Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid to producers for the 1994 harvest
Date: 1995-06-16
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: aid per hectare, farmers' income, hops, plant breeding, production aid

COMMISSION  OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Brussels,  16.06.1995 
C( )M(95) 265  final 

95/0153  (CNS) 

REPORT  FROM  THE  COMMISSION 

on the production  and marketing  of  hops 

(1994  harvest) 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  REGULATION  (EC) 

laying  down, in respect  of  hops,  the  amount  of  aid to producers 

for  the  1994  harvest 

(presented  by  the  Commission) 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION 

on the production and marketing of hops 

(1994 harvest) 

V 

CONTENTS 

1.  Introduction 

2.  1994 harvest 

2.1.  World situation 

2.1.1.  Production 

2.1.2.  Market  trends 

2.2. 

Community  situation 

2.2.1.  Production  structure 

2.2.2.  Production 

2.2.3.  Sales and  prices 

2.2.4.  Returns 

2.2.5.  Costs 

3.  The common  organization  of the market  in hops 

3.1. 

Community  policy  on the hop market 

3.2. 

Aid  for  varietal  conversion 

4.  Conclusions 

5 

5 

S 

5 

6 

6 

6 

6 

7 

8 

9 

9 

9 

10 

11 

1. 

INTRODUCTION 

Article  11 of Regulation  (EEC) No  1696/71 requires the Commission  to present to the Council an 
annual  report  on  the production  and  marketing  of hops. The  purpose  of  this report  is to  provide 
information  on trends in production, prices and  demand. 

This report, the 24th such report presented by the Commission, outlines the main events of the 1994 
harvest  year.  It focuses  on the salient facts  needed  to calculate the amount of aid to producers  for 
the  1994 harvest. 

The  Commission  proposes  that  hop  producers  should  again  be  granted  aid  to  supplement  their 
incomes. 

2. 

1994 HARVEST 

2.1.  World  situation 

2.1.1.  Production 

Worldwide,  the  total  area  under  hops  was  approximately  89 500 ha,  of  which  approximately 
69 500 ha belonged to members of the International Hop Growers Convention (IHGC) and Member 
States of the Community (see Table  1). Production  in China and the countries of the former  Soviet 
Union  was also substantial, but can only be roughly  estimated, as no precise figures are available. 

The  area  under  hops  in  IHGC  and  EEC  countries  decreased  on  average  by  about  4%.  The 
decrease was a  little more marked  in  Belgium  (-  6.13%),  the  United  Kingdom  (-  5.17%) and  the 
Ukraine (-  18.25%). New Zealand (+ 7.81%) heads the list of the few countries in which there was 
an increase. The decrease worldwide is about 2.5%. 

At around 2 450 000 ztr the  1994 harvest was markedly (11% or 300 000 ztr) lower than in 1993. 
Quality  was  less  good  with  an  alpha  acid  content  of  6.4%  and  alpha  acid  production  of 
7  850 tonnes. 

These  figures  are very  close to  those  for  1992, which  was  considered  a poor  harvest  although  in 
1992 production  of alpha was higher  (7 912 t) as a result  of the larger areas under  cultivation. 

The  harvest  was  particularly  poor  in  the  Hallertau  in  Germany  owing  to  unfavourable  weather 
(drought and very high temperatures) in the summer of  1994. Climatic factors generally play a less 
important  role  in  the  United  States  as  almost  all  the  plantations  can  be  irrigated.  But  the  water 
shortages, already mentioned  in  1994, could get worse  in  1995. 

Worldwide there is overproduction of hops in relation to the needs of the breweries.  For this reason 
the  member  states  of  the  IHGC  proposed  that  between  5 000  and  10 000 ha  should  be  grubbed. 
This was partially done in Germany on  1 085 ha and in the Ukraine on  1 197 ha but only on 287 ha 
in  the  United  States.  If  there  is no  additional  voluntary  grubbing,  market  forces  will  restore  the 
balance. 

Although beer production  in Europe has fallen  year after  year since  1990, this is not  so in the case 
of other continents, especially Asia.  In China, in particular, beer production  rose by 33% in 1993. 
With  the United  States in the lead,  China .ranks as the world's  second-largest  beer producer. 

Worldwide, beer production is estimated at  1 238 million hectolitres for  1995. Since this volume 
usually  requires  8 297  tonnes  of  alpha  acid  for  hopping  of  6.3 g/alpha/hl, the quantity  of  hops 
produced should m principle not be sufficient  to meet requirements.  There would be a shortfall of 
about 448 t of alpha. It should be noted that,  for hopping of  6.3  g of alpha acid per hectolitre of 
beer, breweries need to have around 6.7 g/hl available, the difference  being accounted for by losses 
in  storage  and  at  the  hop  processing  stage.  It  should  be  added  that  less  alpha  is  needed  than 
previously as a result of a trend  towards manufacturing  less bitter beers, on the one hand,  and  of 
constant technological progress on the other. Breweries would appear, however, still to have stocks 
in hand, enough to cover six to nine months of production. 

2.1.2.  Market trend 

Although prices in most countries remained the same or rose slightly in relation to  1993, the same 
cannot be said of the products of the Hallertau in Germany where production from the point of view 
of quantity and especially quality (50% less alpha acid compared with  1993) was very poor.  This 
explains the little interest shown by the trade for certain varieties such as "Hallertauer Hersbrucker", 
"Hallertauer  Northern  Brewer"  and  some  super-alpha  varieties,  which  fetched  DM  150/ztr, 
DM 300/ztr  and between  DM 400 and  550/ztr  respectively.  In the  United States, alpha  content  -
though lower than in  1993 - reached 9.5% on average; in addition there was very little hops on the 
free market  which  meant  planters  could  sell  it  fairly  quickly  at  prices  ranging  from  DM  216  to 
372/ztr. In the United States the average price for all aromatic and alpha varieties was DM  313/ztr 
($1.81 per lb). 

Contracts signed  in advance - though  currently  for  smaller quantities  and lower prices (only 52% 
of production in the European Union is covered by contract for  1996) - have proved after  all to be 
a good  system even though  it cannot in times of crisis operate as well  as it might (see Table 5). 

A point some members of the IHGC are particularly concerned about is the price-fixing  procedure 
for  aromatic varieties based on kilos of alpha rather than on the aroma itself. 

2.2  Community  situation 

2.2.1.  Production  structure 

As in agriculture as a whole, structural change in hop-growing has continued. There are now 5 297 
farms growing hops in the Community (see Annex, Table A), a 5.73% fall over  1993. The average 
area under hops rose from 5.1  to  5.2 ha per  farm.  More than  300 farms  stopped growing hops in 
Germany.  Since accession,  Austria has been added to the list of hop-producing  Member  States. 

2.2.2.  Production 

The area under hops in the Community was 27 648 ha in 1994, i.e.  1 265 ha (4.41 %) down on 1993 
(see Annex, Table  1), most of  it (21 930 ha, or 80%) in Germany.  But in that  country  areas were 
1 085 ha, i.e. 4.71%,  down  on  1993. 

At  present,  aromatic  varieties  account  for  56.96% of  the  area,  with  Hersbrucker  (34.90%  of  the 
aromatic  area in  spite of a reduction  in  Germany  of  1 024 ha on  1993) still  the most popular. Of 
the  aromatic  varieties  for  which  there  were  large  increases  in  area,  mention  should  be  made  of 

Hallertauer  Tradition  (+ 309 ha),  Perle  (+ 230  ha)  and  Spalter  Select  (+  290  ha).Bitter  varieties 
accounted  for  42.47% and other for  0.57%. 

The shares of bitter and of other varieties were both slightly down in  1994 to the benefit  of aromatic 
varieties. Of the bitter varieties Northern Brewer remained far and away the most popular (4 918 ha, 
which  represents  a  fall  on  1993  of  890 ha)  followed  by  Target  (1  682 ha)  and  Brewer's  Gold 
(1 342 ha). The area under the latter two varieties also fell, by  170 ha and 248 ha respectively. For 
the  bitter  varieties  the general  trend  is towards  increased  production  of  the  super-alpha  varieties, 
which  are  more  in  demand  on  the  markets,  such  as  Hallertauer  Magnum  and  Nugget.  The  area 
under Nugget rose by 30% on  1993 and the area under  Magnum  by about 45%. 

Quantitatively the  1994 harvest was far  inferior  to that of  1993. At 740 756 ztr, average yield was 
1.37 tonnes or 27 ztr per hectare. Quality was average to poor, and alpha acid content  was around 
4.60%  on  average  for  the  Community  as  a  whole  for  the  three  types  of  varieties,  giving 
1 696 tonnes - 61 kg per hectare - of alpha acid for  beer production  in  1995. 

2.2.3.  Sales and prices 

Overall, the average price for hops sold under contract was ECU  161/ztr, ECU 2.71 up on the  1993 
harvest, ranging from ECU 63/ztr in Portugal to ECU 213/ztr in Ireland. Both these countries sold 
their  entire production  under  contract  (see Annex,  Table  6). On  the  other  hand,  the average  spot 
price for hops sold on the free market was significantly  up (almost  double) on the preceding year, 
at  ECU  123/ztr as opposed  to ECU 65.53/ztr  in  1993, although  here too prices differed  markedly 
from one Member State to another, ranging from  ECU 52/ztr in Spain to ECU  212/ztr in the United 
Kingdom. 

Of the  1994 crop 81% was sold under contract (see Annex, Table  5). Belgium was well below this 
average at 56%. 

Highest average prices, both under contract and for  spot sales, were made by the aromatic varieties 
(ECU  177/ztr  and  ECU  129/ztr  respectively).  The  varieties  fetching  the  highest  prices  were 
Challenger,  Goldings,  Hallertauer,  Spalter  and  Tettnanger.  Some  varieties  grown  in  the  United 
Kingdom,  i.e.  Fuggles, Progress and WVG, also sold for  prices  distinctly  higher  than the average 
for the group, as did Strisselspalt  in France, where average contract prices were ECU  214/ztr. The 
variety  of aromatic hops fetching  the lowest price was undoubtedly  Hersbrucker,  which  accounted 
for  about  35%  of  the  area  for  this  group  of  varieties  (contract  price  ECU  151 /ztr,  spot  price 
ECU 70/ztr). 

For  bitter  varieties the average price  for  sales under  contract  was  ECU  139/ztr and  for  spot  sales 
ECU  113/ztr,  the  varieties  that  fetched  the  highest  prices  in  this  group  being  Magnum  and 
Northdown. 

For  other  varieties,  contract  prices  and  spot  prices  were above  the  Community  average. This was 
due to the relatively high prices paid  for experimental  varieties in  Austria and the  United  Kingdom 
and  to  the rather high  spot  prices paid  for  Zenith  in the  United  Kingdom. 

Of the  eight hop-producing  Member  States, four  sold  at prices below the Community  average (all 
varieties taken together), i.e. Belgium, Germany, Spain and Portugal, with a very low  spot price in 
Spain  (ECU  52/ztr)  and a very  low contract  price  in  Portugal  (ECU  63/ztr). 

The  official  figures  indicate  that,  of  the  740 756  ztr  produced  in  the  Community  in  1994,  only 
2 951 ztr  (0.40%) remain unsold. Ireland, Austria and Portugal  sold their  entire production  under 
contract  for  an  average  price  of  ECU 213/ztr,  ECU 282/ztr  and ECU 63/ztr  respectively  (see 
Table 5), followed by France, which sold 98% of its production under contract for an average price 
of ECU 206/ztr. 

Even  though  spot prices almost doubled  in relation  to the  1993 harvest, producers  were expecting 
higher  prices  as a result  of the poor harvest  in  1994. In  Germany,  on account  of low  production, 
contracts signed in advance for the  1994 harvest could not even, for certain varieties such as Perle 
and Northern  Brewer, be carried outThe structural deficit  of certain varieties was also recorded in 
the United Kingdom for the production of English  ales. Additional  areas were consequently  sown 
with Goldings and Fuggles. 

The  variety  which  fetched  the  lowest  prices,  already  from  the  1993 harvest,  is  undoubtedly  the 
Hersbrucker  aromatic variety, which was previously  very popular  with the Americans, but  is now 
suffering from a definite slow-down in demand as American purchasing policy has changed to the 
benefit  of other varieties such  as Spalter  Select  and  Hallertauer Tradition.  While Hersbrucker  has 
been  selling  for  only  DM  165/ztr  (i.e.  ECU 70/ztr)  on  the  free  market,  the  two  new  aromatic 
varieties have been fetching aound DM 380-390 ztr, i.e. ECU  161-166 ztr, which is still more than 
the Community  average for  aromatic varieties. In this poor economic  climate, it  appears that pre 
contracts for the coming years are being concluded only very hesitantly, for shorter periods, smaller 
quantities  and  lower prices than  in previous years, since brewers know that  they  can  always find 
hops  on  the free market  at  prices  that  may  well  remain  low  for  several  years, going  by  harvest 
forecasts and the fact that, according to some, hops are characterized by a ten-year production cycle. 
The way  to  increase hop prices  would  be  to reduce  the hop  cultivation  area  in  the world,  as the 
Americans have proposed, and preferably  to cut the area producing  super-alpha varieties, since the 
hops market has become a market  for  alpha products. 

2.2.4.  Returns 

These were lower than in  1993. The average return per hectare in full  production  was ECU 4 352 
compared to ECU 4 444 in 1993. 

As already mentioned in section 2.2.3., hop prices on the free market and the contract market were 
low. Low prices combined with poor production figures are the reason  for  still  lower returns than 
in  1993, which  was already considered  a very bad year. 

At Community level returns were highest for the aromatic variety group (ECU 4 705 per ha in  full 
production, 4.31% down on 1993). Belgium, however, posted big increases (50%) for these varieties. 
The most profitable aromatic varieties were, for France, Strisselspalt (return of ECU 7 260/ha in full 
production),  and  for  the  United  Kingdom  Bramling  Cross  (return  of  ECU 7 202/ha  in  full 
production),  Challenger  (ECU 6 501/ha  in  full  production),  Goldings  (ECU 8 011/ha  in  full 
production) and WVG (ECU 6 725/ha in full production). The only aromatic variety which produced 
a  lower  return  in  the  United  Kingdom  was  Fuggles,  for  which  the  return  of  ECU  5 829/ha  was 
nevertheless  still above the Community  average  for  this group. 

Returns  dropped  less  sharply  for  the  bitter  variety  group,  by  1.39%  to  ECU  3 885/ha  in  full 
production.  In some producer  Member  States returns fell,  some by very  large amounts (-  24% for 
Ireland),  in  others  they rose  substantially  (+  54%  for  the  United  Kingdom,  +  22% for  Belgium, 
'+  17% for  Portugal). In the case of England, this increase is explained  by the fact  that contract and 

spot prices for Target (which covers about  1 400 ha) more than doubled in relation to the preceding 
year while yield at the same time was high, fairly  close to that for  1993. Spot prices followed  the 
same trend in Belgium, although yields were lower than in  1993, except  in the case of Target and 
Yeoman.  In  Portugal,  increases  were  due  to  the  fact  that  part  of  the  area  covered  by  a  varietal 
conversion  plan had by now reached the full  production  stage. Average returns for  other varieties, 
cultivated  principally  in  Germany  (103 ha),  and  to  a  small  extent  in  Belgium  (2 ha),  the  United 
Kingdom (46 ha) and Austria (7 ha), rose by 0.86%. As these varieties are only cultivated on small 
areas, their  impact on overall  returns for  producers was negligible. 

2.2.5 

Production  costs 

These fell by 0.11% on average from 1993 (see Annex, Table D) to ECU 6 764/ha. They are thus 
very close to those of the previous year. Belgium had the highest costs (ECU 9 537/ha) and Portugal 
the  lowest  (ECU 4 521/ha).  Fluctuations  in  individual  Member  States  did  not  exceed  16.13% in 
either direction  compared  with  1993 levels. 

3.  THE COMMON ORGANIZATION  OF THE MARKET IN HOPS 

3.1.  Community policy on the hop market 

In  1971  a  common  organization  of  the  market  in  hops  was  established  by  Regulation  (EEC) 
No  1696/71. The aim was to improve product  quality and  safeguard  the  standard  of living of hop 
growers. Since it was quite deliberately  decided when the market  organization  was set up to make 
no  special  arrangements  for  external  trade  or  intervention,  the  Community  hop  sector  is  highly 
exposed to competition  on the world  market. 

The essential aspects of the basic Regulation, which were dealt with in greater detail by subsequent, 
more  specific  Council  and  Commission  regulations,  are  rules  for  the  marketing  of  hops  via  a 
certification procedure and a forward contract system, for the recognition and promotion of producer 
groups, and for trade with non-EEC countries. The Regulation also lays down aid arrangements for 
Community-grown  hops. 

The Community has two main financial responsibilities in this sector. Firstly, frequent use is made 
of the arrangements whereby aid per hectare is granted to producers with unsatisfactory  returns. For 
the  1993 harvest  year,  aid  per  hectare  was granted  at  a rate  of  ECU 395  for  aromatic  varieties, 
ECU 435 for bitter varieties and ECU 307 for other varieties and experimental  varieties. Secondly, 
special  aid  is  granted  under  Regulation  (EEC)  No 2997/87  to  encourage  growers  to  convert  to 
varieties more  suited to market requirements  (see also point  3.2.). 

In addition the Community makes a contribution towards the promotion of newly founded producer 
groups  at the  initial  stage provided national  aid  is also granted  for  this.  However, this measure is 
now  of  little  significance  since  almost  all  hop  growers  in  the  Community  now  belong  to  a 
recognized  producer  group.  Of  course  this  does  not  exclude  the  possibility  of  new  groups  being 
founded  in the  future  as a result  of restructuring  and  reorganization. 

3.2.  Aid  for  varietal  conversion 

The long-standing imbalance between supply and demand for most bitter varieties and the resultant 
problems  for  hop  growers  in  certain  areas  of  the  Community  led  the  Council  to  adopt  special 
measures  for  the hop sector  in  1987. 

Regulation  (EEC)  No 2997/87  introduced  special  aid  amounting  to  ECU  2 500/ha  -  subject  to a 
maximum  area  of  1 000 ha per  Member  State - to be granted to recognized  producer  groups who 
undertake  to  implement  a plan  to  convert  areas  under  bitter  varieties  to  aromatic  or  super-alpha 
varieties. 

In  June  1989  the  Council  adopted  Regulation  (EEC)  1809/89  amending  Regulation(EEC) 
No 2997/87  with a view to increasing the number of growers qualifying  for  aid  under the varietal 
conversion  programme. The amended  criteria  now  allow  special  aid  to  be granted  throughout  the 
Community  and not just  in certain  areas, as was originally  provided  for. 

A further restriction laying down that producer groups could take part in the conversion  programme 
only  if their  total  area did  not  increase  in  the period  1986 to  1988 was  also  lifted.  The  extension 
of the duration  of the programme from 31 December  1990 as originally provided  for to the end of 
1994 gives the producer  groups more time to implement  their  conversion  plans. 

A  further  change  was  introduced  by  Regulation  (EEC)  No 423/95,  extending  the  time  limit  for 
implementation  of the conversion  programme by a further  two years, i.e. up to the end of  1996, in 
the case of Spain, Portugal  and Belgium and by one year in the case of the United Kingdom. This 
amendment  became necessary,  as far  as Spain  is concerned,  when  many  hop growers, whose land 
at  the time was involved  in a reparcelling  project,  made  it  known  that  they  were prepared  to take 
part  in  the  varietal  conversion  programme.  It  was  not  possible  to  carry  out  both  measures,  i.e. 
reparcelling  and  subsequent  varietal  conversion,  in the time  originally  provided  for.  For the three 
other  Member  States  the  reasons  were  a  shortage  of  planting  stock  (Portugal)  and  bad  weather 
(Belgium  and the  United  Kingdom). 

The  Community  varietal  conversion  programme  has been  very  well  received  by hop growers. All 
hop-growing  Member States are taking advantage of  it with  the exception  of  Ireland.  Some of the 
varietal conversion programmes submitted have been revised several times, above all to comply with 
requests for  further  areas to be included  (see Table E in the Annex). 

The programmes submitted by the different  Member  States provide principally  for grubbing up the 
traditional bitter varieties Brewer's Gold and Northern Brewer, with which it is increasingly  difficult 
to  compete  with  American  super  alpha  varieties' on  the  world  market,  and  also,  in  the  case  of 
Germany, grubbing up the aromatic Hersbrucker variety, which is no longer finding market outlets. 

10 

4.  CONCLUSIONS 

On  the  basis  of  the  foregoing  analysis  the  Commission  proposes  that  income  aid  be  granted  to 
growers for  the  1994 harvest. 

The average level proposed is higher than for the 1993 harvest for aromatic  and bitter varieties but 
slightly lower  for  other varieties, including  experimental  varieties. 

Under  Article  12a of  Regulation  (EEC)  No  1696/71  the Commission  proposes that  the  same  rate 
of aid be granted  for  areas planted with  experimental  varieties as for  'other varieties'. 

The possibility of granting aid for growing experimental varieties was introduced  in  1990 when the 
Council  adopted Regulation (EEC) No 2780/90. The purpose of the aid, which can be granted  for 
land used by growers for the cultivation of experimental  varieties in collaboration  with a research 
institute, is to encourage the development of new varieties, which must be continued if hop growing 
in the Community is to remain competitive. 

11 

TABLE A 

Number and size of hep-growing farms in the CommunSy 

1994 

Number 
off. 

Totar ares 
under hops 0 M} 

Areas under hops 

(ha) 

Belgium 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

Ireland 

Austria 

[Portugal 

lUnited 
MM® 

EC 

4,3 

6,7 

0,8 

4,4 

6,5 

2,9 

3,2 

5,2 

90 

3.282 

21.930 

1.447 

1.156 

13 

3.157 

81 

11 

TABLE B 

Average prices for selected hop varieties in Germany 
1983-1999 

Prices in ECU/Ztr 

Hallertauer  Tettnanger  Hersbrucker  Northern 
Brewer 

Brewer's 
Gold 

Spot  market 

1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 

Contract  market*) 

1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 

Forward contracts 

1995 
1996 
1997 
1998 
1999 

125,27 
111,21 
194,96 
129,26 
220,35 
227,86 
218,54 
555,18 
209,41 
246,02 
151,65 
215,79 

178,16 
181,88 
191,60 
196,39 
195,37 
200,33 
199,91 
205,59 
208,57 
258,92 
214,94 
216,64 

152,49 
152,49 
152,49 
152,49 
228,53 

198,84 
161,06 
207,53 
138,17 
228,09 
230,82 
231,25 
637,16 
223,86 
262,01 
199,64 
220,03 

212,72 
218,52 
288,92 
226,33 
220,11 
223,20 
220,66 
221,31 
222,58 
269,75 
224,71 
222,58 

222,58 
225,13 
227,26 
227,26 
240,00 

67,61 
78,24 
126,20 
94,94 
209,15 
216,85 
173,65 
425,20 
146,55 
168,66 
28,88 
70,09 

166,23 
164,87 
168,96 
170,17 
169,38 
170,68 
168,57 
167,36 
160,14 
187,74 
150,37 
150,80 

143,57 
142,30 
142,30 
140,18 
149,10 

104,19 
69,93 
102,72 
62,88 
76,55 
142,73 
127,48 
576,85 
173,31 
232,61 
61,17 
100,25 

151,12 
154,13 
161,41 
171,77 
169,80 
168,54 
160,09 
161,42 
159,72 
184,65 
153,34 
140,18 

153,34 
157,17 
155,89 
158,44 
153,34 

69,20 
43,10 
45,70 
24,45 
54,50 
93,18 
88,09 
427,33 
126,58 
154,73 
31,86 
50,97 

142,37 
144,78 
147,58 
144,62 
137,94 
126,64 
116,89 
116,81 
108,74 
134,62 
115,11 
115,11 

117,24 
120,21 
122,34 
121,49 
109,17 

! 

*) The prices shown are the average prices specified in contracts signed in previous years for the relevant 

harvest. 

TABLE C 

Return on areas in full production, in  ECU/ha*) 

1987 

1988 

1989 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

1994  1994/93 
(%) 

BY VARIETY  GROUP 

Aromatic 
Bitter 
Others 

5.428 
4.727 
4.439 

5.586 
4.491 
4.196 

5.562 
4.633 
4.093 

5.663 
5.644 
5.365 

5.854 
5.415 
3.382 

5.339 
4.328 
3.948 

4.908 
3.939 
3.569 

4.705 
3.865 
3.600 

-4.31% 
-1.39% 
0,86% 

BY COUNTRY 

Belgium 
Germany 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Austria 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 

4.199 
5.353 
3.122 
4.674 
4.918 

4.763 
4.695 

4.368 
5238 
3.173 
6.170 
5.943 

2.452 
5.001 

3.995 
5.307 
4.473 
5.572 
5.283 

4.329 
4.577 

11.158 
5.616 
4.456 
7.450 
10.817 

3.322 
5.615 

5.931 
5.456 
4.441 
5.512 
7.901 

1.715 
7.212 

6.602 
4.818 
2.605 
6.320 
9.055 

1.495 
5.404 

3.317 
4.379 
4.900 
6.794 
7.109 

1.203 
4.803 

4.256 
4.087 
4.396 
6.912 
5.399 
7.713 
1.405 
5.423 

22,06% 
-7.14% 
-11.46% 
1,71% 
-31.67% 
100.00% 
14.38% 
11.43% 

BY COUNTRY AND BY VARIETY GROUP 

Aromatic 

Bitter 

Other 

1993 

1994 

1994/93 
% 

1993 

1994 

1994/93 

1993 

1994 

!  1994/93 

Belgium 
Germany 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Austria 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 

2.809 
4.602 
1.609 
7.152 

4.216 
4.348 
1.582 
7.252 

7.660 

50,09 
-5.52 
-1.68 
1.40 

7.882 

6.827 

-13.38 

3.505 
4.035 
4.901 
3.844 
7.109 

1.203 
2.969 

i  % 
| 
i 
4.286 ! 
3.661 
4.398! 
4.2501 
5.3991 

22.28 
-9,27 
-10,26 
10.56 
-24.05 

1.405! 
4.560 j 

16,79 
53.59 

% 

655 
3.597 

2.023J 
3.4081 

208,85 
-5,25 

' 

' 

' 

10.0451 

5.305 

3.260 

-38,55 

*)Areas newly planted in 1994 and 1993, were assumed to give 40 % and 65 % respectively of the return on areas 

in full production. 

n 

TABLE  D 

Production costs per hectare  (  ECU) 

Belgium 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

Ireland 

Austria 

1993* 

1994** 

Change 

on 

1993(%) 

9.458 

9.537 

0,84 

7.504 

7.470 

-0,45 

3.993 

4.637 

16,13 

6.712 

6.795 

1,24 

6.914 

6.657 

-3,72 

5.735 

5.735 

0,00 

4,19 

Portugal 

4.339 

4.521 

United  Kingdom 

9.521 

8.763 

-7,96 

')  Agricultural conversion rates 

")  Agricultural conversion rates 

1.1.1993 

1.1.1994 

\S 

TABLE E 

Varietal conversion programmes carried out  by the 
Member States under  Regulation 
(EEC) No. 2997/87 

(Situation at March 1995) 

Type of variety to which conversion is to be made 

Arosnatsc (ha) 

Super-Alpha (ha) 

Total (ha) 

i 

41 

432 

Belgium 

Germany 

Spain 

France 

Ireland 

Austria 

Portugal 

United  Kingdom 

326 

204 

568 

181 

100 

634 

246 

1.000 

181 

170 

0 

0 

100 

960 

EC 

800 

1.687 

2.656 

Ik 

28.675 

27.648 

-1.265 

- 4 , 4 1% 

1.033.893 

737.837 

-296.056 

-28,64% 

1.32 

1.696 

4,60% 

61 

25.999 

-1.650 

TABLE 1 

Area under hops, production of hops and alpha acid by producer countries 
1994 

1 

1 

Area 

Production 

I 

II 

III 

Country 

ha 
1993 

ha 
1994 

ha  (+/-) 
1994/93 

IV 
ha  (+/-) 
1994/93 
% 

V 

VI 

I 

VII 

Zentner 
1993 

Zentner 
1994 

Zentner  +/-
1994/93 

I 
VIII 
Zentner  +/-
1994/93 
% 

409 
23.015 
1.142 
670 
13 

96 
3.329 

384 
21.930 
1.156 
670 
13 
238 
100 
3.157 

(ll-l) 

(lll/l) 

-25 
-1.085 
14 
-0 
-0 

4 
-172 

-6.13% 
•4,71% 
1,23% 
-0.03% 
-0,46% 

3,71% 
-5.17% 

11.705 
848.556 
41.857 
21.417 
379 

780 
109.199 

11.233 
568.686 
41.366 
22.093 
331 
3.397 
1.937 
88.794 

(Vl-V) 

-472 
-279.870 
-491 
676 
^18 

(Vll/V) 

-4,03% 
-32.98% 
-1,17% 
3.16% 
-12.66% 

1.157 
-20.405 

148.33% 
-18.69% 

17.461 
1.178 
320 
560 
2.450 
10.400 
1.200 
6.560 
2.391 
695 

17.174 
1.178 
345 
576 
2.420 
10.200 
1.200 
5.363 
2.341 
685 

-287 
0 
25 
16 
-30 
-200 
0 
-1.197 
-50 
-10 

-1.64% 
0,00% 
7,81% 
2,86% 
-1,22% 
-1.92% 
0,00% 
-18,25% 
-2,09% 
-1,44% 

692.200 
62.630 
12.604 
11.400 
70.200 
192.060 
18.800 
80.000 
57.400 
11.905 

656.900 
62.630 
15.310 
14.088 
70.000 
184.400 
18.000 
66.000 
44.000 
11.905 

-35.300 
0 
2.706 
2.688 
-200 
-7.660 
-800 
-14.000 
-13.400 
0 

-5.10% 
0.00% 
21,47% 
23.58% 
-0.28% 
-3.99% 
-4.26% 
-17,50% 
-23.34% 
0.00% 

Total  IHB  (-EC) 
Total  IHB  (+EC) 

43.215 
71.890 

41.482 
69.130 

-1.733 
-2.998 

- 4 . 0 1% 
-4.17% 

1.209.199 
2.243.092 

1.143.233 
1.881.070 

-65.966 
-362.022 

-5.46% 
-16,14% 

3.100 
3.600 
350 
8.000 
615 
730 

3.200 
3.500 
350 
8.500 
590 
720 

100 
-100 
0 
500 
-25 
-10 

3,23% 
-2,78% 
0,00% 
6,25% 
-4,07% 
-1,37% 

58.000 
73.000 
10.200 
270.000 
21.300 
26.400 

50.000 
70.000 
9.100 
275.000 
20.500 
26.600 

-8.000 
-3.000 
-1.100 
5.000 
-800 
200 

-13.79% 
- 4 . 1 1% 
-10,78% 
1,85% 
-3.76% 
0.76% 

91.608 

89.247 

-2.361 

-2.58% 

2.756.017 

2.452.783 

-303.234 

-11,00% 

1.37 

7.849 

6.40% 

*)  Republics of former Yugoslavia with the exception of Slovenia. 
**) Republics of the former USSR with the exception of Ukraine. 

Source: Member States +  C.I.C.H. + Horst Report 

Yield 

IX 

t/ha 

(VI/ll/20) 

1,46 
1.30 
1.79 
1.65 
1.27 
0,71 
0.97 
1.41 

Alpha 

Forecast  Area 

X 
Production 
tons 

I 

XI 
Percent 

XII 
Yield 
kg/ha 

( X W I / 2 0H 
7.37% 
3.80% 
7.98% 
2.57% 
8,78% 
10.18% 
11.50% 
7.91% 

41 
1.080 
165 
28 
1 
17 
11 
351 

(IX*1000 
•xn 

108 
49 
143 
42 
112 
73 
111 
111 

XIII 

XIV 
Change 

i 
| 
ha  -  1995  |  ha  1995-94 
i 
! 
! 

(XJII-II) 

385 
21.000 
1.145 
? 

7 
253 
144 
3.065 

1 
-930 
-11 
-670 
-7 
15 
44 
-92 

1,91 
2,66 
2,22 
1,22 
1,45 
0,90 
0.75 
0.62 
0,94 
0,87 

1.35 
1.34 

0.78 
1,00 
1,30 
1.62 
1.74 
1.85 

3.532 
309 
98 
30 
192 
240 
23 
255 
72 
36 

10.75% 
9.88% 
12.79% 
4,30% 
5,47% 
2,60% 
2.60% 
7,72% 
3.26% 
6,06% 

4.787 
6.483 

8,37% 
6,89% 

120 
123 
50 
825 
62 
141 

4.80% 
3,50% 
11,00% 
6,00% 
6,00% 
10,60% 

17.174! 
1.1781 
345 ! 
576! 
2.400 ! 

10.100 

1.050 j 
5.3631 
2.401 
685| 

0 
0 
0 
0 
-20 
-100 
-150 
0 
60 
0 

41.272 
67.271  j 

-210 
-1.860 

i 

206 
263 
284 
53 
79 
24 
20 
48 
31 
53 

113 
92 

38 
35 
143 
97 
104 
196 

88 

i 

Belgium 
Germany 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Austria 
Portugal 
United  Kingdom 

! 

EC-15 

i 

i 

U.S.A. 
Australia 
New  Zealand 
Yugoslavia*) 
Slovenia 
Czech  Republic 
Slovak  Republic 
Ukraine 
Poland 
Bulgaria 

1 

Romania 
Russia**) 
Argentina 
China 
Japan 
South  Africa 

Total  World 

| 

': 

j 

i 

i 
! 

TABLE  2 

ESTIMATED FORWARD SALES 

1995-1999 

Zentner = 50  kg 

Country 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 
&  onwards 

Belgium 
Germany 
Spain 
France 
Ireland 
Austria 
Portugal 
United Kingdom 

3.850 
485.300 
40.000 
21.198 
200 
7.590 
3.000 
62.047 

1.495 
367.200 
*) 
21.286 
200 
7.590 
4.000 
44.020 

1.260 
289.900 
*) 
17.280 
*) 
7.590 
*) 
31.921 

1.000 
212.200 
*) 
7.085 
*) 
7.590 
*) 
14.175 

400 
142.400 i! 

8.646 !! 

7.590 

10.375 ! 

EC-15 

623.185 

445.791 

347.951 

242.050 

169.411; 

New Zealand 
U.S.A. 
Australia 
Poland 
Czech Republic 
Slovak Republic 
Slovenia 
Serbia 
Hungary 
Ukraine 

13.210 
618.406 

45.000 
130.000 
12.000 
42.000 
*) 
*) 
3.860 

12.680 
425.870 
*) 
40.000 
110.000 
10.000 
33.000 
*) 
*) 
*) 

9.100 
342.554 
*) 
35.000 
80.000 
10.000 
20.000 
*) 
*) 
*) 

4.323 
290.939 
*) 
35.000 
60.000 
8.000 
12.000 
*) 
*) 
•) 

3.200 ; 
155.340: 

30.000 
50.000 
7.000 
10.000 

*

>

;• 

*); 

Total IHGC  (-EC) 
Total IHGC (+EC) 

864.476 
1.487.661 

631.550 
1.077.341 

496.654 
844.605 

410.262 
652.312 

255.540 
424.951  ; 

I 

, , 

(*)  Data do not exist or have not been provided by the producer countries. 

Source: CICH + Member States 

I* 

YEAR 

AREA 

PRODUCTION 

YIELD 

GERMANY 

TABLE 3 
HOPS : WORLD BASE SERIES 
1973-1994 

VI 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

(kg/alpha) 
V1000/I 

DM/Ztr. 
Contract 

DM/Ztr. 
Spot 

I 

(ha) 

! 

81.247 
82.083 
80.527 
78.206 
79.262 
80.230 
81.224 
86.348 
92.434 
95.532 
92.688 
88.701 
86.700 
85.699 
87.274 
90.044 
90.504 
89.567 
93.272 
91.503 
91.608 
89.247 

II 

(Ztr) 

2.366.020 
2.223.520 
2.270.040 
2.135.200 
2.355.920 
2.200.173 
2.359.848 
2.378.772 
2.652.833 
2.966.785 
2.651.851 
2.472.791 
2.419.725 
2.372.455 
2.366.497 
2.407.032 
2.365.235 
2.200.977 
2.520.357 
2.472.726 
2.756.017 
2.452.783 

II 

(t) 

118.301 
111.176 
113.502 
106.760 
117.796 
110.009 
117.992 
118.939 
132.642 
148.339 
.  132.593 
123.640 
120.986 
118.623 
118.325 
120.352 
118.262 
110.049 
126.018 
123.636 
137.801 
122.639 

1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 

(t/ha) 

(alpha t) 

1,46 
1,35 
1,41 
1,37 
1,49 
1,37 
1,45 
1,38 
1,43 
1,55 
1,43 
1,39 
1,40 
1,38 
1,36 
1,34 
1,31 
1,23 
1,35 
1,35 
1,50 
1,37 

7.468 
6.627 
7.230 
6.137 
7.066 
6.374 
7.348 
7.046 
7.997 
8.805 
7.543 
8.165 
6.990 
7.528 
8.414 
7.382 
7.436 
6.661 
8.746 
7.913 
9.784 
7.849 

j 

(%  alpha) 
v*2o/inoo 
6,31 
5,96 
6,37 
5,75 
6,00 
5,79 
6,23 
5,92 
6,03 
5,94 
5,69 
6,60 
5,78 
6,35 
7,11 
6,13 
6,29 
6,05 
6,94 
6,40 
7,10 
6,40 

91,92 
80,74 
89,78 
78.47 
89,15 
79,45 
90,47 
81,60 
86,52 
92,17 
81,38 
92,05 
80,62 
87,84 
96,41 
81,98 
82,16 
74,37 
93,77 
86,48 
101,09 
101,09 

i 

i 
| 
U.S.A. 
I  Avg. Price  | 
X 
! 
$/lb 
! 
! 
(11b = 
1  453,59 gr)  i 
0,751 
| 
0,80 
! 
0,83 
0,85 
0,90 
0,90 
0,98 
1,51 
1,51 
1,74 
1,93 
2,10 
2,03 
1,78 
1,51 
1,40 
1,38 
1,47 
1,60 
1,74 
1,76 
1,81 

! 
I 

! 

207 
235 
221 
264 
128 
290 
533 
1.400 
606 
167 
210 
191 
245 
151 
301 
378 
326 
1.190 
391 
382 
133 
227 

i 

372 

1,42 

331 
331 
331 
327 
319 
297 
324 
341 
377 
390 
405 
409 
401 
410 
405 
398 
387 
384 
375 
367 
364 
359 

365 

Average 

86.995 

2.425.798 

121.290 

1,39 

7.569 

6,23 

I 

87,25 

l 

Index  94 
(1973  = 100) 

Index  94 
J 1 9 82  = 100) 

i 

110% 

jj 

104% 

104% 

94% 

105% 

101% 

110% 

108% 

110% 

| 

241% 

i, 

93% 

|; 
i. 

I 

83% 

83% 

88% 

89% 

108% 

110% 

92% 

136% 

i 

; 

104% 

TABLE  4a 

Community  externat trade in hops and hop products  - 

in tonnas 

September  1993 - August 1994 

Member States 

BELGIUM+LUX.  . 
-Import 
-Export 
-Net 
DENMARK 
-Import 
-Export 
-Net 
GERMANY 
-Import 
-Export 
-Net 
GREECE 
-Import 
-Export 
-Net 
SPAIN 
- Import 
- Export 
-Net 
FRANCE 
-Import 
- Export 
-Net 
IRELAND 
- Import 
- Export 
-Net 
ITALY 
- Import 
-Export 
-Net 
NETHERLANDS 
- Import 
-Export 
-Net 
PORTUGAL 
- Import 
- Export 
-Net 
UNITED KINGDOM 
-Import 
- Export 
-Net 

TOTAL EC 
- Import 
- Export 
-Net 

Cones 

Powders 
• • 1 .1 

Extracts 
« • 3 .5 

Equivalant 
total (1) 

NC 12 10 10 

NC 12 10 20 

NC 13 02 13 

Hop cones 

417 
4 
-413 

0 
0 
0 

9.691 
3.485 
-6.206 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

749 
526 
-223 

0 
0 
0 

10 
0 
-10 

28 
0 
-28 

0 
0 
0 

803 
34 
-769 

388 
4 
-384 

6 
23 
17 

1.010 
11.993 
10.983 

0 
0 
0 

8 
0 
-8 

5 
0 
-5 

228 
2 
-226 

3 
0 
-3 

24 
0 
-24 

0 
0 
0 

632 
360 
-272 

11.698 
4.049 
-7.649 

2.304 
12.382 
10.078 

106 
35 
-71 

0 
7 
7 

283 
1.241 
958 

0 
0 
0 

21 
4 
-17 

2 
6 
4 

79 
34 
-45 

6 
1 
-5 

149 
0 
-149 

56 
2 
-54 

120 
152 
32 

822 
1.482 
660 

1.215 
131 
-1.084 

7 
50 
43 

11.793 
21.021 
9.228 

0 
0 
0 

82 
14 
-68 

762 
547 
-215 

527 
121 
-406 

34 
4 
-31 

576 
0 
-576 

196 
7 
-189 

1.918 
962 
-956 

17.109 
22.856 
5.747 

(1) 

100 kg powder 
100 kg extracts 

=  110 kg cones 
= 350 kg cones 

Source: Eurostat - Comext 

2o 

commun  :y ex:erna  race  n  lops anc  iop  products w&h certain  count 

i-es 

September  1993 - August  1994 

in  tonnes 

Total  EEC 

Czech  Republic 

U.S.A. 

Slovenia 

Poland 

Switzerland 

Australia 

China 

Thailand 

South  Africa 

Hungary 

Slovak  Republic 

Japan 

Austria 

Finland 

Sweden 

Cones 

NC  12 10  10 
11.698 
4.048 
-7.650 

-  Import 
-  Export 
- N et 

of  which 

Powders 
=  * 1,1 
NC  12 10 20 

Extracts 
= *3,5 
NC  13  02  13 

Equivalent 
j 
I 
total (1) 
!  Hop Cones 

j 

2.302 
12.382 
10.080 

654 
1.482 j 
828 

! 
16.519 
22.855 j 
6.336 

-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-  Export 
-Net 
-  Import 
-Export 
-Net 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
- Import 
-  Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- Net 
-  Import 
-  Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-Export 
- N et 
-  Import 
-  Export 
-Net 
-  Import 
-  Export 
- N et 

3.727 
26 
-3.701 
2.169 
3.349 
1.180 
2.573 
1 
-2.572 
1.381 
76 
-1.305 
50 
58 
8 
99 
12 
-87 
777 
0 
-777 
0 
0 
0 
133 
0 
-133 
59 
25 
-34 
126 
0 
-126 
0 
0 
0 
256 
181 
-75 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

396 
364 
-32 
805 
905 
100 
68 
44 
-24 
0 
118 
118 
0 
196 
196 
877 
8 
-869 
0 
31 
31 
0 
1.163 
1.163 
0 
145 
145 
0 
319 
319 
0 
123 
123 
0 
5.218 
5.218 
18 
414 
396 
0 
294 
294 
0 
335 
335 

0 
125 
125 
760 
49 
-711 \ 
0 
1 
1  : 
0; 
70 
70 
32[ 
80 
48 
21 
2 
-19 
2 
1 
-1 
0 
80 
80 
0: 
47 
47 
0 
9 
9 
0( 
3 0! 
301 
0 
46 
46  ' 
0! 
123! 
123! 
0 
27 
27 
0 
17 
17 

' 

4.163 
864 
-3.299 
5.715 
4.516 
-1.199 
2.648 
53 
-2.595 
1.381: 
451 
-930 
162 
554 
392 
1.137 
28 
-1.109-
784 
38 
-746 
0 
1.559 
1.559 
133 
324 
191 
59 
407 
348 
126 
240 
114 
0 
5.901 
5.901 
276; 
1.067' 
791 
0 
418 
418 
0 
428 
428 

1) 

100 kg powder 
100 kg extracts 

1.10 kg cones 
350 kg cones 

Source: Eurostat - Comext 

ll 

TABLE 5 

Hops production sold and average prices obtained 
under contract and not under contract 
1980-1994 

Production 

Average prices 

1 
Not under 
Contract *) 
50 kg 

2 
Under 
Contract 
50 kg 

3 
Under 
Contract 
% 
2/(2+1) 

4 

Not under 
Contract 
ECU/50 kg 

5 
Under 
Contract 
ECU/50 kg 

67.385 
154.754 
363.795 
223.549 
195.478 
173.339 
202.218 
161.850 
119.035 
169.083 
70.306 
235.415 
103.879 
390.867 
142.973 

4.809 
131.118 
1.366 
389 

; 

5291 

723.983 
768.155 
763.131 
744.142 
728.662 
718.124 
667.937 
634.361 
632.255 
641.429 
644.352 
679.700 
622.778 
639.633 
594.831 

91% 
83% 
68% 
77% 
79% 
81% 
77% 
80% 
84% 
79% 
90% 
74% 
86% 
62% 
81% 

469 
226 
65 
92 
70 
92 
63 
123 
159 
135 
469 
165 
168 
66 
123 

133 
163 
177 
183 
190 ; 
173 ! 
170 
168 
170 
164 
167 
167 
160 
158 
161 

1993 

1994  1993 

1994 

6.017 
437.576 
40.000 
21.044 
331 
6.316 
1.937 
81610 

56% 
77% 
97% 
98% 
100% 
100% 
100% 
94% 

51 
57 
37 
102 

63 
146 

111 
120 
52 
152 
0 
0 
0 
212 

146 
155 
127 
201 
230 

139 

142 
156 
124 
206 
213 
282 
63 
185 

EEC 

A. 

1980 -  1994 

1980 
1961 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 

B. 

1994 

-  Belgium 
-  Germany 
-  Spain 
-  France 
-  Ireland 
- Austria 
-  Portugal 
-  United  Kingdom 

*)  Unsold quantities are not included 

XL-

Group  A/I 

SURFACE  AREA  IN HECTARES 

TABLE  6: 
I 

MEMBER  STATE  RETURNS  - 

HOPS  1994 

PRODUCTION  (8  kg »  i  Zentnar) 

RETURNS (ECU) 

AVER.PRIÛE (ECU) 
50  KG 

RETURNS (bCU) 
ha 

VIII 
Contract 

IX 
Spot 

X 
Not  sold 

XI 
Contract 

XII 
Spot 

XIII 
Total 

xrv 
Contract 

xv 
Spot 

Aromatic 

Hop* 

Variatv 

Aurora 
Bramlinq Cross 
Challenger 

FinoAlsacio 
Fuggles 
Goldings 

Hallertauer 

Hall.Tradition 

Ortain 
OE  CE 
UK  CE 
B 
F 
UK 

CE 
Esp  CE 
UK  CE 
B 
OE 
UK 

CE 

B 
D 
F 

B 
D 

CE 

CE 

Hersbrucker  Spat  B 
D 
OE 

fc 

Hueller 
Mailing 
Perte 

Progress 
Saaz 

Saxon 
Spalter 

CE 
D  CE 
OE  CE 
B 
D 
F 
Oe 

CE 
UK  CE 
B 
D 

CE 

B 
D 

CE 
0  CE 

Spalter Select 
Star 
Sunshine 
Tardif de Bourgogne 
Strisselspalt 
Tettnanger 
WVG 

F  CE 
D  CE 
UK  CE 

TOTAL 

AROMATIC 

B 

D 

Es 

F 

OE 

UK 

CE 

I 
Total 

I I - IV 

II 

III 

1994 

1993 

IV 
Previous 
to 
1993 

V 
Full 
Production 
(ll*0,4)+ 
(Hl'0,68) 

VI 
i 
I  Production 

VII 
Yield 
SOIcg/ha 

Vl/Ï 

33 
43 
15 
2 
374 
391 
1 
289 
3 
82 
338 
423 
51 
926 
0 
978 
1 
859 
860 
4 
5.485 
7 
5.496 
242 
73 
0 
3.591 
0 
36 
3.627 
135 
2 
9 
11 

0 
183 
J83 
1.253 

585 
1.057 
71 

76 

13.605 

1 

587 

231 

1.249 

15.749 

7 

0 
2 
2 
. 
20 
0 

16 
16 
1 
42 
0 
43 
1 
269 
270 

6 

6 
1 
. 

281 
0 
6 
287 
46 
0 

0 

0 
1 
1 
260 

13 
17 
15 

2 

877 

14 

6 

106 

1.004 

3 

0 
4 
4 
. 
2 
1 
1 
6 
8 
0 
27 
0 
27 

266 
266 

5 

5 
. 
. 

164 
0 
5 
169 
27 

0 

2 
2 
343 

25 
21 

1 

828 

25 

6 

42 

902 

33 
33 
15 
2 
368 
385 
1 
267 
2 
81 
316 
399 
50 
857 
0 
907 

324 
324 
4 
5.474 
7 
5.485 
241 
73 
0 
3.146 
0 
25 
3.171 
62 
2 
9 
11 

180 
180 
650 

546 
1.019 
56 

33 
38 
16 
2 
371 
388 
1 
276 
3 
81 
326 
410 
51 
891 
0 
942 
0 
605 
605 
4 
5.480 
7 
5.491 
241 
73 
0 
3.365 
0 
31 
3.396 

97 S 
2 
9 
11 

0 
182 
182 
977 

568 
1.039 
62 

73 

75 

11.900 

12.789 

1 

548 

220 

1.100 

13.843 

1 

570 

226 

1.170 

14.831 

993 
1.259 
492 
60 
10.616 
11.168 
11 
6.879 
75 
2.484 
10.024 
12583 
1.608 
27.128 
4 
28:740 

17.881 
17.881 
119 
160.594 
204 
160.917 
6.687 
1.897 

84.109 
2 
559 
84.670 
2.812 
57 
153 
210 

4.155 
4.155 
29.750 

19.265 
25.107 
1.682 
: 
2.351 

355.564 

11 
19.331 

6.138 

33.272 

416.667 

30 
29 
33 
29 
28 
29 
11 
24 
22 
30 
30 
30 
31 
29 
19 
29 
0 
21 
21 
32 
29 
28 
29 
28 
26 
0 
23 
21 
16 
23 
21 
30 
17 
19 

0 
23 
23 
24 

993 
995 
227 
35 
9.837 
10.099 
11 
6.225 
39 
2.484 
9.166 
11.689 
585 
20.228 
0 
20.813 

14.673 
14.673 
119 
120.943 
204 
121.266 
3.049 
1  897 

69.741 
0 
559 
70.300 
2.311 
0 
153 
153 

2.980 
2.980 
23 730 

33 
24 
24 
; 

31 

26 

11 
33 

27 

27 

26 

19040 
21  720 
1.466 

970 

277.217 

11 

19.075 

6.138 

30.000 

333.411 

. 
264 
265 
25 
779 
1.069 
. 
654 
19 

858 
877 
1.023 
6.900 
0 
7.923 

3.208 
3.208 
0 
39.651 

39.651 
3.638 
. 

14.368 
0 

14.368 
501 
57 

57 

1.175 
1.175 
6.020 

190 
3.387 
216 

1.364 

78.347 

214 

0 

3.272 
83.197 

VI-
fVIII+IXi 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
17 
0 
0 
17 
0 
0 
4 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

35 
0 
0 

17 

0 

0 

X I W I II 

263.052 
220.166 
34.796 
7.761 
2.228.238 
2.270.795 
1.582 
1.451.189 
7.119 
711.327 
2.378.070 
3.096.516 
81.687 
4.382.112 
0 
4.463.798 
0 
2.499.330 
2.499.330 
17.249 
18.237.673 
58.225 
18.313.147 
436.463 
540.448 
0 
10.694.382 
0 
155.962 
10.850.345 
545.775 
0 
30.741 
30.741 

XVIX 

0 
53.848 
37.863 
3.540 
183.400 
224.803 
0 
158.429 
3.468 
0 
233.491 
236.959 
121.498 
1.488.926 
0 
1.610.424 
0 
531.446 
531.446 
0 
2.779.063 
0 
2.779.063 
602.681 
0 
0 
2.380.243 
0 
0 
2.380.243 
122.064 
9.248 
0 
9.248 

XI+XII+ 
<X*0.7)*XV 

263.052! 
274.014 
72.659 
11.301 
2.411.638 
2.495.598 
1.582 
1.609.6188 
12.759 
711.327 
2.611.561 
3.335.647 
203.184 
5.871.038 
0 
6.074.222 
0 
3.030.776 
3.030.776 
17.249 
21.016.736 
58.225 
21.092.211 
1.039.144 
540.448 
0 
13.074.625 
0 
155.962 
13.230.587 
667.839 
9.248 
30.741 
39.989 

0 
648.107 
648.107 
4.102.537 

0 
239.574 
239.574 
971.718 

0 
887.681 
887.681 
5.074.255 

4.077.636 
4.834.499 
357.439 

39.731 
745.256 
58.328 

4.122.432 
5.579.754 
415.767 

140.850 

172.077 

314.428 

45.865.843 

9.738.907 

55.604.751 

,1.582 

0 

1.582 

41 

4.085.397 

43.271 

4.134.477 

0 

0 

1.729.015 

7.180.877 

0 

1.729.015 

809.560 

7.990.437 

58 

59.003.564 

10.763.816 

69.772.644 

265 
221 
153 
222 
227 
225 
144 
233 
183 
286 
259 
265 
140 
217 
0 
214 
0 
170 
170 
145 
151 
285 
151 
143 
285 
0 
153 
0 
279 
154 
236 
0 
201 
201 

0 
217 
217 
173 

214 
223 
244 

145 

165 

144 

214 

282 

239 

177 

xvi 
Total 
Planted 

!! 
|: 
| 
|i 
li  X I I I /I 

XVH 
Full 
Production 

X I I I /V 

0 
204 
143 
144 
235 
210| 
0j! 
242 j 
183 
0,, 
272 ;j 
2701| 
1191! 
216jj 
Oij 
203!! 
0|! 

166 
166;! 
0 
70 
0 
70 
166 
0! 
0 
166! 
0 
0; 
166: 
244 
162 
0 
162 

0 
204 
204 
161 

209 
220 
270 

126 

124 

0 

202 

0 

247 

129 

7.926 
6.314 
4.878 
5.460 
6.456 
6.391 
1.582 
5.566 
3.694 
8.719 
7.736 
7.893 
3.962 
6.340 
0 
6.214 
0 
3.528 
3.526 
4.693 
3.832 
7.976 
3.838 
4.294 
7.405 
0 
3.641 
0 
4.337 
3.648 
4.959 
4.862 
3.416 
3.668 

0 
4.851 
4.850 
4.050 

7.051 
5.279 
5.881 

4.138 

4.087 

1.582 

7.043 

7.485 

6.397 

4.430 

7.921 
7.20; 
4.871 
5.46( 
6.50' 
6.43: 
1.581 
5.82! 
4.33' 
8.73! 
8.01' 
8.12S 
3.99Î 
6.587 
C 
6.446 
C 

5.0V 
5.01; 
4.69Î 
3.83! 
7.97! 
3.84' 
4.30! 
7.40! 
C 
3.88! 
C 
5.05J 
3.89f 
6.85: 
4.90Î 
3.416 
3.67C-

C 
4.88! 
4.88! 
5.19^ 

7.26C 
5.366 
6.72E 

4.216 

4.348 

1.582 

7.252 

7.66C 

6.827 

4.70£ 

jp 

j!Nugge! 

Group  C/IH 

SURFACE AREA IN  HECTARES 

PRODUCTION (5 kg *  1 Zentner) 

| 

RETURNS (ECU) 

AVER.PRICE (ECU) 
50 KG 

TABLE  6  MÊMBËft  STATE  RETURNS  -  HOPS  1994  (cont'd  2) 

VIII 
Contract 

IX 
Spot 

X 
Not  told 

XI 

I 
|  Contract 

XII 
Spot 

XIII 
Total 

XIV 
Contract 

XV 
Spot 

O T H ER 

1 
Total 

II 
New 

1994 

III 
New 

1993 

IV 
Previous 
to 
1993 

Varlotv 

Ortaln 

I I - IV 

| 

! 

Hersbrucker  Pure 

CE 

1 

V 
Full 
Production 
(ll*M)+ 
(lll*0,65) 
•  IV 

VI 
Production 

VII 
Yield 
SOkg/Ma 

Vl/I 

Kent 

Record 

jjviking 

Zenith 

Other 

B 

D 

CE 

CE 

UK  CE 

D 

OE 

UK 

CE 

T O T AL 

O T H ER 

D 

OE 

UK 

CE 

2| 

93 

95  j 

3 

10 

7 

43 

60 

2 

103 

7 

46 

158 

1 

1 

1 

0 

18 

19 

2 

0 

18 

20 

2 

92 

94 

3 

9 

2 

11 

23 

2 

101 

2 

14 

120 

0 

. 

4 

14 

18 

0 

4 

14 

18 

2 

92 

94 

3 

9 

5 

28 

42 

2 

102 

5 

30 

139 

36 

2.064 

2.100 

104 

237 

178 

424 

839 

36 

2.301 

178 

528 

3.043 

G R A ND 

B 

384 

57 

46 

281 

333 

11.233 

D 

21.930 

1.394 

1.539 

18.997 

20.555 

568.686 

T O T AL 

ESP__ 

.  L!«L 

18 

24 

6 

3 

9 

1.129 

1.142 

41.366 

36 

610 

643 

22.093 

13 

222 

64 

13 

331 

231 

6.316 

86 

1.937 

10 

33 

670 

i 

13 

2 3 8; 

100] 

i 

i 

! 

i 

F 

IRL 

OE 

p 

UK 

Ij 

j 

j 
i 

I 

ÇEJ 

VI-
MII+IX) 

XIWIII 

XVIX 

XI+XII+ 
fX*0.7)*XV 

0 

1.700 

1.700 

83 

200 

178 

206 

584 

0 

1.900 

178 

289 

2.367 

36 

364 

400 

21 

37 

217 

254 

36 

401 

238 

675 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

4.046 

4.046 

259.963 

52.570 

312.533 

259.963 

56.618 

316.579 

14.710 

29.734 

51.354 

5.550 

4.715 

0 

47.572 

31.074 

20.260 

34.449 

51.354 

78.703 

128.660 

35.789 

184.506 

0 

4.048 

4.046 

289.697 

57.285 

346.983 

51.354 

62.282 

0 

51.354 

36.624 

98.967 

403.333 

97.955 

501.349 

6.017 

4.809 

407 

851.830 

535.887 

1.418.704 

437.576 

131.118 

-8 

68.257.954 

15.755.751 

84.013.068 

40.000 

1.366 

0 

4.949.615 

70.528 

5.020.143 

0 

153 

153 

177 

149 

288 

231 

220 

0 

152 

288 

216 

170 

142 

156 

124 

21.044 

389 

860 

4.340.137 

59.081 

4.444.226 

206 

331 

6.316 

1.937 

0 

0 

0 

70.510 

1.780.368 

121.472 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

70.510 

J!13 

1.780.368 

282 

121.472 

18 

22 

22 

37 

24 

27 

10 

14 

18 

22 

27 

11 

19 

29 

26 

36 

33 

25 

27 

19 

63 

185 

161 

3.157 

153 

105 

3.029 

88.794 

28 

81.610 

5.291 

1^893 

15.098.749 

1.121.466 

16.424.9S4 

27.648 

1.656 

1.778 

24.215 

26.032 

740.756 

27 

594.831 

142.973 

2.951 

95.470.635 

17.542.712 

113.293.475 

RETURNS  (ECU) 
ha 

j 
!! 
i! 
XVII 
Full 
; 
Production  j 

XVI 
Total 
Planted 

X I I I /I 

l 
!i |! 

xni/v 

112 

144 

142 

264 

127 

0 

143 

141 

112 

143 

0 

154 

145 

2.023 

3.361 

3.332 

2.023 !j 

3.382 \ 

3.354J.' 

7.236 

7.236 |j 

3.445 

7.631 

1.826 

2.749 

2.023 

3.369 

7.631 

2.156 

3.180 

3.665 !| 

10.045!; 

2 . 8 5 6; 

3.910  jj 

2.023 j; 

3.408;! 

10.045 [: 

3.260  i; 

3.600  \ 

111 

3.698 

4 . 2 5 6' 

120 

3.831 

4.087  ! 

52 

152 

0 

o 

0 

4.343 

! 
6.631  | 

4.396 : 

6.912 

5.399  j 

5.399. 

I 
7.4891 

7.713! 

1.217  1 

1.405! 

212 

5.202 

...5.423 : 

123 

4.098  ! 

4.352 

Proposal wùt a • 

COUNCIL REGULATION  (EC) 

laying down, in respect of hops, the amount of aid 

to producers for the 1994 harvest 

26 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

On the basis of the attached  Commission  report  on the production  and  marketing of hops from  the 
1994 harvest it is proposed that the Council  adopt the attached proposal for a Regulation  setting aid 
to hop growers for  that harvest at the following  levels: 

- 

aromatic varieties 
bitter varieties 
other varieties 
experimental  varieties 

ECU 495/ha 
ECU  532/ha 
ECU 368/ha 
ECU  368/ha. 

The proposal takes account of changes in returns and production costs in relation to the 1993 harvest 
for  the  different  variety  groups,  with  experimental  varieties  receiving  the  same  aid  as  'other 
varieties'. 

While average production  costs are more or less the same as for the  1993 harvest  (ECU  6 764/ha, 
representing a reduction of 0.11%), there has been a downwards trend in average returns per hectare 
for aromatic and bitter varieties, which fell  by 4.31% and  1.39%  respectively  to ECU  4 705/ha and 
ECU  3 885/ha while for  'other varieties* they  rose by  0.86% to ECU  3 600/ha. 

The proposal  is therefore  for  a proportionate  rise in the aid for  aromatic  and bitter varieties  and a 
proportionate  reduction  in that for  other varieties and  experimental  varieties. 

By  comparison  with  the  1993  harvest  the  average  aid  rate  for  all  varieties  together  increases by 
4.72% (from ECU 487/ha to ECU 510/ha). 

The cost of the proposal  to the EAGGF Guarantee  Section  is estimated  at ECU  14.29 million. 

2} 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION  (EQ No 

laying down, in respect  of  hops, the amount  of aid 
to producers for the  1994 harvest 

95/0153  (CNS) 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN  UNION, 

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European  Community, 

Having  regard  to  Council  Regulation  (EEC)  No  1696/71  of  26 July  1971  on  the  common 
organization  of the market in hops1, as amended by the Act  of Accession  of Austria, Finland  and 
Sweden  and  by  Regulation  (EC)  No 3290/94  of  22 December  19942  on  the  adjustments  and 

transitional  arrangements required  in  the agriculture  sector in  order  to  implement  the  agreements 

concluded  during  the  Uruguay  Round  of  multilateral  trade  negotiations,  and  in  particular 

Article  12(7) thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal  from  the Commission, 

Having regard to the opinion  of the European  Parliament, 

Whereas  Article  12  of  Regulation  (EEC)  No  1696/71  provides  that  aid  may  be  granted  to  hop 

producers  to  enable them  to  achieve  a  fair  income;  whereas  the  amount  of  this  aid  is  fixed  per 

hectare and differs  according to varieties, taking into account the average return on the areas in  full 

production  as compared with the average returns for  previous harvests, the current position  of the 

market  and trends in costs; 

Whereas Article  12a of the said Regulation provides that aid to producers may also be granted  for 

areas cultivated  with  experimental  strains in order to facilitate  the development  of new varieties; 

1 
2 
3 

OJNoL  175, 4.8.1971,  p.l. 
OJ No L 349, 31.12.1994, p.105. 
OJ No C 

7& 

Whereas an examination of the results of the  1994 harvest reveals the need to fix aid for groups of 

varieties of hops cultivated in the Community; whereas aid to producers should also be granted  for 

areas cultivated  with experimental  strains, 

HAS ADOPTED THIS  REGULATION: 

Article 1 

1.  For  the  1994  harvest,  aid  shall  be  granted  to  the  producers  of  hops  cultivated  in  the 

Community for the groups of varieties set out in the Annex as well as for experimental strains. 

2.  The amount of the aid shall be as set out in the Annex. 

Article 2 

This  Regulation  shall  enter into force  on  the third day following  its  publication  in  the  Official 

Journal of the European Communities. 

This Regulation shall be binding in its entirety and directly applicable in all Member States. 

Done at Brussels, 

For the Council 

» 

ANNEX 

Aid  to hop producers  for the  1994 harvest 

Group of varieties 

Aid in ECU/hectare 

Aromatic 

Bitter 

Other 

Experimental  strains 

495 

532 

368 

368 

36 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENT 

BUDGET  HEADING:  181 

APPROPRIATIONS:ECU  27  million 

2. 

TITLE:  Proposal  for  a  Council  Regulation  laying  down,  in  respect  of  hops,  the  amount  of  aid  to  producers  for  the 
1994  harvest 

LEGAL  BASIS:  Article  43  of  the  Treaty 

AIMS  OF  PROJECT:  To  fix  the  aid  per  hectare  for  certain  groups  of  hop  varieties  for  the  1994  harvest 

PERIOD  OF  12 
MONTHS 

(ECU  million) 

CURRENT 
FINANCIAL 
YEAR 
(95) 
(ECU  million) 

14.3 

14.3 

FOLLOWING 
FINANCIAL 
YEAR 
(96) 
(ECU  million) 

p.m. 

FINANCIAL  IMPLICATIONS: 

5.0. 

EXPENDITURE 
-  CHARGED  TO  THE  EC  BUDGET 

(REFUNDS/INTERVENTION) 

-  NATIONAL  AUTHORITIES 
-OTHER 

5.1. 

REVENUE 
-  OWN  RESOURCES  OF  THE  EC 
(LEVIES/CUSTOMS  DUTIES) 

-  NATIONAL 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

5.0.1. 
5.1.1. 

5.2. 

6.0. 

6.1. 

6.2. 

6.3. 

ESTIMATED  EXPENDITURE 
ESTI MATED  REVENU E 

METHOD  OF  CALCULATION: 
Aromatic  varieties: 
Bitter  varieties: 
Other  varieties: 

Ha 
15 749  x 
11741  x 
158  x 

ECU/ha 
495 
532 
368 

(A)  ECU  million 

7.80 
6.24 
0.06 

DR 

27  648 

14.10 

x 

1.014 

14.29  million  ECU 

CAN  THE  PROJECT  BE  FINANCED  FROM  APPROPRIATIONS  ENTERED  IN  THE  RELEVANT 
CHAPTER  OF  THE  CURRENT  BUDGET? 

YES 

CAN  THE  PROJECT  BE  FINANCED  BY  TRANSFER  BETWEEN  CHAPTERS  OF  THE  CURRENT 
BUDGET? 

WILL  A  SUPPLEMENTARY  BUDGET  BE  NECESSARY? 

WILL  FUTURE  BUDGET  APPROPRIATIONS  BE  NECESSARY? 

YES 

OBSERVATIONS 

The  new  measure  represents  a  saving  of  ECU  0.2  million  on  the  assumptions  made  in  the  '95  SAB. 

s I 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(95) 265  final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

03 

Catalogue number  :  CB-C0-95-288-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-90404-6 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 

L-2985 Luxembourg 

y2-