Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) CONCERNING HUMANITARIAN AID
Date: 1995-05-31
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU aid, aid policy, aid system, fourth Lomé Convention, humanitarian aid

COMMISSION  OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Brussels,  31.05.1995 
COM(95)201 final 

95/0119 (SYN) 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  REGULATION  (EC) 

CONCERNING HUMANITARIAN AID 

(presented by the Commission) 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORAHPIfM 

During  the  past  four  years  the  Community  has  increased  its  humanitarian  aid  by  more 
than  seven-fold  in  response  to  the  various  disasters  and  crises  that  have  occurred 
throughout  the  world following  the Cold  War.  This assistance  has reached  a total  value 
of  765  MECU  in  1994.  Although  it  has  massively  increased  humanitarian  aid,  the 
Community  has nonetheless  succeeded  in  efficient  and timely  delivery. 

This  is  not  least  due  to  the  creation  of  ECHO  in  1992.  Since  ECHO  became  fully 
operational  in  1993, the Office  has systematically  built up experience, methodologies and 
administrative  systems  which  has  made  it  possible  to  cope  with  the  expanding  number 
of  activities  and the  larger degree  of  complexity  in  many  operations.  A  key  part in  the 
improved  work  methods is played by the Framework  Partnership  Agreement  which  now 
covers practically  all of ECHO'S operations with its partners, be they NGOs, UN  agencies 
or other  international  organisations. 

On  6  July  1994,  the  Commission  adopted  a  communication  to  the  budget  authority 
concerning  the legal basis. It committed itself to propose the legal  basis for  a number of 
Community  budget  lines,  for  which  no  legal  basis  so  far  exists,  apart  from  the  general 
budget  authorization.  In  the  "Statement  by  the  Council  and  the  Commission  on 
humanitarian  action"  of  November  25,  1994,  the  Council,  in  view  of  the  increasing 
importance  of  humanitarian  aid,  welcomed  this  initiative. 

The purpose of this legal basis is to define  the scope of humanitarian action,  coordination 
as well as the conditions for cooperation between the Community, the EU Member States, 
the  international  and non-governmental  organizations.  The  Council  also  underlined  the 
importance  of  transparent  and quick  procedures  as  well  as clear  criteria  with  respect  to 
cooperation  with  NGOs  in humanitarian  assistance. 

The proposed  draft Regulation  is firmly  anchored  on the wishes of  the Council  and is at 
the same time based on the operational  experience  accumulated by ECHO during the past 
two-and-a-half  years. 

Firstly,  the  attached draft  Regulation  establishes  clear objectives  and general  criteria for 
humanitarian aid provided by the Community.  Hence Chapter I of the proposal  addresses 
questions  relating  to  which  disaster  situations  qualify  for  humanitarian  aid  from  the 
Community,  what type of  assistance  can be  financed  as well  as how  humanitarian  relief 
links  up  with  disaster  preparedness,  rehabilitation  and  reconstruction. 

yl 

Secondly,  the  proposal  lays  down  the  implementation  procedures  for  the  Community's 
humanitarian actions. Chapter II deals with relations with implementing partners and with 
cooperation  with  EU  Member States. 

Thirdly,  the  proposed  Regulation  establishes  the  decision-making  procedures  to  be 
followed  in  the  implementation  of  humanitarian  aid  programmes  financed  by  the 
Community. In Chapter III it is proposed that the Commission has the overall  competence 
to  take decisions  on  humanitarian  actions  and to  implement  these  decisions.  However, 
in the  decision-making  process  the Commission  in  certain  decisions  will  be  assisted  by 
a consultative committee composed of EU Member states and chaired by a representative 
of  ECHO. This  chapter  also  includes  provisions  for  regular  evaluations  of  humanitarian 
aid and for the Commission  to submit an annual  report on  all  its humanitarian  actions  to 
the Council  and the  Parliament. 

It  is  expected  that  the  present  Regulation,  if  adopted,  will  provide  clarity  and 
predictability  and  yet  preserve  the  necessary  flexibility  that  is  necessary  to  further 
strengthen  the  Community's  response to  humanitarian  crises  in the years to  come. 

A. 

PROPOSAL FOR A 
COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) N° ... 
of... 

CONCERNING  HUMANITARIAN  AID 

THE COUNCIL  OF THE EUROPEAN  UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article  130w thereof, 

Having  regard to the proposal  from  the Commission,1 

In cooperation  with the European  Parliament,2 

Whereas victims of natural disasters, wars and outbreaks of fighting, exceptional poverty 
or  other  comparable  emergencies  have  a  right  to  international  humanitarian  assistance 
where their own  authorities prove  unable to provide effective  relief; 

Whereas  measures  to  protect  the  victims  of  fighting  or  comparable  emergencies  are 
governed by international humanitarian law and should accordingly be considered part of 
humanitarian  action; 

Whereas  humanitarian  assistance  encompasses  not  only  relief  operations  to  save  and 
preserve  life  in  emergencies  or  their  immediate  aftermath,  but  any  action  aimed  at 
facilitating or obtaining freedom  of access to victims and the free flow of such assistance. 

Whereas humanitarian assistance may be a prerequisite for development or reconstruction 
work  and  must therefore  cover  the  full  duration  of  a crisis  and  its  aftermath,  and may 
therefore  include an element of  short-term  rehabilitation  aimed at facilitating  the arrival 
of relief, preventing any worsening  in the impact of the crisis and starting to help those 
affected  regain  a minimum  level  of  self-sufficiency; 

Whereas  there  is  a  particular  need  for  preventive  action  to  ensure  preparedness  for 
disaster risks and, \n consequence,  for the establishment  of  an appropriate  rapid-warning 
and intervention  system; 

Whereas the effectiveness  and consistency  of the Community  and national prevention and 
intervention  systems  set  up  to  meet  the  needs  generated  by  natural  disasters  or 
comparable  emergencies  should  therefore  be  ensured  and  reinforced; 

Whereas humanitarian aid, the sole aim of which is to prevent or relieve human  suffering, 
is accorded to victims without discrimination on the grounds of race, religion, nationality 
or political  affinities  and must not be guided  by,  or subject  to, political  considerations; 

Whereas humanitarian aid decisions must be taken impartially and solely according to the 
victims' needs  and interests; 

Whereas  close  coordination  between  the  Member  States  and  the  Commission  both  at 
decision-making  level  and  on  the  ground  constitutes  the  foundation  for  effective 
humanitarian  action  by  the  Community; 

Whereas the Community,  as part of  its contribution  to the effectiveness  of  international 
humanitarian aid, must endeavour to cooperate  and coordinate its action with that of non 
member  countries; 

Whereas, in pursuit of that same objective, criteria should be established for  cooperation 
with  non-governmental  organizations  and  the  international  agencies  and  organizations 
specializing  in humanitarian  aid; 

Whereas the independence and impartiality of non-governmental  organizations and other 
humanitarian  institutions  in  the  execution  of  humanitarian  aid  must  be  preserved, 
respected  and  encouraged; 

Whereas  cooperation  in  the  humanitarian  sphere  should  be  encouraged  between  non 
governmental organizations in the Member States and other developed countries and their 
equivalents  in the  countries  concerned; 

Whereas  the  very  nature  of  humanitarian  aid  calls  for  the  establishment  of  flexible, 
transparent  and  fast  decision-making  procedures  for  the  financing  of  humanitarian 
operations and projects. In this context, it is foreseen that the Commission will  be assisted 
in certain  cases  in  its  decision  making  by  a committee  of  advisory  character. 

Whereas  procedures  should T)e established  for the implementation  and  administration  of 
humanitarian  aid financed  by the Community from  the general  budget,  with  emergency 
aid under the IV Lomé Convention remaining subject to the procedures and arrangements 
laid  down  in that Convention, 

CHAPTER 1 

Objectives  and  general  principles  of humanitarian  aid 

Article 1 

In the course of its humanitarian action, the Community shall carry out assistance, relief 
and  protection  operations on  a non discriminatory  basis to help  people,  and particularly 
the most vulnerable among them, in non-member countries hit by natural disasters, man-
made crises, such as wars and outbreaks of fighting, or comparable emergencies. It shall 
do so  for  the  time needed  to meet  the  humanitarian  requirements  resulting  from  these 
situations. 
The  Community  shall  also  carry  out  operations  to  prepare  for  or  prevent  disasters  or 
comparable emergencies. 

Article 2 

The principal  objectives  of the humanitarian  aid referred  to  in Article  1 shall be: 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

(d) 

to save and preserve  life  during  emergencies  and their  immediate  aftermath  and 
natural  disasters  that  have caused  major  loss  of  life,  physical,  psychological  or 
emotional  suffering,  or material  damage; 

to provide, through  individual operations or global plans, the necessary assistance 
and  relief  to people affected  by  longer-lasting  crises  arising,  in  particular,  from 
outbreaks  of  fighting  or  wars  having  the  effects  described  in  subparagraph  (a), 
especially where their own governments prove unable to help or there is a vacuum 
of  power; 

to  take  any  steps  necessary  to  facilitate  or  obtain  freedom  of  access  to  aid 
recipients  and the free  flow  of aid; 

to  carry  out  short-term  rehabilitation  and  reconstruction  work  with  a  view  to 
facilitating the arrival of relief, preventing the impact of the crisis from worsening 
and  starting to help those affected  regain  a minimum  level  of  self-sufficiency; 

(e) 

(f) 

(g) 

to  cope  with  population  movements  (refugees,  displaced  people  and  returnees) 
caused  by  natural  and  man-made  disasters  and  handle  schemes  to  assist 
repatriation  to  the  country  of  origin  and  resettlement there; 

tô  ensure  preparedness  for  disasters  or  comparable  emergencies  and  set  up  a 
suitable  rapid-warning  and intervention  system; 

to  carry  out  operations  to  protect  the  victims  of  fighting  or  comparable 
emergencies. 

Article  3 

Community  aid  under this Regulation  may  be used to finance  the purchase and delivery 
of  any product or equipment  needed for the implementation  of humanitarian  operations; 
the costs  associated  with the  expatriate or local  staff  employed  for those  operations; the 
storage,  transport,  logistics  and  distribution  of  relief  and  any  other  action  aimed  at 
facilitating  or obtaining  freedom  of  access  to  aid  recipients. 

It  may  also  be  used  to  finance  any  other  expenditure  directly  related  to  the 
implementation  of  humanitarian  operations,  including  the  cost  of  publicizing  aid. 

Article  4 

Community  aid  may  also  be  used to  finance: 

feasibility  studies,  monitoring  and evaluation  of  humanitarian  operations; 

training  schemes  and general  studies  in  the  field  of  humanitarian  action; 

measures  to  strengthen  coordination  with  the  Member  States,  other  donor 
countries,  international  humanitarian  organizations  and  institutions  and  non 
governmental  organizations; 

the technical  assistance necessary for the implementation of humanitarian projects, 
including  the  exchange  of  technical  know-how  and  experience  by  European 
humanitarian  organizations  and  agencies  or  between  such  bodies  and  those  of 
non-member  countries; 

public  awareness  and information  campaigns  inside  and outside  the  Community 
aimed  at increasing  understanding  of  humanitarian  issues. 

Article 5 

Community  financing  under this  Regulation  shall  take the form  of grants. 

CHAPTER H 

Procedures  for the implementation  of humanitarian  aid 

Article 6 

Humanitarian  aid operations financed  by the Community  may  be  implemented  either  at 
the  request  of  international  or  non-governmental  bodies  and  organizations  or  on  the 
initiative of  the Commission. 

Article 7 

1. 

The humanitarian  partners eligible for Community funding  under this Regulation 
shall  be non-governmental  organizations  satisfying  the following  conditions. 

a) 

b) 

They must be legally recognized in  their country of origin as independent 
non-profit-making  associations. 

They  must  have  their  headquarters  in  a  Community  Member  State  or, 
exceptionally,  a non-member country. 

2. 

When  determining  an NGO's  suitability  for  Community  funding,  account  shall 
be taken  of the following  factors. 

a) 

b) 

c) 

d) 

e) 

its administrative  and financial  management  capacities; 

its technical  and  logistical  capacity  in relation to the planned  operation, 

its experience  in the field  of humanitarian  aid; 

the  results  of  operations  carried  out  by  the  NGO  concerned,  and  in 
particular  those financed  by the Community; 

its readiness to take part, if need be, in the coordination  system set up for 
a humanitarian  operation; 

f) 

its ability to work with humanitarian  agencies in the countries concerned; 

t 

g) 

whether  it  has  signed  the  framework  partnership  agreement  with  the 
Community  in the field  of  humanitarian  aid. 

Article  8 

The Community  may also finance humanitarian  operations by international  agencies and 
organizations,  and  in  particular  those  which  have  signed  the  framework  partnership 
agreement  with  the  Community  in the  field  of  humanitarian  aid. 

Article  9 

The Community  may also finance humanitarian operations by the European. Commission 
or  the  Member  States'  humanitarian  agencies.  For that purpose,  the  Commission  may, 
according  to  the  financial  rules  in  force,  administer  funds  made  available  to  it  by  the 
Member  States in accordance with procedures agreed beforehand by the Commission and 
the Member  State concerned. 

Article  10 

In  the  course  of  its  humanitarian  action,  the  Community  shall  endeavour  to  develop 
partnership  and cooperation  with  non-member  countries. 

Article  11 

1. 

2. 

The  administrative  procedures  for  the  management  and  implementation  of 
operations under this Regulation  shall  be  adopted by  the  Commission. 

Aid  shall  be  granted  only  to  the  organisations  referred  to  in  articles  7,  8  and  9 
which  undertake  to  comply  with  the  conditions  transmitted  to  them  by  the 
Commission  regarding  its  allocation  and  implementation. 

Article  12 

All financing contracts concluded under this Regulation shall provide that the Commission 
and  the  Court  of  Auditors  may  conduct  checks  on  the  spot  and  at  the  headquarters  of 
humanitarian  partners  according to the usual  procedures established  by  the  Commission 
under the rules in force,  and in particular those of the Financial  Regulation  applicable  to 
the  general  budget  of  the European  Communities. 

S 

Article 13 

1. 

In order to guarantee and enhance the effectiveness  and consistency of Community 
and national  humanitarian  aid systems, the  Commission  shall  take  all  necessary 
measures  to  ensure  close  coordination  between  the  Member  States  and  the 
Commission  both  at decision-making  level  and on the  ground. 

2. 

To  that  end,  the  Member  States  shall  accord  the  Commission  all  necessary 
assistance, and in particular provide all relevant  information. 

CHAPTER  m 

Procedures for me implementation of humanitarian operations 

Article 14 

1. 

2. 

The Commission shall appraise, decide upon and administer operations under this 
Regulation  according  to  the  budgetary  and  other  procedures  in  force,  and  in 
particular those laid  down in the Community's Financial  Regulation. 

Decisions  concerning  the implementation  of humanitarian  aid global plans  shall 
be adopted in  conformity  with procedure  set out in  article  15. 

Article 15 

The Commission  shall be assisted by an advisory committee (hereinafter  referred 
to  as  "the  committee")  made  up  of  representatives  of  the  Member  States  and 
chaired  by a representative of the Commission. 

Concerning  decisions for  action mentioned  under  article  14.2, the representative 
of the Commission  shall  submit to the Committee  a draft  of the measures to be 
taken. The  committee  shall  deliver  its opinion  on  the  draft,  within  a time  limit 
which  the  chairman  may  lay  down  according  to  the  urgency  of  the  matter,  if 
necessary  by taking  a vote. 

The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition each Member State shall 
have the right to ask to have its position recorded in the minutes. The Commission 
shall take the utmost account of the opinion delivered  by the Committee. It shall 
inform  the  committee  of  the  manner  in  which  its  opinion  has  been  taken  into 
account. 

There  shall  be  a  discussion  once  a year  of  general  guidelines  presented  by  the 
Commission representative concerning humanitarian operations in the year ahead. 

3 

In  this  context,  the  Commission  and  the  Member  States  shall  examine  the 
priorities  for  humanitarian  action  by  the  Community,  the  entire  question  of  the 
coordination  of  Community  and  national  humanitarian  aid  and  any  general  or 
specific  issues  concerning  Community  aid  in that  field. 

The  Commission  shall  notify  the  committee  of  the  humanitarian  operations  and 
projects  adopted,  indicating  the  amount granted,  the  nature of  the operation,  the 
recipient  country  and the partner  implementing  the aid. 

Article  16 

The  Commission  shall  regularly  evaluate  humanitarian  operations  financed  by  the 
Community  in  order  to  establish  whether  they  have  achieved  their  objectives  and  to 
produce guidelines  for improving the effectiveness  of subsequent operations.  Evaluation 
reports  shall  be  submitted  to the  committee. 

Article  17 

After  the  end  of  each  budget  year,  the  Commission  shall  report  to  Parliament  and  the 
Council  on  the operations  implemented  in the  course of  that year. 

Article  18 

This  Regulation  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  third  day  following  its  publication  in  the 
Official  Journal  of  the European  Communities. 

This  Regulation  shall  be  binding  in  its  entirety  and  directly  applicable  in  all  Member 
States. 

Done  at Brussels,  ... 

For  the  Council 
The  President 

\© 

1. 

Title of operations 

Humanitarian aid from the European Union for the populations of third countries. 

2. 

Budget headings involved 

B7-210 

B7-211 

B7-214 

B7-215 

B7-217 

B7-219 

Aid to help the populations of developing  countries and others hit 
by disasters or serious crises. 
Emergency  food  aid  for  developing  countries  and  others  hit  by 
disasters or serious crises. 
Humanitarian  aid to  the  people  of  Central  and  Eastern  European 
countries. 
Humanitarian  aid  to  the  people  of  the  independent  states  of  the 
former  Soviet Union. 
Emergency  aid  for  refugees  and  displaced  persons  in  developing 
countries and other third  countries. 
Operational  support,  disaster  preparedness  and  humanitarian 
intervention. 

3.  Description of operations 

B7-210 

B7-211 

B7-214 

B7-215 

B7-217 

Financing of emergency  aid for  the victims of natural  disasters or 
other  events  with  a  major  economic  and  social  impact  upon  the 
population. 

Emergency  food  aid  for  countries  or  populations  suffering  from 
food  shortages. 

Financing of humanitarian aid operations to help victims of natural 
disasters  or  events  with  a  major  economic  and  social  impact  in 
Central  and Eastern  Europe. 

Financing of operations which provide humanitarian aid for victims 
of  natural  disasters  or  events  with  a  major  economic  and  social 
impact in the independent  states of the former  Soviet Union. 

Financing of operations to help  refugees  and persons displaced  as 
a result of natural  disasters or  fighting;  repatriation  and 
resettlement  aid schemes 

B7-219 

Financing of projects  to ensure disaster  preparedness  and  studies 
and other operations which  can prevent or alleviate disasters. 

4. 

Period covered 

The average period covered by humanitarian operations is six months, but it  may 
be extended  in duly justified  cases. 

S* 

§. 

Classification  of expenditure or  revenue 

5.1  Non-compulsory  expenditure 
5.2  Differentiated  appropriation 
5.3 

Revenue:  revenue may  be allocated  under article  9 of the proposal  for a 
regulation. 

6. 

Type of expenditure or  revenue 

Grants: 

100% grant 
grant  for  cofmancing  with  other  donors  (international  organizations, 
Member States). 

7. 

Financial impact 

The commitment  appropriations  are given  as a guide and  are based on: 

action undertaken  by the Union  in  recent years; 

requests  for  humanitarian  aid  received  by  organizations  concerned  with 
such aid; 

current humanitarian  aid programmes which need  to be continued; 

expected crisis points in the world; 

appeals for  international  solidarity  from  international  organizations; 

initiatives taken by the Commission  itself or at the Delegations' request; 

estimates of world cereals prices and transport costs; 

the potential number of refugees  and displaced persons who might require 
assistance. 

The payment  appropriations  are based  on  the realization  that  operations  are not 
all cleared for payment during a financial  year, particularly  those implemented in 
the second half of the financial  year. 

The  humanitarian  aid  organizations  or  agencies  responsible  for  implementing 
operations  receive  a  minimum  advance  of  50% of  the  amount  of  the  contracts 
following  signing. 

The balance is passed  for  payment  when the operations  are  closed  and the  final 
(narrative  and financial)  reports  are presented . 

12 

8. 

Itemized breakdown 

An  itemized  breakdown  is  not  included  given  the  impossibility  of  predicting 
disasters, the time scale and long-term  effects. 

Account  is nevertheless taken  of the  following: 

the products and articles  financed  in the past; 
the average price of products; 
the cost of transport; 
(local  and expatriate)  staffing  costs; 
warehousing  and distribution  costs. 

Unit prices for  products are negotiated  for  each  contract.  The cheapest rates are 
used  for  transport. 

9. 

Fraud prevention measures 

On-the-spot  checks  are  arranged  through  experts  on  contract  and/or  the 
Commission  Delegations. 

Visits to the site of operations  are arranged  by headquarters  officiais. 

The  humanitarian  aid  organization  responsible  for  implementing  a  relief 
operation  is  required  to  present  narrative  and  financial  reports  at  the 
intervals set down in the contracts.  A final  narrative and financial  report 
is requested at the end of the humanitarian  aid operation in order for  final 
payment to be made. 

The humanitarian  aid organizations responsible for implementing  projects 
are  known  to  the  European  Community  Humanitarian  Office  and  the 
Member  States' humanitarian  aid departments. 

The projects which fall within the scope of humanitarian aid undergo prior 
assessment.  Further  evaluation  and  one-off  monitoring  operations  are 
planned  during implementation,  and there is to be subsequent  evaluation. 

The framework partnership agreement lays down conditions for suspending 
or terminating operational contracts in the event of obvious inability of the 
partners to meet the contractual  conditions. 

The  contracts  are  signed  with  partners  whose  financial  soundness  and 
technical  know-how have been  verified. 

Any new partner is investigated by the national authorities of the Member 
State in which the organization  applying for  financing has its head  office. 

10. 

Elements of cost-effectiveness  analysis 

10.1  Specific  objectives 

\3 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

To  translate  into  action  the  European  Union's  solidarity  with  the 
victims  of  disasters  or  similar  circumstances  in  other  countries  in 
order  to  save  lives,  help  the  injured,  refugees,  displaced  persons, 
returnees  and/or famine  victims. 

Greater efficiency  and speed through improved organization which 
enables  the  Community  to  act as quickly  as possible. 

cooperation  with  humanitarian 

i.e. 
Close 
international  organizations  (UNHCR,  ICRC  and  WFP,  etc.)  and 
NGOs, the  Commission's traditional  humanitarian  aid partners. 

aid  agencies, 

(d) 

Helping  to  make  the  Union's  humanitarian  aid  activities  visible. 

10.2  Grounds for  the  operation 

(a) 

Affirming  the European  Union's role  in  international  solidarity. 

(b) 

(c) 

Forming  an international  reference  point for humanitarian  aid and 
providing  a  multiplier  effect  for  the  aid supplied  by  other  donors 
and the  United  Nations  agencies. 

Helping where appropriate to expand on the Member States' efforts 
and,  where  necessary,  securing  coordination  between  the  Union's 
efforts  and those  of  the Member  States. 

(d)  Making  it  easier  for  NGOs  from  all  the  Member  States  to 

participate. 

(e) 

(f) 

Enabling  the  United  Nations  agencies  and  other  humanitarian  aid 
organizations  (ICRC  and  IFRC)  to  conduct  humanitarian  aid 
operations. 

Helping  to  raise  public  consciousness  and  to  provide  information 
on the humanitarian  aid supplied  by  the European  Union. 

10.3  Quantification  of  objectives  and results 

indicators  comprise 

the  results  expected 

from 
The  performance 
humanitarian aid (e.g. number of people treated, people saved from famine, 
lives saved, refugees  repatriated, speed of action, etc.) and also the quality 
of  management  of  the  NGOs  and  the  machinery  for  coordination  with 
other  donors,  etc'  These  indicators  are  obtained  from,  among  other 
sources,  the  prior  assessments.  The  results  of  each  humanitarian  aid 
operation  are  monitored  by  means  of  narrative  and  financial  reports  by 
operating  partners,  supervision  on the  spot by  the  Delegations  and teams 
of  monitors  and visits  by  Commission  officials. 

I" 

The  monitoring  and  subsequent  evaluation  operations  are  conducted 
(usually  during the last stage of  a project) by  independent  experts.  In the 
final  stage  of  an  operation,  the  partners  are  also  assembled  by  ECHO  in 
order to  conduct  an overall  evaluation of the results  and the humanitarian 
requirements  which  may  still  have  to  be  met  despite  the  efforts  already 
made. 

There is no fixed timetable for evaluation.  Each operation may differ  from 
the  next.  At  regular  intervals,  ECHO  draws  the  necessary  conclusions 
from  its  activities  as a guide  for  the  future. 

The results are gauged in terms of the speed and efficiency  of  Community 
aid,  but  evaluation  is  complex  since  it  is  a  matter  above  all  of  saving 
human  lives. 

10.4  Coherence  with financial  programming 

Humanitarian 
non-programmable. 

aid  activities 

are  by 

their  very  nature 

An  attempt  at programming  is  nevertheless  made  by  drawing  up 
and  implementing  global  humanitarian  aid plans  where  there  is  a 
structural  crisis  and shortage. 

15 

APPROPRIATIONS  ENTERED IN THE BUDGETS 
FROM 1993 TO 1995 AND PRELIMINARY DRAFT BUDGET (PDB)  FOR 1996 

ITEM 

1993 

B7-210  CA  39.15 
PA  25.66 

B7-2111 CA  36.00 
PA  29.97 

1994 

41.00 
54.48 

36.00 
59.27 

1995 

51.00 
42.00 

33.60 
28.70 

B7-214  CA  60.00 
PA  60.00 

110.00 
70.00 

102.70 
111.40 

B7-215  CA  10.00 
PA  10.00 

B7-2162CA  11.25 
PA  10.83 

B7-217  CA 

15.00 
PA  15.00 

B7-2193CA 
PA 

- 
- 

50.00 
31.00 

13.00 
12.42 

16.00 
16.00 

- 
- 

46.70 
52.40 

12.10 
10.50 

14.90 
11.00 

5.00 
4.00 

Total 

PDB 1996 

121.15 
112.14 

105.60 
117.94 

272.70 
241.40 

106.70 
93.40 

36.35 
33.75 

45.90 
42.00 

5.00 
4.00 

63.00 
60.00 

87.00 
70.00 

102.00 
90.00 

45.50 
35.00 

15.50 
11.00 

6.00 
4.00 

The  difference  between  1993-1994-1995  and the  1996 PDB  is explained  by the 
definitive  transfer  from  DG VIII  to  ECHO  of  all  the  food  aid  projects  of  a 
humanitarian,  emergency  nature which DG VIII was conducting  until  1995 with 
DG VIII  resources. 
In  the  1996  PDB  this  heading  was  removed  and  the  appropriations  were 
incorporated  with those of  Article B7-210. 
New heading  from  1995 financial  year. 

16 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(95) 201 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

06  11 

Catalogue number  : CB-CO-95-226-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-89110-6 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 

L-2985 Luxembourg 

i't