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 Návrh nařízení Rady kterým se mění nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, kterým se stanoví seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci musí mít při překračování vnějších hranic vízum, jakož i seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci jsou od této povinnosti osvobozeni /* KOM/2006/0084 konecném znení - CNS 2006/0022 */
 [pic] | KOMISE EVROPSKÝCH SPOLEČENSTVÍ |V Bruselu dne 13.07.2006KOM(2006) 84 v konečném znění2006/0022 (CNS)NávrhNAŘÍZENÍ RADYkterým se mění nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, kterým se stanoví seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci musí mít při překračování vnějších hranic vízum, jakož i seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci jsou od této povinnosti osvobozeni(PřEDLOžENÁ KOMISÍ)DŮVODOVÁ ZPRÁVAKomise návrhem na změnu nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001[1] naposledy pozměněného nařízením (ES) č. 851/2005[2] sleduje tyto cíle:- pravidelným přezkumem nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 zajistit, aby jeho stávající přílohy – v nichž se uvádí seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci musí mít při překračování vnějších hranic vízum (příloha I) a seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci jsou od této povinnosti osvobozeni (příloha II) – odpovídaly kritériím pátého bodu odůvodnění uvedeného nařízení, zejména pokud jde o kritéria v oblasti nedovoleného přistěhovalectví a veřejného pořádku a v této souvislosti přeřadit některé třetí země z jedné přílohy nařízení do druhé;- obě přílohy nařízení doplnit tak, aby jejich prostřednictvím byl celkově naplňován cíl vyplývající z čl. 62 odst. 2 písm. b) a i) Smlouvy, tzn. že nařízení musí zcela jednoznačně stanovit, zda musí mít státní příslušník třetí země vízum nebo zda je od této povinnosti osvobozen;- režim pro uprchlíky a osoby bez státní příslušnosti upravit tak, aby se na tyto osoby nadále vztahovala možnost osvobození od vízové povinnosti, pokud pobývají ve třetí zemi uvedené na seznamu v příloze II, ale aby se na ně vztahovalo osvobození od vízové povinnosti v plném rozsahu, pokud mají pobyt v některém členském státě;- od vízové povinnosti nově osvobodit rovněž držitele povolení pro malý pohraniční styk;- stanovit možnost od vízové povinnosti osvobodit příslušníky ozbrojených sil, kteří cestují v rámci činnosti NATO a programu Partnerství pro mír;- vyjasnit kategorie pasů, které se odlišují od běžných cestovních pasů.Případy, kdy neexistuje vzájemnost ve vízových vztazích, nespadají do tohoto návrhu na změnu nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001. Tyto případy jsou upraveny v rámci mechanismu vzájemnosti, který byl pozměněn nařízením (ES) č. 851/2005.1. Přezkum příloh nařízení:1.1. Přeřazení třetích zemí z jedné přílohy do druhé:Na zasedání Evropské rady v Seville byla poprvé zdůrazněna skutečnost, že je nezbytné přezkoumat přílohy nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001. První přezkum se projevil v nařízení (ES) č. 453/2003[3], v jehož rámci byl Ekvádor přeřazen z přílohy II do přílohy I. Komise za účelem nového pravidelného posouzení shromáždila informace, přičemž se především obracela přímo na členské státy, aby ověřila, zda stávající obsah příloh nařízení č. 539/2001 nadále odpovídá kritériím stanoveným v nařízení. Informace, které členské státy zaslaly jako odpověď na její žádost, byly prověřeny prostřednictvím jiných informací a statistik předaných v rámci CIREFI. Komise po rozboru uvedených údajů dospěla k těmto závěrům:Shromážděné informace především potvrdily silný a přetrvávající migrační tlak z Bolívie. Tento tlak se projevuje zejména vysokým počtem zamítnutí vstupu na vnějších hranicích a vyhoštění ve více členských státech. Uvedené skutečnosti nelze opomíjet ani z hlediska veřejného pořádku, neboť počet zadržení a odsouzení Bolivijců za spáchání trestného činu nebo za nedovolené přistěhovalectví rovněž narůstá. V úvahu je třeba vzít i skutečnost, že někteří státní příslušníci zemí Latinské Ameriky, na které se vztahuje vízová povinnost, se pokoušejí této povinnosti vyhnout tím, že si podvodným způsobem opatří bolivijské pasy. Na základě uvedených důvodů má Komise za to, že s ohledem na kritéria pátého bodu odůvodnění nařízení č. 539/2001 je odůvodněné navrhnout, aby Bolívie byla přeřazena z přílohy II do přílohy I.Komise zadruhé konstatovala, že nutnost vízové povinnosti pro některé státní příslušníky určitých třetích zemí není podchycena statistikami nebo jinými údaji, jež by mohly potvrdit, že dotyčné země představují riziko s ohledem na pátý bod odůvodnění nařízení č. 539/2001 a zejména s ohledem na nedovolené přistěhovalectví a na veřejný pořádek. Zachování vízové povinnosti se již nejeví jako odůvodněné z hlediska regionální soudržnosti nebo mezinárodních vztahů Unie. Komise ostatně nezohledňovala pouze připomínky států, které uplatňují nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001. Rovněž posuzovala vízovou politiku Irska, Spojeného království a Švýcarska a vyvodila z toho užitečná ponaučení, pokud jde o kritéria v oblasti nedovoleného přistěhovalectví a veřejného pořádku. Navrhuje se tedy, aby Antigua a Barbuda, Bahamy, Barbados, Mauricius, Svatý Kryštof a Nevis a Seychely byly přeřazeny z přílohy I do přílohy II. Díky této změně již kromě jiného nebudou existovat praktické potíže, se kterými se v současné době tyto země setkávají, jelikož v nich není konzulát žádného členského státu (to je případ čtyř z těchto zemí) nebo v nich je konzulát pouze jednoho členského státu (tak je tomu ve dvou dalších zemích). Počítá se s tím, že osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro státní příslušníky těchto zemí se bude uplatňovat souběžně s okamžikem, kdy vstoupí v platnost dohoda o osvobození od vízové povinnosti s dotčenou třetí zemí, čímž bude zaručeno dodržování reciprocity a osvobození od vízové povinnosti bude prospěšné pro státní příslušníky všech členských států.1.2. Stanovení vízového režimu pro určité zvláštní kategorie státních příslušníků třetích zemí:Komise zatřetí chtěla skoncovat se situací, která je v rozporu s čl. 62 odst. 2 písm. b) odrážky i) Smlouvy o ES a nařízením (ES) č. 539/2001, které bylo přijato na základě uvedeného ustanovení. Není pochyb o tom, že seznamy dotčených třetích zemí musí být úplné a musí se vztahovat na všechny státní příslušníky třetích zemí. Tento výklad vyplývá ze samotného znění článku a v případě nutnosti jej potvrzuje historický vývoj společné vízové politiky, jež byla zahájena vypracováním jediného seznamu třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci podléhali vízové povinnosti. Skutečností však je, že určité kategorie osob, které nejsou občany Unie, nejsou uvedeny ani v příloze I ani v příloze II nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001. Jedná se na jedné straně o britské státní příslušníky ze zámořských území (British Nationals Overseas) a na druhé straně o osoby, které jsou na různých úrovních „Brity“, ale podle právních předpisů Společenství nejsou považovány za státní příslušníky Spojeného království[4]. Jelikož se členské státy musejí s touto „mezerou“ v nařízení (ES) 539/2001 vypořádávat, přijaly nejrůznější řešení; v některých státech tyto osoby podléhají vízové povinnosti, v jiných jsou od ní osvobozeny. V informativním sdělení Komise o nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001[5] se odráží tato konkrétní skutečnost, která brání úplné harmonizaci, jež vyžadují právní předpisy Společenství.Komise s cílem ukončit tuto neuspokojivou situaci navrhuje tyto kategorie osob zanést buď do přílohy I nebo do přílohy II tak, aby oba tyto seznamy byly úplné. Komise při výběru seznamu zohlednila kritéria pátého bodu odůvodnění nařízení (ES)č. 539/2001.Komise navrhuje do přílohy II zanést britské státní příslušníky ze zámořských území (British Nationals Overseas). Osoby, které mají spjatost s územím Hongkongu, jsou z velké většiny rovněž držiteli pasu zvláštní správní oblasti Hongkongu a jsou tudíž členskými státy osvobozeny od vízové povinnosti. Jelikož jsou britskými státními příslušníky ze zámořských území (British Nationals Overseas), není žádný důvod se domnívat, že představují riziko z hlediska migrace nebo veřejného pořádku, jak již členské státy několikrát konstatovaly při diskusích v pracovních skupinách Rady. Britští státní příslušníci ze zámořských území (British Nationals Overseas) mohou být opětně přijímáni do Hongkongu. Pas, který jim vydávají výhradně britské úřady, vykazuje vysoký stupeň bezpečnostních prvků. Ze všech těchto důvodů je osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro uvedené státní příslušníky (které již doposud bez problémů uplatňuje devět států) zcela odůvodněné. Účelem čl. 5 odst. 2 návrhu je z této skutečnosti vyvodit důsledky a přílohu II nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 doplnit o britské státní příslušníky ze zámořských území (British Nationals Overseas). Je však nezbytné doplnit zvláštní kolonku, neboť nemají státní příslušnost třetího státu a z hlediska cestovních dokladů, jejichž jsou držiteli, je nelze považovat za státní příslušníky území Hongkongu.Komise naopak navrhuje do přílohy I umístit British Overseas Territories Citizens (BOTC), British Overseas Citizens (BOC), British Subjects a British Protected Persons (BPP). British Territories Act 2002 citelně upravil pravidla britského občanství a zejména velké většině BOTC umožnil, aby se stali britskými občany (British citizens) a tudíž občany Unie. Pokud jde o BOTC, kteří se nestali British citizens, BOC, British Subjects a BPP, zdá se, že tyto kategorie osob mají se Spojeným královstvím vztah, který lze považovat za omezený v tom smyslu, že nemají právo pobytu (right of abode) a že podléhají kontrole přistěhovalectví. Na druhé straně panuje velká nejistota ohledně jejich případného vztahu k jinému státu a ohledně přesné podoby tohoto vztahu. Komise má na základě uvedených důvodů za to, že je třeba pro tyto kategorie osob zavést vízovou povinnost, neboť představují riziko nedovoleného přistěhovalectví[6]. Na základě čl. 5 odst. 1 jsou zahrnuti do přílohy I. Je však nezbytné doplnit zvláštní kolonku, neboť nemají státní příslušnost některého třetího státu.2. Režim pro držitele cestovních pasů, které se odlišují od běžných cestovních pasů:Na základě čl. 4 odst. 1 nařízení mají členské státy možnost od vízové povinnosti osvobodit „držitele diplomatických pasů, služebních pasů a jiných úředních pasů“, zatímco příloha 2 Společných konzulárních instrukcí (SKI)[7] odkazuje na „držitele diplomatických, úředních nebo služebních pasů“. Příručka cestovních dokladů, které mohou být opatřeny vízem[8], odkazuje na tři kategorie – diplomatické, úřední a zvláštní cestovní pasy. Různost typologií použitých v různých nástrojích je zdrojem nejasností a může přinášet i praktické potíže, pokud má být uplatňován určitý režim (vízová povinnost nebo osvobození od ní) na určitý typ cestovních pasů. Komise s cílem odstranit tyto potíže a celou záležitost vyjasnit navrhuje přesněji rozlišovat mezi uvedenými třemi kategoriemi cestovních pasů („diplomatické pasy, služební/úřední pasy, zvláštní pasy“). Takový je cíl čl. 1 odst. 2 návrhu. Toto rozlišení bude muset být samozřejmě dodrženo rovněž v příloze 2 SKI a v Příručce cestovních dokladů. Za tímto účelem budou muset být předloženy návrhy rozhodnutí.Komise rovněž hodlá vyjasnit režim pro tuto kategorii držitelů zvláštních cestovních pasů. Na základě stávající podoby čl. 4 odst. 1 písm. a) lze předpokládat, že je na členských státech, zda se rozhodnou udělit výjimku z vízové povinnosti. Toto však není ten případ, jak vyplývá z ustanovení čl. 1 odst. 1 a čl. 2 odst. 1 nařízení (ES) č. 789/2001[9] ze dne 24. dubna 2001, kterým se Radě vyhrazují prováděcí pravomoci v oblasti určitých podrobných předpisů a praktických postupů týkajících se posuzování žádostí o udělení víza. Ustanovení čl. 1 odst. 2 tohoto návrhu doplňuje čl. 4 odst. 1 písm. a) o odkaz na postupy stanovené nařízením (ES) č. 789/2001.3. Změna některých možností členských států udělovat výjimku z vízové povinnosti v harmonizovaných případech osvobození od vízové povinnosti:Stávající nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 v článcích 3 a 4 stanoví, že členské státy mají více možností rozhodnout o výjimkách z vízové povinnosti. Na základě kritérií pátého bodu odůvodnění a zejména kritérií ohledně nedovoleného přistěhovalectví a veřejného pořádku se jeví jako odůvodněné pokračovat v harmonizaci a počítat s osvobozením od vízové povinnosti v plném rozsahu pro dvě kategorie osob, které mají pobyt v některém z členských států.3.1. Osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti:Ustanovení čl. 3 nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 stanoví, že osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti „mohou být osvobozeny od vízové povinnosti, pokud je třetí země, ve které mají pobyt a která vydala jejich cestovní doklady, jednou ze třetích zemí uvedených v příloze II“. Rozšíření Evropské unie o deset nových členských států dne 1. května 2004 vedlo paradoxně k tomu, že uplatnění možnosti osvobodit od vízové povinnosti je omezeno, jelikož nařízení nestanoví osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, které mají pobyt v některém z členských států, jež ještě plně neuplatňují schengenské acquis[10].Zejména proto, že v tomto smyslu od Evropského parlamentu a Rady obdržela výslovnou žádost, hodlá Komise tuto neuspokojivou situaci napravit v rámci jednání o předloze nařízení, kterým se stanoví kodex Společenství pro režim překračování hranic osobami (Schengenský kodex o hranicích)[11]. Komise je s ohledem na kritéria pro nedovolené přistěhovalectví a veřejný pořádek toho názoru, že lze jít nad rámec pouhé možnosti osvobodit od vízové povinnosti. Proto navrhuje k článku 1 nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 přidat osvobození od vízové povinnosti v plném rozsahu pro osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, které mají pobyt v některém z členských států. Tímto osvobozením od vízové povinnosti bude například možné vyřešit situaci „osob, které nejsou lotyšskými občany“ a které ještě nemohou požívat stejné platnosti mezi povolením k pobytu a vízy, neboť Rada ještě nepřijala rozhodnutí ad hoc týkající se úplného uplatňování schengenských pravidel vůči novým členským státům. Tímto způsobem čl. 1 odst. 2 tohoto návrhu zachovává možnost od vízové povinnosti osvobodit osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, které mají pobyt v některé ze třetích zemí uvedených v příloze II, a tuto možnost zavádí do čl. 4 odst. 2 uvedeného nařízení.3.2. Žáci, kteří se účastní školních výletů:Ustanovení čl. 4 odst. 2 nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 stanoví, že od vízové povinnosti lze osvobodit žáky účastnící se školního zájezdu, kteří mají pobyt v jedné ze třetích zemí uvedených v příloze II. Stejně jako v případě osob s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osob bez státní příslušnosti žáci, kteří mají bydliště v členském státu, který ještě plně neuplatňuje schengenské acquis, nemohou být osvobozeni od vízové povinnosti. Komise ve snaze minimalizovat administrativní překážky při uspořádávání školních zájezdů v rámci EU navrhuje k článku 1 nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 přidat osvobození od vízové povinnosti v plném rozsahu pro žáky, kteří mají pobyt v jednom z členských států a kteří cestují v rámci organizovaných školních zájezdů. Tímto způsobem čl. 1 odst. 2 tohoto návrhu zachovává v čl. 4 odst. 2 uvedeného nařízení možnost od vízové povinnosti osvobodit žáky, kteří mají pobyt v jedné ze třetích zemí uvedených v příloze II.4. Zařazení nového osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro osoby, které cestují v rámci malého pohraničního styku:Komise dne 22. února 2005 předložila návrh nařízení Evropského Parlamentu a Rady, kterým se stanoví pravidla pro malý pohraniční styk na vnějších hranicích členských států a mění Schengenská úmluva a Společné konzulární instrukce[12]. Na základě diskusí, které o uvedeném návrhu vedla Rada, se dospělo k závěru, že je třeba, aby se pro obyvatele příhraničních oblastí vydávalo zvláštní povolení, které by jeho držiteli, jenž je státním příslušníkem třetí země a podle nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 podléhá vízové povinnosti, umožňovalo pohybovat se v příhraniční oblasti bez víza. Komise je připravena se tímto přístupem řídit, neboť jím není dotčen hlavní cíl nařízení, totiž usnadnění překračování hranic občanům příhraničních oblastí, kteří tak činí v dobré víře. Z důvodů týkajících se právního základu nemůže být takový případ osvobození od vízové povinnosti součástí nařízení o malém pohraničním styku, ale musí být přiřazen ke čl. 1 odst. 2 nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, který v současné době s takovým případem nepočítá. Takový je cíl čl. 1 odst. 1 tohoto návrhu.Nařízení o malém pohraničním styku, jež je ještě ve fázi projednávání, bude přijato postupem spolurozhodování. Pokud by Rada a Evropský parlament nakonec přijaly režim, který nepočítá s kombinováním osvobození od vízové povinnosti a pohybem v příhraniční oblasti se zvláštním povolením pro malý pohraniční styk, byla by Komise nucena svůj návrh upravit.5. Zařadit možnost od vízové povinnosti osvobodit příslušníky ozbrojených sil, kteří se účastní misí v rámci NATO a programu Partnerství pro mír:Možnost, aby členské státy stanovily výjimku z vízové povinnosti, jež je stanovena v čl. 4 odst. 1 písm. d) nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, se vztahuje pouze na pracovníky mezinárodních organizací. Členské státy, které uplatňují nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 (s výjimkou Rakouska, Finska, Švédska, Kypru a Malty) jsou v rámci Organizace Severoatlantické smlouvy (NATO) podepsány pod závazky týkajícími se pohybu příslušníků ozbrojených sil. Úmluva, kterou členské státy NATO uzavřely v Londýně dne 19. června 1951 ohledně statutu svých ozbrojených sil, v článku III stanoví, že na příslušníky těchto sil „se nevztahují pravidla v pasové a vízové oblasti“. Ustanovení článku III však stanoví, že je třeba předložit osobní průkaz totožnosti a individuální nebo kolektivní cestovní příkaz. Oblast působnosti tohoto osvobození od vízové povinnosti byla rozšířena prostřednictvím úmluvy, kterou ohledně statutu svých ozbrojených sil uzavřely členské státy NATO a ostatní státy účastnící se programu Partnerství pro mír v Bruselu dne 19. června 1995. V článku I tak uvedená úmluva stanoví, že kromě výslovně stanovených výjimek se ustanovení úmluvy z roku 1951 v zásadě použijí rovněž v rámci úmluvy z roku 1995. Úmluva z roku 1995 nestanoví výjimky z výše uvedeného článku III úmluvy z roku 1951.Z ustanovení úmluv z roku 1951 a z roku 1995 tudíž vyplývá, že příslušníci ozbrojených sil států účastnících se těchto úmluv se mohou přemísťovat, aniž by podléhali pravidlům v pasové a vízové oblasti. Tato výjimka z vízové povinnosti, již musejí členské státy, které jsou signatáři výše uvedených úmluv, dodržovat, se neodráží v nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, třebaže by mohla být ku prospěchu příslušníků ozbrojených sil, kteří jsou státními příslušníky třetích zemí uvedených v příloze I nařízení. Proto je třeba z důvodů průhlednosti a právní jistoty nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 doplnit přidáním odkazu na výjimku z vízové povinnosti vyplývající z úmluv v rámci NATO a programu Partnerství pro mír. Takový je cíl navrhovaného dodatku k čl. 4 odst. 2 nařízení.2006/0022 (CNS)NávrhNAŘÍZENÍ RADYkterým se mění nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001, kterým se stanoví seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci musí mít při překračování vnějších hranic vízum, jakož i seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci jsou od této povinnosti osvobozeniRADA EVROPSKÉ UNIE,s ohledem na Smlouvu o založení Evropského společenství, a zejména na čl. 62 bod 2) písm. b) odrážku i) této smlouvy,s ohledem na návrh Komise[13],s ohledem na stanovisko Evropského parlamentu[14],vzhledem k těmto důvodům:(1) Složení seznamů třetích zemí uvedených v přílohách I a II nařízení Rady (ES) č. 539/2001 ze dne 15. března 2001, kterým se stanoví seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci musí mít při překračování vnějších hranic vízum, jakož i seznam třetích zemí, jejichž státní příslušníci jsou od této povinnosti osvobozeni[15], musí být a zůstat v souladu s kritérii, jež jsou vyjmenována v pátém bodě odůvodnění nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001. Jeví se jako nezbytné, aby některé třetí země byly přeřazeny z jedné přílohy do druhé, zejména s ohledem na nedovolené přistěhovalectví a veřejný pořádek.(2) Bolívii je třeba přeřadit do přílohy I. Datum vstupu v platnost vízové povinnosti pro bolívijské státní příslušníky musí být zvoleno tak, aby členské státy mohly včas vypovědět dvoustranné dohody s Bolívií a přijmout všechna administrativní a organizační opatření, která jsou nezbytná pro zavedení dané vízové povinnosti.(3) Antiguu a Barbudu, Bahamy, Barbados, Mauricius, Svatý Kryštof a Nevis a Seychely je třeba přeřadit do přílohy II.Je třeba, aby osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro příslušníky těchto zemí nevstoupilo v platnost před uzavřením dvoustranné dohody o osvobození od vízové povinnosti mezi Evropským společenstvím a předmětnou zemí.(4) Obě přílohy nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 musí být úplné: . Za tímto účelem je třeba ke každé z nich přidat kolonku umožňující určit vízový režim, který členské státy musejí uplatňovat na kategorie osob, které až dosud v některých členských státech podléhaly vízové povinnosti a v jiných byly od této povinnosti osvobozeny. Je vhodné, aby do přílohy I nařízení byly přidány různé kategorie britských státních příslušníků, kteří nejsou státními příslušníky Spojeného království ve smyslu práva Společenství, a aby do přílohy II byli přidáni státní příslušníci British Nationals (Overseas).(5) Členské státy mohou stanovit některé výjimky z vízové povinnosti pro držitele určitých cestovních pasů, které se odlišují od běžných cestovních pasů. Je třeba vyjasnit povahu těchto zvláštních pasů. Je rovněž nezbytné v nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 učinit odkaz na postupy, které se použijí v případě uplatnění těchto výjimek.(6) Členské státy mohou od vízové povinnosti osvobodit osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, které mají pobyt v některé ze třetích zemí uvedených v příloze II, jakož i žáky účastnící se školního zájezdu, kteří mají pobyt v jedné z těchto zemí. Pro tyto dvě kategorie osob je třeba zavést úplné osvobození od vízové povinnosti, pokud pobývají v některém z členských států.(7) Na základě probíhajících diskusí o zavedení režimu malého pohraničního styku je nezbytné stanovit nové osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro držitele povolení pro malý pohraniční styk.(8) Režim týkající se možností udělit výjimku z vízové povinnosti musí plně odrážet skutečnost, která se projevuje v praxi. Některé členské státy od vízové povinnosti osvobozují státní příslušníky třetích zemí, které jsou uvedeny v příloze II, příslušníky ozbrojených sil, kteří cestují v rámci Organizace Severoatlantické smlouvy nebo programu Partnerství pro mír. Tato osvobození opírající se o mezinárodní závazky, které nespadají do práva Společenství, však musejí být z důvodů právní jistoty zohledněna v nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001.(9) V důsledku následných změn nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 je nezbytné zlepšit jeho strukturu a srozumitelnost v rámci přepracování, ke kterému bude muset později dojít.(10) Pokud jde o Island a Norsko, rozpracovává toto nařízení ustanovení schengenského acquis ve smyslu dohody uzavřené mezi Radou Evropské unie a Islandskou republikou a Norským královstvím o přidružení těchto dvou států k provádění, uplatňování a rozvoji schengenského acquis[16], která spadají do oblasti uvedené v čl. 1 bodu B rozhodnutí Rady 1999/437/ES ze dne 17. května 1999 o některých opatřeních pro uplatňování uvedené dohody[17].(11) Pro Spojené království a Irsko není nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 závazné. Nepodílejí se tedy na přijímání tohoto nařízení, a proto pro ně není závazné ani použitelné.(12) Pokud jde o Švýcarsko, rozvíjí toto nařízení ta ustanovení schengenského acquis ve smyslu dohody uzavřené mezi Evropskou unií, Evropským společenstvím a Švýcarskou konfederací o přidružení Švýcarské konfederace k provádění, uplatňování a rozvoji schengenského acquis[18], která spadají do oblasti uvedené v čl. 1 bodu B rozhodnutí Rady 1999/437/ES ve spojení s čl. 4 odst. 1 rozhodnutí Rady 2004/860/ES ze dne 25. října 2004 o podpisu Dohody mezi Evropskou unií, Evropským společenstvím a Švýcarskou konfederací o přidružení Švýcarské konfederace k provádění, uplatňování a rozvoji schengenského acquis jménem Evropského společenství a o prozatímním provádění některých jejích ustanovení[19].PŘIJALA TOTO NAŘÍZENÍ:Článek 1Nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 se mění takto:1. Článek 1 se mění takto:2. V odstavci 1 se doplňuje nový pododstavec, který zní:„Aniž jsou dotčeny závazky vyplývající z Evropské dohody o zrušení víz pro uprchlíky, podepsané ve Štrasburku dne 20. dubna 1959, musejí mít osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti při překračování vnějších hranic členských států vízum, pokud třetí země, ve které mají pobyt a která jim jejich cestovní doklad vydala, patří mezi země uvedené na seznamu v příloze I.“3. V odstavci 2 se doplňuje nový pododstavec, který zní:„Vedle toho jsou od vízové povinnosti osvobozeni:- státní příslušníci třetí země uvedené na seznamu v příloze I, kteří jsou držiteli povolení pro malý pohraniční styk, jež vydávají členské státy na základě nařízení č. ......- žáci, kteří mají státní příslušnost třetí země uvedené na seznamu v příloze I a kteří mají pobyt v některém z členských států v době, kdy cestují v souvislosti se školním zájezdem jako členové skupiny žáků školy v doprovodu učitele uvedené školy;- osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, které mají pobyt v některém členském státu a které jsou držiteli cestovního dokladu vydaného tímto členským státem.“- Článek 4 se mění takto:- V odstavci 1 se písmeno a) nahrazuje tímto:„a) držitelé diplomatických pasů, služebních/úředních pasů nebo zvláštních pasů v souladu s jedním z postupů stanovených v čl. 1 odst. 1 a v čl. 2 odst. 1 nařízení (ES) č. 789/2001.“4. Odstavec 2 se nahrazuje tímto:„2. Členský stát může od vízové povinnosti osvobodit:a) žáky školy, kteří mají státní příslušnost třetí země uvedené v příloze I, mají pobyt ve třetí zemi uvedené v příloze II a cestují v souvislosti se školním zájezdem jako členové skupiny žáků školy v doprovodu učitele uvedené školy;b) osoby s přiznaným postavením uprchlíka a osoby bez státní příslušnosti, pokud třetí země, ve kterých pobývají a které jim vydaly jejich cestovní doklady, patří mezi třetí země uvedené v příloze II;c) příslušníky ozbrojených sil, kteří cestují v rámci NATO nebo programu Partnerství pro mír, a držitele dokladů o totožnosti a cestovního příkazu, jež jsou stanoveny úmluvou mezi účastníky Severoatlantické smlouvy o statusu jejich ozbrojených sil ze dne 19. června 1951.“5. Příloha I se mění takto:6. Vkládá se odkaz na Bolívii.7. Zrušují se odkazy na Antiguu a Barbudu, Bahamy, Barbados, Mauricius, Svatý Kryštof a Nevis a Seychely.8. Vkládá se nový bod 3), který zní:„3) BRITšTÍ OBčANÉ, KTEřÍ NEMAJÍ POSTAVENÍ STÁTNÍCH PřÍSLUšNÍKů SPOJENÉHO KRÁLOVSTVÍ VELKÉ BRITÁNIE A SEVERNÍHO IRSKA VE SMYSLU PRÁVA SPOLEčENSTVÍ:British Overseas Territories CitizensBritish Overseas CitizensBritish SubjectsBritish Protected Persons”9. Příloha II se mění takto:10. Zrušuje se odkaz na Bolívii.11. Vkládají se následující odkazy:Antigua a BarbudaBahamyBarbadosMauriciusSvatý Kryštof a NevisSeychelly12. Vkládá se nový bod 3), který zní:„3) BRITšTÍ OBčANÉ, KTEřÍ NEMAJÍ POSTAVENÍ STÁTNÍCH PřÍSLUšNÍKů SPOJENÉHO KRÁLOVSTVÍ VELKÉ BRITÁNIE A SEVERNÍHO IRSKA VE SMYSLU PRÁVA SPOLEčENSTVÍ:British Nationals (Overseas)“.Článek 2Členské státy zavedou vízovou povinnost pro bolívijské státní příslušníky ode dne ...Členské státy budou uplatňovat osvobození od vízové povinnosti pro státní příslušníky Antiguy a Barbudy, Baham, Barbadosu, Mauricia, Svatého Kryštofa a Nevisu a Seychel ode dne, kdy vstoupí v platnost dohoda o osvobození od vízové povinnosti, kterou Evropské společenství uzavřelo s dotyčnou třetí zemí.Článek 3Toto nařízení vstupuje v platnost dvacátým dnem po vyhlášení v Úředním věstníku Evropské unie .Toto nařízení je závazné v celém rozsahu a přímo použitelné v členských státech v souladu se Smlouvou o založení Evropského společenství.V Bruselu dne [...].Za Radupředseda/předsedkyně[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] [1] Úř. věst. L 81, 21.3.2001, s. 2.[2] Úř. věst. L 141, 4.6.2005, s. 3.[3] Úř. věst. L 69, 13.3.2003, s. 10.[4] Viz poslední prohlášení Spojeného království z roku 1983 (Úř. věst. C 23, 28.1.1983, s. 1).[5] Úř. věst. C 68, 21.3.2003, s. 11.[6] Z výše uvedeného sdělení Komise z roku 2003 vyplývá, že většina členských států u BOTC vyžaduje vízovou povinnost.[7] Poslední vydání: dokument 12357/05, VISA 230 COMIX 586, ze dne 27.9.2005[8] Poslední vydání: dokument 11599/05, VISA 200 COMIX 527, ze dne 29.7.2005.[9] Úř. věst. L 116, 24.6.2001, s. 2.[10] V rámci technických úprav aktu o přistoupení bylo logicky rozhodnuto z přílohy II nařízení č. 539/2001 vypustit odkaz na nové členské státy.[11] Prohlášení týkající se držitelů cestovních pasů pro cizince a cestovních pasů pro osoby, jež nejsou občany EU: „Evropský parlament a Rada vyzývají Komisi, aby předložila návrhy v rámci přezkumu nařízení (ES) č. 539/2001 s cílem od vízové povinnosti osvobodit držitele cestovních pasů pro cizince a cestovních pasů pro osoby, jež nejsou občany EU, které pobývají v jednom z členských států.“[12] KOM(2005) 56 v konečném znění.[13] Úř. věst. C [...], [...], s. [...].[14] Úř. věst. C [...], [...], s. [...].[15] Úř. věst. L [...], [...], s. [...].[16] Úř. věst. L 176, 10.7.1999, s. 36.[17] Úř. věst. L 368, 15.12.2004, s. 26.[18] Dokument Rady č. 13054/044, jenž je k nahlédnutí na internetových sztánkách:http://register.consilium.eu.int[19] Úř. věst. L 370, 17.12.2004, s. 78.


type: caselaw

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 22.11.2008
 CS
 Úřední věstník Evropské unie
 C 301/19
 Žádost o rozhodnutí o předběžné otázce podaná High Court of Justice (Chancery Division) (Spojené království) dne 17. září 2008 – Football Association Premier League Ltd, NetMed Hellas SA, Multichoice Hellas SA v. QC Leisure, David Richrdson, AV Station plc, Malcolm Chamberlain, Michael Madden, SR Leisure Ltd, Phillip George Charles Houghton, Derek Owen
 (Věc C-403/08)
 (2008/C 301/34)
 Jednací jazyk: angličtina
 Předkládající soud
 High Court of Justice (Chancery Division).
 Účastníci původního řízení
 Žalobce: Football Association Premier League Ltd, NetMed Hellas SA, Multichoice Hellas SA.
 Žalovaný: QC Leisure, David Richrdson, AV Station plc, Malcolm Chamberlain, Michael Madden, SR Leisure Ltd, Phillip George Charles Houghton, Derek Owen.
 Předběžné otázky
 A. K výkladu směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady 98/84/ES ze dne 20. listopadu 1998 o právní ochraně služeb s podmíněným přístupem a služeb tvořených podmíněným přístupem (1)
 1. Nedovolené zařízení
 a)
 Pokud je zařízení podmíněného přístupu vyrobeno poskytovatelem služby nebo s jeho souhlasem a prodáno s omezeným oprávněním používat zařízení pouze k získání přístupu k chráněné službě za určitých okolností, stává se takové zařízení „nedovoleným zařízením“ ve smyslu čl. 2 písm. e) směrnice 98/84/ES, jestliže je použito k získání přístupu k takové chráněné službě na místě, způsobem nebo osobou, na něž se nevztahuje povolení poskytovatele služby?
 b)
 Jaký má význam pojem „vytvořené nebo uzpůsobené“ ve smyslu čl. 2 písm. e) směrnice?
 2. Důvody pro podání žaloby
 Pokud první poskytovatel služeb přenáší obsah programu v kódované podobě druhému poskytovateli služeb, který takový obsah vysílá s podmíněným přístupem, jaké faktory je třeba zohlednit při určení, zda jsou zájmy prvního poskytovatele chráněné služby dotčeny ve smyslu článku 5 směrnice 98/84/ES?
 Zejména:
 Pokud první podnik přenáší obsah programu (zahrnující obrázky, ruchy a anglický komentář) v kódované podobě druhému podniku, který dále veřejně takový obsah vysílá (s doplněním svého loga a případně další zvukové stopy s komentářem):
 a)
 Představuje přenos prvním podnikem chráněnou službu spočívající v „televizním vysílání“ ve smyslu čl. 2 písm. a) směrnice 98/84/ES a čl. 1 písm. a) směrnice 89/552/EHS?
 b)
 Musí být první podnik provozovatelem vysílání ve smyslu čl. 1 písm. b) směrnice 89/552/EHS, aby byl považován za poskytovatele chráněné služby „televizního vysílání“ ve smyslu čl. 2 písm. a) první odrážky směrnice 98/84/ES?
 c)
 Je třeba vykládat článek 5 směrnice 98/84/ES v tom smyslu, že přiznává prvnímu podniku aktivní legitimaci k podání občanskoprávní žaloby ohledně nedovolených zařízení, která umožňují přístup k pořadu vysílanému druhým podnikem:
 i)
 protože taková zařízení je třeba považovat za zařízení umožňující přístup k vlastní službě prvního podniku prostřednictvím vysílaného signálu; nebo
 ii)
 protože první podnik je poskytovatelem chráněné služby, jehož zájmy jsou dotčeny nedovolenou činností (neboť taková zařízení umožňují neoprávněný přístup k chráněné službě poskytované druhým podnikem)?
 d)
 Má na odpověď na otázku uvedenou v písmenu c) vliv to, zda první a druhý poskytovatel služby používají různé dekódovací systémy a zařízení podmíněného přístupu?
 3. Obchodní účely
 Vztahuje se výraz „držení [...] k obchodním účelům“ v čl. 4 písm. a) směrnice pouze na držení pro účely obchodování s nedovolenými zařízeními (například jejich prodeje),
 nebo se vztahuje i na držení zařízení konečným uživatelem při jakémkoli podnikání?
 B. K výkladu směrnice Evropského parlamentu a Rady 2001/29/ES ze dne 22. května 2001 o harmonizaci určitých aspektů autorského práva a práv s ním souvisejících v informační společnosti (2)
 4. Právo na pořizování rozmnoženin
 Jestliže jsou vytvořeny sekvenční fragmenty filmu, hudebního díla nebo zvukového záznamu (v tomto případě okna digitálního obrazového a zvukového záznamu) i) v paměti dekodéru nebo ii) v případě filmu na televizní obrazovce, dochází, je-li na sekvenční fragmenty nahlíženo jako na celek, k rozmnožení díla, avšak v jednotlivých okamžicích existuje vždy pouze omezený počet fragmentů:
 a)
 Má být otázka, zda taková díla byla zcela nebo zčásti rozmnožena, určena podle vnitrostátních předpisů autorského práva, které stanoví, co se rozumí protiprávním rozmnožením autorského díla, nebo je toto věcí výkladu článku 2 směrnice 2001/29/ES?
 b)
 Pokud se jedná o výklad článku 2 směrnice 2001/29/ES, má vnitrostátní soud posuzovat všechny fragmenty každého díla jako celek nebo pouze omezený počet fragmentů, které existují v jednotlivých okamžicích? Jaké kritérium má vnitrostátní soud v posledně uvedeném případě použít při posuzování toho, zda bylo dílo rozmnoženo po částech ve smyslu uvedeného článku?
 c)
 Vztahuje se právo na rozmnožování stanovené v článku 2 na vytvoření přechodných obrázků na televizní obrazovce?
 5. Samostatný hospodářský význam
 a)
 Považují se přechodné rozmnoženiny díla vytvořené v dekódovacím zařízení pro satelitní televizi nebo na televizní obrazovce propojené s dekódovacím zařízením, jejichž jediným účelem je umožnit užívání díla, které není jinak právně omezeno, za rozmnoženiny se „samostatným hospodářským významem“ ve smyslu čl. 5 odst. 1 směrnice 2001/29/ES z důvodu, že takové rozmnoženiny zakládají jediný titul, z něhož si oprávněná osoba může nárokovat úplatu za využití jejích práv?
 b)
 Má na odpověď na pátou otázku písm. a) vliv to, i) zda přechodné rozmnoženiny mají samy o sobě nějakou hodnotu, nebo ii) zda přechodné rozmnoženiny tvoří malou část souboru děl nebo jiný předmět, který může být jinak použit bez porušení autorského práva, nebo iii) zda držitel výhradní licence poskytnuté oprávněnou osobou v jiném členském státě již obdržel úplatu za použití díla v takovém členském státě?
 6. Veřejné sdělování po drátě nebo bezdrátově
 a)
 Je autorské dílo veřejně sdělováno po drátě nebo bezdrátově ve smyslu článku 3 směrnice 2001/29/ES, pokud je satelitní vysílání přijímáno v obchodních prostorách (například v baru) a sdělováno nebo reprodukováno v těchto prostorách prostřednictvím jediné televizní obrazovky a reproduktorů veřejnosti přítomné v těchto prostorách?
 b)
 Má na odpověď na šestou otázku písm. a) vliv to, zda:
 i)
 přítomná veřejnost představuje novou veřejnost nezamýšlenou provozovatelem vysílání (v tomto případě, protože domácí dekódovací karta určená pro jeden členský stát je používána pro komerční publikum v jiném členském státě)?
 ii)
 veřejnost není platícím publikem podle vnitrostátního práva?
 iii)
 signál televizního vysílání je přijímán prostřednictvím antény nebo satelitního přijímače na střeše prostor, v nichž je umístěn televizor, nebo na střeše sousedních prostor?
 c)
 Pokud je odpověď na kteroukoli část písmena b) kladná, jaké faktory je třeba brát v úvahu při určení, zda dochází ke sdělování díla, které má původ v místě, kde není přítomno publikum?
 C. K výkladu směrnice Rady 93/83/EHS ze dne 27. září 1993 o koordinaci určitých předpisů týkajících se autorského práva a práv s ním souvisejících při družicovém vysílání a kabelovém přenosu (3) a článků 28, 30 a 49 Smlouvy o ES
 7. Obhajoba podle směrnice 93/83
 Je slučitelné se směrnicí 93/83/EHS nebo s články 28 a 30 nebo článkem 49 Smlouvy o ES, když vnitrostátní autorské právo stanoví, že v případě, že jsou přechodné rozmnoženiny děl zahrnutých do satelitního vysílání vytvářeny uvnitř satelitního dekódovacího zařízení nebo na televizní obrazovce, dochází k porušení autorského práva podle právních předpisů země, v níž je vysílání přijímáno? Má na odpověď na předchozí otázku vliv skutečnost, že je vysílání dekódováno s použitím satelitní dekódovací karty, kterou poskytovatel služby satelitního vysílání vydal v jiném členském státě pod podmínkou, že použití satelitní dekódovací karty bude povoleno pouze v onom jiném členském státě?
 D. K výkladu pravidel Smlouvy o volném pohybu zboží a služeb podle článků 28 ES, 30 ES a 49 ES v kontextu [směrnice o podmíněném přístupu]
 8. Obhajoba podle článků 28 ES nebo 49 ES
 a)
 Pokud odpověď na první otázku zní, že zařízení podmíněného přístupu vyrobené provozovatelem služby nebo s jeho souhlasem se stává „nedovoleným zařízením“ ve smyslu čl. 2 písm. e) směrnice 89/84/ES, pokud je používáno mimo rámec povolení poskytovatele služby k získání přístupu k chráněné službě, co konkrétně je předmětem dotčeného práva s ohledem na jeho základní funkci stanovenou směrnicí o podmíněném přístupu?
 b)
 Brání články 28 nebo 49 Smlouvy o ES vymáhání vnitrostátního právního předpisu v prvním členském státě, podle něhož je protiprávní dovézt nebo prodat satelitní dekódovací kartu, kterou poskytovatele služby satelitního vysílání vydal v jiném členském státě pod podmínkou, že použití této satelitní dekódovací karty bude povoleno pouze v onom jiném členském státě?
 c)
 Má na odpověď na tuto otázku vliv to, zda je satelitní dekódovací karta schválena pouze pro soukromé a domácí použití v takovém jiném členském státě, ale je používána pro obchodní účely v prvním členském státě?
 9. K možnosti rozšíření ochrany hymny nad rámec ochrany poskytované zbývající části vysílání
 Brání články 28 a 30 nebo článek 49 Smlouvy o ES vymáhání vnitrostátního předpisu autorského práva, podle něhož je protiprávní veřejně předvádět nebo reprodukovat hudební dílo, pokud je takové dílo součástí chráněné služby, která je přístupná a veřejně reprodukována s využitím satelitní dekódovací karty, pokud poskytovatel služby tuto kartu vydal v jiném členském státě pod podmínkou, že její použití bude povoleno pouze v onom jiném členském státě? Bude odpověď odlišná, pokud hudební dílo tvoří nepodstatnou součást chráněné služby jako celku a vnitrostátní autorské právo nebrání veřejnému reprodukování jiných součástí služby?
 E. K výkladu pravidel Smlouvy o hospodářské soutěži podle článku 81 ES
 10. Obhajoba podle článku 81 ES
 Pokud poskytovatel programového obsahu poskytne řadu výhradních licencí vždy pro území jednoho nebo více členských států a na základě takových licencí je provozovatel vysílání oprávněn vysílat předmětný obsah pouze v rámci příslušného území (včetně satelitního vysílání), přičemž součástí každé licence je smluvní povinnost provozovatele vysílání zabránit použití jeho satelitních dekódovacích karet umožňujících příjem obsahu, jenž je předmětem licence, mimo území, na něž se licence vztahuje, jaké právní kritérium by měl vnitrostátní soud použít a jaké okolnosti by měl vzít v úvahu při rozhodování o tom, zda je smluvní omezení v rozporu se zákazem stanoveným v čl. 81 odst. 1 ES?
 Konkrétně:
 a)
 Musí být čl. 81 odst. 1 ES vykládán v tom smyslu, že se uplatní na takovýto závazek z pouhého důvodu, že domnělým účelem závazku je bránit hospodářské soutěži, omezovat ji nebo ji narušovat ?
 b)
 V případě kladné odpovědi, musí být rovněž prokázáno, že takovýto závazek podstatným způsobem brání hospodářské soutěži, omezuje ji nebo ji narušuje, aby se na něj uplatnil zákaz stanovený čl. 81 odst. 1 ES?
 (1) Úř. věst. L 320, s. 54.
 (2) Úř. věst. L 167, s. 10.
 (3) Úř. věst. L 248, s. 15.


type: wikipedia

text:
L’InBus U.150 est un autobus urbain de taille midi fabriqué par le consortium de constructeurs italiens InBus de 1980 à 1987 puis sous la marque Bredabus jusqu'en 1993.
 Ce modèle, comme son plus important concurrent italien, le Fiat-Iveco 316, est conçu en respectant la nouvelle norme européenne de 1974 sur les longueurs standardisées des autobus urbains :
 Minibus - longueur inférieure à 8 mètres, à 2 essieux, doit comporter 2 portes, capacité supérieure à 9 passagers et inférieure à
 Midibis - longueur comprise entre 8 et 11 mètres, 2 essieux, 3 portes,
 Standard - longueur de 12 mètres, 2 essieux, 3 ou 4 portes au choix de l'exploitant selon la fréquentation, 120 passagers au maximum en version urbaine, 55 fauteuils en version autocar de ligne,
 Allongé - longueur entre 12 et 14 mètres,
 Articulé - longueur maximale de 18,75 mètres avec une articulation centrale, 3 essieux, capacité pour un autobus urbain : 150 passagers assis et debout, autocar de ligne : .
 Histoire
 Le consortium italien InBus, constructeur d'autobus créé en 1975, présente, en 1977, pour concurrencer le Fiat 421 vieillissant, un nouvel autobus urbain standard de 12 mètres, l'InBus U.210 qui recueille très rapidement les faveurs des entreprises publiques italiennes de transport en commun. Ressentant l'absence d'un modèle de taille midi dans sa gamme, le constructeur présente, en 1979, une version de longueur réduite à 8,60 mètres baptisée U.150.
 L'autobus InBus U.150 est construit sur un châssis Siccar 181C, conçu et fabriqué par la Carrozzeria Sicca, une entreprise faisant partie du consortium InBus équipé d'une mécanique FIAT-OM CP3-1/100, moteur 6 cylindres en ligne de 7.412 cm3 de cylindrée développant 148 ch DIN à 2.600 tr/min. Deux boîtes de vitesses sont proposées, une boîte manuelle Fiat à 5 rapports + MA et une boîte automatique Allison AT45. Per facilitare l'impiego su tratte acclivi, era disponibile il cambio manuale oppure automatico Allison AT545.
 Esthétiquement, l'InBus U.150 est très proche du grand U.210 dont il hérite de les faces avant et arrière en plus faible largeur. Les deux portes d'accès latérales sont plus étroites, la capacité totale du véhicule étant inférieure.
 À partir de 1987, tous les modèles InBus encore en production sont renommés sous la marque Bredabus. L'InBus U.150 est devenu Bredabus mod. InBus U.150.
 Les différentes versions
 Toutes les versions ont les mêmes dimensions : 8,62 mètres de longueur. Les châssis et les mécaniques étaient rigoureusement identiques, seuls les aménagements intérieurs différaient ainsi que la garde au sol :
 InBus U.150 Urbain
 moteur diesel FIAT-OM CP3-1/100, 7.412 cm3, 148 ch,
 3 portes à soufflet ou louvoyantes intérieures,
 InBus S.150 Suburbain
 moteur diesel FIAT-OM CP3-1/100, 7.412 cm3, 148 ch,
 2 portes à soufflet ou louvoyantes intérieures,
 InBus I.150 Interurbain
 moteur diesel FIAT-OM CP3-1/100, 7.412 cm3, 148 ch,
 2 portes battantes à l'extérieur.
 Utilisateurs
 L'InBus U.150 a été assez largement diffusé sur le territoire italien, en particulier la version urbaine.
 L'ATAC de Rome avec ses 90 exemplaires figure comme un de ses principaux utilisateurs devant l'AMT de Gênes et l'ACT de Trieste. On dénombre sa présence dans de très nombreux parcs véhicules des sociétés de transport comme CTP Naples, ATM Turin, La Panoramica de Chieti ou AMTAB de Bari, mais en plus faible quantité.
 Curiosité
 En 1977, l'AMT de Gênes a fait réaliser une variante, qui restera un exemplaire unique, avec une carrosserie Sicca, dont les lignes sont très similaires au Fiat 418 Cameri.
 Les InBus 150 ont reçu essentiellement des carrosseries De Simon Bus et BredaBus avec, selon la norme italienne, 3 portes, sans poste de receveur aboli en 1972, mais avec un système électronique de suivi du parcours.
 Bibliographie
 (it) Fiche technique InBus U.150 181C sur InBusClub
 (it) Les mini et midibus de l'ATC Rome - Fiat 316 - Iveco Pollicino & InBus U.150 site tramroma.com
 Modèle d'autobus
 Autobus Menarini
 Transport en Italie
 Poids lourd des années 1980
 Inbus
 De Simon Bus


type: other

text:
« Įmonės internetu
 Prieš reguliavimo absurdus su cenzūros prieskoniais »
 Taip atsiskleidžia žmogiškosios prigimties niuansai. Pavydas bei savanaudiškumas - veiksniai lemiantys požiūrį į vieną ar kitą klausimą.
 Juk jei klausiama kokias pajamas apmokestinti labiau, iš karto galima pasilyginti, kokios atsakančiojo pajamos šiandien. Atitinkamai sukuriama galimybė (ar regimybė), kad didesnį tarifą mokės kažkas kitas, o ne pats atsakantysis...
 Palyginimui galiu pateikti kitą tyrimą, kurį apie progresinius mokesčius, kaip suprantu, pagal tą pačią metodiką atliko ta pati tyrimų kompanija.
 Jame buvo klausiama kiek pats asmuo sutiktų mokėti mokesčių, jei jo atlyginimas būtų tūkstantis, du,trys, penki, ar septyni tūkstančiai litų.
 Atsakymai iliustruoja, kad jokio progresyvumo žmonės nepageidauja, išskyrus tai, kad nuo tūkstančio ar dviejų tūkstančių litų atlyginimo norėtų mokėti apie dviem procentiniais punktais mažesnį mokestį.
 Šį žmonių pageidaujamą skirtumą su kaupu realizuoja šiandien esantis mokesčių progresyvumas per neapmokestinamąjį minimumą.
 Taigi, kai klausiama konkrečiai apie pačius žmones ir jų preferencijas, o ne apie tai, kaip apmokestinti kitus, Lietuvos žmonės nenori jokio progresyvumo.
 Tie, kas nori orientuotis į visuomenės lūkesčius, turi remtis ne teoriniais žmonių pasvarstymais apie kitus, o išsakytais lūkesčiais apie juos pačius.
 Parašė Remigijus Šimašius 2009-11-05 17:00
 komentarai (142) | “Jos didenybė visuomenės nuomonė – kokia ji apie progresinius mokesčius?”
 2009-11-05 17:31
 gera iliustracija, kaip norint galima sumaniai manipuliuoti naudojantis apklausomis
 Gediminas Gee rašo:
 2009-11-06 10:23
 Gaila tik, kad p. Simasiaus nuomone pasiklys bloguose, kai atliktos apklausos placiai nuskamba visuose delfiuose, kuriems matyt pelningiau skelbti krastutines zinias.
 Gerbiamas ministras kaip ir kiti tokiai atvejais sąmoningai ar ne pamiršta, kad egzistuoja pajamų mokesčio lengvatos pagal kurias dalis sumokėto mokesčio yra gražinama. Kaip tokiu atveju su tuo progresyvumu? Parodykit nors vieną nors kiek protingesnį žmogų kuris nesugrąžina dalies mokesčio už gyvybės draudimo ar būsto paskolos įmokas. Suprantu, kad diskutuojant apie tikrą, o ne menamą progresyvumą to geriau neminėti, kaip ir apskritai pateikti duomenų kiek gi yra žmonių sąžiningai nuo visų savo pajamų sumokančių valstybės nustatyto tarifo dydžio mokestį.
 Visa tai parašiau nes pasirodė į temą prie: “Taip atsiskleidžia žmogiškosios prigimties niuansai”
 Visada sakiau, kad mokesciu reikia duoti zmonems moketi patiems, o ne uzkrauti sia nasta imonems. Taip issisprestu aibe socialiniu ir politiniu problemu. Apskritai tai pastaroji pareiga apskaiciuoti, ishskaicioti ir pervesti i biudzeta mokescius uz darbuotojus yra kvestionuotina konstitucingumo aspektu.
 Kodel imone turi uz darbuotoja apskaiciuoti kiek nuo jo pajamu priklauso moketi mokesciu? Kodel siuos mokescius turi pervesti uz darbutoja i biudzeta? Imonei uz sia “paslauga” valstybei niekas nekompensuoja ir priesingai, suklydus - yra baudziama.
 Atsakymas - nes taip ipareigoja istatymas, kaip zinia - neatsakymas, jeigu tarsiu kad sios teises normos yra antikonstitucines.
 Valstybe negali uzkrauti vienu privaciu asmenu prievoliu kitiems privatiems asmenims ir niekaip uz tai nekompensuoti pastariesiems uzkraunamos nastos. Valstybine pasirinkdama mokesciu politika, jos igyvendinimo tvarka turetu nepazeisti asmens teisiu ir neuzkrauti daugiau pareigu nei leidzia pagrindindinis salies istatymas.
 Tiesa sakant, gal net butu visai idomu pasibylineti del siu prievoliu...
 kaip derinasi žodžiai Szimaszus ir lietuvis ? Arba laisvosios rinkos instituto vadeiva ir teisingumo ministras? toks ministras/retas iš visų/,kuris neskelbia savo el.pašto ir kurio biografijoj nuo 1974 iki 2000 metų “skylė? Kuriam pedofilija ne taip baisu,kaip nusikaltusių teisėjų darbo nuobauda ar atlyginimų sumažinimas.
 O progresiniai mokesčiai “neteisybė”(kai žmonės aplink skursta,o sukčiai ir lobistai-lubistai krauna turtus is vargetų darbo.) kai oligopolinės farmacinės šutvės plėšia žmones(pažiūrėk savo ”polonia tv” draugelių ten vaistų kainas).Beje,kodėl dar lenkiškai nemoki,jei sutinki su jų priekaištais Lietuvai?
 kas ileido idiotus i interneta? rašo:
 idiote zmones isvis nenoretu moketi mokesciu, bet jeigu jau prievartauja moketi, tada ir progresyvumas privalo buti
 2009-11-16 21:06
 As moku daug mokesciu jau beveik 14 metu ir sutikciau moketi daugiau ir toliau, bet pvz. Navickas nemoka ir man butu pikta jei ta neteisybe didetu.
 As idarbinu 10 zmoniu vis ta laika, uz kuriuos taip pat moku mokescius.
 As perku arba nuomojos automobilius ir LT bendroviu, o koks Grazulis is LV.
 Mokedamas didelius mokescius as ir mano seima (ne)gauna ta pacia “nemokama” medicina. Netekes darbo as gauciau pasalpa, kuri butu tik maza dalis mano menesio mokesciu imokos ir tik pusmeti, nepaisant kad mokejau 14. Pensija butu tik desimtadalis atlyginimo.
 Kaip su visuotiniu deklaravimu kuris pasirode “per brangus” anam seimui pereita rudeni?
 2009-12-01 00:52
 Sutinku su ministru. Dauguma progresinio mokescio “noretoju” nori kad ta mokesti moketu kazkas, bet ne jie. Kad kazkas daugiau surinktu mokesciu. Kitais zodziais nori atimt to ko patys nesugebejo pasiekt. Paprastas neoriginalus pavyzdys:
 Zmogus baige 12 klasiu, isvaziavo i Uk paklot plyteliu, gryzo pries kokius 2 metus, dabar cia dirba uz ~1500 ir piktas ant visu ir reikalauja “teisingumo” ivedant dar progresyvesnius nei dabar yra mokesciai.
 Kitas zmogus baige 12 paeme paskola pragyvenimui/moklsui ir dar mokesi bakalaura+magistra (6m.) smarkai are ir gavo salyginai nebloga darba. Dabar grazina paskola uz moksla ir dar jam uzkrauna mokescius kuriu negavo is pirmojo nes anas negalejo/nenorejo/nesugebejo.
 Dwight Petillo rašo:
 http://growinches.net
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text:
 15.8.2008
 LT
 Europos Sąjungos oficialusis leidinys
 C 209/49
 2008 m. liepos 8 d. Pirmosios instancijos teismo sprendimas byloje Komisija prieš Economidis
 (Byla T-56/07 P) (1)
 (Apeliacinis skundas - Viešoji tarnyba - Pareigūnai - Komisijos sprendimo dėl paskyrimo į skyriaus vadovo pareigas panaikinimas pirmojoje instancijoje - Ieškovo kandidatūros atmetimas - Kito kandidato paskyrimas - Užimtinų pareigų lygio nurodymas skelbime apie laisvas pareigas - Funkcijų ir lygių atskyrimo principas - Pagrįstas apeliacinis skundas - Išspręstinas ginčas - Ieškinio atmetimas)
 (2008/C 209/86)
 Proceso kalba: prancūzų
 Šalys
 Ieškovė: Europos Bendrijų Komisija, atstovaujama J. Currall ir G. Berscheid
 Atsakovė: Ioannis Economidis (Woluwé-Saint-Étienne, Belgija), atstovaujama advokatų S. Orlandi, A. Coolen, J.-N. Louis ir E. Marchal
 Ieškovės pusėje į bylą įstojusios šalys: Europos Parlamentas, atstovaujamas C. Burgos ir A. Lukošiūtės; Europos Sąjungos Taryba, atstovaujama M. Simm ir I. Sulce; ir Europos Bendrijų Audito Rūmai, atstovaujami T. Kenedy, J.-M. Stenie ir B. Schäfer
 Bylos dalykas
 Apeliacinis skundas dėl 2006 m. gruodžio 14 d. Europos Sąjungos tarnautojų teismo (antroji kolegija) sprendimo Economodis prieš Komisiją (F-122/05, dar nepaskelbto Rinkinyje) panaikinimo.
 Sprendimo rezoliucinė dalis
 1.
 Panaikinti 2006 m. gruodžio 14 d. Europos Sąjungos tarnautojų teismo sprendimą Economodis prieš Komisiją (F-122/05, dar nepaskelbtą Rinkinyje).
 2.
 Atmesti Ioannis Economidis Tarnautojų teismui pareikštą ieškinį byloje F-122/05.
 3.
 I. Economidis ir Komisija padengia savo bylinėjimosi išlaidas, patirtas tiek Tarnautojų teisme, tiek šioje instancijoje.
 4.
 Europos Parlamentas, Europos Sąjungos Taryba ir Europos Bendrijų Audito rūmai padengia bylinėjimosi išlaidas.
 (1) OL C 95, 2007 4 28.