Proposal for a EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION establishing a programme to support artistic and cultural activities having a European dimension KALEIDOSCOPE 2000
Date: 1994-07-27
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: EU aid, EU programme, action programme, arts, cultural heritage, cultural policy

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

COM(94) 356 final 
Brussels,  27.07.1994 
94/0188 (COD) 
94/0189 (COD) 

EUROPEAN  COMMUNITY  ACTION  IN  SUPPORT  OF  CULTURE 

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 
AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION 

Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and 
cultural  activities having a European dimension 

94/0188 (COD) 

KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 

(presented by the Commission) 

Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a support programme in the field  of 
books and reading 

94/0189 (COD) 

ARIANE 

(presented by the Commission) 

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COMMUNICATION:  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITY  ACTION 
IN SUPPORT OF CULTURE 
(ARTICLE  128 OF THE EC TREATY) 

INTRODUCTION 

The  entry  into  force  of  the  Treaty  on  European  Union  brings  significant  changes  for  the 
action  undertaken  by  the  Community  in  the  cultural  sector.  The  determination  of  the 
signatories  to  create  an  "ever-closer  union  of  the  peoples  of  Europe",  notably  through  the 
introduction  of  a  citizenship  of  the  Union,  is  given  substance  through  the  conferment  of 
specific  powers in sectors such as culture. The strengthening of Community  action in  favour 
of culture will  also contribute to  developing the highly  promising  potential  for job  creation 
in this sector. 

Among the important  changes made to the Treaty are the  following: 

Article 3(p), which lists as one of the objectives of Community action: "a contribution 
to  education  and  training  of  quality  and  to  the  flowering  of  the  cultures  of  the 
Member States"; 

Article  92(3)(d),  which  stipulates  that  one  of  the  types  of  State  aid  which  may  be 
considered  compatible  with  the  common  market  is  "aid  to  promote  culture  and 
heritage  conservation  where  such  aid  does  not  affect  trading  conditions  and 
competition  in the Community to an extent that is contrary to the common interest"; 

Article  128 under Title IX providing  a specific  basis for  undertaking  actions which, 
while  respecting the national  and  regional  diversity  of Member  States, are aimed  at 
supporting  and  supplementing the actions of Member  States in  specific  fields. 

These new provisions do not affect the bases on which certain harmonization measures having 
a cultural dimension (for example in the area of the movement and export of cultural goods) 
have been  and will  continue to be taken. 

Article  128 under  Title IX does, however,  call  for  the definition  of guidelines to match  the 
cultural role which Member States want to give to the Community, which will  accommodate 
the actions already initiated by the Community  in the cultural  field,  and for the  specification 
of  new developments. 

Such  is  the  object  of  this  communication,  which  was  announced  in  "New  Prospects  for 
Community Cultural Action" (COM (92)  149) adopted by the Commission on 29 April  1992 
and approved by the Council on  12 November that year. It was stated that "specific proposals 
and  programmes"  in  the  cultural  field  would  be  presented  after  the  entry  into  force  of  the 
Treaty  on European  Union. 

This  communication  is  now  required  in  order  to  outline  the  framework,  on  the  new  basis 
provided  by  the Treaty,  for  Community  support  measures in the cultural  field,  and thus to 
avoid the risk of hiatus in the Community's cultural  action  at the very time the Community 
has stated  its wish  for  that  action to be further  developed. 

This communication  is in three parts: 

An  analysis  of  Title  IX  of  the  Treaty,  which  constitutes  the  foundation  for  the 
development  of the European  Union's action in the cultural field; 

A  section  setting  out,  for  each  field  of  cultural  action,  the  priority  measures  to  be 
based  henceforth  on Article  128; 

A section concerning the incorporation of cultural aspects in other Community policies 
and programmes. 

Annexed to this communication are two proposals for Decisions concerning the Kaleidoscope 
programme and the programme  of support  for  books and reading. 

I. 

ANALYSIS OF TITLE IX (ARTICLE  128V OF THE TREATY  ON 
EUROPEAN  UNION 

The  potential  for  Community  action  can  be  defined  by  reference  to  the  aims  set  out  in 
Article  128(1)  and  (3),  to  the  areas  of  intervention  described  ((2)  and  (3)),  to  the  type  of 
action  assigned  to the Community  ((2)  and  (4)), to the  methods  of  intervention  and  to  the 
decision-making procedure laid down in the Treaty (Article  128(5) and Article  189(b)). The 
aims specified  in Article  128 and the area of intervention take in virtually the entire cultural 
field, and thus open up a wide horizon for  Community  action. 

There are, however, restrictions on the type of action possible, the instruments available, and 
on the procedure to be  followed. 

A. 

Aims (Paragraphs  1 and  3) 

Three very  ambitious aims are set: 

to contribute to the flowering  of the cultures of Member  States while respecting their 
national  and  regional  diversity  and,  at the  same time, bringing the common  cultural 
heritage to the fore; 

to encourage contemporary  cultural  creation; 

to  foster  cooperation  with 
organizations,  in particular the Council  of Europe. 

third  countries  and 

the  competent 

international 

B. 

Areas  of  intervention  (Paragraphs 2  and  3) 

The areas of  intervention  are as  follows: 

at Community  level: 

improvement  of  the  knowledge  and  dissemination  of  the  culture  and  history  of  the 
European  peoples; 

conservation  and  safeguarding  of  cultural  heritage  of  European  significance; 

non-commercial  cultural  exchanges; 

artistic  and literary  creation,  including  in the  audiovisual  sector; 

in  external  relations: 

cooperation  with  third countries  and the  competent  international  organizations  in the 
field  of  culture,  in  particular the Council  of  Europe. 

C. 

Methods  of Community  intervention 

The guiding  principles for  Community  intervention  in the cultural  field  are  subsidiarity  and 
the  requirement  that  it  supplement  Member  States'  action.  The  object  is  to  encourage 
cooperation  between  Member  States  and,  where  necessary,  support  and  supplement  their 
action  in the areas of  intervention  indicated.  Any  harmonization  of the laws and  regulations 
of  Member  States  is  expressly  ruled  out by  Article  128. 

Paragraph  4  of  the  Article  does,  however,  stipulate  that  the  Community  must  take  cultural 
aspects into  account  in  its  other policies. 

This  particularly  significant  statement  means that,  from  now  on,  culture  must be  taken  into 
consideration in the development of all Community action, notably in the formulation  of new 
actions  and policies,  while  ensuring  that Community  law  is  respected. 

In accordance with the principles laid down, priority  in the planning of action must be given 
to  promoting  the  influence  of  Member  States' cultures  and  providing  a  wider  audience  for 
cultural  creativity,  notably  by: 

encouraging  cultural  cooperation  in  the  form  of  networks  and  partnerships  between 
different  players  and promoting  the circulation  of  cultural  works; 

supporting  emblematic  cultural  initiatives; 

making  use  of  the  opportunities  provided,  in  an  information  society,  by  new 
communication  technologies; 

enhancing  the  cultural  dimension  of  socio-economic  development 

The  instruments  of  Community  action  in  support  of  culture  are  essentially  of  two  types: 
financial  support  and technical  assistance. 

D. 

The decision-making  process 

(a)  The procedure (paragraph  5) 

The adoption  of proposals in the cultural field presented  by the Commission  to 
Parliament  and  the  Council  under  Article  128(5)  involves  the  procedure  of 
co-decision  by  Council  and  Parliament,  as  set  out  in  Article  189(b)  of  the 
Treaty,  with  the requirement  of unanimity  in the Council  at every  stage of the 
procedure  as  referred  to  in  that  Article.  In  addition,  a  new  body  - 
the 
Committee of the Regions - must  also be  consulted. 

However, this complex procedure is inspired by the particular sensitivity of the 
cultural field. It requires a wide consensus for incentive measures to be adopted 
and  means that  proposals  should  be  of  a  certain  scale,  both  in  content  and  in 
duration.  Particularly  extensive  advance  consultation  is  necessary  for  the 
procedure to be effectively  put into practice. 

(b)  The measures 

The types of measures which  could be envisaged include: 

Binding measures: 

Decisions  by  Parliament  and  the  Council  (co-decision  procedure)  acting  on 
proposals  by  the  Commission,  adopted  unanimously  by  the  Council  after 
consulting  the  Committee  of  the  Regions,  for  the  organization  of  incentive 
measures. 

Non-binding measures: 

Recommendations by the Council, also to be adopted unanimously  on the basis 
of a Commission  proposal 

II. 

THE  REFERENCE  FRAMEWORK.  BROAD  LINES  OF  ACTION  AND 
COMMUNITY  INCENTIVE  MEASURES  IN THE CULTURAL  FIELD 

The insertion in the Treaty  of  Article  128 means that action taken in the past in the areas of 
intervention  specified  (in  paragraphs 2  and  4)  must  henceforth.be  based  on  Article  128(5) 
without prejudice of other specific legal basis. As a result of this change, Community cultural 
action will  from  now on be a permanent feature  of Community  activity. 

The new reference  framework  for  cultural  action 

The Commission feels  that  a reference  framework  for  cultural  action  should  be  established 
on* the basis of the Treaty. 

On the basis of the objectives  and  the  specific  areas  set out in  the Treaty,  the  Commission 
has sought to identify  the broad  lines of action  and the corresponding types of  action. They 
have  been  identified  by  reference  to  past  experience,  projects  implemented  and  the  new 
potential  offered  by  the  Treaty.  Thus,  three  priority  areas  of  intervention  have  been 

identified:  cultural heritage, books and reading and artistic activities.  For each of them five 
types of actions could be envisaged: enhancement and extension to wider audience, networks 
and  partnerships,  access  to  culture,  research  and  training,  cultural  cooperation  with third 
countries and international organizations. 

1. 

Heritage 

The Commission  has already developed  a number of initiatives  in this key  area of cultural 
action:  pilot  projects  for  the  conservation  of  the  cultural  heritage,  restoration  projects  for 
monuments and sites of symbolic importance, training grants, studies, etc. 

These actions must be redirected and expanded, to include the movable heritage and museums 
and to take into account the technological  developments (multimedia) which give the sector 
new  opportunities  for  profile-raising,  cooperation  and  exchanges.  The  Commission  has 
accordingly embarked on a series of consultation meetings and close contacts with the other 
European  institutions,  the  competent  authorities  in  Member  States,  professionals,  and 
representatives of  international  organizations concerned. 

In  the  light  of  its  findings,  the  Commission  will,  towards  the  end  of  1994,  present  to 
Parliament and Council  a draft communication. 

Moreover,  many  of  the  existing  Community  policies  and  programmes  -  in  particular  the 
structural Funds - have already given a sensitive contribution to the European cultural heritage 
and will be able to contribute more(1). 

2. 

Artistic activities: Kaleidoscope 

Support  for  artistic  activity  with  a  European  dimension  is  one  of  the  best  means  of 
encouraging cultural creativity, of developing cooperation and exchanges and of giving works 
a greater impact and wider distribution.  Several types of  artistic creation can be involved : 
the performing  arts (dance,  music,  theatre,  opera), plastic  and spatial  arts, applied arts and 
audiovisual  works (see Annex). 

The Commission is proposing that Parliament and the Council adopt the attached proposal on 
the Kaleidoscope Programme setting out five categories of incentive measure. 

(!) 

The  Commission,  in the framework  of  innovatory  pilote  actions  during the period 
1994-1999, financed on the basis of Article 10 of the European Regional Development 
Fund,  intends  to  develop  new  axes  of  action,  in  particular  in  the  field  of  cultural 
heritage and of its economical  impact. 

3. 

Books and reading:  ARIANE 

The dissemination and translation of literary and dramatic works are other key areas of action 
at Community level:  such works are one of the prime vectors of a culture, they help to bring 
the cultural heritage to a wider audience and promote literary, artistic and audiovisual creation 
(see Annex). 

Taking the view that this action is entirely consistent with the objectives set out in Article  128 
and in the light of the resolutions passed by Parliament and the Council, the Commission is 
presenting  a  proposal  for  a  Council  Decision  on  a  multiannual  programme  covering  five 
categories of incentive measure. 

* * * * * ** 

The objectives  -  areas of  intervention  relationship  for  these priorities  could  be outlined  as 
follows: 

1.  Cultural heritage of 
European  significance 

Enhancement and extension to 
wider audience 

• restoration of monuments of 
symbolic importance 
- support for one-off events, 
festivals, Eruopean City of 
Culture, European Day 
- digitalization and multimedia 
- European Architecture Prize 

2.  Books and reading 
'ARIANE") 

- assistance for literary and 
dramatic translation 
- European Literature Prize and 
European Translation Prize 

1  Artistic activities 
(kaleidoscope) 

- support for symbolic artistic 
events 

EXAMPLES OF INCENTIVE MEASURES* 

Networks and partnerships 

Access to culture 

Research/training 

- information for different groups 
- raising awareness, of cultural 
content (relations with education, 
tourism, regional development, 
fight  against social exclusion) 
- use of multimedia facilities, 
video-museums 

- grants for training in 
conservation 
• seminars, modules and 
studies 
• research into conservation 
techniques 

Cooperation with third 
countries and international 
organizations 

- support for safeguarding 
and restoration activities 
- participation in training and 
access programmes 

- information and awareness-raising 
(relations with education, and fight 
against social exclusion ...) 
- activities for the development of 
reading 
- use of multimedia facilities 

- grants (literary 
translation) 
- research on the 
preservation of paper and 
leather 

- assistance for translation 
• support for cooperative 
activities 
- participation in training and 
access programmes 

information 
use of multimedia facilities 
fight against social exclusion 

- raising the profile  of 
artistic training 
• further training for 
practising artists 
• travel grants for artists 

• support for cooperative 
activities in the artistic field 
• participation in networks 
and partnerships 

- seminars for the exchange of 
experience 
• cooperation with organizations 
dealing with movable and 
nonmovable heritage 
• twinning arrangements between 
museums, sites ... including use of 
multimedia 
- mobility of professionals 
- joint purchase of works of art 

- incentives for meetings and 
partnerships between publishers 
and booksellers 
- development of a translation 
network 
- library networks 
- use of multimedia facilities 

support for artistic events 
organized in partnership 
• meetings and exchanges of 
experience between professionals 
and other partners involved in the 
field (including those regarding 
less priviledged young people) 

III. 

INCORPORATION  OF  CULTURAL  ASPECTS  IN  OTHER  COMMUNITY 
POLICIES AND  PROGRAMMES 

Article  128(5)  is  not  the  only  basis  for  action  allowing  the  Community  to  pursue cultural 
objectives or to take measures which have an impact on culture.  Paragraph 4 of this Article 
states that "the Community  shall take cultural  aspects into account in its action under other 
provisions of this Treaty". 

This  imposes  the  obligation  on  the  Community  to  take  the  cultural  objective  into 
consideration  in  all  areas of  its activity,  including  in  instruments for  which  the  legal  base 
offers the possibility  of a comprehensive common policy  or where it provides the means to 
establish and operate the internal market. 

But the first thing this requires of the Community  is that it look at the ways in which both 
its internal  policies and its external  policies might include a cultural dimension contributing 
to the achievement of the overall  aims of the Treaty (Articles 2 and 3) and of the objectives 
defined in Article 128(3).  The second requirement is that it take the necessary measures and 
employ  appropriate means. 

To this end: 

The  Commission  will  draw  up  within  one  year  an  inventory  for  transmission  to 
Parliament and the Council, of the cultural dimension of the main Community policies 
concerned.  This report will  deal in particular with the support given to the cultural 
sector under Community policies, notably regional development, the new technologies, 
external  relations, etc.(2). 

The Commission will take internal procedural measures to ensure that the demands of 
culture are given  due consideration when Community  policies  are being formulated 
and implemented. 

The Commission  will  provide appropriate information  on this subject, notably  in its 
work programme and the annual report. 

CONCLUSION 

With the ratification  of the Treaty on European Union and in particular the new Article 128 
inserted in the EC Treaty, new prospects have opened up for cooperation and support in the 
cultural sector. 

If it is to develop fully  within the frontier-free  Europe, the Union's cultural  action will have 
to be based on a programme of priority measures allowing it, while respecting the principle 
of subsidiarity, to maximize its impact and to contribute real added value. 

(2) 

It is worthwhile recalling, in this context, that structural Funds may indirectly support 
cultural  projects via measures of economical  development  such as tourism. 

Proposals for two  such  incentive  measures  are presented  in  Annex  to this communication. 
Further proposals will follow in accordance with a strict timetable.  At the end of this process, 
there will be a programme of cultural action covering several years.  This programme should 
be finalized during  1995.  Existing  actions  will  thus  continue  until  their  replacement  by 
incentive measures, as proposed below. 

The Commission is now asking Parliament and the Council : 

(a) 

to take into account the present Communication, in particular the reference framework 
established according to the objectives set out in Article 128; 

(b) 

to adopt the proposed Decisions concerning: 

the  Kaleidoscope  programme  for  supporting  artistic activity  with  a European 
dimension; 

the "ARIANE" programme of support for books and reading. 

10 

ANNEX - AUDIOVISUAL  PRODUCTION 

Article  128(4) stipulates notably that Community intervention  should aim, where necessary, 
at supporting and supplementing Member States' actions in the field of  "artistic and literary 
and creation,  including in the audiovisual  sector".  It is therefore  necessary  to examine how 
audiovisual  techniques can contribute to the flowering  and dissemination  of Member States' 
cultures (objectives of Article  128), in particular in the context of the information  society. 

Firstly, the means of communication developed in the field of multimedia bring revolutionary 
opportunities for exchanging knowledge and increasing the influence  of artistic creation. 

We  are now  in the  era of  the  computerisation  of  the  heritage  and  of  interactive  networks 
linking  museums,  public  libraries  and  cultural  centres,  thus  permitting  exchanges  of 
knowledge and common research and training,  as well  as an unprecedented level  of  access 
to and use of Member States' cultural riches. These phenomena must be addressed with a will 
to improve the access of all  citizens to their culture and to that of  others and with concern 
to protect the collective property which is the cultural heritage.  Initiatives in these areas can 
contribute to the realisation of programmes implemented on the basis of Article 128. 

Secondly,  it  is  indispensable  to  take  into  account  the  consequences  for  the  European 
audiovisual  programme-making  industry  of  the  implementation  of  new  information 
infrastructures  (trans-European  networks).  Meeting  in  Corfu  on  24  and 25  June  1994, the 
European  Council  stressed  "the  importance  of  the  linguistic  and  cultural  aspects  of  the 
information  society".  In its communication  of  19 July  1994  (COM(94) 347),  "Towards an 
Information  Society in Europe", the Commission stressed the key role played by audiovisual 
policy within that information  society. 

It  should  be  mentioned  in  this  regard  that  the  Commission  adopted  on  6  April  1994  the 
Green Paper entitled  "Strategic options to  Strengthen the European Programme Industry in 
the Context of the Audiovisual  Policy of the European Union".  This document has been the 
subject  of  very  wide  consultation 
in  the  sectors  concerned,  notably  during  the 
European Audiovisual  Conference. 

The  Green  Paper  proposes  three  main  lines  of  action:  the  regulatory  framework,  support 
mechanisms  at Community  level  and the  convergence  of  national  systems.  Although  the 
debate needs to identify  what is at stake and objectives in the long-term, certain issues need 
to be  addressed  in the  short-term.  There are in particular two  such issues.  The first is the 
follow-up  for the MEDIA programme (measures to develop  the audiovisual  industry). The 
second is the possible revision of the "Television without Frontiers" Drective. These measures, 
along with other measures of audiovisual policy such as the Action Plan for the Introduction 
of Advanced Television  are based upon the relevant provisions of the Treaty. 

In  addition,  the  Commission  has  been  organizing  for  several  years  an  action  aimed  at 
supporting  the  development  of  the  European  dimension  of  film  festivals  and  audiovisual 
programmes,  in  order  to  encourage  the  circulation  within  Europe  of  audiovisual  works. 
Initially  funded  from- within the MEDIA programme,  this action will  be the  subject of an 
exceptional  promotional  effort  in  1995  and  1996,  to  coincide  with  the  Centenary  of the* 
Cinema  and  in  accordance  with the  wishes  expressed  by  the  Council  in  its  Resolution  of 
5 November  1993.  . '.-<-^-  ••--*:.-^  .>-r"""'"  ^ " ^^ 

11 

Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and cultural  activities 
having a European dimension 

KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 

12 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

Article  128 of the Treaty  establishing the European  Community  now lays down the general 
objective  of  contributing  "to  the  flowering  of  the  cultures  of  the  Member  States"  and,  in 
particular,  calls for measures to encourage cooperation between  Member  States and  support 
and supplement their action in such areas as improvement of the knowledge and dissemination 
of culture, cultural  exchanges and artistic and literary  creation.  The Article also stresses the 
importance  of  cooperation  by  the  Community  and  its  Member  States  with  non-member 
countries and competent international  organizations in the sphere of culture, in particular the 
Council  of Europe. 

The  Community  is  therefore  required  to  support  steps  taken  by  the  Member  States  to 
encourage  artistic  and  cultural  creation  by  means  of  incentive  measures  that  reflect  the 
subsidiarity principle and offer  a genuine added value both culturally and socio-economically 
in that they favour  operational  synergies. 

In  this  context,  the  Community  provides  financial  support  for  cultural  projects  with  a 
European  dimension,  symbolic  actions  and  cultural  projects  originating  in  non-member 
countries. This financial support, although  limited,  has nevertheless over the years  acquired 
a  certain  significance  because  it  brings  to  the  fore  the  cultural  richness  and  diversity  of 
European  countries. 

The Commission  has tried  to  structure  this action  gradually  to give it greater  visibility  and 
transparency  and to coordinate it with the Community's cultural objectives.  In organizing its 
activities  it  has consulted  experts and  professionals  in the  cultural  field  and  based  itself on 
specific  studies(1),  and  has  enjoyed  the  unflagging  support  of  Parliament,  particularly  as 
regards budget allocations. The effect  of this can be seen in the granting of financial  support 
for  symbolic actions and, from  1991, the organization  of the Kaleidoscope programme, and 
the creation of a budget heading "Cultural cooperation with third countries" to provide support 
for  cultural  projects  involving countries outside the  Community. 

The  Kaleidoscope  programme  is  currently  enjoying  growing  success  with  the  public  and 
cultural  circles. 

Nevertheless, in its present form, the programme is only able to assist between  10% and  12% 
of all  projects  submitted. 

This  scheme  therefore  needs  to  be  extended  to  cover  a  larger  number  of  projects  in  the 
medium  term. 

(1) 

Handbook  for  Plastic  Artists -  1986 
Work of a group of experts (Committee of Cultural Consultants) on theatre, music and 
the  visual  arts  and  "Culture  and  the  European  Citizen  in  the  Year 2000" -  Report  -
November  1989 
Study carried out on behalf of the Commission  on theatre and dance in the nineties -
A programme for  Europe (IETM - February  1991) 
Symposium on live theatre in Europe organized by the University of Paris-Dauphine  -
November  1992. 

13 

The Commission consequently  feels that this programme, which is becoming one of the major 
areas of  Community  action  in the  cultural  field,  should  also  support  large-scale  emblematic 
activities  (e.g.  European  City  of  Culture,  the  European  Communities  Youth  Orchestra,  the 
European Communities Baroque*Orchestra, etc.) and large-scale  cultural  projects carried out 
by  European  cultural  operators.  It would  also like to  see 9  May,  which is  celebrated in most 
Member  States,  used  to  highlight  the cultural  diversity  and richness of  our countries  and,  if 
this  were to  happen,  it  could  support  cultural  projects to  mark  Europe  Day. 

With  this  in  view,  the  Commission  is  planning  to  reorganize  the  Kaleidoscope  programme, 
which  will  in  future  centre  on  the  following  five  incentive  measures: 

Promotion and spread of culture in Europe by means of Community-wide projects and 
emblematic  actions. 

Networks  and  partnerships.  Support for projects carried out in partnership or through 
networks. 

Training.  Projects linking further training for creative and performing artists and others 
active  in  the  cultural  field  with  a  specific  event  with  a particular aim 

Access  to  culture.  Projects  to  encourage  access  to  culture  and  cooperation  between 
professionals  in  the cultural  field  as well  as  local,  national  and European  authorities 
on  themes  related  to  Community  action  on  culture. 

Cooperation  with  third  countries  and  international  organizations. 

In  the  Commission's  view,  once  the  Kaleidoscope  programme  has  been  reorganized  in  this 
way  it  will  be  better  able  to  help  encourage  creation  and  will  have  a greater  impact  on  the 
dissemination  and spread of different cultures throughout Europe. One of its objectives would 
be  for  the  Community  to  support,  between  1996, and the  year  2000,  2000  cultural  projects 
having  a  professional  standard  and  innovative  character,  based  on  genuine  European 
cooperation. 

In conclusion,  the Commission  proposes. 

to  reorganize  the  Kaleidoscope  programme  as  set  out  above; 

to  increase  the  budget  of  the  new  Kaleidoscope  programme  to  improve  its 
effectiveness, 

to  submit these  proposals  under the  new  procedure  laid  down  in  Article  128 EC. 

14 

Proposal  for a 
EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a programme to support artistic and cultural  activities 
having a European dimension 

KALEIDOSCOPE 2000 

94/0188  (COD) 

THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having  regantf  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article  128 thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal  from the Commission, 

Having regard to the Opinion of the Committee of the Regions, 

Whereas the Treaty confers on the Community responsibility for contributing to the flowering 
of the cultures of the Member States by improving the knowledge and dissemination  of the 
culture  and  history  of  the  European  peoples  and  by  encouraging  cultural  exchanges  and 
artistic and literary creation; 

Whereas  cultural  diversity,  as  expressed  at  national,  regional  and  local  level,  must  be 
preserved  and the  works  of  European  artists and writers which  are a manifestation  of  the 
richness  of the many forms they take must be promoted; 

Whereas it is  also important to encourage  all  citizens,  especially  young  people  - and more 
particularly those in less-favoured  circumstances - to become more involved in culture so as 
to promote greater mutual respect and understanding; 

Whereas cooperation through networks is one of the best ways of breaking down barriers and 
helping both professionals and volunteers in the cultural  sector to cooperate more closely on 
the ground, with due regard for the principle of subsidiarity; 

Whereas  Community  action  in  support  of  artistic  and  cultural  events  with  a  European 
dimension, and cultural projects with a Europe-wide scope and symbolic nature, promotes the 
spread of different cultures whilst bringing artists and creators closer to the European public, 
and  can  also  create  added  value  at  a  socio-economic  level  by  encouraging  operational 
synergies and partnership; 

Whereas, in the Solemn Declaration on European Union signed in Stuttgart on  19 June 1983, 
the Heads of State and Government called for more extensive contacts between writers and 
artists of the Member States and a wider dissemination  of their works; 

Whereas Parliament adopted a Resolution on the creation of a European Communities Youth 
Orchestra, and a European Communities Baroque Orchestra was created to mark the European 
Year of Music in 1985; 

15 

Whereas  the  Ministers  responsible  for  Cultural  Affairs  meeting  within  the  Council  on 
13 June 1985 adopted a Resolution0* concerning the annual "European City of Culture" event 
to help bring the peoples of the Member States closer together; 

Whereas,  in  the  conclusions  of  the  Ministers  of  Culture  meeting  within  the  Council  of 
18 May  1990, it was decided to create a "European Cultural Month" to take place each year 
in one city in a European country basing itself on the principles of democracy, pluralism and 
the rule of law<2); 

Whereas the Ministers for Culture meeting within the Council  on 7 June  1991  expressed in 
a  Resolution  "their  determination  to  encourage  the  theatre  in  Europe  and  to  enhance  its 
European dimension"(3); 

Whereas  the  Resolution  of  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  of  Culture  meeting  within  the 
Council  of  14 November  1991  stresses  the  important  role  of  networks  of  cultural 
organizations in cultural  cooperation within Europe(4); 

Whereas the Commission communication of 29 April  1992 on "New prospects for Community 
cultural  action" states that the  arts  sector,  and particularly  the  performing  and visual  arts, 
should be supported by means of trans-national networks and measures to encourage creation; 
whereas the Council, in its conclusions of the Ministers of Culture meeting within the Council 
of  12 November  1992  on  guidelines  for  Community  cultural  action(5)  encouraged  this 
approach; 

Whereas the aforesaid Conclusions pointed out that there was an interest, within the principles 
of the Treaty on European Union, in Community  cultural  action with third countries in and 
outside  Europe,  and  in  European  cultural  cooperation  with  other  competent  international 
forums,  including the Council  of Europe; 

Whereas Parliament,  in its Resolution  on the communication  from the Commission on new 
prospects for Community cultural action(6) and in its Resolution on Community policy in the 
field  of culture(7), stresses the importance of cultural networks and of stepping up support for 
music, theatre, dance and the visual arts, 

(i) 

(2) 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(6) 

(7) 

OJNoC  153, 22.6.1985,  p. 2. 
OJNoC  162, 3.7.1990,  p. 1. 
OJNoC  188,  19.7.1991, p. 3. 
OJNoC  314,  5.12.1991,  p. 1. 
OJNoC  336,  19.12.1992,  p.  1. 
OJNoC  42,  15.2.1993, p.  173. 
OJ No C 44,  14.2.1994, p.  184. 

16 

HAVE ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 

Article 1 

The  Commission  shall  set  out,  for  a five-year period  from  1996,  an  action  programme, 
contained  in  the  Annex,  to  promote  knowledge  and  dissemination  of  the  culture  of  the 
European  peoples,  particularly  in  the  fields  of  the  performing  arts,  visual  or  spatial  arts, 
multimedia  arts  and  applied  arts,  through  cultural  exchanges  and  emblematic  events  (the 
"Kaleidoscope 2000" programme), hereinafter referred to as "the programme". 

The aims of the programme shall be as follows: 

Article 2 

to encourage  artistic and cultural  creation  in Europe in the fields of the performing 
arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts by bringing such creation 
closer to different  European publics; 

to  support  innovative  cultural  projects  of  professional  standard  and  of  European 
interest involving genuine European cooperation; 

to  encourage  cultural  exchanges  in  order  to  contribute  to  mutual  awareness,  thus 
promoting access to culture for less privileged categories; 

to encourage the promotion and spread of culture in Europe; 

to promote arts and culture in order to develop the job-creation potential in this sector, 
especially for the benefit of young people. 

Article 3 

To attain the objectives of the programme, the Community shall provide financial  support for 
the following incentive measures which are intended to support and supplement measures by 
the Member States in the fields of artistic and cultural creation, cultural exchanges and artistic 
and cultural  dissemination: 

1. 

Promotion and spread of culture: 

(a) 

support for large-scale emblematic cultural projects with a European dimension; 

(b) 

support  for  large-scale  cultural  projects  carried  out  by  European  cultural 
partners. 

17 

I. 

Projects carried out in partnership or in cooperation through networks: 

(a) 

support for artistic and cultural  events organized in partnership, that is to say, 
jointly  organized by partners from  at least three Member States or by cultural 
networks, and involving creative artists or others active in the cultural field from 
.  at least three Member States, and entailing creative work to be disseminated and 

presented to the public; 

(b)  Support  for  meetings  and  exchanges  of  knowledge  and  experience  between 
professionals and others active in the cultural field, jointly organized by partners 
from  at  least  three  Member  States,  or  by  cultural  networks,  and  involving 
participants from at least three Member States. 

For  this  type  of  project,  priority  shall  be  given  to  European  cultural  networks 
involving either non-profit making cultural organizations or professionals engaged in 
developing common cultural action. 

5. 

Training: 

Support for  projects linking  the- training of  creative or performing  artists or others 
active  in  the  cultural  sector  with  artistic  and  cultural  events  supported  by  this 
programme. 

4. 

Access to culture: 

Support  for  cooperation  between  those  active  in  the  cultural  sector  or  regional, 
national  or  European  authorities  on  specific  themes  within  the  fields  of  arts and 
culture,  either through  meetings  at European  level  or through  studies  and research 
directly linked to the development of Community action on culture. Priority shall be 
given to projects using multimedia tools. 

5. 

Cooperation with non-member countries and international organizations: 

(a) 

(b) 

support  for  large-scale  cultural  projects  representative  of  European  culture, 
taking place  outside the Community  with the participation of  artists from the 
Community; 

support  for  artistic  and  cultural  cooperative  ventures  involving,  in  both 
organization and participation in the event, partners from at least two European 
third  countries  and  one  Member  State.  The  project  must  be  submitted  by  a 
cultural  body  from  a European third country  and must include  creative work 
intended for public display  or dissemination; 

(c) 

support  for  meetings  and  exchanges  of  knowledge  and  experience  between 
professionals and others involved in the cultural sector. Priority shall be given 
to  cultural  networks  which  develop  cultural  activities  in  European  third 
countries. 

Priority  shall  be  given  to  non-member  countries  with  which  the  Community  has  signed 
association or cooperation agreements incorporating cultural clauses. 

18 

The  Community  and  the  Member  States  shall  promote  cooperation  with  the  relevant 
international organizations in the cultural sector, and in particular with the Council of Europe, 
whilst  ensuring that the instruments adopted  are complementary  and respect the individual 
identity  and autonomy of each institution and organization. 

Article 4 

The Commission  shall  be responsible for implementing the programme. For the purpose of 
carrying out that task, the Commission  shall be assisted by the Advisory  Committee for the 
incentive measures in the cultural field (hereinafter referred to as "the Committee"), according 
to the procedure laid down in Article 5. 

The  Committee,  of  an  advisory  nature,  shall  consist  of  representatives  appointed  by  each 
Member State and shall  be chaired by a representative of the Commission. 

Article 5 

The  representative of the Commission shall submit to the Committee a draft of the measures 
to be taken. The Committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft within a time limit which 
the chairman may lay down according to the urgency of the matter, if necessary by taking a 
vote. 

The opinion shall be recorded in the minutes; in addition, each Member State shall have the 
right  to ask for its position to be recorded in the minutes. 

The Commission  shall take the utmost account of the opinion  delivered by the Committee. 
It shall inform the Committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 

Article 6 

After  the  programme  has been  in  operation  for  two  years,  and within  six  months  of that 
period, the Commission, after having consulted the Committee, shall present a report on the 
results achieved to the European Parliament and the Council, accompanied, where necessary, 
by appropriate proposals. 

On expiry of the programme, the Commission, acting in accordance with the procedure laid 
down in Article 5, shall submit a report on the implementation and results of the programme 
to the European Parliament and the Council. 

Article 7 

The programme, containing  practical  information  on procedure, national  organizations able 
to provide  technical  assistance to cultural  projects,  the closing  dates for the  submission  of 
applications and the documents which must accompany the applications,  shall be published 
each year in the "C" series of the Official  Journal of the European Communities. 

19 

This Decision  shall  enter  into force  on the twentieth  day  following  that of  its publication  in 
the Official  Journal  of the  European  Communities. 

Article 8 

This Decision  is addressed  to the Member  States. 

Articled 

Done at Brussels, 

For the European Parliament 
The President 

For the Council 
Hie President 

W 

COMMUNITY  SUPPORT  PROGRAMME 
FOR ARTISTIC  AND CULTURAL  PROJECTS  HAVING  A EUROPEAN  DIMENSION 

ANNEX 

KALEIDOSCOPE  2000 

CONDITIONS  OF PARTICIPATION 

To promote the awareness and dissemination  of the culture of European peoples, particularly 
in the fields of the performing arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts, the 
Community is planning to support cultural  projects with a European dimension and symbolic 
actions  and  to  give  priority  to  cooperation  between  those  professionally  involved  in  the 
cultural  sector,  particularly  by  means of networks. 

To this end, the Community  is organizing the Kaleidoscope  2000 Programme which includes 
the following  measures: 

Action 1 
Promotion  and  spread of culture  in  Europe 

1. 

2. 

The programme is open to large-scale cultural projects with a European dimension and 
of an  emblematic  nature. 

Depending  on  the  quality  of  the  proposed  programmes,  the  following  shall  be 
considered  to be large-scale European projects  with  an emblematic  character: 

cultural events which are already well established at European level, such as the 
European  City  of  Culture,  the  EC  Youth  Orchestra,  the  EC  Baroque 
Orchestra, etc.; 

cultural  events organized jointly by the Member  States to mark  Europe Day on 
9  May; 

large-scale,  high-quality  cultural  projects  with  a  European  dimension  which 
enable  the  cultural  and  socio-economic  impact  of  projects  carried  out  in 
partnership to be  assessed. 

3. 

The projects  described  at  point 2  must be the  subject  of an  individual  application  to 
the European  Community; the application  must be accompanied  by: 

a detailed description  of the actions to be undertaken  in the course of the year; 

a detailed  budget for  these actions; 

an evaluation  of the actions undertaken  in the year preceding the application  to 
allow an assessment of both the cultural  quality and the socio-economic  impact 
of the results obtained. 

21 

Applications  should be sent  no later than 
Culture  Unit, 200 Rue de la Loi, B-1049 Brussels. 

to the European  Commission,  DG X, 

Projects  must  have  adequate  financial  cover  to  ensure  that  they  can  be  completed. 
Community  support for  a project  may in no circumstances cover the entire costs. 

Applications  will  be  examined  separately  and  selected  by  the  Commission's 
departments. 

Action 2: 
Networks  and  partnerships:  Support  for  events  and  cultural  projects  carried  out  in 
partnership  or through  networks 

1. 

The programme  is open to cultural  and artistic projects jointly  organized  by  partners 
from  at least three Member  States, or by cultural  networks, and involving creative or 
performing  artists  or  others  active  in  the  cultural  sector  from  at  least  three 
Member  States. 

2. 

The following  shall  be considered  to be cultural  cooperation  projects: 

Any artistic or cultural event involving creative work intended for public display 
or dissemination in Europe. The areas chosen are as follows: the performing arts 
(dance,  music,  theatre,  opera, etc.),  visual  or  spatial  arts  (painting,  sculpture, 
carving, engraving, etc., architecture, photography  and design), multimedia arts 
and applied arts. 

Events  such  as conferences,  seminars  or  meetings between  professionals  from 
the cultural  sector organized  by cultural  networks or others involved  in  culture 
from  at least three Member  States, and involving creative or performing  artists 
or others involved in the cultural  sector from  at least three Member  States. The 
sectors involved are the visual arts, performing arts, spatial arts, multimedia arts, 
applied  arts  and  related  areas  such  as  cultural  administration,  the  cultural 
economy,  sponsorship, etc. 

3. 

Projects  submitted for the Kaleidoscope programme must be of European interest, of 
high  quality  and innovatory  and  exemplary  in nature, and take place in 19... 

4. 

The following  are excluded: 

cultural  cooperation  projects  of a purely  regional,  national  or bilateral  nature; 

cinema or television events; 

cultural  heritage projects; 

literary translation projects; 

the production of material and publications not forming an integral  part of the 
event (monographs, collections,  reviews, records, CDs, videos, etc.); 

feasibility  studies; 

22 

investment or operating costs of the cultural organizations which do not form  an 
integral  part of the event in question; 

cost of preparing future  cooperation  projects; 

cost of  setting up networks. 

5. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

Generally  speaking,  support  for  a  cultural  event  may  not  be  repeated.  However,  in 
certain  cases  the  Community  may  provide  assistance  to  cultural  networks  for  a 
maximum  of three consecutive years, provided that there is continuity  in the project. 
The renewal  of Community assistance will be assessed by independent experts on the 
basis of the activity  report for  the project  submitted by the network. 

Projects  must  have  adequate  financial  cover  to  ensure  that  they  can  be  completed. 
Financial  assistance for a project under the Kaleidoscope programme may not exceed 
25% of the total  cost of the project  and in any  event may not exceed  ECU 30 000. 

The application  forms  and a copy  of this notice can be obtained from  the Offices  of 
the European  Commission in the Member  States or from  the European  Commission, 
DG X, Culture Unit, rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Brussels. 

Applications  for  financial  support  should  be  sent  to  the  European  Commission  in 
Brussels.  Applications should be postmarked no later than 

The Commission, according to Articles 4 and 5 of Decision No ... of....  will  decide 
whether or not to provide financial  support to the selected  projects. 

Action  3: 

1. 

2. 

3 

Further training for creative or performing artists or others active in the cultural sector, 
which is immediately put to use in specific projects with a particular aim, encourages 
contemporary  creation.  Priority will therefore  be given to projects for  cultural  events 
which include training or further training courses in their organization. These projects, 
which will  contribute to develop the potential  of job  creation in the field of arts and 
culture, will  notably  benefit  to young people. 

Financial  assistance with training may be granted to some of the cultural  and  artistic 
cooperation  projects  (Action  2)  selected.  This  support  may  not  exceed  50%  of  the 
Community's contribution  to the event  or cultural  project. 

The  Commission,  in  cooperation  with  Member  States,  shall  take  care  of  ensuring 
complementarity  between  the  actions  of  this  programme  and  the  Community 
programmes in the field of education  and training,  Socrates and Leonardo. 

23 

Action 4: 
Access to culture 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

By  way  of  an  extra,  and  in  order  to  improve  cultural  cooperation  between  those 
working in the cultural sector and regional, national and European authorities, support 
may be provided in specific  cases limited to meetings organized at European level or 
to  studies  and  research  directly  linked  to  the  development  of  Community  cultural 
action. 

These  meetings  and  studies  shall  not  be  directly  linked  to  the  cultural  projects  and 
events  receiving  support  under  the  Kaleidoscope  2000  programme  (Actions  1,  2 
and 3). 

Applications for financial  assistance must be sent to the European Commission, DG X, 
Culture  Unit (200, rue de la Loi  - B-1049 Brussels), no less than two months  before 
the date of the meeting or study. They must contain a detailed description of the aims 
and content  of the meeting or  study  as well  as a detailed  budget for  the  operation. 

Applications must demonstrate adequate financial cover to ensure that the action can 
be completed. In any event, the Community's contribution may not exceed 50% of the 
total  costs of the meeting  or study. 

Applications  will  be  selected  by  the  Commission  by  reference  to  the  quality, 
usefulness  and  subsidiarity  element of the project  submitted. 

Action  5: 
Cooperation  with  non-member  countries  and  international  organizations 

1. 

Community  support  for  cultural  cooperation  projects  with  non-member  countries  is 
organized  along  similar  lines to  aid  for  projects  involving the  Community  countries 
referred  to  in  points  1,  2,  3  and  4.  In  this  connection,  priority  is  given  to  projects 
signed 
involving 
association/cooperation  agreements  with  cultural  clauses,  such  as  the  countries  of 
Central  and Eastern  Europe and the Latin  American  countries. 

countries  with  which 

the  Community 

third 

has 

2. 

The following  projects  are eligible: 

* 

* 

Large-scale  cultural  projects  representative  of  European  culture,  taking  place 
outside  the  European  Community  with  the  participation  of  artists  from  the 
Community  (e.g. European  Culture Month). 

Artistic  and  cultural  cooperation  projects  or  meetings  and  exchanges  of 
knowledge  and  experience  between  professionals  and  others  involved  in  the 
cultural  sector,  involving,  in  both  organization  and  participation  in  the  event, 
partners from  at least two non-Community countries and one Member State. The 
project  must  be  submitted  by  a cultural  body  from  a non-Community  country 
and  must  include  creative  work  intended  for  public  display  or  dissemination. 
Priority  shall be given to cultural  networks which develop genuine cooperation 
between  the Community  and  non-member countries. 

24 

In this  connection  the  Community  will  seek  synergy  with  competent  international 
organizations,  and  in  particular  with  the  Council  of  Europe,  while  respecting  the 
individual  identity and autonomy of action of each institution and organization. 

25 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

1. 

2. 

3. 

Title of operation 
Support programme for artistic and cultural projects with a European dimension -
KALEIDOSCOPE 2000. 

Budget headings involved 
B3-2001; B3-2003; the external section of the programme will be financed also on the 
basis of Title IV fo the Budget 

\ 

Legal basis 
Article  128 of the EC Treaty 
Decision n° ... of 

.... 

4. 

Description of operation 

The aims of the programme are as follows: 

to encourage artistic and cultural creation in Europe in the fields of the 
performing  arts, visual or spatial arts, multimedia arts and applied arts by 
bringing this creation closer to different  European publics; 

to support innovative cultural projects of professional  standard and of European 
interest involving genuine European cooperation as regards circulation of the 
work; 

to encourage cultural exchanges, in order to contribute to mutual awareness 
thus promoting access to culture for less priviledged categories; 

to encourage the promotion and spread of culture in Europe. 

to promote arts and culture in order to develop the potential job creation in this 
sector, notably for young people. 

The programme includes the following measures: 

Promotion and spread of culture: 

Support is provided for large-scale emblematic cultural projects with a 
European dimension, such as the European City of Culture, the European 
Communities Youth Orchestra, the EC Baroque Orchestra, Europe Day 
(9 May), etc.  Support is also provided for large-scale cultural projects carried 
out by European cultural partners, particularly in the fields of the performing 

26 

arts, visual arts, and applied arts (e.g. projects by the Mozart Foundation, 
Germinations or the Union of Theatres in Europe). 

Projects carried out in partnership or in cooperation through networks: 

Support is provided for artistic and cultural projects organized either by 
partnerships involving operators from at least three Member States or by 
cultural networks with the aim of encouraging European cultural cooperation. 
Events  and projects organized in non-member countries with which the 
Community has signed association or cooperation agreements are also 
considered, provided that these events and projects involve at least two 
non-member countries and one Member State. 

Training: 

In the case of projects organized in partnership or through networks, additional 
support is provided for training schemes directly linked to projects for creative 
or performing  artists or others active in the cultural sector.  These projects, 
which will  contribute to develop the potential of  job creation in the field of 
arts and culture, will notably benefit to young people. 

Access to culture: 

Support is provided for cooperation between professionals  in the cultural sector 
or regional, national or European authorities on specific  topics in the fields  of 
art and culture, whether in form of meetings at European level or through 
studies and research directly linked to the development of Community action in 
the cultural sector.  Special attention is paid to projects using multimedia tools. 

Cooperation with third countries and international organizations is increased to 
the extent that cultural projects from third countries are considered under the 
programme.  The Community and the Member States also promote cooperation 
with competent international organizations in the cultural  sector, and in 
particular with the Council of Europe, by ensuring that the instruments adopted 
are complementary  while respecting the individual  identity and autonomy of 
action of each institution and organization. 

The programme will  last for five years, from 1996 to 2000. 
By the year 2000 the Kaleidoscope  2000 Programme should be able to support 
2  000 events and cultural projects.  Priority will be given to projects organized by 
cultural networks. 

5. 

Classification  of expenditure or revenue 

Non-compulsory 
Differentiated 

27 

6. 

Type of expenditure or revenue 

6.1 

6.2 

6.3 

6.4 
6.5 

6.6 

100% subsidy 
No 
Subsidy for joint financing with other sources in the public and/or private 
sector 
This is the usual form of Community investment in partnership with other 
sources of funding from public or private organizations. 
Interest subsidy 
No 
Other 
Should the operation prove  an economic success, is there provision for  all or 
part  of the Community contribution to be reimbursed? 
No 
Will the proposed  operation cause any change  in the level of revenue? 
No 

7. 

Financial impact on appropriations for operations 

7.1 

7.2. 

The calculations are based on estimates of the unit costs of the operation and 
the number of operations. 
Present situation and budgetary planning of Kaleidoscope  2000 

ACTION  HEADINGS 

BUDGET 
HEADINGS 

BUDGET 
1994 

1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

Emblematic 
actions 

Kaleidoscope 
sections I/I II 

Further 
Training 

Theater and 
music, studies 
and 
operational 
meetings 

Cooperation 
with Third 
Countries 

TOTAL 

B3-2001 

0.750 

0.750 

1.200 

1.400 

1.800 

B3-2001 

2.350 

2.450 

2.900 

3.200 

3.600 

B3-2001 

0.850 

0.850 

1.100 

1.200 

1.200 

B3-2001 

0.500 

0.500 

1.200 

1.400 

1.600 

B3-2003 

1.000 

1.000 

2.000 

2.400 

2.800 

5.450 

5.550 

8.400 

9.600 

11.00 

28 

Estimate budgetary planning of Kaleidoscope 2000 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

TOTAL 
ECU 
million 

1.95 

6.00 

8.9 

3.1 

1.45 

25  000x8 
0.20 

25  000x12 
0.25 

25 000x16 
0.60000 

25  000x24 
0.60 

25  000x24 
0.60 

0.60 

0.70 

0.80 

0.90 

3.0 
(3 X  1) 

1.20 

0.35 

0.15 

4.30 

0.20 

7.0 

1.30 

0.35 

0.15 

5.35 

0.25 

8.40 

1.40 

0.40 

0.15 

5.90 

0.30 

9.25 

2.50 

1.00 

0.50 

2.50 

1.00 

0.50 

11.90 

12.30 

39.75 

0.60 

0.60 

1.95 

18.00 

20.50 

63.15 

I.  SYMBOLIC 
ACTIONS 

Europe day 

European  city of 
culture 

European  month 
** 

Symbolic & 
large-scale 
actions* 
-  performing  arts 

-visual  &  spatial 
arts 

-  applied  arts 

II. 
PARTNERSHIPS, 
NETWORKS, 
TRAINING 

III. ACCESS  TO 
CULTURE 

TOTAL 
ACTIONS 

IV. COMPLE 
MENTARY 
MEASURES 

Information  & 
publications  about 
actions  (2-3.5%) 

Technical 
assistance  in 
Brussels  (8%) 

TOTAL 

0.20 

0.20 

0.25 

0.50 

0.50 

1.65 

0.30 

7.50 

0.40 

9.00 

0.50 

10.00 

1.00 

(19.5) 

1.00 

(22.00) 

3.20 

68.00 

** 
N.B. 

E.g.  European  Community  Youth Orchestra, European  Community  Baroque Orchestra, Mozart 
Foundation,  etc. 
The  external  section  of the programme  will  be financed  notably  on the basis of Title  IV of the  Budget. 
The  amounts  indicated  in the tables are only  indicatives.  The annual  budget will  be fixed  by the 
budgetary  authority within the annual budgetary procedure.  The amounts for  1999 et 2000 are  indicated 
in brackets as the internal  budgetary planning  is not yet available. 

29 

8. 

What  anti-fraud  measures are  planned  in the  proposal  for  the  operation? 
All  contracts  will  include  a clause  providing  for  the  possibility  of  spot  checks  by  the 
authorizing  departments,  Financial  Control  and  the  Court  of  Auditors.  In  addition, 
payments  are  made  only  on  production  of  invoices  certified  as  being  accurate. 

9. 

elements  of  cost-effectiveness  analysis 

9. J  Objectives  and  coherence  with  financial  programming 

The  first  aim  of  this  action  is  the  promotion  and  spreading  of  the  cultural  richness  and 
diversity  of  our  countries  as  a  key  element  of  the  European  identity  and  thus  of 
European  Union. 

By  fostering  cultural  exchanges  among  our countries  and  regions,  this  programme  will 
equally  aim  : 

to  encourage  artistic  and  cultural  creation  (art.  128  §  2)  thus contributing  to 
give  a wider  audience  to  our artists  and creators; 
to  promote  the  access  to  culture  of  a  larger  and  diversified  audience; 
to  promote  arts and  culture  in order to  develop  the  potential  of job  creation  in 
this  sector,  notably  for  young  people, 
to  foster  cultural  cooperation  among  our countries  as  well  as  certain  third 
countries. 

- 

To  match  these  objectives,  the  programme  will  provide  a significant  Community 
contribution  : 

to  cultural  events  of  a  European  dimension  (participation  of  partners  of  at  least 
three  Member  States).  In this context,  the aim  of  the  programme  will  be  to 
support  to  some  2000  cultural  projects  over  five  years.  Moreover,  in  the 
framework  of  these  2000  projects, a support  is equally  given  for  actions  of 
further  training  for  artists,  creators  or  interpreters  as  well  as  other  partners  of 
the  cultural  sector; 
to  large-scale  emblematic  cultural  events,  with a  European  dimension, 
organized  by  European  cultural  partners  (eg.  the  European  City  of  Culture,  etc.) 

The  Commission  aims  to  use  this programme  to complement  the  measures  introduced 
by  the  Member  States  in  the  field  of  the arts and artistic  and  cultural  exchanges,  while 
at the  same  time  respecting  the  principle  of  subsidiarity. 

The  programme  is  aimed  directly  at creative  artists and performers  and organizers  of 
cultural  events.  However,  given  that the  cultural  events  in  question  are  to  be  presented 
to  a  broad  audience  in the  Community  and third countries,  its target  group  is  a  much 
larger  public. 

30 

The  financial  impact  of  the  programme  is due  to  the  fact  that  the  measure  proposed  is 
a  new  one  based  on  the  principle  of  subsidiarity  and also  to  the  needs  of  the  cultural 
field,  aimed  at a  wider  dissemination  of  culture  as  well  as  the  development  of  cultural 
cooperation  at  European  level.  Moreover,  this financial impact  lakes  into  account  the 
adhesion  by  1995,  of  four  new  Member  States  as well  as  the  opening  of  the  cultural 
programmes  to  the  countries  of  Central  and  Eastern  Europe.  The  latter  having 
indicated  their  specific  interest  for  cultural  cooperation. 

9.2 

Grounds  for  the  operation 

Cultural  exchanges  and  the  dissemination  of  cultural  works  remain  very  limited. 
Community  investment  in  this  area must  be  increased  substantially  to  contribute  to  the 
flowering  of  the  cultures  of  the  Member  States  and  ensure  closer  cultural  cooperation 
between  them. 

Moreover,  our  societies  increasingly  compelled  to  rapid  structural  changes  and  to 
reorganize  working  time,  are  brought  to  introduce  more  prominently  culture  as an 
element  of  participation,  of  human  and democratic  values  and  fight  against  social 
exclusion. 

In the  face  of  these  trends,  it  is  important  to  foster  cultural  communication  in  order to 
preserve  cultural  identities,  while  at  the  same  time  helping  them  to  become  more 
widely  known  throughout  Europe  and  beyond  and to  benefit  from  multilateral 
exchanges  and  contacts. 

Community  support  for  cultural  events  and projects  will  in  no  way  take  the  place  of 
action  by  the  Member  States.  It  seeks  to  promote  European  cultural  cooperation  and 
complement  and  support the  efforts  by  Member  States  in the  field  of  cultural 
exchanges  and artistic  and cultural creation.  The  measures  proposed  should  be  at 
Community  level  because  the  Member  States  would  be  unable  to  undertake  such 
projects  in  isolation. 

Community  support,  however  limited,  will  lend added  socio-economical  value  as  it 
encourages  operational  synergies  and  partnership.  This  support  has a  multiplying 
effect  as  it will  also  act  as an  incentive  to  further  financial  commitments  from  the 
public  and  private  sector,  making  it easier  to raise  the necessary  fundings  for 
transeuropean  projects; moreover  it contributes  to maximise  the  potential  of job 
creation  in th efield  of  arts and culture  notably  for young  people  (cfr.  chapter  8  of  the 
White  Book). 

31 

9.3  Monitoring  and  evaluation  of  the  operation 

During  the  six  months  following  the  completion  of  the  first  two  years  of  operation  of 
the  programme,  the  Commission,  having  consulted  the  Committee  referred  to  in 
Article  5,  will  submit  a  report  to  Parliament  and to  Council,  evaluating  the  results  and, 
where  necessary,  making  appropriate  proposals. 

At  the  end  of  the  programme  and  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  set  out  in  Article 
5,  the  Commission  will  submit  a  report  to  Parliament,  the  Council  and  the  Committee 
of  the  Regions  on  the  application  and  results  of  the  programme. 

10. 

Administrative  expenditure  (part  A  of  the  Budget) 

Will  the  proposed  operation  involve  an  increase  in  the  number  of  Commission  staff?  If 
so,  how  many? 

No. 

32 

Proposal  for a 

EUROPEAN  PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 

establishing a support programme in the field of 

books and reading 

ARIANE 

33 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

This proposal  concerns  the introduction  of  a Community  scheme  to encourage  translation  in 
Europe. 

1. 

Article  128 of  the  EC Treaty  requires the Community  to  "contribute to the  flowering 
of  the  cultures  of  the  Member  States,  while  respecting  their  national  and  regional 
diversity  and  at the  same  time bringing  the common  cultural  heritage to  the  fore". 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6 

One  of  the  areas  of  cooperation  between  Member  States  to  which  incentive  actions 
may be directed is the improvement of the knowledge and dissemination of the culture 
and  history  of  the  European  peoples  and literary  creation. 

Translation contributes to the dissemination  of ideas and knowledge and, on a general 
level, enhances cultural  and economic exchanges between Member States and with the 
rest of  the  world. 

In  a  multicultural,  multilingual  community,  translation  is  an  essential  condition  for 
direct  access  by  the  mass  of  Europe's  citizens  to  the  richness  and  diversity  of  our 
national  and  regional  cultures  In  this  context,  Community  action  is  intended  to 
accompany and support efforts  by the Member States at regional  and national level  to 
promote  translation  with  a  view  to  engendering  greater  familiarity  and  a  better 
understanding  among  Europe's citizens  and  highlighting  their common  heritage. 

Public  access  to  the  contemporary  writing  of  other  countries  and  regions  of  the 
Community  is  hampered  by  socioeconomic  factors,  arising  above  all  from  the 
linguistic  fragmentation  of  the  Community  and the  current  limits  of  multilingualism 
as well  as translation  costs. 

In  this  context,  most  Member  States  have  stepped  up  their  schemes  or  measures  to 
subsidize translation through grants to publishers or translators both for the publication 
of  foreign  works  translated  into  the  national  language  and  for  the  translation  and 
publication  of  major  national  works  in  foreign  countries. 

The  international  organizations  operating  in  the  field  of  culture,  such  as  Unesco  and 
the  Council  of  Europe,  have  also  set  up  schemes  to promote  translation. 

The  Unesco  literary  translation  programme  (Unesco  series  of  representative  works), 
launched  in  1948,  seeks  to  promote  the  translation  and  publication,  primarily  into 
English  and  French,  of  works of  literature  selected  from  the  world's literary  heritage 
in  some  of  the  least  widely  disseminated  languages  in  the  world.  The  impact  of  this 
programme on European literature has been extremely  limited (Europe is not regarded 
as a priority  under this  scheme). 

34 

The  Council  of  Europe  launched  a programme  to  support  the  translation  of  works  in 
minority  European  languages  in  1957.  A  maximum  of  two  works  put  forward  by 
member countries were awarded grants each year to cover the costs of translation. The 
experiment  proved  unsatisfactory  and was  abandoned  in  1967. 

A  new  scheme  to  stimulate  translation  was  set  up  in  1993  at  the  request  of  the 
Ministers of Culture.  The budget of the Council  of  Europe's Cultural  Fund earmarked 
for  promoting  translation  and  translator  training  was  ECU  15  152  in  1994.  The 
priorities  agreed  for  this  programme  were  the  translation  of  children's  books  and 
scientific  texts  of  significance  to  all  European  countries. 

Following  a  Resolution  by  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  responsible  for  cultural 
affairs of  18  May  1989 concerning the promotion of books and reading, the European 
Community  launched  a  pilot  project,  starting  in  1989  for  an  experimental  period  of 
five  years, to provide financial  support to translations of contemporary  literature.  This 
pilot  scheme  represented  a  significant  increase  on  the  selective  support  which  the 
Community  had  provided  for Jiterary  translation  since  1982. 

The  organizational  details  of  the  pilot  project  were  agreed  by  the  Committee  on 
Cultural  Affairs  and  published  annually  in  the  Official  Journal  of  the  European 
Communities.  The project had a total budget  of  ECU  1 million  over five  years,  or an 
annual  grant  averaging  ECU  200  000.  In  the  period  1990-93,  258  works  were 
translated  with  Community  assistance  out  of  a  total  of  813  applications  (31.65%), 
representing  a total  of  ECU  850  443  (an  average  of  ECU  3  296  per translation). 

In  its  Communication  on  "New  prospects  for  Community  cultural  action",  the 
Commission  advocated  developing  Community  action in favour of translation,  and in 
particular: 

7. 

8. 

9. 

supporting  the translation  of  more  literary  works; 

devoting  more attention  to  minority  languages; 

ensuring greater representation of different  literary genres, and in particular those 
published  in  more  limited  editions  (plays,  poetry,  etc.); 

introducing specific  categories  -  particularly the translation of reference  works  -
to improve knowledge  and dissemination  of the culture and history  of  European 
peoples; 

opening  up the  possibilities  created  by  the existing  measures to the countries  of 
Central  arid Eastern  Europe 

10. 

The  European  Parliament,  in  three  resolutions  in  particular  (A3-0159/92  -  Larive; 
A3-396/93  -  Barzanti;  A3-0386/93  -  Canavarro),  has called  for a significant  increase 
in Community  action to promote translation  and,  more generally,  books and reading. 

35 

11. 

12. 

In  their  Conclusions  of  12 November  1992  on  guidelines  for  Community  cultural 
action,  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  of  Culture  emphasized  the  importance  they 
attached  to  translation  and  called  for  priority  to  be  given  to  minority  European 
languages. 

The Commission, too, in its Communication of...  July  1994 on "European Community 
action  in  support  of  culture",  identified  books  and  reading  as  a  priority  area  for 
implementing  Article  128  and  defined  the  framework  for  incentive  measures  -
including  translation -  which  could  support  and  complement  efforts  by  the  Member 
States while  respecting  the principle  of  subsidiarity. 

13. 

It  is  against  this  background  that  the  Commission  is  proposing  the  ARIANE 
programme,  whose  aims  are as  follows: 

to  encouragé  wider  dissemination  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  that are 
representative  of  the  culture  of  the  Member  States,  by  giving  priority  to 
translations of  works in  the  less  well-known  languages  of  the Community. 

The  emblematic  Aristeion  Prizes -  one  for  literature,  the other  for  translation  -
are an  integral  part of  these  measures  to promote  and  publicize  the  wealth and 
diversity  of  literary  creativity  in  the  Community  by  means  of  translation.  The 
proposal  also provides for increased synergy between these prizes and grants for 
literary  translation in order to increase their impact  (ARIANE  -  Part I); 

to  contribute  by  means  of  translation  to  the  dissemination  of  works  of 
contemporary  theatre  in  order  to  offer  European  audiences  a  varied  repertoire 
that is  representative  of  the culture  of  the Member  States; 

to encourage the dissemination  of reference works to promote knowledge of the 
culture  and  history  of  Europe's  peoples,  particularly  in  the  areas  referred  to  in 
Article  128(2)  and (4)  of  the  EC Treaty; 

to supplement and complement efforts at national and regional level with a series 
of measures at Community  level  relating in particular to cooperation  in the form 
of  networks  and  partnerships,  initial  and  further  training  and  research  to 
accompany  and  complement  Community  measures  to promote  and  disseminate 
works  in  both  the  preparatory  and follow-up  stages; 

to  promote  cooperation  in  the  field  of  books  and  reading  between  the 
Community  and its Member  States  on the  one  hand and  non-member  countries 
and the relevant international  organizations such as the Council  of Europe on the 
other,  while  respecting  the  identity  and  autonomy  of  each  institution  and 
organization.  Specific  arrangements  are made for opening  the programme  up to 
the  countries  of  Central  and  Eastern  Europe  that  have  concluded  association 
agreements  ("Europe  agreements")  containing  a  specific  clause  on  cultural 
affairs.  In addition,  particular attention  is  paid in the framework  of the relations 
of the Community  and its Member  States with  non-member countries to certain 
Latin American  countries and CIS  states which  have made translation  a priority 
area for  cultural  cooperation. 

36 

Proposal for a 
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND COUNCIL DECISION 
establishing a support programme in the field of 
books and reading 

ARIANE 

94/0189 (COD) 

TOE  EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND Tfffi  COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article  128 thereof. 

Having regard to the proposal from Ae Commission, 

Having regard to tike opinion of the Committee of the Regions, 

Whereas the Treaty entrusts the Commission with the task of: 

contributing to the flowering  of the cultures of the Member States, while respecting 
their national  and regional diversity, 

- 

c  encouraging  cooperation between  Member States and,  if  necessary,  supporting and 
supplementing their action, particularly  as regards artistic and literary creation, 

fostering cooperation with third countries and the competent international organizations 
in the sphere of culture, and in particular the Council  of Europe; 

Whereas promoting translation contributes to knowledge and dissemination of the culture and 
history  of  the  European  peoples,  to  maintaining  the  diversity  of  literary  creation  and the 
literary heritage expressed in the various national and regional languages, and to intercultural 
exchanges and to promoting the access of citizens - and in particular the less-favoured ones -
to culture; 

Whereas  it  is  necessary  to  encourage  high-quality  translation  of  literary  works  within  the 
Community,  in particular by advanced training in this  field; 

Whereas  the  Community  institutions  have  recognized  the  importance  of  knowledge  and 
dissemination  of literary  works, by means of translation in particular, as is apparent from: 

the Resolution  of the Council  and of the Ministers responsible for Cultural  Affairs, 
meeting within the Council, of 9 November  1987 on the promotion of translation of 
important works of European culture0'; 

ID 

Or No C 309^  19 11.1987, p. 3 

the  Resolution  of  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  responsible  for  Cultural  Affairs, 
meeting within  the Council,  of  18  May  1989  concerning the promotion  of books and 
reading(2), 

the  Parliament  Resolution  on  promoting  books  and  reading  in  Europe(3), 

the  Conclusions  of  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  of  Culture  meeting  within  the 
Council  of  12  November  1992  on  guidelines  for  Community  cultural  action(4), 

the  Resolution  of  the  Council  and  the  Ministers  meeting  within  the  Council  of 
17  May  1993  on the promotion  of the translation of contemporary  European dramatic 
works(5); 

Whereas the Commission's Communication of 27  July  1994 on "European Community  action 
in support of culture", which  makes books and reading a priority area,  sets out the framework 
for  incentive  measures  to  support  and  complement  the  efforts  of  Member  States,  while 
respecting  the  principle  of  subsidiarity; 

Whereas, in the initial  phase,  Community  measures to promote books and reading are centred 
on  the  translation  of  literature  and  drama  and  reference  works  in  the  cultural  field, 
accompanied  by  support  measures  in  both the preparatory  and follow-up  stages, 

HAVE  ADOPTED  THIS  DECISION: 

Article 1 

The  Community  shall  set  out  from  1996  an  action  programme  to  promote  knowledge  and 
dissemination  of  European artistic  and literary  creation,  notably  by  means of translation  (the 
ARIANE  programme),  hereinafter  referred  to  as  "the programme". 

The  aims  of  the  programme  shall  be  as  follows: 

Article  2 

to  encourage  wider  dissemination  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  that  are 
representative  of  the  culture  of  the  Member  States,  giving  priority  to  translations  of 
works in the lesser known languages of the Community  and promoting  them through 
emblematic  measures; 

(2) 

(3) 

(•») 

<5) 

OJ  N oC  183,  20.7.1989,  p. 1 
OJ  N oC  42,  15.2.1993,  p.  182. 
OJ  N oC  336,  19.12  1992,  p.  1. 
OJ  N oC  160,  12.6.i993,  p.  1. 

38 

to contribute,  by  means of translation,  to the  dissemination  of  contemporary  drama, 
to offer  European  audiences  a varied  repertoire  that  is representative  of the  cultures 
of the Member States; 

to foster  the dissemination  of  reference  works  with  a view  to promoting  knowledge 
of the culture and  history  of the European  peoples,  particularly  in the areas  referred 
to in  Article  128(2) and  (4) of the Treaty; 

to  support  and  complement  efforts  at  national  and  regional  level  with  a  series  of 
measures  at  Community  level  relating  in  particular  to  cooperation  in  the  form  of 
networks and partnerships,  initial  and  further  training,  and  research. 

Article 3 

The  activities  described  in  the  Annex  shall  be  carried  out  in  pursuit  of  the  aims  set  out  in 
Article  2. They  shall  be implemented  according to the procedure  laid  down  in  Article 6. 

Article 4 

In carrying out the programme the Community and the Member States shall foster cooperation 
with non-member countries and cooperation with competent international  organizations in the 
cultural  sphere, and in particular the Council  of Europe; every care shall be taken in relations 
with the latter to avoid duplication and ensure the complementarity of the measures proposed, 
whilst  respecting the identity  and  autonomy  of each  institution  and  organization. 

Specific arrangements are set out in the Annex for opening up the programme to the countries 
of Central  and Eastern  Europe that  have signed and ratified  association  agreements with the 
European  Community  containing  a clause on cultural  affairs. 

Special  attention  shall  also be paid in the framework  of the relations of the Community  and 
the Member  States with third countries to particular countries that intend to make translation 
a priority  area in their cultural  cooperation  programme. 

Article 5 

The Commission  shall  be responsible for  implementing  the programme. 

For  the  purpose  of  carrying  out  that  test  the  Commission  shall  be  assisted  by  the 
Advisory  Committee  for  the  incentive  measures  in  the cultural field laid down  in Article .5 
of  Decision  No ....  of 

concerning  the Kaleidoscope  2000 programme. 

39 

Article  6 

The  representative of the Commission  shall  submit to the Committee a draft of the measures 
to be  taken.  The  Committee  shall  deliver  its  opinion  on the  draft  within  a time  limit  which 
the chairman  may  lay  down  according to the urgency  of the matter,  if  necessary  by  taking a 
vote. 

The opinion  shall  be  recorded  in the  minutes;  in  addition,  each  Member  State  shall  have the 
right to  ask  for  its  position  to be  recorded  in the  minutes. 

The  Commission  shall  take  the  utmost  account  of  the  opinion  delivered  by  the  Committee. 
It shall  inform  the Committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken into account. 

Article  7 

After  the  programme  has  been  in  operation  for  two  years,  and  within  six  months  of  that 
period, the Commission, having consulted the Committee referred to in Article  5, shall present 
a  report  on  the  result  achieved  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council,  and,  where 
necessary,  make  appropriate  proposals. 

On  the  expiry  of  the  programme,  the  Commission,  acting  in accordance  with  the  procedure 
laid  down  in  Article  6,  shall  submit  a report to the  European Parliament  and the Council  on 
the  implementation  and results  of  the  programme. 

Article  8 

The  programme,  containing  the  practical  information  on  the  organizational  structures  at 
national  level  able  to  provide  technical  assistance  for  cultural  projects,  the  deadlines  for 
submitting  applications  and  the  documentation  which  must  accompany  the  request,  shall  be 
published  annually  in  the  "C" series  of  the Official  Journal  of  the European  Communities. 

Articled 

This  Decision  shall  enter  into force  on the twentieth  day  following  that of  its publication  in 
the  Official  Journal  of  the  European  Communities. 

This  Decision  is  addressed  to the  Member  States. 

Article  10 

Done  at  Brussels, 

For the  European  Parlimanet 
The  President 

For the  Council 
The  President 

40 

COMMUNITY  SUPPORT  PROGRAMME  IN  THE  FIELD OF  BOOKS AND  READING 

ANNEX 

Incentive measures under the ARIANE  programme 

The incentive measures are set out below together with  a brief indication  of how they are to 
be  applied.  The  practical  arrangements  will  be  finalized  later,  in  accordance  with  the 
procedure provided  for in Article 6. 

Section  I.  Promotion  and  circulation 

1 

Translation  grants 

(a)  Grants  for  the  translation  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  to  ensure  wider 

dissemination  through  publication 

Grants are provided for the translation of works of contemporary literature (novels, short 
stories, literary essays, literary histories, biographies, plays, poetry) that are representative 
of  the  culture  of  their  country  of  origin  and  likely  to  appeal  to  a  broad  European 
audience. 

Contemporary  literature  shall  be taken  to mean  literature published  for  the first time in 
the  20th  century,  with  priority  being  given  to  works  published  for  the first time  since 
1945.  In exceptional  cases, literary  works published  at the end of the  19th century will 
be eligible. 

In  order  to  qualify,  works  must  already  have  been  translated  and  published  in  two 
Community  languages (in  addition  to the  original  language).  The grant  is to  subsidize 
translation  into two additional languages. 

In order to give priority to less well-known  languages, works written in these languages 
can be directly eligible for a grant to subsidize translation into two additional Community 
languages, without  having been  previously  translated  into other Community  languages. 
Grants are also provided for the translation  of works whose publication on the European 
market is not regarded  as viable without  a Community  subsidy. 

Grant applications must be sent by one or more publishers from  a Community  Member 
State  to  the  Commission  -  Cultural  Unit  (200,  rue  de  la  Loi  -  B-1049  Brussels).  The 
application submitted by the publishers) must include the agreement of the translator(s). 
The grant may cover up to  100% of the translator's fee negotiated according to the usual 
market practice. 

The publisher must undertake clearly to acknowledge the translator and the Commission 
contribution. 

41 

The  publishers  must state that they  hold  any rights to the  publication  and/or  translation 
of  the  work  which  is the  subject  of  the  application. 

The  works  will  be  selected  twice  a year  on  the basis  of  the  following  priorities: 

the work's  literary  merit 

-

the  promotion  and  circulation  of  the  literature  of  Community  countries  and  in 
particular  works in  less  well-known  languages. 

(b)  Grants for the translation  of works of drama with a view  to wider dissemination  through 

public  performances 

Grants are made for the translation  of works of drama that have already been  performed 
on  stage  or broadcast  in the  audiovisual  media  and  have  already  received  some  critical 
and  popular  acclaim. 

Priority  will  be  given  to  contemporary  works  written  since  1945. 

The  works  nominated  must  already  have  been  translated  into  at least  two  languages; at 
least  one  of  the translations must  be based  on  a specific  plan  for  a public  performance. 

The  initial  application  m.ust  be  submitted  by  managers,  directors  or  producers  from  a 
Community  Member State with a view  to staging  a public performance  of the play.  The 
application  must  be  made  simultaneously  to  the  Community  and  to  the  liaison  offices 
which must issue an opinion on whether or not the works nominated qualify  as priorities. 

The  final  selection  of  works  to be  translated  will  be  made  on  the basis  above  all  of  the 
quality  of the works nominated.  As concerns the choice of the translations a balance will 
be  ensured  between  the translations  into  widely-known  languages  and  the  one  into  less 
well-known languages, to increase the chances of the works reaching a large and diverse 
audience. 

The  subsidy  will  take the form  of  a translation  grant  of up to ECU  3  500.  It in  no way 
affects  any  royalties  that might  be  due the authors or translators  in  connection  with  the 
performance,  broadcast  or publication  of  the translated  work. 

The  liaison  offices  will  act  as  the  depositaries  of  the  translations  completed  with  the 
Commission's  assistance  and  must  ensure  that  the  translations  are  given  only  to  those 
interested  in  performing,  broadcasting  or  publishing  the  work  and  having  to  this  end 
obtained the agreement of the rights holders.  This provision applies mutatis mutandis to 
the  people  referred  to above. 

42 

(c)  Grants  for  the  translation  of  reference  works  with  a  view  to  wider  dissemination  of 
information  between  the  professionals  and  the  competent  authorities  of  the  Member 
States 

Grants for  the translation  of  reference  works are intended to facilitate  the  exchange 
of  information  and  pooling  of  experience,  thereby  fostering  cooperation  between 
Member States in the areas referred  to in  Article  128 of the Treaty  establishing  the 
European  Community,  and  in  particular  the  areas  to  which  the  Community  has 
accorded  priority  in  its  cultural  policy. 

The  Community  has  the  potential  to  contribute  a significant  added  value  with  this 
type  of  action.  However,  given  the huge  field  that could  be  covered,  grants for  the 
translation of  reference  works will,  at least initially,  be developed  in the form  of an 
experimental,  model  scheme  of  limited  scope. 

Grants  for  the  translation  of  reference  works  will  be  given  to  studies  and  reports 
dealing  with  the  practices  and  systems  which  exist  in  other  Member  States  in  the 
sphere of culture which  help to highlight the questions of mutual  interest relating in 
particular to  Article  128(2)  and  (4). 

The grant  application  must  be  accompanied  by  the  information  needed  to  establish 
that  the  work  to  be  translated  would  indeed  make  a  substantial  contribution  to 
knowledge  of  the  area in  question,  as  well  as  an  indication  of  the  target  languages 
and the  written  agreement  of  the  author and translator. 

A  maximum  of  100 reference  works  may  be  translated  into  at least  two  languages 
over  a  five-year  period. 

The  nominations  will  be  made  to the  Commission  by  the competent  authorities  of 
the  Member  States  and  the  final  selection  will  be  made  in  the  light  of  the  interest 
expressed  in  the  translation  of  these  works by  the  representatives  appointed  to  the 
Advisory  Committee  for  the  incentive  measures  in  the  field  of  culture.  The  works 
will  be translated  into as  many  languages  as deemed  necessary. 

The Community  contribution, supplied after the written agreement of the author has been 
obtained,  may  be  made  in  one  of  two  ways,  depending  on  the  origin  of  the  work: 

if  the work  nominated  for  translation  was presented  by  a publisher,  acting  through 
the  intermediary  of  the  Member  State,  with  a  view  to  placing  it  on  the  European 
market,  Community  aid  will  be  provided  on  similar  terms  to  those  laid  down  for 
grants  to  translations  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  (Section  I-1 a); 

if the work  nominated  for translation  through  the intermediary  of the Member  State 
is  not  intended  for  commercial  exploitation  (e.g.  it  is  to be translated  on  behalf  of 
a  university,  research  centre  or  specialist  institute,  etc.),  Community  aid  will  be 
provided in the form of a grant to help the translators carry out their work  on similar 
terms to  those  set  out  for  translation  of  works  of  drama  (Section  1-1 b). 

43 

The Commission  will  periodically  distribute  a  list  with  details  of  the  works  translated 
under this scheme. 

2.  Emblematic  action:  Aristeion  Prizes,  synergy  with  translation  grants 

Aristeion  Prizes:  European  Literature  Prize and  European  Translation  Prize 

By  publicizing  works  of  outstanding  merit  the  Aristeion  Prizes (one for  literature,  the 
other for  translation) contribute to the knowledge and dissemination  of literary  creation 
and offer  an  incentive to writers and translators,  notably  those of new creators. 

Without  ruling  out the possibility  of  changes being  made to the practical  arrangements 
for  the prizes under  the procedure  provided  for  in  Article 6 of this  Decision,  the main 
rules governing this scheme, as published in OJ  No C 35, 15.2.1990, are adopted as they 
currently  stand. 

The works nominated for the European literature prize are therefore automatically eligible 
for a grant towards the cost of their translation into at least two additional  languages, on 
similar terms to those set out for  literary  works (Section 1.1  a)) provided  an application 
to this effect  is submitted  directly  to the Commission  by  a publisher. 

Section  II  Support  measures 

Supporting  translation  is  not  an  end  in  itself,  but  a  means  to  promote  knowledge  and 
dissemination  of European cultures and literary  creation. Community measures to assist 
translation  must therefore be combined, in both the preparatory and the follow-up stages, 
with  other Community  activities aimed  at  stimulating  and  supporting the  efforts  of the 
competent  authorities in the Member States and the professionals  in the field, their role 
being to introduce  a European  dimension. 

1.  Fostering  synergies  at  European  level  through  networks  and  the  development  of 

partnerships 

Raising  standards  in  literary  translation  in  conjunction  with  networks  and  professional 
organizations such as the  International  Federation  of Translators, the European  Council 
of Associations of Literary  Translators and the European  network  of schools of literary 
translation,  by  supporting  initiatives  aimed  in  particular  at: 

promoting  literary  translation,  particularly  translation  of a high  standard, 

the pooling of experience and  expertise between  professional  translators, 

encouraging  the  development  of  partnership  schemes  in  cooperation  with  regional 
authorities  and/or other  public or private operators, with  a view to stimulating  aid 
for  the translation  of literature in  Europe, 

44 

encouraging  partnership  arrangements  aimed  at  facilitating  access  to  information 
needed for the dissemination  of works in translation, notably  through the use of new 
technologies  and  other  multimedia  tools. 

Supporting the initiatives developed  by  networks of libraries in  Europe and  professional 
organizations  in  the  field,  aimed  at  pooling  experience  at  European  level  on  the 
promotion and development  of European literature and other themes of common interest. 
This  activity  complements  the  schemes  developed  by  DG  XIII  in  the  field  of  library 
automation. 

Supporting  initiatives  and  encounters  developed  by  local  and  regional  authorities, 
sometimes in conjunction with professional  networks and in particular networks of small 
and medium-sized publishers, library networks and non-profit associations or foundations 
concerned  with books and literature.  The main  aim is to promote and facilitate  access to 
and dissemination  and knowledge of European  literature,  among other things by  helping 
to  open  up the  possibilities  offered  by  new  multimedia  tools. 

Supporting  the  evaluation  and  dissemination  of  the  results  of  research  and  initiatives  in 
this area. 

2.  Support measures concerned  more specifically  with making  literature more accessible  to 

the public  and to young  people  in  particular 

Selective  measures  to  support  efforts  to  promote  reading,  particularly  where  these 
help to spread knowledge, via translation, of the literature of different  countries and 
regions  of the Community,  undertaken  at the  initiative  of  the competent  authorities 
of  the  Member  States  (exhibitions,  European  days,  events  for  the  general  public, 
etc.), 

support  for  the  exchange  of  information  and  experience  between  the  competent 
authorities and professionals of the Member States, particularly as regards promoting 
reading  among  young  people  (meetings  of  experts  on  particular  themes,  research, 
etc.), 

support  for  pilot  and  innovatory  projects  with  a  European  dimension  aimed  at 
promoting reading and European  literature among young  people,  carried out by  the 
competent  authorities,  particularly 
local  authorities  and  structures  with  a 
quasi-educational  purpose,  associations,  networks,  foundations  (including  research 
and  pilot  project  to  fight  against  illeterarcy  and deleteracy), 

support  for  the  evaluation  and  dissemination  of  the  results  of  the pilot  experiments 
and  research  carried  out  in  this area. 

45 

3.  Further training and  research 

(a)  Further training  of  literary  translators 

In view of the small  number of translators capable of translating works of literature, 
or at least  translating  from  and  into the  less  well-known  languages,  and the  highly 
specialized  nature of this type  of further training, the Community  complements  the 
efforts  of  the competent  authorities  of the Member  States by  providing  support  for 
the  further  training  of  literary  translators to  help  raise  standards. 

This support  is  provided  in  the form  of grants and allowances  to cover  the costs  of 
travel,  advance  training  courses  and/or  contributions  to  seminars  or  meetings  on 
aspects  of  translation. 

Grants and other forms of Community  aid provided for under this heading are made 
for  educational  projects  presented  by  associations,  foundations,  colleges  and 
institutes  specialized  in  the  field  of  literary  translation,  after  consulting  the 
competent  authorities  of  the  Member  States. 

(b)  Complementary  training  measures  for professionals  working to promote knowledge and 

dissemination  of  European  literature 

Community assistance may be given, where appropriate, to specific training seminars 
organized  by  professionals  or  public  organizations  engaged  in  promoting  and 
disseminating  European  literature.  It  will  be  provided  to  complement  initiatives 
developed  via  the  relevant  networks  and  in  response  to  specific  applications 
submitted  in  connection  with  meetings  organized  in  this  context  (Section  II-l). 
Priority  will  be given  to themes  of  common  interest  relating  to  Article  128(4). 

(c)  Studies  and research 

As  a  prelude  to  the  grants  for  the  translation  of  reference  works  referred  to  in 
section  H-3.a),  Community  support is  also  available  for joint  research  projects  between 
several  Community  countries,  particularly  those  undertaken  via  the  networks  or  public 
partnerships referred  to in section  II-l  and relating to themes  of common  interest  in the 
areas cited  in  Article  128 of the EC  Treaty.  Priority  will  be  given  to projects  involving 
the  pooling  of  results  and  synthesis  of  research  carried  out  separately  by  the 
Member  States,  with  a view  to enabling  all  those interested  to derive  maximum  benefit 
from  the research  and experiments  carried  out in the Community  and avoid  duplication. 

Community  support  will  be  restricted  -  in  the  first  phase  -  to joint  research  projects  in 
the  field  of  books  and  reading  and  those  investigating  access  to  and the  dissemination 
of European  literature within the Community,  taking into account the direct and indirect 
impact  of  other Community  policies  in  this area. 

Limited,  selective aid may be given to those engaged  in innovative research projects that 
are  still  in  the  preparatory  stage  but  already  involve  participants  from  at  least  three 
Member  States.  The  aid  is  to  help  them  find  new  partners  so  that  the  research  may  be 
organized  and  carried  out  effectively  (study  visits,  feasibility  studies,  etc.). 

46 

Support  will  be  provided  for  the  evaluation  and  dissemination  of  the  results  of  the 
research  carried out  in this area 

Section  III  Cooperation  with  non-m ember  countries 

1.  Specific  arrangements  for  opening  up the  ARIANE  programme  (Sections I  and  ID  to 

countries of Central  and  Eastern  Europe that  are a party  to Europe  agreements 

In line with the conclusions of the Copenhagen  European  Council  (21-22 June  1993), a 
number of programmes have to be opened up to countries of Central and Eastern Europe 
that  are  party  to  Europe  agreements  (Poland,  Hungary,  Bulgaria,  Czechoslovakia, 
Slovenia,  Romania). This applies particularly  to agreements in the cultural field. Title 7 
of the European  agreements  on culture refers  explicitly  to translation.  Sections  I and  II 
of the ARIANE programme  must therefore  be opened  up to these other countries.  The 
Association Councils will decide the terms of this participation.  The countries of Central 
and Eastern Europe will themselves meet the extra costs arising from  their involvement. 
If  necessary,  and  under  certain  conditions,  a  contribution  could  be  made  from  the 
Community  budget. 

2.  Promoting knowledge and dissemination of literary creation, particularly  via translation, 
in the dialogue between the Community and its Member States and certain third countries 

Certain  third  countries have made translation  a priority  area for  cultural  cooperation  in 
their  mutual  relations with the Community  and its Member  States. This is the case, for 
example,  of the agreements with  certain  Latin  American  countries and  CIS states. 

The Community  and the Member States could therefore develop cooperation  in the field 
of  translation  on  the  basis  of  applications  submitted  in  the  framework  of  the  Joint 
Committee provided  for  in the agreements  in question. 

Efforts  will be made to achieve synergy with the competent  international  organizations, 
and the Council  of Europe in particular,  while respecting the identity  and  autonomy  of 
each institution  and  organization. 

47 

FINANCIAL  STATEMENT 

1.  Title  of  operation 

Community  support  programme  in  the  field  of  books  and  reading  -  ARIANE 

2.  Budget  heading  involved 

B3-2001;  B3-2003;  the  extenal  section  of  the  programme  will  be  financed  also  on  the 
basis  of  Title  IV  of  the Budget. 

3.  Legal  basis 

Article  128  of  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Community 
Decision  No  ...  o f . .. 

4.  Description  of  operation 

4.1  The  aims  of  the  programme  are as  follows: 

to  encourage  wider  dissemination  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  that  are 
representative of the culture of the Member States, by giving priority to translations 
of  works  in  the  less  well-known  languages  of  the  Community, and  ensuring  they 
receive  greater  recognition  by  means,  for  example,  of  emblematic  gestures; 

to  contribute  by  means  of  translation  to  the  dissemination  of  contemporary  drama 
in order to offer  European audiences a varied repertoire that is representative of the 
culture  of  the  Member  States; 

to  encourage  the  dissemination  of  reference  works  to  promote  knowledge  of  the 
culture  and  history  of  Europe's  peoples,  particularly  in  the  areas  referred  to  in 
Article  128(2)  and  (4)  of  the  EC Treaty; 

to  support  and  complement  efforts  at  national  and  regional  level  with  a  series  of 
measures  at  Community  level  relating  in  particular  to  cooperation  in  the  form  of 
networks  and  partnerships,  initial  and  further  training,  and  research. 

The  programme  comprises the following  activities: 

I.  Promotion  and  circulation 

Grants for  translation. 

1 A. 1  Grants  for  the  translation  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  to  ensure  wider 

dissemination  through  publication. 

1A.2 

Grants  for  the  translation  of  works  of  drama  with  a  view  to  wider  dissemination 
through  public  performances. 

48 

I A3 

Grants for the translation  of reference  works with a view  to wider dissemination  of 
information  between the professionals  and the competent authorities of the Member 
States. 

IB 

Emblematic  action:  Aristeion  Prizes  (European  Literature  Prize  and  European 
Translation  Prize),  synergy  with  translation grants. 

II. 

Support  measures 

IIA. 1 

Fostering  synergies  at  European  level  through  networks  and  the  development  of 
partnerships. 

11.2 

Support  measures  concerned  more  specifically  with  making  literature  more 

accessible  to the public  and to young  people  in particular. 

IÎ.3A 

Further  training 

A.l 

Further training  of  literary  translators 

A.2 

Complementary  further  training  measures  tor  professionals  working  to  promote 

knowledge  and dissemination  of  European  literature 

II.3.B  Research 

HI. 
IIIA 

IIIB 

Cooperation  with  third  countries 
Specific  arrangements  for opening  up the  ARIANE  programme  (Sections  I and  II) 
to countries  of  Central  and  Eastern  Europe. 
Promoting  knowledge  and  dissemination  of 
literary  creation,  particular  via 
translation,  in  the  dialogue  between  the  Community  and  its  Member  States  and 
certain third countries. 

The  programme  will  run for  five  years,  from  1996 to  2000. 

5.  Classification  of  expenditure  or  revenue 

Non-compulsory  expenditure 
Differentiated  appropriations 

6.  Type  of  expenditure or  revenue 

6.1  100%  subsidy 

Only  for  grants  for  the  translation  of  works  of  contemporary  literature  with  a  view  to 
wider  dissemination  through  publication.  The  grant  may  cover  up to  100% of  the  fees 
of  the  translator  negotiated  according  to  the usual  market  practice. 

49 

6.2  Subsidy for  joint financing with other sources in the public atnJ or private sector 

This is the usual form of Community  involvement in partnership with other sources of 
funding from public or private organizations.  Service contracts will  also be concluded. 

6.3  Interest subsidy 

No 

6.4  Other 

^ 

6.5  Should the operation prove an economic success,  is there provision for  all or part  of the 

Community contribution to he reimbursed? 
No 

6.6  Will the proposed operation cause any change in the level of revenue? If so,  what sort 

of change and what tyfx* of revenue is involved? 
No 

7.  Financial  impact 

7.1  The calculations are based on estimates of unit costs of the Community  operation and 

the number of operations. 

7.2  Present situation and budgetary  planning of ARIANE 

ACTION 

Headings 

Budget 
Linc(s) 

Budget 
1994 

PDB 
1995 

1996 

1997 

1998 

. 

Books and 
Reading 

Further 
Training 

Cooperation 
with third 
countries 

TOTAL 

B3-200I 

0.650 

0.650 

1.200 

1.400 

1.500 

B3-200I 

0.300 

0.300 

0.400 

0.500 

0.500 

B3-2003 

0.400 

0.400 

0.500 

0.600 

0.700 

1.350 

1.350 

2100 

2.500 

2.700 

I 

50 

1996 

1997 

1998 

1999 

2000 

Total 

I  1.  Promotion 

1  and 

|  circulation 

I .if cran' 

1 3 7 x4  000 

162  x  4  000 

225  x  4.000 

X50  x  4.000 

1  KM) x  4.000 

2.475  x  4  000 

translation 

KCU  0.55  mill 

KCU  0.65  mill 

KCU  0.90mill 

KCU  3.4  mill 

KCU  4.40  mill 

KCU  9.90mill 

Drama 

35  x  7.  000 

50  x  7  (KM) 

71  x  7  (MM) 

213  x  7  000 

285  x  7  (MM) 

657  x  7  (MM) 

KCU  0.25  mill 

KCU  0.35  mill 

KCU 0.50  mill 

KCU  1.5mill 

KCU  2.0  mill 

KCU  4.60  mill 

Retcrence 

KCU 0.25  mill 

KCU  0.35  mill 

KCU 0.40  mill 

KCU  1.50  mill 

K C U2  00mill 

KCU  4.50  mill 

| 

works 

Aristeion 

Prizes 

0..15 

0.35 

0.35 

0  45 

0.5 

1.90 

-  organization 

62  x  4  000 

« 7 x4  000 

KM)  x  4  006 

3 0 0 x4  000 

5 0 0 x 4 0 00 

1050  x  4  (MM) 

•  translation 

0.25 

0.35 

0.40 

1.20 

2.00 

4.20 

11  Support 

measures 

Synergies 

0.05 

Access  to 

0.10 

0.10 

0.Ï0 

0.15 

0.10 

0.20 

0.20 

0.30 

0 JO 

0X0 

0.80 

| 

1 

| 

| 

culture 

Further 

framing 

0.40 

0.45 

0.50 

0X0 

1.00 

3.15 

Research 

0.05 

TOTAI, 

2.25 

0.05 

2.70 

0.10 

3.60 

0.20 

9.45 

0.30 

0.70 

12.60 

30.60 

MKASURKS 

III.  Complc-

|  mentary 

|  measures 

1  (!«*•) 

| 

Information. 

0.10 

0.10 

0.10 

0.20 

0.35 

0 X5 

|  publications 

about 

measures 

Technical 

0.10 

0.10 

0.20 

0.65 

0.70 

1.75 

assistance 

National 

0.05 

0.10 

0.10 

0.20 

0.35 

0.80 

offices 

TOTAI. 

2.5 

3.00' 

4.00 

.(10.50) 

•(1.4.00) 

KCU  34.0mill 

N.B. 

N.B. 

The external section of the programme  will  IK*  financed also on the basis of Title  IV  of the budget. 

'Ilic amounts indicated in the table arc only indicatives.  Hie annual budget will be fixed by the budgetary authority  within the 

annual budgetary  procedure. 'Ilic  amounts for  1999 and 2000 arc indicated in brackets as the internal budgetary planning is not 

vet available. 

51 

8.  What anti-fraud measures are planned in the proposal  for the operation? 

All contracts will  include a clause providing for the possibility of spot checks by the 
authorizing  departments,  Financial  Control  and the  Court of  Auditors.  In addition, 
payments are made only  on production of invoices certified  as being accurate. 

9. 

Elements of cost-effectiveness  analysis 

9.1 

Aims and consistency  with the financial  planning 

The first aim of this action is the promotion and spreading of the cultural richness and 
diversity  of  our  countries  as  a  key  element  of  the  European  identity  and  thus  of 
European Union. 

By fostering a better awareness and spreading of culture as well as of the artistic and 
literary creation (art. 128 §2), this programme will  equally aim: 

- 

to encourage a larger dissemination of contemporary literary works and drama 
works, thus contributing to give a wider audience to our artists and creators; 

to improve the access to culture for a wider and diversified  public, notably a 
less priviledged public of our countries; 

to stimulate cultural cooperation among the professionnals of our countries as 
well  as those of certain third countries. 

To match these aims, the programme will make a significant contribution by offering 
scope for improving the dissemination of more than 2400 literary works and more than 
650 plays over five years. In addition, approximately  100 reference works will become 
more accessible to specialists in Europe. 

By this programme, the Community intends to complement the measures taken by the 
Member States as concerns translation and dissemination of literary and drama works 
as well  as the cooperation among professionnals in the area in the full  respect of the 
principle of subsidiarity. 

The programme is aimed firstly  at the authors and translators of contemporary works 
of  literature,  managers,  directors  and  producers  from  Community  Member  States 
intending to stage a public performance  of a work of  drama and other professionals 
in the literary and theatrical world. However, it also seeks to enable the general public 
to become better informed  about the diversity  of European literature and culture. 

The financial  impact of the programme is due to the fact that the measure proposed 
is  a  new  one,  based  on  the  principle  of  subsidiarity,  and also  to  the  needs  of  the 
cultural field, aimed at a wider dissemination  of culture as well  as the development 
of cultural  cooperation  at European level 

52 

Central  and  Eastern  Europe  Trie  latter  having  indicated  their  specific  interest  for 
cultural cooperation. 

9.2  Grounds for the operation 

Works of  literature  and drama are currently  disseminated  to  only  a limited  extent. 
Community  investment  in  this  area  must  be  increased  substantially  to  ensure that 
contemporary  literature  and drama reach  a wider  public  in the  Member  States and 
certain third countries. 

Translation  is  an  essential  precondition  for  stepping  up  cultural  and  economic 
exchanges between Member States and with the rest of thé world. There is a specific 
and important  issue at stake here, not only  for professional  translators but also, and 
above  all,  for  the  European  public  as  a  whole,  given  the  effective  limits  of 
multilingualism  In a multicultural, multilingual  community a coherent overall policy 
on literary translation is crucial  for genuine European integration. 

To  correct  the  effects  of  undiluted  market  forces,  it is  essential  that  the  measures 
envisaged  at  European  level  contribute first and  foremost  to  the  dissemination  of 
works  in  languages  which  are  at  the  moment  not  sufficiently  widely  known  in 
linguistic areas which have to date been too shut off from the literature and thinking 
of other Community  and non-Community countries. 

The  Community  aid  to  translation  which  this  programme  would  provide  would 
complement  the  measures  taken  by  certain  Member  States  in  this  area,  generating 
synergy. It would provide a Community added value by strengthening the weak links 
in  the  distribution  chain  for  literature  in  less  well-known  languages.  Eighty-five 
percent of all translations published in Europe today  are of works originally  written 
in  English,  French  and  German.  The  effort  required  cannot  be  made by  individual 
Member States or bilateral agreements  Only measures developed at Community level 
can offer the necessary  framework. 

Moreover,  Community  support  will  also  act  as  an  incentive  to  further  financial 
commitments  from  the  public  and  private  sector,  making  it  easier  to  raise  the 
necessary  funding for projects. 

9.3  Monitoring and evaluation of the operation 

During the six months following the completion of the first two years of operation of 
the  programme,  the  Commission,  having  consulted  the  Committee  referred  to  in 
Article 6,  will  submit a report to Parliament,  the Council  and the Committee  of the 
Regions evaluating the results and, where necessary,  making appropriate proposals. 

At the end of the programme, the Commission will  submit a report to Parliament, the 
Council  and  the  Committee  of  the  Regions  on  the  application  and  results  of  the 
programme. 

53 

10. 

Administrative  expenditure  (part  A  of  the  Budget) 

Will  the proposed  operation  involve  an increase  in the number of  Commission  staff? 
No 

54 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(94) 356 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

16 

Catalogue number : CB-CO-94-371-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-72186-3 

Offîce for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg 

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