dliu1/legal-llama-raw-text huggingface dataset:
Section 1953 - Effect of certain special limitations and conditions subsequent1. Except as provided in subdivision 4, a special limitation or condition subsequent created on or after September 1, 1958 shall be governed by this section in any case where it expressly or by necessary result restricts the use of land, but if such special limitation or condition subsequent also creates a possibility of reverter or right of entry conditioned upon an event other than breach of such a restriction, it shall be governed by this section to the extent only that the right of entry or possibility of reverter is conditioned upon breach of such express or implied restriction on the use of land.2. No reverter shall occur and no possessory estate shall result by reason of such special limitation, and no right of entry shall accrue by reason of breach of such condition subsequent, but upon the happening of such a breach the person or persons who would have such possessory estate or right of entry except for this section, may maintain an action in the supreme court to compel a conveyance to him or them of the land, or the interest therein, which is subject to the special limitation or condition subsequent.3. The relief provided in subdivision 2 shall be granted only to protect a substantial interest in enforcement of the restriction, established by the person or persons in whose favor the relief is granted. The action provided for in this section shall be subject to any defense that might be interposed in an action to enjoin a violation of the restriction if it were created by covenant of the person or persons against whom the relief is sought, and the court may deny such relief, or impose conditions upon the granting thereof, or grant alternative relief, upon like cause and in like manner as in an action for such injunction. If it appears that the relief provided in subdivision 2 would be inequitable, the court may, in lieu thereof, restrain the repetition or continuation of a breach of the restriction, or it may grant the relief provided in subdivision 2 upon such terms as justice may require to avoid a forfeiture of the value of improvements or other unjust enrichment.4. This section shall not apply where the special limitation or condition subsequent was created in a conveyance or devise, whether or not in trust, for benevolent, charitable, educational, public or religious purposes and restricts the use of land to such a purpose or to a particular application or means of carrying out such purpose, or was created by a lease for a term of less than one hundred years and restricts use of the leased premises.
N.Y. Real Prop. Acts. Law § 1953
Section 1954 - Action to limit existing possibilities of reverter and rights of entry restricting the use of land1. This section shall apply to a special limitation or condition subsequent created prior to September 1, 1958 which would be subject to section 1953 if it had been created on or after September 1, 1958.2. The owners of the estate subject to the special limitation or condition subsequent, or one or more of such owners, may maintain an action to obtain a judgment that the special limitation or condition subsequent be governed by section 1951 and section 1953, or that it be so governed to the extent of particular terms of the special limitation or condition subsequent, or to the extent of a particular part of the land burdened by the restriction. Such action may be maintained against one or more of the persons who would have a possessory estate resulting from the occurrence of the reverter or a right of entry for breach of the condition if a breach of the restriction had occurred at the time the action is commenced, to obtain such a judgment with respect to the interests of the parties to the action.3. Except as provided in subdivision 4, the court may grant the relief described in subdivision 2 if it finds that the primary purpose of the special limitation or condition subsequent was to restrict the use of land and that the tenor of the restriction, the circumstances in which it was imposed, and the conditions in which it operates at the time of the action are such that the special limitation or condition subsequent unreasonably limits the use and development of the land or unreasonably impairs the certainty of titles.4. The relief provided in this section shall not be granted if the court finds that a breach of the restriction has already occurred.5. If the complaint in any such action is dismissed on the ground that a breach of the restriction has already occurred at the time the action is brought or relief is denied on such ground, the right of entry for breach of the condition or any cause of action to recover possession of the land, owned by a person who was a party to the action, or a person claiming through or under him, must be asserted in the same action or by action commenced within six months from the entry of the judgment therein, and if such action is not commenced within that time the right of entry, or the possessory estate resulting from the occurrence of the reverter, shall be extinguished to the extent that it is vested at the time of the entry of the judgment in persons who are parties to the action, or thereafter vests in persons claiming through or under them by title accruing after the filing of a notice of pendency of the action.6. The action provided in this section may be commenced at any time.
N.Y. Real Prop. Acts. Law § 1954
Section 1955 - Modification or extinguishment of certain restrictions on the use of land held for charitable purposes1. Where land is held, whether or not in trust, for benevolent, charitable, educational, public or religious purposes and the use of such land is restricted to such purpose or to a particular application of or means of carrying out such purpose by a special limitation or condition subsequent created in the conveyance or devise under which the land is so held, or by an agreement to convey, reconvey or surrender the land or the estate so held upon a contingency relating to its use, an action may be brought in the supreme court to obtain relief from such restriction as provided in this section.2. No action for the relief provided in this section shall be commenced until the expiration of two years from the creation of the special limitation or condition subsequent, or the making of the agreement. The attorney-general shall be a party to such action.3. In determining whether relief shall be granted, and the nature of such relief, the court shall consider and shall make findings with respect to the following: (a) whether the primary purpose of the special limitation, condition subsequent or agreement to convey, reconvey or surrender was to restrict the use of the land;(b) whether the purpose of the restriction was to ensure that the substantial value of the land or of the estate subject to the special limitation, condition subsequent or agreement, rather than the land itself, or such estate itself, be devoted to and employed for a benevolent, charitable, educational, public or religious purpose.
If the findings with respect to (a) and (b) are such as to make the following matters relevant or appropriate for consideration, the court shall also consider and make findings with respect to the following:
(c) whether the existence of the restriction is substantially impeding the owner of the land, or of the estate subject to the special limitation, condition subsequent or agreement, in the furtherance of the benevolent, charitable, educational, public or religious purposes for which the land is held;(d) whether the person or persons who would have a right of entry, possessory estate resulting from the occurrence of a reverter, or right to conveyance, reconveyance or surrender of the land or estate in the event of breach of the restriction at the time of the action will suffer substantial damage by reason of extinguishment or modification of the restriction, and, in such event, whether damages or restitution of the land, or its value, in whole or in part, should be awarded to such person or persons.4. The judgment of the court may include, in the discretion of the court, an adjudication (a) that the restriction is discharged in whole or in part, or that its tenor is modified as provided in the judgment; (b) that the holder of the land or estate therein subject to the restriction be authorized or directed to convey, lease, mortgage or otherwise dispose of the land or estate therein free of the restriction and that the purchaser under such disposition shall take free of the restriction; (c) directing the use to which the avails of any such disposition shall be put; (d) declaring the interests that the owners of the possibility of reverter or right of entry, or persons having an interest pursuant to the agreement, shall have in any property paid for in whole or in part with the proceeds of the disposition; (e) awarding damages for such injury as a party to the action may sustain by reason of extinguishment or modification of the restriction. The judgment may include such other provisions as will in the opinion of the court further the benevolent, charitable, educational, public or religious purposes for which the land is held and such other provisions as equity may require.5. This section shall apply to a special limitation or condition subsequent created or agreement made either before or after September 1, 1958, except that it shall not apply (a) where a right of entry or right to a conveyance, reconveyance or surrender of the property has accrued or a reverter has occurred prior to that date, or (b) where the conveyance creating the restriction was made by or the agreement creating the restriction was made with the United States, the state of New York or any governmental unit, subdivision or agency of the United States or the state of New York.
N.Y. Real Prop. Acts. Law § 1955
Article 20 - ENFORCEMENT OF COVENANTS AND EASEMENTS; RECOVERY OF DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF COVENANT OR INJURY TO EASEMENT
Section 2001 - Action to enforce certain covenants restricting use of land or for damages for breach to be brought within two years1. This section applies to actions to enforce a covenant or agreement restricting the use of land or to recover damages for breach thereof, including an action predicated on infringement of an easement or other interest created by the covenant or agreement, to the extent that the restriction relates to structures that may be erected on the premises and limits such structures with respect to set-back or sidelines, the area that may be built upon, the location, independent character or number of structures, height, or general purpose for which they shall be designed or typically suited.2. An action to enforce the covenant or agreement by compelling the removal or alteration of a structure, or to recover damages for breach of the covenant or agreement, or to recover damages for infringement of an easement or other interest in the premises so restricted, cannot be maintained unless it is commenced (a) before the expiration of two years from the completion of the structure concerned, or (b) before September one, nineteen hundred sixty-five, whichever shall be later.3.a. For the purposes of this section, where the breach of the restriction upon which the action is predicated consists of a replacement, enlargement or alteration of a previously existing structure which did not constitute or involve a violation of the restriction, or where a previously existing structure constituted a violation for which action is barred as provided in this section and a replacement, enlargement or alteration is made constituting or creating a different or more extensive violation, the completion of the replacement, enlargement or alteration shall be deemed the completion of the structure.b. The date of issuance of a certificate of occupancy or, if no such certificate shall have been issued, the date of actual occupancy of the structure or of the structure as replaced, enlarged or altered, shall be deemed the date of completion of the structure.4. The application of this section is not affected by any disability or lack of knowledge on the part of any person, and is not affected by the fact that the person against whom the action might have been brought within the period herein provided was during that time a non-resident or absent from the state.5. If an action governed by this section is not commenced within the time herein provided it shall be conclusively presumed that the right of action for the relief for which that action might have been brought has been released.6. Nothing in this section shall be construed in any manner to limit any other statute or rule of law or equity by reason of which, at a date previous to the expiration of the period provided in this section, the restriction is or may be deemed extinguished or held unenforceable, or unenforceable by judgment compelling the removal or alteration of a structure.
N.Y. Real Prop. Acts. Law § 2001
N.Y. Real Prop. Acts. Law § 2111
Section 2111 - Laws repealed
The following sections of the real property law are hereby repealed:
Section three, as added by chapter three hundred seventy-four of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-two;
Section seventy-two;
Section one hundred ninety-a, as added by chapter sixteen of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-eight;
Sections one hundred seven, one hundred seven-a, one hundred seven-b, one hundred seven-c, one hundred seven-d, one hundred seven-e, one hundred seven-f, one hundred seven-g, one hundred seven-h, one hundred seven-i, one hundred seven-j, one hundred seven-k, one hundred seven-l, one hundred seven-m, and one hundred seven-n, as added by chapter one hundred forty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-seven;
Section one hundred seven-o, as added by chapter six hundred fifty of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-six;
Section one hundred sixteen, as last amended by chapter three hundred seventy-eight of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-five;
Section three hundred thirty-three-b, as amended by chapter three hundred thirty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-five and subdivision five having been amended by chapter one hundred forty-eight of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-eight;
Section three hundred forty, as amended by chapter three hundred thirty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Sections three hundred forty-one, three hundred forty-two, and three hundred forty-three;
Section three hundred forty-three-a, as added by chapter three hundred nine of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty;
Section three hundred forty-four, as amended by chapter eighty-five of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-eight;
Section three hundred forty-six and section three hundred forty-seven, as added by chapter eight hundred sixty-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-eight;
Section three hundred forty-eight, as added by chapter eight hundred sixty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-eight;
Section three hundred forty-nine, as added by chapter eight hundred sixty-three of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-eight;
Section three hundred sixty and section three hundred sixty-one, as amended by chapter nine hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-six;
Section three hundred sixty-two, as amended by chapter two hundred forty of the laws of nineteen hundred nine;
Sections three hundred sixty-three, three hundred sixty-four, three hundred sixty-five and three hundred sixty-six;
Section four hundred sixty, as added by chapter four hundred eighty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-four;
Sections four hundred sixty-one, four hundred sixty-two, four hundred sixty-three, four hundred sixty-four, four hundred sixty-five, four hundred sixty-six, four hundred sixty-seven, four hundred sixty-eight, four hundred sixty-nine, four hundred seventy, four hundred seventy-one, four hundred seventy-two, four hundred seventy-three, four hundred seventy-four, four hundred seventy-five, four hundred seventy-six, four hundred seventy-seven, four hundred seventy-eight, four hundred seventy-nine, four hundred eighty, four hundred eighty-one, four hundred eighty-two, four hundred eighty-three, four hundred eighty-four, four hundred eighty-five, four hundred eighty-six, four hundred eighty-seven, four hundred eighty-eight, four hundred eighty-nine, four hundred ninety and four hundred ninety-one, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred, as added by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three subdivision four having been added by chapter one hundred five of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-eight;
Section five hundred-a, as added by chapter six hundred ten of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-one;
Section five hundred-b, as added by chapter eight hundred ninety-four of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-six;
Section five hundred one, as added by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Sections five hundred two, five hundred three, and five hundred four, as so renumbered and last amended by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Section five hundred five, as added by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Section five hundred six, such section having been added by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three, subdivision three having been amended by chapter six hundred eighty of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-four and subdivision one having been amended by chapter five hundred fifty-six of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-four;
Sections five hundred six-a and five hundred six-b, as added by chapter six hundred ten of the laws of nineteen hundred fifty-one;
Section five hundred seven, as so renumbered and last amended by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three and section five hundred eight as amended by chapter five hundred sixty-five of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-five and so renumbered by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Section five hundred nine, as added by chapter five hundred sixty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-three;
Sections five hundred twenty, five hundred twenty-one, five hundred twenty-two, and five hundred twenty-three, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Sections five hundred twenty-four and five hundred twenty-five, as amended by chapter seven hundred ninety-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-five;
Section five hundred twenty-six, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred twenty-seven, as amended by chapter three hundred four of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-four;
Sections five hundred twenty-eight, five hundred twenty-nine, five hundred thirty, five hundred thirty-one and five hundred thirty-two, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred thirty-two-a, as added by chapter eight hundred sixty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred sixty-one;
Sections five hundred thirty-three, five hundred thirty-four, five hundred thirty-five, and five hundred thirty-six, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred thirty-seven, as added by chapter one hundred sixty-five of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-seven;
Section five hundred thirty-eight, as amended by chapter eight hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-seven;
Section five hundred thirty-nine, as added by chapter three hundred twenty-one of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-two;
Sections five hundred forty, five hundred forty-one, five hundred forty-two, five hundred forty-three, five hundred forty-four, five hundred forty-five, five hundred forty-six, five hundred forty-seven, five hundred forty-eight, five hundred forty-nine, five hundred fifty, five hundred fifty-one, five hundred fifty-two, and five hundred fifty-three, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred fifty-four, subdivision three having been amended by chapter five hundred twelve of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty-three;
Sections five hundred fifty-five, five hundred fifty-six, five hundred fifty-seven, five hundred fifty-eight and five hundred fifty-nine, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred sixty, as amended by chapter eight hundred forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred forty-seven;
Sections five hundred sixty-one, five hundred sixty-two and five hundred sixty-three, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Sections five hundred seventy, five hundred seventy-one, five hundred seventy-two, five hundred seventy-three, five hundred seventy-four, five hundred seventy-five, five hundred seventy-six, five hundred seventy-seven, five hundred seventy-eight, five hundred seventy-nine, five hundred eighty, five hundred eighty-one, five hundred eighty-two, five hundred eighty-three, five hundred eighty-four, five hundred eighty-five, five hundred eighty-six, and five hundred eighty-seven, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty;
Section five hundred ninety, as amended by chapter five hundred ninety-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred thirty-five;
Sections five hundred ninety-one, five hundred ninety-two and five hundred ninety-three, as added by chapter nine hundred thirty of the laws of nineteen hundred twenty.
(b) a consolidated assessing unit; or
(c) a village as provided in section  fourteen  hundred two  of  this chapter.
Assessment  means  a  determination made by assessors of (1) the valuation of real property,  including  the  valuation  of  exempt  real property  and (2) whether or not real property is subject to taxation or special ad valorem levies.Assessors mean  an  elected  or  appointed  officer  or  body  of officers  charged  by law with the duty of assessing real property in an assessing unit for the  purposes  of  taxation  or  special  ad  valorem levies,  for  county,  city,  town,  village, school district or special district purposes. Board  of  assessment  review  means  the  body  of  officers constituted  by  subdivision one of section five hundred twenty-three of this chapter and, in the case of villages, by subdivision one of section fourteen hundred eight of this chapter which is empowered  to  hear  and determine complaints in relation to assessments.
Chief  executive  officer means (a) in the case of cities, the mayor, except in cities having a city manager in  which  case  it  shall mean the city manager, (b) in the case of villages, the mayor and (c) in the case of towns, the supervisor.
Collecting  officer means an elected or appointed officer of any municipal corporation or special district authorized by law  to  receive and collect taxes, special ad valorem levies or special assessments.
Commissioner means the commissioner of taxation and finance.
Comptroller means the state comptroller.
Consolidated assessing unit means an assessing unit established pursuant to article sixteen of this chapter.
County  equalization  agency  means  the  board  of supervisors, commissioners of equalization or other county agency authorized by  this chapter or any other law to establish county equalization rates.
County  equalization  rate means the percentage of full value at which taxable real property in a city or town is assessed as  determined by a county equalization agency for purposes of apportioning county real property taxes.
County  treasurer  means  the  chief  fiscal officer of a county charged by law with performing the duties of treasurer, by whatever name known or called.
Infant or minor means a person who has not attained  the age of eighteen years.
Department means the department of taxation and finance.
Municipal  corporation  means  a county, city, town, village or school district.