 According to a 2005 review, due to the high levels of mortality and morbidity caused by malaria — especially the P. falciparum species — it has placed the greatest selective pressure on the human genome in recent history. Several genetic factors provide some resistance to it including sickle cell trait, thalassaemia traits, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, and the absence of Duffy antigens on red blood cells.
