type: other

text:
1 Arja Haapakorpi & Paula Paasto Maisterit, farmaseutit ja lastentarhanopettajat työmarkkinoilla Vuonna 2002 Helsingin yliopistossa ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon, farmaseutin ja lastentarhanopettajan tutkinnon suorittaneiden sijoittuminen työmarkkinoille viisi vuotta tutkinnon suorittamisen jälkeen Lääketieteellisen tiedekunnan tilastokooste Helsingin yliopisto Ura- ja rekrytointipalvelut Koulutus- ja kehittämiskeskus Palmenia 2008
 2 SAATTEEKSI Käsillä olevaan tiedekuntakohtaiseen tilastokoosteeseen on koottu malliksi taulukoita, joissa tiedekunnan tuloksia esitetään laitostasolla. Tiedot on esitetty absoluuttisina lukuina, koska havaintojen lukumäärä jää useimmissa laitoksissa pieneksi. Tilastokoosteen lopussa on listat kyselyyn vastanneiden työllisten vastaushetken ammattinimikkeistä ja työnantajista. Tiedekunnille tarjotaan mahdollisuus saada käyttöönsä ilman tunnistetietoja omaa tiedekuntaa koskeva aineisto, joka mahdollistaa mm. eri oppiaineiden tai laitosten yhdistämisiä. Aineisto toimitetaan excel-muodossa ja sen voi pyytää Merja Enkovaara-Pälviltä: Koko yliopistoa koskeva tilastoraportti sekä tiedekuntakohtaiset tilastokoosteet löytyvät: https://alma.helsinki.fi/doclink/
 3 1. URASEURANNAN TAVOITTEET JA TOTEUTUS 1.1 Uraseurannan tavoitteet Uraseurannan tavoitteena on arvioida, miten Helsingin yliopistosta vuonna 2002 ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon (maisterit, eläin-, hammas- ja lääketieteen lisensiaatit) sekä lastentarhanopettajan ja farmaseutin tutkinnon suorittaneet ovat sijoittuneet työelämään. Sijoittumista arvioidaan työllisyystilanteen ja työllistymisen laadun näkökulmasta. Laatu tarkoittaa tässä työtehtävien luonnetta ja työn vaativuustasoa sekä työnantajaorganisaation ominaisuuksia. Lisäksi tarkastellaan yliopisto-opinnoista annettua palautetta. Tarkastelun kohteena on viiden vuoden ajanjakso valmistumisesta vuoteen Koko yliopistoa koskevassa tilastoraportissa on esitetty tiedot taulukko- ja kuviomuodossa. Taulukoita ja kuvioita voi suoraan verrata aikaisempaan vuonna 2007 valmistuneeseen selvitykseen (Haapakorpi, A. & Manninen, J. & Paasto, P. 2007: Maisterit ja päättötutkinnon suorittaneet kandidaatit työmarkkinoilla. Vuonna 2001 Helsingin yliopistossa ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon ja päättötutkinnon suorittaneiden kandidaattien sijoittuminen työ-markkinoille viisi vuotta tutkinnon suorittamisen jälkeen. Helsingin yliopiston hallinnon julkaisuja 42 Raportit ja selvitykset). Taulukoiden ja kuvioiden numerointi vastaavat toisiaan. 1.2 Toteutus Uraseurantakysely on toteutettu yhteistyössä 14 muun yliopiston kanssa. Kyselylomaketta on kehitelty yliopistojen yhteistyönä ja sen tavoitteena on toimia valtakunnallisena seurantavälineenä. Pohjana on hyödynnetty aikaisemmin käytettyjä kyselylomakkeita. Kysely on osa valtakunnallista uraseurantaa, jossa noin 80 % kysymyksistä on yliopistojen kesken samoja ja loput yliopistoittain eriytyviä. Koko yliopistoa koskeva tilastoraportti sisältää keskeisimmät tulokset Helsingin yliopiston kysely-aineistosta. Helsingin yliopiston opintorekisteristä poimittiin syksyllä 2007 ne opiskelijat, jotka olivat suorittaneet ylemmän tai tietyn alemman korkeakoulututkinnon vuonna Otos oli 2508 henkilöä, joista 2270 henkilöä oli suorittanut maisterintutkinnon tai lääketieteellisten alojen lisensiaatin tutkinnon. Farmaseutteja oli 145 ja lastentarhan-opettajia 93. Henkilötietojen lisäksi poimittiin opintoihin liittyviä perustietoja, kuten tiedekunta, koulutusohjelma, pääaine ja tutkinto. Henkilötietojen perusteella tehtiin osoitepoiminta Väestörekisterikeskuksesta. Väestörekisterikeskuksesta tilattiin laaja rekisteripäivitys; mukana olivat myös sellaiset henkilöt, joilla oli tietojen osoitteiden luovutuskielto. Aineistoon valikoituneiden määrä ei vastaa täysin tutkinnon suorittaneiden määrää, sillä joukossa oli myös ulkomaille muuttaneita, jolloin heille ei löytynyt väestörekisteristä osoitetietoja. Syksyllä 2007 toteutettiin kysely ja uusintakysely. Opintorekisteritiedot ja lomakevastausten tiedot yhdistettiin lomakkeiden koodinumeron avulla aineiston analyysiä varten. Aineistoanalyysi on toteutettu SPSS-ohjelmalla ja avokysymysten vastaukset on teemoitettu ja luokiteltu sisältöjen mukaan. Tulokset esitetään vuoden 2004 tiedekuntajaon mukaan. 1.3 Vastausaktiivisuus Vastaajia oli yhteensä 1481 henkilöä, joten vastausaste oli 59,0 %. Miesten vastausprosentti oli 53,8 % (tutkinnon suorittaneet = 697, vastanneet = 375) ja naisten 61,0 % (tutkinnon suorittaneet = 1811, vastanneet = 1105), lastentarhanopettajien 65,6 % ja farmaseuttien 54,5 %. Ylemmän korkeakoulututkinnon suorittaneiden vastausprosentti oli 59,0 % (tutkinnon suorittaneet = 2270, vastanneet = 1340). Farmaseutteja oli vastaajissa 79, lastentarhanopettajia 61. 3
 4 Taulu 1. Helsingin yliopistosta v valmistuneiden viisivuotisseuranta-aineisto: vastanneet, valmistuneet ja vastaus % uuden v tiedekuntajaon sekä valmistumishetkellä olleen tiedekuntajaon mukaan Valmistuneita Vastanneita Vastausprosentti Tdk2002 TDK2004 Tdk2002 TDK2004 Tdk2002 TDK2004 Biotieteellinen (BT) ,81 % Eläinlääketieteellinen (EL) ,52 % 51,52 % Farmasian (FT) ,22 %* Humanistinen (HU) ,71 % 54,89 % Käyttäytymistieteellinen (KT)* ,32 % 66,96 %** Lääketieteellinen (LT) ,00 % 50,00 % Matemaattis-luonnontieteellinen (ML) ,05 % 61,81 % Maatalous-metsätieteellinen (MM) ,23 % 55,25 % Oikeustieteellinen (OT) ,84 % 47,84 % Teologinen (TT) ,67 % 66,67 % Valtiotieteellinen (VT) ,12 % 66,34 % tuntematon ,05 % 59,05 % * Entinen Kasvatustieteellinen tiedekunta ** Farmaseuttien vastaamisaktiivisuus 54,5 % ja Lastentarhanopettajien 65,6 % 4
 5 2. TILASTOKOOSTEEN TAULUKOT Taulukoissa tiedot on esitetty absoluuttisina lukuina opiskelijarekisterissä olevan laitosjaon mukaan. Lopussa on lueteltu vastaushetkellä työssä olevien vastaajien ilmoittamia ammattinimikkeitä ja työnantajia. Taulukko 1: Työmarkkinatilanne valmistumishetkellä tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 1) Työssä Työtön työnhakija Päätoiminen opiskelija Perhevapaa Muu tilanne Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Taulukko 2: Ensimmäisen työsuhteen luonne tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 2) Vakituinen Määräaikainen Osaaikatyö Itsenäinen yrittäjä/ ammatinharjoittaja Työllistetty / työharjoittelija Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Taulukko 3: Työmarkkinatilanne ja työsuhteen luonne seurantahetkellä tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 3) Vakituinen Määräaikainen Osa-aikatyö Itsenäinen yrittäjä / ammatinharjoittaja Työllistetty / työharjoittelija Työtön työnhakija Työvoimakoulutus tai vast. Päätoiminen opiskelu Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Taulukko 4: Työn luonne seurantahetkellä tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 5) Perhevapaa Muu työtilanne Tutkimus Opetus ja kasvatus Johto-ja esimiestehtävät Konsultointi tai koulutus Asiakastyö / potilastyö Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Markkinointi ja myynti Suunn.-, kehitys- tai hallintoteht Taulukko 5: Työnantajasektori seurantahetken työpaikassa tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 7) Viestintä- ja mediatyö Toimisto- ja esikuntateht Taiteellinen työ Lainopillinen työ Kirkollinen työ Rahoituksen t. taloushall.teht Muu 5
 6 Yksityinen yritys tai valtionyhtiö Kunta, kuntayhtymä, kuntien liikelaitos, amk Valtio, valtion liikelaitos Järjestö, seurakunta, säätiö tms Oma yritys, vastaanotto, toiminimi tms Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Muu työnantaja Taulukko 6: Oliko korkeakoulututkinto vaatimuksena valmistumisen jälkeiseen ensimmäiseen ja seurantahetken työpaikkaan. Tiedot tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 8) Lääketieteellinen tiedekunta kyllä ei Ensimmäinen työ Seurantahetken työ ei tiedä kyllä ei ei tiedä Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Taulukko 7: Nykyisen työtehtävän vastaavuus suhteessa yliopistolliseen koulutukseen tiedekunnan ja laitoksen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 9) Työn vaativuustaso on koulutustasoa selvästi alhaisempi Työn vaativuustaso on osittain koulutustasoa alhaisempi Hammaslääketieteen laitos Kaikki Taulukko 8: Bruttopalkka keskiarvona tiedekunnittain sukupuolen mukaan (vrt. koko yliopistoa koskevan tilastoraportin liitetaulukko 10) Työ vastaa hyvin koulutustasoa Työ on koulutukseen nähden vaativampaa Miehet Naiset Kaikki N BT 2806, , ,49 47 EL 5750, , ,88 17 FT* 3745, , ,88 98 HU 2951, , , KT** 3213, , , LT 4991, , ,66 52 ML 3739, , , MM 3308, , , OT 4902, , , TT 2684, , ,12 76 VT 3837, , , Kaikki 3702, , , * sisältää myös farmaseutit ** sisältää myös lastentarhanopettajat 6
 7 Vastausajankohdan (syksy 2007) ammattinimikkeitä: erikoistuva hammaslääkäri erikoistuva lääkäri hammaslääkäri kehityspäällikkö lääkäri osastonlääkäri post doc -tutkija sairaalalääkäri sjukhusläkare st-läkare (under specialisering) terveyskeskushammaslääkäri terveyskeskuslääkäri tutkija tutkijakoulutettava työterveyslääkäri va. osastonlääkäri vs. osastonlääkäri Vastausajankohdan (syksy 2007) työnantajia: Arcada svenska yrkeshögskola Astrid Lindgrens barnsjukhus vid Karolinska sjukhuset, Solna, Stockholm, Sverige Espoon kaupungin kirjasto Espoon kaupunki Etelä-Karjalan keskussairaala Helsingin kaupunki hammashuolto-osasto Helsingin ja Uudenmaan sairaanhoitopiiri HUS Helsingin kaupunki, terveyskeskus Helsingin yliopisto- Neuvotieteen tutkimuskeskus Helsingin yliopisto Hns Hus Hyks Kanta-Hämeen sairaanhoitopiiri Karolinska sjukhuset, ÖNH-kliniken Lempäälän kunta Maastrichtin yliopisto, Alankomaat Mediverkko oy Oral hammaslääkärit Oral hammassairaala + Näkin hammas Plusterveys Oy Pohjois-Pohjanmaan sairaanhoitopiiri Päijät-Hämeen keskussairaala Tuusulan kunta Yalen yliopisto Yliop. Keskussairaala Göteborg Yths 7
 Humanistisen tiedekunnan taulukoita
 TYÖELÄMÄPALAUTE HELSINGIN YLIOPISTOSSA VUONNA 2014 TUTKINNON SUORITTANEET
 TYÖELÄMÄPALAUTE HELSINGIN YLIOPISTOSSA VUONNA 2014 TUTKINNON SUORITTANEET Helsingin yliopiston urapalvelut on vuosikymmenen ajan kerännyt vastavalmistuneilta palautetta yliopisto-opinnoista ja työelämään


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 8.11.2012
 ES
 Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea
 L 309/21
 DECISIÓN DEL COMITÉ MIXTO DEL EEE
 No 139/2012
 de 13 de julio de 2012
 por la que se modifica el Protocolo 31 del Acuerdo EEE, sobre la cooperación en sectores específicos no incluidos en las cuatro libertades
 EL COMITÉ MIXTO DEL EEE,
 Visto el Acuerdo sobre el Espacio Económico Europeo, en la redacción dada al mismo por el Protocolo por el que se adapta el Acuerdo sobre el Espacio Económico Europeo (en lo sucesivo denominado «el Acuerdo»), y, en particular, sus artículos 86 y 98,
 Considerando lo siguiente:
 (1)
 El Protocolo 31 del Acuerdo EEE fue modificado por la Decisión del Comité Mixto del EEE no 122/2012, de 15 de junio de 2012 (1).
 (2)
 Un sistema completo de vigilancia de la Tierra es de crucial importancia para la gestión sostenible del norte de Europa y el Ártico.
 (3)
 Noruega ha contribuido al desarrollo del Programa Europeo de Vigilancia de la Tierra (GMES), tanto en el Séptimo Programa Marco de la Comunidad Europea para acciones de investigación, desarrollo tecnológico y demostración (2007-2013) como en su calidad de miembro de la Agencia Espacial Europea.
 (4)
 Procede ampliar la cooperación entre las Partes contratantes del Acuerdo EEE a fin de incluir el Reglamento (UE) no 911/2010 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 22 de septiembre de 2010, sobre el Programa Europeo de Vigilancia de la Tierra (GMES) y sus operaciones iniciales (2011-2013) (2).
 (5)
 Por consiguiente, para que esta cooperación ampliada pueda efectuarse a partir del 1 de enero de 2012, es preciso modificar el Protocolo 31 del Acuerdo EEE.
 HA ADOPTADO LA PRESENTE DECISIÓN:
 Artículo 1
 El artículo 1 del Protocolo 31 del Acuerdo EEE queda modificado como sigue:
 1)
 El texto del apartado 6 se sustituye por el siguiente:
 «6. Cualquier evaluación o reorientación profunda de las actividades de los programas marco para acciones de la Unión en materia de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico a que se refieren los apartados 5, 8 bis, 8 quater, 9 y 10 se regulará por el procedimiento mencionado en el artículo 79, apartado 3, del Acuerdo.».
 2)
 Después del apartado 8b, se inserta el siguiente apartado:
 «8c.
 a)
 A partir del 1 de enero de 2012, los Estados de la AELC participarán en las actividades que puedan resultar del siguiente acto de la Unión:
 —
 32010 R 0911: Reglamento (UE) no 911/2010 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 22 de septiembre de 2010, sobre el Programa Europeo de Vigilancia de la Tierra (GMES) y sus operaciones iniciales (2011-2013) (DO L 276 de 20.10.2010, p. 1).
 b)
 Los Estados de la AELC contribuirán económicamente a las actividades a que se refiere la letra a), con arreglo a lo dispuesto en el artículo 82, apartado 1, letra a), del Protocolo 32 del Acuerdo.
 c)
 Los Estados de la AELC participarán plenamente, sin derecho de voto, en todos los comités de la Unión que asistan a la Comisión Europea en la gestión, desarrollo y realización de las actividades mencionadas en la letra a), concretamente el Comité del GMES, el Consejo de Seguridad y el Foro de Usuarios.
 d)
 Este apartado no se aplicará a Liechtenstein.
 e)
 Por lo que se refiere a Islandia, este apartado quedará suspendido hasta que el Comité Mixto del EEE decida otra cosa.».
 Artículo 2
 La presente Decisión entrará en vigor el día siguiente al de la última notificación comunicada al Comité Mixto del EEE (3) de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 103, apartado 1, del Acuerdo.
 Será aplicable a partir del 1 de enero de 2012.
 Artículo 3
 La presente Decisión se publicará en la sección EEE y en el Suplemento EEE del Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea.
 Hecho en Bruselas, 13 de julio de 2012.
 Por el Comité Mixto del EEE
 El Presidente
 Atle LEIKVOLL
 (1) DO L 270 de 4.10.2012, p. 46.
 (2) DO L 276 de 20.10.2010, p. 1.
 (3) No se han indicado preceptos constitucionales.


type: caselaw

jurisdiction: US

text:
This controversy arises upon exceptions to an auditor's account distributing the assets of the Baltimore Overall Manufacturing Company, an insolvent corporation and now in the hands of receivers, appointed by the Circuit Court of Baltimore City, to administer and wind up its affairs, under the supervision of that Court.
 The auditor in the distribution of the funds in the hands of the receivers allowed the appellant a dividend of $1,419.60 on a promissory note for $3,000, drawn by the company to his order, dated April 25th, 1911, and payable four months after date without interest.
 The appellees are general creditors of the company, and filed exceptions to the allowance of this dividend on the alleged claim, and state the following grounds of exceptions:
 (1) That the defendant corporation is not now, and never was indebted to the appellant in the sum of three thousand dollars and is not indebted to him in any sum whatever.
 (2) That the appellant is a stockholder and not a creditor of the defendant corporation, and is not entitled to participate in the distribution of the assets until all the creditors who have filed claims have been paid in full.
 (3) That the appellant is indebted to the defendant corporation.
 (4) And for additional reasons state, that the sum of three thousand dollars ($3,000) was by the appellant contributed or paid unto the corporation or into the business conducted and carried on under the name of the Baltimore Overall Manufacturing Company as capital, and he is not entitled to participate in the distribution of the assets of the corporation or of the business conducted under the name of the Baltimore Overall Manufacturing Company until all the creditors who have filed claims are paid in full; and,
 (5) That after the sum of three thousand dollars ($3,000) was so contributed or paid in by him as capital he withdrew a part thereof. *Page 67
 By an agreement as to record filed on the 25th of October, 1912, it was agreed, that the exceptions filed by the National Exchange Bank, Pereth Cohen, Collins Ray Company, S. Hurwitz, L. Spiegelberg Sons, W.P. West Sons, Standard Overall Company, McKenny, Field Woodman, H.B. Claflin Company, The Thread Agency, and The Farrish-Stafford Company as shown by the docket entries, are similar to and substantially the same as the exceptions and the additional exceptions filed by T. Martin and Brothers Mfg. Co. and that the claims of all the excepting creditors were duly proved and verified, and all the items on all of said claims are for charges against said corporation for merchandise sold to it after May 2, 1911, except the claim of The National Exchange Bank, which is for money advanced or loaned on a promissory note after this date.
 These exceptions to the claim of the appellant were sustained by the Court below, and from the order so passed on the 18th day of July, 1912, this appeal has been taken.
 The net balance in the hands of the receivers for the distribution appears to be the sum of $4 431.84 and if the appellant is to participate as a general creditor, the dividend of $1,419.60 as allowed by the auditor, will consume nearly one-third of the entire assets of the estate, and the remaining creditors who have filed their claims, will receive on or about 47.31 per cent.
 A large mass of testimony was taken in open Court, covering nearly two hundred pages of the record, so we will not review it at length, but state our conclusions, and refer briefly to the facts upon which they rest.
 While the evidence is somewhat conflicting and contradictory upon some of the material facts we think, it is sufficient upon the whole record, to sustain the conclusion reached by the lower Court, and its decree must be affirmed.
 The questions to be determined are issues of facts, rather than of law, and come to this: Was the three thousand dollars here in controversy contributed by the appellant as an addition to the capital of the company, and to be treated as *Page 68
 such, in so far as the creditors, who have filed their claims in this case, are concerned, or was it a fund so borrowed by, and loaned to the company by the appellant as to constitute him a creditor and entitling him to participate in the distribution of its assets along with the creditors of the company who became such after the obtention of the fund.
 It must be borne in mind at the outset that we are dealing with a class of creditors who became such after the 25th of April, 1911, the date of the note, given to the appellant, and it is admitted, that all of the items on all of the claims are for charges against the company for merchandise sold to it after May 2d 1911, except the claim of the National Exchange Bank, which is for money advanced or loaned on a promissory note after that date.
 The undisputed evidence shows, that on the 27th day of April, 1911, Pelzerman, the president of the company, M. Wilenzig its secretary and treasurer, and the appellant himself, must have considered the fund as an addition to capital, because they subsequently obtained credit upon representations to this effect.
 The fund was deposited in the company's bank account, and on the same day, letters were mailed to the company's creditors by the appellant, and the other members of the company to the effect, that "We have this day paid in additional capital in cash $3,000. Reference, National Exchange Bank of Baltimore." Signed Baltimore Overall Mfg. Company.
 The business of the company was conducted entirely by Pelzerman, Wilenzig and the appellant, as the acting managers and directors of the company from April 27th, 1911, until a short while before the receivers were appointed.
 On the 30th of June, 1911, a statement was sent to the American Woolen Company of New York, as a basis for credit, and the following item under the head of assets appears April 27, 1911, "Additional cash $3 000" — Total assets $13,000. There was no entry of "Liabilities" upon this statement. *Page 69
 The witness Hurwitz testified that the appellant stated to him "He was in the business with the company" and that a check which had been given by the company "would be all right in a few days."
 The witnesses Fried and Kalick testified that the appellant in the summer of 1911 employed them to do work for the company, and introduced Pelzerman to them as his partner, and stated that "he went with him in business," with the Baltimore Overall Manufacturing Company.
 The character of the business was changed upon the suggestion and demand of the appellant, and the manufacture of "high grade pants" was added to the business. The goods for the manufacture of the pants were bought by the appellant, in the name of the company; they were manufactured at its plant in Baltimore, and were sold by the company, in the usual course of its business. A large part of the stock on hand, at the date of the appointment of the receivers and from which the fund for distribution among the creditors was derived, consisted of these high-grade pants.
 The testimony also shows, that the appellant received twenty dollars a week out of the business, the same amount that was drawn by Pelzerman and Wilenzig, the other two managers, and stockholders of the company.
 The witness Pelzerman testified that there was to be a division of the profits in equal shares and that the appellant was to participate in a share of the profits.
 While the appellant denies the ownership of any interest in the company, it will be seen that his testimony is directly contradicted by Wilzenzig, Pelzerman and other witnesses upon the material facts of the case.
 The conduct of the appellant in the whole transaction, we think, is absolutely inconsistent with that of a bona fide
 creditor, and he is clearly estopped from asserting a claim in competition with the creditors of the company, on the record now before us. Thomas v. Green, 30 Md. 1; Fletcher v. Pullen,70 Md. 205. *Page 70
 While the witnesses in the case use the terms, "the business," "holding shares," "partners" and "partnership" when in fact they meant "corporation" and "stockholders" cannot affect the conclusion we have reached.
 In Pott Co. v. Schmucker, 84 Md. 552, it is said the law will not in any case suffer the corporate name, the mere shadow, to be interposed for the purpose of defeating substantial rights depending for their ultimate vindication, not upon the accidental form of a transaction, but upon its inherent equity and justice.Bauernschmidt v. Bauernschmidt, 101 Md. 162; Seymour v.The Spring Forest Cemetery Assoc'n, 144 N.Y. 340; Antony v.American Glucose Co., 146 N.Y. 407.
 In Cook on Corporations, 5th ed., sec. 317, it is said, Courts have power to ignore corporate existence, when necessary in order to circumvent a fraud.
 In the case at bar, we think the proof shows that the three thousand dollars was paid in as an addition to the capital of the company, and must be treated as in the situation of money paid for stock subscribed to, in so far as the creditors upon this record are concerned.
 In Pacific Nat. Bank v. Eaton, 141 U.S. 227, it is said, an actual subscription is not necessary. There may be a virtual subscription, deducible from the acts and conduct of the party.Sanger v. Upton, 91 U.S. 56; Griswold v. Seligman, 72 Mo. 110; Machen on Corporations, 155-156; 1 Cook on Corporations,
 250.
 It is also well settled as a general rule, upon both principle and authority, that a stockholder of an insolvent corporation, as such, or a partner of an insolvent firm, cannot participate in the distribution of its assets until the claims of undisputed creditors are paid. Drovers Bank v. Roller, 85 Md. 495; P.T.George Co. v. Morrison, 93 Md. 132; Potts Co. v.Schmucker, 84 Md. 535.
 For the reasons stated, the order of the Court below will be affirmed and the cause remanded, with costs.
 Order affirmed and cause remanded, with costs. *Page 71


text:
 Avis juridique important
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 11951K/PRO/CJ/25
 Euroopan hiili- ja teräsyhteisön perustamissopimus (EHTY) - Pöytäkirja Euroopan hiili- ja teräsyhteisön tuomioistuimen perussäännöistä - III osasto - Asian käsittely - Valmistelevat tehtävät - 25 artikla
 Euroopan hiili- ja teräsyhteisön perustamissopimus (EHTY) - Pöytäkirja Euroopan hiili- ja teräsyhteisön tuomioistuimen perussäännöistä - III osasto - Asian käsittely - Valmistelevat tehtävät - 25 artiklaYhteisön tuomioistuin voi milloin tahansa antaa valitsemalleen henkilölle yhteisölle viranomaiselle komitealle tai muulle toimielimelle tehtäväksi tutkimuksen suorittamisen tai asiantuntijalausunnon antamisen; tätä varten se voi laatia luettelon henkilöistä tai toimielimistä jotka hyväksytään asiantuntijoiksi.


text:
8.1.2000 NL Publicatieblad van de Europese Gemeenschappen C 6/5
 blz. 25), heeft het Hof, samengesteld als volgt: G. C. Rodrı́guez Zesde kamer, J. L. Murray en R. Schintgen, rechters; advocaat-
 Iglesias, president; P. J. G. Kapteyn en G. Hirsch (rapporteur), generaal: P. Léger; griffier: H. von Holstein, adjunct-griffier, op
 kamerpresidenten, J. C. Moitinho de Almeida, C. Gulmann, 5 oktober 1999 een arrest gewezen waarvan het dictum luidt
 J. L. Murray, L. Sevón, M. Wathelet en R. Schintgen, rechters; als volgt:
 advocaat-generaal: N. Fennelly; griffier: R. Grass; op 5 oktober
 1999 een arrest gewezen waarvan het dictum luidt als volgt: 1) Artikel 11, lid 4, van de Tweede richtlijn (67/228/EEG) van de
 Raad van 11 april 1967 betreffende de harmonisatie van de
 1) Verwerpt het beroep. wetgevingen der lidstaten inzake omzetbelasting — Structuur en
 wijze van toepassing van het gemeenschappelijk stelsel van
 2) Verwijst de Franse Republiek in de kosten. belasting over de toegevoegde waarde, stond de lidstaten de
 invoering of handhaving toe, en artikel 17, lid 6 van de
 Zesde richtlijn (77/388/EEG) van de Raad van 17 mei 1977
 (1) PB C 295 van 27.9.1997.
 betreffende de harmonisatie van de wetgevingen der lidstaten
 inzake omzetbelasting — Gemeenschappelijk stelsel van belasting
 over de toegevoegde waarde: uniforme grondslag, staat hun de
 handhaving toe van algemene uitsluitingen van het recht op
 aftrek van de belasting over de toegevoegde waarde op de aankoop
 van door de belastingplichtige voor zijn belaste handelingen
 gebruikte motorvoertuigen, ook wanneer
 ARREST VAN HET HOF
 — deze voertuigen essentiële uitrusting voor de werkzaamheid
 (Zesde kamer) van de betrokken belastingplichtige waren, of
 van 5 oktober 1999 — wanneer deze voertuigen in concreto door de betrokken
 belastingplichtige niet privé konden worden gebruikt.
 in zaak C-305/97 (verzoek van de Court of Appeal 2) Artikel 17, lid 6, van de Zesde richtlijn moet aldus worden
 [England en Wales] om een prejudiciële beslissing): Roy- uitgelegd, dat de lidstaten de bij de tweede alinea ervan bedoelde
 scot Leasing Ltd en Royscot Industrial Leasing Ltd, Allied uitsluitingen van het recht op aftrek van de belasting over de
 Domecq plc, T. C. Harrison Group Ltd tegen Commission- toegevoegde waarde mogen handhaven, hoewel de Raad vóór het
 ers of Customs and Excise (1) verstrijken van de in de eerste alinea bedoelde termijn niet heeft
 bepaald voor welke uitgaven geen recht op aftrek van de belasting
 („BTW — Artikel 11, leden 1 en 4, van de Tweede richtlijn over de toegevoegde waarde bestaat.
 — Artikel 17, leden 2 en 6, van de Zesde richtlijn —
 Recht op aftrek — Uitsluitingen door nationale bepalingen
 (1) PB C 318 van 18.10.1997.
 daterende van vóór de Zesde richtlijn”)
 (2000/C 6/09)
 (Procestaal: Engels)
 ARREST VAN HET HOF
 (Voorlopige vertaling; de definitieve vertaling verschijnt in de Jurispru-
 dentie van het Hof) (Zesde kamer)
 In zaak C-305/97, betreffende een verzoek aan het Hof van 5 oktober 1999
 krachtens artikel 177 EG-Verdrag van de Court of Appeal
 (England and Wales) (Verenigd Koninkrijk), in het aldaar in zaak C-327/97 P: C. Apostolidis e.a. tegen Commissie
 aanhangig geding tussen Royscot Leasing Ltd en Royscot van de Europese Gemeenschappen (1)
 Industrial Leasing Ltd, Allied Domecq plc, T. C. Harrison
 Group Ltd en Commissioners of Customs and Excise, om een („Hogere voorziening — Bezoldigingen — Aanpassingscoëf-
 prejudiciële beslissing over de uitlegging van artikel 11, lid 4, ficiënt — Uitvoering van een arrest van het Gerecht”)
 van de Tweede richtlijn (67/228/EEG) van de Raad van 11 april
 1967 betreffende de harmonisatie van de wetgevingen der (2000/C 6/10)
 lidstaten inzake omzetbelasting — Structuur en wijze van
 toepassing van het gemeenschappelijk stelsel van belasting
 over de toegevoegde waarde (PB 1967, blz. 1303) en artikel 17, (Procestaal: Frans)
 lid 6, van de Zesde richtlijn (77/388/EEG) van de Raad van
 17 mei 1977 betreffende de harmonisatie van de wetgevingen
 der lidstaten inzake omzetbelasting — Gemeenschappelijk (Voorlopige vertaling; de definitieve vertaling verschijnt in de Jurispru-
 stelsel van belasting over de toegevoegde waarde: uniforme dentie van het Hof)
 grondslag (PB L 145, blz. 1), heeft het Hof (Zesde kamer),
 samengesteld als volgt: G. Hirsch (rapporteur), president van In zaak C-327/97 P, C. Apostolidis e.a., ambtenaren en
 de Tweede kamer, waarnemend voor de president van de tijdelijke functionarissen van de Commissie van de Europese
 ---pagebreak--- C 6/6 NL Publicatieblad van de Europese Gemeenschappen 8.1.2000
 Gemeenschappen, tewerkgesteld bij het Europees Instituut Verdrag van 9 oktober 1978 inzake de toetreding van het
 voor Transuranen te Karlsruhe (Duitsland), vertegenwoordigd Koninkrijk Denemarken, Ierland en het Verenigd Koninkrijk
 door J.-N. Louis, T. Demaseure en A. Tornel te Brussel, domici- van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland (PB L 304, blz. 1, en —
 lie gekozen hebbende te Luxemburg bij Fiduciaire Myson gewijzigde tekst — blz. 77), heeft het Hof, samengesteld
 SARL, Rue de Cessange 30, betreffende hogere voorziening als volgt: G. C. Rodrı́guez Iglesias, president, P. J. G. Kapteyn,
 tegen het arrest van het Gerecht van eerste aanleg (Derde J.-P. Puissochet, G. Hirsch en P. Jann, kamerpresidenten,
 kamer) van 10 juli 1997, Apostolidis e.a./Commissie (T-81/96, J. C. Moitinho de Almeida (rapporteur), C. Gulmann, J. L. Mur-
 JurAmbt. blz. I-A-207 en II-607), strekkende tot vernietiging ray, D. A. O. Edward, H. Ragnemalm, L. Sevón, M. Wathelet
 van dat arrest, andere partijen bij de procedure: Commissie en R. Schintgen, rechters; advocaat-generaal: P. Léger; griffier:
 van de Europese Gemeenschappen (gemachtigden: G. Valsesia H. von Holstein, adjunct-griffier, op 5 oktober 1999 een arrest
 en J. Currall) ondersteund door Raad van de Europese Unie gewezen waarvan het dictum luidt als volgt:
 (gemachtigden: M. Bishop en D. Canga Fano), heeft het Hof
 (Zesde kamer), samengesteld als volgt: P. J. G. Kapteyn, kamer- Artikel 5, sub 1, van het Verdrag van 27 september 1968 betreffen-
 president, G. Hirsch, J. L. Murray (rapporteur), H. Ragnemalm de de rechterlijke bevoegdheid en de tenuitvoerlegging van beslissingen
 en R. Schintgen, rechters; advocaat-generaal: J. Mischo; griffier: in burgerlijke en handelszaken, zoals gewijzigd bij het Verdrag van
 H. von Holstein, adjunct-griffier, op 5 oktober 1999 een arrest 9 oktober 1978 inzake de toetreding van het Koninkrijk Denemar-
 gewezen waarvan het dictum luidt als volgt: ken, Ierland en het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en
 Noord-Ierland, moet aldus worden uitgelegd, dat in geval van een
 1) Wijst de hogere voorziening in haar geheel af. vordering die op twee gelijkwaardige, uit eenzelfde overeenkomst
 voortvloeiende verbintenissen berust, niet één rechter bevoegd is om
 2) Verwijst Apostolidis e.a., de Commissie van de Europese Gemeen- kennis te nemen van de gehele vordering, wanneer volgens de
 schappen en de Raad van de Europese Unie ieder in hun eigen collisieregels van de staat van die rechter een van die verbintenissen in
 kosten. die staat en de andere in een andere verdragsluitende staat moet
 worden uitgevoerd.
 (1) PB C 357 van 22.11.1997.
 (1) PB C 41 van 7.2.1998.
 ARREST VAN HET HOF
 ARREST VAN HET HOF
 (Zesde kamer)
 van 5 oktober 1999 van 5 oktober 1999
 in zaak C-420/97 (verzoek van het Belgische Hof van in zaak C-433/97 P: IPK-München GmbH tegen Commissie
 Cassatie om een prejudiciële beslissing): Leathertex van de Europese Gemeenschappen (1)
 Divisione Sintetici SpA tegen Bodetex BVBA (1)
 (Hogere voorziening — Nietigverklaring van beschikking
 („EG-Executieverdrag — Uitlegging van de artikelen 2 en 5, van Commissie houdende weigering van betaling van saldo
 sub 1 — Agentuurovereenkomst — Vordering gebaseerd op van financiële bijstand)
 verschillende verbintenissen die uit eenzelfde overeenkomst
 voortvloeien en als gelijkwaardig worden beschouwd — (2000/C 6/12)
 Bevoegdheid van het aangezochte gerecht om van de gehele
 vordering kennis te nemen”)
 (Procestaal: Duits)
 (2000/C 6/11)
 (Voorlopige vertaling; de definitieve vertaling verschijnt in de Jurispru-
 dentie van het Hof)
 (Procestaal: Nederlands)
 In zaak C-433/97 P, IPK-München GmbH, gevestigd te Mün-
 chen (Duitsland), vertegenwoordigd door H.-J. Prieß, advocaat
 In zaak C-420/97, betreffende een verzoek aan het Hof te Brussel, Barricadenplein 13, betreffende hogere voorziening
 krachtens artikel 234 EG (ex artikel 177) van het Belgische tegen het arrest van het Gerecht van eerste aanleg van de
 Hof van Cassatie, in het aldaar aanhangig geding tussen Europese Gemeenschappen (Eerste kamer) van 15 oktober
 Leathertex Divisione Sintetici SpA en Bodetex BVBA, betreffen- 1997, IPK/Commissie (T-331/94, Jurispr. blz. II-1665), strek-
 de een prejudiciële beslissing over de uitlegging van de kende tot vernietiging van dat arrest, andere partij bij de
 artikelen 2 en 5, sub 1, van voornoemd Verdrag van 27 sep- procedure: Commissie van de Europese Gemeenschappen
 tember 1968 (PB 1972, L 299, blz. 32), zoals gewijzigd bij het (gemachtigde: J. Grunwald), heeft het Hof (Zesde kamer),


text:
 7.11.2009
 BG
 Официален вестник на Европейския съюз
 C 267/69
 Жалба, подадена на 24 август 2009 г. — Fédération Internationale des Logis/СХВП (Изпъкнал кафяв квадрат)
 (Дело T-329/09)
 2009/C 267/126
 Език на производството: френски
 Страни
 Жалбоподател: Fédération Internationale des Logis (Париж, Франция) (представител: C. Champagner Katz, avocat)
 Ответник: Служба за хармонизация във вътрешния пазар (марки, дизайни и модели)
 Искания на жалбоподателя
 —
 да се отмени решението на първи апелативен състав на СХВП от 11 юни 2009 г. по преписка R 0202/2009-1 и да се разреши регистрацията на заявената марка,
 —
 да се осъди СХВП да заплати съдебните разноски.
 Правни основания и основни доводи
 Марка на Общността, предмет на спора: Марка, изобразяваща изпъкнал кафяв квадрат за стоки и услуги от класове 3, 18, 24, 43 и 44 — заявка No 6468722
 Решение на проверителя: Отхвърля заявката за регистрация
 Решение на апелативния състав: Отхвърля жалбата
 Изложени правни основания: Нарушение на член 7, параграф 1, буква б) от Регламент No 207/2009, тъй като характерното и специфично изображение на кафяв квадрат с изпъкнали страни се отличава по отношение на стоките и услугите, за които се иска регистрацията, доколкото тези елементи придават характерен аспект на марката за тези стоки и услуги.


type: legislation

text:
 6.5.2014
 IT
 Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea
 L 133/31
 REGOLAMENTO DI ESECUZIONE (UE) N. 455/2014 DELLA COMMISSIONE
 del 29 aprile 2014
 relativo alla classificazione di talune merci nella nomenclatura combinata
 LA COMMISSIONE EUROPEA,
 visto il trattato sul funzionamento dell'Unione europea,
 visto il regolamento (CEE) n. 2658/87 del Consiglio, del 23 luglio 1987, relativo alla nomenclatura tariffaria e statistica ed alla tariffa doganale comune (1), in particolare l'articolo 9, paragrafo 1, lettera a),
 considerando quanto segue:
 (1)
 Al fine di garantire l'applicazione uniforme della nomenclatura combinata allegata al regolamento (CEE) n. 2658/87, è necessario adottare disposizioni relative alla classificazione delle merci di cui in allegato al presente regolamento.
 (2)
 Il regolamento (CEE) n. 2658/87 ha fissato le regole generali relative all'interpretazione della nomenclatura combinata. Tali regole si applicano inoltre a qualsiasi nomenclatura che la riprenda, totalmente o in parte, o che aggiunga eventuali suddivisioni e che sia stabilita da specifiche disposizioni dell'Unione per l'applicazione di misure tariffarie o di altra natura nell'ambito degli scambi di merci.
 (3)
 In applicazione di tali regole generali, le merci descritte nella colonna 1 della tabella figurante nell'allegato del presente regolamento devono essere classificate nei corrispondenti codici NC indicati nella colonna 2, in virtù delle motivazioni indicate nella colonna 3.
 (4)
 È opportuno che le informazioni tariffarie vincolanti rilasciate per le merci interessate dal presente regolamento che non sono conformi al regolamento stesso possano continuare a essere invocate dal titolare per un determinato periodo, in conformità delle disposizioni dell'articolo 12, paragrafo 6, del regolamento (CEE) n. 2913/92 del Consiglio (2). Tale periodo deve essere fissato a tre mesi.
 (5)
 Le misure di cui al presente regolamento sono conformi al parere del comitato del codice doganale,
 HA ADOTTATO IL PRESENTE REGOLAMENTO:
 Articolo 1
 Le merci descritte nella colonna 1 della tabella figurante in allegato sono classificate nella nomenclatura combinata nei codici NC indicati nella colonna 2 di detta tabella.
 Articolo 2
 Le informazioni tariffarie vincolanti che non sono conformi al presente regolamento possono continuare a essere invocate per un periodo di tre mesi dalla data di entrata in vigore del presente regolamento, in conformità delle disposizioni dell'articolo 12, paragrafo 6, del regolamento (CEE) n. 2913/92.
 Articolo 3
 Il presente regolamento entra in vigore il ventesimo giorno successivo alla pubblicazione nella Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea.
 Il presente regolamento è obbligatorio in tutti i suoi elementi e direttamente applicabile in ciascuno degli Stati membri.
 Fatto a Bruxelles, il 29 aprile 2014
 Per la Commissione,
 a nome del presidente
 Algirdas ŠEMETA
 Membro della Commissione
 (1) GU L 256 del 7.9.1987, pag. 1.
 (2) Regolamento (CEE) n. 2913/92 del Consiglio, del 12 ottobre 1992, che istituisce un codice doganale comunitario (GU L 302 del 19.10.1992, pag. 1).
 ALLEGATO
 Designazione delle merci
 Classificazione (codice NC)
 Motivazione
 (1)
 (2)
 (3)
 1.
 Un apparecchio da pavimento destinato a erogare acqua fredda (cosiddetto «erogatore di acqua refrigerata») avente un'altezza di circa 124 cm e un peso di circa 100 kg.
 L'erogatore è munito di un sistema di raffreddamento composto da un compressore e da un condensatore.
 Ha una capacità di stoccaggio di 150 l e una capacità di raffreddamento nominale di 150 l/h che consente di erogare fino a 750 bicchieri di acqua l'ora. Funziona a una tensione di 220 V CA.
 8418 69 00
 Classificazione a norma delle regole generali 1 e 6 per l'interpretazione della nomenclatura combinata e del testo dei codici NC 8418 e 8418 69 00.
 Il raffreddamento dell'acqua a mero uso potabile non è considerato un trattamento di materie con operazioni che implicano un cambiamento di temperatura. È pertanto esclusa la classificazione nella voce 8419.
 L'apparecchio va quindi classificato nel codice NC 8418 69 00 come altro materiale, altra macchina ed apparecchio per la produzione del freddo [cfr. anche le note esplicative del sistema armonizzato relative alla voce 8418, gruppo I), punto 2)].
 2.
 Un apparecchio da pavimento destinato a erogare acqua fredda o calda (cosiddetto «distributore di acqua») avente un'altezza di circa 97 cm e un peso di circa 15 kg.
 La funzione di riscaldamento è svolta da una resistenza elettrica riscaldante integrata mentre la funzione di raffreddamento è svolta da un sistema di raffreddamento composto da un compressore e da un condensatore.
 L'acqua è erogata da una bottiglia non acclusa al momento della presentazione.
 L'apparecchio ha una capacità di erogare acqua calda a un flusso di 5 l/h con una temperatura compresa fra 85° e 92 °C. L'apparecchio ha una capacità di erogare acqua fredda a un flusso di 2 l/h con una temperatura compresa fra 4° e 8 °C. L'apparecchio funziona a una tensione di 220 V CA e una potenza di 100/550 W.
 8516 10 11
 La classificazione è determinata dalle regole generali 1, 3, lettera c), e 6 per l'interpretazione della nomenclatura combinata e dal testo dei codici NC 8516, 8516 10 e 8516 10 11.
 Ai sensi della nota 3 della sezione XVI, l'apparecchio è progettato per svolgere le due funzioni alternative (come altro materiale, altra macchina ed apparecchio per la produzione del freddo della voce 8418 e come scaldacqua e scaldatore ad immersione, elettrico, istantaneo, della voce 8516). Non è possibile determinare la funzione principale dell'apparecchio poiché ciascuna di esse è ugualmente importante per l'uso dello stesso.
 L'apparecchio va pertanto classificato nel codice NC 8516 10 11 quale scaldacqua e scaldatore ad immersione, elettrico, istantaneo.


text:
 GA
 Iris Oifigiúil an Aontais Eorpaigh
 C 202/314
 PRÓTACAL (Uimh. 31)
 MAIDIR LE hALLMHAIRIÚ ISTEACH SAN AONTAS EORPACH AR THÁIRGÍ PEITRILIAM ARNA SCAGADH IN AINTILLÍ NA hÍSILTÍRE
 TÁ NA hARDPHÁIRTITHE CONARTHACHA,
 ÓS MIAN LEO cruinneas a bheith ag baint leis na socruithe trádála is infheidhme maidir le hallmhairiú isteach san Aontas Eorpach ar tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre,
 TAR ÉIS COMHAONTÚ ar na forálacha seo a leanas, a chuirfear i gceangal leis an gConradh ar an Aontas Eorpach agus leis an gConradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh:
 Airteagal 1
 Baineann an Prótacal seo leis na táirgí peitriliam faoi cheannteidil 27.10, 27.11, 27.12, ex 27.13 (pairifín, céireacha peitriliam nó scealla agus iarmhair phairifíneacha) agus 27.14 in ainmníocht na Bruiséile a allmhairítear lena gcur in úsáid sna Ballstáit.
 Airteagal 2
 Gabhann na Ballstáit orthu féin go dtabharfar do tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre na buntáistí taraife a thig dá gcomhlachú leis an Aontas, faoi na coinníollacha dá bhforáiltear sa Phrótacal seo. Beidh feidhm leis na forálacha sin, cibé rialacha i dtaobh tionscnamh earraí a chuireann na Ballstáit chun feidhme.
 Airteagal 3
 1. Nuair a shonróidh an Coimisiún, ar iarratas ó Bhallstát nó uaidh féin, go bhfuil an t-allmhairiú isteach san Aontas ar tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre, faoin socrú dá bhforáiltear in Airteagal 2 thuas, ag tarraingt deacraí iarbhír ar mhargadh Ballstáit nó Ballstát cinnfidh sé go ndéanfaidh na Ballstáit lena mbaineann na dleachtanna custaim is inchurtha ar na hallmhairí sin a thabhairt isteach, a mhéadú nó a atabhairt isteach, a mhéid is gá agus don tréimhse is gá chun freagairt don chor sin. Ní fhéadfaidh rátaí na ndleachtanna custaim a thabharfar isteach, a mhéadófar nó a atabharfar isteach amhlaidh bheith níos mó ná rátaí na ndleachtanna custaim is infheidhme i leith tríú tíortha i gcás na dtáirgí céanna.
 2. Féadfar na forálacha atá leagtha síos sa mhír roimhe seo a chur chun feidhme i ngach cás nuair a shroichfidh a n-allmhaireofar isteach san Aontas de tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre dhá mhilliún tonna méadrach sa bhliain.
 3. Cuirfear i bhfios don Chomhairle na cinntí a ghlac an Coimisiún de bhua na míreanna roimhe seo, lena n-áirítear na cinntí a bhéarfadh go ndiúltófaí don iarratas ó Bhallstát. Féadfaidh an Chomhairle gníomhú ina leith ar iarratas ó gach Bhallstát agus féadfaidh sí i gcónaí iad a leasú nó iad a chúlghairm.
 Airteagal 4
 1. Má mheasann Ballstát go bhfuil allmhairiú táirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre, go díreach nó trasna Ballstáit eile, faoin socrú dá bhforáiltear in Airteagal 2 thuas, ag tarraingt deacraí iarbhír ar a mhargadh agus gur gá gníomhú láithreach chun freagairt dóibh, féadfaidh sé a chinneadh uaidh féin ar dhleachtanna custaim a chur ar na hallmhairí sin nach mbeidh a rátaí níos mó ná rátaí na ndleachtanna custaim is infheidhme i leith tríú tíortha i gcás na dtáirgí céanna. Cuirfidh sé an cinneadh sin i bhfios don Choimisiún agus cinnfidh an Coimisiún laistigh de thréimse míosa cé acu a fhéadfar cloí leis na bearta a ghlac an Stát nó a dhlífear iad a leasú nó a chealú. Bainfidh forálacha Airteagal 3(3) le cinneadh sin an Choimisiúin.
 2. I gcás a n-allmhaireofar de tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre, go díreach nó trasna Ballstáit eile faoin socrú dá bhforáiltear in Airteagal 2 thuas, isteach i mBallstát amháin nó níos mó den Aontas Eorpach a dhul, i rith bliain féilire, thar na tonnáistí a thaispeántar in Iarscríbhinn a ghabhann leis an bPrótacal seo, measfar na bearta a bheadh le glacadh de bhun mhír 1 ag an mBallstát nó ag na Ballstáit sin don bhliain reatha a bheith ina mbearta bailí. Déanfaidh an Coimisiún, ar a bheith deimhin de gur sroicheadh na tonnáistí socraithe, na bearta a glacadh a thabhairt dá aire. Sa chás sin, ní chuirfidh na Ballstáit eile aon iarratas faoi bhráid na Comhairle.
 Airteagal 5
 Má chinneann an tAontas ar shrianta cainníochtúla a chur chun feidhme ar allmhairiú táirgí peitriliam ó gach áit, féadfar na srianta sin a chur i bhfeidhm chomh maith ar allmhairiú na dtáirgí sin ó Aintillí na hÍsiltíre. I gcás den sórt sin déanfar cóir fhabhrach i gcomparáid le tríú tíortha a áirithiú d'Aintillí na hÍsiltíre.
 Airteagal 6
 1. Déanfaidh an Chomhairle, ag gníomhú di d'aon toil tar éis dul i gcomhairle le Parlaimint na hEorpa agus leis an gCoimisiún, na forálacha atá leagtha síos in Airteagail 2 go 5 a leasú, ar chomhshainiú tionscnaimh a ghlacadh i gcás na dtáirgí peitriliam ó thríú tíortha agus ó tíortha comhlachaithe nó ar chinntí a ghlacadh faoi chuimsiú comhbheartais tráchtála do na táirgí atá i gceist nó ar chomhbheartas fuinnimh a bhunú.
 2. Ach, nuair a dhéanfar leasú amhlaidh, dlífear i ngach cás buntáistí coibhéiseacha a choinneáil ar bun i leith Aintillí na hÍsiltíre i bhfoirm iomchuí agus le haghaidh cainníocht nach lú ná dhá mhilliún go leith tonna méadrach de tháirgí peitriliam.
 3. Féadfar oibleagáidí an Aontais maidir leis na buntáistí coibhéiseacha atá luaite i mír 2 den Airteagal seo a chionroinnt, más gá sin, idir na tíortha, agus na tonnáistí a thaispeántar san Iarscríbhinn a ghabhann leis an bPrótacal seo á gcur san áireamh.
 Airteagal 7
 Chun an Prótacal seo a chomhalladh, beidh de chúram ar an gCoimisiún faire a choimeád ar a mbeidh á n-allmhairiú isteach sna Ballstáit de tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre. Déanfaidh na Ballstáit gach faisnéis fhóinteach ina leith sin a chur in iúl don Choimisiún, a áiritheoidh go dtabharfar leathantas di, ar na modhanna riaracháin a mholann sé.
 IARSCRÍBHINN LEIS AN bPRÓTACAL
 Chun go gcuirfear i ngníomh mír 2 d'Airteagal 4 den Phrótacal a bhaineann le hallmhairiú isteach san Aontas Eorpach ar tháirgí peitriliam arna scagadh in Aintillí na hÍsiltíre, tá na hArdpháirtithe Conarthacha tar éis a chinneadh go ndéanfar dhá mhilliún tonna méadrach de tháirgí peitriliam ó na hAintillí a chionroinnt mar a leanas idir na Ballstáit:
 An Ghearmáin ...
 625 000 tonna méadrach
 Aontas Eacnamaíochta na Beilge-Lucsamburg ...
 200 000 tonna méadrach
 An Fhrainc ...
 75 000 tonna méadrach
 An Iodáil ...
 100 000 tonna méadrach
 An Ísiltír ...
 1 000 000 tonna méadrach


text:
 AN COIMISIÚN EORPACH
 An Bhruiséil,14.7.2021
 COM(2021) 571 final
 2021/0202(COD)
 Togra le haghaidh
 CINNEADH Ó PHARLAIMINT NA hEORPA AGUS ÓN gCOMHAIRLE
 lena leasaítear cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 maidir le méid na lamháltas atá le cur i gcúlchiste cobhsaíochta an mhargaidh le haghaidh scéim trádála an Aontais maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa go dtí 2030.
 {SWD(2021) 552 final}
 MEABHRÁN MÍNIÚCHÁIN
 1.COMHTHÉACS AN TOGRA
 •Forais agus cuspóirí an togra
 Leis an Teachtaireacht maidir leis an gComhaontas Glas don Eoraip
 1
 , seoladh straitéis nua fáis don Aontas arb é is aidhm leis sochaí chothrom rathúil a dhéanamh den Aontas Eorpach, ina mbeidh geilleagar nua‐aimseartha, atá tíosach ar acmhainní agus iomaíoch. Athdhearbhaítear leis uaillmhian an Choimisiúin chun a spriocanna aeráide a mhéadú agus go mbeadh an Eoraip ar an gcéad ilchríoch aeráidneodrach faoi 2050. Thairis sin, tá sé d’aidhm leis sláinte agus folláine na saoránach a chosaint ar rioscaí agus ar thionchair a bhaineann leis an gcomhshaol. Tá riachtanas agus luach an Chomhaontaithe Ghlais don Eoraip méadaithe i bhfianaise tionchar tromchúiseach phaindéim COVID‐19 ar shláinte, ar dhálaí maireachtála agus oibre, agus ar fholláine shaoránaigh an Aontais.
 Dúshlán práinneach is ea é dul i ngleic leis an athrú aeráide. I gcomhréir leis na torthaí eolaíocha sa Tuarascáil Speisialta ón bPainéal Idir‐Rialtasach ar an Athrú Aeráide (IPCC), ní mór astaíochtaí CO2 domhanda glan‐nialasacha a bhaint amach thart ar an mbliain 2050, agus neodracht maidir le gach gás ceaptha teasa eile a bhaint amach a luaithe is féidir níos déanaí sa chéad. Is gá don Aontas a ghníomhaíocht a mhéadú mar gheall ar an dúshlán práinneach sin agus ceannaireacht dhomhanda a léiriú trína bheith aeráidneodrach faoi 2050. Leagtar amach an cuspóir seo sa Teachtaireacht ‘Pláinéad Glan do Chách’ - Fís straitéiseach fhadtéarmach Eorpach ar mhaithe le geilleagar rachmasach, nua‐aimseartha, iomaíoch atá neodrach ó thaobh na haeráide de’
 2
 .
 Bunaithe ar straitéis an Chomhaontaithe Ghlais don Eoraip agus ar mheasúnú cuimsitheach tionchair, moladh sa Teachtaireacht ón gCoimisiún i mí Mheán Fómhair 2020 maidir le Uaillmhian aeráide 2030 na hEorpa a ghéarú
 3
 (‘an plean um Sprioc Aeráide 2030’) uaillmhian an Aontais a ardú agus moladh ann plean cuimsitheach chun sprioc cheangailteach an Aontais Eorpaigh le haghaidh 2030 a mhéadú i dtreo laghdú 55 % ar a laghad a bhaint amach ar astaíochtaí, agus sin a dhéanamh ar bhealach freagrach. Ach uaillmhian 2030 a ardú anois, tugtar cinnteacht don lucht ceaptha beartas agus d’infheisteoirí, ionas nach mbeidh mar thoradh ar chinntí a dhéanfar sna blianta romhainn ceangal a chur ar leibhéil astaíochtaí, rud a bheadh neamhréireach le cuspóir an Aontais a bheith aeráidneodrach faoi 2050. Tá sprioc 2030 i gcomhréir leis an gcuspóir i gComhaontú Pháras chun an méadú ar an teocht dhomhanda a choimeád go mór faoi bhun 2 °C agus iarrachtaí a dhéanamh é a choimeád faoi bhun 1.5 °C.
 Thacaigh an Chomhairle Eorpach le sprioc cheangailteach nua an Aontais le haghaidh 2030 ag a cruinniú i mí na Nollag 2020
 4
 . D’iarr sí freisin ar an gCoimisiún ‘a mheas cad é an bealach is fearr ar féidir leis na hearnálacha eacnamaíocha uile rannchuidiú le sprioc 2030 agus na tograí is gá a dhéanamh, lena ngabhfaidh mionscrúdú ar an tionchar comhshaoil, eacnamaíoch agus sóisialta ar leibhéal na mBallstát, agus pleananna náisiúnta fuinnimh agus aeráide á gcur san áireamh agus athbhreithniú á dhéanamh ar sholúbthachtaí atá ann cheana’.
 Chuige sin, beidh sprioc an Aontais maidir le haeráidneodracht ceangailteach ó thaobh dlí de faoin Dlí Aeráide Eorpach
 5
 , mar a comhaontaíodh leis na comhreachtóirí, agus ardófar uaillmhian 2030 trí sprioc a shocrú chun laghdú 55 % ar a laghad ar ghlanastaíochtaí a bhaint amach faoi 2030 i gcomparáid le 1990.
 Chun an chonair a mholtar sa Dlí Aeráide Eorpach a leanúint agus an leibhéal méadaithe uaillmhéine sin a sheachadadh faoi 2030, rinne an Coimisiún athbhreithniú ar an reachtaíocht maidir leis an aeráid agus le fuinnimh atá i bhfeidhm faoi láthair a meastar nach mbeidh mar thoradh orthu ach laghdú 40 % ar astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa faoi 2030 agus laghdú 60 % faoi 2050. Tá an pacáiste reachtach seo ‘Oiriúnach do 55’ (‘Fit for 55’), mar a fógraíodh sa phlean um Sprioc Aeráide 2030, ar an mbloc tógála is cuimsithí sna hiarrachtaí chun sprioc aeráide uaillmhianach nua 2030 a chur chun feidhme, agus beidh ar gach earnáil agus beartas eacnamaíoch rannchuidiú leis.
 Mar chuid den phacáiste sin, ní mór don Choimisiún rannchuidiú comhshaoil Chóras Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais (EU ETS) a mhéadú trí Threoir 2003/87/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
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 (Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí) a leasú ar bhealach atá i gcomhréir leis an sprioc fhoriomlán. Ina theannta sin, is gá infheistíochtaí gearrthéarmacha nach ndearnadh a leithéid riamh a dhéanamh chun teacht slán ó thionchar diúltach ghéarchéim COVID‐19 ar phoist, ioncaim agus gnóthais, lena n‐áirítear sna hearnálacha a chumhdaítear le Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais (EU ETS).
 Chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar an éagothroime struchtúrach idir soláthar lamháltas sa mhargadh agus an t‐éileamh orthu agus chun feabhas a chur ar athléimneacht EU ETS in aghaidh suaití móra, le Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
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 (an Cinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh) bunaíodh cúlchiste cobhsaíochta margaidh (MSR) in 2018. Tá an cúlchiste i bhfeidhm ó 2019.
 Feidhmíonn an cúlchiste trí choigeartuithe ar na méideanna bliantúla ar ceant a spreagadh. Chun an méid is mó intuarthachta a choimeád, le Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 (Cinneadh MSR) bunaíodh rialacha soiléire maidir le lamháltais a chur sa chúlchiste agus a scaoileadh uaidh.
 Leasaíodh na rialacha sin le Treoir (AE) 2018/410 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 8
 . Le Treoir (AE) 2018/410 rinneadh an ráta iontógála (an céatadán ón líon iomlán lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht (TNAC) a chuirtear sa chúlchiste) a dhúbailt ó 12 % go 24 % go dtí 2023, agus rinneadh an t‐íosmhéid atá le cur sa chúlchiste a dhúbailt ó 100 go 200 milliún lamháltas.
 Ba cheart a thabhairt faoi deara go socraítear go hindíreach leis an íosmhéid lamháltas atá le cur sa chúlchiste an TNAC íosta is gá chun iontógáil lamháltas sa chúlchiste a spreagadh (i.e. uastairseach an chúlchiste). Is gá go mbeadh an TNAC comhionann le 833 milliún ar a laghad ionas gurb é a bhíonn i gceist le 12 % den mhéid sin ná 100 milliún lamháltas ar a laghad a chur sa chúlchiste. Rinneadh an t‐íosmhéid sin a dhúbailt i dteannta leis an gcéatadán iontógála ionas gur fhan uastairseach an chúlchiste mar an gcéanna (is ionann 24 % de 833 agus 200).
 Ciallaíonn na hathruithe ar EU ETS chun uaillmhian le haghaidh 2030 a mhéadú, chomh maith le tionchar tosca seachtracha mar COVID‐19 nó bearta náisiúnta mar deireadh a chur le gual nach mór go mbeadh rialacha bunúsacha an chúlchiste oiriúnach fós le leanúint ar aghaidh ag dul i ngleic le míchothromaíochtaí struchtúracha idir an soláthar agus an t‐éileamh ar feadh na 10 mbliana. Thairis sin, le hAirteagal 3 den Chinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh cuirtear de chúram ar an gCoimisiún athbhreithniú a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú an chúlchiste laistigh de 3 bliana ó thús a fheidhme, ar bhonn anailíse ar fheidhmiú ordúil an mhargaidh carbóin san Eoraip. Ní mór aird faoi leith a thabhairt san athbhreithniú ar phríomhpharaiméadair uimhriúla an chiste agus an riail neamhbhailíochtaithe
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 , agus tionchar an chúlchiste ar fhás, phoist, ar iomaíochas tionsclaíoch an Aontais agus an riosca sceite carbóin a fhiosrú.
 Léirítear leis an anailís a rinneadh sa Mheasúnú Tionchair, i gcomhthéacs an athbhreithnithe, gur cheart Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh a chur in oiriúint do na dálaí nua beartais agus margaidh, agus do shuaití. Fuarthas ann freisin gur cheart go gcuimseofaí soláthar agus éileamh ón eitlíocht i gCúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh. Pointe eile a tháinig chun cinn ón anailís go mbaineann éifeacht tairsí leis an iontógáil, agus gur cheart í sin a chur i gceart
 10
 .
 Ní mór an t‐athbhreithniú ar na heilimintí sin a bhreithniú i gcomhar leis na héifeachtaí ar an gcobhsaíocht margaidh a bhainfeadh le huaillmhian EU ETS a mhéadú. Mar thoradh air sin, tá sé á chur i gcrích mar chuid den togra le haghaidh Treoir ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa ón gComhairle lena leasófar Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí agus an Cinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh chun Scéim AE i ndáil le Trádáil Astaíochtaí a neartú.
 11
 .
 De réir Airteagal 1(5) den Chinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh, gabhfaidh an ráta iontógála ar ais go 12 % tar éis 2023. Mura ndéantar na paraiméadair don chúlchiste sin a choigeartú go hiomchuí agus go tráthúil, tá an baol ann go dtiocfadh méadú ar an mbarrachas mar thoradh air agus go bhféadfadh an méadú sin a bheith díobhálach. Dá réir sin, ba cheart leanúnachas na bparaiméadar reatha den chúlchiste, arna mbunú de bhun Threoir (AE) 2018/410 (ráta iontógála de 24 % agus íosmhéid le cur sa chúlchiste de 200 milliún lamháltas), a ghlacadh ar leithligh ón athbhreithniú ginearálta ar EU ETS mar chuid den phacáiste ‘Oiriúnach do 55’ (‘Fit for 55’) chun intuarthacht an mhargaidh a áirithiú.
 Mar thoradh air sin, ba cheart an Cinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh a leasú chun an coigeartú bunriachtanach sin a dhéanamh d’fhonn EU ETS a choinneáil ar bun, scéim uaillmhianach a fheidhmíonn go maith.
 •
 Comhsheasmhacht le forálacha beartais atá ann cheana
 Uirlis i gcomhair chobhsaíocht an mhargaidh arna bunú le EU ETS é Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh. Dá réir sin, déantar comhsheasmhacht an Chúlchiste le beartais eile an Aontais a áirithiú go príomha trí chomhsheasmhacht EU ETS le beartais eile an Aontais. Ós rud é nach bhfuil i gceist leis an togra reatha ach athruithe ar ghnéithe deartha an Chúlchiste, ní bhíonn éifeacht aige ar bheartais eile an Aontais.
 Áirithítear comhsheasmhacht le beartais eile de chuid an Aontais trí chomhleanúnachas an mheasúnaithe tionchair le haghaidh EU ETS agus an t‐athbhreithniú MSR leis an gcuid eile den phacáiste aeráide agus fuinnimh ‘Oiriúnach do 55’ (‘Fit for 55’): go háirithe na measúnuithe tionchair a bhaineann leis an Rialachán maidir le Comhroinnt Díchill; an Rialachán maidir le hÚsáid Talún, Athrú ar Úsáid Talún, agus Foraoiseacht (LULUCF); Caighdeáin Feidhmíochta Astaíochtaí CO2 le haghaidh Gluaisteán agus Veaineanna; an Treoir maidir le Fuinneamh Inathnuaite (REID II); an Treoir maidir le hÉifeachtúlacht Fuinnimh (EED); agus, ag céim níos déanaí, an Treoir maidir le Feidhmíocht Fuinnimh Foirgnimh. Gabhann cúlchiste cobhsaíochta an mhargaidh athruithe ar éileamh de thoradh na mbeartas comhlántach sin.
 2.BUNÚS DLÍ, COIMHDEACHT AGUS COMHRÉIREACHT
 •Bunús dlí
 Is é Airteagal 192 CFAE an bunús dlí don togra seo. I gcomhréir le hAirteagal 191 agus 192(1) de CFAE, rannchuideoidh an tAontas Eorpach, inter alia, leis na cuspóirí a leanas a shaothrú: cáilíocht an chomhshaoil a chaomhnú, a chosaint agus a fheabhsú; bearta a chur chun cinn ar an leibhéal idirnáisiúnta chun dul i ngleic le fadhbanna comhshaoil réigiúnacha nó fadhbanna comhshaoil ar fud an domhain, agus go háirithe leis an athrú aeráide a chomhrac.
 •Coimhdeacht (i gcás inniúlacht neamheisiach)
 Tá ceart ag an Aontas chun gníomh a ghlacadh de thoradh EU ETS a bheith ag feidhmiú mar chóras uile‐Aontais ar bhealach atá comhchuibhithe go hiomlán. Ionstraim beartais reatha de chuid an Aontais a tugadh isteach in 2003 is ea an Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí.
 Fadhb thrasteorann is ea an t‐athrú aeráide agus féadfaidh gníomhaíocht idirnáisiúnta agus gníomhaíocht an Aontais araon an ghníomhaíocht réigiúnach, náisiúnta agus áitiúil a chomhlánú agus a dhaingniú go héifeachtach. Ach sprioc 2030 le haghaidh laghduithe i ngás ceaptha teasa a mhéadú, beidh tionchar ar go leor earnálacha ar fud gheilleagar an Aontais agus dá bhrí sin tá gníomhaíocht chomhordaithe ar leibhéal an Aontais fíor‐riachtanach agus tá deis i bhfad níos mó go dtarlóidh an claochlú riachtanach dá bharr, ag feidhmiú mar spreagaí láidir le haghaidh athrú costéifeachtach agus cóineasú aníos.
 Ní féidir leis na Ballstáit cuspóirí Threoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí a ghnóthú go leordhóthanach agus iad ag gníomhú go haontaobhach, ach seachas sin, de bharr fhairsinge agus éifeachtaí na Treorach seo, is fearr is féidir iad a ghnóthú ar leibhéal an Aontais. Ag teacht as sin, ós rud é gur uirlis le haghaidh chobhsaíocht an mhargaidh arna bunú le Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí é Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh, ní féidir a chuspóir a bhaint amach go leordhóthanach ach an oiread le gníomhaíocht aontaobhach ó na Ballstáit. Ionstraim beartais reatha de chuid an Aontais a tugadh isteach in 2015 is ea í. I gcomhréir le prionsabail na coimhdeachta atá leagtha amach in Airteagal 5 den CFAE, ní féidir cuspóirí an togra, lena leasófaí an ionstraim seo, a bhaint amach ach trí thogra ón gCoimisiún ar leibhéal an Aontais.
 •Comhréireacht
 Mar a leagtar amach i roinn 7 den mheasúnú tionchair, cloíonn an togra le prionsabal na comhréireachta toisc nach dtéann sé níos faide ná an méid is gá d’fhonn na cuspóirí a bhaint amach i ndáil le sprioc an Aontais chun astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa a laghdú le haghaidh 2030 ar bhealach atá costéifeachtach, agus feidhmiú cuí an mhargaidh inmheánaigh á áirithiú an tráth céanna.
 •Anrogha ionstraime
 Ionstraim chuí atá i gCinneadh chun an Cinneadh lena mbunaítear Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh a leasú.
 3.TORTHAÍ AR MHEASTÓIREACHTAÍ EX POST, AR CHOMHAIRLIÚCHÁIN LEIS NA PÁIRTITHE LEASMHARA AGUS AR MHEASÚNUITHE TIONCHAIR
 •Meastóireachtaí ex post/seiceálacha oiriúnachta ar an reachtaíocht atá ann cheana
 Ní dhearnadh aon mheastóireacht ex post ná seiceáil oiriúnachta a bhaineann leis na tograí seo i ngeall nach raibh an reachtaíocht atá ann cheana i bhfad curtha chun feidhme, agus, dá dheasca sin, ní raibh ach sonraí teoranta ar fáil.
 •Comhairliúcháin leis na páirtithe leasmhara
 Leis an gcomhairliúchán ginearálta ar athbhreithniú EU ETS bailíodh tuairimí geallsealbhóirí maidir leis an athbhreithniú ar MSR.
 Ar dtús d’iarr an Coimisiún aiseolas ar mheasúnú ar thionchar tionscanta, inar tugadh achoimre ar bhreithnithe tosaigh agus roghanna beartais an athbhreithnithe. Bhí an measúnú ar thionchar tionscanta oscailte i gcomhair aiseolais ón 29 Deireadh Fómhair 2020 go dtí an 26 Samhain 2020 agus fuarthas thart ar 250 aighneacht
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 . Ansin d’eagair an Coimisiún comhairliúchán poiblí ar líne le ceistneoir. Bhí sé ar oscailt ar feadh 12 sheachtain idir 13 Samhain 2020 agus 5 Feabhra 2021 agus fuarthas nach mór 500 freagra
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 Freisin d’ordaigh an Coimisiún don chonraitheoir Vivid Economics dhá cheardlann le saineolaithe
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 a eagrú ar an athbhreithniú ar chúlchiste cobhsaíochta an mhargaidh.
 Tá tacaíocht láidir ag MSR i measc grúpaí geallsealbhóirí, ach ní ann d’aon chomhdhearcadh maidir leis na hathruithe is gá a dhéanamh ar a pharaiméadair, ar a thairseacha agus a ráta iontógála go háirithe. Léirigh an tsochaí shibhialta níos mó tacaíochta go bunúsach chun paraiméadair chúlchiste cobhsaíochta an mhargaidh a neartú ná mar a léirigh an earnáil phríobháideach. Aimsítear cothromaíocht réasúnta leis an togra chun leanúint ar aghaidh le ráta iontógála de 24 % agus íosmhéid de 200 milliún lamháltas le cur sa chúlchiste tar éis 2023 agus go dtí deireadh Chéim IV de Chóras Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais in 2030, agus é ag léiriú freisin gur fheidhmigh an Cúlchiste go maith lena pharaiméadair reatha san am atá thart.
 •Bailiú agus úsáid saineolais
 Cuirtear leis an togra seo le fianaise a bailíodh i gcomhthéacs an mheasúnaithe tionchair
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 a ghabhann leis an bPlean um Sprioc Aeráide 2030. Baintear úsáid leis as Cás Tagartha AE a tugadh cothrom le dáta
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 , lena n‐áirítear tionchair COVID‐19, lena ndéantar forbairt ar na cásanna a forbraíodh le haghaidh an Phlean um Sprioc Aeráide 2030.
 Ina theannta sin, braitheann an Coimisiún ar an mbailiúchán taighde eimpírigh phiarmheasúnaithe atá ag dul i méid ar EU ETS agus baineann leas as roinnt conarthaí tacaíochta. I measc na gconarthaí tacaíochta, rinne Vivid Economics staidéar chun tacú leis an gCoimisiún san athbhreithniú ar MSR
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 . I gcomhthéacs an staidéir, d’eagair Vivid Economics dhá cheardlann le saineolaithe, le rannpháirtíocht anailíseoirí, saineolaithe margaidh agus geallsealbhóirí. Bhí an staidéar sin ar son an ráta reatha iontógála a choimeád go dtí tar éis 2023.
 •Measúnú tionchair
 Tá measúnú tionchair ag gabháil leis an togra, agus cuireann an measúnú tionchair le torthaí an mheasúnaithe tionchair chuimsithigh a rinneadh ar an bPlean um Sprioc Aeráide 2030
 18
 . Tá sé bunaithe ar chásanna samhaltaithe comhtháite lena léirítear idirghníomhaíocht ionstraimí beartais éagsúla ar oibreoirí eacnamaíocha, chun comhlántacht, comhleanúnachas agus éifeachtacht a áirithiú maidir le huaillmhian aeráide 2030 agus 2050 a bhaint amach. Tá achoimre feidhmiúcháin agus an tuairim dhearfach ón mbord um ghrinnscrúdú rialála á gcur ar fáil go poiblí freisin. Maidir leis an togra seo, léiríodh leis an measúnú tionchair, chun dea‐fheidhmiú EU ETS a choinneáil ar bun, nár cheart ceadú don ráta iontógála filleadh ar 12 % tar éis 2023, ach gur cheart é a choimeád ag 24 %, go dtí gur féidir an t‐athbhreithniú iomlán a chur chun feidhme.
 •Oiriúnacht rialála agus simpliú
 Ní bheidh aon ualach díreach riaracháin d’fhiontair ag gabháil leis an togra seo ós rud é gurb é an Coimisiún a chuireann chun feidhme é.
 I gcomhréir le gealltanas an Choimisiúin i leith Rialáil Níos Fearr, ullmhaíodh an togra go hionchuimsitheach, bunaithe ar thrédhearcacht iomlán agus caidreamh leanúnach le geallsealbhóirí, éisteacht le haiseolas seachtrach, agus grinnscrúdú seachtrach á chur san áireamh lena áirithiú go n‐aimsítear an chothromaíocht cheart leis an togra (féach freisin an roinn maidir le saineolas a bhailiú agus a úsáid).
 •Cearta bunúsacha
 Urramaítear sa togra seo na cearta bunúsacha agus cloítear leis na prionsabail a aithnítear go háirithe i gCairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
 19
 . Go háirithe, cuirtear leis an togra seo leis an gcuspóir go dtabharfaí ardleibhéal cosanta don chomhshaol i gcomhréir le prionsabal na forbartha inbhuanaithe, mar a leagtar síos in Airteagal 37 de Chairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh
 20
 .
 4.IMPLEACHTAÍ BUISÉADACHA
 Bíonn ioncam nach beag á ghiniúint ag EU ETS le haghaidh bhuiséid na mBallstát. Fabhraítear formhór an ioncaim ceantála chuig na Ballstáit. Baineann an togra le buiséid agus riaracháin náisiúnta go príomha mar gheall ar an nasc seo. Má choimeádtar ráta iontógála reatha an Chúlchiste laghdófar méideanna ceantála na mBallstát. Meastar, áfach, go ndéanfar sin a chúiteamh le héifeacht bharrachas laghdaithe lamháltas sa mhargadh ar phraghas de thoradh uaillmhian mhéadaithe EU ETS, agus an méadú beartaithe ar raon feidhme Threoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí chun muiriompar, agus iompar de bhóthar agus foirgnimh a chumhdach. Tíolacfaidh an Coimisiún coigeartuithe ar chreat buiséadach an Aontais mar chuid den phacáiste Acmhainní Dísle atá le teacht lena n‐áirítear togra chun an creat airgeadais ilbhliantúil a leasú.
 Déanfar roghanna forbartha agus soláthair TF i gcomhréir leis an gCumarsáid ar na treoirlínte maidir le teicneolaíocht faisnéise agus cibearshlándáil a chistiú, an 10 Meán Fómhair 2020
 21
 .
 5.EILIMINTÍ EILE
 •Pleananna cur chun feidhme, agus socruithe faireacháin, meastóireachta agus tuairiscithe
 Leanfaidh an Coimisiún d’fhaireachán agus de mheastóireacht a dhéanamh ar fheidhmiú EU ETS, lena n‐áirítear Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh, ina Thuarascáil bhliantúil ar an Margadh Carbóin, mar a fhoráiltear faoi Airteagal 10(5) den Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí. Leis an tionscnamh seo, cuirtear leis an bpróiseas atá bunaithe ar phleananna comhtháite náisiúnta fuinnimh agus aeráide agus ar an gcreat trédhearcachta stóinsithe le haghaidh astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa agus ar fhaisnéis eile faoin aeráid atá i Rialachán (AE) 2018/1999 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 22
 . Úsáidfidh an Coimisiún, inter alia, an fhaisnéis a chuirfidh Ballstáit faoina bhráid agus a thuairisceoidh Ballstáit faoin Rialachán maidir le Rialachas mar bhunús dá mheasúnú tráthrialta ar dhul chun cinn. Áirítear leis sin faisnéis maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa, beartais agus bearta, réamh‐mheastacháin agus oiriúnú. Úsáidfidh an Coimisiún freisin an fhaisnéis seo le haghaidh na nAthbhreithnithe ar Chur Chun Feidhme an Bheartais Comhshaoil agus chun faireachán a dhéanamh ar Chláir Gníomhaíochta don Chomhshaol.
 Thairis sin, tá meastóireacht ar an dul chun cinn maidir le cur i bhfeidhm EU ETS rialaithe in Airteagal 21 den Treoir AE maidir le Trádáil Astaíochtaí, lena gceanglaítear ar Bhallstáit tuarascáil bhliantúil a chur faoi bhráid an Choimisiúin ina dtugtar aird ar leith ar shaincheisteanna lena n‐áirítear leithdháileadh lamháltas, feidhmiú na Clárlainne, cur i bhfeidhm an fhaireacháin agus an tuairiscithe, fíorú agus creidiúnú agus saincheisteanna a bhaineann le comhlíontacht.
 Ina theannta sin, ceanglaíonn Airteagal 3 den Chinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh, ar an gCoimisiún athbhreithniú iomlán a dhéanamh ar an gCúlchiste tar éis an chéad athbhreithnithe sin.
 •Míniúchán mionsonraithe ar fhorálacha sonracha an togra
 Mar atá an Cinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh faoi láthair, rachaidh an ráta iontógála de 24 % don Chúlchiste agus an t‐íosmhéid 200 milliún lamháltas atá le cur sa chúlchiste in éag in 2023. Amhail ó 2024, bheadh an ráta iontógála comhionann le 12 %. Tá sé léirithe leis an measúnú tionchair nárbh leor ráta iontógála 12 % chun a áirithiú go mbainfí amach fós spriocanna an Chúlchiste i dtéarmaí an barrachas a laghdú agus athléimneacht margaidh a áirithiú. Is é is aidhm don togra seo ná a áirithiú go gcoimeádfar paraiméadair reatha an Chúlchiste (ráta iontógála de 24 % agus íosmhéid de 200 milliún lamháltas atá le cur sa chúlchiste) tar éis 2023 agus go dtí deireadh Chéim IV de EU ETS an 31 Nollaig 2030 chun intuarthacht an mhargaidh a áirithiú. Rachadh ráta iontógála an Chúlchiste ar ais go 12 % tar éis 2030.
 2021/0202 (COD)
 Togra le haghaidh
 CINNEADH Ó PHARLAIMINT NA hEORPA AGUS ÓN gCOMHAIRLE
 lena leasaítear cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 maidir le méid na lamháltas atá le cur i gcúlchiste cobhsaíochta an mhargaidh le haghaidh scéim trádála an Aontais maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa go dtí 2030.
 TÁ PARLAIMINT NA hEORPA AGUS COMHAIRLE AN AONTAIS EORPAIGH,
 Ag féachaint don Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh, agus go háirithe Airteagal 192(1) de,
 Ag féachaint don togra ón gCoimisiún Eorpach,
 Tar éis dóibh an dréachtghníomh reachtach a chur chuig na parlaimintí náisiúnta,
 Ag féachaint don tuairim ó Choiste Eacnamaíoch agus Sóisialta na hEorpa
 23
 ,
 Ag féachaint don tuairim ó Choiste na Réigiún
 24
 ,
 Ag gníomhú dóibh i gcomhréir leis an ngnáthnós imeachta reachtach,
 De bharr an mhéid seo a leanas:
 (1)Comhaontú Pháras, a glacadh faoi Chreat‐Choinbhinsiún na Náisiún Aontaithe ar an Athrú Aeráide (“UNFCCC”) i mí na Nollag 2015, tháinig sé i bhfeidhm i mí na Samhna 2016 (‘Comhaontú Pháras’)
 25
 . D’aontaigh na páirtithe i gComhaontú Pháras an méadú ar an meánteocht dhomhanda a choinneáil go mór faoi bhun 2 °C os cionn na leibhéal réamhthionsclaíoch agus iarrachtaí a dhéanamh teorainn 1.5 °C os cionn na leibhéal réamhthionsclaíoch a chur leis an méadú teochta.
 (2)Tá iarrachtaí chun dul i ngleic le dúshláin a bhaineann leis an aeráid agus leis an gcomhshaol agus chun cuspóirí Chomhaontú Pháras a bhaint amach i gcroílár na Teachtaireachta maidir leis an ‘gComhaontú Glas don Eoraip’, arna ghlacadh ag an gCoimisiún an 11 Nollaig 2019
 26
 .
 (3)Nasctar leis an gComhaontú Glas don Eoraip sraith chuimsitheach beart agus tionscnamh a threisíonn a chéile go frithpháirteach agus atá dírithe ar an aeráidneodracht a bhaint amach san Aontas Eorpach faoi 2050, agus leagtar amach ann straitéis nua fáis arb é is aidhm leis sochaí chothrom rathúil a dhéanamh den Aontas Eorpach, ina mbeidh geilleagar nua‐aimseartha iomaíoch, a bheidh tíosach ar acmhainní, agus ina mbeidh an fás eacnamaíoch díchúpláilte feasta ó úsáid acmhainní. Tá sé d’aidhm aige freisin caipiteal nádúrtha an Aontais a chosaint, a chaomhnú agus a mhéadú, agus sláinte agus folláine na saoránach a chosaint ar rioscaí agus tionchair a bhaineann leis an gcomhshaol. An tráth céanna, déantar difear leis an aistriú sin do mhná agus d’fhir ar bhealaí difriúla agus tá tionchar ar leith aige ar roinnt grúpaí faoi mhíbhuntáiste, amhail daoine scothaosta, daoine faoi mhíchumas agus daoine a bhfuil cúlra cine mionlaigh nó eitnigh mionlaigh acu. Ní mór a áirithiú dá bhrí sin go mbeidh an t‐aistriú cóir agus cuimsitheach, gan duine ar bith a fhágáil ar lár.
 (4)Tá riachtanas agus luach an Chomhaontaithe Ghlais don Eoraip méadaithe i bhfianaise tionchar tromchúiseach phaindéim COVID‐19 ar shláinte, ar dhálaí maireachtála agus oibre, agus ar fholláine shaoránaigh an Aontais, a léiríonn gur gá dár sochaí agus dár ngeilleagar bheith níos athléimní in aghaidh suaití seachtracha agus gníomhú go luath chun iad a chosc nó a mhaolú. Leanann saoránaigh na hEorpa de thuairimí láidre a chur in iúl go mbaineann sé sin go háirithe leis an athrú aeráide
 27
 .
 (5)Thug an tAontas faoina ghlanastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa ar fud an gheilleagair a laghdú san Aontas faoi 55 % ar a laghad faoi leibhéil 1990 faoin mbliain 2030 sa rannchuidiú a tugadh cothrom le dáta agus a cinneadh go náisiúnta, a cuireadh faoi bhráid Rúnaíocht UNFCCC an 17 Nollaig 2020
 28
 .
 (6)I Rialachán (AE) 2021/1119 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 29
 cumhdaíonn an tAontas an sprioc maidir le haeráidneodracht ar fud an gheilleagair a bhaint amach faoi 2050 sa reachtaíocht. Bunaítear leis an Rialachán sin freisin gealltanas ceangailteach aeráide an Aontais maidir le laghdú 55 % ar a laghad ar ghlanastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa intíre (an líon astaíochtaí tar éis aistrithe a asbhaint) faoi bhun leibhéil 1990 faoi 2030.
 (7)Is gá do gach earnáil den gheilleagar a cion a dhéanamh chun na laghduithe astaíochtaí sin a bhaint amach. Dá bhrí sin, ba cheart uaillmhian Chóras Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais (EU ETS), arna bunú le Treoir 2003/87/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 30
 , a choigeartú chun bheith ar aon dul leis an ngealltanas chun glanlaghdú a bhaint amach ar astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa ar fud an gheilleagair le haghaidh 2030.
 (8)Chun aghaidh a thabhairt ar an éagothroime atá ann faoi láthair idir soláthar agus éileamh lamháltas sa mhargadh, bunaíodh cúlchiste cobhsaíochta margaidh (an ‘cúlchiste) faoi Chinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 31
 in 2018 atá i bhfeidhm ó 2019.
 (9)Feidhmíonn an cúlchiste trí choigeartuithe a spreagadh ar na méideanna bliantúla lamháltas atá le cur ar ceant. Chun an méid is mó intuarthachta a choimeád, le Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 bunaíodh rialacha soiléire maidir le lamháltais a chur sa chúlchiste agus a scaoileadh uaidh.
 (10)I gcás ina bhfuil líon na lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht os cionn na huastairsí bunaithe, déantar méid lamháltas a chomhfhreagraíonn do chéatadán áirithe de na lamháltais sin a asbhaint de mhéid na lamháltas atá le cur ar ceant agus cuirtear sa chúlchiste é. Idir an dá linn, scaoiltear líon comhfhreagrach lamháltas ón gcúlchiste chuig Ballstáit, agus cuirtear é le líon na lamháltas atá le cur ar ceant, má thiteann líon iomlán na lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht faoi bhun na híostairsí bunaithe.
 (11)Le Treoir (AE) 2018/410 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle
 32
 leasaíodh Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 tríd an ráta céatadáin atá le húsáid chun cinneadh a dhéanamh maidir le líon na lamháltas atá le cur sa chúlchiste gach bliain a dhúbailt ó 12 % go 24 % go dtí an 31 Nollaig 2023.
 (12)I gcomhréir le Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814, laistigh de 3 bliana ó thús feidhme an chúlchiste déanfaidh an Coimisiún a chéad athbhreithniú ar bhonn anailíse ar fheidhmiú ordúil mhargadh carbóin na hEorpa agus, i gcás gurb iomchuí, cuirfidh sé togra faoi bhráid Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus na Comhairle.
 (13)Tugadh aird faoi leith san athbhreithniú ar an bhfigiúr céatadáin chun líon na lamháltas atá le cur sa chúlchiste a chinneadh, chomh maith le luach uimhriúil na tairsí le haghaidh líon iomlán na lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht agus líon na lamháltas atá le scaoileadh ón gcúlchiste.
 (14)Léiríonn an anailís a rinneadh i gcomhthéacs an athbhreithnithe ar an gcúlchiste agus na bhforbairtí ionchasacha atá ábhartha don mhargadh carbóin nach leor ráta 12 % de líon iomlán na lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht le cur sa chúlchiste gach bliain tar éis 2023 chun méadú suntasach ar an mbarrachas lamháltas sa EU ETS a chosc. Dá bhrí sin, tar éis 2023 ba cheart gur 24 % a bheadh san fhigiúr céatadáin fós agus ba cheart líon íosta de 200 milliún lamháltas a chur sa chúlchiste fós.
 (15)Má théann an ráta de líon iomlán na lamháltas atá i gcúrsaíocht atá le cur sa chúlchiste gach bliain ar ais go 12 % tar éis 2023, d’fhéadfadh sé go mbeadh barrachas lamháltas sa EU ETS, rud a d’fhéadfadh a bheith díobhálach agus a d’fhéadfadh cur isteach ar chobhsaíocht an mhargaidh. Ina theannta sin, ba cheart an ráta de 24 % tar éis 2023 a bhunú ar leithligh ón athbhreithniú ginearálta ar Threoir 2003/87/CE agus Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 chun Córas Trádála Astaíochtaí an Aontais Eorpaigh a neartú ar aon dul le huaillmhian mhéadaithe aeráide an Aontais le haghaidh 2030 chun intuarthacht an mhargaidh a áirithiú.
 (16)Ba cheart, dá bhrí sin, Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 a leasú dá réir sin.
 TAR ÉIS AN CINNEADH SEO A GHLACADH:
 Airteagal 1
 Leasuithe ar Chinneadh (AE) 2015/1814
 In Airteagal 1(5), an chéad fhomhír, de Chinneadh (AE) 2015/1814, cuirtear an méid seo a leanas in ionad na habairte deireanaí:
 ‘De mhaolú ar an gcéad abairt agus an dara habairt, déanfar na céatadáin agus na 100 milliún lamháltas dá dtagraítear sna habairtí sin a dhúbailt go dtí an 31 Nollaig 2030.’
 Airteagal 2
 Teacht i bhfeidhm
 Tiocfaidh an Cinneadh seo i bhfeidhm an fichiú lá tar éis lá a fhoilsithe in Iris Oifigiúil an Aontais Eorpaigh.
 Arna dhéanamh sa Bhruiséil,
 Thar ceann Pharlaimint na hEorpa
 Thar ceann na Comhairle
 An tUachtarán
 An tUachtarán
 (1)
 COM(2019) 640 final.
 (2)
 COM(2018) 773 final.
 (3)
 COM (2020) 562 final.
 (4)
 Conclúidí ón gComhairle Eorpach, 10-11 Nollaig 2020 EUCO 22/20 CO EUR 17 CONCL 8.
 (5)
 Rialachán (AE) 2021/1119 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 30 Meitheamh 2021 lena mbunaítear an creat chun aeráidneodracht a bhaint amach agus lena leasaítear Rialacháin (CE) Uimh. 401/2009 agus (AE) 2018/1999 (‘An Dlí Aeráide Eorpach’) (IO L 243, 9.7.2021, lch. 1).
 (6)
 Treoir 2003/87/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2003 lena mbunaítear córas i ndáil le trádáil ar lamháltais i gcomhair astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa laistigh den Aontas agus lena leasaítear Treoir 96/61/CE ón gComhairle (IO L 275, 25.10.2003, lch. 32).
 (7)
 Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 6 Deireadh Fómhar 2015 i ndáil le cúlchiste cobhsaíochta margaidh a bhunú agus a fheidhmiú le haghaidh scéim trádála an Aontais maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa agus lena leasaítear Treoir 2003/87/CE (IO L 264, 9.10.2015, lch. 1–5).
 (8)
 Treoir (AE) 2018/410 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 14 Márta 2018 lena leasaítear Treoir 2003/87/CE chun laghduithe costéifeachtacha astaíochtaí agus infheistíochtaí ísealcharbóin a fheabhsú, agus Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 (IO L 76, 19.3.2018, lch. 3–27).
 (9)
 Tá an riail neamhbhailíochtaithe leagtha amach in Airteagal 1(5a) den Chinneadh maidir le Cúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh. Sonraítear ann, amhail ó 2023, go ndéanfar lamháltais arna gcoimeád sa chúlchiste atá os cionn méid iomlán na lamháltas a cuireadh ar ceant i gcaitheamh na bliana roimhe a neamhbhailíochtú.
 (10)
 Mar léaráid i ndáil leis an éifeacht tairsí, más ionann an TNAC agus 834 mhilliún lamháltas, méid atá beagáinín níos airde ná an uastairseach de 833 milliún, i gcomhréir leis na rialacha maidir leis an gcúlchiste, cuirtear 24 % den TNAC sa chúlchiste ansin. Má tá an TNAC díreach faoi bhun na tairsí, áfach, agus é comhionann le 832 milliún lamháltas, ansin ní chuirtear rud ar bith i gCúlchiste Cobhsaíochta an Mhargaidh.
 (11)
 Treoir (AE) 2021/... ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle lena leasaítear Treoir 2003/87/CE lena mbunaítear scéim um liúntais astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa a thrádáil laistigh den Aontas, agus Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 i ndáil le cúlchiste cobhsaíochta margaidh a bhunú agus a fheidhmiú i gcomhair scéim trádála an Aontais maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa (IO L [...], [...], lch. [...]).
 (12)
 Tá an toradh le fáil ar an suíomh gréasáin seo a leanas:
 https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12660-Updating-the-EU-Emissions‐Trading-System
 (13)
 Tá an toradh le fáil ar an suíomh gréasáin seo a leanas:
 https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say/initiatives/12660-Updating-the-EU-Emissions‐Trading-System/public-consultation
 (14)
 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/expert‐workshop-market‐stability-reserve_en
 ,
 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/events/2nd‐expert‐workshop-market‐stability-reserve_en
 .
 (15)
 Go háirithe Vivid Economics, (2021) – Review of the EU ETS’ Market Stability Reserve, tuarascáil a ullmhaíodh le haghaidh na hArd‐Stiúrthóireachta um Ghníomhú ar son na hAeráide.
 (16)
 Réamh‐mheastacháin bunaithe ar shamhaltú ar threochtaí fuinnimh, iompair agus astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa go dtí 2050, ag forbairt ar shraith chomhsheasmhach toimhdí ar fud an Aontais, bheartais Bhallstáit agus an Aontais, saintréithe sonracha na mBallstát; agus ag brath ar chomhairliúchán le saineolaithe as na Ballstáit.
 (17)
 Vivid Economics (2021) – Review of the EU ETS’ Market Stability Reserve”, tuarascáil a ullmhaíodh le haghaidh na hArd‐Stiúrthóireachta um Ghníomhú ar son na hAeráide.
 (18)
 SWD(2020)176.
 (19)
 IO C 326, 26.10.2012, lch. 391.
 (20)
 IO C 326, 26.10.2012, lch. 391.
 (21)
 C(2020) 6126.
 (22)
 Rialachán (AE) 2018/1999 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 11 Nollaig 2018 maidir le Rialachas an Aontais Fuinnimh agus na Gníomhaíochta Aeráide, lena leasaítear Rialachán (CE) Uimh. 663/2009 agus Rialachán (CE) Uimh. 715/2009 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle, Treoracha 94/22/CE, 98/70/CE, 2009/31/CE, 2009/73/CE, 2010/31/AE, 2012/27/AE agus 2013/30/AE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle, Treoir 2009/119/CE agus (AE) 2015/652 ón gComhairle agus lena n‐aisghairtear Rialachán (AE) Uimh. 525/2013 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle (IO L 328, 21.12.2018, lgh. 1–77).
 (23)
 IO C , , lch. .
 (24)
 IO C , , lch. .
 (25)
 Comhaontú Pháras (IO L 282, 19.10.2016, lch. 4).
 (26)
 COM(2019) 640 final.
 (27)
 Eorabharaiméadar Speisialta 513 maidir leis an Athrú Aeráide, 2021 (
 https://ec.europa.eu/clima/citizens/support_en
 ).
 (28)
 https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/European %20Union %20First/EU_NDC_Submission_December %202020.pdf
 (29)
 Rialachán (AE) 2021/1119 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 30 Meitheamh 2021 lena mbunaítear an creat chun aeráidneodracht a bhaint amach agus lena leasaítear Rialacháin (CE) Uimh. 401/2009 agus (AE) 2018/1999 (‘An Dlí Aeráide Eorpach’) (IO L 243, 9.7.2021, lch. 1).
 (30)
 Treoir 2003/87/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 13 Deireadh Fómhair 2003 lena mbunaítear córas i ndáil le trádáil ar lamháltais i gcomhair astaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa laistigh den Aontas agus lena leasaítear Treoir 96/61/CE ón gComhairle (IO L 275, 25.10.2003, lch. 32).
 (31)
 Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 6 Deireadh Fómhar 2015 i ndáil le cúlchiste cobhsaíochta margaidh a bhunú agus a fheidhmiú le haghaidh scéim trádála an Aontais maidir le hastaíochtaí gás ceaptha teasa agus lena leasaítear Treoir 2003/87/CE (IO L 264, 9.10.2015, lch. 1).
 (32)
 Treoir (AE) 2018/410 ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 14 Márta 2018 lena leasaítear Treoir 2003/87/CE chun laghduithe costéifeachtacha astaíochtaí agus infheistíochtaí ísealcharbóin a fheabhsú, agus Cinneadh (AE) 2015/1814 (IO L 76, 19.3.2018, lch. 3).


text:
 16.11.2015
 ET
 Euroopa Liidu Teataja
 C 381/33
 Üldkohtu 16. septembri 2015. aasta määrus – Diapharm versus komisjon
 (Kohtuasi T-620/14) (1)
 ((Tegevusetushagi - Tarbijakaitse - Toidu kohta esitatavad tervisealased väited - Määrus (EÜ) nr 1924/2006 - Taimed - Hagi esitamise tähtaeg - Põhjendatud huvi puudumine - Vaidlustamatu akt - Vastuvõetamatus))
 (2015/C 381/37)
 Kohtumenetluse keel: saksa
 Pooled
 Hageja: Diapharm GmbH & Co. KG (Münster, Saksamaa) (esindajad: advokaadid M. Weidner, N. Hußmann ja T. Guttau)
 Kostja: Euroopa Komisjon (esindajad: M. Wilderspin ja S. Grünheid)
 Ese
 Nõue tuvastada komisjoni tegevusetus, kuna ta jättis õigusvastaselt andmata Euroopa Toiduohutusametile ülesande hinnata taimede kohta käivaid tervisealaseid väiteid, mis on eeltingimus lubatud tervisealaste väidete lõpliku nimekirja vastuvõtmiseks Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 20. detsembri 2006. aasta määruse (EÜ) nr 1924/2006, toidu kohta esitatavate toitumis- ja tervisealaste väidete kohta (ELT L 404, lk 9) artikli 13 lõike 3 alusel.
 Resolutsioon
 1.
 Jätta hagi vastuvõetamatuse tõttu läbi vaatamata.
 2.
 Mõista kohtukulud välja Diapharm GmbH & Co. KG-lt.
 (1) ELT C 409, 17.11.2014.


text:
NJA 1982 s. 124 (NJA 1982:22) | Lagen.nu
 NJA 1982 s. 124
 Sedan TR i mål om överflyttande av vårdnad om barn ogillat såväl vårdnadsyrkandena som vissa i anslutning därtill framställda yrkanden om underhållsbidrag, har den förlorande parten inom fullföljdstiden överklagat domen endast i vårdnadsfrågan och först vid huvudförhandlingen i HovR:n framställt yrkanden om underhållsbidrag. Dessa yrkanden har avvisats. 50 kap 25 § 2 st RB (Jfr 6 kap 12 § 3 st FB.)
 I dom om äktenskapsskillnad 1975 mellan G.B. och K.B. förordnades bl a att G.B. skulle ha vårdnaden om makarnas två barn. K.B. yrkade efter stämning å G.B. vid Alingsås TR att vårdnaden om barnen skulle överflyttas till honom och att G.B. skulle utge underhållsbidrag till vartdera barnet. I dom d 5 febr 1981 lämnade TR:n käromålet utan bifall.
 K.B. fullföljde talan i HovR:n för Västra Sverige. I vadeinlagan yrkade han ändring beträffande vårdnaden om barnen. Vid huvudförhandling i målet d 8 sept 1981 yrkade K.B. - förutom ändring enligt vadeinlagan - att HovR:n måtte förplikta G.B. att till K.B. utge underhållsbidrag åt ettvart av barnen med 600 kr i mån.
 G.B. bestred ändringsyrkandena och hemställde att K.B:s yrkanden om underhållsbidrag måtte avvisas, enär de ej upptagits i vadeinlagan.
 HovR:n (hovrättslagmannen Holmberg, hovrättsråden Ihrfelt, referent, och Lindskog samt nämndemännen Frändberg och Pervald) meddelade d 8 sept 1981 följande beslut: Enligt 50 kap 25 § 2 st RB får vadekäranden ej ändra sin talan att avse annan del av TR:ns dom än den som uppgivits i vadeinlagan. HovR:n avvisar därför K.B:s yrkanden om underhållsbidrag, vilka framställs först efter vadetidens utgång.
 K.B. anförde besvär och yrkade, att HovR:ns beslut måtte upphävas och målet visas åter till HovR:n. Som grund för ändring anförde K.B., att yrkandet om underhållsbidrag hade så nära samband med vårdnadsyrkandet att det inte borde vara oförenligt med stadgandet i 50 kap 25 § 2 st RB att yrkandet prövades.
 G.B. bestred ändring.
 Föredraganden, RevSekr Nilsson, hemställde i betänkande, att HD måtte meddela följande beslut: HD fastställer HovR:ns beslut.
 HD (JustR:n Hult, Hesser, Hessler, Nordenson, referent, och Jermsten) fattade slutligt beslut i enlighet med betänkandet.
 Ö1212-81
 50 kap. 25 § 2 st. rättegångsbalken (1942:740)
 6 kap. 12 § 3 st. föräldrabalken (1949:381)


type: wikipedia

text:
Lesotho, dlhý tvar Lesothské kráľovstvo, je malý vnútrozemský štát v Afrike.
 Hlavné mesto je Maseru.
 Poloha
 Lesotho spoločne so Svazijskom tvoria dve enklávy v území Juhoafrickej republiky. Lesothské kráľovstvo je jedinou krajinou, ktorej celé územie leží vyššie ako 1 000 metrov nad morom. Najnižší bod má výšku 1 400 metrov. Povrch krajiny je tvorený náhornou plošinou z čadiča, jej výška na niektorých miestach dosahuje až Na východe a juhu sa zdvíhajú Dračie vrchy s najvyšším vrchom Lesotha, ktorý je zároveň najvyšším vrchom južnej Afriky. Meno tohto vrchu je Thabana Ntleyana (). Na severe krajiny sa rozprestiera pásmo Maloti, kde sa nachádza prameň najdlhšej lesothskej rieky Orange.
 Vďaka hornatému povrchu krajiny sa niekedy Lesothu hovorí africké Švajčiarsko.
 Dejiny
 Pôvodnými obyvateľmi boli Krováci. Prišli sem v 1. tisícročí pred Kr. V 8. storočí Krovákov vytlačili bantuské kmene, patrili medzi nich Zuluovia, Matabeleovia a Ngunovia. V 19. storočí sa tu objavil bojový kmeň Sothov. Lesothské kráľovstvo bolo založené Mošešom, jedným zo sothských náčelníkov. V roku 1824 založil v Thaba Bosiu pevnosť, pomocou ktorej chcel čeliť nájazdom Grikov, ktorí v tejto oblasti hľadali otrokov, dobytok a slonovinu. Počet Mošešových poddaných sa rozšíril z 25 000 na 80 000. Mošeš vytvoril dobre vyzbrojenú jazdu, v roku 1833 pozval do krajiny misionárov, aby pomohli vzdelávaním zdvihnúť úroveň štátnej správy. Na kráľov podnet prevzali nad kráľovstvom v roku 1868 ochranu Briti. V roku 1884 zo sothského územia vytvorili protektorát Basutsko. V roku 1966 vzniklo nezávislé Lesothské kráľovstvo. Od tej doby sa udialo niekoľko štátnych prevratov a kríz. V roku 1970 zvíťazila vo voľbách Kongresová strana. Vtedajší premiér vyhlásil výnimočný stav a zosadil kráľa Mošeša II. K znovunastoleniu monarchie došlo v roku 1986, kedy prebehol vojenský prevrat.
 Prehľad vládcov
 Obyvateľstvo
 Príslušníci kmeňa Sotho tvoria 97 % obyvateľstva. Zvyšok sú Xhosovia- 18.000, Číňania- 5.000, Francúzi a Zuluovia.
 Katolíci tvoria 45 %, Evanjelici 26 %, Anglikáni 19 % a tradičné viery 10 %.
 Podľa štatistiky z roku 2014 je náboženská príslušnosť v Lesothe nasledovná: protestantizmus 47,8 % (letniční kresťania 23,1 %, lesothskí evanjelickí 17,3 %, anglikánski 7,4 %), rímski katolíci 39,3 %, ďalšie kresťanské cirkvi 9,1 %, ostatné náboženstvo 1,5 %, bez vyznania 2,3 %. Často ľudia praktizujú kresťanstvo spolu s tradičným náboženstvom (viacpočetná náboženská identita), prípadne tieto náboženstvá zmiešavajú v synkretizme. Tradičné náboženstvo – ide najmä o kult predkov – v Lesothe ale nie je tak viditeľné a ovplyvňujúce spoločnosť ako je to napríklad v krajinách západnej Afriky.
 Iné projekty
 Monarchie
 Členovia AÚ
 Členovia Commonwealthu
 Členovia OSN
 Štáty v Afrike


text:
C 200/50 SV Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning 14.7.2001
 30 april 2001, att Europeiska gemenskapernas domstol skall Europeiska gemenskapernas domstol överklagat den dom som
 meddela ett förhandsavgörande i målet Francisco Javier Gonza- Europeiska gemenskapernas förstainstansrätt, andra avdelning-
 les Moreno beträffande följande frågor: en, har meddelat den 31 januari 2001 i mål T-193/99:
 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company mot Byrån för harmonisering inom
 1. Utgör artiklarna 28 EG och 30 EG, rådets direktiv den inre marknaden (varumärken, mönster och modeller).
 76/768/EEG av den 27 juli 1976(1) om tillnärmning av Klaganden företräds av Virginia Melgar och Susanna Laitinen,
 medlemsstaternas lagstiftning om kosmetiska produkter båda i egenskap av ombud.
 i dess ändrade lydelse enligt rådets direktiv 88/667/EEG
 av den 21 december 1988 (2) och 93/35/EEG av den
 14 juni 1993 (3), särskilt artikel 6.3 i direktivet, samt Klaganden yrkar att domstolen skall
 rådets direktiv 84/450/EEG av den 10 september 1984 (4)
 om tillnärmning av medlemsstaternas lagar och andra — upphäva domen,
 författningar om vilseledande reklam, särskilt artiklarna 4 — förplikta svaranden att ersätta rättegångskostnaderna i
 och 7 i sistnämnda direktiv, hinder för en bestämmelse i förstainstansrätten och i denna domstol.
 en medlemsstat enligt vilken det är förbjudet att hänvisa
 till läkarutlåtanden vid marknadsföring av kosmetiska
 produkter — i synnerhet genom användning av beteck-
 ningen ”testad av ögonläkare”? Grunder och huvudargument
 2. Utgör artiklarna 28 EG och 30 EG, rådets direktiv
 76/768/EEG av den 27 juli 1976 om tillnärmning av Byrån för harmonisering inom den inre marknaden (varumär-
 medlemsstaternas lagstiftning om kosmetiska produkter ken, mönster och modeller) har gjort gällande
 i dess ändrade lydelse enligt rådets direktiv 88/667/EEG
 — att förstainstansrätten har gjort en felaktig rättstillämp-
 av den 21 december 1988 och 93/35/EEG av den 14 juni
 ning genom att tolka artikel 7.1 c i förordningen om
 1993, särskilt artikel 6.3 i direktivet, samt rådets direktiv
 gemenskapsvarumärken på så sätt att ett uttryck måste
 84/450/EEG av den 10 september 1984 om tillnärmning
 vara ”endast beskrivande” för att det skall registrering av
 av medlemsstaternas lagar och andra författningar om
 uttrycket som gemenskapsvarumärke skall kunna nekas
 vilseledande reklam, särskilt artiklarna 4 och 7 i sistnämn-
 enligt nämnda bestämmelse samt genom att slå fast att
 da direktiv, hinder för en bestämmelse i en medlemsstat
 registrering av uttrycket ”Doublemint” således inte kunde
 enligt vilken en sådan uppgift som avses i den första
 nekas.
 frågan endast får användas efter tillstånd från behörig
 förbundsminister? — att den argumentation som har anförts till stöd för att
 ogiltigförklara beslutet att neka registrering av uttrycket
 ”Doublemint” är motsägelsefullt och grundat på en
 (1) EGT L 262, s. 169; svensk specialutgåva, område 13, volym 5,
 konstlad rättsutredning samt att det har fattats utan
 s. 198.
 (2) EGT L 382, s. 46; svensk specialutgåva, område 13, volym 17, hänsyn till den ekonomiska verkligheten eller till det
 s. 175. sammanhang som varumärket skall användas i, vilket
 (3) EGT L 151, s. 32; svensk specialutgåva, område 13, volym 24, utgör en felaktig rättstillämpning som medför att domen
 s. 74. skall upphävas, eftersom det utgör en uppenbart felaktig
 (4) EGT L 250, s. 17; svensk specialutgåva, område 15, volym 4, bedömning.
 s. 211.
 (1) EGT C 333, 20.11.1999, s. 27.
 Överklagande, ingivet den 20 april 2001 av Byrån för
 harmonisering inom den inre marknaden (varumärken,
 mönster och modeller), av den dom som Europeiska
 gemenskapernas förstainstansrätt, andra avdelningen, har Talan mot Konungariket Danmark väckt den 4 maj 2001
 meddelat den 31 januari 2001 i mål T-193/99 (1): av Europeiska gemenskapernas kommission
 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company mot Byrån för harmonisering
 inom den inre marknaden (varumärken, mönster och (Mål C-192/01)
 modeller)
 (2001/C 200/91)
 (Mål C-191/01 P)
 Europeiska gemenskapernas kommission har den 4 maj 2001
 (2001/C 200/90)
 väckt talan vid Europeiska gemenskapernas domstol mot
 Konungariket Danmark. Sökanden företräds av Hans Christian
 Byrån för harmonisering inom den inre marknaden (varumär- Støvlbæk, i egenskap av ombud, med delgivningsadress i
 ken, mönster och modeller) har den 20 april 2001 till Luxemburg.


text:
The High Commissioner of the United Kingdom to The Gambia is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Republic of The Gambia.
 Until 2013 The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth and the United Kingdom's representative was a High Commissioner. On 2 October 2013 the Gambian government announced that the country was to withdraw from the Commonwealth. On 20 November 2013 the British High Commission formally became the British Embassy and the British High Commissioner became the British Ambassador.
 Fulfilling an election pledge of President Adama Barrow, The Gambia rejoined the Commonwealth on 8 February 2018 and the British Ambassador became the British High Commissioner again.
 List of heads of mission
 High Commissioners
 1965–1967: George Crombie
 1968–1971: Granville Ramage
 1972–1975: James Roland Walter Parker
 1975–1979: Martin Rogers
 1979–1981: Eric Smith
 1981–1984: David Francis Battye Le Breton
 1984–1987: John Garner
 1988–1990: Alec Ibbott
 1991–1993: Alan Pover
 1994–1995: Michael Hardie
 1995–1998: John Wilde
 1998–2000: Tony Millson
 2000–2002: John Perrott
 2002–2006: Eric Jenkinson
 2006–2011: Philip Sinkinson
 2011–2013: David Morley
 Ambassadors
 2013–2014: David Morley
 2014–2017: Colin Crorkin
 2017–2018: Sharon Wardle
 High Commissioners
 2018–: Sharon Wardle
 2020–: David Belgrove OBE
 References
 External links
 UK and Gambia, gov.uk
 Gambia
 Gambia
 The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations
 United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations
 United Kingdom