PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ADOPTING SPECIFIC RESEARCH PROGRAMMES TO BE IMPLEMENTED BY THE JOINT RESEARCH CENTRE FOR THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY ( 1992-1994 )
Date: 1991-07-22
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: applied research, basic research, dissemination of information, research body, research programme

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

C0M(91)  281  f i l i al  -  SYN  352 

Brussels, 22 July 1991 

COMMUNICATION  FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL 

relating to a COUNCIL  RESOLUTION 

concerning  act Ivit les to be undertaken by the 

Joint  Research  Centre (JRC) 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  DECISION 

- SYN 352 

adopting  specific  research programmes  to be 

implemented by the Joint  Research  Centre 

for  the European  Economic Community  (1992-1994) 

*9k 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  DECISION 

adopting  specific  research  programmes  to be 

implemented by the Joint  Research Centre for the 

European Atomic  Energy  Community  (1992-1994) 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  DECISION 

adopting a supplementary  research  programme  to be 

implemented by the Joint  Research  Centre for the 

European Atomic  Energy  Community 

(presented by the Commission) 

JRC  PROGRAMME 
PROPOSAL 

1992  -  1994 

INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES 

I. 
II.  ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES 
III.  PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL RESOLUTION 

AND DECISIONS 

Technical Annex:  Scientific-Technical Work 
(Institute by Institute) 
Financial Statements 
Statement of Impact on Competitiveness 
and  Employment 

CHAPTER I 

INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC 
OBJECTIVES 

INTRODUCTION 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

This document  contains the  proposal  of  the  Commission  for  the  activities  to 
be  undertaken  by  the  JRC  (Joint  Research  Centre)  d u r i ng  t he  p e r i od 
1992-1994. 

In  1988, following  an  in-depth  examination  of  the  JRC by  a panel  of  Senior 
Industrialists, the  Commission  engaged  in a major  restructuration  of  the JRC 
and since that  period, with  the approval  of the CounciP  and the  Parliament2 
the JRC has undertaken  four distinct types of  activity: 

specific  research  programmes  under the  Framework  Programme3; 
scientific  and  technical  work  in  support  of  other  services  of 
Commission; 
contractual  work  for  external third  parties; 
exploratory  research. 

t he 

For the future, it  is proposed  to  pursue these four types of  activity  and  whilst 
only  specific  research  programmes  under  the  Framework  Programme  and 
the  Euratom  supplementary  programme  for  the  exploitation  of  the  HFR 
reactor  (contributing  to  the  activity  Contractual  Work  for  External  Third 
Parties)  require  Council  Decisions  under  the  relevant Treaties'  procedures,  it 
appears  opportune  that  the  Commission's  proposals  for  such  decisions  be 
inserted  in  a general  framework  describing  how  the  JRC intends  to  operate 
as a  whole;  for  that  purpose,  and  in  the  same  way  as in  1988,  the  overall 
activities of the JRC should  be the object of  a Council  Resolution. 

Having  set  the  restructuration  well  under  way,  the  Commission  wishes  to 
adopt  a long-term  view  on  the  role  of  the  JRC in the  European  Community 
and  its  proposal  for  the  period  1992-1994,  synchronised  w i th  the  Third 
Framework  Programme,  has been  established  within  the  frame  of  a  longer-
term strateqy to  the  year  2000.  This strategy  will  be summarized  in the  next 
section of tnis  document. 

In terms of  the  operations  of  the  JRC, the  most significant  feature  has  been 
the  reorganisation  into  Institutes  which  have  become  the  backbone  of  the 
new  system;  hence,  the  detailed  presentation  of  JRC  overall  activities  for 
1992-1994 will  be  made  in  the  Technical  Annex  on  an  Institute  by  Institute 
basis. 

ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE 1988 

6. 

The  proposals  for  the  period  1992-1994  are  firmly  based  on  an  in-depth 
analysis  of  the  current  achievements  of  the  JRC  compared  to  the  specific 
objectives  set for  it  by  Council  in  1988.  In  particular,  they  take  into  account 
the status of  work  in  progress and which  has been  reported  in the  successive 
JRC Annual  Reports for the years  1988,1989 and  1990. 

( 1 )  see Council Resolution of 29.  1988 No 88/C 197/03 in OJ No C  197/4. 

(2)  see Legislative Resolution  embodying the Opinion of the European Parliament in OJ No 

C/94/31, 11.4.1988, p. 74 

(3)  see Council Decisions of 14 10 1988 No 88/521/EEC in OJ No L 286/29 and No 88/522/Euratom in 

OJ No L 286/33 

-2 

7. 

8. 

Furthermore,  they  also  take  into  account  the  guidance  received  from  the 
evaluation  carried  o ut  at  m i d - p r o g r a m me  "by  a  h i gh 
level  panel  of 
independent  experts,  led  by  Dr.  Harry  Beckers  of  Shell  International.  This 
evaluation  was  performed  under  the  terms  of  the  Council  Decisions  on  the 
1988-1991  Programme  and, accompanied  by  the  observations  of  the  Board 
of  Governors,  was  presented  by  t he  Commission  to  t he  Council  a nd 
European  Parliament  on  16th  January  1990. 
It  gave  rise  to  long  t e rm 
strategic  planning  for  the  JRC  and  a  streamlining  of  its  internal  structure, 
notably  by the  merging  of  t wo  of  the  Institutes  into  the  Institute  for  Systems 
Engineering  and  Informatics.  The  panel  recommendations  also  led  to  an 
extension  and  intensification  of  the  customer/contractor  principle,  b o th 
w i th  regard  to  t he  support  for  Commission  activities  and  to  relations 
between  the  JRC  Institutes  and  the  JRC's  general  services.  Finally,  where 
Commission  or  Community  regulations  are  concerned,  additional  flexibility 
in  the  administrative  procedures  was  introduced,  particularly  in  respect  of 
recruitment. 

As  required  by  f 
Council  Decisions,  a  final  overall  evaluation  w i ll  be 
undertaken  at  th.-  end  of  1991  to  determine  progress  during  the  period 
since  1988. 
In  pdrticular,  this  w i ll  assess  t he  scientific,  technical  and 
economic  results  of  the  research  undertaken  w i th  specific  reference  to  the 
objectives  set  by  the  Council  in  1988,  and  also  the  cost-effetiveness  of  the 
JRC's  activities,  taking  into  account  the  impact  of  the  administrative  and 
financial  restructuration  which  has  been  implemented  since  1988. 
In 
agreement  w i th  the  Board  of  Governors  an  evaluation  panel  has  already 
been  nominated, and  it  is chaired  by Sir Hermann  Bondi, FRS. 

WHAT  STRATEGY FOR THE JRC UP TO THE YEAR 2000  ? 

9. 

The  Commission  considers  that  the  remit  of  the  JRC for  the  years  to  come 
should  be to  conduct  basic/strategic  and  applied/target  oriented  research  as 
an  integral  part  of  the  European  Science  and  Technology  system.  It  should 
f o l l ow  the  basic  principles  of  customer/contractor  and  subsidiarity  w i th  the 
f o l l o w i ng  characteristics: 

scientific  and technical  excellence; 
neutrality  and  independence; 
unique  research  facilities; 
openness to  all Community  Member  States. 

The  basic and  applied  research  in  science  and  technology  carried  o ut  by  the 
JRC should  meet the  needs of  the  Community  as a whole,  its Institutions  and 
Member  States w i th  the  objectives  of: 

contributing  to  the  strengthening  of  the  scientific  and  technological 
basis for  European  industry  and to  the development  of  its  international 
competitivity; 

contributing  to  the  enhancement  of  the  quality  of  the  human  and 
natural  environment; 

contributing  to  t he  improvement  of  public  safety  aspects  of  new 
technologies; 

contributing  to  the  reduction  of  scientific  and technological  disparities 
between  the  Member  States of  the  Community; 

- 3-

providing  scientific  and  technical  services  to  Community  Institutions, 
and making JRC competences and scientific and technical  installations 
available to public and private bodies. 

10.  Whatever  form is adopted for the JRC in the long-term, it  is considered  that 
its distinctive Community character must be preserved.  The structure should 
be  dictated  by  the  allotted  tasks  and  the  Centre  must  maintain  its 
institutional  role  of  providing  scientific  and  technical  support  for  the 
implementation  of Community  policies, while continuing to  be open to  the 
outside. 
In  all  cases, the  JRC should  remain  an  integral  component  of 
European R&D policy and this is fully reflected in the present Proposal. 

JRC TASKS GUIDED BY THE MARKETPLACE 

11.  Bearing  in  mind  that  the  Centre  is driven  by the  needs of  its  marketplace, 
having to take account of the subsidiarity principle and develop its particular 
actions  under  the  application  of  the  customer/contractor  principle,  long-
lasting  criteria  for  the  JRC contributions  to  Community  policies  may  be 
established: 

performing  research  where  the  specific  Community  nature  of  the 
Centre  is  an  advantage,  either  because  of  its  independence  of 
judgment  and  neutrality  or  because  of  the  close  links  with  the 
Commission's  Directorates-General  responsible  for  implementing 
Community  policies.  This applies primarily to  research of  a regulatory 
or  pre-normative  nature  or  of  public  utility,  and  it  is  here  that  the 
institutional role of the JRC appears most clearly; 

performing  research  of  the  scientific  watch type  or  of  a  conservative 
type -to  maintain scientific competences in areas which  may present a 
potential  for  development  or  which  may  return  to  importance  at  a 
later  stage- where there  is an advantage  in concentrating  at a central 
point  in the Community specialised research with  a long-term  interest 
or  a high  risk  element.  Recognised scientific-technical  competence  is 
an  essential  condition  to  justify  the  concentration  of  research  at  the 
JRC; 

serving as a focal point for research on cross-frontier problems in which 
the  JRC, through  integrated  operations  bringing  together  its  own 
research and the work of industrial or national laboratories, contribute 
to  the  European  effort  towards  excellence  and  cohesion  between 
Member States of the Community and acts as a bridge between groups 
of Member States presenting different  levels of scientific and technical 
development; 

contributing  to  establishing  links with  the  EFTA and  other  European 
countries, notably the Central and Eastern countries; 

linked  with  the  above  activities,  the  JRC may  contribute  in  selected 
areas where  it has strong competences, to the  management  of  shared 
cost actions and similar schemes; 

external dimensions of the JRC activities assign a role for the Centre as 
a  continuing  active  partner  in  selected  EUREKA  projects  and  as  a' 
contributor  to  Commission  actions  related  to 
cooperation of a more global dimension; 

i n t e r n a t i o n al 

-4 

in  research.  This  is  n ot  a  mere 
p r o v i d i ng  specialised  t r a i n i ng 
continuation  of  the  current  traditional  fellowship  scheme  (sectoral 
scientific-technical  grants),  b ut  a  visualisation  of  t he  JRC  w i th  a 
permanent  role  t h r o u gh  its  planned  contributions  to  the  human 
t he  T h i rd 
c a p i t al  a nd  m o b i l i ty  o b j e c t i ve  as  o p e n ed  up 
FrameworkProgramme,  and  thereby  provide  its  contributions  to  the 
creation  of  a true scientific and technological  society in  Europe; 

in 

through  activities  carried  out  in  association  or  through  specific  work 
under  contract,  providing  industry,  national  public  bodies  and  others, 
including  the  European  Environment  Agency  w i th  specific  expertise 
and  facilities developed  in the course of  research; 

specialized  and  costly  installations  developed  by  the  JRC  and  whose 
duplication  at  a  national  or  commercial  level  would  not  be  justified 
will,  in  addition  to  their  use  in  JRC  programmes,  be  placed  at  t he 
disposal  of  other  organizations,  either  in  collaboration  agreements  or 
under  contractual  arrangements with  public or  private  bodies. 

MULTIDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER OF THE CENTRE 

12.  A  fundamental  strength  of  the  JRC, which  is  the  basis  of  its  remit,  is  the 
European  dimension  of  its  work.  This  is  not  limited  to  scientific-technical 
activities  in  a  few  scientific  disciplines. 
Indeed,  a  second  strength  is  t he 
multidisciplinary  character  of  the  Centre  where  the  span  of  competences 
and  skills  -  admittedly  to  a  varying  degree  -  stretches  over  many  sciences. 
The  JRC  has  a  strong  tradition  of  executing  projects  of  a  multicfisciplinary 
nature.  This  multidisciplinarity  is  indeed  reflected  in  the  subject  areas  of 
most  of  the  Institutes  and  promises  that,  in  the  future,  the  JRC will  also  be 
able  to  take  up  new  challenges  as  needs  arise  based  on  the  flexibility 
required  of  a European  laboratory.  Consequently, multidisciplinarity  should 
be cultivated  for the  future. 

On  the  other  hand,  this  should  not  lead  to  a  complete  dispersion  of  the 
activities  which  are  undertaken.  While  remaining  customer-driven,  the 
Centre  and  its  management  must  have  clear  views  on  the  proper  scientific-
technical  orientations  for  the  JRC and  be able to  keep  a balance  in  order  to 
ensure that  the  activities  and  contracts which  are  accepted  can  be  executed 
at  any  time  w i th  the  requisite  level  of  competence,  qualitatively  as well  as 
quantitatively. 

JRC SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES 

13.  As  n o t ed  in  section  2  of  this  d o c u m e n t,  t he  Council  Resolution  of 
29 June  1988  specified  the  first  of  the  activities  of  the  JRC, its  predominant 
task  for  the  period  1988  to  1991, the  "implementation  of  the  Framework 
Programme  by  means  of  specific  programmes  and  preparatory  research". 
This definition  still  holds good  for  the  1992-1994 period  and  is the  subject  of 
the  proposals presented  herein. 

t he 
The  work  is  oriented  towards  meeting  t he  overall  objectives  of 
Framework  Programme  and  those  set  out  for  the  particular  lines  of  t he 
Framework  Programme  to  which  the  JRC contributes,  or  in  more  detail,  to 
the  objectives  of  specific  research  programmes whose execution  is entrusted 
to the  JRC.  While  the JRC Board of  Governors remains the  proper  guardian 

5-

of  the  JRC  and  its  work,  and  sees  that  JRC  research  constantly  evolves 
towards  the  objectives  set out,  a close coordination  will  be  maintained  w i th 
the  relevant  shared  cost  action  programmes,  notably  through  a  full  and 
detailed  exchange  of  information  with  their  respective  committees  on  the 
JRC research  in those areas. 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

14.  The JRC will  contribute  to  the objectives of the Third  Framework  Programme 

through  the  following  lines: 

Industrial  and  Materials  Technologies; 

Measurement  and  Testing; 

Environment; 

Nuclear Fission Safety; 

Con trolled  Nuclear Fusion; 

Human  Capital and  Mobility. 

The broad  objectives of the JRC contribution to these lines are set out  below. 
More detailed descriptions are provided  in the Technical  Annex. 

15. 

In  the  field  of  Industrial  and  Materials  Technologies  the  planned  JRC 
contribution  concerns: 

Working  Environment  and 

Materials. 

With  regard  to  Working  Environment,  while  keeping  in  mind  the  normal 
application  of  the  subsidiarity  principle,  an  important  project  selection 
critérium  will  be  the  orientation  towards  prenormative  research.  The 
Community  will  be called upon  for further regulatory  actions in areas such as 
health  care and  risk control, setting  upper  and  lower  limits (e.g. toxicology), 
standard  evaluation  methods and  procedures for analysis, evaluation  of  risks 
to  workers,  and  evaluation  of  the  working  environment  in  relation  to  the 
introduction  of  new  technologies.  Research  should  furthermore  evolve  in 
close collaboration  with  relevant  national  bodies  in the  Member  States,  and 
with  the coming  European  Agency  for  Safety at  Work. 
Consequently  the  JRC  has  selected  the  following  research  themes  which 
match  existing  JRC skills, w i th  the  objective  of  actively  contributing  to  this 
work: 

Toxicology  and  Occupational  Health; 

Occupational  Accident  Research and 

Risk  Prevention. 

8 

With  regard  to  Materials,  research  will  be  oriented  towards  the  following 
areas  which  all  have  a  strong  prenormative  dimension  and  represent 
important  enabling  technologies  for  a whole  range  of  advanced  industrial 
applications: 

Alloys and  In termetallics; 

Ceramics and Composites; 

Coatings and Processing; 

Surface Modification  Technology; 

New  Functional  Materials; 

Non  Destructive  and  Evaluation  Techniques  for  Advanced  Materials 
and  Components; 

Information  and Data  Management. 

These  pre  cts  have  the  objective  of  helping  to  ensure  that  Community 
manufac  ring  industry  has better  access to  a  range  of  cost-effective,  well-
characterized  advanced  materials and that these  materials are  incorporated 
into  high  performance  components.  The activity also provides a focal  point 
for  the  exchange  of  information  on  prenormative  research  on  advanced 
materials.  The  research  supported  by  unique  facilities  at  the  JRC  will  be 
conducted  in  close  contact  with  manufacturing  and  user  industries  and 
furthermore  aim  at  supporting  wider  European  and 
International 
standardisation  efforts in the vast field of new materials. 

16. 

In  the  field  of  Measurement  and  Testing,  the  essential  contribution  of  the 
JRC  is the  continuation  of  activities  in  both  the  nuclear  and  non-nuclear 
fields  of  Reference  Materials  and  Measurements  carried  out  by the  Central 
Bureau for Nuclear  Measurements, notably  in the following areas: 

Preparation,  Characterization  and  Certification  of Samples; 

Long-lived  or Stable Isotope Mass Spectrometry; 

Nuclear Data  Measurements  and  Evaluation; 

Radionuclide  Metrology; 

Applied  Radiation  Techniques. 

Research also  in the  growing  application  of  these specialized  techniques  to 
non-nuclear  areas  will  capitalize  on  the  existing  experimental  facilities 
including  the  particle  accelerators.Furthermore,  specific  prenormative 
research  activities will  be  continued  in the  fields of  Reliability  of  Structures 
and  on a lesser scale in renewable  Energies (Photovoltaic); the  latter  activity 
being  centred  around  the  utilisation  of  the  existing  European  Solar  Test 
Installation  (ESTI).  Research and  Reliability  of  Structures will  be  refocussed 
on  the  use  of  the  new  Reaction  Wall  facility.  This  installation  is unique  in 
Europe,  fully  complementary  with  other  means  of  research  in  Member 
States, and a multinational  programme for its utilisation has been agreed. 

9 

Other  significant  activities with  national  participation  are  performed  in the  areas 
of  life prediction  of structures and the evaluation of their lifetime in service. 

Seen  as  a  whole,  these  activities  are  related  to  the  IRDAC  initiative  to  trigger 
enhanced community  research in prenormative fields. 

17. 

the 
In  the  field  of  Environment. 
implementation  of  Community  environment  policy  are  envisaged  in  three 
areas: 

JRC  contributions  supporting 

Participation  in Global  Change Programmes; 

Technologies and  Engineering  for the Environment  and 

Research on Economic and  Social Aspects. 

In the  Global  Change  area, emphasis will  be placed on a strong  cooperation 
with  laboratories  and  institutes  in  the  Member  States  and  at  the 
international  level, the JRC contribution will mainly concern: 

Modelling  and  Air  Pollution  Transport; 

Air  Chemistry  linked  notably  to  the  fate  of  biogenic  and 
emissions; 

anthropogenic 

Biosphere-Atmosphere 

Interaction; 

Related  applications 
interactions  between 
It  is  furthermore  aimed  towards 
methods  applied  to  critical  components  of  global  change. 

the 
of  remote  sensing  which  will 
land  and  ocean  surface  parameters  and  climate. 
the  development  of  remote  sensing 

focus  on 

Activities  under  the  heading  of  Technologies  and  Engineering 
Environment  will mainly concern: 

for  the 

Environmental  Chemicals (migration  and  transformation  in  soil  and 
their  impact  on  çjround  water,  harmonization  of  analytical  methods 
for  water  analysis,  development  of  a  mobile  laboratory  for  in  field 
analysis  of  contaminants  in  soil  and  water,  characterization  of  algal-
blooms,  biomonitoring  of  environmental  chemicals,  trace  metal 
exposures  and  human  diseases,  risk  evaluation  of  environmental 
chemicals);  these  activities  will  notably  be  aligned  towards  chemical 
waste problems; 

The  further  development  of  techniques  and  systems  to  protect 
the 
environment,  more  specifically,  systems to  prevent  or  mitigate  process 
and  equipment 

failures  in  the  chemical  and  process  industry; 

Environmental  monitoring 
advanced 

techniques. 

through 

remote  sensing 

focussing 

on 

8-

A  major  concentration  of  new  and  existing  contributions  by  the  JRC to  the 
field  of  environment  should  be  achieved  by  establishing  w i t h in  the  JRC, 
together  w i th  the  European  Space  Agency  (ESA),  a  Centre  for  Earth 
Observation  (CEO).  The  JRC part  of  the  Centre  will  be set  up  through  active 
collaboration  between  the  relevant  Institutes,  i.e.  the  Institute  for  Remote 
Sensing  Applications,  the  Institute  for  Systems  Engineering  and  Informatics 
and  the  Environment  Institute. 

The  main  objective  of  this Centre  will  be to  provide  an effective  network  for 
the  full  exploitation  of  the  earth  observation  data  including  that  obtained 
by  spaceborne  sensors.  Its  activities  would  include  archiving,  processing, 
validation  and  standardization  of  global  environmental  data.  The  w o rk 
t he  ESA  a nd  n a t i o n al 
in  c o l l a b o r a t i on  w i th 
w o u ld  be  u n d e r t a k en 
organisations  and  would  help  to  provide  adequate  and  timely  information 
on  the  state  of  the  environment  as needed,  by  the  European  Environment 
Agency  for  example. The  establishment  of  the  Centre  would  require  a series 
of  preparatory  phases  beginning  in  1992  and  completed  w i th  prototype 
f o l l o w i ng 
implementations  in  1993-1994  aiming  at  full  operation  in  the 
programme  period.  During  the  preparatory  phases  1992-1994  of  the  CEO, 
the  Institutes  could  contribute  to  prototype  studies  based  on  thematic 
applications  (e.g.  o n g o i ng  projects  like  TREES,  OCEAN  a nd  MARS: 
Monitoring  Agriculture  w i th  Remote  Sensing)  in  order  to  fully  test  t he 
requirements  for CEO. 

Research  on  Economic  and  Social  Aspects  will  relate  essentially  to  risk 
management  and  conventional  industrial  safety such as the development  of 
decision  support  systems  for  plant  safety,  plant  emergency  management 
and territorial  risk  management. 

The existing work  on  Reliability,  Risk Assessment and  Accident  Management 
will  be  strengthened. 

Considering  the  interdisciplinary  character  of  safety-related  problems  and 
the  research  required  for  their  solution,  the  above  wori< 
t o g e t h er  w i th 
other  related  research  work,  should  give  rise  to  the  establishment,  w i t h in 
the  JRC,  of  a  European  Office  for  Safety  which  would  act  via  executive 
centres such as: 

t he 
a  Centre  f or  Accident  Analysis  focussing 
development  and  verification  of  reference  calculation  tools  in  those 
areas  where  the  complexity  and  nature  of  events  to  be  analysed 
demand  an harmonized  approach  in the Community  countries; 

its  a t t e n t i on  on 

a  Structural  Integrity  Centre  which  w o u ld  address  t he  accident 
prevention  issue  in  the  f o l l o w i ng  areas:  v a l i d a t i on  and 
f u r t h er 
i m p r o v e m e nt  of  construction  norms  and  standards,  s t r u c t u r al 
diagnostic  and  reliability  and  validation  and  h a r m o n i z a t i on  of 
inspection  procedures; 

an  A c c i d e nt  M a n a g e m e nt  C e n t re  w h i ch  s h o u ld  p r o v i de 
response/rescue  organizations  with  information  and  -esearch  results 
quickly  available  to  help  in  an  actual  emergency,  plus  t he  data 
acquisition  and  management  to  facilitate  post-accident  analysis  and 
m i t i g a t i o n.  One  area  of  p a r t i c u l ar  c o n c e rn  s h o u ld  be 
transportation  of  hazardous  material. 

t he 

11 

- 9-

In addition to  research, development  and support, the Office would  provide 
education  and  training  in  each  of  the  above  areas  and  establish  data 
collection, interpretation  and distribution facilities where  necessary. 

When  established, the  Office,  based  on  an  intimate  collaboration  between 
the  relevant JRC Institutes, would  become the point of contact and  common 
interface  for  national  organisations,  in  particular  public  authorities  and 
industries  and  for  support  to  other  Commission  services  including  DGs  V 
and XI. 

18. 

In  the  field  of  Nuclear  Fission Safety  contributions  are  envisaged  in  the 
following  areas  with  the  objective  of  enhancing  scientific  and  technical 
knowledge  in this field: 

Reactor  Safety; 

Sa feguards  and  Fissile Materials  Management; 

Radioactive  Waste Management  and 

Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety. 

Reactor  Safety 

The JRC activities will concentrate on : 

Accident  Prevention  Studies; 

Severe  Accident 
and 
concentrating  on  the  study  of  phenomena  using  the  FARO facility  at 
Ispra and  sharing  the  PHEBUS PFproject  at  Cadarache  (CEA -  France). 

Studies  participating 

in  risk  assessment 

Safeguards  and  Fissile Materials  Management 

The  Safeguards and  Fissile Materials  Management  research  activities will  be 
structured  into three  main areas: 

Development  of  Nuclear  Materials  Measurements; 

Development  of  Containment  and  Surveillance  Techniques; 

Integration  of  Safeguards  Measures. 

This research  conducted  in  networks of  collaborating  national  laboratories, 
underpins  and  provides timely  results on the  conception  of  new  techniques 
essential  for  the  fulfilment  OT the  Commission's  obligations  for  Safeguards 
in the Community  and the  agreement  with the  International  Atomic  Energy 
Agency (IAEA). 

Radioactive  Waste  Management 

JRC activities on radioactive waste management  have two objectives: 

to  support 
disposal  of  radioactive  waste  resulting 
directly  disposing  spent 
formations; 

the  present  strategy  of  Member  States,  which  aims  at  the 
(or 
geological 

fuel  reprocessing 
in 

fuels  considered  as  a  waste) 

from 

12 

10 

to  carry out  research on  management  strategies  which  may  lead  to  a 
diminution  of  waste  arising  in  future  fuel  cycle  installations, 
thus 
mitigating  the acceptability  problems of final  waste disposal. 

Actinides  in Nuclear  Fuel Cycle Safety 

It  is  proposed  to  continue  research  carried  out  thus  far  under  the  heading 
"Nuclear  Fuels and  Actinide  Research"  with  a  new  programme  entitled 
"Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety". 

Specifically,  the  programme  for  1992-1994  will  focus  on  the 
subjects: 

f o l l o w i ng 

Safety  studies of  nuclear  fuel  behaviour  (UO2 and  MOX)  at  extended 
burn-up,  under  transient,  off-normal  and accident conditions; 

Basic physico-chemical and solid state studies on ac: ^ides; 

Study of nuclear aerosols; 

Mitigation  of  the  minor  actinides  and  other  long-lived 
nuclides arising in the nuclear fuel cycle; 

radioactive 

Plutonium 
competence  in the  field). 

fuel  technology 

(minor  activity  aimed  at  maintaining 

19. 

In  the  field  of  Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion the  JRC  activities  will  be 
largely  oriented  towards  the  objective  of  improving  the  knowledge  base  of 
those  aspects  of  fusion  machines  w h i ch  are  r e l a t ed  to  safety  a nd 
environmental  problems  as requested  by  the  European  Fusion  Programme. 
The  most  significant  facility  for  this  purpose  at  the  JRC  is  ETHEL,  t he 
laboratory  for  handling  tritium  which  is  c  -rently  reaching  completion  at 
Ispra. 

The  JRC effort  will  be  focussed  on  the  Su 
namely: 

j rt  to  the  Next  Step  (NET/ITER), 

the 
acquisition  of  data  and  execution  of  tests  in  order  to  define 
methods  and  procedures  for  safe handling  of  tritiated  systems during 
operation  and  for storage and disposal of tritiated  wastes by use of  the 
European  Tritium  Handling  Experimental  Laboratory (ETHEL); 

contribution  to design and safety analyses ofin-vessel  components; 

development  of  tools and  procedures  for remote  operation  of  reactor 
components; 

evaluation,  testing  and  establishment  of  a  data  base  f  r  structural 
materials properties  and  nuclear  data 

Long term studies will  involve: 

development  of low  activation  materials; 

13 

11 

20.  The  JRC will  contribute  to  the  Human  Capital  and  Mobility  theme  of  the 

Framework  Programme by providing such opportunities as: 

for  training  and  new  perspectives 

research  centres  and  laboratories  participating 

for 
periods  of  attachment 
level,  selected  in 
promising  young  researchers,  notably  at  the  post-doctoral 
in 
agreement  with  national 
the  JRC has 
the  Human  capital  and  Mobility  Programme  and  with  whom 
established  collaboration. 
the 
to 
both 
training  and  mobility  of  young  researchers  in  Europe  and  to  the  creation 
and  consolidation  of  scientific  and  technological  cooperation  networks  of 
on 
research  teams  and  laboratories. 
advanced 
unique 
topics  and 
research 
experimental 

research 
facilities,  while  respecting  the  subsidiarity  principle. 

The  training  will  be  concentrated 

is  thus  contributing 

The  action 

access  to 

(mobility) 

requiring 

This  important  flow  of  research  trainees  will  also  be  offered,  during  their 
stay  at  the  JRC,  additional  opportunities  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
European  dimension  of  research,  Community  policies  and  a  multi-cultural 
environment,  which  is an  important  side benefit  much  appreciated  by  past 
and present JRC visiting researchers. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

21.  The  above-cited  Council  Resolution  (section  13  above)  formalized  work 
undertaken  by  the  JRC  as  "scientific  and  technological  support  for  the 
Commission", for  other  services.  In the  1988-1991  Multiannual  period, this 
group  of  activities  has  enjoyed  a  steadily  increasing  popularity  and,  with 
expenditure  for  the  period  estimated  at  131  Mioecu,  has  outgrown  the 
original  budgetary  predictions (120 Mioecu).  Much attention  has been  paid 
to  applying  the  customer/contractor  principle to  all work  undertaken  and a 
formal  contract  is drawn  up  between  the  JRC and  the  "client"  Directorate 
General  or Service for  all except the  most minor  matters.  The success of  this 
exercise  leads  to  the  conclusion  that  the  JRC  is  bringing  a  significant 
contribution  to  the  Commission's  much  larger  requirements  for  expert 
assistance and  consultancy.  The same tested  formula  will  be applied  to  the 
period  1992-1994 with emphasis on: 

the  reinforcement  of  the  customer/contractor  principle,  notably 
through  the  assurance that all foreseeable  multiannual  operations  are 
covered  by a multiannual  contract calling for  precise work  assignment 
and  accountability  with  the  customer  Directorate-General,  and  that 
major  multiannual  projects  are  covered  by  a  Council  Decision  or  by  a 
Commission  decision  upon  the  initiative  of  the  customer  Directorate-
General.  This is currently the case with  one project for the  Directorate-
General for Agriculture and the Statistical Office, while  plans are  under 
way  for  a  Commission  Decision  on  new  work  for  the  Safeguards 
Directorate  under the Directorate-General  for  Energy; 

conversely, a decision that other requests, mostly of a consultancy type, 
are  limited  to  those  of  a  clear  temporary  basis  and  for  which  a 
subsidiarity  principle could apply. 

Amongst the  new  activities for  1992-1994 are the operations of  a Centre  for 
Validation  of  Alternative  Testing  Methods (i.e. alternative  to  animal  tests in 
toxicology)  as  support  to  DG  XI  and  operations  of  on-site  safeguards 
laboratories as support to  DG XVII. 

14 

-12 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

22.  At the same time when  instituting  the other JRC activities, the  Council, in its 
Resolution,  believed  that  contractual  work  for  external  third  parties  should 
be  developed, thus demonstrating  the  customer/contractor  principle  under 
the  most  stringent  conditions  in  the  Community  and  in  world  scientific 
markets.  Although  the  initial  target  figures  have  proved  to  be  over-
ambitious  for  1988-1991  (52  Mioecu  compared  to  the  latest  estimate  of 
40 Mioecu  for  the  value  of  contracts signed during  the  period),  much  effort 
has  been  applied  and  from  the  feedback  received  from  JRC  customers, 
quality  and speed of service are considered to be of a high  order. 

The Commission attaches great  importance to the stimulation  introduced  by 
this measure, bringing, as it does: 

closer contact with the  "real world"; 

measure of one's own competitiveness; 

valorisation of existing  potential additional  income. 

A  new  target  has  been  set  for  1992-1994  and  to  achieve  it  the  JRC  has 
already  strengthened  its  marketing  efforts,  both  at  Institute  and  central 
levels.  Classical  marketing  activities, however,  are  not  enough; to  fulfil  the 
role of the JRC, it is of paramount  importance that the latter is perceived as a 
partner,  rather  than  a competitor,  amongst  national  research  laboratories. 
This concern calls for new  and  imaginative schemes for joint  marketing  with 
national  partners, as described in Section 25 below. 

EXPLORATORY RESEARCH 

23.  Another  new  group  of  activities  now  reaching  maturity  is  exploratory 
research,  previously  termed  "preparatory  research".  Projects  under  this 
heading  have the purpose  of: 

the  improvement  of scientific vitality and potential; 

the exploration of suitable and promising avenues; 

the testing of new  ideas or concepts on a small experimental scale; 

the  provision  of  additional  facilities for  visiting  scientists and  research 
fellows; 

the enhancement of the impact of industrial club activities. 

Due  account  of  the  value  of  this  task,  as  emphasized  by  the  Board  of 
Governors, is reflected  in the setting of levels of activity for  1c  ^.-1994. 

EXPLOITATION AND  DISSEMINATION  OF RESEARCH RESULTS 

2 4/  The  exploitation  and  dissemination  of  the  research  results will  continue  to 
be  performed  in  close  coordination  with  the  Directorate-General  DG  XIII 
"Telecommunications,  Information  Industries  and  Innovation".  Within  the* 
JRC  itself,  a  network  should  be  constructed,  linking  well-focussed 
information  centres (such as the Information  Centre for Advanced  Materials 

15 

- 1 3-

or  the  Actinides  Information  Centre).  This  network  could  be  extended  to 
include  one or several information  centre(s) for  prenormative  research i n: 

non-destructive  evaluation  techniques; 

structure  reliability  and codes of  practice; 

measurement devices for  pollution  control; 

and  indeed the  proposed Centre for  Earth Observation. 

Along  the same lines it is planned to  set up within  the  JRC a European  Office 
for  Safety  initially  comprising  the  following  units  (which  are  described  in 
Section 17;): 

a Centre  for  Accident  Analysis; 

a Structural  Integrity  Centre; 

an Accident  Management  Centre. 

The  exploitation  and  dissemination  of  research  results received  a new  scope 
w i th  the  Framework  Programme  1990-1994  and  1%  of  all  resources  were 
assigned to this.  The task  for  the dissemination  and valorisation  of  scientific 
results  is,  by  decision  of  the  Commission,  conferred  to  the  Directorate-
General  XIII. 

25.  Closely  related  to  the  exploitation  of  research  results  is  the  question  of  a 
possible  JRC role  in  product  or  process  innovation.  While  adhering  to  the 
view  t h at  an  i n s t i t u t i on  such  as  t he  JRC  should  c o n d u ct 
research 
predominantly  on  the  basis of  external  pull, a certain  amount  of  R&D  which 
has the  character  of  technology  push is reasonable.  Exploratory  research can 
be an important  source of  this. 

Innovative  R&D  requires  a  positive,  motivating  approach,  an  inventiveness, 
and  an  awareness  of  the  market  place.  Clearly  this  is  an  activity  more 
a p p r o p r i a te  to  industry's  involvement  in  product  d e v e l o p m e nt  and 
m a r k e t i n g.  Nevertheless,  there  is  scope  for  the  e n c o u r a g e m e nt  of 
innovative  R&D  in  the  JRC;  for  one  reason,  the  successful  outcome  of  an 
innovative  piece of  R&D which  eventually  becomes expressed  in the  form  of 
industrial  products, can attract an enormous amount  of  positive  publicity  for 
the Centre, and can generate  considerable  income. 

The  JRC  approach  should  be  to  encourage  creativity  and  the  maturing  of 
ideas  even  to  the  point  of  a  prototype  where  industrial  firms  may  become 
interested  in  picking  up  these  ideas  and  converting  them  into  profitable 
products.  This  approach  is  now  commonly  accepted  in  most  research 
organisations.  The  important  thing  here  is not  to  try  to  develop  innovative 
research  as  a  new  category  of  R&D,  but  for  management  w i t h in 
t he 
Institutes  to  spot  ideas  and  encourage  the  staff  to  develop  the  innovative 
potential  of  them. 

COMMON  RESEARCH FACILITIES 

26.  The  highly  specialized  and  in  some  cases  unique  facilities  of  t he  JRC 
constitute  one  of  the  most  important  assets  of  the  organization.  They 
represent  a considerable  investment and in some cases their  operations  are 

16 

14-

quite  costly, notably  in the  case of  the  nuclear  installations. Yet,  installations 
on  a  European  scale and  with  a  high  degree  of  speciality, which  contribute 
to  reduce duplications  in the  Community,  are an important  part  of  the  remit 
of  the  Centre  and  their  very  existence  may  be  one  of  the  driving  forces  for 
the  future. 

The  Board  of  Governors  therefore,  quite  naturally,  keeps  a  constant  watch 
on  the  use  and  further  development  of  the  specialised  facilities  of  the  JRC. 
Annual  reports  and  other  literature  from  the  JRC aimed  at  a  wider  public 
provide  detailed  information  on these facilities and on their  availability. 
For  strategic  planning  purposes  -  and  without  going  into  details  in  this 
chapter  - the following  guidelines  may be suggested : 

it  is a continuing  remit  of  the  JRC to  construct  and  maintain  specialised 
facilities provided  that: 

• 

• 

the  customer  base  for  the  facilities  is  properly  and  convincingly 
assessed  and  identified  at  the  time  of  conceiving  the  installation 
and throughout  its lifetime; 

;he  customer  base  is  the  same  as  for  all  other  JRC  activities: 
specific  research  programmes,  support  to  the  Commission  and 
contractual  work  for  external  third  parties.  Some  installations, 
however,  may  be seen as an element  of  the  Centre's  contribution 
to  economic and scientific  cohesion  in  Europe, but  here  again  the 
customer  base  must  be  clearly  identified  f or  t he  particular 
installation  in question. 

27.  A  separate,  but  related  issue,  is  that  of  JRC sites  offering  to  host  unique 
facilities,  built  by  national  or  private  organisations  but  conceived  as  "open 
shops", accessible  to  any  partner  inside  the  Community.  This applies  also  to 
facilities developed  as European  Joint  Ventures. 

JRC  sites  can  provide  these  " j o i n t"  facilities  w i th  appropriate  technical 
support  and  scientific  environments  but  w o u ld  not  intervene  in  t h e ir 
management, which  remains independent.  Visitors using these facilities  can 
benefit  from  other  services  of  the  JRC, for  instance  in  areas  of  training  and 
education. 

COLLABORATION WITH NATIONAL RESEARCH 

28.  The  JRC  should  c o n t r i b u te  to  t he  d e v e l o p m e nt  of 

i n t r a - E u r o p e an 
cooperation  and to the  harmonious  growth  of all regions of  the  Community. 
This  is  already  achieved  t h r o u gh  a  series  of 
i n f o r m al 
collaboration  agreements  w i th  national  research  laboratories  and  can  be 
further  developed  through  active  collaboration  w i th  public  and  private 
scientific  organisations  in  all  the  Member  States of  the  Community,  notably 
by hosting  at the JRC individual scientific visitors, grantholders and  seconded 
national  experts  and  by  setting-up  networks  of  associated  laboratories.  The 
collaboration  will  be  further  strengthened  by  the  participation  in  the 
Human  Capital  and  Mobility  Programme. 

f o r m al  and 

Some  of  the  agreements  concluded  w i th  national  laboratories  call  for  joint 
marketing  of  collective  competences  and  joint  execution  of  research  under 
contract  with  third  parties.  In  one  case this  has led  to  plans  for  setting  up  a 
European  Economic  Interest  Grouping  between  the JRC and  its  partners 

17 

-15 

comprising  national  research  laboratories  in  materials  research.  This  model 
should  also  be  followed  in  other  fields  and  could  lead  to  a  f u r t h er 
consolidation  of  the significant  and  effective  collaboration  between  the JRC 
and  its national  partners. 

A  complementary  way  of  strengthening  the  interaction  w i th  national 
research  to  be considered  could  be to extend  JRC activities to  other  locations 
than  the  current  four sites. 

A  straightforward  extension  according  to  the  pattern  adopted  for  the  four 
existing  sites,  i.e.  full-bred  new  establishments,  w o u ld  raise  difficulties, 
notably  from  a  financial  and  human  resources'  point  of  view.  New  sites 
which  would  follow  the  current  concept,  would  further  strain  the  limited 
personnel  and  budgetary  resources  of  the  JRC by  adding  significantly  to  its 
overheads. 

On  the  contrary,  one  should  consider  a  new  approach,  i.e.  the  creation  of 
JRC Outposts,  working  in  strong  synergy  with  host  laboratories  in  Member 
States.  Such  outposts  should  be  based  on  a  strong  motivation  and  mutual 
interest  from  both  the  JRC  and  the  host  laboratory  to  conduct  research 
activities  together.  They  should  be  created  jointly  by  t he  JRC  and  a 
Government,  a  Region  or  a  Science  Park,  the  host  authorities  bearing  the 
burden  of  infrastructure  and  subsequent  running  costs while  JRC assigns  a 
full team of  researchers and finances the scientific specific credits. 

A JRC outpost  could  be created  in  a flexible  way  for  a given  period  of  time  -
for  the  duration  of  joint  experiments, for  example  - or  on  a more  long-term 
basis.  The  level  of  its staffing  should  be  strictly  determined  by  the  research 
requirements  in  each  particular  case,  and  may  vary  in  time.  Therefore, 
contrary  to  the  case  for  the  already  established  sites,  there  will  be  no 
concern  for  maintaining  a  minimum  (and  rather  high)  staff  level  to  secure 
proper  continuity  and significance  of  the operations.  The JRC, in providing a 
research  team  for  an  outpost,  would  not  only  bring  a  new  dimension  of 
challenge  to  the  researchers  of  the  Centre,  but  would  also  offer  a  new 
means  of  increasing  mobility  and  w o u ld  therefore  secure  the  effective 
transfer  of  knowledge  between the JRC and national  research  communities. 

In  all  cases,  the  tightest  synergy  with  a  well-established  national  activity 
would  be mandatory  for the success of the  operation. 

Overall, an active outpost  policy  is felt to  be a new way  of  strengthening  the 
ties  w i th  national  research  in  the  Member  States,  meeting  the  precise 
requirements  of  specific  regions,  transferring  the  European  vision  and 
approach  to  local  actors.  Implementation  of  this  policy  should  be  initiated 
early  in the  1992-1994 period. 

A BASE SCENARIO FOR JRC 2000 

29.  Following  an  exercise  to  establish  a  basic  plan,  the  JRC  management, 
together  with  the  Board  of  Governors,  has  elaborated  different  scenarios 
for  the  evolution  of  the  JRC up  to  the  year  2000.  These scenarios  recognize 
the continuation, on  a long-term  basis, of the current  modes of  operation: 

specific  research  programmes  under  the  Framework  Programme; 

scientific and technical support to  the Commission services; 

18 

16 

contractual work for external third parties; 

exploratory  research. 

Different  ratios  between  these  modes  of  operation  have  been  considered, 
going  from  the  present  mix  to  mixes where  support  to  the  Commission  or 
alternatively  contractual  work  for  external  third  parties  become  the 
predominant  activity of the JRC. 

30.  The  conclusion  of  these  discussions  favoured  an  evolution  towards  a  JRC 
with  a  larger  emphasis on the  activity  of  scientific  and  technical  support  to 
the  Commission. 
It  finds  its  justification  in  the  growing  complexity  and 
scope of scientific and technical  issues to  be faced  by the Commission for  the 
implementation  of  Community  policies  in  the  1990's.  This  will  imply 
recourse to  a wide  range of competent  bodies such as national  or  European 
organisations,  specialised  agencies,  including  the  JRC  more  closely  linked 
than  ever  to  Directorates-General  responsible  for  policy  formulation  and 
implementation.  An  increase in real terms by about  30%  for the  1992-1994 
period  from  the  1991  level  of  Support  to  the  Commission  activities 
represents this trend. 

Another  feature  of  the  scenario  is a  JRC which  maintains  an  important  but 
decreasing  contribution  to  the  successive  Framework  Programmes  in  areas 
where  the  Community  truly  benefits  from  the  impartial  and  independent 
position  of  the  JRC  such  as  prenormative  research  on  materials, 
e n v i r o n m e n t al  research  and  t he  spectrum  of  safety  and 
risk 
assessment-oriented  research.  Furthermore,  the  Framework  Programme 
contributions comprise  recognized  central  functions such as safeguards  R & 
D  or  actinides  research  and  areas  responding  to  Treaty  obligations  (Central 
Bureau  for  Nuclear  Measurements).  These  contributions  are  joined  by  the 
important  horizontal  issue  of  human  capital  and  mobility  adding  to  the 
scope  of  the  Centre  as  a  training  ground  for  young  researchers  and 
the 
strengthening  its  collaboration  with  national  research.  All  in  all, 
Framework  Programme task from the  1988-1991 ratio of  69%  of the  totality 
of the JRC activities will diminish for the  1992-1994 period. 

Contractual  work  for  external  third  parties,  with  inclusion  of  the  new 
modalities of  collaboration  with  national  research laboratories (see sections 
22  and  28),  should  continue  to  represent  a  notable  task  of  the  JRC  in  the 
medium-term and in the  long-term over the planning  horizon, and  certainly 
account for some  15-20%  of the total activities of the Centre. 

Finally,  a  relatively  modest  but  not  negligible  share  of  the  total  activities 
must continue to be devoted  to  exploratory  research which  is most essential 
for  maintaining  the  scientific  vitality  of  the  Centre  and  to  ensure  its 
availability  to  take  up  new  scientific  challenges  in  line  with  foreseen  new 
demands. 

The  described  proposals  in  the  present  document  are  elaborated  as a  first 
step towards the  realisation of this base scenario for JRC 2000. 

19 

JIG. Q-

CHAPTER II 

ORGANISATION 

AND 

RESOURCES 

20 

-17 

ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES 

STRUCTURE 

The Commission  intends to  maintain the recently developed  structure of  the 
JRC  Institutes  for  the  1992-1994  Programme  period,  the  present  structure 
being considered  adequate. 

An  issue  which  requires  constant  attention  is the  achievement  of  a  proper 
balance  between  excessive  centralisation  and  complete  decentralisation. 
Central  functions should only  remain when  there  is an economic  advantage 
in  terms  of  staff  or  budget,  when  coherence  with  general  rules  must  be 
monitored  and  implemented  and when the corporate  image of  the JRC is at 
stake. 

3. 

4. 

Equally, the  proper  interface  between  the  Institutes is a matter  for  constant 
surveillance  particularly  during  periods  where  new  programmes  are  under 
consideration.  In general, it will  never  be possible to  reach a state  in  which 
there  is no  need  for  Institutes  to  collaborate  nor  would  that  be  desirable. 
The important  issue is that of collaboration  and maintenance  of a  collegiate 
concern  in those  projects, where  a collaboration  is necessary  and  to  ensure 
that the definition  of  responsibilities is completely  clear. 

The  increasing  autonomy  of the  Institutes has as a corollary,  notably  for  the 
Ispra  based  ones, a wish to  perform  a greater  degree  of  the  administration 
themselves.  Conversely,  they  will  draw  less  on  the  central  administrative 
services.  The  first steps towards  these  ends have  already  been  taken  in  the 
financial  field.  All  in ail, this trend does promise savings and  rationalisation 
in the overall administrative services of the JRC. 

A new  management  accounting  system is currently  being  implemented.  Its 
purpose  is to  establish  the  true  cost  of  all  the  Centre's  operations  and  set 
their  correct  price.  This  in  turn  will  allow  the  Institutes  to  establish  better 
the  cost of all their activities, increase cost-awareness and provide a basis for 
a  wider  internal  customer/contractor  relationship  between  the  Institutes 
and the  internal central services. 

The already  established  Management  Efficiency  Unit should  contribute  to  a 
continuing  watch  that  the  general  services  of  the  JRC  provide  the  best 
possible  value  for  the  resources  available  and  contribute  to  the 
establishment  of  the  internal  customer/contractor  relationship  between  the 
Institutes and central services. 

At  Ispra,  the  implementation  of  the  new  structure  of  Institutes,  quite 
naturally  posed a series of  infrastructure problems which even now  are  only 
partially  solved.  Both  for  practical  and  psychological  reasons,  the  various 
components of each Institute should be physically grouped together as far as 
is possible and economically  feasible, thereby strengthening  their  individual. 
identities. 

21 

-18 

Table 1 - Financial Resources (in Mioecu) 
(all amounts are given in current values) 

Total JRC 
contributions* 

Central 
Bureau for 
Nuclear 
Measure 
ments 

Institute 
for 
Transuranium 
Elements 

Institute 
for 
Advanced 
Materials 

Institute for 
Systems 
Engineering 
and 
Informatics 

Environment 
Institute 

Institute 
for 
Remote 
Sensing 
Applications 

Safety 
Technology 
Institute 

Institute 
for 
Prospective 
Technological 
Studies 

Materials 

Working  Environment 

65.34 

11  88 

Measurement  and  Testing 

89.10 

62.37 

65.34 

4.95 

66.82 

36.63 

4.95 

8.91 

11.88 

16.83 

Environment 

Fission 

Fusion 

Human  Capital 

148.50 

164.34 

40.59 

24.75 

60.39 

11  88 

11.88 

2.97 

2.97 

2.97 

3.96 

: 98 

2.97 

Framework  Programme Total** 

544.50 

65.34 

63.36 

80.19 

58.41 

S&T Support  for the  Commission 

190.00 

4.00 

2 2 00 

1400 

39.00 

73.75 

47.00 

39.60 

37.00 

160.88 

18.00 

Contractual  Work  for 
External  Third  Parties 

68.00 

3.00 

10.00 

12.00 

12.00 

10.00 

4.00 

15.00 

1  98 

17.82 

33.17 

87.12 

16.83 

3.96 

2.97 

2.97 

9.00 

2.00 

Total 

802.50 

72.34 

95.36 

106.19 

109.41 

130.75 

80.60 

193.88 

13.97 

HFR Supplementary  Programme 

69.00 

69.00 

Grand Total 

871.50 

72.34 

95.36 

175.19 

109.41 

130.75 

80.60 

193.88 

13.97 

credits  for exploratory research are included in these figures 

the figures for Framework Programme activities are given after subtraction of  1 %  reserved 
for the centralised action of dissemenation and exploitation of research results 

to 

19-

FINANCIAL RESOURCES 

7. 

The  distribution  of  financial  resources for  the  1992-1994  Programme  period 
are given  in Table  1 (on  the  preceding  page) for  the  Framework  Programme, 
Support to  the  Commission  and  Contractual Work  for  External Third  Parties. 

The  fourth  activity  - Exploratory  Research  - will  be funded, after  approval  by 
the  Budgetary  Authority,  as follows: 

6%  of  the  Framework  Programme  Resources 
3%  of the  Support to the  Commission  Resources* 
3%  of  the  Contractual  Work  for  External  Third  Parties  Resources*  (outside 
HFR Supplementary  Programme) 

Table  2  below  provides  a  breakdown  in  percentages  of  the  JRC activities  in 
1992-1994 as compared  w i th  the  1988-1991  period. 

Table 2 

1988-1991 
Plan 
(1988) 

1988-1991 
Estimated 
outcome 

1992-1994 

Plan 

A. 

Specific Research  Programmes 

70.0 

70.7 

59 

Contractual  Work 

B. 
B.1  S/T Support to  the  Commission 
B.2  Work  for  external  public  or 

private  bodies (including  HFR 
supplementary  programme) 

Total 

12.6 
13.7 

26.3 

C. 

Exploratory  Research 

up to  3.7 

14.1 

12.4 

26.5 

2.8 

21 
15.5 

36.5 

4.5 

Total 

100.0 

100.0 

100.0 

The evolution  as proposed  here corresponds to  a gradual  transition  towards 
a distribution  in conformity  w i th  the  Base Scenario for  JRC 2000 described  in 
the first chapter  of the  present document  (Section 29). 

HUMAN RESOURCES 

8. 

During  the  period  1988-1991, the total  authorised statutory  staff  for  the  JRC 
has  been  fixed  at  2180  agents;  this  figure  has  been  used  for  the  staff  table 
which  is approved  for  each  budgetary  exercise.  Such  a figure  constitutes  a 
ceiling  which  has  never  been  reached  because  it  was  agreed  in  1988  to 
reserve  a  part  of  the  statutory  staff  credits  for  financing  visiting  scientists, 
seconded  national  staff  and  grantholders;  the  amount  set  aside  in  this  way 
corresponded  to  the  equivalent  of  financing  about  100 statutory  staff. 

9. 

For the  period  1992-1994, the  situation  will  be different.  Thanks  to  credits 
available  within  the  JRC part  of  the  Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

*  These  t wo  parts  of  the  Exploratory  Research  Resources  effectively  represent  incentives  for  the 

Institutes  to  increase their  activities  under  these  headings. 

23 

- 2 0-

programme,  young  visiting  researchers  will  be  paid  directly  by  the  specific 
programme  credits;  it  is foreseen  that  200 of  such young  visiting  researchers 
will  be  hosted  annually  at the  JRC for  the  period  1992-1994. 

10.  Senior  Visiting  Scientists  and  staff  seconded  from  national  organizations  in 
the  Member  States  will  still  be  financed  within  the  envelope  of  statutory 
staff  credits.  They  are estimated  at a total  of  30 to  40 per  year. 

11.  Taking  into  account  this  new  situation  as well  as the  level  of  credits  which 
can reasonably  be devoted  to  staff  expenditure  within  the  total  envelope  of 
JRC resources, it  is foreseen  to  reduce  the  level  of  authorized  statutory  staff 
to  2080  agents.  Such  a  reduction  responds  to  the  wish  of  the  European 
Parliament  to  see  a decrease  in  the  margin  between  the  authorized  ceiling 
and the  effective  level of  staffing. 

Early  Retirement  Measures 

12.  Following  the  encouragement  in  1988  by  some  Member  States,  the  JRC 
examined  w i th  the  Board  of  Governors  the  need  for  a  scheme  for  early 
retirements  of  JRC officials.  Taking  into  account  the  age  structure  and  t he 
scientific-technical  competences  necessary  for the development  of  the  JRC, it 
was  established  that  the  scheme  should  allow  for  30 departures  in  1992,  25 
in  1993  and  20  in  1994  of  officials  more  than  55  years  old  and  having 
accomplished  at  least  15 years  of  service, with  a  profile  taking  into  account 
the  needs of  the  JRC and  notably  at the  more  senior  levels.  The  Commission 
will  present  a separate  proposal  for this scheme. 

DECISION MAKING  AND  CONSULTATIVE STRUCTURES 

The JRC Board  of  Governors 

13.  As part  of  the  revitalisation  of  the  JRC (COM(87)491 final/2), the  Commission 
proposed  to  give  the  JRC Board  of  Governors  a more  influential  rôle  in  the 
decision  making  process  of  the  JRC.  In  particular,  it  is  recognised  that  the 
f or  f o r m u l a t i ng  and  carrying  o ut  research  a c t i v i t i es 
responsibility 
corresponding to  the  objectives of  the  Framework  Programme  should  be  the 
province  of  the  JRC  and  its  Board  of  Governors.  This  proposal  has  been 
implemented  by  the  Commission  in  June  1988  and  the  Board  now  plays  a 
central  rôle  in  JRC managerial  decisions.  The  Commission  has  expressed  its 
full  appreciation  of  the  Board's  work  and  does  not  propose  to  make  any 
changes to  the  current  arrangements. 

The Advisory  Committees  for the  Scientific  Institutes 

14.  Most  of  the  JRC Institutes  now  possess operational  Advisory  Committees  and 
t he  remaining  ones  will  be  established  very  shortly.  The  role  of  these 
t he 
Committees  is  to  ensure,  t h r o u gh  their  opinions,  t h at  the  w o rk  of 
Institutes  is geared  to  the  real  requirements  of their  customers and  users  and 
t h at  a high  scientific standard  is maintained  within  the  Institutes. 

Contacts  with  other  Bodies and  Advisory  Committees 

15.  Consultation  of  the  Economic and Social Committee  is obligatory  under  both 

the  EEC and  Euratom  Treaties. 

24 

- 2 1-

Under  the  EAEC Treaty,  Euratom's Scientific and Technical  Committee  (STC) 
will  continue  to  be  consulted  on  research  programmes  pursuant  to  the 
Treaty.  The STC will see that  the  themes selected for these  programmes  are 
geared  to  the  needs  of  the  customer,  who  in  this  case  is  essentially  the 
Community  at  large.  The  Committee  for  Scientific  and  Technological 
Research  - CREST - will  play  its role  of  Adviser,  both  to  the  Commission  and 
the  Council, in discussing the  place  of  the  JRC in the  overall  S & T  policy  of 
the  Community;  it  will  also  play  a  similar  role  to  that  of  the  STC  for  the 
nuclear  part, namely to ensure that the themes selected meet the  customer's 
(i.e. the Community) needs. 

For  the  JRC's  fusion  activities,  opinions  will  be  obtained  from  the  Fusion 
Technology  Steering  Committee  which  covers  all  Community  activities  on 
the subject. 

Close  coordination  will  be  maintained  with  appropriate  CGCs,  CANs 
(Committees  of  an  Advisory  Nature)  or  similar  committees  which  will  be 
systematically  provided  with  full  information  on  JRC activities  and  results. 
This  will  ensure,  where  necessary,  coordination  with  shared-cost  projects 
and  national activities in the same field. 

For  the  HFR  Supplementary  Programme  the  existing  ACPM  (Advisory 
Committee for Programme Management) will be continued. 

25 

SLA- a. 

CHAPTER  III 

PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL 
RESOLUTION AND DECISIONS 

26 

22 

COUNCIL RESOLUTION 

of 

concerning activities to be undertaken by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 

Having regard to the Commission's communication entitled ... submitted to the Council on ... 

Having  regard  to  the  Commission  proposals  concerning  specific  research  and  development 
programmes  to  be  executed  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre  for  the  implementation  of  the  third 
framework  programme  for  Community  activities  in  the  field  of  research  and  technological 
development (1990-1994). 

Whereas,  by  its  Resolution  of  29  June  1988°'  the  Council  defined  the  scope  of  activities  to  be 
undertaken  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre  and  indicated  an  estimation  of  the  Centre's  overall 
expenditure for the period  1988-1991; 

Whereas,  a  significant  contribution  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre  to  Community  research  and 
technological  development  policy  implies, in the  long term, the redeployment  of  its  fundamental 
and applied research activities; 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6. 

REAFFIRMS  the  Community  character  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  (JRC)  and  its  role  in 
achieving  the  Community's  aim  of  strengthening  the  scientific  and  technological  basis  of 
European industry and encouraging it to become more competitive; 

CONSIDERS  that  the  JRC is called  to  contribute  to  the  implementation  of  the  framework 
programme,  particularly  in those  fields in which  it  can offer  an impartial  and  independent 
expert opinion for the benefit of all Community policies. 

CONSIDERS that,  with  a view  to  contributing  to  the  objective  of  the  economic  and  social 
cohesion of the Community, the JRC should also develop practical and significant  initiatives 
to  reinforce  collaboration  with  the  research centres and laboratories  of  all  Member  States, 
thereby assuming the role of catalyst of European scientific integration; 

AFFIRMS  that  the  JRC  in  its  institutes,  next  to  its  task  of  executing  specific  research 
programmes  including  exploratory  research, should  have  an  increasing  task,  utilizing  the 
facilities and manpower  at its disposal, of  strengthening  and developing  its work  for  other 
Commission Services and contractual work  for external third parties in those areas, where  it 
is competent to do so ; 

URGES that  during the  1992-1994 period the objectives of the JRC as well  as its  expenditure 
should be defined in conformity with the annex. 

INVITES  the  Commission  to  include  appropriate  information  on  all  the  aforementioned 
categories of  activity in the annual implementation  report which it  is called  upon to  submit 
to the European Parliament and the Council. 

(1)  OJ No C 197. 27. 7. 1988, p 4. 

27 

23 

ANNEX 

Estimate of the Overall Expenditure of the JRC 
(1992 to 1994) 

Implementation of the framework  programme 
by means of specific research programmes and 
exploratory research: 

EEC research programmes 

EAEC research programmes 

(in million Ecu) 

339.57 

204.93 
544.50(,) 

Subtotal A 

Contractual Work 

Scientific and technological support 
for the Commission 

Work to be financed by external 
private or public bodies <*> 

190.0 

1370 
327.0 

871.5 

Subtotal B 

Total 

(*) 

(1) 

Note: HFR =  69 million Ecu 

An  amount  of  Ecu  5.5  million,  not  included  in  the  Ecu  544.5  million,  is  reserved  for  the 
centralized action of dissemination and exploitation provided for in Article 4 of  the Council 
Decision of  23 April  1990 concerning the framework  programme of  Community  activities  in 
the field of research and technological development ( 1990 to 1994) 

28 

-24 

Proposal for a 
Council  Decision 

of 

adopting specific research programmes to be  implemented 
by the Joint Research Centre for the 
European Economic Community (1992 to  1994) 

(../.../EEC) 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Economic  Community,  and  in  particular 
Article  130q(2)  thereof, 

Having  regard  to  the  proposal  from  the  Commission(1), 

In cooperation  w i th  the  European  Parliament'2', 

Having  regard  to  the opinion  of  the Economic and Social Committee13', 

Whereas  by  its  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC(4\  the  Council  adopted  a  third  Framework 
Programme  for  Community  activities  in  the  field  of  research  and  technological  development 
(1990-1994), specifying  in particular the activities to be pursued concerning enabling  technologies, 
the  management  of natural  resources and the  management  of intellectual  resources; whereas this 
Decision should  be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the preamble to that Decision; 

Whereas  Article  130k  of  the  Treaty  stipulates  that  the  Framework  Programme  is  to  be 
implemented  through  specific  programmes developed within each activity; 

Whereas  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  as set  out  in  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC,  is  called  on  to 
contribute  to  the  implementation  of  the  framework  programme  particularly  in  those  fields  in 
which  it  can  offer  an  impartial  and  independent  expert  opinion  for  the  benefit  of  all  Community 
policies; 

Whereas  the  Joint  Research Centre  can contribute  to  the  realisation of said actions, particularly  in 
the  fields  of  industrial  and  materials  technologies,  measurement  and  testing,  human  capital  and 
mobility  and in the field of the  environment; 

Whereas  in particular  these actions should  benefit  from the setting-up, within  the JRC, of  a  centre 
for  earth  observation  and of a European office  for safety; 

Whereas  the  Joint  Research  Centre  with  its laboratories  and  installations  can  provide  an  efficient 
point  of  assembly  for  the  training  of young researchers; 

Whereas  in  the  context  of  these  programmes  it  is desirable  that  an  assessment  be  made  of  the 
economic  and social  impact  as well as of any technological risks; 

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

OJNoC 
OJNoC 
OJNoC 
OJ No L 117, 8  5  1990, p. 28. 

29 

25-

Whereas  pursuant  to  Article  4  and  Annex  I of  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC, the  funds  estimated 
as  necessary  for  the  whole  Framework  Programme  include  an  amount  of  ECU  57  million  for  the 
centralized  dissemination  and  exploitation  of  results,  to  be  divided  up  in  p r o p o r t i on  to  the 
amount  envisaged  for  each specific  programme; 

Whereas  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC provides  that  a particular  aim  of  Community  research  must 
be  to  strengthen  the  scientific  and  technological  basis  of  European  industry,  and  to  encourage  it 
to  become  more  competitive  at  the  international  level;  whereas  that  Decision  also  provides  that 
Community  action  is justified  where  research  contributes,  inter  alia,  to  the  strengthening  of  the 
economic  and  social  cohesion  of  the  Community  and  to  the  promotion  of  its  overall  harmonious 
development,  while  being  consistent  w i th  the  pursuit  of  scientific  and  technical  excellence; 
whereas  the  Programmes  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  should  contribute  to  the  achievement  of 
these  objectives; 

Whereas  the  Board  of  Governors  of  •  * Joint  Research  Centre  plays a significant  part  on  one  hand 
in  the  administrative  ^aeration  of  the  Centre  and  on  the  other,  in  the  implementation  of  its 
research  programmes; 

Whereas  the Scientific  and Technical  Research Committee  (CREST) has been consulted, 

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 

Article  1 

The  specific  research  and  development  programmes  to  be  executed  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre 
for  the  European  Economic  Community  in  the  fields  of  industrial  and  materials  technology, 
measurement  and  testing,  environment  as well  as in  the  field  of  human  capital  and  mobility,  as 
defined  in  Annex  I,  including  exploratory  research  activities,  are  hereby  adopted  for  a  period 
running  from  1 January  1992 to  31 December  1994. 

1 

The  funds  estimated  as  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  programmes  a m o u nt 

to 

Article  2 

339.57 million  Ecu. 

2. 

An  indicative allocation of  funds is set out  in Annex II. 

Should  t he  Council  take  a  decision  pursuant  to  Article  1,  paragraph  4,  of  Decision 

3 
90/221/Euratom, EEC, this Decision shall be adapted  accordingly. 

Detailed  rules for  the implementation  of  the  programme  are set out  in Annex III. 

Article  3 

Article  4 

The  Commission  shall  each  year  before  31  March  submit  to  the  European  Parliament  and 

1 
the Council  a report  on the implementation  of  this Decision. 

2. 
This report  shall  be  accompanied  by  the  observations  of  the  board  of  governors.  The  latter, 
may  also  submit  through  the  Commission  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  a  separate 
report  on  any aspect of  the implementation  of  this Decision. 

30 

26 

Article  S 

Research  carried  out  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre  w i ll  be  evaluated  by  a  g r o up  of 

1 
independent  external  experts  set  up  by  the  Commission  after  consulting  the  board  of  governors. 
A report  on the subject shall  be established at the end of the programmes. 

The  evaluation  report,  accompanied  by  the  opinion  of  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint 

2 
Research Centre, shall be transmitted  by the Commission to Parliament and the Council. 

Article  6 

The  reports  referred  to  in  Articles  4  and  5 shall  be  established  having  regard  to  the  objectives  set 
out  in  Annex  I to  this  Decision  and  in  accordance  with  Article  2  (4),  of  Decision  90/221/Euratom, 
EEC. 

Article  7 

1 
The  Commission,  assisted  by  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  shall  be 
responsible  for  carrying  out  this  Decision  and  to  that  end  shall  call  upon  the  services  of  the  Joint 
Research Centre in which is vested the responsibility for the formulation  and execution of  research 
activities  responding to the objectives of the Framework  Programme. 

2. 
The  Commission,  in  cooperation  with  the  board  of  governors,  shall  ensure  periodical 
consultation  with  relevant  Committees  to  ensure  coordination  between  shared  cost  actions  and 
those  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  in  the  same  areas  with  the  aim  of  ensuring  a  coherent 
approach. 

The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors. 

Article  8 

Art»c/e 9 

The  Commission  is  authorized  to  negotiate,  in  accordance  with  Article  130n  of  the  Treaty, 
international  agreements  with  third  country  members of  COST, in particular  member  countries  of 
the  European  Free  Trade  Association  (EFTA)  and  Central  and  Eastern  European  Countries, with  a 
view  to associating them with all or part of the programmes. 

This decision is addressed to the Member States. 

Article  W 

Done  at 

For the Council 

The President 

31 

-27 

ANNEX I 

Scientific and technical  objectives 

The  specific  research  programmes,  executed  for  the  EEC,  fully  reflect  the  approach  embodied  in 
the  Third  Framework  Programme  in terms of  the  scientific  and  technical  goals and  the  underlying 
aims which it pursues. 

Paragraphs  2a and c, 3a, b and d and  6 of Annex  II of  the  Framework  Programme  form  an  integral 
part of  the present JRC multiannual  programme. 

The  following  presents a summary  of  the  objectives  of  the  programmes  based  on  and  taking  into 
account  the above elements. 

I. 

Enabling  Technologies 

2. 

industrial and Materials  Technologies 

The  objective  is  to  provide  a  contribution  to  the  strengthening  of  European 
industry  and  its  working  environment  by  extending  its  scientific  base  through 
research  and  development  work.  Next  to  basic  technological  research,  the 
emphasis  will  be  on  the  acquisition  of  the  scientific  and  technical  knowledge 
needed  in order  to  establish standards and  codes of  good  practice  facilitating  the 
transfer  of  technologies,  and  the  harmonization  of  methods  of  measurement  and 
testing. 

Working  environment:  this  activity  will  be  devoted  to  pre-normative  research  on 
subjects  such  as  toxicology  and  occupational  health,  occupational  accident 
research  and  risk  prevention  in collaboration  with  national  research  and  with  the 
aim  of  assuring  the  transfer  of  new  knowledge  to  Community  and  national 
regulatory  authorities. 

Materials:  Research  will  be  oriented  towards  areas  which  all  have  a  strong 
prenormative  dimension  and  represent  important  enabling  technologies  for  a 
whole  range  of  advanced  industrial  applications.  Projects  have  the  objective  of 
helping  to  ensure  that  Community  manufacturing  industry  has  better  access to  a 
range  of  cost-effective,  well-characterized  advanced  materials  and  that  these 
materials  are  incorporated  into  high  performance  components.  The  activity  also 
provides a  focal  point  for  the  exchange  of  information  on  prenormative  research 
on advanced  materials.  The  research supported  by unique  facilities  at  the  JRC will 
be  conducted  in  close  contact  with  manufacturing  and  user  industries  and 
furthermore  aim  at  supporting  wider  European  and  International  standardisation 
efforts in the vast field of new materials. 

Measurement  and  testing:  this  centres  around  activities  in  both  the  nuclear  and 
non-nuclear  field  of  Reference  Materials  and  Measurements  carried  out  by  the 
Central  Bureau  for  Nuclear  Measurements.  Research in the growing  application  of 
these  specialized  techniques  to  non-nuclear  areas  will  capitalize  on  existing 
experimental  facilities  including  the  particle  accelerators.  The  objective  is  to 
ensure the  availability  of  up to date  methods  and  reference  materials  for  industry, 
standardisation  bodies  and  national  and  Community  authorities.  A  similar 
objective  will  be  the  pursuit  of  specific  prenormative  research  activities  in  the 
fields  of  Reliability  of  Structures,  notably  oriented  towards  the  building  and 
construction  industries,  in  extensive  collaboration  with  national  research  and 
focussing  both  on  theoretical  models  and  exploitation  of  experimental  facilities, 
and  on  a  lesser  scale,  in  renewable  Energies  (Photovoltaic)  centred  around  the 
existing facilities for testing and measurement. 

Q  9 

5) 

28 

il 

Management  of  Natural  Resources 

3 

Environment 

The  objective  is  to  provide  a  contribution  to  the  scientific  knowledge,  technical 
know-how  and  data  needed  by  the  Community,  in  particular  to  carry  out  its  role 
w i th  regard  to  the  environment,  as spelt out  in Title VII of  the  EEC Treaty,  and  w i th 
particular  emphasis on prenormative  work. 

Protection  of  the  environment:  prenormative  research  on  atmospheric  chemistry, 
m o d e l l i ng  of  air  p o l l u t i on  t r a n s p o r t,  research  on  b i o s p h e r e - a t m o s p h e re 
interaction,  notably  as  a  contribution  to  the  global  change  programmes,  in 
collaboration  w i th  national  research.  Development  of  techniques  and  systems  to 
protect  and  rehabilitate  the  natural  environment,  w i th  emphasis  on  engineering 
and  techniques  for  monitoring  the  environment,  and  research  on  treatment  of 
toxic  waste, of  contaminated  soils and of waste  water 

Acquisition,  validation,  storage  of  data  relevant  to  the  above  research,  and 
making  such data  available  to  public  and private  bodies. 

Applications  of  remote  sensing:  research,  w i th  development  of  techniques 
f or 
applications  of  data  derived  from  earth  observation  satellites,  on  environmental 
mapping  and  monitoring,  particularly  of  less  favoured  areas  of  the  Community. 
Application  of  similar  techniques  as a contribution  to  global  change  programmes 
w i th  emphasis on the  monitoring  of  marine  environment  and  on  processes  related 
to  large  scale  changes  in  terrestrial  ecosystems.  Development  of  a  series  of 
advanced  techniques,  their  technologies  and  engineering,  for  use  in  connection 
w i th  the  exploitation  of  new  earth  observation  systems,  including  microwave 
remote  sensing, imaging spectroscopy  and data  processing 

The  research  on  environmental  technologies  and  engineering  will  underpin  the 
contribution  to  the  European  Environment  Agency  w i th  development  of  new 
instruments  and  t r i al 
t he  h a r m o n i z a t i on  of  m e t h o ds  of 
measurement  and to  intercalibration. 

techniques,  to 

The  research  and  application  of  remote  sensing  techniques  will  be  performed  in 
collaboration  w i th  national  research  and  users,  and  in  collaboration  w i th 
the 
European Space Agency. 

The above-described  data-oriented  activities will  be concentrated  around  a  Centre 
for  Earth  Observation  to  be  established  in  harmony  w i th  the  European  Space 
Agency  and  national  organisations  w i th  the  aim  of  providing  adequate  and  timely 
i n f o r m a t i on  on  the  state  of  the  environment.  The  preparatory  phases  and 
p r o t o t y pe  i m p l e m e n t a t i on  for  this  Centre  are  included  in  t he  1992-1994 
programme  period 

Industrial  hazards:  prenormative  research  on  reliability  of  systems  and  on  studies 
of  the  assessment  and  management  of  technological  risks,  including  use  of 
experimental  facilities  for  assessing such risks and investigating  accidents.  This  will 
include  the  development  of  decision  support  systems  for  plant  safety,  plant 
emergency  management  and  territorial  risk  management. 
In  order  to  accelerate 
the  interaction  w i th  national  research  and  facilitate  the  transfer  of  knowledge  to 
industry  and national  and  Community  authorities,  there will  be established,  w i t h in 
the  JRC,  a  European  Office  for  Safety  acting  initially  t h r o u gh  three  executive 
centres  for  accident  analysis,  accident  management  and  structural  integrity,  t he 
latter  w i ll  also  draw  upon  the  research  performed  under  measurement  and 
testing. 

v o 

29 

6. 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

The  objective  is  to  provide  a  particular  contribution  to  help  increase  the  human 
capital  in  terms  of  research  and  technological  development,  which  the  Members 
States  will  be  needing  for  the  next  decade,  and  to  focus  on  the  interaction  and 
collaboration  between  national  teams  and  laboratories  in  all  Member  States  and 
the JRC. 

Actions  will  be  chiefly  aimed  at  training  young  researchers  embarking  on  careers 
in  research  and  t e c h n o l o g i c al  d e v e l o p m e nt  by  o f f e r i ng  t h em 
t e m p o r a ry 
attachment  to  the  JRC institutes  and  embedding  them  in  research  teams  w o r k i ng 
in  collaboration  w i th  national  teams  and  laboratories  in  all  Member  States  on 
projects  both  of  a  theoretical  nature  or  on  the  utilization  of  existing  or  new 
experimental  facilities.  A  particular  emphasis will  be paid  to  the  mobility  between 
the  national  teams  and  laboratories  and  the  JRC  institutes  w i th  concertation  on 
the  choice  of  joint  projects  w i t h in  the  area  of  research  of  the  national  teams  and 
laboratories  and  the  JRC  and  a  j o i nt  selection  mechanism 
the  y o u ng 
researchers to  benefit  from  the scheme. 

for 

While  encompassing  collaboration  w i th  all  Member  States, account  must  be  taken 
of  demographic  factors  and  of  the  research  and  training  structures  peculiar  to  the 
various States, to  help each of  them  to  acquire the best possible capabilities. 

34 

30 

ANNEX  II 

Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with  indicative 
breakdown of expenditures for the period 1992-1994 

I. 

ENABLING  TECHNOLOGIES 

2 

Industrial  and Materials  Technologies 

Industrial  and materials  technologies 

77.22 million Ecu'" 

Measurement  and Testing 

89.10 million Ecu11' 

II 

MANAGEMENT  OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

3 

Environment 

Environment 

III-  MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES 

6 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

148.50 million  Ecu0' 

Human Capital  and Mobility 

24.75 million  Ecu0' 

TOTAL 

339.57 million Ecu<2' 

( 1 )  An amount  equivalent to 6%  of these amounts may be used for exploratory research. 

(2)  An  amount  of  3.43  million  Ecu  not  included  in  the  339.57  million  Ecu  is  reserved,  as  a 
contribution  from  the specific  programmes of the  present decision, for the centralized  action 
on dissemination and exploitation of results. 

35 

3 1-

ANNEXIII 

Rules for implementing the programmes and activities 
for dissemination and exploitation of the results 

The  Commission,  assisted  by  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  shall 
implement  the  programmes  on  the  basis of  the  scientific  and  technical  objectives  and 
content described in Annex I. 

The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and 
technological development projects and accompanying measures. 

The projects shall be the subject of  research and technological  development  performed  in 
the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre). 

The  institutes of  the  JRC shall  endeavour,  whenever  feasible,  to  execute  the  projects  in 
proper  collaboration  and  in concert with  national  research bodies in the  Member  States. 
Particular  attention  will  be  paid  to  associations  with  industry,  notably  with  small  and 
medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects.  In the same way, 
research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international  agreements 
with  the  European  Community  in  accordance  with  Article  130n of  the  Treaty,  may  also 
collaborate on the projects. 

4. 

The accompanying measures shall include: 

the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences; 

the  activities  of  internal  coordination,  including  the  organization  of  particular 
internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common 
interface to the users of and partners in the projects; 

the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity; 

a system for information exchange; 

the promotion of the exploitation of the research results 

the  scientific  and  strategic  independent  evaluation  of  the  performance  of  the 
projects and the programmes. 

5 

The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of  the projects will be 
done  on  the  one  hand  by  the  programmes  themselves,  and  on  the  other  hand  by  the 
centralized action as described in Artid  4, paragraph 3 of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC. 

36 

- 3 2-

Proposal  for a 
Council  Decision 

of 

adopting  specific  research programmes  to  be  implemented 
by the Joint  Research Centre for  the 
European  Atomic  Energy Community  (1992 to  1994) 

(.../.../Euratom) 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Atomic  Energy  Community,  and  in 
particular  Article  7  thereof, 

Having  regard  to*the  proposal  from  the  Commission  submitted  after  consultation  of  the  Scientific 
and  Technical  Committee11', 

Having regard  to  the opinion  of  the  European  Parliament12', 

Having regard  to the opinion  of  the  Economic  and Social  Committee13', 

Whereas  by  its  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC'4',  the  Council  a d o p t ed  a  t h i rd  F r a m e w o rk 
Programme  for  Community  activities  in  the  field  of  research  and  technological  development 
(1990-1994),  specifying  in  particular  the  activities  to  be  pursued  concerning  the  management  of 
natural  resources;  whereas  this  Decision  should  be  taken  in  the  light  of  the  grounds  set  out  in  the 
preamble  to that  Decision; 

Whereas,  for  activities  falling  under  the  EAEC Treaty, Article  2 of  the  Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC 
provides  for  the  implementation  of  the  third  Framework  Programme  t h r o u gh  programmes 
adopted  in accordance w i th  Article  7 of  the said  Treaty; 

Whereas  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  as  set  out  in  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC,  is  called  on  to 
contribute  to  the  implementation  of  the  framework  programme  particularly  in  those  fields  in 
which  it  can offer  an  impartial  and  independent  expert  opinion  for  the  benefit  of  all  Community 
policies; 

Whereas  the  Joint  Research Centre  can contribute  to  the  realisation  of  said actions,  particularly  in 
the  fields  of  research  in  nuclear  fission  safety  and  controlled  thermonuclear  fusion,  especially 
concerning  prenormative  aspects; 

Whereas  in  the  context  of  these  programmes  it  is  desirable  that  an  assessment  be  made  of  the 
economic  and social impact  as well  as of  any technological  risks; 

Whereas  pursuant  to  Article  4  and  Annex  I of  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC, the  funds  estimated 
as necessary  for  the  whole  Framework  Programme  include  an  amount  of  ECU  57  million  for  the 
centralized  dissemination  and  exploitation  of  results,  to  be  divided  up  in  p r o p o r t i on  to  the 
amount  envisaged for each specific  programme; 

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 
(4) 

OJNoC 
OJNoC 
OJNoC 
OJ No L 117, 8. 5  1990, p. 28. 

37 

33 

Whereas  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC provides  that  a particular  aim  of  Community  research  must 
be  to  strengthen  the  scientific  and  technological  basis of  European  industry,  and  to  encourage  it 
to  become  more  competitive  at  the  international  level;  whereas  that  Decision  also  provides  that 
Community  action  is justified  where  research  contributes,  inter  alia,  to  the  strengthening  of  the 
economic  and  social  cohesion  of  the  Community  and  to  the  promotion  of  its  overall  harmonious 
development,  while  being  consistent  w i th  the  pursuit  of  scientific  and  technical  excellence; 
whereas  the  Programmes  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  should  contribute  to  the  achievement  of 
these  objectives; 

Whereas  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  plays  a significant  part  on  one  hand 
in  the  administrative  operation  of  the  Centre  and  on  the  other,  in  the  implementation  of  its 
research  programmes; 

HAS ADOPTED  THIS DECISION: 

Article  1 

The  specific  research  and  development  programmes  to  be  executed  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre 
for  the  European  Atomic  Energy  Community  in  the  fields  of  research  in  nuclear  fission  safety  and 
controlled  nuclear  fission,  especially  concerning  prenormative  aspects,  as  defined  in  Annex  I, 
including  exploratory  research  activities,  are  hereby  a d o p t ed  for  a  p e r i od  r u n n i ng 
f r om 
1 January  1992 to  31 December  1994. 

Art/c/e2 

The  funds  estimated  as  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the  programmes  a m o u nt 

1 
ECU 204 93  million. 

to 

2 

An  indicative  allocation  of  funds is set out  in Annex II. 

Should  the  Council  take  a  decision  pursuant  to  Article  1 (4),  of  Decision  90/221/Euratom, 

3 
EEC, this Decision shall  be adapted  accordingly. 

Detailed  rules for  the implementation  of  the  programmes  are set out  in Annex  III. 

Article  3 

Article  4 

The  Commission  shall  each  year  before  31  March  submit  to  the  European  Parliament  and 

1 
the  Council  a report  on the implementation  of  this Decision. 

This report  shall  be  accompanied  by  the  observations  of  the  board  of  governors.  The  latter 
2. 
may  also  submit  through  the  Commission  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the  Council  a  separate 
report  on  any aspect of  the  implementation  of  this Decision. 

Article  5 

1. 
Research  carried  out  by  the  Joint  Research  Centre  w i ll  be  evaluated  by  a  g r o up  of 
independent  external  experts  set  up  by  the  Commission  after  consulting  the  board  of  governors. 
A  report  on  the subject shall  be established  at the end of the  programmes. 

38 

34 

The  evaluation  report,  accompanied  by  the  opinion  of  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint 

2 
Research Centre, shall  be transmitted  by the Commission to Parliament and the Council. 

Article 6 

The  reports  referred  to  in  Articles  4  and  5 shall  be established  having  regard  to  the  objectives  set 
out  in  Annex  I to  this  Decision  and  in  accordance  with  Article  2  (4),  of  Decision  90/221/Euratom, 
EEC. 

Art;c7e 7 

1 
The  Commission,  assisted  by  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  shall  be 
responsible  for  carrying  out  this  Decision  and  to  that  end  shall  call  upon  the  services  of  the  Joint 
Research Centre  in which  is vested  the  responsibility  for the  formulation  and execution  of  research 
activities  responding  to objectives of the Framework  Programme. 

2 
The  Commission,  in  cooperation  with  the  board  of  governors,  shall  ensure  periodical 
consultation  with  relevant  Committees  to  ensure  coordination  between  shared  cost  actions  and 
those  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  in  the  same  areas  with  the  aim  of  ensuring  a  coherent 
approach. 

The Commission  shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors. 

Article  8 

Article  9 

The  Commission  is authorized  to  negotiate,  in  accordance  with  Article  101, second  indent  of  the 
Treaty,  international  agreements,  notably  with  third  country  members  of  COST,  especially 
member  countries  of  the  European  Free  Trade  Association  (EFTA)  and  Central  and  Eastern 
European Countries, with a view to associating them with all or part of the programmes. 

This decision is addressed to the Member States. 

Article  10 

Done  at 

for the Council 

The President 

39 

-35-

ANNEX 

Scientific and technical  objectives 

The  specific  research  programmes,  executed  for  the  EAEC, fully  reflect  the  approach  embodied  in 
the  Third  Framework  Programme  in  terms of  the scientific  and technical  goals and  the  underlying 
aims which it pursues. 

Paragraphs  5b  and  5c  of  Annex  II  of  the  Framework  Programme  form  an  integral  part  of  the 
present JRC multiannual  programme. 

The  following  presents a summary  of  the  objectives  of  the  programmes  based  on  and  taking  into 
account the above elements. 

II 

Management  of  Natural  Resources 

5 

Energy 

Nuclear  Fission  Safety:  the  aim  is  to  support  Member  States  in  the  fulfilment  of 
their  responsibilities  for  regulating  and  protecting  the  environment  and 
responding  to  Treaty  obligations.  The  particular  work  underlining 
t he 
prenormative  dimension  will  contribute  to  the  enhancement  of  scientific  and 
technical  knowledge  related  to  reactor  safety  by  the  conduction  of  accident 
prevention  research and  severe accident studies, participating  in the  development 
of  risk  assessment  methods  and  techniques  and  concentrating  on  the  study  of 
phenomena  by  using  an  existing  JRC experimental  installation  and  by  sharing  a 
In  the  area  of  safeguards  and  fissile  materials 
national  research  facility. 
laboratories 
management,  the  research  conducted  in  networks  of  national 
underpins  and  aims  at  the  provision  of  timely  results or  new  techniques  essential 
for  fulfilling  Treaty  obligations  for  safeguards,  as  well  as  those  of  the  Non-
Proliferation  Treaty.  Work  will  include  nuclear  materials  measurements, 
containment  and  surveillance  techniques  and  the  integration  of  safeguards 
measures.  JRC  objectives  in  the  area  of  radioactive  waste  management  are  to 
support  the  present  strategy  of  the  Member  States,  aiming  at  the  disposal  of 
radioactive  waste  in  geological  formations  and  to  carry  out  research  on 
management  strategies  which  may  lead  to  a  diminution  of  waste  arising  from 
future  fuel  cycle installations.  Research conducted  in  collaboration  with  national 
laboratories  will  benefit  from  existing  and  newly  constructed  experimental 
facilities. 

Activities  in  the  nuclear  fuel  cycle  safety  area  will  focus  on  safety  studies 
concerning  nuclear  fuel  behaviour,  basic  studies  on  actinides,  study  of  nuclear 
aerosols, together  with  the  mitigation  of  the  minor  actinides and  other  long-lived 
radioactive nuclides in the nuclear fuel cycle. 

Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion:  this  activity  is  intended  to  improve  the 
knowledge  base  and  technology  of  safety  and  environr  >ntal  aspects  of  future 
-nain  part  of  the  work 
fusion  machines  for  the  European  Fusion  Programme.  Tr 
will  be  in  support  to  the  Next  Step  (NET/ITER).  An  im 
rtant  feature  of  this 
programme  will  be  the  operation  of  the  ETHEL  Laboratory  for  the  experimental 
study  of  the  safe  management  of  tritium.  Other  support  to  the  Next  Step  will 
encompass design and  development  in specific technological  areas such as remote 
handling  of  in-vessel  components,  plasma-facing  components  tests,  data  base  for  ' 
structural  materials  properties  and  nuclear  data.  Long  term  actions  will  include 
low  activation materials research. 

40 

36 

ANNEX  II 

Amounts  deemed  necessary  for  specific  programmes  w i th  indicative 
breakdown  of expenditure for the period 1992*1994 

II.  MANAGEMENT  OF NATURAL RESOURCES 

5 

Energy 

Nuclear  Fission Safety 

164.34 million  Ecu'1' 

Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion 

40.59 million  Ecu0' 

TOTAL 

204.93 million Ecu'2» 

(1)  An  a m o u nt  equivalent  to  6%  of  these  amounts  deemed  necessary  may  be  used 

f or 

exploratory  research. 

(2)  An  amount  of  Ecu  2 07  million  not  included  in  the  Ecu  204.93  m i l l i on  is  reserved,  as  a 
contribution  from  the specific  programmes  of  the  present  decision, for  the  centralized  action 
on dissemination and exploitation  of  results. 

41 

37-

ANNEX III 

Rules for implementing the programmes and activities 
for dissemination and exploitation of the results 

1. 

The  Commission,  assisted  by  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre,  shall 
implement  the  programmes  on  the  basis  of  the  scientific  and  technical  objectives  and 
content described in Annex I. 

2. 

The rules for  implementing  the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise  research and 
technological development projects and accompanying measures. 

The projects  shall  be the  subject  of  research  and  technological  development  performed  in 
the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre). 

The  Institutes  of  the  JRC shall  endeavour,  whenever  feasible,  to  execute  the  projects  in 
proper  collaboration  and  in  concert  with  national  research  bodies  in  the  Member  States. 
Particular  attention  will  be  paid  to  associations  with  industry,  notably  with  small  and 
medium  sized  enterprises  in  collaborative  schemes around  the  projects.  In  the  same  way, 
research  bodies established  in  Third  Countries  having  concluded  international  agreements 
or  contracts  with  the  European  Community  in  accordance  with  Article  101, may  also 
collaborate on the projects. 

4. 

The accompanying measures shall include: 

the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences; 

the  activities  of  internal  coordination,  including  the  organization  of  particular 
internal  centres, which  ensure homogeneity  of  the  approach  and  a unique  common 
interface to the users of and partners in the projects; 

the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity; 

a system for information exchange; 

the promotion of the exploitation of the research results 

the  scientific  and  strategic  independent  evaluation  of  the  performance  of  the 
projects and the programmes. 

5. 

The dissemination  of  the  knowledge  gained  through  the  realization  of  the  projects will  be 
done  on  the  one  hand  by  the  programmes  themselves,  and  on  the  other  hand  by  the 
centralized action as described in Article 4 (3) of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC. 

42 

38-

Proposal for a 
COUNCIL DECISION 

of 

adopting  a supplementary  research programme to  be  implemented 
by the Joint  Research Centre for  the 
European Atomic  Energy  Community 

(.../.../Euratom) 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Atomic  Energy  Community,  and  in 
particular  Article  7  thereof, 

Having  regard  to  the  proposal  from  the  Commission  submitted  after  consultation  of  the  Scientific 
and Technical  Committee1", 

Having  regard  to the opinion  of  the  European  Parliament'2', 

Having regard to  the opinion of  the  Economic  and Social Committee'1', 

Whereas,  in  the  context  of  the  common  policy  relating  to  the  field  of  science  and  technology,  the 
research  programme  is  one  of  the  principal  means  whereby  the  European  Atomic  Energy 
Community  can  contribute  to  the  safe  use  of  nuclear  energy  and  to  the  a c q u i s i t i on  and 
dissemination of  information  in this  field, 

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION: 

Article  1 

The  supplementary  programme  on  the  operation  of  the  HFR  (high  flux)  research  reactor, 
hereinafter  referred  to  as 'the  programme',  of  which  the  objectives  are given  in Annex  I, is  hereby 
adopted  for  a period  of  four  years, starting on  1  January  1992. 

The  funds  estimated  as necessary  for  the  execution of  the  programme  amount  to  79.0 million  ECU. 
An indicative  breakdown  of  this amount  is given in Annex II. 

Article  2 

The  Commission,  assisted  by  the  board  of  governors  of  the  Joint  Research  Centre  (JRC)  shall  be 
responsible  for  carrying out the  programme  and, to this end, shall call upon the services o f t he JRC. 

Article  3 

(1) 
(2) 
(3) 

OJNoC 
OJNoC 
OJNoC 

mn 

39 

Article  4 

The Commission shall  decide on the  terms of  reference of  the board of  governors. 

Article  5 

The  Commission  shall  each  year,  before  31  March,  submit  to  the  European  Parliament  and 

1 
the Council  a report  on  the implementation  of  this Decision. 

2 
This report  shall  be  accompanied  by  the  observations  of  the  board  of  governors.  The  board 
of  governors  may  also  submit  through  the  Commission  to  the  European  Parliament  and  the 
Council  a separate report  on any aspect of  the implementation  of  this Decision. 

This Decision is addressed  to  the Member  States. 

Article  6 

Done  at 

For the  Council 

The  President 

44 

- 4 0-

ANNEX 

Scientific and technical objectives 

The principal objectives of the programme are: 

The  safe  operation  of  the  HFR  (High  Flux  Reactor)  in  Petten.  This  comprises  routine 
operation of the facility  for more than 250 days/year, fuel cycle management and safety and 
quality  management. 

Efficient  utilization  of  the  reactor  in  a wide  scope of  topical  sectors:  irradiation  testing  of 
materials  for  fission  reactors, as well  as for  future  thermonuclear  fusion  reactors,  neutron 
applications  to  solid  state  physics  and  materials  sciences  investigations,  radioisotope 
production and related activities, neutron radiography as a non-destructive testing method, 
and treatment  of  certain types of  cancer with  neutrons (BORON Neutron Capture  Therapy) 
and related research 

45 

- 41 

ANNEX II 

Indicative breakdown of resources for the HFR 

The resources to be contributed to the supplementary  programme are broken down as follows: 

Federal Republic of Germany: 
Netherlands: 

50% 
50% 

Other  resources are  provided  for,  in addition  to  the supplementary  programme, either  under  the 
heading  of  work  carried  out  as  part  of  the  JRC specific  programmes  or  under  the  heading  of 
contractual  work. 

The indicative breakdown is as follows: 

Supplementary  programme: 

(a) 

Exploitation of  reactor 

Federal Republic of Germany: 
Netherlands: 

34.5 million Ecu 
34.5 million Ecu 

(b) 

Preparation of experiments (studies, rigs, etc.): 

Federal Republic of Germany: 

10.0 million Ecu 

Netherlands: 

p.m.'1' 

JRC specific programmes and contractual 
work  for external third parties 

Total appropriations 

79.0 million Ecu + p.m. 

p.m. 

(1)  Work  to  be carried out  directly  by the  Netherlands, the equivalent  of  such work  valued  by 

the Commission at Ecu 10.0 million. 

tj^ {ry 

TECHNICAL ANNEX 

SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL 
WORK 

This work is presented Institute by Institute, 

47 

1 -

CENTRAL BUREAU FOR NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS (CBNM) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

The  activities  of  the  Central  Bureau  for  Nuclear  Measurements  (CBNM)  are 
dedicated to  the  promotion  of  European standards, reference data  and  materials 
needed  by  users in  the  nuclear  and  non-nuclear  fields.  In  the  nuclear  field,  the 
activities continue to fulfil the  obligations laid down  in the  EURATOM Treaty  and 
to  meet the  necessity to  maintain  in and  for  Europe  an  independent,  specialized 
institute for  prenormative  research on nuclear measurements. 

During  the years the Institute  has evolved  into a high-standing  laboratory  known 
worldwide  for  its  concept  of  the  search  for  the  true  value  with  the  highest 
accuracy possibly attainable with  reasonable efforts. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

The Institute's activities will be pursued in the following fields: 

preparation, characterisation,  certification  of  samples e.g.  bulk  samples  for 
targets  of  elements,  alloys,  compounds  as  reference  materials  for  nuclear 
and  other  industries  or  thin  layers  as reference  samples  for  electronic  and 
chemical  industry,  or  special  reference  biological  materials  for  trace  metal 
analysis; 

long-lived  or  stable  isotope  Mass  Spectrometry,  in  particular  for  the 
development  and application  of  Isotope Dilution  Mass Spectrometry  (IDMS) 
e.g.  for  improved  analysis in different  parts of  the  nuclear  fuel  cycle or,  for 
accurate  isotope  composition  or  ratio  measurement  in the  frame  of  atomic 
weight  determination  (National  Institute  of  Standards  and  Technology 
(NIST),  Physikalisch-Technische  Bundesanstalt  (PTB),  International  Union  of 
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)); 

nuclear  data  measurements  and  evaluation  applying  the  high  energy 
resolution  neutron sources available (Linear Accelerator  (LINAC), 7 MeV  Van 
de Graaf (VdG) e.g. fission, fusion and standard application neutron  reaction 
cross-sections,  upon  request  from  national  or  international  organisations 
(Commissariat  à  l'Energie  Atomique  (CEA),  Organization  for  Economic 
Cooperation  and Development (OECD), International Atomic Energy Agency 
(IAEA), EC Task Force for  "European Fusion File"); 

radionuclide  metrology  e.g.  for  intercomparisons  upon  request  from 
international  bodies  (Bureau  International  des  Poids  et  Mesures  (BIPM), 
International  Committee  for  Radionuclide  Metrology  (ICRM))  or  for 
application  in non-destructive testing of conditioned waste; 

applied  radiation  techniques  adapted  to  the  existing  accelerators  e.g.  for 
using  neutron  and  particle  beams  for  irradiation/radiation  damage  studies 
of  biological/semiconductor  materials  and  for  microbeam  analysis  of 
surfaces and reference aerosol filters; 

new  and  non-nuclear  activities are expected to further  develop  in the  fields 
of  chemical  analysis with  improved  accuracy  due  in  part  to  the  convincing 
potential  of  isotope specific methods  like  mass spectrometry,  of  microbeam 
analysis  of  surfaces  or  thin  layers  and,  in  particular,  in  the  field  of 

(7) 

48 

2-

applications of the  linear accelerator  for transition  or channelling  radiation. 
Indeed  the installation of a multipurpose equipment to generate X-rays with 
strongly  enhanced  intensity  in  the  few  keV  region  by  transition  radiation, 
and  the  production  of  hard  X-rays  in  the  100  to  300  keV  region  with  the 
intensity  concentrated  in  a  few  discrete  lines,  would  open  up  a  large 
potential  of  applications,  that  are  currently  under  investigation  at 
synchrotron  light  sources  (such  as  photoelectron  spectroscopy,  X-ray 
lithography,  EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, etc.). 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

CBNM's  work  falls  under  the  Framework  Programme  line  "Measurements  and 
Testing".  The  programme  is executed  under  the  heading  "Reference  Materials 
and  Reference  Methods"  to  be  broken  down  into  the  two  projects  "Nuclear  and 
Non-Nuclear  Reference  Materials"  and  "Nuclear  Measurements  and  Reference 
Methods". 

Reference Materials  and  Reference  Methods 

The  activities  backed  by  the  existing  and  modernized  large  facilities  on  site 
(LINAC, VdG, clean  lab, mass spectrometers, computer)  are  of  importance  for  the 
international  scientific/technical  research  communities  relying  upon  accurate 
data,  reliable  measuring  methods  and  basic  reference  data,  materials  and 
methodologies. 

For  fission  technology,  requests  are  related  to  data  evaluation  (Joint  European 
File  (JEF))  or  to  experimental  verification  of  fission  cross  sections,  of  inelastic 
neutron  scattering  cross  sections  and  of  resonance  parameters  of  structural 
materials  (Nuclear  Energy  Agency's  Committee  for  Reactor  Physics 
(NEACRP)/Nuclear  Energy  Agency s  Nuclear  Data  Committee  (NEANDC)).  For 
fusion technology, important  improvements are aimed at neutron data on tritium 
breeding,  nuclear  heating,  activation  and  radiation  damage.  These  items  are 
requested  by the  EC Task Force on Neutronics for developing the  European  Fusion 
File  (EFF)  to  serve  the  Next  European  Torus  (NET).  The  International  Thermal 
Experimental  Reactor  (ITER) project  in a worldwide  frame  (EC, Japan, USA, USSR) 
coordinated  by  the  IAEA  will  enhance  future  fusion  data  needs.  Radionuclide 
metrology  is dedicated to the  knowledge  of decay scheme data, special standards 
and the improvement  in the application of  methodologies. 

The  availability  of  high  quality  nuclear  Reference  Materials  (RMs)  to  the 
international  scientific  research  community,  industry  and  safeguards'  authorities 
will  be  guaranteed.  RMs for  Non  Destructive  Assay  (NDA),  solid  spike  RMs  and 
reactor  neutron  dosimetry  materials  need  refined  preparation  and  to  undergo 
characterization  and  certification  procedures.  The  p r e p a r a t i on  and 
characterization  of  special  nuclear  targets  and  samples  for  the  nuclear  data 
research activities will be pursued. 

In the  non-nuclear  field, the determination  of atomic weights will be aiming at an 
ultimate  accuracy.  The  new  clean-laboratory  facility  will  be  concerned  with  the 
development  and  application  of  isotope specific analytical  methods and  involved 
in  trace  element  determinations  in  complex  matrices.  Particle  Induced  X-Ray 
Emission  (PIXE)  spectroscopy,  IDMS  and  special  micro  and  trace  element 
determination  methods  will  find  appropriate  medical/biological  research 
applications.  The  PIXE  microbeam  technique  will  be  used  in  connection  with 
environmental/occupational  health  problems. 

CBNM,  in  addition  to  its work  on  nuclear  data  and  nuclear  reference  materials 
and  methods,  also  will  contribute  to  research,  development  and  certification 

49 

3-

work  of  non-nuclear  reference  materials  and  standards  f or  more  general 
application  in  industry.  This  is  done  partly  on  reauest  of  the  C o m m u n i ty 
Reference  Bureau  (BCR).  Other  work  to  be  executed  on  behalf  of  BCR  is  the 
organization  and  the  management  of  " r o u nd  r o b i n"  tests  and  the  storage, 
conditioning, bookkeeping  and distribution  of  various kinds of  reference  samples. 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

CBNM  has developed  into  an  world-wide  acknowledged  centre  of  excellence  in 
the  field  of  high  accuracy  measurements  that  attracted  senior  scientists  f r om 
many  countries  and  enabled  young  scientists  to  be  trained  by  research  on 
increasingly  non-nuclear  subjects. 

Particular  attention  will  be  devoted  to  the  exploration  of  the  potential  of  the 
high  performance  linear  electron  accelerator  (LIN£C)  for  the  training  of  young 
scientists  in  the  development  and  application  of  transition  or  c h a n n e l l i ng 
radiation  and  to  establishing  a  cooperation  network  that  started  already  w i th 
research  groups  in  Orsay  and  Lyon  and  is  expected  to  be  extended  to  research 
teams and  laboratories  in other  Member  countries as well. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

Support  activities  will  be  ongoing  in  the  areas  of  safeguarding  (DG  I:  IAEA  and 
DGXVII:  European  Commission's  Safeguards  Analytical  Measurements  (ECSAM)) 
and of  innovation  transfer  (DG XIII). 

Special aspects of the described  activities are: 

the  response to  international  requests and  needs; 

the  reference  character  and 

the  possible  use in support to  quality  control schemes. 

In  general,  on  the  basis  of  its  activities,  the  Institute  supports  t he  overall 
harmonization  policy of the  Commission  for the  realization  and the  consolidation 
of  the  internal  European common  market starting  in  1992. 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 

The  efforts  to  open  a  market  for  products  based  on  CBNM  expertise  (reference 
data  and  materials)  will  further  be  developed  despite  t he  expectation  of 
organizations  in  the  Member  States  to  receive  data  and  reference  materials 
(almost)  free  of  charge  in  recognition  of  their  countries'  contributions  to  the 
Framework  Programme. 

In  addition  to  the  sale  of  nuclear  reference  materials  for  analytical  measurement 
in the  fuel cycle and the  supply  of  various tailor-made  samples and target, there  is 
an  increasing  number  of  requests  for  the  preparation  and  characterization  of 
non-nuclear  samples, e.g. trace analysis in inorganic or organic  matrices. 

Applied  radionuclide  metrology  is increasingly  used , e.g. for  solving  problems  of 
radioactive  waste  management  or  for  the  determination  of  reactor  neutron 
fluences. 

Utilisation  of  accelerator  radiation  ("selling  beam  t i m e ")  f or  customers  is 
becoming  increasingly  i m p o r t a nt  by  irradiating  biological  or  new  (semi-

50 

-4 

conductor)  materials  in  well  defined  particle  beams.  Conventional  and  micro 
techniques for surface analysis are offered to industry and research institutes. 

Training  courses  on  CBNM  specific  subjects  (i.e.  isotope  mass  spectrometry, 
application  of  reference  materials,  quality  control,  metrology  and  data 
evaluation)  are  considered  to  further  promote  in  Europe  and  worldwide  the 
awareness of the necessity of using common reference data and materials. 

51 

INSTITUTE FOR TRANSURANIUM  ELEMENTS (ITU) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

Thanks to  its highly specialized  installations, to  the expertise of  its staff  and to  the 
fact  that  it  is in  possession  of  one  of  the  rare  licences to  handle  large  amounts  of 
radioactive  materials, the  Institute for Transuranium  Elements has a well  defined 
mission  and  can  be  considered  as  a  model  case  for  community  research. 
Its 
technological  research  programmes  deal  principally  with  nuclear  safety  matters 
(safety  of  nuclear  fuels, characterisation  of  radioactive  waste, nuclear  safeguards 
and  management  of  fissionable  materials,  safety  of  handling  nuclear  materials). 
It  collaborates  closely  with  a  large  number  of  academic  and  industrial  research 
establishments  in  Europe  and  overseas  and  performs  contractual  research  for 
industry  and services to the  Commission services. 

The  Institute  for  Transuranium  Elements  will  continue  to  be  one  of  the  f ew 
centres  in  the  world  where  general  knowledge  on  the  chemical  and  physical 
properties  of  the  transuranium  elements,  their  toxicity,  their  environmental 
effects  and  the  measures  to  bring  the  latter  under  control,  as  well  as  on  their 
technical  applications,  is  systematically  collected  by  specialists  in  the  field  and 
kept  readily  available for  broad  use by the scientific and technological  world. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

The  Specific  Research  Programme  of  the  Institute  for  Transuranium  Elements  will 
remain  entirely  nuclear-safety  oriented.  It  will  concentrate  on  the  Safety  of 
Actinides 
the  Nuclear  Fuel  Cycle,  the  name  of  its  1992-1994  Specific 
in 
Programme. 

While  fuel  development  work  for  advanced  power  reactors will  be decreased to  a 
minimum  level  (compatible  with  the  need  to  maintain  competence  in  the  field) 
and  studies  of  certain  aspects of  reprocessing  will  come  to  an  end,  investigations 
in  the  field  of  nuclear  waste  management  will  gain  considerably  in  importance, 
w i th  an  accent  on  the  characterisation  of  unprocessed  spent  fuel  waste  forms. 
Fuel  pin  codes  developed  in  the  past  years  at  the  Institute  will  be  applied  to  a 
wide  range  of  scenarios, and  theoretical  and  experimental  studies  on  the  fission 
product  inventory  (source  term)  and  on  release  mechanisms  will  be  stepped  up, 
partly  in conjunction  w i th  the  international  PHEBUS PF project.  The effect  of  high 
burn-up  on  the  life  expectancy  of  a  fuel  pin  is  of  large  interest  and  requires 
extensive  studies, especially  on the  evolution  of  fuel  chemistry  at  increased  Durn-
up (High  Burn-Up  Chemistry). 

Studies to  improve  and  automate  destructive  analytical techniques for  safeguards 
work  will  be  stepped-up  and  an  intensified  effort  applied  to  the  adaptation  of 
existing  methods  to  non-destructive  analysis  of  spent  fuel  for  fissile  material 
accounting  purposes. 

Taking  into  account the  ever  increasing  amounts of  transuranium  elements  which 
have  to  be dealt  with  year  by  year, the  study  of  their  basic  physical  and  chemical 
properties,  their  radio-toxic  p o t e n t i a l,  their  possible  interaction  w i th 
t he 
environment,  represents  an  important  aspect  of  the  nuclear  fuel  cycle  and  must 
be further  elucidated. 

52 

Basic actinide  research, as it has been  carried  out successfully  at the  Institute  over 
the  last twenty  years, provides an important  contribution to world  knowledge  on 
the subject and will  be maintained. 

Some key elements of the  ITU programme will be: 

Study  of  structural  phenomena  affecting  in-pile  performance  and  life-time 
of  fuel  in  a  reactor;  Measurement  of  thermocnemical  and  thermophysical 
parameters of irradiated fuel  materials; 

Studies  of  methods  of  aerosol  abatement  and  of  size-dependent  transport 
of radioactive aerosols in ducts and chimneys; 

Experiments  to  recover  minor  actinides  from  specially  prepared  fuel 
samples;  Improvement  of  the  efficiency  of  lanthanide/actinide  separation 
processes;  Improvements  in the  determination  of  cross sections for  actinide 
transmutation; 

Quality  control  of  waste  forms  as  a  function  of  fabrication  parameters; 
Further  development  and  improvement  of  destructive  and  non-destructive 
techniques for the determination  of radionuclides in waste forms;  Extension 
of  analytical  techniques  to  "exotic"  waste  forms;  Development  of 
tomographic  methods  for  waste  form  characterisation;  Organisation  and 
participation  in  Community  exercises  for  evaluating  non-destructive 
techniques  to  be  applied  to  studies  of  the  behaviour  of  radionuclides  in 
waste forms; 

Setting  up  of  an  intelligent  data  base  for  predicting  the  chemical  and 
physical  properties  of  hitherto  unknown  actinide  compounds  in  order  to 
"tailor"  them  to  the  needs  of  applications  and  fundamental  research; 
Research  with  actinide  compounds  in  the  fields  of  soft  and  hard  magnets, 
superconductors,  heavy  fermions,  large  Kerr  effect  compounds,  metallic 
glasses;  Increased  use  of  synchrotron  radiation  from  European  and  US 
sources for  electronic and structural  investigations of  actinides and  actinide 
compounds;  Extension  of  high-pressure  studies  with  actinides  into  the 
"virgin"  range of  1  to  2 Mbar; 

Melting  of  ceramics  or  glasses  by  heating  under  lévitation  in  an  acoustic 
field. 

For  the  efficient  implementation  of  the  Institute's  activities  set  out  above,  it  is 
intended to  install a dedicated  facility for  handling the  heavier actinide  elements 
(Americium Labs). 

The  Institute  will  continue  to  substantially  contribute  to  the  programme  on 
Radioactive  Waste  Management  with  studies on  the  characterisation  of  vitrified 
high-level waste forms and of  non-processed spent fuel. 

Efforts will  continue  to  improve  destructive  techniques for  safeguards  analysis  in 
the  frame c  the programme on Safeguards and Fissile Materials  Managements. 

Human  Cachai  and  Mobility 

Due  to  its unique  facilities  for  handling  radioactive  materials  and  an  established 
cooperation with  a large number of academic institutions in Europe and overseas, 
The  Institute  is in  an  excellent  position  to  contribute  to  the  Human  Capital  and 
Mobility  programme  by offering,  as in the  past, training  opportunities  to  young 
scientists in the  fields of  nuclear  safety  and  in areas related  to the  chemistry,  the 
physical chemistry and the solid state physics of actinides. 

K 3 

-7-

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

The  Institute  will  continue to  provide  assistance to  DG XVII Safeguards  Directorate 
by  analysing  nuclear  material  samples  for  safeguards  measures  taken  in  various 
European  nuclear  installations,  both  at  the  Institute  laboratories  and  on-site  (at 
Cap  de  la  Hague  and  Sellafield).  The  International  Atomic  Energy  w i ll  be 
supported  - as requested  by  DG  I - in  their  efforts  to  refine, automate,  and  field-
test analytical  equipment  for  safeguards activities on an international  scale. 

In  collaboration  with  DG  XIII,  the  Institute  will  be  active  in  the  exploitation  of 
research  results  by  transferring  certain  equipment  and  techniques  developed  at 
the  ITU  for  laboratory  use  (such  as  a  multi-colour  pyrometer  or  an  ultrasonic 
device for  aerosol scavenging)  to  industry  for  commercial  exploitation. 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

Besides  performing  research  in  specific  areas  defined  in  t he  Commission's 
multiannual  Framework  Programme,  the  facilities  of  the  Institute  and  its  licence 
for  handling  major  amounts  of  highly  radio-toxic  materials  will  continue  to 
attract  national  safety  authorities,  the  radio-pharmaceutical 
industry,  and 
institutions  and  industries  concerned  w i th  ecological  problems,  as  potential 
customers to  carry out work  ranging  from the  preparation  of  actinide  compounds 
and  radio-isotopes  for  medical  applications  to  the  post-irradiation  analysis  of 
nuclear  fuel  pins. 

54 

8 

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS (1AM) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

It  is  being  increasingly  recognised  that  advanced  materials  constitute  a  broad, 
enabling  technology, which  allows the  more  effective  operation  of  machines  and 
structures  of  modern  industrial  society  and  stimulates  t he  i n n o v a t i on  and 
successful exploitation  of  other  technologies. 

Although  the  widespread  perception  of  the  importance  of  industrial  materials  is 
expressed  today  in  work  in  Member  States,  the  effort  on  advanced  materials 
within  the  Joint  Research  Centre  provides  additionality  through  the  European 
dimension  and  neutrality  of  the  JRC  and  the  opportunity  to  contribute 
to 
European  cohesion  through  training  and  exploitation  of  unique  installations  and 
specialisms. 

The  aims  of  the  Institute  for  Advanced  Materials  are  to  contribute  to  enhancing 
the  industrial  competitivity  and  safety  of  components,  structures  and  engines 
relevant  mainly  to  the  Energy,  Transport,  Environment  and  Manufacturing 
sectors,  through  advances  in  the  understanding  of  the  basic  properties,  t he 
processability  and engineering  performance  of  materials. 

t he 
The  Institute  will  carry  o ut  its  tasks  mainly  w i t h in  the  explicit  aims  of 
Framework  Programme, w i th  a significant  contribution  to  scientific  and  technical 
work  in Support to  the  Commission  as well  as through  industrial  contractual  work 
with  external third  parties. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

t he  F r a m e w o rk  P r o g r a m me  h e a d i ng  "Industrial 

Materials 
Under 
Technologies", 
the  research  will  be  oriented  towards  the  following  areas  which 
derive  from  an  extensive  forward  planning  exercise,  which  have  considerable 
potential  for  enhancing  European  technological  awareness, which  require  sound 
basic  scientific  input,  technological  applications  as  well  as  a  testing  and  pre 
normative  focus: 

and 

Alloys  and 

Intermetallics: 

Improvement  in  performance  of  alloys  and  intermetallics  in  extreme  operational 
conditions  as well  as under  interactive  conditions  of  corrosive  degradation,  creep 
and  fatigue  deformation;  emphasis on  prenormative  features.  The  action  should 
intermetallic 
stimulate  a  wider  awareness  of  the  potential  of  new  classes  of 
materials  for  future  engineering  application;  to  help  steer  the  newly 
formed 
-* Structural  Intermetallics  and to  plan  together  w i th  DG XII  to 
European  Grou 
Action  in this  field. 
launch  a Conce 

Ceramics and  Composites: 

Improvement  in  performance  of  structural  ceramics  and  composites  in  simulated 
industrial  environments;  emphasis  on  pre-normative  features  and  suitable  test' 
methodologies.  A  continuous  ceramics  fibres  initiative  should  encourage  the 
development  and  application  of  long,  thin  ceramic  fibres  as a  reinforcement  for 
ceramic  and  metal  matrix  composites;  to  build  up this  initiative  together  w i th  the 

55 

-9 

Experts  Group  and  DG  XII  with  the  aim  of  completing  a future  market  study;  to 
define  and  give  birth  to  a new  EUREKA  project  as a  prelude  to  the  setting  up  in 
industry of a manufacturing  capability. 

Coatings and Processes: 

Development,  testing  and  diagnostics  of  protective  coating  techniques  and 
products.  Development  of  new  manufacturing  techniques  for  ceramic  materials 
and components. 

Operation  of  joint  venture  on  Advanced  Coatings  with  a  Dutch  national 
laboratory  (ECN). 

Surface Modification  Technology: 

Improvement  in  materials  properties  -  wear,  corrosion,  fatigue  resistance  -
through  modification  of  surface  state  using  ion  implantation  and  laser  beam 
mixing. 

New  Functional  Materials: 

Innovation  and  testing  of functional  materials for environmental  gas sensors and 
for optical and photovoltaic  properties. 

Non  Destructive  and  Evaluation  Techniques  of  Advanced  Materials 
Components: 

and 

Development  of  new  non-intrusive  evaluation  techniques  for  ceramics, 
composites and thin films. Validation  of  NDE techniques used in the  inspection  of 
industrial critical facilities. 

Life Prediction  and  Reliability  Technology: 

Life prediction  modelling  and life extension treatments on alloys and ceramics. 

Information  and  Data  Management: 

Development  of  Materials  Databanks,  appropriate  to  materials  processing. 
Training  Workshops  on  advanced  materials  and  initiating  specific  initiatives  on 
pre-normative  research where the objective  is to  establish a European  focal  point 
for  the  exchange  of  information  and  to  encourage  discussion  between  experts 
from  all sectors.of  pre-normative  research  and  development  in  materials, and  to 
provide  an environment  suitable  for the training  of young scientists interested  in 
careers in materials-related standards and their background. 

In  the  field  of  Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion of  the  Framework  Programme, 
the Institute intends to contribute through  research along the following lines: 

Support  to the Next Step Design: 

Plasma  facing  components 
experiments in the Cyclotron; elaboration  of a databank  on austenitic steels; 

irradiation  testing  in  HFR, 

-  thermal 

fatigue: 

Long Term Technical  Developments: 

Low Activation  Materials:  to  evolve  along the  lines of SiC composites; to  consider 
chromium  and  vanadium  and  related  metallurgical  problems; to test  potential  of 
intermetallics; 

56 

10-

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

The  Institute  has  a  long  tradition  of  postgraduate  training  with  success  in  the 
preparation  of  PhD's  and  has  developed  a  network  of  European  academic 
contacts.  The intention  is to  maintain this important  activity, and to expand  upon 
it  in  the  above  fields  of  expertise,  as  well  as  in  the  use  of  large  facilities. 
In 
particular,  one  will  aim  to  provide  an  environment  suitable  for  the  training  of 
young  scientists  interested  in  careers  in  materials-related  measurement  and 
standards. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

The Institute activities in Scientific and  Technological Support  for the  Commission 
are aimed  to support  the development  of the  European industrial standards base 
through  pre-normative  scientific and technical  activities.  The  following  describes 
the  fields for which there exists a demand from Commission Directorates General : 

Information  and  Data  Management: 

Support  to  strategic  initiatives  and  valorisation  in  Scientific  and  Technical 
Information  Management;  initiatives  and  management  of  pre-normative 
research  and  systems  development  on  computerised  materials  data  and 
knowledge  bases in engineering  materials (DG XIII); 

Initiatives  on Standards for Ceramics and Composites: 

Support to and setting  up external  networks for pre-normative  R & D in advanced 
ceramics,  composites  and  other  materials  as  a  prelude  to  CEN/CENELEC 
standardisation  (DG  III).  Evaluation  of  degradation  mechanisms  in  catalyst 
carriers;  development  of  performance  inspection  procedures  in  support  of 
Community directives (DG VII; DG XI); 

Development  of Codes for Nuclear  Components: 

Extend the  PISC exercise to the non-destructive evaluation of aged components in 
long  serving  nuclear  installations:  verification  of  NDE  procedures  for  inspection 
and development  of safety related codes and standards for large critical  industrial 
installations (DG III and DG XVII). 

Standardisation  of  Radiopharmaceuticals: 

Standardisation  of  radiopharmaceuticals  in  support  of  Council  directives 
concerning  radio protection of medical staff and patients (DG XI). 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 

The  Institute's High  Flux Reactor  is recognised  as one  of  Europe's foremost  multi 
purpose materials research reactors and it is intended to continue to contribute  to 
the  European  research effort through: 

Supplementary  Programme  in  support  of  the  Dutch  and  German  S  &  T 
strategies  with  work  on  materials  and  fuel  aspects  of  fission  reactors  and 
thermonuclear  fusion; 

The  development  of  Boron  Neutron  Capture  Therapy  as  a  technique  for 
treating  certain  forms  of  cancer,  in  cooperation  with  the  Commission 

57 

-11 

concerted  action  on this subject,  carried  out  with  the  participation  of  most 
Member States; 

Application  of  neutron  scattering  as  a  diagnostic  technique  for  materials 
investigations; 

Contractual  work  for  external  third  parties,  for  example  radio-isotope 
production, neutron  radiography and silicon doping. 

Since the  introduction  of  contractual  work  for  external third  parties, the  Institute 
has  already  attracted  a  good  number  of  contracts,  both  in  connection  with 
materials  technologies  and  also  the  exploitation  of  large  facilities.  The  cultural 
transformation  has taken  root  in the  Institute  and  contractual  work  for  external 
third  parties  is well  accepted  as an  indicator  of the  relevance  of the  research  and 
as a vital complement of research conducted  under the Specific Programme. 

This type  of  work  represents  a  key  element  in  future  Institute  planning  and  it  is 
expected  that  contract  research  will  continue  its  rapid  growth  path  in  the  near 
future  to  reach  a  steady  state  and  a  significant  proportion  of  the  Institute's 
turnover. 

In  the  materials  fields,  the  industrial  sectors  which  experience  indicates  should 
have  a  good  response  for  contract  work  are:  aerospace,  power  engineering, 
transport.  These  will  continue  to  be  targeted.  For  the  large  facilities,  the 
Cyclotron  in  Ispra,  following  a  recent  long  term  agreement  with  an  industrial 
partner, will enter  into the production  of medical radio-isotopes. 

58 

12 

INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS (ISEI) 

/. 

OBJECTIVES 

To  be  the  European  Commission's  centre  of  excellence  in  the  field  of  'complex 
systems'  engineering,  focussing  on  the  evaluation  and  development  of  methods 
addressing  the  safety,  standards  and  performance  of  systems  which 
involve 
industrial, social and  environmental  issues on a pan-European scale. 

In  particular,  to  take  the  broad, 'systems  approach'  to  the  understanding  of  the 
human,  societal  and  environmental  implications  of  scientific,  technological  and 
industrial  developments  in  order  to  provide  technical  advice  for  the  Balanced 
social and  industrial  development  of  European  society. 

ISEI  will  be  launching,  early  in  the  period,  new  initiatives  in  t he  areas  of 
Environmental  Accident  Management,  Safety  at  Work  and  later,  Safety  Critical 
Computer  Systems  as  well  as  a  contribution  to  the  proposed  Centre  for  Earth 
Observation.  ISEI's  new  initiatives  will  be  built  on  top  of  the  Institute's  existing 
strengths  of  systems  engineering  orientated  to  safety  of  systems,  and  ISEI's 
underlying  strength  in  informatics  which  is  based  both  on  ISEI's  JRC-wide 
informatics service and the  Institute's advanced applications  work. 

//. 

1992-1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

Environment 

ISEI activity  under  the  Environment  Programme  will  relate essentially  to  industrial 
safety  and environmental  risk management  and will  focus on the  development  of 
decision  support  systems for  plant  safety, emergency  management  and  territorial 
risk  management,  including  methods  and  approaches  for  modelling  relevant 
decision  processes. 

ISEI  w i ll  s t r e n g t h en  t he  w o rk  on  t he  d e v e l o p m e nt  of  m e t h o d o l o gy  and 
technology  to  support  the  assessment  of  the  reliability  and  safety  of  industrial 
and  technical  systems by widening  the  scope to  take  into  account  the  human  and 
social  interfaces,  and  the  environmental  compatibility. 
In  this  context,  new 
approaches  to  modelling  decision  processes  and  control  strategies  w i ll  be 
developed,  based  on  recent  advances  in  system  science  and  on  the  outcome  of 
exploratory  researches performed  in the  1988-1991 programme.  These  objectives 
will  be  tackled  in  partnership  w i th  industrial  and  academic  researchers  f r om 
across Europe. 

Additionally,  ISEI's  efforts  in  areas  of  public  concern  such  as  the  environmental 
impact  of  the  releases  of  chemicals  from  industrial  and  transport  activities  will 
lead  to  a  major  new  initiative:  the  establishment  of  an  Accident  Management 
Centre, forming  part  of  the  European  Office  for  Safety.  The  Centre's  objective  is 
to  create,  in  connection  w i th  DG  XI  and  national  authorities,  a  comprehensive 
information  system  on  accident  prevention,  mitigation  and  response,  based  on 
the  best  available  information  technology  (hypermedia,  expert  systems,  etc.)  to 
enhance  the  dissemination  of  i n f o r m a t i on  on  preventive  measures  a nd 
emergency  management  for  industrial  and  transportation  accidents  having 
severe  impact  on  the  population  and  the  environment.  The  Centre  will  provide 
response/rescue  organizations  w i th  information  and  research  results  quickly 

59 

-13 

available  to  help  in  an  actual  emergency.  The  activity  will  include  the 
development  of  decision  support  systems  for  environmental  emergency 
management,  education  and  training,  post  accident  analyses,  auditing  of 
emergency  plans  for  accidents  having  cross  border  impacts  and  studies  of 
communicating  with  the  public  about  risks  taking  into  account  cultural  and 
legislative differences between  European regions. 

A  further  new  activity  of  the  Institute  in  the  environmental  area  would  be  its 
informatics  and data  handling  support to  the  Centre  for  Earth  Observation  (CEO) 
which  is described  in section  17 of Chapter I. 

Industrial  and  Materials  Technologies 

ISEI's  second  new  initiative  will  be  in  the  area  of  Safety  at  Work.  Here,  the 
objective  will  be  to  conduct  and  coordinate  research  activities  concerning 
occupational  and  organisational  aspects of  the  working  environment  as well  as 
prevention  and  management  of  accidents.  The work  will  have two  main thrusts: 
the  organisation  of  an  information  and  documentation  service  concerning  EEC 
regulations  and  norms  plus  occupational  accidents  statistics  and  analyses 
developed  by  the  Member  States;  and  the  establishment  of  a  laboratory  of 
human-machine  systems  interaction  which  will,  by  simulation  and  experimental 
studies using  real domains, evaluate  the  impact of new  technologies  on safety  at 
work  (computerised  diagnostic  systems, robots, distributed  decision  making  and 
communication, cognitive  models in  use by industrial  designers)  and  research  on 
cognitive and organisational  factors affecting the development  of a safety  culture 
in the work  place. 

Measurement  and  Testing 

ISEI  will  perform  specific  prenormative  research  in  the  field  of  probabilistic 
residual  life  prediction  of  structures.  The  activity will  be  centred  around  existing 
specialized  installations  such  as  STRIKE  (Structural  Reliability  Investigation  by 
Knowledge  Engineering)  where  integral  testing  on  complex  structures  can  be 
performed. 

The  existing  work  on  the  development  and  validation  of  probabilistic  codes  and 
expert systems for the  evaluation  of the  lifetime of steel and composite  structures 
(pressure vessels, offshore  platforms, steam  headers) will  be extended  to  consider 
a  larger  variety  of  operational  conditions  and  environments  (e.g.  marine 
environment). 

The  specific  research  on  non-intrusive  synoptic  methods  for  diagnostics  (optical 
diagnostics  by coherent  light  and  image  processing) will  be scaled-up  to  assess its 
full  potential  in industrial  applications. 

To  respond  to  the  needs  of  the  photovoltaic  industry,  the  European  Solar  Test 
Installation  (ESTI) focusses on  prenormative  research  in the  field  of  photovoltaic 
systems with  the development  of  measurement  techniques for thin-film  and  high 
efficiency devices. 

Work  in  support  of  the  preparation  of  new  standards  will  put  emphasis  on 
reliability  of  grid-connected  photovoltaic  systems in  buildings  as well  as on  high-
value  applications.  The  projects  are  selected  in  line  with  the  marketing  strategy 
forcontractual  work  for external third  parties. 

GO 

14 

Nuclear  Fission  Safety 

Reactor  Safety 

The  existing  activities  of  ISEI  on  risk  and  reliability  evaluation  will  be  oriented 
towards  the  development  of  methodology  and  technology  to  assess  in  time  the 
"level  of  safety"  of  an  aging  plant,  and  at  optimising  maintenance  and  control. 
This  includes  the  integration  into  the  methodology  of  the  consideration  of  the 
change  of  the component  reliability, of the  modification  of  in-plant  configuration 
and  operation,  of  the  aging  of  structural  parts,  of  the  transfer  of  knowledge 
between  subsequent  generations  of  operators  and  of  changes  of  man-machine 
interfaces.  "Living  PSA" techniques, incorporating  knowledge  based systems, will 
be developed.  The effort  on the  System Response Analyser will  be continued  w i th 
particular  reference  to  human  behaviour  modelling,  taking  into  account  the 
changes  in  man-machine  interfaces,  e.g. the  possible  introduction  of  novel  types 
of  supervisory  systems for  the  management  of  accidents. 

Moreover,  a benchmark  exercise on  expert judgment  elicitation  and  combination 
is planned. 

Safeguards  and  Fissile Materials  Management  Programme 

The  activities  in  Safeguards  and  Fissile  Materials  Management  will  cover  t wo 
main  areas: 

Development  of  Containment  and  Surveillance  Techniques  (CIS) 

CIS  t e c h n i q u es  are  e x p e c t ed 
t he 
implementation  of  nuclear  safeguards  than  in  the  past  because  of  the 
changing  fuel  cycle  characteristics  in  terms  of  size  and  level  of  process 
automation. 

to  play  a  much 

l a r g er 

r o le 

in 

They  are  based  on  sealing  and  identification  techniques  and  on  optical 
surveillance  and  monitoring  techniques. 

For sealing  and  tagging  of  items and  containers, there  should  be  wide 
application  of  some  techniques  (based  on  ultrasonic  and  surface 
topography)  presently  developed  and  demonstrated  on  spent  fuel 
containers, etc. 

Multisensor  systems  based  on  C/S  are  now  being  introduced  on  an 
experimental  basis  and  demonstrated  in  nuclear  facilities.  Further 
development  of  such  systems with  the  appropriate  data  management 
is  required,  in  particular  for  video  data  reduction  and  analysis  of 
images. 

Demonstration  and  Performance  assessment  of  existing  and  new  C/S 
devices  and  development  of  new  procedures  will  be  performed  in  the 
new  LASCO  laboratory,  including  the  computer  aided  tele-operation 
for  remote  inventory  verification  in  a  model  of  an  advanced  storage 
area. 

Integration  of  Safeguards  Measures 

The  need  for  development  and  support  activities  is  conditioned  by  the 
evolution  of  the  nuclear  fuel  cycle, the  new  safeguards  strategies  designed 
to  respond  to  this  e v o l u t i on  and  the  overall  pressures  of 
resource 
limitations.  A  careful  monitoring  of  the  above  parameters  will  be  made  in 
order  to  make  a  more  clear  and  systematic  forecasting  of  safeguards  needs 

61 

- 1 5-

and  i d e n t i f i c a t i on  of  research  r e q u i r e m e n ts  and  to 
development  work  in other  areas. 

i n t e g r a te 

t he 

Furthermore,  specific  data  evaluation  methods  will  be  developed  and 
applied  to  assess the  performances  of  multisensor  measurement  systems,  for 
instance, for  the determination  of  nuclear  materials in large tanks. 

Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion 

The  present  contribution  to  the  European  Fusion  Programme  concerns  the  pre-
design  activity  in  support  to  the  Next  Step  (NET/ITER),  as  well  as  exploratory 
studies for  the  long  term development  of  fusion.  In the  1992-1994 period  ISEI will 
devote  the  largest  part  of  its activity  in support  to  the  Next  Step design  (Area  1 of 
the  European  Fusion  Programme  Proposal for the  period  1990-1994). 

Design  work  on  components  of  the  Next  Step  will  be  carried  out  under  specific 
request of the  NET-Team.  The areas of contribution  are: 

structural  analysis  of  plasma  facing  components  during  plasma  disruption 
events, including  validation  of the codes used for this purpose; 

Safety  analysis of  in-vessel components. 

Technological  actions will  be focused on the  construction  of  mock-ups of  in-vessel 
components  of  the  Next  Step  and  tests  of  remote  handling  procedures  to  bring 
the  Remote  Handling  Equipment  to  the  required  level  of  confidence  for  fully 
remote  operation  in the  reactor.  This work  will  be a continuation  of  the  present 
activity  dealing  with  simulation  of  remote  handling  of  a  1/3  mock-up  of  the 
blanket  handling  device (TELEMAC  laboratory). 

In  the  field  of  Long-Term  Technical  Developments 
(Area  2  of  the  European 
Fusion  Programme), ISEI could, if  requested, contribute  to  the  reference design  of 
a commercial  fusion  reactor to  be undertaken  in  Europe.  This contribution  w o u ld 
cover,  in  particular,  the  safety  and  environmental  problems  -  an  area  where  a 
relevant  know-how  exists in the  Institute. 

Work  for  JET will  be done  under specific  request. 

Human  Capital and  Mobility 

ISEI will  participate  in the  Human  Capital  and  Mobility  programme  via  'networks 
of  excellence'  built  from  cooperation  between  the  JRC ana  national  institutions. 
In  particular,  ISEI  will  focus  its  training  and  research  programmes  for  young 
researchers  towards  t wo  themes:  risk  management  and  advanced  computing 
techniques.  ISEI  is well  known  for  its  risk  assessment  and  accident  management 
research and  in this area acts as a focal  point  of  various networks  of  industrial  and 
academic  institutions.  Moreover,  ISEI  is  a  centre  for  advanced  (parallel) 
computation,  being  part  of  DG  Xlll's drive  to  exploit  Europe's  innovative  lead  in 
the  area of  transputer  applications. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

The  scientific/technical  support  to  the  Commission's  services for  the  period  1992-
94 will  address the  requests coming  from  nine  Directorates  General  and will  cover 
various  scientific  disciplines  available  within  ISEI.  This activity  is a  large  and  very 
important  component  of  ISEI's work. 

62 

- 1 6-

The activities may be summarised as follows: 

a) 

development  and analysis of computerised  information  systems for: 

management  of  control  systems  (for  the  coordination  of  Fraud 
Prevention  Unit)  and  management  of  parliamentary  petitions 
(Secretariat  General); 

world  shipbuilding  (DG III); 

aircraft  incidents (DG VII); 

b) 

c) 

d) 

e) 

f) 

civil  protection  for  cooperation  and  mutual  assistance  in  case  of 
disaster (DG XI); 

support for  the  implementation  of  EC directives  notably  on  major  accidents 
(DGXI); 

Valorisation  of  R/D  results  (DG  XIII).  As is the  case for  the  other  Institutes, 
the  ISEI is also  involved  with  DG XIII  for the  exploitation  and  dissemination 
of research results.  Current  projects at the  Institute are: 

object identification  by surface texture; 

on high speed camera  holography  and image processing; 

support  to  CORDIS  data  bases  on  Community  research  and 
technological development activities. 

development  of  information  systems  and  containment  and  surveillance 
techniques  for  inspectors  of  the  IAEA  (DG  I)  and  of  the  Safeguards 
Directorate (DG XVII); 

support to  DG XVII demonstration  programmes, notably  in the  photovoltaic 
area while energy savings and  energy conservation support will be  gradually 
phased  out; 

support  activities  for  the  information  technology  programmes  of  DG  XIII, 
with  a  particular  emphasis  on  technology  demonstration  and  'applications 
pull' activities such as: 

application  of software  and knowledge  engineering  R/D results; 

application  of parallel computing  R/D results; 

training  support; 

pilot networking  project. 

Support  is  also  provided  to  the  Statistical  Office  by  assistance  with  the 
developme 

r of  new  methods of data analysis. 

The  Support  to  the  Commission  areas  which  are  expected  to  expand  are  the 
activities  for  the 
t he 
implementation  of  EC directives  (point  b)  and  proposals  are  also  being  made  in 
the field of safety at work  (DG V). 

information  technology  programmes  ( p o i nt  f ), 

63 

-17 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES 

ISEI  marketing  policy  will  be  mainly  based  on  its  accumulated  know-how  and 
recognized  competence  in  developing  methods  and  tools  for  industrial  safety 
and  environmental  risk  assessment  and  management,  backed  up  by  a  strong 
informatics  expertise. 
In  this  area,  a  particular  perspective  is  open  by  the 
possibility  of  participating  in  projects of  national  or regional  public  interest  and 
funded  at  regional  or  n a t i o n al 
level.  This  should  include  provision  of 
informatics  and other  support to the  European  Environment  Agency. 

Development  initiatives  undertaken  (e.g. Eureka  projects or associative  projects 
like STARS) jointly  with  industrial  partners in the  1988-1991 programme  should 
lead to  commercial  exploitation  in the  period  1992-1994. 

An  additional  potentially  significant  contribution  to  the  contractual  work  for 
external  third  parties  income  should  derive  as  a  spin-off  of  the  expertise 
continuously  developed  in the  frame  of  the  Framework  Programme  in the  area 
of  advanced diagnostics, systems performance  assessment  and  systems  physical 
protection. 

The  possibility  of  valorizing  the  European  Solar Test Facility  (ESTl)  in  the  frame 
of  a commercial  initiative, that  could  cover  the  full  operation  cost  will  also  be 
explored. 

64 

18-

ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE (El) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

The  existence  of  man  is  intrinsically  connected  to  his  e n v i r o n m e nt  via 
biogeochemical  cycles which  in  t u r n,  are  affected  by  material  and  energy  cycles. 
Environmental  research, i.e.,  research  relating to  the  living  conditions  of  man  and 
its  changes  in  view  of  assessing  the  possibilities  and  limits  of  science  a nd 
technology  in  their  endeavour  to  conserve  or  regenerate  the  natural  bases  of 
human  life,  is  the  first  member  of  the  logical  chain  environmental  research  -
environmental  policy  -  measures  of  environmental  protection  -  environmental 
conservation. 

Environmental  research at the  JRC started  in  1972.  It offered, x^d  is continuing  to 
^d  description  of 
offer,  multidisciplinary  R&D  approaches  for  the  clarification 
environmental  stresses  and,  in  particular,  those  relative  to  gi 
JI  environmental 
changes,  reduction  of  pollutant  emissions,  toxicological  an  .  ecotoxicological 
effects of  environmental  chemicals. 

An  increasing  percentage  of  its  efforts  is  dedicated  to  technical  and  scientific 
support  to  other  Commission  services  dealing  with  environmental  matters.  This 
support  includes  methods  for  chemical  analysis  in  the  air, water,  waste  and  food 
sectors,  and  the  development  and  maintenance  of  data  banks  and  modelling 
activities. 

Major  achievements  were  e.g.  in  the  fields  of  pollution  abatement  technologies 
(development  of  a  new  flue  gas  desulphurisation  process),  e n v i r o n m e n t al 
chemicals  (establishment  and  evaluation  of  an  inventory  of  industrial  chemicals 
on  the  European  market),  the  elucidation  of  the  origin  of  lead  in  human  blood 
and  a  post-event  comparison  of  the  evolution  of  the  Chernobyl  cloud  and 
radioactive  deposition. 

The  scientific  disciplines  represented  in  the  Institute  are  (in  decreasing  numbers) 
chemists,  physicists,  mathematicians  (modellers),  biologists,  b i o c h e m i s t s, 
i n f o r m a t i on  scientists,  geochemists,  meteorologists,  chemical  a nd  nuclear 
engineers. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

The  research  activities  envisaged  for  1992-94  of  the  Environment  Institute  match 
t he  F r a m e w o rk  P r o g r a m me 
Change 
( w i th  a  natural  emphasis  on  strong  c o o p e r a t i on  b e t w e en 
Programmes" 
laboratories  in  the  M e m b er  States  and  w o r l d w i d e ),  "Technologies 
and 
and  "Working  Environment".  Within  these 
Engineering 
for  the  Environmen 
trateon  the folio  ng subjects of  research: 
themes the  activities of  the  El con 

t h e m es  "Participation 

in  Global 

Three  activities of  the  Institute  deal with  aspects of  "Global  Change": 

Physics of  the  Atmosphere. 
It deals w i th  modelling  of  atmospheric  transport 
of  pollutants  at  regional,  European  and,  in  collaboration  w i th  the  Safety. 
Technology  Institute,  at  global  level.  The  emphasis  is  on  intercomparison 
and  validation  of  existing  models  and  improving  links  w i th  experimental 
input  data. 

65 

-19 

The  main  experimental  means  are  an  aerosol  laboratory  for  the  study  of 
gas/particle  interactions  and  advanced  equipment  for  the  use  of 
inert 
atmospheric  "tracers", which  follow  the  trajectories  of  air  masses the  same 
way  as  air  pollutants  do.  Within  the  framework  of  the  Eureka/Eurotrac-
Tract  project,  first  results  show  that  pollutants  can  well  climb  the  steep 
slopes of  the  Alps and cross the  central Alpine spine. 

Chemistry  of  the  Atmosphere.  The scope  is to  examine  the  chemical  fate  of 
biogenic  and  a n t h r o p o g e n ic  emissions  by  studying  t he  kinetics  and 
mechanisms  of  their  transformation  with  relevance  to  the  generation  of 
noxious  compounds  and  the  build-up  of  radiatively  active  gases  in  the 
troposphere.  A  part  of  the  activities  lies within  the  framework  of  the  COST 
611-Eureka/Eurotrac-Lactoz  project.  Sidelines  are  t he  m o n i t o r i ng  of 
pollutants  on  a local  and  regional  basis and the development  of  abatement 
technologies for  pollutants from  power stations (desulphurisation, denoxing 
and their  combination). 

Biosphere-Atmosphere 
Interactions.  The focus is on the  deposition/emission 
exchanges  of  substances from  different  vegetation  types and  their  reactions 
in the  near-to-surface  atmosphere.  Particular  attention  is given to  their  role 
in  the  Mediterranean  areas  and  their  contribution  to  the  formation  of 
ozone  over  Europe.  In this field  of  biosphere/atmosphere  interactions  there 
is a collaboration  with  the  Institute  for  Remote  Sensing  Applications  which 
focuses on  marine and large area aspects. 

The  activity  contributes  to  the  Eureka/Eurotrac-Biatex  project  and  to  the 
IGBP-IGAC  project. 

Three  further  activity  areas concentrate  on Environmental Chemicals: 

"Soil,  Waste,  Water"  w h i ch  originates  from  radio-chemical  research 
activities  and  combines  the  expertise  of  soil  chemists,  geologists  and 
modellers  acquired  in  research  on  radioactive  waste  disposal  to  study  the 
migration  and  transformation  of  organic  and  inorganic  pollutants  which 
could  reach  the  g r o u n d-  and  surface  waters.  The  influence  of  humic 
substances and  natural  colloids on  mobility  is particularly  considered. 

The  d e v e l o p m e nt  of  a  m o b i le 
i n - f i e ld  analysis  of 
contaminants  in soil, water  and chemical waste  is under development  in  the 
framework  of  the  Eureka/Euroenviron  project.  Further  activities  are  expert 
systems  for  the  management  of  toxic  and  hazardous  wastes  and  t he 
development  of  specific  analytical  methods  for  persistent  organo-chlorine 
compounds  in soils and waters. 

l a b o r a t o ry 

for 

The above  activities will  be strongly  focussed on the area of  chemical  wastes 
and their  disposal. 

include  t wo  projects  focussed  on 

t he 
Activities  on  w a t er  q u a l i ty 
M e d i t e r r a n e an  area  and  developed  in  collaboration  w i th  d i f f e r e nt 
European  laboratories.  The  first  one  on  microphyte  toxins  (MITO  project) 
aims  at  the  d e v e l o p m e nt  of 
t he 
characterization,  identification  and  quantification  of  algal  blooms  in  fresh 
and  marine  waters.  The second  one on  analytical quality  control  aims at  the 
detection, quantification  and  reduction  of  error  sources associated  w i th  the 
sampling  and  analysis  procedures  for  environmental  micro  contaminant 
monitoring. 

fast  and  easy-to-use  systems  f or 

Life  Sciences.  Work  is  focused  on  the  evaluation  of  toxicological  and 
ecotoxicological effects of  environmental  chemicals in four  directions: 

66 

20-

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

experimental  activities  on  trace  metals  and  genotoxic  compounds 
including  new  in-vitro  and  in-vivo test systems; 

biomonitoring  of  trace  metals  for  the  establishment  of  background 
values and  risk groups  in  human  populations  in  Europe; 

risk  e v a l u a t i on  of  e n v i r o n m e n t al  chemicals  using  m e t h o ds  of 
quantitative  structure-activity  relationships  and  closely  related  to  this 
activity 

(d) 

updating  and distribution  of  the  ECDIN data  bank. 

Activity  (b)  is part  of  the  Eureka  -Euroenviron  project.  Activities  (a), (c)  and 
(d)  are  related  to  technical  support  to  DG  XI  for  the  evaluation  of  existing 
chemicals  and  the  u p d a t i ng  of  EC  directives  on  chemicals  and  some 
exploratory  research. 

Indoor  Pollution.  There  are t wo  closely  related  lines of  action: 

(a)  Experimental  activity  aimed  at  assessing  human  exposure  to  a  broad 
range  of  organic  pollutants  originating  from  indoor  sources  and  its 
contribution  to  total  exposure,  identification  and  characterization  of 
indoor  sources and development  and validation  of  related  methods; 

(b)  M a n a g e m e nt  and  Technical  Secretariat  of  t he  Concerted  A c t i on 
"Indoor  Air  Quality  and  Its  Impact  on  M a n"  establishing  a  'Europe-
w i d e'  collaboration  in this  field. 

The  activity  Environmental  Informatics  deals w i th  problems  related  to  the  real  or 
potential  presence  of  harmful  compounds  in  the  environment  including  their 
impact  on  humans  and  the  different  environmental  compartments. 
It  includes 
the  diagnosis  and  trend  of  the  environmental  contamination  by  making  use  of 
pollution  environmental  data,  p o l l u t i on  environmental  indices,  toxicological 
data,  dispersion, transport  and  migration  models  from  the  other  activities  of  the 
Institute.  Work  is done  in collaboration  w i th  the  ISEI Institute. 

Several  of  the  activities  mentioned  here  or  above  in  the  area  of  global  change 
could  be  concentrated  towards  a substantial  contribution, to  the  initial  phases  in 
1992-1994  of  the  Centre  for  Earth  Observation  as  described  in  section  17  of 
Chapter  I. 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

An  important  role  of  the  Institute  lies  in  the  further  education  and  training  of 
y o u ng  scientists  w i th  research  aspirations  in  e n v i r o n m e n t al  science  a nd 
technology.  The  Institute,  w i th  its  established  collaborations  w i th  networks  of 
national  laboratories thus intends to  contribute  in an essential way, to  the  aims  of 
training  of  young  researchers  under  the  Human Capital and  Mobility  Programme. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE  COMMISSION 

The  scientific  and  technological  support  to  the  Commission  responds  to 
t he 
requests  of  DG  XI  to  support  t he  implementation  of  present  and  f u t u re  EC 
Directives  on  Air  Quality,  Water  Quality,  Chemicals  and  Chemical  Waste,  under 
the  headings  Physics of  the  Atmosphere,  Chemistry  of  the  Atmosphere  and  So/7, 
Waste,  Water,  respectively.  Activities  on  indoor  air  pollution  will  include  work 
requested  by the  Consumer  Policy  Service. 

67 

2 1-

The  evolution  of  radioactivity  in  the  environment  both  under  normal  conditions 
and  in  the  case  of  nuclear  emergencies  is  also  studied  to  support  the  DG  XI 
obligations  on  radiological  protection. 

The  activity  on  Food  &  Drug  Analysis,  Consumer  Protection 
is  p e r f o r m ed 
essentially  by  request  of  DG  111, VI and  the  Consumer  Policy  Service, on  reference 
methods  for  the  detection  of  origin,  genuineness,  adulteration  and  food  fraud 
(e.g.  fruit  juices, dairy  products  and  wine,  for  which  a data  bank  will  also  be  set 
up)  and  looks  after  the  purity  of  raw  materials  used  in  medicines.  In  addition  to 
this  work,  requests  from  the  Consumer  Policy  Service  include  safety-related 
evaluations  on  cosmetics,  food  products  and  a data  bank  on  safety  aspects  of  a 
wide  range  of  products.  Furthermore,  analytical  work  is routinely  performed  for 
DGXXI. 

The  setting-up  of  A  Centre  for  Validation  of  Alternative  Testing  Methods 
(i.e. 
alternative  to  animal  tests  in toxicology)  requested  by  DG XI within  the  frame  of 
the  Institute  by  making  use  of  the  existing  toxicological  laboratories,  t he 
multidisciplinary scientific support  and the  experience  gained  in the  validation  of 
analytical  methods and  in the operation  of  data  banks. 

The  main  task  of  the  Centre  will  be the  coordination, at  Community  level, of  the 
validation  of  alternative  testing  methods  by establishing  analytical  protocols  and 
intercomparison  exercises. 

As a complement  to  this, the  Centre  should  favour  the  exchange  of  information 
by  setting  up  and  operating  a  data  bank  on  alternative  testing  methods  and 
promoting  meetings  and  workshops  in  order  to  facilitate  dialogue  between 
industry, associations for  animal  protection  and regulatory  bodies. 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

Contractual  work  is developing  for  public  authorities  and  industry  notably  in  the 
areas of  air  pollution, water  quality,  chemical  industrial  waste  and  evaluation  of 
toxic substances. 

The  Environment  Institute  has already  contributed  to the Task Force for setting  up 
the  European  Environment  Agency  and  plans are  being  drawn  up  for  substantial 
support  on  t he  harmonisation  of  analytical  methods,  i n t e r c a l i b r a t i on  of 
i n s t r u m e n t s,  s t a n d a r d i s a t i on  of  d a ta 
f o r m a t s,  d e v e l o p m e nt  of  n ew 
environmental  measurement  methods  and  instruments, as outlined  in  the  Annex 
of  the  Council  Regulation  on  the  establishment  of  the  European  Environment 
Agency. 

68 

-22 

INSTITUTE FOR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS (IRSA) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

The objectives of  IRSA are: 

a) 

b) 

c) 

to  evaluate  and  demonstrate  possible  applications  of  remote  sensing  in 
support  of  the sectorial  policies of the  Commission; 

to  undertake  research  on  advanced  methods  for  the  interpretation  and 
utilisation  of  satellite  data,  including  their  integration  w i th  geographical 
data; 

to  help  stimulate  the  scientific  community  in  the  use  of  satellites  (a  role 
complementary  to  the  mission  of  the  European  Space Agency  (ESA)).  This 
objective  should  be  carried  out  via  collaborative  programmes  and  p i l ot 
projects of  European  significance. 

Within  this context, IRSA takes part  in all  four  JRC tasks and furthermore  serves as 
a  focal  point  for  the  management  of  other  European  or  Community  projects, 
such as TREES and EARSEC. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

The specific  programme  will  contribute  to  the  Framework  Programme  objectives 
of  the  Environment 
line,  and  notably  to  the  themes  "Participation  in  global 
change  programmes"  and  "Technologies  and  engineering  for the  environment". 
This includes the  following  research: 

Environmental  Mapping  and  Monitoring 

This  research  activity  is  aimed  at  the  development  of  techniques  f or 
t he 
application  of  data  derived  from  high  resolution  earth  observation  satellites,  in 
conjunction  w i th  collateral  data  and  information,  for  the  m o n i t o r i ng  a nd 
management  of  marginal  (less favoured) areas of the  European  Community. 

The  activity  incorporates  the  development  of  advanced  image  interpretation 
techniques,  including  the  use  of  artificial  intelligence  and  neural  networks  in 
conjunction  w i th  geographical  information  systems in order to  improve  land  use 
classification. 

Global  change 

Two  major  contributions to the study  of  global change are to  be developed. 

of  the  Marine  Environment.  Global  Change  studies  related 

Monitoring 
.j 
the  marine  environment  will  concentrate  upon  studies of  the  temporal  and 
spatial  variability  of  sea  surface  temperature,  ocean  colour,  biological 
activity  and  associated  bio-geochemical  fluxes  in  the  North-East  Atlantic. 
Within  this  activity  the  development  and validation  of  numerical  models  of 
the  area  will  be  undertaken  (see  also  the  S/T Support  Commission  study, 
OCEAN). 

69 

-23 

to  Large  Scale  Changes  in  Terrestrial  Ecosystems.  The 

Processes  Related 
principal  objective  of  this  work  is  to  develop  approaches  to  the  study  of 
changes  in terrestrial  vegetation  canopies  at  regional  to  global  scales  using 
remote  sensing  data.  In  so doing,  it  is intended  to  model  the  interactions 
between  terrestrial  surfaces  and  the  climate  in  order  to  better  understand 
the  possible  impacts of  change  in the  biosphere-atmosphere  coupling. 

Technologies  and  Engineering 

Evaluation  of  a number  of  advanced  techniques  which  will  become  important  in 
the  future  as  new  earth  observation  systems  are  developed.  These  advanced 
techniques  include: 

a)  Microwave  remote  sensing 
Imaging  spectrometry 
b) 
Data  processing 
c) 

Each of  these are described  in more detail  below: 

Microwave  Remote  Sensing.  The  objective  of  this  work  is  to  undertake 
signature  research  in  the  microwave  region  of  t he  e l e c t r o - m a g n e t ic 
spectrum  via  laboratory,  airborne  and  spaceborne  techniques,  in  order  to 
i m p r o ve  t he  k n o w l e d ge  of  t he  status  and  dynamics  of  ecosystem 
components.  Particular  emphasis  will  be  given  to  the  implementation  and 
use  of  a  signature 
l a b o r a t o r y,  t he  i m p l e m e n t a t i on  of  a  E u r o p e an 
programme  for  airborne  remote  sensing  experiments,  the  application  and 
i n t e r p r e t a t i on  of  ERS-1  d a t a,  and  to  t he  d e v e l o p m e nt  of  advanced 
techniques  of  information  extraction  from  microwave  data. 

This  activity  will  evaluate  the  potential  of  high 
Imaging  Spectrometry. 
spectral  resolution  data  for  use  in  land  resources  applications, 
land 
degradation  and  soil  erosion  processes.  Atmospheric,  bi-directional  and 
polarization  effects will  be evaluated. 

In  addition,  field  radiometry  will  be  applied  in  an  evaluation  of  water, 
plants and the  atmosphere;  this will  include the  organisation  of  radiometric 
ground  data  campaigns  in order to  calibrate  airborne and space sensors  and 
to  validate  atmospheric  corrections and classification  algorithms. 

Data  Processing.  Data  processing  techniques  will  be  developed  to  handle 
data  from  advanced  sensors,  such  as  imaging  spectrometers  and  radars. 
M e t h o d o l o g i es  w i ll  also  be  d e v e l o p ed  to  include  advanced 
i m a ge 
interpretation  techniques  using  artificial  intelligence  and  neural  networks 
and  processing  imaging  spectrometry  data. 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

The  Institute,  being  involved  in  the  implementation  of  a  new  and  advanced 
technique  like observation  of  the  earth  from  space, is particularly  adapted  to  the 
training  of  young  scientists  in  the  field.  Through  a network  w i th  national  teams 
and  laboratories  the  areas for this training  can be: 

microwave  signature 
high  resolution  spectrometry 
expert systems applied  to  spaceborne data  processing 
development  of  geographical  information  systems 
thematic  applications  of  remote  sensing 

70 

24 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

Agriculture 

Two studies will be undertaken  in the field of agricultural  policy: 

Common  Agricultural  Policy  (Agriculture,  DG  VI) and  the  Statistical  Office 
Agricultural 
(EUROSTAT):  Pilot  Project  of  Remote  Sensing  Applied 
Statistics.  The  objective  of  this work  is to  develop  and  demonstrate,  up  to 
the  semi-operational  scale, methodologies  which  integrate  remote  sensing 
data  into  the  collection  of  statistics  of  crop  acreage  and  agricultural 
production  in the CEC. 

to 

(DG  VI,  FEOGA): 

System  of 
Common  Agricultural 
Policy 
Agricultural  Subsidy  Control  based  on  Area  Declaration. 
In order to  support 
operational  applications  in  agricultural  subsidy  control  related  to  the 
declaration  of  areas  under  crop, for  durum  wheat,  cotton,  olive  trees, set-
aside  land  and  vineyard  removal,  as well  as vineyard  and  citrus  registers, 
airborne  and  spaceborne  remotely  sensed  data  will  be  integrated  in  a 
complete  system  which  will  reduce  the  quantity  of  fieldwork  and  also 
reduce the subjectivity of the control decision. 

Integrated 

Tropical  Vegetation 

Monitoring 

Two studies will be undertaken  involving the monitoring  of tropical  vegetation: 

Development  Policy  (DG  VIII):  Application 
the 
Monitoring  of  Tropical Vegetation.  The objective of this work  is to  continue 
the  development  of  remote  sensing  techniques  in  the  monitoring  and 
forecasting  of  foodcrop  production  in  West  Africa,  the  evaluation  of  the 
impact  of vegetation  conditions upon water  resources in West African  river 
basins, and  to  undertake  an  inventory  of  tropical  forests and  deforestation 
on a global scale (see also Specific Programme, Global Change). 

of  Remote  Sensing 

to 

External  Affairs 
(DG  I):  Detection  of  Narcotic  Plants  A  feasibility  study 
regarding  the  potential  detection  of  narcotic  crops  (coca,  poppy)  using 
remotely  sensed  data  will  be  undertaken  for  specific  sites throughout  the 
world. 

Ma rin e En vironmen  t 

Two studies will  be undertaken  including the marine  environment: 

(DG  I):  Applications 

External  Affairs 
to  Marine 
Productivity.  The  application  of  remote  sensing  data,  in  conjunction  with 
conventional  oceanography  and  meteorological  data, will  be evaluated  for 
the  study  of  coastal  upwelling  and  fishery  management  off  the  Northwest 
African coast (see also the Specific Programme, Global Change). 

of  Remote  Sensing 

(DG  XI):  Ocean  Colour  European  Archive  Network 

Environment 
(OCEAN) 
Project.  OCEAN,  a  joint  initiative  of  IRSA  and  ESA,  aims  at  a  thorough 
reappraisal  of  all  ocean  colour  data  derived  from  the  Coastal  Zone  Colour 
Scanner (CZCS) on seas of  European concern, and at their exploitation for an 
improved  understanding  of  marine  environmental  issues (reference  should 
also be made to the Specific Programme, Global Change). 

71 

-25 

Land  Use 

Environment 
(DG  XI):  Corine  Land  Cover.  The  objective  of  this  ongoing 
study  is to  implement  methods  to  update  the  Corine  land  cover  database 
using  existing  methods  developed  under  the  S/T Support  Commission  study 
on  Agricultural  Statistics,  and  new  methods  incorporating  a u t o m a t ic 
classification  techniques to  permit  regular  updating. 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

The  contractual  work  for  external  third  parties  comprises  the  developments, 
implementation  and  testing  of  the  lidar  fluorosensor  on  a  helicopter-based 
platform  in  cooperation  with  an  industrial  firm.  The  Institute  also  plans to  make 
available to  outside  third  parties, its specialised scientific  installations, such as the 
radar  signature  laboratory. 
Its  planned  support  to  the  European  Environment 
Agency,  notably  by  the  application  of  remote  sensing  techniques,  w i ll  be 
included  under  this heading. 

Cooperation  with  ESA 

In  addition  to  the  OCEAN  project,  the  Institute  is  implementing  t wo  other 
European  projects: 

(TREES). The TREES Project, jointly  undertaken 
Tropical  Forest  Monitoring 
w i th  ESA,  will  develop  a  satellite-based  methodology  for  a  continuous 
monitoring  of  the  tropical  forest  at  global  levels  using  AVHRR  and  ERS-1, 
SAR data  (see also Specific Programme  Global  Change). 

European  Airborne  Remote  Sensing  Capabilities  (EARSEC).  The objective  of 
this work,  jointly  undertaken  with  ESA, is to  establish  a European  capability 
for  carrying  out  airborne  remote  sensing  campaigns.  This  capability 
incorporates  sensors, aircraft  and  processor,  and  includes the  development 
of  these  facilities to  JRC specifications. 

Several  of  the  activities  of  the  Institute  b o th  under  the  specific  research 
programme  and  other  headings, could  be concentrated  on  a shorter  term  and  a 
longer  term  basis  a r o u nd  the  Centre  f or  Earth  Observation  (CEO)  to  be 
established  at the  JRC through  a collaboration  inside with  the  other  relevant JRC 
Institutes (El and  ISEI) and outside the JRC w i th  ESA and national  authorities. 

72 

26 

SAFETY TECHNOLOGY  INSTITUTE (STI) 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

t he 
The  Institute's  role  in  the  context  of  JRC  activities  is  to  c o n t r i b u te  to 
u n d e r s t a n d i ng  of  complex  physical  and  chemical  p h e n o m e na  a nd 
t he 
development  and  validation  of  calculational  tools in areas which  are of  particular 
concern  for  the  public  at  large  such  as  safety  of  nuclear  and  non-nuclear 
installations,  environment,  waste  treatment  of  nuclear  materials  and  safeguards. 
Experience  shows that  due  to  the  complexity  and  severity  of  problems,  reference 
solutions  have to  be  prepared  at  European  level which  make  best  use of  available 
experience  in the  Member  States. 

The approach  to  the  problem  conducted  by the  Institute  is deterministic  in  nature 
and  has to  be seen  as a logical  complement  to  the  probabilistic  and  system  frame 
w h i ch 
is  being  developed  by  the  Institute  for  Systems  Engineering  a nd 
Informatics.  Coordination  of  the  t wo  approaches  is guaranteed  by  the  European 
Office  for  Safety described  in the  introduction  chapter, section  14. 

STI  is  keen  to  keep  a  balanced  approach  between  e x p e r i m e n t a t i on  a nd 
theoretical  analysis.  For  particular  purposes  unique  facilities  are  designed, 
constructed  and  operated.  Member  States  are  invited  to  make  extensive  use  of 
these  expensive  installations  in  order  to  avoid  similar  expenditures  in  their  home 
organisations and draw  the  benefits from well coordinated  programmes  executed 
at Commission  and  national  level. 

//. 

1992-  1994 ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

The  Institute's  contribution  to  the  Measurement  and  Testing programme  will  be 
centred  around  the  Reaction  Wall  facility  that  is  designed  to  test  full  scale 
structures to seismic and other  loadings andean  be used to  help define  norms  and 
standards  particularly  in  the  civil  engineering  industry.  It  is fully  complementary 
to  smaller  scale shaking  tables  in  Member  States.  The  analysis  and  experimental 
activities  are  part  of  a  programme  which  has  been  agreed  by  an  Association  of 
European  Laboratories. 

The  research  activities  to  be  u n d e r t a k en  by  STI  under  t he  Environment 
Programme 
regard  industrial  safety.  This  activity  involves,  to  a  large  extent, 
disciplinary  scientific  competences  and  technical  know-how  in  the  field  of  fluid 
dynamics  and  multiphase  f l ow  which  have  been  developed  in  the  past  years  by 
the  Institute  in  nuclear  reactor safety  investigations. 

Industrial  safety  concentrates  on  processes  in  the  chemical  industry.  Strong 
motives for  research efforts  in this area are: 

the  necessity  for  industry  to  implement  appropriate  engineering  safety 
measures and to  update the  latter  in the  light  of technical  progress; 

the  need  to  improve  continuously  knowledge  regarding  anomalies  and 
safety  features of  processes; 

the  need  to  formulate  guidelines  for  safety  methodologies  for  industrial 
applications, especially  in view  of  the completion  of the  internal  market. 

73 

- 2 7-

Phenomena  investigated  regard  a  sequence  of  failures  and  engineering  safety 
measures  in  chemical  processes:  (a)  off-normal  chemical  reactor  operation 
leading  to  "runaway",  (b)  emergency  pressure  relief  and  fluid  discharge  from 
reactor  vessels,  (c)  release  of  hazardous  fluids  with  subsequent  formation  of  a 
"dense  vapour  cloud"  which  may  disperse  in  the  environment  and  which  may 
explode  if the substances released are flammable. 

STI  will  strengthen  its  expertise  in  the  above  area  by  operating  experimental 
facilities  ("FIRES"  for  chemical  runaway  reations,  MPMC  for  emergency  venting 
on  problems  of  industrial  relevance)  and  by  applying  and  validating  computer 
programmes  (dealing  with  runaway,  venting,  "dense"  vapour  cloud  dispersion, 
explosion, and flame  propagation). 

The work  will  be done  in close association and partnership with chemical  industry 
and  address  the  safety  aspects  of  prevention,  mitigation  and  consequence 
assessment.  A  strong  link  already  exists  with  Shared  Cost  Action  programme 
STEP, executed  by the Commission. 

In  the  ERCOFTAC  consortium, the  JRC has become  a  pilot  centre  for  multiphase 
multicomponent  flow.  Here,  the  specialised  informatics  infrastructure  and 
expertise  of  the  Institute  will  be  placed  at the  disposal  of  the  participants  of  the 
consortium. 

In  Nuclear  Fission Safety  and  Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion the  Institute  has 
to  accommodate  substantial  reduction  while  keeping  and  developing  scientific 
competence  in  those  areas  which  are  of  renewed  public  concern.  The  Institute 
will  concentrate  on  those  projects where  a coordinated  effort  on  a  European  or 
international  scale  is  necessary  to  make  best  use  of  resources  and  to  reach 
common views in the scientifically  most complex areas. 

In the  Reactor Safety  programme  the  Institute  will  concentrate  on the  following 
main items which are all intended to be a focal point and substantial  contribution 
to severe accident control and mitigation  measures: 

the development  and validation of computer codes for the estimation of  the 
amount  and  quality  of  radioactive  products  which  could  potentially  be 
released  to  the  environment  in  the  case of  severe  accidents  in  light  water 
reactors (ESTER); 

the  execution  of  large  and  small  scale  tests  to  study  different  aspects  of 
aerosols  and  FP chemistry  and  physics and  to  provide  a data  base  for  code 
validation.  Of  particular  importance  in  this  context  will  be  the  continued 
participation  of the Commission  in the Phebus in pile fission product  release 
testing  programme  and  related  activities which  will  be  partially  performed 
in-house; 

also  for  light  water  reactors,  the  study  of  complex  phenomena  like  melt 
quenching  in  the  coolant  (in-vessel  or  ex-vessel)  in the  case of  fuel  melting 
and  release on the vessel bottom or in the reactor cavity.  In the  FARO  plant, 
tests  with  real  reactor  material  in  representative  conditions  will  be 
performed.  Later on, ex-vessel situations are also expected to be studied; 

new  studies will  be undertaken  on the containment  (loading  and  response) 
in  the  case  of  severe  accidents  in  close  cooperation  with  Member  States' 
organizations. 

In the Safeguards  Research Programme, the STI contributes to  research  aiming  at 
seeking  at  medium  term  and  longer  term  basis new  and  improved  methods  for 
the  Safeguards  activities  executed  by  the  Commission  inspectors  (DG  XVII)  and 

74 

- 28 

IAEA  inspectors  in  the  frame  of  the  EURATOM  Treaty  and  the  Non-Proliferation 
Treaty.  The  research  and  collaboration  with  national  research thus  underpins  the 
technical  support  provided  by the JRC to  DG XVII and to  DG I (for  IAEA). 

The mam scope of  the  programme  is: 

Design and  construction  of  integrated  non destructive  assay  instruments; 

Development  of  techniques  for  NDA  monitoring  of  Fissile Material; 

Setting  up facilities for  calibration  and training. 

The Safety  Technology  Institute  has set up the  calibration  and training  laboratory 
PRE PERLA  that  started  operation  in  1987  having  an  important  inventory  of  well 
characterized  reference  materials.  An  average  of  12  training  cou^  <?s for  ti% 
facility  are  given  each  year  to  Euratom  and  IAEA  inspectors  as  p ar 
described scientific  and technolo< 

I support to  the Commission. 

:  the  la 

In  1991,  the  new  PERLA  labor 
substitute  PRE PERLA. 

ry  will  be  operational  and  w i.  gradual» 

A new  generation  of  intelligent  instruments specifically  studied  for  customers  will 
be developed  to  be delivered  to the  DG XVII Safeguards Directorate  and  IAEA. 

New  Fissile  Material  bulk  standards  will  be  characterized  and  acquired  for  the 
PERLA  inventory. 

The  Institute's  contribution  to  the  Radioactive  Waste  Management  programme 
has always  pursued  a double  objective: to  support  available technologies  for  fuel 
reprocessing  and  waste  disposal  and  to  carry  out  research  which  may  lead  to 
diminution  of  waste  and  mitigate  the  acceptability  problems  of  final  waste 
disposal 

In  particular  the  PETRA facility  has been  designed  an 
tasks on  a significant  scale which  may  be summarised  a.  ollows  : 

onstructed  to  undertake 

extend  the  Purex process to  handle  fuel  elements having  a  high-burn-up; 

provide  an independent  characterisation  of  vitrified  waste; 

verify  new  p a r t i t i o n i ng  processes  f or  the  separation  of 
radioisotopes; 

l o ng 

lived 

process non-standard  spent  fuel; 

test methods and  procedures  pertaining  to  fissile material  accountancy. 

Because  of  the  multipurpose  nature  of  the  programme  and  the  diverse  interests 
of  customers, PETRA will  be operated  with  funding  which  is shared  equally  by  the 
t h i rd 
JRC  programme,  and  interested  organisations  in  Member  States  or 
countries. 
.f  PETRA 
It  is  foreseen  at  this  stage  to  ensure  a  gradual  operation 
which  should  not  be  initiated  before  the  availability  of  funds  oucside  t he 
programme  is confirmed. 

The  JRC  activities  in  Controlled  Thermonuclear  Fusion  are  largely  oriented 
towards  nuclear  safety-relevant  aspects  of  fusion  machines  aimed  at  preventing 
and  eventually  mitigating  adverse  effects  from  both  routinely  and  accidentally 
originated  release  of  radioactive  materials,  prevailingly  tritium,  into  the  working 
and  generic  environment.  In this  context,  STI will  concentrate  almost  entirely  on 

75 

- 2 9-

the  operation  of  ETHEL, the  European Tritium  Handling  Experimental  Laboratory. 
JRC  and  KfK  cooperated  in  the  design  and  construction  of  t h e ir 
t r i t i um 
laboratories  and  together  they  will  propose  a  detailed  plan  which  takes  into 
account  the  urgency  of  problems to  be solved for JET and NET/ITER.  ETHEL is more 
safety-oriented  with  particular  emphasis  given  to  investigating  the  migration 
modes  of  tritium  in  materials,  components  and  equipments  and  to  assessing 
transfer  mechanisms  w i th  the  ultimate  aim  of  improving  the  protection  of  both 
the  workers  and  the  general  public.  ETHEL  presents  unique  possibilities  for 
studying  loss  mechanisms  through  containment  barriers,  investigating  multiple 
containment  systems  and  developing  improved  solid  tritiated  waste  handling, 
treatment,  conditioning  and disposal  techniques. 

With  the  availability  of  t wo  "climate  chambers",  the  small  and  the  large  caisson 
of  respectively  5 and  350  m*  volume  ETHEL is particularly  suited  for  bench  mark 
and scale-up tests of  any  kind  of  large gas volume treatment  systems, thus  closing 
the  gap  between  laboratory-scale  results and  plant-scale design  specifications. 

In  particular,  the  following  topical  areas  will  be  addressed  in  separate  series  of 
experiments: 

Tritium  interaction  with  first wall  materials; 

Detritiation  of  large  scale  air  or  inert  atmospheres  in  both  normal  and 
accidental  conditions; 

Purification  of  plasma exhaust and tritium  recovery from  helium; 

Removal  of  impurities  from  hydrogen  isotopes  and  subsequent  hydrogen, 
deuterium, tritium  separation; 

Development  of  improved tritiated waste  management  techniques. 

The  above  activities  will  be  mainly  oriented  by  the  NET/ITER  needs.  In  addition, 
work  has  been  identified  in  support  to  JET,  the  inclusion  of  which  in  t he 
experimental  activities of the  ETHEL was judged  most useful. 

The  most  urgent  problem  for  JET  in  connection  with  the  preparation  of  the 
tritium  phase  is  to  demonstrate  to  the  licensing  authorities  experimentally  the 
tritium  permeation  rate  through  thin  wall  stainless  steel  bellows  at  elevated 
temperatures  under  dynamic  operating  conditions. 
It  can  be  anticipated  that 
many similar  problems will  arise for  NET, where confidence of the  licensing  bodies 
will  be  obtainable  only  by  practical  demonstration.  ETHEL is a  candidate  facility 
for  such support  work. 

The  Institute  is called  to  give  a  minor  contribution  to  the  Working  Environment 
programme.  Laboratories  presently  working  in  this  area  are  mostly  involved  in 
solving  problems  that  require  immediate  solutions.  The  aim  of  STI  is  to  f i nd 
general  calculation  methods  that  can  be  used  in  the  development  of  norms.  The 
work  will  have the following  thrusts: 

basic  activities  on  noise  generation  and  study  of  transport  of  toxic  and 
inflammable  products  in a closed  environment. 

All  the  above  are  contributions  to  the  Framework  Programme  and  reinforce  the 
objectives  in the  various chapters in which the  JRC participates. 

76 

- 3 0-

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

By  its  multidisciplinary  nature,  and  because  of  the  focal  role  of  some  of  its 
important  and  unique  installations,  the  Institute  is  particularly  well  prepared  to 
contribute  to  this  programme.  The  Institute  offers training  for  young  researchers 
and  also  draws  upon  the  established  networks  with  national  laboratories  and 
teams  which  could  be  further  developed.  This  will  include  ERCOFTAC  and  the 
European  Association  of  Structural  Mechanics  Laboratories. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

It  is planned  that  the  Institute  will  take  a more  vigorous  part  in  the  Scientific  and 
Technological  Support  for  the  Commission  task. 

This  will  include  continuing  provision  of  safeguards  tools  as  requested  by  the 
In  the  same 
DGXVII  Safeguards  Directorate  and  the  IAEA  (Support  to  DG  I). 
frame,  as  mentioned  above,  there  w i ll  be  organised  t r a i n i ng  courses 
for 
safeguards  inspectors  both  from  DG XVII and from  IAEA using the  unique  facilities 
offered  by the  PERLA  facility. 

As already  initiated, the  STI will  continue,  but  at  an  increased  level, to  respond  to 
the  request  of  DG  XIII  for  testing  and  implementing  new  techniques  and 
equipment  developed  in the  ESPRIT programme.  Furthermore, it  will  continue  to 
honour  the  demand  from  DG  XIII  for  exploitation  of  research  results  stemming 
from the activities of the  Institute. 

Assistance and transfer  of  know-how  is expected to  be provided  for  DG XI  (Safety) 
and  DG  III  (Norms  and  Standards)  and  the  verification  w o rk  on 
i m p o r t ed 
instruments  for  DG XXI. 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

Concerning  Contractual  Work  for  External  Third Parties, the  Institute  is  planning 
a vigorous  effort  for  selling  the  use of  existing  facilities  to  industry  and  national 
organizations  and  to  put  a wider  range  of  multidisciplinary  competences  at  the 
disposal of  clients from  public  or  private  bodies. 

Ongoing  contract  work  and  promising  potentials  are notably  related to  industrial 
hazards  studies  for  chemical  industries,  behaviour  of  structures  submitted  to 
dynamic  loading  for  building  and  construction  industries,  nuclear  industries  and 
for 
petrochemical  industries.  Particular  nuclear  safety  studies  are  o n g o i ng 
national  authorities  or  the  nuclear  industry  both  related  to  reactor  design  and 
operation  and  to  nuclear  fuel  cycle safety.  Furthermore, it  is intended  to  perform 
specific studies related to  tritium  technology  for  public authorities  or  industry. 

77 

- 3 1-

INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES 

/.  OBJECTIVES 

The  basic  task  of  the  Institute  is  the  acquisition,  treatment  and  analysis  of 
information  concerning  the state and trends of science and technology  (S&T)  and 
the execution  of  prospective studies in targeted areas of S&T. 

The  aim  of  the  Institute's  programme  of  work  is  to  provide  the  Institute's 
customers  with  the  background  knowledge  -  data  and  reasoned  arguments, 
scenarios, etc - necessary for informed decision making in matters concerning S&T. 
Thus, the  Institute  carries out strategic studies of  technological  developments  for 
external customers (mainly  other  Services of the  Commission, but  also third  party 
customers)  and  for  the  JRC  (other  Institutes,  or  at  the  request  of  the  Director 
General's  Office).  The  Institute  acts as a consulting  office, with  no  independent 
programme, operating  in accordance with  the  customer-contractor  principle  and 
this clearly affects the structure of its activities. 

In  order  to  carry  out  its tasks  the  Institute  has two  main  functions.  The  first  of 
these is the observatory  function  in which the Institute endeavours to: 

collect information  on trends in technological  innovation; 

analyse,  process  and  present  the  information  in  order  to  help  determine 
research and technological development strategies; 

develop  and  use specialized  databases  of  the  information  collected  by  the 
Institute, and 

describe  the  state  of  science  and  technology  in selected  areas of  interest  to 
the  Community. 

The second function  is to  execute  prospective technological  studies.  This involves 
preparing  S&T assessments, forecasts and scenarios as an aid to the formulation  of 
research  and  development  strategies,  including  analyses of  economic,  social  and 
environmental  impacts. 

In  pursuit  of  both  functions,  the  Institute  will  make  the  best  possible  use  of 
existing national  bodies active in the same area, organizing  European networks of 
S&T observatories and  prospective studies units. 

In  this  context,  the  Commission  has  received  an  offer  from  the  Spanish 
Government  to  host the  Institute  at  Seville within  the  Science  Park  which  will  be 
developed there  following  the  EXPO 92.  With  assurance that the  Institute  would 
work  in a scientific  and technical  environment,  where  a strong  interaction  occurs 
with  research  structures  located  at  the  same  place  and  assurance  that  the 
implantation  would  not  lead  to  any  additional  financial  burden  to  the  JRC, the 
Commission considers the  proposal  favourably. 

The  potential  availability  of  work  for  third  parties will  be  a strong  determining 
factor in the decision concerning the location of the Institute. 

78 

3 2-

//. 

1992-  1994  ACTIVITIES 

SPECIFIC PROGRAMMES 

Work  for  other  JRC  institutes  w i ll  constitute  the  Institute's  i n p ut  to 
Framework  Programme  (the  main  contribution  being  under  Human  Capital  and 
Mobility  which  is described  below).  As an example  of this work,  it  is expected  that 
the studies on Advanced  Materials  will  continue  under  this heading. 

t he 

Human  Capital  and  Mobility 

The  Institute  will  offer  young  research  fellows  the  o p p o r t u n i ty  to  receive 
specialized  training  in the  field  of  technological  prospective and  assessment. 

Basically, the  programme will  involve  "training-through-research", whereby  small 
teams, (e.g. 4 to  6 people  each) are formed, including  young  scientists and  at  least 
one  member  of  the  Institute's  staff. 

Each  team  will  be  in  charge  of  a  project  concerning  technology  assessment  and 
study  of  technological  prospects  in  a  selected  field,  chosen  from  among  the 
priority  subjects for  the  Institute. 

Collaboration  and  exchange  of  people with  other  institutes  in the  Member  States 
will  be  organized  and  bi-annual  seminars,  with  the  participation  of  external 
experts, will  allow  the  review  and evaluation  of the work  done  by each team. 

In  a d d i t i o n,  the  research  fellows  will  be  provided  w i th  training  courses  in 
Technological  Forecasting  and  Assessment,  language  courses  and  introductory 
courses in  European  Affairs. 

SCIENTIFIC AND  TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE COMMISSION 

The  future  priority  envisaged  for  the  Institute  is the  execution  of  projects  under 
the  "Support  to  the  Commission"  umbrella. This represents the  central  mission  of 
the  Institute  and  it  will  be  covered  by  a  series  of  multiannual  contracts  w i th 
several  Commission  Services  (Forward  Studies  Unit  (CdP),  DG  III,  DG  VII,  DG  XI, 
etc.).  The  work  will  consist  of  prospective  studies  in  a  restricted  number  of 
sectors and  horizontal  fields  in which  the  Institute  has, or  is building  up,  expertise 
and  reputation.  These  subjects  will  be  reflected  in  the  Institute's  Annual  Work 
Plans.  They  w i ll  be  r e v i s e d / m o d i f i ed  as  a p p r o p r i a te 
t he 
customer/contractor  principle.  The  main  fields  of  activity  are  expected  to  be  the 
following: 

f o l l o w i ng 

Energy  systems: 
technological  and  market  p e n e t r a t i on  p o t e n t i al  of 
renewable  energies;  energy  conservation;  future  options,  such  as  fusion 
energy;  problems  related  to  C02  control  and other  environmental  issues. 

Transport  systems:  air  transport  and  aeronautical  industries;  high  speed 
surface transportation;  urban transport, etc. 

Environment: 
options  related to  pollution  avoidance;  environmental  technologies 

environmental  impact  of  new  technologies;  technological 

Future 
materials  in space applications;  space markets;  etc. 

technologies:  market  penetration  of  selected  advanced  materials; 

79 

-33 

CONTRACTUAL WORK FOR EXTERNAL  THIRD PARTIES 

To date, this has been  largely  restricted to  central  or  regional  public  bodies  in  the 
Member  States.  The  BMFT  (German  Federal  Ministry  f or  Research  a nd 
Technology)  Fusion  contract  is  a  good  example. 
In  the  future  it  is  hoped  to 
introduce  an  industrial  and  private sector  element. 

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES 

Some  "horizontal"  or  ad-hoc  studies  will  be  performed  for  and  with  DG XII  and 
the  JRC DG on  issues such as: 

innovation  process and  industrial  competitiveness; 

cross-impact of technologies  (dual  use and cross-sectoral  fertilization); 

future strategies for  the JRC and for some of  its Institutes. 

Baseline  studies  will  be  executed,  with  marginal  resources,  together  w i th  DG 
Xll/Monitor  and OECD, to  improve the tools required  by prospective activities (S&T 
indicators, interfacing  national  data  bases, etc.). 

Finally,  the  network  activities  should  be  consolidated  in  the  1992-1994  time 
frame.  The  Institute's  antennae  in  North  America  and  Japan  should  be  fully 
operational  and they, together  w i th  a network  of  national  experts in the  Member 
States, will  make significant  contributions to  the studies of the  Institute. 

80 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

81 

Fiche financière  N° 1 page  1 

FICHE FINANCIERE N°1: 

Activités de recherche:  3ème programme  cadre 

1. 

Intitulé  de  l'action: 

Voir  ci-dessus. 

2. 

Lignes budgétaires  concernées: 

B6.11 
B6.121 
B6.122 
B6.3 

personnel  (en  partie); 
infrastructures  administratives et techniques (en  partie); 
supports scientifiques et techniques  (en  partie); 
crédits opérationnels  directs. 

3. 

Base légale: 

Proposition  de  programme  du  CCR  1992-1994  (3ème  programme  cadre 
1990-94). 

4. 

Description de  l'action: 

4.1.  Objectif  spécifique  de  l'action:  activités  de  recherche,  action  directe, 

menées par  le CCR dans les domaines suivants: 

i n d u s t r i e l l es  et  des  m a t é r i a u x:  M a t é r i a u x, 

T e c h n o l o g i es 
Environnement  du travail; 
Mesures et essais; 
Environnement; 
Sûreté de la fission; 
Fusion; 
Capital  humain  et  mobilité. 

Il est prévu  d'autre  part  de  consacrer  une  partie  des crédits et  moyens, 
à concurrence de  6 % des montants  initialement  prévus, à des activités 
de recherche exploratoire  dans des domaines  prometteurs. 

4.2.  Durée: 

Exercice  1992-94. 

4  3.  Population  visée par  l'action: 

Communauté  scientifique  internationale. 

5. 

Classification de la dépense ou des recettes 

5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non  obligatoires). 

5.2.  CD (Crédits dissociés). 

5.3.  Types de  recettes visées: ressources propres de la  Communauté. 

82 

Fiche financière N° 1  page 2 

La nature de la dépense: 

Couverture  des  différents  moyens  mis  en  oeuvre  pour  l'exécution  des 
programmes de recherches tels que repris au point 2. 

Incidence financière: 

7.1.  Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action: 

prévision  des  dépenses  de  personnel  sur  base  de  l'évolution 
économique  à  moyen  terme  dans  les  divers  pays  de  la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 

prévision  des  frais  généraux  et  des  supports  scientifiques  et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 

évaluation  des crédits  spécifiques  nécessaires  à  l'exécution  des 
programmes  de  recherches  (dépenses  directes  pour 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  en  évidence  la  nature  des  dépenses  par 
programme spécifique. 

Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 

Activité 

Personnel 

Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 

Support 
Scient/techn. 

Total 

Crédits 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

Matériaux 

49 306.812 

8.027.726 

1.639.471 

9.667.197 

6.366.000 

65.340.009 

Environnement 
du travail 

8.073 477 

1.322.509 

207.524 

1 530.033 

2.277.000 

11 880.510 

Mesures et essais 

53.688813 

10.012.396 

11.561.275 

21 573.671 

13.837.000 

89.099.484 

Environnement 

99.207.976 

16.513.872 

3.832.520 

20.346.392 

28.945.000 

148.499.368 

Fission 

Fusion 

Capital  humain 
et mobilité 

97 480.344 

18.436.924 

23.813.932 

42.250.856 

24.609.000 

164.340.200 

25.996.697 

4.591.464 

5.205.721 

9.797.185 

4.796.000 

40.589.882 

3087  557 

4.508.344 

29.726 

4.538.070 

17.124.000 

24.749.627 

Total Prog.-cadre 

336.841 676 

63.413.235 

46.290.169 

109.703.404 

97.954.000  |  544.499.080 

Il  est  à  noter  que  la  Commission  prévoit  un  développement  des 
activités  de  l'Institut  des  Matériaux  de  Petten  s'accompagnant  d'un 
accroissement  des  effectifs  de  cet  Institut.  A  cette  fin  un  nouveau 
bâtiment  à usage de bureaux et laboratoires sera construit sur le 
te 
de  Petten;  cette  construction  fera  l'objet  d'un  contrat  de  lea. ng 
immobilier avec l'ECN de Petten. 

La signature en est prévue à la fin de l'exercice 1991 avec un premier 
versement  de  320.000  écus.  Le  solde  payable  en  5  annualités  de 
300.000  écus  permettra  au  CCR  de  devenir  propriétaire  de  cette-
construction à l'issue de cette période. Le coût global de l'opération y 
compris  travaux  annexes  et  aménagements  intérieurs  est  estimé  à 
1.900.000 écus. 

83 

Fiche financière N° 2 page 1 

FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2: 

Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission 

1. 

Intitulé de l'action: 

Activités de Support à la Commission 

2. 

Lignes budgétaires concernées: 

B6.11 
B6.121 
B6.122 
B6.421 

personnel (en partie); 
infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
crédits opérationnels directs. 

3. 

Base légale: 

Article  8  du  Traité  instituant  la  Communauté  Européenne  de  l'Energie 
Atomique (EURATOM); 

Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994. 

4.  Description de l'action: 

4.1.  Objectif spécifique de l'action: 

Apporter  aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que 
de  besoin, l'expertise ou  le support scientifique  et technique  du CCR 
dans les domaines de sa compétence. 

4.2.  Durée: 

La  plupart  de  ces  actions  s'étendent  sur  plusieurs  exercices  et  font 
l'objet  d'accords  pluriannuels  avec  les  Directions  générales 
concernées.  Certaines  d'entre  elles  ont  toutefois  un  caractère 
ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel. 

4.3.  Population visée par l'action: 

l'ensemble  de  la  population  concernée  par  les politiques  sectorielles 
communautaires  faisant  appel  à des technique  relevant  du  domaine 
de la Recherche et du  Développement. 

5.  Classification de la dépense: 

5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 

5.2.  CD (Credits dissociés). 

5.3.  Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté. 

84 

Fiche financière  N° 2 page 2 

6. 

Type de la dépense: 

Couverture  des  différents  moyens  rms  en  oeuvre  pour  l'exécution  des 
activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2. 

Incidence  financière: 

7.1.  Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action 

prévision  des  dépenses  de  personnel  sur  base  de 
économique  à  moyen  terme  dans  les  divers  pays  de 
Communauté  hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 

l'évolution 
la 

prévision  des  frais  généraux  et  des  supports  scientifiques  et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 

évaluation  des  crédits  spécifiques  nécessaires  à  l'exécution  des 
p r o g r a m m es  de  recherches 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 

(dépenses  directes  p o ur 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  en  évidence  la  nature  des  dépenses  par 
programme spécifique. 

Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 

Activité 

Personnel 

Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 

Support 
Scient/techn. 

Total 

Crédits 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

Support 
Commission 

108278832 

18 285 928 

8.084.742 

26.370.670 

55.351.000 

190.000.502 

7.2.  Part du  "mini-budget"  dans le coût total de  l'action: 

La  part  du  mini-budget  représente  environ  6  %  du  coût  total  de 
l'action. 

7.3.  Programmation  indicative: 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  en  évidence  l'effort  que  le  CCR  prévoit 
d'effectuer  dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994. 

8. 

Dispositions anti-fraude  prévues dans la proposition d'action: 

Système  de  contrôle  interne  du  CCR  lui-même  et  du  contrôleur  financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 

9. 

Eléments d'analyse  coût-efficacité: 

9.1.  Appréciation  et analyse des objectifs: 

Les  activité  de  support  à  la  Commission  sont  destinées  à  appuyer  la 
mise en oeuvre -et/ou  la formation) des politiques communautaires. 

85 

Fiche financière  N° 1 page 3 

Il est à noter  également  l'intention  de  la Commission  de  procéder  à  la 
réhabilitation  d'un  ensemble  de  logements  sociaux  d o nt  dispose  le 
CCR Ispra  (Village  Brebbia)  pour  augmenter  les capacités d'accueil  des 
jeunes  arrivés,  notamment  boursiers, stagiaires, visiteurs  scientifiques; 
cette  politique  se  situe  en  particulier  dans  le  cadre  de  la  politique 
d ' o u v e r t u re  du  CCR,  menées  depuis  le  d é b ut  1988  aux 
jeunes 
scientifiques de tous les horizons. 

Le  coût  de  cette  réhabilitation  est  estimée  à  1.600.000  écus  pour  les 
travaux  de  restructuration  proprement  dit  (exercice  1993)  et  environ 
350.000 écus pour  les aménagements  internes (exercice  1993). 

7.2.  Part du  " mini-budget"  dans le coût total  du  programme  environ  1 %. 

7.3.  Programmation  indicative. 

8. 

Dispositions anti-fraude  prévues dans la proposition d'action: 

Système  de  contrôle  interne  du  CCR  lui-même  et  du  contrôleur  financier 
dans les quatre  centres du CCR. 

9. 

Eléments d'analyse  coût-efficacité: 

9.1.  Appréciation  et analyse des objectifs: 

Les programmes  spécifiques  de  R &  D  répondent  aux  objectifs  définis 
dans le  programme-cadre  1990-1994 en tenant  compte  du  principe  de 
subsidiarité. 

Les  objectifs  spécifiques  du  CCR  pour  son  programme  1992-1994 
seront  fixés  dans  les annexes  aux  décisions du  Conseil.  Comme  prévu 
dans  l'article  2  du  Règlement  financier,  chacun  de  ces  objectifs 
spécifiques  fera  l'objet,  t o ut  en  tenant  compte  de  la  nature  de  la 
recherche, d'une  quantification  par  le  CCR, en  termes  opérationnels. 
Cette  quantification  devrait  permettre  l'établissement  d'indicateurs 
de  performance  qui seront  utilisés dans le cadre de  l'évaluation  future 
des résultats acquis par  rapport  aux.objectifs. 

9.2.  Justification  de  l'action: 

Participation  du  CCR dans une  partie  des actions (actions  nucléaires  et 
non  nucléaires)  d o nt  le  montant  global  et  les thèmes  ont  été  définis 
par  décision  du  Conseil  (décision  90/224/EURATOM CEE du  Conseil  du 
13.04.90  J.O.L  117/90). 

9.3.  Evaluation: 

C'est dans le cadre de  l'exécution  proprement dite des activités du CCR 
(objectif  de  recherche,  support  à  la  Commission,  activités  pour  le 
compte  de  tiers)  que  l'efficacité  des  moyens  mis  en  oeuvre,  d o nt  le 
personnel  représente  la  composante  la  plus  importante,  est  analysée 
selon  les critères suivants: 

l'application  du  principe  contractant-client  pour  les  activités  de 
R&D du  CCR garantit  leur  utilisation  -1  % du  montant  réservé  au 
sein  du  programme  cadre  sera  utilisé  pour  la  d i f f u s i on  et 
l'utilisation  des résultats dans le cadre du  programme  VALUE; 

8 

Fiche financière N° 1 page 4 

l'ensemble des  activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules" 
annuels soumis à l'approbation  du  Conseil d'Administration  du 
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D; 

le  système  informatisé  MACS  de  comptabilité  de  gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de 
gestion  (Management  Efficiency  Unit)  doit  assurer  la  revue 
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux. 

De manière à juger de leur efficacité, les activités du CCR feront 
l'objet d'un suivi et d'une évaluation afin d'examiner dans quelle 
mesure chacun des objectifs spécifiques fixés par le Conseil aura 
été  atteint  tout  en  tenant  compte  des  indicateurs  de 
performance préétablis et du rapport coût-efficacité. 

87 

Fiche financière N° 2 page 1 

FICHE FINANCIERE N° 2: 

Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission 

1. 

Intitulé de  l'action: 

Activités de Support à ia Commission 

2. 

Lignes budgétaires concernées: 

B6.11 
B6.121 
B6.122 
B6.421 

personnel (en partie); 
infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie); 
supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie); 
crédits opérationnels directs. 

3. 

Base légale: 

Article  8  du  Traité  instituant  la  Communauté  Européenne  de  l'Energie 
Atomique  (EURATOM); 

Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994. 

4. 

Description de  l'action: 

4.1.  Objectif  spécifique de  l'action: 

Apporter  aux  politiques sectorielle de  la Commission, chaque  fois que 
de  besoin,  l'expertise ou  le support  scientifique  et  technique  du CCR 
dans les domaines de sa compétence. 

4.2.  Durée: 

La  plupart  de  ces  actions  s'étendent  sur  plusieurs  exercices  et  font 
l'objet  d'accords  pluriannuels  avec  les  Directions  générales 
concernées.  Certaines  d'entre  elles  ont  toutefois  un  caractère 
ponctuel et ne font  pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel. 

4.3.  Population visée par  l'action: 

l'ensemble  de  la  population  concernée  par  les  politiques  sectorielles 
communautaires  faisant  appel  à  des technique  relevant  du  domaine 
de la Recherche et du  Développement. 

5. 

Classification de la dépense: 

5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 

5.2.  CD (Credits dissociés). 

5.3.  Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté. 

88 

Fiche financière  N° 2 page 2 

6. 

Type de la dépense: 

Couverture  des  différents  moyens  mis  en  oeuvre  pour  l'exécution  des 
activités de support scientifique  et technique tels que  repris au  point  2. 

7. 

Incidence  financière: 

7.1.  Mode de calcul du  coût total  de  l'action: 

prévision  des  dépenses  de  personnel  sur  base  de 
é c o n o m i q ue  à  m o y en 
Communauté  hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 

t e r me  dans  les  divers  pays  de 

l'évolution 
la 

prévision  des  frais  généraux  et  des  supports  scientifiques  et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 

évaluation  des  crédits  spécifiques  nécessaires  à  l'exécution  des 
p r o g r a m m es  de 
fonctionnement,  équipements et  contrats). 

( d é p e n s es  d i r e c t es  p o ur 

r e c h e r c h es 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  en  évidence  la  nature  des  dépenses  par 
programme  spécifique. 

Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 

Activité 

Personnel 

Infrastructure 
ad m in./tech. 

Support 
Scient/techn. 

Total 

Crédits 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

Support 
Commission 

108278832 

18 285.928 

8.084.742 

26.370.670 

55.351.000 

190.000.502 

7.2.  Part du  "mini-budget*'  dans le coût total de  l'action: 

La  part  du  mini-budget  représente  environ  6  %  du  coût  t o t al  de 
l'action. 

7.3.  Programmation  indicative: 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  en  évidence  l'effort  que  le  CCR  p r é v o it 
d'effectuer  dans ce domaine  au cours des exercices  1992-1994. 

8. 

Dispositions anti-fraude  prévues dans la proposition d'action: 

Système  de  contrôle  interne  du  CCR  lui-même  et  du  contrôleur  financier 
dans les quatre  centres du CCR. 

9. 

Eléments d'analyse  coût-efficacité: 

9.1.  Appréciation  et analyse des objectifs: 

Les  activité  de  support  à  la  Commission  sont  destinées  à  appuyer  la 
mise en oeuvre  -et/ou  la formation)  des politiques  communautaires. 

89 

Fiche financière N° 2 page 3 

9.2.  Justification de l'action: 

L'application  du principe contractant-client  pour les activités de R & D 
garantit leur utilisation. 

9.3.  Evaluation: 

ces activités sont analysées et contrôlées comme toute  les autres 
activités du CCR; 

l'ensemble des  activités du CCR font l'objet de "work  schedules" 
annuels  soumis  à l'approbation  du  Conseil d'Administration  du 
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D; 

le  système  informatisé  MACS  de  comptabilité  de  gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité  de 
gestion  (Management  Efficiency  Unit)  doit  assurer  la  revue 
permanente des procédés de gestion  pour  assurer, entre  autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux; 

de  plus,  les  objectifs  à  atteindre,  les  moyens  nécessaires  et  les 
résultats  obtenus  font  l'objet  d'examens  périodiques  entre  les 
responsables  de  la  Direction  générale  du  CCR  et  les  autres 
Directions générales concernées. 

80 

Fiche financière  N° 3 page 1 

FICHE FINANCIERE N° 3: 

Prestations de services pour le compte de tiers 

1. 

Intitulé  de  l'action: 

Voir  ci-dessus. 

2. 

Lignes budgétaires  concernées: 

B6.11 
B6.121 
B6.122 
B6.431. 

personnel  (en  partie); 
infrastructures  administratives  et techniques (en  partie); 
supports scientifiques et techniques  (en  partie); 

Cette  dernière  ligne  est  destinée  a  accueillir  les  crédits  nécessaires  aux 
dépenses spécifiques des divers travaux  exécutés pour  le compte  de tiers  qui 
font, cas par cas, l'objet d'une  évaluation  avec les tiers concernés. 

Conformément  aux  dispositions  de  l'article  96  paragraphe  1 du  règlement 
financier,  cette  ligne  fera  l'objet,  en  cours  d'exercice,  de  l'ouverture  de 
crédits  supplémentaires  pour  les  dépenses  spécifiques  propres  à  chaque 
contrat  avec  un  tiers,  à  concurrence  des  recettes  à  inscrire  au  poste 
correspondant  du  budget  général. 

3. 

Base légale: 

Règlement  Financier, Article 96: 

Résolution  du  Conseil  du  29 juin  1988, concernant  les activités  devant  être 
exécutées  par  le  Centre  Commun  de  recherche  (CCR)  (J.P.  n°  C  197  du 
27.7.1988, p. 4); 

Décision  89/340/CEE  du  Conseil, du  3  mai  1988, concernant  les  travaux  en 
rapport  avec  la  Communauté  économique  européenne,  réalisés  pour  des 
tiers par  le Centre commun de recherche (JO n° L 142 du  25.5.1989, p.  10); 

Proposition  de  programme du CCR  1992-1994. 

4. 

Description de  l'action: 

4.1  Objectifs spécifiques de  l'action: 

Exécuter  sur  demande  et  contre  rémunération  des  travaux  pour  le 
compte de tiers. 

4.2.  Durée: 

Actions  ponctuelles  renouvelables  ayant  souvent  un  caractère 
plunannuel. 

4.3.  Population  visée par  l'action: 

Organismes  de  recherche,  industries  et  PME  (Petites  et  Moyennes 
Entreprises). 

91 

Fiche financière N° 3 page 2 

Classification de la dépense ou des recettes: 

5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 

5.2.  CD (Crédits dissociés). 

5.3.  Types de recettes visées: 

Ressources propres de la Communauté donnant lieu à remboursement 
et recettes tiers. 

6. 

La nature des recettes: 

Types de la dépense et de la recette: 

Les travaux  donnent  par  principe  lieu à recettes dans le cadre de  contrats 
signés avec des tiers. 

Toutefois  pour  garantir  la  couverture  légale  du  personnel  relevant  du 
Tableau  des  effectifs  et  assurer  le  fonctionnement  des  Instituts  et  des 
services  responsables  du  site  d'Ispra  une  avance  sous  forme  de  crédits 
budgétaires,  articles  B6-111,  B6-121  et  B6-122 correspondant  aux  moyens 
(frais  généraux  correspondant  au  personnel  de  recherche  envisagé  et 
utilisation  des Supports scientifiques et techniques) que  le CCR prévoit  de 
mettre  à  disposition  de  ce  type  d'activité  est  demandée  à  l'Autorité 
Budgétaire. Dans ces conditions une recette correspondante est constituée 
par  les  ressources  propres  de  la  Communauté,  mais  elle  devrait  être 
couverte par des contrats tiers d'un montant équivalent. 

Les  recettes  provenant  de  contrats  tiers  au-delà  de  ce  remboursement 
permettent  la création de crédits supplémentaires à l'article B6 431 afin de 
couvrir  des dépenses spécifiques  nécessaires pour  l'exécution  des contrats 
(article 96 du R.F.) 

7. 

Incidence financière: 

7.1.  Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action : 

Compte  tenu  de  l'expérience  du  passé  et  du  personnel  que  le CCR 
prévoit de  mettre  à disposition  de ces activités le  mode de  calcul est 
celui des autres activités du CCR. 

prévisions  des dépenses  de  personnel  sur  base  de  l'évolution 
économique  à  moyen  terme  dans  les  divers  pays  de  la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 

prévision  des  frais  généraux  et  des  supports  scientifiques  et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 

évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution  de ces 
activités pour le compte de tiers. Sur base de l'expérience acquise 
lors du programme 1988-1991 ces crédits spécifiques sont évalués 
à 40 % du coût total des contrats tiers. 

7.2.  Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total de l'action: 

Sans objet. 

92 

Fiche financière  N° 3 page 3 

7.3.  Programmation  indicative: 

En principe sans objet, s'agissant d'actions  ponctuelles. 

Le  tableau  ci-après  met  toutefois  en  évidence  l'effet  que  le  CCR 
prévoit  d'effectuer  dans  ce  domaine  au  cours  des  exercices  1992  à 
1994. 

Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 

Activité 

Personnel 

Infrastructure 
admin./tech. 

Support 
Scient./techn. 

Total 

Crédits 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

Prestations tiers 

34.068 064 

5.837 027 

3.728.573 

9.565.600 

24.367.000 

68.000.664 

7.4.  Gestion des recettes: 

Les  recettes  provenant  des  prestations  pour  tiers  d o n n e nt  lieu  à 
remboursement  des  lignes  budgétaires  concernées  (voir  point  2)  à 
concurrence des recettes encaissées. 

A  cette  fin  les  recettes  provenant  des  prestations  pour  tiers  sont 
ventilées  entre: 

r e c e t t es  d o n n a nt 

les 
supplémentaires; 

l i eu  à 

l ' o u v e r t u re  de  c r é d i ts 

les  recettes  donnant  lieu  à  remboursement  au  budget  général. 
Ces  dernières  correspondent  aux  remboursements  dus  au  titre 
des avances effectuées  par le budget  général. 

Elles concernent: 

les dépenses de  personnel; 
les frais  généraux; 
les éventuels supports scientifiques et techniques. 

Les montants  donnant  lieu  à remboursement  sont  déterminés  lors  de 
l'établissement  de  chaque  c o n t r at  de  prestations  p o ur 
t i e r s, 
conformément  aux règles internes. 

Lors  de  leur  encaissement,  les  recettes  d o nt  imputées  à  l'état  des 
recettes sur les lignes budgétaires ouvertes à cet  effet. 

8. 

Dispositions  anti-fraude  prévues dans la proposition d'action: 

Système  de  contrôle  interne  du  CCR  lui-même  et  du  contrôleur  financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 

9. 

Eléments d'analyse  coût-efficacité: 

9.1.  Appréciation  et analyse des objectifs: 

Les  activités  pour  comptes  de  tiers  sont  destinées  pour  l'essentiel  à 
renforcer  la compétitivité  industrielle de la  Communauté. 

93 

Fiche financière N° 3 page 4 

9.2.  Justification de l'action 

L'application  du principe contractant-client  pour les activités de R & D 
du CCR garantit leur utilisation. 

9.3.  Evaluation: 

le  nombre  et  le volume  des contrats signés dans ce cadre  est  un 
indice d'évaluation du coût /efficacité; 

le  système  informatisé  MACS  de  comptabilité  de  gestion, 
récemment mis en service, doit  permettre un contrôle  plus précis 
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une  unité d'efficacité  de 
gestion  (Management  Efficiency  Unit)  doit  assurer  la  revue 
permanente  des procédés de gestion  pour  assurer, entre  autres, 
la diminution des frais généraux. 

94 

worfc  for 

t h i rd  Qflr»iTt  ( e t c t u d l na  ^Fft) 

e st  imatedi  oute^m*  i g g a - i s ai  (UECin 

{Actual 
!1988-90 

I Estimate 
M991 

i 
i 

I Total 
I(est lasts) 
!1988-91 

ioojectfve 
Ifor 1992| 
j-1994  J 

1  23.5 

!  18.0 

!  40.0 

1  68 

| 

VAI. Ufc OF C0NTRAC1S SIGNFD 
Wl TH  THIRO  PARTUS 

Fiacoipts from  dt u parties 
used  to "reimburse" appro— 
pr I at ions granted  for per 
sonnel,  infrd>tru«tur# and 
overnead  expenditure 

' 
i 

Receipt*  forecast  for  1991 
I 
and  following years  in order  i 
! 
to  "reimburse"  the appro- 
! 
priations granted  for  the 
"ronds d'avanc©- 
i 

Keceipts used  to created 
i 
supplementary  appropriations-  ! 
! 
for specific expenditure on 
J 
individual  contracts with 
; 
third part ies 

3.8 

19,0* 

3,3* 

7.8 

8,0* 

TOTAL HkCEIPTS 

• 

11.4 

! 
/I/ 28,0 

• 

i 

i 

i 
i 

1 

i 
i 

i 

i 

i 

i 
i 

J 

i 
i 

1 41-44  | 
S 
i 
i 
i 
i 
i 

{ 

• 
i 

i 1 
! 
! 

i 
i 

i 
i 

: 
i 

1 
1 
1  23,0* 
1 

i 

i 
• 
i 
i 

J  3.3» 
1 
• 
• 
• 
i 
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! 
ror p«r>>onn«l°,  infrastructure  ! 
and overhead  expenditure 
which were not  u$.«.;d and 
t.irtfBfore cancelled 

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! 
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T A ^ G ST  W O RK  F OR  T H I RD  P A R T I ES 

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: 

jiuding  recoigt^  in  future  years  (1992,  etc)  resulting  from  contract* 

2,;n0a during  th* period  1988-91. 

95 

Fiche financière N° 4 page 1 

FICHE FINANCIERE N° 4: 

Exploitation du réacteur HFR 

1. 

Intitulé de l'action: 

Voir ci-dessus. 

2. 

Lignes budgétaires concernées: 

B6.11 
6220 

6221 

personnel (en partie); 
recettes  provenant  de  l'exploitation  du  HFR  et  destinées  au 
remboursement de crédits inscrits à l'état des dépenses; 
recettes  provenant  de  l'exploitation  du  HFR et  donnant  lieu  à 
l'ouverture de crédits supplémentaires. 

3. 

Base légale: 

Proposition  de  programme  du  CCR 1992-1994, Programme  complémetaire 
(le  Royaume  des  Pays  Bas  et  la  République  Fédérale  d'Allemagne) 
1992-1995. 

4.  Description de l'action: 

4.1.  Exploitation  du  réacteur  à haut flux  (HFR) de l'Institut des  Matériaux 

de Petten pour les besoins des 2 gouvernements concernés. 

4.2.  Durée: 

Exercices  1992-94. 
(Le  programme  complémentaire  est  pour  le 
période  1992-1995  bien  que  la  programmation  financière  porte 
seulement sur les trois premières années). 

4.3.  Population visée par l'action: 

Les gouvernements  du  Royaume  des  Pays  Bas et  de  la  République 
Fédérale d'Allemagne. 

5.  Classification de la dépense ou des recettes: 

5.1.  DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires). 

5.2.  CD (Crédits dissociés). 

5.3.  Types de recettes visées: 

ressources propres de la Communauté; 
recettes tiers. 

6. 

La nature de la dépense: 

Couverture  des  différents  moyens  mis  en  oeuvres  pour  l'exploitation  du 
HFR. 

86 

Fiche financière N° 4 page 2 

7. 

Incidence financière: 

7.1.  Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action: 

prévision  des  dépenses  de  personnel  sur  base  de  l'évolution 
économique  à  moyen  terme  dans  les  divers  pays  de  la 
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR; 

prévision  des  frais  généraux  et  des  supports  scientifiques  et 
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions; 

évolution  des  crédits  spécifiques  nécessaires  à  l'exécution  des 
programmes  de  recherches  (dépenses  directes  p o ur 
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats). 

Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses envisagées 
pour cette activité. 

Programme CCR 1992-94 
Moyens de réalisation 

Activité 

Personnel 

Infrastructure 
ad m in./tech. 

Support 
Scient/techn. 

Total 

Crédits 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

Exploitation 
du HFR 

20.591.428 

3.574.891 

34.780.435 

38.355.326 

10.053.000 

68.999.754 

Il  est  à  noter  que  le  calcul  de  l'incidence  financière  a  été  mené  en 
tenant  compte  d'une  contribution  en  nature  fournie  par  le 
Gouvernement néerlandais évaluée à 7,5 Mio écus en 3 ans. 

Compte  tenu  de  cette  contribution  en  nature  la  participation 
financière de chacun des 2 gouvernements concernés est de 50 %. 

Les dépenses de personnel donnent  lieu à remboursement du  budget 
général. 

7.2.  Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme: 

Sans objet. 

7.3.  Programmation  indicative. 

8.  Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action: 

Système  de  contrôle  interne  du  CCR lui-même  et  du  contrôleur  financier 
dans les quatre centres du CCR. 

9. 

Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité: 

•  Eléments  d'analyse  coût  efficacité  de  la  responsabilité  du  Comité  inter 

gouvernemental de Gestion du HFR. 

97 

PROGRAMME  C . C . R. 

1 9 9 2 - 94 

ACTIVITE 

MOYENS 0E REALISATION 

Personnel 

Infrastructure  Support 
adaln./techn. 

scient./techn. 

Total 

crédit» 
opérationnels 

TOTAL 

; 

——! 

MATERIAUX 

49.306.812 

8.027.726 

1.639.471 

9.667.197 

6.366.000  j 

65.340.009 

i  ENVIRONNENT  TRAVAIL! 
1 

MESURES  i  ESSAIS 

1 

; 

ENVIRONNEMENT 

8.073.477 

1.322.509  1 

207.524 

1.530.033 

2.277.000  | 

11.880.510 

. 

• 

53.688.813  1 

10.012.396  1 

11.561.275 

21.573.671 

13.837.000  | 

89.099.484 

• 
r 
' 

| 
1 

99.207.976  j 
; 

16.513.872  1 
, 

! 

i 
3.832.520  | 
i 

20.346.392 

28.945.000  1  148.499.368 

•  •  • 

' 

\ 

!  FISSION 

97.480.344 

18.436.924  i 

23.813.932  i 

42.250.856 

24.609.000 

!  164.340.200 

FUSION 

25.996.697 

4.591.464 

5.205.721 

9.797.185 

4.796.000  i 

40.589.882 

CAPITAL  HUMAIN 

3.087.557 

4.508.344 

29.726 

4.538.070 

17.124.000  ! 

24.749.627 

4-

Total  Prog.  Cadre 

336.841.676  j 

63.413.235  ' 

46.290.169 

109.703.404 

97.954.000  :  544.499.080  ' 

SUPPORT  COMMISSION  !  108.278.832 

18.285.928  < 

8.084.742 

26.370.670  ' 

55.351.000 

190.000.502 

PRESTATIONS  TIERS 

1 
i 

34.068.064 

5.837.027 

3.728.573 

9.565.600  J  24.367.000  i 
, 

1 

68.000.664 

Total  CCR en  8udget  I  479.188.572  , 

87.536.190  ! 

58.103.484 

145.639.674  ;  177.672.000 

302.500.246 

EXPLOITATION  OU HFR! 

20.591.428 

3.574.891 

34.780.435 

38.255.326 

10.053.000 

68.999.754 

Total  général  CCR 

499.780.000 

91.111.081 

92.883.919  :  183.995.J00  '  187.725.000 

871.500.000 

88 

PROGRAM*  OU CENTRE  COMMUN OE RECHERCHE  1992-1994. 

ECHEANCIER  PlURIANNUEL  OES ENGAGEMENTS 

Crédits  d*engageront 

Program»  1992-1994 

1992 

1993 

1994 

Total 

•  Croître 
;  irri:'.a 
;  Poite 

Intitulé 

Activité** 

i  36-3 

CENTRE  COMMUN OE  RECHERCHE! 
'PROGRAMME  CADRE  1992-1994 

96-31 

| TECHNOLOGIES  DIFFUSATES 

36.312 
36.3121 
36-3122 

'Technologies  industriel  le*  et  dtt  meter1au* 
i  Tecnnologiet  industrielles  et  des  netéHtux 
;  Mesures  et  e s t a it 

25.061 
27.796 

25.563 
29.743 

26.557 
31.561 

77.221 
89.100 

i  Total  de  l ' a r t i c le  86-312 

52.877 

53.328 

58.116 

156.321 

|  36-32 
I 
I  B8-321 
|  36-3211 
I 
!  36.323 
|  86-3232 
:  86.3233 

[GESTION  OES RESSOURCES NATURELLES 

jEnvironnement 
|  Environnement 

|Energie 
j Sûreté de la fission nucléaire 
| Put ion tnermonucléâlrt contrôlée 

46.049 

a. 735 

51.715 

146.499 

56.460 
12.674 

52.767 
13.511 

55.073 
14.206 

164.340 
40.590 

| Total dt l'article 86-323 

117.403 

115.033 

120.993 

353.429 

86.33 

(VALORISATION OES RESSOURCES  INTELLECTUELLES 

86-331 

|  Capital  hum In  et  m o b i l i té 

7.920 

8.217 

6.813 

24.750 

36.35 

iRECHERCHÉ  EXPLORATOIRE 

36*351 

|  Recherche  e x p l o r a t o i re 

pm 

pm 

pm 

pm 

j TOTAL,  QV  MQÇRAMMf  ÇAflK  gj  Ç.ÇR,, 

178.200 

176.576 

187.724 

544.500 

; CENTRE COMMUN OC RECHERCHEl 
|ACTIONS O'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OC SUPPORT 
I 
|SUPPORT S/T AUX AUTRES DIRECTIONS GENERALES 
I 
'PRESTATIONS POUR LE CCMPTC OC TIERS 
I 
'.EXPLOITATION  OU REACT .A  A HAUT FLUX 

l  86-42 
I 
|  86-43 
I 
I  86-44 

SS.617 

66.606 

67.577 

190.000 

21.437 

22.747 

23.816 

66.000 

20.864 

22.977 

25.139 

69.000 

TOTAL  ACTIONS  D'ACCOMPAGNEMENT  ET OE SUPPORT  I 

96.136 

U2.330 

116.532 

327.000 

1 TOTAL WflAL.  Km  CQMffltt  QC MfflBffll 

I  2".33S 

290.906 

304.256 

671,500 

99 

STATEMENT OF IMPACT 

ON COMPETITIVENESS 

AND  EMPLOYMENT 

100 

1-

1. 

The main  reason for  introducing  the  measure 

The  proposed  EEC and  EAEC specific  programmes  constitute  a  contribution 
to  the  implementation  of  the  Third  Framework  Programme  for  Community 
Research and Technological  Development  (1990-1992)  in those fields, where 
the  JRC  can  offer  an  impartial  and  independent  expert  opinion  for  t he 
benefit  of  all  Community  policies.  This  applies  notably  to  prenormative 
research  in  the  fields  of  materials,  w o r k i ng  e n v i r o n m e n t,  reference 
to 
measurements  and  methods  in  non-nuclear  and  nuclear  areas, 
environmental  research  and  to  research  on  nuclear  and  industrial  safety. 
Finally,  the  human  capital  and  mobility  scheme  will  provide  training  f or 
around  200  young  researchers  annually  in  the  JRC,  collaborating  w i th 
national  laboratories. 

2. 

Features of  the  business in  question 

The  programmes  by their  very  nature are deemed  to  be of  interest to  a  wide 
range  of  businesses,  including  small  and  medium  sized  ones. 
In  relevant 
areas of  mutual  interest,  active  collaboration  for  achieving  the  programme 
objectives will  be sought w i th  industry throughout  the  Community. 

3. 

Obligations  imposed  on business 

In general, no direct obligations are foreseen following  the  implementation 
i n to 
of  the  proposed  Council  Decisions. 
collaboration  agreements  with  the  JRC related  to  the  execution  of  part  of 
the  programmes will satisfy obligations  under such  agreements. 

Industries  possibly  e n t e r i ng 

4. 

Indirect  obligations  likely  to  be  imposed on  business  by  national,  regional 
or local  authorities 

None are envisaged. 

5. 

Special provisions in respect of SME's 

The  JRC will  - as in the  past  - endeavour,  through  the  appropriate  channels 
and  schemes,  to  make  the  results  of  its  research  under  the  programmes 
available  to  small  and  medium-sized  enterprises.  Such enterprises  are  users 
of  the  JRC research  installations  and  execute  projects for  the  exploitation  of 
JRC research. 

Finally,  the  JRC for  the  general  operation  of  its  geographical  sites  in  many 
areas, draws upon the services provided  by small and medium-sized  firms. 

6. 

Likely effects  o n: 

a) 

The competitiveness  of  business 

The  research  envisaged  under  the  proposed  programmes  possesses 
chiefly  a prenormative  dimension, and  its outcome  should  lead  to  the 
setting  up  of  further  norms, standards  and  codes of  practice  in  several 
areas of  industry, business and societal affairs, including  the  protection 
of  the  human  and  natural  environments.  The  overall  effect  is  a 
contribution  to  the  further  fostering  of  the  large  internal  market  of 

101 

2-

the  Community  and  thereby  an  addition  to  the  measures  for  the 
increase  of  the  competitivity  of  industry  and  other  businesses.  The 
prenormative research, both long and short-term, will inter alia lead to 
new  technological  developments  of  industrial  interest  and  to  the 
provision of new instrumentation for correctly gauging compliance to 
norms,  standards  and  regulations  set  by  European  or  international 
standardization  bodies, as well  as national  or  Community  regulatory 
authorities.  The  development  and  access  of  industry  to  such 
instrumentation  (ranging  from  large  scale  test  and  experimental 
facilities to reference materials for numerous purposes) will contribute 
to quality, reliability and safety of products and processes, and thus to 
the competitiveness of business and industry. 

b)  Employment 

In addition  to the jobs provided  by the  JRC on  its four  geographical 
sites  housing  the  scientific  Institutes, the  housing  of  2000  staff  and 
their families, young researchers under training, scientific visitors and 
seconded national experts, the staff of the European schools and local 
services, have  an  important  social aspect  extending  well  beyond  the 
research activities and their supporting services.  The highly diversified 
demands for services and consumer goods from the entire JRC-related 
population  has led, in fact, and continues to lead to the creation and 
maintaining of jobs, both in the local communities around the JRC sites 
and  more  widely  throughout  Europe.  The  increasing  efforts  of 
associating JRC research with similar national research has likewise on 
national grounds, led to the creation of new jobs specifically concerned 
with  the  collaboration  with  the JRC.  This trend  may accelerate  with 
the proposals for the JRC programmes for 1992-1994. 

In a broader context, there are examples of the results obtained at the 
JRC leading to new initiatives either in existing firms or in the creation 
of  new firms: this obviously tends to create new jobs.  This trend  will 
continue, with the Centre more and more closely oriented to the needs 
of European industry and operating in collaboration with it. 

7.  Consultation of representative organisations 

The proposed EEC and EAEC programmes will be submitted to the Economic 
and Social Committee for opinion and the EAEC programmes likewise to the 
Scientific and Technical Committee.  During preparation of the programmes, 
close contact has been maintained, notably tor the prenormative dimension, 
with the Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee. 

The programme proposals are elaborated in a long-lasting dialogue with the 
JRC Board of Governors and discussed or to  be discussed with  the  relevant 
committees for the Shared Cost Action programmes belonging to the same 
lines of the Framework Programme as the JRC programmes. 

Finally,  the  programmes  which  will  be  executed  by  the  JRC  scientific 
institutes  are  included  in  the  standing  consultations  with  the  Institute 
Advisory  Boards  for  the  JRC  Institutes,  as  well  as  the  JRC  Scientific 
Committee. 

102 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(91) 281 final 

DOCUMENTS 

EN 

15 

Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-333-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-74732-3 

Office  for Official  Publications of the European Communities 
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