type: caselaw

text:
 16.5.2009
 FI
 Euroopan unionin virallinen lehti
 C 113/14
 Yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen määräys (kahdeksas jaosto) 19.2.2009 (Oberster Gerichtshofin (Itävalta) esittämä ennakkoratkaisupyyntö) — LSG-Gesellschaft zur Wahrnehmung von Leistungsschutzrechten GmbH v. Tele2 Telecommunication GmbH
 (Asia C-557/07) (1)
 (Työjärjestyksen 104 artiklan 3 kohta - Tietoyhteiskunta - Tekijänoikeus ja lähioikeudet - Tiettyjen liikennetietojen säilyttäminen ja paljastaminen - Sähköisen viestinnän luottamuksellisuuden suoja - Direktiivin 2001/29/EY 8 artiklan 3 kohdassa tarkoitetun ”välittäjän” käsite)
 2009/C 113/28
 Oikeudenkäyntikieli: saksa
 Ennakkoratkaisua pyytänyt tuomioistuin
 Oberster Gerichtshof
 Asianosaiset
 Kantaja: LSG-Gesellschaft zur Wahrnehmung von Leistungsschutzrechten GmbH
 Vastaaja: Tele2 Telecommunication GmbH
 Oikeudenkäynnin kohde
 Ennakkoratkaisupyyntö — Oberster Gerichtshof (Itävalta) — Tekijänoikeuden ja lähioikeuksien tiettyjen piirteiden yhdenmukaistamisesta tietoyhteiskunnassa 22.5.2001 annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2001/29/EY (EYVL L 167, s. 10) 5 artiklan 1 kohdan a alakohdan ja 8 artiklan 3 kohdan, teollis- ja tekijänoikeuksien noudattamisen varmistamisesta 29.4.2004 annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2004/48/EY (EYVL L 157, s. 45) 8 artiklan 3 kohdan sekä henkilötietojen käsittelystä ja yksityisyyden suojasta sähköisen viestinnän alalla (sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojadirektiivi) 12.7.2001 annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2002/58/EY (EYVL L 201, s. 37) 6 ja 15 artiklan tulkinta — Internetyhteyspalvelujen tarjoajan luokittelu välittäjäksi — Kansallinen lainsäädäntö, jossa asetetaan välittäjille velvollisuus luovuttaa siviiliprosessia varten tietoja yksityishenkilöille, joiden tekijänoikeutta on loukattu — Tiedostojenjakojärjestelmiin osallistuvien käyttäjien nimien ja osoitteiden ilmoittaminen tekijänoikeusjärjestölle
 Määräysosa
 1)
 Yhteisön oikeus eikä etenkään teollis- ja tekijänoikeuksien noudattamisen varmistamisesta 29.4.2004 annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2004/48/EY 8 artiklan 3 kohta, kun sitä tulkitaan yhdessä henkilötietojen käsittelystä ja yksityisyyden suojasta sähköisen viestinnän alalla 22.5.2001 annetun Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiivin 2002/58/EY (sähköisen viestinnän tietosuojadirektiivi) 15 artiklan 1 kohdan kanssa, ei ole esteenä sille, että jäsenvaltiot säätävät velvollisuudesta luovuttaa yksityisille kolmansille osapuolille liikennettä koskevia henkilötietoja, jotta siviilituomioistuimissa voidaan panna vireille menettely tekijänoikeuksien loukkauksia vastaan. Yhteisön oikeus edellyttää kuitenkin, että jäsenvaltioiden on pannessaan tietoyhteiskunnan palveluja, erityisesti sähköistä kaupankäyntiä, sisämarkkinoilla koskevista tietyistä oikeudellisista näkökohdista 8.6.2000 annettua Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiiviä 2000/31/EY (”Direktiivi sähköisestä kaupankäynnistä”), tekijänoikeuden ja lähioikeuksien tiettyjen piirteiden yhdenmukaistamisesta tietoyhteiskunnassa 22.5.2001 annettua Euroopan parlamentin ja neuvoston direktiiviä 2001/29/EY, direktiiviä 2002/58 ja direktiiviä 2004/48 täytäntöön huolehdittava siitä, että ne nojautuvat sellaiseen kyseisten direktiivien tulkintaan, jolla voidaan varmistaa kyseessä olevien eri perusoikeuksien välinen oikea tasapaino. Jäsenvaltioiden viranomaisten ja tuomioistuinten on lisäksi pannessaan täytäntöön mainittujen direktiivien noudattamisen edellyttämiä toimenpiteitä tulkittava kansallista oikeuttaan näiden samojen direktiivien mukaisesti, ja tämän lisäksi ne eivät myöskään saa nojautua sellaiseen kyseisten direktiivien tulkintaan, joka johtaisi ristiriitaan perusoikeuksien kanssa tai muiden yhteisön oikeuden yleisten periaatteiden, kuten suhteellisuusperiaatteen, kanssa.
 2)
 Sellaista yhteyden tarjoajaa, joka vain järjestää käyttäjille internetyhteyden, mutta ei tarjoa mitään muita palveluja, kuten muun muassa sähköpostia ja tiedostojen siirto- tai jakopalvelua, eikä valvo käytettyä palvelua oikeudellisesti tai tosiasiallisesti, on pidettävä direktiivin 2001/29 8 artiklan 3 kohdassa tarkoitettuna ”välittäjänä”.
 (1) EUVL C 64, 8.3.2008.


type: wikipedia

text:
Il Kouros di Tenea, conosciuto anche come Apollo di Tenea, è una statua in marmo pario alta 153 cm e databile al 560-550 a.C. circa. È conservata nella Gliptoteca di Monaco di Baviera.
 Rinvenuto nel 1846 a Tenea, località vicina a Corinto, non fu subito chiaro né quale fosse la sua funzione né chi rappresentasse: se in passato era identificata con Apollo, oggi si crede che raffigurasse un uomo defunto, dato che il contesto archeologico era quello di una necropoli.
 Descrizione e stile
 L’opera presenta diversi elementi tipici della statuaria di VI secolo a.C.: la posizione è rigida e frontale, il peso è diviso ugualmente su entrambi i piedi, di cui il sinistro è di poco avanzato, e compare il sorriso arcaico che deve dare un senso di profondità al volto. Rispetto a precedenti sculture di scuola peloponnesiaca, come Kleobis e Biton, il kouros di Tenea dimostra una chiara influenza di origine insulare ed ateniese per quanto riguarda la rotondità dei volumi e la concezione più organica del corpo.
 Voci correlate
 Scultura greca arcaica
 Altri progetti
 Collegamenti esterni
 Informazioni
 Descrizione
 Sculture marmoree
 Tenea


type: legislation

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 8.6.2017
 RO
 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene
 L 145/18
 REGULAMENTUL DE PUNERE ÎN APLICARE (UE) 2017/963 AL COMISIEI
 din 7 iunie 2017
 privind autorizarea preparatului de endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (clasificat anterior ca Aspergillus aculeatus) (CBS 589.94), endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (clasificat anterior ca Trichoderma longibrachiatum) (CBS 592.94), alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553), endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842) și bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554) ca aditiv furajer pentru toate speciile aviare și pentru purceii înțărcați și de modificare a Regulamentelor (CE) nr. 358/2005 și (UE) nr. 1270/2009 (titularul autorizației: Kemin Europa NV)
 (Text cu relevanță pentru SEE)
 COMISIA EUROPEANĂ,
 având în vedere Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene,
 având în vedere Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 22 septembrie 2003 privind aditivii din hrana animalelor (1), în special articolul 9 alineatul (2),
 întrucât:
 (1)
 Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003 prevede autorizarea aditivilor destinați utilizării în hrana animalelor și stabilește motivele și procedurile de acordare a unei astfel de autorizații. Articolul 10 din regulamentul respectiv prevede reevaluarea aditivilor autorizați în temeiul Directivei 70/524/CEE a Consiliului (2).
 (2)
 Preparatul de endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (clasificat anterior ca Aspergillus aculeatus) (CBS 589.94), endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (clasificat anterior ca Trichoderma longibrachiatum) (CBS 592.94), alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553) și endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842) și bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554) a fost autorizat fără limită de timp în conformitate cu Directiva 70/524/CEE ca aditiv furajer pentru puii pentru îngrășare prin Regulamentul (CE) nr. 358/2005 al Comisiei (3), pentru curcanii pentru îngrășare și purceii înțărcați prin Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1270/2009 al Comisiei (4). Preparatul respectiv a fost ulterior înscris în Registrul aditivilor pentru hrana animalelor ca produs existent, în conformitate cu articolul 10 alineatul (1) din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003.
 (3)
 În conformitate cu articolul 10 alineatul (2) din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003 coroborat cu articolul 7 din respectivul regulament, s-a depus o cerere pentru reevaluarea preparatului de endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (clasificat anterior ca Aspergillus aculeatus) (CBS 589.94), endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (clasificat anterior ca Trichoderma longibrachiatum) (CBS 592.94), alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553), endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842) și bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554) ca aditiv furajer pentru pui pentru îngrășare, curcani pentru îngrășare și purcei înțărcați și, în conformitate cu articolul 7 din regulamentul menționat, în vederea unei noi autorizări ca aditiv furajer pentru toate speciile aviare. Solicitantul a cerut ca aditivul respectiv să fie clasificat în categoria „aditivi zootehnici”. Cererea respectivă a fost însoțită de informațiile și documentele necesare în temeiul articolului 7 alineatul (3) din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003.
 (4)
 În avizul său din 9 septembrie 2015 (5), Autoritatea Europeană pentru Siguranța Alimentară (denumită în continuare „autoritatea”) a concluzionat că, în condițiile propuse de utilizare, aditivul nu are efecte adverse asupra sănătății animalelor, a sănătății umane sau a mediului. Autoritatea a mai concluzionat că utilizarea preparatului are potențialul de a fi eficace la puii pentru îngrășare, la curcanii pentru îngrășare și la găinile ouătoare (6). S-a considerat că aceste concluzii pot fi extinse la puicuțele pentru ouat și la curcanii crescuți pentru reproducție. Totodată, autoritatea a considerat că modul de acțiune al enzimelor prezente în aditiv poate fi considerat similar în cazul tuturor speciilor aviare, așadar concluziile privind eficacitatea la speciile majore de păsări de curte pot fi extrapolate la speciile minore de păsări de curte și la păsările ornamentale.
 (5)
 În ceea ce privește utilizarea aditivului la purceii înțărcați, autoritatea nu s-a putut pronunța cu privire la eficacitatea aditivului la purceii înțărcați, din cauza lipsei datelor. Cu toate acestea, în cadrul unui studiu s-a observat o creștere semnificativ mai mare în greutate și un indice mai ridicat de conversie a hranei decât la grupul de control, iar în cadrul unui al doilea studiu rezultatele au indicat o îmbunătățire a creșterii medii zilnice în greutate la femele, care nu a fost însă confirmată la masculi. Aceste dovezi au fost considerate un indiciu substanțial de îmbunătățire a parametrilor zootehnici de creștere în greutate, pe lângă tradiția îndelungată de utilizare. Prin urmare, s-a considerat că datele furnizate îndeplinesc condițiile pentru demonstrarea eficacității aditivului la purceii înțărcați.
 (6)
 Autoritatea nu consideră că sunt necesare cerințe specifice de monitorizare ulterioară introducerii pe piață. Ea a verificat, de asemenea, raportul referitor la metoda de analiză a aditivului în hrana pentru animale, prezentat de laboratorul de referință înființat prin Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003.
 (7)
 Evaluarea preparatului de endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (clasificat anterior ca Aspergillus aculeatus) (CBS 589.94), endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (clasificat anterior ca Trichoderma longibrachiatum) (CBS 592.94), alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553), endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842) și bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554) arată că sunt îndeplinite condițiile de autorizare prevăzute la articolul 5 din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1831/2003. În consecință, utilizarea preparatului respectiv ar trebui autorizată, astfel cum se specifică în anexa la prezentul regulament.
 (8)
 Regulamentele (CE) nr. 358/2005 și (UE) nr. 1270/2009 ar trebui modificate în consecință.
 (9)
 Deoarece niciun motiv de siguranță nu impune aplicarea imediată a modificărilor condițiilor de autorizare, este rezonabil să se prevadă o perioadă de tranziție pentru a permite părților interesate să se pregătească pentru a îndeplini noile cerințe care decurg din autorizare.
 (10)
 Măsurile prevăzute în prezentul regulament sunt conforme cu avizul Comitetului permanent pentru plante, animale, produse alimentare și hrană pentru animale,
 ADOPTĂ PREZENTUL REGULAMENT:
 Articolul 1
 Autorizare
 Preparatul indicat în anexă, aparținând categoriei „aditivi zootehnici” și grupului funcțional „promotori de digestibilitate”, se autorizează ca aditiv pentru hrana pentru animale în condițiile prevăzute în anexa respectivă.
 Articolul 2
 Modificări aduse Regulamentului (CE) nr. 358/2005
 În anexa I la Regulamentul (CE) nr. 358/2005, rubrica E1620 referitoare la endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază EC 3.2.1.6, endo-1,4-beta-glucanază EC 3.2.1.4, alfa-amilază EC 3.2.1.1, bacilolizină EC 3.4.24.28 și endo-1,4-beta-xilanază EC 3.2.1.8 se elimină.
 Articolul 3
 Modificări aduse Regulamentului (UE) nr. 1270/2009
 Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1270/2009 se modifică după cum urmează:
 1.
 Articolul 2 se elimină.
 2.
 Anexa II se elimină.
 Articolul 4
 Măsuri tranzitorii
 Preparatul specificat în anexă și hrana pentru animale care conține acest preparat, care sunt produse și etichetate înainte de 28 decembrie 2017 în conformitate cu normele aplicabile înainte de 28 iunie 2017, pot continua să fie introduse pe piață și utilizate până la epuizarea stocurilor existente.
 Articolul 5
 Intrare în vigoare
 Prezentul regulament intră în vigoare în a douăzecea zi de la data publicării în Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene.
 Prezentul regulament este obligatoriu în toate elementele sale și se aplică direct în toate statele membre.
 Adoptat la Bruxelles, 7 iunie 2017.
 Pentru Comisie
 Președintele
 Jean-Claude JUNCKER
 (1) JO L 268, 18.10.2003, p. 29.
 (2) Directiva 70/524/CEE a Consiliului din 23 noiembrie 1970 privind aditivii din hrana animalelor (JO L 270, 14.12.1970, p. 1).
 (3) Regulamentul (CE) nr. 358/2005 al Comisiei din 2 martie 2005 privind autorizarea fără limită de timp a anumitor aditivi și autorizarea unor noi utilizări în hrana animalelor ale unor aditivi deja autorizați (JO L 57, 3.3.2005, p. 3).
 (4) Regulamentul (UE) nr. 1270/2009 al Comisiei din 21 decembrie 2009 privind autorizarea permanentă a anumitor aditivi din hrana animalelor (JO L 339, 22.12.2009, p. 28).
 (5) EFSA Journal 2015; 13(9):4234.
 (6) Din cauza lipsei de date adecvate cu privire la recuperarea enzimelor, studiile de eficacitate nu au putut să ajungă la o concluzie privind eficacitatea la doza recomandată, bazându-se în schimb pe calcule și referindu-se numai la doza nominală.
 ANEXĂ
 Numărul de identificare al aditivului
 Numele deținătorului autorizației
 Aditivul
 Compoziția, formula chimică, descrierea, metoda de analiză
 Specia sau categoria de animale
 Vârsta maximă
 Conținutul minim
 Conținutul maxim
 Alte dispoziții
 Sfârșitul perioadei de autorizare
 Unități de activitate/kg de furaj complet cu un conținut de umiditate de 12 %
 Categoria: aditivi zootehnici. Grupa funcțională: promotori de digestibilitate
 4a1620i
 Kemin Europa NV
 Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază
 EC 3.2.1.6
 Endo-1,4-beta-glucanază
 EC 3.2.1.4
 Alfa-amilază
 EC 3.2.1.1
 Endo-1,4-beta-xilanază EC 3.2.1.8
 Bacilolizină
 EC 3.4.24.28
 Compoziția aditivului
 Preparat de:
 —
 endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (clasificat anterior ca Aspergillus aculeatus) (CBS 589.94);
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (clasificat anterior ca Trichoderma longibrachiatum) (CBS 592.94);
 —
 alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553);
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842);
 —
 bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554) cu o activitate minimă de:
 —
 Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază: 2 350 U (1)/g;
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-glucanază: 18 000 U (2)/g;
 —
 alfa-amilază: 400 U (3)/g;
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-xilanază: 35 000 U (4)/g;
 —
 bacilolizină 1 700 U (5)/g
 Stare solidă
 Caracterizarea substanței active
 —
 endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază produsă de Aspergillus aculeatinus (CBS 589.94);
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-glucanază produsă de Trichoderma reesei (CBS 592.94);
 —
 alfa-amilază produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9553);
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-xilanază produsă de Trichoderma viride (NIBH FERM BP4842);
 —
 bacilolizină produsă de Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (DSM 9554).
 Pui pentru îngrășare
 Puicuțe pentru ouat
 Specii aviare minore pentru ouat
 Specii aviare minore crescute pentru ouat
 Păsări ornamentale
 Purcei (înțărcați)
 —
 Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază
 1 175 U
 Endo-1,4-beta-glucanază
 9 000 U
 Alfa-amilază
 200 U
 Endo-1,4-beta-xilanază
 17 500 U
 Bacilolizină
 850 U
 —
 1.
 A se menționa condițiile de depozitare și stabilitatea la tratament termic în instrucțiunile de utilizare a aditivului și a preamestecurilor.
 2.
 Pentru utilizare în hrana purceilor înțărcați de până la 35 kg greutate corporală.
 3.
 Pentru utilizatorii aditivului și ai preamestecurilor, operatorii din sectorul hranei pentru animale stabilesc proceduri operaționale și măsuri organizatorice pentru a contracara riscurile potențiale care rezultă din utilizarea acestora. În cazul în care riscurile respective nu pot fi eliminate sau reduse la minimum prin astfel de proceduri și de măsuri, aditivul și preamestecurile se utilizează purtând echipament individual de protecție, inclusiv echipament de protecție respiratorie și cutanată.
 4.
 Nivelurile de utilizare recomandate pentru găinile ouătoare: endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază:1 175 U; endo-1,4-beta-glucanază: 9 000 U; alfa-amilază: 200 U; endo-1,4-beta-xilanază: 17 500 U; bacilolizină: 850 U/kg de furaj complet.
 28 iunie 2027
 Metoda de analiză
 (6)
 Pentru determinarea în aditivii furajeri a:
 —
 endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanazei în aditivii furajeri: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe hidroliza enzimatică a glucanazei pe substratul beta-glucan din orz la un pH de 7,5 și la 30 °C,
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-glucanazei în aditivii furajeri: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe hidroliza enzimatică a celulazei pe carboximetilceluloză la un pH de 4,8 și la 50 °C,
 —
 alfa-amilazei în aditivii furajeri: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe formarea unor fragmente colorate solubile în apă produse prin acțiunea amilazei pe substraturi de polimer amilaceu legat colateral cu azurină, la un pH de 7,5 și la 37 °C,
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-xilanazei în aditivii furajeri: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe hidroliza enzimatică a xilanazei pe substratul de xilan de lemn de mesteacăn la un pH de 5,3 și la 50 °C,
 —
 bacilolizinei: metodă colorimetrică bazată pe eliberarea colorantului azoic rezultat din acțiunea proteazei asupra substratului azocazeină la un pH de 7,5 și la 37 °C.
 Pentru determinarea în preamestecuri și furaje a:
 —
 endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanazei: metoda de testare pe placă bazată pe difuzia glucanazei și pe decolorarea ulterioară a mediului agar roșu în urma hidrolizei beta-glucanului;
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-glucanazei: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe cuantificarea fragmentelor de colorant solubile în apă produse prin acțiunea celulazei pe substrat de HE-celulosă insolubilă în apă legată colateral cu azurină;
 —
 alfa-amilazei: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe formarea unor fragmente albastre solubile în apă produse prin acțiunea amilazei pe substraturi de polimer amilaceu albastru insolubil legat colateral cu azurină;
 —
 endo-1,4-beta-xilanazei: metoda colorimetrică bazată pe cuantificarea unor fragmente colorate solubile în apă produse prin acțiunea xilanazei pe arabinoxilan din grâu legat colateral cu azurină;
 —
 bacilolizinei: metoda de testare pe placă bazată pe difuzia proteazei în mediul agar azocazeină urmată de hidroliza cazeinei.
 Toți curcanii
 Găini ouătoare
 Specii aviare minore pentru îngrășare
 Endo-1,3(4)-beta-glucanază
 588 U
 Endo-1,4-beta-glucanază
 4 500 U
 Alfa-amilază
 100 U
 Endo-1,4-beta-xilanază
 8 750 U
 Bacilolizină
 425 U
 (1) 1 U reprezintă cantitatea de enzimă care eliberează 0,0056 micromoli de zaharuri reducătoare (măsurate în echivalenți glucoză) pe minut din beta-glucan de orz la un pH de 7,5 și la 30 °C.
 (2) 1 U reprezintă cantitatea de enzimă care eliberează 0,0056 micromoli de zaharuri reducătoare (măsurate în echivalenți glucoză) pe minut din carboximetilceluloză, la un pH de 4,8 și la 50 °C.
 (3) 1 U reprezintă cantitatea de enzimă care hidrolizează 1 micromol de legături glicozidice pe minut din polimer amilaceu legat transversal și insolubil în apă, la un pH de 7,5 și la 37 °C.
 (4) 1 U este cantitatea de enzimă care eliberează 0,0067 micromoli de zaharuri reducătoare (măsurate în echivalenți xiloză) pe minut din xilan de lemn de mesteacăn, la un pH de 5,3 și la 50 °C.
 (5) 1 U reprezintă cantitatea de enzimă care solubilizează 1 microgram de substrat de azocazeină pe minut, la un pH de 7,5 și la 37 °C.
 (6) Detalii ale metodelor de analiză sunt disponibile la următoarea adresă a laboratorului de referință: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/eurl/feed-additives/evaluation-reports


text:
30.1.2010
 DA
 Den Europæiske Unions Tidende
 C 24/29
 Anmodning om præjudiciel afgørelse indgivet af College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven den 16. november 2009 — IMC Securities BV mod Stichting Autoriteit Financiële Markten
 (Sag C-445/09)
 2010/C 24/53
 Processprog: nederlandsk
 Den forelæggende ret
 College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven
 Parter i hovedsagen
 Sagsøger: IMC Securities BV2
 Sagsøgt: Stichting Autoriteit Financiële Markten
 Præjudicielt spørgsmål
 Skal kursmisbrugsdirektivets (1) artikel 1, stk. 2, litra a), andet led, fortolkes således, at fremkaldelse af kursændringer inden for et tidsrum som her omhandlet ved hjælp af en flerhed af handlinger med et finansielt instrument, nærmere bestemt transaktioner eller handelsordrer [...], er omfattet af udtrykket »sikrer ... at kursen ligger på et unormalt eller kunstigt niveau« for så vidt angår dette instrument?
 (1) Europa-Parlamentets og Rådets direktiv 2003/6/EF af 28.1.2003 om insiderhandel og kursmanipulation (markedsmisbrug) (EUT L 96, s. 16).


text:
 21.7.2007
 LV
 Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis
 C 170/41
 Prasība, kas celta 2007. gada 4. jūnijā — Itālija/Komisija
 (Lieta T-205/07)
 (2007/C 170/78)
 Tiesvedības valoda — itāļu
 Lietas dalībnieki
 Prasītāja: Itālijas Republika (pārstāvis — P. Gentili, Avvocato dello Stato)
 Atbildētāja: Eiropas Kopienu Komisija
 Prasītājas prasījumi:
 —
 atcelt paziņojumu EPSO/CAST/EU/27/07 par uzaicinājumu izteikt interesi izveidot datubāzi kandidātiem, kurus nodarbināt kā līgumdarbiniekus, lai izpildītu dažādus darbus Eiropas iestādēs un aģentūrās, ko 2007. gada 27. martā Eiropas Personāla atlases biroja (EPSO) globālajā tīmeklī http://europe.eu.epso/cast27/call publicēja tikai angļu, franču un vācu valodā.
 Pamati un galvenie argumenti
 Tiesību pamati un galvenie argumenti ir līdzīgi tiem, kas norādīti lietā T-156/07 Spānija/Komisija.


text:
Niels Kaj Jerne (født 23. december 1911 i London, død 7. oktober 1994) var en dansk (engelsk-født) immunolog. Han blev tildelt Nobelprisen i fysiologi eller medicin i 1984. Begrundelsen lyder: "For teorier omhandlende specificiteten i udviklingen og kontrollen af immunsystemer og opdagelsen af princippet bag monoklonale modstoffer". Han delte prisen med Georges J. F. Köhler og César Milstein.
 De første år
 Hans forfædre havde boet på Fanø i århundreder, men i 1910 flyttede hans forældre til London, hvor Jerne blev født i 1911. Under Første Verdenskrig flyttede familien til Holland og Jernes ungdomsår blev udlevet i Rotterdam. Efter at have studeret fysik i to år ved Leiden Universitet flyttede Jerne til København og skiftede studieretning til medicin. Han afsluttede sine studier ved Københavns Universitet i 1947, og i 1951 fik han en doktorgrad.
 Omtales i bogen Det 20. århundrede - De 100 mest betydningsfulde personer i Danmark redigeret af Connie Hedegaard og Claus Hagen Petersen.
 Privatliv
 Jerne blev gift tre gange og fik to sønner. Ivar Jerne (født 1936) og Donald Jerne (født 1941) med konen Tjek Jerne. Han fik også en tredje søn i 1971 med Gertrud Wettstein kaldet Andreas Wettstein.
 Litteratur
 Sekundær
 Söderqvist, Thomas, Hvilken kamp for at undslippe. En biografi om immunologen og nobelpristageren Niels Kaj Jerne. Valby: Borgens forlag, 1998. 755 sider, ill. Biografien omhandler Jernes liv, verdensbillede og livsanskuelser, hans videnskabelige arbejde, der førte frem til nobelprisen i 1984, samt sammenhængen mellem privatpersonen og videnskabsmanden.
 engelsk udgave, Science as autobiography: the troubled life of Niels Jerne (translated by David Mel Paul). New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
 Noter
 Eksterne henvisninger
 Nobelprismodtagere i medicin
 Nobelprismodtagere fra Danmark
 Læger fra Danmark
 Personer i Kraks Blå Bog (afdøde)
 Personer fra London
 Dansksprogede forfattere fra Danmark
 Immunologer
 Alumni fra Københavns Universitet


type: other

text:
ΟΑΕΔ: ΔEργαστήριο Ενεργοποίησης Ανέργων σε Αθήνα και Θεσσαλονίκη
 Eργαστήριο Ενεργοποίησης-Κινητοποίησης Ανέργων στους νομούς Αττικής και Θεσσαλονίκκης, θα υλοποιήσει ο ΟΑΕΔ την Πέμπτη, 23 Φεβρουαρίου, από τις 09.30...
 Wed, 08/02/2017 - 14:17
 Ο ΟΑΕΔ προωθεί νέο πρόγραμμα επιχορήγησης επιχειρήσεων με στόχο την απασχόληση ανέργων που βρίσκονται σε μειονεκτική θέση, ηλικίας άνω των 50 ετών...
 Έως τις 6/2, οι αιτήσεις συμμετοχής στο πρόγραμμα κοινωφελούς εργασίας
 Έως τη Δευτέρα 6 Φεβρουαρίου, παρατείνεται η προθεσμία υποβολής των αιτήσεων συμμετοχής για την τρίτη φάση της νέας γενιάς προγραμμάτων κοινωφελούς...
 Thu, 02/02/2017 - 12:11
 Οριστικός πίνακας κατάταξης ανέργων για 4.000 θέσεις εργασίας από τον ΟΑΕΔ
 Αναρτήθηκε σήμερα 30 Ιανουαρίου 2017 στη διαδικτυακή πύλη του ΟΑΕΔ www.oaed.gr, στην ενότητα Πρόγραμμα μακροχρόνια ανέργων στον δημόσιο τομέα...
 Mon, 30/01/2017 - 15:44
 ΟΑΕΔ: Μέχρι της 6 Φεβρουαρίου οι αιτήσεις για απασχόληση στους δήμους
 Μέχρι τις 12 το μεσημέρι της Δευτέρας 6 Φεβρουαρίου θα γίνονται δεκτές αιτήσεις συμμετοχής στο πρόγραμμα Κοινωφελούς Χαρακτήρα για απασχόληση σε...
 Tue, 14/02/2017 - 09:48
 Από σήμερα οι αιτήσεις για 24.2521 θέσεις για τα κοινωφελή προγράμματα του ΟΑΕΔ - Αναλυτικά τα κριτήρια
 Στη δημιουργία 24.251 θέσεων πλήρους απασχόλησης, μέσω της πρόσληψης προσωπικού σε όλους τους Δήμους της χώρας, αφορά η πρώτη Δημόσια Πρόσκληση (Νο 1...
 Αναρτήθηκαν οι προσωρινοί πίνακες για 4000 θέσεις εργασίας στο τομέα της υγείας
 Ανάρτηση προσωρινών πινάκων κατάταξης μακροχρόνια ανέργων για 4000 θέσεις εργασίας του «Ειδικού Προγράμματος απασχόλησης μακροχρόνια ανέργων στο...
 Wed, 11/01/2017 - 13:52
 Εργαστήρια ενεργοποίησης ανέργων στους νομούς Αττικής και Θεσσαλονίκης στις 17/1
 Thu, 05/01/2017 - 11:23
 ΟΑΕΔ: Τα επιδόματα για τους ανέργους και οι προϋποθέσεις
 Επίδομα ανεργίας από τον ΟΑΕΔ μπορούν να λάβουν 2 κατηγορίες ανέργων χωρίς να αποτελεί προϋπόθεση η απόλυση από τον εργοδότη....
 Tue, 20/12/2016 - 15:39
 ΟΑΕΔ: Από σήμερα η καταβολή επιδομάτων και δώρου Χριστουγέννων
 Από σήμερα αρχίζει, σύμφωνα με ανακοίνωση του ΟΑΕΔ, η καταβολή του δώρου Χριστουγέννων στους επιδοτούμενους ανέργους και στις δικαιούχους της...


text:
 12.1.2015
 FR
 Journal officiel de l'Union européenne
 C 7/4
 Arrêt de la Cour (première chambre) du 5 novembre 2014 (demande de décision préjudicielle de l’Administrativen sad Sofia-grad — Bulgarie) — Snezhana Somova/Glaven director na Stolichno upravlenie «Sotsialno osiguryavane»
 (Affaire C-103/13) (1)
 ((Renvoi préjudiciel - Sécurité sociale - Règlement (CEE) no 1408/71 - Articles 12, 45, 46 et 94 - Réglementation nationale soumettant l’octroi d’une pension à une condition d’interruption des cotisations à l’assurance vieillesse - Rachat d’une période d’assurance manquante en contrepartie du paiement des cotisations - Concomitance de périodes d’assurance dans plusieurs États membres - Faculté de l’assuré d’écarter la règle du cumul des durées des périodes de cotisation et d’assurance - Retrait de la pension octroyée et recouvrement du trop-perçu - Obligation de payer des intérêts))
 (2015/C 007/05)
 Langue de procédure: le bulgare
 Juridiction de renvoi
 Administrativen sad Sofia-grad
 Parties dans la procédure au principal
 Partie requérante: Snezhana Somova
 Partie défenderesse: Glaven director na Stolichno upravlenie «Sotsialno osiguryavane»
 Dispositif
 1)
 L’article 49 TFUE s’oppose à la réglementation d’un État membre, telle que l’article 94, paragraphe 1, du code des assurances sociales (Kodeks za sotsialnoto osiguryavane), selon laquelle la liquidation des droits à pension de vieillesse est soumise à la condition préalable de l’interruption du versement des cotisations de sécurité sociale afférentes à une activité exercée dans un autre État membre.
 2)
 Les articles 45, 46, paragraphe 2, et 94, paragraphe 2, du règlement (CEE) no 1408/71 du Conseil, du 14 juin 1971, relatif à l’application des régimes de sécurité sociale aux travailleurs salariés, aux travailleurs non salariés et aux membres de leur famille qui se déplacent à l’intérieur de la Communauté, dans sa version modifiée et mise à jour par le règlement (CE) no 118/97 du Conseil, du 2 décembre 1996, tel que modifié par le règlement (CE) no 1992/2006 du Parlement européen et du Conseil, du 18 décembre 2006, doivent être interprétés en ce sens qu’ils ne confèrent pas aux assurés sociaux la faculté de choisir que ne soient pas prises en compte, aux fins de la détermination des droits ouverts dans un État membre, les périodes d’assurance accomplies dans un autre État membre avant la date d’application de ce règlement dans ce premier État membre.
 (1) JO C 129 du 04.05.2013.


text:
 18.12.2010
 LT
 Europos Sąjungos oficialusis leidinys
 C 346/26
 2010 m. liepos 5 d.Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per la Lombardia — Sezione Terza (Italija) pateiktas prašymas priimti prejudicinį sprendimą byloje Edipower SpA prieš Autorità per l'Energia Elettrica e il Gas
 (Byla C-332/10)
 ()
 2010/C 346/43
 Proceso kalba: italų
 Prašymą priimti prejudicinį sprendimą pateikęs teismas
 Tribunale Amministrativo Regionale per la Lombardia — Sezione Terza
 Šalys pagrindinėje byloje
 Ieškovė: Edipower SpA
 Atsakovė: Autorità per l'Energia Elettrica e il Gas
 Prejudicinis klausimas
 Ar Sutarties 23, 43, 49 ir 56 straipsniais bei 2003 m. Direktyvos Nr. 54 (1) 11 straipsnio 2 ir 6 dalimis ir 24 straipsniu draudžiami nacionalinės teisės aktai, kuriais nepranešus ES Komisijai atitinkami elektros energijos gamintojai, kurie konkrečiomis aplinkybėmis yra esminiai tenkinant dispečerinio valdymo paslaugos poreikį, nuolat įpareigojami elektros biržoje pagal tinklo operatoriaus nustatytus reikalavimus pateikti pasiūlymus, ir kuriais iš gamintojų atimama galimybė nustatyti šių pasiūlymų vertę, taikant kriterijus, kurie nebuvo iš anksto nustatyti remiantis „skaidria, nediskriminuojančia, rinkos veikimu paremta tvarka“?
 (1) OL L 176, p. 37; 2004 m. specialusis leidimas lietuvių k., 12 sk., 2 t., p. 211


text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 52000PC0404
 Ehdotus: neuvoston asetus tiettyjä kalastustuotteita koskevien yhteisön autonomisten tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta ja hallinnoinnista /* KOM/2000/0404 lopull. */
 Ehdotus: NEUVOSTON ASETUS tiettyjä kalastustuotteita koskevien yhteisön autonomisten tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta ja hallinnoinnista(komission esittämä)PERUSTELUT1. Neuvoston päätöksen mukaisesti toteutetun kalastustuotteiden autonomisia etuusmenettelyjä koskevan vuotuisen kokonaistarkastelun yhteydessä komissio on toteuttanut markkinatutkimuksen ja tutkimuksen käyttäjäteollisuuden hankintatarpeista vuoden 2000 aikana.2. Ottaen huomioon yhteisön sisä- ja ulkopolitiikan vaatimukset komissio ehdottaa tiettyjä tariffitoimenpiteitä, erityisesti tariffikiintiöitä, joilla voidaan varmistaa yhteisön tuotannon menekki noudattaen yhteisen markkinajärjestelyn velvollisuuksia ja sääntöjä, varmistamalla samalla jalostusteollisuuden hankinnat edellytyksin, joissa otetaan huomioon kansainvälisten markkinoiden tilanne ja sen odotettavissa olevat muutokset.3. Näillä edellytyksillä varataan asianomaisille tuotteille avattavat tariffikiintiöt jalostettaviksi tarkoitetuille tuotteille, jotka ovat vahvistetuista tai vahvistettavista viitehinnoista säädettyjen edellytysten mukaisia.4. Toisaalta tässä asetusehdotuksessa säädetään, että kyseiset tariffikiintiöt avataan 1 päivän elokuu 2000 ja 31 päivän joulukuuta 2000 väliseksi ajanjaksoksi, jotta voidaan varmistaa mahdollisuus suunnitella teollisuuden hankintoja vahingoittamatta yhteisön tuottajien tulojen tasapainoa.Edellä esitetyt asiat ovat seuraavan asetusehdotuksen tavoitteina.Ehdotus: NEUVOSTON ASETUS tiettyjä kalastustuotteita koskevien yhteisön autonomisten tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta ja hallinnoinnistaEUROOPAN UNIONIN NEUVOSTO, jokaottaa huomioon Euroopan yhteisön perustamissopimuksen ja erityisesti sen 26 artiklan,ottaa huomioon komission ehdotuksen,sekä katsoo seuraavaa:(1) Tiettyjen kalastustuotteiden saatavuus yhteisössä on tällä hetkellä riippuvainen kolmansista maista tulevasta tuonnista; on yhteisön edun mukaista suspendoida osittain tai kokonaan kyseisiin tuotteisiin sovellettavat tullit määrältään riittävien yhteisön tariffikiintiöiden rajoissa; sen varmistamiseksi, että yhteisön kyseisen tuotannon tulevaisuuden näkymiä ei vaaranneta ja että käyttäjäteollisuuden riittävät hankinnat voidaan taata, olisi avattava kyseiset tariffikiintiöt siten, että niiden tullit vaihtelevat eri tuotteiden yhteisön markkinoilla vallitsevan arkuustason mukaan.(2) Olisi taattava erityisesti kaikille yhteisön tuojille tasapuolinen ja jatkuva mahdollisuus käyttää kyseisiä kiintiöitä ja taattava näitä kiintiöitä varten säädettyjen tullien keskeytymätön soveltaminen kyseisten tuotteiden tuonnissa kaikkiin jäsenvaltioihin kiintiöiden täyttymiseen saakka.(3) Yhteisön olisi päätettävä tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta yksipuolisesti; mikään ei kuitenkaan estä sitä, että näiden kiintiöiden yhteisen hallinnoinnin tehokkuuden varmistamiseksi jäsenvaltioille annetaan lupa lukea kiintiöihin tarvitsemansa tosiasiallista tuontia vastaavat määrät; tällainen hallinnointitapa edellyttää kuitenkin tiivistä yhteistyötä jäsenvaltioiden ja komission välillä, koska komission olisi erityisesti voitava seurata kiintiöiden kokonaismäärien täyttymistä ja ilmoittaa siitä jäsenvaltioille.(4) Tietyistä yhteisön tullikoodeksista annetun neuvoston asetuksen (ETY) N:o 2913/92 soveltamista koskevista säännöksistä 2 päivänä heinäkuuta 1993 annettuun komission asetukseen (ETY) N:o 2454/93 [1], on kodifioitu sellaisten tariffikiintiöiden hallinnointisäännöt, joita on tarkoitus käyttää tulli-ilmoitusten hyväksymispäivämäärien mukaisessa aikajärjestyksessä.[1] EYVL L 253, 11.10.1993, s. 1, asetus sellaisena kuin se on viimeksi muutettuna asetuksella (EY) N:o 1662/99 (EYVL L 197, 29.7.1999, s.25).(5) Kun trooppisen katkaravun hankintatilannetta yhteisön markkinoilla tarkasteltiin, kävi ilmi, että erityisesti tämän lajin niin kutsutun valkotäplätaudin seurausten vuoksi käyttäjäteollisuuden hankintatarpeet eivät tule enää riittävästi tyydytetyiksi. Tämän vuoksi olisi avattava autonominen tariffikiintiö rajoitetulle määrälle rajoitetuksi ajaksi.(6) Ottaen huomioon tämän asetuksen taloudellinen merkitys olisi sovellettava Amsterdamin sopimuksen liitteenä olevan kansallisten kansanedustuslaitosten asemaa Euroopan unionissa koskevan pöytäkirjan I osan 3 kohdassa olevaa määräystä asian kiireellisyydestä,ON ANTANUT TÄMÄN ASETUKSEN:1 artikla1. Liitteessä lueteltujen tuotteiden tuontiin sovellettavat tullit suspendoidaan kullekin tuotteelle ilmoitetulle tasolle, ilmoitetuksi ajanjaksoksi ja ilmoitettuun määrään asti.2. Kyseisten tuotteiden tuonti voidaan lukea 1 kohdassa tarkoitettuihin kiintiöihin ainoastaan, jos jäsenvaltioiden yhteisestä kalastus- ja vesiviljelytuotealan markkinajärjestelystä 17 päivänä joulukuuta 1992 annetun neuvoston asetuksen (ETY) N:o 3759/92 [2] 22 artiklan mukaisesti vahvistama vapaasti rajalla -hinta on vähintään yhtä suuri kuin kyseisten tuotteiden tai tuoteluokkien viitehinta jonka yhteisö on vahvistanut tai vahvistaa.[2] EYVL L 388, 31.12.1992, s. 1, asetus sellaisena kuin se on viimeksi muutettuna asetuksella (EY) N:o 3318/94 ( EYVL L 350, 31.12.1994, s. 15).2 artiklaKomissio hallinnoi 1 artiklassa tarkoitettuja tariffikiintiöitä asetuksen (ETY) N:o 2454/93 308 a ja 308 c artiklan säännösten mukaisesti.3 artiklaJäsenvaltiot ja komissio toimivat tiiviissä yhteistyössä varmistaakseen tämän asetuksen noudattamisen.4 artiklaTämä asetus tulee voimaan seitsemäntenä päivänä sen jälkeen, kun se on julkaistu Euroopan yhteisöjen virallisessa lehdessä.Sitä sovelletaan 1 päivästä elokuu 2000.Tämä asetus on kaikilta osiltaan velvoittava, ja sitä sovelletaan sellaisenaan kaikissa jäsenvaltioissa.Tehty BrysselissäNeuvoston puolestaPuheenjohtajaLIITE>TAULUKON PAIKKA>(a) Sovelletaan asiaa koskevia yhteisön säännöksiä erityiskäytön valvomiseksi.(b) Kiintiöitä sovelletaan käsiteltäviksi tarkoitettuihin tuotteisiin, jollei niitä käsitellä yksinomaan yhdellä tai useammalla jäljempänä mainitulla tavalla:- perkaaminen, kidusten poistaminen, pyrstön katkaiseminen, pään katkaiseminen,- paloittelu (ei kuitenkaan fileointi, jäädytettyjen harkkojen paloittelu eikä jäädytettyjen, toisistaan erotettavien fileharkkojen halkaisu),- näytteiden otto, lajittelu,- merkitseminen,- pakkaaminen,- jäähdyttäminen,- jäädyttäminen,- pakastaminen,- sulattaminen, erottelu.Kiintiöihin ei voida lukea tuotteita, jotka on tarkoitettu käsiteltäviksi muulla kiintiöihin lukemiseen oikeuttavalla tavalla, jos kyseisen käsittelyn tekee vähittäisliike tai ateriapalveluyritys. Tullien alennusta sovelletaan ainoastaan ihmisravinnoksi tarkoitettuun kalaan.RAHOITUSSELVITYS1. TOIMEN NIMIEhdotus neuvoston asetukseksi (EY) tiettyjä kalastustuotteita koskevien yhteisön autonomisten tariffikiintiöiden avaamisesta ja hallinnoinnista2. BUDJETTIKOHTA / -KOHDAT12 luvun 120 momentti (1210 + 1060)3. OIKEUSPERUSTAperustamissopimuksen 26 artikla4. TOIMEN KUVAUS4.1 Toimen yleistavoiteYhteisön käyttäjäteollisuuden hankintojen varmistaminen edullisin edellytyksin.5. TALOUDELLISET VAIKUTUKSET5.1 Toimen kokonaiskustannusten laskentatapa (yksittäisten kustannuserien ja kokonaiskustannusten välinen yhteys)>TAULUKON PAIKKA>Odotettavissa oleva tulojen menetyksen kokonaismäärä verrattuna edelliseen kiintiökauteen: + 5.924.520 EUR.6. PETOSTENVASTAISET SÄÄNNÖKSETTariffikiintiöiden hallinnoinnista annetuissa säännöksissä säädetään petosten ja sääntöjen vastaisen toiminnan estämiseksi ja niiltä suojautumiseksi tarvittavista toimenpiteistä.


type: contracts

text:
 Avis juridique important
 |
 22001A0530(01)
 Exchange of letters between the Commission of the European Communities and the International Labour Organization
 Official Journal C 156 , 30/05/2001 P. 0005 - 0009
 Exchange of letters between the Commission of the European Communities and the International Labour Organization(2001/C 156/03)Draft letter from the European CommissionDear Mr Director-General,The International Labour Organization and the European Communities have a shared commitment to social and economic progress, to improving living and working conditions, and to promoting employment. Since the first agreement between the ILO and the Communities in 1958, the two organizations have progressively developed their cooperation to further these aims.The ILO and the European Communities, represented by the Commission, last exchanged letters in 1989. Since then, there have been profound changes in Europe while the global economy has been developing rapidly, and both the ILO and the European Communities have significantly reinforced and developed their capacity for responding to new challenges in the area of social and employment policy. It is therefore timely for us to bring our exchange of letters up to date. This new exchange of letters should thus serve, first, to identify the areas in which new challenges have emerged for both our organizations, and second, to establish on that basis the priority areas in which cooperation between the ILO and the Commission would be most beneficial.Since 1989, social and employment issues have increasingly moved to the fore both at the European level and internationally. Globalization has undoubtedly brought many benefits but it is widely felt that these are reaching too few. There has been growing public concern that the social aspects of globalization have been neglected. It is also being recognized that new integrated approaches are called for at various levels, including by the institutions of the international community. The ILO has identified four strategic objectives as crucial to its mandate in the context of globalization: fundamental principles and rights at work, the promotion of employment for women and men, the enhancement of social protection and the promotion of social dialogue. Together, these constitute the essence of "Decent Work". The process of European integration, for its part, has acquired a strong and dynamic social dimension. In this context, the promotion of quality is now at the heart of the EU's agenda for employment, social policy and industrial relations, as the driving force for a thriving economy, more and better jobs and an inclusive society. Moreover, the process of enlargement of the European Union will require the new Member States to adhere to the framework of the European social model.With regard to labour standards and human rights, an area in which the Community and the ILO share a strong common interest, the importance of promoting respect for fundamental principles and rights at work, alongside economic development and trade liberalization, is now more widely recognized than ever. In 1995, the World Summit for Social Development defined a social floor for the global economy in terms of the ILO Conventions covering four basic principles: freedom of association and collective bargaining, freedom from forced labour and discrimination, and the abolition of child labour. In this context, the ILO has reinforced its role as the focal point for international efforts to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work with the adoption of the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. In the European Union, a reference to fundamental social rights is now included in the Treaty itself, as is the possibility of concrete action by the Community against discrimination and social exclusion. Furthermore, the European Union has proclaimed a Charter of Fundamental Rights, which will be another instrument in its efforts to promote economic and social progress. The Community is committed, moreover, to promoting core labour standards throughout its external relations policies and in its development cooperation.With regard to the social dialogue, there have been significant developments in the EU since 1989. The social partners have been given new and enhanced responsibilities in the elaboration of social policy at the European level. This reinforces social dialogue at the EU level while pointing to a new way of moving ahead on social policy matters. These developments are particularly important in view of the forthcoming historic enlargement of the EU.In respect of the promotion of employment, similarly, both the ILO and the European Community have significantly strenghtened their efforts since the last exchange of letters. Indeed, creating greater employment opportunities for women and men has been declared one of the ILO's strategic objectives. The European Union, for its part, has developed an extensive employment strategy which seeks to maximize the employment potential of the European economy while respecting the principle of gender equality. It should further be noted that the ILO and the European Community now have common goals with respect to the promotion of social protection.With regard to development cooperation, the challenges facing the ILO and the Communities have evolved considerably since the 1989 exchange of letters. It is a tribute not least to the advocacy of the ILO that the international system as a whole is increasingly integrating social considerations into programmes and strategies for economic development. This also serves to underscore the lasting importance of the 1995 World Summit for Social Development and its follow-up.On the EU side, the Community aims, through its development cooperation policy in which equity is a guiding principle, to foster sustainable development and to help developing countries to eradicate poverty and to become integrated into the world economy. Indeed, the Community recently agreed that poverty reduction should be the central objective of its development efforts. The ILO's Decent Work agenda is also a development agenda based on growth, employment and jobs. Development cooperation is one means of action which the ILO uses to promote and realize its values while simultaneously responding to the developmental needs of its member States.Against this background, the Commission and the ILO agree that it would be of benefit to both organizations to develop their cooperation by focussing on the following priority areas:- The promotion of labour standards, notably with regard to the principles and rights set out in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work;- The promotion of employment, notably through an exchange of information and experience on the European Employment Strategy and the ILO's efforts to create employment opportunities for women and men;- Social dialogue, not least with a view to the possible dissemination of the lessons from the European experience with social dialogue to other regions of the world;- The social and employment policy aspects of enlargement of the EU, notably with regard to social dialogue;- Social protection, through targeted collaboration on selected themes; and- Development cooperation, notably with a view to strengthening the social dimension of development, while also collaborating at the operational level in the service of sustainable development.In order to develop cooperation in these and in other areas of mutual interest, the Commission and the ILO confirm the usefulness of holding high-level meetings on an annual basis, alternately in Brussels and Geneva, which will review existing cooperation and plan joint activities for the following year.The following provisions of the 1989 exchange of letters will continue to apply:- The Community, represented by the Commission, will continue to be regularly invited to meetings of the ILO's International Labour Conference and of the Governing Body.- The Commission will, in turn and as appropriate, invite representatives of the International Labour Office to meetings of the Commission at service level dealing with social and labour matters likely to be of interest to the International Labour Organization.- The President of the Commission and the Director-General of the ILO, or their representatives, will hold consultations on developments within their respective organizations which are likely to have implications for cooperation between the two parties.- The appropriate form for the exchange of information or assistance in areas of shared interest can be agreed upon on a case by case basis (visit, preparation of a document, working group, financing of projects) by the programme managers concerned.To facilitate cooperation through project financing, the ILO and the Commission will continue to hold discussions with a view to establishing standard financial and administrative modalities for ILO implementation of Commission-funded projects.There is no doubt that by sharing our experience, engaging in joint reflection on new approaches to contemporary social issues and, where appropriate, pooling our expertise, we can both respond even more effectively to the need to promote employment opportunities and to maintain and improve living and working conditions worldwide.Yours faithfully,(...)Draft letter from the ILODear Commissioner,I hereby acknowledge receipt of your letter of (...), the terms of which are as follows: "The International Labour Organization and the European Communities have a shared commitment to social and economic progress, to improving living and working conditions, and to promoting employment. Since the first agreement between the ILO and the Communities in 1958, the two organizations have progressively developed their cooperation to further these aims.The ILO and the European Communities, represented by the Commission, last exchanged letters in 1989. Since then, there have been profound changes in Europe while the global economy has been developing rapidly, and both the ILO and the European Communities have significantly reinforced and developed their capacity for responding to new challenges in the area of social and employment policy. It is therefore timely for us to bring our exchange of letters up to date. This new exchange of letters should thus serve, first, to identify the areas in which new challenges have emerged for both our organizations, and second, to establish on that basis the priority areas in which cooperation between the ILO and the Commission would be most beneficial.Since 1989, social and employment issues have increasingly moved to the fore both at the European level and internationally. Globalization has undoubtedly brought many benefits but it is widely felt that these are reaching too few. There has been growing public concern that the social aspects of globalization have been neglected. It is also being recognized that new integrated approaches are called for at various levels, including by the institutions of the international community. The ILO has identified four strategic objectives as crucial to its mandate in the context of globalization: fundamental principles and rights at work, the promotion of employment for women and men, the enhancement of social protection and the promotion of social dialogue. Together, these constitute the essence of 'Decent Work'. The process of European integration, for its part, has acquired a strong and dynamic social dimension. In this context, the promotion of quality is now at the heart of the EU's agenda for employment, social policy and industrial relations, as the driving force for a thriving economy, more and better jobs and an inclusive society. Moreover, the process of enlargement of the European Union will require the new Member States to adhere to the framework of the European social model.With regard to labour standards and human rights, an area in which the Community and the ILO share a strong common interest, the importance of promoting respect for fundamental principles and rights at work, alongside economic development and trade liberalization, is now more widely recognized than ever. In 1995, the World Summit for Social Development defined a social floor for the global economy in terms of the ILO Conventions covering four basic principles: freedom of association and collective bargaining, freedom from forced labour and discrimination, and the abolition of child labour. In this context, the ILO has reinforced its role as the focal point for international efforts to promote opportunities for women and men to obtain decent and productive work with the adoption of the Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work. In the European Union, a reference to fundamental social rights is now included in the Treaty itself, as is the possibility of concrete action by the Community against discrimination and social exclusion. Furthermore, the European Union has proclaimed a Charter of Fundamental Rights, which will be another instrument in its efforts to promote economic and social progress. The Community is committed, moreover, to promoting core labour standards throughout its external relations policies and in its development cooperation.With regard to the social dialogue, there have been significant developments in the EU since 1989. The social partners have been given new and enhanced responsibilities in the elaboration of social policy at the European level. This reinforces social dialogue at the EU level while pointing to a new way of moving ahead on social policy matters. These developments are particularly important in view of the forthcoming historic enlargement of the EU.In respect of the promotion of employment, similarly, both the ILO and the European Community have significantly strenghtened their efforts since the last exchange of letters. Indeed, creating greater employment opportunities for women and men has been declared one of the ILO's strategic objectives. The European Union, for its part, has developed an extensive employment strategy which seeks to maximize the employment potential of the European economy while respecting the principle of gender equality. It should further be noted that the ILO and the European Community now have common goals with respect to the promotion of social protection.With regard to development cooperation, the challenges facing the ILO and the Communities have evolved considerably since the 1989 exchange of letters. It is a tribute not least to the advocacy of the ILO that the international system as a whole is increasingly integrating social considerations into programmes and strategies for economic development. This also serves to underscore the lasting importance of the 1995 World Summit for Social Development and its follow-up.On the EU side, the Community aims, through its development cooperation policy in which equity is a guiding principle, to foster sustainable development and to help developing countries to eradicate poverty and to become integrated into the world economy. Indeed, the Community recently agreed that poverty reduction should be the central objective of its development efforts. The ILO's Decent Work agenda is also a development agenda based on growth, employment and jobs. Development cooperation is one means of action which the ILO uses to promote and realize its values while simultaneously responding to the developmental needs of its member States.Against this background, the Commission and the ILO agree that it would be of benefit to both organizations to develop their cooperation by focussing on the following priority areas:- The promotion of labour standards, notably with regard to the principles and rights set out in the 1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work;- The promotion of employment, notably through an exchange of information and experience on the European Employment Strategy and the ILO's efforts to create employment opportunities for women and men;- Social dialogue, not least with a view to the possible dissemination of the lessons from the European experience with social dialogue to other regions of the world;- The social and employment policy aspects of enlargement of the EU, notably with regard to social dialogue;- Social protection, through targeted collaboration on selected themes; and- Development cooperation, notably with a view to strengthening the social dimension of development, while also collaborating at the operational level in the service of sustainable development.In order to develop cooperation in these and in other areas of mutual interest, the Commission and the ILO confirm the usefulness of holding high-level meetings on an annual basis, alternately in Brussels and Geneva, which will review existing cooperation and plan joint activities for the following year.The following provisions of the 1989 exchange of letters will continue to apply:- The Community, represented by the Commission, will continue to be regularly invited to meetings of the ILO's International Labour Conference and of the Governing Body.- The Commission will, in turn and as appropriate, invite representatives of the International Labour Office to meetings of the Commission at service level dealing with social and labour matters likely to be of interest to the International Labour Organization.- The President of the Commission and the Director-General of the ILO, or their representatives, will hold consultations on developments within their respective organizations which are likely to have implications for cooperation between the two parties.- The appropriate form for the exchange of information or assistance in areas of shared interest can be agreed upon on a case by case basis (visit, preparation of a document, working group, financing of projects) by the programme managers concerned.To facilitate cooperation through project financing, the ILO and the Commission will continue to hold discussions with a view to establishing standard financial and administrative modalities for ILO implementation of Commission-funded projects.There is no doubt that by sharing our experience, engaging in joint reflection on new approaches to contemporary social issues and, where appropriate, pooling our expertise, we can both respond even more effectively to the need to promote employment opportunities and to maintain and improve living and working conditions worldwide."I agree in full with the terms of this letter, since it is my belief that these arrangements will serve to ensure the continuation of the harmonious collaboration which has existed between our institutions as well as the re-inforcement of that collaboration.Yours faithfully,(...)


text:
John Archer Lejeune, ameriški general marincev, * 10. januar 1867, Pointe Coupee, Louisiana, ZDA, † 20. november 1942, Baltimore, Maryland.
 Življenjepis
 Diplomiral je na Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, Louisiana).
 Nato je bil sprejet na Pomorsko akademijo, ki jo je končal 1888. Pod dvoletnem služenju kot kadet-praporščak je bil 1. julija 1890 sprejet v Korpus mornariške pehote Združenih držav Amerike kot poročnik.
 31. avgusta 1890 je bil premeščen v marinsko vojašnico New York, kjer je ostal do 3. novembra 1890, ko je bil premeščen v vojašnico Norfolk (Virginija). Od 1. oktobra 1891 do 28. julija 1893 je služil na krovu USS Benningtona. 28. avgusta 1893 se je vrnil v norfolško vojašnico, kjer je ostal do 31. julija 1897.
 2. avgusta 1897 je prevzel poveljstvo marinske straže na USS Cincinnatiju, na krovu katere je služil med celotno špansko-ameriško vojno. 17. februarja 1899 je zapustil USS Cincinnati in naslednji dan začel služiti na USS Massachusetts na istem položaju; tu je ostal do 10. maja 1900.
 Od 3. julija 1900 do 12. novembra istega leta je opravljal rekrutiranje v Bostonu (Massachusetts); nakar je bil 22. novembra 1900 premeščen v marinsko vojašnico Pensacola (Florida) kot poveljnik marincev. Od 12. januarja 1903 do 21. januarja istega leta je ponovno opravljal rekrutiranje, tokrat v Norfloku; potem pa od 26. januarja v New Yorku. Od 15. maja do 8. avgusta 1903 je služil v HQMC, Washington, D.C.; ko je bil poslan na USS Panther, kjer je 16. avgusta prevzel poveljstvo marinskega bataljona. 23. oktobra 1903 je bil bataljon premeščen na USS Dixie. Od 16. decembra 1903 do 21. decembra 1904 je bil bataljon nameščen v Panami; takrat ga je zapustil in odšel na USS Yankee.
 27. januarja 1905 je bil premeščen v marinsko vojašnico Washington, D.C., kjer je ostal do 20. maja 1906, ko je bil ponovno poslan v Panamo. Tam je od 29. maja do 6. julija poveljeval bataljonu na krovu USS Columbia. 29. marca 1907 je bil poslan na Filipine.
 2. maja 1907 je prispel na Filipine, kjer je 6. maja postal poveljnik marinske vojašnice in pomorskega zapora v Navy Yard (Cavite). 15. junija 1908 je postal poveljnik 1. marinske brigade; 8. junija 1909 je bil odvzet brigadi in poslan nazaj v ZDA.
 26. maja 1912 je bil premeščen na USS Ohio kot poveljnik 2. polka 1. začasne marinske brigade, ki je bil poslan na Kubo. 8. junija so se izkrcali v Guantanamo Bayu, nakar je naslednji dan postal poveljnik okrožja Santiago; to dolžnost je opravljal do 14. julija istega leta; naslednji dan se je vkrcal na USS Prairie in odplul proti Colónu (Panama). Tu je med 18. in 29. julijem bil nameščen v Camp Elliott.
 Po povratku v ZDA, je bil 20. februarja 1913 ponovno poslan v tujino, tokrat kot namestnik poveljnika 1. polka 2. začasne marinske brigade, ki se je 27. februarja 1913 izkrcal v Guantanamo Bayu. Na krovu USS Prairie se je vrnil v Filadelfijo 2. maja 1913.
 27. novembra 1913 je odplul iz New Yorka z 2. naprednim baznim polkom proti Vera Cruzu (Mehika). Toda februarja 1914 se je vrnil v ZDA, kjer so ga povišali v polkovnika. 22. aprila 1914 je končno prispel v Mehiko in sodeloval pri zavzetju Vera Cruza. Decembra 1914 je odplul nazaj v Washington, D.C., saj je bil imenovan za pomočnika komandanta.
 Ob izbruhu prve svetovne vojne je prevzel poveljstvo novoustanovljene marinske vojašnice Quantico (Virginija). Junija 1918 je prispel v Brest (Francija).
 Tu je prevzel poveljstvo brigade 32. pehotne divizije in nato še 4. marinske brigade 2. pehotne divizije.
 28. julija 1918 je prevzel poveljstvo 2. pehotne divizije, kar je ostal do avgusta 1919, ko je bila divizija demobilizirana. Tako je postal prvi marinski častnik, ki je poveljeval diviziji kopenske vojske.
 Oktobra 1919 je ponovno postal poveljujoči general vojašnice Quantico. 1. julija 1920 je postal komandant Korpusa mornariške pehote Združenih držav Amerike.
 V času svojega mandata je večkrat zapustil HQMC in se odpravil na inšpekcijske obiske Haitija, Santa Dominga, Kube, Puerto Rica, zahodne obale ZDA, ...
 Marca 1929 je zapustil položaj komandanta, a se ni upokojil. 10. novembra 1929 se je upokojil, tako da je lahko sprejel mesto superintendanta na Virginia Military Institute; tu je ostal do oktobra 1937, ko se je moral upokojiti zaradi slabega zdravja. Februarja 1942 so ga povišali v generalporočnika kot upokojenega pripadnika KMP ZDA.
 Umrl je 20. novembra 1942 v »Union Memorial Hospital«, Baltimore (Maryland). Pokopan je na pokopališču Arlington.
 Po njem so poimenovani Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune (Severna Karolina).
 Odlikovanja
 Navy Distinguished Service Medal;
 Army Distinguished Service Medal;
 Sampson Medal;
 Spanish Campaign Medal;
 Marine Corps Expeditionary Medal s tremi bronastimi zvezdami (Panama, Kuba, Dominikanska republika);
 Mexican Service Medal;
 Victory Medal s ploščicami St. Mihiel Champagne, Meuse-Argonne in Defensive Sector;
 Second Nicaraguan Campaign Medal;
 poveljnik legije časti;
 Croix de Guerre s palmo.
 Napredovanja
 1. julij 1890 - poročnik
 26. februar 1892 - nadporočnik
 3. marec 1899 - stotnik
 3. marec 1903 - major
 13. maj 1909 - podpolkovnik
 25. februar 1914 - polkovnik
 29. avgust 1916 - brigadni general
 1. julij 1918 - generalmajor
 1. julij 1920 - generalmajor - komandant
 februar 1942 - neaktivni generalporočnik
 Glej tudi
 seznam generalov Korpusa mornariške pehote ZDA
 Zunanje povezave
 Biografija KMP ZDA
 Generali Korpusa mornariške pehote Združenih držav Amerike
 Nosilci Croix de guerre
 Nosilci legije časti
 Veterani špansko-ameriške vojne
 Veterani prve svetovne vojne
 Pokopani na Nacionalnem pokopališču Arlington
 Diplomiranci Državne univerze Louisiane
 Diplomiranci Pomorske akademije ZDA
 Diplomiranci Vojnega kolidža Kopenske vojske ZDA
 Nosilci Distinguished Service Medal (ZDA)
 Pomočniki komandanta Korpusa mornariške pehote Združenih držav Amerike
 Komandanti Korpusa mornariške pehote Združenih držav Amerike
 Ljudje, po katerih so poimenovali ladjo
 Ljudje, po katerih so poimenovali šolo


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Privacy policy di Barbieri Italiani
 Il D. lgs 30.6.2003, n. 196 (Codice in materia di protezione dei dati personali, detto codice sulla privacy), che, a far data dal 1.1.2004, ha sostituito la legge n. 675/96 e molte altre disposizioni di legge e di regolamento in materia, definisce dati personali qualsiasi informazione relativa a persona fisica, giuridica, ente o associazione, identificati o identificabili, anche indirettamente, mediante riferimento a qualsiasi altra informazione, ivi compreso un numero di identificazione personale.
 a. identità del fornitore e, in caso di contratti che prevedono il pagamento anticipato, l'indirizzo del fornitore;
 b. caratteristiche essenziali del bene o del servizio;
 c. prezzo del bene o del servizio, comprese tutte le tasse o le imposte;
 d. spese di consegna;
 e. modalità del pagamento, della consegna del bene o della prestazione del servizio e di ogni altra forma di esecuzione del contratto;
 f. esistenza del diritto di recesso o di esclusione dello stesso ai sensi dell'articolo 5, co. 3;
 g. modalità e tempi di restituzione o di ritiro del bene in caso di esercizio del diritto di recesso;
 h. costo dell'utilizzo della tecnica di comunicazione a distanza, quando è calcolato su una base diversa dalla tariffa di base;
 i. durata della validità dell'offerta e del prezzo;
 j. durata minima del contratto in caso di contratti per la fornitura di prodotti o la prestazione di servizi ad esecuzione continuata o periodica.
 a. un'informazione sulle condizioni e le modalità di esercizio del diritto di recesso ai sensi dell'art. 5, inclusi i casi di cui all'art. 5, co. 2;
 b. l'indirizzo geografico della sede del fornitore a cui il consumatore può presentare reclami;
 c. le informazioni sui servizi di assistenza e sulle garanzie commerciali esistenti;
 d. le condizioni di recesso dal contratto in caso di durata indeterminata o superiore ad un anno.
 a. per i beni, dal giorno del loro ricevimento da parte del consumatore ove siano stati soddisfatti gli obblighi di cui all'art. 4 o dal giorno in cui questi ultimi siano stati soddisfatti, qualora ciò avvenga dopo la conclusione del contratto purché non oltre il termine di tre mesi dalla conclusione stessa;
 b. per i servizi, dal giorno della conclusione del contratto o dal giorno in cui siano stati soddisfatti gli obblighi di cui all'art. 4, qualora ciò avvenga dopo la conclusione del contratto purché non oltre il termine di tre mesi dalla conclusione stessa.
 a. per i beni, dal giorno del loro ricevimento da parte del consumatore;
 b. per i servizi, dal giorno della conclusione del contratto.
 Applicazione del D.lgs. n. 185 del 1999 in materia di Contratti Stipulati a Distanza e successive modifiche
 L'utilizzo della piattaforma e dei servizi online è dunque un oceano di complessi negozi giuridici che l'utente compie molto spesso senza conoscerne le cause e gli effetti.
 Allo stesso tempo, il medesimo titolare del sito web necessita di prestare attenzione all'utilizzo dei servizi che offrirà ai propri utenti dovendo dare massima cura al contraente più debole che potrà ledere anche non volontariamente.
 Il Diritto E-Commerce è dunque da inquadrare ad oggi come una delle materie più complesse previste dal nostro ordinamento.
 Le sfaccettature e le tematiche che lo rappresentano fanno si che le attività debbano essere poste in essere con la massima attenzione.
 La normativa italiana, di chiara ispirazione comunitaria, da sempre pone in primo piano la tutela del "consumatore online", dal punto di vista della finalizzazione del processo di acquisto e del diritto di recesso nonché dell'acquisizione del consenso al trattamento dei dati personali, anche per finalità di marketing.
 Per quanto concerne in particolare la tutela dei profili privacy nelle transazioni commerciali on line, il Garante per la protezione dei dati personali è intervenuto sul tema nel luglio 2013, emanando, sul sostrato della legge n. 196/2003 (Codice Privacy) e dei provvedimenti sanzionatori emessi sino a quel momento dalla medesima autorità, le linee guida in materia di attività promozionale e contrasto allo spam.
 Trattasi di un vero e proprio vademecum per tutti i player della comunicazione commerciale via web che intendono acquisire dati dei propri utenti per successive finalità di marketing diretto e/o di terzi soggetti nonché di profilazione, cioè volte a definire il profilo o la personalità dell'interessato, o ad analizzare abitudini o scelte di consumo, ovvero a monitorare l'utilizzo di servizi di comunicazione elettronica.
 Al punto 2.6 delle Linee Guida, il Garante ribadisce quelli che devono essere i requisiti del consenso dell'utente al trattamento dei dati personali per finalità di marketing e/o comunque finalità ulteriori rispetto a quelle funzionali alla gestione ed erogazione del servizio.
 Nello specifico, tale consenso deve essere:
 (i) libero, ovvero non preimpostato (nel senso che non può essere già "flaggata" la casella del consenso), e non deve risultare obbligatorio per poter fruire di un servizio o del prodotto fornito dal titolare del trattamento;
 (ii) informato, cioè accompagnato da idonea informativa circa la finalità del trattamento che il titolare intende eseguire sui dati di cui si chiede l'acquisizione;
 (iii) specifico, per ciascuna finalità perseguita e per ciascun eventuale trattamento effettuato, come nel caso della comunicazione a terzi dei dati sempre per l'invio di comunicazioni promozionali ovvero nel caso di trattamento dei dati per finalità di profilazione;
 (iv) documentato per iscritto.
 Tuttavia, a distanza di quasi due anni dalla pubblicazione delle linee guida, non sono mancati interventi del Garante volti a sanzionare condotte ritenute contrarie alla vigente normativa, con riferimento ai temi dell'informativa da fornire agli utenti ai sensi dell'art. 13 del Codice Privacy e dell'acquisizione del consenso da parte dell'interessato nel caso di diverse finalità di trattamento dei propri dati personali.
 In particolare, in due distinte pronunce del dicembre 2014 (provvedimenti nn. 612 e 613), il Garante ha sanzionato due società che nell'ambito della registrazione degli utenti al rispettivo sito web, finalizzata al completamento dell'ordine di acquisto di un prodotto/servizio, richiedevano altresì il consenso per finalità ulteriori rispetto a quelle funzionali alla gestione ed erogazione del servizio, ovvero l'invio di informazioni promozionali, l'esecuzione di analisi statistiche e sondaggi di opinione, sia da parte delle stesse società venditrici sia da parte di terzi.
 Nei casi esaminati, il consenso per tali ulteriori finalità, pur se facoltativo, era acquisito mediante un apposito "flag" che risultava pre-impostato in corrispondenza della dicitura "Accetto".
 Con una ulteriore pronuncia del novembre 2014 (provvedimento n. 532), il Garante ha rilevato l'illiceità dell'acquisizione e del trattamento di dati personali da parte di una società di intermediazione nel settore finanziario, proprietaria di un sito web attraverso il quale emetteva, a favore degli utenti che ne facessero richiesta, preventivi di finanziamenti.
 Nel caso specifico, in sede di richiesta dei dati personali dei propri utenti, la società acquisiva un unico consenso, pre-selezionato, per l'attività promozionale propria e per quella di comunicazione dei dati raccolti a soggetti terzi, consenso tra l'altro non deselezionabile posto che la relativa formula di acquisizione del consenso era inserita in un file pdf non modificabile che l'utente avrebbe dovuto completare con i propri dati, sottoscrivere ed inviare nuovamente al titolare del trattamento.
 Secondo il Garante, nei casi esaminati, in riferimento alla richiesta di consenso degli interessati al trattamento dei propri dati personali, "le modalità della sua acquisizione non sono conformi a quanto disposto dall'art. 23 del Codice, non essendo riconosciuta agli utenti la possibilità di esprimere un consenso libero e (oltre che riferito ad un trattamento chiaramente individuato) eventualmente differenziato rispetto alle varie finalità del trattamento, nonché manifestato con una volontà espressa con formula "in positivo", anziché mediante espressioni "in negativo" che lasciano all'interessato una mera facoltà di eventuale diniego".
 Dalle citate linee guida nonché dai provvedimenti sopra riportati emerge pertanto la necessità per i soggetti che intendono acquisire i dati dei propri utenti/clienti per finalità ulteriori rispetto a quelle funzionali alla gestione ed erogazione del servizio, di predisporre un modulo di acquisizione del consenso al trattamento dei dati per finalità di marketing che sia specifico ed autonomo rispetto all'informativa generale presente in sede di finalizzazione dell'ordine di acquisto e che tale modulo non sia pre-impostato con il "flag" di accettazione dell'utente.
 Ciò anche al fine di non incorrere nelle sanzioni previste sul punto dal Codice Privacy e, in particolare, dall'art. 161 (da euro 6.000,00 a euro 36.000,00) per il caso di mancata o errata informativa, e dall'art. 162, comma 2-bis (da euro 10.000,00 a euro 120.000,00) per il caso di non osservanza delle norme che disciplinano le modalità di acquisizione del consenso dell'utente.
 Barbieri Italiani S.r.l. - Via San donato 74/2 - 40127 Bologna,


text:
Časová verzia predpisu účinná od 01.01.2011 do 30.12.2011
 rozvíjajú kultúrnu identitu obyvateľov Slovenskej republiky bez ohľadu na pohlavie, rasu, farbu pleti, jazyk, vek, vieru a náboženstvo, politické či iné zmýšľanie, národný alebo sociálny pôvod, príslušnosť k národnosti alebo etnickej skupine, majetok, rod alebo iné postavenie tak, aby tieto programy odrážali rozmanitosť názorov, politických, náboženských, filozofických a umeleckých smerov a aby podporovali rozvoj vedomostnej spoločnosti,
 prerokúva návrh zmluvy o obsahoch, cieľoch a zabezpečení služieb verejnosti v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania a návrh zmluvy o obsahoch, cieľoch a zabezpečení služieb verejnosti v oblasti televízneho vysielania (ďalej len „zmluva so štátom“) a návrh dodatku k zmluve so štátom na príslušný kalendárny rok, ktorý je totožný s rozpočtovým rokom, a zaujíma k nim stanovisko,
 navrhuje kandidátov na členov dozornej rady obchodnej spoločnosti, ktorá je vyberateľom úhrady za služby verejnosti v oblasti vysielania poskytované Rozhlasom a televíziou Slovenska podľa osobitného predpisu,23) a navrhuje kandidátov na členov dozorného orgánu inej obchodnej spoločnosti podľa § 6 ods. 2, ak sa v nich dozorný orgán zriaďuje,
 Za bezúhonného sa na účely tohto zákona považuje ten, kto nebol právoplatne odsúdený za úmyselný trestný čin alebo za trestný čin, pri ktorom výkon trestu odňatia slobody nebol podmienečne odložený; bezúhonnosť sa preukazuje výpisom z registra trestov nie starším ako tri mesiace.
 písomne informuje radu o zámere vstúpiť do zmluvného záväzku, ktorého trvanie presahuje obdobie dvoch rokov alebo predmetom ktorého je plnenie, ktoré presahuje sumu 100 000 eur, s výnimkou pracovných zmlúv a zmlúv, ktorých predmetom nie je finančné plnenie,
 výpis z registra trestov nie starší ako tri mesiace; ak kandidát nie je občanom Slovenskej republiky, predloží potvrdenie o bezúhonnosti obdobné výpisu z registra trestov vydané príslušným orgánom štátu jeho trvalého pobytu alebo orgánom štátu, kde sa obvykle zdržiava, nie staršie ako tri mesiace,
 Generálny riaditeľ je povinný spôsobom podľa osobitného predpisu39) preukázať rade svoje majetkové pomery do 30 dní od zvolenia do funkcie a následne do 31. marca každého kalendárneho roka.
 Majetok Rozhlasu a televízie Slovenska tvorí súhrn majetkových hodnôt, a to nehnuteľností, hnuteľného majetku, pohľadávok a iných práv a iných hodnôt oceniteľných peniazmi.
 Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska vedie účtovníctvo podľa osobitného predpisu a postupov účtovania pre účtovné jednotky, ktoré nie sú založené alebo zriadené na účel podnikania.46) Účtovnú závierku musí overiť audítor a po schválení radou sa musí zverejniť v Obchodnom vestníku47) najneskôr do konca štvrtého mesiaca nasledujúceho účtovného obdobia.
 Zákon č. 68/2008 Z. z. o úhrade za služby verejnosti poskytované Slovenskou televíziou a Slovenským rozhlasom a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov sa mení a dopĺňa takto:
 V § 1 sa slová „v oblasti televízneho vysielania poskytované Slovenskou televíziou1) a v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania poskytované Slovenským rozhlasom2)“ nahrádzajú slovami „poskytované Rozhlasom a televíziou Slovenska1) v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania a televízneho vysielania“.
 V poznámke pod čiarou k odkazu 1 sa citácia „§ 3 zákona č. 16/2004 Z. z. o Slovenskej televízii“ nahrádza citáciou „Zákon č. 532/2010 Z. z. o Rozhlase a televízii Slovenska a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov.“.
 V § 2 sa slová „v oblasti televízneho vysielania poskytovaných Slovenskou televíziou a v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania poskytovaných Slovenským rozhlasom“ nahrádzajú slovami „v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania a televízneho vysielania poskytovaných Rozhlasom a televíziou Slovenska“.
 Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska vedie príjmy z úhrad na samostatnom účte v banke alebo v pobočke zahraničnej banky.9) Ak je Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska klientom Štátnej pokladnice,10) príjmy z úhrad vedie na samostatnom účte v Štátnej pokladnici. Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska vedie v účtovníctve analytickú evidenciu príjmov z úhrady oddelenú od iných príjmov.“.
 Príjmy z úhrady a príjmy z pokút podľa tohto zákona použije Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska, okrem použitia podľa odseku 4, výhradne na zabezpečenie služieb verejnosti v oblasti rozhlasového vysielania a televízneho vysielania.“.
 V § 6 ods. 3 písm. a) sa suma „140 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „4,64 eura“.
 V § 6 ods. 3 písm. b) sa suma „560 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „18,58 eura“.
 V § 6 ods. 3 písm. c) sa suma „2 400 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „79,66 eura“.
 V § 6 ods. 3 písm. d) sa suma „6 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „199,16 eura“.
 V § 6 ods. 3 písm. e) sa suma „14 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „464,71 eura“.
 V § 10 ods. 1 sa slová „Slovenskou televíziou a Slovenským rozhlasom“ nahrádzajú slovami „Rozhlasom a televíziou Slovenska“.
 V § 10 ods. 2 písmená a) až c) znejú:
 ktorej jediným spoločníkom je Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska; obchodný podiel nemôže byť predmetom záložného práva,
 ktorej štatutárnym orgánom sú dvaja konatelia, ktorí konajú v mene spoločnosti spoločne; valné zhromaždenie vymenúva konateľov na návrh Rozhlasu a televízie Slovenska,
 ktorá má zriadenú dozornú radu; členov tejto rady volí valné zhromaždenie z kandidátov navrhnutých radou Rozhlasu a televízie Slovenska,28)“.
 Náklady vyberateľa úhrady na výber úhrady, kontrolu platenia úhrady a vymáhanie úhrady a pokút podľa tohto zákona uhrádza Rozhlas a televízia Slovenska z príjmov z úhrady a pokút, najviac však do sumy 4 % z týchto príjmov.
 Vyberateľ úhrady je povinný príjmy z úhrady a príjmy z pokút priebežne, najmenej raz týždenne, odvádzať príjemcovi úhrady.“.
 V § 11 ods. 3 sa suma „500 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „16,59 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 4 písm. a) sa suma „1 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „33,19 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 4 písm. b) sa suma „2 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „66,38 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 4 písm. c) sa suma „3 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „99,58 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 4 písm. d) sa suma „4 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „132,77 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 4 písm. e) sa suma „5 000 Sk“ nahrádza sumou „165,96 eura“.
 V § 11 ods. 6 sa slová „generálny riaditeľ Slovenskej televízie a generálny riaditeľ Slovenského rozhlasu“ nahrádzajú slovami „generálny riaditeľ Rozhlasu a televízie Slovenska“.
 Štatutárny orgán a členovia dozornej rady vyberateľa úhrady vymenovaní a zvolení do funkcie podľa doterajších predpisov a ktorí vykonávajú funkciu podľa tohto zákona aj po 1. januári 2011 sa považujú za štatutárny orgán a členov dozornej rady vymenovaných a zvolených do funkcie valným zhromaždením vyberateľa úhrady.“.
 § 10 zákona č. 68/2008 Z. z. o úhrade za služby verejnosti poskytované Slovenskou televíziou a Slovenským rozhlasom a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov.
 Nariadenie vlády Slovenskej republiky č. 42/2004 Z. z. o Obchodnom vestníku v znení neskorších predpisov.
 Zákon č. 68/2008 Z. z.
 Dátum účinnosti do: 30.12.2011
 5. 01.01.2013 - 31.12.2013 397/2011 Z. z., 340/2012 Z. z.


text:
 30.7.2011
 EL
 Επίσημη Εφημερίδα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
 C 226/18
 Αίτηση για την έκδοση προδικαστικής αποφάσεως, την οποία υπέβαλε το High Court of Ireland (Ιρλανδία) στις 6 Ιουνίου 2011 — Μ. Μ. κατά Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Ιρλανδίας, Attorney General
 (Υπόθεση C-277/11)
 2011/C 226/34
 Γλώσσα διαδικασίας: η αγγλική
 Αιτούν δικαστήριο
 High Court of Ireland
 Διάδικοι στην υπόθεση της κύριας δίκης
 Προσφεύγων: Μ. Μ.
 Καθών: Minister for Justice, Equality and Law Reform, Ιρλανδία, Attorney General
 Προδικαστικό ερώτημα
 1)
 Σε περίπτωση που ο αιτών να του αναγνωρισθεί η ιδιότητα του πρόσφυγα ζητεί, μετά την απόρριψη της αιτήσεώς του, την παροχή επικουρικής προστασίας και προτείνεται η απόρριψη και της εν λόγω αιτήσεως, υπέχουν οι διοικητικές αρχές του συγκεκριμένου κράτους μέλους, βάσει της προβλεπόμενης στο άρθρο 4, παράγραφος 1, της οδηγίας 2004/83/ΕΚ (1) του Συμβουλίου απαιτήσεως συνεργασίας με τον αιτούντα, την υποχρέωση γνωστοποιήσεως στον αιτούντα των αποτελεσμάτων της αξιολογήσεώς τους, πριν από την έκδοση τελικής αποφάσεως, κατά τρόπον ώστε να του παρέχεται η δυνατότητα να διατυπώσει τις απόψεις του επί της προτεινόμενης απορριπτικής αποφάσεως;
 (1) ΕΕ L 304, σ. 12.


text:
Mýdlová opera (anglicky soap opera) je žánr rozhlasového nebo televizního seriálu, zabývajícího se převážně mezilidskými vztahy. Příběhy jsou většinou jednoduché, dramatické až melodramatické. Některé typy mýdlových oper mívají formát nekonečného seriálu vysílaného po několik desetiletí. Jednotlivé díly, které na sebe navazují, mají společné prostředí, které je hlavním pojícím prvkem mezi střídajícími se postavami. Pravidelní diváci časem získávají silný vztah k dlouhodobě se vyskytujícím postavám seriálu, takže herci často bývají s takovými postavami doživotně svázáni.
 Historie
 První mýdlové opery byly uvedeny ve 20. letech 20. století na amerických rozhlasových stanicích, s nástupem televize se na konci 40. let se přesunuly na obrazovky a staly se vůbec první televizní zábavou. Zpočátku byly vysílány přes den a byly tedy určeny pro matky a ženy v domácnosti. Odtud také pochází původně ironické pojmenování mýdlová opera, které vzniklo ze spojení těchto seriálů a jejich sponzorů, kterými v počátcích byly hlavně společnosti vyrábějící prostředky užívané divačkami – prací prášky, čisticí přípravky a mýdla. V původních rozhlasových sériích byla přitom reklama zařazována i přímo do textu (například: „Miláčku, jdu právě do města, kde ve Vodičkově ulici v obchodě pana Kratochvíla koupím skvělé Hromádkovo mýdlo, které tak nádherně voní.“). Termín „opera“ se do názvu dostal s odkazem na významnou roli hudby, zvláště v původních rozhlasových pořadech, a nadužívanou emocionalitu, jako je tomu ve skutečných operách. Podobný základ mají názvy i dalších filmových a televizních žánrů (koňská opera, space opera).
 V americkém programovém schématu také vzniklo rozdělení na dva subžánry. Původní mýdlové opery vysílané v dopoledních, či odpoledních hodinách jsou nekonečné, s mnoha tisíci díly, vysílané každý den (tzv. denní mýdlové opery, daytime soap operas) po řadu desetiletí. Po roce 2000 však jejich sledovanost poklesla a většina každodenních seriálů tohoto typu, nezřídka vysílaných od 60. let, byla postupně ukončena.
 V 60. letech se v USA objevily první mýdlové opery zařazené do hlavního vysílacího času (tzv. primetimeové mýdlové opery, primetime soap operas). Vzhledem k jejich částečnému zaměření i na mužské diváky se změnilo jejich prostředí i výstavba příběhu – věnují se bohatým a úspěšným rodinám a jejich problémům v životech, podnikání a politice. Počtem dílů se tyto mýdlové opery neliší od ostatních primetimeových amerických seriálů, které obvykle mívají kolem 20 epizod na jednu televizní sezónu (září–červen). Rovněž produkce se přiblížila ostatním seriálům uváděných v hlavním vysílacím čase. Tento subžánr dosáhl největší popularity v 80. letech 20. století.
 Mýdlové opery se celosvětově ujaly, hlavní produkce zůstala ve Spojených státech, značně rozšířené jsou i ve Velké Británii. V zemích Latinské Ameriky jsou populární seriály podobného žánru, telenovely.
 V Česku nemají mýdlové opery dlouhou tradici. První mýdlová opera české produkce se objevila v roce 2004 na obrazovkách TV Prima, šlo o primetimeový seriál Rodinná pouta, jenž byl v roce 2007 přetransformován na Velmi křehké vztahy. TV Nova začala roku 2004 natáčet seriál Pojišťovna štěstí. O rok později se v jejím programovém schématu objevila primetimeová Ordinace v růžové zahradě a také první český nekonečný denní seriál Ulice, jenž získal místo na rozhraní podvečera a hlavního vysílacího času.
 Vybrané televizní mýdlové opery
 Americké mýdlové opery
 Denní
 U nás ve Springfieldu (Guiding Light, v rozhlase 1937–1956, v televizi 1952–2009)
 As the World Turns (1956–2010)
 General Hospital (od 1963)
 Tak jde čas (Days of Our Lives, od 1965)
 One Life to Live (1968–2012, 2013)
 All My Children (1970–2011, 2013)
 Mladí a neklidní (The Young and the Restless, od 1973)
 Báječní a bohatí (The Bold and the Beautiful, od 1987)
 Passions (1999–2008)
 Primetimeové
 Faraway Hill (1946) – první americká televizní mýdlová opera
 Peyton Place (1964–1969)
 Dallas (1978–1991, stejnojmenné pokračování 2012–2014)
 Knots Landing (1979–1993)
 Dynastie (Dynasty, 1981–1989, nová stejnojmenná verze od 2017)
 Síla rodu (Falcon Crest, 1981–1990)
 Colbyové (The Colbys, 1985–1987)
 Beverly Hills 90210 (Beverly Hills, 90210, 1990–2000)
 Melrose Place (1992–1999, stejnojmenné pokračování 2009–2010)
 Zoufalé manželky (Desperate Housewives, 2004–2012)
 Devious Maids (2013–2016)
 Mistresses (2013–2016)
 Královská rodina (od 2015)
 České mýdlové opery
 Rodinná pouta (2004–2006)
 Pojišťovna štěstí (2004–2010)
 Ulice (od 2005) – denní seriál
 Ordinace v růžové zahradě (2005–2008) / Ordinace v růžové zahradě 2 (od 2008)
 Velmi křehké vztahy (2007–2009)
 Cesty domů (2010–2015)
 Ostatní
 Itálie
 Okouzlení (Incantesimo, 1998–2008)
 Un posto al sole (od 1996) – denní seriál
 Německo
 Lindenstraße (od 1985)
 Gute Zeiten, schlechte Zeiten (od 1992) – denní seriál
 Slovensko
 Ordinácia v ružovej záhrade (2007–2012)
 Panelák (2008–2015, 2017) – denní seriál
 Búrlivé víno (2013–2017) – denní seriál
 Velká Británie
 The Grove Family (1954–1957) – první britská televizní mýdlová opera
 Coronation Street (od 1960)
 Crossroads (1964–1988, 2001–2003) – denní seriál
 Emmerdale Farm (1972–1989) / Emmerdale (od 1989) – denní seriál
 Pobol y Cwm (od 1974) – denní seriál
 EastEnders (od 1985) – od 2001 denní seriál
 Casualty (od 1986)
 Hollyoaks (od 1995) – od 2001 denní seriál
 Doctors (od 2000) – denní seriál
 Odkazy
 Reference
 Literatura
 Brunsdon, C. „Writing about Soap Opera“ in L. Masterman (ed.), Television Mythologies, London: Comedia, 1984
 Ang, I. Melodramatic Identifications: Television Fiction and Women's Fantasy, Oxford University Press. 1997.
 Volek, J.; Mýdlová opera (Soap opera), Revue pro média č. 1
 Externí odkazy
 Jaromír Volek: Mýdlová opera (Soap opera), Revue pro média č. 1
 Rozhlasové seriály
 Televizní seriály


text:
22.4.2006
 IT
 Gazzetta ufficiale dell'Unione europea
 C 96/35
 Ricorso presentato il 23 gennaio 2006 — B/Commissione
 (Causa F-7/06)
 (2006/C 96/55)
 Lingua processuale: il francese
 Parti
 Ricorrente: B (Bruxelles, Belgio) [Rappresentanti: avv.ti S. Rodrigues e A. Jaume]
 Convenuta: Commissione delle Comunità europee
 Conclusioni del ricorrente
 —
 annullare la decisione dell'autorità che ha il potere di nomina (APN) 10 ottobre 2005, di rigetto del reclamo della ricorrente, adottata insieme alla decisione dell'APN 26 aprile 2005 con cui viene rifiutato alla ricorrente il beneficio dell'indennità di dislocazione
 —
 condannare la convenuta a versare alla ricorrente l'indennità di dislocazione a partire dalla sua entrata in servizio;
 —
 condannare la convenuta agli interessi moratori, a decorrere dalla emananda decisione;
 —
 condannare la convenuta alle spese.
 Motivi e principali argomenti
 La ricorrente, dipendente della Commissione, contesta la decisione di fissazione definitiva dei suoi diritti con cui la convenuta le ha rifiutato il beneficio dell'indennità di dislocazione.
 A sostegno del suo ricorso, essa fa valere, in via principale, una violazione dell'art. 4, n. 1, lett. a), dell'allegato VII dello statuto. Essa solleva, inoltre, un'eccezione di illegittimità nel senso che l'applicazione del requisito di cittadinanza, di cui al primo trattino della disposizione citata, a dipendenti che possiedono sia la cittadinanza dello Stato membro di destinazione sia quella di un altro Stato membro, viola i principi di non discriminazione e di parità di trattamento.
 La ricorrente fa poi valere che, in ogni caso, essa soddisfa il requisito di residenza di cui al secondo trattino della disposizione in questione.
 In subordine, la ricorrente invoca una violazione dell'art. 4, n. 1, lett. b), dell'allegato VII dello statuto, in quanto la decisione impugnata non terrebbe conto del fatto che la ricorrente soddisfa sia il criterio di cittadinanza sia il criterio di residenza citati nella detta disposizione.
 In ulteriore subordine, la ricorrente fa valere una violazione dell'art. 4, n. 3, dell'allegato VII dello statuto, in quanto tale disposizione non può essere interpretata nel senso che essa impone ad un dipendente che possieda la doppia cittadinanza di rinunciare a quella del suo Stato membro di destinazione per aver diritto all'indennità di dislocazione.