Proposal for a COUNCIL REGULATION (EEC) imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of deadburned magnesite originating in the People' s Republic of China
Date: 1993-08-13
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: China, anti-dumping duty, dumping, magnesium, semi-metal

COMMISSION  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

C0M<93) 413 final 

Brussels, 13 August 1993 

Proposal  for a 

rnUMCAL REGULATION  fEEC) 

imposing a definitive anti-dumping duty on imports of 

deedburned magnasit* originating in tha People's Republic of China 

(presented by the Commission) 

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Explanatory  Memorandum 

1.  Commission  Regulation  (EEC)  No  2799/92f1)  imposed  a  provisional 
anti-dumping duty on imports of deadburned magnesite originating in 
the People•s Republic of China 

2.  Council  Regulation  (EEC)  No  104/93(2)  extended  this  duty  for  a 
period  of  two  months.  The  expiry  date  for  this  provisional  duty 
was Thursday 26 March 1993. 

3.  The Chinese exporters requested and were granted a hearing and made 
their views known in writing, as did other interested parties. 

4.  A  prolonged  process  of  consultation  was  necessary  in  order  to 
consider  fully all views before the Commission was able to draw its 
final  conclusion.  This  lengthy  consultation  has  resulted  in  the 
provisional measures  lapsing on 26 March  1993 before the  imposition 
of definitive measures. 

5.  With  regard  to  normal  value,  following  publication  of  the 
provisional  measures  and  the  subsequent  disclosure  of  the 
Commission's dumping calculation, the Chinese exporters showed that 
insufficient  allowance had been made  to take  into account the ease 
of  access to raw materials  found  in China when compared  to Turkey, 
the  reference  country.  The  commission  modified  its  calculation 
accordingly. 

6.  With regard to the comparison between normal value and export price 
the Chinese  exporters  showed  that  insufficient  adjustment  had  been 
made  to  normal  value  to  allow  for  differences  in  the  burning 
process in China compared with Turkey.  The Commission modified its 
calculation  accordingly. 

7.  As  a  result  of  these  changes  to  normal  value,  the  dumping  margin 

for all Chinese exporters  is reduced to  80.7%. 

8.  As  far  as  other  points  in  the  provisional  measures  are  concerned, 
particularly with regard to injury  and causality, various  arguments 
were put forward by the Chinese exporters, the Community importers, 
and  users,  as  to  why  definitive  measures  should  not  be  imposed. 
These arguments are discussed in detail in the attached regulation, 
however,  the  Commission  has  proposed  that  definitive  anti-dumping 
measures  should be imposed. 

(1) 0J No L 282, 26.09.1992, p. 15 
(2) 0J No L  15, 23.01.1993, p.  1 

* ^ CL — 

9.  With  regard  to  the  calculation  of  the  definitive  duty,  the 
Commission  has  taken  into  consideration  the  contribution  of  the 
dumped  imports  to  the  poor  economic  situation  of  the  Community 
industry. 

It  considers  that  only  a  duty  equal  to  the  full  dumping  margin, 
which  would  bring  the  Chinese  prices  up  to  the  normal  value,  is 
sufficient  to  remove  the  injury  experienced  by  the  Community 
industry. 

10. As  far  as  the  form  of  the  duty  is  concerned  the  Commission  notes 
that the deadburned magnesite market  is very  sensitive to the price 
instability  generated  by  the  dumped  Chinese  imports.  The  form  of 
the  duty  should  be  such  as  to  prevent  further  price  decreases  by 
the  Chinese  exporters.  In  these  circumstances  a  minimum  price  at 
which the Chinese magnesite can be sold on the Community  market has 
been  established.  This minimum  price  is  133 ECU  per tonne  for all 
grades.  Consequently  the  duty  shall  be  equal  to  the  difference 
between  this  minimum  price  and  the  net  free  at  Community  frontier 
price before customs clearance. 

- M b^ 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION  (EEC) No 

of 

imposing a definitive  anti-dumping duty on imports of 

deadburned magnesite originating  in the People's Republic of China 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Economic 

Community, 

Having  regard  to  Council  Regulation  (EEC)  No  2423/88  of  11 July  1988 

on  protection  against  dumped  or  subsidised  imports  from  countries  not 

members  of  the  European  Economic  Community(x)  and  in  particular 

Article  12 thereof, 

Having  regard  to  the  proposal  from  the  Commission,  submitted  after 

consultation within the Advisory  committee as provided  under  the  above 

Regulation, 

Whereas : 

A. PROVISIONAL MEASURES 

(1)  The  Commission,  by  Regulation  (ECC)  No  2799/92<2),  (hereafter 

referred  to  as  the  Provisional  Regulation)  imposed  a  provisional 

anti-dumping 

duty 

on 

imports 

of 

deadburned 

magnesite 

originating  in  the  People's  Republic  of  China  and  falling  within 

the CN Code  2519 90 30. 

(1) OJ No L 209, 02.08.1988, p. 1 

(2) OJ No L 282, 26.09.1992, p. 15 

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B. SUBSEQUENT PROCEDURE 

(2)  Following  the  imposition  of  the  provisional  anti-dumping  duty, 

five  Chinese  exporters  and  some  independent  importers  requested 

and  were  granted  an  opportunity  to  be  heard  by  the  Commission. 

They also made written submissions making known their views on the 

findings  as  did  other  independent  importers,  some  end  users  and 

the Chinese Authorities. 

(3)  Parties  were  also  informed  of  the  essential  facts  and 

considerations  on the basis of which  it was  intended  to  recommend 

the  imposition  of  definitive  duties.  They  were  also  granted  a 

period within  which  they could make  representations  subsequent  to 

these disclosures. 

(4)  The  oral  and  written  comments  submitted  by  the  parties  were 

considered  and, where  appropriate, the Commission's  findings  were 

modified to take account of them. 

C. PRODUCT UNDER CONSIDERATION - LIKE PRODUCT 

(5)  Certain  Chinese  exporters,  independent  importers  and  end  users 

have  repeated  the  argument  that deadburned  magnesite  originating 

in  the  community  and  elsewhere  is  not  a  like  product  to  that 

originating  in  the  People's  Republic  of  China,  in  this  respect, 

the  Chinese  exporters  proposed  that  an  independent  technical 

expert be appointed by the Commission to determine the question of 

whether  or not Chinese magnesite  is a "like product" to any  other 

deadburned  magnesite,  in  terms  of  the  quality  of  its  mineral 

deposits, the  extracting  and processing methods, its chemical  and 

physical characteristics  and the application of the final product. 

- 3 -

(6)  The  Commission  accepts  that  an  independent  expert  may  provide 

factual  information  as  to  any  such  differences  between  Chinese 

magnesite  and  that  from  other  sources.  The  existence  of  these 

differences  is, however,  accepted  by  the  Community  Institutions. 

It  is  also  not contested  that these  differences  do  not  alter  the 

fact  that  the  basic  physical  and  chemical  characteristics  of  all 

types of magnesite are identical. Only if these basic physical and 

technical  characteristics  were  to  be  different,  could  it  be 

considered  that the  different  types  of magnesite  are  not  similar 

products. The  fact that deadburned magnesite  from whatever  source 

can  be used  interchangeably  by  end  users  confirms  that  it  is  one 

like product. It was thus not considered necessary to appoint such 

an  expert  for  these  reasons  and  for  those  given  in  recitals  10, 

11 and  12 of the Provisional Regulation. 

The council confirms these findings and conclusions. 

D. DUMPING 

a) Reference country 

(7)  In  its  Provisional  Regulation,  the  Commission  found  that  Turkey 

was  an  appropriate  reference  country  for  the  determination  of 

normal  value  for  the  People's  Republic  of  China.  After  the 

imposition of provisional duties some of the exporters objected to 

the  use  of  Turkey  as  a  reference  country  and  proposed 

Czechoslovakia  as being more  appropriate  because of the  nature of 

its reserves, its processing  techniques, and the range of  the MgO 

(magnesium  oxide)  grades.  They  argued  that  the 

former 

Czechoslovakia,  while  being  a  market  economy,  has  an  economic 

structure closer to that of china. 

-  4 -

The Commission  recalls  however  that,  in conformity  with  Regulation 

(EEC) No  1765/82(3),  the  former  Czechoslovakia  cannot  be  regarded 

as a market economy during the investigation period of July  1990 to 

June  1991.  According  to  the  provisions  of  Article  2(5)  of 

Regulation  (EEC) No  2423/88, prices  and costs  in such  a non market 

economy cannot be used  as a basis  for establishing normal value. 

When  selecting  a market  economy  country  in which  normal  value  can 

be established,  the Commission  takes  several  factors  into  account. 

It  considers  the  access  to  raw materials,  the  representativity  of 

the market  in relation  to the quantities  exported  by  the  exporting 

country  and whether  costs  and  prices of the product  in question  in 

that country  are formed by competitive market forces. 

After  a  full  examination  of  conditions  in Turkey  in  the  light  of 

the  above  considerations,  the  Commission  concluded,  as  in  recital 

15  of  the  Provisional  Regulation,  that  Turkey  is  an  appropriate 

reference  country. 

The Council confirms these  findings and conclusions. 

b) Normal value 

(8)  With regard to the price  situation  in Turkey, the Commission  found 

that  the  high  proportion  of  sales  between  related  companies  made 

it  inappropriate  to base  normal  value on  selling  prices. However, 

it  was  found,  as  shown  in  recital  16  of  the  Provisional 

Regulation,  that  the  costs  of  production  of  the  Turkish  producer 

are  determined  through  a  process  of  competitive  tendering.  Costs 

of production  are thus established  in the ordinary course of trade 

and form an appropriate basis  for normal value. 

(3) OJ No L  195, 05.07.1982 

- 5 -

(9)  The Chinese exporters argued, after the imposition of provisional 

duties, that the normal value  as constructed  for each MgO grade 

and  as  adjusted  to  take  account  of  differences  in  conditions 

between  china  and  Turkey,  did  not  fully  reflect  the  natural 

advantages of China, where they claimed magnesite can be extracted 

and processed more easily than in Turkey. 

The Commission, to some extent, agrees  with this argument. As far 

as  the  differences  in  the  mining  and  processing  methods  are 

concerned,  the  Commission  accepts  that  for  Chinese  produced 

deadburned  magnesite,  due  to  the  natural  advantages,  some  cost 

factors  do  not  exist  in  china.  In  the  Provisional  Regulation 

normal value was adjusted to allow for beneficiation and sorting 

processes found in Turkey but not found in China. The commission 

now  considers that an additional allowance should be made for the 

ease of access to raw materials in China in comparison with that 

of  Turkey.  Therefore,  taking  into  account  the  actual  ore/spoil 

ratio found in Turkey and the level of adjustment suggested by the 
Chinese  exporters, the costs of extraction  have been  reduced  by 

20%, as found in Turkey. 

On this basis, the normal value, as established  for the Turkish 

producer,  is  considered  to  reflect  the  natural  advantages  in 

China.  The  Chinese  exporters  argued  that  a  further  allowance 

should be made in the light of the claimed proximity of the open 

cast  mines  to  the  kilns  in  China.  In  this  respect  it  must  be 

stated that the decision to locate the kilns near to the mines, 

and to move them as the mines move, is one which is influenced by 

the  non  market  cost  structure  in  China  and  that  to  make 

adjustments  on  this  account  would  be  incompatible  with  the 

purposes of Article 2(5) of the Basic Regulation. 

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(10) The normal value thus established is confirmed by the Council. 

(c) Export Price 

(11) The Council confirms  the method  used to establish  export prices 

set  out  in  recital  18  of  the  Provisional  Regulation  as  no 

substantiated  comments  in  this  respect  were  made  by  interested 

parties. 

E. COMPARISON AND DUMPING MARGIN 

(12) The  Chinese  exporters  argued  that Chinese producers  use simple, 

low cost, coke burning, shaft kilns and that an adjustment of 10% 

should  be  made  to  reflect  lower  burning  costs  in  China.  The 

Commission  established,  however, that  the Turkish  producer  also 

uses  shaft  kilns.  By  contrast  the  Commission  accepted  that  an 

allowance  should be made to reflect the higher cost of the fuel 

oil used by the Turkish producer and costs of production have thus 

been reduced by 3%. No other observation having been raised by any 

other  party, the  findings  and  conclusions  in recital  19 of the 

Provisional Regulation are hereby confirmed by the council. 

The  final  examination  of  the  facts  showed  the  existence  of 

dumping, the margin of dumping being equal to the amount by which 

the normal value exceeds the price  for export to the Community. 

This margin is equal to ECU 60 per tonne. 

(13) For  the  purpose  of  the provisional  findings  the  Commission  has 

established a single dumping margin for all Chinese exporters. The 

co-operating Chinese exporters contested the single dumping margin 

and argued that the Commission should calculate a dumping margin 

for each co-operating exporter. 

- 7 -

The Commission  recalls however that, with regard to exports  from a 

non-market  economy,  individual  treatment  must  remain  a  strict 

exception  to  be  applied  solely  in  cases  where  the  producer 

concerned  has  provided  evidence  that  it  is  free  to  establish 

export prices without  the influence  of the  state  authorities. The 

state, through  its control, could modify the pattern of  production 

and  trade,  so  as  to  take  advantage  of  the  lowest  dumping  margin 

and  thus  undermine  the  effectiveness  of  any  measures.  In  this 

respect, as explained in recital 21 of the Provisional Regulation, 

these  exporters  which  are  state  controlled  enterprises  are  not 

independent  of  any  state  influence  and  are  not  free  in  fixing 

their  export  prices.  Therefore  only  one  dumping  margin  for  all 

Chinese  exports  has  been  established.  The  Council  confirms  the 

above findings and conclusions. 

F. INJURY 

(14) The  commission  concluded  in  its  Provisional  Regulation  (see 
recitals  22-32) that the Community  industry  had  suffered  material 

injury  as  a  result  of  the  dumped  imports  of  deadburned  magnesite 

originating  in  the  People's  Republic  of  China.  Imports  of  the 

product  concerned  from  the  People's  Republic  of  China  increased 

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from  117.000  tonnes  in  1988  to  over  176.000  tonnes  during  the 

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investigation  period  of  1 July  1990  to  30  June  1991, the  market 

share of the community producers decreased  in a growing market and 

their prices  were  significantly  depressed. All  sales  by  Community 

producers  were  loss  making  or  at  a  low  profit  level.  In  this 

respect  no  new  arguments  were  put  forward  by  interested  parties. 

The  Council,  therefore,  confirms  the  Commission  findings  and 

conclusions  as in recital 32 of the Provisional Regulation. 

- 8 -

(15) The  Chinese  exporters  argued  that  there  can  be  no  injury  for 

grades  above  92% MgO  as  the  community  producers  of  these  grades 

have,  allegedly,  continually  increased  sales,  production  volume 

and capacity  utilisation. 

As  established  in  recital  34  of  the  Provisional  Regulation,  the 

Commission  did  not  find,  during  its  investigation,  that  Community 

producers  had  increased  sales,  production  volume  and  capacity 

utilisation  for  these  grades.  In  addition,  this  argument  ignores 

the  fact  that  according  to  Article  4(4)  of  Regulation  EC  No 

2423/88  injury  has to be established  in relation  to the  Community 

production  of  the  like  product,  which  consists  of  all  types  and 

grades of magnesite which are largely  interchangeable. If sales in 

the Community  by the Community  producers of certain grades are not 

affected  by  dumped  imports  in  an  identical  way  to  other  grades, 

this  has  to  be  seen  in  the  global  context  of  the  Community 

industry's  performance  on  the  Community  market  for  the  like 

product  as  a  whole,  which  means  all  types  and  grades.  This 

argument  has, therefore,  to be rejected. The  Council  confirms  the 

above findings and conclusions. 

G. CAUSATION  OF INJURY 

(16) As  set  out  in  recitals  33  and  34  of  the  Provisional  Regulation, 

the  Commission  found  that  the  Community  industry  had  suffered 

material  injury  through  the  effect  of  dumped  imports  within  the 

meaning  of Article  4(1) of  Regulation  (EEC) No  2423/88. However, 

after  the  imposition  of  provisional  measures,  the  Chinese 

exporters  and  some  importers  argued  that  the  rising  costs  of 

production  incurred  by  Community  producers  indicated  that  injury 

was  self  inflicted  and  not  attributable  to  imports  from  China. 

They also argued that injury had been caused by  imports  from North 

Korea. 

- 9 -

(17) With regard  to the  first  argument, the Commission  did  not find 

that  Community  producers'  costs  had  risen  significantly  between 

1988  and  the  investigation  period.  The  worsening  financial 

position of the community industry was the result of the downward 

pressure  on  prices  from  dumped  imports  from  China  while  costs 

remained  stable. The  Commission, therefore,  cannot  accept  that 

there was any self inflicted injury on the part of the Community 

industry  due  to  rising  costs  of  production  and  this  argument, 

therefore, has to be rejected. 

(18) With regard to imports from North Korea the Commission notes that 

China  is  by  far  the  largest  source  of  imports  of  deadburned 

magnesite  into the Community. North  Korea  accounted  for  15% of 

imports  of  deadburned  magnesite  into  the  Community  during  the 

reference period, whereas China accounted for 46% of the imports. 

Accordingly, while it cannot be excluded that factors other than 

dumped  imports  from  China  also  had  negative  effects  on  the 

Community industry, it must be concluded that the very substantial 

expansion  in  volume  and  the  low  prices  of  the  dumped  Chinese 

exports  have  been  responsible  for the  fall  in market  share and 

deteriorating financial position of the Community producers. These 

exports taken in isolation, must, therefore, be considered to have 

caused material injury to the Community industry. 

(19) The refractory  producers  argued that  imports  from China used by 

them  had  not  caused  injury  to  the  Community  producers  as  the 

Community  producers  did  not offer  for sale deadburned  magnesite 

with the appropriate chemical profile. 

- l o 

in  this  respect,  the  Commission  recalls  that  all  the  products 

imported and the magnesite produced by the Community industry are 

like products  having  the  same  basic  and  identical  physical  and 

chemical characteristics and the same applications. The Commission 

found in addition, that the Community industry is able to provide 

all  types  of  magnesite,  including  those  which  meet  the 

requirements of the above mentioned users.  The fact that, in this 

specific case, the Community  industry could not sell these types 

of magnesite to these users, while the Chinese  exporters could, 

due  to  their  low  prices,  is  a  further  indication  that  the 

Community industry was injured by the dumped imports from China. 

The Council confirms the above findings and conclusions. 

H. DUTY 

(20) As  far  as  the  amount  of  the  duty  is  concerned,  the  Commission 

established in recital 44 of the Provisional Regulation that only 

a duty equal to the full dumping margin (as established in recital 

12) which would bring the Chinese prices up to the normal value, 

is sufficient to remove the injury, caused by dumping, experienced 

by  the  Community  industry.  No  arguments  concerning  this  duty 

amount  were  put  forward,  subsequent  to  the  imposition  of  the 

provisional  duty,  the  council,  therefore,  confirms  the 

Commission's findings and conclusions in this respect. 

As  far  as  the  form  of  the  duty  is  concerned,  the  Commission 

considers that the structure of a State controlled economy gives 

the Chinese exporters considerable room for manoeuvre to further 

decrease their export prices and  such falls  in price by Chinese 

exporters have indeed taken place since 1988. The magnesite market 

is very sensitive to price instability thus the form of the duty 

should  be  such  as  to  prevent  further  price  decreases  by  the 

Chinese exporters. Therefore, neither a fixed amount of duty nor 

an ad-valorem duty seem to be appropriate. 

11 -

In  these  circumstances  it  is  considered  that  a minimum  price  at 

which the Chinese magnesite should be sold on the Community market 

should  be  established.  This  minimum  price  has  been  calculated  on 

the  basis  of  the  weighted  average  normal  value  of  deadburned 

magnesite  as  established  in  recital  9  and  as  adjusted  to  CIF 

Community  frontier  value. This minimum price is 133 ECU per tonne 

for  all  grades.  Consequently,  the  duty  should  be  equal  to  the 

difference  between  this  minimum  price  and  the  net  free  at 

Community  frontier  price  before  customs  clearance.  This  is 

confirmed by the Council. 

I. COMMUNITY  INTEREST 

(21) In  assessing  the  need  for  the  measures,  two  basic  elements  were 

taken  into  account.  The  first  is  that  to  prevent  distortions  of 

competition  arising  from unfair  commercial  practices  and  thus  to 

re-establish  open  and  fair competition  on the community  market  is 

the  purpose  of  anti-dumping  measures  and  is  fundamentally  in  the 

general Community  interest. The  second  is that, in the  particular 

circumstances  of  the  present  proceeding,  to  refrain  from  re 

establishing  a  fair  market  situation  would  endanger  the  future 

existence of the deadburned magnesite industry  since the Community 

industry  is at present unable to generate the profits necessary to 

continue  trading.  The  community  deadburned  magnesite  industry 

would  cease to be a source of  technical expertise, employment  and 

investment  (see recital 40 of the Provisional Regulation). 

(22) Certain  importers  and end users  argued that  any  increase  in costs 

for  refractory  producers  would  seriously  affect  their  ability  to 

compete with other producers outside the Community. 

- 12 -

The Commission  accepts that this  industry  is currently  facing a 

difficult trading situation both within and outside the Community 

which could be exacerbated by increases in the price of deadburned 

magnesite. The Commission considers, however, that the impact of 

the duty in the form of a minimum price per tonne, as established 

in  recital  20  above, will  be  such  as  to  enable  users  of  the 

higher grades to buy deadburned magnesite at prices which are not 

significantly  higher than those of their competitors outside the 

Community  and  thus  maintain  their  competitive  position.  In 

addition,  in  general, while  there  might  be  a  short  term  price 

advantage  to  users  if  no  duty  is  imposed,  to  refrain  from 

establishing  fair competition  on  the Community  market would, in 

the longer term, lead to less competition and higher prices. 

(23) Some  importers  argued  that  there  was  no  need  to  protect  the 

Community Industry in respect of supplies of deadburned magnesite 

which it cannot deliver. 

- 13 -

While it is true that production in the Community  is, at present, 

insufficient  to  meet  demand  for  the  product  concerned,  the 

Commission found that the Community industry is currently operating 

below  a  reasonable  capacity  utilisation  level  and  has  large 

reserves available. It was only the low priced dumped imports from 

China  which  prevented  the  Community  industry  from  utilising 

existing capacity and expanding production facilities. In addition, 

this argument is based on a mistaken view of the effects of anti 

dumping  duties.  Even  with  the  application  of  duties, community 

consumers  will  still  be  able  to  buy  Chinese  magnesite  at 

competitive prices. Indeed, as in this proceeding, where the duty 

is equal to the dumping margin, but lower than the amount required 

to fully remove the injury, it is only the unfair element of the 

exporters' price advantage which will be eliminated. There are also 

many other non Community  suppliers of deadburned magnesite on the 

Community market. The Commission sees no danger of any shortage of 

supply. 

(24) The Chinese exporters repeated the argument that it was not in the 

Community  interest  to  impose  ineffective  measures  in that  anti 

dumping  duties  imposed  on  Chinese  deadburned  magnesite  would 

result in a large increase in low priced imports from North Korea. 

As  indicated  in  recital  41  of  the  Provisional  Regulation,  the 

Commission would be made aware of Chinese  imports being replaced 

to a large extent by allegedly dumped imports from North Korea and 

in such circumstances appropriate action would be considered. 

- 14 -

(25) For  the  reasons  given  above  and  in  recitals  40  to  43  in  the 

Provisional  Regulation,  the  commission  concludes  that  the 

Community  interest  calls  for  intervention  in  this  case.  The 

Council confirms the above findings and conclusion. 

J. COLLECTION OF PROVISIONAL DUTY 

(26) The Council considers that it is not appropriate, in view of the 

change  in  the  form  of  the  duty,  in  this  particular  case,  to 

definitively collect the provisional anti-dumping duty, 

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION 

Article 1 

1. A  definitive  anti-dumping  duty  is  hereby  imposed  on  imports  of 

deadburned magnesite falling within CN Code  2519 90 30 originating 

in the People's Republic of China. 

2. The amount of the duty, shall be the difference between ECU 133 per 

tonne and the net, free-at-community-frontier  price before customs 

clearance, if this price is lower. 

3.  The provisions in force concerning customs duties shall apply. 

Article 2 

This  Regulation  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  day  following  its 

publication in the Official Journal of the European Communities. 

This  Regulation  shall  be  binding  in  its  entirety  and  directly 

applicable in all Member States. 

Done at Brussels, 

For the council 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM (93) 413 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

il  02 

Catalogue number : CB-CO-93-452-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-59022-X 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
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