text:
 11.3.2015
 RO
 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene
 L 66/4
 REGULAMENTUL DE PUNERE ÎN APLICARE (UE) 2015/395 AL COMISIEI
 din 10 martie 2015
 de deschidere a unei anchete referitoare la o eventuală eludare a măsurilor antidumping instituite prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010 al Consiliului la importurile de anumite sârme din molibden originare din Republica Populară Chineză prin importuri de anumite sârme din molibden cărora li s-au adus mici modificări și de supunere a acestor importuri înregistrării
 COMISIA EUROPEANĂ,
 având în vedere Tratatul privind funcționarea Uniunii Europene,
 având în vedere Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1225/2009 al Consiliului din 30 noiembrie 2009 privind protecția împotriva importurilor care fac obiectul unui dumping din partea țărilor care nu sunt membre ale Comunității Europene (1) („Regulamentul de bază”), în special articolul 13 alineatul (3) și articolul 14 alineatul (5),
 după informarea statelor membre,
 întrucât:
 A. CEREREA
 (1)
 Comisia Europeană (denumită în continuare „Comisia”) a primit, în conformitate cu articolul 13 alineatul (3) și articolul 14 alineatul (5) din Regulamentul de bază, o cerere de anchetă cu privire la o eventuală eludare a măsurilor antidumping instituite la importurile de anumite sârme din molibden originare din Republica Populară Chineză prin importuri de anumite sârme din molibden cărora li s-au adus mici modificări, fie în ceea ce privește greutatea, fie în ceea ce privește diametrul, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm, originare din Republica Populară Chineză, și de supunere a acestor importuri înregistrării.
 (2)
 Cererea a fost depusă la data de 26 ianuarie 2015 de Plansee SE, un producător din Uniune de anumite sârme din molibden.
 B. PRODUSUL
 (3)
 Produsul care face obiectul eventualei eludări este sârma din molibden, având în greutate cel puțin 99,95 % molibden, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 1,35 mm dar nu depășește 4,0 mm, originară din Republica Populară Chineză, încadrată în prezent la codul NC ex 8102 96 00 (coduri TARIC 8102960011 și 8102960019) (denumit în continuare „produsul în cauză”). Este vorba de produsul căruia i se aplică măsurile aflate în prezent în vigoare.
 (4)
 Produsul care face obiectul anchetei privind posibila eludare are aceleași caracteristici ca și produsul în cauză definit în considerentul anterior, dar este prezentat la import cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm și se încadrează în prezent la același cod NC ca și produsul în cauză, dar cu un cod TARIC diferit (de exemplu, 8102960099 până la intrarea în vigoare a prezentului regulament). Acest produs provine, de asemenea, din Republica Populară Chineză. Ancheta privind eventuala eludare include, de asemenea, sârma din molibden având în greutate 97 % sau mai mult, dar mai puțin de 99,95 % molibden, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm, originară din Republica Populară Chineză.
 C. MĂSURILE EXISTENTE
 (5)
 Măsurile aflate în vigoare în prezent și despre care se presupune că sunt eludate sunt măsurile antidumping instituite prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010 al Consiliului (2) privind importurile de anumite sârme din molibden originare din Republica Populară Chineză („măsurile existente”). În urma unei anchete privind practicile de eludare, în 2012, aceste măsuri au fost extinse la importurile de anumite sârme din molibden expediate din Malaysia, indiferent dacă au fost declarate sau nu ca fiind originare din Malaysia (3). În urma unei alte anchete privind practicile de eludare, în 2013, aceste măsuri au fost extinse la importurile de sârmă din molibden, având în greutate 97 % sau mai mult, dar mai puțin de 99,95 % molibden, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 1,35 mm, dar nu depășește 4,0 mm, originară din Republica Populară Chineză (4).
 D. MOTIVELE
 (6)
 Cererea conține suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care indică faptul că măsurile antidumping în vigoare privind importurile produsului în cauză originar din Republica Populară Chineză sunt eludate prin importul produsului care face obiectul anchetei și că acestea ar putea fi în continuare eludate prin intermediul altor modificări minore ale greutății sau diametrului.
 (7)
 În mod mai specific, în cerere se arată că, după instituirea taxei antidumping definitive asupra produsului în cauză prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010, a avut loc o modificare semnificativă a configurației schimburilor comerciale implicând exporturi din Republica Populară Chineză în Uniune, fără a exista o cauză determinantă sau o justificare economică suficientă a acestei modificări, în afară de instituirea taxei.
 (8)
 Cererea conține suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care indică faptul că această schimbare este generată de importul produsului ușor modificat în cauză, și anume cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm, care este apoi transformat în Uniune în produsul în cauză, și anume cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 1,35 mm, dar nu depășește 4,0 mm, prin întinderea sârmei pentru a ajunge la o dimensiune a secțiunii transversale de maximum 4,0 mm. Elementele de probă prima facie demonstrează că nu există nicio altă motivație sau justificare economică pentru o astfel de practică, un astfel de proces sau o astfel de activitate decât instituirea taxei.
 (9)
 Cererea conține, de asemenea, suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care indică faptul că produsul care face obiectul anchetei are aceleași caracteristici esențiale și este destinat acelorași utilizări ca și produsul în cauză.
 (10)
 Mai mult, cererea conține suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care indică faptul că efectele corective ale măsurilor antidumping existente referitoare la produsul în cauză sunt compromise, atât în ceea ce privește cantitatea, cât și prețul. Un volum semnificativ de importuri de produs care face obiectul anchetei pare să fi înlocuit importurile de produs în cauză. În plus, există suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care atestă faptul că importurile de produs care face obiectul anchetei se realizează la prețuri inferioare prețului neprejudiciabil stabilit în cadrul anchetei care a condus la măsurile existente.
 (11)
 În sfârșit, cererea conține suficiente elemente de probă prima facie care indică faptul că prețurile produsului care face obiectul anchetei reprezintă practici de dumping în comparație cu valoarea normală stabilită anterior.
 (12)
 În cazul în care, în cursul anchetei, se vor constata alte practici de eludare care intră sub incidența articolului 13 din Regulamentul de bază decât cea menționată anterior, aceste practici pot fi, de asemenea, supuse anchetei.
 E. PROCEDURA
 (13)
 În lumina celor menționate mai sus, Comisia a ajuns la concluzia că există suficiente elemente de probă pentru a justifica deschiderea unei anchete în temeiul articolului 13 alineatul (3) din Regulamentul de bază și pentru a înregistra importurile de produs care face obiectul anchetei, în conformitate cu articolul 14 alineatul (5) din Regulamentul de bază.
 (a) Chestionare
 (14)
 Pentru a obține informațiile pe care le consideră necesare în vederea anchetei, Comisia va trimite chestionare producătorilor-exportatori cunoscuți și asociațiilor de producători-exportatori cunoscute din Republica Populară Chineză, importatorilor cunoscuți și asociațiilor cunoscute de importatori din Uniune și autorităților Republicii Populare Chineze. Dacă este cazul, se pot solicita informații și industriei din Uniune.
 (15)
 În orice caz, toate părțile interesate ar trebui să contacteze Comisia în acest sens, dar nu mai târziu de termenul stabilit la articolul 3 din prezentul regulament, pentru a solicita un chestionar în termenul stabilit la articolul 3 alineatul (1) din prezentul regulament, având în vedere că termenul stabilit la articolul 3 alineatul (2) din prezentul regulament se aplică tuturor părților interesate.
 (16)
 Autoritățile Republicii Populare Chineze vor fi informate cu privire la deschiderea anchetei.
 (b) Colectarea informațiilor și desfășurarea audierilor
 (17)
 Toate părțile interesate sunt invitate să își prezinte în scris punctele de vedere și să aducă elemente justificative pentru susținerea lor. În plus, Comisia poate audia părțile interesate, cu condiția ca acestea să prezinte o cerere scrisă din care să reiasă că există motive speciale pentru care ar trebui să fie audiate.
 (c) Scutirea importurilor de la înregistrare sau de la aplicarea măsurilor
 (18)
 În conformitate cu articolul 13 alineatul (4) din Regulamentul de bază, importurile de produs care face obiectul anchetei pot fi scutite de la înregistrare sau de la aplicarea măsurilor dacă importul respectiv nu constituie o eludare.
 (19)
 Trebuie să se investigheze amploarea eventualei eludări care intervine în interiorul și/sau în exteriorul Uniunii, însă se pot acorda scutiri, în conformitate cu articolul 13 alineatul (4) din Regulamentul de bază, importatorilor și sau producătorilor-exportatori ai produsului care face obiectul anchetei care pot demonstra că nu sunt afiliați (5) niciunui producător supus măsurilor (6) și despre care s-a constatat că nu sunt implicați în practicile de eludare definite la articolul 13 alineatele (1) și (2) din Regulamentul de bază. Importatorii și producătorii-exportatori care doresc să obțină o scutire trebuie să prezinte o cerere în acest sens, susținută în mod corespunzător de elemente de probă, în termenul menționat la articolul 3 alineatul (3) din prezentul regulament.
 F. ÎNREGISTRAREA
 (20)
 În temeiul articolului 14 alineatul (5) din Regulamentul de bază, importurile de produs care face obiectul anchetei se înregistrează pentru a se asigura că, în cazul în care ancheta ar stabili existența unei eludări, va fi posibil să se perceapă taxe antidumping de o valoare corespunzătoare, cu efect de la data la care a fost impusă înregistrarea unor astfel de importuri.
 G. TERMENELE
 (21)
 În vederea unei bune administrări, ar trebui să se stabilească termene pentru ca:
 —
 părțile interesate să se facă cunoscute Comisiei, să își prezinte în scris punctele de vedere și să transmită răspunsurile la chestionar sau orice alte informații care trebuie să fie luate în considerare în cursul anchetei;
 —
 importatorii în Uniune și producătorii-exportatori să solicite o scutire de la înregistrarea importurilor sau de la măsuri;
 —
 părțile interesate să poată să solicite în scris audierea lor de către Comisie.
 (22)
 Trebuie remarcat faptul că părțile interesate nu își pot exercita majoritatea drepturilor procedurale enunțate în Regulamentul de bază decât în cazul în care s-au făcut cunoscute în termenele indicate la articolul 3 din prezentul regulament.
 H. LIPSA COOPERĂRII
 (23)
 În cazul în care o parte interesată nu permite accesul la informații ori nu furnizează informațiile necesare în termenele prevăzute sau obstrucționează în mod semnificativ ancheta, concluziile, pozitive sau negative, pot fi stabilite pe baza datelor disponibile, în conformitate cu articolul 18 din Regulamentul de bază.
 (24)
 În cazul în care se constată că o parte interesată a furnizat informații false sau înșelătoare, acestea nu sunt luate în considerare și se pot utiliza datele disponibile.
 (25)
 În cazul în care o parte interesată nu cooperează sau cooperează doar parțial și, în consecință, constatările sunt stabilite pe baza datelor disponibile, în conformitate cu articolul 18 din Regulamentul de bază, rezultatul anchetei poate fi mai puțin favorabil acelei părți decât dacă aceasta ar fi cooperat.
 (26)
 Faptul că nu se dă un răspuns pe suport electronic nu este considerat un refuz de a coopera, cu condiția ca partea respectivă să demonstreze că prezentarea unui răspuns în forma cerută ar genera sarcini sau costuri suplimentare excesive nerezonabile. Partea interesată ar trebui să contacteze imediat Comisia în acest sens.
 I. CALENDARUL ANCHETEI
 (27)
 În conformitate cu articolul 13 alineatul (3) din Regulamentul de bază, ancheta se va încheia în termen de nouă luni de la data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament.
 J. PRELUCRAREA DATELOR CU CARACTER PERSONAL
 (28)
 Se menționează faptul că toate datele cu caracter personal colectate pe parcursul prezentei anchete vor fi prelucrate în conformitate cu Regulamentul (CE) nr. 45/2001 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului (7).
 K. CONSILIERUL-AUDITOR
 (29)
 Părțile interesate pot solicita intervenția consilierului-auditor pentru proceduri comerciale. Consilierul-auditor acționează drept intermediar între părțile interesate și serviciile Comisiei responsabile cu ancheta. Consilierul-auditor examinează cererile de acces la dosar, litigiile privind confidențialitatea documentelor, cererile de prelungire a termenelor și cererile terților de a fi audiați. Consilierul-auditor poate organiza o audiere cu o anumită parte interesată și poate acționa ca mediator pentru a asigura exercitarea pe deplin a drepturilor la apărare ale părților interesate.
 (30)
 Orice cerere de audiere de către consilierul-auditor trebuie efectuată în scris și trebuie să precizeze motivele pe care se bazează. Consilierul-auditor va oferi, de asemenea, posibilitatea de audiere a părților implicate, pentru a permite prezentarea diferitelor puncte de vedere și a contraargumentelor.
 (31)
 Pentru mai multe informații și date de contact, părțile interesate pot consulta paginile internet dedicate consilierului-auditor de pe site-ul internet al Direcției Generale Comerț: http://ec.europa.eu/trade/trade-policy-and-you/contacts/hearing-officer/,
 ADOPTĂ PREZENTUL REGULAMENT:
 Articolul 1
 Se deschide o anchetă în conformitate cu articolul 13 alineatul (3) din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1225/2009, pentru a se stabili dacă importurile în Uniune de sârmă din molibden, având în greutate cel puțin 99,95 % molibden, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm și care se încadrează în prezent la codul NC ex 8102 96 00 (cod TARIC 8102960020) originare din Republica Populară Chineză, și dacă importurile în Uniune de sârmă din molibden, având în greutate 97 % sau mai mult, dar mai puțin de 99,95 % molibden, cu o secțiune transversală maximă care depășește 4,0 mm, dar nu depășește 11,0 mm și care se încadrează în prezent la codul NC ex 8102 96 00 (cod TARIC 8102960040) originare din Republica Populară Chineză, eludează măsurile instituite prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010.
 Articolul 2
 În temeiul articolului 13 alineatul (3) și al articolului 14 alineatul (5) din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1225/2009, autoritățile vamale iau măsurile corespunzătoare pentru a înregistra importurile în Uniune menționate la articolul 1 din prezentul regulament.
 Înregistrarea expiră după nouă luni de la data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament.
 Comisia poate, printr-un regulament, să invite autoritățile vamale să înceteze înregistrarea importurilor în Uniune de produse fabricate de producătorii-exportatori sau de importatorii care au solicitat o scutire de la înregistrare și despre care s-a constatat că îndeplinesc condițiile pentru acordarea unei scutiri.
 Articolul 3
 (1) Chestionarele trebuie solicitate Comisiei în termen de 15 zile de la data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament.
 (2) În lipsa altor dispoziții, pentru ca demersurile părților interesate să fie luate în considerare în cursul anchetei, acestea trebuie să se facă cunoscute contactând Comisia, să își prezinte punctele de vedere în scris și să transmită răspunsurile la chestionare și orice alte informații în termen de 37 de zile de la data intrării în vigoare a prezentului regulament, cu excepția cazului în care se prevede altfel.
 (3) Importatorii în Uniune și producătorii-exportatori care solicită scutirea importurilor de la înregistrare sau de la măsuri trebuie să prezinte o cerere susținută în mod corespunzător cu elemente de probă în același termen de 37 de zile.
 (4) De asemenea, părțile interesate pot solicita să fie audiate de către Comisie în același termen de 37 de zile.
 (5) Informațiile transmise Comisiei în scopul anchetelor de apărare comercială trebuie să nu facă obiectul unor drepturi de autor. Înainte de transmiterea către Comisie a informațiilor și/sau a datelor care fac obiectul drepturilor de autor ale unor părți terțe, părțile interesate trebuie să solicite autorizarea specifică a deținătorului drepturilor de autor care să permită în mod explicit Comisiei: (a) să utilizeze informațiile și datele în scopul prezentei proceduri de apărare comercială; și (b) să furnizeze informațiile și/sau datele părților interesate de prezenta anchetă sub o formă care să le permită să își exercite dreptul la apărare.
 (6) Toate observațiile prezentate în scris, inclusiv informațiile solicitate prin prezentul regulament, chestionarele completate și corespondența părților interesate, furnizate cu titlu confidențial, poartă mențiunea „Limited” (acces limitat) (8).
 (7) Părțile interesate care transmit informații purtând mențiunea „Limited” trebuie să furnizeze rezumate cu caracter neconfidențial ale acestora, în temeiul articolului 19 alineatul (2) din Regulamentul de bază, care vor purta mențiunea „For inspection by interested parties” (versiune destinată consultării de către părțile interesate). Aceste rezumate ar trebui să fie suficient de detaliate pentru a permite o înțelegere rezonabilă a substanței informațiilor transmise cu titlu confidențial. Dacă o parte interesată care transmite informații confidențiale nu furnizează și un rezumat neconfidențial al acestora în formatul și de calitatea solicitate, informațiile respective pot să nu fie luate în considerare.
 (8) Părțile interesate sunt invitate să prezinte toate documentele și solicitările prin e-mail, inclusiv împuternicirile și fișele de certificare scanate, cu excepția răspunsurilor voluminoase, care trebuie să fie prezentate pe suport CD-ROM sau DVD, în persoană sau prin scrisoare recomandată. Prin utilizarea e-mailului, părțile interesate își exprimă acordul cu normele aplicabile transmiterii informațiilor pe cale electronică, conținute în documentul intitulat „CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION IN TRADE DEFENCE CASES”, care este publicat pe site-ul Direcției Generale Comerț: http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/docs/2014/june/tradoc_152581.pdf Părțile interesate trebuie să își indice numele, adresa, numărul de telefon și o adresă de e-mail valabilă și trebuie să se asigure că adresa de e-mail furnizată este o adresă de e-mail oficială funcțională, care este verificată zilnic. După ce datele de contact au fost transmise, Comisia va comunica cu părțile interesate doar prin e-mail, cu excepția cazului în care acestea solicită în mod explicit să primească toate documentele din partea Comisiei prin alte mijloace de comunicare sau a cazului în care natura documentului care trebuie trimis impune utilizarea unei scrisori recomandate. Pentru norme și informații suplimentare privind corespondența cu Comisia, inclusiv principiile care se aplică transmiterilor prin e-mail, părțile interesate ar trebui să consulte instrucțiunile privind comunicarea cu părțile interesate, menționate anterior.
 Adresa pentru corespondență a Comisiei:
 European Commission
 Directorate-General for Trade
 Directorate H
 Office: CHAR 04/039
 1040 Brussels
 BELGIUM
 E-mail: TRADE-MOWI-R613-CIRCUMVENTION@ec.europa.eu
 Articolul 4
 Prezentul regulament intră în vigoare în ziua următoare datei publicării în Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene.
 Prezentul regulament este obligatoriu în toate elementele sale și se aplică direct în toate statele membre.
 Adoptat la Bruxelles, 10 martie 2015.
 Pentru Comisie
 Președintele
 Jean-Claude JUNCKER
 (1) JO L 343, 22.12.2009, p. 51.
 (2) Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010 al Consiliului din 14 iunie 2010 de impunere a unei taxe antidumping definitive și de percepere definitivă a taxei provizorii impuse la importurile de anumite sârme din molibden originare din Republica Populară Chineză (JO L 150, 16.6.2010, p. 17).
 (3) Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 14/2012 al Consiliului din 9 ianuarie 2012 de extindere a taxei antidumping definitive instituite prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010 privind importurile de anumite sârme din molibden originare din Republica Populară Chineză la importurile de anumite sârme din molibden expediate din Malaysia, declarate sau nu ca fiind originare din Malaysia, și de încheiere a anchetei privind importurile expediate din Elveția (JO L 8, 12.1.2012, p. 22).
 (4) Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 871/2013 al Consiliului din 2 septembrie 2013 de extindere a taxei antidumping definitive instituită prin Regulamentul de punere în aplicare (UE) nr. 511/2010 pentru importurile de sârmă din molibden, conținând minimum 99,95 % molibden, în greutate, al cărei diametru maxim în secțiune este mai mare de 1,35 mm, dar nu depășește 4,0 mm, originară din Republica Populară Chineză, la importurile de sârmă din molibden, conținând minimum 97 % molibden, în greutate, al cărei diametru maxim în secțiune este mai mare de 1,35 mm, dar nu depășește 4,0 mm, originară din Republica Populară Chineză (JO L 243, 12.9.2013, p. 2).
 (5) În conformitate cu articolul 143 din Regulamentul (CEE) nr. 2454/93 al Comisiei din 2 iulie 1993 de stabilire a unor dispoziții de aplicare a Regulamentului (CEE) nr. 2913/92 al Consiliului de instituire a Codului vamal comunitar (JO L 253, 11.10.1993, p. 1), se consideră că persoanele sunt afiliate numai dacă: (a) una dintre ele face parte din conducerea sau consiliul de administrație al întreprinderii celeilalte persoane și reciproc; (b) au calitatea juridică de asociați; (c) una este angajatul celeilalte; (d) oricare dintre aceste persoane posedă, controlează sau deține direct sau indirect 5 % sau mai mult din acțiunile sau părțile emise cu drept de vot de ambele persoane; (e) una dintre ele o controlează pe cealaltă în mod direct sau indirect; (f) ambele sunt controlate în mod direct sau indirect de către o a treia persoană; (g) împreună controlează în mod direct sau indirect o a treia persoană; sau (h) sunt membre ale aceleiași familii. Se consideră că persoanele sunt membre ale aceleiași familii numai dacă sunt legate prin una dintre următoarele relații: (i) soț și soție; (ii) ascendenți și descendenți, în linie directă de gradul I; (iii) frați și surori (buni, consangvini și uterini); (iv) ascendenți și descendenți, în linie directă de gradul II; (v) unchi sau mătușă și nepot sau nepoată; (vi) socri și ginere sau noră; (vii) cumnați și cumnate. În acest context, prin „persoană” se înțelege orice persoană fizică sau juridică.
 (6) Totuși, chiar dacă producătorii sunt afiliați în sensul de mai sus unor societăți supuse măsurilor în vigoare impuse cu privire la importurile originare din Republica Populară Chineză (măsurile antidumping inițiale), ar putea fi acordată o scutire în cazul în care nu există elemente de probă potrivit cărora relația cu societățile supuse măsurilor inițiale s-a stabilit sau s-a folosit pentru eludarea măsurilor inițiale.
 (7) Regulamentul (CE) nr. 45/2001 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului din 18 decembrie 2000 privind protecția persoanelor fizice cu privire la prelucrarea datelor cu caracter personal de către instituțiile și organele comunitare și privind libera circulație a acestor date (JO L 8, 12.1.2001, p. 1).
 (8) Un document purtând mențiunea „Limited” (acces limitat) este un document considerat confidențial în temeiul articolului 19 din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1225/2009 și al articolului 6 din Acordul OMC privind punerea în aplicare a articolului VI din GATT 1994 (Acordul antidumping). Acesta este protejat și în temeiul articolului 4 din Regulamentul (CE) nr. 1049/2001 al Parlamentului European și al Consiliului (JO L 145, 31.5.2001, p. 43).


type: contracts

jurisdiction: EU

text:
Svarbus teisinis pranešimas
 |
 21995A0426(27)
 Oficialusis leidinys L 094 , 26/04/1995 p. 0550 - 0576 Oficialusis leidinys L 094 , 26/04/1995 p. 0550 - 0576
 Agreementin the form of an exchange of letters between the European Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam amending the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on trade in textile products to take into account the expected accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the European UnionLetter from the Council of the European UnionSir,1. I have the honour to refer to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on trade in textile products initialled on 15 December 1992.2. In order to take into account the expected accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the European Union on 1 January 1995, the European Community considers that the following amendments should be made to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on trade in textile products:2.1. The following text is added after Article 10, paragraph 2:"For the purposes of applying the provisions of paragraph 2 in the year 1995, the preceding year's total imports from all third countries shall be calculated on the basis of imports into the Community as constituted on 31 December 1994 and of imports into Austria, Finland and Sweden. Trade between the Community, Austria, Finland and Sweden, or between Austria, Finland, and Sweden shall be excluded from this total."2.2. Figures in Annex II which set out the quantitative limits for exports from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Union are to be replaced by limits for the enlarged Community as set out in Appendix I to this letter.2.3. Article 14, paragraph 2, subparagraph 2, second indent of Protocol A, Title IV, should be amended as follows:- AT = AustriaBL = BeneluxDE = Federal Republic of GermanyDK = DenmarkEL = GreeceES = SpainFI = FinlandFR = FranceGB = United KingdomIE = IrelandIT = ItalyPT = PortugalSE = Sweden"2.4. The Annex to Protocol A, setting out the model of the certificate of origin is replaced by Appendix II to this letter.2.5. The Annex to Protocol A setting out the model of the export licence is replaced by Appendix III to this letter.2.6. The Annex to Agreed minute No 5 setting out the model of the certificate applicable to certain cottage industry and folklore products is replaced by Appendix IV to this letter.2.7. Figures in the Annex to Protocol B which set out the quantitative restrictions for economic outward processing operations are to be replaced by limits for the enlarged Community as set out in Appendix V to this letter.2.8. Should one or more acceding countries not join the European Union the adjustments calculated for this or these countries shall be deducted from the "Adjusted limits 1995, 1996 and 1997" set out in Appendices I and V to this letter and the respective amendments mentioned under point 2.3 shall not enter into force.2.9. Notwithstanding the modifications referred to under points 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6, during a transitional period that will end on 30 June 1995, the competent authorities of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall be authorized to continue issuing the forms that were in use in 1994.2.10. Should inaccuracies appear in the trade figures used to establish the adjustments contained in Appendices I and V, technical revisions of these adjustments will be made following consultations and provided that the request for consultations is made not later than 28 February 1995.3. I should be obliged if you could kindly confirm the acceptance of your Government of the foregoing. Should this be the case, this Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the day on which the Parties have notified each other that the legal procedures necessary to this end have been completed. In the meantime, it shall be applied provisionally from 1 January 1995 on the conditions to be specified in an exchange of notes (see Appendix VI).Please accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration.For the Councilof the European UnionAPPENDIX IANNEX IICOMMUNITY QUANTITATIVE LIMITSGroup | Category | Unit | Existing limit 1995 | Growth rate | Adjustment for | Adjusted limit 1995 | Adjusted limit 1996 | Adjusted limit 1997 |Sweden | Finland | Austria |1 | 1 | tonnes | 150 | 0,66 % | 13 | 6 | 11 | 180 | 181 | 182 |1 | 22 | tonnes | 208 | 2,00 % | 29 | 13 | 24 | 275 | 280 | 286 |1 | 23 | tonnes | 159 | 3,00 % | 15 | 7 | 12 | 193 | 199 | 205 |1 | 41 | tonnes | 218 | 4,50 % | 130 | 58 | 108 | 514 | 538 | 562 |1 | 115 | tonnes | 72 | 1,50 % | 12 | 6 | 10 | 100 | 102 | 103 |1 | 130ab | tonnes | 154 | 1,50 % | 3 | 1 | 2 | 160 | 162 | 165 |1 | 42 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 11 | 5 | 9 | – | – | – |1 | 43 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – |1 | 47 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |1 | 48 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 13 | 6 | 11 | – | – | – |1 | 49 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | – | – |1 | 56 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | – | – |1 | 125a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 123 | 55 | 101 | – | – | – |1 | 125b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |1 | 127a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 8 | 4 | 7 | – | – | – |1 | 127b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |1 | Total | tonnes | 1783 | 2,15 % | | | | 2635 | 2692 | 2750 |2 | 2 | tonnes | 452 | 0,20 % | 18 | 8 | 15 | 494 | 495 | 496 |2 | 3 | tonnes | 252 | 0,40 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 268 | 269 | 270 |2 | 32 | tonnes | 53 | 2,00 % | 2 | 1 | 2 | 58 | 59 | 61 |2 | 35 | tonnes | 216 | 4,00 % | 54 | 24 | 45 | 340 | 354 | 368 |2 | 36 | tonnes | 138 | 4,00 % | 18 | 8 | 15 | 179 | 186 | 194 |2 | 37 | tonnes | 137 | 4,00 % | 49 | 22 | 41 | 250 | 259 | 270 |2 | 50 | tonnes | 112 | 5,00 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 126 | 133 | 139 |2 | 117 | tonnes | 71 | 1,00 % | 8 | 4 | 7 | 90 | 91 | 92 |2 | 33 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 48 | 21 | 40 | – | – | – |2 | 34 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | – | – |2 | 53 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |2 | 61 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |2 | 100 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 15 | 7 | 12 | – | – | – |2 | 136 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |2 | Total | tonnes | 2218 | 2,45 % | | | | 2765 | 2832 | 2902 |3 | 65 | tonnes | 239 | 4,00 % | 50 | 23 | 42 | 353 | 368 | 382 |3 | 38a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |3 | 63 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |3 | 140 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |3 | Total | tonnes | 410 | 3,00 % | | | | 549 | 565 | 582 |4 | 4 | 1000 pieces | 3408 | 0,70 % | 51 | 23 | 43 | 3525 | 3550 | 3575 |4 | 5 | 1000 pieces | 1276 | 0,60 % | 63 | 9 | 17 | 1365 | 1374 | 1682 |4 | 10 | 1000 pairs - | 3473 | 5,00 % | 218 | 98 | 181 | 3970 | 4169 | 4377 |4 | 12 | 1000 pairs | 1665 | 2,00 % | 223 | 100 | 185 | 2173 | 2217 | 2261 |4 | 13 | 1000 pieces | 4789 | 1,00 %. | 233 | 104 | 193 | 5319 | 5372 | 5426 |4 | 24 | 1000 pieces | 1561 | 2,00 % | 45 | 20 | 37 | 1663 | 1696 | 1730 |4 | 28 | 1000 pieces | 1765 | 2,50 % | 70 | 32 | 58 | 1925 | 1973 | 2023 |4 | 67 | tonnes | 195 | 5,50 % | 26 | 12 | 22 | 255 | 269 | 284 |4 | 68 | tonnes | 169 | 3,50 % | 12 | 5 | 10 | 196 | 203 | 210 |4 | 73 | 1000 pieces | 242 | 1,70 % | 11 | 5 | 9 | 267 | 271 | 276 |4 | 74 | 1000 pieces | 360 | 4,00 % | 21 | 9 | 17 | 408 | 424 | 441 |4 | 83 | tonnes | 112 | 2,75 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 123 | 127 | 130 |4 | 156 | tonnes | 27 | 4,00 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 49 | 51 |4 | 157 | tonnes | 99 | 2,00 % | 28 | 13 | 23 | 163 | 167 | 170 |4 | 69 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 26 | 12 | 22 | – | – | – |4 | 70 | 1000 pairs | (No Specific Limit) | | 250 | 112 | 207 | – | – | – |4 | 72 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 48 | 22 | 40 | – | – | – |4 | 75 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 8 | 4 | 7 | – | – | – |4 | Total | tonnes | 5696 | 2,43 % | | | | 6228 | 6380 | 6535 |5 | 6 | 1000 pieces | 2020 | 0,50 % | 212 | 10 | 22 | 2264 | 2276 | 2287 |5 | 7 | 1000 pieces | 1016 | 0,80 % | 16 | 7 | 96 | 1135 | 1144 | 1153 |5 | 8 | 1000 pieces | 6528 | 0,60 % | 39 | 10 | 18 | 6595 | 6635 | 6674 |5 | 14 | 1000 pieces | 316 | 2,60 % | 7 | 4 | 7 | 335 | 344 | 353 |5 | 15 | 1000 pieces | 74 | 2,80 % | 22 | 8 | 25 | 128 | 132 | 135 |5 | 16 | 1000 pieces | 258 | 1,50 % | 15 | 3 | 4 | 280 | 285 | 289 |5 | 17 | 1000 pieces | 206 | 1,50 % | 26 | 4 | 7 | 244 | 247 | 251 |5 | 18 | tonnes | 728 | 2,00 % | 9 | 4 | 8 | 749 | 764 | 779 |5 | 21 | 1000 pieces | 7624 | 1,50 % | 93 | 27 | 325 | 8069 | 8190 | 8313 |5 | 26 | 1000 pieces | 306 | 1,00 % | 30 | 14 | 25 | 375 | 378 | 382 |5 | 27 | 1000 pieces | 114 | 1,80 % | 24 | 11 | 19 | 168 | 171 | 174 |5 | 29 | 1000 pieces | 116 | 2,50 % | 9 | 3 | 7 | 136 | 139 | 143 |5 | 31 | 1000 pieces | 770 | 0,25 % | 53 | 39 | 44 | 905 | 907 | 910 |5 | 76 | tonnes | 615 | 3,00 % | 27 | 8 | 15 | 664 | 684 | 705 |5 | 78 | tonnes | 300 | 2,00 % | 17 | 7 | 14 | 338 | 344 | 351 |5 | 159 | tonnes | 82 | 1,00 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 102 | 103 | 104 |5 | 161 | tonnes | 83 | 1,00 % | 30 | 14 | 25 | 152 | 153 | 155 |5 | 77 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 39 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |5 | 84 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |5 | 85 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |5 | 86 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 23 | 10 | 19 | – | – | – |5 | 87 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |5 | 88 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |5 | Total | tonnes | 9858 | 1,58 % | | | | 10706 | 10875 | 11047 |6 | 9 | tonnes | 736 | 2,50 % | 14 | 6 | 12 | 768 | 787 | 807 |6 | 19 | 1000 pieces | 530 | 3,00 % | 49 | 22 | 41 | 643 | 662 | 682 |6 | 20 | tonnes | 149 | 2,70 % | 21 | 9 | 17 | 197 | 202 | 208 |6 | 39 | tonnes | 120 | 1,70 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 140 | 143 | 145 |6 | 90 | tonnes | 106 | 3,00 % | 15 | 7 | 12 | 140 | 144 | 148 |6 | 97 | tonnes | 74 | 3,00 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 86 | 88 | 91 |6 | 118 | tonnes | 59 | 2,00 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 74 | 76 | 77 |6 | 38b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | – | – |6 | 40 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 15 | 7 | 12 | – | – | – |6 | 58 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 63 | 28 | 52 | – | – | – |6 | 59 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 79 | 36 | 66 | – | – | – |6 | 60 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 62 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |6 | 66 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |6 | 91 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 16 | 7 | 13 | – | – | – |6 | 93 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |6 | 95 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |6 | 96 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 67 | 30 | 55 | – | – | – |6 | 101 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 109 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 110 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |6 | 111 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |6 | 112 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 18 | 8 | 15 | – | – | – |6 | 113 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |6 | 120 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 123 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 141 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 142 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 151a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 13 | 6 | 11 | – | – | – |6 | 151b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 20 | 9 | 16 | – | – | – |6 | Total | tonnes | 2860 | 2,24 % | | | | 3822 | 3907 | 3995 |+++++ TIFF ++++++++++ TIFF ++++++++++ TIFF +++++Group | Category | Unit | Existing limit 1995 | Growth rate | Adjustment for | Adjusted limit 1995 | Adjusted limit 1996 | Adjusted limit 1997 |Sweden | Finland | Austria |IB | 4 | 1000 pieces | 213 | 0,47 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 227 | 228 | 229 |IB | 5 | 1000 pieces | 162 | 0,62 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 173 | 174 | 175 |IB | 6 | 1000 pieces | 304 | 0,66 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 324 | 326 | 328 |IB | 7 | 1000 pieces | 226 | 1,35 % | 7 | 3 | 5 | 241 | 244 | 247 |IB | 8 | 1000 pieces | 814 | 0,87 % | 24 | 11 | 20 | 868 | 875 | 883 |IIB | 12 | 1000 pairs | 1655 | 2,99 % | 48 | 22 | 40 | 1764 | 1817 | 1871 |IIB | 13 | 1000 pieces | 536 | 1,52 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 550 | 558 | 567 |IIB | 18 | tonnes | 212 | 2,91 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 223 | 229 | 236 |IIB | 21 | 1000 pieces | 418 | 2,20 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 438 | 448 | 457 |IIB | 24 | 1000 pieces | 234 | 3,08 % | 7 | 3 | 5 | 249 | 257 | 265 |IIB | 26 | 1000 pieces | 31 | 3,33 % | 24 | 11 | 20 | 86 | 89 | 92 |IIB | 31 | 1000 pieces | 323 | 3,86 % | 9 | 4 | 8 | 344 | 358 | 371 |IIB | 76 | tonnes | 251 | 4,58 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 268 | 280 | 293 |Appendix VIExchange of notesThe Directorate-General for External Economic Relations of the Commission of the European Communities presents its compliments to the Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Communities and has the honour to refer to the Agreement on trade in textile products between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the European Economic Community initialled on 15 December 1992, as amended by the exchange of letters initialled on (date of initialling).The Directorate-General wishes to inform the Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam that whilst awaiting the completion of the necessary procedures for the conclusion and coming into force of the amended Agreement, the European Community is prepared to allow the provisions of the Agreement to apply de facto from 1 January 1995. This is on the understanding that either Party may at any time terminate this de facto application of the amended Agreement provided that one hundred and twenty days notice is given.The Directorate-General for External Economic Relations would be grateful if the Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam would confirm its agreement to the foregoing.The Directorate-General for External Economic Relations of the Commission of the European Communities avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Communities the assurance of its highest consideration.The Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Communities presents its compliments to the Directorate-General for External Economic Relations of the Commission of the European Communities and has the honour to refer to the note of the Directorate-General of (date of note verbale) regarding the Agreement on trade in textile products between the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the European Economic Community initialled on 15 December 1992 as amended by the exchange of letters initialled on (date of initialling).The Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam wishes to confirm to the Directorate-General that whilst awaiting the completion of the necessary procedures for the conclusion and coming into force of the adapted Agreement, the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is prepared to allow the provisions of the Agreement to apply de facto from 1 January 1995. This is on the understanding that either Party may at any time terminate this de facto application of the adapted Agreement provided that one hundred and twenty days notice is given.The Mission of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Communities avails itself of this opportunity to renew to the Directorate-General for External Economic Relations of the Commission of the European Communities the assurance of its highest consideration.Letter from the Government of the Socialist Republic of VietnamSir,1. I have the honour to refer to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on trade in textile products initialled on 15 December 1992.2. In order to take into account the expected accession of the Republic of Austria, the Republic of Finland and the Kingdom of Sweden to the European Union on 1 January 1995, the European Community considers that the following amendments should be made to the Agreement between the European Economic Community and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on trade in textile products:2.1. The following text is added after Article 10, paragraph 2:"For the purposes of applying the provisions of paragraph 2 in the year 1995, the preceding year's total imports from all third countries shall be calculated on the basis of imports into the Community as constituted on 31 December 1994 and of imports into Austria, Finland and Sweden. Trade between the Community, Austria, Finland and Sweden, or between Austria, Finland, and Sweden shall be excluded from this total."2.2. Figures in Annex II which set out the quantitative limits for exports from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to the European Union are to be replaced by limits for the enlarged Community as set out in Appendix I to this letter.2.3. Article 14, paragraph 2, subparagraph 2, second indent of Protocol A, Title IV, should be amended as follows:- AT = AustriaBL = BeneluxDE = Federal Republic of GermanyDK = DenmarkEL = GreeceES = SpainFI = FinlandFR = FranceGB = United KingdomIE = IrelandIT = ItalyPT = PortugalSE = Sweden"2.4. The Annex to Protocol A, setting out the model of the certificate of origin is replaced by Appendix II to this letter.2.5. The Annex to Protocol A setting out the model of the export licence is replaced by Appendix III to this letter.2.6. The Annex to Agreed minute No 5 setting out the model of the certificate applicable to certain cottage industry and folklore products is replaced by Appendix IV to this letter.2.7. Figures in the Annex to Protocol B which set out the quantitative restrictions for economic outward processing operations are to be replaced by limits for the enlarged Community as set out in Appendix V to this letter.2.8. Should one or more acceding countries not join the European Union the adjustments calculated for this or these countries shall be deducted from the "Adjusted limits 1995, 1996 and 1997" set out in Appendices I and V to this letter and the respective amendments mentioned under point 2.3 shall not enter into force.2.9. Notwithstanding the modifications referred to under points 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6, during a transitional period that will end on 30 June 1995, the competent authorities of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam shall be authorized to continue issuing the forms that were in use in 1994.2.10. Should inaccuracies appear in the trade figures used to establish the adjustments contained in Appendices I and V, technical revisions of these adjustments will be made following consultations and provided that the request for consultations is made not later than 28 February 1995.3. I should be obliged if you could kindly confirm the acceptance of your Government of the foregoing. Should this be the case, this Agreement in the form of an exchange of letters shall enter into force on the first day of the month following the day on which the Parties have notified each other that the legal procedures necessary to this end have been completed. In the meantime, it shall be applied provisionally from 1 January 1995 on the conditions to be specified in an exchange of notes (see Appendix VI).Please accept, Sir, the assurance of my highest consideration.For the Governmentof the Socialist Republic of ViêtnamAppendix IANNEX IICOMMUNITY QUANTITATIVE LIMITSGroup | Category | Unit | Existing limit 1995 | Growth rate | Adjustment for | Adjusted limit 1995 | Adjusted limit 1996 | Adjusted limit 1997 |Sweden | Finland | Austria |1 | 1 | tonnes | 150 | 0,66 % | 13 | 6 | 11 | 180 | 181 | 182 |1 | 22 | tonnes | 208 | 2,00 % | 29 | 13 | 24 | 275 | 280 | 286 |1 | 23 | tonnes | 159 | 3,00 % | 15 | 7 | 12 | 193 | 199 | 205 |1 | 41 | tonnes | 218 | 4,50 % | 130 | 58 | 108 | 514 | 538 | 562 |1 | 115 | tonnes | 72 | 1,50 % | 12 | 6 | 10 | 100 | 102 | 103 |1 | 130ab | tonnes | 154 | 1,50 % | 3 | 1 | 2 | 160 | 162 | 165 |1 | 42 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 11 | 5 | 9 | – | – | – |1 | 43 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 3 | – | – | – |1 | 47 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |1 | 48 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 13 | 6 | 11 | – | – | – |1 | 49 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | – | – |1 | 56 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | – | – |1 | 125a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 123 | 55 | 101 | – | – | – |1 | 125b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |1 | 127a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 8 | 4 | 7 | – | – | – |1 | 127b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |1 | Total | tonnes | 1783 | 2,15 % | | | | 2635 | 2692 | 2750 |2 | 2 | tonnes | 452 | 0,20 % | 18 | 8 | 15 | 494 | 495 | 496 |2 | 3 | tonnes | 252 | 0,40 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 268 | 269 | 270 |2 | 32 | tonnes | 53 | 2,00 % | 2 | 1 | 2 | 58 | 59 | 61 |2 | 35 | tonnes | 216 | 4,00 % | 54 | 24 | 45 | 340 | 354 | 368 |2 | 36 | tonnes | 138 | 4,00 % | 18 | 8 | 15 | 179 | 186 | 194 |2 | 37 | tonnes | 137 | 4,00 % | 49 | 22 | 41 | 250 | 259 | 270 |2 | 50 | tonnes | 112 | 5,00 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 126 | 133 | 139 |2 | 117 | tonnes | 71 | 1,00 % | 8 | 4 | 7 | 90 | 91 | 92 |2 | 33 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 48 | 21 | 40 | – | – | – |2 | 34 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 0 | 1 | – | – | – |2 | 53 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |2 | 61 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |2 | 100 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 15 | 7 | 12 | – | – | – |2 | 136 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |2 | Total | tonnes | 2218 | 2,45 % | | | | 2765 | 2832 | 2902 |3 | 65 | tonnes | 239 | 4,00 % | 50 | 23 | 42 | 353 | 368 | 382 |3 | 38a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |3 | 63 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |3 | 140 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |3 | Total | tonnes | 410 | 3,00 % | | | | 549 | 565 | 582 |4 | 4 | 1000 pieces | 3408 | 0,70 % | 51 | 23 | 43 | 3525 | 3550 | 3575 |4 | 5 | 1000 pieces | 1276 | 0,60 % | 63 | 9 | 17 | 1365 | 1374 | 1382 |4 | 10 | 1000 pairs | 3473 | 5,00 % | 218 | 98 | 181 | 3970 | 4169 | 4377 |4 | 12 | 1000 pairs | 1665 | 2,00 % | 223 | 100 | 185 | 2173 | 2217 | 2261 |4 | 13 | 1000 pieces | 4789 | 1,00 % | 233 | 104 | 193 | 5319 | 5372 | 5426 |4 | 24 | 1000 pieces | 1561 | 2,00 % | 45 | 20 | 37 | 1663 | 1696 | 1730 |4 | 28 | 1000 pieces | 1765 | 2,50 % | 70 | 32 | 58 | 1925 | 1973 | 2023 |4 | 67 | tonnes | 195 | 5,50 % | 26 | 12 | 22 | 255 | 269 | 284 |4 | 68 | tonnes | 169 | 3,50 % | 12 | 5 | 10 | 196 | 203 | 210 |4 | 73 | 1000 pieces | 242 | 1,70 % | 11 | 5 | 9 | 267 | 271 | 276 |4 | 74 | 1000 pieces | 360 | 4,00 % | 21 | 9 | 17 | 408 | 424 | 441 |4 | 83 | tonnes | 112 | 2,75 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 123 | 127 | 130 |4 | 156 | tonnes | 27 | 4,00 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 47 | 49 | 51 |4 | 157 | tonnes | 99 | 2,00 % | 28 | 13 | 23 | 163 | 167 | 170 |4 | 69 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 26 | 12 | 22 | – | – | – |4 | 70 | 1000 pairs | (No Specific Limit) | | 250 | 112 | 207 | – | – | – |4 | 72 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 48 | 22 | 40 | – | – | – |4 | 75 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 8 | 4 | 7 | – | – | – |4 | Total | tonnes | 5696 | 2,43 % | | | | 6228 | 6380 | 6535 |5 | 6 | 1000 pieces | 2020 | 0,50 % | 212 | 10 | 22 | 2264 | 2276 | 2287 |5 | 7 | 1000 pieces | 1016 | 0,80 % | 16 | 7 | 96 | 1135 | 1144 | 1153 |5 | 8 | 1000 pieces | 6528 | 0,60 % | 39 | 10 | 18 | 6595 | 6635 | 6674 |5 | 14 | 1000 pieces | 316 | 2,60 % | 7 | 4 | 7 | 335 | 344 | 353 |5 | 15 | 1000 pieces | 74 | 2,80 % | 22 | 8 | 25 | 128 | 132 | 135 |5 | 16 | 1000 pieces | 258 | 1,50 % | 15 | 3 | 4 | 280 | 285 | 289 |5 | 17 | 1000 pieces | 206 | 1,50 % | 26 | 4 | 7 | 244 | 247 | 251 |5 | 18 | tonnes | 728 | 2,00 % | 9 | 4 | 8 | 749 | 764 | 779 |5 | 21 | 1000 pieces | 7624 | 1,50 % | 93 | 27 | 325 | 8069 | 8190 | 8313 |5 | 26 | 1000 pieces | 306 | 1,00 % | 30 | 14 | 25 | 375 | 378 | 382 |5 | 27 | 1000 pieces | 114 | 1,80 % | 24 | 11 | 19 | 168 | 171 | 174 |5 | 29 | 1000 pieces | 116 | 2,50 % | 9 | 3 | 7 | 136 | 139 | 143 |5 | 31 | 1000 pieces | 770 | 0,25 % | 53 | 39 | 44 | 905 | 907 | 910 |5 | 76 | tonnes | 615 | 3,00 % | 27 | 8 | 15 | 664 | 684 | 705 |5 | 78 | tonnes | 300 | 2,00 % | 17 | 7 | 14 | 338 | 344 | 351 |5 | 159 | tonnes | 82 | 1,00 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 102 | 103 | 104 |5 | 161 | tonnes | 83 | 1,00 % | 30 | 14 | 25 | 152 | 153 | 155 |5 | 77 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 39 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |5 | 84 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |5 | 85 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |5 | 86 | 1000 pieces | (No Specific Limit) | | 23 | 10 | 19 | – | – | – |5 | 87 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |5 | 88 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |5 | Total | tonnes | 9858 | 1,58 % | | | | 10706 | 10875 | 11047 |6 | 9 | tonnes | 736 | 2,50 % | 14 | 6 | 12 | 768 | 787 | 807 |6 | 19 | 1000 pieces | 530 | 3,00 % | 49 | 22 | 41 | 643 | 662 | 682 |6 | 20 | tonnes | 149 | 2,70 % | 21 | 9 | 17 | 197 | 202 | 208 |6 | 39 | tonnes | 120 | 1,70 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 140 | 143 | 145 |6 | 90 | tonnes | 106 | 3,00 % | 15 | 7 | 12 | 140 | 144 | 148 |6 | 97 | tonnes | 74 | 3,00 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 86 | 88 | 91 |6 | 118 | tonnes | 59 | 2,00 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 74 | 76 | 77 |6 | 38b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 5 | 2 | 4 | – | – | – |6 | 40 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 15 | 7 | 12 | – | – | – |6 | 58 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 63 | 28 | 52 | – | – | – |6 | 59 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 79 | 36 | 66 | – | – | – |6 | 60 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 62 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |6 | 66 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 6 | 3 | 5 | – | – | – |6 | 91 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 16 | 7 | 13 | – | – | – |6 | 93 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |6 | 95 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |6 | 96 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 67 | 30 | 55 | – | – | – |6 | 101 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 109 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 2 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 110 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 10 | 4 | 8 | – | – | – |6 | 111 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 1 | 1 | 1 | – | – | – |6 | 112 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 18 | 8 | 15 | – | – | – |6 | 113 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 7 | 3 | 6 | – | – | – |6 | 120 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 123 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 0 | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |6 | 141 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 142 | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 3 | 1 | 2 | – | – | – |6 | 151a | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 13 | 6 | 11 | – | – | – |6 | 151b | tonnes | (No Specific Limit) | | 20 | 9 | 16 | – | – | – |6 | Total | tonnes | 2860 | 2,24 % | | | | 3822 | 3907 | 3995 |+++++ TIFF ++++++++++ TIFF ++++++++++ TIFF +++++Group | Category | Unit | Existing limit 1995 | Growth rate | Adjustment for | Adjusted limit 1995 | Adjusted limit 1996 | Adjusted limit 1997 |Sweden | Finland | Austria |IB | 4 | 1000 pieces | 213 | 0,47 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 227 | 228 | 229 |IB | 5 | 1000 pieces | 162 | 0,62 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 173 | 174 | 175 |IB | 6 | 1000 pieces | 304 | 0,66 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 324 | 326 | 328 |IB | 7 | 1000 pieces | 226 | 1,35 % | 7 | 3 | 5 | 241 | 244 | 247 |IB | 8 | 1000 pieces | 814 | 0,87 % | 24 | 11 | 20 | 868 | 875 | 883 |IIB | 12 | 1000 pairs | 1655 | 2,99 % | 48 | 22 | 40 | 1764 | 1817 | 1871 |IIB | 13 | 1000 pieces | 536 | 1,52 % | 6 | 3 | 5 | 550 | 558 | 567 |IIB | 18 | tonnes | 212 | 2,91 % | 5 | 2 | 4 | 223 | 229 | 236 |IIB | 21 | 1000 pieces | 418 | 2,20 % | 9 | 4 | 7 | 438 | 448 | 457 |IIB | 24 | 1000 pieces | 234 | 3,08 % | 7 | 3 | 5 | 249 | 257 | 265 |IIB | 26 | 1000 pieces | 31 | 3,33 % | 24 | 11 | 20 | 86 | 89 | 92 |IIB | 31 | 1000 pieces | 323 | 3,86 % | 9 | 4 | 8 | 344 | 358 | 371 |IIB | 76 | tonnes | 251 | 4,58 % | 7 | 3 | 6 | 268 | 280 | 293 |--------------------------------------------------


type: wikipedia

text:
 Udalosti
 10. február – Naí Dillí sa stalo hlavným mestom Indie
 31. marec – zemetrasenie v meste Managua zabilo 2 000 ľudí
 31. august – záplavy v povodí rieky Jang-c’-ťiang – o domov prišlo 23 miliónov ľudí
 18. september – Japonsko obsadilo Mandžusko, vzniklo tak ohnisko novej svetovej vojny
 5. december – Chrám Krista Spasiteľa v Moskve bol zničený na príkaz Josifa Stalina
 Ruské mesto Usť-Abakanskoje prijalo nový názov Abakan
 Nobelove ceny
 Fyzika: neudelená
 Chémia: Carl Bosch, Friedrich Bergius
 Medicína: Otto Warburg
 Literatúra: Erik Axel Karlfeldt
 Mier: Jane Addamsová, Nicholas Murray Butler
 Narodenia
 5. január – Robert Duvall, americký herec
 6. január – Edgar Lawrence Doctorow, americký spisovateľ († 2015)
 7. január – Branislav Kriška, slovenský operný režisér
 9. január – Jan Šebestík, československý filozof vedy
 10. január – Ladislav Vodička, český country spevák († 1999)
 11. január – Milan Peťovský, slovenský kameraman a filmový režisér († 2000)
 13. január – Ladislav Deák, slovenský historik († 2011)
 13. január – Elias Menachem Stein, americký matematik († 2018)
 16. január – Johannes Rau, 8. prezident Spolkové republiky Nemecko († 2006)
 18. január – Čon Tu-hwan, prezident Južnej Kóreje († 2021)
 20. január – David Morris Lee, americký fyzik, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny
 24. január – Lars Hörmander, švédsky matematik († 2012)
 25. január – Paavo Haavikko, fínsky básnik a dramatik († 2008)
 25. január – Stig Anderson, švédsky textár, hudobný vydavateľ a manažér skupiny ABBA († 1997)
 27. január – Igor Kluvánek, slovenský matematik a profesor († 1993)
 28. január – Lucia Bosè, talianska herečka († 2020)
 29. január – Ferenc Mádl, maďarský politik a prezident († 2011)
 1. február – Boris Jeľcin, ruský prezident († 2007)
 3. február – Libor Ebringer, slovenský mikrobiológ a pedagóg († 2015)
 5. február – Rudolf Čechura, český spisovateľ († 2014)
 8. február – James Dean, americký herec († 1955)
 8. február – Milan Chladil, český spevák († 1984)
 8. február – Emília Kováčová, slovenská ekonómka, profesorka a bývalá prvá dáma Slovenska († 2020)
 9. február – Josef Masopust, český futbalista a tréner († 2015)
 17. február – Jiřina Jirásková, česká herečka († 2013)
 17. február – Kamil Matiašovský, slovenský chemik († 1991)
 18. február – Toni Morrison, americká spisovateľka, nositeľka Nobelovej ceny († 2019)
 20. február – John Milnor, americký matematik
 25. február – Michal Ferianc, slovenský fyzik († 1998)
 28. február – Anna Simková, slovenská divadelná herečka († 2020)
 2. marec – Michail Gorbačov, ruský politik, generálny tajomník ÚV KSSZ, prezident ZSSR
 8. marec – Neil Postman, americký mediálny teoretik a kultúrny kritik († 2003)
 11. marec – Rupert Murdoch, austrálsky mediálny magnát
 12. marec – Otto Zelenka, český spisovateľ, dramatik, dramaturg a scenárista († 2013)
 16. marec – Anthony Kenny, britský filozof
 18. marec – Miroslav Horňák, slovenský filmový scenárista, dramaturg a režisér († 1994)
 22. marec – Burton Richter, americký fyzik, Nobelova cena za fyziku, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny († 2018)
 23. marec – Jerzy Krzysztoń, poľský prozaik, dramatik, reportér a prekladateľ († 1982)
 25. marec – Bohumil Golián, slovenský volejbalista († 2012)
 26. marec – Leonard Nimoy, americký herec a režisér († 2015)
 27. marec – Anton Šulík, slovenský herec († 1999)
 29. marec – Alexej Alexandrovič Gubarev, sovietsky kozmonaut († 2015)
 29. marec – Dezider Kollár, slovenský vysokoškolský pedagóg a jazykovedec
 31. marec – Július Krempaský, slovenský vedec a vysokoškolský profesor († 2019)
 1. apríl – Ladislav Kačáni, slovenský futbalista a československý reprezentant († 2018)
 6. apríl – Milan Jurčo Glina, slovenský literárny vedec († 2012)
 7. apríl – Milan Paumer, český antikomunistickej odbojár († 2010)
 9. apríl – Heisuke Hironaka, japonský matematik
 12. apríl – Miroslav Bázlik, slovenský skladateľ
 15. apríl – Tomas Tranströmer, švédsky básnik, spisovateľ, prekladateľ a psychológ, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny († 2015)
 18. apríl – Július Gyermek, slovenský operný režisér
 19. apríl – Frederick Brooks, americký informatik
 24. apríl – Franek Chmiel, slovenský televízny režisér († 2016)
 3. máj – Jiřina Bohdalová, česká herečka
 7. máj – Václav Černík, slovenský filozof českého pôvodu († 2017)
 9. máj – Vance Brand, americký astronaut
 16. máj – Hana Bradyová, české židovské dievča, ktoré zahynulo v koncentračnom tábore († 1944)
 16. máj – Ignác Kolčák, slovenský akademický maliar († 2008)
 16. máj – Alena Vrzáňová, česká krasokorčuliarka († 2015)
 17. máj – Georg Zundel, nemecký fyzikálny chemik, profesor, mierový aktivista, environmentalista a filantrop(† 2007)
 19. máj – Alfred Schmidt, nemecký filozof († 2012)
 22. máj – Tadeusz Andrzej Zieliński, poľský muzikológ, hudobný kritik a spisovateľ († 2012)
 24. máj – Michael Lonsdale, francúzsky herec († 2020)
 25. máj – Georgij Michajlovič Grečko, ruský kozmonaut († 2017)
 27. máj – Henrieta Peťovská, slovenská kameramanka
 31. máj – Bogumił Kobiela, poľský herec († 1969)
 31. máj – John Robert Schrieffer, americký fyzik († 2019)
 3. jún – Raúl Castro, kubánsky revolucionár a politik
 4. jún – Jan Zábrana, český básnik, prozaik, esejista a prekladateľ († 1984)
 7. jún – Magda Paveleková, slovenská herečka a zabávačka († 2015)
 16. jún – Oskár Elschek, slovenský etnomuzikológ a systematik hudobnej vedy
 20. jún – Olympia Dukakis, americká herečka, producentka, režisérka a aktivistka († 2021)
 27. jún – Martinus Veltman, holandský teoretický fyzik, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny († 2021)
 1. júl – Leslie Caronová, francúzska herečka a tanečnica
 1. júl – Stanislav Grof, americký psychiater
 6. júl – Della Reese, americká speváčka a herečka († 2017)
 6. júl – Vladimír Blucha, český historik
 10. júl – Ivan Rajniak, slovenský herec († 1999)
 16. júl – Eva Sadková, česká televízna režisérka a scenáristka († 2000)
 19. júl – Vladimír Svatoň, český rusista, komparatista a profesor († 2018)
 23. júl – Arata Isozaki, japonský architekt
 2. august – Viliam Schrojf, slovenský futbalový brankár († 2007)
 11. august – Martin Hollý ml., slovenský filmový a televízny režisér a scenárista († 2004)
 15. august – Richard Heck, americký chemik († 2015)
 25. august – Anton Auxt, slovenský pedagóg a matematik († 1987)
 27. august – Sven Tumba Johansson, švédsky hokejista, golfista a futbalista († 2011)
 29. august – Stelios Kazantzidis, grécky spevák tradičného gréckeho štýlu laiko († 2001)
 31. august – Jean Arthur Béliveau, kanadský hokejista († 2014)
 10. september – Philip Baker Hall, americký herec
 10. september – Pavol Sobota, slovenský dramatik a publicista († 1993)
 12. september – Július Binder, slovenský manažér a politik († 2021))
 14. september – Ivan Klíma, český spisovateľ
 22. september – Ladislav Fialka, český mím († 1991)
 28. september – Jan Libíček, herec († 1974)
 29. september – James Cronin, americký jadrový fyzik († 2016)
 29. september – Anita Ekbergová, švédska herečka a modelka († 2015)
 1. október – Jiří Suchý, český divadelník, básnik, skladateľ, spisovateľ, výtvarník a divadelní režisér
 4. október – Richard Rorty, americký filozof († 2007)
 4. október – Laco Zrubec, slovenský spisovateľ († 2011)
 6. október – Nikolaj Stepanovič Černych, ruský astronóm († 2004)
 6. október – Riccardo Giacconi, americký fyzik, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny († 2018)
 7. október – Štefan Babjak, slovenský operný spevák († 2008)
 7. október – Desmond Tutu, juhoafrický anglikánsky arcibiskup, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny za mier
 12. október – Ole-Johan Dahl, nórsky informatik, spoluautor programovacieho jazyka Simula († 2002)
 15. október – Abul Bákir Zainulábidín Abdul Kalám, indický vedec a politik († 2015)
 20. október – Hana Hegerová, slovenská speváčka († 2021)
 24. október – Sofija Gubajdulinová,ruská hudobná skladateľka
 25. október – Annie Girardotová, francúzska herečka († 2011)
 3. november – Monica Vitti, talianska herečka († 2022)
 4. november – Bernard Francis Law, americký kardinál († 2017)
 4. november – Imrich Stacho, slovenský futbalista († 2006)
 15. november – Mwai Kibaki, keňský politik a bývalý prezident
 15. november – Pascal Lissouba, konžský politik († 2020)
 21. november – František Andraščík, slovenský spisovateľ a literárny kritik († 2001)
 26. november – Adolfo Pérez Esquivel, argentínsky sochár, architekt a pacifista
 27. november – Jacob Ziv, izraelský informatik
 30. november – Tibor Halečka, slovenský filozof († 2004)
 1. december – Miroslav Kusý, slovenský politológ († 2019)
 3. december – Viera Handzová, slovenská spisovateľka, publicistka a prekladateľka († 1997)
 9. december – Ladislav Smoljak, český režisér, scenárista a herec († 2010)
 10. december – Rita Klímová, česká ekonómka, disidentka a veľvyslankyňa Česko-Slovenska v USA († 1993)
 15. december – Evald Schorm, český filmový a divadelný režisér († 1988)
 15. december – Ladislav Švihran, slovenský spisovateľ literatúry faktu a prekladateľ († 2022)
 16. december – Anton Korenči, slovenský herec († 2008)
 28. december – Guy Debord, francúzsky básnik, lettrista, filmový tvorca, spisovateľ a kultúrno-spoločenský teoretik († 1994)
 30. december – Charles Arthur Bassett, americký astronaut († 1966)
 Úmrtia
 3. január – Joseph Joffre, francúzsky generál (* 1852)
 13. január – Kálmán Kandó, maďarský inžinier a vynálezca (* 1869)
 11. február – Charles Algernon Parsons, britský vynálezca parnej turbíny (* 1854)
 26. február – Otto Wallach, nemecký chemik, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny za chémiu (* 1847)
 22. marec – Ján Vesel, slovenský advokát, verejný činiteľ (* 1862)
 8. apríl – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, švédsky básnik (* 1864)
 10. apríl – Chalíl Džibrán, libanonský básnik (* 1883)
 26. apríl – George Herbert Mead, americký filozof (* 1863)
 9. máj – Albert Abraham Michelson, americký fyzik, nositeľ Nobelovej ceny za fyziku (* 1852)
 14. máj – Viktor Dyk, český básnik a politik (* 1877)
 19. máj – Adolf Hrstka, český lekár a vlastivedný pracovník (* 1864)
 26. máj – Hans von Arnim, nemecký vydavateľ (* 1859)
 11. jún – Franklin Henry Giddings, americký sociológ (* 1855)
 22. jún – Armand Fallières, francúzsky politik a 9. prezident Francúzska (* 1841)
 27. júl – Jacques Herbrand, francúzsky matematik a logik (* 1908)
 30. júl – Arthur Heyer, nemecký grafik a maliar (* 1872)
 2. august – Cyril Horváth, slovenský právnik a národovec (* 1864)
 13. august – Bohdan Szyszkowski, poľský chemik a akademik (* 1873)
 2. september – Harrington Emerson, americký inžinier, priekopník priemyslu, staviteľstva a manažmentu (* 1853)
 17. október – Ferdinand Ebner, rakúsky filozof (* 1882)
 18. október – Thomas Alva Edison, americký vynálezca (* 1847)
 21. október – Arthur Schnitzler, rakúsky prozaik, dramatik a lekár (* 1862)
 13. december – Gustave Le Bon, francúzsky lekár, sociológ a archeológ (* 1841)
 22. december – Lidija Petrovna Ceraská, ruská astronómka (* 1855)
 1931


text:
The Capture of Banja Koviljača (1–6 September 1941) was a long battle fought by cooperating forces of Chetniks and Yugoslav Partisans against German forces. On 1 September 1941, the insurgents attacked German soldiers who were garrisoned in an outpost at Banja Koviljača in the German-occupied territory of Serbia. The battle reflected skillful command by leaders of the uprising.
 Background
 In August 1941, insurgent activity in the German-occupied territory of Serbia increased. There were 242 attacks on the German Army and gendarmerie posts, railroads, telephone wires, mines and industrial facilities during that month. Twenty-two German soldiers were killed and seventeen were wounded. In the same month, Draža Mihailović ordered the mobilisation of Chetnik units.
 On 31 August 1941, the Chetniks captured Loznica and Zavlaka village and then, on 1 September 1941, they captured Zajača, a mining town.
 Two Chetnik detachments participated in the capture of Banja Koviljača: the Jadar Detachment and the Cer Detachment. The commander of the operation was Nikola Radovanović, a lieutenant general. The Cer Detachment conducted attacks on Šabac in order to distract the Germans in Banja Koviljača. They were quickly transported from Prnjavor through Loznica and Trbušnica to Mount Gučevo above Banja Koviljača where Račić, commander of the Cer detachment, was informed of the intention of the Jadar Detachment of 3,000 men to attack Banja Koviljača.
 The Jadar Detachment was supported by two companies of Partisans that belonged to the Pocerski Battalion, Podrinski Partisan Division. One of the companies (the 4th) was commanded by Aleksandar Lala Stanković. The other, an assault force, was commanded by Mika Mitrović.
 The German soldiers in Banja Koviljača were accommodated in the kursalon (the music hall) and in the hotels Podrinje, Herzegovina and Dalmatia. Between 30 and 40 German soldiers were positioned in a sanatorium on the hill above Banja Koviljača. These soldiers were part of the 718th Infantry Division (Wehrmacht 118th Jäger Division). The divisional headquarters were in Banja Luka and the divisional command post was in Zvornik, both located in the Independent State of Croatia. Hence, the divisional commander first approached the Croatian Minister of the Armed Forces, Slavko Kvaternik, for support.
 Mate Rupčić (commander of the NDH Military on the Serbian front) gave support with the Croatian Home Guard 3rd and 4th Regiments from Zvornik and Tuzla, commanded by Colonel Grum.
 The battle
 On 1 September, the Jadar Detachment under the command of Captain Bogdan Drljača and reserve Lieutenant George Bojić attacked the 3rd Battalion of the German 718th division. German soldiers at the sanatorium retreated to the town and dug a trench and improvised a bunker. Others made a strong defensive fortification with barbed wire and machine gun nests. The German soldiers offered fierce resistance and successfully repelled the attackers and held the town whilst waiting for reinforcements.
 On 2 September, the 3rd Battalion of the 738th German Regiment had to retreat to the east from its position near Koviljača. On the same day, a German reconnaissance aircraft was damaged above Loznica. During the night of 2 September, allied forces numbering between 5,000 and 6,000 Partisans of the Valjevo Detachment and around 1,000 Chetniks under the command of Martinović and Vlado Zečević, a priest, attacked the neighboring town of Krupanj. German reinforcements from Valjevo tried to reach Krupanj and Koviljača with support of the German air force but could not break through the allied lines.
 On 3 September, the German soldiers in Banja Koviljača received artillery support from the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH) and support from the Luftwaffe. Two Junkers Ju 87s dropped twenty-four bombs on Chetnik positions. After this barrage, Croatian Home Guard forces of battalion strength crossed the Drina River near Zvornik. They attacked the left wing of the Chetnik-held slopes of Gučevo, west of Banja Koviljača. The Chetniks under the command of Lieutenant Lazar Savić were suppressed by the Germans and NDH forces who crossed the Drina at Kozluk. Lieutenant George Bojić returned on the same day with reinforcements to halt the progress of German and NDH forces and joined with the Cer Detachment under the command of Dragoslav Račić.
 On the night of the 4 September, large battles were fought. On 5 September, according to Vladimir Dedijer, the Chetniks requested support from Partisan forces (Mačva Detachment and Valjevo Detachment). These detachments marched towards Banja Koviljača. When Partisan units reached Tršić they received news that Banja Koviljača had been captured.
 The German soldiers erected high voltage wires in front of their line. Sergeant Obren Popović, not knowing this, approached the critical German position at the Hotel Hercegovina. Popović led the Chetnik men with a bomb in his hand. The Chetnik men ran onto the high-voltage wire and all were killed.
 On the night of 5 September, fighting continued. The Chetnik forces reached the Hotel Hercegovina in a decisive onslaught by jumping over the high-voltage wires and throwing grenades through the windows of the hotel. There was panic among the Germans, who rapidly retreated with the NDH to Zvornik and were then evacuated by air.
 Aftermath
 After the capture of the town, the Chetniks celebrated the birthday of King Peter II of Yugoslavia. A prison camp to contain captured German prisoners was opened in Planinica village. The Chetniks and the Partisans established command posts in Loznica and Banja Koviljača. Remaining German forces were trapped in Šabac and Valjevo, encircled by the allied forces. Victories at Loznica, Banja Koviljača, Zavlaka, and Krupanj released most of western Serbia, including Loznica, Koviljača and Krupanj, from Axis occupation.
 The Cer Detachment commanded by Račić attacked German positions in Šabac. They penetrated the town but could not capture it. The Chetniks joined with forces in Šumadija to attack Valjevo. The consolidated Chetnik forces advanced to the valley of Western Morava and liberated Čačak, Kraljevo and Kruševac.
 Notes
 Banja Koviljača
 Banja Koviljača
 Banja Koviljača
 Yugoslavia in World War II
 1941 in Serbia
 September 1941 events


type: other

text:
z dne 16. januarja 2019(*)
 „Predhodno odločanje – Pravosodno sodelovanje v civilnih zadevah – Pristojnost in priznavanje ter izvrševanje sodnih odločb v preživninskih zadevah – Uredba (ES) št. 44/2001 – Člen 5, točka 2 – Člen 27 – Člen 35(3) – Pristojnost in priznavanje ter izvrševanje sodnih odločb v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo – Uredba (ES) št. 2201/2003 – Člen 19 – Litispendenca – Člen 22(a) – Člen 23(a) – Nepriznanje odločb, če so v očitnem nasprotju z javnim redom – Člen 24 – Prepoved preverjanja pristojnosti sodišča izvora – Razlog za nepriznavanje na podlagi neupoštevanja pravil o litipendenci – Neobstoj“
 V zadevi C‐386/17,
 katere predmet je predlog za sprejetje predhodne odločbe na podlagi člena 267 PDEU, ki ga je vložilo Corte suprema di cassazione (kasacijsko sodišče, Italija) z odločbo z dne 26. oktobra 2016, ki je na Sodišče prispela 27. junija 2017, v postopku
 Luminiti Luisi Grigorescu,
 v sestavi R. Silva de Lapuerta, podpredsednica v funkciji predsednice prvega senata, J.-C. Bonichot, A. Arabadjiev, E. Regan in C. G. Fernlund (poročevalec), sodniki,
 – za S. Liberata F. Ongaro in A. Castellani, avvocati,
 – za češko vlado M. Smolek, J. Vláčil in A. Kasalická, agenti,
 – za Evropsko komisijo E. Montaguti in M. Wilderspin, agenta,
 po predstavitvi sklepnih predlogov generalnega pravobranilca na obravnavi 6. septembra 2018
 1 Predlog za sprejetje predhodne odločbe se nanaša na razlago Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 2201/2003 z dne 27. novembra 2003 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo ter o razveljavitvi Uredbe (ES) št. 1347/2000 (UL, posebna izdaja v slovenščini, poglavje 19, zvezek 6, str. 243).
 2 Ta predlog je bil vložen v okviru spora med Stefanom Liberatom in Luminito Luiso Grigorescu glede priznanja odločbe, ki se nanaša na zakonske spore, starševsko odgovornost in preživninske zadeve ter ki je bila izdana v Romuniji, v Italiji.
 Uredba št. 2201/2003
 3 V uvodnih izjavah 11 in 21 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 je navedeno:
 „(11) Obveznosti preživljanja so izključene iz področja uporabe te uredbe, ker jih ureja že Uredba [(ES) št. 44/2001 z dne 22. decembra 2000 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah (UL, posebna izdaja v slovenščini, poglavje 19, zvezek 6, str. 243)]. Sodišča, ki so pristojna v skladu s to uredbo, bodo v glavnem lahko odločala o obveznostih preživljanja na podlagi člena 5, [točka] 2, Uredbe [št. 44/2001].
 (21) Priznavanje in izvrševanje sodnih odločb, izrečenih v državi članici, mora temeljiti na načelu medsebojnega zaupanja, razloge za nepriznanje pa je treba omejiti na kar najmanjši obseg.“
 4 Člen 12 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, naslovljen „Dogovor o pristojnosti“, v odstavku 1 določa:
 „Sodišča države članice, ki so pristojna na podlagi člena 3 za zahtevek za razvezo, prenehanje življenjske skupnosti ali razveljavitev zakonske zveze, so pristojna v vseh zadevah, ki se nanašajo na starševsko odgovornost, povezano z navedenim zahtevkom, če:
 (b) so zakonca in nosilci starševske odgovornosti pristojnost sodišč sprejeli izrecno ali na drugačen nedvoumen način v trenutku, ko se je pred sodiščem začel postopek, in je to v otrokovo korist.“
 5 Člen 17 te uredbe, naslovljen „Preizkus pristojnosti“, določa:
 „Če je sodišču predložena zadeva, za katero po tej uredbi ni pristojno in za kater[o] je po tej uredbi pristojno sodišče druge države članice, se po uradni dolžnosti izreče za nepristojno.“
 6 Člen 19 navedene uredbe določa:
 „1. Če pred sodišči različnih držav članic tečejo postopki v zvezi z razvezo, prenehanjem življenjske skupnosti ali razveljavitvijo zakonske zveze med istima strankama, sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, po uradni dolžnosti prekine svoj postopek, vse dokler se ne ugotovi pristojnost sodišča, ki je prvo začelo postopek.
 7 Člen 22 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, naslovljen „Razlogi za nepriznanje sodnih odločb o razvezi, prenehanju življenjske skupnosti in razveljavitvi zakonske zveze“, določa:
 „Sodna odločba, ki se nanaša na razvezo, prenehanje življenjske skupnosti ali razveljavitev zakonske zveze, se ne prizna:
 (c) če je nezdružljiva s sodno odločbo, izdano v postopku med istima strankama v državi članici, v kateri se zahteva priznanje; [...]
 8 Člen 23 navedene uredbe, naslovljen „Razlogi za nepriznanje sodnih odločb o starševski odgovornosti“, določa:
 9 Člen 24 navedene uredbe, naslovljen „Prepoved preverjanja pristojnosti sodišča izvora“, določa:
 „Pristojnosti sodišča države članice izvora se ne sme preverjati. Preizkusa javnega reda iz členov 22(a) in 23(a) ni dovoljeno uporabiti glede pravil o pristojnosti, določenih v členih od 3 do 14.“
 10 Člen 5 Uredbe št. 44/2001 določa:
 11 Člen 27 te uredbe določa:
 12 Člen 34 iste uredbe določa:
 13 Člen 35 Uredbe št. 44/2001 določa:
 14 Člen 150 codice civile (civilni zakonik), naslovljen „Prenehanje življenjske skupnosti“, določa:
 „Življenjska skupnost zakoncev lahko preneha.
 Prenehanje se lahko ugotovi z odločbo sodišča ali izvede sporazumno.
 Sodno ugotovitev prenehanja življenjske skupnosti ali odobritev sporazumnega prenehanja življenjske skupnosti lahko zahtevata le zakonca.“
 15 Člen 151 civilnega zakonika, naslovljen „Sodna ugotovitev prenehanja življenjske skupnosti“, določa:
 „Prenehanje življenjske skupnosti se lahko zahteva, kadar so, tudi neodvisno od volje enega ali obeh zakoncev, podane okoliščine, zaradi katerih je njeno nadaljevanje nevzdržno ali povzroča veliko škodo pri vzgoji otrok.
 Sodišče v odločbi o prenehanju, kadar so za to podani pogoji in se to predlaga, ugotovi, kateremu zakoncu je mogoče ob upoštevanju njegovega ravnanja v nasprotju z dolžnostmi, ki izvirajo iz zakonske zveze, očitati prenehanje.“
 16 Predložitveno sodišče dodaja, da sta starševska odgovornost in obveznost preživljanja otroka urejeni enako v primeru prenehanja življenjske skupnosti in razveze zakonske zveze s členi od 337a do 337g civilnega zakonika.
 17 S. Liberato in L. L. Grigorescu sta zakonsko zvezo sklenila v Rimu (Italija) 22. oktobra 2005 in sta skupaj živela v tej državi članici do rojstva svojega otroka 20. februarja 2006. Ker se je vez med zakoncema postopoma poslabšala, je mati otroka odpeljala v Romunijo in se ni več vrnila v Italijo.
 18 S. Liberato je s tožbo z dne 22. maja 2007, vloženo pri Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu, Italija), zahteval ugotovitev prenehanja življenjske skupnosti ter dodelitev otroka v varstvo in vzgojo. L. L. Grigorescu, ki se je spustila v spor pred tem sodiščem, je predlagala, da se ta zahtevek zavrne, in je vložila nasprotno tožbo, da bi se S. Liberatu naložilo plačilo preživnine za otroka. To sodišče je s sodbo z dne 19. januarja 2012 ugotovilo, da je življenjska skupnost zakoncev po krivdi L. L. Grigorescu prenehala, in z ločenim sklepom v zadevi odredilo preiskavo v zvezi z zahtevkoma obeh strank glede starševske odgovornosti.
 19 Medtem ko je postopek v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo pred Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu) še potekal, je L. L. Grigorescu 30. septembra 2009 pri Judecătoria București (prvostopenjsko sodišče v Bukarešti, Romunija) vložila zahtevo za razvezo zakonske zveze, dodelitev otroka v izključno varstvo in vzgojo ter naložitev prispevka za preživljanje otroka očetu.
 20 S. Liberato se je spustil v spor pred tem sodiščem in vložil ugovor litispendence, ker je postopek za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti in starševske odgovornosti začel že v Italiji. To sodišče pa je vseeno s sodbo z dne 31. maja 2010 ugotovilo prenehanje zakonske zveze, dodelilo otroka v varstvo in vzgojo materi ter določilo ureditev stikov očeta z otrokom in znesek preživnine, ki jo mora oče plačevati za otroka.
 21 Ta sodba je postala pravnomočna po sodbi Curtea de Apel București (višje sodišče v Bukarešti, Romunija) z dne 12. junija 2013, s katero je bila potrjena sodba Tribunalul București (okrožno sodišče v Bukarešti, Romunija) z dne 3. decembra 2012, s katero je bila zavrnjena pritožba, ki jo je S. Liberato vložil zoper sodbo z dne 31. maja 2010.
 22 Pozneje se je postopek za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti v Italiji končal s sodbo Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu) z dne 8. julija 2013. To sodišče je otroka dodelilo v izključno varstvo in vzgojo očetu ter odredilo njegovo takojšnjo vrnitev v Italijo. Navedeno sodišče je določilo tudi ureditev stikov matere z otrokom v Italiji in materi naložilo plačevanje prispevka za preživljanje otroka.
 23 Natančneje, Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu) je zavrnilo vmesni zahtevek, s katerim je L. L. Grigorescu predlagala, naj se na podlagi Uredbe št. 2201/2003 v Italiji prizna sodna odločba o razvezi zakonske zveze, ki jo je Tribunalul București (okrožno sodišče v Bukarešti) izdalo 3. decembra 2012. Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu) je namreč navedlo, da se je postopek za razvezo zakonske zveze začel v Romuniji po tem, ko se je v Italiji začel postopek za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti, in da so zato romunska sodišča kršila člen 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, ker niso prekinila odločanja.
 24 L. L. Grigorescu je zoper to sodbo vložila pritožbo in uvodoma vložila vmesni zahtevek za priznanje sodbe Curtea de Apel București (višje sodišče v Bukarešti) z dne 12. junija 2013, s katero je bil zavrnjen ugovor litispendence, ker zadevi nimata enakega predmeta z vidika romunskega procesnega prava.
 25 Corte d’appello di L’Aquila (višje sodišče v L’Aquili, Italija) je s sodbo z dne 31. marca 2014 sodbo, ki jo je 8. julija 2013 izdalo Tribunale di Teramo (sodišče v Teramu), spremenilo in ugodilo ugovoru v zvezi s pravnomočnostjo sodne odločbe o razvezi zakonske zveze, ki jo je izdalo romunsko sodišče in ki se je nanašala tudi na dodelitev otroka v varstvo in vzgojo ter na prispevek za njegovo preživljanje. To pritožbeno sodišče je menilo, da dejstvo, da so sodni organi države članice, ki so drugi začeli postopek, v tem primeru sodni organi Romunije, kršili ureditev litispendence v pravu Unije, ni bilo upoštevno za preučitev pogojev za priznanje dokončnih ukrepov, sprejetih v tej državi, in da ni nobenega razloga, zlasti ne razloga javnega reda, ki bi preprečeval priznanje romunske sodne odločbe.
 26 S. Liberato je zoper to sodbo Corte d’appello di L’Aquila (višje sodišče v L‘Aquili) vložil kasacijsko pritožbo.
 27 Predložitveno sodišče navaja, da odločba, ki je bila izdana v Romuniji, ureja hkrati vprašanje zakonske zveze, starševske odgovornosti in preživninske obveznosti. V postopku za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti, začetem v Italiji, so bili podani enaki zahtevki, razen kar zadeva zahtevek v zvezi z zakonsko zvezo, ki ni enak, saj se v italijanskem pravnem redu zahteva, da se pred razvezo zakonske zveze ugotovi, da so izpolnjeni zakonsko določeni pogoji za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti med zakoncema.
 28 To sodišče navaja, da ne obstajajo razlogi iz člena 22(c) Uredbe št. 2201/2003, člena 23(e) te uredbe in člena 34(4) Uredbe št. 44/2001, ki preprečujejo priznanje romunske sodne odločbe v zvezi z zakonskim stanom, starševsko odgovornostjo in preživninskimi obveznostmi.
 29 To sodišče pa mora preučiti, ali je kršitev – ki je po njegovem mnenju očitna – določb v zvezi z litispendenco v pravu Unije iz člena 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 in iz člena 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001, s strani sodišč, ki so izdala odločbo, katere priznanje se zahteva, mogoče šteti za razlog, ki preprečuje priznanje te odločbe, ker je ta v nasprotju z javnim redom.
 30 V teh okoliščinah je Corte suprema di cassazzione (kasacijsko sodišče, Italija) prekinilo odločanje in Sodišču v predhodno odločanje predložilo ti vprašanji:
 „1. Ali kršitev pravil o litispendenci iz člena 19(2) in (3) Uredbe [št. 2201/2003] ob upoštevanju, da se člen 24 [te uredbe] sklicuje izključno na pravila za določitev sodne pristojnosti iz členov od 3 do 14, člena 19, ki jim sledi, pa ne omenja, vpliva zgolj na določitev sodne pristojnosti in povzroči uporabo [tega člena 24] ali pa, nasprotno, lahko pomeni razlog za zavrnitev priznanja sodbe, sprejete v državi članici, katere sodišče je drugo začelo postopek, v državi članici, katere sodišče je prvo začelo postopek, iz razlogov javnega reda v procesnem smislu?
 2. Ali je razlaga člena 19 Uredbe (ES) št. 2201/2003 v smislu, da gre zgolj za merilo za določitev sodne pristojnosti, v nasprotju s pojmom ‚litispendence‘ v pravu Unije ter vlogo in namenom pravnega pravila, katerega cilj je določiti sklop pravil javnega reda v procesnem smislu, od katerih ni mogoče odstopati, za zagotovitev oblikovanja skupnega območja, za katero sta značilni zaupanje in vzajemna postopkovna lojalnost med državami članicami ter znotraj katerega lahko delujeta avtomatično priznavanje in prosti pretok sodnih odločb?“
 31 Uvodoma je treba navesti, da se vprašanji, ki ju je zastavilo predložitveno sodišče, nanašata le na razlago Uredbe št. 2201/2003. Kot je navedeno v uvodni izjavi 11 te uredbe, preživninske obveznosti niso zajete z navedeno uredbo, ampak z Uredbo št. 44/2001, vendar iz predložitvene odločbe izhaja, da se zadeva v glavni stvari nanaša na priznanje odločbe, ki ni bila izdana le glede zakonske zveze in starševske odgovornosti, ampak tudi glede preživninskih obveznosti. Zato je treba na vprašanji odgovoriti v skladu z uredbama št. 2201/2003 in št. 44/2001.
 32 Predložitveno sodišče s tema vprašanjema, ki ju je treba preučiti skupaj, v bistvu sprašuje, ali je treba pravila o litispendenci iz člena 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001 in člena 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 razlagati tako, da če v zakonskih sporih, v sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo in v preživninskih zadevah sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, v nasprotju s temi pravili sprejme odločbo, ki je postala pravnomočna, sodišča države članice, v kateri je sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek, lahko zavrnejo priznanje te odločbe, ker je ta odločba v očitnem nasprotju z javnim redom.
 33 V zvezi s tem je treba spomniti, da je L. L. Grigorescu 30. septembra 2009 pri romunskem sodišču vložila zahtevke za razvezo zakonske zveze, sklenjene med njo in S. Liberatom, za dodelitev otroka v izključno varstvo in vzgojo ter za naložitev prispevka za preživljanje otroka očetu, čeprav sta bila pred italijanskim sodiščem že pred tem datumom vložena zahtevka za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti ter za dodelitev otroka v varstvo in vzgojo, ki ju je vložil S. Liberato, in nasprotni zahtevek za naložitev preživnine za otroka, ki ga je vložila L. L. Grigorescu.
 34 Romunsko sodišče je glede na to, da gre za različna zahtevka na področju zakonskih sporov, pri čemer se prvi nanaša na razvezo zakonske zveze, drugi pa na prenehanje življenjske skupnosti, štelo, da ni bilo litispendence v smislu člena 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 in da je bilo pristojno za odločanje o tožbi, ki jo je vložila L. L. Grigorescu.
 35 Kot je Sodišče že odločilo, če se na področju zakonskih sporov v skladu s členom 19(1) Uredbe št. 2201/2003 zahtevki nanašajo na iste stranke, imajo ti lahko različne predmete, čeprav se nanašajo na prenehanje življenjske skupnosti, na razvezo ali na razveljavitev zakonske zveze. Sodišče je iz tega sklenilo, da lahko litispendenca in sorodne pravde obstajajo v smislu člena 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, če pred sodišči različnih držav članic tečeta postopka za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti in za razvezo. V teh okoliščinah in če so stranke iste, sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, po uradni dolžnosti prekine svoj postopek, vse dokler se ne ugotovi pristojnost sodišča, ki je prvo začelo postopek (sodba z dne 6. oktobra 2015, A, C‐489/14, EU:C:2015:654, točki 33 in 34).
 36 Poleg tega in kot je generalni pravobranilec navedel v točkah 56 in 57 sklepnih predlogov, se, če so bili v postopku v zvezi z zakonsko zvezo vloženi zahtevki v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo, uporabljajo pravila o litispendenci, ki se nanašajo na razpad zveze. Enako velja na področju preživnine, če so zahtevki povezani s postopkom v zvezi z osebnim stanjem osebe v skladu s členom 5, točka 2, Uredbe št. 44/2001. Iz tega izhaja, da so prvonavedeni zahtevki urejeni v členu 19(1) Uredbe št. 2201/2003, drugonavedeni pa v členu 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001.
 37 V obravnavanem primeru se je sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek za prenehanje življenjske skupnosti, izreklo za pristojno – na podlagi člena 12(1) Uredbe št. 2201/2003 – za odločanje o zahtevkih o preživninskih obveznostih glede otroka, saj je bila L. L. Grigorescu stranka v postopku pred tem sodiščem in je torej sprejela pristojnost tega sodišča.
 38 Iz tega izhaja, da v položaju, kakršen je ta v postopku v glavni stvari, sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek glede tožbe za razvezo zakonske zveze in glede zahtevkov v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo in preživninsko obveznostjo ter ki zavrne prekinitev odločanja o zadevi in meni, da je pristojno za odločanje o teh zahtevkih, krši določbe člena 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 in določbe člena 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001.
 39 Za odgovor na vprašanji predložitvenega sodišča je treba navesti, da ima člen 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 podobno besedilo kot člen 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001 in vzpostavlja ureditev, ki je enaka tisti, ki je določena v tem zadnjem členu za obravnavo primerov listispendence. Zato je treba upoštevati ugotovitve Sodišča v zvezi s to zadnjo uredbo za razlago Uredbe št. 2201/2003 (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 6. oktobra 2015, A, C‐489/14, EU:C:2015:654, točka 27).
 40 Dalje, spomniti je treba na lastnosti te ureditve, ki jo določa Uredba št. 2201/2003.
 41 Ta uredba temelji na sodelovanju in medsebojnem zaupanju med sodišči, ki morata voditi do vzajemnega priznavanja sodnih odločb, kar je temelj za oblikovanje resničnega pravosodnega območja (sodba z dne 15. februarja 2017, W in V, C‐499/15, EU:C:2017:118, točka 50 in navedena sodna praksa).
 42 V takih okoliščinah imajo pravila o litispendenci pomembno vlogo.
 43 Kot je Sodišče že odločilo, je namen teh pravil – v interesu učinkovitega izvajanja sodne oblasti v Uniji – izogniti se sočasnim postopkom pred sodišči različnih držav članic in izdaji nasprotujočih si sodnih odločb, do katerih bi zaradi njih lahko prišlo. Za to je zakonodajalec Unije želel uvesti jasno in učinkovito ureditev za reševanje primerov litispendence, ki temelji na kronološkem zaporedju, v katerem sta sodišči začeli postopek (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 6. oktobra 2015, A, C‐489/14, EU:C:2015:654, točki 29 in 30 ter navedena sodna praksa, in po analogiji glede Uredbe št. 44/2001 sodbo z dne 27. februarja 2014, Cartier parfums-lunettes in Axa Corporate Solutions assurances, C‐1/13, EU:C:2014:109, točka 40).
 44 Za zagotovitev učinkovitega izvajanja Uredbe št. 2201/2003 in v skladu z načelom medsebojnega zaupanja, na katerem ta uredba temelji, je treba najprej poudariti, kot je generalni pravobranilec navedel v točki 59 sklepnih predlogov, da mora vsako sodišče v skladu s členom 17 navedene uredbe preveriti svojo pristojnost (glej v tem smislu sodbe z dne 15. julija 2010, Purrucker, C‐256/09, EU:C:2010:437, točka 73; z dne 12. novembra 2014, L, C‐656/13, EU:C:2014:2364, točka 58, in z dne 15. februarja 2017, W in V, C‐499/15, EU:C:2017:118, točka 54).
 45 Drugič, v skladu s členom 24 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 se pristojnost sodišča države članice izvora ne sme preverjati (sodba z dne 9. novembra 2010, Purrucker, C‐296/10, EU:C:2010:665, točka 85). Enako določa člen 35(3) Uredbe št. 44/2001.
 46 Tretjič, v skladu z uvodno izjavo 21 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 ta izhaja iz pojmovanja, da mora priznavanje in izvrševanje sodnih odločb, izdanih v državi članici, temeljiti na načelu medsebojnega zaupanja in da je treba razloge za nepriznanje čim bolj omejiti (sodba z dne 19. novembra 2015, P, C‐455/15 PPU, EU:C:2015:763, točka 35).
 47 Glede na te ugotovitve je treba preučiti, ali je okoliščina, da je bila odločba, ki je postala postala pravnomočna, sprejeta v nasprotju s pravili o litispendenci, ki so določena v členu 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001 in členu 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, razlog javnega reda, ki na podlagi člena 34 Uredbe št. 44/2001 ter člena 22(a) in člena 23(a) Uredbe št. 2201/2003 preprečuje, da bi to odločbo lahko priznala sodišča države članice, v kateri je sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek.
 48 V zvezi s tem je treba navesti, da v skladu s samim besedilom člena 24 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 merila javnega reda iz člena 22(a) in člena 23(a) te uredbe ni dovoljeno uporabiti glede pravil o pristojnosti, določenih v členih od 3 do 14 navedene uredbe.
 49 Zato je treba ugotoviti, ali so pravila o litispendenci pravila o pristojnosti, enako kot tista, ki so določena v členih od 3 do 14 te uredbe.
 50 Čeprav je v zvezi s tem res, da pravila o litispendenci, ki so določena v členu 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, niso med pravili o pristojnosti, ki so izrecno določena v členu 24 te uredbe, je navedeni člen 19 del poglavja II te uredbe, ki je naslovljeno „Pristojnost“.
 51 Poleg tega, kot je generalni pravobranilec navedel v točki 77 sklepnih predlogov, če – kot v postopku v glavni stvari – sodišče, ki je o zadevi prvo začelo postopek, pri začetnem odločanju o priznanju preverja, ali je sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, pravilno uporabilo pravila o litispendenci, in torej presoja razloge, zakaj se zadnjenavedeno ni izreklo za nepristojno, sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek, s tem avtomatično preveri pristojnost sodišča, ki je drugo začelo postopek. Kot je bilo navedeno v točki 45 te sodbe, pa mu člen 24 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 ne dopušča, da preverja pristojnost.
 52 Tako kljub dejstvu, da se prepoved, ki je določena v členu 24 te uredbe, ne sklicuje izrecno na člen 19 navedene uredbe, zatrjevana kršitev tega člena sodišču, ki je prvo začelo postopek, ne dopušča – sicer bi preverjalo pristojnost sodišča, ki je drugo začelo postopek – da zavrne priznanje odločbe, ki jo je izdalo zadnjenavedeno sodišče v nasprotju s pravilom o litispendenci, ki ga vsebuje ta določba (glej po analogiji glede člena 15 Uredbe št. 2201/2003 sodbo z dne 19. novembra 2015, P, C‐455/15 PPU, EU:C:2015:763, točka 45).
 53 Te ugotovitve se lahko uporabijo tudi za pravila o litispendenci iz člena 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001 glede preživninskih obveznosti, saj člen 35(3) te uredbe določa tudi, da se pristojnost sodišča države članice izvora ne sme preverjati.
 54 Dodati je treba, da sodišče države, v kateri se zahteva priznanje, ne more zavrniti priznanja sodne odločbe, ki jo je izdala druga država članica, le zato, ker meni, da je bilo v tej sodni odločbi nacionalno pravo ali pravo Unije napačno uporabljeno, saj bi bil sicer omajan cilj uredb št. 2201/2003 in št. 44/2001 (glej v tem smislu sodbi z dne 16. julija 2015, Diageo Brands, C‐681/13, EU:C:2015:471, točka 49, in z dne 19. novembra 2015, P, C‐455/15 PPU, EU:C:2015:763, točka 46).
 55 Ta presoja je potrjena s tem, da je treba razloge za nepriznanje odločbe zaradi njenega očitnega nasprotja z javnim redom iz člena 22(a) in člena 23(a) Uredbe št. 2201/2003 ter člena 34 Uredbe št. 44/2001 razlagati strogo, saj pomenijo oviro pri uresničevanju enega od temeljnih ciljev teh uredb, kot je opozorjeno v točki 46 te sodbe (glej v tem smislu sodbo z dne 19. novembra 2015, P, C‐455/15 PPU, EU:C:2015:763, točka 36).
 56 Zato je treba na zastavljeni vprašanji odgovoriti, da je treba pravila o litispendenci, ki so določena v členu 27 Uredbe št. 44/2001 in členu 19 Uredbe št. 2201/2003, razlagati tako, da kadar v zakonskih sporih, v sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo ali v preživninskih zadevah sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, v nasprotju s temi pravili sprejme odločbo, ki je postala pravnomočna, ta pravila nasprotujejo temu, da sodišča države članice, v kateri je sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek, le iz tega razloga zavrnejo priznanje te odločbe. Natančneje, s to kršitvijo samo po sebi ni mogoče upravičiti nepriznanja navedene odločbe, ker je ta v očitnem nasprotju z javnim redom te države članice.
 Pravila o litispendenci, ki so določena v členu 27 Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 44/2001 z dne 22. decembra 2000 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v civilnih in gospodarskih zadevah in členu 19 Uredbe Sveta (ES) št. 2201/2003 z dne 27. novembra 2003 o pristojnosti in priznavanju ter izvrševanju sodnih odločb v zakonskih sporih in sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo ter o razveljavitvi Uredbe (ES) št. 1347/2000, je treba razlagati tako, da kadar v zakonskih sporih, v sporih v zvezi s starševsko odgovornostjo ali v preživninskih zadevah sodišče, ki je drugo začelo postopek, v nasprotju s temi pravili sprejme odločbo, ki je postala pravnomočna, ta pravila nasprotujejo temu, da sodišča države članice, v kateri je sodišče, ki je prvo začelo postopek, le iz tega razloga zavrnejo priznanje te odločbe. Natančneje, s to kršitvijo samo po sebi ni mogoče upravičiti nepriznanja navedene odločbe, ker je ta v očitnem nasprotju z javnim redom te države članice.


text:
Itālijas reģioniem tika piešķirtas reģionālās autonomijas tiesības 1948. gada konstitūcijā, kurā tiek noteikts, ka tās konstitūcijas loma ir atzīt, aizsargāt un atbalstīt lokālo autonomiju, nodrošināt, lai valsts līmenis būtu pēc iespējas decentralizētāks, kā arī īstenot principus un likumus, veidojot autonomiju un decentralizāciju.
 Pieciem reģioniem (Friuli-Venēcijai Džūlijai, Sardīnijai, Sicīlijai, Trentino-Alto Adidžei un Valle d'Aostai) ir piešķirts īpašs autonomijas statuss, kas atļauj tiem regulēt reģionālo likumdošanu un specifisku lokālo politiku kultūras jomā, kā arī ģeogrāfiskās atrašanās īpatnības un minoritāšu pastāvēšanas dēļ. Pārējie 15 reģioni tika izveidoti tikai 1970to gadu sākumā.
 2017. gada oktobrī arī Lombardijas un Veneto (Venēcijas) reģioni rīkoja referendumu par plašākām vietējās varas pilnvarām drošības, migrācijas, vides un izglītības jautājumu risināšanā.
 Reģionu uzskaitījums
 Atsauces
 Itālijas administratīvais iedalījums
 Itālijas reģioni