Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Food Aid Policy and management in 1990
Date: 1992-10-06
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: World Food Programme, budget appropriation, cooperation policy, developing countries, distribution of EU funding, emergency aid, food aid

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Dossier SEC(92)1773

Vol.  1992/0085

 
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genannten  Verordnung 

der 

5 

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 

SECC92) 1773 final 

Brussels, 6 October 1992 

REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT 

ON FOOD AID POLICY  AND MANAGEMENT  IN 1990 

(pursuant  to Article 12 of Council  Regulation No 3972/86) 

-10-  Î992 
I Î  4 
%  Sorti du Secrétariat 
>&.  Général 

, 

CONTENTS 

Page 

I.  INTRODUCTION 

1.1.  Trends  in  food aid  policy  in  1990 

Counc i  I  dec i s ions 

1.2.  The 1990 food aid  programme 

1.2.1. 
1.2.2. 

Quant i t ies 
Budget appropriation and  used of funds 

1.3.  Implementai ion 
1.3.1. 
1.3.2 
1.3.3. 

Programming 
Recipients 
Initiatives  in  response to the Council's 
conclus ions 

I  I.  DIRECT FOOD AID 

2.1.  Utilization of direct  food aid 

(a) Free distri but ion 
(b) Sales 

2.2.  Counterpart funds 
2.3.  Multiannual  schemes 

III.  INDIRECT FOOD AID 

3.1 .  WFP 
3.2.  Food aid  to NGOs 
3.3.  Food aid  to other organizations 

IV.  EMERGENCY FOOD AID 

4.1.  Eth iop i a 
4.2.  Sudan . 
4.3.  Jordan and  Egypt 
4.4.  Rwanda 

1 

2 

7 

12 

14 
14 

16 
18 
20 

23 
23 
24 
25 

V.  COMPLEMENTARY OPERATIONS 

5.1.  Substitution schemes (Article 929) 
5.2.  Storage and early  warning system programme 

(Art icle 9281 ) 

5.3.  Cofinancing of food  purchases (Article 951) 

VI.  MOBILIZATION 

6.1.  Mobilization 1990 
6.2.  Mon i  tor i ng 

VII.  EVALUATION 

1 .  Bang I adesh 
2.  Ghana 
3.  S ierra Leone 
4.  Bo I  i ν i a 
5 .  Ni caragua 

VIII. CONCLUSIONS 

IX.  ANNEXES 

26 

26 
28 

29 
33 

34 
35 
36 
37 
38 

40 

1. Politique de  l'aide alimentaire - Conclusion 
1. Politique de  l'aide alimentaire - Conclusions du Conseil 
2. Crédits 1990 - Situation budgétaire 
3. Bénéficiaires de  l'aide alimentaire 1990 
4. Répartition de  l'aide PAM (Programme normal) 
5. Répart it ion de  l'a ide PAM (RAIU) 
6. Répartition de  l'aide PAM (IPR) 
7. Répartition de  l'aide ONG 
8. Répartition de  l'aide UNHCR 
9. Répart ition de  l'aide CICR 
10. Répartition de  l'aide LICROSS 
11. Répartition de  l'aide UNRWA 
12. Répartition de  l'aide d'urgence 
13. Mobilisation de  l'aide alimentaire : 

- Situât ion au 31.12.90 
- Si tuat ion au 30.04.91 

- 1 -

I. 

INTRODUCTION 

1.1.  Trends  in food aid policy  in  1990 

Council  decisions 

A 

Resolution on food aid policy  and management - conclusions 

On 29 May  1990, the Development  Council  adopted  a series of  con­
clusions on  food  aid  policy  and  management  following  the  Novem­
ber  1989  Resolution  on  the  subject  (see  Annexe  1).  The  main 
points covered were: 

better  integration of  food  aid  in  other  forms of  development 
aid, with a  view to  a stronger  impact on food  security. 

This  meant  better  programming,  to  include  an  assessment  of 
the  instruments most  likely  to help  the country  in  question. 
Food  aid  and  other  forms  of  assistance  could  be  programmed 
jointly  in  pilot  projects for  countries with food  shortfalls, 
which  would  get  regulai  food  and  financial  aid.  Free  and 
subsidised  food  distribution  operations  and  food  for  work 
projects would  also be an opportunity  for  closer  integration 
of  the various  instruments; 

multiannual  programmes. 

These are only used where  they will  improve the overall  effi­
ciency of  the food  aid allocations. This means that  the total 
percentage  of  the  food  aid  programme  channelled  into 
multiannual  programmes  should  not  be  such  as  to  preclude  a 
response to other  priority demands. 

These programmes ensure continuity and  boost  the role of food 
aid  as  an  instrument  of  development.  They  can  help  improve 
the  planning  of  triangular  operations,  thereby  increasing 
their  impact  and effectiveness. 

There  are  certain  criteria  to  be  met  before  a  multiannual 
programme can  be  run,  i.e.  the  recipient  countries must  have 
national  or  (in  exceptional  cases)  local  structural  food 
shortfalls, a  viable  food  policy  and  a  programme  or  project 
of which  food aid  is  an essential  feature. 

- 2 -

Β. 

Commi to logy 

On 29 June 1990, following a  proposal  from  the Commission  and  an 
opinion  from  the  European Parliament, the Council  adopted  amend­
ments  to  the  basic  food  aid  regulation  (3972/86  on  Food  Aid 
Policy  and  Food  Aid  Management) and  new  regulations  on  storage 
and  early  warning  operations  and  the  cofinancing  of  food  pur­
chased by organizations  in  the developing countries. 

In  all  three cases, the  main thing  was a  change  in  the nature of 
the  Food  Aid Committee, which was  from  then on  to use  management 
committee  procedure  (variation  Β  of  the  Council  decision  of 
13 July  1987).  The  regulations  were  made  permanent  at  the  same 
t i me. 

Management  committee  procedure  enables  the  Commission  to  take 
decisions which can  be applied  immediately  if  the Committee gives 
a  favourable opinion or  no opinion at  all, or  transmitted  to the 
Council  in  the event  of  an  unfavourable opinion  - in  which case 
the Council  can  take a  different  decision from  the Commission's, 
within two months. 

1.2.  The 1990 food aid  programme 

1.2.1. 

Quantities 

The quantities of food  aid decided on  by  the Community at  the beginning 
of  the year  were as follows. 

Products 

Quantities 1990 

Quantities 1989 

Cerea Is 
Ml Ikpowder 
Butteroil 
Sugar 
Oil 

1  360 000 Τ 
94 100 Τ 
18 000 Τ 
15 000 Τ 
50 000 Τ 

1  360 000 Τ 
94 100 Τ 
25 000 Τ 
14 200 Τ 
40 000 Τ 

Others products 

ECU 40 m i  11 ion 

ECU 30 m i  11 ion 

In  1990, the  quantities of cereal 
but  there was a big drop (28%) in 
variety of foodstuffs, vegetable c 
fish etc and, to a  lesser extent, 

s and  milk  were the same  as  in  1989, 
butteroil, offset by an  increase  in a 
>i I  and other products such as pulses, 
sugar (see figures 1-4 below). 

Figure  1 

Figure 2 

OIL 
(+  25%) 

1  000  tonnes 

BUTTEROIL 

(- 28%) 

1  000 tonnes 

Figure 3 

Figure 4 

OTHER PRODUCTS 
(+ 33.33%) 

1  000  ECUS 

SUGAR 
(+  5.63%) 

tonnes 

1ΘΟΟΟ ν 
14000-
12000 -
10000-
6000-f 
eooo-l . 
<000 J 
2000-I  / 

- 4 -

The  quantities ultimately  allocated  to  the  various  beneficiaries over 
the  year  were  the  same  as  the  quantities  actually  authorized  in  all 
cases  except  milk  products,  where  the  figures  were  only  71  100  t  of 
milk (instead of 94 100 t) and 9 280 t  of  butteroil (instead  of  18 000 
t).  See figures 5 and 6 below. 

Figure 5 

MILK PRODUCTS 
(6 25%) 

Figure 6 

BUTTEROIL 

(-  49%) 

1  000  tonnes 

1  000  tonnes 

These  variations, representing  decreases of  26% and  49% respectively, 
were  required  to release the  corresponding funds  to finance  the  trans­
port  of  the food  aid  allocations, since the  amounts actually  earmarked 
for  this were entirely  inadequate. 

The  reductions  were  possible  thanks,  in  particular,  to  the  fact  that 
one  major  beneficiary,  India,  carried  the  (projected)  multiannual 
programme  delivery  of  12 000 t  of  milk  over  to a  later  year  and opted 
for  a  substitution  scheme  in  place  of  the  equivalent  quantities  of 
butteroil. The  EEC  has undertaken  to  provide  India  with  quantities of 
milk  products  every  year  for  seven  years (1987-1994)  to  back  up  the 
Operation Flood  III  milk development  operation. 

1.2.2. 

Budget  appropriation and  used of  funds 

(a)  The  appropriations  available  in  1990  under  Chapter  92  for  the 
implementation of maximum  quantities and  complementary operations 
totalled  ECU  559.9  million  in  commitment  appropriations  (this 
includes  credits  reconstituted  and  carried  over  from  previous 
years)  and  ECU  565,233  million  in-  payment  appropriations 
(including credits carried over  from  1989) - cf. Annex  2. 

- 5 -

ECU  539.4 million (96.3%) of  the  total  ECU  559.9 million  of  the 
commitment  appropriations  were  actually  used.  The  balance  was 
funds  from  line  9200 (cereals  under  the  Food  Aid  Convention) 
remaining  when  the  price  of  cereals  on  the  Community  market 
dropped  and  less  was  needed  for  schemes  which  had  been  decided 
upon and were already  under  way. 

The  quantities  provided  under  the  Food  Aid  Convention  were  com­
mitted  in  full.  Since  this  was obligatory  spending,  it  was  not 
possible  to  switch  the  appropriations  to other  items of  Chapter 
92 -  which  are  non-obligatory  spending  (see  figures  7  and  ε 
be low). 

Figure 7 

Figure 8 

COMMITMENT APPROPRIATIONS 

(- 17.63%) 

COMMITMENT APROPRI AT IONS 
(Total  ECU (559.9 million) 

800 
700 
600 
500 
400 
300 
200 
100 
0 

1989 

Year 

1990 

TOTAL  OQAflTTED 
(96. OK) 

' ΒΜ_ΑΝΣ 
COM TIED  (4.CK) 

ECU  484.881  million of  the  payment  appropriations were  consumed 
(85.78% of  the total  appropriations). 

(b)  The biggest  problem, and one which dogged food aid  implementation 
throughout  the  year,  was  the  inadequacy  of  the  appropriations 
earmarked  to transport  the food  provided. 
Right from  the begin­
ning  of  the  year,  it  was clear  that  the  amount  in  question, ECU 
116.5 million (ECU 75 million from  the original  budget, plus  ECU 
41.5  million  reconstituted  from  appropriations  from  previous 
programmes) was  far  too small  for  the  food  aid  operations which 
the Community felt  were needed. 

- 6 -

One of  the  reasons for  this was  the  fact  that  ECU 56.3  million-
worth of  bills for  pre-1989 programmes were paid  to the organiza­
tions  in  the first  half of  1990. This amount  went  up further, to 
ECU 66 million*, over  the year. 

The  Commission  avoided  having  to  stop  all  food  aid  from  July 
onwards by  making a  first switch, of ECU  32.5 million, to Article 
925  (transport)  from  the  butteroil  and  milkpowder  lines.  In 
doing so,  it  knew that  it  would  not  then be able  to allocate  the 
projected amounts of milk  products  in full  in  1990. 

Despite  this  measure,  transport  appropriations  were  still  badly 
needed  in September  for  all  the schemes for  which  decisions were 
envisaged. 

Since  it  was not  possible  to  feed  Article 925 of  the  budget  by 
switching  from  other  chapters,  there  were  political  choices  to 
make  in  DG VIII,  which  decided  that  milkpowder  and  butteroil 
operations would be kept  to the strictest  minimum and cereals and 
other  products would be maintained  at  the projected  levels. 

An extra  ECU 36.29  million was then  made available  in  Chapter 92 
and  most  of  it  (ECU  35.4  million) switched  to  transport.  The 
balance (ECU  1.59 million) went  to  Article 923 (vegetable oil), 
where,  with  an  unexpected  price  increase,  appropriations  were 
inadequate to cover  the projected schemes. 

Transport 
ECU 184.4 mi I  I  ion. 

appropriations 

in 

1990 

ultimately 

came 

to 

Once  again, this  necessity  to  have  recourse  to  transfers  during 
the  year (the second  of  which only  took  place  in  December  1990) 
interferred with  the proper  management of commitments to food aid 
schemes  and  led  to  a  build-up  of  commitments over  a  very  short 
period  at  the  end  of  the  year, with  all  the  attendant  problems 
for  the  departments  involved  (the  food  aid  unit,  financial 
control  etc).  At  the  same  time,  commitments  could  not  be  made 
from  the budget, so schemes decided on  in  the second  half of  the 
year  lagged  and  could  not  be  implemented  at  the  desired  rate -
which repercussed on both  implementation and  payment. 

* 

The  unforeseeable  nature  of  such  an  amount  was  still  due  to  the  non-dissociated 
appropriations  system  used  for  transport  in  1988  and  to  the  global, single  commit ment 
system, which did not  involve the stringent  monitoring of  estimates for  each scheme  which 
would only  have been  possible by  computer.  The system  introduced  in  1989 for commitments 
by scheme with computerised  monitoring much  improved the financial  forecasting. 

- 7  -

1.3.  Implementation 

1.3.1. 

Food aid  programming 

So the quantities of  food  aid are programmed  in  two successive amounts 
with  an  indicative  breakdown.  The  first  is  divided  into  direct  and 
indirect  aid  in  the  light of  both  the needs expressed  by  the organiza­
tions and the  implementation of previous allocations to  these organiza­
tions.  The second  is divided  into various kinds of  direct  aid,  in  the 
light  of  specific  social  and  economic  indicators  (per  capita  GNP, 
balance  of  payments  situation,  infant  death  rate,  calorie  coverage, 
number of  months of  import coverage and debt  servicing). 

These  elements  are  taken  into  account  and  related  to  the  country's 
import  requirements  to  yield  an  indicative  allocation  figure  for  each 
country.  This  is then adjusted at  meetings with the relevant  geograph­
ical  units  in  the  light of  the economic situation  in some countries and 
of  the way  food aid  was managed previously. 

These country guidelines are entirely  indicative until  such time  as the 
decisions are taken so changes can be made during  the year  to cater  for 
any priorities which arise. 

In  1990, budget  constraints mentioned  in  1.2.2.  prevented  the  Commis­
sion  from  meeting  its  aim  of  deciding  on  the  bulk  of  the  allocations 
during  the  first  six  months of  the year  so  implementation  and  payment 
could be made  in  the calendar year. 

Many of  the decisions,  in fact, had  to be taken  at  the end of  the year, 
in  particular at  the  last  Food Aid Committee meeting  in December. 

However,  all  allocations  of  the  various  products  by  organiza­
tion/recipient  country  were  completely  decided  on  by  31  December  -
other  than  for  two  emergency  operations (one  for  Sudan  and  one  for 
Peru)  where  the  procedure  started  in  December  and  only  finished  in 
January.  The  Food  Aid  Committee  met  10 times  over  the  year  for  this 
purpose, holding regular  exchanges of views on emergency aid as well  as 
dealing with specific food  aid and  storage proposals. 

Part of  the quantities allocated wont  to emergoncy  food aid  operations. 
With cereals, 11% of the  programme were used for  this and about  11% for 
refugee schemes.  The  percentages of  other  products used  for  emergen­
cies  varied  between  3% (milk) and  11% (pulses)  and  the  percentages 
going  to refugees were 7% for  milk, 13.5% for  vegetable oil  and  38.5% 
for  other  products such  as  pulses  and  fish  and  the  fresh  foods which 
ensured adequate variation  in camp diets. 

- 8 -

These  percentages  refer  to  quantities.  The  total  value  of  emergency 
food  aid  was about 7% of the  amounts  in  the budget  and  the  total  value 
of food for  refugees about 13% (see figure 9 below). 

Figure 9 

FOOD AID  ALLOCATIONS 
(Total  ECU 559.9 mi I I  ion) 

Standard aid (80.CK) 

Refugees  (13.CK) 

Emergencies  (7.CK) 

1.3.2. 

Recipients 

The  value  of  food  aid  (all  products) sent  direct  to  Governments  and 
Indirectly  through  international  organizations  and  NGOs  was  evenly 
split  (50%-50%)  between  ACP  and  non-ACP  countries  (cf.  figure  10 
be Iow). 

Figure  10 

RECIPIENTS 

Ham of Africa 
19% 

Asia 
18K 

Mediterranean 
2GK 

Other 
1 rø 

Southern  Africa 

16% 

Latin & Central  Anerica 

117. 

- 9 -

The regions which  received  the biggest shares of  food  aid (value) were, 
in  descending order: 

Mediterranean 
Horn of Afr ica 
Asia 
Southern Africa 
Lat i η Amer i ca 
Other (West Africa etc) 

20.2% 
19.4% 
17.9% 
15.4% 
11.1% 
16.0% 

A  list of  food aid  recipients  in  1990  is set out  in  Annexe 3. 

1.3.3. 

Initiatives run  in response  to the Council's conclusions 

(a)  The Commission  aimed  for  a  constant  improvement  in  the  extent  to 

which  food  aid  matched  the  needs of  the  recipients and  so, fol­
lowing  an  opinion  from  the  Food  Aid  Committee,  decided  to  add 
more  products  to  the  list  of  foods (containing  such  things  as 
fruit  and  vegetables) which  international  organizations and  NGOs 
could  buy  locally  to  meet  the  needs  of  refugees  and  clearly 
defined  target  groups. 

This  made  for  maximum  flexibility  and  speed  in  responding  to 
needs and  helped support  local  production. 

(b)  The  Community  only  decided  on  one  new  multiannual  programme  in 
1990  -  Cape  Verde's,  which  was  carried  over  for  three  years 
(1990-1992).  In  accordance with  the Council's conclusions,  this 
decision  followed  an  evaluation  of  the  food  aid  programme  run 
previously,  which  recognized  that  there  was  a  structural  food 
deficit  in  Cape Verde  and  that  counterpart  funds had  been  put  to 
proper  use  for  a  national  economic  and  social  development 
programme which  had  top government  priority. 

The  decision  involved  9000  t  of  cereals  and  800 t  of  vegetable 
oil  each year.  The products are sold at  the prices usually  asked 
for goods of an equivalent  quality on the Cape Verdean  market and 
negotiated by  the Community and  the Cape Verdean Government  every 
year. 

The  counterpart  funds  accruing  from  these  sales  are  channelled 
into  the  National  Development  Fund  and  used  to  finance  the 
multiannual  development  programme - a  priority among  the develop­
ment  schemes which  the Community  is supporting  through  the  Euro­
pean Development  Fund and  aimed at  restoration of  the soil (anti-
desertification), reafforestation, extra agricultural 

- 10 -

production and  the creation  of  rural  development  infrastructure 
(roads,  tracks  etc).  They  are  also  Used  to  finance  labour-
intensive jobs. 

Cape  Verde  reports  on  the  use  of  the  counterpart  funds  every 
year.  There are plans to evaluate the results at  the end of  year 
three of  the  programme with  a  view  to making  recommendations for 
a possible extension. 

(c)  The  Commission  also  evaluated  the  situation  in  Bangladesh  and 
looked  at  the  idea  of  combining  the  programming of  food  aid  and 
financial  and  technical  assistance - which,  in  view of  the  par­
ticular  importance of  food  aid  as a  percentage of  the  country's 
overall  development assistance (roughly 50%) was taken up. 

After  the  first  report,  it  was  clear  that  an  approach  of  this 
sort  was not  only  viable,  but  of  considerable advantage  too, so 
it  was decided  to pursue  it  and  to send out  another  team of  con­
sultants  in  1991  to  produce a  full  feasibility  report  as a  basis 
for subsequent  proposals. 

(d)  For  the  first  time  for  years,  it  was  decided  to  send  Ethiopia 
structural  food  aid - 50 000 t  of  cereals  for  the  Agricultural 
Marketing Corporation (AMC) to sell  on the  local  market - along­
side  the  products  for  free  distribution.  This  was  a  first 
attempt  at  gently  moving  away  from  pure  assistance  towards  aid 
geared  to reconstruction and  development. 

The  aid  was  part  of  the  economic adjustment  programme  run under 
Ethiopia's New Economic Policy.  It  was proposed  that counterpart 
funds  also  be  used,  where  necessary,  to  counter  the  negative 
effects of  the  policy (this  is  the  social  dimension  of  adjust­
ment) and they were also expected  to help finance the rehabilita­
tion of storage capacities and  the restructuring of  the AMC. 

However,  the  results  of  the  troubles  prevented  this  aid  from 
being  implemented  in  1990-1991.  One  instalment (25 000 t) was  in 
fact  sent  out  in  1991, but  war  and  drought  had  created  a  crisis 
situation  such  that  the  food  had  to  be  distributed  free  of 
charge. 

So the structural  aid will  be  implemented  in  1992. 

-11-

SEMINAR ON COMMUNITY FOOD AID POLICY 
IN THE CONTEXT OF  FOOD SECURITY  IN  THE 1990s 

The  European  Centre  for  Development  Policy  Management  ran  this seminar,  at  the  Commission's 
request,  in  Maastricht on 18-21  November  1990. 

It  was attended  by  representatives of  the Commission, all  the  Member  States and  the  WFP, the 
FAO and  Euronaid, together  with S.Maxwell  from  the  Institute of  Development Studies (IDS) and 
B.Johnson of  Nedworc, who  led some of  the discussions. 

The programme  included plenary sessions and discussions  in small  working parties. 

The main conclusions were as follows. 

Composition and  level  of  European Community food aid 
Although  it  was  clear  that,  given  the  probable  increase  in  the  developing  countries' 
import requirements, food aid had  to be continued  in the 1990s, the seminar did  not recom­
mend  increasing  what were already  substantial  quantities.  Milk  had  to give way  to higher 
priority products which were  part of the  basic diets of the developing countries. 

Al location criteria 
The  European  Community's  Indicators  were  deemed  to  be  satisfactory  overall, although  it 
was suggested that  more attention be  paid to  questions related  to such things as agricul­
tural  management and the efficient use of counterpart  funds. 

Integration of  Instruments of assistance 
Although the principles adopted here were sound, applying them  was very difficult.  It  was 
recognised that a  Food Security Plan could be  Important when  it  came to formulating  inter-
sectoral  policies and  organising aid  around  a  guiding concept  and  that  it  could  be a  way 
of coordinating donors. 

Community food aid arrangements 
Triangular operations and substitution schemes, particularly  the  latter, were seen as very 
positive when  it  came to forging  a  link  between food  aid and  development.  Monetar isat ion 
was expected  to be a  major aspect during the  1990s. 

Food aid management 
Points highlighted  included  the  need  to  speed  up  the  emergency  procedures,  increase  the 
staff  working on food  aid and  paying  more attention to  programming and  evaluating propos­
als. 

Lastly, there  was some  doubt  as to  the  usefulness of  the  principles of  surplus disposal 
and the Surplus Disposal  Committee. 

- 12 -

I I. 

DIRECT FOOD AID 

The  Commission  allocated  this  direct  to  the  recipient  countries  in 
accordance  with  agreements  entered  into  with  them.  Most  recipients 
were  low-income countries with structural  or  cyclical  food deficits. 

Standard direct  food aid  in  1990 was as follows. 

PRODUCTS 

QUANTITIES 
(tonnes) 

Percentage of  global  quantities 
committed for  each product 

1989 

1990 

1989 

Cerea Is 
Mi Ikpowder 
But tero i  I 
Vegetable oi I 
Sugar 

723 100 
42 930 
5 726 
18 450 
900 

756 971 
21 817 
4 800 
21 350 
1  000 

53 17 
45 62 
53 16 
55 05 
8 42 

Other products 

ECU 7.22 mio 

ECU 4.225 mio 

24 99 

1990 

55 66 
30 68 
51  72 
42 70 
6 67 

10 56 

As  in  1989,  the  percentages  of  cereals  and  vegetable  oil  were  high 
because the  European Community considered  these products to be  the best 
for  the structural  food deficits  in  the recipient  countries. 

In  1990,  direct  aid  - of  which  the  main  beneficiaries  were  Egypt, 
Bangladesh,  Mozambique  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  Ethiopia  - accounted 
for  53.54% of  the  total.  Much  of  it  went  to  non-ACP  countries, which 
received 59.08% of the  total  value, as against 40.92% for  the ACPs. 

2.1.  Utilization of  direct  food  aid 

Standard direct  food aid  went  to 27 developing countries. 

It  was  either  sold  to  yield  counterpart  funds  to  finance  development 
projects or handed out  to vulnerable sections of the  population or  food 
for  work operat ions. 

(a)  Free distribution 

Under  the standard  direct  food  aid  programme for  1990, 140 991  t 
of cereals (18.63% of  the total  cereals allocated as direct  aid), 
3820  t  of  milkpowder  (17.51%)  and  4650  t  of  vegetable  oil 
(21.78%) were distributed  free of charge. 

- 13 -

A  total  of  12  countries  benefited,  but  the  main  recipients  in 
this category were Bangladesh, Mozambique and  Bolivia. 

(b)  Sales 

The bulk  of  the direct  food aid  was sold.  The quantities were as 
foI Iows. 

615 980 t of  cereals 

17 997 t  of milkpowder 
16 700 t  of  vegetable oil 

1  000 t  of sugar 
4 800 t  of  butteroi I 

(81.37% of  direct aid) 
(82.49%) 
(78.22%) 
(100%) 
(100%) 

The  main  beneficiary  here  was  Egypt, with  160 000  t  of  cereals 
and  8000  t  of  vegetable  oil.  Large  amounts  also  went  to 
Bangladesh (116 000 t  of  cereals), China (10 800 t  of  milkpowder 
and  3 600 t  of  butteroil, all  to be  sold) and  Mozambique (where 
78%  of  the  direct  aid  -  110  000  t  of  cereals,  850  t  of 
milkpowder, 600  t  of  butteroil  and  3 000  t  of  vegetable  oil  -
were so Id). 

(c)  Food aid  decisions for  the Sahel  countries, particularly Chad  and 
Niger,  are  worth  mentioning  here.  When,  following  the  African 
crisis  of  1984,  the  Sahel's  early  warning  system  (part  of  it 
financed  from  the food  aid  Chapter) was set  up,  it  was very  soon 
clear  that  the shortage  of  rain meant  that  the  region  was going 
to be faced with  very serious supply problems. 

The  Commission  was  therefore  able  to  take  speedy  decisions  to 
help the  worst affected  countries to cope with  the problem  during 
the tiding-over  period. 

The 15 000 t  cereal  decision for  Niger  enabled  the Government  to 
remove  an  equivalent  quantity  of  millet  from  its  own  buffer 
stocks and  distribute  it  free of  charge to  people  in  areas where 
there  was  a  shortage.  The  Community  aid  replenished  the  stocks 
and  thus  had  the  dual  effect  of  supporting  local  production  and 
helping the needy. 

The Peruvian operation also had  this dual  effect of  backing  local 
production and  helping vulnerable sections of  the population. 

This  decision  involved  15  000  t  of  flour  and  5000  t  of  it  was 
sold  on  the  Peruvian  market  and  the  revenue  used  to  purchase 
local  products  which  were  then  distributed  to  the  most  vulnera­
ble. 

- 14 -

2.2.  Counterpart  funds 

Following  the  counterpart  fund  formation study (see  1989 report), the 
Commission  tried  to strengthen  the counterpart  fund  utilization frame­
work  and  improve  the  administration  and  control  of  these  monies.  A 
general  examination  of  counterpart  fund  utilization,  particularly  in 
structural  adjustment programmes, was going on at  the same time, one of 
the  aims being  to establish  a  consistent  framework  for  the  management 
of  all  counterpart  funds  regardless  of  origin  (food  aid  or  import 
programme). 

Mozambique  is  a  case  in  which  the  utilization  of  Community  aid-
generated  counterpart  funds  has  been  revised.  An  agreement  with  the 
Government on the utilization of all  counterpart funds generated  by a I  i 
the Community  instruments, food  aid  included, provided  for  these funds 
to be used  as follows: 

- a maximum of 60% to pay the Government's debt; 
- 30% for emergency operations, for anti-poverty schemes as part  of  the 
economic and  social  rehabilitation programme and  for  schemes to  mar­
ket  the country's agricultural  produce; 
- 10% for EEC-financed  development projects. 

2.3.  Multiannual  schemes 

The total  quantities allocated as multiannual  aid were as follows 

PRODUCT 

1989 

1990 

Percentage of total  quantities 
ai located en  1990 

1989 

1990 

Cerea Is 
Mi Ik 
Buttero i  I 
Oil 

24 000 
30 230 
5 076 
800 

24 000 
10 800 
3 600 
800 

1,75 % 
32,1  % 
47,1  % 
2,0  % 

1,75 % 
15,2  % 
38,7  % 
1,6  % 

India  did  not  require  milk  products  in  1990 because, with  the success 
of Operation Flood,  there was surplus milk  on the  market.  The Commis­
sion even  purchased 485 t  of  milk (for  a  Licross operation) from  India 
to help  it  out of  this entirely exceptional situation. 

- 15 -

Under  the  multiannual  commitment,  India  had  the  benefit  of  an  ECU  5 
million substitution scheme - which was not  entirely appropriate  under 
the  circumstances  because,  although  the  country  no  longer  needed  the 
milk  products,  it  did  in  fact  need  cash  to  continue  with  Operation 
F lood. 

/ 

(4) 

- 16 -

III.  INDIRECT FOOD AID  FROM THE  EEC 

This  was  distributed  via  either  non-governmental  organisations  or 
international organisations. 

In  most cases,  it  was handed out free of charge. 

PRODUCT 

Cereals 
Mi Ikpowder 
Buttero i  I 
Vegetable oil 
Sugar 

QUANTITY 
(T) 

505 896 
46 343 
4 000 
25 486 
14 000 

Other products 

ECU 34.010 mil 1  ion 

Percentage of global  quantities 
for each product 

37.2 X 
65.2 % 
43.1  X 
51.0 * 
93.3 X 

86.2 3! 

This aid  represented 39.6% of  the value of  all  European Community  food 
aid  in 1990.  The ACP countries, which had  the benefit of 60.89% of  the 
amount  as against  the non-ACP  countries' 39.11%, had  a  bigger  share of 
indirect  than direct aid. 

3.1.  The WFP 

The Community contribution  to the  WFP was divided  between  the standard 
programme  and  the  international  emergency  reserve  fund  and,  for  the 
first  time, extended relief schemes for refugees. 

As  in  1989, the WFP  was the main  beneficiary of  indirect  food aid  from 
the EEC. 

PRODUCT 
PRODUCT 

Quantity programmed 
(T) 

Standard 

IEFR 

PRO 

% of all  indirect food 
% of all  indirect food 
aid for each  product 
aid for each  product 

TOTAL 
TOTAL 
(T) 
(T) 

Cereals 
MiIkpowder 
Buttero 11 
Sugar 
Vegetable oiI 
Other products 

100 000 
20 000 
1  500 
-
4 500 
ECU 0.5 
mi 11 ion 

77 500 
-
-
-
1  724 
ECU 2.0 
mi 11 ion 

80 000 
-
2 500 
5 000 
3 000 
ECU 4.0 
mi 11 ion 

257 500 
20 000 
4 000 
5 000 
9 224 
ECU 6.5 
mi i  1  ion 

50.9  X 
43.15 X 
X 
100 
35.7  X 
33.3  X 
24.9  X 

- 17 -

Overall,  in  terms of  quantity,  the  Community  maintained  its contribu­
tion  at  more or  less  the same  level  as  in  previous years, with  one or 
two  reductions,  for  butteroil  and  cereals (standard  programme),  very 
largely offset  by extra oil, sugar and other  products. 

However, given  the reduction  in  the price of  the  products, the  Commu­
nity contribution actually went  down  in value. 

(a)  Standard resources 

The  standard  programme  allocation  was  used  in  43  countries. 
Those with the biggest quantities were China, Bangladesh, Tunisia 
and  Kenya  for  cereals  and  Cuba  and  Morocco  for  milkpowder.  A 
breakdown of aid  in  this programme  is set out  in Annexe 4. 

The decline  in  the quantities of  cereals  in  relation to  1989 was 
not as large as  it  may appear, because the 159 720 t of  1989 were 
in  fact  reached  thanks to a decision  taken  in  December  for  quan­
tities intended to cover WFP  projects  in 1990. 

The decrease  in  butteroil  was the  result  of  the  policy of  using 
it  less for cooking and  it  led  to a large allocation of vegetable 
oil. 

The  WFP's  slowness  in  using  the  Community  allocation  of  other 
products  in  1989 was  behind  the  reduction of  the  allocation  for 
1990. 

The  value of  the Community  contribution  was about  ECU 48.5 mil­
lion. 

(b)  International  emergency food  reserve 

The Community contribution here was a multilateral one, providing 
support for  15 emergency operations, the  largest of which  were  in 
Sudan and L i ber ia. 

It  was an estimated ECU 23.05 million  in  value. Annexe 5 contains 
a breakdown of this aid  in 1990. 

(c)  Extended refugee  relief schemes 

Since the WFP and  the UNHCR  had agreed on extended refugee relief 
projects  as  a  special  fund  within  standard  aid,  the  Community 
channelled  a  substantial  part  of  its  assistance  for  refugees 
through  the  WFP, thereby  making  its  first  donation  to  the  long-
term refugee projects.  These projects, which provide help over a 
period of  12 to  18 months so as  to ensure greater  continuity of 
supply, are  drawn up  by  the  WFP, examined  by  the  WFP's  project 
sub-committee and approved  by  its policies and programmes commit­
tee.  The Commission took  an active part  in  the meetings of  these 

- 18 -

committees  in  1990 and  asked  for  development  to  be  better  inte­
grated  into  these  projects as a  complement  to  the work  on food, 
which  was an  important  aspect  of  relief,  although  not  the  only 
one. 

In  1990, the Community  granted 80 000 t  of  cereals, 2 500  t  of 
butteroil, 3 000  t  of  vegetable oil  and  5 000 t  of  sugar,  plus 
ECU 4 million to buy other  products (see Annexe 6). 

The  cereals distributed  were  more  varied  than  in  1989  and  this 
was due  to WFP  Involvement  In  the operations  and  an  increase  in 
applications to the Commission. 

The value of this contribution was an estimated ECU 34.8 million. 

(d)  EEC-WFP cooperation 

The WFP budget  covers two years and  it  is as well  to bear  this  in 
mind when  looking at  the Community contribution and seeing how  it 
fits  in with  those of other donors. 

The  total  Community  contribution  in  the  two-year  period  1989-1990 was 
ECU 237  million,  approximately  1/5  of  all  resources  received  by  the 
WFP, making  the  Community  the  third  largest  donor  after  the  USA  and 
Canada (to which  it  was very close). 

3.2.  Food aid  to non-governmental  organisations 

In 1990, the total  quantities available to NGOs were as follows. 

Cereals 

Milk 
powder 

Buttero!1 

Sugar 

vegetable 
oi 1 

Beans 

Dried 
f ish 

3 158 

1  980 

385 

496 

1  870 

3 008 

273 

186 182 

20 000 

— 

2 500 

8 830 

20 541 

552 

Balance of 
1989 programme 

Standard 
decisions 

Emergency 
decisions 

5 233 

— 

— 

— 

— 

36 

TOTAL 

194 573 

21 980 

385 

2 996 

10 700 

23 585 

— 

825 

- 19 -

Therefore there  was a total  tonnage of 255 044 t  for  a  total  estimated 
budget of  ECU  122.7 million  in  1990, as against  265 490 t  and  ECU 127 
million  in  1989.  The breakdown  by  country and  by organization of  this 
aid  in 1990 is set out  in Annexe 7. 

In  comparison  with  the  1989  programme,  we  can  make  the  following 
remarks : 

(a)  The allocation of  cereals  is  down  by  10.4%.  This was offset  by 
an  increase  in requests from Governments (in the Sahel), to which 
the Community responded with direct aid; 

(b)  quantities of  milk  powder  were  reduced  by  2.4% as  this  product 

was not allocated to India; 

(c)  a  reduction  of  77.2%  in  the  quantities  of  butteroil  allocated 
because,  from  1990  onwards,  the  Commission  decided  to  stop 
supplying  NGOs with  butteroil, which  was  being  used  as  fat  and 
not  for  the  reconstitution  of  milk,  and  to  replace  it  with 
vegetable oil; 

(d)  11.2%  less  sugar  has  been  allocated,  this  product  being  used 

mainly for  refugee relief operations; 

(e)  an  increase  of  235%  in  vegetable  oil  quantities,  to  replace 
butteroil  and to meet substantial  requests from the  NGOs; 

(f)  allocations of beans have  increased by  292%; 

(g)  quantities  of  dried  fish  have  been  increased  by  4.9%.  The 
increasing  importance  of  these  last  two  products  reflects  both 
the  increase  in  the amounts available  for  other  products and  the 
usefulness  of  these  high-protein  foods  in  free  distribution 
programmes for  the under-nourished. 

However,  the  increase  was  still  inadequate  to  meet  all  NGO 
requests. 

The food aid granted  to NGOs was distributed by  37 such organiza­
tions  in 40 different countries, as follows: 
29.1% of  total  NGO allocations to development schemes; 
" 
1.7% to refugee schemes; 
61.2% to social schemes; 
8.0% to emergency operations. 

- 20 -

The breakdown of quantities by  region was as follows 

Cereal 
Ml Ik 
equi va lent  powder 

ACP countries 
Asia 
Cent. America 
Machraq 
Maghreb 
South America 

154 149 
21 748 
8 152 
1  246 
-
9 278 

15 410 
2 190 
-
690 
270 
3 420 

Butteroi1 

Sugar 

vegetable 

Beans 

oi 1 

6 865 
990 
1  560 
-
205 
1  080 

17 950 
270 
4 614 
-
553 
198 

205 
-
-
180 
-

" 

1  592 
378 
600 
-
134 
292 

Or ied 
f ish 

681 
-
-
-
144 
-

TOTAL 

194 573 

21 980 

385 

2 996 

10 700 

23 585 

825 

As  in  1989, the  main regional  beneficiary, and  for  all  products, 
was the ACP Group. 

3.3.  Food aid  to other  international organizations 

In  1990, as  in  previous years, five  organisations other  than  the  NGOs 
received food aid from  the EEC.  They were: 

(a)  the UN High Commissioner  for Refugees (UNHCR) 
(b)  the  International  Committee of  tho Rod Cross (ICRC) 
(c)  the League of Red  Cross and Red Crescent  Societies (Licross) 
(d)  the United  Nations Relief  and Works  Agency  for  Palestinian Refu­

gees  in  the Near  East (UNRWA) 

(e)  the United  Nations Border Relief Operation (UNBRO) 

More  vegetable oil, sugar  and  other  products were  granted  as standard 
food aid  to these organizations than  in 1989. 

The quantities of  cereals, milkpowder  and  butteroil  declined slightly. 
In  the case  of  cereals, as  in  the case  of  the  NGOs,  this was  because 
there was  more direct  aid. The  decline  in  milk  products reflected  the 
decline  in  these products  in general. 

Cereal 
equivalent 

Milk 
powder 

Butteroi 1 

vegetable 

Sugar 

oil 

Other products 
In ECU  mi 11 ion 

1989 
1990 

341 24? 
330 896 

29 770 
26 343 

4 500 
4 000 

8 40b 
17 486 

/ 185 
11  500 

14.0 
21.47 

- 21 -

(a)  UNHCR 

Despite  the  agreement  with  the  WFP on channelling  a  significant 
part  of  refugee  relief  through  it,  the  UNHCR  remained  a  major 
recipient of  indirect  food aid from  the  EEC  in  1990, with 64 900 
t  of cereals, 3500 t of  sugar, 5000 t  of vegetable oil  and 1140 t 
of  milkpowder, plus  ECU  2 million for  other  products (5438 t  of 
dried  beans were purchased).  This was an  increase over  1989 for 
all  products  bar  cereals, given  that  the  WFP  took  over  a  large 
part  of  the  aid  to  Ethiopia  in  this  product.  The  breakdown  of 
UNHCR aid  for  1990 is set out  In Annexe 8. 

The  bulk  of  the  UNHCR  aid  want  to  refugees  in  Ethiopia, Malawi 
and  Sudan.  The breakdown  was decided following a  meeting of  the 
Commission, the WFP and  the UNHCR. 

Although  the Commission  accepted  the agreement  between these  two 
organizations,  it  wanted  to  develop  their  coordination.  Since 
the UNHCR  was responsible for  managing camps and the situation of 
refugees  in  general,  it  and  the  WFP  had  to  have  a  consistent 
approach and their  programming had  to be completely transparent. 

(b)  I CRC 

The Committee's main work  is to provide  relief and  assistance for 
victims  in  parts of  the world  where fighting  is going on.  It  is 
particularly busy  in Sudan, Angola and Latin America. 

In  1990, the  Community  delivered  15 000 t  of  cereals, 1000  t  of 
vegetable oil  and 200 t  of sugar  and gave  ECU 1.5 million to  buy 
pulses.  The breakdown of this aid  is set out  in Annexe 9. 

(c)  Licross 

The 15 000 t  of cereals, 1340 t  of milkpowder, 1250 t  of  vegeta­
ble oil and 342 t  of sugar which Licross received  in 1990 enabled 
it  to continue  to work  through  national  Red  Cross and  Red  Cres­
cent  Societies on  food  aid  programmes for  the  neediest  sections 
of the  populations of these countries and to be quick  in contrib­
uting  to  recovery  programmes run  in  the event  of  natural  disas­
ters.  The  programme  benefited  14 countries  and,  in  particular, 
Ethiopia, with 5814 t of cereals (38% of all  cereals allocated to 
Licross), and  Sudan, with  4754 t  of  cereals (32%).  Details are 
given  in Annexe 10. 

- 22 -

The  Commission's  food  aid  contributed  to  a  variety  of  schemes, 
such as: 

a  programme  to  develop  rural  and  urban  communities  in 
Bo I  i V i a ; 
aid for  needy children  living  in  precarious conditions on the 
outskirts of towns  in  Uruguay; 
assistance for  nursing mothers, small children and old  people 
hit  by drought  in Morocco; 
aid  for  Sahel  regions hit  by  locusts, a shortage of  rainfall 
and pockets of flooding  in  Burkina Faso; 
etc. 

(d)  UNRWA 

With the  renewal of  the three-year  convention between the  EEC and 
UNRWA, this organization continued to get food  aid and  assistance 
in  cash.  The  Community  made  an  ECU  22  million  contribution  to 
the  health  and  education  programme  and  gave  ECU  3.4 million  in 
cash to cover  the costs of running the additional  food programme. 
It  also delivered about  ECU 15.3 million-worth of food  products -
5996 t  of cereals, 3868 t  of milkpowder, 1736 t  of  vegetable (39 
t  of  it  olive) oil, 2458 t  of sugar, 1840 t  of corned  beef, 845 t 
of  tomato  concentrate  and  161  t  of  beans.  The  geographical 
breakdown  in  is Annex  11. 

These  products  were  distributed  in  UNRWA's  various  food 
programmes  for  the  particularly  needy  and  for  training  centres 
and  in  the additional  food programme. 

(e)  UNBRO 

This  received  a  financial  contribution  of  ECU  5Z  million,  of 
which  ECU  2.4 million  went  on  beans  and  fish  to  distribute  to 
Cambodian refugees on the frontier between Thailand and Cambodia. 

The  WFP  organized  the  purchase  and  transport  of  these  products 
and  UNBRO took  care of distribution.  The remaining  ECU 2.6 mil­
lion  were  for  UNBRO  to  buy  fresh  vegetables  and  eggs  - a  new 
departure,  in  that  these products were only added  to the  list  in 
1990, making  for  considerably  more  flexibility  than  in  previous 
years  and  giving  the  refußoog  th«  nacftf¡f>ary  vat i 
t y  in  thnli 
diet. 

- 23 -

IV. 

EMERGENCY FOOD AID 

Two  things stand  out  in  emergency  food  aid  decision-making  in  1990 -
first of all, the events of August 1990, the  invasion of Kuwait marking 
the start  of  the  Gulf  crisis, and,  second,  the  persistent  drought  in 
the  Sahel  and  on  the  Horn of  Africa, already  heralding  a  Sub-Saharan 
food crisis as bad as  in 1984-1985 by  the second half  of 1990. 

Food aid decisions were already  being taken  at  the end of 1989 to help 
the  afflicted countries from  residual  reserves so as  to  be  in  a  posi­
tion to send quantities on top of the standard aid  as quickly as possi­
ble to ensure that  the necessary distribution could start. 

By January  1990, the Commission was already aware that  larger  decisions 
were going to have to be  taken for  the same countries. 

In  1990,  the  quantities which  the  EEC allocated  as emergency  food  aid 
totalled 76 900 t  of cereals, 1640 t  of milkpowder, 3164 t  of vegetable 
oil  and 480 t  of  butteroil, plus ECU 1.2 million for  other products. 

They  were  allocated  in  eight  lots  and  eight  countries  benefited.  The 
products,  distributed  free  of  charge,  were  channelled  indirectly 
through  NGOs  and  international  organizations,  and,  in  the  case  of 
Egypt,  Jordan  and  Peru, directly  through  the  Governments (see  Annexe 
12). 

4.1.  Ethiopia 

Emergency aid  to Ethiopia, which began  in  late 1989, continued through­
out  1990.  Towards  the  end  of  the  year, more  decisions - 25 000 t  of 
cereals and 1224 t  of vegetable oil - were taken to cope with the  dete­
riorating  situation  attendant  on  a  drought  comparable  to  the  one  in 
1984. 

4.2.  Sudan 

By  August  1990,it  was  clear  that  Sudan  was  heading  for  a  disastrous 
harvest.  But  it  was difficult to get  any decisions  implemented because 
the Sudanese authorities refused to see the situation as urgent. 

It  was  not  until  October-November  that  the  Government  ultimately  made 
an  international  appeal.  The  WFP  rerouted  a  vessel  to  get  help  to 
Sudan  without  delay,  but  administrative  setbacks  with  the  Government 
persisted and  the food  was not  distributed until  very  much  later, dur­
ing 1991. 

24 -

Much  of  the  aid  for  Sudan  also  came  from  the  NGO  standard  programme 
reserve,  so  supplies  could  be  brought  into  the  country  pending  the 
important  decisions of 1991. 

4.3.  Jordan and Egypt 

Rapid decisions were taken  for  Jordan and  Egypt during the Gulf  crisis, 

(a)  Jordan 

When Kuwait  was  invaded, a  large number  of workers, most of  them 
from  Egypt, the  Philippines, Bangladesh  and  Pakistan, fled  from 
Iraq and Kuwait. 

The Commission  therefore decided (27 August  1990) to grant  emer­
gency  food  aid of 9000 t  of cereals, 200 t  of milkpowder  and  500 
t  of  vegetable oil. 

A few days  later, a ship carrying milk  was rerouted to Jordan and 
local  delivery took  place on 22 September. 

The same  went  for  some of  the cereals, delivered  on 10 October. 
The  balance of  the cereals and  the  vegetable oil  were  delivered 
later  at  the request of  the Delegation. 

At  the same time, the Commission  recruited an expert  to supervise 
the operations on  the spot  for  three  months,  from  mid-September 
to mid-December.  His report said that 740 000 people had arrived 
in Jordan between the months of August  and October, staying for  a 
short time while waiting to go back to their own countries.  Jor­
danians (130 000) had also returned  in similar  conditions. 

The  Jordanian  Government  received  all  these  people  and  housed 
them  in  nine  camps,  where  they  were  given  adequate,  varied 
rat ions every day. 

Management  problems occurred,  however,  because  of  the  irregular 
arrival  and  rapid  turnover of  the evacuees, which  made  it  impos­
sible  to organize  the  serving  of  hot  meals  until  October, when 
numbers  had  dropped  and  people  were  staying  in  the  camps  for 
longer. 

Although  the  EEC  food  aid  arrived  particularly  quickly,  it  was 
still  used  to  pay  back  the  Jordanian  Government,  which  had 
released  various  products  from  its  own  stores,  so  as  to  start 
distribution at once, as soon as the decision was announced. 

- 25 -

The EEC response was right  for  the situation and  very much appre­
ciated, because  the  decision  was  taken  very  fast  and  at  a  time 
when arrivals  in Jordan were at their  peak. 

(b)  Egypt 

The  influx of  people  into Egypt  after  the  invasion of  Kuwait was 
such that, on 20 September, the Commission  decided  to send  emer­
gency  food  aid out  to Egypt  In  the form of  24 000 t  of cereals, 
1440 t  of milkpowder, 480 t  of  butteroil  and 1440 t  of  vegetable 
oil, plus ECU 1.2 million-worth of other products. 

This operation, like  the Jordanian one, went very  fast. 

A  ship  laden  with  direct  food  aid,  intended  to  be  sold,  was 
already  bound  for  Egypt  when  the  decision  was  taken.  A  swap 
operation was  therefore mooted  and  some of  the  aid  intended  for 
sale was distributed  free of  charge very  quickly  and  replaced  by 
the consignment of emergency aid  at  a  later  date. 

4.4.  Rwanda 

The drought  in  this country  led  to 2500 t  of cereals being allocated as 
an  emergency  contribution  to  the  WFP's  international  emergency  food 
reserve. 

This was purchased  locally, the WFP obtaining the cereals  in Uganda  and 
delivering them  by truck to Rwanda. 

This operation took  over  from  the WFP  scheme already  being  run  in  the 
area.  There was some delay, however, because, when  the WFP  decided  to 
make  the  Community  purchase,  the  military  invasion  from  the  Ugandan 
border  brought  the  operation  to  a  halt  with  and  it  only  got  going 
again  later. 

- 26 -

V. 

COMPLEMENTARY SCHEMES 

5.1.  Substitution schemes (Article 929) 

The  idea  here  is  to  provide support  for  recipient 
and  applying  food  strategies or  other  measures  to 
security  by  encouraging  them  to boost  their  degree 
in food. 

countries designing 
improve  their  food 
of self  sufficiency 

Schemes of this sort can be run to offer assistance to developing coun­
tries, at their  request, with all or  part of  the quantities of food aid 
a I  located to them. 

The  1990  programme  allocation  for  substitution  schemes  was  ECU  7.41 
million and  ECU 160 000 of  it  was used to clear  a payment  for  a previ­
ous substitution scheme for Tanzania. 

The amount was divided as follows. 

(a)  India 

The Community  financed  an  ECU  5 million substitution  scheme  f-or 
this country  in 1990. 

The  3500  t  of  butteroil  provided  for  the  1990  programme  were 
replaced  by  ECU 5 million intended  to  improve milk  marketing  via 
the  provision of  technical  assistance and  the  purchase of  mate­
rial  and equipment. 

* 

(b)  Mali 

The  European  Community  provided  ECU  2.25  million  under  Mali's 
cereal  market restructuring programme. 

The  idea  was  to  enable  the  Cereal  Board  to  both  continue  its 
reorganization and take on new duties, in  particular  in connexion 
with  managing  the  national  buffer  stock  to  ensure  supplies  to 
regions with  deficits.  The aid  was to reconstitute the  national 
buffer  stock, help  support  the  prices paid  to  the  producers and 
set  up  three  lines  of  credit  for  village  associations,  whole­
salers and sem i-who I esa lers. 

5.2.  Storage and early warning system  programmes (Article 9281) 

In  1990, the  budget  allocation  for  storage  and  early  warning  systems 
was  ECU 10  million  and,  in  contrast  with  1989,  virtually  all  of  it 
(ECU 9.44 mi I  lion) was used. 

- 27 -

5.2.1. 

Chad (ECU 1.4 mi 11 ion) 

A decision  for  ECU 1.4 million has  been taken for  the period 1990-1993 
to enable  the early  warning system used  by  AEDES, the  Belgian  NGO, to 
go on funct ioning. 

This system, which  enabled  the Community  to  react  in  good  time  to  the 
shortage heralded by the persistent drought,  is a computer  system which 
monitors  the  situation  regularly  and  supplies  the  Commission  with  a 
monthly bulletin assessing  the country's needs and abilities. 

5.2.2. 

Madagascar (ECU 1.8 million) 

Madagascar received ECU  1.8 million to  improve  its storage capacity and 
protect  it  when  imported supplies arrived  irregularly by  rehabilitating 
the warehouses at  the port of Toamasina and  the Kobama mill. 

The WFP  received $15 000 to enable  it  to finance  the rehabilitation of 
warehouses  involved  in a forestry  project. 

5.2.3. 

Mozambique (ECU 1.2 million) 

This was provided to back  up the  ECU 2.75 million storage scheme start­
ed  in  1989, since all  30 of  the 500 t  stores put  up  in  Mozambique had 
gone far  beyond the  proper amount. The stores chosen for this contribu­
tion  were  more solid  ones which  made  for  far  better  stock  management 
than was possible with the mobile ones originally planned. 

5.2.4. 

Ethiopia (ECU 2 million) 

An amount  was decided on here,  in  conjunction with  the food  aid scheme 
(50 000 t  of  cereals) for  the  Agricultural  Marketing  Corporation,  to 
rehabilitate  the silos  which  Addis Ababa  needed  to keep  prices stable 
between seasons. 

However, things gathered momentum  in  Ethiopia  in  1990 and 1991, to the 
point  where  the project  was out of  the question and  utilization of  the 
amount will  have to be reviewed. 

5.2.5. 

Other 

(a)  ICRC 

It  was decided to send two amounts, totalling ECU 102 000, to the 
ICRC for  two storage programmes in Sudan and  Jordan. 

- 28 -

(b)  NGOs (ECU 519 764) 

CR I AA, Deutsche  Welt  Hungerhilfe and  Concern  received  assistance 
for  storage  programmes  in  Mozambique (ECU  245  764  and  ECU  200 
000) and  in Sudan (ECU 74 000). 

(C)  WFP 

An ECU 332 236 decision was taken to meet emergency storage needs 
in  Liberia,  Guinea  and  Côte  d'Ivoire  (for  Liberian  refugees). 
The  money  was  used  to  buy  tents - which  turned  out  to  be  much 
more suitable for the refugees' transitional  situation. 

(d)  FAO 

ECU 830 000 was decided  for  an FA0 campaign to warn  people about 
the  larger  grain borer (LGB). 

The  idea of  the programme, which covered  Tanzania and  nine other 
countries  in  Southern  and  Eastern  Africa,  was  to  cut  storage 
losses  and  improve  the  marketing  of  cereals (and  particularly 
maize) by  Improving plant  health  in LGB-infested  regions. 

It  was also considered  a  priority  when  it  came  to  improving  the 
possibility of triangular operations  in  the region. 

3. 

Cofinancing (Article 9411) 

In  1990,  ECU  10  million  was  available  to  cofinance  the  purchase  of 
(essentially  local) food  products  and  seed  via  the  NGOs  and  interna­
tional organizations. 

ECU 8 768 296 were used  for  25 NGO schemes (worth ECU 8 187 405), one 
ICRC scheme (ECU 271 938) and four  UNHCR schemes (ECU 308 953). 

The main beneficiaries 
(7.3%). 

The remaining 30% went 

- Mozambique 
- Tha i  I and 
- Uganda 
- Pakistan 
- Alger ia 
- Phi I  ippines 
- I nd i a 

6 .2% 
3 .8% 
3 .1% 
2 .-% 
1 .5% 
1 .3% 
1 .-% 

here were Ethiopia (51%), Sudan (11%) and Angola 

- Ma I aw I 
- Rwanda 
- Guinea 
) 
- Côte d'I voi re) 
- Sierra Leone ) 
- Nicaragua 

4.4% 
3.4% 

3.-% 

1.-% 

- 29 -

VI.  MOBILIZATION 

6.1.  Mobilization 1990 

The table gives a comparison of rates of mobilization  in  1989 and 1990. 

1990 PROGRAMME 

1991 PROGRAMME 

PRODUCT 
PRODUCT 
PRODUCT 

MOBILIZATION RATE 

MOBILIZATION RATE 

QUANTITIES ALLOCATED 
QUANTITIES ALLOCATED 
(t) 
(t) 

31.12.1990 
% 

30.04.1991 
% 

31.12.1989 
% 

30.04.1990 
% 

Cereals 

1  360 000 

MlIkpowder 

ButteroiI 

Vegetable ol I 

Sugar 

71  100 

9 280 

50 000 

15 000 

54 

72 

28 

63 

82 

80.5 

82.4 

72.-

86.1 

100.-

53.2 

70.7 

45.4 

70.-

76.7 

89.3 

91.6 

96.5 

81.7 

86.7 

At  the  end  of  1989 and  1990,  the  rates of  mobilization  of  quantities 
allocated as food aid  were much the same, other than  for  butteroil  and, 
to  a  lesser  extent,  sugar.  Four  months  later,  the  situation  had 
reversed (see Annex 13). 

However,  a  poor  rate  of  mobilization  does  not  necessarily  point  to 
inefficiency  on  the  part  of  the  Commission  units  in  charge (in  this 
case DGVIII and  DGVI) or unsui tab i  I  i ty of  the  legal  texts governing EEC 
mobilization.  There are a number of  factors to be taken  into consider­
ation here. 

As  far  as  the  statistics  are  concerned,  "mobilization"  supposes  that 
DGVIII  has sent  a  request  for  an  invitation  to  tender  to DGVI  - which 
cannot  happen until  various formalities have been completed. 

First of  all, there  is  the formal  Commission decision whereby  an allo­
cation  is granted  to a  recipient and,  in 1990, a  large number of  these 
were taken very  late  In  the year. 

Then the beneficiary  is  told of the decision  in an official  letter  lay­
ing down  the conditions he has to meet  if  he accepts the food  aid.  Aid 
will  not  normally  be  mobilised  until  the  beneficiary  has  officially 
accepted the clauses  in  the official  letter - which he often takes some 
t ime to do. 

- 30 -

Lastly, when  the  beneficiary  has  responded  positively  to  the official 
letter, his global  food  aid  allocation  is  implemented  via  a  number  of 
one-off operations  which  cannot  be triggered  until  the beneficiary  has 
actually  applied  for  mobilization.  Here  too,  delay  is  common.  In 
1990,  for  example,  China,  virtually  an  exclusive  recipient  of 
butteroil, did not  put  in  its request  for  mobilization until  nearly the 
end of  the year, which is why mobilization was  late. 

6.1.1. 

Mobilization  in the EEC 

Delivery  dates tend  to be  adhered  to.  Under  regulation 2200/87, 3%  is 
an acceptable  loss for  bulk  products and 1% for  packaged products. 

If  these  figures  are  exceeded  or  suppliers  fail  to  respect  product 
specifications or  delivery  dates, penalties may  be applied  at  the  time 
of  payment.  A  failure  to  meet  delivery  terms  is  often  not  the  sup-
pi i er's fau 11. 

The 400 t  consignment of  milkpowder  to Sierra Leone  is a  sorry example 
of  this - 48 t  of  it  (12%) had  been  taken  before  the  recipients col­
lected  it  from the port  store. 

Incidents of  this sort  repercuss on the  insurance premiums  Included  in 
the  price of  the  tenders, so they  are an  increasingly  serious subject 
of concern. 

If  the suppliers fail  to accept  the penalties applied under  regulation 
2200/86, the dispute can be taken to  the European Court of  Justice. 

Two such cases occurred  in 1989, one to do with the Commission's appli­
cation  of  the  penalties  and  the  other  with  the  grounds  for  the  delay 
after  which  the  penalties  are  applied.  The  Court  of  Justice's  deci­
sions on these two matters still had  not appeared  in  the Official Jour­
nal  by  the end of 1990. 

Products mobilized  in  the Community  have  to meet  Community standards. 
Problems cropped up with  milkpowder  in  Latin America, for  example, and 
mobilization of  the 1989  programme for  Honduras was unable to  start  in 
1990,  because  all  products  from  the  EEC  were  refused  because of  foot 
and mouth  disease  in some  parts of the Community, despite the fact  that 
the milk complied  with all  the Community health  and hygiene standards. 

- 31 -

The 200 t  consignment of wheat  to Haiti  in  the 1989 programme could not 
be mobilized either.  After  lengthy negotiations about a  better quality 
product, the  day  before agreement  on  the  delivery  contract, the  final 
recipient repeated  his request, this time demanding that  the quality be 
in  line  with  the  standards  of  the  North  American  market.  The  1990 
programme has not  been mobilized for  the same reason. 

The key  words of  mobilization  are adaptability  and  flexibility on  the 
part  of  those concerned.  In  1990, for  example,  indirect  aid  committed 
and  already shipped  was diverted  to  a  different  destination where  the 
aid was more urgent.  Then there was the 10 000 t  consignment of  wheat 
for  UNHCR,  for  Sudanese  refugees  in  Ethiopia,  which  were  delivered 
under  a swap operation  to the  AMC  in  Ethiopia  in  exchange for  the dis­
tribution of 11  200 t  of maize to the same target group. 

Apart from  the  legal  disputes mentioned earlier, suppliers still act  in 
the spirit  of  regulation 2200/87.  The Commission's current  concern  is 
to encourage  the same discipline and  behaviour  among  the recipients of 
food aid. 

6.1.2. 

Triangular operations 

There  were  207  such  operations,  totalling  ECU  59 842  982 (transport 
costs included), which was about 48% up on 1989. 

Most of  them were run  by  NGOs and  international  organizations. 

The  tables  below  give  a  breakdown  by  organization  and  by  product  of 
triangular aid operations  in  the 1990 programme. 

(a)  Summary by  product and  by organization 

Purchasing organization 

Total 
tonnage 

Total  value 
(ECU) 

Number of 
schemes 

PAM 
UNHCR 
UNRWA 
EURONAID 
I CRC 
LICROSS 
ECC for organizations 
ECC 
Organizations for  ECC 

64 728 
8 077 
1  002 
49 959 
4 370 
1  752 
59 034 
79 068 
9 100 

13 608 589 
2 806 446 
368 768 
19 427 576 
1  750 565 
461 858 
11  559 876 
21  794 034 
3 190 927 

41 
8 
5 
56 
24 
2 
42 
27 
2 

TOTAL 

277 089 

74 968 641 

207 

- 32 -

(b)  Breakdown by product 

Product 

Quantities (t)  Total  value (ECU) 

Sugar 
Beans 
Lent i  I s 
Ol I 
Mi I  let 
Wh ite ma i ze 
Faffa 
Sorghum 
Dried fish 
Seeds 
R i ce 
Pu I ses 
Burghol  flour 
Ma i ze 
Salt 

3 150 
57 089 
13 149 
2 904 
15 987 
117 198 
1  500 
10 140 
965 
4 422 
35 524 
500 
1  002 
13 500 
60 

766 975 
23 674 016 
5 738 091 
2 700 864 
2 958 390 
22 077 618 
461  100 
3 991 318 
2 341 951 
680 304 
7 472 770 
21  990 
368 768 
1  508 300 
10 185 

TOTAL 

277 089 

74 968 641 

There were major changes ¡n  India's milk  production  in  1990.  The coun­
try  began  by  receiving milk  products as food  aid, but  then became self 
sufficient and even produced a surplus of milkpowder  for export. 

India's national  administration for 
Ambassador,  that  the  Commission 
milkpowder (VSMP) and  redistribute 
the sub-continent. 

dairy development  proposed, via  the 
buy  its  vitamin  enriched  skimmed 
it, as food  aid, to NGOs working on 

The quality and packaging of this VSMP met Community specifications and 
the  suggested  prices  were  comparable  to  Community  prices  and  it  was 
therefore  decided  to  buy  250  t  for  the  WFP  in  Nepal  and  485  t  for 
Licross in  India. 

The operation was a success and  it  is  to be  hoped  that such  things can 
cont i nue. 

Whenever  the opportunity  arises, food  aid  products are  purchased  in  a 
developing country  in  the same part of  the world as  the recipient coun­
try.  This is  not always possible, however, and  the food  is then bought 
in  a developing country  In  a different  region. 

- 33 -

The following  Illustrate the diversity of  triangular operations. 

- 10 000 t of sorghum purchased  in Thailand  for  food aid  in Chad.  This 
was because  the  product  was not  available  In  Europe and  there was a 
drought  in  the regions around Chad. 

- 1500 t of oil  sent from Malawi  to Peru.  Two invitations to tender  on 
the  European  market  yielded  prices which  were  too  high  and  the  pur­
chase was made ultimately through a  triangular operation.  There were 
no  tenders  from  the  same  region  as  Peru  and  Malawi  made  the  best 
offer. 

- 4294 t  of  white  beans  purchased  in  Argentina  for  Angola.  Argentina 
is  the only  country  to offer  white  beans,  the  most  popular  bean  in 
Angola and  the cheapest one on the market. 

6.2.  Monitoring 

The services  rendered  by  monitoring 
following  invitations  to  tender  In 
1987) have made a  major  contribution 
zat ion. 

companies  hired  by  the Commission 
the  Official  Journal  (since  May 
to the overall  success of mob ¡Μ­

Ι η 1990, two  new companies, PKB  Scania  and  Caleb Brett, were added  to 
the  list  of operators.  There are now  five altogether  and  no plans  to 
add more. 

Every  company  should  maintain  adequate  turnover  in  relation  to  the 
volume  of  investment  and  the  services  requested  by  the  Commission  -
which  reduced  the number  of services  it  paid  for  in  1990, with  a  view 
to  improving the monitors' rate of return. 

Further  initiatives are on the drawing  board (within the  invitation  to 
tendei  framework),  as  Is  better  collaboration  with  the  operatola  to 
bring the costs down for  all  concerned. 

-  34  -

VII.  EVALUATION 

Evaluations  have  been  run  in  accordance  with  Article  11  of  Council 
Regulation (EEC) 3972/86 of  22 December  1986. Those  completed  in  1990 
are as fol lows. 

1. 

Bangladesh 

The ultimate  aim of  evaluation  here  was  to  identify  and  confirm 
the  possibilities of  a  Community-Bangladesh multiannual  food  aid 
programme  which  was geared  more  to development  than  in  previous 
years. 

Th i s meant : 

evaluating  the Community's aid  programmes  in  Bangladesh over  the 
previous five years; 
making a strategic analysis of the  present and  future food situa­
tion  in  the country ; 
analyzing  the  views  and  prospects  of  the  other  main  food  aid 
donors,  with  reference  to  their  past  and  future  assistance  to 
Bang Iadesh; 
evaluating  the  role  and  importance  of  the  counterpart  funds 
accruing from Community food aid  in  the past and  the future; 
making a series of strategic recommendations and proposing possi­
ble alternatives for a multi-annual  programme as defined above. 

A  five-man  team  of  three  European (a  development  economist,  a 
nutritional  expert  and  a  rural  engineer) and  two Bangladeshi (a 
development  economist  and  an  agricultural  economist) consultants 
was set up to do this. 

Main conclusions and recommendations for  a  multiannual  programme 

(a) Despite a  large  increase  in  rice output, Bangladesh still  needed 
a great  deal  of  food  aid  because  half  the  population  had  virtu­
ally  no  purchasing  power.  Aid  in  cereals (wheat) was  therefore 
deemed  necessary  for  the next  five years (multiannual  programme) 
and  the suggested  tendency was to reduce aid  for  sales and  boost 
aid  for  free  distribution,  with  the  possibility  of  purchasing 
r ¡ ce  loca My. 

- 35 -

(b) The evaluation of Community food aid  in 1985-1989 showed that  its 
nutritional  impact  was greater  when  it  was  an  integral  part  of 
development  projects (food assisted  programmes) such as food  for 
work and  education and  training programmes and extra food  for  the 
most  vulnerable.  However,  the  shortage  of  financial  resources 
was such that  there were not enough of  these. 

(c) It  was  therefore  suggested  that  the  focus  be  on  helping  the 
project  rather  than  the sales and on  the combined  utilization of 
food aid and financial  aid  in schemes  involving such things as: 

road bui I d ing·, 
building  irrigation and water control  facilities; 
promoting activities to generate  Income for  the poorest  women 
and ch i  I dren. 

Follow-up of the evaluation 

Production  of  an  integrated  programme  for  presentation  to  the 
Member  States for  an opinion, with further  missions to go out  to 
Bangladesh. 

2. 

Ghana 

The  idea here was to  investigate the way food aid (milk products) 
granted to Ghana had  been used so as to define a  position on any 
future aid. 

A marketing expert  was invited to produce the study and 
invest igate: 
the  general  macro-economic  situation  and  the  conditions  of 
food supply; 
the Ghanaian people's milk and milk  product requirements; 
utilization of this aid and  the counterpart funds; 
the future supply and utilization of these products 

and  suggest  whether  aid should  be continued  or  stopped, for  how 
long and on what  terms. 

Conclusions and recommendations 

EEC food  aid was found  to have had a  positive effect  by creating 
outlets for farmers and stimulating the development of processing 
industries.  However,  the Government  of  Ghana  had  not  sought  to 
provide  alternatives  to  imports  by  giving  proper  support  to the 
local  dairy sector and, unless its policy changed, further Commu­
nity  aid  (milk  products) would  make  for  an  increase  in  import 
requirements and strong currency spending. 

- 36 -

Suggested approaches  in  the  long and short  term 

Given the situation  in Ghana's palm oil  sector and  the possi­
bility  of  replacing  butteroil  by  refined  palm  oil,  it  was 
thought  to  be  as  well  to  consider  stopping  deliveries  of 
buttero i  I . 
Deliveries of  milkpowder  should  not  be  continued  unless  the 
whole  approach  was changed.  Support  for  the  development  of 
the  local  dairy sector  should only  be  provided  if  the sector 
seemed economically viable. 

Preliminary  studies  were  suggested  with  a  view  to  determining 
this new approach. 

Fol low-up 

The Government was told of  the results of the study. Food  aid was 
not continued. 

3. 

Sierra Leone 

The Community  donated  1600 t  of  milkpowder, at  the rate  of 400 t 
p.a.,  to  Sierra  Leone  in  1986-1989.  In  December  1989,  in  the 
Food  Aid  Committee,  Member  States  wondered  about  the  point  of 
using milkpowder  as non-emergency food aid and  this concern, com­
bined with the  problems of using the milkpowder,  led  to the deci­
sion  to  assess  the effects  and  consequences of  milkpowder  dona­
tions to this country. 

The consultant  who went  out  to make  the evaluation  investigated 
the  global  impact  of  the  donations  to  see  how  efficient  the 
programme  was (milkpowder allocation  arrangements, unloading  and 
transfer  from  the  port  to  the central  stores, transport  to  dis­
tribution centres, milkpowder distribution and utilization by  the 
recipients) and  to  look  at  the nutritional  and social  conditions, 
the effects on  the  local  organizations, the  economic aspects  and 
the viability of  the programme. 

Main conclusions 

The  aims  which  the  Sierra  Leone  authorities  set  out  in  their 
application for  food  aid  from  the Community - meeting  the nutri­
tional  needs of  the  vulnerable sections  of  the  population, cut­
ting  infant  mortality, given  the marginal  impact  of  the  aid  and 
reducing  dependence on  imported  products - were  not  reached  in 
1987 or 1988. 

Some specific conclusions 

Less  than  40% of  the  milkpowder (160 t) was  in  fact  des­
tined for  the vulnerable sections of the populations. 

- 37 -

A  substantial  percentage of  the milkpowder  delivered  to dis­
tribution centres was offered to the authorities or sold. 
A  large  part  of  the  above  160 t  of  milkpowder  was allocated 
in  the  form  of  dry  rations - a  health  risk  bearing  in  mind 
the probable connection with  infantile diarrhoea. 
A very small  quantity was consumed on the spot  in  the form of 
reconst i tuted milk. 
The  plentiful  supply  of  milkpowder  on  free  sale  restricted 
the  market  for  Bennimix  and  in  fact  interfered  with  the 
development  of  a  nutritionally  adequate  food  for  weaned 
babies which  was made  locally  and  intended  for  the most  vul­
nerable. 

Main recommendations 

These  conclusions  were  the grounds  for  a  recommendation  to stop 
food  aid  in  the  form  of  milkpowder  for  distribution  to  schools 
and  food  for  work  programmes.  Quantities  of  food  aid  could  be 
distributed,  but  solely  at  mother  and  child  welfare  centres  -
which meant  reorganizing the  whole programme. 

FoI Iow-up 

Direct  food  aid  was stopped  and  the only  operations  to continue 
were properly targeted NGO schemes. 

4. 

Bo I  i ν i a 

The Community  responded  to requests  from  the Bolivian  Government 
by  supplying  food  aid  every  year  from  1986  to  1989.  This  was 
about  13 000 t  of cereal  equivalent, 1000 t  of  milkpowder, 200 t 
of  butteroil, 500 t  of  vegetable oil  and 2000  t  of  pulses and  it 
was sent for  free distribution  to OFINAAL, the  national  food aid 
board, while  additional  quantities went  to  the  WFP, Caritas  and 
L¡cross. 

It  was  decided  to  determine  how  much  aid  to  provide  in  1990  by 
sending out  an expert  to assess  the  food  situation on  the spot, 
in  the context of  the country's economic development, and to  look 
at  the  work  and  workings  of  the  organizations  and  agencies 
responsible for  receiving and distributing  the aid. 

Main conclusions 

In an economically difficult environment (with acute unemployment 
in  mining,  increasing  poverty, drought,  people  moving  away  from 
the  country  and  into  the  towns  and  over-1 i  bera I  i zat ion  of  the 
economy), food aid came  in for criticism  in  Bolivia because: 

- 38 -

the  large  quantities of  cereals  and  milkpowder  entering  the 
country were seen as a brake on any  increase  in  local  produc­
tion ; 
there was a  great  lack  of  planning  and coordination  in  using 
the food aid; 
fraud  was  common,  with  food  aid  being  used  for  non-
humanitarian purposes and  things which had  nothing to do with 
development. 

However,  all  was  well  on  the  distribution  front  thanks  to  the 
"mothers' clubs"  and  their  departmental  federations and  national 
confederation.  These  clubs  not  only  distributed  food  aid  (for 
payment  of  a  percentage), but  also  had  the  undeniable advantage 
of  pursuing  development  aims,  in  particular  by  encouraging  the 
female  population  to  unite  to  improve  its  economic  and  social 
status through a whole range of activities. 

Main recommendations 

Continue  Community  food  aid  to  OFINAAL, by  delivering  those 
products that would  in any  case be  imported  but stop deliver­
ing  lentils, which were  ill-suited to some regions, and halve 
the butteroi I. 
Continue food aid  to the WFP on  the same terms. 
Send 60% more  food  aid  through  Licross, provided  it  informed 
OFINAAL of  its plan of  distribution. 
Provide OFINAAL  with  technical  and  administrative assistance 
for  a two-year  period  to  improve the coordination of food  aid 
and  integrate  food  aid  into  agricultural  production  via 
support  for  local  production.  It  was  thought  to  be  wise  to 
sell  some  quantities  of  products,  so  as  to  buy  local 
products. 

Fol low-up 

The recommendations were put  into practice. 

5. 

Nicaragua 

The evaluation  mission went  to  Nicaragua  to evaluate  the Commu­
nity  food  aid  distributed  via  the  NGOs  working  in  the  country 
(1Q88 and  1989 programmos). 

Main conclusions 

Most  Community aid  in  the 1988 
of the vital  emergency aid sent 
1988) a  natural  disaster  which 
distribution plans for  that yea 

programme was  distributed as part 
out after  Hurricane Joan (October 
considerably  altered  the  initial 
"'s food aid programme. The goods, 

- 39 -

which arrived shortly after  the 
the Commission's agreement,  to 
the coordinator of  the national 
following the disaster. 

hurricane, were distributed, with 
the  victims.  The  INSSBI  acted  as 
emergency committee  in  the months 

The  aid  programme  for  1989  was  geared  to  social  assistance, 
development  projects  and  schemes  to  repatriate  or  assist  dis­
placed persons. 

The  distribution  of  the  food  aid  went  off  well  overall  and  the 
aims set out  in  the food aid application forms were achieved. 

Among the  Nicaraguan NGOs,  it  was Cepad and  the ADP which managed 
the best  integrated development. 

However, there  were one or  two  problems  when  it  came  to getting 
the products accepted  locally. 

Recommendat ions 

Stop  sending  butteroil  and  milkpowder  unless  Nicaragua  was 
unrestricted  in  its  acceptance  of  products  coming  from  the 
Commun i ty. 
Send  maize  instead  of  sorghum  to  avoid  the  possibility  of 
sorghum being  used  to feed animals. 
Improve  information  circulating  between  the  European  NGOs, 
Euronaid and  the Nicaraguan NGOs. 

Fol low-up 

These recommendations were put  into practice. 

- 40 -

VIII. CONCLUSIONS 

1. 

Community  food aid  was maintained  in  1990 at  the same  levels  in 
quantity  terms  as  that  of  1989.  In  value  terms  however  it 
showed  a  decrease  due  to  price  fluctuation  of  the  products on 
the worId market. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

We  can  see  therefore  that  the  very  substantial  food  aid 
quantities  granted  to  Eastern  Europe  did  not  hamper  the  EC 
programmes towards developing countries. 

The Council  decisions concerning  food  aid  policies allowed  the 
Commission  to  initiate  detailed  discussions  with  recipient 
Governments  to  improve  food  aid  management  and  integrate  this 
into  development.  To  this  effect,  sovoral  evaluations  wore 
carried  out  and  led  either  to  the  discontinuation of  food  aid 
found  to  be  inconsistent  with  the  principles  established (e.g. 
Sierra  Leone,  Ghana)  or  to  continue  the  work  on  better 
integrated  programmes (Bangladesh). 

The  experience  proved  however  that  the  finalisation  of  such 
programmes are time and energy consuming and  can only be  carried 
out  in  limited numbers during a given year. 

and  non-governmental 
international 
The  cooperation  with 
organisations was  intensified  and  the Commission  increased  in  a 
significant  way  its  formal  as  well  as  informal  contacts  with 
WFP,  UNHCR  and  EURONAID.  It  followed  more  closely,  thanks  to 
increased  man-power, the  management  and  follow up of  the opera­
tions undertaken  by  these organisations and  it  played  a  greater 
role  in  their decision-making process. 

The Commission also  followed  more closely  the  food  aid  deliver­
ies  by  way  of  the  monitoring  system  set  up  in  1987/88.  Follow 
up was also achieved  through  a  greater  number of  field  missions 
and  by  the  recruitment  of  food  aid  experts  for  longer  term-
assignments  (few  months  in  Jordan,  1  year  Ethiopia,  Angola, 
Sudan) in  countries at risk. 

5. 

Despite  some  difficulties  regarding  the  availability  of 
resources  to  transport  food  aid,  1990  was  a  year  when  much 
reflection  and  initiatives  took  place.  These  will  form  the 
basis  of  aid  which  is  more  imaginative,  flexible  and  better 
programmed. 

- <-M -

ANNEXE  1/ 1 

POLITIQUE DE L'AIDE ALIMENTAIRE - CONCLUSIONS DU CONSEIL 

1. Lors de sa session du 21 novembre 1989, le Conseil  a adopté une résolu­
tion  globale sur  la  politique  de  l'aide  alimentaire, dans  laquelle  II 

demande que la  réflexion soit poursuivie sur trois thèmes, l'intégration 

de  l'aide alimentaire dans d'autres formes d'aide au développement,  les 

critères et conditions précis applicables aux programmes pluriannuels et 

la  nature de  l'appréciation  d'ensemble  du  programme  d'aide  alimentaire 
annuel de  l'année précédente. 

2. Des discussions, limitées à ces trois questions, ont eu  lieu sur  la  base 

d'informations  fournies  par  la  Commission  et  les  Etats  membres ;  le 
Conseil en tire  les conclusions c i-après : 

A. Intégration  de  l'aide  alimentaire  dans  d'autres  formes  d'aide  au 

développement 

Comme  l'indique  l'article 2 du règlement cadre,  l'aide alimentaire  a 

un  rôle  et  des objectifs  spécifiques  visant  au  renforcement  de  la 

sécurité  alimentaire.  Son  intégration  dans  d'autres  instruments  de 

développement  et  dans  les  efforts  de  développement  du  pays  bénéfi­

ciaire  peut  contribuer  pour  une  large  part  à  la  réalisation  de  ces 

objectifs. Cette  intégration  peut  être  réalisée, depuis  le  stade de 
la  programmation jusqu'à celui  de  l'exécution, 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - 6) 

- S ·*. -

ANNEXE  1/ 2 

par  la  prise  en  compte,  lors  de  la  programmation et  de  la  mise  en 

oeuvre  de  l'aide  communautaire, des  besoins  alimentaires  des  béné­

ficiaires  et  du  rôle  que  l'aide  de  la  Communauté  peut  jouer  à  cet 

égard,  afin  que  l'aide  alimentaire  et  les  autres  instruments  de 

développement  soient  utilisés  de  manière  coordonnée  pour  optimiser 

leur  impact  sur  la  sécurité  alimentaire.  Dans  ce  contexte,  la 

Commission pourrait, à  titre expérimental  et de concert  avec  le  pays 

bénéficiaire concerné, 

- élaborer et  mettre en oeuvre, à  l'échelon national, des program­

mes  totalement  intégrés  d'aide  communautaire  au  développement 

dans quelques pays  qui  présentent  un déficit  alimentaire (récur­

rent)  et  reçoivent  régulièrement  de  la  Communauté  une  aide 

alimentaire importante et une aide financière, 

- surveiller  de près  l'efficacité  de cette  approche  intégrée  dans 

les pays en question, 

- présenter  en temps utile au Conseil  un rapport sur  les résultats 

de cette expér ience ; 

- par  des actions  comprenant  à  la  fois une  aide alimentaire  et  une 

aide  financière et  technique, telles  que  la  Commission  en  a  déjà 

lancé.  Dans  ce  cas,  il  devrait  y  avoir  une  coordination  étroite 

aux  stades de  la  programmation, de  la  mise en  oeuvre, du suivi  et 

de  l'évaluation.  A  cet  égard,  le  Conseil  invite  la  Commission  à 

rechercher  des  moyens  pour  améliorer  la  coordination  entre  les 

différents  comités  lorsque  ceux-ci  examinent  des  propositions 

d'aide  alimentaire  et  d'aide  financière  ayant  des  liens  entre 

elles  -, 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - G) 

ANNEXE  1/ 3 

- par  une  utilisation  de  l'aide  alimentaire  intégrant  d'autres 
instruments,  afin  d'améliorer  la  sécurité  alimentaire  de  groupes 

vulnérables, soigneusement déterminés notamment par  la  distribution 
gratuite  ou  subventionnée  d'aide  alimentaire,  par  des  projets 
"vivres  contre  travail"  ou  des  projets  nutritionneIs  ou  d'action 
sociale.  Le cas échéant, des aliments achetés sur  place devraient 
être utilisés pour de telles actions ; 

- par  l'utilisation  de  l'aide  alimentaire  dans  des  projets  ou  pro­

grammes bénéficiant  d'autres types d'aide  de  la  Communauté ou  des 
Etats membres. 

En passant  en revue  les possibilités d'intégrer  l'aide alimentaire à 
d'autres formes d'aide au développement, le Conseil  note que l'ut ili-

sation  de  fonds  de  contrepartie  mérite  plus  ample  réflexion.  Il 

souhaite  que  l'utilisation  de  tels  fonds,  quelle  que  soit  leur 
origine, fasse l'objet d'un  large débat. 

En vue d'améliorer  la  coordination de  l'aide alimentaire et  d'autres 

formes d'aide communautaire au développement, des réunions conjointes 

des groupes de travail  du Conseil chargés de  l'aide alimentaire et de 

la coopération au développement devraient être organisées chaque fois 
que cela paraît  approprié. 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - G) 

ANNEXE  1/ 4 

Β. Programmes pluriannuels 

Le  Conseil  rappelle  que  la  Communauté  donne  la  priorité  aux 

situations d'urgence  et  que  l'on  ne devrait  recourir  aux  programmes 

pluriannuels  que  lorsqu'il  peut  être  clairement  établi  que  cela 

permettra  d'accroître  l'efficacité  globale  de  l'aide  alimentaire 

octroyée.  Il  souligne  qu'il  faut  veiller  à  ce  que  la  proportion 

totale  du  programme  d'aide  alimentaire  affectée  aux  programmes 

pluriannuels  n'atteigne  pas  un  niveau  tel  que  la  capacité  de  la 

Communauté  à  réagir  face  à  ces situations ou  à  répondre  à  d'autres 

demandes prioritaires puisse s'en trouver réduite. 

Le Conseil  reconnaît  que  les  programmes  pluriannuels  d'aide  alimen­

taire  prévus  dans  le  règlement-cadre  peuvent  améliorer  l'ordre  de 

l'aide  alimentaire  en  tant  qu'instrument  de  développement  et 

faciliter son intégration dans d'autres instruments de développement. 

Les programmes pluriannuels garantissent  la  continuité sur  un nombre 

d'années convenu de  l'aide alimentaire et, lorsque l'aide alimentaire 
est vendue, des fonds de contrepartie destinés à soutenir un objectif 

de  sécurité  alimentaire  déterminé.  Les  programmes  pluriannuels 

devraient  également  permettre  d'améliorer  la  mise  en  oeuvre  des 

actions  triangulaires  par  une  planification  de  celles-ci,  ce  qui 

augmenterait  leur  impact et  leur efficacité. 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - G) 

ANNEXE  1/ 5 

Les  critères  essentiels  pour  l'adoption  d'un  programme  pluriannuel 

d'aide alimentaire sont  l'existence, dans le pays bénéficiaire, 

- d'un déficit alimentaire structurel au niveau national  ; cependant, 

dans  des  circonstances  exceptionnelles,  lorsqu'un  déficit  local 

grave à  long  terme a été clairement  identifié,  la  possiblité d'une 

action d'aide alimentaire pluriannuelle pourrait être envisagée; 

- d'une politique alimentaire viable (en ce qui  concern, par exemple, 

l'équilibre entre importations et production  locale ou la  politique 
des pr ix) ; 

- d'un  projet  ou d'un  programme  qui  a  fait  l'objet  d'une  identifi­

cation et  d'une appréciation et  dans  lequel  l'aide alimentaire est 

considérée comme un élément essentiel. 

Les  programmes  pluriannuels  devraient  également  être  soumis  aux 
conditions suivantes : 

- éléments, confirmés  par  l'appréciation,  montrant  que  le  programme 

en question ne sera  pas préjudiciable à  la  production alimentaire 
locale ; 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - G) 

ANNEXE  1/ 6 

- programmation  flexible,  permettant  de  modifier  la  gamme  ou  la 

quantité de produits, ou de recourir à des mesures de substitution, 

pour  le  cas où de tels  changements répondraient  à  l'évolution des 

objectifs de sécurité alimentaire ; 

-évaluation  détaillée  à  mi-parcours,  avec  possibilité  d'infléchir 

les orientations  initiales du  programme ou du  projet  comme  il  est 

indiqué c i-dessus. 

C. Appréciation  d'ensemble  du  programme  d'aide  alimentaire  annuel  de 

l'année précédente 

Afin de prendre plus facilement  ses décisions en matière de  program­

mation, le Conseil  demande à  la Commission de présenter, peu après la 

fin  de  chaque  année,  un  aperçu  statistique  d'ensemble  concernant 

l'année précédente.  Cet  aperçu devrait  indiquer  le stade de mise en 

oeuvre de chaque décision  prise et  être accompagné d'un  bref commen­

taire donnant une vue d'ensemble du programme annuel et  précisant  les 

problèmes et événements exceptionnels éventuellement survenus l'année 

précédente. 

* 

*  * 

Le Conseil  note qu'il  a été suggéré que  l'aide alimentaire de  la  Commu­

nauté  soit  programmée  en  chiffrant  sa  valeur  au  lieu  d'en  fixer  le 

volume comme c'est  le cas Jusqu'ici.  M demande au Comité des Représen­

tants  Permanents  d'étudier  les  implications  d'un  tel  changement  et  de 

lui  exposer ses conclusions, lors d'une prochaine session. 

6618/90 (Presse 75 - G) 

. 

I  |\J1  L-

ΛΛ  ι  rvc  - ^  en  ΜΙ υ CXJO ι 

A'  Ñ ' N-  E  Χ  E..' I 

10-Jar,-9 

BLD3ET  1990 

ί  9200 

9202  I  9210 

92* 1 

I  9220  I  9230 

ALLOCATION  INITIALE 

a 

123.2 

58.9 

129.8 

I  -RESERVE NEGATIVE. 

I  -VIREMENTS 

I 

0.0 

0.0 

-2.8 
-11.6 

-6.8 
-18.8 
-16.2 

CREDI TS 

d-a-b+c 

123.2 

44.5 

88.0 

I 

I  5.4  I  36.7 

I 

1 .4 
1 
I  -1.0 

I  0.0  I  0.0 
I 
I 
I  -1.7 
I  -5.4 
I 
1 .6 
I 
I 
I 

I  5.8  I  31.2 

I  5.5 
I  0.6 

I 
I  31.2 
I  0.8 
I 

-CCN9CMy^TICN  DE  CREDITS 

e 

-dont  programmes  antérieurs 

I 
I 
I 
I 
I  -ENGAGEE MAI S PAS ΟΟνΡ""Α3 IL I SE. .g 

-DISPCNIBLE 

f-d-e 

-CR I  ENTATICNS A DECIDER . 
(y ccrrpris prog. ante-'ieurs) 
-RESERVE 

h 

i 

103.6 
2.6 

44.5 
0.4 

s 

88.0 
1.3 

19.6 

0.0 

0.0 

I  0.3  I  0.0 

I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

I  BALANCE 

j^f-g-h-i+b 

19.6 

0.0 

0.0 

I  0.3  I  0.0 

TYPE DE CREDI T 

TYPE DE DEPENSE 

CD 

DO 

CD 

CD 

DNO 

DNO 

ICD 

IDNO 

I 
I 
I 
ICD 
I 

IDNO 
I 
I 
I 

Source:  SINOOvi  /  VI I  I  /D 

I  9240 
I 
I  62.2 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
1-19.7 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  42.5 
I 
I  42.5 
I  3.0 

I  9250 
I 
I  75.0 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I  41.5 
I  32.5 
I  35.4 
I 
I 
I 
I 184.4 
I 
I  184.4 
I  58.8 

I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 

I 
I 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
ICD 
I 

IDNO 
I 
I 
I 

I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
ICD 
I 

IDNO · 
I 
I 
I 

I  9260 
I 
I  3.4 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  3.4 
I 
I  3.4 
I 
I 

I  0.0 
I 

I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
I OD 
I 
IDNO 
I 
I 
I 

I  9270 
1 
1 
1  6.5 
1 
1  0.0 
1 
1 
1  0.7 
1  -0.9 
1 
1 
1 
1 
1  6.3 
1 
1  5.7 
1  0.9 
1 

1  9281 
I 
I  10.0 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  10.0 
I 
I  9.9 
I 
I 
I 
1  0.6 
I  •  0. 1 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1 
I 
1  0.6  I  0.1 
I 
I 
I 
ICD 
! 
IDNO 
I 
I 
I 

1 
1 
IOD 
1 
IDNO 
1 
1 
1 

I  9290 
I 
I  10.0 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I  -2.6 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  7.4 
I 
I  7.4 
I  0.2 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I  0.0 
I 
I 
I 
IOD 
I 
IDNO 
I 
I 
I 

I TOTAL 

I 

I  559.9  ; 

I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

0.0  I 
I 
I 
I 
! 
0.0  ! 

! 
I 
I 
ι 
I  559.9  I 
I 
ι 
I  539.4  I 
I 
68.6  I 
I 
I 
20.4  I 
I 
I 
I 
o.o  ι 
ι 
I 
I 

0.0  i 

ι 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

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20.4  ! 
! 
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ru 

PROGRAMME  AIDE  ALIMENTAIRE  1990 

-  SITUATION  DES  ALLOCATIONS  AU 

31  MAI  1991 

SUBDIVISION  EN  AIDE  NORMALE,  AI2E  D'URGENCE,  SUBSTITUTION,  STOCKAGE  ,ART.  951 

FASUM 

DT  04.06.91 

PRODUIT 

CEREALES 

LAIT  ES  POUDRE 

BUTTEROIL 

HUILE  VEGETALE 

SUCRE 

AUTRES 

SUBSTITUTION  : 

STOCKAGE 

ART.  951 

(TONNES) 

(TCS'NES) 

(TONNES) 

(TONNES) 

(TONNES) 

(MECUS) 

(MECUS) 

: 

(MECUS) 

(MECUS) 

ALLOCATIONS 
ALLOCATIONS 

1 ,360,000 

71 .* 00 

9,280 

50,000 

15,000 
15,000 

39.455 
39.455 

7.41 
7.41 

: 
: 

10.00 

10.00 

SUBDIVISE  EN: 
SUBDIVISE  EN: 

I

1

- AIDE  NORMALE 
- AIDE  NORMALE 

1 ,262,867 

)
O

D
C

)
O

O

8,800 

46,836 

15,000 
15,000 

38.235 
38.235 

7.41 
7.41 

: 
: 

10.00 

10.00 

- URGENCES 
- URGENCES 

97,133 

Ο
Γ

>
U

w
i

O

480 

3,164 

0 
0 

1 .220 
1 .220 

1

t

1

1

1

1

1

QUANTITES 
QUANTITES 
TOTALES  PREVUS 
TOTALES  PREVUS 
AU  PROGRAMME 
AU  PROGRAMME 

1 ,360,000 
1 ,360,000 

71,'00 
71,'00 

9,280 

50,000 

15,000  :  39.455  : 

7.41 

: 

10.00 

10.00 

SOLDE 
SOLDE 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0  :  0.000  : 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Aide AlImentoi re —Or i entât ione/Allocoti one 1990 

SITUATION FIKALE AU 3 t.12.90 

-Ί3 

ANNEXE  3  / 

PROOUIT/ 

• CEREALES 

REGION 

• ORIENT. 
«  ' 1990 

• LAIT EN POUORE 
• 
• ORIENT. 

ALLOC. 

ALLOC.  • ORIENT.  ALLOC.  • ORIENT.  ALLOC.  • ORIENT. 

1990 

• 1990 

1990 

«  1990 

1990 

«  1990 

1990  • 1990 

ALLOC.  • ORIENT.  ALLOC.  • 
1990  • 
1990  • 1990 

• BUTTEROIL 

• HUILE VEGETALE  • SUCRE 

• AUTRES 

4 

AIOE DIRECTE  *  756.871 

756.971  •  21,817 

21.817 

4.800 

4.800  • 21.350 

21.350  •  1.000 

1.000  •  4.23 

SAHEL 

•  52.000 

52.000  • 

0 

0  • 

0 

0  •  800 

800  • 

0 

0  •  0.00 

« 
••Cop Vert 
Burk i rxj Foeo  « 

12.000 

Uol i 

Uaur1 ton I« 

Niger 

Senegat 

Tchod 

• 1 KU bet. 
* 
15.000 
•  15.000 
* 
« 

10.000 

12.000  « 
• 
• 
15.000  • 
15.000  • 
« 
10.000  • 

• 
* 
« 
• 
« 
• 
• 

•  800 
« 
• 
• 
• 
« 
• 

800  * 
• 
• 
« 
• 

• 

• 

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 

4.225  • 

0.000  • 

• 
' 

• 

• 
• 

• 
• 
« 
• 

AFR. OCCIO.  • 

0 

0  • 

0 

0 • 

0 

0  « 

0 

0  • 

0 

0 •  0.00 

0.000  • 

« 
Chano 
Cuir»«« Con  • 
Cuinee Bis.  • 
Sierra Leon«  • 

• p.m. 
• 
• 

• p.m. 

• p.m. 
• 
« 
• 

• 
• 
• 
• 

• 
« 
• 
• 

• 
* 
« 
• 

• 
• 
• 

' 

AFR. CEKTR.  e 

17.480 

17.480  • 

0 

0  « 

0 

0  « 

0 

0 • 

0 

0  *  0.15 

0.150  • 

Soo Tome 

Zaire 

•  2,460 
•  15.000 

2,480  • 
15.000  • 

• 

• 

• 
« 

• 
• 

•  0.15 
« 

0.150  • 
* 

AFR. ORIENT  •  15.000 

15,000  * 

0 

0  « 

0 

0  • 

0 

0  • 

0 

0  •  0.00 

0.000  • 

Burundi 

Ouganda 

••Kenya 

Tanzanie 

Zarble 

• 
• 
•  15.000 
« 
# 

• 
• 
15.000  « 
• 
• 

• 
* 
• 
« 
• 

• 
• 
• 
« 
« 

« 
« 
* 
• 
• 

• p.m. 
• 
* 
« 
• 

* 
• 
• 
• 
« 

CORNE DE L'A  « 

90.000 

90.000  • 

0 

0  • 

0 

0  •  1,100 

1,100  • 

0 

0  •  0.00 

0.000  • 

DjIboutl 

Ethiopie 

Somal le 

Soudan 

* 
5.000 
•  50.000 
•  15.000 
•  20,000 

5.000  « 
50,000  • 
15,000  • 
20.000  • 

• 
• 
* 
• 

•  100 

• 

•  1,000 
• 

100  « 
• 
1.000  * 
• 

• 
* 
• 
• 

AFR. AUSTR.  •  146.000 

148,000  •  1,850 

1.850  « 

600 

600  •  3.000 

3,000  • 

0 

0  •  3.00 

Angola 

Botswana 

• 
• 
•  8,000 
Lesotho 
Mozart» i que  •  140.000 

• 
• 

8,000  • 

• 

• 
• 

• 
« 
• 

140.000  •  1.850 

1.850  •  600 

600  •  3,000 

• 

• 
• 
3.000  • 

• 

• 

• 

•  3.00 

3.000 

• 
• 
• 
• 

3.000  • 

• 
• 
• 

OC. IND. PAC  •  17.000 

17.000  * 

100 

100  • 

0 

0  • 

100 

100  • 

0 

0  «  o oo 

0 <xx) 

Uodogoecar  •  15,000 

15,000  • 

Comores 

« 

2.000 

2.000  • 

100 

« 
100  • 

* 

100 

• 
100  « 

• 
• 

-  JÏO - 

ANNEXE  3  /  3 

PROOUIT/ 
PROOUIT/ 

CEREALES 

LAIT EN  POUORE 

BUTTEROIL 

HUILE  VEGETALE 

SUCRE 

AUTRES 

REGION 
REGION 

ORIENT. 

ALLOC. 

ORIENT. 

ALLOC. 

ORIENT. 

ALI OC. 

ORIENT. 

ALLOC. 

ORIENT. 

ALLOC. 

ORIENT. 

ALLOC.  « 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990  • 

CARAÏBES 

240 

240 

140 

140 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000  · 

Cranod« 

Guyon« 

240 

240 

140 

140 

MEDITERRANEE 

160.000 

160.000 

3. COO 

3,000 

0 

0 

8.000 

8.000 

0 

0 

0.00 

0.000  • 

Egypt« 

Libón 

Tunisi· 

160.000 

160.000 

8,000 

8.000 

3.000 

3.000 

AMERIQUE  LAT 

77.251 

77,251 

5.927 

5,927 

600 

600 

6,150 

6.150 

1,000 

1,000 

1.08 

1.075  « 

Bol ivi· 

Haiti 

Hooduros 

15.000 

15,000 

1,000 

1,000 

p.m. 

1,000 

1.000 

1.00 

1.000  · 

20.000 

20,000 

1.000 

1,000 

1.000 

1.000 

5.000 

5.000 

1,247 

1,247 

Nicorogua 

20.000 

20.000 

2.000 

2.000 

600 

600 

2.500 

2.500 

P«rou 

Equot«ur 

15.000 

15.000 

1.500 

1.500 

2.251 

2.251 

180 

180 

1.500 

1.500 

150 

150 

0.08 

0.075  · 

ASIE 

160,000 

180.000 

10.800 

10,800 

3.600 

3.600 

2,200 

2,200 

0 

0 

0.00 

0.000  • 

Banglodftth 

150,000 

150,000 

2.200 

2,200 

•«Chln« 

Ind« 

Pakistan 

Sri  Lanka 

A IOC  IWJIRECTt 

30.000 

30.000 

10.800 

10.800 

3,600 

3,600 

subst 

p.m. 

INDIRECTE 

505,896 

505.896 

46.343 

46.343 

4,000 

4.000 

25.486 

25.486 

14.000 

14,000 

34.01 

34.010  • 

f Anjf fco 

80.000 

80,000 

2.500 

2.500 

3.000 

3,000 

5.000 

5,000 

4.00 

4.000  * 

U.N.H.C.R 

64.900 

64,900 

1,140 

1,140 

3.000 

5.000 

3,500 

3,500 

2.00 

O.N.G. 

C.l.C.R 

175.000 

175,000 

20,OCO 

20,000 

8.000 

8.000 

2,500 

2,500 

12.540 

15.000 

15.000 

1.000 

1.000 

200 

200 

1.50 

2.000  · 

12.540  · 

1.500  · 

P.A.U.  (NORM) 

100.000 

100,000 

20.000 

20.000 

1.500 

1.500 

4.500 

4,500 

50,000 

1.000 

1.000 

0.50 

0.500  * 

0 

2.00 

2.000  · 

P.A.M.  (RAIU) 

LICROSS 

U.N.R.W.A 

UNBRO 

50,000 

15.000 

5.996 

15.000 

1,340 

1.340 

1.250 

1,250 

342 

342 

5,996 

3,863 

3,863 

1.736 

1,736 

2.458 

2,458 

5.65 

5.650  · 

5.82 

5.820  * 

SOUS-TOTAL 

1.262.867 

1.262.867 

68,160  • 68.160 

8.800  · 8.800 

46,836 

46,836 

15,000 

15,000 

38.235  • 38.235  · 

URCØCES 

76,900 

76.900 

2.940  •  2.940 

480  ·  480 

3.164 

3.164 

0 

0 

1.770  *  1.270  · 

TOTAL 

1,339.767 

1,339,767 

71,100  • 71.100 

9.280  •  9.280 

50.000 

50,000 

15.000 

15.000 

39.455  •  39.455  • 

QUANTITES 

PREVUES 

1,360,000 

1.360.000 

71.100  • 71.100 

• 

* 
9.280  · 9,280 

50.000 

50.000 

15.000 

15.000 

39.455  *  39.455  · 

SOLDE 

20,233 

20.233 

0  • 

0 

OUANT1 TES 

PREVUES  DANS 

1,360.000 

LE  BUDGET 

• 
94.100  • 
• 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0.000  •  0.000  · 

0  · 

« 

18.000  · 

50.000 

15.000 

40.00 

« 

- ^ η -

ORGANISME  :  PAM  (Normal) 

ANNEXE  4 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréales 
(T) 

Lait en 
poudre (T) 

ButteroiI 
(T) 

Hui le 
végétale (T) 

Autres 
(T) 

1. Yemen 
2. Egypte 
3. Jordanie 
4. Ouganda 
5. Kenya 
6. Turquie 
7. Maroc 
8. Pakistan 
9. Burundi 
10.  Inde 
11. Lesotho 
12. Nepal 
13. Rwanda 
14. Seychelles 
15. Tunisie 
16. Chine 
17. Ethiopie 
18. Bangladesh 
19. Cuba 
20. Mauritanie 
21. 1 chad 
22. Niger 
23. Soudan 
24. Bénin 
25. Cameroun 
26. Equateur 
27. Pérou 
28. El  Salvador 
29. Liban 
30. Guinée Equatoriale 
31. Guyane 
32. Brésil 
33. Botswana 
34. Djibouti 
35. Côte d'Ivoire 
36. Guinée Bissau 
37. Cap Vert 
38. Zanzibar 
39. Rópub. Contrair icaino 
40. Sao Tomé 
41. Mozambique 
42. Tanzanie 
43. Bhoutan 

4.342 
6.210 
1.750 
9.602 
11.715 
364 
9.000 
5.500 
-
-
-
-
-
-
15.000 
19.000 
197 
17.320 
-
-

-
-
-
200 
2.713 
-
-
600 
490 
403 
872.7 
350 
21 
232 
15 
253 
140 
280 
30 
200 
200 
150 

852 
-
-
1.169 
50 
-
3.350 
-
305 
-
-
-
-
16 
-
-
164 
-
5.000 

537.3 
46!) 
563 
170 
209 
200 
2.713 
-
-
600 
490 
403 
872.7 
350 
21 
232 
15 
253 
140 
280 
30 
200 
200 
150 

208 
-
-
-
-
-
-
375 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
128 
375 
-
375 
39 

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
_ 
_ 
-

_ 
-
-
200 
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
505 
-
-
-
-
-
:>/H 
183 
400 
387 
60 
600 
671 
741 
175 
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
_ 

_ 
_ 
_ 
-

_ 
-
.  -
-
-
-

20 
97 
723 
100 
264 
20 
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
« 
-
_ 
_ 
-
-
_ 
-
-
_ 
-
_ 
_ 
-

_ 
_ 
_ 
-

TOTAL 

100.000 

20.000 

1.500 

4.500 

1.224 (1) 

(1)  Soit  500.000  ECU  pour  l'achat  de 

légumineuses. 

-J"¿- 

ANNEXE  5 

-

ORGANISME :  PAM (RAIU) 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRE 

1. Tun i s i e 
2. Nam i  b i e 
3. Li ber i a 
4. Ouganda 
5. AngoI a 
6. Malawi 
7. Côte d'Ivo i re 
8. Guinée 
9. Zaïre 
10. Ethiopie 
11. Soudan 
12. Rwanda 

Céréales (T)  Hui le  végéta le 

Autres (T) 

(T) 

-
230 
35 

-
-
275 
180 
280 
724 
-

5.856 
10.300 
13.609 
7.423 
7.812 
5.000 
-
-
-
15.000 
10.000 
2.500 

-
1.448 
2.688 
-
-

140 

-
-
1 .874 
-

TOTAL 

77.500 

1 .724 

6.150 (1) 

(1) Soit 2 MECU pour  l'achat de  légumineuses, poisson congelé et faffa. 

ANNEXE  6 

ORGANISME : PAM (IPR) 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréales 
(T) 

Butteroi I 
(T) 

Hui le 
végétale (T) 

Sucre 
(T) 

Autres 
(T) 

1. Algér ie 
2. Ethiopie 
3. Zimbabwe 
4. Mozambique 
5. Malawi 
6. Sénégal 
7. Ouganda 
8. Pakistan 
9. Djibouti 
10. Soudan 
11. Tanzanie 
12.  Iran 
13. Kenya 

3.288 
30.108 
11.608 
4.866 
6.270 
7.380 
10.000 
-
-
-
-
-
6.480 

-
-
-
-
-
-
2.500 
-
-
-
-

1.000 
-
-
-
-
-
1.000 
1.000 
-
-
-

1.400 
-
1.964 
-
-
-
-
1.290 
346 
-
-

4.699 
255 
-
4.500 
-
1.360 
-
-
-
254 
2.700 

TOTAL 

80.000 

2.500 

3.000 

5.000 

13.768 (1) 

(1) Solt 4 MECU pour  l'achat de  légumineuses, faffa et haricots. 

•5 4 

ANNEXE  7 

ORGANISATIONS  NON  GOUVERNEMENTALES  (ONG) 

1.  Liste  des  pays  dans  lesquels  l'aide  a  été  distribuée  par  les  ONG  : 

Pays ACP 

Angola 
Benin 
Burkina Faso 
Burundi 
Centrafr ique 
Congo 
Dominica 
Républ ique Dominicaine 
Ethiopie 
Gambie 
Ghana 
Guinée Bissau 
Haït I 
Côte d'ivoire 
Libéria 
Madagascar 
Malawi 
Ma I  i 
Mozambique 
Niger 
Rwanda 
Sao Tomé & Principe 
Sierra Leone 
Soudan 
Togo 
Ouganda 
Zaïre 

Asie 

Bangladesh 
Inde 
Pak istan 
Vietnam 

Amérique Centrale 

El  Salvador 
Guatemala 
Nicaragua 

Amér ique du Sud 

Bol¡vie 
Chi 11 
Equateur 
Pérou 

Machrek 

Egypte 

Maghreb 

Algérie 
Tunisie 

2.  ONG auxquelles  l'aide alimentaire a  été distribuée 

Caritas Netherlands 
01 KOS 
Ass. Aide au Tiers Monde 
Cinterad 
Caritas Belgium 
SOS Sahel  International 
Secours Catholique Français 
SOS Boîte de lait Belgique 
Catholic Rel lef Services 
Centro Aiuti  Mondial i 
Oxfam Belgium 
Prosa lus 
Caritas Germany 
Concern 
Lutherian World Federation 
World Vision of Britain 
Caritas  Italy 
Protos 
Appel  Detresse 

CARE Germany 
Cath. Agency for Overseas Dev 
Dutch  Interchurch Aid 
Goa I 
Int. Christian Rel ief 
OXFAM UK 
DMOS - Com i de 
Act ion ChiIdren Aid 
Gem. Zur Förderung Sozia I-Med. 
Somedi 
WorId Counci I  of  Churches 
Cht ist i an  Aid 
Troca ire 
Caritas Spain 
Caritas Denmark 
Punto di  Fraternitàaternita 
Société St-Vincent de Paul 
Action Aid 

-  Γ 5 

ANNEXE  8 

ORGANISME  :  UNHCR 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréales 
(T) 

Lait en 
poudre (T)  végétale (T) 

Hui le 

Sucre 
(T) 

Légumineuses 
(T) 

1. Ethiopie 
2. Malawi 
3. Soudan 
4. Algérie 
5. Honduras 
6. Mozambique 
7. Sénégal 
8. Swaziland 
9. Zimbabwé 
10. Thaïlande 

10.000 
20.000 
10.000 
-
-
-
-
-
-
24.900 

150 
330 
490 
-
100 
-
-
70 
"" 

1.200 
2.000 
1.300 
500 
-
-
-
-
-
** 

2.250 
500 
250 
120 
30 
180 
170 
-
-

1.400 
2.150 
1.387 
-
-
-
-
-
568 
-

TOTAL 

64.900 

1.140 

5.000 

3.500 

5.505 

-  S£  „ 

ANNEXE 

ORGANISME  :  CICR 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréales 
(Τ) 

Hui le 
végétale (T) 

Sucre 
(T) 

Légum ineuses 
(T) 

1. Liban 
2. Angola 
3. Soudan 
4. Soma I  ie 
5. Mozambique 
6. Ouganda 

2.740 
6.050 
1.300 
4.910 
-

220 
439 

371 
-

150 
40 
-
-
10 

460 
1.206 
-
900 
200 
250 

TOTAL 

15.000 

1.000 

200 

3.016 

-SI  -

ANNEXE  10 

ORGANISME : LICROSS 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréa les 
(T) 

Lait en 
poudre 
(T) 

Hul le 
végétale 
(T) 

Sucre 
(T) 

1. Ethiopie 
2. Malaisie 
3. Tunisie 
4. Bolivie 
5. Algérie 
6. Yémen Arab Rép. 
7. Afghanistan 
8. Burkina Faso 
9. Maroc 
10. Soudan 
11. Haïti 
12. Guyane 
13. Pérou 
14. Uruguay 

5.814 
511 
640 
207 
1.131 
480 
200 
480 
780 
4.754 
-
-
-

" 

-  • 

200 
180 
100 
430 
-
100 
100 
70 
50 
50 
60 
~ 

255 
-
200 
60 
200 
50 
-
85 
150 
100 
50 
50 
_ 
50 

_ 
57 
_ 
150 
100 
-
35 
-

_ 
-

TOTAL 

14.997 (1) 

1.340 

1.250 

342 

(1) Solde de 3 tonnes. 

SS' 

ANNEXE  11 

ORGANISME  :  UNRWA 

PAYS BENEFICIAIRES 

Céréales 
(T) 

Hui le 
végéta le 
(T) 

Lait en 
poudre 
(T) 

Sucre 
(T) 

Autres 
produits 
(T) 

1.  Israël 

2. Syrie 

3. Liban 

3.548 

733,7 

1.443 

1.003 

1.167 

490 

3.546 

234,4 

399,8 

578 

641 

254 

766 

435 

340 

664 

675 

4. Jordanie 

812 

368,1 

1.201 

TOTAL 

8.30 G 

1.736 

3.863 

2.45» 

?.H4fi 

AIDE  ALIMENTAIRE  - PROGRAM  1990  -  AIOES  D'URGENCE,  SUSSTI TUT ΙΟΝ,  STOCKAGE 

SITUATION  AU  31.12.91 

FASUM2 
OT  07.11.91 

AIDES  D'URGENCE:  CEREALES 

: 

:  AIDES  D'URGENCE:  LEP. 

AIDES  D'URGENCE:  BUTTEROIL 

UNRWA  (REF  PALESTINE) 
PAM  (REF  ΕΤΗ) 
PERU 
PAM  (RWANDA) 
JORDAN 
EGYPT 
PAW 
ETHIOPIA 

: 
2,400 
: 
2,400 
: 
1,600 
2,500 
: 
9,000  : 
24,000  : 
10,000 
25,000 

: 

:  JCTCAN 
:  EGYPTE 
:  PE?OJ 
: 
: 
: 

: 

200 
1,440 
1,300 

EGYPTE 

480 

: 

: 
: 
: 

:  AIDES  D'URGENCE :  HUILE  VEGETALE 

: 
JORDAN 
:  EGYPTE 
:  ETHIOPIA 

500 
1,440 
1,224 

TCTAL 

2940 

TOTAL 

480 

: 

:  TOTAL 

3164 

A;DES  D'URGENCE  - AUTRES 

: 

AIDES DE SUBSTITUTION (ART 929) : 

: AIDES DE STOCKAGE (ART 928) MECU 

EG-'TE 
CNG 

1.20 
0.02 

Inde 
Mail 
Tanzanie 

TC-ii  (MECUS) 

1.22 

A  DES  D'URGENCE  - SUCRE 

5.00  : 
2.25  : 
0.16  : 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 

:  Tchad 
:  Mozambique 
:  Madagascar 
:  Ethiopie 
:  Bangladesh 
:  Afr. Austr. 
:  NGO Soudan 
:  CICR Soudan 
:  CICR Jordan 
:  NGO Mozambique 
:  NGO Various 
:  PAM 

TOTAL 

76,900 

TOTAL -(MECUS) 

7.41 

:  TOTAL 

1.400 
1.200 
1.800 
2.000 
1.760 
0.830 
0.074 
0.065 
0.037 
0.246 
0.200 
0.332 

9.944 

AIDE Al I tÆ NT A IRE - PROGRAMME 1990 - EXECUTION PAR MOIS · 

SITUATION  AU  31.12.90 

-

ANNE XE  13  /  1 

•  WTH2 
*  DT-09.01.90 

* 

CERE AIES 

M3IS/ANNEE 

QUANTITE 

MOBILISEE 
(tonnes) 

QUANTITE 
ADJUGEE 
(tonnes) 

QUANTITE 
LIVREE 
(tonnes) 

1990 
JUIN 
JUILLET 
1990 
AOUT 
1990 
SEPTEMBRE  1990 

OCTOBRE 
1990 
NOVEMBRE  1990 

OECEIfiRE  1990 

85.808. 
130.358 
15.122 
199,651 

107.622 
164.531 
33.111 

3,108 
62,400 
69,118 
8.251 

221.271 
108.538 

23.511 

3,108 
0 
52,100 
30,372 

81.693 
81.657 

215.859 

JANVIER 

1991 
1991 

FEVRIER 
MARS 
1991 
NOVEMBRE  1991 
DECEIfiRE  1991 

JANVIER 

FEVRIER 
W4RS 

1991 

1991 

1991 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

BUTTEROIL 

MOIS/ANNEE 

JUIN 
JUILLET 
AOUT 
SEPTElfiRE  1990 

1990 
1990 
1990 

OCTOBRE 
1990 
NOVElfiRE  1990 

OECEIfiRE  1990 
1991 
JANVIER 

FEVRIER 

1991 
UARS 
1991 
NOVEMBRE  1991 
OECEIfiRE  1991 

JANVIER 
FEVRIER 

MARS 

1991 
1991 

1991 

QUANTITE 

MOBILISEE 
(tonnes) 

QUANTITE 
ADJUGEE 
(tonnes) 

QUANTITE 
LIVREE 
(tomes) 

0 
0 
0 
1,530 

0 

180 

600 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
1,530 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

TOTAL 

736.209 

196,860 

465.389 

TOTAL 

2.6I0 

1,530 

LAIT  EN  POUORE 

UJ ILE  VEGETALE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

MOIS/ANNEE 

MOBILISEE 

ADJUGEE 

LIVREE 

MOIS/ANNEE 

MOBILISEE 

ADJUGEE 

LIVREE 

(tonnes) 

(tonnes) 

(tonnes) 

(tonnes) 

(tim;:.) 

(tonnes) 

JUIN 

JUILLET 
AOUT 

1990 
1990 
1990 

SEPlElfiRE  1990 
OCTOBRE 
1990 
NOVElfiRE  1990 

DECEIfiRE  1990 

JANVIER 

1991 

UARS 

FEVRIER 

1991 
1991 
NOVElfiRE  1991 
OECEIfiRE  1991 
JANVIER 
1991 

FEVRIER 

MARS 

1991 

1991 

7,015 
11,372 

7.903 

7.336 
1.912 

3.587 

8,863 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

70 

6,975 
9.452 

7.903 
8.466 

3.740 

6.439 

0 

0 
0 

0 

'  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
7.045 

8.382 
2,338 

.  8.348 

7.615 
o 
0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

JUIN 

1990 
1990 
JUILLET 
AOUT 
1990 
SEPTElfiRE  1990 
XTOBRE 

1990 

NOVElfiRE  1990 

DEŒk6R£  1990 

JANVIER 

1991 

1991 

FEVRIER 
UARS 

1991 
NOVElfiRE  1991 

OECEIfiRE  1991 

JANVIER 

FEVRIER 

UARS 

1991 

1991 

1991 

5.450 
5.741 
4,867 
230 
5.843 

4.085 

5,035 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

m 
3.200 
1,960 
1,917 
1,810 

2,089 

2.856 

0 

0 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

ÎOO 
120 

0 
1.320 
7.190 

2.191 

1,714 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

TOTAL 

51.018 

43.045 

33,728  : 

TOTAL 

31.251 

20.082 

12,665 

- G  Λ 

ANNEXE  13  / 

'  AI DL  Al  IMENTAIRF  -  PROGRAM:  1990  -  EXECUT ION  PAR  MOIS  ' 

• 

SI1UA1 i ON'  AIJ  30. (M  SI 

* 

•  WIM/ 

* 

'  Dl - 14  05  91  · 

Ci Rt'Al 1  S 

..  .  — 

BOI  IL RO II 

:  OUANTITE 

:  MO IS/ANNEf  ' 

:  MOBILISEE 

: 

: 

'OUANT Ili 

OUANT ΙΠ 

'  'JJAM l¡¡ 

QUANT 11; 

Aí] JUGE 1 

LIVREE 

:  MOIS/ANNL1 

H'JBIL  ISII 

'  AijJUGf 1 

;i 

i IVR;; 

(tomes) 

(tonnes) 

( Lomes ) 

( 1 uníics ι 

ι. tonne;, i 

'  :-iï-.rS ) 

:  JUIN 

1990  : 

85,808 

3.408 

3,408 

-  JUILLET 

1990  : 

130,358 

: 

52,400 

:  A0LJ1 

1990  : 

15,12? 

:  SEPTEMBRE  1990 

199,651 

69.448 

8,254 

:  OCTOBRE 

1990  : 

107,622 

721,271 

:  NOVEMBRE 

1990  : 

164,534 

: 

108,538 

•  DECEMBRE 

1990  : 

33,114 

0 

52,400 

30,372 

81,693 

81,657 

215,859 

17,380 

65.743 

'¡8,895 
I'll·.'>88 

0 

0 

0 

0 

103,242 

167,180 

9,358 

/'1,11.7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

: 

23,541 

o
c

-n

O

147,211 

ι  -VI, 8 Iti 

.M. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

JUIN 

1990 

JUILLE1 

1990 

•  AOUT 

1990 

i: 
(! 

0 

SEPTEMBRE  1990 

i. 530 

OCTOBRE 

1990 

NOVEMBRE  1990 

DECELÆRE  1990 

JANVIER 

1991 

FEVRIER 

1991 

MAR*; 

AVU II 

MAI 

JUIN 

JUILLET 

AOUT 

19ΊΙ 

l't'll 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991 

Ü 

480 

600 

, ! /5 

7 Lfj 

( Ì 

!  il 1 

¡; 

0 

0 

0 

l) 

1') 

11 

0 

1,530 

0 

0 

930 

3.P7S 

Ι ι 

•;iij 

II 

•0 
o 
0 

; ; 

il 

'J 

Ü 

. 

•  .fi, 

ι ! ' ι 

l¡ 

0 

0 

Ü 

1,095,011 

910,413 

843,995 

TOTAL 

. 68!) 

6.68!. 

6,535 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

QUANTITE 

MOBILISEE 
(tonnes) 

ADJUGEE 
(tonnes) 

LIVREE 
(tonnes) 

: 

7,045 

11,372 

/, 903 

7,336 

4,912 

3,587 

8,863 

2,906 

3,598 

729 

332 

0 

0 

0 

0 

70 

· 

(¡.97!)  : 

9.4!)/ 

7,903 

8,466 

3,740 

6,439 

1,488 

10,382 

: 

: 

: 

: 

: 

0 

0 

/.U45 

8,382 

2.338 

8,348 

7,615 

7,013 

2,685 

i,494 

: 

11,088 

1.502 

: 

1,297 

0 

0 

0 

0 

: 

: 

: 

: 

0 

0 

0 

0 

WILL  VtGl  ! A! t 

• : : • 

MO IS/ANNEE 

•  OUANÌ1 TE 

ν •  QUANTITE 

OUANTITE 

MOBILISEE 

. 

ADJUGEE 

LIVREE 

(tonnes)  " 

(tomes) 

(tonnes) 

JUIN 

1990  : 

5,450 r 

AUU1 

JUILiFT 

1990 
rør 
SEPTEMBRE  1990  : 

5./41 

:t 

4.81,/ 

230 

·. 

220 

3,20(1 

I.'IUI' 

4,917  ' 

, 

OCTOBRE 

1990 

! 

5,843' i  4.84Ö 

' 
J·  . 

100 
ι?!) 

:' .'J :  • 

-

l , 320 

7,190 

2; 191 

•'"1,744 

0 

3.154 

2,089' 

2,856 

1,440 

3,374 

7,630.  ; 

'"'  6.047 

1.375' 

1.330 

o ; 
• 
0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

NOVEMBRE  1990  : 

4,085' 

DECEkBRE  1990  : 

5.035 

: 

: 

JANVIER 

1991 

FEVRIER 

1991  . 

MARS 

AVRIL 

MAI 

JUIN 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991  : 

JUILLET 

AOUT 

1991.  :  ••  î 
1991 

729 

9,315 

651 

1.109 

0 

0 

: 

: 

0 

: 

0 

: 

TOTAL 

58,583 

57,911 

: 

55,811 

TOTAL 

43.055 

: 

33,901 

23,196 

JANVIER 

1991 

L  r  \ ^ 1 f Ρ 

1991 

1991 

l'I'H 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991 

MAKS 

AVK 11 

.  MA! 

JUIN 
uni 11 

AOUT 

LOI Al 

L A11  EN  POlJÜRí 

MOIS/ANNEE 

JUIN 
ΛΙΙΙΙΙ 1 
A0U1 

1990 

1990 

1990 

SEPTEMBRE  1990 

OCTOBRE 

1990 

OVEtvBRE  1990 

DECEMBRE  1990 

JANVIER 

FEVRIER 

MARS 

AVRIL 

MAI 

JUIN 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991 

1991 

JUILLET 

1991 

AOUT 

1991