type: wikipedia

text:
L-analisi matematika bdiet mill-formulazzjoni rigoruża tal-kalkulu infiniteżmali. Hija fergħa tal-matematika li tikkonċentra fuq l-idea tal-limitu: il-limitu ta' suċċessjoni jew il-limitu ta' funzjoni. Tinkludi wkoll it-teoriji tad-differenzazzjoni, integrazzjoni u meżura, serje infiniti, u funzjonijiet analitiċi. L-istudju ta' dawn it-teoriji ħafna drabi jsir fil-kuntest tan-numri reali, numri komplessi, u funzjonijiet reali u komplessi. Madankollu, nistgħu niddefinixxu u nistudjaw dawn it-teoriji f'kull spazju ta' oġġetti matematiċi li fih hu possibbli li nagħtu definizzjoni ta' "distanza" (spazju metriku) jew iżjed ġenerali ta' "qrubija" (spazju topoloġiku).
 Għaliex l-Analisi Astratta?
 Għandna nistudjaw l-analisi matematika fil-kuntest iżjed wiesa' tal-ispazji topologiċi jew spazji metriċi għal żewġ raġunijiet:
 l-ewwel, għax l-istess metodi bażiċi ħafna drabi japplikaw għal klassi ta' problemi li hi ħafna usa' (per eżempju, l-istudju ta' spazji ta' funzjonijiet).
 it-tieni, u mhux inqas importanti, għax meta nifhmu l-analisi fi spazji aktar astratti sikwit nsibu li nistgħu napplikawha direttament għal problemi klassiċi. Per eżempju, fl-analisi ta' Fourier, nistgħu nesprimu kull funzjoni bħala ċerta serje infinita (ta' funzjonijiet trigonometriċi jew esponenzjali komplessi). Fiżikament, b'din id-dekompożizzjoni nirriduċu mewġa (tal-ħoss) arbitrarja fil-frekwenzi li jikkomponuha. Il-"piżijiet" jew koeffiċjenti tat-termini fl-espansjoni ta' Fourier ta' funzjoni, jistgħu jitqisu bħala l-komponenti ta' vettur fi spazju ta' dimensjoni infinita li nsibuh bħala spazju ta' Hilbert. Mela l-istudju tal-funzjonijiet definiti f'dil-qagħda iżjed ġenerali jipprovdi metodu konvenjenti għad-derivazzjoni ta' riżultati fuq kif il-funzjonijiet ivarjaw fl-ispazju u mal-ħin, jew f'termini aktar matematiċi fuq l-ekwazzjonijiet differenzjali parzjali, fejn din it-teknika nafuha bħala separazzjoni tal-varjabbli.
 Storja tal-Analisi Matematika
 Il-matematiċi Griegi bħal Ewdossu u Arkimede meta applikaw il-metodu tal-eżawriment biex jikkalkulaw l-arja u l-volum ta' xi reġjuni u solidi użaw il-kunċetti tal-limiti u l-konvergenza b'mod informali. Fl-Indja, il-matematiku tas-seklu 12, Bhaskara ġa kellu l-ideja tal-kalkulu differenzjali u ta eżempji tad-derivata, flimkien mal-propożizzjoni ta' dik li nsejħulu llum it-Teorema ta' Rolle.
 Fis-seklu 14, l-analisi matematika bdiha Madhava ta' Sangamagrama, meqjus bħala l-"fundatur ta'l-analisi matematika". Hu żviluppa idejat fundamentali: l-iżvilupp ta' funzjoni f'serje infinita, serje ta' potenzi, is-serje ta' Taylor, u l-approssimazzjoni razzjonali ta' serje infinita. Żviluppa wkoll is-serje ta' Taylor għall-funzjonijiet trigonometriċi tas-senu, kosenu, tanġenti u arktanġenti, u stima l-iżbal li nagħmlu meta naqtgħu is-serje. Żviluppa l-frazzjonijiet kontinwi infiniti, l-integrazzjoni b'termini wara termini, l-approssimazzjoni b'serje ta' Taylor tas-senu u kosenu, u s-serje f'potenzi tar-raġġ, diametru, ċirkonferenza, π, π/4 u l-anglu θ. Id-dixxipli tiegħu fl-iSkola ta' Kerala baqgħu ikkabru x-xogħol tiegħu sas-seklu 16.
 Fl-Ewropa, fit-tieni nofs tas-seklu 17, Newton u Leibniz independement minn xulxien żviluppaw il-kalkulu, li bl-istimulu tal-applikazzjonijiet matul is-seklu 18 rabba ħafna friegħi bħall-kalkulu tal-varjazzjoni, l-ekwazzjonijiet differenzjali ordinarji u parzjali u l-analisi ta' Fourier . F'dal-perijodu, il-metodi tal-kalkulu ġew applikati biex japprossimaw problemi diskreti b'oħrajn kontinwi.
 Fis-seklu18, Euler introduċa il-kunċett ta' funzjoni matematika. Fis-seklu19, Cauchy kien l-ewwel li stabbilixa l-kalkulu fuq pedament loġiku sod bl-introduzzjoni tal-ideja tas-suċċessjoni ta' Cauchy. Beda wkoll it-teorija formali tal-analisi komplessa. Poisson, Liouville, Fourier u oħrajn studjaw l-ekwazzjonijiet differenzjali parzjali u l-analisi armonika.
 F'nofs is-seklu Riemann introduċa t-teorija tiegħu tal-integrazzjoni. F'l-aħħar terz tas-seklu 19, Weierstrass li l-fehma tiegħu kienet li l-argumenti ġometriċi jistgħu iqarqu bina, daħħal l-aritmetizzazzjoni tal-analisi u introduċa id-definizzjoni "epsilon-delta" tal-limitu. Wara, il-matematiċi bdew jinkwietaw li kienu qegħdin jassumu l-eżistenza tal-kontinwu tan-numri reali mingħajr prova. Dedekind imbagħad ta kostruzzjoni tan-numri reali bil-methodu tal-qtugħ ta' Dedekind, li bih il-matematiċi jikkrejaw numri rrazzjonali li jimlew il-"vojt" bejn in-numri razzjonali, u hekk joħolqu sett komplet: il-kontinwu tan-numri reali. Madwar dak iż-żmien l-isforzi għar-raffinar tat-teoremi tal-integrazzjoni ta' Riemann wasslu għall-istudju tal-"qies" tas-sett tad-diskontinwitajiet tal-funzjonijiet reali.
 Fl-istess ħin, bdew jinħolqu "mostri" (funzjonijiet mkien kontinwi, funzjonijiet kontinwi imma mkien differenzjabbli, kurvi li jimlew l-ispazju). F'dal-kuntest, Jordan żviluppa t-teorija tiegħu tal-meżura, Cantor żviluppa dik li daż-żmien insejħulha it-teorija sempliċi tas-settijiet, u Baire ipprova it-teorema tal-kategoriji ta' Baire. Fil-bidu tas-seklu 20, il-kalkulu ġie formalizzat b'l-użu tat-teorija assjomatika tas-settijiet. Lebesgue irriżolva l-problema tal-miżura, u Hilbert introduċa l-ispazji ta' Hilbert biex jirriżolvi l-ekwazzjonijiet integrali. L-ideja tal-ispazji vettorjali normati kienet infirxet, u f'l-20ijiet tas-seklu Banach ħoloq l-analisi funzjonali.
 Oqsma tal-Analisi
 L-Analsi Matematika tinkludi dawn l-oqsma:
 Analisi Reali, l-istudju rigoruż tad-derivati u l-integrali ta' funzjonijiet b'varjabbli reali. Dan jinkludi l-istudju tas-suċċessjonijiet u l-limiti tagħhom, is-serje, u l-meżuri.
 Analisi komplessa, l-istudju ta' funzjonijiet mill-pjan kompless għall-pjan kompless li huma komplessament differenzjabbli.
 Analisi funzjonali, l-istudju ta' spazji ta' funzjonijiet b'l-użu ta' kunċetti bħal spazji ta' Banach u spazji ta' Hilbert.
 Analisi armonika l-istudju tas-serje ta' Fourier u l-astrazzjonijiet tagħhom..
 Ġometrija Differenzjali u Topoloġija, l-applikazzjoni tal-kalkulu għal spazji matematiċi astratti li għandhom struttura interna komplikata.
 Analisi Numerika, l-istudju tal-algoritmi użati għall-approssimazzjoni ta' problemi tal-matematika kontinwa.
 Il-kelma Analisi Klassika s-soltu tfisser analisi mingħajr l-użu tal-metodi tal-analisi funzjonali. L-istudju tal-ekwazzjonijiet differenzjali issa huwa mferrex ma friegħi oħra bħas-sistemi dinamiċi, imma ġħadu mportanti ħafna fl-analisi konvenzjonali.
 Matematika
 Analisi matematika


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Hubblen laki on kosmologiassa Edwin Hubblen havaitsema suora verrannollisuus kohteen ja havaitsijan välisen etäisyyden ja näiden välisen etääntymisnopeuden välillä.
 Edwin Hubble havaitsi vuonna 1929, että galaksien spektrissä näkyvät spektriviivat ovat punasiirtyneet. Lisäksi hän huomasi että punasiirtymä on verrannollinen galaksin etäisyyteen – mitä kauempana galaksi on, sitä suurempi sen punasiirtymä. Klassisen mekaniikan pohjalta tulkittuna tämä tarkoittaisi sitä että galaksit liikkuvat meistä poispäin niiden etäisyyteen suoraan verrannollisella nopeudella. Tästä seuraisi, että maapallo on maailmankaikkeuden keskus, josta kaikki muut kohteet liikkuvat poispäin. Hubblen havainnot voidaan ymmärtää käyttäen yleistä suhteellisuusteoriaa, jolloin punasiirtymä on seurausta avaruuden laajenemisesta. Tällöin maapallon ei tarvitse olla erityisessä asemassa, vaan punasiirtymistä tehdyt havainnot näyttävät samanlaisilta kaikkialla.
 Tutkimuksen tuloksena on Hubblen lakina tunnettu kaava, jossa galaksin nopeus saadaan, kun Hubblen vakio kerrotaan galaksin etäisyydellä:
 missä on galaksin loittonemisnopeus (tavallisesti yksikkönä km/s) ja on etäisyys galaksiin (yksikkönä megaparsek Mpc). Näiden välistä suhdetta kuvaava luku tunnetaan nimellä Hubblen vakio.
 Vakion suuruus on ollut pitkään kiistanalainen. Vuonna 2015 julkaistut Planck-satelliitin mittaukset kosmisesta taustasäteilystä antavat Hubblen vakioksi 67,74 ± 0,46 km/s/Mpc. Vuonna 2018 julkaistut Hubble-avaruusteleskoopin ja Gaia-luotaimen mittaukset kefeideistä viittaavat Hubblen vakion arvoon 73,52 ± 1,62 km/s/Mpc.
 Gravitaatioaallot tarjoavat kolmannen tavan määrittää Hubblen vakio. Toistaiseksi vakion arvo on laskettu vasta yhden tapauksen perusteella (70 ± 10 km/s/Mpc), mutta lisähavaintojen myötä tulos tulee tarkentumaan, mikä auttaa selvittämään, mistä Planck-satelliitin ja Hubble-avaruusteleskoopin tulosten erot johtuvat.
 Oikeastaan H0 ei ole vakio, sillä sen arvo muuttuu hitaasti. Ammattitähtitieteilijät käyttävät usein nimitystä Hubblen parametri.
 Hubblen laki lähiavaruudessa
 Pienillä etäisyyksillä Hubblen lain tuottama nopeus on niin pieni että sen havaitseminen on vaikeaa. Esimerkiksi Andromedan galaksin etäisyys on noin 800kpc joten Hubblen lain mukaan se loittonisi meistä 50 km/s nopeudella. Painovoiman tuottamat paikalliset nopeudenvaihtelut ovat suurempia, luokkaa 100 km/s. Lisäksi lähellä toisiaan sijaitsevien galaksien keskinäiset gravitaatiovuorovaikutukset ovat monin verroin suurempia kuin maailmankaikkeuden laajenemisen aiheuttama loitontava voima. Todellisuudessa Andromeda lähestyy linnunrataa nopeudella 140 km/s. Tästä syystä Hubblen laki on havaittavissa vain galaksijoukkojen välisten etäisyyksien yli, ja tällöinkin sen mittaamiseen tarvitaan valtava joukko galakseja, jotta satunnaisten liikkeiden vaikutus voidaan tilastollisesti eliminoida.
 Hubblen aika
 Hubblen lain löytäminen muutti ratkaisevasti käsitystä avaruuden synnystä, sillä vaikka jo aikaisemmin Aleksandr Fridman ja Georges Lemaître olivat yleisen suhteellisuusteorian perusteella väittäneet maailmankaikkeuden laajenevan, vasta Hubblen havainnot osoittivat niin todella tapahtuvan. Eräs Hubblen vakion tärkeimmistä piirteistä liittyykin juuri maailmankaikkeuden ikään. Olettaen että Hubblen laki pätee kaikilla punasiirtymän arvoilla, aika
 ilmoittaa, milloin kaksi nyt etäisyydellä olevaa kohdetta ovat olleet samassa pisteessä. Toisin sanoen Hubblen vakion käänteisluku ilmoittaa maailmankaikkeuden iän..
 Todellisuudessa Hubblen laki pätee vain etäisyyksillä jotka ovat näkyvää maailmankaikkeutta paljon pienempiä. Tarkempi lasku antaa tulokseksi
 missä on maailmankaikkeuden ainesisällöstä riippuva vakio. WMAP-satelliitin mittausten mukaan .
 Lähteet
 Viitteet
 Kosmologia
 Seulonnan keskeiset artikkelit


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Η τρέχουσα σελίδα αφορά το έτος 1293 κατά το Γρηγοριανό ημερολόγιο
 Γεγονότα
 20 Μαΐου - Ο βασιλιάς Σάντσο Δ' της Καστίλλης ιδρύει τη Σχολή Γενικών Σπουδών του Αλκαλά.
 26 Μαΐου - Σεισμός στην πόλη Καμακούρα της Ιαπωνίας σκοτώνει κατ' εκτίμηση 30.000 ανθρώπους.
 Γεννήσεις
 8 Φεβρουαρίου - Κλημεντία του Ανζού, βασίλισσα της Γαλλίας και της Ναβάρρας
 24 Ιουνίου - Ιωάννα της Βουργουνδίας, βασίλισσα της Γαλλίας
 29 Νοεμβρίου - Ματθίλδη του Αινώ, πριγκίπισσα της Αχαΐας
 Φίλιππος Ε', βασιλιάς της Γαλλίας
 Φίλιππος ΣΤ', βασιλιάς της Γαλλίας
 Ιωάννα του Μαίν και Βαλουά
 Θάνατοι
 Έτη


text:
A Little Vicious is a 1991 American short documentary film directed by Immy Humes about a dog in Connecticut about to be killed for biting people, until animal trainer Vicki Hearne steps in to help. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Short.
 References
 External links
 A Little Vicious at The Doc Tank
 1991 films
 1991 documentary films
 1991 short films
 American independent films
 1990s short documentary films
 American short documentary films
 Documentary films about dogs
 Films shot in Connecticut
 Films about pets
 1991 independent films
 1990s English-language films
 1990s American films


type: other

jurisdiction: US

text: b" SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\n\n\n UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE\n AND THE BROADCASTING BOARD OF GOVERNORS\n OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL\n\n\nISP-I-13-36 Office of Inspections June 2013\n\n\n\n\n Inspection of\n the Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of\n the Comptroller\n\n\n\n\nIMPORTANT NOTICE: This report is intended solely for the official use of the Department of State or the\nBroadcasting Board of Governors, or any agency or organization receiving a copy directly from the Office of\nInspector General. No secondary distribution may be made, in whole or in part, outside the Department of State or\nthe Broadcasting Board of Governors, by them or by other agencies of organizations, without prior authorization by\nthe Inspector General. Public availability of the document will be determined by the Inspector General under the\nU.S. Code, 5 U.S.C. 552. Improper disclosure of this report may result in criminal, civil, or administrative penalties.\n\n\n\n\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n PURPOSE, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY\n OF THE INSPECTION\n\n This inspection was conducted in accordance with the Quality Standards for Inspection\nand Evaluation, as issued in 2011 by the Council of the Inspectors General on Integrity and\nEfficiency, and the Inspector\xe2\x80\x99s Handbook, as issued by the Office of Inspector General for the\nU.S. Department of State (Department) and the Broadcasting Board of Governors (BBG).\n\nPURPOSE AND SCOPE\n\n The Office of Inspections provides the Secretary of State, the Chairman of the BBG, and\nCongress with systematic and independent evaluations of the operations of the Department and\nthe BBG. Inspections cover three broad areas, consistent with Section 209 of the Foreign Service\nAct of 1980:\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Policy Implementation: whether policy goals and objectives are being effectively\n achieved; whether U.S. interests are being accurately and effectively represented; and\n whether all elements of an office or mission are being adequately coordinated.\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Resource Management: whether resources are being used and managed with maximum\n efficiency, effectiveness, and economy and whether financial transactions and accounts\n are properly conducted, maintained, and reported.\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Management Controls: whether the administration of activities and operations meets the\n requirements of applicable laws and regulations; whether internal management controls\n have been instituted to ensure quality of performance and reduce the likelihood of\n mismanagement; whether instances of fraud, waste, or abuse exist; and whether adequate\n steps for detection, correction, and prevention have been taken.\n\nMETHODOLOGY\n\nIn conducting this inspection, the inspectors: reviewed pertinent records; as appropriate, circulated,\nreviewed, and compiled the results of survey instruments; conducted on-site interviews; and\nreviewed the substance of the report and its findings and recommendations with offices,\nindividuals, organizations, and activities affected by this review.\n\n\n\n\n i\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\n\n\n United States Department of State\n and the Broadcasting Board of Governors\n\n Office of Inspector General\n\n\n\n\n PREFACE\n\n\n This report was prepared by the Office of Inspector General (OIG) pursuant to the\nInspector General Act of 1978, as amended, and Section 209 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980,\nas amended. It is one of a series of audit, inspection, investigative, and special reports prepared\nby OIG periodically as part of its responsibility to promote effective management,\naccountability, and positive change in the Department of State and the Broadcasting Board of\nGovernors.\n\n This report is the result of an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the office,\npost, or function under review. It is based on interviews with employees and officials of relevant\nagencies and institutions, direct observation, and a review of applicable documents.\n\n The recommendations therein have been developed on the basis of the best knowledge\navailable to the OIG and, as appropriate, have been discussed in draft with those responsible for\nimplementation. It is my hope that these recommendations will result in more effective, efficient,\nand/or economical operations.\n\n I express my appreciation to all of those who contributed to the preparation of this report.\n\n\n\n\n Harold W. Geisel\n Deputy Inspector General\n\n\n\n\n ii\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\n Table of Contents\nKey Judgments 1\nContext 2\nExecutive Direction 3\n Leadership 3\n Organizational Structure and Responsibilities 3\n Staffing 4\n Morale 5\n Equal Employment Opportunity 5\nResource Management 6\n Financial Management 6\n Procurement Policy and Oversight 7\n Strategic Policy and Planning 8\nManagement Controls 10\nList of Recommendations 11\nList of Informal Recommendations 12\nPrincipal Officials 13\nAbbreviations 14\nAppendix: FY 2012 Consular Fees Collected and Allocated 15\n\n\n\n\n iii\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nKey Judgments\n\xef\x82\xb7 In its short history, the Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Comptroller (CA/C) has\n been plagued by insufficient and unevenly trained staff, interpersonal difficulties, and an\n uncertain mission.\n\n\xef\x82\xb7 Some of the roles and responsibilities of CA/C, particularly regarding contracting oversight\n and management controls policy, are not sufficiently clear to stakeholders and employees.\n\n\xef\x82\xb7 The over $2.5 billion Border Security Program (BSP) does not have a designated program\n manager; this deficiency diffuses responsibility for program oversight and administration.\n\n\nAll findings and recommendations in this report are based on conditions observed during the on-\nsite review and the standards and policies then in effect. The report does not comment at length\non areas where the OIG team did not identify problems that need to be corrected.\n\nThe inspection took place in Washington, DC, between January 14 and March 15, 2013.\n[Redacted] (b) (6)\n conducted the\ninspection with the assistance of [Redacted] (b) (6)\n\n\n\n\n 1\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nContext\n The Bureau of Consular Affairs (CA) established the Office of the Comptroller (CA/C) in\n2011 to account more closely for and manage funds retained from consular fee collections. In\nestablishing the new office, CA transferred responsibility for resource and financial management\nfrom its Executive Directorate (CA/EX) and moved part of strategic planning from its Office of\nPolicy Coordination and Public Affairs to CA/C. The bureau also added procurement policy and\noversight to CA/C.\n\n In its first 2 years CA/C experienced turnover in several key positions and filled fewer\nthan half its 46 authorized positions. Employee surveys in both CA/C and CA/EX, as well as\namong customers of the two offices, document lack of understanding of CA/C\xe2\x80\x99s mission and\nconfusion about its relationships with other parts of CA and within the Department of State\n(Department). Beginning in October 2012, the CA Assistant Secretary charged an acting\ncomptroller with filling vacant positions as one of her top three priorities.\n\n A 2012 OIG audit1 determined that the Department did not have a centralized program\nmanagement structure for managing the Border Security Program (BSP) and that CA did not\nexercise authority to oversee all aspects of the program. The audit concluded that roles and\nresponsibilities were not defined clearly and that there was neither sufficient guidance on the use\nof the funds nor adequate monitoring of expenditures. CA/C is in the process of negotiating\nservice level agreements with bureaus that receive border security funding as a means of exerting\ncontrol over BSP resources, which is another of the Assistant Secretary\xe2\x80\x99s top three priorities for\nCA/C.\n\n The final of the three priority tasks for the office is to complete an update to the Cost of\nService Model that serves as the basis for setting prices for consular services, such as passports\nand visas. The office also recoups the cost of services that CA provides on behalf of other U.S.\nGovernment agencies under the Economy Act of 1932.2 CA was among the bureaus selected to\npilot a new functional Bureau Resource Request in 2012,3 and CA/C is working to update the\nmodel based on lessons learned in the pilot.\n\n This inspection is the first for CA/C. OIG last inspected the Financial Management\nDivision in 2005, when it was part of CA/EX. At that time, CA managed approximately $700\nmillion in BSP spending. In 2012, the spending plan was $2.5 billion.\n\n\n\n\n1\n Audit of Department of State Use of Consular Fees Collected in Support of the Border Security Program, AUD-\nFM-12-39, August 2012.\n2\n 31 U.S.C. Section 1535, as amended.\n3\n In December 2011, the Department issued 11 STATE 124737, which discontinued the Bureau Strategic and\nResource Plan. The Bureau Resource Request (three-year strategic plans, with shorter annual resource requests)\nreplaces the Bureau Strategic and Resource Plan beginning with the FY 2014 budget cycle.\n\n 2\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nExecutive Direction\nLeadership\n\n In October 2012 the acting comptroller, a GS-15 Civil Service officer, assumed charge of\nCA/C, which was plagued by insufficient and unevenly trained staff, interpersonal conflict, and a\npoorly understood mission. Against the backdrop of this difficult environment, the inspectors\nfound the acting comptroller was focusing rightly on the directorate\xe2\x80\x99s most pressing problems\nfirst.\n\n The inspection period coincided with the acting comptroller\xe2\x80\x99s completion of 120 days on\nthe job. During a CA/C all hands meeting to review the state of the office, she explained her role\nas one of trying both to establish a vision from the top and to bring better structure and\nfoundation from the bottom. She cited the CA Assistant Secretary\xe2\x80\x99s three initial priorities for her:\ncompleting the Cost of Service Model, filling vacant positions, and establishing service level\nagreements with other Department bureaus. The acting comptroller credited staff with having\nmade progress on all three priorities but noted the need for CA/C divisions and other parts of CA\nto work better together and to establish a clearly defined lead division for each project. In OIG\nsurveys, the acting comptroller received high marks from staff for providing structure and\norganization to the office.\n\nOrganizational Structure and Responsibilities\n\n The inspection team found no evidence of a transition plan or a change management\ninitiative to facilitate the transfer of responsibilities for some CA/EX functions to CA/C when the\nbureau formed the latter in 2011. Employees in both directorates indicate that CA/C did not get\noff to a good start. Although relations between CA/C and CA/EX are improving, the relationship\nis still evolving, with survey respondents noting confusion and continued lack of coordination\nbetween the two directorates.\n\n One of the thorniest of the joint CA/C-CA/EX issues is how to divide roles and\nresponsibilities for the contracting process. CA/C has oversight responsibility for every CA\ncontract. At the same time, CA/EX manages most domestic CA contracts, whereas other\ndirectorates, including Consular Systems and Technology and Passport Services, manage some\nof their own. Within these broad parameters, CA/C and CA/EX continue to grapple with the\ndivision of roles and responsibilities, including administration of the Global Support Strategy\n(GSS), a 10-year contract with a maximum value of $2.8 billion that provides visa application\nsupport services to consular sections overseas. The CA Assistant Secretary stated that her\ndecisions in response to a December 13, 2011, joint CA/C-CA/EX memorandum should govern\ntheir division of contracting responsibilities. In the memorandum she decided that CA/C would\nrefrain from serving as contracting officer\xe2\x80\x99s representative (COR) for any contract over which\nthe office also exercises oversight (except GSS, which would be addressed separately). The\nAssistant Secretary directed the two offices to work together in delineating and implementing\ntheir respective contracting roles expeditiously.\n\n CA\xe2\x80\x99s Procurement Policy and Oversight Division (CA/C/PPOD) has responsibility for\npre-award contract review and approval; compliance with the Department\xe2\x80\x99s Acquisition\n\n 3\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\nRegulations, Foreign Affairs Manual (FAM), and the Federal Acquisition Regulation;\ncoordinating vendor outreach; monitoring interagency agreements; forecasting needs for bureau\ncontracts; and management of the GSS contract. However, many customers are unaware of\nCA/C/PPOD\xe2\x80\x99s role in contract oversight. Clearly defined, publicized roles and responsibilities\nare essential to efficient operations, customer satisfaction, and employee morale.\n\nRecommendation 1: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should crosswalk all tasks over which the\nresource offices share responsibility, or those where responsibility has shifted from one office to\nthe other, and communicate these roles to stakeholders and customers. (Action: CA)\n\nBorder Security Program Management\n\n In its 2012 audit, OIG recommended that CA formalize its authority over the BSP and\ndevelop clear roles and responsibilities for all parties involved in the program. All three CA/C\ndivisions manage certain aspects of the BSP: the Financial Management Division (CA/C/FMD)\nis responsible for budget execution and formulation; the Strategic Policy And Planning Division\n(CA/C/SPPD) for strategic planning and consular fee setting; and CA/C/PPOD for financial\noversight and compliance. CA/C is in the process of negotiating service level agreements with\nbureaus receiving BSP funds in order to comply with several audit recommendations, including\ndeveloping and implementing a comprehensive monitoring process that entails periodic reviews\nof BSP expenditures.\n\n The bureau assigned CA/C/PPOD to negotiate the agreements, ostensibly because that\noffice would have oversight responsibility for compliance. Based on analysis of the approved\njustification for establishing CA/C, the OIG inspection team concluded that it would be more\nappropriate for CA/C/SPPD to perform this function.\n\n Informal Recommendation 1: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should assign to the\n Strategic Policy and Planning Division responsibility for negotiating and maintaining\n service level agreements with other Department of State bureaus for the use of border\n security funds.\n\n CA has not designated a program manager for the BSP but has established a Foreign\nService deputy comptroller position that it has not yet advertised or filled. A program of the size\nand complexity of the BSP would benefit from an experienced senior-level manager to provide\nprogramwide oversight.\n\nRecommendation 2: The Bureau of Consular Affairs, in coordination with the Bureau of\nHuman Resources, should reprogram the deputy comptroller position to that of a program\nmanager for the Border Security Program. (Action: CA, in coordination with DGHR)\n\nStaffing\n\n With the recent arrival of two new division directors, CA/C is beginning to define\nresponsibilities for and fill many of its vacant positions. In doing so, it is important for CA/C not\nto duplicate the responsibilities of the CA/EX post management analysts, who serve as the\nprimary point of contact for overseas consular managers. Collaboration between CA/C and\nCA/EX officers is the best way to ensure that posts receive accurate and timely guidance.\n 4\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n In the past 2 years, frequent turnover in CA/C/FMD has increased the workload of senior\nstaff, leaving them unable to provide adequate guidance and direction to newly hired and\ninexperienced employees. CA/C has begun to address this issue, but the inspection team\nidentified several areas that need immediate attention.\n\n The OIG team\xe2\x80\x99s review of CA/C/FMD position descriptions determined that two of the\nthree management analysts assigned to the division perform budget analyst duties. The position\ndescription for one of the employees indicates assignment to another division. The inspection\nteam raised these discrepancies with the acting comptroller. CA/C is reviewing its positions to\nimprove distribution of duties and assign backups and will request CA/EX to update position\ndescriptions as necessary.\n\n During the inspection, the acting comptroller and the CA/C/FMD director were\nconsidering reallocation of duties among all CA/C/FMD employees and converting a vacant FS-\n02 position to a GS-14 supervisory budget analyst position to oversee budget formulation and\nfinancial management overseas. The inspection team agrees with this approach, which would\nallow the division director to manage the division overall while delegating more to her\nsubordinates.\n\n Informal Recommendation 2: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should structure staff in\n the Financial Management Division to include a GS-14 supervisory budget analyst with\n responsibility for budget formulation and the overseas portfolio.\n\nMorale\n\n Morale varies in this mixed office of Civil Service employees, Foreign Service officers,\nand contractors. Employees with good morale tend to express a sense of purpose about their\nwork and their belief that CA/C is improving under its new leadership. Employees with low\nmorale continue to cite the issues that have beset CA/C since its inception.\n\nEqual Employment Opportunity\n\n Information on the program is posted in the building currently occupied by CA/C and\nCA/EX. Preinspection survey material showed employees believe CA to be alert to possible\ndiscrimination.\n\n\n\n\n 5\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nResource Management\nFinancial Management\n\n CA/C/FMD is responsible for managing CA\xe2\x80\x99s budget and coordinating allocation of BSP\nfunds to other bureaus that share responsibility for the BSP, such as the Bureau of Diplomatic\nSecurity. As the lead for the BSP, CA/C coordinates funding requirements for CA and 10 other\nDepartment bureaus that receive portions of the visa and other fees CA collects (see the\nAppendix for a complete breakdown of FY 2012 consular fees and allocations). In FY 2012,\nCA\xe2\x80\x99s share of the $2.5 million in BSP funds was $1.4 million. CA\xe2\x80\x99s fee-based funding structure\nrequires extensive tracking and reporting of revenues. CA/C/FMD performs traditional budget\nformulation and execution responsibilities, including funds availability certification, funds\nobligation and control, and voucher examination. The division also is responsible for processing\ndomestic consular fee refunds. At the time of the inspection, 12 of the division\xe2\x80\x99s 18 authorized\npositions were filled.\n\n The Department recently implemented an initiative to shift from diplomatic and consular\nprogram direct funding to consular fee funding, representing significant process changes for CA,\nother Department bureaus, and posts. In FY 2011, CA became a separate billing entity in the\nInternational Cooperative Administrative Support Services (ICASS) program, allowing for\ngreater transparency in the use of consular fee funding. In FY 2012, CA began allotting BSP\nfunds directly to posts for the salaries of all consular locally employed staff members rather than\nindirectly funding the salaries through the regional bureaus. In FY 2013, CA began direct\nallocation to posts of support costs for U.S. consular direct-hire employees.\n\n These new processes, along with the growth in BSP funding from approximately $700\nmillion in FY 2005 to $2.5 billion in FY 2012, constitute new challenges for CA/C/FMD.\nTurnover and staffing shortages have exacerbated these challenges. Since its separation from\nCA/EX in 2011, the division has managed to complete its day-to-day work but at a cost.\nAlthough CA/C/FMD customers expressed general satisfaction with the service received, the\ninspection team also heard complaints about slow response times. Examples include delayed\nrelease of FY 2014 budget preparation guidance and late approval for travel authorization\nfunding that resulted in the need to process last-minute emergency travel.\n\n In an OIG survey, some overseas consular section chiefs complained that CA guidance\nwas inadequate for the FY 2011 transition to ICASS. To address these concerns, CA/C revamped\nits ICASS Web page to improve the quality of information. Also during the inspection, CA/C\nmet with the ICASS Service Center to plan its first Webinar on ICASS, tentatively scheduled for\nApril 2013.\n\n CA/C/FMD is seeking to improve its internal financial and budget record-keeping\nsystem, the Consular Affairs Budget System. The division is working with the Office of\nConsular Systems and Technology to upgrade to a Web-based Enhanced Budget System, which\nwill increase transparency of budget information to customers, including the CA front office and\nthe passport agencies. The system is more user friendly than the current system and provides\nbetter reporting capability, which will facilitate improved communication with and information\nto customers.\n\n 6\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n Informal Recommendation 3: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should replace its current\n internal financial and budget record-keeping system with a system that increases\n transparency of budget data, is user friendly, and provides improved reporting capability.\n\n CA/C/FMD is also transitioning to a Web-based Resource Allocation and Budget\nIntegration Tool to allow posts to plan, track, and report on BSP resources devoted to consular\nactivities. The division also plans to automate the domestic refunds process using Metastorm, a\nbusiness process management software application used throughout the Department, which\nshould increase efficiencies in this currently manual process. The inspection team supports CA\xe2\x80\x99s\nefforts to achieve a more efficient method for processing and tracking refunds.\n\n Informal Recommendation 4: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should automate the\n domestic consular fee refunds process and include the capability for part of the\n processing to be done at passport and other off-site offices.\n\nProcurement Policy and Oversight\n\n CA established CA/C/PPOD to provide bureauwide guidance for and oversight of\ncontractual compliance and procurement-related issues. At the time of the inspection, CA/C had\njust filled the division director position, vacant for nearly a year, and was beginning to address\nthe lack of clarity of CA/C/PPOD\xe2\x80\x99s mission and how staff job responsibilities fit into it. Seven of\nCA/C/PPOD\xe2\x80\x99s 14 authorized positions were filled. Five contractors and an intern were providing\nsupport to the staff.\n\n CA/C/PPOD is implementing new processes, including specific oversight guidelines, to\nincorporate new requirements issued by the Office of the Procurement Executive. CA/C/PPOD is\ndeveloping a program for CA\xe2\x80\x99s CORs and government technical monitors that is designed to\nestablish uniform procedures, including training; to create a centralized place for bureau CORs\nand government technical monitors to obtain information and guidance on contracting activities;\nand to conduct regular oversight of COR activities for the bureau. The division launched a Web\nsite for this process. CA/C/PPOD staff is also drafting and updating standard operating\nprocedures.\n\n CA/C/PPOD is planning to develop a database of all CA contracts. This information will\nassist managers to plan for recompetition, extension, or expiration of contracts. The inspection\nteam concurs with this approach.\n\n Informal Recommendation 5: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should create an\n automated database in the Procurement Policy and Oversight Division of all bureau\n contracts and use it to track key milestones such as contract period of performance,\n expiration date, and designation of a qualified contracting officer\xe2\x80\x99s representative.\n\nFinancial Oversight and Management Reviews\n\n CA/C/PPOD is also responsible for financial and management controls oversight for CA.\nThe division performs periodic financial and resource management reviews, coordinates internal\nand external audit requests, and monitors aspects of the overseas fee reconciliation process to\nensure accurate collection of consular fees. CA/C/PPOD also coordinates the annual\n 7\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\nmanagement controls reporting requirements for CA, as part of the Federal Managers\xe2\x80\x99 Financial\nIntegrity Act. CA adopted an internal review program in September 2011 to increase\ntransparency and assist bureau management in identifying and mitigating management\nvulnerabilities. CA expects to implement best practices identified in these reviews. CA/C/PPOD\nrecently reviewed machine-readable visa fee reconciliations and allotments and conducted\nseparate reviews of unliquidated obligations throughout CA and for CA/PPT and Office of\nConsular Systems and Technology transactions.\n\nStrategic Policy and Planning\n\n CA/C/SPPD is responsible for broad policy and resource oversight for CA, including\nserving as the lead on bureau strategic planning, interagency coordination, service level\nagreements for the BSP, interagency agreements for the Economy Act of 1932, and the Cost of\nService Model. The division also works jointly with CA/C/FMD to formulate and present the\nBureau Resource Request. Seven of the division\xe2\x80\x99s 11 authorized positions were encumbered at\nthe time of the inspection. Five contractors were assisting with the Cost of Service Model, and\ntwo others were working on activities in support of the division\xe2\x80\x99s strategic planning function.\n\nCost of Service Model and Economy Act\n\n Office of Management and Budget Circular A-25 requires that Federal agencies review\nbiennially the fees they charge their customers. For CA, compliance with this requirement\ninvolves gathering information about the costs of providing consular services globally. CA\ncreated a Cost of Service Model to analyze and store this information, ranging from employee\ncompensation to the cost of procuring consular supplies. The precision of the model is critical to\nensuring that charges to users are fair and accurate. As the Department moved all the costs\ninvolved in placing and maintaining consular employees overseas from the regional bureaus to\nCA, the model\xe2\x80\x99s accuracy assumed greater significance.\n\n Completion of overdue revisions to the Cost of Service Model was the division\xe2\x80\x99s top\npriority at the time of the inspection. In December 2012, a CA/C review uncovered significant\nerrors in counting cost factors. CA/C is now calculating revised unit costs to incorporate them\ninto a new fee schedule to reflect more accurately the cost of those consular services. Once the\nupdates are complete, the Department will publish and seek public comments on the revised fee\nschedule in the Federal Register, a process that is likely to take several months.\n\n CA maintains the Cost of Service Model on a server separate from OpenNet, because CA\nhas not obtained the necessary OpenNet approvals. This arrangement complicates the process of\nentering data into the model, a task that a contractor now completes remotely.\n\n Informal Recommendation 6: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should obtain the\n required approvals to place its Cost of Service Model on OpenNet by July 1, 2013.\n\n The Economy Act of 1932, as amended, authorizes Federal agencies to purchase goods\nand services from one another on a reimbursable basis. CA/C/SPPD is the lead office for\ncalculating and negotiating reimbursement under the Economy Act for services consular officers\nperform on behalf of other Federal agencies. CA had entered into an interagency agreement with\nonly one agency: the Department of Homeland Security\xe2\x80\x99s Bureau of U.S. Citizenship and\n 8\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\nImmigration Services, which incurred about $15 million for services rendered in FY 2012. Plans\nare underway to negotiate agreements with the Department of Homeland Security\xe2\x80\x99s Bureau of\nImmigration and Customs Enforcement, the Social Security Administration, the Federal Bureau\nof Investigation, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Veterans Affairs.\n\n In setting charges for services it provides to other Federal agencies, CA uses its Cost of\nService Model to calculate the cost of labor. The remaining challenge is resolving conflicting\ninformation in CA systems about the number of services performed. The information available in\nthe Automated Cash Register System is not consistent with the number of services reported in\nthe Consular Consolidated Database. CA ultimately plans to address this and other problems\nrelated to multiple databases in its Consular One project to unify all consular systems. In the\nmeantime, CA has instructed posts to use the Automated Cash Register System to track the\nworkload counts. The inspection team endorses this approach.\n\nStrategic Planning\n\n The Department initiated a 3-year strategic planning process in 2012 and selected CA as\none of eight functional bureaus to pilot the new process. In May 2012, CA prepared its functional\nbureau strategy for FYs 2014\xe2\x80\x932016. CA/C/SPPD indicated that it coordinated with all CA\ndirectorates to obtain the information needed to prepare the strategy. Even where larger\ndirectorates dedicate staff to planning for future workload, the inspection team concluded that\nthis function does not duplicate the work of CA/C/SPPD.\n\n Based on lessons learned from the pilot for the new process, CA leadership decided to\nrewrite its functional bureau strategy in 2013 rather than wait until 2015 to make significant\nchanges. Managers will face difficult decisions about how best to prioritize work in this\nunderstaffed division.\n\n\n\n\n 9\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nManagement Controls\n CA\xe2\x80\x99s annual management controls assurance statement, dated August 22, 2012, identified\none significant deficiency and reported progress toward addressing two previously identified\ndeficiencies. CA/C drafted the statement and sought contributions from all CA directorates. The\nstatement identified deficiencies in the automated systems that track visa foil destruction and\naccess to passport records. New releases of consular automated systems will correct these\ndeficiencies; CA had already rectified one at the time of the inspection. The third deficiency\ninvolved the Overseas Citizens Services Trust Program, which CA is currently addressing.\n\n Each assistant secretary is required under 2 FAM 022.8 a. to designate a senior-level\nmanager to ensure that the Department\xe2\x80\x99s management control program requirements are carried\nout in the bureau and to include fulfillment of that responsibility as a critical job element in the\nmanager\xe2\x80\x99s performance agreement. According to 7 Foreign Affairs Handbook (FAH)-1 H-636,\nCA\xe2\x80\x99s Assistant Secretary has overall responsibility for management controls within the bureau,\nand CA/EX is the lead office in the bureau for policies and procedures relating to management\ncontrols both within the bureau and for consular sections abroad. This FAH citation predates the\nestablishment of CA/C and does not reflect how CA currently exercises this function. Selection\nof the comptroller position for this function would reflect the responsibility for resource\nmanagement assigned to CA/C in the decision documents establishing the office.\n\nRecommendation 3: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should designate the position of the\ncomptroller as the bureau\xe2\x80\x99s management control coordinator and include that responsibility as a\ncritical job element in the performance agreement for the comptroller position. (Action: CA)\n\n All directorates in CA have responsibility for designing internal controls that protect\ninformation and processes from misuse and fraud. A provision of 7 FAH-1 H-624.2-1 requires\noverseas posts to submit annual certifications of compliance with consular management controls;\n7 FAH-1 H-636 assigns CA/EX responsibility for providing guidance on consular management\ncontrols. The latter regulation is out of date. Although CA/EX and other directorates\nappropriately design and administer internal controls programs, CA/C, in its role as the bureau\nmanagement control coordinator, has ultimate responsibility for making sure that policy is\ncoordinated bureauwide and that all CA\xe2\x80\x99s internal controls programs are consistent. Lack of\nclarity on who is responsible for management controls could result in confusion or dissemination\nof contradictory guidance that wastes time and creates vulnerabilities.\n\nRecommendation 4: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should assign responsibility for\ncoordinating policy on consular management controls to its Office of the Comptroller and update\nthe Foreign Affairs Handbook accordingly. (Action: CA)\n\n\n\n\n 10\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nList of Recommendations\nRecommendation 1: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should crosswalk all tasks over which\nthe resource offices share responsibility, or those where responsibility has shifted from one office\nto the other, and communicate these roles to stakeholders and customers. (Action: CA)\n\nRecommendation 2: The Bureau of Consular Affairs, in coordination with the Bureau of\nHuman Resources, should reprogram the deputy comptroller position to that of a program\nmanager for the Border Security Program. (Action: CA, in coordination with DGHR)\n\nRecommendation 3: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should designate the position of the\ncomptroller as the bureau\xe2\x80\x99s management control coordinator and include that responsibility as a\ncritical job element in the performance agreement for the comptroller position. (Action: CA)\n\nRecommendation 4: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should assign responsibility for\ncoordinating policy on consular management controls to its Office of the Comptroller and update\nthe Foreign Affairs Handbook accordingly. (Action: CA)\n\n\n\n\n 11\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nList of Informal Recommendations\n Informal recommendations cover operational matters not requiring action by\norganizations outside the inspected unit and/or the parent regional bureau. Informal\nrecommendations will not be subject to the OIG compliance process. However, any subsequent\nOIG inspection or on-site compliance review will assess the mission\xe2\x80\x99s progress in implementing\nthe informal recommendations.\n\nInformal Recommendation 1: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should assign to the Strategic\nPolicy and Planning Division responsibility for negotiating and maintaining service level\nagreements with other Department of State bureaus for the use of border security funds.\n\nInformal Recommendation 2: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should structure staff in the\nFinancial Management Division to include a GS-14 supervisory budget analyst with\nresponsibility for budget formulation and the overseas portfolio.\n\nInformal Recommendation 3: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should replace its current\ninternal financial and budget record-keeping system with a system that increases transparency of\nbudget data, is user friendly, and provides improved reporting capability.\n\nInformal Recommendation 4: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should automate the domestic\nconsular fee refunds process and include the capability for part of the processing to be done at\npassport and other off-site offices.\n\nInformal Recommendation 5: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should create an automated\ndatabase in the Procurement Policy and Oversight Division of all bureau contracts and use it to\ntrack key milestones such as contract period of performance, expiration date, and designation of\na qualified contracting officer\xe2\x80\x99s representative.\n\nInformal Recommendation 6: The Bureau of Consular Affairs should obtain the required\napprovals to place its Cost of Service Model on OpenNet by July 1, 2013.\n\n\n\n\n 12\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nPrincipal Officials\n Name Arrival Date\nComptroller (Acting) Rachel M. Arndt 10/12\nDivision Chiefs:\n Financial Management Tracy L. Henderson 6/07*\n Procurement Policy and Oversight Barnaby J. Walsh 2/13\n Strategic Policy and Planning Jonathan A. Parks 1/13\n\n*Held position as director of Resource Management Division in CA/EX prior to formation of\nCA/C.\n\n\n\n\n 13\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nAbbreviations\nBSP Border Security Program\n\nCA Bureau of Consular Affairs\n\nCA/C Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Comptroller\n\nCA/C/FMD Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Comptroller, Financial\n Management Division\n\nCA/C/PPOD Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Comptroller,\n Procurement Policy and Oversight Division\n\nCA/C/SPPD Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Comptroller, Strategic\n Policy and Planning Division\n\nCA/EX Bureau of Consular Affairs, Office of the Executive Director\n\nCOR Contracting officer's representative\n\nDepartment Department of State\n\nFAH Foreign Affairs Handbook\n\nFAM Foreign Affairs Manual\n\nGSS Global Support Strategy\n\nICASS International Cooperative Administrative Support Services\n\nOIG Office of Inspector General\n\n\n\n\n 14\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\nAppendix: FY 2012 Consular Fees Collected and Allocated\n\n\n\n\n(The above pie chart shows the breakdown of the $3.1 billion total consular fees collected and\nallocated in FY 2012: Treasury, $688,340,000; Consular Affairs, $1,528,382,881; Other Fees-\nDiversity Visa and Affidavit of Support, $37,000,000; IT Central Fund-Passport Expedite,\n$184,875,653; Resource Management-American Salaries, $433,508,000; Foreign Service\nInstitute-Consular Training, Conferences, and Workshops, $7,054,000; OBO-Residential Leases\nand Facilities, $205,394,500; Bureau of Administration-Domestic Facility Operations,\n$120,674,000; Diplomatic Security-Guards at Passport Agencies and Visa and Passport\nInvestigations, $59,915,000; Prior Year Carryover Impact, $267,866,653; Information Resource\nManagement-Systems Technology to Support CLASS/Namechecks, $21,800,000; Regional\nBureaus-Overseas Program Support, $122,092,619.)\n\n\n\n\n 15\n SENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0cSENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\n\n\n\n FRAUD, WASTE, ABUSE,\n OR MISMANAGEMENT\nOF FEDERAL PROGRAMS\n HURTS EVERYONE.\n\n CONTACT THE\n OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL\n HOTLINE\n TO REPORT ILLEGAL\n OR WASTEFUL ACTIVITIES:\n\n\n 202-647-3320\n 800-409-9926\n oighotline@state.gov\n oig.state.gov\n\n Office of Inspector General\n U.S. Department of State\n P.O. Box 9778\n Arlington, VA 22219\n\n\n\n\nSENSITIVE BUT UNCLASSIFIED\n\x0c"


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 Tähtis õiguslik teade
 |
 22006A0720(01)
 Energiaühenduse asutamisleping
 Euroopa Liidu Teataja L 198 , 20/07/2006 Lk 0018 - 0037
 TÕLGEEnergiaühenduse asutamislepingLEPINGUOSALISED,kelleks onEUROOPA ÜHENDUSühelt poolt jaJÄRGMISED LEPINGUOSALISEDteiselt poolt:- Albaania Vabariik, Bulgaaria Vabariik, Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina, Horvaatia Vabariik, endine Jugoslaavia Makedoonia Vabariik, Montenegro Vabariik, Rumeenia, Serbia Vabariik (edaspidi "ühinevad lepinguosalised")ning- ÜRO ajutine missioon Kosovos vastavalt ÜRO Julgeolekunõukogu resolutsioonile 1244,TOETADES Ateena protsessi ning 2002. ja 2003. aasta Ateena vastastikuse mõistmise memorandumeid,MÄRKIDES, et Bulgaaria Vabariik, Rumeenia ja Horvaatia Vabariik on Euroopa Liidu kandidaatriigid ning endine Jugoslaavia Makedoonia Vabariik on taotlenud Euroopa Liidu liikmestaatust,MÄRKIDES, et 2002. aasta detsembris Kopenhaagenis toimunud Euroopa Ülemkogu istungil kinnitati Albaania Vabariigi, Bosnia ja Hertsegoviina ning Serbia ja Montenegro kui võimalike kandidaatriikide ühinemist Euroopa Liiduga ning rõhutati kindlat otsust toetada nende Euroopa Liidule lähenemise püüdlusi,MEENUTADES, et Thessalonikis 2003. aasta juunis toimunud Euroopa Ülemkogu istungil kiideti heaks "Lääne-Balkanit käsitlevad Thessaloniki tegevussuunised: Euroopa integratsiooni poole", mille eesmärk on veelgi tugevdada Euroopa Liidu ja Lääne-Balkani riikide erisuhteid ning milles Euroopa Liit julgustas kõnealuse piirkonna riike võtma vastu õiguslikult siduva Kagu-Euroopa energiaturu lepingu,MEENUTADES Euroopa – Vahemere piirkonna partnerlusprotsessi ja Euroopa naabruspoliitikat,MEENUTADES Kagu-Euroopa stabiilsuspakti panust; kõnealuse pakti põhituumaks on vajadus tugevdada Kagu-Euroopa riikide ja rahvaste vahelist koostööd ning edendada tingimusi rahuks, stabiilsuseks ja majanduskasvuks,OLLES KINDLALT OTSUSTANUD luua lepinguosaliste vahel ühistel huvidel ja solidaarsusel põhineva integreeritud maagaasi ja elektrienergia turu,ARVESTADES, et kõnealune integreeritud turg võib hilisemal etapil hõlmata muid energiatooteid ja -kandjaid, näiteks veeldatud maagaasi, bensiini ja vesinikku, või muid olulisi võrguinfrastruktuure,OLLES KINDLALT OTSUSTANUD luua stabiilse reguleeriva ja tururaamistiku, millega suudetakse kaasata investeeringuid gaasivõrkudesse, elektrienergia tootmisesse ja põhivõrkudesse, nii et kõik lepinguosalised saavad juurdepääsu stabiilsele ja katkematule gaasi- ja elektrivarustusele, mis on oluline majandusarengu ja sotsiaalse stabiilsuse saavutamiseks,OLLES KINDLALT OTSUSTANUD luua gaasi- ja elektrikaubanduse ühtse regulatiivruumi, mis on vajalik asjaomaste tooteturgude geograafilist ulatust arvestades,TÕDEDES, et Austria Vabariigi, Kreeka Vabariigi, Ungari Vabariigi, Itaalia Vabariigi ja Sloveenia Vabariigi territooriumid on nagunii integreeritud lepinguosaliste gaasi- ja elektriturgudega ning kõnealuste turgude toimimine avaldab neile otsest mõju,OLLES KINDLALT OTSUSTANUD edendada avalike teenuste osutamise kohustusel põhinevat kõrgetasemelist gaasi- ja elektrivarustust kõikidele kodanikele ning saavutada majanduslik ja sotsiaalne areng, tööhõive kõrge tase ning tasakaalustatud ja jätkusuutlik areng, luues neil eesmärkidel gaasi- ja elektriturgude jaoks sisepiirideta ala,SOOVIDES suurendada ühtses regulatiivruumis varustuskindlust, luues selleks vajaliku stabiilse reguleeriva raamistiku piirkonna jaoks, kus võib välja arendada ühendused Kaspia mere, Põhja-Aafrika ja Lähis-Ida piirkonna gaasivarudega ja kasutada maagasi, kivisöe ja hüdroenergia omamaiseid varusid,KOHUSTUDES parandama gaasi- ja elektrisektoriga seotud keskkonnaseisundit, energiatõhusust ja taastuvate energiaallikate kasutamist,OLLES KINDLALT OTSUSTANUD arendada gaasi- ja elektriturul ulatuslikumat konkurentsi ja saavutada mastaabisäästu,ARVESTADES, et kõnealuste eesmärkide saavutamiseks tuleb luua turu laiaulatuslik ja integreeritud reguleerimisstruktuur, millele on toeks tugevad asutused ja tõhus järelevalve ning kuhu on piisavalt kaasatud erasektor,ARVESTADES, et riiklike gaasi- ja elektrisüsteemide koormuse vähendamiseks ning kohalike gaasi- ja elektrivarustuskatkestuste ärahoidmiseks ning gaasi- ja elektrikaubanduse hõlbustamiseks tuleks kehtestada erieeskirjad ning et selliseid eeskirju on vaja asjaomaste tooteturgude geograafilises ulatuses ühise regulatiivruumi loomiseks,ON OTSUSTANUD LUUA ENERGIAÜHENDUSE.I JAOTISPÕHIMÕTTEDArtikkel 11. Käesoleva lepinguga asutavad lepinguosalised omavahel energiaühenduse.2. Euroopa Ühenduse liikmesriigid võivad saada energiaühenduse liikmeks vastavalt käesoleva lepingu artiklile 95.Artikkel 21. Energiaühenduse ülesanne on lepinguosaliste vaheliste suhete korraldamine ning lõikes 2 määratletud võrguenergiat käsitleva õigus- ja majandusraamistiku loomine, et:a) luua stabiilne reguleeriv ja tururaamistik, mille abil on võimalik soodustada investeeringuid gaasivõrkudesse, elektrienergia tootmisse ning põhi- ja jaotusvõrkudesse, et kõikidel lepinguosalistel oleks juurdepääs püsivale ja pidevale energiavarustusele, mis on oluline majandusarengu ja sotsiaalse stabiilsuse seisukohalt,b) luua võrguenergiakaubanduse ühtne regulatiivruum, mis on vajalik asjaomaste tooteturgude geograafilist ulatust arvestades,c) suurendada ühtses regulatiivruumis varustuskindlust, luues selleks stabiilsed investeerimisolud, mille puhul on võimalik välja arendada ühendused Kaspia mere, Põhja-Aafrika ja Lähis-Ida piirkonna gaasivarudega ja kasutada maagasi, kivisöe ja hüdroenergia omamaiseid varusid,d) parandada võrguenergiaga seotud keskkonnaseisundit ja energiatõhusust, edendada taastuvate energiaallikate kasutamist ning kehtestada ühtses regulatiivruumis energiakaubanduse tingimused,e) arendada võrguenergiaturu konkurentsi laiemas geograafilises ulatuses ja saavutada mastaabisäästu.2. Võrguenergia hõlmab Euroopa Ühenduse direktiivide 2003/54/EÜ ja 2003/55/EÜ [1] reguleerimisalasse kuuluvat elektri- ja gaasisektorit.Artikkel 3Energiaühenduse tegevus hõlmab artikli 2 tähenduses järgmist:a) vastavalt II jaotises esitatud täpsemale kirjeldusele lepinguosaliste poolt sellise energeetikat, keskkonda, konkurentsi ja taastuvaid energiaallikaid käsitleva acquis communautaire' kohaldamine, mida on kirjeldatud II jaotises ja mida on kohandatud nii energiaühenduse institutsioonilise raamistikuga kui ka iga lepinguosalise eriolukorraga (edaspidi: "acquis communautaire'i laiendamine");b) vastavalt III jaotises esitatud täpsemale kirjeldusele sellise konkreetse reguleeriva raamistiku kehtestamine, mis võimaldab lepinguosaliste territooriumidel ja osal Euroopa Ühenduse territooriumil võrguenergiaturgude tõhusat toimimist ning mis hõlmab ühtse mehhanismi loomist võrguenergia piiriüleseks ülekandeks ja/või edastamiseks ning ühepoolsete kaitsemeetmete järelevalvet (edaspidi "võrguenergiaturgude toimimise mehhanism");c) vastavalt IV jaotises esitatud täpsemale kirjeldusele lepinguosaliste jaoks sisepiirideta võrguenergiaturu loomine, sealhulgas vastastikuse abi koordineerimine energiavõrkude tõsiste häirete või väliste katkestuste puhul; see võib hõlmata energiasektori ühise väliskaubanduspoliitika väljaarendamist (edaspidi "ühtse energiaturu loomine").Artikkel 4Euroopa Ühenduste Komisjon (edaspidi "Euroopa Komisjon") tegutseb artiklis 3 kirjeldatud kolme tegevuse koordinaatorina.Artikkel 5Energiaühendus järgib II jaotises kirjeldatud acquis communautaire'i, mida on kohandatud nii käesoleva lepingu institutsioonilise raamistikuga kui ka iga lepinguosalise eriolukorraga, et tagada investeerimise turvalisust ja optimaalseid investeeringuid.Artikkel 6Lepinguosalised võtavad asjakohaseid üld- või erimeetmeid, et tagada käesolevast lepingust tulenevate kohustuste täitmine. Lepinguosalised aitavad kaasa energiaühenduse ülesannete täitmisele. Liikmesriigid hoiduvad kõigist meetmetest, mis võiksid kahjustada käesoleva lepingu eesmärkide saavutamist.Artikkel 7Diskrimineerimine on käesoleva lepingu reguleerimisalas keelatud.Artikkel 8Käesolev leping ei piira lepinguosaliste õigusi otsustada oma energiaressursside kasutustingimuste, erinevate energiaallikate valiku ja oma energiavarustuse üldstruktuuri üle.II JAOTISACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE'I LAIENDAMINEI PEATÜKKGeograafiline ulatusArtikkel 9Käesoleva jaotise sätteid ja käesoleva jaotise alusel võetud meetmeid kohaldatakse ühinevate lepinguosaliste territooriumide ja ÜRO ajutise missiooni Kosovos jurisdiktsiooni alla kuuluvate territooriumide suhtes.II PEATÜKKEnergeetikat käsitlev acquis'Artikkel 10Lepinguosalised rakendavad energeetikat käsitlevat acquis communautaire'i kooskõlas I lisa kohase asjaomaste meetmete rakendamise ajakavaga.Artikkel 11Käesoleva lepingu tähenduses on energeetikat käsitlev acquis communautaire' i) Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. juuni 2003. aasta direktiiv 2003/54/EÜ, mis käsitleb elektrienergia siseturu ühiseeskirju, ii) Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. juuni 2003. aasta direktiiv 2003/55/EÜ maagaasi siseturu ühiseeskirjade kohta ja iii) Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. juuni 2003. aasta määrus 1228/2003/EÜ, milles käsitletakse võrkudele juurdepääsu tingimusi piiriüleses elektrikaubanduses. [2]III PEATÜKKKeskkonda Käsitlev acquis'Artikkel 12Lepinguosalised rakendavad keskkonda käsitlevat acquis communautaire'i kooskõlas II lisa kohase asjaomaste meetmete rakendamise ajakavaga.Artikkel 13Lepinguosalised tunnustavad Kyoto protokolli tähtsust. Lepinguosalised püüavad ühineda Kyoto protokolliga.Artikkel 14Lepinguosalised tunnustavad nõukogu 24. septembri 1996. aasta direktiivis 96/61/EÜ (saastuse kompleksse vältimise ja kontrolli kohta) sätestatud eeskirjade tähtsust. Lepinguosalised püüavad kõnealust direktiivi rakendada.Artikkel 15Pärast käesoleva lepingu jõustumist peab uute elektrijaamade ehitamine ja töö olema kooskõlas keskkonda käsitleva acquis communautaire'iga.Artikkel 16Käesoleva lepingu tähenduses on keskkonda käsitlev acquis communautaire': i) nõukogu 27. juuni 1985. aasta direktiiv 85/337/EMÜ teatavate riiklike ja eraprojektide keskkonnamõju hindamise kohta, mida on muudetud nõukogu 3. märtsi 1997. aasta direktiiviga 97/11/EÜ ning Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. mai 2003. aasta direktiiviga 2003/35/EÜ, ii) nõukogu 26. aprilli 1999. aasta direktiiv 1999/32/EÜ, mis käsitleb väävlisisalduse vähendamist teatavates vedelkütustes ja millega muudetakse direktiivi 93/12/EMÜ, iii) Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 23. oktoobri 2001. aasta direktiiv 2001/80/EÜ teatavate suurtest põletusseadmetest õhku eralduvate saasteainete piiramise kohta ja iv) nõukogu 2. aprilli 1979. aasta direktiivi 79/409/EMÜ (loodusliku linnustiku kaitse kohta) artikli 4 lõige 2.Artikkel 17Käesoleva peatüki sätteid ja käesoleva peatüki alusel võetud meetmeid kohaldatakse ainult võrguenergia suhtes.IV PEATÜKKKonkurentsi käsitlev acquis'Artikkel 181. Järgmine on kokkusobimatu käesoleva lepingu täitmisega niivõrd, kuivõrd see võib mõjutada lepinguosaliste vahelist võrguenergiakaubandust:a) kõik sellised ettevõtjatevahelised kokkulepped, ettevõtjate ühenduste otsused ja kooskõlastatud tegevus, mille eesmärgiks või tagajärjeks on takistada, piirata või moonutada konkurentsi,b) turgu valitseva seisundi kuritarvitamine lepinguosaliste turul või selle olulisel osal ühe või mitme ettevõtja poolt,c) riigiabi, mis moonutab või ähvardab moonutada konkurentsi, soodustades teatavaid ettevõtjaid või teatavaid energiaressursse.2. Igasugust käesoleva artikli sätetega vastuolus olevat tegevust hinnatakse Euroopa Ühenduse asutamislepingu artiklite 81, 82 ja 87 normide (esitatud III lisas) kohaldamisest tulenevate kriteeriumide põhjal.Artikkel 19Riigi osalusega äriühingute ja selliste ettevõtjate puhul, kellele on antud eri- või ainuõigusi, tagavad lepinguosalised, et alates kuuendast kuust pärast käesoleva lepingu jõustumist peetakse kinni Euroopa Ühenduse asutamislepingu, eeskätt selle artikli 86 lõigete 1 ja 2 põhimõtetest (esitatud III lisas).V PEATÜKKTaastuvaid energiaallikaid käsitlev acquis'Artikkel 20Lepinguosalised esitavad Euroopa Komisjonile käesoleva lepingu jõustumisest ühe aasta jooksul Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 27. septembri 2001. aasta direktiivi 2001/77/EÜ (taastuvatest energiaallikatest toodetud elektrienergia kasutamise edendamise kohta elektrienergia siseturul) ning Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 8. mai 2003. aasta direktiivi 2003/30/EÜ, millega edendatakse biokütuste ja muude taastuvkütuste kasutamist transpordisektoris, rakendamise kava. Euroopa Komisjon esitab lepinguosaliste kava ministrite nõukogule vastuvõtmiseks.VI PEATÜKKEuroopa Ühenduse üldiselt kohaldatavate standardite järgimineArtikkel 21Ühe aasta jooksul alates käesoleva lepingu jõustumise kuupäevast koostab sekretariaat Euroopa Ühenduse üldiselt kohaldatavate standardite nimekirja, mis esitatakse vastuvõtmiseks ministrite nõukogule.Artikkel 22Lepinguosalised võtavad ühe aasta jooksul alates kõnealuse nimekirja vastuvõtmisest vastu arengukavad, et viia oma võrguenergiasektorid vastavusse Euroopa Ühenduse üldiselt kohaldatavate standarditega.Artikkel 23Euroopa Ühenduse üldiselt kohaldatavad standardid hõlmavad kõiki Euroopa Ühenduses kohaldatavaid ja võrgusüsteemide ohutuks ja tõhusaks toimimiseks, sealhulgas edastamise, piiriüleste ühenduste, modulatsiooni aspektid, vajalikke tehniliste süsteemide standardeid ja üldisi tehniliste süsteemide turvalisusstandardeid, mis on välja antud kas Euroopa Standardikomitee (CEN), Euroopa Elektrotehnika Standardikomitee (CENELEC) ja teiste samalaadsete standardiasutuste vahendusel või mille on ühiste reeglite ja äritavade kinnitamiseks välja andnud Elektrienergia Edastuse Koordineerimise Liit (UCTE) ja Euroopa Energiakaubanduse Soodustamise Assotsiatsioon (EASEE-gas).VII PEATÜKKAcquis' kohandamine ja edasiarendamineArtikkel 24Käesoleva jaotise rakendamiseks võtab energiaühendus vastu käesolevas jaotises kirjeldatud acquis communautaire'i kohandavad meetmed, võttes arvesse nii käesoleva lepingu institutsioonilist raamistikku kui ka iga lepinguosalise eriolukorda.Artikkel 25Energiaühendus võib kooskõlas Euroopa Ühenduse õiguse arenguga võtta meetmeid käesolevas jaotises kirjeldatud acquis communautaire'i muudatuste rakendamiseks.III JAOTISVÕRGUENERGIATURGUDE TOIMIMISE MEHHANISMI PEATÜKKGeograafiline ulatusArtikkel 26Käesoleva jaotise sätteid ja nende alusel võetud meetmeid kohaldatakse ühinevate lepinguosaliste territooriumide, ÜRO ajutise missiooni Kosovos jurisdiktsiooni alla kuuluva territooriumi ja artiklis 27 nimetatud Euroopa Ühenduse territooriumi suhtes.Artikkel 27Euroopa Ühenduses kohaldatakse käesoleva jaotise sätteid ja nende alusel võetud meetmeid Austria Vabariigi, Itaalia Vabariigi, Kreeka Vabariigi, Sloveenia Vabariigi ja Ungari Vabariigi territooriumi suhtes. Kui mõni ühinev lepinguosaline ühineb Euroopa Liiduga, kohaldatakse käesoleva jaotise sätteid ja nende alusel võetud meetmeid ilma täiendavate formaalsusteta ka selle uue liikmesriigi territooriumi suhtes.II PEATÜKKVõrguenergia kaugedastuse mehhanismArtikkel 28Energiaühendus võtab täiendavaid meetmeid, et luua ühtne mehhanism võrguenergia piiriüleseks ülekandeks ja/või edastamiseks.III PEATÜKKVarustuskindlusArtikkel 29Lepinguosalised võtavad ühe aasta jooksul alates käesoleva lepingu jõustumisest vastu varustuskindluse aruanded, milles kirjeldatakse eelkõige tarnete mitmekesisust, tehnoloogilist turvalisust ja imporditud kütuste geograafilist päritolu. Aruanded edastatakse sekretariaadile ja need on kõigile käesoleva lepingu osalistele kättesaadavad. Neid uuendatakse iga kahe aasta järel. Sekretariaat juhendab ja aitab aruannetega seotud küsimustes.Artikkel 30Artiklis 29 ei viidata vajadusele muuta energiapoliitikat või energiaostutavasid.IV PEATÜKKElanike varustamine energiagaArtikkel 31Energiaühenduse eesmärgiks on kõigi elanike kõrgetasemeline varustamine võrguenergiaga energeetikat käsitlevas acquis communautaire'is sisalduvate avalike teenuste osutamise kohustuste raames.Artikkel 32Sel eesmärgil võib energiaühendus võtta meetmeid, et:a) võimaldada laiaulatuslik elektrienergiaga varustamine;b) edendada tõhusaid nõudluse juhtimise strateegiaid;c) tagada aus konkurents.Artikkel 33Energiaühendus võib samuti anda soovitusi lepinguosaliste võrguenergiasektori tõhusaks reformimiseks, sealhulgas tõsta kõikide klientide elektrienergia eest maksmise taset ja edendada võrguenergia hindade tarbijatele vastuvõetavamaks muutmist.V PEATÜKKÜhtlustamineArtikkel 34Energiaühendus võib võtta meetmeid seoses võrguenergiaturgude toimimise mudelite ühilduvusega ja lubade vastastikuse tunnustamisega ning meetmetega võrguenergiaettevõtete vaba asutamise edendamiseks.VI PEATÜKKTaastuvad energiaallikad ja energiatõhususArtikkel 35Energiaühendus võib võtta meetmeid, et edendada arengut taastuvate energiaallikate ja energiatõhususe valdkonnas, võttes arvesse nende eeliseid varustuskindluse, keskkonnakaitse, sotsiaalse ühtekuuluvuse ja piirkondliku arengu osas.VII PEATÜKKKaitsemeetmedArtikkel 36Kui ühineva lepinguosalise, ÜRO ajutise missiooni Kosovos jurisdiktsiooni alla kuuluva territooriumi või artiklis 27 nimetatud Euroopa Ühenduse territooriumi võrguenergiaturul tekib ootamatu kriis, kus inimeste füüsiline ohutus ja turvalisus või võrguenergiaseadmete või rajatiste või võrgu terviklus kõnealusel territooriumil on ohus, võib asjaomane lepinguosaline ajutiselt võtta vajalikke kaitsemeetmeid.Artikkel 37Kõnealused kaitsemeetmed peavad võimalikult vähe häirima lepinguosaliste võrguenergiaturu toimimist ega tohi olla laiema ulatusega, kui on vältimatult vaja ootamatult tekkinud raskuste ületamiseks. Nad ei tohi moonutada konkurentsi ega kahjustada kauplemist viisil, mis on vastuolus ühiste huvidega.Artikkel 38Asjaomane lepinguosaline teavitab nendest kaitsemeetmetest viivitamatult sekretariaati, kes teavitab sellest kohe teisi lepinguosalisi.Artikkel 39Energiaühendus võib otsustada, et asjaomase lepinguosalise võetud kaitsemeetmed ei ole kooskõlas käesoleva peatüki sätetega ja nõuda lepinguosaliselt nende kaitsemeetmete lõpetamist või muutmist.IV JAOTISÜHTSE ENERGIATURU LOOMINEI PEATÜKKGeograafiline ulatusArtikkel 40Käesoleva jaotise sätteid ja nende alusel võetud meetmeid kohaldatakse territooriumide suhtes, kus kohaldatakse Euroopa Ühenduse asutamislepingut selles asutamislepingus sätestatud tingimustel, ning ühinevate lepinguosaliste territooriumide ja ÜRO ajutise missiooni Kosovos jurisdiktsiooni alla kuuluva territooriumi suhtes.II PEATÜKKEnergia siseturgArtikkel 411. Lepinguosaliste vahel keelatakse tollimaksude ja koguseliste piirangute ning kõikide samaväärse toimega meetmete rakendamine võrguenergia impordile ja ekspordile. See keeld kehtib ka fiskaalsete tollimaksude kohta.2. Lõige 1 ei välista koguselisi piiranguid või samaväärse toimega meetmeid, mis on õigustatud avaliku korra või julgeoleku; inimeste, taimede või loomade elu ja tervise või tööstus- ja kaubandusomandi kaitse seisukohalt. Sellised piirangud või meetmed ei või siiski olla meelevaldse diskrimineerimise vahendiks ega piirata varjatult lepinguosaliste vahelist kaubandust.Artikkel 421. Energiaühendus võib võtta meetmeid ühtse sisepiirideta võrguenergiaturu loomiseks.2. Lõiget 1 ei kohaldata fiskaalmeetmete, isikute vaba liikumise ega töövõtjate õiguste ja huvidega seotud meetmete suhtes.III PEATÜKKEnergiasektori väliskaubanduspoliitikaArtikkel 43Energiaühendus võib võtta meetmeid, mis on vajalikud võrguenergia impordi ja ekspordi reguleerimiseks kaubanduses kolmandate riikidega, et tagada põhiliste keskkonnastandardite suhtes samaväärne juurdepääs kolmandate riikide turule ja kolmandate riikide turult või et tagada energia siseturu ohutu toimimine.IV PEATÜKKVastastikune abi häirete korralArtikkel 44Kui ühel lepinguosalisel esinevad võrguenergiaga varustamises häired, mis puudutavad ka teist lepinguosalist või kolmandat riiki, püüavad lepinguosalised leida kiire lahenduse kooskõlas käesoleva peatüki sätetega.Artikkel 45Häirest otseselt mõjutatud lepinguosalise nõudmisel tuleb ministrite nõukogu kokku. Ministrite nõukogu võib seoses häirega võtta vajalikke meetmeid.Artikkel 46Ministrite nõukogu võtab ühe aasta jooksul pärast käesoleva lepingu jõustumist käesoleva peatükiga ette nähtud vastastikuse abi korraldamiseks vastu menetlusdokumendi, millega võidakse alalisele kõrgetasemelisele töörühmale anda volitused ajutiste meetmete võtmiseks.V JAOTISENERGIAÜHENDUSE INSTITUTSIOONIDI PEATÜKKMinistrite nõukoguArtikkel 47Ministrite nõukogu tagab käesolevas lepingus sätestatud eesmärkide saavutamise. Ministrite nõukogu:a) annab majanduspoliitilised üldsuunised,b) võtab meetmeid;c) võtab vastu menetlusdokumente, millega võidakse täpselt kindlaks määratud tingimustel delegeerida kõrgetasemelisele töörühmale, regulatiivkomiteele või sekretariaadile kindlad ülesanded, volitused ja kohustused energiaühenduse poliitika teostamiseks.Artikkel 48Ministrite nõukogu koosneb iga lepinguosalise ühest esindajast ja kahest Euroopa Ühenduse esindajast. Ministrite nõukogu istungitel võib osaleda iga osavõtja üks hääleõiguseta esindaja.Artikkel 49Ministrite nõukogu võtab menetlusdokumendiga vastu oma töökorra.Artikkel 50Eesistumist täidavad kõik lepinguosalised kordamööda kuuekuulise tähtaja jooksul järjekorras, mis on kindlaks määratud ministrite nõukogu menetlusdokumendiga. Eesistuja kutsub ministrite nõukogu kokku tema poolt määratud kohas. Ministrite nõukogu tuleb kokku vähemalt üks kord poole aasta jooksul. Istungid valmistab ette sekretariaat.Artikkel 51Ministrite nõukogu juhatab eesistuja ja teda abistavad selles aseesimeestena üks Euroopa Ühenduse esindaja ja üks järgmise eesistuja esindaja. Eesistuja ja kaks aseesimeest valmistavad ette päevakorra eelnõu.Artikkel 52Ministrite nõukogu esitab Euroopa Parlamendile ning ühinevate lepinguosaliste ja teiste osavõtjate parlamentidele aastaaruande energiaühenduse tegevuse kohta.II PEATÜKKAlaline kõrgetasemeline töörühmArtikkel 53Alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühma) valmistab ette ministrite nõukogu töö;b) kiidab heaks rahvusvaheliste rahastavate organisatsioonide, rahvusvaheliste finantsinstitutsioonide ja kahepoolsete rahastajate tehnilise abi taotlused;c) annab ministrite nõukogule aru käesoleva lepingu eesmärkide saavutamisel tehtud edusammudest;d) võtab ministrite nõukogu volitusel meetmeid;e) võtab vastu menetlusdokumente, välja arvatud need, millega delegeeritakse ülesandeid, volitusi või kohustusi teistele energiaühenduse institutsioonidele;f) arutab I ja II jaotises kirjeldatud acquis communautaire'i arengut Euroopa Komisjoni regulaarselt esitatava aruande alusel.Artikkel 54Alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm koosneb iga lepinguosalise ühest esindajast ja kahest Euroopa Ühenduse esindajast. Alalise kõrgetasemelise töörühma istungitel võib osaleda iga osavõtja üks hääleõiguseta esindaja.Artikkel 55Alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm võtab menetlusdokumendiga vastu oma töökorra.Artikkel 56Eesistuja kutsub alalise kõrgetasemelise töörühma kokku tema poolt määratud kohas. Istungid valmistab ette sekretariaat.Artikkel 57Eesistuja juhatab alalist kõrgetasemelist töörühma ja teda abistavad selles aseesimeestena üks Euroopa Ühenduse esindaja ja üks järgmise eesistuja esindaja. Eesistuja ja kaks aseesimeest valmistavad ette päevakorra eelnõu.III PEATÜKKRegulatiivkomiteeArtikkel 58Regulatiivkomitee:a) nõustab ministrite nõukogu ja alalist kõrgetasemelist töörühma õiguslike, tehniliste ja regulatiivsete eeskirjadega seotud küsimustes;b) annab soovitusi piiriüleste vaidluste korral kahe või enama reguleeriva asutuse vahel, kui üks neist seda taotleb;c) võtab ministrite nõukogu volitusel meetmeid;d) võtab vastu menetlusdokumente.Artikkel 59Regulatiivkomitee koosneb vastavalt energeetikat käsitleva acquis communautaire'i asjaomastele osadele iga lepinguosalise energiaturu reguleeriva asutuse ühest esindajast. Euroopa Ühendust esindab Euroopa Komisjon, mida abistab iga lepinguosalise üks reguleeriv asutus ja üks esindaja Elektri- ja Gaasisektori Euroopa Reguleerivate Asutuste töörühmast (ERGEG). Kui lepinguosalisel või osavõtjal on üks reguleeriv asutus gaasi ja üks reguleeriv asutus elektrienergia jaoks, määrab lepinguosaline või osavõtja päevakorra alusel kindlaks, milline reguleeriv astutus regulatiivkomitee istungil osaleb.Artikkel 60Regulatiivkomitee võtab menetlusdokumendiga vastu oma töökorra.Artikkel 61Regulatiivkomitee valib enda määratud tähtajaks eesistuja. Euroopa Komisjon täidab aseesimehe ülesandeid. Eesistuja ja aseesimees valmistavad ette päevakorra eelnõu.Artikkel 62Regulatiivkomitee istungid toimuvad Ateenas.IV PEATÜKKFoorumidArtikkel 63Energiaühendust nõustavad kaks foorumit, mis koosnevad kõigi huvirühmade esindajatest, kaasa arvatud tööstus, reguleerivad asutused, tööstuse ja tarbijate esindajad.Artikkel 64Foorumi eesistujaks on Euroopa Ühenduse esindaja.Artikkel 65Foorumite järeldused võetakse vastu ühehäälselt. Need edastatakse alalisele kõrgetasemelisele töörühmale.Artikkel 66Elektrifoorumi istungid toimuvad Ateenas. Gaasifoorumi istungite toimumiskoht määratakse kindlaks ministrite nõukogu menetlusdokumendiga.V PEATÜKKSekretariaatArtikkel 67Sekretariaat:a) toetab ministrite nõukogu, alalise kõrgetasemelise töörühma, regulatiivkomitee ja foorumite haldamist;b) kontrollib, kas lepinguosalised täidavad nõuetekohaselt käesoleva lepinguga võetud kohustusi ning esitab ministrite nõukogule iga-aastasi arenguaruanded;c) aitab Euroopa Komisjoni rahastajate tegevuse koordineerimisel ühinevate lepinguosaliste territooriumidel ja ÜRO ajutise missiooni Kosovos jurisdiktsiooni alla kuuluval territooriumil ning kontrollib seda ja toetab rahastajate haldamist;d) täidab teisi talle käesoleva lepingu või ministrite nõukogu menetlusdokumendiga pandud ülesandeid, välja arvatud meetmete võtmise õigus, jae) võtab vastu menetlusdokumente.Artikkel 68Sekretariaat koosneb direktorist ja energiaühenduse vajadustele vastavast töötajaskonnast.Artikkel 69Sekretariaadi direktori nimetab ametisse ministrite nõukogu menetlusdokumendiga. Ministrite nõukogu määrab menetlusdokumendiga kindlaks töölevõtmise eeskirjad, töötingimused ja sekretariaadi töötajaskonna geograafilise tasakaalu. Töötajad valib välja ja võtab tööle direktor.Artikkel 70Direktor ja töötajad ei tohi oma kohustuste täitmisel küsida ega vastu võtta juhiseid üheltki käesoleva lepingu osaliselt. Nad peavad tegutsema erapooletult ja toetama energiaühenduse huve.Artikkel 71Sekretariaadi direktor või määratud asetäitja abistavad ministrite nõukogu, alalist kõrgetasemelist töörühma, regulatiivkomiteed ja foorumeid.Artikkel 72Sekretariaadi asukoht on Viinis.VI PEATÜKKEelarveArtikkel 73Kõik lepinguosalised teevad vastavalt IV lisale osamakseid energiaühenduse eelarvesse. Osamaksete suuruse võib iga viie aasta tagant läbi vaadata lepinguosalise poolt ministrite nõukogu menetlusdokumendi kaudu esitatud nõudmisel.Artikkel 74Ministrite nõukogu võtab menetlusdokumendiga iga kahe aasta järel vastu energiaühenduse eelarve. Eelarve katab energiaühenduse institutsioonide toimimiseks vajalikud tegevuskulud. Iga institutsiooni kulud märgitakse eelarve erinevasse osasse. Ministrite nõukogu võtab vastu menetlusdokumendi, milles täpsustatakse eelarve rakendamise ning raamatupidamisarvestuse esitamise, auditeerimise ja kontrollimise menetlust.Artikkel 75Sekretariaadi direktor täidab eelarvet vastavalt artikli 74 kohaselt vastu võetud menetlusdokumendile ning annab kord aastas ministrite nõukogule eelarve täitmise kohta aru. Ministrite nõukogu võib vajaduse korral võtta menetlusdokumendi abil otsuse anda sõltumatutele audiitoritele ülesanne kontrollida eelarve nõuetekohast täitmist.VI JAOTISOTSUSTAMISPROTSESSI PEATÜKKÜldsättedArtikkel 76Meetmed võivad olla otsuse või soovituse kujul.Otsus on tervikuna siduv nende suhtes, kellele see on adresseeritud.Soovitused ei ole siduvad. Lepinguosalised annavad endast parima soovituste täitmiseks.Artikkel 77Kui artiklis 80 ei ole sätestatud teisiti, on igal lepinguosalisel üks hääl.Artikkel 78Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee võivad tegutseda üksnes siis, kui esindatud on kaks kolmandikku lepinguosalistest. Kohalolevate lepinguosaliste hääletamata jätmist ei loeta häälte andmiseks.II PEATÜKKII jaotise alusel võetavad meetmedArtikkel 79Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee võtavad Euroopa Komisjoni ettepanekul II jaotise alusel meetmeid. Euroopa Komisjon võib oma ettepanekut meetme vastuvõtmise menetluse jooksul igal ajal muuta või selle tagasi võtta.Artikkel 80Igal lepinguosalisel on üks hääl.Artikkel 81Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee teeb otsused lihthäälteenamusega.III PEATÜKKIII jaotise alusel võetavad meetmedArtikkel 82Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee võtavad ühe lepinguosalise või sekretariaadi ettepanekul III jaotise alusel meetmeid.Artikkel 83Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee teeb otsused kahekolmandikulise häälteenamusega, kaasa arvatud Euroopa Ühenduse poolthääl.IV PEATÜKKIV jaotise alusel võetavad meetmedArtikkel 84Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm või regulatiivkomitee võtavad lepinguosalise ettepanekul IV jaotise alusel meetmeid.Artikkel 85Ministrite nõukogu, alaline kõrgetasemeline töörühm ja regulatiivkomitee võtavad meetmeid ühehäälselt.V PEATÜKKMenetlusdokumendidArtikkel 86Menetlusdokumentidega reguleeritakse energiaühenduse organisatsioonilisi, eelarvelisi ja läbipaistvuse küsimusi, sealhulgas volituste delegeerimine ministrite nõukogult alalisele kõrgetasemelisele töörühmale, reguleerivale komiteele või sekretariaadile, ning need on siduvad energiaühenduse institutsioonidele ja ka lepinguosalistele, kui menetlusdokumendiga on nii sätestatud.Artikkel 87Kui artiklis 88 pole ette nähtud teisiti, võetakse menetlusdokumendid vastu kooskõlas käesoleva jaotise III peatükis sätestatud otsustusprotsessiga.Artikkel 88Artikliga 69 ette nähtud menetlusdokument sekretariaadi direktori nimetamiseks võetakse vastu lihthäälteenamusega Euroopa Komisjoni ettepanekul. Artiklitega 73 ja 74 ette nähtud eelarvelisi küsimusi käsitlevad menetlusdokumendid võetakse vastu ühehäälselt Euroopa Komisjoni ettepanekul. Artikli 47 punktiga c ette nähtud menetlusdokumendid regulatiivkomitee volituste delegeerimiseks võetakse vastu ühehäälselt lepinguosalise või sekretariaadi ettepanekul.VII JAOTISOTSUSTE RAKENDAMINE JA VAIDLUSTE LAHENDAMINEArtikkel 89Lepinguosalised rakendavad neile adresseeritud otsused siseriiklikku õigussüsteemi otsuses nimetatud tähtaja jooksul.Artikkel 901. Kui lepinguosaline ei suuda täita lepingust tulenevaid kohustusi või rakendada talle adresseeritud otsust nõutud tähtaja jooksul, võib lepinguosalise, sekretariaadi, või regulatiivkomitee põhjendatud nõudmisel sellest ministrite nõukogu teavitada. Eraõiguslikud isikud võivad kaebustega sekretariaadi poole pöörduda.2. Asjaomane lepinguosaline võib sellise nõudmise või kaebuse kohta märkusi esitada.Artikkel 911. Ministrite nõukogu võib tuvastada, et lepinguosaline ei täida oma kohustusi. Ministrite nõukogu teeb otsuse:a) lihthäälteenamusega, kui rikutakse II jaotise sätteid;b) kahekolmandikulise häälteenamusega, kui rikutakse III jaotise sätteid;c) ühehäälselt, kui rikutakse IV jaotise sätteid.2. Ministrite nõukogu võib käesoleva artikli alusel vastu võetud otsuse hiljem lihthäälteenamusega tühistada.Artikkel 921. Lepinguosalise, sekretariaadi või regulatiivkomitee nõudmisel võib ministrite nõukogu ühehäälselt määrata, et lepinguosaline ei täida tõsiselt ja jätkuvalt käesoleva lepinguga võetud kohustusi ning võib peatada teatavad õigused, mis tulenevad käesoleva lepingu kohaldamisest kõnealuse lepinguosalise suhtes, sealhulgas hääletusõiguste ja istungitest osavõtmise õiguse peatamine või väljajätmine käesoleva lepinguga ettenähtud mehhanismidest.2. Ministrite nõukogu võib käesoleva artikli alusel tehtud otsused hiljem lihthäälteenamusega tühistada.Artikkel 93Artiklites 91 ja 92 nimetatud otsuste vastuvõtmisel teeb ministrite nõukogu otsuse asjaomase lepinguosalise esindaja häält arvestamata.VIII JAOTISTÕLGENDAMINEArtikkel 94Institutsioonid tõlgendavad käesolevas lepingus kasutatud Euroopa Ühenduse õigusest tulenevaid määratlusi või teisi mõisteid kooskõlas Euroopa Kohtu või Euroopa Ühenduste esimese astme kohtu pretsedendiõigusega. Kui nimetatud kohtute tõlgendused pole kättesaadavad, annab ministrite nõukogu juhised käesoleva lepingu tõlgendamiseks. Ministrite nõukogu võib selle ülesande delegeerida alalisele kõrgetasemelisele töörühmale. Need juhised ei piira hilisemat acquis communautaire'i tõlgendamist Euroopa Kohtu või esimese astme kohtu poolt.IX JAOTISOSAVÕTJAD JA VAATLEJADArtikkel 95Ministrite nõukogu taotlusel võib iga Euroopa Liidu liikmesriik olla artiklites 48, 54 ja 59 sätestatud tingimustel esindatud osavõtjana ministrite nõukogus, alalises kõrgetasemelises töörühmas ja regulatiivkomitees ning osa võtta ministrite nõukogu, alalise kõrgetasemelise töörühma, regulatiivkomitee ja foorumite aruteludest.Artikkel 961. Ministrite nõukogu võib naabruses asuva kolmanda riigi põhjendatud taotluse korral ühehäälselt lubada sellel riigil osaleda vaatlejana. Kuus kuud enne käesoleva lepingu jõustumise kuupäeva ministrite nõukogule esitatud taotluse alusel lubatakse Moldoval osaleda vaatlejana.2. Vaatlejad võivad aruteludes osalemata osa võtta ministrite nõukogu, alalise kõrgetasemelise töörühma, regulatiivkomitee, sekretariaadi ja foorumite istungitest.X JAOTISLEPINGU KESTUSArtikkel 97Käesolev leping sõlmitakse kümneks aastaks alates lepingu jõustumise kuupäevast. Ministrite nõukogu võib ühehäälselt otsustada lepingu kestust pikendada. Kui sellist otsust vastu ei võeta, võib lepingu kohaldamist jätkata lepingu pikendamise poolt hääletanud lepinguosaliste suhtes tingimusel, et nende arv moodustab vähemalt kaks kolmandikku energiaühenduse lepinguosalistest.Artikkel 98Iga lepinguosaline võib käesolevast lepingust välja astuda, teatades sellest sekretariaadile kuus kuud ette.Artikkel 99Ühineva lepinguosalise ühinemisel Euroopa Ühendusega saab sellest lepinguosalisest osavõtja vastavalt artiklile 95.XI JAOTISLEPINGU MUUTMINE JA SELLEGA LIITUMINEArtikkel 100Ministrite nõukogu võib liikmete ühehäälse otsusega:i) muuta I–VII jaotise sätteid;ii) otsustada rakendada teisi võrguenergiat käsitleva acquis communautaire'i osi;iii) laiendada käesolevat lepingut teistele energiatoodetele ja -kandjatele või olulistele võrguinfrastruktuuridele;iv) kiita heaks uue lepinguosalise liitumise energiaühendusega.XII JAOTISLÕPP- JA ÜLEMINEKUSÄTTEDArtikkel 101Piiramata artiklite 102 ja 103 kohaldamist, ei mõjuta käesoleva lepingu sätted lepinguosalise nendest kokkulepetest tulenevaid õigusi ja kohustusi, mis on sõlmitud enne käesoleva lepingu allkirjastamist. Kui need kokkulepped on käesoleva lepinguga vastuolus, võtab asjaomane lepinguosaline kõik vajalikud meetmed tuvastatud vastuolude kõrvaldamiseks hiljemalt ühe aasta jooksul pärast käesoleva lepingu jõustumist.Artikkel 102Ükski käesolevast lepingust tulenev kohustus ei piira lepinguosaliste Maailma Kaubandusorganisatsiooni asutamislepingust tulenevaid kehtivaid juriidilisi kohustusi.Artikkel 103Käesolev leping ei mõjuta ühelt poolt Euroopa Ühenduse ja selle liikmesriikide ning teiselt poolt lepinguosalise vahelisest kokkuleppest tulenevaid kohustusi. Käesolev leping ei mõjuta Euroopa Liiduga ühinemise üle peetud läbirääkimiste raames võetud kohustusi.Artikkel 104Kuni artiklis 50 nimetatud menetlusdokumendi vastuvõtmiseni on eesistumise järjekord määratletud 2003. aasta Ateena vastastikuse mõistmise memorandumiga. [3]Artikkel 105Lepinguosalised kiidavad käesoleva lepingu heaks kooskõlas oma siseriiklike menetlustega.Käesolev leping jõustub järgmise kuu esimesel päeval pärast seda, kui Euroopa Ühendus ja kuus lepinguosalist on teatanud lepingu jõustamiseks vajalike menetluste lõpuleviimisest.Teade selle kohta saadetakse Euroopa Liidu Nõukogu peasekretärile, kes on käesoleva lepingu hoiulevõtja.SELLE KINNITUSEKS on täievolilised esindajad käesolevale lepingule alla kirjutanud.Koostatud Ateenas kahekumne viiendal oktoobril kahe tuhande viiendal aastal.[1] Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. juuni 2003. aasta direktiiv 2003/54/EÜ, mis käsitleb elektrienergia siseturu ühiseeskirju, Euroopa Liidu Teataja L 176, 15. juuli 2003, lk 37–56, ja Euroopa Parlamendi ja nõukogu 26. juuni 2003. aasta direktiiv 2003/55/EÜ maagaasi siseturu ühiseeskirjade kohta, Euroopa Liidu Teataja L 176, 15. juuli 2003, lk 57–78.[2] Euroopa Liidu Teataja L 176, 15. juuli 2003, lk 1–10.[3] Vastastikuse mõistmise memorandum Kagu-Euroopa piirkondliku energiaturu ja selle Euroopa Ühenduse energia siseturule integreerimise kohta, alla kirjutatud Ateenas 8. detsembril 2003.--------------------------------------------------


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Prstencová hmlovina (tiež známa ako M57, Messierov objekt 57 alebo NGC 6720) je jedna z najznámejších planetárnych hmlovín. Leží v súhvezdí Lýra. Na oblohe sa nachádza asi v polovičnej uhlovej vzdialenosti medzi hviezdami beta Lyrae (Sheliak) a gama Lyrae (Sulafat).
 Všeobecné informácie
 Patrí medzi najznámejšie a najlepšie rozoznateľné príklady planetárnej hmloviny. Je vzdialená okolo 2 300 svetelných rokov od Zeme (alebo 0,7 kpc) a objavil ju Antoine Darquier de Pellepoix v roku 1779.
 Je pomerne jasná (zhruba 9 magnitúd) a možno ju uvidieť aj v menšom ďalekohľade s priemerom objektívu 8 cm. Na rozoznanie tvaru prstenca však potrebujeme minimálne 15-centimetrový ďalekohľad. Z rozloženia prachových zhustnutí okolo žiariaceho prstenca usudzujeme, že hmlovina nemá tvar gule ale valca, do ktorého zo Zeme hľadíme priamo zhora. Jej jednoduchý vzhľad je teda spôsobený len perspektívou. Tento valcovitý oblak plynu vyvrhla umierajúca hviezda, ktorej skolabované jadro doteraz žiari v centre hmloviny ako biely trpaslík jasnosti 14 - 15 magnitúd. Neuvidíme ho však menším ako 30-centimetrovým ďalekohľadom.
 Modrý horúci plyn v blízkosti centrálnej hviezdy ustupuje vo väčších vzdialenostiach chladnejšiemu zelenému ionizovanému kyslíku. Na samom okraji je najchladnejší červený vodík. Hmlovina sa rozpína rýchlosťou asi 19 km/s. Rozpínanie sa začalo asi pred 6 000 až 20 000 rokmi. Jej priemer je 0,75 svetelného roka. Tvarom podobná je aj Južná prstencová hmlovina, známa aj pod názvom Osmičková hmlovina.
 Pozri aj
 Zoznam Messierových objektov
 Iné projekty
 Planetárne hmloviny
 Messierove objekty
 Súhvezdie Lýra
 Astronomické objekty objavené v roku 1779


type: legislation

text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 52000PC0623
 Förslag till rådets förordning om ett års förlängning av finansieringen av vissa planer för förbättrad kvalitet och saluföring vilka godkänts enligt avdelning IIa i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 /* KOM/2000/0623 slutlig - ACC 2000/0252 */
 Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning nr 240 E , 28/08/2001 s. 0044 - 0045
 Förslag till RÅDETS FÖRORDNING om ett års förlängning av finansieringen av vissa planer för förbättrad kvalitet och saluföring vilka godkänts enligt avdelning IIa i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72(framlagt av kommissionen)MOTIVERINGÅr 1989 infördes genom förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 (avdelning IIa) särskilda åtgärder inom nötsektorn för att kompensera bristande möjligheter vad gäller produktion och saluföring. Åtgärderna omfattar fem produkter: mandlar, hasselnötter, valnötter, pistaschmandlar och johannesbröd.Den viktigaste åtgärden är att finansiera 10-åriga planer som producentorganisationer föreslår för att förbättra kvalitet och saluföring. Planerna berättigar till offentliga bidrag på 55 % (varav 45 % från EU och 10 % från medlemsstaten), med ett angivet maximibelopp per hektar. Åtgärdsfinansieringen skall vara tillfällig och det maximala bidraget skall gradvis sänkas.Åtgärderna upphävdes genom förordning (EG) nr 2200/96. Befintliga planer får dock pågå till slutdatum. Den sista upphör att gälla år 2006.EU:s utgifter för dessa särskilda åtgärder var under perioden 1990-1999 725 miljoner EUR. Utgifterna för de planer som inte har upphört att gälla är för perioden 2000-2006 budgeterade till ytterligare 250 miljoner EUR.Ett antal planer upphörde att gälla år 2000.EU:s produktion av nötter via producentorganisationer berättigar (oavsett gällande planer enligt ovan) till ytterligare stödåtgärder:- driftsfondsordningen enligt förordning (EG) nr 2200/96 (generell stödordning för frukt och grönsaker),- strukturåtgärder enligt förordning (EG) nr 1257/1999 (planer för landsbygdsutveckling).Erfarenheten har dock visat att åtgärderna antingen inte har kunnat tillämpas eller har varit olämpliga som kortsiktigt stöd för nötarealer. Detta gäller de planer som upphör att gälla och inte berättigar till ytterligare stöd inom ramen för budgeten för 2001.Som en konsekvens av detta anmodade rådet den 17 juli kommissionen att föreslå att inom budgeten för 2001 betalningarna fortsätter till nötodlare, inom ramen för de program som annars skulle upphört att gälla år 2000.Mot denna bakgrund föreslås i detta utkast- att producentorganisationer vars planer upphör att gälla år 2000 får begära fortsatt stöd för upp till ett år,- att fortsatt stöd endast får begäras till och med den 15.6.2001, så att det omfattas av budgeten för år 2001,- att det offentliga bidraget inte får omfatta mer än de arealer som erhåller stöd under planens tionde år och att det högst får uppgå till 241,50 EUR per hektar.Utkastet innebär en förenkling på så sätt att det inte krävs att producentorganisationer skall inkomma med en ny, förlängd plan och att de gällande föreskrifterna i tillämpningsförordning (EEG) nr 2159/89 skall gälla i tillämpliga delar.Kommissionen kommer att följa utvecklingen inom nötsektorn, i samband med den rapport som den före utgången av år 2000 skall lägga fram om ordningen för frukt och grönsaker.Till dess utgör detta utkast en övergångslösning för de producentorganisationer vars förbättringsplaner upphör att gälla år 2000 och som inte skulle omfattas av budgeten för 2001.2000/0252 (CNS)Förslag till RÅDETS FÖRORDNING om ett års förlängning av finansieringen av vissa planer för förbättrad kvalitet och saluföring vilka godkänts enligt avdelning IIa i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72EUROPEISKA GEMENSKAPERNAS RÅD HAR ANTAGIT DENNA FÖRORDNINGmed beaktande av Fördraget om upprättandet av Europeiska gemenskapen, särskilt artikel 37 i detta,med beaktande av kommissionens förslag [1],[1] EGT C.med beaktande av Europaparlamentets yttrande [2],[2] EGT C.med beaktande av Ekonomiska och sociala kommitténs yttrande [3], och[3] EGT C.av följande skäl:(1) I avdelning IIa i rådets förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 av den 18 maj 1972, om den gemensamma organisationen av marknaden för frukt och grönsaker [4], föreskrivs olika konkreta åtgärder för att inom nötsektorn uppväga bristande möjligheter vid produktion och saluföring av vissa nötter samt johannesbröd. Stöd ges till särskilt erkända producentorganisationer som lagt fram en plan, godkänd av behörig myndighet, för att förbättra sin produktions kvalitet och saluföring.[4] EGT L 118, 20.5.1972, s. 1. Förordningen ändrades senast genom kommissionens förordning (EG) nr 1363/95 (EGT L 132, 16.6.1995, s. 8).(2) Förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 upphävdes genom rådets förordning (EG) nr 2200/96 [5]. Enligt artikel 53 i förordning (EG) nr 2200/96 skall dock rättigheter som producentorganisationer fått enligt avdelning IIa i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 vara oförändrade tills de upphör att gälla.[5] EGT L 297, 21.11.1996, s. 1. Förordningen ändrades senast genom förordning (EG) nr 1257/1999 (EGT L 160, 26.6.1999, s. 80).(3) De särskilda stöd som ges för att utforma och genomföra en plan för förbättrad kvalitet och saluföring enligt artikel 14d.2 i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 är begränsat till 10 år. Den maximala stödnivån är dessutom gradvis sjunkande för att möjliggöra att det ekonomiska ansvaret successivt övergår till producenterna.(4) Ett antal planer upphörde att gälla år 2000, sedan 10 år gått.(5) Enligt förordning (EG) nr 2200/96 skall kommissionen förelägga rådet en rapport om hur förordningen fungerar. Rapporten skall innehålla en utvärdering av de särskilda åtgärderna för nötter och johannesbröd som genomförts enligt avdelning IIa i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 och som kan medge ytterligare stödåtgärder. I väntan på detta bör de producentorganisationer vars förbättringsplaner upphör att gälla år 2000, och som fortfarande uppfyller godkännandekriterierna, få begära fortsatt stöd för sina planer inom ramen för 2001 års budget.(6) Stödberättigande inom ramen för 2001 års budget är endast ansökningar om stöd som avser arbete som utförts till och med den 15.6.2001.(7) För att förenkla förvaltningen begränsas stödet till de arealer för vilka stödansökan lämnats under planens tionde år.(8) Den ovan nämnda perioden på ett år är inte tillräcklig för att avsluta röjning, följd av nyplantering och/eller sortomställning. Det maximala stödet per hektar bör därför betalas för andra åtgärder, som närmare anges i artikel 2.1 tredje stycket och artikel 2.2 i rådets förordning (EEG) nr 790/89 [6].[6] EGT L 85, 30.3.1989, s. 6.HÄRIGENOM FÖRESKRIVS FÖLJANDE.Artikel 1Erkända producentorganisationer som producerar och saluför nötter eller johannesbröd i enlighet med artikel 14a i förordning (EEG) nr 1035/72 och vars planer för förbättrad kvalitet och saluföring godkändes under 1990 får, i enlighet med föreskrifterna i den här förordningen, begära fortsatt stöd för sina planer i ytterligare ett år.Artikel 2Stödet skall betalas för och begränsas till de arealer för vilka stödansökan gjorts för planens tionde år och får inte överstiga 241,50 EUR per hektar, i enlighet med vad som anges i artikel 2.1 tredje stycket och artikel 2.2 i förordning (EEG) nr 790/89. Detta skall gälla i högst ett år efter det att planens tionde år löpt ut men inte längre än till den 15.6.2001.Begärs enligt artikel 1 fortsatt finansiering av en plan, innebär detta att producentorganisation accepterar att tillämpa den för det tionde året godkända planen i ytterligare högst ett år.Artikel 3Tillämpningsföreskrifterna för det tionde året skall i tillämpliga delar gälla för den ytterligare period som avses i artikel 1.Vid behov skall åtgärderna godkännas i enlighet med förfarandet i artikel 46 i förordning (EG) nr 2200/96.Artikel 4Denna förordning träder i kraft den tredje dagen efter det att den har offentliggjorts i Europeiska gemenskapernas officiella tidning.Denna förordning är till alla delar bindande och direkt tillämplig i alla medlemsstater.Utfärdad i Bryssel denPå rådets vägnarOrdförande>Plats för tabell>