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type: caselaw

jurisdiction: US

text:
 810 A.2d 435 (2002)
 371 Md. 473
 Terry Hugh THOMPSON,
 v.
 STATE of Maryland.
 No. 5, Sept. Term, 2002.
 Court of Appeals of Maryland.
 November 4, 2002.
 *437 Michael R. Braudes, Asst. Public Defender (Stephen E. Harris, Public Defender, and Stacy W. McCormack, Asst. Public Defender, on brief), Baltimore, for petitioner.
 Diane E. Keller, Asst. Atty. Gen. (J. Joseph Curran, Jr., Atty. Gen., on brief), Baltimore, for respondent.
 Argued before BELL, C.J., and ELDRIDGE, RAKER, WILNER, CATHELL, HARRELL and BATTAGLIA, JJ.
 *436 BATTAGLIA, Judge.
 Having been convicted of possession of marijuana, possession with intent to distribute marijuana, and possession of controlled paraphernalia, Terry Hugh Thompson ("Thompson") asks us to consider whether the trial judge erred when he permitted a mid-trial amendment to the indictment altering statutory references in the body and at the end of the count charging Thompson with possession of controlled paraphernalia. Thompson also alleges that the trial judge erred by adding inappropriate language in the jury instruction regarding the "duty to deliberate." We conclude that, because the amendment to the indictment was not a "change in the character of the offense charged," no prejudice befell Thompson. We also find that the language used by the trial judge, instead of the "duty to deliberate" instruction, was erroneous and prejudicial to Thompson; therefore, we reverse the Court of Special Appeals and remand for a new trial.
 I. Background
 On April 27, 2000, Detective Joseph New and other officers of the Montgomery County Police Department executed a search warrant for 2101 Forest Glen Road, Silver Spring, Maryland. During the search, the officers recovered a black bag containing numerous glassine baggies and a digital scale on the night stand of Thompson's bedroom. In addition, three bags of marijuana,[1] cash totaling $190.00, a pack of rolling papers, a box of Philly Blunt cigars, sandwich bags, and a pipe[2] were also recovered in the same room.
 Thompson was arrested and interviewed after receiving his Miranda warnings. During that interview, Thompson admitted that the marijuana belonged to him for his own personal use, although he sometimes sold some to his friends.
 Thompson was indicted on charges of possession with intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance in violation of Maryland Code Art. 27, Section 286(a)(1) (1957, 1996 Repl.Vol.), possession of controlled paraphernalia in violation of Maryland Code Art. 27, Section 287A (1957, 1996 Repl.Vol.), and possession of a controlled dangerous substance in violation of *438 Maryland Code Art. 27, Section 287(a) (1957, 1996 Repl.Vol.).
 The Second Count, possession of controlled paraphernalia, contained the following language:
 The Grand Jurors of the State of Maryland, for the body of Montgomery County, upon their oaths and affirmations, present that TERRY HUGH THOMPSON, on or about April 27, 2000, in Montgomery County, Maryland unlawfully did possess controlled paraphernalia in sufficient quantity to and under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such items for the illegal distribution and dispensing of a controlled dangerous substance, to wit: a digital scale, glassine baggies, Philly blunt cigars, rolling papers, and a wooden pipe, in violation of Article 27, Section 287A of the Annotated Code of Maryland, contrary to the form of the Act of Assembly in such case made and provided, and against the peace, government and dignity of the State. (Possession of Controlled Paraphernalia, Article 27, Section 287A)
 Thompson's trial in the Circuit Court for Montgomery County began on December 5, 2000. On the final day of trial, the State moved to amend the Second Count by striking the statutory references to Maryland Code, Art. 27, Section 287A and adding, in their stead, references to Article 27, Section 287(d)(2). In unsuccessfully objecting to this amendment, Thompson iterated that it would alter the punishment he could face from a fine to a potential of a one-year incarceration for this count.
 At the close of arguments, the trial judge indicated he was going to instruct the jury with what he called the "attitude of jurors" instruction. Thompson objected to the court's proposed instruction and indicated his preference for the "duty to deliberate" Maryland Criminal Pattern Jury Instruction, (MPJI-Cr) 2:01.[3]
 Thompson's attorney excepted to the instruction, and Thompson was convicted on all three counts. The Court of Special Appeals, in an unreported opinion, affirmed the lower court's decision regarding both issues. The court held that the amendment of the statutory reference to the indictment was only a change of form, not substance, and that the jury instruction given, as a whole, was not coercive and did not encourage any jurors to relinquish their beliefs solely to reach a verdict.
 Thompson filed a Petition for Writ of Certiorari, which we granted, Thompson v. State, 368 Md. 526, 796 A.2d 695 (2002), to address two separate issues:
 A. Did the trial court err in failing to give the Maryland Criminal Pattern Jury Instruction regarding the jury's duty to deliberate, and giving its own modified version of the instruction instead?
 B. Does an amendment to a charging document, which changes the statute under which a defendant has been charged from Article 27, Section 287A to Article 27, Section 287(d)(2), thereby increasing the maximum penalty the defendant may face, constitute a "change in the character of the offense charged"?
 II. Discussion
 A. Jury Instruction.
 The first issue posed by our grant of certiorari is whether the trial judge erred *439 in instructing the jury with what he called the "attitude of jurors" instruction rather than the "duty to deliberate" Maryland Pattern Jury Instruction 2:01. We answer that question in the affirmative.
 Rule 4-325 of the Maryland Rules defines the timing of jury instructions and the content of those instructions. The Rule states that, "[t]he court may, and at the request of any party shall, instruct the jury as to the applicable law and the extent to which the instructions are binding." Maryland Rule 4-325(c) (2000). As we have often stated, the purpose of instructing a jury is "to aid the jury in clearly understanding the case, to provide guidance for the jury's deliberations, and to help the jury arrive at a correct verdict." Chambers v. State, 337 Md. 44, 48, 650 A.2d 727, 729 (1994); General v. State, 367 Md. 475, 485, 789 A.2d 102, 108 (2002). An important aspect of this guidance is providing a description of the process by which the jury is supposed to deliberate. See, Kelly v. State, 270 Md. 139, 142, 310 A.2d 538, 540-41 (1973).
 In the present case, the trial judge instructed the jury on the process of deliberation as follows:
 The attitude and conduct of jurors at the outset of their deliberations are matters of considerable importance. It is rarely productive or good for a juror upon entering the jury room to make an emphatic expression of his or her opinion on the case or to announce a determination to stand for a certain verdict.
 Your verdict should only be arrived at after careful and thoughtful deliberation. And it may be helpful to listen to consult with each other and to discuss the evidence and the deductions to be drawn therefrom freely and fairly in a sincere effort to arrive at a just verdict. This, however, does not mean that any juror is required to yield an honest conviction after such consultation or deliberation.
 Remember that you are not partisans or advocates but rather jurors. The final test of the quality of your service will lie in the verdict which you return to the Court, not in the opinions any of you may hold as you retire.
 Have in mind that you will make a definite contribution to efficient judicial administration if you arrive at a just and proper verdict in this case. To this end, the Court reminds you that in your deliberations in the jury room there can be no triumph except in the ascertainment and declaration of the truth.
 Your verdict must represent the considered judgment of each juror and must be unanimous. In other words, all 12 of you must agree.
 Thompson asserts that the process of deliberation should have been described as that given in the Maryland Criminal Pattern Jury Instruction (MPJI-Cr) 2:01 as he requested during trial. MPJI-Cr 2:01, entitled "Jury's Duty to Deliberate," is as follows:
 The verdict must be the considered judgment of each of you. In order to reach a verdict, all of you must agree. Your verdict must be unanimous.
 You must consult with one another and deliberate with a view to reaching an agreement, if you can do so without violence to your individual judgment. Each of you must decide the case for yourself, but do so only after an impartial consideration of the evidence with your fellow jurors.
 During deliberations, do not hesitate to reexamine your own views. You should change your opinion if convinced you are wrong, but do not surrender your honest belief as to the weight or effect of the evidence only because of the opinions of *440 your fellow jurors for the mere purpose of reaching a verdict.
 Maryland Criminal Pattern Jury Instruction (MPJI-Cr) 2:01.
 We first addressed the appropriate language to be used in a criminal case to instruct a jury on its duty to deliberate prior to its adjournment to consider the fate of a defendant in Kelly, 270 Md. at 140, 310 A.2d at 539-40. In that case, we were asked to reverse a conviction for manslaughter and remand for a new trial because the following language was used by the trial court in the instruction given to the jury before it retired:
 May I say to you when you retire to consider this case it may well be that there will be a difference of opinion between you. If that is so, that is not something to be concerned about because obviously when there are three days of testimony it's not unlikely that there may be some difference. What I ask you to do is for each of you to consult with each other, to consider the testimony as it has been given. In those instances where you cannot conscientiously agree with the majority, then you should maintain your own position. On the other hand you should not out of stubbornness refuse to alter your position, whether it is for innocence or guilt merely because you are not willing to listen to the arguments of the other jurors. There must be some give and take between you. There must be some understanding between you and it is up to you to determine for yourselves whether or not you can conscientiously agree as to what the verdict should be in this case. It makes no difference whether you originally start out in the minority or majority. In every case you are the final arbiters of your own conscience and you must decide whether or not you can agree to reach a verdict in this case.
 Id. at 144-45, 310 A.2d at 542.
 In affirming the conviction, we announced our adoption of the American Bar Association Criminal Justice Standards, Standard 5.4, Standards Relating to Trial by Jury, Approved Draft, 1968, American Bar Association, 1968 ("ABA Standards ") as the criteria to be used in measuring the appropriateness of "duty to deliberate" jury instructions. The text of the ABA Standards was:[4]
 Length of deliberations; deadlocked jury.
 (a) Before the jury retires for deliberation, the court may give an instruction which informs the jury: (i) that in order to return a verdict, each juror must agree thereto; (ii) that jurors have a duty to consult with one another and to deliberate with a view to reaching an agreement, if it can be done without violence to individual judgment; (iii) that each juror must decide the case for himself, but only after an impartial consideration of the evidence with his fellow jurors; (iv) that in the course of deliberations, a juror should not hesitate to reexamine his own views and change his opinion if convinced it is erroneous; and (v) that no juror should surrender his honest conviction as to the weight or effect of the evidence solely because of the opinion of his fellow jurors, or for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.
 (b) If it appears to the court that the jury has been unable to agree, the court may require the jury to continue their *441 deliberations and may give or repeat an instruction as provided in subsection (a). The court shall not require or threaten to require the jury to deliberate for an unreasonable length of time or for unreasonable intervals.
 (c) The jury may be discharged without having agreed upon a verdict if it appears that there is no reasonable probability of agreement.
 Standard 5.4, Standards Relating to Trial by Jury, Approved Draft, 1968, American Bar Association, 1968. In Kelly, we determined that the jury instructions given by the trial court comported with these ABA Standards and held, therefore, that a reversal of the underlying conviction was not warranted. Kelly, 270 Md. at 140-45, 310 A.2d at 540-42.
 The guidance we provided in Kelly, however, went beyond our examination of the specific jury instructions utilized in the underlying case. In addition to adopting the ABA Standards, we also gave approval to a specific instruction that, we held, was always proper to use before a jury begins to deliberate. That instruction states:
 The verdict must represent the considered judgment of each juror. In order to return a verdict, it is necessary that each juror agree thereto. Your verdict must be unanimous.
 It is your duty, as jurors, to consult with one another and to deliberate with a view to reaching an agreement, if you can do so without violence to individual judgment. Each of you must decide the case for yourself, but do so only after an impartial consideration of the evidence with your fellow jurors. In the course of your deliberations, do not hesitate to reexamine your own views and change your opinion if convinced it is erroneous. But do not surrender your honest conviction as to the weight or effect of evidence solely because of the opinion of your fellow jurors, or for the mere purpose of returning a verdict.
 You are not partisans. You are judgesjudges of the facts. [In criminal cases substitute the following: Since this is a criminal case, you are judges judges of both the law and the facts.] Your sole interest is to ascertain the truth from the evidence in the case.
 Id. at 143-44, 310 A.2d at 541 (quoting Instruction 8.11 of Jury Instructions and Forms for Federal Criminal Cases, 27 F.R.D. 39, 97-98 (D.C.1961)). We referred to this instruction as an "Allen-type"[5] instruction because of its modified language and recognized that judges may "personalize" jury instructions, especially prior to the beginning of deliberations as long as they "reasonably adhere[] to the [ABA] Standards." Id. at 144, 310 A.2d at 542.
 In Burnette v. State, 280 Md. 88, 371 A.2d 663 (1977), we were asked to consider whether an Allen charge should be given when the jury is deadlocked. In response, we disavowed its use because we determined that the language was coercive and, as such, an impermissible interference with the province of the jury. Id. at 100, 371 A.2d. at 669. Subsequently, in Goodmuth v. State, 302 Md. 613, 490 A.2d 682 (1985), we noted that the guidance given in Burnette was applicable to pre-deliberation instructions as well as to those given to *442 deadlocked juries. Id. at 622, 490 A.2d at 686.
 In Burnette we objected to language suggesting that the minority members of a jury should be deferential to the views of the majority. Burnette, 280 Md. at 100, 371 A.2d at 669. Specifically, we considered whether the following language offended the ABA Standards: "[i]f your views are contrary to those of the vast majority you should consider whether your views, which make no impression on the minds of so many equally intelligent jurors, are correct." Id. We also voiced concern over language used in Burnette in which one part of a sentence instructed jurors to reach a verdict based on their own convictions, while the next part of the same sentence told jurors to give "proper regard and deference to the opinions of others." Id. at 100, 371 A.2d. at 669. The instruction, according to our analysis, gave only "passing attention to the important principle that honest judgment, and not mere acquiescence, should be at [the] basis of a juror's decision". Id. We stated also that "the instruction might tend to unduly strengthen the majority's convictions, perhaps making the majority less willing to seriously engage in further deliberations." Id. As such, we found that the instruction in Burnette was essentially a traditional Allen charge; it was not a personalized version of our recommended instruction nor did it "closely adhere" to the ABA Standards. Id. at 99-100, 371 A.2d at 668. We emphasized that, "deviations in substance will not meet with our approval." Id. at 101, 371 A.2d at 669.
 In Goodmuth, we explored whether traditional Allen language could be appropriately used to instruct a jury prior to deliberation. 302 Md. at 614, 490 A.2d. at 682. We emphasized that the analysis in Burnette was not limited to instructions given to deadlocked juries but also to jurors prior to the beginning of deliberations. Id. at 622, 490 A.2d at 686. We found that Allen instructions given before deliberations are just as coercive and "may well impact upon the minority." Id. at 622-23, 490 A.2d at 687.
 The ABA Standards for "duty to deliberate" jury instructions approved in Kelly, and affirmed in Burnette and Goodmuth, have been incorporated into the "Duty to Deliberate" Maryland Criminal Pattern Jury Instruction 2:01 as we noted in Graham v. State, 325 Md. 398, 409 n. 4, 601 A.2d 131, 136 n. 4 (1992).[6] We explicitly expressed approval of MPJI-Cr-2:01, which we noted "closely follows the language of Standard 15-4.4 (formerly Standard 5.4) of the Standards for Criminal Justice (1978, 1986 Supp.)."[7]Id.
 Although some portions of the jury instruction given by the trial judge in the present case in what he called the "attitude of the jurors" instruction give some deference to the ABA Standards and reflect some of the nuances of the Maryland Pattern Jury Instruction 2:01, there are substantial deviations between the instruction given in this case and the ABA Standards, as well as MPJI-CR 2:01. Specifically, the following portions of the instruction given by the trial court do not meet the criteria of the ABA Standards:
 The attitude and conduct of jurors at the outset of their deliberations are matters of considerable importance. It is rarely productive or good for a juror upon entering *443 the jury room to make an emphatic expression of his or her opinion on the case or to announce a determination to stand for a certain verdict.
 Remember that you are not partisans or advocates but rather jurors. The final test of the quality of your service will lie in the verdict which you return to the Court, not in the opinions any of you may hold as you retire.
 Have in mind that you will make a definite contribution to efficient judicial administration if you arrive at a just and proper verdict in this case. To this end, the Court reminds you that in your deliberations in the jury room there can be no triumph except in the ascertainment and declaration of the truth.
 The language of this instruction does not "reasonably adhere to" the ABA Standards. This is especially true of the language that suggests "the final test of the quality of your service will lie in the verdict which you return to the Court, not in the opinions any of you may hold as you retire." This concept of a "final test" implies that there is a standard of service to which a juror should aspire, one that requires a verdict to be reached rather than one that requires consideration of individual conviction and whether individual conviction thoughtfully can be reconciled with collective judgment. Because a verdict cannot be reached without unanimity, the "final test" language logically implies that a "good" juror acquiesces in a verdict rather than adheres to his or her own judgment. Such language is a deviation in substance from MPJI-Cr 2:01 and the ABA Standards, which recognize that jurors should not surrender honest convictions in order to return a verdict.
 The State points to other jurisdictions such as North Carolina, Idaho, and California that have made use of the language of a "final test" in which the "quality of service will lie in the verdict you return." State v. Bryant, 282 N.C. 92, 99-100, 191 S.E.2d 745, 750-51 (1972) cert. denied, 410 U.S. 958, 93 S. Ct. 1432, 35 L. Ed. 2d 691 (1973); State v. Tope, 86 Idaho 462, 468, 387 P.2d 888, 892 (1963); People v. Moraga, 244 Cal. App. 2d 565, 53 Cal. Rptr. 563 (1966). At the time of those decisions, however, these jurisdictions had not adopted the ABA Standards as we have done to provide guidance concerning appropriate language for "duty to deliberate" jury instructions.[8] As such, those cases are inapposite to the present case.
 The Court of Special Appeals found that the instruction given by the trial judge comported with MPJI-Cr 2:01. We differ from that court because we find the "final test" language used in the duty to deliberate instruction to be a deviation in substance from the pattern jury instruction and the ABA Standards. Such language is suggestive of the primacy of collective *444 judgment over individual principle and honest conviction. We, therefore, reverse the judgment of the Court of Special Appeals with instructions to reverse the judgment of conviction and remand for a new trial.
 B. Amendment to the Indictment.
 Although this case will be remanded for a new trial, the issue of the amendment to the Indictment must be addressed because of its potential double jeopardy implication regarding the affected count were we to find petitioner's argument had merit. We, therefore, shall address the second issue raised, that of whether a mid-trial amendment to the Indictment changing the statutory reference was properly received.
 Maryland Rule 4-204 permits an amendment to a charging document under certain circumstances. Rule 4-204 provides that: "[o]n motion of a party or on its own initiative, the court at any time before verdict may permit a charging document to be amended except that if the amendment changes the character of the offense charged, the consent of the parties is required." Md. Rule 4-204 (2000).[9] Thompson did not consent to the amendment. Rather, he objected based on his assertion that the amendment specifically changed the penalty from a flat fine to one with a possibility of one-year incarceration. We, therefore, must determine whether the amendment of the Second Count during trial "changed the character of that offense."
 Initially, the Second Count of the Indictment stated, in pertinent part, the following:
 COUNT TWO: Possession of Controlled Paraphernalia
 ... that TERRY HUGH THOMPSON, on or about April 27, 2000, in Montgomery County, Maryland unlawfully did possess controlled paraphernalia in sufficient quantity to and under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such items for the illegal distribution and dispensing of a controlled dangerous substance, to wit: a digital scale, glassine baggies, Philly blunt cigars, rolling papers, and a wooden pipe, in violation of Article 27, Section 287A of the Annotated Code of Maryland.... (Possession of Controlled Paraphernalia, Article 27, Section 287A)
 On the final day of trial, the State moved to amend this count by substituting the statutory citations. The State sought to change the citation from Article 27, Section 287A to Article 27, Section 287(d)(2). Section 287A bears a possible maximum fine of $500.00 while the possible penalty for a violation of Section 287(d)(2) is a oneyear prison term.
 As we have stated, the purpose of an indictment is to provide notice to the accused of the charge against him and to guard against the possibility of unfair surprise during trial.[10]Johnson, 358 Md. at *445 392, 749 A.2d at 773. Adequate notice is given when a charging document contains both a characterization of the crime and the particular act alleged to have been committed. Ayre v. State, 291 Md. 155, 163, 433 A.2d 1150, 1155 (1981). Our guidance in Ayre is based on former Maryland Rule 711 a, now Rule 4-202(a),[11] requiring a charging document to contain a "definite statement of the essential facts of the offense with which the defendant is charged."
 With respect to the role of the statutory citation in this scheme, we note that Maryland Rule 4-202(a) also states that, "[t]he statute or other authority for each count shall be cited at the end of the count, but error in or omission of the citation of authority is not grounds for dismissal of the charging document or for reversal of a conviction." In Ayre we iterated that "[the statutory] reference exists as a matter of convenience to the parties and the court, and thus possesses no substance of its own."[12]Ayre, at 168 n. 9, 433 A.2d at 1158 n. 9. The "character of the offense" is determined by what is stated in the body of an indictment, not the statutory reference or caption.[13]Busch v. State, 289 Md. 669, 678, 426 A.2d 954, 959 (1981).
 The "character of the offense charged" is really the gravamen of Thompson's challenge, so we proceed to explore the language of the Second Count as compared to Sections 287A and 287(d)(2). Below is the language of these three texts at issue-the initial Indictment, Article 27, Section 287A and Article 27, Section 287:[14]
 Initial Indictment Langage of Article 27, Language of Article 27,
 Count 2 §287A §287(d)(2)
 Possession of Controlled 287 A Drug Paraphernalia Unlawful possession or distribution
 Paraphernalia of controlled paraphernalia...
 *446
 TERRY HUGH (a) DefinitionAs used in (d) To possess or distribute
 THOMPSON, on or about this section, the term controlled paraphernalia,
 April 27, 2000, in Montgomery "drugparaphernalia" means which shall mean:
 County, Maryland, unlawfully all equipment, products, (2) Gelatin capsules, glassine
 did possess controlled and materials of any kind envelopes or any other
 paraphernalia in which are used, intended container suitable for the
 sufficient quantity to and for use, ... in ... introducing packaging of individual
 under circumstances which into the human body quantities of controlled dangerous
 reasonably indicate an intention a controlled dangerous substance. substances in sufficient
 to use such items ... It includes but quantity to and under
 for the illegal distribution is not limited to: (5) scales circumstances which reasonably
 and dispensing of a controlled ... (9) capsules, balloons, indicate an intention
 dangerous substance, envelopes and other containers to use any such item
 to wit: a digital used, intended for for the illegal manufacture,
 scale, glassine baggies, use, or designed for use in distribution, or dispensing
 Philly blunt cigars, rolling packaging small quantities of any such controlled dangerous
 papers, and a wooden pipe, of controlled dangerous substance. Evidence
 in violation of Article 27, substances; (10) Containers of such circumstances
 Section 287A of the Annotated and other objects used shall include but
 Code of Maryland, ... in storing or concealing not be limited to close
 contrary to the form of the controlled dangerous substances; proximity to any such controlled
 Act of Assembly in such (11) Hypodermic paraphernalia to any
 case made and provided, syringes, needles and other adulterants or equipment
 and against the peace, government objects used ... in parenterally commonly used in the illegal
 and dignity of the injecting controlled manufacture and distribution
 state. dangerous substances into of controlled dangerous
 the human body; (12) Objects substances, such as but
 used, intended for use not limited to any of the
 ... in introducing marijuana following: scales, sieves,
 ... into the human strainers, measuring
 body, such as: (i) metal, spoons, staples and staplers,
 wooden, acrylic, glass, or procaine hydrochloride,
 stone, plastic, or ceramic mannitol, lactose,
 pipes ... quinine, or any controlled
 (c) Use of possession with dangerous substance....
 intent to use.It is unlawful
 for any person to use, or
 to possess with intent to
 use, drug paraphernalia to
 plant, propagate, cultivate,
 grow, harvest, manufacture,
 compound, convert,
 produce, process, prepare,
 test, analyze, pack, repack,
 store, contain, conceal, inject,
 ingest, inhale, or otherwise
 introduce into the
 human body a controlled
 dangerous substance....
 The language of the Indictment reflects the language of Section 287(d)(2) at first glance. A more studied exploration supports this conclusion. The Second Count utilizes exact phrases from Section 287(d)(2) to indicate a charge against Thompson for possession of paraphernalia with the intent to distribute marijuana. The term "controlled paraphernalia" is used throughout the charging document. This terminology is included and defined *447 exclusively in Section 287(d)(2) above. The following boldfaced language within the unamended Indictment indicates phraseology that is taken directly from the text of Section 287(d)(2):
 Possession of Controlled Paraphernalia
 ... TERRY HUGH THOMPSON, on or about April 27, 2000, in Montgomery County, Maryland, unlawfully did possess controlled paraphernalia in sufficient quantity to and under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such items for the illegal distribution and dispensing of a controlled dangerous substance, to wit: a digital scale, glassine baggies, Philly blunt cigars, rolling papers, and a wooden pipe, in violation of Article 27, Section 287A of the Annotated Code of Maryland, contrary to the form of the Act of Assembly in such case made and provided, and against the peace, government and dignity of the State. (Possession of Controlled Paraphernalia, Article 27, Section 287A)
 In addition, Section 287(d)(2)'s category of "glassine envelopes or any other container suitable for the packaging of individual quantities of controlled dangerous substances for the illegal ... distribution" could include items listed on the IndictmentPhilly Blunt cigars, rolling papers, and glassine baggies.
 The next focus of our analysis must be whether the body of the Second Count was sufficient to charge any crime, because in Gray v. State, 216 Md. 410, 416, 140 A.2d 643, 646 (1958), we found that an insufficiency in the language of a charge could give rise to a circumstance in which a statutory reference supplied a necessary element of the characterization of an offense charged. There, we found that a caption, ordinarily amendable without altering the character of an offense, became a necessary part of the charging document because it served to clarify an otherwise insufficiently described charge.[15]Id. In the present case, however, we find that the Indictment is sufficient without the statutory citation in that it provides notice to Thompson that he is being charged with possession of controlled paraphernalia with intent to distribute in violation of Section 287(d)(2).
 Thompson also argues that the language of the Indictment is a combination of the wording of both Section 287A and Section 287(d)(2), and, thus, the statutory reference is a necessary indicator of which section is charged. An examination of both Sections 287A and 287(d)(2) shows that possession of the paraphernalia listed in the Second Count, specifically the scale, glassine baggies, Philly Blunt cigars, and rolling papers, conceivably could fit either section.[16] This commonality, however, *448 does not create any ambiguity regarding which statute had been charged.[17] It is the intent with which one possesses such paraphernalia that determines which section is charged. The gravamen of Section 287(d)(2) is possession of controlled paraphernalia with the intention of distributing or dispensing. Code, Art. 27, Section 287(d)(2). The caption used for Section 287(d), distribution of controlled paraphernalia, reinforces this statute's clear purpose.
 In contrast, the gravamen of Section 287A is specifically that of possessing a drug paraphernalia with the intention to use it in ingesting, inhaling or otherwise introducing a controlled dangerous substance into the human body. Code, Art. 27, Section 287A. The possession for personal use is clearly indicated by the statute's language.
 In the Second Count of the Indictment, the language of the alleged act and character of the charge is extrapolated directly from Section 287(d)(2)"possess controlled paraphernalia in sufficient quantity to and under circumstances which reasonably indicate an intention to use such items for the illegal distribution and dispensing of a controlled dangerous substance." Therefore, the "character of the offense charged" was clearly that of Section 287(d)(2).
 This situation differs from that in Johnson, in which the State sought to substitute the word "cocaine" for the word "marijuana" in a charging document. Johnson, 358 Md. at 387, 749 A.2d at 770. Such an amendment would have altered what the basic offense was and triggered a more severe penalty for a charge involving cocaine rather than marijuana.[18]Id. at 391, 749 A.2d. at 772-73. In this case, the amendment of the statutory citation does not alter the character of the offense; the Indictment sufficiently charges a violation of Section 287(d)(2). It is not the statutory reference that triggers the possible penalty but, rather, the character of the offense alleged. Therefore, no prejudicial error occurred in the trial court's allowance of the amendment at the first trial.
 *449 JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS REVERSED; CASE REMANDED TO THAT COURT WITH INSTRUCTIONS TO REVERSE THE JUDGMENT OF THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR MONTGOMERY COUNTY AND TO REMAND THE CASE TO THE CIRCUIT COURT FOR A NEW TRIAL CONSISTENT WITH THIS OPINION; COSTS IN THIS COURT AND THE COURT OF SPECIAL APPEALS TO BE PAID BY MONTGOMERY COUNTY.
 Chief Judge BELL and Judge CATHELL concur in the result and in Part II.A of the opinion.
 NOTES
 [1] It was determined after the search that the substances found in the three baggies were 30.5 grams, 15.69 grams, and 1.72 grams, respectively, of marijuana.
 [2] Analysis showed that the pipe contained marijuana residue.
 [3] The State submitted a written request that the court use MPJI-Cr 2:01 to instruct the jury.
 [4] The ABA Standards is now in its third edition, Standard 15-5.4 ABA Standards for Criminal Justice: Discovery and Trial by Jury, Third Edition, American Bar Association, 1996. The current form reflects some stylistic changes and a change in the numbering used, but, otherwise, there is no change in substance.
 [5] "Allen charge" is derived from an instruction sanctioned by the Supreme Court and given to a deadlocked jury. Allen v. United States 164 U.S. 492, 17 S. Ct. 154, 41 L. Ed. 528 (1896). Such a charge encourages jurors to reach a verdict by stressing deference of the minority jurors to the views of the majority. We used the term "Allen-type charge" to distinguish jury instructions that utilized language modifications to the specific instruction given in Allen v. United States. Kelly, 270 Md. at 140 n. 1, 310 A.2d. at 539 n. 1.
 [6] In Graham we used the language of "modified Allen charge." Graham, 325 Md. at 409, 601 A.2d. at 136.
 [7] See supra note 4 explaining that the ABA Standards have undergone stylistic and numeric changes since their inception in 1968. The reference in Graham is to the then-current edition of the ABA Standards.
 [8] Since the time of these decisions, North Carolina and California have changed their "duty to deliberate" instructions. The North Carolina General Assembly enacted a statute, G.S.15A-1235, based on the ABA Standards, effective July 1, 1978, to provide guidelines for "duty to deliberate" jury instructions. See State v. Alston, 294 N.C. 577, 597, 243 S.E.2d 354, 367 (1978). California has adopted standards for "duty to deliberate" jury instruction in People v. Gainer, 19 Cal. 3d 835, 852, 139 Cal. Rptr. 861, 566 P.2d 997, 1006 (1977) declaring a rule of criminal procedure that it is error "to give an instruction which either (1) encourages jurors to consider the numerical division or preponderance of opinion on the jury ...; or (2) states or implies that if the jury fails to agree the case will necessarily be retried."
 The language of a "final test" used in State v. Tope, 86 Idaho 462, 468, 387 P.2d 888, 892 (1963), was part of a charge given to a deadlocked jury and such Allen charges were disavowed in State v. Flint, 114 Idaho 806, 812, 761 P.2d 1158, 1164 (1988).
 [9] Rule 4-204 is derived from Maryland Code, Art. 52, Section 22 (1957), which allowed the amendment of a criminal information "provided, however, that such amendment [did] not change the character of the offense or crime with which the accused [was] charged." There were additional modifications in the intervening years involving "form v. substance" language and "character of the offense" language as well as numbering changes. Finally, in 1984, Rule 4-204 was issued in its present form. Consequently, depending upon the language of the Rule in effect at the time, this Court has conducted either a "character of the offense" analysis or a "matter of substance" analysis to determine if amendments not otherwise consented to have been permissible. Johnson v. State, 358 Md. 384, 387-88 & n. 1, 749 A.2d 769, 770-71 & n. 1 (2000).
 [10] A defendant must have adequate notice of the character of the offense charged against him because "every man hath a right to be informed of the accusation against him; to have a copy of the Indictment, or charge, in due time (if required) to prepare for his defence." MD. CONST. Decl. of Rights, Art. 21. "In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to ... be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation...." U.S. CONST. amend. VI.
 [11] Maryland Rule 4-202(a) is derived from former Rule 711 a and former M.D.R. 711(a). Rule 4-202, approved by this Court in 1984, modified previously used language regarding the criteria for a sufficient charging document henceforth requiring that an indictment be stated with "reasonable particularity."
 [12] See also Laque v. State, 207 Md. 242, 249, 113 A.2d 893, 895-96 (1955) (discussing a warrant that incorrectly cited a section of a zoning ordinance; the warrant was found to be sufficient because the incorrect citation did not otherwise mislead the accused and an amendment to the warrant of a substitution for the correct section reference could have been made at any time before the final judgment.)
 [13] In Busch v. State, 289 Md. 669, 678, 426 A.2d 954, 959 (1981), we found that the caption listed as "Resisting Arrest" above a charging document did not serve to characterize the offense when the body of the document contained the alleged act of the accused as "resist[ing] and hinder[ing] a police officer in the lawful execution of his duties." See also State v. Carter, 200 Md. 255, 262, 89 A.2d 586, 589 (1952).
 [14] Maryland Code, Art. 27, Sections 287, 287A (1957, 1996 Repl.Vol.) were repealed effective October 1, 2002. Article 27, Section 287 was superseded by Maryland Code Section 5-620 of the Criminal Law Article (2002). Article 27, Section 287A was superseded by Maryland Code, Section 5-619 of the Criminal Law Article (2002) with the exception of Section 287A (a) which was superseded by Section 5-101 (o). All became effective October 1, 2002.
 [15] In Gray, the caption, "Concealed Weapon," headed a warrant that did not use the statutory language of the basic description of the offense, i.e., the carrying of a weapon "openly with the intent and purpose of injury to any person in any unlawful manner," but rather, specified how the accused carried the weapons i.e., "concealed upon and about his person." Gray, 216 Md. at 416, 140 A.2d at 646. Because we found that the initial warrant as a whole, including the caption, adequately notified the accused of the charge against him, though in nontechnical terms, the amendment to that warrant did not change the character of the offense charged. Id.
 [16] Our decision in Campbell v. State, 325 Md. 488, 601 A.2d 667 (1992), holds that pipes adapted for administering controlled dangerous substances under circumstances which indicate an intention to use them for such purposes are not controlled paraphernalia under Article 27, Section 287(d). Id. at 508-09, 601 A.2d at 677; see also Kraft v. State, 18 Md.App. 169, 172, 305 A.2d 489, 491 (1973) (finding that possession of a pipe of the type used for marijuana smoking does not come under the umbrella of Article 27, Section 287(d)).
 [17] The distinctions between these two sections is the focus of a 1981 Opinion by the Maryland Attorney General's Office issued in response to a practitioner's question about whether Section 287A repealed Section 287(d)(2). 66 Op. Atty. Gen. Md. 125 (1981). This opinion highlights the textual differences in these two sections. In addition, the legislative history shows that Section 287 first became part of Maryland's criminal statutes in 1935 and later was broadened by additions in 1970 and 1971. Section 287A was enacted as emergency legislation in 1980 in an apparent attempt to stem the tide of a fairly new phenomenon in many communitiesthe open display, marketing, and sale of drug paraphernalia to the public for personal use. There is nothing in the legislative history to indicate any intention that the addition to Maryland's drug statutes of Section 287A was meant as a replacement for any preexisting statutes such as Section 287(d)(2). Section 287A does not expressly nor impliedly repeal Section 287(d)(2).
 [18] In Johnson, the court acknowledged the relevant differences in the two charges at issues in that case. Johnson, 358 Md. at 391, 749 A.2d. at 772-73. A violation involving marijuana under Article 27, Sections 286(a)(1) and 287(a) has a maximum penalty of five years imprisonment and a $15,000.00 fine compared with a maximum penalty of twenty years incarceration and a $25,000.00 fine for a violation involving a narcotic such as cocaine. Id. In addition, the enhanced penalties for second offenders do not apply for marijuana convictions but apply for previous cocaine convictions. Id. Under Section 287, the penalty for marijuana violation is a maximum of one year incarceration and/or a $1,000.00 fine compared with a possibility of four years imprisonment and/or a $25,000.00 fine for cocaine. Id.


jurisdiction: EU

text:
 20.5.2006
 ES
 Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea
 C 121/9
 Petición de decisión prejudicial planteada por Krajský soud v Ostravě el 24 de marzo de 2006 — Skoma-Lux/Celní ředitelství Olomouc
 (Asunto C-161/06)
 (2006/C 121/15)
 Lengua de procedimiento: checo
 Órgano jurisdiccional remitente
 Krajský soud v Ostravě.
 Partes en el procedimiento principal
 Demandante: Skoma-Lux, s.r.o.
 Demandada: Celní ředitelství Olomouc.
 Cuestiones prejudiciales
 1)
 ¿Debe interpretarse el artículo 58 del Acta relativa a las condiciones de adhesión de la República Checa, la República de Estonia, la República de Chipre, la República de Letonia, la República de Lituania, la República de Hungría, la República de Malta, la República de Polonia, la República de Eslovenia y la República Eslovaca, y a las adaptaciones de los Tratados en los que se fundamenta la Unión, en cuya virtud la República Checa se convirtió en Estado miembro de la Unión Europea desde el 1 de mayo de 2004, en el sentido de que cualquier Estado miembro puede aplicar frente a un particular un reglamento que en el momento de su aplicación no ha sido debidamente publicado en el Diario Oficial en la lengua oficial de dicho Estado miembro?
 2)
 En caso de respuesta negativa a la primera cuestión, ¿es la falta de fuerza ejecutiva frente al particular del reglamento correspondiente una cuestión de interpretación de la validez del Derecho comunitario en el sentido del artículo 234 del Tratado constitutivo de la Comunidad Europea?
 3)
 Si el Tribunal de Justicia decidiera que la presente petición de decisión prejudicial gira en torno a la validez de una norma comunitaria en el sentido de la sentencia de 22 de octubre de 1987, Foto-Frost (314/85, Rec. p. 4199), ¿resultaría inválido el Reglamento no 2454/93 en relación con la demandante y su pleito con la autoridad aduanera de la República Checa, a causa de la falta de la debida publicación en el Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea, de acuerdo con el artículo 58 del Acta relativa a las condiciones de adhesión?


type: legislation

text:
 116 S1448 IS: Safer Prescribing of Controlled Substances Act
 U.S. Senate
 2019-05-14
 text/xml
 EN
 Pursuant to Title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code, this file is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain.
 II116th CONGRESS1st SessionS. 1448IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATESMay 14, 2019Mr. Markey (for himself, Mr. Braun, and Mr. Manchin) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and PensionsA BILLTo require certain practitioners authorized to prescribe controlled substances to complete
 continuing education.1.Short titleThis Act may be cited as the Safer Prescribing of Controlled Substances Act.2.Continuing education requirements for certain practitioners prescribing controlled substancesSection 303 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 823) is amended—(1)in subsection (f), in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking The Attorney General shall register and inserting Subject to subsection (k), the Attorney General shall register;(2)by redesignating subsection (k) as subsection (l); and(3)by inserting after subsection (j) the following:(k)(1)In this subsection, the term covered practitioner means a practitioner that is not a hospital, pharmacy, or veterinarian.(2)As a condition of granting or renewing the registration of a covered practitioner under this part to dispense, or conduct research with, controlled substances in schedule II, III, IV, or V, the Attorney General shall require the covered practitioner to complete training through accredited continuing prescriber education that the Secretary of Health and Human Services determines meets the requirements under paragraph (3), unless the covered practitioner meets the conditions described in paragraph (6).(3)The training provided for purposes of paragraph (2) shall, at a minimum, expose covered practitioners to—(A)best practices for pain management, including responsible prescribing of pain medications, alternatives to prescribing controlled substances and other alternative therapies to decrease the use of opioids;(B)tools to manage adherence and diversion of controlled substances, including prescription drug monitoring programs, drug screening, informed consent, overdose education, and the use of opioid overdose antagonists; and(C)best practices for substance use disorder treatment, including methods for diagnosing, treating, and managing a substance use disorder, including the use of medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration and evidence-based nonpharmacological therapies, and linking patients to evidence-based treatment for substance use disorders.(4)The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration shall establish or support the establishment of not less than 1 training module that meets the requirements under paragraph (3) that is provided—(A)to any covered practitioner registered or applying for a registration under this part to dispense, or conduct research with, controlled substances in schedule II, III, IV, or V;(B)online; and(C)free of charge.(5)The Secretary of Health and Human Services shall establish, maintain, and periodically update a publically available database providing information relating to training modules that meet the requirements under paragraph (3).(6)A covered practitioner shall be deemed as completing the training described in paragraph (2) if the covered practitioner completes accredited continuing prescriber education, that—(A)is required, as a condition of State practice licensure, to fulfill mandated training or education related to best practices in pain management and substance use disorder treatment, that is substantially similar to the requirements described in paragraph (3); or(B)is required, as a condition of maintaining a board certification recognized by the appropriate board certification organizations for the covered prescriber to fulfill mandated training or education related to best practices in pain management and substance use disorder treatment, that is substantially similar to the requirement described in paragraph (3).(7)Not later than 5 years after the date of enactment of the Safer Prescribing of Controlled Substances Act, the Secretary of Health and Human Services shall evaluate, and make publically available a report describing, how exposure to the training required under this subsection has changed prescribing patterns of controlled substances..


text:
 29.5.2014
 DA
 Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
 L 160/21
 KOMMISSIONENS GENNEMFØRELSESFORORDNING (EU) Nr. 580/2014
 af 28. maj 2014
 om registrering af en betegnelse i registret over beskyttede oprindelsesbetegnelser og beskyttede geografiske betegnelser (Lonzo de Corse/Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu (BOB))
 EUROPA-KOMMISSIONEN HAR —
 under henvisning til traktaten om Den Europæiske Unions funktionsmåde,
 under henvisning til Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012 af 21. november 2012 om kvalitetsordninger for landbrugsprodukter og fødevarer (1), særlig artikel 52, stk. 2, og
 ud fra følgende betragtninger:
 (1)
 I medfør af artikel 50, stk. 2, litra a), i forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012 er Frankrigs ansøgning om registrering af betegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu« blevet offentliggjort i Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
 (2).
 (2)
 Da Kommissionen ikke har modtaget indsigelser, jf. artikel 51 i forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012, bør betegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu« registreres.
 (3)
 I følgebrevet til registreringsansøgningen, der blev modtaget den 26. april 2012, meddelte de franske myndigheder Kommissionen, at virksomhederne L'Aziana Charcuterie Corse Nunzi Sauveur, Orezza Charcuterie La Castagniccia, Charcuterie Costa & Fils, Charcuterie Fontana, Salaisons Joseph Pantaloni, Charcuterie Passoni, Salaisons Sampiero, Salaisons réunies og Etablissements Semidei lovligt har markedsført produktet med varebetegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu« og vedvarende anvendt denne betegnelse i mere end fem år, og at dette forhold har været rejst gennem den nationale indsigelsesprocedure. De pågældende virksomheder var blevet indrømmet en tilpasningsperiode med virkning fra den dato, hvor ansøgningen blev indgivet til Kommissionen, i overensstemmelse med artikel 5, stk. 6, i Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006 (3), som var gældende på tidspunktet for indgivelsen af ansøgningen.
 (4)
 I betragtning af at de pågældende virksomheder opfyldte betingelserne i artikel 13, stk. 3, andet afsnit, i forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006, har de franske myndigheder i samme følgebrev til registreringsansøgningen anmodet Kommissionen om at fastsætte en overgangsperiode i henhold til nævnte artikel for at gøre det muligt for de pågældende virksomheder lovligt at anvende varebetegnelsen efter registreringen.
 (5)
 Forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006 er i mellemtiden erstattet af forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012, der trådte i kraft den 3. januar 2013. Betingelserne i artikel 13, stk. 3, andet afsnit, i forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006 er gentaget i artikel 15, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012.
 (6)
 Eftersom L'Aziana Charcuterie Corse Nunzi Sauveur, Orezza Charcuterie La Castagniccia, Charcuterie Costa & Fils, Charcuterie Fontana, Salaisons Joseph Pantaloni, Charcuterie Passoni, Salaisons Sampiero, Salaisons réunies og Etablissements Semidei opfylder betingelserne i artikel 15, stk. 1, i forordning (EU) nr. 1151/2012, bør de i en overgangsperiode på fem år indrømmes retten til at anvende betegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu«. Eftersom de allerede har haft fordel af den nationale tilpasningsperiode, bør de fem år dog gælde fra datoen for indgivelsen af registreringsansøgningen til Kommissionen.
 (7)
 De i denne forordning fastsatte foranstaltninger er i overensstemmelse med udtalelse fra Udvalget for Kvalitetspolitikken for Landbrugsprodukter —
 VEDTAGET DENNE FORORDNING:
 Artikel 1
 Betegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu« (BOB) registreres.
 Betegnelsen i første afsnit identificerer et produkt i kategori 1.2. Kødprodukter (opvarmet, saltet, røget m.m.) i bilag II til Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 1898/2006 (4).
 Artikel 2
 L'Aziana Charcuterie Corse Nunzi Sauveur, Orezza Charcuterie La Castagniccia, Charcuterie Costa & Fils, Charcuterie Fontana, Salaisons Joseph Pantaloni, Charcuterie Passoni, Salaisons Sampiero, Salaisons réunies og Etablissements Semidei gives tilladelse til i en overgangsperiode indtil den 27. april 2017 fortsat at anvende betegnelsen »Lonzo de Corse«/»Lonzo de Corse — Lonzu« (BOB).
 Artikel 3
 Denne forordning træder i kraft på tyvendedagen efter offentliggørelsen i Den Europæiske Unions Tidende.
 Denne forordning er bindende i alle enkeltheder og gælder umiddelbart i hver medlemsstat.
 Udfærdiget i Bruxelles, den 28. maj 2014.
 På Kommissionens vegne
 José Manuel BARROSO
 Formand
 (1) EUT L 343 af 14.12.2012, s. 1.
 (2) EUT C 81 af 20.3.2013, s. 14.
 (3) Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006 af 20. marts 2006 om beskyttelse af geografiske betegnelser og oprindelsesbetegnelser for landbrugsprodukter og fødevarer (EUT L 93 af 31.3.2006, s. 12).
 (4) Kommissionens forordning (EF) nr. 1898/2006 af 14. december 2006 om gennemførelsesbestemmelser til Rådets forordning (EF) nr. 510/2006 om beskyttelse af geografiske betegnelser og oprindelsesbetegnelser for landbrugsprodukter og fødevarer (EUT L 369 af 23.12.2006, s. 1).


type: other

text:
HVG Orac Lap- és Könyvkiadó Kft. 2011. IV. szám - 2011. április
 88 Három évi szabadságvesztésnél súlyosabban büntetendő bűntett miatt próbára bocsátás abban az esetben sem alkalmazható, ha az öt évi szabadságvesztésnél nem súlyosabban büntetendő bűntettet elkövető terhelt esetében – a tevékeny megbánásra figyelemmel – a büntetés korlátlanul enyhíthető
 89 A segítségnyújtásra köteles abban az esetben sem mentesülhet a büntetőjogi felelősségét megalapozó kötelezettsége alól, ha a sérülés súlyossága miatt a sértett halála a sérülés okozása után nyomban bekövetkezik
 90 A cégnyilvántartás a benne feltüntetett adatok, bejegyzett jogok és tények fennállását és változását közhitelűen tanúsító közokirat; ezért az ügyvezető részéről a cég székhelyének valótlan megjelölése az alapító okiratban, s ennek a cégbírósághoz történő bejelentése intellektuális közokirat-hamisítás
 91 Amennyiben a vad elejtésére a húsának eltulajdonítása érdekében kerül sor, a cselekmény jogi értékelésénél nem az élővad-érték, hanem a hús-érték az irányadó, feltéve, hogy az elkövető a vadászatra vonatkozó szabályokat mindössze azzal sértette meg, hogy a vad elejtésének a megtörténtét – az önleleplezés elhárítása érdekében – az egyéni vadászati naplóban az egyéni lőjegyzéken nem jegyezte be, és az elejtett vadat az előírások szerint nem jelölte meg, egyébként viszont az élővad elejtésére jogosult volt
 I. Megvalósítja a többrendbeli csalás bűntettét, aki több személytől olyan kölcsönöket vesz fel, amelyek visszafizetésének szándéka már az összegek felvételekor is hiányzik és ezek visszafizetésére objektív lehetősége sincs
 II. A sikkasztás és a csalás az üzletszerűség szempontjából hasonló cselekmény. Az üzletszerűség egy bűncselekménnyel kapcsolatban is megállapítható, ha a terhelt rendszeres haszonszerzésre törekvő akarat-elhatározása további bűncselekmények elkövetése tekintetében is felismerhető
 93 Rablást és nem zsarolást vagy önbíráskodást valósít meg az, aki élet vagy testi épség elleni közvetlen fenyegetéssel kényszeríti a sértettet arra, hogy a gépkocsiját elcserélje
 94 A számviteli rend megsértésének bűntette esetében a bíróság illetékességét nem az elkövetési magatartás kifejtésének konkrét helye, hanem a cég székhelye határozza meg
 95 Nem valósít meg eljárási szabálysértést, ha a tárgyaláson az egyik vádlott meghatalmazott védőjét olyan ügyvéd helyettesíti, akinek ügyvédjelöltje a másik vádlott meghatalmazott védőjének helyetteseként jár el
 I. A büntetőügyben védőként eljáró ügyvéd perjogi legitimációját (eljárási jogosultságát) a területi kamara által kiállított és érvényes ügyvédi igazolvány felmutatásával igazolja
 II. A bíróságnak ezen túlmenően nincs olyan kötelezettsége, hogy az eljáró védő kamarai tagságának keltét, illetve az alapszabály megalkotásának idejét vizsgálja
 I. Felülvizsgálati eljárásban megállapított törvénysértő minősítés esetén a büntetés abban az esetben is lehet törvénysértő, ha az a törvényes minősítésnek megfelelő büntetési tétel keretei között került kiszabásra
 II. Törvénysértő minősítés miatt törvénysértő büntetés kiszabását sérelmező felülvizsgálati indítvány nyilvános ülésen bírálandó el abban az esetben is, ha a büntetés más, nem kifogásolt minősítő körülmény által meghatározott büntetési tétel keretei között került kiszabásra
 98 Ha a bíróság tárgyalásról lemondás alapján folytatott eljárásban meghozott ítéletében a váddal egyezően minősíti a cselekményt, téves jogi minősítésére és ennek következtében a büntetés törvénysértő voltára hivatkozva felülvizsgálatnak nincs helye
 99 Az, akit harmadik személy más – szintén megtévesztett – személy jóhiszemű közvetítése mellett vett rá a szerződés megkötésére, alappal támadhatja azt meg, ha erről a másik fél tudott vagy tudnia kellett
 100 A közös tulajdonú ingatlanon végzett munkák fennmaradásának engedélyezéséhez szükséges jognyilatkozat pótlása iránt indított perben az alperes személyében bekövetkezett változás nem teszi szükségessé új per indítását
 101 A tettleges bántalmazással okozott kár megtérítése iránti igény elévülése nem nyugszik csupán amiatt, hogy az elkövetővel szemben indított büntetőeljárás folyamatban van, ha az elkövető személyének és a kár ismeretének hiánya nem akadályozza a károsultat a kárigénye érvényesítésében
 102 A bérlakások értékesítésére irányadó jogszabályokban foglalt kedvezményeket a bérlő a vételi jog gyakorlására vonatkozó nyilatkozata időpontjában hatályos jogszabály alapján igényelheti. A lakás forgalmi értékét azonban a szerződést közvetlenül megelőző értékbecslés alapján kell megállapítani
 103 Lízingbevevő által a lízingelt vagyontárgyra kötött vagyonbiztosítási szerződés alapján a biztosító helytállási kötelezettsége a lízingbevevővel szemben fennáll, ha a lízing időtartama alatt a biztosítási esemény bekövetkezett. Ha időközben a lízingszerződés tulajdonszerzés nélkül megszűnt, a javítás gazdaságosságát a tulajdonos szempontjából kell megítélni
 104 Az apasági vélelem megdőlte esetén a vélelmezett apa a jogalap nélküli gazdagodás szabályai szerint követelheti a gyermekre fordított költségei és a teljesített tartásdíj megtérítését attól a férfitól, aki teljes hatályú elismerés folytán a megüresedett apai státuszba lépett. A megtérítésre annyiban jogosult, amennyiben az elismerés folytán az apai jogállásba lépő férfi eltartási kötelezettsége az érintett időszakban fennállt
 I. Az életközösség megszűnésének időpontja szempontjából annak tartalmi elemeit a felek életviszonyával összefüggésben, a házasságuk sajátosságainak megfelelően kell értékelni [Pp. 164. § (1) és (2) bek., 206. § (1) bek.].
 II. A törvény nem zárja ki, hogy a különélő szülő a gyermekek természetbeni tartásához maga is hozzájáruljon, de azt, hogy ily módon meddig és milyen mértékben tett eleget a tartási kötelezettségének, vita esetén, neki kell bizonyítania
 106 Ha a végrehajtási eljárásban a végrehajtó a felek személyében történt változás miatt beterjeszti az iratokat a végrehajtást foganatosító bírósághoz, az iratok beterjesztése és visszaérkezése között a végrehajtási ügy folyamatban marad, azonban nem a végrehajtó, hanem a végrehajtást foganatosító bíróság előtt
 107 A kölcsönszerződésben kikötött előtörlesztési díj a hitelintézet kieső kamatbevételének kompenzálására szolgál, ezért a feleknek erre vonatkozó megállapodása semmis. Az előtörlesztés következtében felmerült többletköltségek felszámításának jogi akadálya nincsen
 108 A Legfelsőbb Bíróság indokoltnak tartotta az Európai Unió Bíróságának megkeresését az alábbi kérdésekben történő előzetes döntéshozatal céljából. Amennyiben a származási tagállamokban székhelyáthelyezés címén egy adott cég megszűnését állapítják meg, majd a fogadó állam joga szerint új alapító okiratot készítenek, és kérik a cégbejegyzésüket, a fogadó államnak tekintettel kell-e lennie a szabad letelepedés EK-Szerződésben írt rendelkezésére. Amennyiben igen, ellentétes-e a fogadó államnak olyan jogi szabályozási rendszere, amely ezt a lehetőséget megtagadja a származási állam valamely volt vállalkozásától. Amennyiben igen, a fogadó állam cégjegyzékébe bejegyezhető-e az, hogy a vállalkozás a jogutódja a származási államban korábban nyilvántartott és törölt vállalkozásnak
 109 A megszűnt korlátolt felelősségű gazdasági társaság tagjainak a társaság tartozásaiért való felelősségére nem vonatkoznak a Ptk.-nak a többalanyú kötelmek kötelezetti pozíciójában lévő személyek kötelezettségére vonatkozó szabályok. A jogosult a követelését a tagokkal szemben csak a felosztott vagyonból nekik jutó rész erejéig érvényesítheti
 110 Oszthatatlan szolgáltatásnak minősül egy adott termék kizárólagos értékesítésével egybekötött reklámozása, ezért a részleges szerződésszegés jogkövetkezményeit a teljes szerződésre alkalmazni kell
 111 Ha szolgálati viszonyra vonatkozó parancs egy része érvénytelen, és a felek az érvénytelen rész nélkül nem állapodtak volna meg, a parancs egésze érvénytelenné válik
 112 Az előrehozott öregségi nyugdíjra való jogosultság akkor áll fenn, ha a törvény irányadó együttes feltételei megvalósulnak
 113 A vezetői megbízás visszavonásához a törvény nem kíván meg olyan súlyos okot, mint amit a munkáltatónak a jogviszony megszüntetése, vagy fegyelmi intézkedése esetén kell igazolnia
 114 A házvezetőnői feladatok ellátására létrejött jogviszonyt munkaviszonyként kell minősíteni, ha a felek között alá- és fölérendeltségi viszony állt fenn, és a munkáltató utasítási és ellenőrzési jogot gyakorolt. A munkavállaló havi rendszerességgel munkabérben részesült, a munkáját az alperes lakásában, az ő munkaeszközeivel végezte
 115 Az Itv. 26. § (1) bekezdése szerinti illetékmentesség csak lakóház építésére alkalmas telektulajdon megszerzése után jár. Az illetékmentesség feltételei fennálltának vizsgálata során a szerződés megkötésének az időpontja az irányadó
 116 Ha a bíróság a perben bizonyítottnak értékeli a kölcsönügyletet, jogszerű az arra folytatott bizonyítási eljárása, hogy a kapott pénzzel az adózó a vizsgált időszak kezdetén rendelkezett-e
 117 A súlyosbítási tilalom nem érvényesülhet, ha az adóhatósági ellenőrzés nem fejeződött be és az adóhatósági eljárásban nem született jogerős határozat
 118 A korábbi községi közös tanács székhelyének képviselőtestülete önkényesen nem válhat ki a körjegyzőségből – A Legfelsőbb Bíróság az Alkotmánybíróságnak az alkotmányossági vizsgálat során kialakított jogszabály-értelmezését nem vizsgálhatja felül, és nem állapíthatja meg, hogy a jogszabály – az AB határozata ellenére – alkotmányellenes
 119 A kéttagú körjegyzőség megszűnik, ha abból az egyik község kiválik. Ez esetben a körjegyzőség, mint költségvetési szerv megszüntetéséről és a körjegyző felmentéséről a naptári év január 1-jei hatállyal kell dönteni
 120 A hulladék fogalmának értelmezése a vonatkozó uniós irányelvek tükrében
 121 A gépjárművezető heti pihenőidejét a hatósági ellenőrzés során igazolni kell
 122 A Ptk. 402. § (2) bekezdése szerinti jelzálogjog bejegyzéséhez benyújtott okiratnak meg kell felelnie az Inytv. 32. § (1) bekezdés feltételeinek, kivéve az érdekeltek megállapodását és a bejegyzési engedélyt
 1) Amennyiben az újszülöttek köldökzsinórvérének begyűjtésére alkalmas eszköz rendelkezésre bocsátásában, e vér analízisében és feldolgozásában, valamint adott esetben az e vérből kinyert őssejtek esetleges jövőbeli terápiás célú felhasználása érdekében történő tárolásában álló tevékenységek célja kizárólag annak biztosítása, hogy valamilyen forrás álljon rendelkezésre orvosi kezelés céljából azon bizonytalan feltételezett helyzet megvalósulása esetén, ha az szükségessé válna, és önmagukban nem céljuk betegségek vagy egészségügyi zavarok diagnosztizálása, kezelése vagy gyógyítása, az ilyen tevékenységek – akár együttesen, akár külön-külön véve – nem tartoznak sem a közös hozzáadottértékadó-rendszerről szóló, 2006. november 28-i 2006/112/EK tanácsi irányelv 132. cikke (1) bekezdésének b) pontjában szereplő „kórházi és orvosi gyógykezelés”, sem az említett irányelv 132. cikke (1) bekezdésének c) pontjában szereplő „egészségügyi ellátások” fogalma alá. A köldökzsinórvér analízise esetében csak akkor állna elő eltérő helyzet, ha ezen analízis ténylegesen orvosi diagnózis felállítását tenné lehetővé, aminek az ellenőrzése szükség esetén a kérdést előterjesztő bíróság feladata.
 2) A 2006/112 irányelv 132. cikke (1) bekezdésének b) pontja értelmében vett „kórházi és orvosi gyógykezelés[hez]” „szorosan kapcsolódó” tevékenységek fogalmát úgy kell értelmezni, hogy az nem fedi le az alapügyben szóban forgókhoz hasonló azon tevékenységeket, amelyek az újszülöttek köldökzsinórvérének begyűjtésére alkalmas eszköz rendelkezésre bocsátásában, e vér analizálásában és feldolgozásában, valamint adott esetben a köldökzsinórvérből kinyert őssejtek esetleges jövőbeli terápiás célú felhasználása érdekében történő tárolásában állnak, amely felhasználáshoz e tevékenységek csak esetlegesen kapcsolódnak, az nem történik meg ténylegesen, és az nincs sem folyamatban, sem tervbe véve.


type: wikipedia

text:
A Supercopa da CAF de 2014 (oficialmente a Supercopa Orange CAF 2014 por motivos de patrocínio) foi a 22a edição organizada pela Confederação Africana de Futebol (CAF), entre os vencedores das temporadas anteriores. as duas competições de clubes da CAF na temporada, a Liga dos Campeões da CAF e a Copa das Confederações da CAF .
 A terceira final entre as duas eiquepes
 Pela Liga dos Campeões da CAF de 2006 , Sfaxien perdeu a decisão em casa no Estadio Olímpico de Radès após 1-1 no Cairo , na final da Supercopa da CAF de 2009 Al Ahly venceu mais uma vez a final por 2-1 no mesmo Estádio Internacional do Cairo , palco da decisão de 2014 .
 Equipes
 Estatísticas
 Detalhes da partida
 Técnicos
 Mohamed Youssef - Al Ahly
 Hamadi Daou - Sfaxien
 Campeão
 Ver também
 Liga dos Campeões da CAF
 Copa das Confederações da CAF
 Supercopa da CAF
 Ligações externas
 CAF Super Cup
 Supercopa Africana
 2014 no futebol