PROPOSAL FOR A COUNCIL DECISION ADOPTING A SPECIFIC RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THE FIELD OF NON-NUCLEAR ENERGIES ( 1990-1994 )
Date: 1990-05-28
Institutions: European Commission
Subjects: development plan, energy policy, renewable energy, research programme, technological change

COMMISSION  OF  THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES 

C0M(90) 164 final  - SYN  269 

Brussels,  28 May  1990 

.'! .-

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  DECISION 

adopting  a specific  research  and  technological  development 

programme  in the  field  of  non-nuclear  energies 

(1990-1994) 

(presented  by  the  Commission) 

-  1 -

CONTENTS 

Proposal  for  a Council  Decision  adopting  a 
specific  research  and  technological  development 
programme  In the  field  of  non-nuclear  energies 
(1990-1994) 

ANNEX I 
Scientific  and  technical  objectives  and  content 

ANNEX  I I 
Indicative  breakdown  of  expenditures 

ANNEX  I I I 
Rules  for  implementing  the  programme  and  activities 
for  dissemination  and  exploitation  of  the  results 

Pafle 

11 

19 

20 

-  2 -

Proposal  for a 

COUNCIL  DECISION 

adopting  a specific  research  and  technological  development 

programme  in the  field of  non-nuclear  energies 

(1990-94) 

THE COUNCIL  OF THE  EUROPEAN  COMMUNITIES, 

Having  regard  to  the  Treaty  establishing  the  European  Economic 

Community,  and  in particular  Article  130q  (2) thereof, 

Having  regard  to the proposal  from  the Commission,<1) 

In cooperation  with  the European  Par Iiament,<2) 

Having  regard  to the opinion of  the Economic  and  Social  Committee,^3^ 

(1) OJ  No C 

(2) OJ  No C 

(3) OJ  No C 

-  3 -

Whereas  by  its  Decision  90/221/Euratom, EEC( 4 ),  the  Council  adopted  a 

third  framework  programme  for  Community  activities  in  the  field  of 

research  and  technological  development  (1990-94), specifying  inter  alia 

the  activities  to  be  pursued  for  developing  the  scientific  knowledge 

and  technical  know-how  needed  by  the  Community,  in  particular  in  the 

field of  non-nuclear  energies; whereas  this Decision  should  be  taken  in 

the  light of  the grounds set out  in the preamble  to that  Decision; 

Whereas  Article  130k  of  the  Treaty  stipulates  that  the  framework 

programme  is  to  be  implemented  through  specific  programmes  developed 

wi thin each  act iv i ty; 

Whereas  an estimate should  be made of  the amount  of  Community  financial 

resources  needed  to  carry  out  this  specific  programme;  whereas  the 

definitive  amounts  will  be  fixed  by  the  budgetary  authority  in  line 

with  the  financial  perspectives  covering  the  period  1988-1992  included 

in  the  Inter inst itut ional  Agreement  of  29  June  1988(5)  and  with  any 

future  financial  perspectives  covering  the period  1993-1994-, 

Whereas, 

pursuant 

to  Article 

4  and 

Annex 

I  of 

Decision 

90/221/Euratom,  EEC,  the  amount  deemed  necessary  for  the  whole 

framework  programme  includes  an  amount  of  57  million  ecus  for  the 

centralized  dissemination and exploitation  of  results, to be divided  up 

in  proportion  to  the  amount  envisaged  for  each  activity;  whereas  in 

view  of  the  importance  of  this  specific  programme  within  the  "Energy" 

action  the estimate of  the  financial  resources  needed  by  this  programme 

is to be  reduced  by  1.57  million  ecus, which  amount  is to  be  allocated 

to  the  centralized  activities,  in  order  to  comply  with  the  second 

sentence of Article  130p(2) of  the Treaty; 

(4) OJ  No L 117, 8.5.1990,  p.28. 

(5) OJ  No L 185, 15.7.1988, p.33 

-  4 -

Whereas  this  programme  must  be  implemented  by  the  Commission;  whereas 

to  help  accomplish  this,  the  Member  States  are  bound,  pursuant  to 

Article  5  of  the  Treaty,  to  facilitate  the  achievement  of  its  tasks 

where necessary,  notably  within  a committee-, 

Whereas  this programme  must  be  implemented  essentially  by  the  selection 

of  research  and  development  projects  to  enable  them  to  benefit  from 

Community  participation;  whereas  the  Commission  should  encourage  the 

submission  of  such  projects  by  the usual  means of  publishing  calls  for 

proposals  in  the  Official  Journal;  whereas  a  special  procedure  should 

also  be devised  so  as  to maintain  a degree  of  flexibility  enabling  the 

Commission,  in  the  face  of  the  continuous  evolution  and  gradual 

acceleration  of  technological  progress, also  to take  into consideration 

spontaneous  proposals  consistent  with  the objectives of  the  programme; 

Whereas  the  projects  to  be  carried  out  under  the  programme  must  be 

selected  with  special  attention  to the principle of  economic  and  social 

cohesion  in the Community,  the  transnational  nature of  the projects  and 

the support  to be given  to small  and medium-sized  enterprises; 

Whereas  it  is only  in the  light of experience  gathered  in the course of 

this  programme  that  the  Commission  will  be  able  to  propose  and  the 

Council  to  adopt  supplementary  programmes  by  having  recourse  to  the 

means  provided  for  in  Articles  1301,  130m  or  130o  of  the  Treaty,  if 

they  contribute  to  the  achievement  of  the  programme's  objectives,  in 

accordance  with  the  option  made  available  by  Article  2(2) of  Decision 

90/221/Euratom,  EEC; 

Whereas,  in accordance  with  Article  130g of  the Treaty,  the  Community's 

activities  aimed  at  strengthening  the  scientific  and  technological 

basis  of  European  industry  and  encouraging  It  to  become  more 

competitive  include promoting  cooperation on  research  and  technological 

development  with  third  countries  and  international  organizations; 

-  such  cooperation  may  prove  particularly  beneficial  for  the 

jnt of  this  programme; 

-  5 -

Whereas  it  is  necessary,  as  Annex  II  to  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC, 

provides,  to  contribute  to  the  development  of  new  energy  options  that 

are both economically  viable  and more environmentally  friendly; 

Whereas  the  Scientific  and  Technical  Research  Committee  (CREST)  has 

been  consulted, 

HAS  ADOPTED  THIS  DECISION: 

-  6  -

Article 1 

A  specific  research  and  technological  development  programme  for  the 

European  Economic  Community  in  the  field  of  non-nuclear  energies,  as 

defined  in  Annex  I,  is  hereby  adopted  for  a  period  of  five  years  as 

from  1  January  1990. 

Art icle  2 

1.  The  Community  funds  estimated  as  necessary  for  the  execution  of  the 

programme  under  this  Decision  amount  to  157  million  ecus.  Of  this 

amount  1.57  million  ecus  is drawn  for  the  centralized  dissemination 

and  exploitation  of  results.  The  amount  thus  reduced  to  155.43 

million  ecus  includes  staff  costs  which  may  not  exceed  7%.  An 

indicative  breakdown  of  expenditure  is set  out  in Annex  II. 

2.  Should  the  Council  take  a  decision  in  implementation  of  Article 

1(4)  of  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC,  this  Decision  shall  be 

adapted  to  take  account  of  the  above-mentioned  decision. 

3.  The  budgetary 

authority  shall 

decide  on 

the  appropriations 

available  for  each  financial  year. 

Art icle  3 

Rules  for  the  implementation  of  the  programme  are  set  out  in Annex  III. 

Article  4 

The  rate  of  the  Community  financial  contribution  shall  be  laid  down  in 

accordance  with  Annex  IV  to  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC. 

-  7 -

Article 5 

1.  During  1992 the Commission  shall  review  the programme  and  address a 

report  on  the results of  the review  to the Council  and  the  European 

Parliament,  together  with  proposals  for  any  necessary  changes. 

2.  At  the end of  the programme  the Commission  shall  assess  the  results 

obtained.  It shall  address a report  thereon  to the Council  and  the 

European  Parliament. 

3.  The  reports  shall  be  drawn  up  having  regard  to  the  objectives  set 

out  in Annex  I to this Decision  and  in accordance  with  Article  2(4) 

of  Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC. 

Art icle 6 

1.  The  Commission  shall  be  responsible  for  the  execution  of  the 

programme.  It  shall  be  assisted  by  an  advisory  Committee, 

hereinafter 

referred 

to  as  "the  Committee", 

composed 

of 

representatives  of 

the  Member 

States  and 

chaired 

by  a 

representative of  the  Commission. 

2.  The  contracts  concluded  by  the  Commission  shall  govern  the  rights 

and  obligations  of  each  party,  including  the  procedures  for 

disseminating,  protecting  and  exploiting  the  research  results,  in 

accordance  with  the  arrangements  adopted  pursuant  to  the  second 

paragraph of Article  130k of  the Treaty. 

3.  A work  programme  for  each  year  shall  be  drawn  up  and  updated  where 

necessary.  It  shall  set  out  the  detailed  objectives  and  types  of 

projects  to  be  undertaken,  and  the  financial  arrangements  to  be 

made  for  them.  The  Commission  shall  make  calls  for  proposals  for 

projects on  the basis of  the annual  work  programmes. 

-  8  -

Article  7 

1.  In  the  cases  referred  to  in Article  8 ( 1 ), the  representative  of  the 

Commission  shall  submit  to  the  Committee  a  draft  of  the  measures  to 

be  taken.  The  Committee  shall  deliver  its  opinion  on  this  within  a 

time  limit  which  the  Chairman  may  set  in  accordance  with  the 

urgency  of  the  matter,  if  necessary  by  holding  a  vote. 

2.  The  opinion  shall  be  entered  in  the  minutes;  in  addition,  each 

Member  State  shall  have  the  right  to  ask  for  Its  position  to  appear 

in  the  minutes. 

3.  The  Commission  shall  take  the  fullest  account  of  the  opinion 

delivered  by  the  Committee.  It  shall  inform  the  Committee  of  the 

way  in which  it  has  taken  account  of  the  opinion. 

Article  8 

1.  The  procedure  laid  down  in Article  7  shall  apply  to: 

the  preparation  and  updating  of  the  work  programmes  referred  to 

in Article 6 ( 3 ); 

evaluation  of  the  projects  referred  to  in point  2 of  Annex  III, 

as  well  as  the  estimated  amount  of  the  Community's  financial 

contribution  when  these  projects  are  submitted  through  the 

ordinary  procedure  referred  to  in  point  4  of  Annex  III  and  the 

abovementioned  amount  is more  than  5 million  ecus; 

-  9  -

evaluation  of  all  projects  submitted  through  the  exceptional 

procedure  referred  to  in  point  4  of  Annex  III,  as  well  as  the 

estimated  amount  of  the  Community's  financial  contribution; 

measures  for  evaluating  the  programme. 

2.  The  Commission  may  consult  the  Committee  on  any  matter  falling 

within  the  scope  of  the  programme. 

3.  The  Commission  shall  inform  the Committee  with  regard  to; 

the  progress  of  the  programme; 

draft  calls  for  proposals,  referred  to  in Article 6 ( 3 ); 

projects,  referred  to  in  point  2  of  Annex  III,  submitted 

through  the  ordinary  procedure,  for  which  the  Community 

contribution  is  less  than  5  million  ecus,  and  the  results  of 

their  evaluation; 

accompanying  measures,  referred  to  in point  2 of  Annex  III; 

concerted  actions,  referred  to  in point  2 of  Annex  III. 

A r t i c le  9 

In  Implementing  this  programme,  supplementary  programmes  within  the 

meaning  of  Article 

1301,  participation  within  the  meaning  of 

Article  130m  and  joint  undertakings  or  any  other  structures  within  the 

meaning  of  Article  130o  of  the  Treaty  may  also  be  decided  on  as  the 

need  ar ises. 

- 10 -

A r t i c le  10 

Where  cooperation  with  third  countries  and  international  organisations 

aiming  at  achieving  the  objectives  of  this  programme  requires  legal 

undertakings  between  the  Community  and  the  third  parties  concerned,  the 

Commission  shall  be  authorized  to negotiate,  in accordance  with  Article 

130n  of  the  Treaty,  international  agreements  laying  down  the  terms  of 

such  cooperation. 

Decisions  on  the  conclusion  of  such  agreements  shall  be  adopted  in 

accordance  with  the  procedure  referred  to  in  Article  130q  (2)  of  the 

Treaty. 

Article  11 

This  Decision  is addressed  to  the Member  States. 

Done  at 

, 

For  the  Counci I , 

The  President 

-  11  -

Annex  I 

SCIENTIFIC  AND TECHNICAL  OBJECTIVES  AND  CONTENT 

This specific  programme fully  reflects  the approach  embodied  in the Third  Framework 

Programme in terms of the scientific  and technical goals and  the  underlying aims which 

it  pursues. 

Paragraph  5A of  Annex  II of  the  framework  programme  forms  an  integral  part  of  the 

present  specific  programme. 

Research  into  modelling  is  a  horizontal  research  area  which  will  be  carried  out  to 

enable  technological  strategies  to  be  assessed. 

The following presents an analytical description of the content of the programme, based 

on  and  taking  account  of  the  above  elements. 

Area  1. Analysis  of  strategies  and  modelling 

The  aim  of  the  modelling activities  is to  define  energy  R&D  strategies  and  to  analyse 

national or Community  policies dealing with energy and  environment.  The  programme 

will  expand  the  existing  capacity  to  elaborate  energy  forecasts  and  evaluate  energy 

policies  by  introducing  the  new  environment  and  internal  market  dimensions.  It  will 

develop  new  concepts  not  envisaged  or  inadequately  covered  by  previous  activities. 

Analysis of strategies 

-  12  -

Models  will  be  used  to  assess  the  strategic  role  of  energy  efficiency  at  demand  and 

supply  level  and  renewables  towards  a  reduction  of  the  damaging  effect  of  energy 

production  and  utilization  on  the  environment,  emphasis  being  put  on  greenhouse  gas 

emissions,  in  particular  C02.  Energy  policy  options  taking  into  account  different 

scenarios  of  C02  constraints  will  be  made  available. 

Development  of new methods 

This  task  will  consist  of  conceptual  research  to  account  for  the  impact  of  the  internal 

market  on  the  energy  system,  for  the  social  constraints  involved  in  policy  decision 

making,  for  the  treatment  of  uncertainty  and  for  the  economic  impact  of  the  policies 

modelled.  New  working  tools  will  be  tested  and  made  operational  for  the  analysis  of 

strategies. 

Area  2.  Minimum  emission  power  production  from  fossil  sources 

This  research  aims  at  reducing  the  adverse  effects  on  the  environment  from  the 

widespread  use  of  fossil  fuels.  The  following  two  main  lines  of  activities  are  planned, 

involving  experimental  work  from  the  outset  in  the  fields  of  advanced  technologies  for 

energy  production  and  in  fixation  of  COz.  Technico-economic  evaluation  of  the  several 

possible  routes  will  be  performed  in  parallel  with  development  of  geophysical  methods 

and  tools.  On  the  basis  of  the  outcome  of  these  technico-economic  evaluations,  further 

experimental  work  will  be  performed  on  the  more  promising  high  efficiency  power 

producing  systems  with  C02  capture  and  on  C 02  disposal. 

Energy production from fossil  sources using advanced technologies 

-  13  -

The  objective  is  to  increase  the  efficiency  of  energy  production  from  fossil  sources,  by 

means  of  advanced  technologies.  The  work  will  establish  the  technical  feasibility  and 

the  costs  -  cost  per  unit  kWh  produced,  capital  cost  -  of  these  advanced  technologies. 

The  work  will  contribute  to  the  development  of  high-efficiency  multicycle  conversion 

systems  for  electricity  production  from  fossil  fuels  with  a  potential  efficiency  of  50%  or 

more, as compared  to the  present  38% level,  in order  to  reduce  C 02  emissions  per  kWh 

produced  and  to  compensate  for  energy  losses  and  expenses  related  to  minimum 

emission  measures.  For  this  purpose  the  development  of  fossil  fuel  combustion  with 

oxygen  and C02  recirculation will be  studied  because of  its potential  impact  on  efficiency 

and  on  the  limitation  of  emissions. 

Reduction of emissions 

The  objective  is  to  reduce  emissions  through  the  capture  and  stable  disposal  of 

pollutants.  This  work  comprises  two  elements:  first,  technico-economic  evaluations  and 

related  engineering  studies  for  minimizing  emissions  in  fossil  fuelled  power  production 

systems and in methanol  and  hydrogen  production  from  fossil  fuels.  This work  could  also 

be  relevant  to  R&D  on  catalysts  which  are  used  to  reduce  emissions  from  fossil  fuelled 

power  stations  and  from  oil  refineries.  Second,  the  development  of  safe  and  stable 

geological  disposal  for  C02  in new reservoirs,  as well  as  in spent  or operating  oil  and gas 

fields.  This  will  entail  research  on  the  interaction  of  C 02  with  mineral  materials  in  the 

geological  sites.  COz  storage  in  the  ocean  depth  will  also  be  studied.  In  support  to  this 

part  of  the  programme,  advanced  geophysical  methods  and  tools  will  be  developed  for 

C02  storage  assessment,  hydrocarbons  prospection  and  reservoir  engineering.  Scrubbing, 

absorption  or  other  methods  to  separate  C 02  from  flue  gases  with  subsequent  fixation 

of  C02  will  also  be  studied. 

Area  3.  Renewable  energy  sources 

-  u  -

The  aim  is  to  accelerate  technological  readiness  and  to  prepare  for  early  market 

integration  of  all  the  most  promising  technical  options.  Within  a  global  systems 

approach,  particular  objectives  are  to  increase  the  conversion  efficiency  of  solar,  wind, 

hydraulic,  biomass  and  geothermal  systems,  decrease  their  costs  and  improve  their 

attractiveness  to  developers,  industry  and  consumers. 

The solar house 

The  objective  is  to  contribute  to  solar  design  concepts  and  photovoltaic  integration  for 

new  and  old  dwellings  and  buildings.  Research  will  aim  at  maximizing  the  use  of  solar 

radiation  and  ambient  heat  for  heating  and  power  in  such  buildings,  offering  improved 

living  and/or  working  conditions  to  the  occupants,  and  employing  modular  and  cost-

effective  building  elements. 

Emphasis  will  be  on  the  further  development  of  solar  components,  heat  storage  devices 

and  concepts,  and  the  development  and  integration  of  photovoltaic  cells  and  modules. 

Design  concepts  and  pilot  systems  will  be  developed  as  part  of  a  broad  attempt  to 

stimulate  solar  architecture  in  new  and  retrofitted  buildings  and  the  utilization  of  new 

technologies  in  architecture  at  large. 

Renewable power plants 

The  objective  is  to  develop  renewable  energies  for  future  large  scale  applications  in 

electric  utility  systems,  such  as  the  development  of  grid-connected  solar  power  plants, 

wind  generators,  wave  power  systems,  tidal  power  schemes  and  small  hydro  power 

systems,  including  environmentally  acceptable  storage  and  back-up  systems  e.g.  solar 

hydrogen  and  power  from  biofuels. 

-  15  -

Research  will  be  carried  out  on  the  optimisation  in  size  and  technology  of  large  wind 

generators,  in  order  to  effect  further  cost  reduction.  This  will  include  work  on  new 

materials  and  components  e.g.  composite  blades,  design  criteria  and  eventually  a  set  of 

new  pilot  systems. 

Research  aimed  at  optimising  grid-connected  photovoltaic  systems  and  the  associated 

components  will  be  carried  out.  Emphasis  will  be  on  further  improvement  of  the 

efficiency  and  cost  of  solar  cells.  Work  on  solar  thermal  power,  wave  power  and  tidal 

schemes  will  be  limited  to  studies  and  exploratory  research.  Analysis  work  will  be 

devoted  to  the  combined  use  of  the  various  renewable  power  systems  in  future  utility 

systems. 

Renewable  energies for  rural electricity, local fuel  and  water 

The  objective  is,  for  electricity  and  water,  to  provide  an  integrated  approach  to  rural 

development.  This will concern stand-alone  rural power  systems  employing  photovoltaics 

and  wind  (electrification  of  remote  houses  and  new  agro-industrial  enterprises,  solar 

water  pumps,  solar  sea  water  desalination,  etc.). The  development  of  electricity  storage 

devices will  be  a  particularly  important  feature  for  such  off-grid  systems.  For  local  fuels, 

the  use  of  locally  produced  biomass  residues  and  energy  crops  in  cost-effective  and 

environment  friendly  energy  generation  systems,  on-site  or  for  local  networks,  will  be 

further  developed.  An  important  aspect  will  be  the  combined  use  of  these  systems  and 

integration  with  other  renewables.  In  particular,  the  needs  of  rural  zones  e.g.  in  the 

Mediterranean  member  countries  of  the  Community  and  of  some  developing  countries 

will  be  taken  into  consideration. 

Geothermal energy 

-  16  -

The  main  objective  is  the  selection  of  a  test  site  and  the  subsequent  development  of  a 

single  European  prototype  hot  dry  rock  system;  following  site  selection,  the  major  task 

will  be  the  creation  and  management  of  an  artificial  reservoir  based  on  the  pattern  of 

natural  fractures  in the  basement  rock.  Scientific  studies  will  focus  on  fracture  location, 

reservoir  development  and  management  and  water-rock  interactions. 

Corrosion  and  scaling  in  conventional  high-  and  low-enthalpy  geothermal  systems  will 

also  be  studied,  as  will  problems  related  to  the  reinjection  of  used  fluids,  with  the 

objective  of  widening  the  availability  of  suitable  geothermal  resources. 

In  addition,  the  deep  geology  of  Europe  will  be  studied  in  order  to  obtain  a  better 

understanding  of  the  processes  which  have  led  to  the  development  of  geothermal  and 

hydrocarbon  reservoirs.  New  techniques  of  seismic  wave  generation  and  processing  will 

be  tested. 

Area  4.  Energy  utilization  and  conservation 

New options in  energy conversion 

The  general  aim  is  to  develop  highly  efficient  and  clean  electrochemical  energy 

conversion  systems  for  electricity  generation,  cogeneration,  hydrogen  and  methanol 

production,  transport  and  industrial  electrochemical  reactors. 

As  regards  large  fuel  cells  for  electricity  production,  cogeneration  and  ship  engines,  the 

long term goal  is the development  of MW size solid oxide  (SOFC)  and  molten  carbonate 

(MCFC)  fuel  cell  plants  fired  by  oil,  gas  or  coal.  The  objective  is  to  develop  fuel  cell 

plants  which,  compared  with  conventional  systems,  bring  about  energy  savings  of  30  to 

40%  and  a  10-100  times  lower  pollution.  Targets  are  the  development  of  a  20  kW 

SOFC  prototype  plant  as  a  part  of  a  plan  aiming  at  200  kW  cogeneration  units  for 

industry  in  1997,  and  the  development  of  internal  and  external  reforming  MCFC 

prototype  plants  of  10 and  100  kW  respectively. 

-  17  -

Small  20-50  kW  methanol  and  hydrogen  fuel  cells  will  be  developed  for  small  scale 

electricity  production  and  transport. 

Research  will  also  be  carried  out  on  clean  and  energy  saving  production  of  hydrogen 

and  methanol  with  SOFC  based  technologies,  aiming  at  40%  electricity  savings  in  the 

case  of  hydrogen.  Industrial  electrochemical  reactors  for  production  of  chemical 

compounds  by  electrolysis  and  oxidation  will  also  be  considered. 

Technologies for  energy saving 

The  goal  is  to  develop  and  improve  technologies  which  are  expected  to  have  a  major 

impact on heat and electricity savings and on a reduction of pollution. These  technologies 

should  lead  to  energy  savings  of  20  -25% in  new  equipment,  buildings  and  processes. 

Current  work  on  energy  saving  in  industry  has  allowed  new  goals  to  be  determined.  In 

particular,  process  intensification  and  process  integration  will  be  extended  to  include 

environmental  aspects. As a  result  the  following  priorities  have  been  established  in  close 

collaboration  with  industry:  unit  operations  e.g.  heat  exchangers,  process  intensification, 

chemical  reactors;  process  integration  leading  to  energy  saving  and  decreased  pollution; 

energy  conversion  equipment  such  as  catalytic  combustion,  industrial  high  temperature 

heat  pumps  for  heating  and  refrigeration,  addressing  also  the  problem  of  CFC 

substitutes;  electricity  saving. 

Research  on  energy  saving  in  buildings  will  include  passive  cooling,  aiming  at  reducing 

the  electricity  demand  for  cooling,  in  particular  for  southern  European  countries.  New 

daylighting  techniques  will  be  developed  to  reduce  lighting  and  cooling  requirements. 

Work  on  heat  pumps  will  in  future  be  focused  on  integration  of  catalytic  combustors 

and  cheap  compact  heat  exchangers.  Aerogel  research  will  be  extended  to  the 

development  of  "smart  transparent  foam" windows. Air  management  systems  in  buildings 

will  also  be  considered.  New  energy  saving  design  systems  will  be  developed  to  provide 

-  18  -

architects  with  tools  to  introduce  energy  saving  techniques  in  the  building  sector  and 

urban  planning. 

Energy  efficiency  in  transport including suitable substitutes for  conventional fuels 

The  aim  is  to  develop  advanced  technologies  which  can  lead  to  highly  efficient  and 

clean  transport.  This  area,  which  will  involve  the  participation  of  industry,  deals  with 

short,  medium  and  long  term  research  and  includes  both  combustion  engines  and  fuel 

cell and battery driven electric vehicles.  It is complementary  to transport  activities carried 

out  in  the  Industrial  and  Materials  Technologies  programmes. 

As  a  follow-up  to  past  work  on  the  optimization  of  combustion  engines,  research  will 

include:  advanced  petrol  engines  such  as  lean  burn,  two  stroke  and  stratified  charge 

engines; catalyst  exhaust  systems  and  their integration  and  optimization  with  the  engine; 

continued  basic  combustion  research;  internal  combustion  engines  using  clean  fuels 

(hydrogen,  methanol,  compressed  natural  gas  (CNG),  fuels  from  biomass).  Research  on 

Diesel  engines  will  be  focused  on  energy  efficiency  and  on  the  reduction  of  soot  and 

particulate formation  to levels which will be required  in the future.  (Follow-up  to  IDEA -

Integrated  Diesel  European  Action). 

Research on  hydrogen fuelled  polymer  fuel  cells and  their  integration  in electric  vehicles 

aims  at  achieving  efficiencies  of  60-65% (3-4  times  better  than  petrol  engines).  In  order 

to  allow  the  use  of  methanol  and  methane  in  such  electric  vehicles,  compact  and  cheap 

methanol  and  methane  reformers  will  be  developed.  Another  research  route  will  aim  at 

the  use  of  fuel  cells  which  directly  oxidize  methanol  while  not  requiring  a  reformer. 

Work  will  be  focused  on  scaling  up  to  lkWh  by  1994. 

Research  will  aim  at  scaling  up  new  solid  Li  batteries  with  polymer  electrolytes  to  20 

kWh  and  at  their  integration  into  electric  vehicles,  in  order  to  achieve  a  range  of  300 

km  on  one  charge. 

-  19  -

Annex  II 

INDICATIVE BREAKDOWN  OF  EXPENDITURES 

in  %,  for  the  period  1990-1994 

Area  1.  Analysis  of  strategies  and  modelling 

5 -7 

Area  2.  Minimum  emission  power  production  from  fossil  sources  20  - 30 

Area  3.  Renewable  energy  sources 

Area  4.  Energy  utilization  and  conservation 

30  - 40 

30  - 40 

The  breakdown  between  different  areas  does  not  exclude  the  possibility  that  projects 

could  cover  several  areas. 

-  20 -

Annex  III 

Rules  for  Implementing  the  Programme 

and  Activities  for  Dissemination  and  Exploitation  of  the  Results 

1.  The  Commission  shall  implement  the  programme  on  the  basis  of  the 

scientific  and  technical  content  described  in Annex  I. 

2.  The  rules  for  implementing  the  programme,  referred  to  In Article  3, 

comprise  research 

and 

technological 

development 

projects, 

accompanying  measures  and  concerted  actions. 

The  projects  shall  be  the  subject  of  shared-cost  research  and 

technological  development  contracts. 

The  accompanying  measures  consist  of  applying  the  means  to  ensure 

proper  technical  execution,  management  and  evaluation  of  the 

programme,  as  well  as  adequate  dissemination  and  accessibility  of 

the  results,  and  coordination,  training  and  consciousness-raising 

of  the  participants  in the  programme. 

The  concerted  actions  are  those  defined 

in  the  Financial 

Regulation. 

3.  The  participants  in  the  projects  must  be  natural  or  legal  persons 

established  in  the  Community,  such  as  universities,  research 

organizations  and  industrial  firms,  including  small  and  medium-

sized  enterprises,  or  associations  thereof,  in  particular  European 

Economic  Interest  Groupings  (EElGs). 

-  21  - 

- 21 -

Natural  or  legal  persons  established  In  countries  which  have 

concluded  agreements  with  the  Community  foreseeing  scientific  and 

technical  research,  may,  based  on  the  criterion  of  mutual 

advantage,  take  part  in  the  projects  undertaken  in  the  context  of 

this  programme.  The  contracting  parties  under  such  arrangements 

shall  not  benefit  from  Community  funding.  They  shall  contribute  to 

the general  administrative costs. 

4.  The  choice  of  projects  shall  be  carried  out  according  to  the 

following  order  of  priority,  the  first  method  being  the  rule,  the 

second  the exception: 

The  participants  in the  projects  shall  be  selected  on  the  basis  of 

the  ordinary  procedure  of  calls  for  proposals  referred  to  In 

Article 6  (3) and  published  in the Official  Journal  of  the  European 

Commun it les. 

The  Commission  may  also  accept  proposals  according  to  an 

exceptional  procedure  and  under  the  conditions  mentioned  below, 

when 

they  make  a  particularly 

promising 

and 

significant 

contribution  as  regards  the originality  of  the  theme  proposed,  the 

novelty  of  the  scientific  and  technical  approach  and  the 

methodology  of  execution,  also  taking  into  account  the  particular 

nature of  the proposers. 

A  favourable  technical  evaluation  of  such  proposals  shall  not  by 

itself  be  a sufficient  justification  for  accepting  a project;  this 

exceptional  procedure  may  only  apply  after  verification  that  the 

nature  of  the  project,  as  defined  above,  does  not  Justify  the  use 

of  the normal  procedure  for  calls  for  proposals. 

The  exceptional  procedure  must  be  completed  before  the  ordinary 

procedure  in  such  a  way  that  the  available  amount  for  the 

Community's  financial  participation  in  projects  retained  by  the 

ordinary  procedure  can  be  determined  precisely.  The  closing  date 

for  the  exceptional  procedure  shall  be  published  each  year  In  the 

Official  Journal. 

-  22  -

The  amount  of  the  financial  participation  of  the  Community  for  all 

the  projects  retained  by  the  exceptional  procedure  will  be  decided 

each  year,  in  relation  to  the  projects  selected  according  to 

particularly  strict  criteria  of  excellence.  In  any  case,  this 

amount  may  not  exceed  15%;  it may  be  revised  each  year  in  the  light 

of  experience. 

The  Commission  shall  draw  up  a vade mecum  setting  out  all  the  rules 

applicable  to  this exceptional  procedure  In order  to guarantee  full 

transparency. 

5.  The  projects  must  provide  for  participation  by  at  least  two 

mutually  independent  partners  established  in  different  Member 

States. 

6.  The  Commission  may  encourage  the  participants  to  form  a  European 

Economic  Interest  Grouping  (EEIG)  or  make  other  arrangements  for 

carrying  out  projects,  such  as  those  on  a  large  scale,  permitting 

decentralized  management  adapted  to  the  specific  requirements  of 

the  project. 

7.  The  knowledge  acquired  during  the  course  of  the  projects  shall  be 

disseminated  on  the  one  hand  within  the  specific  programme  and  on 

the  other  hand  by  means  of  a  centralized  activity,  pursuant  to  the 

decision  referred  to  in  the  third  paragraph  of  Article  4  in 

Decision  90/221/Euratom,  EEC. 

FINANCIAL STATEMENT 

1. BUDGET  HEADING  AND TITLE 

Part B of  the general  budget 

Subsection  6,  Item 6231 

Specific  research  and  technological  development  programme  in  the  field  of  Non-

nuclear  energies  (1990 - 1994V 

2.  LEGAL BASE 

Article  130 Q(2)  of  the Treaty. 

3.  OBJECTIVES  AND  DESCRIPTION 

See  Annex  I of  the  proposal. 

4.  FINANCIAL  IMPLICATIONS 

Amounts  in ECU million: 

Programme  implementation 

Centralised  action  for  dissemination 

and  exploitation 

TOTAL 

155.43 

1.57 

157.00 

The indicative operational breakdown of the ECU  155.43 million for the programme 

implementation  is given  in Annex  II of  the  proposal. 

Indicative  multiannual  schedules: 

1990 

1991 

1992 

1993 

19941  TOTAL 

Commitments 

Payments 

- 

-- 

38 

32.29 

65 

20.14 

155.43 

16 

32 

45 

62.43 

155.43 

The  definitive  yearly  amounts  will  be  determined  by  the  budgetary  authority  in 

accordance  with  the  financial  perspectives  for  the  period  1990-1992  (annexed  to  the 

Interinstitutional  Agreement  of  29  June  1984)  and  with  subsequent 

financial 

perspectives  which  may  be  adopted  for  1993  and  1994. 

5.  STAFF  AND  ADMINISTRATIVE  EXPENDITURE 

In  addition  to  the  principal  means  of  action  which  are  contracts  (annex  III),  the  above 

amounts  include  programme-related  staff  and  administrative  expenditure  estimated  at 

no  more  than  18  MioECUS. 

The  expenditure  on  staff  will  not  exceed  7%  of  the  amount  deemed  necessary  for  the 

programme  implementation. This  implies  a  maximum  of  36 statutory  posts  (A,  B  and/or 

C)  at  any given  time  during  the  life  of  the  programme.  The  infrastructure  costs  related 

to  statutory  staff  will  be  borne  by  Part  A  of  the  budget. 

6.  IMPLICATIONS  FOR  REVENUE 

The  contributions  by third  country  contractors  towards  the  cost  of  administration  of  the 

programme  will  be  reused  pursuant  to articles  27.2 and  96 of  the  Financial  Regulation2. 

1  for  the  payment  appropriations:  1994  and  beyond 

2  Financial  Regulation  of  21  December  1977,  as  last  amended  by  Regulation 

610/90  of  March  1990 

7.  TYPES  OF CONTROL 

Control will  be  exercised by: 

-  the  Programme  Management  Committee  (scientific  control); 

-  the  services  of  the  DG  reponsible  for  the  execution  of  the  programme,  possibly 

assisted  by independent  experts; 

-  the  Commission's Financial  Controller. 

In accordance with Article 2 of the Financial Regulation2, the use of appropriations will 

be subject to analyses of  cost-effectiveness  and  the  realisaiton  of  quantified  objectives 

will  be  monitored. 

External  audit  may be  carried  out  by  the  Court  of  Auditors  in  accordance  with  the 

Treaty. 

Financial  Regulation  of  21  December  1977,  as  last  amended  by  Regulation 
610/90 of  March  1990 

HCHK DK  l/IMPACr 

SUR  IA COMPETITIVITE FT l/EMPl.Ol 

1.  Justification  en  faveur de  la  proposition 

La proposition de programme est soumise pour la mise en oeuvre de la partie "Energies 

non  nucléaires"  du  troisième  programme  cadre  pour  des  actions  communautaires  de 

recherche  et  de  développement  technologique  (1990-1994). 

Un des objectifs  du programme  est  de contribuer  à l'amélioration  de  la capacité  et  de 

la compétitivité des industries de la Communauté dans le domaine des techniques et  dts 

technologies  énergétiques. 

2.  Caractéristiques  des entreprises  concernées 

La participation au programme est d'autant plus largement ouverte au secteur industriel 

que le développement de certaines technologies est plus de la compétence des industries 

- y compris' les  PME - que du ressort  des universités  et  des  centres  de  recherche.  Une 

combinaison  de  ces  différentes  entités  est  d'ailleurs  recherchée  pour  l'exécution  de 

projets spécifiques qui constituent  le programme. Les entreprises  peuvent être de toute 

nature  et  de  toutes  dimensions,  y  compris  les  petites  et  moyennes  entreprises.  Leurs 

intérêts  résideront  principalement  dans  le  développement  de  technologies,  procédés, 

composants  et  équipements  nouveaux  ou  améliorés  en  matière  d'énergies  fossiles  et 

renouvelables  et  d'utilisation  et  maîtrise de l'énergie. 

3.  Obligations  imposées  directement  aux  entreprises 

M  s'agit  des  mêmes  obligations  qui  sont  imposées  à  tous  les  institutions  participant  au 

programme,  à  savoir:  conformité  de  la  recherche  proposée  à  l'annexe  technique  du 

programme,  partage  des  frais  (en  règle  générale  à  50%),  coopération  transnationale, 

libre accès  des  sites  aux  agents  de  la  Commission,  participation  à  des  séminaires  et  à 

des réunions de contractants  organisés  par la Commission,  rapports  annuels  d'activités 

et  des résultats. 

4.  Obligations indirectes susceptibles d'être  imposées aux entreprises  par les  autorités 

nationales,  régionales  ou  locales 

Aucunes. 

5.  Dispositions  relatives  aux PME 

Pour  la  mise  en  oeuvre  du  présent  programme,  l'exécution  de  projets  innovatifs  de 

petites et moyennes entreprises sera encouragé plus particulièrement. Souvent incapables 

d'entreprendre  à  elles  seules  de  longues  et  difficiles  recherches,  ces  entreprises 

dépendent des résultats de la recherche-développement  financée en partie par des fonds 

publics. 

La  dissémination  de  l'information  relative  aux  résultats  de  la  recherche  et  du 

développement,  et  tout  particulièrement  à  l'intention  des  PME, sera  mise  au  premier 

rang des priorités. 

s 

frtcidcna  probable  sur: 

a)  la  comj  -titiviié  des  entreprises 

Ce  prograt  me  ne  devrait  pas  avoir  d'effet  immédiat  sur  la  compétitivité  des 

entreprises  Toutefois,  il  pourrait  avoir divers effets  à court  et  moyen  termes  et  de 

nombreux  effets  à  long  terme  - voir point  1. 

b) Temp' >i 

Les  ré  oltats  des  recherches  couvertes  par  le  programme  et  le  stade  de 

l'indus  ialisation  relèvent  du  moyen  et  long  termes  de  sorte  que  les  effets  sur 

Tempi  i sont difficiles  à estimer sauf en ce qui concerne le maintien ou l'embauche 

du personnel  de recherche  directement  impliqué. 

7.  Cons îltations des organisations  représentatives 

Le Cor  é  consultatif  (CAN) pour le  programme "Energies non  nucléaires" en cours et 

un grot  e d'experts  désignés  par le CREST ont émis leurs avis.  Le Comité économique 

et social  >st consulté sur la proposition de la Commission à l'occasion  de la soumission 

du progr* mme au Conseil  pour décision. 

ISSN 0254-1475 

COM(90) 164 final 

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