Internal Regulations of the Consultative Committee of the European Coal and Steel Community (1974)
Date: 1973-12-07
Institutions: Consultative Committee of the European Coal and Steel Community
Subjects: ECSC, administrative formalities, administrative structures, consultation procedure, official document













EUR-Lex - 31974Y0322(01) - EN






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31974Y0322(01)

Internal Regulations of the Consultative Committee of the European Coal and Steel Community (1974)  


Official Journal C 032 , 22/03/1974 P. 0001 - 0009 





 INTERNAL REGULATIONS    OF THE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE    of the European Coal and Steel Community    1974    Text adopted by the Committee at its 160th Session of   7 December 1973 , pursuant to the 5th paragraph of Article 18   of the ECSC Treaty    TITLE I    ORGANIZATION OF THE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE    Article 1    Business period    The activity of the Consultative Committee shall be divided   into business periods of one year ; the duration of the   president ' s term of office shall correspond to the duration   of the business period .    If the Consultative Committee members are not elected in   time , the duration of the business year and the authority of   the bureau may be extended until the new bureau is   appointed .    Article 2    Bureau organized on an age basis    The first session of each business year shall be called by   the senior member , or should he be unable to do so , by the   eldest member , within a maximum of four weeks after the end   of the business year or after the election of the   Consultative Committee .    The chair at this first session shall be taken by the   eldest member present , acting as senior president . He shall   be assisted by the four youngest members of the Consultative   Committee present , acting as secretaries . These five   members shall form the bureau organized on an age basis .    This bureau shall continue to exercise its functions until   announcement of the final result of the election of the   Consultative Committee Bureau , which shall be held at the   first meeting of every business year .    At the beginning of the first session following election of   the Consultative Committee members , the senior president   shall inform the Consultative Committee of the list of the   members nominated by the Council of the European   Communities , together with the persons invited to   participate in the work of the Consultative Committee   pursuant to special regulations ( 1 ) .    Article 3    Bureau    =1 - Composition    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall comprise the   president , two vice-presidents and six other committee   members ( 1 ).    In the absence of a resolution by the Consultative   Committee to the contrary , passed by a two-thirds majority   of its members , the president shall be chosen in turn from   members representing the producers , workers and consumers or   dealers , and shall come alternatively from the coal sector   and the steel sector ( 2 ) .    A vice-president shall be chosen from each of those   categories to which the president does not belong .    There shall be equal representation of the categories   amongst the members of the Consultative Committee bureau .    Whenever it considers it necessary , the bureau shall ask   the chairmen of the subcommittees affected by one or more   questions appearing on the agenda to take part in its   meetings .    =2 - Election    The president shall be elected by secret ballot , in the   first and second ballots by absolute majority of the members   of the Consultative Committee , in the third ballot by   relative majority of the votes cast and , in the event of an   equal vote , the deciding factor shall be seniority .    The other members of the bureau shall be elected in like   manner . They need not , however , be appointed by separate   ballots .    In any one ballot , each voter may write in only one choice   for each position to be filled and account must be taken of   the regulations governing the composition of the Consultative   Committee ' s bureau ; ballot papers will otherwise not be   valid .    Votes by secret ballot shall be individually cast in   accordance with the nominal roll and votes may not be   delegated .    The senior president may consult the Consultative Committee   as to the expediency of electing the bureau of the   Consultative Committee under a procedure different from that   followed previously .    The expediency of such a measure must be approved   unanimously .    The rules for enforcement of the above provisions shall be   determined by the bureau organized on an age basis .    = 3 - Term of office and powers    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall continue to   exercise its functions until the beginning of the first   meeting of the following business year .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall have full   authority to preside over the Consultative Committee ' s work   and to organize and guide its departments , under the   conditions laid down in the present regulations and in   accordance with the Treaty .    The bureau shall be responsible for external relations   subject to the restrictions and terms laid down by the   Consultative Committee .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall be convened   by the president , either ex officio or at the request of   three of its members .    In the event of an equal vote at meetings of the   Consultative Committee ' s bureau , the resolution under   debate shall be referred to the Consultative Committee .    The vice-presidents shall deputize for the president in the   latter ' s absence . The order of substitution shall be   determined by the bureau of the Consultative Committee . In   the absence of both vice-presidents , the eldest member shall   deputize for the president .    In the event of the resignation or death of one of its   members , the bureau shall ask the category to which the   member belonged to make a proposal for his replacement .    Article 4    Subcommittees    =1 - Establishment    The Consultative Committee may establish standing or   special subcommittees within its own framework in which the   number of seats shall in principle be limited to 36 .    In urgent cases , special subcommittees may be created by   the president , with the agreement of the majority of the   members of the Consultative Committee bureau .    The procedure of appointment for members of standing or   special subcommittees is set out in section 3 below .    =2 - Composition    Members and observers of the Consultative Committee may be   nominated as members of standing or special subcommittees .    In the absence of prior special arrangements requiring   approval by the Consultative Committee , the composition of   standing or special subcommittees must ensure the   proportional representation of the various categories .    =3 - Appointment of members    Members of standing or special subcommittees shall be   appointed by the Consultative Committee .    Any member or observer of the Consultative Committee may be   a candidate . To ensure that , in particular , the provisions   of the second section of paragraph 2 above are applied ,   proposals shall be submitted to the Consultative Committee by   its bureau , assisted by nine members or observers , three   from each category , who are appointed at the opening session   of each business year and for the duration thereof by the   three categories of the Consultative Committee .    In urgent cases , members of special subcommittees may be   appointed by the president , on proposals from the members of   the bureau representing each category .    If in the course of a business year , a seat on a standing   or special subcommittee becomes vacant following the   resignation or death of a Consultative Committee member , the   seat shall be given without further formalities to that   member ' s successor , the provisions of paragraph 1 of this   section being waived .    =4 - Term of office of members    The term of office of members of standing subcommittees   shall end with the business year in which they are   appointed .    The term of office of members of special subcommittees   shall end once the president of the Consultative Committee   ascertains that the Consultative Committee has completed its   discussion of the questions for examination of which the   special subcommittees were set up .    =5 - Subcommittee bureau    Subcommittee work shall be prepared and guided by the   subcommittees ' s bureau .    It shall comprise not less than three and not more than   nine members of the subcommittee .    The chairman , the two vice-chairmen and other members of   the subcommittee bureau shall be appointed by the   subcommittee .    In electing the subcommittee ' s bureau the subcommittee   members shall ensure that the various categories of the   Consultative Committee are proportionally represented , in   the absence of special arrangements among categories .    TITLE II    FUNCTIONING OF THE CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE    Article 5    Sessions    The Consultative Committee ' s reports shall be adopted ,   its opinions and resolutions shall be formulated and adopted   in plenary assembly , except for the case envisaged in   Article 7 , where consultation is held in writing .    The Consultative Committee shall meet in plenary assembly   at ordinary and extraordinary sessions .    The timetable of ordinary sessions shall be fixed by the   Consultative Committee at the opening session of each   business year .    Article 6    Convocation of the Consultative Committee    =1 - Subsequent to a request by the Commission of the   European Communities    The president shall convene the Consultative Committee to   debate specific questions if a request to this affect has   been made by the Commission of the European Communities .    The Commissions ' s request shall be referred to the bureau   of the Consultative Committee .    =2 - Subsequent to a request by the majority of the members   of the Consultative Committee    If the majority of the Consultative Committee ' s members   so requests , the president shall convene the Consultative   Committee to debate specific questions .    =3 - Subsequent to a request from other Committee members    If a unanimous category or one-third of the Consultative   Committee members requests that the Consultative Committee be   convened to debate specific questions , the Bureau of the   Consultative Committee shall ascertain from the Commission of   the European Communities whether it supports this request .   When they are informed of the Commission ' s Opinion , the   Bureau of the Consultative Committee shall decide whether to   agree to this request or not .    Article 7    Written consultations    If in a consultation by the Consultative Committee the time   allowed is too short to permit postponement to the next   ordinary session , the bureau of the Consultative Committee   may either convene an extraordinary session or - if they   consider that the Consultative Committee will in all   probability approve the proposal of the Commission of the   European Communities - propose that a written consultation be   held , provided that a two-thirds majority of the members of   the bureau has voted in favour of this step .    Members of the Consultative Committee and observers shall   be notified of the proposal , which shall also contain a date   for the holding of an extraordinary session if a minimum of   six members of the Consultative Committee should oppose the   proposal for a written consultation and demand an   extraordinary session .    The extraordinary session must be organized in such a   manner that the period set by the Commission of the European   Communities under the third paragraph of Article 19 of the   Treaty for the submission of an opinion can be met even if   the proposal for a written consultation is rejected .    If a minimum of six Consultative Committee members request   the holding of an extraordinary session , the president shall   notify all members and observers by telegram that the session   to which provisional invitations had been issued will take   place .    Article 8    Agenda    =1 - Drafting of the agenda    The agenda shall be drafted by the bureau of the   Consultative Committee not less than three weeks prior to the   session , unless the procedure for urgent cases , envisaged   in Article 9 , is applied . It shall be sent immediately to   the members and observers of the Consultative Committee and   to the Commission of the European Communities .    The agenda may , however , be subsequently amended at the   request of the Commission of the European Communities or at   the suggestion of the Bureau of the Consultative Committee .    The only questions admitted on the agenda are those   relating to requests for the calling of a session , as   specified in Article 6 or motions adopted by the Consultative   Committee and specified in section 2 below .    =2 - Motions    A motion for the inclusion of a specific question on the   agenda may be brought at a session . It must be signed by   nine members or observers of the Consultative Committee . It   must be sent to the President before the meeting of the   bureau which precedes the session . In exceptional cases it   may be submitted during the session if it arises from the   discussion .    The bureau shall bring the motion before the Consultative   Committee with its Opinion as to the competence of the   Consultative Committee and the expediency of debating the   question raised in the motion . If the majority of members   adopt the motion the question proposed therein shall be   included on the agenda for the next session , unless its   immediate discussion is requested by a number of members at   least equal to half the number of Committee members .    Article 9    Periods of notice for sessions - procedure for urgent cases    =1 . The dates of sessions must be fixed in such a way as   to enable the deadlines set by the Commission of the European   Communities under the third paragraph of Article 19 of the   Treaty for the submission of opinions to be met . At all   events , however , a session must be held within four weeks   of a duly formulated request for a session .    =2 . Urgent business shall be announced , either by the   president , as a result of the period set by the Commission   of the European Communities under the terms of the third   paragraph of Article 19 of the Treaty , or by the   Consultative Committee following a proposal by the   Consultative Committee ' s bureau .    In urgent cases , announced by the president , he shall be   empowered to take all measures , immediately and without   prior consultation with the bureau of the Consultative   Committee , as he may deem necessary to enable the   Consultative Committee to give its opinion , except that he   may not set up a special subcommittee and appoint its   members . He shall , however , inform all members of the   Consultative Committee of these measures .    Article 10    Preparatory work in subcommittee    =1 - Delegation of tasks to the subcommittees    Sessions shall be prepared by the president in cooperation   with the other members of the bureau of the Consultative   Committee .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee may cause prior   examination to be made in subcommittee of any question which   is to be discussed at a plenary assembly . If it does not   deem such examination necessary , the bureau of the   Consultative Committee may appoint a rapporteur to raise the   question before the plenary assembly .    In the absence of a resolution by the Consultative   Committee , it shall be the responsibility of the bureau to   ascertain whether the question comes within the scope of an   existing standing subcommittee or requires the establishment   of a special subcommittee . In the latter case , a   subcommittee shall be established in accordance with the   provisions of Article 4 .    On behalf of the Bureau of the Consultative Committee , the   president shall notify the subcommittee bureau of the points   it is to discuss and shall , if appropriate , prescribe the   periods within which the subcommittee ' s work must be   completed .    The Bureau of the Consultative Committee shall ensure that   deadlines are met and shall , in principle , acquaint   themselves with the work carried out by the subcommittee   before it is submitted to the Consultative Committee .    Subcommittees shall not discuss jointly with other   subcommittees . If , however , the Bureau of the Consultative   Committee consider that a question does not fall within the   exclusive scope of any one subcommittee and that there is no   justification for establishing a special subcommittee , it   may ask two or more subcommittees' bureaux either to hold a   joint meeting of their respective subcommittees or to meet   together themselves , after separate discussions by the   subcommittees , to draw up a single document for presentation   to the plenary session .    =2 - Powers of the subcommittees ' bureaux    The subcommittee bureau shall determine the date and agenda   of subcommittee meetings in accordance with the notification   sent to them by the Bureau of the Consultative Committee .    The agenda , together with the necessary documents , must   be sent to subcommittee members at least eight days before   each meeting in the official Community languages . It shall   also be sent , for information , to the Commission of the   European Communities and to those members and observers of   the Consultative Committee who do not sit on the   subcommittee .    The subcommittee bureau shall appoint from its members the   rapporteur or rapporteurs for the plenary assembly and , if   appropriate , a drafting committee to assist the rapporteur   or rapporteurs .    The subcommittee bureau may also , with their agreement ,   appoint as rapporteurs members or observers of the   Consultative Committee , who are not members of the   subcommittee .    The subcommittee bureau shall collect and prepare , where   appropriate , documents necessary to organize the work of the   subcommittee .    Article 11    Procedure at subcommittee meetings    =1 - Chairman    Subcommittee meetings shall be presided over by the   subcommittee chairman , or , if he is unable to attend , by   one of the vice-chairmen .    =2 - Quorum and voting    In principle , votes shall not be held in subcommittee . If   exceptionally a vote is held , only subcommittee members and   their deputies , provided the latter are members or observers   of the Consultative Committee , may vote . Under no   circumstances may a vote be held unless there is a quorum at   the time it is held .    There shall be deemed to be a quorum if the number of those   present with voting rights is more than half the total number   of the subcommittee ' s members .    =3 - Deputies    Any subcommittee member unable to attend a meeting may ,   after notifying the secretariat of the Consultative   Committee , which shall inform the subcommittee chairman ,   appoint a deputy who may be either another member or observer   of the Consultative Committee - to whom he may delegate his   vote - or a person who is not a member of the Consultative   Committee .    The deputy ' s powers shall be expressly restricted to the   meeting for which he is appointed . The deputy shall enjoy   the same prerogatives in debate as the person for whom he   acts . A deputy who is not a member of the Consultative   Committee may not , however , vote . If a vote is held , he   may ask one of the subcommittee members to exercise the vote   of the person for whom he acts .    =4 - Technical advisers    Each member of a subcommittee and each member or observer   of the Consultative Committee appointed as deputy for an   absent subcommittee member may , after notifying the   secretariat of the Consultative Committee which shall inform   the subcommittee chairman , avail himself at meetings of the   subcommittee of assistance from a technical adviser specially   qualified in the questions for debate .    =5 - Participation of persons other than subcommittee   members    Any member or observer of the Consultative Committee may   participate in meetings of subcommittees of which he is not a   member .    Members of the Commission of the European Communities shall   automatically attend subcommittee meetings and address the   meeting if they wish . They shall be assisted or represented   by officials of their own appointing .    Subcommittee meetings shall not be public . A majority   resolution of the subcommittee members present may cause   specific questions for discussion to be declared   confidential .    =6 - Participation by experts    The subcommittee bureau may , on its own initiative or that   of the subcommittee , call upon persons able to speak with   special competence in the examination of the matters for   consideration . Such persons may be invited to participate in   the work of the subcommittee or report to it on particular   points .    =7 - Subcommittee findings    Subcommittee findings shall be forwarded by the   subcommittee bureau to the bureau of the Consultative   Committee , within the deadlines set by the latter , for   presentation to the plenary assembly .    If the findings are recorded in a document , this document   shall , depending on the nature of the question discussed ,   take the form either of a subcommittee report or of a draft   report , opinion or resolution by the Consultative   Committee .    This document shall be accompanied , as far as possible ,   by the subcommittee ' s working dossier . This shall comprise   documents of hearings held by the subcommittee , surveys   conducted and information collected , the record of   subcommittee discussions and , if appropriate , the documents   provided by the Commission of the European Communities .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee may ask a   subcommittee to hold fresh discussions if it believes that   their findings are not adequate to allow a final debate at a   session .    Article 12    Procedure at sessions of the Consultative Committee    =1 - Participation of persons other than members and   observers    Sessions shall not be public . A majority resolution by   members of the Consultative Committee present may cause   specific questions for discussion to be declared   confidential .    Sessions may only be attended by :    ( a ) members of the Commission of the European Communities   and officials designated by it ;    ( b ) persons empowered to represent a member prevented   from attending by force majeure under the terms of Section 3   below .    ( c ) members of the Consultative Committee secretariat .    Members of the Commission of the European Communities or   officials delegated by them may address the session if they   so request , or may request that the officials accompanying   them are permitted to speak .    =2 - Quorum    The session of the Consultative Committee shall be validly   convened when more than half its members are present .    =3 - Absences - Representation    Any member or observer of the Consultative Committee unable   to attend a session may send the president , by letter or   telegram subsequently confirmed by letter , his opinion on   the points raised in the agenda . The full text of this   opinion shall be appended to the analytical record .    Any member or observer of the Consultative Committee   prevented by force majeure from attending a session - with   the exception of the first session of each business year -   may send the president by letter or telegram subsequently   confirmed by letter , a request to have himself represented   by a spokesman named by him , when the Consultative Committee   examines one or more of the questions on the agenda .    The president shall refer requests he has received to the   bureau of the Consultative Committee . The bureau of the   Consultative Committee shall assess them , taking into   account the reasons given and the number of requests   submitted during the business year by the party concerned to   make use of the provision referred to in paragraph 2 of this   section .    The president shall then inform the Consultative Committee   of requests upheld by the bureau , with express mention of   the reasons adduced by the party concerned .    The Consultative Committee shall reserve the right to   reject , without appeal , requests for which it regards   justification as force majeure to be inadequate .    If the request is accepted by the Consultative Committee ,   the president shall invite the representative to join the   session , either to be present throughout its discussions or   when the points on the agenda for which he has been appointed   come up for discussion .    The representative shall take part in the discussion , but   shall not take part in the voting .    =4 - Presidency    Sessions of the Consultative Committee shall be chaired by   the president , or , if he is unable to attend , by the   member appointed in accordance with Article 3 , section 3 ,   paragraph 6 .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall meet as   often as they consider necessary and in any case shall hold a   meeting to organize the discussions before each session of   the Consultative Committee and , if appropriate , during a   session . For each session they shall appoint from their   number a secretary and a teller .    =5 - Despatch of the dossier for the session    Documents relevant to the session , and in particular ,   documents provided by the Commission of the European   Communities and those drawn up by subcommittees , must be   sent , in the official Community languages , to members and   observers of the Consultative Committee at least eight days   prior to each session , unless the procedure for urgent cases   specified in Article 9 applies .    =6 - Procedural motion    The president shall immediately give leave to speak - for   no longer than five minutes - to a member who indicates his   intention of proposing a procedural motion to demand strict   enforcement of the regulations , a change in the order of the   agenda , the limitation of speaking time , the ending of   discussion on the point under consideration or the holding   over of this point to another session .    The president shall immediately have the motion put to the   vote , if it is clearly formulated .    If carried by a majority of the members present , the   proposed measure shall come into force immediately .    =7 - Discussion of subcommittee findings    The rapporteur of the subcommittee responsible for prior   examination of the question for discussion on the agenda   shall report on the subcommittee ' s discussions and   introduce the document drawn up in its name .    The Consultative Committee shall then hold a general   discussion of this document .    =8 - Moving of amendments and lodging of proposals for   opinion or resolution    Any member or observer of the Consultative Committee may   move amendments to the document drawn up in the   subcommittee ' s name provided this document has the form of   a draft report , draft opinion or draft resolution by the   Consultative Committee .    He may also lodge proposals for opinion or resolution .    Amendments and proposals for opinion or resolution must be   formulated in writing and lodged with the bureau of the   Consultative Committee .    During the session they must be proposed in writing and   they are only admissible if they relate to a change in the   document under discussion , or if they are signed by at least   nine members or observers of the Consultative Committee . It   shall then be the responsibility of the president , either at   the session or after consulting the bureau of the   Consultative Committee , to decide if these amendments or   proposals are to be discussed immediately or if the remainder   of the debate should be deferred to a later date .    =9 - Referral back to subcommittee    The Consultative Committee may decide to refer back to   subcommittee a question it deems to have been insufficiently   dealt with .    =10 - Voting procedure    Only members of the Consultative Committee may vote .    The Consultative Committee may cast their votes either by a   show of hands , or by rising or remaining seated , or by roll   call , except in the case envisaged in Article 3 ,   section 2 .    The decision to hold a vote by roll call shall be taken by   the president . A roll call shall be automatically held if   nine of the members present so request .    The president may also hold a vote by roll call on a   question already voted on by a show of hands or by rising or   remaining seated , if the vote appears in doubt or if it was   not unanimous and he is , therefore , of the opinion that the   minutes should contain the names of members who voted in the   majority and those who voted in the minority .    A question previously voted on in another ballot may be put   to the vote by roll-call for final settlement , if a   roll-call is immediately demanded under the conditions given   in paragraph 3 above .    Any member of the Consultative Committee unable to attend a   session may delegate his vote to another member of the   Consultative Committee . Each member of the Consultative   Committee may receive only two such delegations .    Delegations of votes shall not be taken into consideration   when ascertaining the quorum required under section 2 of this   article .    =11 - Adjournment    At the president ' s request , the Consultative Committee   shall declare whether the session is to be adjourned .    Following conclusion of the discussion , no one else may   address the session unless to give a brief explanation of a   vote .    Article 13    Session documents    =1 - Reports , opinions and resolutions    Reports , opinions and resolutions by the Consultative   Committee shall be distributed to the members and observers   of the Consultative Committee . They shall be sent to the   Presidents of the Commission and of the Council of the   European Communities . They may be inserted in the Official   Journal of the European Communities .    The subcommittee rapporteur or secretary of the session   shall be responsible for the final editing of these   documents , under the supervision of the bureau of the   Consultative Committee .    Opinions and resolutions shall only be concerned with texts   put to the vote and adopted unanimously or by a majority of   the votes cast , together with the results of such votes .    Texts obtaining only minority approval shall be recorded in   the minutes , with details of the voting results .    =2 - Minutes    Minutes shall be kept for each meeting of the Consultative   Committee , to be signed by the president and the secretary   of the session .    The following items shall be appended to these minutes   where appropriate :    1 . documents necessary for understanding of the   discussions ;    2 . an analytical record of the discussions ;    3 . the reports , opinions or resolutions voted at the   session , showing the number and breakdown of votes .    After each session the minutes and their appendices shall   be sent , in accordance with the fifth paragraph of Article   19 of the Treaty , to the Presidents of the Commission and   the Council of the European Communities .    The minutes and their appendices shall also be distributed   to members and observers of the Consultative Committee .    No other distribution may be made except by decision of the   Consultative Committee .    =3 - Approval of the minutes    At the beginning of each session , the president shall read   the minutes of the previous session to the Consultative   Committee for approval .    The minutes of the last session in each term of office   shall be submitted , in writting , to members and observers   whose terms of office have expired .    The terms for enforcement of this procedure shall be laid   down by the bureau of the Consultative Committee holding   office when the procedure is enforced .    Article 14    Secretariat    The Consultative Committee shall have a secretariat ,   comprising as many members as are necessary to enable the   Consultative Committee and its subcommittees to function   properly .    This secretariat shall be under the authority of the bureau   of the Consultative Committee , represented by the   president , who shall supervise implementation of the   bureau ' s decisions .    The bureau of the Consultative Committee shall take all   measures concerning the organization and activity of the   secretariat .    TITTLE III    MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS    Article 15    Absences of long duration    If a member or observer of the Consultative Committee ,   called in the proper manner , has not attended sessions of   the Consultative Committee for a period of six months and has   not asked for leave of absence , the president , after asking   the member concerned to account for his absences , may inform   the Presidents of the Commission and the Council of the   European Communities of this situation , with a view to the   possible replacement of that member or observer .    Article 16    Admendments to the internal regulations    The provisions of the present internal regulations may be   amended by the Consultative Committee , following a proposal   by its bureau or at least onethird of the members of the   Consultative Committee .    Any amendment to the present regulations shall be adopted   by a two-thirds majority of the Consultative Committee   members at a plenary assembly .    ( 1 ) ' Persons invited to participate in the work of the   Consultative Committee pursuant to special regulations '   shall be hereinafter referred to as ' observers ' .    ( 2 ) Unless otherwise stated , all references to the   president in the present regulations shall be to the   president of the Consultative Committee .    ( 3 ) The members shall be drawn from the following three   categories :    - producers    - workers    - consumers and dealers .