PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL REGULATION ( EEC ) LAYING DOWN, IN RESPECT OF HOPS, THE AMOUNT OF AID TO PRODUCERS FOR THE 1990 HARVEST
Date: 1991-07-16
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: hops, production aid

COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

C0M(91) 262  final 

Brussels, 16 July  1991 

'•*6am 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION  (EEC) 

laying down,  in respect  of  hops, the amount of aid  to producers 
for  the  1990 harvest 

REPORT OF THE COMMISSION.TO THE COUNCIL 

on the production and marketing of hops 

(1990 havest) 

It  is  proposed  that  on  the  basis  of  the  attached  Report  of  the 
Commission  on  the  production  and  marketing  of  hops  for  the  1990 
harvest  the  Council  adopt  the  proposal  for  a  regulation  setting 
aid  to  hop  producers  for  the  1990  harvest  at  the  following 
I eve I s : 

-  aromatic  varieties: 
-  bitter  varieties: 
-  other  v a r i e t i e s: 
-  experimental  varieties: 

340  ecu/hectare, 
340  ecu/hectare, 
340  e c u / h e c t a r e, 
340  ecu/hectare. 

This  proposal  means  a  decrease  in  the  average  level  of  aid  to 
producers  of  6.1  % as  compared  with  the  1989  harvest.  Since 
growers'  returns  per  hectare  improved  by  10.0  %  over  the  previous 
year  whereas  production  cost  went  up  by  not  more  than  6.0  %  this 
slight  cut  in  the  average  level  of  aid  seems  justifiable. 

Despite  the  generally  envisaged  lowering  of  the  level  of  aid  it 
is  proposed  to  maintain  the  amount  of  340  ecu/hectare  (for  the 
1989  harvest)  for  aromatic  varieties.  Returns  from  this  variety 
group  did  not  keep  pace  with  the  overall  development. 

In  view  of  the  provisions  of  Article  12  of  Regulation  (EEC)  No 
1696/71,  and  since  the  aid  to  producers  is  supposed  to  supplement 
g r o w e r s'  income  the  Commission  is  bound  to  propose  a  reduction  in 
the  level  of  aid  for  bitter  and  other  hops.  Returns  for  varieties 
of  these  groups  have  improved  considerably,  i.  e.  by  21.8  %  for 
bitter  hops  and  31.3  %  for  other  hops.  An  amount  of  340  ecu/ 
hectare  is  proposed  for  bitter  varieties  and  one  of  340  ecu/ 
hectare  for  other  varieties  as  compared  with  390  and  400  ecu/ 
hectare  respectively  for  the  1989  harvest. 

Referring  to  Article  12a  which  was  introduced  last  year  into 
Regulation  (EEC)  No  1696/71  the  Commission  furthermore  proposes 
to  grant  aid  to  producers  for  experimental  strains.  This  should 
be  done  at  the  same  rate  as  that  for  other  varieties  in  order  to 
facilitate  the  continuous  development  of  new  varieties  which  is 
most  essential  to  the  Community  hop  sector. 

The  cost  of  the  proposal  to  the  EAGGF,  Guarantee  Section,  is 
estimated  at  10.1  million  ecu. 

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL REGULATION  (EEC) No 

/ 

of 
laying down,  in respect of  hops, the amount of aid to producers 
for  the  1990 harvest 

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, 

Having regard to the Treaty establishing  the European Economic Community, and in 

particular Article 43 thereof, 

Having  regard  to Council  Regulation  (EEC) No  1696/71 of 26 July  1971 on the 

common organization of  the market  in hops^1^, as  last amended by Regulation 

(EEC) No 3577/90( 2 ), and  in particular  Articles  12(7) and  12a thereof, 

Having  regard  to the proposal  from the Commission, 

Having  regard  to the opinion of  the European Parliaments3^, 

Whereas Article  12 of Regulation  (EEC) No  1696/71 provides that aid may be 

granted  to hop producers  to enable  them  to achieve a fair  income; whereas the 

amount of  this aid  is fixed per  hectare and differs according  to varieties, 

taking  into account  the average return on the areas  in full  production  compared 

with  the average returns for previous harvests, the current  position of  the 

market  and  trends  in costs; 

Whereas Article 12a of  the same Regulation provides that aid to producers may 

also be granted  for areas cultivated with expérimentai  strains  in order  to 

facilitate the development of new varieties, 

Wfcereas an ex a* I nation of  the results of  the  1990 harvest  shows the need to fix 

aid for groups of varieties of hops cultivated  in the Community; wtoreae aid ta 

producers should also be granted  for areas cultivated witu axpar liaenta» strains; 

HAS ADOPTED THIS REGULATION: 

CD  ÔJ No L  175, 4.8.1*71, p. 1. 
<*) 04 No L 353,  17.ta.t9W. p. 23. 

-  2 

A r t i c le  1 

1.  For  the  1990  harvest,  aid  shall  be  granted  to  the  producers of  hops 

cultivated  in  the Community  for  the groups of  varieties  set  out  in the  Annex 

as well  as  for  experimental  strains. 

2.  The  amount  of  the  aid  shall  be  as  set  out  in the  Annex. 

Article  2 

This  Regulation  shall  enter  into  force  on  the  third  day  following  its  publication 

in the Official  Journal  of  the  European  Communities. 

This  Regulation  shall  be  binding  in  its entirety  and  directly  applicable  in all 

Member  States. 

Done  at  Brussels, 

For  the  Council 

The  President 

-  3 -

A N N E* 

Aid  to hop producers  for  the  1990 harvest 

Group of varieties 

Aid amount  (ECU/ha) 

Aromatic 
Bitter 
Other 
Experimental  strains 

340 
340 
340 
340 

SUMMARY 

T»t»es 

Pages 

1. 

Introduction 

2. 

1990 harvest 

2.1. 

World situation 

2.1.1. 

Production 

2.1.2. 

Market trends 

2.2. 

Community 

2.2.1. 

Production structure 

2.2.2. 

Production 

2.2.3. 

Sales and prices 

2.2.4. 

Returns 

2.2.5. 

Costs 

3. 

Outlook 

* 

,. 

4. 

The common organization of the market  in hops... 

4.1. 

4.2. 

Community policy on the hop market... 

Aid for varietal conversion 

5. 

Conclusions 

.1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

3 

3 

4 

6 

9 

12 

14 

17 

17 

18 

20 

4 

1. 

Introduction 

Article  11 of  Regulation  (EEC) No 1696/71  requires  the Commission  to 

present  to the Council  an annual  report  on  the production and 

marketing of  hops.  The purpose of  this report  is to provide 

information on trends  in production, prices and  demand. 

This report, which  is the 20th annual  report  presented  by  the 

Commission, outlines the main éventa  in the  1990 harvest  year. 

Community  hop production was extremely  low as a result of 

unfavourable growing conditions.  At  the same  time production  in non-

member  countries was too  low to compensate  for  the considerable 

reduction  in Community  production.  The resultant  supply shortage  led 

to an exceptionally sharp  rise  in free hop prices.  This  in turn 

considerably  increased  the return per  hectare  for Community  hop 

growers,  in spite of  the poor  yield per  hectare. 

The Commission  proposes  that  hop producera should once more be 

granted  aid  to supplement  their  incomes. 

2. 

1990 harvest 

2.1 

World  situation 

2.1.1  Production 

At  a total  of  89 417 ha worldwide,  the area under  hops  in 1990 was 

slightly  down on  1989  (see Annex, Table  1 ).  However,  In practice  it 

is not  possible  to establish  the exact  size of  this area, since for a 

number  of major  hop producing  countries such as the USSR, China or 

Romania, only estimated  figures are available.  These countries are 

politically  so closed off  that  no reliable figures can  reach  the 

outside or  no data are available as a result  of  the  lack of  internai 

statistics. 

-  2 -

With  few exceptions, the area under  hops was smaller  in all  producer 

countries.  There was a considerable  reduction  in the United  Kingdom. 

By contrast  there was a further expansion of  the area under  hops  in 

Germany.  The growth  in the area under  hops  in the USA  continues 

apace.  A further  371  ha were added  and  the total  area under  hops  is 

now more than  14 300 ha. 

At about  2 201  000 zentners, the 1990 harvest  was well  below  the 

average  for  the past  several  years.  The reasons for  this were 

unfavourable  natural  conditions  for yields,  in particular  in the main 

European producer  countries, although  the USA was not  able to 

maintain  the yields per  hectare of previous years either. 

The small  harvest  was not offset  by a comparatively  high  alpha  acid 

content.  At 6.1% this was roughly  the same as the average of  the 

last  twenty  years.  Germany  in particular, where  less than 5% of 

alpha acid vs  harvested, was hit by a very unsatisfactory yield.  By 

contrast  the alpha acid contents  in the USA and Australia were  within 

normal  limits. 

The approximately  6 660 t of alpha  acid obtained  in 1990 fell  far 

short  of  the brewing  industry's  requirements, estimated  at 7 600 -

7  900 t for  the 1990/91  brewing  year.  This means  that  for  the third 

year  running  alpha acid supply  from current  production was  below 

demand, which  has now  led to a serious cumulative shortage  in 

supplies to the market. 

2.1.2 Market  trends 

In view of  the fact  that  tho 1990 harvest  meant  that  production was 

again  less than expected,  and  indeed  fell  far  short  of  expectations, 

world market  prices had  to rise.  This was especially  the cas©  since 

brewery  stocks  fell  sharply  last  year  and  the small  1990 harvest  put 

an even greater  strain on  them. 

- 3 -

The  resultant  situation was not unlike that  in 1980.  For certain 

varieties, free hop prices were several  times higher  than  in the 

previous year, i.e. DM 1 500 In Germany and USD 3/lb  in the USA.  A 

further  price  increase was prevented by postponing  some delivery 

obligations until  1991. However, this has only passed on a major 

part of the supply problems to the coming season. 

2.2 

Community 

2.2.1 Production structure 

As  in the agricultural  sector  in general, structural  change  in hop 

growing  continued.  At present 6 542 farms  in the Community  produce 

hops (see Table  1 ), !.e. about 5% down on 1989.  Over  the same period 

the average size of the area under  hops per farm  increased  from 3.8 

to 4.0 ha. 

TABLE  1 :  Number and size of hop-growing  farms  in the Community 

Number of 

Total area 

Area under hops 

farms 

under hops (ha) 

per farm (ha) 

Federal Republic of 
Germany1 

France 

Belgium 

United Kingdom 

Ireland 

Spain 

Portugal 

ec 

4.119 

20.113 

164 

118 

234 

2 

1.865 

40 

531 

369 

3.385 

17 

1.412 

125 

6.542 

25.952 

4.9 

3.2 

3.1 

14.5 

8.5 

0.8 

3.1 

4.0 

1  Not including the territory of the former GDR. 

-  4 -

2.2.2 Production 

At a total of 25 952 ha, the area under  hops  In the Community  in 1990 
was 266 ha  (1.0%) down on 19891  (see Annex, Table  1 ).  This decrease 

is due above all  to set-aside  in England, some of which, however, is 

only  for a  limited period.  Likewise, some of  the areas taken out of 

production  in Belgium, Spain and Portugal  can be expected  to be 

cultivated again next year, especially since these Member  States are 

implementing extensive varietal  conversion measures. 

Stimulated by the higher  level of producer  prices, the area given 

over  to aromatic varieties was extended  further, to the detriment of 

bitter  and other  varieties  (see Annex, Table 2 ).  Aromatic varieties 

are now grown on 58% of  the area under  hops,  i.e. 10% up on 1981. 

The area under  the Hersbrucker  variety has  increased by more than 

1 500 ha over  the  last three years and now accounts for almost 50% of 

the area given over  to aromatic varieties.  Given  the heavy 

dependency of  the hop market on  the varietal  policy of a small  number 

of  large breweries, this trend has created a considerable potential 

risk. 

This does not  include production  in the territory of  the former 
German Democratic Republic, where a total of 53 206 zentners of hops 
were harvested on 2 286 ha  in 1990. 

- 5 -

The proportion of  the area given over  to bitter  varieties  has fallen 

from 50% to 41%  in 1990.  The  reduction  in this area  has  affected 

above  all  the Northern Brewer  and Brewer's Gold  varieties, which  have 

been cut by about  700 ha each over  the  last  three years.  The 

relatively  sharp  fall  in "other" varieties  is due mainly  to the fact 

that  the Orion and Omega  varieties are no  longer  classified  in this 

group but now fall under  the bitter  varieties. 

In terms of  quantity,  the 1990 harvest  was extremely  poor.  At  only 

714 999 zentners, the harvest  was  lower  than at any other  time  since 

the common organization of  the market  came  into being.  The bad 

harvest  was a result  mainly of  the dry weather  which, apart  from  the 

shortage of water,  increased  crop damage due to pests. 

The sharpest  relative  fall  In the quantity  harvested  (31%) was 

recorded  by Portuguese  hopgrowers, although  part  of  this decrease  was 

due  to a reduction  In the area under  hops.  However, on  the whole, 

the  fall  in the quantity  produced  In the Federal  Republic of  Germany 

was considerably  greater,  the harvest  being  almost  90 000  zentners 

(14%) down on  1989. 

The average  yield  per  hectare was a mere  27.6 zentners,  i.e. more 

than  15% down on  the average  for  the  last  20 years. 

The already  unsatisfactory supply  situation  due  to the small 

quantities harvested  was made even more acute by  the  low alpha  acid 

content.  At  an average of 5.4% this was extraordinarily  low and,  in 

conjunction  with  the poor  yields per  hectare,  led to an extremely  low 

alpha output  of only 74.3 kg/ha.  This means  that  total  alpha acid 

production  in the Community  fell  below 2 000 t for  the first  time and 

was more  than 20% below  the average  for  the  last  five years. 

2.2.3 Sales and prices 

- 6 -

To a great extent  the market was unprepared  for  the poor  1990 

harvest.  Only weeks before the harvest  in Germany began, a harvest 

of 687 000 zentners was forecast,  i.e. almost  140 000 zentners more 

than were actually  harvested. 

The poor  harvest  led to a considerable shortage on  the spot market, 

where a mere 70 300 zentners were sold,  i.e.  less than 10% of  the 

total market  volume  (see Annex, Table  8 ).  Given  the shortages, 

extreme price  increases on the free hop market were unavoidable, 

especially since brewers' stocks had already been  reduced 

considerably  as a result of  the below-average harvests of  the past 

few years.  In addition, over  the past  few years more and more 

breweries have decided  to use  the  less expensive spot market  to cover 

a major  part of  their  requirements.  This means  that  they were 

heavily dependent  on the free hop quantity provided by  the 1990 

harvest. 

Although production  in the former GDR became available  for  the 

Community  market  following German economic and monetary union, this 

brought  relief only  In as much as there was no additional  demand for 

beer  in the new  territories. 

Community  average spot  prices rose from ECU  134.58  in 1989 to 

ECU 468.82  in 1990,  i.e. a relative  increase of  248% (see Annex,. 

Table  9 ).  Prices reached  their  highest on  the German market, where a 

zentner of  free hops went  for an average of ECU 506.  For some 

varieties the highest  prices were considerably  higher  than this 

level, e.g. DM  1 500 (ECU 638) were bid  for Northern Brewer  and 

Perle.  At  times the price for  the Brewer's Gold variety was DM  1 200 

(ECU  510),  i.e. almost  five times the previous year's  level. 

-  7 -

However, the coincidence of a poor  harvest with  low  brmmry  stocks 

could  have  led to considerably  higher  prices on  the free hop market 

If those  involved had not  taken measures  to relieve  the supply 

shortage.  In particular  these  Included  the carrying  forward of 

contractual  supply obligations  to next season.  In many  cases 

breweries contented  themselves with buying  just enough  hops to see 

them  through  to the next  harvest, which, however, makes  it necessary 

to use up any  remaining stocks completely.  In addition to reducing 

slightly  the amount of alpha added, breweries switched over  to other 

varieties  in cases where the previously used varieties were 

unavailable or  had become too expensive.  For example  the Hersbrucker 

variety, for which  there was only a small  free hop market  and whose 

alpha acid content  was very unsatisfactory, was replaced  to a  large 

extent  by the Perle variety. 

- 8 -

/ 

TABLE 2: 

Average prices for selected hop varieties  in the Federal 
Republic of Germany, 1983-1995 

Prices  in ECU/Ztr 

Hal 1er-
tauer 

Tettnan-
ger 

Hers-
brucker 

Northern 
Brewer 

Brewer's 
Gold 

Spot market 

1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1! 

125.27 
111.21 
194.96 
129.26 
220.35 
227.86 
218.54 
555,18 

Contract market1 

1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 

178.16 
181.88 
191.60 
196.39 
195.37 
200.33 
199.91 
205,59 

Forward contracts 

198.84 
161.06 
207.53 
138.17 
228.09 
230.82 
231.25 
637,16 

212.72 
218.52 
288.92 
226.33 
220.11 
223.20 
220.66 
221,31 

67.61 
78.24 
126.20 
94.94 
209.15 
216.85 
173.65 
425,20 

104.19 
69.93 
102.72 
62.88 
76.55 
142.73 
127.48 
576,85 

69.20 
43.10 
45.70 
24.45 
54.50 
93.18 
88.09 
427,33 

166.23 
164.87 
168.96 
170.17 
169.38 
170.68 
168.57 
167,36 

151.12 
154.13 
161.41 
171.77 
169.80 
168.54 
160.09 
161,42 

142.37 
144.78 
147.58 
144.62 
137.94 
126.64 
116.89 
116,81 

1991 
1992 
1993 
1994 
1995 

155.89 
154.19 
149.95 
150.37 
150.37 

221.31 
221.31 
220.88 
220.88 
220.88 

155.89 
152.92 
150.80 
149.95 
150.37 

154.19 
154.19 
150.37 
152.07 
151.65 

112.14 
113.42 
112.99 
113.84 
115.11 

1 

The prices shown are the average prices specified  in contracts signed  in 

previous years for  the relevant harvest. 

-  0  -

By contrast  the trend on  the contract market was quite undramatic. 

However, this was no surprise since even new forward  contracts, i.e 

those which  came  into effect  for  the first  time during  the  1990 

harvest, had been concluded  at a time when  the size of  the harve?* 

could  not  be estimated.  As a Community  average, the prices for 

bitter  hops were slightly up on  1989,  i.e. an  increase of  1.6% to 

ECU  153/ztr.  By contrast, at  ECU 177/ztr  the contract  prices for 

aromatic  hops were at  the same  level  as  in 1989. 

2.2.4  Returns 

In spite of  the extremely  poor  harvest, down almost  12% on  1989, hop 

growers  increased  their  returns considerably,  due solely  to the high 

free hop prices. 

The average  return per  hectare  in full  production  increased  from 

ECU 5 136 to ECU 5 651, or  10% (see Table 3 ).  As a result of  the 

comparatively  good  yields per  hectare and an  Increase  in spot  market 

prices way  above  the average, the returns per  hectare  for  bitter 

varieties rose by  21.8%.  The average  level of  returns  for  bitter 

varieties  (ECU 5 644/ha), which waa approximately 20% below  the  level 

for  aromatic  varieties over  the past  few years, has now almost  caught 

up with  them  (ECU 5 663/ha). 

Although  at  31.3% the relative  increase  in returns per  hectare  for 

other  varieties was even more pronounced  than  that  for bitter  hops, 

this had only  a negligible effect  on  the overall  average  level of 

returns  for producers, as a result of  the small  area  involved. 

-  10 -

Comparing Member  States, the extremely  sharp rise  In returns  In 

Belgium stands out.  The predominant  practice  in that country of 

selling most  production on the free hop market  has  led to  income 

problems for many growers  in recent  years.  However,  it had an 

extraordinarily advantageous effect  following  the 1990 harvest.  At 

an average of ECU 11 158/ha, Belgian hop growers' returns were  three 

times the 1989  level. 

In most of  the other  hop-growing Member  States returns were also up 

on  1989.  Spain managed  to maintain the good  result of  1989.  By 

contrast,  in Portugal  there was a sharp downturn  as a result  of an 

exceedingly  poor  harvest  and  the complete  lack of a spot  market. 

Although  the general  situation  regarding  returns was a considerable 

improvement  on  1989, most  hop growers derived  little or no benefit 

from  it.  This applies  In particular  to farmers on small  holdings who 

as a rule,  in order  to reduce the risk, prefer  to sell most  of  their 

production through  forward contracts.  As a result  of  the poor' 

harvest, many of  these farms had no more hops available  after 

supplying  the quantities under  contract  and were  therefore unable to 

take advantage of  the high price  level on  the free hop market. 

TABLE 3i  Return on areas  In full production, In ECU/ha1 

- 11 -

By variety group 

1985  1986  1987  1988  1989  1990 

Aromatic 
Bitter 
Others 

6.151 
5.073 
4.118 

5.402  5.428 
4.410  4.727 
3.462  4.439 

5.586  5.562 
4.491  4.633 
4.196  4.093 

5.663 
5.644 
5.365 

1>8 
21,8 
31,1 

By country 

1985  1986  1987  1988  1989  1990  1990/89 (%) 

Federal Rep. 
5.786 
of Germany 
4.858 
France 
Belgium 
2.934 
United Kingdom  5.294 
Ireland 
5.547 
Spain 
Portugal 

5.201  5.353 
4.688  4.674 
2.189  4.199 
4.292  4.695 
1.651  4.918 
3.506  3.122 
5.231  4.763 

5.238  5.307 
6.170  5.572 
4.368  3.995 
5.001  4.577 
5.943  5.283 
3.173  4.473 
2.452  4.329 

5.616 
7.450 
11.158 
5.615 
10.817 
4.456 
3.322 

5,8 
33,7 
179,3 
22,7 
104,8 
- 0,4 
- 23,3 

By country and by variety group  M 9 9 0 )2 

Aromatic 

Bitter 

Others 

Federal  Republic 
of Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 

5.529  ( - 1 , 1) 
7.560  (25,3) 
11.800(114,6) 
5.850  (11,9) 
8.922(125,3) 
1.639  ( - 2 , 8) 

5.777  (18,9) 5.639  (28,5) 
7.322  (72,7)  -

11.098(240,1)  6.988(100,2) 
5.494  (31,5) 2.734 (-6,9) 

11.927(104,8)  -
4.462 (-0,4)  -
3.332(-23,2)  -

Areas newly  planted  in 1990 and 1989 were assumed to give 40% and 65% 
respectively of the return  from areas  in full  production. 
The  figures  in brackets show the percentage change  from 1989. 

-  12 -

2.2.5  Costs 

The average  increase  in hop production costs was approximately  6.0% 

on  1989,  i.e. a slightly greater  Increase than  in the same period 

last year  (see Table 4 ).  This  increase was caused above all  by 

inflation, although for certain Member  States  It does not become so 

apparent  when  the figures are converted  into ecus.  For example  in 

Portugal  the  increase  In costs  in national  currency was 10.8% on 

1989.  However, as a result of an exchange  rate adjustment  in the 

meantime,  It  is only  2%  in ecus. 

The highest  production cost  level  in the Community  was  in the 

United Kingdom  (ECU 9 511/ha),  i.e. the Member  State where 

traditionally paid  labour has been of" major  importance as a result of 

the farm size structure.  This considerable cost  increase of 17.7% 

over  1989  is due,  inter-alia, to  Increased expenditure on crop 

protection made necessary  in 1990 as a result  of  the unfavourable 

crowing conditions. 

Production costs  in Spain  (ECU 4 277/ha) and Portugal  (ECU 4 227/ha) 

are still  relatively  low, although  In the case of Portugal  production 

costs were considerably  below  the returns. 

TABLE 4:  Product  costs per hectare (in ecus) 

- 13 -

1989 

1990 

1990/1989 (%) 

Federal Republic of 
Germany 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Ireland 
Spain 
Portugal 

Community 

7.402 
6.638 
9.328 
8.081 
5.746 
4.312 
4.146 

7.324 

7.742 
6.803 
8.898 
9.511 
6.742 
4.277 
4.227 

7.763 

4,6 
2,5 
- 4,5 
17,7 
17.3 
- 0,8 
2,0 

6,0 

. .. 

...... 

-  14 -

3. 

Outlook 

The again very unsatisfactory quantity provided  by  the 1990 harvest 

has  led to a further  drastic  reduction  in stocks worldwide.  Stock 

levels  in European countries are at  their  lowest  for many years. 

Stock  levels  in the USA have also been reduced  considerably.  With 

beer  production currently on  the  increase, stocks  in many  breweries 

will  have been used up almost  completely  by  the next  harvest. 

This  results  in a tense market  situation  in the run-up  to the 1991 

season, which means that stable producer  prices can be expected  for 

the moment, unless  there  is a record  harvest.  This  is all  the more 

so since,  in addition  to having  to satisfy current  brewery  demand, 

the forthcoming  harvest will  also have to be used  to replenish  the 

drastically  reduced  hop stocks.  The need  to meet  supply  obligations 

from  the previous year will  restrict  trading  flexibility  even 

further.  There are many  indications  that one  harvest  will  not  be 

sufficient  to restore balance on  the under-supplied market.  Provided 

there are average harvests  in the following  years, the supply 

situation can be expected  to ease  from  1993 onwards. 

The severe shortage of  supplies resulting  from  the small  quantities 

available  from current  production  and storage  has  led to the re-

emergence of a seller's market  for  the first  time  in ten years. 

Nevertheless contract  business at  the hop trade/brewery  level  is 

still  sluggish, since  the breweries are still  hesitant  to accept  a 

higher  price  level, especially  for  long-term  forward contracts. 

Traders and growers are concluding  forward contracts  for  certain 

bitter  varieties for  the coming one or  two years at  considerably 

higher  prices.  However, there  is a marked  decrease  in the prices 

offered  for  the period  following  1992.  This can be seen as an 

indication  that  at  trader  level  there was a gap  In supplies for  the 

coming  two years, which  in view of  the current  market  situation  the 

trade would  prefer  to close now on  the contract  market. 

-  15 -

It would  be extremely  risky  to make  long-term  forecasts.  There  is no 
doubt  that  in future  the German market  will  continue  to dominate 
price formation.  The fact  that many growers  there are  concluding 
very  long-term  forward contracts  (up to 1999) at average prices well 
below production  costs has  led traders and  in particular  breweries  to 
assume  that  hops will be available permanently  at  low prices.  The 
continuing  strong growth  in areas under  hops  in the USA  reinforces 
this  impression. 

Given  the  Increasing beer production  coupled with  reduced  stocks, 
there  Is a chance at present  of a  long-term  increase  in prices, which 
would  be welcomed  by producers.  The restraint  in extending  the areas 
under  hops necessary  to achieve  this  is still  being exercised  in view 

of  the fact  that  contract  prices continue  to be too  low  in most 
European  hop-growing  countries.  However, experience of  the  cyclical 
movements of  the hop market  gives rise  to the concern  that  even a 
relatively  slight  increase  in contract  prices would  lead  to 
production  being expanded  to such an extent  that  eventually  this 
would  cancel  out  the  improvement  in the price situation. 

The political  and economic  changes  in Eastern  European  countries make 
it more difficult  to estimate  future market  trends.  It  is expected 
that  a considerable  part of  the area under  hops will  fall  victim  to 
the need  to bring  production  Into  line with market  economy 
conditions.  This applies  in particular  to the territory  of  the 
former  GDR, where  the abolition of excessively  high selling prices 
fixed by  the state has had an  Immediate  effect.  Furthermore, at 
present  It cannot  be estimated  how far an  increase  in beer 
consumption  in Eastern European countries will  lead to an  increase  in 
demand  for  hops. 

Nevertheless, any  reduction of  the areas under  hops  In Eastern  Europe 
or  the Member  States of  the Community  will  be offset  by  the 
Increasing  cultivation of  high-yield  varieties and by  the  expansion 

expected  In the Hal 1ertau and  the USA. 

I 

| 
I 

5 

•» 

I 
I 
I 
\ 

- 16 -

In the bitter  hop sector, the Community  must  expect  to  lose  further 

/ 

/ 

market  shares  to US producers.  If high-yield  varieties are 

cultivated  and  the US dollar  rate  is favourable, American  growers 

will  be able  to continue  improving  their  competitive  position on  the 

world market  for bitter  varieties.  Furthermore  they can  react  to 

price changes very much more quickly  than  their  European  counterparts 

by adapting  supply. 

The expansion of  the area under  hops  in 1991  is a clear  Indication 

that  the American hop economy  sees advantages  for  itself  in worldwide 

predatory  competition.  This  is the case primarily  for  bitter 

varieties which account  for  1 100 ha of  the newly  planted  area of 

1 250 ha.  However,  in the  long term greater market  shares  are 

expected  in the aromatic  sector  as well.  Although  at  present  these 

varieties are  finding  It difficult  to compete with  European 

varieties, a further  exacerbation  of  the existing  problems  relating 

to crop protection  product  residues  in hops  imported  into the US 

could  change  the situation abruptly. 

Furthermore,  it cannot  be ruled out  that  the severe  shortage of  some 

varieties resulting  from  the poor  1990 harvest  may  lead  to changes  in 

user  behaviour.  Breweries which  have been  forced  to resort  to other 

varieties could  decide  to continue using  the  less expensive 

alternative  provided  this has not  been detrimental.  Although  there 

Is a certain  tendency  for  breweries to decide on which  hop  varieties 

to buy case by case,  it cannot  be concluded  that  there will  be a 

large-scale decrease  in demand  for specific varieties  in favour  of 

price-dominated buying  regardless of  variety. 

-  17 -

4. 

The common organization of  the market  In hops 

4.1 

Community  policy on  the hop market 

In 1971  a common organization of  the market  in hops was established 

by Regulation  (EEC) No 1696/71.  The aim was  to  improve  product 

quality and  safeguard  the  livelihood of  hop growers.  Since  no 

special  arrangements were made  for external  trade or  intervention 

quite deliberately when  the market  organization was set  up,  the 

Community  hop sector  is highly exposed  to competition on  the world 

market. 

The essential  aspects of  the basic Regulation, which were dealt  with 

In greater  detail  by subsequent, more specific Council  and  Commission 

regulations, comprise  rules  for  the marketing of  hops via a 

certification procedure  and a forward  contract  system,  for  the 

recognition and promotion of  producer  groups, and  for  trade with  non-

EEC countries.  The Regulation also  lays down aid arrangements  for 

Community-grown  hops. 

The Community  has  two main  financial  responsibilities  in this sector. 

Firstly,  frequent  use  is made of  the arrangements whereby  aid per 

hectare  is granted  to producers with unsatisfactory  returns.  For  the 

1989 harvest  year, aid per  hectare was granted  at  a rate of  ECU  340 

for  aromatic  varieties, ECU  390 for bitter  varieties and  ECU 400 for 

other  varieties.  Secondly, special  aid  is granted  under  Regulation 

(EEC) No 2997/87  to encourage growers  to convert  to varieties  more 

suited  to market  requirements  (see also point 4.2). 

In addition  the Community  makes a contribution  towards  the  promotion 

of  newly  founded  producer  groups at  the  initial  stage  provided 

national  aid  is also granted  for  this.  However,  this measure  is now 

of  little significance  since - with  the exception of  the  territory of 

the  former  GDR  - almost  all  hop growers  in the Community  now belong 

to a recognized  producer  group.  Of course  this does not  exclude  the 

possibility  of  new groups being  founded  from  time  to time  In the 

future as a result  of  restructuring and  reorganization. 

-  18 -

4.2 

Aid  for varietal  conversion 

The  long-standing  imbalance between supply  and demand  for most  bitter 

varieties and  the resultant  problems  for  hop growers  in certain  areas 

of  the Community  led the Council  to adopt  special  measures  for  the 

hop sector  In 1987. 

Regulation  (EEC) No 2997/87  introduced  special  aid amounting  to 

ECU 2 500/ha - subject  to a maximum  area of 800 ha per Member  State  -

to be granted  to recognized producer  groups who undertake  to 

implement  a plan  to convert  areas under  bitter  varieties  to aromatic 

or  super-alpha  varieties. 

In June  1989 the Council  adopted Regulation  (EEC) No 1809/89 amending 

Regulation  (EEC) No 2997/87 with a view  to extending  the number  of 

growers qualifying  for  aid under  the varietal  conversion  programme. 

The amended  criteria now allow special  aid  to be granted  throughout 

the Community  and not  Just  in certain areas, as was originally 

provided  for.  A  further  restriction  laying down  that producer  groups 

could  take part  in the conversion programme only  if their  total  area 

did not  increase  in the period  1986 to 1988 was also  lifted.  The 

extension of  the duration of  the programme  from 31 December  1990 as 

originally  provided  for  to the end of  1992 gives the producer  groups 

more  time to  implement  their  conversion plans. 

A further  change was  introduced  by Regulation  (EEC) No 3837/90, . 

extending  the time  limit  for  implementation of  the  conversion 

programme  in the case of  Spain by a further  two years,  i.e. up to the 

end of  1994.  This amendment  became necessary when many  hop growers, 

whose  land at  the time was  involved  in a reparcelling project, made 

it known  that  they were prepared  to take part  in the varietal 

conversion programme.  However, both measures,  i.e. reparcelling  and 

subsequent  varietal  conversion, cannot  be carried out  In the time 

previously provided for. 

- 19 -

The Community  varietal  conversion programme has been  very well 

received by hop growers.  All hop-growing Member  States are taking 

advantage of it with the exception of  Ireland.  Some of the varietal 

conversion programmes  submitted  have been revised  several  times, 

above all to comply  with  requests for further  areas to be  Included 

(see Table 5 ). 

In the main, the programmes  submitted by the individual  Member  States 

provide for the grubbing up of the traditional  bitter  varieties 

Brewer's Gold and Northern Brewer, which are finding  it  increasingly 

difficult  to compete with the American  super-alpha  varieties on the 

world  market. 

TABLE 5:  Varietal  conversion programmes  submitted by the 

Member  States under  Regulation  (EEC) No 2997/87 

Type of variety to which conversion 

is to be made 

Aromatic 

Super-alpha 

Total 

Federal Republic of 

Germany 

France 

Belgium 

United Kingdom 

Spain 

Portugal 

567 

125 

52 

140 

6 

233 

45 

139 

647 

101 

166 

800 

170 

191 

787 

107 

166 

Community 

890 

1.331 

2.221 

-  20 -

5. 

Conclusions 

In view of  the above analysis of  the present  state of  the  Community 

hop market,  the Commission  proposes  that  income aid be granted  to 

growers  in respect of  the 1990 harvest. 

However,  taking  into account  the criteria  In the basic Regulation, 

the  increase  In the return per  hectare would  suggest  that  the  average 

rate of aid should be reduced.  This applies  in particular  to the 

bitter  and other  varieties, the  level of  returns  for which  is way 

above  that  in 1989. 

In addition, pursuant  to Article  12a of Regulation  (EEC) No 1696/71, 

the Commission  proposes  that  aid be granted  also  for  areas given over 

to experimental  varieties  at  the same  rate as that  granted  for 

"other" varieties. 

The possibility of granting  aid  to producers  for experimental 

varieties was  introduced  last  year when  the Council  adopted 

Regulation  (EEC) No 2780/90.  This applies  to areas  farmed by  hop 

growers on which experimental  varieties-are cultivated  in cooperation 

with  a research  institute.  The objective of  this Regulation  is to 

promote  the breeding of new varieties, which must  be carried out 

continuously  in order  to maintain  the competitiveness of  hop growing 

in the Community.  At  currently  less than 20 ha, the size of  the 

trial  areas qualifying  for  this aid  is marginal. 

- 21  -

The Commission  proposes  the following rates of  aid: 

Variety  group 

Altf (ICU/fra) 

Aromatic varieties 

Bitter  varieties 

Other  varieties 

340 

340 

340 

This proposal  would mean a decrease  in the average  rate of aid  to 

ECU  340/ha,  I.e. 6.1% down on  1989.  The cost  of  this proposal  to ths 

EAGGF Guarantee Section  is estimated  at  ECU 8.8 million  (i.e. 

ECU  10.1 million once  the dual  rate coefficient  has been  applied), as 

compared  with  ECU 9.5  million  for  the 1989 harvest. 

I oil  i «  1  AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1990 

I 
Country 

II 
Area 
ha 
1990 

Ha 
Area 
ha 

(+/-) 
1990-89 

lib 
Area 
ha 
(+/-) 
1990-81 

III 
Product, 
Ztr 

IV 
Yield 
t/ho 

V 

VI 

Product. 
Alpha t 

Percent 
Alpha 

1990 

1990 

1990 

1990 

VII 
Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 
1990 

VIII 
Beer prod. 
m/hl 
(Barth) 
1990 

IX 
Forecast 
Area 
ha 
1991 

X 
Area 
Change 
ha 
1991-90 

Fed. Republic 
of Germany (1) 
France 
Belgium 
United Kingdom 
Spain 
Portugal 
Ireland 

20.113 
531 
369 
3.385 
1.412 
125 
17 

175 
2 
-33 
-358 
-31 
-17 

923 
-229 
-477 
-2.423 
-591 
-65 
-58 

549.130 
15.695 
12.015 
91.630 
42.431 
3.412 
686 

1,37 
1.48 
1.63 
1.35 
1.50 
1.36 
2.02 

1.321.1 
23.4 
36,8 
375,7 
155.9 
11.6 
3.2 

4.8 
3.0 
6.1 
8.2 
7.4 
6.8 
9.5 

65.7 
44.0 
99.8 
111.0 
110.4 
92.8 
190.7 

104,3 
21.4 
14.1 
59.7 
27.3 
7.0 
6.5 

22.372 
567 
407 
3.600 
1.420 
125 
17 

2.259 
36 
38 
215 
8 
0 
0 

EG-12 

25.952 

-266 

-2.920 

714.999 

1.38 

1.927.8 

5.4 

74,3 

285.1 

28.508 

2.556 

United  Statee 
Auttratio 
Yugoslavia 
Czechoslovakia 
GDR 
Poland 
Hungary 
Bulgaria 

14.352 
1.085 
3.175 
11.850 
2.286 
2.257 
382 
933 

Total IHQC(-EEC) 
Total IHGC(+£EC) 

36.320 
62.272 

Japan 
USSR 
Romania 
China (Rsp.) 
North Korea 
-Others" 

845 
15.000 
2.350 
5.000 
2.000 
2.100 

371 
-28 
-29 
-100 
46 
-115 
-59 
-17 

69 
-197 

-90 
0 
-250 
0 
0 
-400 

-3.070 
-90 
-87 
23 
166 
-188 
-180 
-128 

515.778 
41.960 
81.900 
212.280 
53.206 
49.400 
8.434 
11.600 

-3.554 
-6.474 

974.558 
1.689.557 

-284 
500 
950 
1.000 
1.500 
-59 

34.120 
180.000 
32.000 
185.000 
24.000 
56.300 

1.80 
1,93 
1.29 
0.90 
1.16 
1,09 
1.10 
0.62 

1,34 
1.36 

2.02 
0,60 
0.68 
1.85 
0.60 
1,34 

2.249 
239 
262 
382 
157 
137 
24 
32 

3.482 
5.410 

100 
270 
85 
555 
72 
169 

World totol 

89.567 

-937 

-2.867 

2.200.977 

1.23 

6.661 

8.7 
11.4 
6.4 
3.6 
5.9 
5.6 
5.8 
5,6 

7.1 
6.4 

5.9 
3.0 
5.3 
6.0 
6.0 
6.0 

6.1 

156,7 
220.1 
82.6 
32,2 
68.7 
60,7 
63.9 
34,8 

95.9 
86,9 

118.3 
18,0 
36.2 
111.0 
36.0 
80.4 

232.7 
19,6 
10.5 
23.5 
15.9 
12.2 
9.8 
6.0 

15.600 
1.085 
3.200 
11.630 
0 
2.300 
362 
933 

1.248 
0 
25 
-220 
-2.280 
43 
-20 
0 

330.2 
615.3 

35.110 
63.618 

-1.210 
1.346 

65,0 
55.0 
10.0 
70.0 
1,0 
313,7 

850 
15.000 
2.000 
5.000 
2.000 
2.000 

5 
0 
-350 
0 
0 
-100 

74.4 

1.130.0 

90.468 

901 

(1)  Not Including the territory of the former GOR 

Toble  Io : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTPl£S 1931 

: 

I 

: 

II 

: 

III 

IV 

: 

V 

: 

VI 

: 

VII 

! 

VIII 

: 

Country 

: 

Area 
ho 
1989 

Production: 
"Zentner" 

Yield 
t/ho 

Production: 

Alpha 
t 

Alpha 
% 

1989 

1989 

1989 

1989 

Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 

1989 

Beer 

Production: 

(Bssru.j  : 

19fi» 

-. 

: Fed. Republic 
: of Germony 
: France 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 

: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
; 
: 

19.938  : 
529  : 
402  : 
3.743  : 
1.443  : 
142  : 
21  : 

638.782 
15.260 
12.456 
94.388 
45.392 
4.949 
512 

: EEC-12 

: 

26.218  : 

811.739 

: United States 
: Austrolia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR 
: Poland 
: Hungory 
: Bulgaria 

: Total IHGC (-EEC) 
: Total IHGC (+EEC) 

: Japon 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: China (Rep.) 
: North Korea 
: Others 

: 

: 
: 
: 
: 

: 

13.981  : 
1.113  : 
3.204  : 
11.950  : 
2.240  : 
2.372  : 
441  : 
441  : 

538.200 
49.460 
83.000 
245.460 
60.000 
49.000 
12.000 
15.600 

36.251  ' 
62.469 

1.052.720 
1.864.459 

935 
15.000 
2.600 
5.000 
2.000 
2.500 

38.780 
200.000 
32.000 
140.000 
24.000 
66.000 

1,60 
1.44 
1,55 
1.26 
1.57 
1.74 
1.19 

1.55 

1.93  : 
2.22 
1.30 
1.03  : 
1.34 
1.03 
1.36 
0.82 

1.45 
1.49 

2.07 
0.67 
0.57 
1.40 
0.60 
1.32 

1.812 
28 
36 
385 
175 
17 
2 

2.455 

2.386 
247 
280 
442 
200 
129 
36 
46 

3.766 
6.221 

100 
300 
70 
420 
70 
255 

5.7 
; 
3.7  : 
5.7 
8.2 
7,7  : 
6.9 
8.8 

90,9 
54,0 
88.7 
103.0 
121,3 
120.3 
105.2 

93,2  : 
20,9 
. 
14.0 
60.1  : 
27.2  : 
6.6  : 
5.4 

6.0 

92.6 

269.8  : 

8.9 
10.0 
6.7 
3.6 
6.7 
5.3 
6.0 
6.0  « 

7.2 
6.7 

5.2 
3.0 
4.4 
6.0 
5.8 
7.7 

170.7 
222.3 
87.4 
37.0 
89.3 
54.4 
82.1 
48.9 

103.9 
99.6 

107.0 
20.0 
25.0 
84.0 
35.0 
102.0 

231,5 

18.7  : 
12.0  : 
23.0  : 
24.8  : 
12.4  : 
9.4 
7,0  : 

338.8  : 
608,6  : 

61,0  : 
56.0  ; 
13.0  : 
60,0  : 
1.0  : 

302.4 

: 
: 

: World (total) 

90.504 

: 2.365.239 

1,30 

7.436 

6.3 

82.2 

: 1.102.0  : 

Af 

Toble 1b : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1988 

: 

I 

Country 

II 

Area 
ha 
1988 

III 

: 

IV 

V 

:  VI 

VII 

VIII 

: 

: Production: 
: "Zentner" 

Yield 
t/ho 

: Production: 
:  Alpha 

:  Alpha 

t 

X 

1988 

1988 

1988 

:  1988 

Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 

1988 

Beer 

Production: 
: 

m/hl 
(Barth) 
1988 

: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: France 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spoin 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 

19 782 
489 
418 
3 878 
1 499 
150 
21 

591 591 
15 823 
12 036 
98 308 
32 486 
3 087 
557 

1.50 
1.62 
1.44 
1.27 
1,08 
1.03 
1.30 

•  1 597 
36 
45 
395 
158 
11 
2 

5.4 
4.5 
7,4 
8.0 
9.7 
7.2 
8.3 

80,7 
72.8 
106.5 
101.4 
105.1 
74.1 
107.6  • 

92,7 
19.5 
14.0  : 
60.3 
27.0 
5.5 
5.4 

: EEC-12 

26 237 

753 888 

1.44 

2 244 

6.0 

85.5 

265.1  : 

: United States 
: Austrolia 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: DGR 
: Polond 
: Hungory 

•  13 724 
1 115 
3 188 
11 950 
2 320 
2 385 
495 

494 939 
47 200 
96 000 
307 400 
63 139 
57 000 
12 756 

: Total IHGC (-EEC) 
: Total IHX (4EEC) 

35 177 
61 414 

1 078 434 
1 832 322 

1.80 
2.12 
1.51 
1.29 
1.36 
1.19 
1.29 

1.53 
1.49 

: 

2 202 
236 
304 
615  ' 
227 
127 
33 

8.9 
10.0 
6.3 
4.0 
7.2 
4,5  • 
5.1 

3 744 
5 988 

6.9 
6.5 

160.5 
211,7 
95.3 
51.4 
97.7 
53,8 
65.7 

106.4 
97.5 

-

: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 

980 
15 000 
2 200 

950  : 
5 000  : 
4 500 

37 000 
200 000 
32 000 
15 710 
150 000 
140 000 

: 
: 
: 

1.89 
0.67 
0,73 
1,83 
1.50 
1,56  ' 

111 
300 
67 
43 
488 
395 

6.0 
3.0 
4.2  ' 
5.5 
6.5 
5.5 

113.3 
20.0 
30.5 
45,2  -
97.5 
85.6 

230.0 
19.5 
11.0  : 
22.7  : 
25.0  : 
12.3  : 
9.5 

330.0  : 
595.1  : 

53.5  : 
50,0  : 
10.0  : 
7.0  : 
55.0  : 
279.4 

: World (total) 

: 

90 044 

2 407 032 

1.34 

7 382 

6.1 

82.0 

1 050.0  : 

IB 

Toblelç  : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1987 

I 

Country 

: Fed. Republic 
: of Germony 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 

II 

: 

III 

: 

IV 

:  V 

:  VI 

VII 

:  VIII 

: 

Area 
ha 
1987 

: Production: 
: "Zentner" 

Yield 
t/ha 

: Production: 
:  Alpha 

:  Alpha 

t 

X 

:  Yield 
:  Alpha 
kg/ha 

1987 

1987 

1987 

:  1987 

1987 

Beer 
: Production: 
m/hl 

:  (Barth)  : 
1987 

19 310 
559 
436 
3 945 
1 578 
160 
34 

620 736 
14 204 
14 942 
103 476 
36 978 
6 430 
826 

1.61 
1.27 
1,71 
1,32 
1.17 
2,01 
1.20 

2 123 
47 
78 
475 
140 
21 
4 

6.84 
6.66 
10.40 
9.19 
7.58 
6.49 
9,66  • 

109.94 
84,08 
,  178,90 
121,45 
88,72 
131.25 
117,65 

92.8  : 
19.9 
14,0 
59.9 
25.8 
5.0 
5.4 

: EEC-12 

26 022 

797 592 

1.53 

2 888 

7,24  « 

111,12 

262.6 

: United States 
: Australio 
: Yugoslavia 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR 
: Polond 
: Hungary 

11 453 

764  : 
3 197  : 
11 900  : 
2 360  : 
2 445  : 
515  : 

454 033 
37 980 
108 300 
238 350 . 
71 500 : 
52 058 : 
13 311 : 

1.98  • 
2.49 
1.70 
1.00 
1.51 
1.06 
1,29 

: 
: 

: Total IHGC (-€EC)  : 
: Total IHGC (+EEC)  : 

32 634  : 
58 656  : 

975 532 : 
1 773 125 : 

: Japon 
: USSR 
: Romania 
: Bulgario 
: China 
: Others 

: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 

996  : 
15 000  : 
2 200  : 
950  : 
5 200  : 
4 273  : 

36 340 : 
220 000 : 
34 000 : 
14 020 : 
200 000 : 
89 012 : 

1.49 
1.51 

1,82 
0,73 
0,77 
0.74 
1.92 
1.04 

2 520 
184 
298 
465 
307 
103 
31 

3 908 
6 796 

98 
385 
76 
42 
750 
267 

•  11.10 
9.80 
5,50 
3.90 
8,60 
5.29 
4.60 

220,02 
240.84 
93.21 
39.06 
130.27 
42.13 
59,22 

229.3 
18.8 
11.8 
22.8 
25.0 
11.6 
9.5  : 

8.01 
7.66  : 

119,75 
115.93 

328.8 
591.4 

5.39 
3.50 
4.49 
5.97 
7.50 
6.00 

98.40 
25.67 
34.55 
39.89 
144.42 
62.49 

53,5 
50.0 
10.0  : 
7.0 
50.0 
282.3 

: World (Total) 

: 

87 275  : 

2 366 497 : 

1.36 

8 414 

7.11 

96.45 

1 044.2 

Toble 1d : AREA UNDER HOPS, PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1965 

I 

Country 

II 

Area 
ha 
1986 

III 

: 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

: 

: Production: 
: "Zentner" 

Yield 
t/ha 

: Production: 
:  Alpha 

:  Alpha 

t 

X 

:  Yield 
.  Alpha 
kg/ha 

1986 

1986 

1986 

:  1986 

•  1986 

Beer 

Production: 
: 

m/hl 
(Barth) 
1986 

: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: Spain 
: Portugal 
: Ireland 

19 649 
599 
577 
4 232 
1 616 
163 
34 

679 772 
21 730 
20 327 
101 416 
40 087 
6 589 
286 

1.73 
1.81 
1.76 
1.20 
1.24 
2.02 
0.42 

1 985 
45 
59 
376 
140 
20 
1 

: EEC-12 

26 871 

870 207 

1.62 

2 627 

: United States 
: Australia 
: Yugoslavio 
: Czechoslovakia 
: GDR 
: Poland 
: Hungary 

10 091 
755 
3 271 
11 950 
2 370 
2 433 
512 

444 684 
37 700 
91 200 
210 000 
76 200 
54 000 
12 833 

2.20 
2.50 
1.39 
0.88 
1.61 
1.11 
1.25 

2 157 
177 
267 
441 
255 
143 
40 

5.84 
4.18 
5.84 
7.42 
6.98 
6.00 
5.45 

6.04 

9.70 
9.40 
5.86 
4.20 
6.69 
5.29 
6.16 

101.04 
75,76 
102.86 
88.85 
86.57 
121.24 
22.73 

94.10 
20.66 
11.08 
59,17 
24.13 
3.95 
5.46 

97.75 

261.60 

213.75 
234.70 
•  81.63 
36.90 
107.59 
58.73 
77.15 

230.55 

18.72  : 
10.50 
22.78 
24.30 
11.38 
9.22 

: Totol  IHGC ft EEC 

58 253 

1 796 824 

1,54 

6 106 

6.80 

104.82 

589.05 

: Japan 
: USSR 
: Rornon i a 
: Bulgaria 
: China 
: Others 

1 052 
15 300 
1 800 
967 
5 190 
3 137 

37 680 
214 000 
34 000 
14 400 
200 000 
75 551 

: 

1.79 
0,70 
0.94 
0.74 
1.93 
1,20  • 

101 
375 
76 
43 
600 
227 

5.39 
3.50 
4.49 
5,97 
6.00 
6.00 

96.47 
24,48 
42.37 
44,47 
85,71 
72,25 

49.98 
55.00  : 
11.00  : 
9,00  : 

40.00 
26.19 

: World  (Totol) 

85 699 

2 372 455 

1,38 

7 528 

6.35 

86.04 

1 015.31  : 

Zh 

Toble 1c : AREA UNDER HOPS. PRODUCTION OF HOPS. ALPHA ACID AND BEER BY PRODUCER COUNTRIES 1981 

I 

Country 

: Fed. Republic 
: of Germany 
: Fronce 
: Belgium 
: United Kingdom 
: I re 1ond 
: Greece 

II 

: 

III 

: 

IV 

:  V 

VI 

:  VII 

:  VIII 

: 

Area 
ha 
1981 

: Production: 
: "Zentner" 

Yield 
t/ho 

: Production: 
:  Alpha 

:  Alpha 

t 

X 

:  Yield 
Alpha 
kg/ha 

1981 

1981 

1981 

:  1981 

1981 

Beer 
: Production: 
: 

m/hl 
:  (Barth) 
1981 

19.190 
760 
846 
5.808 
75 
25 

674.074 
28.729 
31.437 
186.788 
1.537 
800 

1.76 
1.89 
1,86 
1,61 
1,02 
1,60 

2.019 
93 
101 
754 
7 
3 

5,99 
6.47 
6.43 
8.07 
9,11 
7.50 

:  105,21 
:  122.37 
:  119.39 
:  129,82 
'  93.33 
120.00 

93.72  : 
21.85 
15.00 
•  61.55 
5.81 
2.90 

: EEC (10) 

26.704 

923.365 

1.73 

2.977 

6.45 

.  111.48 

237,34 

: United States 
: Australia 
: Yugoslovio 
: Spoin 
: Czechoslovakia 
: CDR 
: Poland 
: Hungary 

17.422  : 
1.175  : 
3.262  : 
2.003  : 
11.827  : 
2.120  : 
2.445  : 
562  : 

717.983 
47.538 
108.050 
50.509 
257.700 
54.608 
56.860 
15.080 

: 
: 

2.06 
2.02 
1.66 
1.26 
1.09 
1.29 
1.16 
1,34 

2.520 
228 
310 
177 
618 
182 
90 
37 

7.02 
9.59 
5,74  : 
7,01 
4.80 
6.67 
3,17 
4,91 

144.64 
194.04 
95.03 
88.37 
52.25 
85.85 
36.81 
65.84 

228.95 
20.17 
12.00 
20.92 
23.93 
24.00 
11.30 
7.80 

: Total IHGC ft EEC 

67.520  : 

2.231.693 

1,65 

7.139 

6,40 

105.73 

585.42 

: Japan 
: USSR 
: Romanio 
: Bulgaria 
: China (Rep.) 
: Others 

: 
: 
: 
: 
: 
: 

1.129  : 
14.500  : 
1.400  : 
1.061  : 
4.000  : 
2.824  : 

25.700 : 
180.000 : 
22.300 : 
14.900 . 
120.000 : 
58.240 : 

1.14 
0.62 
0.80 
0.70 
1.50  : 
1.03 

65 
315 
50 
33 
220 
175 

5.06 
3.50 
4.48 
4,43 
3.67 
6,00 

57.57 
21.72 
35.71 
31.10 
55.00 
61.87 

46.48 
65.00 
11.50 
5.40 
11.38 
228.11 

: World (Total) 

: 

92.434  : 

2.652.833 : 

1,43 

7.997 

6,03 

86.51 

954.28 

total 

Arome 

Sitter 

Toble  2  : HOPS: Areo  cultivated,  by  M m b ar  Stat*  ond  variety  «roup  -  1SS1.  1SSS.  ISSS and  1996 

t»88 

tsee 

1981 

1990 

1988 

1986 

1981 

ho 
I 
P 
X 

ha 
I 
P 
X 

ha 
I 
P 
X 

B 

UK  ha 
I 
P 
X 

IPX ho 
I 
P 
X 

SP  ho 
I 
P 
X 

P 

ha 
I 
P 
X 

EEC ha 
I 
P 
X 

two 

20113 
104 

19782 
103 

19649 
102 

19190 
100 

78X 

7531 

73X 

67X 

531 
69 

489 
64 

699 
91 

760 
100 

369 
43 

418 
49 

IX 

578 
68 

2X 

846 
100 

3365 
58 

3878 
66 

4232 
72 

5803 
100 

13X 

15X 

16X 

20X 

17 
22 

21 
28 

38 
48 

79 
100 

OX 

OX 

1412 
70 

1499 
74 

1616 
80 

2003 
100 

125 
70 

cz 

150 
64 

IX 

163 
91 

178 
too 

tx 

2SE32 
89 

26237 
90 

28673 
93 

28899 
100 

100X 

100X 

100ft 

ho  : hector*» 

I : Index bote  190 - 1981 
p  : percentage of total  oraa 
X  : percentage of total EEC production 

13085 
123 
65X 
87X 

12165 
114 
6IX 
ssx 

11001 
103 
56X 
S3X 

10616 
100 
5SX 
77X 

436 
225 
82X 
3X 

124 
77 
34X 
IX 

1312 
46 
39X 
9X 

6 
50 
38X 
OX 

3 
37 
OX 
OX 

ox 
OK 

345 
177 
71X 
2X 

129 
81 
31X 
IX 

1605 
56 
41X 
11X 

5 
41 
24X 
OX 

8 
100 

1ft 
OX 

241 
124 
34X 
2X 

107 
67 
19X 
IX 

1836 
64 
43X 
14X 

6 
50 
17X 
OX 

9 
112 

IX 
OX 

194 
100 
26X 
IX 

159 
100 
19X 
IX 

2644 
100 
49X 
21X 

12 
100 
16X 
OX 

8 
100 
OX 
OK 

ox 
ox 

OX 
OX 

OX 
ox 

14987 
108 
98X 
100X 

14258 
103 
94ft 
100ft 

13199 
99 
49X 
100ft 

13833 
100 

100ft 

1990 

6730 
s? 
33X 
63X 

16 
17X 
«6 

230 
39 
82ft 
2ft 

7236 
se 
37X 
63X 

139 
29 
26X 
IX 

m 
42 
68ft 
2X 

tie* 

8223 
tee 
42X 
63X 

356 
76 
SIX 
SI 

448 

78ft 

2048 
71 
6IX 
19ft 

2142 
74 
95ft 
19ft 

2283 
78 
93ft 
17» 

«ttt 
tot 
43R 
t«ft 

6t» 

77» 
m 

Mt6 

11 
17 

1409 
70 
100X 
13X 

129 
70 
100X 
IX 

10842 
73 
41ft 

16 
29 
76X 
Oft 

1491 
74 
99X 
13X 

190 
84 
100ft 
1ft 

«3 

83ft 

84ft 

180ft 
12ft 

183 
81 

14ft 

ITS 

TX 

14512 

11446 
78 
44X 
100ft 

13892 
98 
49ft 

Other» 

198S 

1986 

1981 

298 
78 

IX 
67X 

«I 
1ft 

19 
J8 
«ft 
4ft 

29 
30 

IX 
7» 

OX 
Oft 

Oft 

8 

8ft 

381 
99 

72ft 

4 
es 

ift 
tx 

te 
41 
«ft 
3X 

131 
197 
3X 
MX 

0 

Oft 
OK 

OX 
Oft 

0 

ex 

425 
111 
2X 
73X 

1 
16 
OX 
OX 

23 
58 

4X 
4X 

133 
160 
SX 
23X 

3X 
OX 

OX 
OX 

OX 
OX 

343 
87 

fft 

932 
T84 

2ft 
t80X 

982 
114 
2X 
100X 

382 
100 
2X 
75X 

6 
100 

IX 
IX 

39 
100 
9X 

83 
100 

IX 
16X 

OX 
OX 

OX 
ox 

ox 
ox 

510 
100 
2X 
100X 

>* 
•**» 

» - - — ' -'  •--—• ^—*:-—. 

^ • . ^M. .J. . . w . .T^ . .r f l ri — r r r r u â W ii  ~  jmr'^Y^-^Tn'-^^rMt'T'ysiitrr-iii mni ir  :-in<'ii'^îMii'Ni  iShft ifl lutfisi lèrii i c. j ~ ' rif i~rr 11~ i r jfterji fciiij <»ifi i ira f ni j> <  -r 

i r -i  • •*• -i^iw-i'"  • r  -i  \ i x ^ » ' ^*  ^ - - ^ -. 

• le,3  :  BALANCÉ OF PS09UCTI0M -  AfWbATtC 4MB BITTE*  ¥*JMtT»CS  ( 

198») 

ML 

1967 

1988 

1989 

1990 

611 tar 

Bitter 

Bitter 

A r am 

I 

Bitter 

Aroms 

I 

Bitter 

Aroma 

I 

Bitter 

Pod.  Rap.  of  Cer—nyl 

372.23» 

348.187 

348.889 

338.968 

316.982 

291.819 

349.937 

234.997 

399.216 

238.906 

338.962 

203.713 

Franca 

e*i«i«M 

9.744 

4.076 

19.994 

18.743 

6.681 

3.798 

19.048 

16.939 

7.408 

6.787 

10.803 

3.722 

10.709 

4.013 

4.997 

7.916 

11.117 

4.618 

3.981 

7.198 

12.941 

3.995 

2.794 

7.638 

United.  K l m iw 

98.019 

74.748 

49.093 

98.383 

43.430 

97.397 

41.972 

93.978 

37.401 

99.187 

35.016 

99.212 

Ireland 

I 

Spain 

PorUiool 

EEC 

808 

84.783 

190 

39.987 

80 

109 

738 

36.873 

6.430 

101 

98 

496 

32.430 

3.087 

84 

30 

419 

49.361 

4.949 

171 

29 

919 

42.402 

3.412 

371.717 

410.737 

402.482 

338.881 

441.876 

391.032 

391.114 

316.646 

Uni tod  Stat** 

95.472 

1.917 

398.220 

79.879 

378.398 

143.180 

391.778 

191.770 

346.439 

175.978 

339.800 

Australie 

Yugoslavia 

CMcfwolowoklo 

!  COt 

I  Poland 
f 
|H*tO*ry 

Chlno 

I 

I 

• 
« St 
• 
Other» 

49 

37.4 

37.890 

480 

37.900 

47.200 

2.260 

47.200 

1.916 

40.034 

103.446 

299.980 

9.448 

S3.188 

3.948 

2t2.< 

61.188 

218.888 

109.300 

238.380 

88.000 

307.400 

84.800 

18.400 

67.900 

14.000 

249.460 

212.280 

4.819 

72.188 

2.198 

09.394 

2.121 

61.018 

700 

99.300 

662 

52.944 

1.818 

8.773 

81.696 

3.384 

2.400 

9.439 

180.008 

49.199 

3.900 

93.100 

3.800 

44.800 

4.200 

45.200 

3.15* 

10.195 

2.299 

10.497 

1.980 

10.434 

636 

200.000 

190.000 

140.000 

4.200 

7.798 

185.000 

214.888 

220.000 

200.000 

200.000 

180.000 

169.477 

1.900 

141.000 

2.900 

124. 

8.700 

167.700 

7.900 

150.120 

•  WTAL 

1.188.887 

1.993.888 

1.889.179 

1.267.260 

1.089.492 

1.291.004 

1.209.022 

1.089.979 

1.201.926 

1.144.701 

1.083.588 

1.110.142 

V L9 

Do 

Table  4  : ESTIMATED  FORWARD  SALES  1991  - 1995 

Country 

F.R.  of  Gereany 
France 
Belgium 
United  Kingdom 
Spain 

EEC-12 

United  States 
Australia 
Yugoslavia 
Czechoslovakia 
Poland 
Hungary 

I 
S 
! 

| 
| 
; 
| 
| 

î 

| 
| 
| 
! 
i 
| 

Estliated  forward  sales  (zentners) 

1991 

| 

1992 

| 

1993 

| 

1994 

| 

1995 

430.000  ! 
13.425  ! 
3.500  î 
87.000  ! 
43.000  ; 

360.000  ! 
14.692  ! 
3.100  | 
48.000  | 
43.000  I 

260.000  ! 
14.514  | 
2.700  ! 
18.000  | 
! 

150.000  ! 
\ 
13.514 
1.800  ! 
6.000  ! 
! 

15.359 
1.400 
2.000 

576.925  ! 

468.792  } 

295.214  | 

171.314  ! 

18.759 

401.135  j 
35.000  ! 
44.000  ! 
220.000  ; 
47.500  ; 
12.000  ! 

374.012  j 
28.000  | 
38.000  | 
150.000  | 
45.000  ! 
12.000  ! 

291.075  ! 
25.000  | 
22.000  ; 
120.000  ! 
43.500  | 
12.000  ! 

434.486  | 
! 
18.000  ! 
80.000  ! 
41.000  ! 
12.000  ! 

15.000 
60.000 

12.000 

IHGC  Total 

|  1.336.560  !  1.115.804  | 

808.789  ! 

756.800  ! 

105.759 

Source 

HB  March  1991 

PRODUCTION 

YIELD 

(2ENTr€R) 

I 

IN  UNES 

T/r* 

ALPHKTOtCS 

PERCENT 
A U ** 

BEER  PRCDUCTICN 

AlPH* 

M  H. 

CCNTRCT PRICE 
FR5 

04/2ENn€R 

SPOT PRICE 
FRC 
B4/2ENRCR 

AVERAGE 
PRICE US* 

>E?5:  rmS)  EASE « R I ES  1971 -  1990 

YK* 

AFEA  (ho) 

I 

I 

I 

1971 
1972 
1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1960 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1964 
1985 
1983 
1967 
1988 

1S90 

75.042 
78.015 
81.247 
82.083 
80.527 
78.208 
79.262 
80.230 
81.224 
88.348 
92.434 
95.532 
92.688 
88.701 
88.700 
85.699 
87.274 
90.044 
90.504 
89.587 

I 
— I-
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

I 

t 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 

1.921. 
2.103. 
2.388. 
2.223. 
2.270. 
2.135. 
2.355. 
2.200. 
2.359. 
2.378. 
2.652. 
2.966. 
2.851. 
2.472. 
2.419. 
2.372. 
2.368. 
2.407, 
2.365 
2.200. 

000 
440 
020 
520 

040 

200 
920 
173 
848 
772 

833 
785 
851 
791 
725 
455 
497 
032 
235 
977 

96.050 
105.172 
118.301 
111.178 
113.502 
106.780 
117.798 
110.009 
117.992 
118.939 
132.642 
148.339 
132.593 
123.840 
120.966 
118.622 
118.324 
120.352 
118.262 
110.049 

1.28 
1.35 
1.48 
1.35 
1.41 
1,37 
1.49 
1.37 
1.45 
1.38 
1.43 
1.55 
1.43 
1.39 
1.40 
1.38 
1.38 
1.34 
1.30 
1.23 

5.377 
6.174 
7.468 
6.627 
7.230 
6.137 
7.068 
6.374 
7.348 
7.048 
7.997 
8.805 
7.543 
8.165 
6.990 
7.528 
8.414 
7.382 
7.436 
6.661 

5.60 
5.87 
6.31 
5.96 
6.37 
5.75 
6.00 
5.79 
6.23 
5.92 
6.03 
5.94 
5.69 
6.60 
5.78 
6.35 
7.11 
6.10 
6.30 
6.05 

71.65 
79.14 
91.92 
80.74 
89.78 
78,47 
89.15 
79.45 
90.47 
81.80 
86.52 
92.17 
81.33 
92.05 
80.62 
86.04 
96.45 
81.98 
81.90 
74.40 

A\G*GE 
INXX  '90 
(1971 « 1CC) 
INZX  '90 
(1980  -  100) 

85.068 

2.359.506 

117.975 

1.39 

7.188 

6.09 

84.29 

119 

104 

115 

93 

115 

93 

96 

89 

124 

95 

108 

102 

104 

91 

Sources  :  EEC/lhS/COAOCIAL  AM) VARIOUS  SOURCES 

658 
689 
731 
771 
802 
826 
848 
875 
911 
938 
954 
970 
970 
970 
982 
990 
1.044 
1.050 
1.090 
1.130 

910 

172 

121 

353 
332 
331 
331 
331 
327 
319 
297 
324 
341 
377 
390 
405 
409 
401 
410 
405 
398 
387 
384 

363 

109 

113 

622 
372 
207 
235 
221 
264 
128 
290 
533 

1.400 
606 
167 
210 
191 
245 
151 
301 
378 
328 

1.190 

402 

191 

85 

0.66 
0.71 
0.76 
0.80 
0.83 
0,85 
0.90 
0.90 
0.98 
1.51 
1.51 
1.74 
1.93 
2.10 
2.03 
1.78 
1.51 
1.40 
1.38 
1.47 

1e29 

223 

97 

V 

b*j 

Totol*  6:  WORLD  BEER  PRODUCTION  1976  -  1908 

(1  000  h i) 

1978 

1979 

1980 

1981 

1982 

1983 

1964 

1985 

1966 

1987 

MSB 

1989 

F.R.  a  GERMANY 

FRANCE 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
BELGIUM 
LUXEMBOURG 
UNITED KINGDOM 
IRELAND 
DENMARK 

CREECE 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
TOTAL EEC  (1) 

U.S.A. 
CANADA 
BRAZIL 

MEXICO 
VENEZUELA 
COLUMBIA 
TOTAL  AMERICA 

USSR 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 

POLAND 
C.D.R. 
CZECHOSLOVAKIA 
HUNGARY 
CUBA 

TOTAL COMECON 

YUGOSLAVIA 
SOUTH AFRICA 
NICERIA 
JAPAN 
CHINA 

AUSTRALIA 

91 696 

22 395 
7 962 
14 691 
13 399 
664 
66 419 
9 644 
6  094 
1 990 

91 643 
22 405 
v 899 
15 388 
13 681 
712 
67 416 
6 039 
8 129 
2 482 

92 342 
21 684 
8  969 
15 684 
14 291 
729 
64 830 
6 000 
6 169 
2 900 

93 721 
21 699 
9 021 
16 639 
13 811 
778 
61 721 
9 839 
6  189 
2 800 

94 826 
22 331 
10 193 
16 180 
14 629 
791 
86 149 
5 638 
8  468 
2  890 

94 983 
21 803 

10 111 
17 327 
14 229 

691 
60 324 
5 464 
8  734 
2  800 

92 963 
20 673 
9 143 
17 049 
14 311 
634 
60 105 
8 423 
8  499 
3 000 

93 303 
20 297 
10 317 
17 931 
13 931 
736 
99 695 
5 937 
7 924 
2 970 

18 693 
233 424 

19 712 
237 076 

20 027 
236 040 

20 924 
237 337 

21 499 
235 928 

22 082 
236 266 

21 832 
233 222 

23 393 
235 963 

94  100 
20 655 
11 082 
17 988 

13 715 
732 
99  166 
5 496 
7 900 
3 190 
3  949 
24 126 

92 744 
19 694 
11 122 
17 947 
13 990 

662 
99 827 
9  369 
8  200 
3 200 
4 977 
29 000 

261 619 

262 602 

92 639 
19 500 

11 191 
17 600 
13 988 

635 
60 260 
5 401 
8  3S9 
3  700 
5 519 
27 000 
26S 100 

210 139 
20 366 
26 530 
21 994 
9  300 

10 964 
319 999 

215 809 
20 540 
28 000 
24 649 

10 000 
11 354 
331 691 

227 746 
20 669 
29 900 
26 019 
12 500 
12 300 
351 940 

228 990 
21 014 
29 900 

20 321 
12 000 
12 000 
356 099 

226 090 
23 667 
29 500 
27 963 

12 000 
13 436 
366 466 

230 331 
22 999 
29 000 
23 611 
11 769 
11 760 
352 579 

226 490 
23 012 
28 sm 
25 032 
11 62G 
14 900 
353 427 

226 825 
22 126 
30 250 
27 392 
10 300 
15 800 
358 452 

230 949 
22 819 
43 760 
29 287 
11 200 
16 600 
354 207 

229 297 
23 114 
47 900 

31 937 
12 100 
17 600 
361  146 

229 307 
23  114 
47 600 
32 <21 
13 000 
16 513 

399 000 

65 000 

68 000 

65 000 

70 000 

8  190 
9  160 
11 378 
23 000 

22 098 
7 244 
3 000 
144 990 

6  300 
5  900 
11 127 
23 000 
23 610 
7  900 
2 307 
151 344 

65 000 
6  900 
5  400 
11 185 
?' 000 
«/;; -33 
7  600 
2  365 

11 900 
5  400 
11 300 
24 000 
23 934 
7 800 
2  400 

147 643 

191 334 

11 900 
6  000 
10 300 
29 000 
24 921 
7 825 
2  400 
199 946 

66  100 
11 900 
6  000 
10 076 
29 900 

24 956 
7 812 
2  400 
154 344 

66  100 
11 900 
9 900 
9 961 
26 000 

23 780 
7  912 
2  600 
193 393 

60 000 
11 900 
9 900 
10 801 
29 000 
22 354 
8  772 
2 600 
146 927 

99 000 
11 000 
9  000 

11 380 
24 300 

22 783 
9  222 
4  047 
146 732 

50 000 
10 000 
7 000 
11 644 
25 000 
22 228 

9  500 
3 600 
136 972 

10 009 
6  000 
4 890 
44 300 
4 000 
19 911 

11 294 

6  800 
6  710 
44 796 
6  460 
19 676 ; 

11 712 
8  900 
7  850 
45 136 
6 920 
19 433 

12 000 
10 249 
8  000 
46 480 
11 360 
20 170 

13 402 
12 000 
10 360 
47 339 
13 840 
19 662 

12 378 
12 000 
10 000 
49 323 
16 300 
19 390 

10 909 
13 900 
9  290 
47 461 
32 000 

16 903 

10 900 
14 900 
6 640 
49 980 
40 000 
16 170 

11 790 
18 000 
7 000 
93 900 
90 000 
IS 765 

50 000 
10 000 
7 000 

12 257 
24 400 
22 670 
9  480 
3 320 
139 127 

12 054 
16 093 
7  300 
57 496 
95 000 
19 900 

93 016 

20 926 
10 3S3 
18 C30 
14 000 

617 
60 140 
9  400 
8  600 
3 900 
6  810 
27 200 
269 792 

231 500 
23 637 
55 000 
36 677 
11 000 
18 000 
412 000 

56 000 
13 000 

7  000 

12 380 
24 800 
23 000 
9  368 
3  400 

148 966 

n ooo 
21 000 
7  000 
61 000 
60 000 
18 700 

OTHERS 

69 907 

79 260 :  77 629 

79 514 

81 906  :  83 464 

86 860 

113 373 

122 386 

89 928 

91 940 

TOTAL WORLD 

879 279 

910 749 : 936 332 

994 263 

969 988 : 970 066 

982 374 

970 231 

1 019 917 

1 044  163 

1 096 600 

1 102 000: 

% CHANGE  P.A. 

3.17 

4.09 :  2.81 

1.92 

1.69 

0.01 

0.01 

1.29 

1.03 

2.78 

1.19 

4.30 

( 1)  Spoin  and  Portooo I 

Included  In  CEC  t o t» I  from 

II 

Sourco:  EEC  COMMISSION;  JOH.  SMITH  *  90NN;  C.frMf.C. 

13 600 
13 000 
9  000 
46 689 
22 133 

18 949 

69 026 

v> 

Table  7a :  EEC external  trade  In hops and hop  products 

September  1989 - August  1990 

! 
{ 
!  (x 1000 kg)  | 
! 

Cones 
! 
i  Extra  i 

! 
I 
Total  !  Extra 

Powders 
| 
J 

Extracts 

! 
| 

! 
Total  I  Extra  ! 

I  Total  equivalent  (1) ! 
I 
Hop cones 
| 
Total  ! 

Total  I  Extra  ! 

IF.R.G. 
!-  Uport 
I-  Export 
!-  Net 

{France 
S-  Import 
!-  Export 
!-  Net 

{Belgium/ 
i  Luxembourg 
Import 
i- 
i-  Export 
I-  Net 

i
; 
i 
| 

S
i 
| 
i 

S
S
S 
S 
S 

ll 
6.868 
6.106 
-762 

SI 
762 
315 
-447 

! 
! 
| 

! 
| 
| 

I! 
SI 
1.537  S 
38  S 
-1.499  S 

{United  Kingdom  S 
S 
!-  Import 
S 
!-  Export 
S 
S-  Net 

S 
534  S 
12  S 
J 

-522 

i Ireland 
i- 
Import 
!-  Export 
!-  Net 

S Italy 
S- Import 
!- Export 
!- Net 

{Denmark 
!- Import 
!- Export 
I- Net 

{Netherlands 
{- Import 
!-  Export 
!- Net 

S 
S 
S 
S 

S 
S 
S 
S 

S 
S 
J 
S 

S 
S 
S 
S 

S 
OS 
-  S 
OS 

S 
10 S 
4  S 
-6 S 

S 
OS 
-{ 
OS 

S 
OS 

-  S 
OS 

8.596 
8.937 
341 

J 
! 
| 

! 

349 
7.797 
7.448 

! 
! 
| 

I 
1.126 
11.156 
10.030 

! 
! 
| 

I 

87 
1.516 
1.429 

I 
! 
! 

I 

264 
2.316 
2.052 

| 
! 
| 

I 
7.557 
19.989 
12.432 

| 
! 
! 

I 
10.759 
29.315 
18.556 

I 

S 

I 

! 

796  J 
| 
868 
I 
72 

0 
147 
147 

| 
| 
| 

425 
! 
294  J 
| 
-131 

37 
- 
-37 

| 
j 
! 

! 
177 
- 
| 
-177  S 

I 

892 
477 
-415 

! 
| 
| 

! 
1.884 
1.191 
-692 

I 
! 
! 

! 
I 
! 

I 
S 
1.053  S 
60  S 
-993  S 

I 
I 
1.682  S 
724  S 
958  S 

I 
S 

! 
S 

89  S 
67  S 
-22  S 

136  S 
260  S 
124  S 

I 
S 
3.007  S 
339  S 
-2.668  S 

S 
S 
4.636  S 
! 
1.908 
,' 
-2.728 

2.310  S 
202  S 
-2.108  S 

S 
917  S 
439  S 
-478  S 

S 
16  S 
-  S 
-16  S 

S 
36 S 
-  S 
-36 S 

S 
58 S 
-S 
-58 S 

S 
289  S 
66  S 
-223  S 

S 
99  S 
40  S 
-59  S 

S 
1.051  S 
1.050  S 
î 
-1 

S 
451  S 
65  S 
-386  S 

S 
î 
43 
66  S 
23  S 

S 
240  S 
101 
i 
-139  S 

! 
1.003  S 
316  S 
-687  S 

î 
2.913  S 
1.947  S 
-966  S 

S 
178  S 
50  S 
-128  S 

S 
200  S 
32  S 
-168  S 

S 
732  S 
219  S 
-513  S 

1.212 

S 
! 
184  S 

-1.029 

! 

S 

OS 
-  S 
0  { 

S 
411  S 
-  S 
-411 { 

S 

OS 
0  S 
OS 

S 
74 S 
3  S 
-71  S 

S 
10 S 
4  S 
-6  S 

S 
747  S 
11 J 
-736  S 

S 
28 S 

-S 
-28 S 

S 
660 S 

-î 
-660 S 

S 
15 S 

S 
70 S 

-S 

-S 

-S 

84 S  1.029  S 

S 

S 

-î 

-15 S 

-70 S 

-84 S  -1.029  S 

S 
IS 

-  S 

-IS 

S 
24 S 

-  S 
-24 S 

S 
260 S 

-  S 
-260 S 

S 
233 S 

S 
394 S 

4  S 

147 S 

I 

S 

841 S  1.666  S 
515  S 

14 S 

-229 S 

-247 j 

-827 J  -1.151 J 

iH 

S 
(x 1000 kg)  S 

Cones 
I 
i  Extra  S 

| 
I 
Total  |  Extra 

Powders 
I 
! 

| 
I 

Extracts 
S 
Total  S  Extra  S 

|  Total equivalent (1) 
Hop cones 
S 
S 
Total  {  Extra 

Total 

Spain 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

Portugal 
- Import 
- Export 
-Net 

Greece 
- 
Import 
-  Export 
- N et 

EEC  Total 
- 
Import 
-  Export 
-  Net 

S 
S 
S 
! 

{ 
S 
S 
S 

S
S 
S 
} 
; 
S 
S 
S 
S 

I 
50  S 
0  1 
-50  | 

I 
379  | 
196  I 
-183  \ 

I 
231  | 
0  | 
-231  S 

! 
356  ! 
3  | 
-353  ! 

I 
47  ! 
-  S 
-47  { 

I 
106  { 
-  I 
-106  ! 

S 

469  |  1.142 
199 
-943 

OS 
-469  S 

S 
OS 
0| 
0| 

S 
18  | 

248  S 
230  S 

I 
55  S 
-  } 
-55  | 

I 
140  i 
-  ! 
-140 | 

I 
25  ! 
-  ! 
-25  S 

I 
169  ! 
-  j 
-169  S 

S 
149  S 
-  ! 
-149  S 

764 

248 
-516 

S 

IS 
- 
-S 
- 

{ 
; 
S 
10.490  S 
6.471  S 
-4.019  S 

- 
-S 
- 

} 
; 
S 
13.585  S 
| 
8.920 
i 
-4.665 

! 

S 

0  S 

S 

-S 

32  S 

S 

-S 

- 

S 

S 

-S 

- 

S 

S 

OS 

OS 

35 

-32 

J 
j 
I 
6.391 
! 
13.231  S 
! 
6.840 

- 

S 
j 
i 
764 
! 
1.312  S 
! 
548 

- 

S 
; 
S 
1.986  S 
2.860  S 
i 
874 

0{ 

; 
S 
15.261  S 
19.987  S 
! 
4.727 

-35 

27.566 
33.484 
5.918 

-î 

0 

î 
; 
S 
1.906 
! 
8.113  S 
! 
6.207 

(1)  100  kg  p e l l e ts 

-  110  kg  cones 
100  kg  extracts  -  350  kg  cones 

Source 

:  EEC-NIMEXE 

M 

Toble 7b:  Conmunlty external trade in hops by selected partner countries 

September 1989 - August 1990 

Canes 

Powders 

Extracts 

Total «quivalont 

Cones 

Extra 

Total 

Extra 

Total 

Extra 

Total 

Extra 

Tot 

10 490 
6 471 
- 4 019 

13 585 
8 920 
- 4 665 

1 906 
8 113 
6 207 

8 391 
13 231 
6 840 

784 
1 312 
548 

1 986 
2 880 
874 

15 261 
19 987 
4 727 

27 5 
33 4 
5 9 

1 134 
9 124 
7 990 

3 659 
75 
3 584 

888 
854 
- 14 

2 536 
56 
2 480 

1 514 

1 514 

56 
56 

176 
382 
206 

384 

- 384 

132 
132 

187 
42 
- 145 

250 
8 
- 242 

10 
3 159 
3 149 

886 
28 
- 858 

61 
61 

43 
43 

23 

23 

50 
50 

37 
9 6 
5 9 

4 0 

4 C 

f 
1 C 
2 

2 1 
i 
2 4 

1 I 

1 I 

3 : 
3 ( 

Total EEC 

- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

of which: 
U.S.A. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

Czechoslovakia 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

U.S.S.R. 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

Yugoslovio 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

China 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

Japan 
- Import 
- Export 
- Net 

(1) 100 kg pellets 
100 kg extracts 

110 kg cones 
350 kg cones 

Source : EEC-NIMEXE 

T a b le  8 

HOPS  SOLD 
CONTRACT 

WITHOUT  AND 
1978  -  1990 

UNDER  CONTRACT  AND  AVERAGE  PRICES  WITHOUT  CONTRACT  AND  UNDER  CONTRACT  1978  -  19 

Without 
contract  (1) 
50  kg 

1 

166 
150 
67 
154 
363 
223 
195 
173 
202 
161 
119 
169 
70 

.036 
.109 
.385 
.754 
.795 
.549 
.478 
.339 
.218 
.850 
.035 
.083 
.306 

5 5 . 7 17 

1 .022 
8.526 
5.041 

A.  EEC  1978  -  1990 

1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 

B.  EEC  1 9 90 

F.R.  of  G e r m a ny 
F r a n co 
Be I c I urn 
U n i t ed  K I n g d om 
I r o i and 
S p a in 
P o r t u ga I 

( 1)  U n s o ld  q u a n t i t i es  a re n ot  I n c l u d ed 

Under  contract 
50  kg 

X  u n d er 
cont ract 

Without 
cont ract 
ECU/50  kg 

Under  contract 
ECU/50  kg 

686 
745 
723 
768 
763 
744 
728 
718 
667 
634 
632 
641 
644 

.210 
.308 
.983 
. 155 
. 131 
.142 
.662 
. 124 
.937 
.361 
.255 
.429 
.352 

493 
14 
3 
86 

42 
3 

413 
547 
299 
554 
686 
431 
412 

81 
83 
91 
83 
68 
77 
79 
81 
77 
80 
84 
79 
90 

90 
93 
28 
94 
100 
100 
100 

106 
182 
469 
225 
65 
91 
69 
92 
62 
123 
158 
134 
468 

29 
12 
00 
63 
18 
85 
61 
33 
72 
41 
55 
58 
82 

111 
1 18 
133 
162 
176 
183 
189 
173 
169 
168 
169 
164 
166 

73 
30 
00 
78 
93 
13 
92 
19 
93 
19 
82 
30 
61 

o 
Ô 

89 

90 

89 

90 

5 0 5 , 56 
3 9 0 , 02 
3 7 5 , 66 
2 3 6 , 25 

1 3 8 , 07 
1 2 3 , 69 
118,41 
1 1 6 , 74 
2 2 8 , 72 
8 0 , 24 

1 6 4 , 00 
1 7 6 , 47 
1 2 9 , 17 
1 7 7 . 33 
2 1 9 , 48 
1 4 6 , 32 
1 2 4 , 22 

1 6 3 , 03 
2 1 2 . 16 
143 
49 
190 
18 
267 
7 3 
148 
28 
121 
72 

4 

Ho 
pro- 
1989 

9 
Equivalent 
ho 
full 

production 

Tabic» » :  l/tantoer St at M'  returns 

8 

7 

8 

9 
Product Ion 

9o 

10 
11 
Totol return* 

12 

Product ion 

(90 kg)  Yield 

(90 kg) 

Contract  "Spot"  Not eold  Contract 
O) 
ECU 

(90 kg)  (90 kg) 

(90 kg) 

Spot" 
(2) 
ECU 

Return» 
totol 
ECU 

13 
Average price 

14 

Contract 
ECU/ 
90 kg 

"Spot" 
ECU/ 
90 kg 

19 
Returns/Ha 
Total areo 
planted 
ECU 

Irani Ing 
ÎTf3llor>ï?*r 

FIA-«  Alsoclo 
Fuggleo 

Go If! Inge 
Hallertauer 

Kersbrucker 

Huiler 
Perle 
^rogrees 
Scot 
Scm 

St?;ûe»t£<Mlt 
SunoïiSno 
Tettnanesr 
«3V 

T O T AL 

Totol 
ho 
1990 

31.40 
19.69 
408.49 
424.10 
3.00 
370.40 
9.92 
379.92 
376.30 
1321.00 
90.86 
1411.86 
7404.00 
10.18 
7414.18 
902.00 
2980.00 
49.10 
4.17 
241.00 
2.89 
243.89 
437.72 
0.90 
1037.00 
79.20 

He» 
ha 
1990 

3.10 
4.04 
40.10 
44.14 

ho 
1989 

4.50 
6.39 
21.40 
27.79 

1.70 

1.00 

1.70 
6.90 
44.00 
3.89 
47.89 
419.00 
9.28 
420.28 
2.00 
127.00 
8.60 

13.00 
0.09 
13.09 
49.60 

1.00 
6.00 
34.00 
5.31 
39.31 
546.00 
3.72 
549.72 
1.00 
187.00 

8.00 
0.08 
8.08 
60.61 

26.00 
5.60 

32.00 
1.90 

UK  EEC 
B 
UK 

EEC 
SP  EEC 
UK 
i m. 

EEC 
UK  EEC 
0 
8 

EEC 

0 
8 

EEC 
0  EEC 
0  EEC 
UK  EEC 
8  EEC 
0 
8 

EEC 
F  EEC 
UK  EEC 
0  EEC 
UK  EEC 

23.80 
9.22 
346.99 
392.17 
3.00 
367.70 
9.92 
373.22 
363.80 
1243.00 
81.66 
1324.66 
6443.00 
1.18 
8444.18 
499.00 
2266.00 
36.90 
4.17 
220.00 
2.72 
222.72 
331.91 
0.90 
979.00 
72.10 

27.97 
10.99 
376.90 
387.89 
3.00 
389.03 
9.92 
374.99 
370.30 
1282.70 
86.87 
1369.37 
6963.90 
9.71 
6969.61 
900.49 
2438.39 
39.94 
4.17 
230.40 
2.79 
233.19 
389.13 
0.90 
1010.20 
79.32 

918 
901 
12005 
12908 
29 
9287 
171 
9458 
10425 
30180 
2999 
33179 
190032 
305 
190337 
13327 
77501 
1126 
104 
4329 
86 
4415 
12941 

16.80 
32.01 
29.39 
29.49 
9.67 
25.08 
30.99 
25.16 
27.71 
22.80 
33.01 
23.90 
25.70 
29.98 
25.87 
26.50 
30.00 
24.97 
24.94 
18.00 
30.18 
18.11 
29.57 

412 
45 
11540 
11589 
29 
8076 
171 
8247 
9442 
26969 
600 
27969 
182449 
89 
182930 
10813 
62892 
1100 

4036 

4036 
12923 

23893 
1655 

22.80 
20.89 

22990 
1948 

0 
F 
8 
UK 
IRL 
SP 

EEC 

13085.00 
437.72 
123.71 
1311.79 
9.92 
3.00 
14968.70 

827.00 
45.60 
13.28 
89.60 
0.00 
0.00 
791.46 

808.00  11890.00 
331.31 
80.61 
19.50 
94.99 
34.40  1211.79 
9.92 
0.00 
3.00 
0.00 
918.31  13296.73 

12426.00 
389.19 
110.33 
1280.39 
9.92 
3.00 
14194.35 

338962 
12941 
3999 
39016 
171 
29 
391114 

29.90 
29.57 
32.29 
26.89 
30.98 
9.67 
26.13 

309749 
12523 
730 
32118 
171 
29 
359316 

106 
496 
465 
921 

1211 

1211 
997 
3211 
2399 
5610 
7587 
220 
7807 
2514 
14609 
26 
104 
293 
86 
379 
419 

1003 
107 

29217 
419 
3285 
2872 
0 
0 
35773 

75997 
6487 
2041077 
0  2047964 
4918 
1778204 
49250 
0 
1827494 
25  2259176 
5949678 

0  9636176 
30496901 
12294 
0  30908795 
1749482 
9651022 
236326 
0 
889679 
0 
889679 
2784947 
0 
4996279 
321999 

0 

21003 
194813 
74639 
229493 
0 

0 
305935 
227992 
1782236 
910316 
2892592 
3229166 
75044 
3300210 
971658 
8981210 
9230 
40900 
176911 
19940 
192491 
197400 
0 
839076 
21988 

161301 
2119716 
2277017 
4918 
2083739 
49250 
2132989 
2491227 
7331914 
996813 
8328728 
33721667 
87296 

2721140 
18232231 
241596 
40500 
1062186 
15940 
1078128 
2941948 
0 
5635351 
343987 

0  53328632 
0  2784547 
105239 
0 
8712739 
IS 
49290 
0 
0 
4918 
29  82989326 

19379896  68704489 
2941948 
1301852 
7373185 
49290 
4 9 18 
17385857  80375642 

197400 
1196614 
659987 
0 
0 

184.36 
144.16 
176.87 
176.74 
169.98 
220.18 
288.01 
221.99 
239.27 
205.59 
144.16 
204.44 
187.36 
144.16 
167.14 
161.84 
153.34 
214.84 

218.61 

219.44 
222.35 

221.31 
193.27 

172.17 
222.35 
144.16 
209.00 
288.01 
169.58 
177.27 

198.14 
339.90 
160.91 
249.13 

252.30 

252.30 
237.82 
555.18 
379.46 
479.96 
425.20 
341.11 
422.72 
366*99 
987.47 
201.19 
389.42 
602.33 
185.35 
174.16 
375.86 

637.16 
205.49 

526.28 
375.66 
366.50 
228.41 

.01 

3088 
10307 
5180 
5369 
1639 
5626 
8922 
5674 
6620 
5590 
10971 

4999 
8979 
4960 
9421 
7067 
9396 
9712 
4407 
5993 
4421 
6721 
0 
9434 
4343 

5251 
6721 
10523 
5621 
8922 
1639 
5370 

16 

Returne/fa 
Area eojulv. 
in full prod. 

ECU 

3467 
14678 
9613 
9670 
1639 
9647 
8922 
9699 
6728 
9716 
11502 
6082 
4842 
15289 
4891 
9437 
7477 
8048 
9712 
4610 
3709 
4623 
7960 
0 
9978 
4967 

5929 
7960 
11800 
5690 
8922 
1639 
9663 

(1)  Conversion rates ore as follows: (1 ecu - . . . ):  DM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRf 0.878776; ESC 208.876: UKL 0.798189; BF 48.5563. 
(2)  Returns for unco Id Quantities are calculated en these prlcos : 79 % of spot price. 

Brewer's  Gold 

Chinook 
Galena 
H-3  Leone* 
H-7  Leone* 
Nortndown 

Northern Bri 

Nugget 
OHiego 
Orion 
Torget 

Ytsornon 

T O T AL 

BITTER 

0 
F 
8 
P 

EEC 
EEC 
F 
F 
EEC 
SP  EEC 
$P  EEC 
B 
UK 
IRL 

EEC 

D 
F 
B 
UK 

EEC 
F  EEC 
UK  EEC 
0  EEC 
B 
UK 
F 

EJtC 

8 
UK 
F 

EZC 

D 
F 
B 
UK 
ira. 

p 

Total 
ho 
1990 

1731.00 
39.41 
23.60 
129.00 
1919.01 
1.39 
0.99 
889.00 
544.00 
0.00 
410.30 
11.48 
421.78 
4868.00 
13.77 
152.78 
17.50 
9054.03 
4.87 
41.70 
131.00 
34.52 
1391.00 
11.11 
1438.83 
19.48 
187.40 
15.05 
221.93 

6730.00 
88.49 
230.36 
2047.90 
11.46 
1409.00 
123.00 
10342.17 

he 

13.80 
1.38 

14.38 
0.31 
0.99 

7.88 

8.29 

7.29 
0.50 

8.00 

18.40 

14.88 

18.40 
72.00 

14.80 
«8.08 

0.39 

2.87 

48.87 
8.98 
3.98 
3.08 
7.99 
123.30 
3.33 
134.58 
8.98 
9.» 
7.38 
14.91 

72.35 
4.17 
0.00 
1.00 
18.83 
283.40 
1.8B 
221.SB 
6.98 
7.18 

14.08 

88.00 
8.08 
23.98 
228.90 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
348.92 

•*•-

1711.08 
38.03 
23.31 
129.00 
1897.34 
1.08 

88S.88 
944.80 

377.10 
11.46 
388.98 
4790.08 
15.77 
148.74 
17.88 
4833.81 

38.28 
127.00 
8.94 
9884.38 
6.13 
1088.37 
9.98 
188.18 
7.88 
183.34 

Toble  9  :  Msnfcer  Stotes*  returns 

5 
Ecrivaient 
ha 
full 

production 

6 

7 

Product Ion 
(SO kg)  Yield 

8 
9 
Production 

Contract  "Spot*  Not sold 

(SO  kg) 

(50 kg) 

(50 kg)  (50 kg) 

11 

10 
Totol returns 
Contract  "Spot" 
(2) 
ECU 

(1) 
ECU 

12 

Return* 
total 
ECU 

13 
Average price 

14 

Contract 
ECU/ 
SO kg 

"Spot" 
ECU/ 
SO kg 

15 
Returnable 
Total area 
planted 
ECU 

68020 
1706 
897 
3412 
74039 
40 

39.20 
43.28 
38.01 
27.30 
38.98 
29.20 

54719 
1464 

3412 
59615 
40 

13301 
206 
897 

14404 

1720.79 
38.98 
23.90 
129.00 
1907.83 
1.93 
0.22 
869.00 
544.00 
0.08 
394.08 
11.46 
409.94 
4808.78 
15.77 
151.82 
17.50 
4883.59 
1.99 
40.48 
129.39 
21.76 
1229.81 
8.99 
1296.92 
12.86 
183.07 
12.47 
208.48 

28890 
13492 

33.47 
24.73 

12024 
919 
12938 
131982 
399 
9198 
933 
137632 
38 
892 
4111 
1038 
38881 
274 
40003 
949 
4072 
337 
4994 

29.31 
44.94 
29.73 
27.00 
22.76 
33.77 
30.49 
27.23 
6.94 
21.39 
31.40 
30.07 
27.81 
24.69 
27.85 
27.98 
21.73 
22.40 
22.32 

13452 

11132 
31S 
11647 
121051 
117 
1829 
511 
123508 
38 
824 
3413 
478 
37768 
230 
38476 
236 
3930 
115 
4281 

892 

892 
10531 
237 
3319 
22 
14109 

68 
696 
560 
924 
41 
1525 
309 
142 
119 
370 

24928 
803 
9085 
2048 
0 
0 
0 
32264 

IS 

6382679 
218992 
0 
415308 
13  7016960 
6986 
0 
4049043 
2237742 
0 
0  2301471 
134419 
0  2435886 

S 
16205 
10  258438 
98461 
13  19919698 
6257 
116353 
909456 
72572 
8377150 
4 
37199 
4  6488921 
33901 
807164 
103 
16544 
103  857609 

5686260 
84771 
213922 
0 
5984953 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
192463 
0 
192483 
6076294 
87176 
1428113 
5830 
7597412 
0 
11585 
268784 
200248 
281337 
20264 
501848 
117246 
25009 
48995 
191249 

12068940 
308393 
213922 
419308 
13006962 
6966 
0 
4049043 
2237742 
0 
2483934 
134415 
2828349 
29622867 
104760 
1689777 
111885 
27929310 
8257 
127938 
774240 
272819 

8990252 
151147 
832173 
97344 
1080664 

0  28434729 
127  301783 
10  364910 
0  9700600 
0 
134413 
0  6286784 
415308 
0 
137  43638S29 

12031338  38466067 
241205  582289 
1959526  2327685 
516223  10224417 
0 
134413 
0  6286784 
419308 
0 
14748294  98436941 

116.81 
147.57 

121.72 
117.70 
164.65 

139.88 
186.35 

208.74 
261.00 
208.14 
161.42 
138.51 
141.30 
192.68 
161.28 
164.85 
141.21 
147.82 
191.82 
168.89 
161.74 
188.80 
143.89 
209.38 
143.88 
200.33 

147.93 
149.10 
143.90 
179.09 
281.00 
148.27 
121.72 
193.92 

427.33 
411.91 
238.49 

415.51 

0.00 

215.77 

215.77 
578.85 
387.83 
430.28 
265.00 
538.48 

170.37 
386.12 
397.58 
304.48 
494.24 
329.08 
379.44 
176.12 
411.72 
335.53 

490.91 
400.01 
369*39 
292.08 

457.11 

6972 
7825 
9064 
3322 
8778 
3485 
0 
4881 
4113 

11729 
6232 
5264 
6843 
11082 
6393 
5447 
1340 
3068 
5910 
7903 
4787 
5308 

7758 

9716 
6983 
10104 
4893 
11729 
4462 
3322 
5491 

16 

Returns/So 
Area equiv. 
In full prod. 

ECU 

7014 
7993 
9104 
3322 
8817 
4307 
0 
4881 
4113 

6328 
11729 
6481 
5328 
6643 
11145 
6393 
5513 
3139 
3161 
9986 
12938 
9432 
6883 
5963 
11794 
4946 
7804 
9189 

5777 
7322 
11098 
5494 
11729 
4462 
3322 
5644 

€ 

98.80  8888.80 
88.78 
11.89 
188.94 
17.88 
1877.20 
141.80 
11.48 
0.80 
1409.00 
0.00 
129.00 
0.00 
227.35  10067.90 

.80  203713 
2794 
7638 
58212 
SIS 
42402 
3412 
10394.49  316646 

79.92 
209.73 
1868.93 
11.46 
1409.00 
129.00 

179189 
30.27 
2024 
31.14 
2543 
33.16 
27.45 
54165 
44.94 
SIS 
30.09 
42402 
27.30 
3412 
29.79  284246 

(1)  Conversion roi29 are as follows (1 ecu - ...) : OM 2.39418; PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IRX 0.878778; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.798189; BF 48.9963. 
(2)  Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on theee prices : 79 X of spot price. 

Toble 9 :  Mwifcer Stotes' returns 

4 

Ho 
pre- 
1989 

9 
Equivalent 
ho 
full 

production 

6 

7 

8 
9 
Product Ion 

9a 

Production 

Controc t  "Spot"  Not sold 

(90 kg)  Yield 

(90 kg) 

(90 kg)  (90 kg)  (90 kg) 

11 

10 
Totol returns 
Contract  "Spot" 
(2) 
ECU 

(I) 
ECU 

12 

Return* 
totol 
ECU 

13 
Average price 

14 

Contract 
ECU/ 
90 kg 

"Spot" 
ECU/ 
90 kg 

19 
R*turn*/ha 
Total 
planted 
ECU 

224.00 
11.10 
239.10 
17.70 
4.23 
1.73 
7.30 
13.26 

299.60 
11.10 
266.70 
17.70 
4.39 
2.84 
7.30 
14.93 

6495 
278 
6733 
402 

21.70 
25.05 
21.78 
22.71 

4483 
26 
4909 
281 

104 

25.00 

104 

6.52 

1972 
72 
2044 
121 

104 

104 

180 
180 

680154 
3213 
883367 
49637 

761110  1441264 
25307 
75971 
786417  1314071 
68340 

18703 

151.65 
123.37 
.151.98 
178.69 

21418 
0 
21418 

21418 

21418 

386.12 
391.49 
364.74 
194.97 

209.99 

209.99 

86.00 
0.00 
1.89 
0.80 
67.89 

8.00 
0.29 
0.94 
0.00 
8.79 

224.00 
4.23 
12.83 
29.00 
266.06 

299.60 
4.39 
13.94 
29.00 
298.93 

6499 
0 
382 
402 
7239 

21.66 
0.00 
29.03 
16.08 
21.12 

4483 
0 
26 
281 
4790 

1972 
0 
176 
121 
2269 

0 
0 
180 
6 
180 

880194 
0 
3213 
49637 
733004 

761110  1441264 
0 

0 
46726 
18703 

97389 
68340 
826938  1603830 

191.72 

389.96 

123.97 
178.89 
193.03 

269.49 
194.97 
364.27 

20113.00 
930.65 
369.33 
3384.69 
16.98 
1412.00 
129.00 
29991.61 

779.00 
53.66 
39.11 
294.90 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1166.27 

872.00 
72.95 
33.90 
176.20 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1154.65 

18462.00 
404.44 
296.32 
2913.90 
16.98 
1412.00 
125.00 
23630.69 

19340.40 
473.06 
334.00 
3146.28 
16.98 
1412.00 
125.00 
24847.72 

549130 
19899 
12019 
91630 
686 
42431 
3412 
714999 

27.30 
29.98 
32.93 
27.07 
40.40 
30.05 
27.30 
27.5S 

493413 
14547 
3299 
66964 
686 
42431 
3412 
644392 

99717 
1022 
8926 
9041 
0 
0 
0 
70306 

0  80443919 
127  3086330 
190 
473362 
29  16462976 
0 
183669 
0  6291702 
419306 
0 
342 107396899 

28168304 108611819 
399600  3924233 
3202867  3726907 
1190913  17869942 
0 
183669 
0  6291702 
419308 
0 
32980689 140416412 

163.03 
212.16 
143.49 
190.18 
267.73 
148.28 
121.72 
168.61 

909.98 
390.02 
379.66 
236.29 

468.82 

ho 
1990 

ha 
1969 

66.00 

8.00 

66.00 

8.00 

1.89 

0.29 
0.94 

1.89 

0.79 

Total 
ha 
1990 

298.00 
11.10 
309.10 
17.70 
4.48 
4.16 
7.30 
19.94 

298.00 
4.48 
19.26 
29.00 
342.74 

ord 

•it» 
tors 

0T AL 

rHERS 

0 T AL 

0 
8 

EEC 
UK  EEC 
F 
B 
UK 

EEC 

0 
F 
8 
UK 

EEC 

0 
F 
B 
UK 
IRL 
SP 
P 

EEC 

16 

Return*/ha 
Area equlv. 
in full prod. 

ECU 

5639 

5677 
3861 

7990 

1474 

9639 
0 

2734 
9365 

9616 
7490 
11198 
9619 
10817 
4498 
3322 
9691 

4838 

3861 

3148 

1344 

4836 
0 

2734 
4679 

9400 
6641 
10091 
9219 
10617 
4496 
3322 
9411 

)  Conversion rote* are os follows (1 ecu - ...) : DM 2.39418: PES 194.794; FF 7.89963; IR/ 0.878776; ESC 208.676; UKL 0.796189; BF 48.9963. 
)  Returns for unsold quantities ore calculated on these priées : 79 X of spot price. 

FICHE FINANCIERE 

1.  LIGNE BUDGETAIRE  :  181 

2.  INTITULE DE LA MESURE : 

DATE 

CREDITS 

13 Mio ECU 

Proposition de règlement du Conseil  fixant, dans  le secteur du Houblon,  le montant 
de  l'aide aux producteurs pour  la récolte 1990. 

3.  BASE JURIDIQUE  :  Article 43 du traité de  la CEE 

4.  OBJECTIFS DE LA MESURE : 

Fixation de  l'aide aux producteurs pour  certains groupes de variétés de houblon de 
la récolte 1990. 

PERIODE DE 
12  MOIS 

EXERCICE EN 
COURS  (91) 

EXERCICE 
SUIVANT  (92) 

10,1 Mio ECU 

10,1 Mio ECU 

p.m. 

5.  INCIDENCES FINANCIERES 

5.0  DEPENSES A LA CHARGE 

- DU BUDGET DES CE 
(INTERVENTIONS) 

- DES BUDGETS NATIONAUX 
- D'AUTRES  SECTEURS 

5.1  RECETTES 

- RESSOURCES PROPRES DES CE 

(PRELEVEMENTS/DROITS DE DOUANE) 

- SUR LE PLAN NATIONAL 

1993 

1994 

1995 

1996 

5.0.1  PREVISIONS DES DEPENSES 
5.1.1  PREVISIONS DES RECETTES 

5.2  MODE DE CALCUL 

Variétés 
Aromat iques 
Ameres 
Autres 

Ua 
14.967 
10.642 
242 
25.952 

ECU/Ha 
340 
340 
340 

Mio ,ECU 
5,1 
3,6 
0.1 
8,8 Mio ECU  (A) 

8.8 Mio ECU  (A) X 1,147  (DT) -  10.1 Mio ECU  (B) 

6.0  FINANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR CREDITS  INSCRITS AU CHAPITRE CONCERNE DU BUDGET 

EN COURS  D'EXECUTION 

6.1  FSUANCEMENT POSSIBLE PAR VIREMENT ENTRE CHAPITRES DU BUDGET EN COURS 

D'EXECUTION 

6.2  NECLS3ITE D'UN BUDGET SUPPLEMENTAIRE 

6.3.  CREDITS A  INSCRIRE DANS LES BUDGETS ~UTURS 

OBSERVATIONS : 

OUI 

OU! 

1SSN0254-1475 

C0M(91) 262  final 

EN 

03 

Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-312-EN-C 

ISBN 92-77-74288-7 

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities 
L-2985 Luxembourg