date  in the 
implementation  of  previous  financial  years  as  assessed  following  the  evaluation 
of  the  Action  Plan  to  Assist  Tourism  (Council  Decision  92/42l/EEC),  and  on a 
more  rationalized  use of  resources  following  a focused  approach  for  action. 

The  method  of  calculating  total  cost  is  based  on  a  detailed  estimation  and 
evaluation  of  the  needs  for  each  of  the  specific  actions  presented  hereinafter, 
taking  into  account  the  specific  nature  and  scope of  the  action  concerned. 

24 

7.2 

Itemized breakdown of  cost 

indicative  amounts 

Breakdown 

Commitment appropriations 
ECU million 
(at current prices) 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

T O T AL 

A.  Improving  knowledge  in fhr  ftrM  of  tourism 

Statistics,  survey,  studies 

European  network  of  tourism 

research  and  documentation  centers 

Legislative  &  financial  watch 

0.45 

0.25 

0.04 

0.53 

0.2 

0.5 

0.2 

0.5 

0.2 

1.980(a) 

0.85  (b) 

p.m. 

0.06 

p.m. 

0.1(c) 

B.  Improving  the  legislative  and  flu—rial  environment  for  tourism 

B.1  Reinforcing  coopération with  Member States, industry,  other  stakeholders 

Organization  and  follow-up  of 

0.35 

0.35 

0.40 

0.415 

1.515  (d) 

regular  meetings 

C.  Raising  quality  in  European  tourism 

CI  Promoting  sustainable  tourism 

Local  initiatives  on  visitor  flows  and 

2.0 

1.0 

p.m. 

Networking 

Environmentally  friendly 

management  systems 

European  Prize  "Tourism  & 

environment" 

0.5 

p.m. 

C.2  Removing  obstacles  to  tourism  development 

p.m. 

p.m. 

2.0 

0.5 

5.0  (e) 

1.0(f) 

1.0 

p.m. 

1.0 

20  (g) 

Promotion  of  best  practices 

0.455 

0.5 

1.0 

2.0 

3.955  (h) 

D.  Increasing  the  number of  tourists  ftom  thud  countries 

D.l  Promoting  Europe  as  a  tourist  distillation 

Promotion  campaigns 

TOTAL 

p.m. 

4.045 

3.6 

7.180 

4.0 

6.160 

1.0 

8.6  (i) 

7.615 

25.0 

(a)  Contribution for the cooperation with Eurostat of ECU 200 000 x year (1998-2000).  1997 already covered by  1995 engagements. 
Contribution for Eurobarometer, ten blocks of questions (cost per question ECU  10 000) for four surveys. Amount of ECU  200 000 
estimated for two studies per year. 12 publications envisaged in this framework for dissemination of information, cost per publication 
via OPOCE, on average ECU  15 000. 

(b)  Contribution for the establishment of a network and follow-up  ECU 250  000 first year, ECU 200 000 (per year) following years. 
(c)  Adaptation software  ECU 40 000 as technical support tool.  External evaluation implementation tourism programme  ECU  60 000. 
(d)  Paper/electronic  newsletter, cost per year  ECU 43  750  (ECU  175 000).  12 publications  guides, reports via  OPOCE, on  average 
ECU  15 000  (ECU  180 000).  Organization  of  yearly  European  Forum  (500/600  participants)  ECU  140 000  per  year  x  4 
(ECU  560 000).  Participation  to  different  major international  tourism  fairs  (stand and seminars  contribution)  12 x  ECU  50 000 
(ECU  600 000). 

(e)  Network  ECU  200 000; contribution to 20 major European projects (average per project ECU 240 000). 
(0  Contribution  for ten European projects (average per project  ECU  100 000). 
(g)  Amount  for  the  two  events:  contribution  to  Member  States  |UK,  F,  I,  E,  D  ECU  120 000  x 5;  1.  ECU 48  000:  others 

ECU 96 000  x 9, technical assistance consultant company  ECU 488 000. 

(h)  15 European projects (on average  ECU 263 000). 
(i)  Campaigns: 

ECU 8.6 million of sponsorship to be added (total amount campaign  ECU  17.2 million): 
1 066  666 contacts generated by daily press (cost per contact ECU 3)  ECU  3.2 million 
700 000 contacts generated by magazines (cost per contact ECU  10) 
582 666 contacts generated by Free phone calls (cost per contact ECU  12) -  ECU 7 nv'.ion (this shall represent about  10-15% of 
inbound tourism from Japan and from USA). 

ECU 7 million 

25 

7.3  Schedule  of  commitment  and  payment appropriations 

Commitment 
appropriations 
Payment 
appropriations 

1997 
1998 
1999 
2000 

following  years 
Total 

1997 
4.045 

1998 
7.180 

1999 
6.160 

ECU  million 
Total 
25.0 

2000 
7.615 

1.45 
1.4 
1.195 
p.m. 
p.m. 
4.045 

-
3.180 
2.5 
1.5 
p.m. 
7.180 

-
-
2.9 
2.0 
1.260 
6.160 

-
-
-
3.5 
4.115 
7.615 

1.45 
4.58 
6.595 
7.0 
' 
5.375 
25.0 

8. 

Fraud  prevention  measures 

Specific  control  measures  envisaged 

The  implementation  of  all  actions  for  which  Community  funding  is  foreseen,  is 
launched  through  the  publication  of  call  for  tenders  and  call  for  proposals  in  the 
Official  Journal. 

The  checking  of  the  receipt  of  projects,  furnishing  or  supplies  ordered  or  the 
correct  use  of  subsidies  is  carried  out  by  Commission  services  prior  to  payment 
and  taking  account  of  the  contractual  obligations  and  principles  of  economic  and 
sound  financial  and  global  management.  Anti  fraud  measure  (monitoring, 
submission  of  intermediary  and  final  reports,  etc.)  form  an  integral  part  of  all 
agreements  or  contracts  concluded  between  the  Commission  and  beneficiaries  of 
funds. 

9. 

Elements  of  cost-effectiveness  analysis 

9.1  Specific  and  quantified  objectives;  target  population 

The  objectives  and  actions  of  the  proposal  encompasses  the  results  of  both  the 
consultation  on  the  basis  of  the  Green  Paper  on  the  role  of  the  Union  in  the  field  of 
Tourism  [COM(95)  97  final  of  4  April  1995]  and  the  evaluation  of  the  1993-95 
Action  Plan  to  assist  tourism  based  on  an  independent  evaluation  conducted  by  an 
external  consultant. 

In  order  to ensure their  efficiency,  the  measures planned  under the proposed  programme 
give  pride  of  place  to  concertation  as  the  operating  principle  and  partnership  as  the 
operating  method. 

In  particular,  it  concerns  trigger  and  catalyst  actions,  which  seek  to  complement  and 
render  more  efficient  those  undertaken  within  the  framework  of  other  policies  and 
Community  programmes,  as  well  as  measures  taken  at  national  and  regional  level  The 
general  objective  and  the  specific  objectives  of  this  programme  must  be  seen  in  this 
context.  On the one hand,  they  take account of the responsibilities of each  administrative 
level  of  intervention  and  on  the  other  hand,  of  the  need  to  optimise  the  effects  of  the 
actions  undertaken  beyond  the  programme  in  question.  The  programme  thus  only 
represents  the  trigger  for  these  numerous  initiatives. 

26 

The proposed  actions  focus  on  the  technical  approach,  with  the  aim of: 

enabling  surveys  and  common 
European  tourism; 

interest  studies 

to  be  carried  out 

for 

promoting  exchanges  of  experiences  and  good  practice,  both  among  the 
responsible public authorities and among tourism operators in the Member States; 

encouraging  the  setting  up  of  operations  and  projects  which  have  are  of  a 
demonstrative  character,  exemplary  at European  scale. 

Target  population  ' 

In  principle,  action  envisaged  could  potentially  be  of  interest  to  the  entire  tourism 
industry  throughout  the  EU,  as  well  as  to  public  authorities  at  national,  regional  and 
local level. Activities directly  relating to tourism represent over nine million direct jobs 
(i.e. 6% of total employment), 5.5% of the GDP and one third of the exports in services. 
It  is  estimated  that  more  then  two  million  enterprises  are  directly  involved  in 
tourism  activities. 

In this framework,  and taking into account the human  and financial  resources available, 
so as to avoid a dispersion  of funds  and initiatives while maximizing their impact, these 
will  concentrate  on  medium/large  scale  actions  which  shall  involve the key  players in 
each  of 
the  domains  concerned.  For  example,  the  organization  of  a  yearly 
European  Forum  with  the  participation  of  over  500  major  decision  makers  in 
European  tourism as well as the consultation and involvement of the most representative 
tourism  professional  associations  and  organizations 
the 
European  level  in the tourism field), shall  ensure a direct  multiplier effect  on the whole 
represented  population;  as far  as  regional  authorities  are  concerned,  it is expected  that 
the  regions  which  are  most  dependent  on  tourism  activities  shall  benefit  from  the 
measures of the plan; the participation  in three of the major world tourism fairs and their 
follow  up  shall  ensure  broad  direct  contacts  with  visitors  and  exhibitors totalling  over 
300  000 people. 

(about  40  acting  at 

9.2  Grounds for the operation 

In general, the tourism  industry  is characterised  by  its heterogeneity  and the numerous 
actions to  assist tourism  by their  scattered  nature. It  is therefore  necessary  to  invest  in 
a programme  at Community  level  aimed  at encouraging  better  coordination  of actions. 

The  actions  foreseen  in  the framework  of the  proposed  programme  complement: 

measures  taken  at  national  level,  which  in  all  Member  States,  aim  to  stress  the 
economic and social  importance of tourism, to develop structural cohesion  and to 
encourage the  professional  representativity  of  this  activity,  whilst  improving  the 
quality  of  the service  offered  to  clients; 

the  general  measures  which  derive  from  the  competence  of  the  Community  or 
the  implementation  of 
(See  COM(96) 29  final  of 
5  February  1996). 

its  specific  policies 

93  Monitoring  and evaluation of the operation 

Several  types  of  action  are  foreseen  in  order  to  ensure  an  evaluation  of  actions 
undertaken: 

cost/benefit  analysis of  actions to  be taken; 

27 

reinforcing  controls  with  regard  to  the  selection  and  monitoring  of  studies 
and  projects; 

using  "performance  indicators"  for  each  type  of  action  planned,  in  relation 
to  the  specific  objective  to  which  it  refers. 

In  addition  to  this,  a  monitoring  report  and  a  final  evaluation  report  will  be 
produced,  the  latter  on  the  basis  of  an  external  audit 

for 

the 

The  establishment,  since  the  adoption  of  the  programme,  of  a  timetable/rolling 
relevant  administrative 
plan 
and  evaluation  steps,  shall  ensure  a  better  management  and  control  of 
its 
engagements/payments 
implementation,  notably 
required. 

four  years  concerned, 

in  respect  of 

the  financial 

including 

the 

The  reinforcement  of  the  consultation  process  (involving  both  the  Member  States, 
the  industry  and  other  concerned  parties)  shall  ensure  a  more  transparent  and 
effective  monitoring  and  implementation  of  the  programme 

The  ex  post  evaluation  process  will  be  based  on  the  application  of  a  set  of 
objectively  quantifiable  indicators  with  regard  to  results  and  outputs  of  activities 
to  achieve  the  specific  objectives  identified  in  the  programme. 

Specific/immediate 

Main  final  out-put 

Main  Performance  Indicators 

objectives/Actions 

A.  Improve  knowledge  in  the  field  of  Tourism 

A.l  Developing  tourism  related  analyses 
Consolidation  of  the 
European  Statistical 
system 

Development  of 
surveys, 
studies,  desk  field 
analyses 

Completion  of  data-base  on  Coverage:  number  of  variables 
tourism  demand  and  supply 
basic  indicators;  Tourism 
section  in  Eurobarometer, 
desk-field  analysis  and 
market  oriented  reports; 
production  of 
communication  tools 

(at  least  64)  and  Countries 
(all  EU-EFTA)  included,  level 
of  geographical  breakdown 
ensured  (NUTS  Il/lll); 
Reliability:  margin  of  error 
declared  (3-5%),%  of  total 
relevant  universe  covered  (90%); 
Access/use:  effective  use  of  the 
various  tools:  number  and 
periodicity  of  publications 
(stat:  2  yearly/per  year, 
I  monthly;  studies:  3  per  year) 
gap  between  period  of  reference 
and  availability  of  the 
information  (official  statistics: 
T  +  9  annual,  T+3  monthly; 
EU  survey  T  + 3). 

I

28 

A.2  Pooling  of  information  originating  from  other  sources 

Establishment  of  a 
European  research  and 
documentation  network 

interactive 
network/information  from 
other  relevant  sources 

Effective  coverage  (references 
about  at  least  60%  of  relevant 
information  originated  by  other 
sources)  Use  of  the  network: 
number  of  participants  in  the 
network  (at  least  50  covering  at 
least  all  EU-EFTA  countries), 
variety  of  subjects  covered  (by 
type:  60),  number  of  in-put/out 
put  "transactions"  (500)  Yearly 
assessment  of  satisfaction  rate 
on  the  basis  of  internal  survey 
among  users 

A.3  Facilitating  the  assessment  of  Community  measures  affecting  tourism 

Establishment  of  a  legal 
and  financial  watch 

Software  development  for  a 
monitoring  system; 
evaluation  forms  of  the 
impact  on  tourism  of 
EC  measures;  regular 
reporting  to  inter-services 
group 

Delay  for  defining  and 
implementing  the  watch  system, 
(T  +•  9)  Number  of  dossiers  dealt 
with  and  stored  (200).  Other 
Commission  services  connected 
(all)  Effective  use  (internal 
survey  on  satisfaction  rate) 
Periodicity  of  interservice 
meetings  (4  per  year),  number 
and  variety  of  participants 
(at  least  10  services) 

B.  Improving  the  legislative  and  financial  environment  for  tourism 

B.l  Reinforcing  cooperation  with  member States,  industry,  other  stakeholders 

Organization  and 
follow-up  of  regular 
meetings 

Meeting  with  and  reporting 
to  Member  States  and  the 
industry,  annual  reports  on 
Community  measures 
affecting  tourism, 
organization  and  follow-up 
of  regular  meetings, 
participation  in  major 
tourism  fairs,  seminars  and 
conferences 

Improvement  of  the 
implementation  rate  at  national 
level  of  EC  measures  affecting 
tourism,  development  at  national 
level  of  EC  compatible  measures 
which  facilitate  tourism 
businesses 
Number  of  requests  for 
information,  of  complaints 
introduced,  and  follow-up 
ensured 
Number  of  copies  of  repoi I 
requested/disseminated. 
Periodicity  of  meetings  (3  per 
year  with  MS,  and  3  per  year 
with  others);  number  and  variety 
of  participants  (all  EU-EF I  A 
MS,  representatives  from  at  least 
40  organizations)  Improvement 
of  the  awareness  on  Community 
measures  affecting  tounsm 
measured  on  the  basis  of  specific 
survey 

29 

Specific/immediate 
objectives/Actions 

Main  final  out-put 

Main  Performance  Indicators 

C.  Raising  quality  in  European  tounsm 

C.l  Promoting  sustainable  tourism 

Development  of  innovative 
projects,  networking, 

Number  of  applications 
submitted,  number  and 
relevance  of  partners/area 
involved  in  the  projects 
financed  (covering  all 
Member  States);  follow-up 
ensured  after  Community 
financial  support; 

Network  of  local 
"laboratories"  applying 
visitor  management 
techniques 

Implementation  of 
environmentally 
friendly  management 
systems 

European  Prize 
"Tourism  & 
Environment" 

C.2  Removing  obstacles  to  tourism  development 

Promotion  -  transfer  of 
best  practices 

Development  of  innovative 
projects 

Number  and  relevance  of 
partners  involved  in  the 
projects  financed  (covering  all 
Member  Slates),  number  of 
models  identified/applied, 
follow-up  ensured  after 
Community  financial  support 
(further  application  of  at  least 
60%  of  innovative  models 
identified), 

D.  Increasing  the  number of  tourists  from  third  countries 

DA.  Promoting  Europe  as  a tourist  destination 

Multiannual 
promotional  campaigns 

Definition  and  use  of 
marketing,  information, 
promotion  and 
communication  tools 

Increase  rate  of  international 
arrivals/expenditures. 
Sponsorship  ensured  in  %  of 
total  budget  (at  least  50%): 
number  of  contacts  in  respect  of 
target  population  (10-15%)  Cost 
per  contact;  coverage  ensured  in 
respect  of  total  target  area, 
complementary  use  ensured  by 
national  and  regional  authorities 
in  the  framework  of  their 
specific  campaigns. 

30 

10.  Administrative  expenditure  (Section  III,  Part A  of  the  budget) 

Actual  mobilization  of  the  necessary  administrative  resources  will  depend  on  the 
Commission's  annual  decision  on  the  allocation  of  resources,  taking  into  account  the 
number  of  staff  and  additional  amounts  authorised  by  the  budgetary  authority 

Additional  request  should  in  no  way  prejudice  the  decision  that  the  Commission  will  be 
brought  to  make  with  regard  to  the  allocation  of  resources 

10.1  Effect  on  the  number of  posts 

Type  of  post 

Staff  to  be  assigned  to 
managing  the  operation 
Temporary 
Permanent 
posts 
posts 

A 
Officials  or 
B 
temporary 
staff 
C 
Other  resources 

Total 

10 
2 
4 

16 

2 

9 

4 

Source 

Existing 
resources  in 
the  DG  or 
department 
concerned 
8 
1 
3 
6 

18 

Duration 

Additional 
resources 

4 
1 
1 
-4 

2 

As  shown  in  the  table  above,  additional  resources  should  be  obtained  in  the  following  way 

in  total  six  new  posts  in  the  established  plan  (4A,  IB,  I  C) 
of  these  six  posts,  four  can  be  obtained  through  TCE:  3 A,  IC 

In  view of the  fact  that  1997 will  be the  last year  of  implementation  of  the TCE  program,  that 
transformation  would  have  to  be  made  in  1997 

In  budgetary  terms  the  net  increase  in human  resources  will  therefore  be  limited  to two  posts 

10.2  Overall  financial  impact  of  additional  human  resources 

Amounts 

494.092 

Officials 
Temporary  staff 
Other  resources  (indicate  budget 
heading) 

Method  of  calculation 

ECU 

I  A  x  72.778 
I  B  x  50.745 

(per  year)  123.523 

Total 

494.092 

123.523  x  4 

31 

10.3  Increase  in  olher  administrative  expenditure  as  a  result  of  the  operation 

Budget  heading 

Amounts 

Method  of  calculation 

A  2510: 
-  Advisory  Committee 
representatives  from 
Member  States 
(See  Article3(2)  of  draft 
Decision) 

414.540 
(125  100) 

695  x  IS 

10  425  x  3(mertings/yenr) 

1 !  275  x  \ 

P . S I 00 

24.120  \ 

8 0 1 x 30 
3(mectings/year) 
289.140 

72.360  x  4 

500(average  cost  per  mission)  x  8  x 
12  (average  mission  per  peison,  pci 
year) 
48.000  x  4 

192.000 

48.000 

-  Technical  committees 

(289.410) 

(See  Annex  draft  Decision, 
paragraph  2) 

A-130 

Total 

192.000 

606.540 

32 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(96) 168 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

16 

Catalogue number  : CB-CO-96-211-EN-C 

ISBN 92-78-03846-6 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 

L-2985 Luxembourg 

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