Amended proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE on Packaging and Packaging Waste
Date: 1993-09-09
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: consumer information, environmental protection, packaging, packaging product, waste management, waste recycling

COMMISSION  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  COMVIUNITIES 

COM(93) 416 final  - SYN 436 

Brussels,  9 September  1993 

Amended  proposal  for a 

CQUNCIL DIRECTIVE 

on Packaging and Packaging Waste 

(presented  by  the Commission  pursuant  to Article  149(3) 
of  the  EEC-Treaty) 

IJ 

n  V  "•'  * 
M  i 

i..  — ^ 

EXPLANATORY  MEMORANDUM 

Pursuant  to article  149(3) of  the EEC Treaty,  the Commission  submits an 
amended  proposal  for  a Council  Directive on packaging  and  packaging 
waste^1).  The  amended  proposal  takes account  of a number  of 
amendments  from  the European Parliament  adopted  at  its June  1993^2^ 
Plenary  Session  and  from  the Economic and Social  Committee^3). 

The definitions  for  prevention, recycling, reusable packaging  and 
economic operators  have been made more precise and  some other  useful 
definitions  for  small  packaging, biomethanization and composting  have 
been  introduced. 

The Commission  has accepted  Parliament's  proposal  to set  a  limit of 5 
years to attain  the  intermediate  targets as this will  contribute  to 
harmonization and will  provide an  incentive  to start  important  action 
from  the outset. 

In addition  the Commission  accepts  the mention  in article  4 that  Member 
States shall  take action  to promote  the reuse of  recycled  packaging 
waste  in the production of packaging  .  The Commission  also  finally 
decided  not  to accept  the amendment  on minimum  proportion  of  recycled 
material  as  it  is premature  and would  cause major  problems  for 
implementation  and control.  As an alternative  approach, Article  12 on 
Standardization  is amended  in order  to mention explicitly  the setting 
up of  standards  for  the minimum  content  of  recycled  material. 

The  importance  of  the targets  is also reinforced  by  the acceptance of 
the proposal  concerning  their  publication  in the Offical  Journal  and 
the  information  campaigns  about  them. 

The mention  in Article  5 of  small  and medium  sized  enterprises  is also 
accepted  as  this  is  important  and  reinforces  the provisions  already 
established  in Article 8. 

A number  of  accepted  amendments  reinforce  and  clarify  Article  6 on 
Markings, and  it should  be noted  in particular  that  there  is a new 
provision  indicating  that markings shall  enter  into force 
simultaneously. 

Article  15 on  Freedom  to place on  the Market  remains unchanged  but  its 
counterpart  in Article 7 has been amended  in order  to make  the  two 
texts more  parallel, so that  the mention of packaging  allowed  to be 
placed on  the market  relates now  to the Directive  and  not  uniquely  to 
Annex  I I. 

The database  constitutes  an  important  pillar  for  the  implementation of 
the Directive  and  accordingly  it has been considered  useful  to accept 
the amendment  on  the  requirement  of  information  to all  economic 
operators. 

(1) O.J. C263 of  12 October  1992 
(2) PE  173.750  (Minutes of  the sitting  of  24 June  1993) 
(3) O.J. C129 of  10 May  1993 

11 

The consumer  is c&iied upon  to play a key  role for  the  successful 
Implementation of  the ruunagumsnt systems.  The amendant  setting an 
upper  limit of  2 years within which  to take measures concerning 
consumer  information has therefore bs»on accepted. 

The Commission has decided  to follow the advice of  the Parliament  to 
reinforce Article 11 on economic  instruments by making explicit mention 
of  the avoidance of distortion of competition and obstacles  to trade, 
and  the criteria of causality, proportionality, non-discrimination, as 
well  as compatibility with other  tax  legislation.  At  the same time  it 
has been considered  important  to  indicate  the report  to the Commission 
of  these  instruments as well  as to state  that  they must  take  into 
account  the  "polluter  pays" principle. 

The Commission accepts the amendment of  the Parliament  establishing 
individual  limits for each heavy matai  and a single  time  limit of  5 
years, but only  the four metals  included  in the original  Proposal  are 
considered. 

The  introduction of  fully biodegradable  packaging  in the  requirements 
for  the recoverable  nature of packaging  constitutes an element  which 
contributes to a more balanced  scope  for  this management  option. 

The Commission decided not  to accept  the amendment  introducing a rigid 
hierarchy  for waste management  as the  idea of  a strategy  is already 
established  in the framework  directive on waste and  there  is also a 
need  to be flexible  in order  to be able to apply  the most  appropriate 
measures  for  the different  particular  conditions and preserve  the 
principle of conditional  equivalence between  reusable and  recoverable 
packaging. 

Amendments concerning  the scope  (Article 2) have been  rejected by  the 
Commission  because  a comprehensive approach  is sought  which  covers all 
kinds of  packaging  and  the particular  problems  related  to some kinds of 
packaging  are covered  appropriately by  the Committee procedures as 
indicated  in Article  16 on Adaptation  to Scientific  and  Technical 
Progress. 

The Commission  rejected  a number of amendments  regarding  the 
modification of  targets and  the Committees because  the procedures 
proposed would be  too rigid and there  is a need  for procedures which 
allow an effective  implementation of  the tasks required  by  this 
Di rect ive. 

As  for  the amendments concerning  the  information systems, they  have not 
been accepted  because, as  indicated  above, they  form a basic element of 
the Directive as  it  is of vital  importance  to obtain  information on  the 
evolution within  the sector,  in particular  to verify  compliance with, 
and  feasibility of, targets, and accordingly  it  is not appropriate  to 
leave this  issue pending  for  further  evaluation by  the Committee. 

A number  of  elements  proposed  by  the Parliament  in relation  to economic 
instruments  have not  been  accepted, either  because  they  are  considered 
to be premature  at  this stage, although  the door  is  left open  for a 
possible adoption by  the Council  in the future,  or  because, and  this 
relates  in particular  to charges  for  incineration  and  landfill,  it  is 
considered  that  these basic  issues should be dealt with  in a more 
general  context  of waste management  policies rather  than within  the 
framework  of  a sectorial  provison. 

The amendments  relating  to third countries have been considered  as 
unnecessary  as the Directive applies to all packaging  placed on  the 
market  In the Community  and any specific problems should  be solved at 
GATT  level. 

The Commission  is aware of  the  importance of consumer  information and 
action  in the  field of  research  and development  but  is  is not  in a 
position  to accept  the corresponding  amendments of  the Parliament  which 
would  impose  rigid  constraints and would at  the same  time  interfere 
with existing  procedures  already  in force  for  these horizontal  issues. 

The particular  amendment  on movements of packaging  waste  deals with a 
very  sensitive question but  it has been  rejected  because  this  is a 
general  waste management  problem where packaging  constitutes only  one 
element, and  this Directive provides, as a whole, a contribution  to a 
global  solution  to the problem. 

Finally, the Commission  considers  the amendment  on  restrictions of a 
number  of  substances  as premature but  the possibility  to develop 
appropriate  provisions  in the future  is left open. 

-  .1 -

Amended  Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 

on Packaging  and Packaging  Waste 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 

Having  regard  to  die  Treaty  establishing  the  European 
Economic  Community,  and  in  particular  Article  100a 
thereof, 

Having regard to the proposal  from the Commission, 

In cooperation with the European  Parliament, 

Having  regard to the opinion  of the Economic  and Social 
Committee, 

1.  Whereas the communication  from  the Commission to 
the Council and to Parliament on a Community Strategy 
for Waste Management ('),  adopted  by the Council in 
its resolution of 7 May 1990 (2) underlines the following 
hierarchy  for  waste  management:  prevention  first; 
recovery and in particular  recycling,  second,  and final 
disposal  only as a last  resort; 

Whereas  packaging  waste  contributes 
in  a  great 
proportion to the increase in the volume of waste and to 
the  saturation  of  landfills  and if  not  recovered  and in 
particular  not recycled, packaging  waste  presupposes a 
waste of raw materials  and energy; 

(')  SEQ89)  934 final,  18 September 1989. 
(2)  OJ No C 122,  18. 5.  1990, p.  2. 

1a 

1b. 

Whereas  the  best  means  of 
preventing  the  creation  of 
packaging  waste  is  to  reduce 
of 
the 
packaging; 

overall 

volume 

Whereas,  however,  packaging 
has  a  vital  social  and 
economic  function  and whereas 
of 
reducing 
not 
p a c k a g i ng 
jeopardize the quality  of the 
products and consumer health; 

should 

volume 

the 

- 2 -

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

Whereas  Council  Directive  85/339/EEC  of  27  June 
1985 
human 
of 
consumption  (3)  was  the  first  step  in  reducing  the 

containers 

liquids 

for 

on 

environmental  impact  of  packaging  and  packaging 
waste; 

Whereas a sectoral or a one-sided approach is no longer 
justified  and  Community  policy  must  be  orientated 
towards  all  kinds  of  packaging  waste  whether  it  is 
released at industrial, commercial, office, shop, service 
or  household 
level;  whereas,  therefore,  Directive 
85/339/EEC  should  be  replaced  by  a  new  directive 
with  the widest  possible  scope; 

5.  Whereas,  as  long  as  life-cycle  assessments  jusdfy  no 
dear  hierarchy,  reusable  packaging  and  recoverable 
packaging waste and in particular, recyclable packaging 
waste  are to  be considered  as equal  valid  methods  for 
reducing  the  environmental  impact  of  packaging  and 
this  requires  the  setting  up  in  the  Member  States  of 
systems  guaranteeing  the  return  of  used  packaging 
and/or  packaging  waste; 

Whereas on  the basis of several life-cycle assessments it 
can  be stated  that from  an environmental point of  view 
recycling must constitute an important part of recovery, 
mainly  for  the  reason  that  energy  and  raw  material 
requirements  and  discharges  decrease  if  the  waste  is 
recycled  and  the  processed  material  is  used  in  new 
production  processes; 

7.  Whereas  the  current  differences  in  national  provisions 
and 
concerning 
packaging  waste  are  liable  to  distort  competition  and 
the  free  movement  of  goods  in  the  internal 
affect 

the  management  of  packaging 

market,  and  give  rise  to  differences  in  the  level  of 
protection  of  the  environment; 

(')  OJ  No  L 176,  6.  7.  1985,  p.  18. 

and  whereas 
life-cvcle  assessments  should  be 
completed  as  soon  as  possible  to 
justify  a  clear  hierarchy  between 
r e u s a b l e. 
and 
recoverable  packaging; 

r e c y c l a b le 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

- 3 -

Whereas  it is necessary  to  approximate  measures  to be 
undertaken  by  Member  States  dealing  with  the 
management  of  packaging  waste  in order  to  contribute 
to the completion of the internal  market, avoid  obstacles 
to  trade  and distortion  and  restriction  of  competition 
within  the  Community  and  to  ensure  a  high  level  of 
protection  of  the  environment; 

9. 

Whereas, in order to contribute to the establishment and 
smooth  functioning  of  the  internal  market,  it  appears 
necessary  to harmonize  national  provisions  concerning 
the management of packaging and packaging waste  and 
this  by the: 

introduction  of  harmonized  measures, 

definition  of harmonized  essential  requirements and 
standards,  and 

establishment  of  criteria  with  which  national 
measures  have  to  comply; 

10.  Whereas  the existence  of  different  targets  in  Member 
States  regarding  the  recovery  and  the  recycling  of 
packaging waste, can create unjustified  barriers to trade 
and  lead  to  distortion  of  competition;  whereas  it  is 
therefore  important  to  harmonize  from  n ow  on  such 
targets  to  be  attained  by  the Member  States,  taking  a 
high  level  of  protection  of  the  environment; 

11.  Whereas,  in  order  to  avoid  obstacles  to  trade  and 
distortion  of  competition,  it  is  necessary  to  define  the 
essential  requirements as related to the composition and 
the  nature  of  reusable  and  recoverable  packaging; 
whereas 
to  the 
production  and  marketing  of  packaging  and  the 
management  of  packaging  waste  shall  abide  by  these 
essential  requirements; 

the  national  provisions 

relating 

is 

in  order 

necessary 
to 

lu 
Wheteas 
it 
be 
approximate  measures 
undertaken  by  Member 
States 
dealing  with  the  management  of 
packaging  waste 
to 
contribute  to  the  completion  cf 
the 
avoid 
internal  market, 
obstacles  to  trade  and  distorticn 
and  restriction  of  compétition 
within 
to 
ensure  a  high  level  of  protection 
of 
and  cf 
environment 
conswers; 

the  Community  and 

the 

of  measures 

i n t r o d u c t i on 
ensure 
t h at 
- j e o p a r d i z ed 
competitiveness  of  b u s i n e s s es 
not  undermined^ 

to 
employment—is.—not 
t i ke 
is 

a nd 

to 

11.  Whereas,  In  order  to  avoid 
obstacles 
trade  and 
distortion of competition, It 
Is  necessary  to  define  the 
requirements  as 
essential 
related  to  the  composition 
and  the  nature  of  reusable 
and  recoverable 
Including 
recyclable packaging;  whereas 
provisions 
the 
relating  to  the  production 
and  marketing  of  packaging 
and 
of 
packaging  waste  shall  abide 
by 
essential 
these 
requirements; 

management 

national 

the 

-  4 -

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

11a. Whereas,  .to. 

of 

faclIitate  the 
this 
achievement 
objectives.  it 
Direct ive's 
necessary  to  use 
may  be 
economic  instruments ; whereas 
such  incentives  should  be 
used  in  accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Treaty  in 
order  to  avoid  new  forms  of 
protect ion ism; 

12.  Whereas it is necessary that the return systems to be set 
up shall be designed in such a way as to avoid barriers to 
trade and  distortion  of  competition; 

12.  Whereas it is necessary that the 
recovery  and  return  systems  to 
be set up shall  be designed  in 
such a way as to avoid barriers 
to  trade  and  distortion  of 
competition and to guarantee the 
maximum  possible  return  ©f 
packaging  and packaging  waste; 

13.  Whereas 

the  need 

the 
abovementioned  objectives,  quantified  targets must  be 
defined; 

reach 

that 

felt 

to 

is 

14.  Whereas 

the  provisions  of 

this  Directive  should 
contribute to maintaining and improving upon the level 
of  reuse,  recycling  and  recovery  of  packaging  and 
packaging waste which has been achieved  at the time of 
implementation  of  this  Directive; 

15.  Whereas it is necessary to minimize the total  impact  on 
the  environment  of  packaging  and  packaging  waste, 
taking  into  account  not  only  quantitative  but  also 
qualitative  aspects  and  chemical  composition; 

in  emissions  or  ash  when  packaging 

16.  Whereas the presence of noxious metals in packaging is 
part  of  the  total  concern  in  the  light  of  their  likely 
presence 
is 
incinerated, or in leachate when packaging is landfilled; 
whereas it is desirable as a first step to reduce the toxicity 
of packaging waste to avoid the addition of the  noxious 
heavy  metals  to  packaging; 

16.  Whereas the presence of noxious 
metals  and  other  substances  in 
packaging  should  be  limited  in 
view  of  their  environmental 
impact  ( in  particular  in  the 
light  of  their  likely  presence 
in  emissions  or  ash  when 
packaging is incinerated, or in 
leachate when packaging is land-
filledl; 
it  is 
essential  as  a  first  step 
towards reducing the toxicity of 
packaging waste, to prevent the 
addition  of  the  noxious  heavy 
metals  to  packaging  and  ensure 
that  such  substances  are  not 
released into the environment; 

whereas 

-  5 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

17.  Whereas  a  limited  number  of 
Community  markings,  easlIv 
recoan i zabIe  for  consumers. 
are  needed  to  indicate  the 
reusable  and/or  recoverable 
Including  recyclable  nature 
of  packaging  and  for  the 
identification  of  the  nature 
of  the  packaging  material  in 
order  to  Inform  consumers, 
communities  and 
industrial 
operators  of  the  correct  way 
to  deal  with  used  packaging 
waste, 
and 
to 
facilitate 
collection, 
sorting,  reuse,  and  recovery 
including 
activities 
obstacles 

to  avoid 
trade-, 

packaging 

reeve I ino 

and 

to 

and 

17a.  Whereas,  to  promote  recycling 
o b j e c t i v es 
prevent 
d i s t o r t i on  of  competition  and 
trade 
t he  Community, 
markets  in  recycled  packaging 
materials  must  be  developed 
and  expanded 

in 

t he 

i n c l u s i on 

17b.  Whereas 
r e c y c l ed 
p a c k a g i ng 
existIno 
c o n t r a d i ct 
provisions on  hygiene, health 
safety-. 
and 

mater  I a I 
s h o u ld 

consumer 

_..Jn 
not 

gjt 

17.  Whereas  Community  markings  are needed  to  indicate 
the  reusable  and/or  recoverable  nature  of  packaging 
and for the identification  of the nature of the  packaging 
material  in  order  to  inform  consumers,  communities 
and  industrial operators of the correct  way to deal  with 
used  packaging  and  packaging  waste,  to  facilitate 
collection, sorting,  reuse and recovery  activities and to 
avoid  obstacles  to  trade; 

Whereas  the  need  for  Community-wide  data  on the 
volume,  weight  and type  of  packaging  and  packagir 
waste  has to  be  recognized  in  order  to  evaluate  tni 
achievement of objectives, the effectiveness  of measures 
and to enable further  initiatives to be taken with  respect 
to the packaging  waste  problem; 

19.  Whereas  the  consumer  plays  a  key  role  in  the 
management  of  packaging  and  packaging  waste  and 
thus has to be adequately  informed  in order to adapt his 
behaviour  and  attitude;  whereas  it  is  essential  that 
enterprises  become  more  conscious  of  the  extent  to 
which their products and packaging become waste, and 
that  they  accept  responsibility  for such  waste  and that 
the development  and implementation  of measures  shall 
involve  and  require  the  close  cooperation  of  all the 
partners  within  a spirit  of  shared  responsibility; 

- 6 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

20.  Whereas Member States shall  take into account,  when 
adopting  measures  to  implement  this  Directive,  the 
problems which will  result for small and  medium-sized 
enterprises  (SMEs),  on  condition  th*(  this  does  n pt 
affect the provisions of this Directive or of Community 
law; 

21.  Whereas economic instruments can have a considerable 
impact  on  the  management  of  packaging  waste  by 
promoting  and funding  more  environmentally  sound 
practices; 

22.  Whereas, in order to avoid discrimination, the measures 
taken by Member States to achieve the objectives must 
be  integrated  into a policy  which  covers  all  packaging 
and packaging  waste  and is not limited to any specific 
type of packaging or packaging  material, a product or 
category  of  products; 

;ates  and  the 
Commission,  when  adopting  measures  to 
aoolv  t h is  D i r e c t i v e,  must  take  i n to 
account  the  s p e c i al  nature  of  islands 
in  t he  Community  as  regards  t he  s i re 
of  tft?market  and  t he  economic  c o st 
Çf  tri 

have 

21.  Whereas  economic  instruments 
considerable 
a 
will 
positive 
the 
impact 
management  of  packaging  and 
packaging waste by promoting and 
finding  more  environmentally 
sound practices; 

on 

21a.  Whereas,  in order  to  achieve 
£hifi 
objectives 

the 
Directive. 
should take steps to encourage 
research and development: 

of 

22a, 

ir_§tfites_j 

part  of  a  Community 
strategy that takes a< 
their  environmental.  social, 
regional and industrial impact 
in order to prevent distort ton 
of competition and disparities, 
between the various_JCotaaunlty. 
Member  States with^gesj 
waste management; 

22b.  Whereas 

directive  on 
packaging  waste  should  also 

a 

existing  Community  standards 
relating  to  waste  ancLof 
future 
in 
Community 

developments 

- 7 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

23.  Whereas the Commission must be assisted by a technical 
committee  in  order  to  adapt  the  provisions  and  the 
Annexes  to  the  directive  on  scientific  and  technical 
progress; 

24.  Whereas  drafts  of  measures  to  be  taken  by  Member 
States should  be notified  to  the Commission  so that  it 
can be established whether or not they comply with the 
if  necessary,  that  the 
directive,  and  to  request, 
introduction  of  such  measures,  or  part  of  them,  be 
postponed; whereas such notification  and examination 
is without  prejudice to  the obligations of  the  Member 
States  pursuant  to  the  Treaty  and  other  relevant 
Community  legislation; 

25.  Whereas the work for the purpose of amending Council 
Directive  83/189/EECO),  as 
last  amended  by 
Commission  Decision  90/230/EEC  (*),  must  be 
accelerated 
in  order  to  permit  the  coverage  of 
notification  arising from  the scope  of  this Directive; 

26.  Whereas for all the reasons referred to above it appears 
necessary  for  the Community,  whilst  limiting  itself  to 
what  is  strictly  necessary,  to  adopt  the  appropriate 
harmonization  measures, 

HAS ADOPTED THIS  DIRECTIVE 

Article  1 

Objectives 

This  Directive  aims  to  harmonize  national  measures 
concerning  the  management  of  packaging  and  packaging 
waste in order to reduce their impact on the environment, to 
contribute to the completion  and functioning of the internal 
market  and  to  avoid  obstacles  to  trade  and  distortion  and 
restriction  of  competition  within  the  Community. 

JD  attain  these objectives  this  Directive  establishes  targets 
"•and the essential  requirements which packaging must meet, 
and  provides  for  measures  for  the  prevention  of  the 
production  of  packaging  waste  and  for  the  promotion  of 
return, reuse and recovery operations relating to  packaging 
and packaging waste in order to ensure public health and the 
protection  of  the  environment. 

(')  OJ  No  L  109,  26.  4.  1983, p.  8. 
(')  OJ  No  I.  128,  18.  5.  1990,  p.  15. 

26.  Whereas  for  all  the  reasons 
referred  to  above  it  appears 
necessary  for the Community, In 
accordance with the principle of 
& 
subsidiarity. 
framework  for  the  appropriate 
harmonization measures. 

adopt 

to 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Article  2 

Scope 

This Directive covers all packaging placed on  the market  in 
the Community and all packaging waste, whether it is used or 
released  at  industrial;  commercial,  office,  shop,  service  or 
household level, regardless of the materials used and whether 
it concerns  primary,  secondary  or  tertiary  packaging. 

This Directive shall apply without prejudice to the provisions 
of  Council  Directive  9 1 / 6 8 9 / E EC  of  12  December  1991 
concerning  hazardous  waste (*). 

Article  3 

Definitions 

For die purpose  of  this  Directive: 

(a)  with  respect  to  packaging  classification: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

to  be  used  for 

'packaging*  means  all  products  made  of  any 
materials  of  any  nature 
the 
containment,  protection,  handling,  delivery  and 
presentation  of  goods,  from  raw  materials  to 
processed  goods,  from  die producer  to  die  user  or 
the  consumer.  Disposables  used  for 
the  same 
purpose  are  to  be considered  as packaging  too; 

'sales packaging  or  primary  packaging* means  any 
packaging conceived  so as to constitute a sales unit 
to  die  final  user  or  consumer  at  the  point  of 
purchase; 

'grouping packaging or secondary packaging' means 
any  packaging conceived  so  as to  constitute  at  the 
point of purchase a grouping of a certain number of 
sales units  whether  the  latter  is sold  as such  to  the 
final user or consumer or whether it serves only as a 
means to replenish the shelves at the point of sale; it 
can be removed  from  the product without  affecting 
its  characterstics; 

4. 

'transport  packaging  or  tertiary  packaging'  means 
any packaging conceived so as to facilitate  handling 
and transport  of a number of sales units or grouped 
packagings  in  order  to  prevent  physical  handling 
and  transport  damage; 

(J) OJ No L 377, 31. 12. 1991, p. 20. 

4a.  'small packaging' means primary 
packaging  whose  volume  is  not 
more  than  100  cm  and  whose 
weight  is  not  more  than  3 
grammes; 

- 9 -

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

(b)  with  respect  to  packaging  waste: 

1.  «used packaging* means the packaging itself left over 
once  it  has  been  emptied  or  the  product  has  been 
unpacked; 

2. 

3. 

'packaging  waste'  means  any  packaging  or 
packaging  material  covered  by  the  definition  of 
waste  in Council  Directive 75/442/EEC  (4); 

'packaging  waste  management*  means 
management  of  waste  as  defined 
75/442/EEC; 

the 
in  Directive 

4. 

'prevention'  means  the  reduction  of  the  quantity 
and/or  the  harmfulness  of  waste  at  production 
processes  level  and  at product  level; 

4.  'prevention*  means  the reduction 
of  the  quantity  and/or  the 
harmfulness  of  materials  used» 
packaging and packaging waste at 
production processes level and at 
distribution. 
the  marketing, 
utilization 
elimination 
by 
stages, 
developing  'clean1  products  and 
technology. 

particular 

and 

in 

'recovery*  means  any  of  the  applicable  operations 
provided 
to  Directive 
in  Annex  II.B 
for 
75/442/EEC; 

'recycling* means the recovery of the waste materials 
for  the  original  purpose  or  for  other  purposes 
excluding  energy  recovery;  recycling  means  also 
regeneration  and  composting; 

6. 

means 
the 

'recyclIng' 
recovery 
materials 
purpose or 
excluding 
recyclIng 
compostIng, 
btomethanlzatlon; 

the 
waste 
of 
for  the  original 
for other  purposes 
energy  recovery; 
a I so 
regeneration  and 

means 

6a.  'bioraethanization' 

means  t he 
anaerobic  treatment of packaging 
w a s t e, w h i ch produces  biomethane 
and  s o i l. 

6b.  'composting' means t he anaerobic 
treatment  of  t he organic  parts 
fif  packaging 
which 
produces  s o i l. 

w a s t e. 

7. 

'disposal'  means  any  of  the  applicable  operations 
provided 
to  Directive 
in  Annex  II.A 
for 
75/442/EEC; 

(«) OJ No L 194, 25. 7. 1975, p. 39. 

10 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

(c)  with  respect  to  packaging  management: 

1. 

2. 

3. 

'returnable packaging* means any packaging whose 
return from the consumer or final user is assured by 
specific means, (separate collection, deposits, etc.), 
independently of its final destination, in order to be 
reused,  recovered,  or  subject  to  specific  waste 
management  operations; 

'non-returnable'  packaging  means  any  packaging 
for  which  no  specific  provisions  for  their  return 
from  the consumer or final user are established; 

'reusable  packaging'  means  any  packaging  which 
has  been  conceived  and  designed  to  accomplish 
within its life cycle a number of trips or rotations in 
order to  be refilled  or reused for the same  purpose 
for  which  it  was  conceived;  such  packaging  will 
become packaging waste when no longer subject to 
reuse; 

4. 

'one-way packaging' means any packaging not being 
used  more than once  for  the same purpose; 

(d)  'economic  operators'  in  relation  to  packaging  means 
suppliers of  packaging materials, packaging  producers 
traders  and 
and  converters, 
distributors. 

fillers  and  users, 

has 

3.  'reusable  packaging*  means  any 
which 
been 
packaging 
conceived 
designed  to 
and 
accomplish within its life cycle 
a  minimum  number  of  trips  or 
rotations in order to be refilled 
or  reused  for  the same  purpose 
for which it was conceived, with 
p_f_ 
or  without  the  support 
auxiliary products present on the 
market enabling the packaging to 
be refilled:  such packaging will 
become  packaging  waste  when  no 
longer subject to reuse, 

(d)  'economic operators* in relation 
to packaging means suppliers of 
packaging  materials,  packaging 
producers 
converters, 
fillers  and  users,  importers. 
distributors^, 
traders 
statutory 
authorities 
organizations 
processing of packaging. 

and 

and 

and 

-  11 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Article  4 

Targets 

1. 
In order to comply with the objectives of this Directive, 
Member  States  shall  take  measures  to  attain  the  following 
targets: 

(a)  regarding recovery of packaging waste: no later than 10 
years  from  the  date  by  which  this  Directive  must  be 
implemented  in  national  law,  90%  by  weight  of  the 
packaging waste output will be removed from the waste 
stream for the purpose of recovery. Within this general 
recovery  target, and with  the same time limit, 60 % by 
weight  of  each material  of  the packaging waste  output 
shall be removed from the waste stream for the purpose 
of  recycling; 

1.  In  order  to  comply  with  the 
objectives of this Directive,  Member 
States shall take measures to attain 
the  following  targets: 

(a)  regarding  recovery  of  packaging 

waste: 

be 

implemented 

- no later than 5 years  from the 
date  bv  which  this  Directive 
must 
in 
national law. 60% bv weight of 
the  packaging  waste  output 
should  be  removed  from  the 
waste  stream  for  the  purpose 
of  recovery. 
Within  this 
general  recovery  target,  and 
with  the same  time  limit. 40% 
bv  weight  of each  material of 
the  packaging  waste  output 
should  be  removed  from  the 
waste  stream  for  the  purpose 
of  recycling, and has to be 
recycled, 

which 

date  by 

no  later  than  10  years  from 
this 
the 
Directive  must  be  implemented 
in national  law, 90% by weight 
of  the packaging  waste  output 
will be removed  from the waste 
stream  for  the  purpose  of 
recovery.  Within this  general 
recovery  target,  and with the 
same time  limit, 60% by weight 
of  each 
material  of  the 
packaging  waste  output  shall 
be  removed  from  the  waste 
stream  for  the  purpose  of 
recycling, and has to be recycled; 

la.  The  Member  States  shall  take 
action  to  promote  the  reuse—of. 
recycled  packaging  waste  in  fche 
production of packaging^ 

-  12 -

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

(b)  regarding  minimization  of  final  disposal  of  packaging 
waste: no later than  10 years from the date by which  this 
Directive  must  be  implemented  in  national  law,  final 
disposal of the packaging waste output will be limited  to 
the residues of the collection  and sorting activities, with 
a  limitation  to  not  more  than  10°o  by  weight  of  the 
packaging  waste  output. 

2. Member .States shall specify in the 
chapter  on  the  management  of 
packaging  waste  of  their  waste 
management  plans  as  indicated  in 
Article 10. intermediate targe 
recovery. 
disposal  of  packaging  waste.  They 
shall also specify in this chapter at 
which time the following targe 
be attained simultaneously: 

recycling 

and 

-  removal  of  60% bv  weight  of  the 
packaging  waste  output  from  the 
waste  stream  for  the purpose  of 
recovery, 

-  removal of  40% by weight of each 
material  of  the  packaging  waste 
output  from the waste stream _f_or 
the purpose of recycling. 

This information must be provided_in 
the first report to the Commission as 
required  in Article  14, 

(b)  regarding 

national 

minimization 

of 
final  disposal  of  packaging 
waste:  no later than 10 years 
from  the  date  by  which  this 
Directive must be  implemented 
in 
final 
disposal  of  the  packaging 
waste  output  will  be  limited 
to  the  residues  of  the 
collection 
sorting 
activities, with a  limitation 
to not more than 10% by weight 
of the packaging waste output. 

law, 

and 

Deleted 

2a. The measures and target figures 
mentioned in the preceding paragraphs 
shall  be  published  bv  the  Member 

journals and shall be the subject of 
an  information  campai< 
general public and economic a< 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

13 

-

If 

scientific 

research,  or  any  other 

3. 
evaluation 
technique,  such  as  eco-balances,  prove  that  other  recovery 
processes  show  greater  environmental  advantages, 
the 
targets  for  recycling  can  be  modified  in  accordance  with  the 
procedure  laid  down  in  Article  17. 

Also  on  the  basis  of  scientific  research  and  of  the  progress 
achieved 
in  the  Member  States,  the  Commission  shall 
re-examine  the  targets  fixed  in  this  Article,  and  shall  within 
sue  years  from  the  date  by  which  this  Directive  must  be 
implemented 
l a w,  adopt  any  appropriate 
measures  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  laid  down  in 
Article  17. 

in  national 

Article  5 

Return  and  management  systems 

1.  Member  States  shall  take  the  necessary  measures  to 
ensure  that,  within  five  years  from  the  date  by  which  this 
Directive  must  be  implemented  in  national  law,  systems  are 
set  up  to: 

(a)  provide  for  the  return  of  all  used  packaging  and/or  all 
packaging  waste  from  the  consumer  or  other  final  user 
in  order 
the  most  appropriate 
it 
management  alternatives; 

to  channel 

to 

1.  Member  States  shall  take  the 
necessary  measures  to ensure  that, 
within  five  years  from  the date by 
which  this  Directive  must 
be 
implemented in national law, systems 
are set up to: 

(a) 

provide for the return of all 
used  packaging  and/or  all 
packaging  waste 
from  the 
consumer  or  waste  stream  or 
other final user 
in  order 
to  channel  it  to  the  most 
a p p r o p r i a te 
m a n a g e m e nt 
alternatives; 

(b)  ensure  that  the used  packaging  and/or  packaging  waste 

collected  is  effectively  reused  or  recovered. 

(b) 

ensure that the used packaging 
and/or 
waste 
packaging 
collected 
effectively 
reused 
recycled;  — 

or recovered including 

is 

-

These systems shall ensure the coverage of imported  products 
under non-discriminatory  conditions  and shall  be designed  in 
such  a way  that  there are no  barriers to trade or distonions  of 
competition. 

2. 
The  measures  referred  to  in  paragraph  1  shall  form 
part  of  a  policy  covering  all  packaging  and  packaging  waste 

These  systems  shall  ensure  the 
coverage of imported  products  under 
non-discriminatory  procedures  and 
conditions  including  the  tariffs 
imposed for access to the system and 
shall be designed in such a way that 
there  are no barriers  to  trade or 
distortions of competition. 

take 

into  account, 

in  particular:  consumer 
and  shall 
protection,  health, 
requirements; 
protection  of  the  quality,  the  authenticity  and  the  technical 
characteristics of the packed  good  and  materials  used  as  well 
as  industrial  and  commercial  property  rights. 

safety  and 

sanitary 

-  14 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

3. 
T he  return  and  m a n a g e m e nt  systems  set  up  in  the 
different  Member  States,  in  accordance  with  the  provisions 
of  this  Directive,  shall  be  considered  and  recognized  as 
and 
equivalent 
participation  in  such  systems  shall  be  open  to  the  economic 
operators  of  the  sectors  concerned. 

the  whole  Community 

throughout 

Article  6 

Marking 

1. 
To  facilitate  the  reuse  and  recovery  of  packaging  and 
packaging  waste,  Member  States  shall  take  the  necessary 
measures  to  ensure  that,  within  five  years  from  the  date  by 
which this Directive must be implemented  in national  l a w,  all 
packaging  shall  comply  with  the  marking  provisions  laid 
down  in  this  Ardde  and  in  Annex  I.  Packaging  shall  bear 
the  appropriate  marking(s)  either on  the  packaging  itself  or 
on  the  label. 

All  reusable  and  recoverable  packaging  shall  bear  the 
these  marks  on  a 

in  Annex  I.  Fixing 

2. 
mark(s)  shown 
packaging  means  that: 

—  the  used  packaging  waste  is subject  to  established  return 

and  management  systems, 

—  the  packaging 

and 

itself 

the  provisions 

the 
management  of  used  packaging  a nd  packaging  waste 
the 
comply  with  the  provisions  of  this  Directive  a nd 
essential 
and 
in  Article  7 
requirements 
described  in  Annex  II. 

referred 

for 

to 

recognized 

The return and management systems set 
up  in  different  Member  States,  in 
accordance  with  the  provisions  of 
this  Directive, shall  be  considered 
and 
equivalent 
throughout  the  whole  Community  and 
participation  in  such  systems  shall 
be open to all economic operators of 
the  sectors  concerned, 
special 
account to be taken of anv particular 
problems  facing  small  and  medium-
sized enterprises. 

as 

To  facilitate  the  reuse  and 
recovery  Including  recycling 
of  packaging  and  packaging 
waste,  Member  States  shall 
take the necessary measures to ensure 
that, within five years from the date 
by  which  this  Directive  must  be 
implemented  in  national  law,  all 
packaging  shall  comply  with  the 
marking provisions laid down in this 
Article  and  in Annex  I.  Packaging 
shall bear the appropriate marking/s 
either on the packaging itself or on 
the  label.  Such  marking  shall  be 
appropriately  durable  having  regard 
to whether the packaging is reusable 
or recoverable.  Anv future EC eco-
label 
be 
harmonized with the measures adopted 
as a result of this Directive. 

for  packaging  will 

2a.  The  Member  States  shall  ensure 
that the marking is clearly visible* 
legible  and  lasting  and  that  it  is 
maintained  when  the  packaging  is 
opened. 

- 15 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED 1EX1 

its 

identification  system  described 

To  facilitate  return,  reuse  and  recovery,  packaging 
3. 
shall 
identification  and 
for 
indicate,  when  needed 
classification, the nature of the packaging material(s) used,  in 
accordance  with  the 
in 
Annex  I.  The  numbering  and  abbreviations  on  which  the 
identification  system  is  based  shall  be  determined  by  the 
Commission,  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  set  out  in 
Article  17 not later than  12 months after the adoption of  this 
Direcrive.  It  shall  decide  which  materials  shall  be  subject 
to  the  identification  system,  in  accordance  with  the  same 
procedure. 

In order  to  inform  the  consumer  or  final  user  whether 
4. 
or  not  the  packaging  is  made  of  recycled  material,  such 
packaging  may  bear  the  mark  shown  in  Annex  I. 

5.  Member  States  shall  take  the  necessary  measures  to 
ensure that any markings other than those set out in Annex  I, 
intending to serve the same purpose, shall be prohibited.  T he 
marks  set  out  in Annex  I may  not  be  used  for  any  purposes 
other  than  those  envisaged  in  this  Article. 

T he  Commission 

in  a c c o r d a n ce  with 

6. 
the 
shall, 
procedure set out  in Article  17, no  later  t h an  12 m o n t hs  after 
the  adoption  of  this  Directive,  a d o pt  t he  m a r k i n gs  required 
by  this  Article  and  which  comply  with  criteria  of  visual 
the 
perceptability, 
European  consumer. 

u n d e r s t a n d i ng  by 

readability 

and 

of 

the 

To  facilitate  return,  reuse 
and 
recovery ...  Including 
recycling,  packaging  shaI ! 
indicate, when needed  for  its 
identification  and  classification, 
the  nature 
packaging 
material/s used,  in accordance with 
the  identification  system  described 
The  numbering  and 
in  Annex  I. 
abbreviations 
the 
which 
on 
identification system is based shall 
be determined by the Commission, in 
accordance with the procedure set out 
in  Article  17  not  later  than  12 
months  after  the  adoption  of  this 
Directive.  It  shall  decide  which 
materials  shall  be  subject  to  the 
identification system, in accordance 
with the same procedure. 

shall, 

Commission 

6. The 
in 
accordance with the procedure set out 
in  Article  17,  no  later  than  12 
months  after  the  adoption  of  this 
markings 
Directive,  adopt 
required  by  this  Article  and  which 
are  clearly  visible,  legible  and 
lasting  and  that  U  is ma inta ined 
when  the  packaging  is  opened  and 
is comprehensiblefor  the  European 
consumer. 

the 

The markinqs  descr ibed  in Annex I 
sha I I 
force 
enter 
simultaneous I y^ 

into 

7. 
By  the  procedure  set  out  in  Article  17  the  Commission 
shall  decide  to  w h at  extent  d e r o g a t i o ns  from  the  m a r k i ng 
provisions  will  be  needed. 

8. 
T he Commission  shall d r aw  u p, in accordance with  the 
procedure  set  out  in  Article  1 7,  the  detailed  rules  for  the 
marking  system. These  rules shall be published  in the  Official 
journal  of  the  European 

Communities. 

9. 
The  requirements  referred  to  in  p a r a g r a p hs  1 to  8  shall 
be  applied  without  prejudice  to  other  m a r k i ng  or  labelling 
schemes,  set  up  at  C o m m u n i ty  level,  for  health,  security, 
information 
environmental 
purposes. 

protection 

c o n s u m er 

or 

-  16 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

10. 
The provisions of this Article are without prejudice  to 
the possibility that the markings described in it can be used by 
economic  operators  on  materials  and  products  other  than 
packaging  for  analogous  purposes,  as  long  as  they  are 
effectively  reusable,  recoverable  or  made  out  of  recycled 
material;  their  use  shall  be  communicated  to  and  approved 
by  the  competent  authorities. 

1 1.  Member  States  shall  take  the  necessary  measures  to 
ensure: 

—  the  provisions  of 

information  on 

the  purpose  and 

application  of  all  the  markings, 

—  that proper use of  the markings by economic operators  is 

verified. 

Article  7 

Essential  requirements 

1.  Member  States  shall  take  all  appropriate  measures  to 
ensure that packaging  may be placed on  the  market only  if it 
complies  with 
in 
Annex  II. 

the  essential  requirements 

set  out 

2.  Member  States  shall  presume  compliance  with  the 
requirements  set  out  in  Annex  II  in  the  case  of  packaging 
which  is  in  conformity: 

1.  Member  States  shall  take  all 
appropriate measures  to ensure that 
packaging may be placed on the market 
only  if  it  complies  with  the 
essential  requirements  set  out  in 
this  Directive.^ 

(a)  with  the  relevant  harmonized  standards,  the  reference 
numbers  of  which  have  been  published  in  the  Official 
journal  of  the  European  Communities.  Member  States 
shall  publish 
national 
standards  transposing  these  h a r m o n i z ed  s t a n d a r d s; 

reference  n u m b e rs  of 

the 

(b)  with 

the  relevant  national  s t a n d a r ds  referred 
in 
paragraph  3  in  so  far  a s,  in  t he  areas  covered  by  such 
standards,  no  harmonized  s t a n d a r ds  exist. 

to 

3. 
the 

M e m b er  States  shall  c o m m u n i c a te  to  the  Commission 
in 
their  national  s t a n d a r d s,  as  referred 

text  of 

to 

paragraph  2  (b),  which  they  regard  as  complying  with  the 
requirements  referred  to  in  this  Article.  T he  Commission 
to  the  other  Member 
shall  forward  such  texts  forthwith 
States. 

shall  publish 

Member  States 
standards.  The  Commission  shall  ensure 
the  Official 
published 
Communities. 

journal 

the 

of 

in 

references  of 

these 
they  are 
European 

that 
the 

4.  Where  a  Member  State  or  the  Commission  considers 
that  the  standards  referred  to  in  paragraph  2  do  not  entirely 
meet  the  essential  requirements  referred  to  in  paragraph  1, 
the Commission  or  the  M e m b er  States  concerned  shall  bring 
the  matter  before 
the  Committee  set  up  by  Directive 
H  \/  1H9/M-.C  giving  the  reasons  therefor.  T he  Committee 
shall  deliver  an  opinion  without  delay.  In  the  light  of  the 
Committee's  opinion,  the Commission  shall  inform  M e m b er 
States  whether  or  not 
those 
standards  from  publications  referred 
to  in  paragraphs  2 
and  3. 

it  is  necessary  to  withdraw 

-  17 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Article  8 

Information  systems 

1.  Member  States  shall  take  the  necessary  measures  to 
ensure  that  databases  on  packaging  and  packaging  waste 
shall  be established  in order to enable Member States and  the 
Commission  to  develop  packaging  and  packaging  waste 
management  policies.  For  reasons  of  efficiency  the  required 
data  may  cover  other  components  of  a  particular  waste 
stream. 

2. 

The  databases  shall  serve  the  following  purposes: 

—  to provide  information  on  the magnitude,  characteristics 
and  evolution  of  the  packaging  and  packaging  waste 
flows  at  the  level  of  individual  Member  States. 

—  to  provide  information  on  the  economic  parameters 
waste 

packaging 

packaging 

and 

related 
management, 

to 

—  to provide  information  in  order  to  be  able  to  re-examine 
targets, to design the most  appropriate measures to  attain 
them  and  to  evaluate  their  effectiveness. 

3. 
To  harmonize  the  characteristics  and  presentation  of 
the data produced and to make  the data of the Member  States 
compatible,  the  databases  shall  be  based  on  the  formats 
described  in  Annex  III. 

4.  Member  States  shall  take  into  account  the  particular 
problems of  small  a nd  medium-sized  enterprises  in  providing 
detailed  data. 

5. 
T he  data  obtained  shall  be  m a de  available  for  the  first 
time three years after  the d a te  by which  this Directive must  be 
implemented  in national  law  and  shall  be updated  every  three 
years.  T he  results  shall  be c o m m u n i c a t ed  to the  Commission 
in  accordance  with 
in 
Article  14. 

the  reporting  procedures  set  out 

Article  9 

C o n s u m er 

information 

Member  States  shall  take  m e a s u re  to  ensure  that  consumers 
and  other  users  are  informed  a b o ut  the  advantages  of  using 
reusable  and  recoverable  p a c k a g i n g,  about  the  meaning  of 
systems 
the  markings  on  packaging,  about 
available  for  them  to  dispose  of  their  used  packaging  and  of 
packaging  waste,  and  a b o ut  the  existing  management  plans 
for  packaging  as  referred  to  in  Article  10. 

the  return 

Member  S_ta±gg  shall  require 
all 
economic 
.operators  involved 
to 
provide  the^competent,  authorities 
with reliable data onJ:heir_sector as 
required bv this Article. 

Member  States  shall  take measures.,. 
within  two  years  of  the entry  into 
force  of  this  Directive,  to  ensure 
that  consumers  and  other  users  are 
advantages of 
informed  about  the 
using  reusable  and  recoverable 
packaging, about  the meaning of the 
markings  on  packaging,  about  the 
return systems available for them to 
dispose of  their used packaging and 
of  packaging  waste,  and  about  the 
existing 
for 
packaging  as referred  to in /article 
10. 

management 

plans 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

Article  10 

Management  plans 

Pursuant to the objectives and measures referred to in 
1. 
this  Directive,  Member  States  shall  include  in  their  waste 
management  plans  required  by  Article 7  of  Directiv* 
75/442/EEC  a  specific  chapter  on  the  management 
...j:.0 
packaging  and  packaging  waste. 

2. 

The  chapter  referred  to  in paragraph  1 shall  indude: 

—  the  intermediate  and  final  objectives  and  targets  to  be 

achieved, 

—  the  measures  to  be  adopted,  which  might  be  of  a 

technical,  economic or organizational  character, 

—  the  justification  of  the  measures  adopted  or  of  any 
modification of the targets as considered in the provisions 
of  this  Directive. 

Article  11 

Economic  instruments 

Economic instruments may be adopted by Member States, in 
accordance with the provisions of the Treaty, to promote t' 
objectives of  this Directive. 

-  18 

AMENDED  TEXT 

1.  The Council, on  the basis of a 
proposal 
from  the  Commission, 
adopts  economic  instruments.  In 
the  absence 
measures  at 
of 
Community  level. Member  States may 
adopt  them  in accordance  with  the 
provisions  of  the  Treaty,  to 
attain  the  objectives  of  this 
Directive.  Economic 
instruments 
should  be  used  to  promote  these 
oblect ives. 

2.  Economic instruments may not give 
rise to distortions of competition or 
create obstacles to the marketing of 
and  trade  in packaging  and  packaged 
goods bv complying with the following 
criteria: 

there  must  be  a  clear  link 
between the measures adopted and 
the  aim  being  pursued. 
The 
measures  shall be  proportionate 
to the objectives to be achieved 
and 
effectiveness 
their 
controllable: 

- 

all 

shall 

apply 

without 
thev 
and 
distinction  in  both  form 
economic 
to 
substance 
and 
operators 
not 
discriminate  against  particular 
types of packaging or packaging 
material  or  against  particular 
products  or  a  category  of 
products: 

shall 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

19 -

economic  instruments  should  be 
easy  to operate  and  n°f  demand 
too  much  administration:  thev 
should not clash with Community 
legislation on tax harmonization 

3.  The Member  States shall  report 
to  the  Commission  on  the  economic 
instruments  they  have  implemented 
to  comply  with  this  Directive. 
Where  the 
instruments  _ incjude 
State  aid,  they  must 
be  notified 
in  advance  pursuant 
to  Article 
93(3) 
Treaty.  The 
the 
Instruments must  take  into account 
the  'polluter  pays' principle. 

of 

Article  12 

Standardization 

The  Commission 
the 
elaboration  of  European  standards  relating  in  particular 
to: 

shall  promote,  as  appropriate, 

—  dimensions  and  shapes of  packaging  for  agreed  produas 
in  order  to  facilitate  their  reuse  and  rationalize  and 
optimize  management  alternatives, 

—  modular  distribution  packaging 

for 

transport  and 

distribution, 

—  product  specifications  for  the  use  of  recycled  materials  in 
the  manufacturing  of  packaging  and  other  products, 

—  criteria  and  methodology 

for 

life-cycle  analysis  on 

packaging. 

The  Commission  shall  promote,  as 
appropriate,  the  elaboration  of 
European  standards  relating  in 
particular  to: 

dimensions  and  shapes  of 
packaging  for  agreed  products 
in order  to  facilitate  their 
reuse  and  rationalize  and 
optimize 
management 
alternat ives, 

modular 
packaging  for 
distr ibut ion, 

distr ibut ion 
transport  and 

use 

product  specifications  for 
the 
when 
of. 
appropriate  minimum  content 
level  for,  recycled  materials 
in 
of 
packaging  and other  products, 

manufacturing 

the 

and 

criteria  and  methodology  for 
on 
life-cycle 
packaging. 

analysis 

reoui rements 

f or 

JLhe 

>m 

i l i tv  of  packaging. 

-  20 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

Article  13 

Notification 

1.  Without  prejudice  to  Directive  8 3 / 1 8 9 / E E C,  before 
adopting  such  measures,  Member  States  shall  notify  the 
drafts  of  measures  which  they  intend  to  adopt  within  the 
framework  of  this  Directive  to  the  Commission,  in order  to 
permit  the  latter  to  examine  them  in  the  light  of  existing 
provisions  and, where  appropriate,  to  ask Member  States  to 
suspend  their  adoption. 

2. 
If  the  proposed  measure  is  also  a  technical  matter 
within  the  meaning  of  Directive  8 3 / 1 8 9 / E E C,  the  Member 
the 
State 
notification  procedures  referred  to  in  this Directive,  that  the 
notification  is  equally  valid  for  Directive  8 3 / 1 8 9 / E E C. 

concerned  may 

indicate,  when 

following 

Article  14 

Obligation  to  report 

Every three years, and for the first time on  1 April of the third 
year  after  the  date  by  which 
this  Directive  must  be 
implemented  in  national  law,  Member  States  shall  send  the 
Commission  a  report  on  the  measures  taken  to  implement 
this Directive. This report shall  be based on  a  questionnaire, 
drawn  up  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  referred  to  in 
Article  1 7, which  the Commission  shall  send  to the  Member 
States  six  months  before  the  said  date. 

On the basis of these reports, the Commission  shall publish  a 
consolidated  report  every  three  years,  and  for  the  first  time 
on  1  April  of  the  following  year. 

Article 

IS 

Freedom  to  place  on  the  market 

Member States shall not  impede the placing on  the market  on 
their  territory  of  packaging  which  satisfies  the  provisions  of 
this  Directive. 

E x i s t i ng  p r o v i s i o ns 

Member  States  shall 
the  Commission  all 
regulations 
provisions  adopted 
within the scope of this Directive. 

communical 
existing  laws, 
administrative 
or  conclt 

and 

Member States shall not 
impede the placing on the market on 
their  territory  of  packaging  which 
satisfies  the  provisions  of  this 
Direct ive.  nor  the  use  of  the 
recovery 
gucli 
packaging laid down in the Directive. 

procedures 

for 

-  21 

-

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Article  16 

Adaptation  to  scientific  and  technical  progress 

The  amendments  necessary  for  adapting  the  provisions  of 
this  Directive  to  scientific  and  technical  progress  shall  be 
adopted  in  accordance  with  the  procedure  laid  down  in 
Article  17. 

This  procedure  shall  also  be  applicable  for  amendments 
which  need  to  be  made  to  the  provisions  of  this  Directive 

applicable  to  primary  packaging  for  medical  devices  and 
pharmaceutical  products.  The  provisions  relating  to  such 
packaging  shall  take  into  account  the  safety,  performance 
and quality requirements which must be satisfied by them, in 
accordance  with  the  provisions of  Community  law. 

In addition,  the  Commission,  in accordance  with  the  same 
procedure,  shall  adopt  the  measures  necessary  to deal  with 
any difficulties encountered in applying the provisions of this 
Directive  to  small  packaging. 

Article  17 

Committee  procedure 

The  Commission  shall  be  assisted  by  a  committee  of  an 
advisory  nature  composed  of  the  representatives  of  the 
Member  States  and  chaired  by  the  representatives  of  the 
Commission. 

The  representative  of  the  Commission  shall  submit  to  the 
committee  a  draft  of  the  measures  to  be  taken.  The 
committee shall deliver its opinion on the draft, within a time 
limit  which  the  chairman  may  lay  down  according  to  the 
urgency  of  the  matter,  if  necessary  by  taking  a vote. 

The  opinion  shall  be  recorded  in  the  minutes; in  addition, 
each  Member  State  shall  have  the  right  to  ask  to  have  its 
position  recorded  in  the  minutes. 

The  Commission  shall  take  the  utmost  account  of  the 
opinion  delivered  by  the  committee.  It  shall  inform  the 
committee of the manner in which its opinion has been taken 
into  account. 

-  22 -

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Article  18 

Implementation  in  national  law 

Member States shall adopt and publish the laws, regulations 
and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this 
Directive  by  .  .  . (')•  They  shall  immediately  inform  the 
Commission  thereof. 

When  Member  States  adopt  these  provisions,  these  shall 
contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied 
by such reference at the time of their official publication. The 
procedure  for  such  reference  shall  be  adopted  by  Member 
States. 

Article  19 

Directive  85/339/EEC  is  hereby  repealed  with  effect 
from  .  . . 

Article  20 

This  Directive  is addressed  to the  Member States. 

(')  l.igliwen  months  after  the  adoption  of  this  Directive. 

-  23 

-

OrrrGfWAL  TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

ANNEX  I 

MARKING 

1.  (a)  Reusable  packaging 

1.  (b)  Recoverable  packaging 

1.  (c)  Identification  system 

Plastic shall use a numbering from  1 to 19; paper and cardboard from  20 to 39; metal from 40 to 49; wood 
from  50  to 59;  textiles  from  60  to  69; glass  from  70  to  79. 

The  identification  may also be done  by using the  abbreviation  to  the  used  material(s) (e.g. HDPE:  high 
density polyethylene). Numbering, or abbreviations, or both, may be used to identify  materials. The said 
identification  methods  shall  be  located  in  the  centre  of  or  below  the  graphical  marking  indicating  the 
reusable  or  recoverable  nature  of  the  packaging. 

1.  (d)  Packaging  made  partly  or  entirely  of  recycled  materials 

x%  =  percentage  of  recycled  material  used  in  the  manufacturing  of  the  product. 

- 24 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

ANNEX // 

OUTLINE OF  ESSENTIAL  REQUIREMENTS 
ON  THE  COMPOSITION  AND  THE 
REUSABLE AND RECOVERABLE NATURE OF 
PACKAGING 

ESSENTIAL  REQUIREMENTS  ON  THE 
COMPOSITION  AND  THE  REUSABLE  AND 
RECOVERABLE  INCLUDING  RECYCLABLE 
NATURE OF PACKAGING 

1.  Requirements  specific  to  the  manufacturing  and composition  of  packaging 

—  Packaging  shall  be so  manufactured  that the packaging  volume and weight  be limited  to  the  minimum 
adequate amount to maintain the necessary level of safety  and acceptance for the packed product and for 
the  consumer. 

—  Packaging shall be designed, produced and commercialized in such a way as to permit its reuse or recovery 
and to minimize its impact on the environment when packaging waste or residues from packaging  waste 
management  operations  are disposed  of. 

be 

and 

metals 

substances 

Packaging 
so 
shall 
manufactured that the presence of 
other 
noxious 
hazardous 
as 
constituents  of  the  packaging 
material  or  of  any  of  the 
packaging  components  is  limited 
to such  a  level as  to minimize 
their presence in emissions, ash 
or  leachate  when  packaging  or 
management 
residues 
operations or packaging waste are 
incinerated or landfilled. 

from 

Packaging 
manufactured 
of  noxious 
hazardous 
constituents 
material  or 
packaging 
minimized. 

be 

so 
shall 
that  the presence 
metals  and  other 
substances 
as 
of  the  packaging 
of  any  of  the 
is 
components 

-  The sum of concentration levels 
of  lead,  cadmium,  mercury  and 
hexavalent  chromium  present  in 
packaging or packaging components 
shall not exceed the following: 

-  600 ppm bv weight after two years 
of  entry  into  force  of  this 
directive, 

-  250  ppm  bv  weight  after  three 
years of entry into force of this 
directive, 

-  100  Ppm  bv  weight  after  five 
years of entry into force of this 
Directive. 

The  concentrât ion  levels  of 
heavy  metals  present  in 
packaging 
packaging 
or 
components  shall  not  exceed 
the fol lowing: 

Lead (Pb) 
Cadmium (Cdt 
Chrome (Cr VI 
Mercury (Hg) 

150 ppm 
1.5 ppm 
100 ppm 
1 ppm 

and  this  no  Iater  than  five 
years  a fter  the_jentry  into 
force of this Direct ive 

- 25 -

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

2.  Requirements  spécifie to die reusable nature of  a  packaging 

The  following  requirements must  be simultaneously  satisfied: 

die physical priy****  ««d characteristics of the packaging shall enable a number of trips or rotations in 

normally  predictable conditions of use, 

possibility  of  processing die used packaging in order to meet health and  safety  requirements, 

fylfil  the requirements specific to recoverable packaging when die packaging is no longer reused and thus 
becomes  waste. 

3.  Requirements  specific  to  the recoverable nature of  packaging 

(a)  Packaging  recoverable  in the form  of  material  recycling 

Packaging must be manufactured in 
such  a  way  as  to  enable  the 
recycling  of  at  least  'x'%  by 
weight of the materials used into 
the  manufacture  of  marketable 
products. 

Packaging must be manufactured in 
such  a  way  as  to  enable! the 
recycling  of  at  least  *x'%  by 
weight of the materials used into 
the  manufacture  of  marketable 
products.,  in  compliance  ' with 
current standards in the European 
Community.  The establishment of 
this 
vary. 
depending on the type of material 
QÈ  which  the  packaging  is 
composed. 

percentage 

mav 

(b)  Packaging  recoverable  in  the form  of  energy  recovery 

—  Packaging waste processed for the purpose of energy recovery shall have a minimum  inferior  calorific 

value  of  13 MJ/kg  (approximate  energetic  value of  paper  and  cardboard). 

—  The  energy  recovery  operation  may  not  give  rise  to  ash  residues  exceeding  'y* %  by  weight  of  the 

incinerated  materials. 

—  If  used  as  a  substitute  for  other  fuels  (carburants),  it  should  not  have  a  greater  impact  on  the 

environment,  in  terms of  emissions  and  residues,  than  that  of  the  substituted  fuel. 

(c)  Packaging  recoverable  in  the form  of  composting 

—  Packaging waste processed for the purpose of composting shall be of such a biodegradable nature, that 
it  should  not  hinder  the composting  process or  activity  into  which  it  is introduced  or  diminish  the 
quality  of  the  compost. 

-  26 

-

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  1LXI 

(ca) 

tOOt  biodégradable 

packing 

of 

thermal 

undergoing 

100%  biodegradable  packaging  waste 
is 
shall  be  of  such  a  nature  that  it 
p h y s i c a l, 
capable 
chemical, 
b i o l o g i c al 
decomposition  such  t h at  the  f i n i s h ed 
compost  ultimately  decomposes 
i n to 
carbon  dioxide,  biomass  and  water 
d i s t i n g u i s h a b le 
( l e a v i ng 
persistent, 
t o x ic 
or 
residues). 

s y n t h e t ic 

no 

or 

ANNEX 111 

INFORMATION  SYSTEM /DATABASE ON  PACKAGING  AND  PACKAGING  WASTE 

The  database  will  be built  up  by  the  following  formats: 

—  Format  1:  Composition  of  municipal  waste  — household  level  (mandatory  presentation  —  Annex  UI.Al) 

—  Format  2:  Composition  of  municipal  waste  — other  levels (mandatory  presentation  —  Annex  III.A2) 

—  Format  3:  Packaging  waste  management  (mandatory  presentation  — Annex II1.B) 

—  Format  4:  Product  families  to  be  recorded  (Annex  III.C)  —  consumption-based  primary  packaging  data 

(mandatory  presentation  and  explanatory  note  —  Annex  1II.D1,  II1.D2  and  III.D3) 

—  Format  5:  Industrial  packaging  (mandatory  presentation  —  Annex  III.E) 

—  Format  6:  Secondary  and  tertiary  packaging  consumption  data  (formats  4  and  5  related  products) 

(mandatory  presentation  —  Annex  III.F) 

27 

ORIGINAL TEXT 

AMENDED TEXT 

FORMAT 1 

Annex III.A1 

Concept:  Composition  municipal  waste — household  level 
Units:  Kg,  volume  and % 

Country: 
Year: 

Components 

kg 

% 

Volume 

Glass  —  Total 

Packaging: 
—  White: 
—  Brown: 
—  Green: 
Non-packaging 

Paper  and  cardboard  —  Total 

Packaging: 
—  Cardboard: 
—  Laminates: 
—  Paper: 
Non-packaging: 
—  Newspaper  —  periodicals: 
—  Other: 

Plastics  —  Total 

Polyolefincs 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Polystyrenes 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Halogenated  polymers 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
PET 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Others 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Textiles 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Ferro 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Non-ferro 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Wood 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Leather: 

Rubber: 

Stone: 

Carpets: 

Organics: 

Others: 

.__. 

-

— 

-

Sub-total  packaging 

Sub-total  non-packaging 

Total 

- 

-

-  28 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

FORMAT  2 

Annex 1II.A2 

Concept:  Composition  municipal  waste — other  levels 
Units:  Kg,  volume  and % 

Country: 
Year:  .... 

Components 

kg 

% 

Volume 

Glass —  Total 

Packaging: 
—  White: 
—  Brown: 
—  Green: 
Non-packaging 

Paper  and  cardboard  —  Total 

Packaging: 
—  Cardboard: 
—  Laminates: 
—  Paper: 
Non-packaging: 
—  Newspaper  —  periodicals: 
—  Other: 

Plastics —  Total 

Polyolefines 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Polystyrenes 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Halogenated  Polymers 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
PET 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Others 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 
Textiles 
—  Packaging 
<—  Non-packaging 

Ferro 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Non-ferro 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Wood 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Leather: 

Rubber: 

Stone: 

Carpets: 

Organics: 

Others: 

Sub-total  packaging 

Sub-total  non-packaging 

Total 

Concept:  Packaging  waste  management 
Units:  1 000  tonnes 

FORMAT 3 

Annex  U1.B 

Household level 

Country: 

Year: 

Components 

Output 

Collection 

Bulk 

Selective 

Treatment 

Recovery 

Final disposal 

Recycling 

Energy conversion 

Composting 

Other 

Incineration 

Landfill 

Glass 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Paper  and  cardboard 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Plastic 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Textiles 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Ferro 
—-  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Non-ferro 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Wood 
—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Leather 

Ruober 

C  one 

Carpets 

Organic 

Other 

Total 

O 
30 
Ô 
Z > 

m 
z 
o 
m 
o 

m 

Other lerel» (induttry, office»,  service*, etc.) 

CoUection 

Treatment 

Componenu 

Output 

Bulk 

Selective 

Recovery 

Final disposal 

Recycling 

Energy conversion |  Composting 

Other 

Incineration 

Landfill 

Glass 

—  Packaging 

—  Non-packaging 

Paper and cardboard 

—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Plastic 

—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Textiles 

—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Ferro 

—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Non-ferro 

—  Packaging 
—  Non-packaging 

Wood 

—  Packaging 

—  Non-packaging 

Leather 

Rubber 

Stone 

Carpets 

Organic 

Other 

Total. 

O 
30 
CD 

Z 
> 

> 
ZL 
m 
z 
o 
m 
o 
H 
m 
x 
H 

w 
o 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

31 

FORMAT  4 

Annex  III.C 

Consumption-based  primary  packaging  data 

Product families  to  be  recorded 

Biscuits and  cakes 
Fats (other than  milk  fats) 
Chocolate  and  sugar  confectionary 
Dairy  products 
Dry  beverages 
Frozen  foods 
Heat-processed  foods 
Jam and  preserves 
Sauces 
Snack  foods 
Fresh bread 
Fresh  fish 
Fresh fruit and  vegetables 
Fresh meat 
Beer and  cider 
Carbonated  soft  drinks 
Fruit juices 
Mineral  water and still  drinks 
Wines and  spirits 
Automotive  products 
Cigarettes and  tobacco 
Cleaning  material 

Cosmetics 
Haircare 
Paints, stains  and  varnishes 
Pet  foods 
Pharmaceuticals 
Soaps and  detergents 
Toiletries 

Toys 
Electrical  appliances 
Electronics 
Clothing 
Others 

Concept:  Consumption-based  primary  packaging  data 

Units:  Pieces, grams,  tonnes 

Country: 

Year: 

Annex  III.Dl 

Product families 

1 000 pieces 

Average weight per piece 
(gram) 

Total 
(tonne) 

Number of rotations/ 
Life span (x) 

Total 
(tonne) 

-  32 

-

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Concept:  Consumption-based  primary  packaging  data 

Units:  Pieces,  gram,  tonnes 

Country: 

Year: 

.... 

Annex 

III.D2 

Total  drink  market 
April to  May  1991 

1 000 pieces 

Average  weight 
per piece 
(gram) 

Total 
(tonne) 

Number  of 
rotations/ 

Live span (x) 

Total 
(tonne) 

Total  drink  market,  non-alcoholic  ( N - A) 

Total  glass,  non-alcoholic  ( N - A) 

Non-returnable  glass,  N -A 

196 070,25 

36 689,50 

8 275,20 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 2 0 - 0 , 25  I,  N -A 

5 404,60 

140 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 33  1,  N -A 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 5 0 - 0 , 75  1,  N -A 

Non-returnable  glass,  1  I and  m o r e,  N -A 

Returnable  glass,  N-A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 2 0 - 0 , 25  1,  N -A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 5 0 - 0 , 75  1,  N -A 

Returnable  glass,  1  1 and  more,  N -A 

Plastic,  N -A 

Metal,  N-A 

Cardboard,  N -A 

Cardboard,  0 , 20  1,  N -A 

Cardboard,  0 , 50  1,  N -A 

Cardboard,  1  1 and  more,  N -A 

Total  drink  market,  alcoholic  (A) 

Total  glass,  alcoholic  (A) 

Non-returnable  glass,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 2 0 - 0 , 25  1,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 33  1,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 50  1,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  0 , 7 0 - 0 , 75  1,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  1  1,  A 

Non-returnable  glass,  more  than  1  1,  A 

Returnable  glass,  A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 2 0 - 0 , 25  1,  A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 33  1,  A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 50  1,  A 

Returnable  glass,  0 , 7 0 - 0 , 75  1,  A 

Returnable  glass,  1  I,  A 

Returnable  glass,  more  than  1  1,  A 

Metal,  A 

Metal,  0 , 25  1,  A 

Metal,  0 , 33  I,  A 

Metal,  0 , 50  1,  A 

Metal,  1  I,  A 

Metal,  more  than  1  I,  A 

220 

4 80 

235 

7 50 

130 

155 

225 

570 

500 

265 

265 

365 

640 

720 

89,70 

782,30 

1 998,60 

28 414,30 

8 859,40 

1 544,70 

18 010,20 

99 702,00 

28 571,90 

31 106,90 

18 270,70 

171,90 

12 664,30 

181 929,06 

175 921,50 

32 773,10 

23 928,30 

471,40 

93,70 

7 052,10 

901,90 

325,70 

143 148,38 

124 955,75 

16 452,70 

0,10 

1 732,10 

0,00 

7,70 

6 007,60 

93,80 

5 678,80 

233,00 

1,60 

0,40 

This  is  an  Example:  Numbers,  grams,  tonnes  are  illustrative,  not  real. 

7 5 6 , 64 

1 9 , 73 

9 5 9 , 33 

756,64 

19,73 

959,33 

2  0 8 1 , 96 

18/xl 

2 081,91/xl 

13  5 0 7 , 65 

18/x2 

13 507  /x2 

3 110,68 

73,07 

21,08 

4 019,70 

450,95 

3 110,68 

73,07 

21,08 

4 019,70 

450,95 

33 113,27 

35/x3 

33 113,27/x3 

4 359,97 

35/x4 

4 359,97/x4 

0,04 

0,04 

1 108,54 

18/x5 

1 108,54/x5 

0,00 

0,00 

-  33 

-

O R I G I N AL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

Annex  II1.D3 

Consumer-based  primary  packaging  data 

Explanatory  note 

The number of pieces per product on the market of the Member States con be obtained  from specialized  market 
research  companies  such as Nielsen, GFK  and others. 

The number of pieces sold, multiplied by the average weight of the packaging will give the tonnage of waste each 
item  is likely  to generate at household  level. 

The tonnage of returnable, rcfillable packaging has to be divided by the number of years equal to the life-span of the 
product. 

FORMAT  5 

Annex 1I1.E 

Concept:  Industrial  packaging 

Units:  Pieces, grams,  kg 

Country: 

Year:  .... 

Types 

Pieces 

Average weight 
per piece 
(grams) 

Total weight 
(kg) 

Number of 
rotations/ 
Lifespan (x) 

Total 
(kg) 

Intermediate  bulk  containers (IBC) 

—  Woven PP 

—  Octobins  (cardboard) 

—  HDPE 

—  Metal 

—  Others 

Drums 

—  Metal 

—  Plastic 

Jerry cans 

—  Metal 

—  Plastics 

Boxes 

—  Cardboard 

—  Wood  and  plywood 

Bags 

—  Paper 

—  Plastic 

—  Woven 

Others 

Total 

ORIGINAL  TEXT 

AMENDED  TEXT 

-  34 -

FORMAT  6 

Annex  III. F 

Concept:  Secondary  and  tertiary  packaging 

Units:  Average weight  in grams or  kg 

Country: 

Year:  .... 

C a r t on 

Plastic 

W o od 

Others 

Trays 

—  6 

—  12 

—  24 

Crates 

— 

6 

—  12 

—  24 

Boxes 

—  24 

Wrappings 

—  Stretch 
—  Shrink 

Pallets 

—  120—80 

—  120—120 

-

Note:  Reusables are to be divided  by  the  number of  years equal  to  the life span  in the same way  as indicated  for  primary  packaging. 

_-x>S' _ 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM (93) 416 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

IO 14 

Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-456-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-59051-3 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg