text:
Rozchod koleje vyjadřuje vzdálenost mezi vnitřními hranami kolejnic, měřenou podle konvence 14 mm pod temenem kolejnice. Udává se v milimetrech, i když historicky používané hodnoty jmenovitých rozchodů vznikly většinou z měr v anglických jednotkách. Jmenovitý rozchod má kolej v přímém úseku trati a v obloucích větších poloměrů. V obloucích menších poloměrů (na normálněrozchodných tratích se to týká oblouků o poloměru 300 m a menších) bývá obvykle rozchod rozšířen, aby jimi snáze projely pojezdy železničních vozidel. Rozšíření se pohybuje od několika milimetrů do několika centimetrů – podle rozchodu koleje a poloměru oblouku.
 Skutečná hodnota rozchodu se měří rozchodkou.
 V místech, kde je třeba po jedné trati vést koleje o více rozchodech, se při nedostatku prostoru může využít kolejová splítka.
 Jako normální rozchod je označován tzv. Stephensonův rozchod, který byl v nominální hodnotě odpovídající 1435 mm v Británii uzákoněn jako jednotný roku 1846 a dnes je světově nejrozšířenějším rozchodem.
 Stejný rozchod koleje ještě neznamená automaticky přechodnost všech vozidel mezi dvěma systémy. Podstatnou překážkou může být i rozdíl geometrie kolejnic a kol (např. nemožnost jízdy železničního kola po tramvajové žlábkové kolejnici), průjezdného průřezu nebo dalších parametrů.
 V některých případech naopak mohou přecházet vozidla mezi dvěma systémy s mírnou odlišností nominálního rozchodu (např. Španělsko/Portugalsko).
 Použití
 Rozšíření ve světě
 Jako normální rozchod se označuje rozchod 1435 mm, používaný zejména na železničních tratích ve střední a západní Evropě, severní Americe, na Blízkém Východě, v Austrálii a v Číně. V oblasti bývalého Sovětského svazu se používá široký rozchod 1520 mm. Také v ostatních částech světa je zpravidla pro nějakou ucelenější oblast vždy charakteristický určitý rozchod.
 Zvláštní kapitoly tvoří rozchody průmyslových a důlních drah, pozemních lanových drah a modelové železnice.
 Česko a střední Evropa
 První železnice v Česku byly ve 20. letech 19. století budovány s užším rozchodem: budějovicko-linecká koněspřežka měla rozchod 1106 mm, lánská koněspřežka 1120 mm. Normální rozchod začal být masově využíván zejména se zaváděním parního provozu. Některé tramvajové tratě byly budovány od počátku s normálním rozchodem, avšak zejména v městech se stísněnými poměry byl volen metrový rozchod. Dnes mají v Česku normální rozchod 1435 mm všechny nemuzeální veřejné železniční tratě s výjimkou Jindřichohradeckých místních drah a osoblažské dráhy, které mají tzv. bosenský rozchod 760 mm. Normální rozchod má také pražské metro a dnešní tramvajové sítě v Česku, výjimkou je část tratí v Liberci, kde je rozchod 1000 mm zachován formou dvourozchodových splítkových tratí. Metrový rozchod mají i obě karlovarské pozemní lanovky, pražská petřínská má od roku 1932 normální rozchod.
 Také jinde ve střední Evropě jsou úzké rozchody některých tramvajových či lokálních drah všeobecně reliktem z dob konce 19. a začátku 20. století. V některých městech se proto desítky let provádělo přerozchodování tramvajových sítí (například v Chemnitzu či Stuttgartu podobně jako v Liberci), někde k tomu naopak vůbec nedošlo (bratislavská tramvajová síť, Tatranské elektrické železnice atd.). V současné době se rozchody kolejí u místních drah stanovují většinou podle rozchodů železničních.
 Pro usnadnění transportu zejména železné rudy byly vybudovány širokorozchodné tratě vedoucí ze Sovětského svazu až do hloubi některých sousedních států, kde se jinak používal normální rozchod. V bývalém Československu tak byla vybudována širokorozchodná trať Užhorod – Haniska z hraničního přechodu Užhorod/Maťovce do stanice Haniska pri Košiciach v sousedství Východoslovenských železáren. V Polsku pak byla vybudována podobná, ale mnohem delší trať, Linia Hutnicza Szerokotorowa. Odpadala tím pracná překládka transportované suroviny – železné rudy (či složitá výměna podvozku u plně ložených nákladních vagónů) při dodávkách této suroviny z rudných ložisek v Sovětském svazu, později ze států vzniklých jeho rozpadem.
 Výhody a nevýhody
 Výhodou úzkorozchodných drah je zejména možnost menšího poloměru oblouku ("ostřejších zatáček") v náročném terénu nebo stísněných prostorových podmínkách a především výrazně menší náklady na výstavbu i údržbu tratě. Proto byly menší rozchody často voleny u tramvajových, lokálních, lesních a průmyslových drah. Nevýhodou menších rozchodů je obecně menší kapacita a stabilita vozidel, zpravidla menší provozní rychlost. Obecnou nevýhodou různosti rozchodů je menší kompatibilita vozového parku i kolejových dílů.
 Různost rozchodů kolejí má i strategický význam. Například po roce 1945 byly na Zakarpatské oblasti přerozchodovány železnice na sovětský rozchod. Výjimkou zůstaly pohraniční úseky Čop–Baťovo–Mukačevo a Baťovo-Korolevo-Ďakovo, tady tratě širokého a normálního rozchodu byly a jsou vedeny souběžně ve směru k překladištím. Státy sousedící s Brazílií budovaly v 19. století v obavě před invazí koleje o jiných rozchodech. Značné dopravní problémy měla i německá armáda při východním tažení do Sovětského svazu během druhé světové války. Tyto problémy byly částečně způsobeny širším rozchodem koleje, dále také nevhodnými rozměry některých druhů těžkých zbraní, které při přepravě vlakem zasahovaly mimo průjezdní profil tratě a znemožňovaly tak souběžný provoz na dvoukolejných tratích (např. těžké tanky typu Tiger I) a vyžadovaly vždy velmi pečlivou přípravu celého transportu.
 Přehled používaných rozchodů kolejí
 Široké rozchody
 3000 mm: neuskutečněná Breitspurbahn (z dob nacistického Německa),
 2134 mm (7 stop): do roku 1892 rozchod anglické Great Western,
 2000 mm: Cairngorm Mountain Railway, Skotsko (délka 2 km, v provozu 2001-2018),
 1829 mm: první železniční trať v carském Rusku
 1828 mm (6 stop): Erie Railroad do roku 1880
 1800 mm: Oberweißbacher Bergbahn;
 1676 mm (5 stop 6 palců): argentinský a indický široký rozchod, Pákistán, Bangladéš, BART v San Franciscu; v literatuře bývá mylně uváděn pro Španělsko;
 1674 mm (5 kastilských stop): Španělský široký rozchod (též 1672 mm);
 1668 mm: iberský široký rozchod v současnosti jednotně používaný v Portugalsku a ve Španělsku;
 1664 mm: portugalský široký rozchod,
 1600 mm (5 stop 3 palce): široký rozchod v Irsku, na jihovýchodě Brazílie a v Austrálii,
 1587 mm: tramvaj v New Orleans (USA),
 1581 mm: Pensylvánský rozchod tramvají ve Filadelfii a Pittsburghu (USA);
 1524 mm (5 stop): stará jmenovitá hodnota ruského širokého rozchodu, kterou v současnosti používá pouze Finsko;
 1520 mm: ruský široký rozchod, současná jmenovitá hodnota od druhé poloviny 20. století, kdy byl rozměr upraven, aby se přiblížil metrickému systému; používaná též v ostatních státech bývalého Sovětského svazu, v Mongolsku a Afghánistánu.
 Normální rozchod
 Za normální rozchod je dnes označován rozchod 1435 mm, 4 stopy 8 1⁄2 palce. Je dnes standardem na přibližně 60 % železnic světa, včetně většiny českých. Maximální přípustný rozchod normálněrozchodné koleje v oblouku je 1470 mm.
 Byl údajně odvozen z rozteče kol anglických dostavníků. V Anglii byla vzdálenost vnějších hran kol silničních povozů omezena na 5 stop, tj. 1524 mm. Některé železnice zpočátku používaly kolejnice úhelníkového profilu a kola bez okolků (tzv. „plate railway“), takže vozy mohly přecházet mezi silničním a železničním provozem. Britské koněspřežné železnice používaly celou řadu rozchodů, z nichž 1422 mm byl největší. První britské parostrojní měly různé rozchody v rozmezí od 1372 mm (4 stopy 6 palců) až po 2140 mm (7 stop 1⁄4 palce, Brunelův rozchod).
 „Stephensonův“ rozchod byl již před Stephensonem použit na koněspřežných železnicích v Durhamu, pocházejících z 18. století. Na nich konal George Stephenson své první pokusy s parními lokomotivami (v roce 1814 Stephenson předvedl první parní lokomotivu a roku 1825 byla uvedena do provozu první veřejná parostrojní trať). Stephenson tento rozchod převzal a intenzivně ho propagoval a hájil, proto se mu dnes říká Stephensonův rozchod. Zpočátku úřední privilegia rozchod nepředpisovala a stanovovala ho jen výjimečně v případech, kdy bylo nutné zajistit napojení na již existující trať. Po intenzivním politickém boji v Británii zákon v roce 1846 stanovil jednotný rozchod 1435 mm, přičemž obsahoval výjimku pro Brunelovu síť o rozchodu 2140 mm. Pro Irsko byl v téže době stanoven jednotný rozchod 1600 mm (5 stop a 3 palce). Stephensonovu rozchodu se v té době říkalo „úzký rozchod“.
 Původní Stephensonův rozchod byl pouze 1422 mm (4 stopy 8 palců). Z důvodu nedostatečné vůle mezi kolejnicemi a okolkem, která způsobovala jízdní problémy, byl tento rozchod postupně rozšířen až na 1435 mm, kde se ustálil v polovině 30. let 19. (20.?) století.
 Roellova encyklopedie uváděla a často bylo citováno, že původní Stephensonův rozchod byl 1372 mm (4 stopy 6 palců, tedy 4 a půl stopy) a byl zvětšen o 2 a půl palce kvůli umístění válců uvnitř rámu lokomotiv. Tato domněnka je považována za vyvrácenou. Rozchod 1372 mm se sice používal na koněspřežných i parostrojních železnicích ve Skotsku, ale nezávisle na Stephensonovi, a první lokomotivy s vnitřními válci se začaly používat až léta poté, co Stephenson používal rozchod 1422 mm.
 Vlivem času však docházelo k nahromadění chyb měření, takže se nesprávná míra stala standardem. Do skupiny normálního rozchodu se zařazují i některé nepříliš odlišné rozchody:
 1458 mm: Německo – tramvajová doprava v Lipsku,
 1450 mm: Německo – tramvajová síť v Drážďanech,
 1445 mm: Itálie – tramvaje v Miláně, Římě a Turíně, metro v Madridu
 1440 mm: Německo – tramvajová síť v Rostocku (1973–1978 přechod na normální rozchod),
 1435 mm normální rozchod: v Evropě (kromě zemí bývalého SSSR, Finska, Španělska, Portugalska a Irska), na Blízkém Východě, v Číně, severní Africe, Severní Americe a Austrálii v Novém Jižním Walesu, v Japonsku pro tratě Šinkansen a u transkontinentálních železnic,
 1372 mm: Skotský rozchod původně užívaný jen ve Skotsku. Dnes se užívá v Japonsku – některé dráhy, metro a tramvaje.
 Úzké rozchody
 1219 mm (4 stopy): Glasgowská podzemní dráha – Skotsko,
 1200 mm: Švýcarsko – dráha Rheineck–Walzenhausen u Bodamského jezera,
 1106 mm (3,5 rakouské stopy): Koněspřežná dráha České Budějovice – Linec – Gmunden a uhelné dráhy v Hausrucku,
 1100 mm: Německo – tramvaj v Braunschweigu a v Brazílii – Rio de Janeiro, ex Lübeck a Kiel,
 1067 mm kapský rozchod (3,5 stopy): rozšířený na jihu Afriky, v Japonsku, Austrálii a na Novém Zélandu, tramvajová doprava v Tallinnu
 1050 mm: Hidžázská dráha v Sýrii, Jordánsku a původně též v Saúdské Arábii,
 1009 mm: tramvaj v Sofii,
 1000 mm metrový rozchod: základní rozchod železnic například v Keni a dalších středoafrických zemích, rozsáhlá železniční síť v Indii a v Brazílii; velmi rozšířený rozchod úzkorozchodných drah a tramvají v Německu (včetně již zrušených sítí sudetských měst na území ČR), Švýcarsku, Španělsku a Portugalsku, tramvajová trať Liberec–Jablonec, tramvaj v Bratislavě, Tatranské elektrické železnice, pozemní lanová dráha Starý Smokovec – Hrebienok
 991 mm (3 stopy 3 palce): země Commonwealthu,
 950 mm: Itálie – italský „standardní“ úzký rozchod, též Eritrea – bývalá italská kolonie,
 925 mm: dříve tramvaje v Saské Kamenici,
 915 mm: Peru,
 914 mm (3 stopy): Nový Zéland, Ostrov Man, Kuba, Denver & Rio Grande Western v USA,
 900 mm: Důlní dráha v Sokolově (zrušena 2004) , německá úzkokolejka Molli mezi Bad Doberan a Kühlungsbornem, ve světě tramvaje a průmyslové dráhy,
 891 mm (3 švédské stopy): Švédsko,
 880 mm: průmyslová dráha Sundland Torvströfabrikk v Norsku
 838 mm (2 stopy 9 palců): země Commonwealthu,
 800 mm: horské dráhy ve Švýcarsku – například Wengernalpbahn,
 791 mm: úzkokolejky v Dánsku,
 785 mm: úzkokolejky v Polsku a východní Evropě,
 762 mm (2 1/2 stopy): úzkokolejky v Indii, na Kubě a v Austrálii; v Jižní Africe přestavěny na kapský rozchod,
 760 mm – bosenský rozchod: úzkokolejky v Bosně, Indii, na Kubě a v zemích bývalého Rakouska-Uherska, v Česku a na Slovensku např. JHMD, osoblažka, TREŽ, ČHŽ,
 750 mm: velmi rozšířený rozchod v Německu (např. Fichtelbergbahn) a zemích bývalého Sovětského svazu; vojenské a průmyslové dráhy v Argentině,
 700 mm: vojenské a průmyslové dráhy v celém světě,
 693 mm: Švédsko – průmyslová dráha u Kvarnsvedens Pappersbruk,
 686 mm (2 stopy 3 palce): Anglie,
 650 mm: Maroko.
 Rozchody průmyslových a polních drah
 610 mm (2 stopy): úzkokolejky ve Walesu, Indii, Jižní Africe, průmyslové a vojenské dráhy po celém světě,
 600 mm: Švédsko, Prusko, Wales, Namibie (po 2. světové válce přestavěno na 1067 mm), Mladějovská průmyslová dráha, polní, průmyslové a vojenské dráhy po celém světě,
 565 mm: bývalá průmyslová malodráha Spolku pro chemickou a hutní výrobu v Ústí nad Labem
 559 mm (1 stopa 10 palců): Irsko – bývalá drážka pivovaru Guinness v Dublinu,
 520 mm: Švédsko – průmyslová dráha u Sandvikens Järnverk,
 500 mm: vojenské a průmyslové dráhy po celém světě,
 457 mm: Anglie – průmyslová drážka v Crewe,
 450 mm: drážka Kyselka – přeprava minerálky,
 381 mm (15 palců): Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway (Anglie), parkové železnice v Německu,
 311 mm (12 a čtvrt palce): turistická drážka Fairbourne Railway v severním Walesu (od přestavby roku 1986),
 260 mm Isle of Mull Railway – Skotsko,
 241 mm parkové železnice v Cichowo – Polsko, Katzensee k. Zurichu, Luzern–Švýcarsko.
 Rozchod modelové železnice
 Rozchody modelových železnice odpovídají přibližně standardnímu rozchodu v daném měřítku. Nejběžnější typizované rozchody modelových železnic jsou od 6,5 mm do 64 mm, viz rozchody modelové železnice.
 Rozchod jeřábové dráhy
 U jeřábových drah se měří rozchod jako vzdálenost mezi svislými osami kolejnic obou větví jeřábové dráhy (ČSN 73 5130 Jeřábové dráhy). Portálové jeřáby mohou mít rozchod desítky metrů, někdy i přes 100 metrů. Běžné věžové jeřáby mají rozchod koleje jeřábové dráhy kolem 5 metrů (např. 4,6 m, 5 m, 6 m).
 Odkazy
 Souviseící články
 Železniční napájecí soustava
 Poznámky
 Reference
 Literatura
 Metzeltin, G. H.: Die Spurweiten der Eisenbahnen. Ein Lexikon zum Kampf um die Spurweite. Karlsruhe, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Eisenbahngeschichte e. V. 1974 – 165 S. m. zahlr. Abb.
 Externí odkazy
 Spurweiten der Welt (rozchody kolejí světa)
 Konstrukce tratí


type: caselaw

jurisdiction: EU

text:
 15.6.2013
 PT
 Jornal Oficial da União Europeia
 C 171/19
 Pedido de decisão prejudicial apresentado pelo Hoge Raad der Nederlanden (Países Baixos) em 2 de abril de 2013 — Turbu.com Mobile Phone’s BV, outra parte no processo: Staatssecretaris van Financiën
 (Processo C-164/13)
 2013/C 171/38
 Língua do processo: neerlandês
 Órgão jurisdicional de reenvio
 Hoge Raad der Nederlanden
 Partes no processo principal
 Recorrente: Turbu.com Mobile Phone’s BV
 Outra parte no processo: Staatssecretaris van Financiën
 Questão prejudicial
 Devem as autoridades e órgãos jurisdicionais nacionais, com base na legislação da União Europeia, recusar o direito à dedução do IVA, se se demonstrar, à luz de elementos objetivos, que ocorreu uma fraude ao IVA relativamente aos bens em causa e que o sujeito passivo sabia ou devia saber que participava nessa fraude, no caso de a legislação nacional não prever, nessas circunstâncias, a recusa do direito à dedução?


type: other

jurisdiction: US

text: b" U.S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION\n Three Lafayette Centre\n 1155 21st Street, NW, Washington, DC 20581\n Telephone: (202) 418-5110\n Facsimile: (202) 418-5522\n\n\n November 15,2012\n Office of the\nInspector General\n\n\n\n Mr. Gary Gensler\n Chairman\n Commodity Futures Trading Commission\n Washington, D.C. 20581\n\n Dear Chairman Gensler:\n\n The Office of the Inspector General contracted with an independent public accounting firm to\n conduct an audit of the CFTC's financial statements for fiscal year 2012. I concur with the\n attached unqualified opinion of our independent public accounting firm. Should you have any\n questions concerning this audit please contact me.\n\n\n Sincerely,\n\n\n\n\n A. Roy Lavik\n Inspector General\n\x0c KPMG LLP\n Suite 12000\n 1801 K Street, NW\n Washington, DC 20006\n\n\n\n\n Independent Auditors\xe2\x80\x99 Report\n\n\nChairman and Inspector General of the\nU.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission:\n\nWe have audited the accompanying balance sheets of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission\n(CFTC) as of September 30, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net\nposition, budgetary resources, and custodial activity (hereinafter referred to as \xe2\x80\x9c financial statements\xe2\x80\x9d or\n\xe2\x80\x9cbasic financial statements\xe2\x80\x9d) for the years then ended. The objective of our audits was to express an\nopinion on the fair presentation of these financial statements. In connection with our fiscal year 2012 audit,\nwe also considered the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control over financial reporting and tested the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s compliance\nwith certain provisions of applicable laws, regulations and contracts that could have a direct and material\neffect on these financial statements.\n\nSummary\nAs stated in our Opinion on the Financial Statements, we concluded that the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s financial statements\nas of and for the years ended September 30, 2012 and 2011, are presented fairly, in all material respects, in\nconformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.\n\nAs discussed in our Opinion on the Financial Statements, the CFTC changed its presentation for reporting\nthe statements of budgetary resources in fiscal year 2012 based on new reporting requirements under\nOffice of Management and Budget Circular No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements.\n\nOur consideration of internal control over financial reporting was not designed to identify all deficiencies\nin internal control over financial reporting that might be deficiencies, significant deficiencies, or material\nweaknesses. We did not identify any deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that we\nconsider to be material weaknesses as defined in the Internal Control Over Financial Reporting section of\nthis report.\n\nThe results of our tests of compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations, and contracts disclosed\nno instances of noncompliance that are required to be reported under Government Auditing Standards,\nissued by the Comptroller General of the United States, and Office of Management and Budget (OMB)\nBulletin No. 07-04, Audit Requirements for Federal Financial Statements, as amended.\n\nThe Government Accountability Office (GAO) is conducting a review on a matter that may represent a\npotential violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act. This matter is currently under review by the GAO. A final\ndetermination has not yet been made and therefore the outcome of this matter is not presently known.\n\nThe following sections discuss our opinion on the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s financial statements; our consideration of the\nCFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control over financial reporting; our tests of the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s compliance with certain\nprovisions of applicable laws, regulations, and contracts; and management\xe2\x80\x99s and our responsibilities.\n\n\n\n\n KPMG LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership,\n the U.S. member firm of KPMG International Cooperative\n (\xe2\x80\x9cKPMG International\xe2\x80\x9d), a Swiss entity.\n\x0cPage 2 of 4\n\n\n\n\nOpinion on the Financial Statements\nWe have audited the accompanying balance sheets of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as of\nSeptember 30, 2012 and 2011, and the related statements of net cost, changes in net position, budgetary\nresources, and custodial activity for the years then ended.\n\nIn our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the\nfinancial position of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission as of September 30, 2012 and 2011, and\nits net costs, changes in net position, budgetary resources, and custodial activity for the years then ended,\nin conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.\n\nAs discussed in Note 1 to the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s financial statements, the CFTC changed its presentation for\nreporting the statements of budgetary resources in fiscal year 2012, based on new reporting requirements\nunder OMB Circular No. A-136, Financial Reporting Requirements. As a result, the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s statement of\nbudgetary resources for fiscal year 2011 has been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.\n\nU.S. generally accepted accounting principles require that the information in the Management\xe2\x80\x99s Discussion\nand Analysis section be presented to supplement the basic financial statements. Such information, although\nnot a part of the basic financial statements, is required by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory\nBoard who considers it to be an essential part of financial reporting for placing the basic financial\nstatements in an appropriate operational, economic, or historical context. We have applied certain limited\nprocedures to the required supplementary information in accordance with auditing standards generally\naccepted in the United States of America, which consisted of inquiries of management about the methods\nof preparing the information and comparing the information for consistency with management\xe2\x80\x99s responses\nto our inquiries, the basic financial statements, and other knowledge we obtained during our audits of the\nbasic financial statements. We do not express an opinion or provide any assurance on the information\nbecause the limited procedures do not provide us with sufficient evidence to express an opinion or provide\nany assurance.\n\nThe information in the Other Accompanying Information section of the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s Agency Financial Report\nFiscal Year 2012 is presented for the purposes of additional analysis and is not a required part of the\nfinancial statements. Such information has not been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the\naudits of the basic financial statements, and accordingly, we do not express an opinion or provide any\nassurance on them.\n\nInternal Control Over Financial Reporting\nA deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow\nmanagement or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or\ndetect and correct misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination\nof deficiencies, in internal control such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of\nthe entity\xe2\x80\x99s financial statements will not be prevented, or detected and corrected on a timely basis.\n\x0cPage 3 of 4\n\n\n\n\nOur consideration of internal control over financial reporting was for the limited purpose described in the\nResponsibilities section of this report and was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal control\nover financial reporting that might be deficiencies, significant deficiencies, or material weaknesses. In our\nfiscal year 2012 audit, we did not identify any deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that\nwe consider to be material weaknesses, as defined above.\nCompliance and Other Matters\nThe results of our other tests of compliance as described in the Responsibilities section of this report,\nexclusive of those referred to in the Federal Financial Management Improvement Act of 1996 (FFMIA),\ndisclosed no instances of noncompliance that are required to be reported herein under Government\nAuditing Standards or OMB Bulletin No. 07-04.\nThe results of our tests of FFMIA disclosed no instances in which the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s financial management\nsystems did not substantially comply with the (1) Federal financial management systems requirements, (2)\napplicable Federal accounting standards, and (3) the United States Government Standard General Ledger at\nthe transaction level.\nThe Government Accountability Office (GAO) is conducting a review on a matter that may represent a\npotential violation of the Anti-Deficiency Act. This matter is currently under review by the GAO. A final\ndetermination has not yet been made and therefore the outcome of this matter is not presently known.\n *******\n\nResponsibilities\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Responsibilities. Management is responsible for the financial statements; establishing and\nmaintaining effective internal control over financial reporting; and complying with laws, regulations, and\ncontracts applicable to CFTC.\nAuditors\xe2\x80\x99 Responsibilities. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the fiscal year 2012 and 2011\nfinancial statements of CFTC based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing\nstandards generally accepted in the United States of America; the standards applicable to financial audits\ncontained in Government Auditing Standards, issued by the Comptroller General of the United States; and\nOMB Bulletin No. 07-04. Those standards and OMB Bulletin No. 07-04 require that we plan and perform\nthe audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material\nmisstatement. An audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for\ndesigning audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing\nan opinion on the effectiveness of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we\nexpress no such opinion.\nAn audit also includes:\n\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial\n statements;\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management; and\n\xe2\x80\xa2 Evaluating the overall financial statement presentation.\nWe believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.\n\x0cPage 4 of 4\n\n\n\n\nIn planning and performing our fiscal year 2012 audit, we considered CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control over\nfinancial reporting by obtaining an understanding of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control, determining whether internal\ncontrols had been placed in operation, assessing control risk, and performing tests of controls as a basis for\ndesigning our auditing procedures for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the financial statements,\nbut not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal control over\nfinancial reporting. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s internal\ncontrol over financial reporting. We did not test all internal controls relevant to operating objectives as\nbroadly defined by the Federal Managers\xe2\x80\x99 Financial Integrity Act of 1982.\n\nAs part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s fiscal year 2012 financial statements are\nfree of material misstatement, we performed tests of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s compliance with certain provisions of laws,\nregulations, and contracts, noncompliance with which could have a direct and material effect on the\ndetermination of the financial statement amounts, and certain provisions of other laws and regulations\nspecified in OMB Bulletin No. 07-04, including the provisions referred to in Section 803(a) of FFMIA.\nWe limited our tests of compliance to the provisions described in the preceding sentence, and we did not\ntest compliance with all laws, regulations, and contracts, applicable to CFTC. However, providing an\nopinion on compliance with laws, regulations, and contracts, was not an objective of our audit and,\naccordingly, we do not express such an opinion.\n\n ______________________________\n\nThis report is intended solely for the information and use of CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s management, CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s Office of\nInspector General, OMB, the U.S. Government Accountability Office, and the U.S. Congress and is not\nintended to be and should not be used by anyone other than these specified parties.\n\n\n\n\nNovember 15, 2012\n\x0cA Message from the Chief Financial Officer\nThe public accounting firm, KPMG LLP, on behalf of the Inspector General, reported that the\nCommission\xe2\x80\x99s financial statements were presented fairly, in all material respects, and were in\nconformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. For the sixth consecutive year the\nCommission had no material weaknesses, and was compliant with laws and regulations.\n\nThe CFTC leverages a financial management systems platform operated by the U.S. Department of\nTransportation\xe2\x80\x99s (DOT) Enterprise Service Center, an Office of Management and Budget (OMB)\ndesignated financial management service provider. As a consequence, the CFTC is able to\naccumulate, analyze, and present reliable financial information, or provide reliable, timely\ninformation for managing current operations and timely reporting of financial information to\ncentral agencies. Furthermore, our system is in substantial compliance with the Federal Financial\nManagement Improvement Act (FFMIA) of 1996 (although CFTC is not required to comply with\nFFMIA, it has elected to do so).\n\n\n\n\n Mark Carney\n November 15, 2012\n Chief Financial Officer\n\n\n\n\n 1|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nLimitations of Financial Statements\nManagement has prepared the accompanying financial statements to report the financial position\nand operational results for the CFTC for FY 2012 and FY 2011 pursuant to the requirements of\nTitle 31 of the U.S. Code, section 3515 (b).\n\nWhile these statements have been prepared from the books and records of the Commission in\naccordance with GAAP for Federal entities and the formats prescribed by OMB Circular A-136,\nFinancial Reporting Requirements, these statements are in addition to the financial reports used\nto monitor and control budgetary resources, which are prepared from the same books and records.\n\nThe statements should be read with the understanding that they represent a component of the U.S.\ngovernment, a sovereign entity. One implication of this is that the liabilities presented herein\ncannot be liquidated without the enactment of appropriations, and ongoing operations are subject\nto the enactment of future appropriations.\n\n\n\n\n 2|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cPrincipal Financial Statements\nCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nBALANCE SHEETS\nAs of September 30, 2012 and 2011\n 2012 2011\nAssets\nIntragovernmental:\n1 Fund Balance With Treasury (Note 2) $ 82,557,690 $ 81,785,717\n2 Investments (Note 3) 77,135,901 -\n5 Prepayments (Note 1J) 185,766 90,107\n6 Total Intragovernmental 159,879,357 81,875,824\n\n\nCustodial Receivables, Net (Note 4) 4,140,347 2,574,173\nAccounts Receivable (Note 4) 20,976 59,226\nGeneral Property, Plant and Equipment, Net (Note 5) 53,410,435 42,346,895\nDeferred Costs (Note 6) 1,234,223 6,254,873\nPrepayments (Note 1J) 1,617,731 1,019,519\nTotal Assets $ 220,303,069 $ 134,130,510\n\n\nLiabilities\nIntragovernmental:\n17A. FECA Liabilities $ 127,661 $ 91,175\n17B. Accounts Payable 523,356 693,987\n20 Total Intragovernmental 651,017 785,162\n\n\nAccounts Payable 6,694,416 6,398,362\nAccrued Funded Payroll 7,837,836 7,346,675\nAnnual Leave 8,639,840 8,117,663\nActuarial FECA Liabilities (Note 9) 636,582 437,337\nCustodial Liabilities 4,140,347 2,574,173\nDeposit Fund Liabilities 77,098 57,127\nDeferred Lease Liabilities (Note 10) 24,808,042 21,974,782\nOther 19,050 19,649\nContingent Liabilities (Note 11) - -\nTotal Liabilities $ 53,504,228 $ 47,710,930\n\n\nNet Position\n32. Cumulative Results of Operations - Earmarked $ 99,996,749 $ 23,755,000\n33. Cumulative Results of Operations - Other 20,452,619 17,998,424\n31. Unexpended Appropriations 46,349,473 44,666,156\nTotal Net Position 166,798,841 86,419,580\n\nTotal Liabilities and Net Position $ 220,303,069 $ 134,130,510\n\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n\n 3|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\n\nCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nSTATEMENTS OF NET COST\nFor the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011\n 2012 2011\nNet Cost by Goal (Note 15)\nGoal 1: Protect the public and market participants by ensuring\nmarket integrity; promoting transparency, competition, and\nfairness; and lowering risk in the system.\n\n\nGross C osts $ 59,233,491 $ 48,413,277\nLess: Earned Rev enue (64,907) (22,890)\n\nNet Cost of Operations- Goal 1 $ 59,168,584 $ 48,390,387\n\n\nGoal 2: Protect the public and market participants by ensuring the\nfinancial integrity of derivatives transactions, mitigation of systemic\nrisk, and the fitness and soundness of intermediaries and other\nregistrants.\n\n\nGross C osts $ 54,707,413 $ 43,722,068\nLess: Earned Rev enue (59,948) (20,672)\n\nNet Cost of Operations- Goal 2 $ 54,647,465 $ 43,701,396\n\n\nGoal 3: Protect the public and market participants through a robust\nenforcement program\n\n\nGross C osts $ 61,039,770 $ 61,173,365\nLess: Earned Rev enue (66,887) (28,923)\n\nNet Cost of Operations- Goal 3 $ 60,972,883 $ 61,144,442\n\n\nGoal 4: Enhance integrity of US markets by engaging in cross-\nborder cooperation, promoting strong international regulatory\nstandards, and encouraging ongoing convergence of laws and\nregulation worldwide.\n\n\nGross C osts $ 6,955,212 $ 8,444,176\nLess: Earned Rev enue (7,621) (3,992)\n\nNet Cost of Operations- Goal 4 $ 6,947,591 $ 8,440,184\n\n\n\nGoal 5: Promote Commission excellence through executive\ndirection and leadership, organizational and individual\nperformance management, and effective management of resources\n\n\nGross C osts $ 25,682,379 $ 25,895,474\nLess: Earned Rev enue (28,141) (12,243)\n\nNet Cost of Operations- Goal 5 $ 25,654,238 $ 25,883,231\n\nGrand T otal\n\nGross C osts $ 207,618,265 $ 187,648,360\nLess: Earned Rev enue (227,504) (88,720)\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations $ 207,390,761 $ 187,559,640\n\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n\n 4|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nSTATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET POSITION\nFor the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011\n\n\n\n 2012\n Earmarked Funds All Other Funds Consolidated Total\n\nCumulative Results of Operations:\n\nBeginning Balances, October 1 $ 23,755,000 $ 17,998,424 $ 41,753,424\n Appropriations Used - 202,899,168 202,899,168\nOther Financing Sources:\n Transfers-In Without Reimbursement (Note 17) 76,708,620 - 76,708,620\n Imputed Financing Sources - 6,478,917 6,478,917\n Total Financing Sources 76,708,620 6,478,917 83,187,537\n\nNet Cost of Operations (466,871) (206,923,890) (207,390,761)\nNet Change 76,241,749 2,454,195 78,695,944\n\nTotal Cumulative Results of Operations, September 30 $ 99,996,749 $ 20,452,619 $ 120,449,368\n\nUnexpended Appropriations:\n\nBeginning Balances, October 1 $ - $ 44,666,156 $ 44,666,156\n\nBudgetary Financing Sources:\n Appropriations Received - 205,294,000 205,294,000\n Less: Other Adjustments (Rescissions, etc.) - (711,515) (711,515)\n Appropriations Used - (202,899,168) (202,899,168)\n\n Total Budgetary Financing Sources - 1,683,317 1,683,317\n\nTotal Unexpended Appropriations, September 30 $ - $ 46,349,473 $ 46,349,473\n\n\n\nNet Position $ 99,996,749 $ 66,802,092 $ 166,798,841\n\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n\n 5|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nSTATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN NET POSITION (Continued)\nFor the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011\n\n\n\n 2011\n Earmarked Funds All Other Funds Consolidated Total\n\nCumulative Results of Operations:\n\nBeginning Balances, October 1 $ - $ 11,455,579 $ 11,455,579\n Appropriations Used - 187,513,010 187,513,010\nOther Financing Sources:\n Transfers-In/Out Without Reimbursement (+/-) 23,755,000 23,755,000\n Imputed Financing Sources - 6,589,475 6,589,475\n Total Financing Sources 23,755,000 6,589,475 30,344,475\n\nNet Cost of Operations - (187,559,640) (187,559,640)\nNet Change 23,755,000 6,542,845 30,297,845\n\nTotal Cumulative Results of Operations, September 30 $ 23,755,000 $ 17,998,424 $ 41,753,424\n\nUnexpended Appropriations:\n\nBeginning Balances, October 1 $ - $ 30,449,492 $ 30,449,492\n\nBudgetary Financing Sources:\n Appropriations Received - 202,675,000 202,675,000\n Less: Other Adjustments (Rescissions, etc.) - (945,326) (945,326)\n Appropriations Used - (187,513,010) (187,513,010)\n Total Budgetary Financing Sources - 14,216,664 14,216,664\n\nTotal Unexpended Appropriations, September 30 $ - $ 44,666,156 $ 44,666,156\n\n\n\nNet Position $ 23,755,000 $ 62,664,580 $ 86,419,580\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n\n 6|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nSTATEMENTS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES\nFor the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011\n\n 2012 2011\n\n\nBUDGETARY RESOURCES\nUnobligated Balance, October 1 $ 37,356,190 $ 2,944,832\nRecoveries of Prior Year Unpaid Obligations 6,327,442 1,448,576\nOther Changes in Unobligated Balance (711,515) (539,976)\n Unobligated Balance From Prior Year Authority 42,972,117 3,853,432\n\nAppropriations 205,294,000 202,269,650\nSpending Authority from Offsetting Collections 76,925,590 24,083,639\n\nTotal Budgetary Resources $ 325,191,707 $ 230,206,721\n\n\nSTATUS OF BUDGETARY RESOURCES\nObligations incurred (Note 13) $ 215,023,293 $ 192,850,531\nUnobligated Balance, end of period\n Apportioned 18,982,888 9,880,055\n Unapportioned 91,185,526 27,476,135\nTotal Unobligated Balance, end of period 110,168,414 37,356,190\n\nTotal Status of Budgetary Resources $ 325,191,707 $ 230,206,721\n\nCHANGE IN OBLIGATED BALANCES\nUnpaid Obligations, October 1 (gross) $ 44,462,925 $ 41,365,242\nUncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources, October 1 (50,021) (10,403)\n Obligated balance October 1 (net) 44,412,904 41,354,839\nObligations Incurred 215,023,293 192,850,530\nOutlays (gross) (203,702,085) (188,304,270)\nChange in uncollected customer payments from Federal sources 41,408 (39,619)\nRecoveries of Prior-Year Unpaid Obligations (6,327,442) (1,448,576)\nObligated balance, September 30\n Unpaid Obligations, end of year (gross) 49,456,691 44,462,925\n Uncollected Customer Payments from Federal Sources, end of year (8,613) (50,021)\nNet Obligated Balance, September 30 $ 49,448,078 $ 44,412,904\n\nNET BUDGET AUTHORITY AND OUTLAYS\nBudget Authority, Gross $ 282,219,590 $ 226,353,289\nActual offsetting collections (76,966,998) (24,044,020)\nChange in uncollected customer payments from Federal Sources 41,408 (39,619)\nBudget Authority, Net $ 205,294,000 $ 202,269,650\n\nOutlays (gross) $ 203,702,085 $ 188,304,270\nActual offsetting Collections (76,966,998) (24,044,020)\nDistributed Offsetting Receipts (3,210) (2,219)\nNET OUTLAYS $ 126,731,877 $ 164,258,031\n\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n 7|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nCommodity Futures Trading Commission\nSTATEMENTS OF CUSTODIAL ACTIVITY\nFor the Years Ended September 30, 2012 and 2011\n\n 2012 2011\n\n\nRevenue Activity\nSources of Cash Collections:\n Registration and Filing Fees $ 1,780,883 $ 2,059,411\n Fines, Penalties, and Forfeitures 259,687,332 11,433,774\n General Proprietary Receipts 3,210 2,219\n\nTotal Cash Collections 261,471,425 13,495,404\nChange in Custodial Receivables 1,566,174 254,239\nTotal Custodial Revenue $ 263,037,599 $ 13,749,643\n\nDisposition of Collections\n Amounts Transferred to:\n Department of the Treasury (184,762,805) (7,740,404)\n Customer Protection Fund (76,708,620) (5,755,000)\n Change in Custodial Liabilities (1,566,174) (254,239)\nNET CUSTODIAL ACTIVITY $ - $ -\n\n\nThe accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.\n\n\n\n\n 8|CFTC\n\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cNotes to the Financial Statements\nAs of and For the Fiscal Years Ended\nSeptember 30, 2012 and 2011\n\n\nNote 1 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies\n\nA. Reporting Entity\n\nThe Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the executive\nbranch of the Federal Government. Congress created the CFTC in 1974 under the authorization of\nthe Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) with the mandate to regulate commodity futures and option\nmarkets in the United States. The agency\xe2\x80\x99s mandate was renewed and expanded under the Futures\nTrading Acts of 1978, 1982, and 1986; under the Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992; under the\nCFTC Reauthorization Act of 1995; under the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000; and\nunder the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010. Congress passed the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of\n2008 (Farm Bill), which reauthorized the Commission through FY 2013. Since its inception, the\nCFTC has continuously operated through authorized appropriations.\n\nThe CFTC is responsible for ensuring the economic utility of futures markets by encouraging their\ncompetitiveness and efficiency, ensuring their integrity, and protecting market participants against\nmanipulation, abusive trade practices, and fraud.\n\nOn July 21, 2010, the \xe2\x80\x9cDodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act\xe2\x80\x9d (the Dodd-\nFrank Act, or the Act) was signed into law, significantly expanding the powers and responsibilities\nof the CFTC. According to Section 748 of the Act, there is established in the Treasury of the United\nStates a revolving fund known as the \xe2\x80\x9cCommodity Futures Trading Commission Customer\nProtection Fund\xe2\x80\x9d (the Fund). The Fund shall be available to the Commission, without further\nappropriation or fiscal year limitation, for a) the payment of awards to whistleblowers; and b) the\nfunding of customer education initiatives designed to help customers protect themselves against\nfraud or other violations of this Act or the rules and regulations thereunder.\n\nB. Basis of Presentation\n\nThe financial statements have been prepared to report the financial position and results of\noperations for the CFTC, as required by the Chief Financial Officers\xe2\x80\x99 Act of 1990 along with the\nAccountability of Tax Dollars Act of 2002, and the Government Management Reform Act of 1994.\nThey are presented in accordance with the form and content requirements contained in Office of\nManagement and Budget (OMB) Circular No. A-136, \xe2\x80\x9cFinancial Reporting Requirements,\xe2\x80\x9d as\namended.\n\nThe principal financial statements have been prepared in all material respects from the agency\xe2\x80\x99s\nbooks and records in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), as\nprescribed for the federal government by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board\n 9|CFTC\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\n(FASAB). The application and methods for applying these principles are appropriate for\npresenting fairly the entity\xe2\x80\x99s assets, liabilities, net cost of operations, changes in net position, and\nbudgetary resources.\n\nThe financial statements report on the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s financial position, net cost of operations, changes in\nnet position, budgetary resources, and custodial activities. The books and records of the agency\nserved as the source of information for preparing the financial statements in the prescribed\nformats. All agency financial statements and reports used to monitor and control budgetary\nresources are prepared from the same books and records. The statements should be read with the\nunderstanding that they are for a component of the U.S. Government, a sovereign entity.\n\nThe Balance Sheets present the financial position of the agency. The Statements of Net Cost\npresent the agency\xe2\x80\x99s operating results; the Statements of Changes in Net Position display the\nchanges in the agency\xe2\x80\x99s equity accounts. The Statements of Budgetary Resources present the\nsources, status, and uses of the agency\xe2\x80\x99s resources and follow the rules for the Budget of the United\nStates Government. The Statements of Custodial Activity present the sources and disposition of\ncollections for which the CFTC is the fiscal agent, or custodian, for the Treasury General Fund\nMiscellaneous Receipt accounts.\n\nThroughout these financial statements, assets, liabilities, revenues and costs have been classified\naccording to the type of entity with whom the transactions were made. Intragovernmental assets\nand liabilities are those from or to other federal entities. Intragovernmental earned revenues are\ncollections or accruals of revenue from other federal entities, and intragovernmental costs are\npayments or accruals to other federal entities. The CFTC does not transact business among its own\noperating units, and therefore, intra-entity eliminations were not needed.\n\nC. Budgetary Resources and Status\n\nThe CFTC is funded through congressionally approved appropriations. The CFTC is responsible\nfor administering the salaries and expenses of the agency through the execution of these\nappropriations.\n\nCongress annually enacts appropriations that provide the CFTC with the authority to obligate\nfunds within the respective fiscal year for necessary expenses to carry out mandated program\nactivities. In addition, Congress enacted a permanent indefinite appropriation that is available\nuntil expended. All appropriations are subject to quarterly apportionment as well as Congressional\nrestrictions.\n\nThe CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s budgetary resources for FY 2012 consist of:\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Unobligated balances of resources brought forward from the prior year,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Recoveries of obligations made in prior years, and\n \xef\x82\xb7 New resources in the form of appropriations and spending authority from offsetting\n collections.\n 10 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cUnobligated balances associated with resources expiring at the end of the fiscal year remain\navailable for five years after expiration only for upward adjustments of prior year obligations, after\nwhich they are canceled and may not be used. All unused monies related to canceled\nappropriations are returned to Treasury and the canceled authority is reported as a line item on\nthe Statements of Budgetary Resources and the Statements of Changes in Net Position.\n\nD. Entity and Non-Entity Assets\n\nAssets consist of entity and non-entity assets. Entity assets are those assets that the CFTC has\nauthority to use for its operations. Non-entity assets are those held by the CFTC that are not\navailable for use in its operations. Non-entity assets held by the CFTC include deposit fund\nbalances, custodial fines, interest, penalties, and administrative fees receivable.\n\nE. Fund Balance with Treasury\n\nFund Balance with Treasury is the aggregate amount of the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s funds with Treasury in\nexpenditure, receipt, revolving, and deposit fund accounts. Appropriated funds recorded in\nexpenditure accounts are available to pay current liabilities and finance authorized purchases.\nRevolving fund custodial collections recorded in the deposit fund and miscellaneous receipts\naccounts of the Treasury are not available for agency use. At fiscal year-end, receipt account\nbalances are returned to Treasury or transferred to the Customer Protection Fund.\n\nThe CFTC does not maintain bank accounts of its own, has no disbursing authority, and does not\nmaintain cash held outside of Treasury. Treasury disburses funds for the agency on demand.\nSpending authority from offsetting collections is recorded in the agency\xe2\x80\x99s expenditure account and\nis available for agency use subject to certain limitations.\n\nF. Investments\n\nThe CFTC has the authority to invest amounts deposited in the Customer Protection Fund in short-\nterm market-based Treasury securities. Market-based Treasury securities are debt securities that\nthe U.S. Treasury issues to Federal entities without statutorily determined interest rates. Although\nthe securities are not marketable, the terms (prices and interest rates) mirror the terms of\nmarketable Treasury securities.\n\nInterest earned on the investments is a component of the Fund and is available to be used for\nexpenses of the Customer Protection Fund. Additional details regarding Customer Protection Fund\ninvestments are provided in Note 3.\n\nG. Accounts Receivable\n\nAccounts receivable consists of amounts owed by other federal agencies and the public to the CFTC\nand is valued net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts. The allowance is based on past\n\n 11 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nexperience in the collection of receivables and analysis of the outstanding balances. Accounts\nreceivable arise from reimbursable operations, earned refunds or the Civil Monetary Sanctions\nprogram.\n\nH. General Property, Plant and Equipment, Net\n\nFurniture, fixtures, equipment, information technology hardware and software, and leasehold\nimprovements are capitalized and depreciated or amortized over their useful lives.\n\nThe CFTC capitalizes assets annually if they have useful lives of at least two years and an individual\nvalue of $25,000 or more. Bulk or aggregate purchases are capitalized when the individual useful\nlives are at least two years and the purchase is a value of $25,000 or more. Property, plant and\nequipment that do not meet the capitalization criteria are expensed when acquired. Depreciation\nfor equipment and amortization for software is computed on a straight-line basis using a 5-year\nlife. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the remaining life of the lease. The Commission\xe2\x80\x99s\nassets are valued net of accumulated depreciation or amortization.\n\nI. Deferred Costs\n\nThe Commission has received lease incentives, Tenant Improvement Allowances (TIA), from the\nlandlords on its operating leases. These allowances can be used for construction, asset purchases,\nor rent expense, and are classified as deferred costs on the balance sheets. These costs are\nreallocated either to leasehold improvements, equipment, or if used for rent, expensed. The TIA is\nalso amortized with the deferred lease liability over the life of the lease.\n\nJ. Prepayments\n\nPayments to federal and non-federal sources in advance of the receipt of goods and services are\nrecorded as prepayments and recognized as expenses when the related goods and services are\nreceived. Intragovernmental prepayments reported on the Balance Sheet were made primarily to\nthe Department of Transportation (DOT) for transit subsidy services. Prepayments to the public\nwere primarily for software maintenance and subscription services.\n\nK. Liabilities\n\nThe CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s liabilities consist of actual and estimated amounts that are likely to be paid as a result\nof transactions covered by budgetary resources for which Congress has appropriated funds or\nfunding, or are otherwise available from reimbursable transactions to pay amounts due.\n\nLiabilities include those covered by budgetary resources in existing legislation and those not yet\ncovered by budgetary resources. The CFTC liabilities not covered by budgetary resources include:\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Intragovernmental Federal Employees Compensation Act (FECA) liabilities,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Annual leave benefits which will be funded by annual appropriations as leave is taken,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Actuarial FECA liabilities,\n 12 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c \xef\x82\xb7 Custodial liabilities for custodial revenue transferred to Treasury at fiscal yearend,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Contingent liabilities,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Deposit funds,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Deferred lease liabilities, and\n \xef\x82\xb7 Advances received for reimbursable services yet to be provided.\n\nL. Accounts Payable\n\nAccounts payable consists primarily of contracts for goods or services, such as operating leases,\nleasehold improvements, software development, information technology, telecommunications, and\nconsulting and support services.\n\nM. Accrued Payroll and Benefits and Annual Leave Liability\n\nThe accrued payroll liability represents amounts for salaries and benefits owed for the time since\nthe payroll was last paid through the end of the reporting period. The annual leave liability is the\namount owed employees for unused annual leave as of the end of the reporting period. At the end\nof each quarter, the balance in the accrued annual leave account is adjusted to reflect current\nbalances and pay rates. Sick leave and other types of non-vested leave are expensed as taken.\n\nThe agency\xe2\x80\x99s employees participate in the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) or the Federal\nEmployees\xe2\x80\x99 Retirement System (FERS). On January 1, 1987, FERS went into effect pursuant to\nPublic Law 99-335. Most employees hired after December 31, 1983, are automatically covered by\nFERS and Social Security. Employees hired prior to January 1, 1984, could elect to either join\nFERS and Social Security or remain in CSRS.\n\nFor employees under FERS, the CFTC contributes an amount equal to one percent of the\nemployee\xe2\x80\x99s basic pay to the tax deferred Thrift Savings Plan and matches employee contributions\nup to an additional four percent of pay. FERS and CSRS employees can contribute a portion of\ntheir gross earnings to the plan up to IRS limits; however, CSRS employees receive no matching\nagency contribution.\n\nN. Leases\n\nThe CFTC does not have any capital lease liabilities. The operating leases consist of commercial\nproperty for the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s headquarters and regional offices. Lease expenses are recognized on a\nstraight-line basis.\n\nO. Deposit Funds\n\nDeposit funds are expenditure accounts used to record monies that do not belong to the Federal\ngovernment. They are held awaiting distribution based on a legal determination or investigation.\nThe CFTC Deposit Fund is used to collect and later distribute collections of monetary awards to the\nappropriate victims as restitution. The cash collections recorded in this fund are offset by a Deposit\n 13 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nFund liability. Activities in this fund are not fiduciary in nature because they are not legally\nenforceable against the government.\n\nP. Net Position\n\nNet position consists of unexpended appropriations and cumulative results of operations.\nUnexpended appropriations are appropriations that have not yet been used to acquire goods and\nservices or provide benefits. Appropriations are considered expended, or used, when goods and\nservices have been acquired by the CFTC or benefits have been provided using the appropriation\nauthority, regardless of whether monies have been paid or payables for the goods, services, or\nbenefits have been established.\n\nCumulative results of operations represent the excess of budgetary or other financing sources over\nexpenses since inception. Cumulative results of operations are derived from the net effect of\ncapitalized assets, expenses, exchange revenue, and unfunded liabilities.\n\nQ. Revenues\n\nThe CFTC receives reimbursement and earns revenue for the following activities:\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and related expenses from non-federal sources for\n attendance at meetings or similar functions that an employee has been authorized to\n attend in an official capacity on behalf of the Commission.\n \xef\x82\xb7 Reimbursement for Intergovernmental Personnel Act Mobility Program assignments from\n state and local governments, institutions of higher education, and other eligible\n organizations for basic pay, supplemental pay, fringe benefits, and travel and relocation\n expenses.\n \xef\x82\xb7 Reimbursement from non-federal sources for registration fees to cover the cost of\n expenses related to the CFTC's annual International Regulators Conference.\n\nR. Net Cost of Operations\n\nNet cost of operations is the difference between the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s expenses and its earned revenue. The\npresentation of program results by strategic goals is based on the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s current Strategic Plan\nestablished pursuant to the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993. The Commission\nimplemented a new strategic plan in FY 2011. (Note 15)\n\nThe mission statement of the CFTC is to protect market users and the public from fraud,\nmanipulation, and abusive practices related to the sale of commodity and financial futures and\noptions, and to foster open, competitive, and financially sound futures and option markets. The\nmission is accomplished through five strategic goals, each focusing on a vital area of regulatory\nresponsibility:\n\n\n\n\n 14 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c \xef\x82\xb7 Protect the public and market participants by ensuring market integrity; promoting\n transparency, competition, and fairness; and lowering risk in the system,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Protect the public and market participants by ensuring the financial integrity of derivatives\n transactions, mitigation of systemic risk, and the fitness and soundness of intermediaries\n and other registrants,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Protect the public and market participants through a robust enforcement program,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Enhance integrity of U.S. markets by engaging in cross-border cooperation, promoting\n strong international regulatory standards, and encouraging ongoing convergence of laws\n and regulation worldwide, and\n \xef\x82\xb7 Promote Commission excellence through executive direction and leadership,\n organizational and individual performance management, and effective management of\n resources.\n\nS. Custodial Activity\n\nThe CFTC collects penalties and fines levied against firms for violation of laws as described in the\nCommodity Exchange Act as codified at 7 U.S.C. \xc2\xa7 1, et seq, and the Commodities Futures\nModernization Act of 2000, Appendix E of P.L. 106-554, 114 Stat. 2763. Unpaid fines, penalties\nand accrued interest are reported as custodial receivables, with an associated custodial liability.\nThe receivables and the liability are reduced by amounts determined to be uncollectible. Revenues\nearned and the losses from bad debts are reported to Treasury.\n\nCollections made by the CFTC during the year are deposited and reported into designated Treasury\nmiscellaneous receipt accounts for:\n\n \xef\x82\xb7 Registration and filing fees,\n \xef\x82\xb7 Fines, penalties and forfeitures, and\n \xef\x82\xb7 General proprietary receipts.\n\nAt fiscal year-end, custodial collections made by the CFTC are either returned to Treasury or when\ndetermined eligible, transferred to the Customer Protection Fund. The CFTC does not retain any\namount for custodial activities including reimbursement of the cost of collection.\n\nT. Use of Management Estimates\n\nThe preparation of the accompanying financial statements in accordance with accounting\nprinciples generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make\ncertain estimates and assumptions that directly affect the results of reported assets, liabilities,\nrevenues, and expenses. Actual results could differ from these estimates.\n\n\n\n\n 15 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nU. Reconciliation of Net Obligations and Net Cost of Operations\n\nIn accordance with OMB Circular No. A-136, the Commission reconciles its change in budgetary\nobligations with its net cost of operations.\n\nV. Earmarked Funds\n\nThe Commission\xe2\x80\x99s Customer Protection Fund (CPF) is earmarked to operate a whistleblower\nprogram and support customer education initiatives. See Note 1.A. for a description of the purpose\nof the CPF and its authority to use revenues and other financing sources. Deposits into the CPF are\ncredited from monetary sanctions collected by the Commission in a covered judicial or\nadministrative action where the full judgment is in excess of $1,000,000 and the collection is not\notherwise distributed to victims of a violation of the Dodd-Frank Act or the underlying rules and\nregulations, unless the balance of the CPF at the time the monetary judgment is collected, exceeds\n$100 million. No new legislation was enacted as of September 30, 2012 that significantly changed\nthe purpose of the earmarked fund or redirected a material portion of the accumulated balance.\n\nW. Reclassifications\n\nIn FY 2012, the presentation of the Statements of Budgetary Resources was changed in accordance\nwith OMB Circular A-136. As such, activity and balances reported on the FY 2011 Statement of\nBudgetary Resources have been reclassified to conform to the presentation in the current\nyear. Certain other prior year amounts have also been reclassified to conform to the current year\npresentation.\n\n\nNote 2 Fund Balance with Treasury\n\nA. Reconciliation to Treasury\nThere are no differences between the fund balances reflected in the CFTC Balance Sheets and the\nbalances in the Treasury accounts.\n\nB. Fund Balance with Treasury\nFund Balance with Treasury consists of entity assets such as appropriations, reimbursements for\nservices rendered, and collections of fines and penalties. Obligation of these funds is controlled by\nquarterly apportionments made by OMB. Work performed under reimbursable agreements is\ninitially financed by the annual appropriation and is subsequently reimbursed. Collections of fines\nand penalties are distributed to harmed investors, returned to Treasury, or when eligible,\ntransferred to the Customer Protection Fund.\n\n\n\n\n 16 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cFund Balance with Treasury at September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:\n\n 2012 2011\n\nAppropriated Funds $ 59,576,063 $ 58,014,096\nCustomer Protection Fund 22,904,529 23,755,000\nDeposit Fund 77,098 16,621\n\nTOTAL FUND BALANCE WITH TREASURY $ 82,557,690 $ 81,785,717\n\n\n\n\nC. Status of Fund Balance with Treasury\nStatus of Fund Balance with Treasury at September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:\n\nAppropriated Funds 2012 2011\nUnobligated Fund Balance\nAvailable $ 6,423,446 $ 9,880,057\nUnavailable 3,739,607 3,671,114\nObligated Balance Not Yet Disbursed 49,413,010 44,462,925\nTotal Appropriated Funds 59,576,063 58,014,096\nCustomer Protection Fund\nUnobligated Fund Balance\nAvailable $ 12,558,748 $ -\nUnavailable 10,302,100 23,755,000\nObligated Balance Not Yet Disbursed 43,681 -\nTotal Customer Protection Fund 22,904,529 23,755,000\nDeposit Fund 77,098 16,621\nTOTAL FUND BALANCE WITH TREASURY $ 82,557,690 $ 81,785,717\n\n\nNOTE 3 Investments, Net\n\nIn fiscal year 2012, the CFTC began investing amounts deposited in the Customer Protection\nFunds in overnight short-term Treasury securities. Treasury overnight certificates of indebtedness\nare issued with a stated rate of interest to be applied to their par amount, mature on the business\nday immediately following their issue date, are redeemed at their par amount at maturity, and\nhave interest payable at maturity.\n\nThe Commission may invest in other short-term or long-term Treasury securities at management\xe2\x80\x99s\ndiscretion.\n\nThe overnight certificates are Treasury securities whose interest rates or prices are determined\nbased on the interest rates or prices of Treasury-related financial instruments issued or trading in\nthe market, rather than on the interest rates or prices of outstanding marketable Treasury\nsecurities.\n\n\n\n\n 17 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nOn September 30, 2012, the Commission\xe2\x80\x99s investments totaled $77,135,901 with interest earned of\n$12,918.\n\nNote 4 Accounts Receivable\n\nAccounts receivable consist of amounts owed the CFTC by other Federal agencies and the public.\nAccounts receivable are valued at their net collectable values. Non-custodial accounts receivable\nare primarily for overpayments of expenses to other agencies, or vendors, and repayment of\nemployee benefits. Historical experience has indicated that most of the non-custodial receivables\nare collectible and that there are no material uncollectible amounts.\n\nCustodial receivables (non-entity assets) are those for which fines and penalties have been\nassessed and levied against businesses or individuals for violations of the Commodity Exchange\nAct (CEA) or Commission regulations. Violators may be subject to a variety of sanctions including\nfines, injunctive orders, bars or suspensions, rescissions of illegal contracts, disgorgements, and\nrestitutions to customers.\n\nHistorical experience has indicated that a high percentage of custodial receivables prove\nuncollectible. The Commission considers all custodial receivables to be 100% uncollectible unless\ndeemed otherwise. An allowance for uncollectible accounts has been established and included in\naccounts receivable on the balance sheets. The allowance is based on past experience in the\ncollection of accounts receivable and analysis of outstanding balances. Accounts are re-estimated\nquarterly based on account reviews and the agency determination that changes to the net\nrealizable value are needed.\n\nAccounts receivable, as of September 30, 2012 and 2011, consisted of the following:\n\n 2012 2011\nCustodial Receivables, Net:\n Civil Monetary Penalty Interest $ 700,973 $ 776,139\n Civil Monetary Penalties, Fines, and Administrative Fees 557,751,289 463,508,290\n Less: Allowance for Loss on Interest (700,957) (776,121)\n Less: Allowance for Loss on Penalties, Fines, and Administrative Fees (555,301,289) (462,710,547)\n Registration and Filing Fees 1,690,331 1,776,412\nNet Custodial Receivables $ 4,140,347 $ 2,574,173\n Other Accounts Receivable 20,976 59,226\n TOTAL ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET $ 4,161,323 $ 2,633,399\n\n\n\nNote 5 General Property, Plant and Equipment, Net\n\nEquipment and information technology (IT) assets are capitalized annually if they have useful lives\nof at least two years and an individual value of $25,000 or more. Bulk or aggregate purchases are\ncapitalized when the individual useful lives are at least two years and a value of $25,000 or more.\nDepreciation for equipment and software is computed on a straight-line basis using a 5-year life.\nLeasehold improvements are amortized over the remaining life of the lease. Property, Plant and\nEquipment as of September 30, 2012 and 2011 consisted of the following:\n 18 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c 2012\n\n Accumulated\n Amortization/\n Major Class Service Life and Method Cost Depreciation Net Book Value\n\n Equipment 5 Years/Straight Line $ 29,120,043 $ (12,815,168) $ 16,304,875\n IT Software 5 Years/Straight Line 16,485,238 (6,938,168) 9,547,070\n Software In Development Not Applicable 2,493,610 - 2,493,610\n Leasehold Improvements Remaining Life of Lease/Straight Line 23,641,222 (2,639,648) 21,001,574\n Construction in Progress Not Applicable 4,063,306 - 4,063,306\n $ 75,803,419 $ (22,392,984) $ 53,410,435\n\n\n\n\n 2011\n\n Accumulated\n Amortization/\n Major Class Service Life and Method Cost Depreciation Net Book Value\n\n Equipment 5 Years/Straight Line $ 23,845,759 $ (7,582,852) $ 16,262,907\n IT Software 5 Years/Straight Line 10,061,707 (4,942,862) 5,118,845\n Software In Development Not Applicable 3,513,454 - 3,513,454\n\n Leasehold Improvements Remaining Life of Lease/Straight Line 15,345,533 (1,427,205) 13,918,328\n Construction in Progress Not Applicable 3,533,361 - 3,533,361\n $ 56,299,814 $ (13,952,919) $ 42,346,895\n\n\n\n\n 19 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nNote 6 Deferred Costs\n\nThe Commission receives Tenant Improvement Allowance (TIA) from its landlords. These\nallowances are used to cover the costs of building renovations, asset purchases, or rent expenses.\nThe TIA is initially recorded as deferred costs on the balance sheet and is amortized with the\ndeferred lease liability over the life of the lease\n\nThe Commission received approximately $16.2 million in TIA over the last three fiscal years, of\nwhich approximately $13.3 million was used to fund leasehold improvements, and $1.7 million was\nused to cover rental payments. The remaining, unused balance of $1.2 million is reflected as\ndeferred costs on the balance sheet.\n\nDeferred Costs (TIA) 2012 2011\nBeginning Balance, October 1 $ 6,254,873 $ 6,303,367\nTIA received 2,868,320 6,701,194\nTIA used (7,888,970) (6,749,688)\nBalance as of End of September 2012 $ 1,234,223 $ 6,254,873\n\n\n\nNote 7 Liabilities not Covered by Budgetary Resources\n\nAs of September 30, 2012 and 2011, the following liabilities were not covered by budgetary\nresources:\n\n 2012 2011\n\nIntragovernmental - FECA Liabilities $ 127,661 $ 91,175\nAnnual Leave 8,639,840 8,117,663\nActuarial FECA Liabilities 636,582 437,337\nCustodial Liabilities 4,140,347 2,574,173\nDeposit Fund Liabilities 77,098 57,127\nDeferred Lease Liabilities 24,808,042 21,974,782\nOther 19,050 19,649\n $ 38,448,620 $ 33,271,906\n\n\nNote 8 Retirement Plans and Other Employee Benefits\n\nThe CFTC imputes costs and the related financing sources for its share of retirement benefits\naccruing to its past and present employees that are in excess of the amount of contributions from\nthe CFTC and its employees, which are mandated by law. The Office of Personnel Management\n(OPM), which administers federal civilian retirement programs, provides the cost information to\nthe CFTC. The CFTC recognizes the full cost of providing future pension and Other Retirement\nBenefits (ORB) for current employees as required by Statement of Federal Financial Accounting\nStandards (SFFAS) No. 5, \xe2\x80\x9cAccounting for Liabilities of the Federal Government\xe2\x80\x9d.\n\n 20 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cFull costs include pension and ORB contributions paid out of the CFTC\xe2\x80\x99s appropriations and costs\nfinanced by OPM. The amount financed by OPM is recognized as an imputed financing source.\nThis amount was $6,478,917 for the period ended September 30, 2012 and $6,589,475 for the\nperiod ended September 30, 2011. Reporting amounts such as plan assets, accumulated plan\nbenefits, or unfunded liabilities, if any, is the responsibility of OPM.\n\nLiabilities for future pension payments and other future payments for retired employees who\nparticipate in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program and the Federal Employees Group\nLife Insurance Program are reported by OPM rather than CFTC.\n\n\nNote 9 Actuarial FECA Liabilities\n\nFECA provides income and medical cost protections to covered federal civilian employees injured\non the job, to employees who have incurred work-related occupational diseases and to\nbeneficiaries of employees whose deaths are attributable to job-related injuries or occupational\ndiseases. The FECA program is administered by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL), which pays\nvalid claims against the CFTC and subsequently seeks reimbursement from the CFTC for these\npaid claims. Accrued FECA liabilities represent amounts due to DOL for claims paid on behalf of\nthe agency. Accrued FECA liabilities at September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011 were\n$127,661 and $91,175, respectively.\n\nActuarial FECA liability represents the liability for future workers compensation (FWC) benefits,\nwhich includes the expected liability for death, disability, medical, and miscellaneous cost for\napproved cases. The liability is determined using a formula provided by DOL annually as of\nSeptember 30th using a method that utilizes historical benefits payment patterns related to a\nspecific incurred period to predict the ultimate payments related to that period. The projected\nannual benefits payments are discounted to present value using OMB\xe2\x80\x99s economic assumptions for\nten-year Treasury notes and bonds. To provide more specifically for effects of inflation on the\nliability for FWC benefits, wage inflation factors (Consumer Price Index-Medical) are applied to\nthe calculation of projected future benefits. These factors are also used to adjust historical\npayments so benefits are stated in current-year constant dollars. Actuarial FECA liabilities at\nSeptember 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011 were $636,582 and $437,337, respectively.\n\nNote 10 Leases\n\nThe CFTC leases office space in publicly owned buildings for its locations in Washington D.C.,\nChicago, New York, and Kansas City. The lease contracts for publicly owned buildings are\noperating leases. The CFTC has no real property. Future estimated minimum lease payments are\nnot accrued as liabilities and are expensed on a straight-line basis.\n\nAs of September 30, 2012, future estimated minimum lease payments through FY 2025 are as\nfollows:\n\n\n 21 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\nFiscal Year\n2013 $ 17,781,576\n2014 18,110,766\n2015 18,254,669\n2016 19,017,114\n2017 19,411,711\n2018 and thereafter 155,776,015\nTotal Future Minimum Lease Payments $ 248,351,850\n\nAdd: Amount representing estimated executory costs (taxes, maintenance, and insurance) 37,355,082\nTOTAL MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENTS, INCLUDING ESTIMATED EXECUTORY COSTS $ 285,706,932\n\n\nLease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis because lease payment amounts vary, and in\nsome cases, CFTC receives periods of up-front free rent, or incentive contributions (TIA) paid by\nthe landlord. As of September 30, 2012, the Commission had received $16,199,394 in incentive\nawards for the renovation of space in Washington D.C., Chicago, New York and Kansas City. A\ndeferred lease liability representing expense amounts in excess of payments to date has been\nrecorded. The deferred lease liabilities at September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011 were $\n24,808,042 and $$21,974,782 respectively.\n\nNote 11 Contingent Liabilities\n\nThe CFTC records contingent liabilities for legal cases in which payment has been deemed\nprobable and for which the amount of potential liability has been estimated, including judgments\nthat have been issued against the agency and which have been appealed. In FY 2012, the\nCommission is involved in one civil matter which it believes the chance of an unfavorable outcome\nto be probable. The potential loss in this matter is estimated to be $150,000. Additionally, the\nCommission discloses legal matters in which an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible. In\nFY 2012, the Commission was involved in three civil matters which it believes the chance of an\nunfavorable outcome to be reasonably possible. The potential loss in these cases is estimated to be\n$473,648.70.\n\nNote 12 Undelivered Orders\n\nThe amount of budgetary resources obligated for undelivered orders as of September 30, 2012 and\n2011 consisted of the following:\n 2012 2011\n\nUndelivered Orders $ 36,204,581 $ 31,133,527\n\n\n\nThe amount of undelivered orders represents the value of unpaid and paid obligations recorded\nduring the fiscal year, upward adjustments of obligations that were originally\n\nrecorded in a prior fiscal year, and recoveries resulting from downward adjustments of obligations\nthat were originally recorded in a prior fiscal year.\n\n\n 22 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cNote 13 Apportionment Categories of Obligations Incurred\n\nObligations incurred and reported in the Statements of Budgetary Resources in FY 2012 and FY\n2011 were Category A and consisted of the following:\n 2012 2011\n\nDirect Obligations $ 214,808,706 $ 192,773,375\nReimbursable Obligations 214,587 77,156\n\nTOTAL OBLIGATIONS INCURRED $ 215,023,293 $ 192,850,531\n\n\nNote 14 Explanations of Differences between the Statement of Budgetary\nResources and Budget of the United States Government\n\nThe CFTC had no material differences between the amounts reported in the Statement of\nBudgetary Resources and the actual amounts reported in the Budget of the U.S. Government for\nFY 2011. The Budget of the U.S. Government with actual numbers for FY 2012 has not yet been\npublished. The expected publish date is February 2013. A copy of the Budget can be obtained\nfrom OMB\xe2\x80\x99s Internet site at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/.\n\n\nNote 15 Intra-governmental Cost and Exchange Revenue by Goal\n\nAs required by the Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, the agency\xe2\x80\x99s reporting has\nbeen aligned with the following major goals presented in the 2011 \xe2\x80\x93 2015 CFTC Strategic Plan.\n\n 1. Protect the public and market participants by ensuring market integrity;\n promoting transparency, competition, and fairness; and lowering risk in the\n system\n\n 2. Protect the public and market participants by ensuring the financial integrity of\n derivatives transactions, mitigation of systemic risk, and the fitness and\n soundness of intermediaries and other registrants\n\n 3. Protect the public and market participants through a robust enforcement program\n\n 4. Enhance integrity of US markets by engaging in cross-border cooperation,\n promoting strong international regulatory standards, and encouraging ongoing\n convergence of laws and regulation worldwide\n\n 5. Promote Commission excellence through executive direction and leadership,\n organizational and individual performance management, and effective\n management of resources\n\nThe Net Cost of Operations is derived from transactions between the Commission and public\nentities, as well as with other federal agencies. The details of the intra-governmental costs and\nrevenues, as well as those with the public, are as follows:\n\n\n 23 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\n 2012 2011\nGoal 1: Protect the public and market participants by ensuring market\nintegrity; promoting transparency, competition, and fairness; and lowering\nrisk in the system\n\nIntragovernmental Gross Costs $ 10,083,898 $ 8,543,266\nLess: Earned Rev enue (47,728) (18,783)\nIntragovernmental Net Cost of Operations $ 10,036,170 $ 8,524,482\n\n\nGross C osts With the Public $ 49,149,593 $ 39,870,011\nLess: Earned Rev enue (17,179) (4,106)\nNet Cost of Operations With the Public $ 49,132,414 $ 39,865,905\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations- Goal 1 $ 59,168,584 $ 48,390,387\n\n\nGoal 2: Protect the public and market participants by ensuring the financial\nintegrity of derivatives transactions, mitigation of systemic risk, and the\nfitness and soundness of intermediaries and other registrants\n\nIntragov ernmental Gross C osts $ 9,313,379 $ 7,715,430\nLess: Earned Rev enue (44,081) (16,963)\nIntragovernmental Net Cost of Operations $ 9,269,298 $ 7,698,467\n\n\nGross C osts With the Public $ 45,394,034 $ 36,006,638\nLess: Earned Rev enue (15,867) (3,709)\nNet Cost of Operations With the Public $ 45,378,167 $ 36,002,929\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations- Goal 2 $ 54,647,465 $ 43,701,396\n\n\nGoal 3: Protect the public and market participants through a robust\nenforcement program\n\nIntragov ernmental Gross C osts $ 10,391,398 $ 10,794,979\nLess: Earned Rev enue (49,183) (23,734)\nIntragovernmental Net Cost of Operations $ 10,342,215 $ 10,771,245\n\n\nGross C osts With the Public $ 50,648,372 $ 50,378,386\nLess: Earned Rev enue (17,704) (5,189)\nNet Cost of Operations With the Public $ 50,630,668 $ 50,373,197\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations- Goal 3 $ 60,972,883 $ 61,144,442\n\nGoal 4: Enhance integrity of US markets by engaging in cross-border\ncooperation, promoting strong international regulatory standards, and\nencouraging ongoing convergence of laws and regulation worldwide\n\nIntragov ernmental Gross C osts $ 1,184,054 $ 1,490,105\nLess: Earned Rev enue (5,604) (3,276)\nIntragovernmental Net Cost of Operations $ 1,178,450 $ 1,486,828\n\n\nGross C osts With the Public $ 5,771,158 $ 6,954,071\nLess: Earned Rev enue (2,017) (716)\nNet Cost of Operations With the Public $ 5,769,141 $ 6,953,356\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations- Goal 4 $ 6,947,591 $ 8,440,184\n\nGoal 5: Promote Commission excellence through executive direction and\nleadership, organizational and individual performance management, and\neffective management of resources\n\nIntragov ernmental Gross C osts $ 4,372,163 $ 4,569,654\nLess: Earned Rev enue (20,694) (10,047)\nIntragovernmental Net Cost of Operations $ 4,351,469 $ 4,559,607\n\n\nGross C osts With the Public $ 21,310,216 $ 21,325,820\nLess: Earned Rev enue (7,447) (2,196)\nNet Cost of Operations With the Public $ 21,302,769 $ 21,323,624\n\nT otal Net Cost of Operations- Goal 5 $ 25,654,238 $ 25,883,231\n\n\nNET COST OF OPERAT IONS $ 207,390,761 $ 187,559,640\n\n\n\n\nNote 16 Reconciliation of Net Obligations and Net Cost of Operations\n\n 24 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0cThe schedule presented in this footnote reconciles the net obligations with the Net Cost of\nOperations. Resources Used to Finance Activities reflects the budgetary resources obligated and\nother resources used to finance the activities of the agency. Resources Used to Finance Items Not\nPart of the Net Cost of Operations adjusts total resources used to finance the activities of the entity\nto account for items that were included in net obligations and other resources but were not part of\nthe Net Cost of Operations. Components Requiring or Generating Resources in Future Periods\nidentifies items that are recognized as a component of the net cost of operations for the period but\nthe budgetary resources (and related obligation) will not be provided (or incurred) until a\nsubsequent period. Components Not Requiring or Generating Resources includes items\nrecognized as part of the net cost of operations for the period but will not generate or require the\nuse of resources. Net Cost of Operations agrees with the Net Cost of Operations as reported on the\nStatements of Net Cost.\n 2012 2011\nResources Used to Finance Activities:\nBudgetary Resources Obligated\n Obligations Incurred $ 215,023,293 $ 192,850,531\n\n Less: Spending Authority from Offsetting Collections and Recoveries (83,253,032) (25,532,215)\nObligations Net of Offsetting Collections and Recoveries 131,770,261 167,318,316\n Less:\n Less: Offsetting\n Offsetting Receipts\n Receipts (3,210) (2,219)\n Net\n Net Obligations\n Obligations After\n After Offsetting\n Offsetting Receipts\n Receipts 131,767,051 167,316,097\nOther Resources\n Transfers In from Disgorgements, Fines and Penalties 76,708,620 23,755,000\n Imputed Financing From Costs Absorbed by Others 6,478,917 6,589,475\n Total Resources Used to Finance Activities $ 214,954,588 $ 197,660,572\n\n\nResources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost of Operations\n Change in Budgetary Resources Obligated for Goods, Services and\n Benefits Ordered but not yet Provided before Adjustments $ (5,112,842) $ (3,560,305)\n Offsetting Receipts 3,210 2,219\n Resources that Fund the Acquisition of Fixed Assets (12,963,942) (16,997,172)\nTotal Resources Used to Finance Items Not Part of the Net Cost Of $ (18,073,574) $ (20,555,258)\n\nComponents of the Net Cost of Operations that will not Require or\n Increase in Unfunded Liabilities $ 757,908 $ 765,005\n\nTotal Components of Net Cost of Operations that will Require or Generate\nResources in Future Periods $ 757,908 $ 765,005\nComponents Not Requiring or Generating Resources:\n Depreciation and Amortization $ 8,588,607 $ 9,542,857\n (Gain)/Loss on Disposal - 160,131\n Other 1,163,232 (13,667)\nTotal Components of Net Cost of Operations that will Not Require or\nGenerate Resources $ 9,751,839 $ 9,689,321\nTotal Components of Net Cost of Operations that will Not Require or\nGenerate Resources in the Current Year $ 10,509,747 $ 10,454,326\nNet Cost of Operations $ 207,390,761 $ 187,559,640\n\n\n\n\n 25 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c FY 2012 Agency Financial Report\n\n\nNote 17 Earmarked Funds\n\nEarmarked funds arise from disgorgement and penalty collections and are transferred to the\nCustomer Protection Fund (CPF), established by the Dodd-Frank Act. The collections are\ntransferred from the custodial receipt account if they are found to be eligible before the end of each\nfiscal year. In cases where the collection has been returned to the Treasury Department, the\nCommission can recover the funds directly from Treasury. The collections will fund the\nCommission\xe2\x80\x99s whistleblower awards program and customer education initiatives.\n\nThe Dodd-Frank Act provides that whistleblower awards shall be paid under regulations\nprescribed by the Commission. An important prerequisite to implementation of the whistleblower\nawards program is the issuance of rules and regulations describing its scope and procedures. The\nCommission issued final rules implementing the Act on August 25, 2011. These rules became\neffective on October 24, 2011. The Commission established the Whistleblower Office in FY 2012.\n\nDuring FY 2012, $76.7 million of eligible collections were transferred into the Customer Protection\nFund. The Fund\xe2\x80\x99s balance or net position at September 30, 2012 and September 30, 2011 were\n$99.9 million and $23.7 million, respectively.\n\n\n\n\n 26 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c 27 | C F T C\nManagement\xe2\x80\x99s Financial Other Appendix\nDiscussion & Section Accompanying\nAnalysis Information\n\x0c"


type: wikipedia

text:
Kometa hi boċċa magħmula kważi kollha mis-silġ li tivvjaġġa fl-ispazju. Il-kometi huma differenti ħafna mill-asterojdi. Fis-sistema solari, l-orbiti tal-kometi jaslu iżjed 'il bogħod minn Plutone. Il-parti l-kbira huma mbegħdin ħafna mix-Xemx, imma xi ftit minnhom jiġu qrib id-Dinja biżżejjed biex inkunu nistgħu narawhom billejl. Għandhom "dnub" twal għax ix-Xemx iddewweb is-silġ. Id-denb ta' kometa ma jitkaxkarx warajha, imma jipponta direttament 'l hemm mix-Xemx, għaliex itajru r-riħ solari.
 Il-qalba iebsa tal-kometa tissejjaħ in-nukleu. Hi waħda mill-oġġetti l-iżjed suwed fis-sistema solari. Meta raġġi dawl ġiet immirata fuq in-nukleu tal-Kometa ta' Halley, il-kometa rriflettiet 4% tad-dawl lura lejna.
 Hemm min ra kometa titkisser f'biċċiet: il-Kometa Biela kienet waħda minn dawn. Kien hemm kometa oħra li rawha taħbat ma' pjaneta: il-Kometa Shoemaker-Levy 9 ħabtet ma' Ġove fl-1994. L-orbiti ta' xi pjaneti jimxu flimkien fi gruppi. L-Astronomi jaħsbu li dawn il-kometi huma l-biċċiet ta' oġġett wieħed li tfarrak.
 Perjodiċità
 Hemm kometi perjodiċi li jiġu u jerġgħu jiġu u hemm oħrjan li jiġu darba biss. Il-kometi perjodiċi għandħom firxa wiesgħa ta' perjodi orbitali, minn ftit snin sa mijiet ta' eluf ta' snin. Dawk ta' perjodu qasir joriġinaw fil-Faxxa ta' Kuiper, jew fid-disk diffuż
 assoċjat magħha li qegħdin 'l hemm mill-orbita ta' Nettunu. Jaħsbu li l-kometi ta' perjodu itwal joriġinaw fis-Sħaba ta' Oort, sħaba sferika ipotizzata ta' korpijiet tas-silġ fin-naħa ta' barra tas-Sistema Solari.
 Il-kometi ta' perjodu twil jiġu bis-saħħa lejn ix-Xemx mis-sħaba ta' Oort minħaba l-perturbazzjonijiet gravitazzjonali kkawżati jew mill-pjaneti massivi tan-naħa ta' barra tas-Sistema Solari (Ġove, Saturnu, Uranu, u Nettunu), jew stilel oħra. Kometi Iperboliċi li huma rari jgħaddu darba min-naħa ta' ġewwa tas-sistema Solari qabel ma jintefgħu fl-ispazju interstellari matul it-trajettorju iperboliku. Ġew osservati wkoll ' Eχokometi ', kometi 'l barra mis-sistema solari tagħna, u jista' jkun li dawn komuni fil-galassija Triq ta' Sant'Anna.
 Fost il-kometi perjodiċi magħrufin kollha dik li tidher l-aktar spiss hi l-kometa ta' Encke, li kienet identifikata għall-ewwel darba fl-1786. Il-perjodu tagħha hu ta' elf, mitejn u 6 ijiem (3.3 snin) u dan l-iqsar li nafu bih. L-itwal perjodu, min-naħa l-oħra hu tal-kometa ta' Delevan, identifikata fl-1914, li għaliha l-orbita għadha ma ġietx determinata bil-preċiżjoni: kalkulu approssimattiv ibassar li terġa' tidher xi 749 miljun sena oħra.
 Storja tal-kometi
 Il-kelma kometa ġejja mill-kelma Taljana cometa, bil-Latin cometes, li hi l-latinizzazzjoni tal-kelma Griega κομήτης (komētēs), li oriġinalment kienet tfisser "bix-xagħar twil", mill-kelma κόμη (komē), li tfisser "xagħar tar-ras". Il-filosfu u xjenzjat Grieg Aristotle kien l-ewwel wieħed li uża l-forma mnissla ta' κόμη, κομήτης, biex jiddeskrivi li ra bħala "stilel bix-xagħar". Is-simbolu astronomiku għall-kometi hu , magħmul minn diska bi tliet estensjoniet qishom tliet xagħriet.
 Fl-antik in-nies kienu jibżgħu mill-kometi. Ma kinux jafu xinhuma jew mnejn ġejjin. Kien min kien jaħseb li kienu blalen tan-nar mibgħuta fid-dinja mix-xjanten jew l-allat biex jeqirduha. Kienu jgħidu li kull meta tidher kometa iġġib magħha x-xorti ħażina. Kull meta tidher kometa imut re. wieħed minn dawn l-eżempji jidher fit-Tapazzerija ta' Bayeux, meta l-kometa ta' Halley reġgħet dehret. Kienu jaħsbu wkoll li l-kometi jwaqqfu l-ġwerer u jġibu l-ġuħ.
 Kien ir-Rinaxximent meta x-xjenzati bdew iqisu l-kometi b'inqas suspett u jibbażaw l-osservazzjonijiet tagħhom fuq ix-xjenza. Tycho Brahe rraġuna li l-kometi ma jiġux mid-dinja, u l-kalkuli tiegħu urew li l-kometa żgur huma 'l bogħod sitt darbiet daqs kemm id-dinja hi mill-qamar.
 Edmond Halley (li l-Kometa ta' Halley hi msemmija warajh) irraġuna li l-kometi huma perjodiċi, jiġifieri jidhru kull xi ftit ta' mijiet ta' snin. Hekk kien l-ewwel wieħed li bassar id-dehra ta' kometa, il-Kometa ta' Halley.
 Isaac Newton ukoll studja l-kometi. Beda jinteressa ruħu meta dehret kometa fix-xitwa tal-1680–1681, u kiteb dwarha lil John Flamsteed. Induna li l-kometi jagħmlu dawra ta' U (parabola) madwar ix-xemx. Qabel Newton qal hekk, kienu jaħsbu li l-kometi jispiċċaw fix-xemx, imbagħad toħroġ kometa oħra minn wara xemx.
 Lista ta' kometi famużi
 Kometa 19P/Borrelly
 Kometa 2P/Encke
 Kometa Hyakutake
 Kometa Hale-Bopp
 Kometa ta' Halley
 Kometa Humason
 Kometa Ikeya-Seki
 Kometa Machholz
 Kometa McNaught (C/2006 P1)
 Kometa Shoemaker-Levy 9
 Kometa Kohoutek
 Referenzi
 Ħoloq esterni
 Are Comets Made of Antimatter?
 Comets Page at NASA's Solar System Exploration
 International Comet Quarterly
 How to Make a Model of a Comet
 Catalogue of the Solar System Small Bodies Orbital Evolution
 Astronomija


text:
Hebe (grč. , Hêbê) u grčkoj mitologiji boginja je mladosti; vrčonoša bogovima na Olimpu. Prema Heziodu, kći je Zeusa i Here.
 Etimologija
 Hebino ime dolazi od grčke riječi , hêbê = "mladost".
 Karakteristike
 Prikazuje ju se kao lijepu mladu ženu, najčešće odjevenu u haljinu bez rukava ili polugolu. Često drži vrč, kao svoj simbol vinotoče.
 Mitologija
 Heba je bila vrčonoša ambrozije i nektara olimpskim bogovima dok se nije udala za Herakla, nakon čega ju je zamijenio Ganimed. Pomagala je i Aresu s kočijama te kupala Heru.
 Prema Euripidu i Apolodoru, bila je Heraklova žena s kojim je imala dva sina: Aleksijara i Aniketa, blizance i olimpske čuvare, "istjerivača rata" i "nepobjedivog". Pomogla je Jolaju da se pomladi, kako bi se mogao boriti protiv Euristeja.
 Literatura
 Apolodor: Biblioteka
 Euripid: Heraklide
 Heziod: Teogonija
 Vanjske poveznice
 Heba u klasičnoj literaturi i umjetnosti
 Heba u grčkoj mitologiji
 Olimpski bogovi