 Arnold became President at a crucial time in Rhode Island's history. Tremendous political change was occurring in England, and this resulted in significant changes and opportunities for the little colony of Rhode Island, which was constantly being harassed by its larger, predatory neighbors, primarily Massachusetts and Connecticut. Since the overthrow and execution of England's King Charles I in 1649, Oliver Cromwell had been running the country, but his death in 1658 marked the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles II ascended to the throne. Rhode Island was quick to adjust to the new political reality, and on 18 October 1660 the General Court of Commissioners met at Warwick, where two letters were read, one from Dr. Clarke telling of the Restoration, and one from His Majesty, containing the royal declaration and proclamation. Leaders in the colony set aside a special day of proclamation, where the citizens could recognize the new king.
