To authorize research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities for advanced energy technologies.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Advanced Energy Initiative Act of 
2006''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

    For the purposes of this Act--
            (1) the term ``biomass'' has the meaning given that term in 
        section 932(a)(1) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 
        16232(a)(1));
            (2) the term ``cellulosic feedstock'' has the meaning given 
        the term ``lignocellulosic feedstock'' in section 932(a)(2) of 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16232(a)(2));
            (3) the term ``engineering-scale'' means the minimum size 
        required to predict with confidence all physical processes 
        controlling the performance of a full-scale industrial 
        facility;
            (4) the term ``National Laboratory'' has the meaning given 
        the term ``nonmilitary energy laboratory'' in section 903(3) of 
        the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16182(3));
            (5) the term ``plug-in hybrid motor vehicle'' means a motor 
        vehicle that--
                    (A) can operate on either liquid combustible fuel 
                or electric power provided by a rechargeable battery 
                that can be recharged using offboard sources of 
                electric power;
                    (B) utilizes regenerative power capture technology 
                to recover energy expended in braking the vehicle for 
                use in recharging the battery; and
                    (C) can operate solely on electric power for a 
                minimum of 20 miles under city driving conditions; and
            (6) the term ``Secretary''means the Secretary of Energy.

SEC. 3. FUTUREGEN.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a project to 
demonstrate the feasibility of the commercial application of advanced 
clean coal energy technology, including carbon capture and geological 
sequestration, for electricity generation.
    (b) Requirements.--The Secretary shall design the project to ensure 
that--
            (1) the project is operating by 2012;
            (2) the project shall be able--
                    (A) to achieve at least a 99 percent reduction in 
                sulfur dioxide emissions;
                    (B) to emit no more than 0.05 pounds of nitrogen 
                oxide emissions per million British thermal units of 
                energy produced by the project;
                    (C) to achieve at least a 90 percent reduction in 
                mercury emissions;
                    (D) to emit no more than 0.005 of total particulate 
                emissions in the flue gas per million British thermal 
                units of energy produced by the project; and
                    (E) to achieve at least a 90 percent reduction in 
                carbon dioxide emissions; and
            (3) the project demonstrates the feasibility of electricity 
        generation from coal using advanced clean coal technology with 
        carbon capture and geological sequestration at a cost not 
        greater than 10 percent higher than the average of all 
        commercial integrated coal gasification and combined cycle 
        electric generating plants operating in the United States as of 
        the date of enactment of this Act.
    (c) Commercially Available Advanced Clean Coal Technology.--To 
reduce technical risk and focus development efforts on system 
integration, the Secretary shall, to the extent practicable, ensure 
that the project utilizes available advanced clean coal technology, 
such as coal gasifier technology, for those components of the project 
where such technology would be appropriate.
    (d) Authorization of Appropriations.--From amounts authorized to be 
appropriated by section 401(a) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 15961(a)), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $54,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
            (3) $113,000,000 for fiscal year 2009;
            (4) $81,000,000 for fiscal year 2010;
            (5) $62,000,000 for fiscal year 2011; and
            (6) $57,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.

SEC. 4. ADVANCED FUEL CYCLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR NUCLEAR POWER.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
advanced nuclear fuel cycle technologies for generating electricity and 
industrial process heat from nuclear power, including technologies for 
spent fuel recycling, waste minimization, and reduction of 
radioactivity of final waste products.
    (b) Objectives.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to develop technologies that would--
            (1) minimize the volume and heat load of high-level nuclear 
        waste destined for storage in a geological repository to the 
        extent that a single repository would be sufficient for storing 
        all nuclear waste generated by United States commercial nuclear 
        power plants during this century;
            (2) increase the proliferation resistance of commercial 
        nuclear power reactors and their associated fuel systems and 
        infrastructure; and
            (3) increase the amount of useful energy that can be 
        extracted from nuclear fuel.
    (c) Systems Analysis.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop a 
        comprehensive modeling and simulation capability to enable a 
        thorough analysis of possible advanced nuclear fuel cycle 
        systems. The modeling and simulation capability shall be 
        capable of examining--
                    (A) all of the components of each advanced nuclear 
                fuel cycle system analyzed, including--
                            (i) spent fuel separations technologies;
                            (ii) advanced burner reactor technologies;
                            (iii) fuel fabrication technologies;
                            (iv) advanced thermal reactor technologies, 
                        including advanced thermal reactor designs that 
                        would be capable of reducing the toxicity or 
                        radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel components; 
                        and
                            (v) waste disposal technologies;
                    (B) the manner in which possible technology and 
                engineering choices for individual components might 
                affect the overall system, and how various system 
                components would interact with one another; and
                    (C) quantitative mass flows of nuclear fuel and 
                spent nuclear fuel, including projected inventories and 
                transportation requirements for nuclear fuel and spent 
                nuclear fuel, for any examined system.
            (2) Advanced nuclear fuel cycle system plan.--
                    (A) Analysis.--The Secretary shall conduct a 
                thorough analysis of more than one possible 
                configuration of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle system 
                using the analytical capability developed under 
                paragraph (1). Each possible advanced nuclear fuel 
                cycle system configuration examined shall include both 
                advanced burner reactors and advanced thermal reactors, 
                and the analysis shall consider the degree to which 
                each type of reactor can be utilized to reduce the 
                toxicity or radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel 
                components. The analysis of each possible configuration 
                of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle system examined shall 
                examine the compatibility of fuel cycle system 
                components, including each of the system component 
                technologies described in paragraph (1)(A), and the 
                degree to which the examined system would meet the 
                objectives described in subsection (b).
                    (B) Plan.--Using the results of the analyses 
                developed under subparagraph (A), and not later than 
                June 30, 2007, the Secretary shall develop a detailed 
                plan for research, development, demonstration, and 
                commercial application on advanced nuclear fuel cycle 
                system technologies, including proposed technology 
                options for each of the system component technologies 
                described in paragraph (1)(A) and any proposed 
                engineering-scale demonstrations of such system 
                component technologies. The plan shall include an 
                estimate of the design, engineering, construction and 
                lifetime operating costs of any proposed engineering-
                scale demonstration. In developing the plan, the 
                Secretary shall consider the integration into an 
                advanced nuclear fuel cycle system of advanced thermal 
                reactors capable of reducing the toxicity or 
                radioactivity of spent nuclear fuel components.
                    (C) Consultation.--In developing the plan under 
                subparagraph (B), the Secretary shall consult with--
                            (i) technical experts from United States 
                        and foreign companies that design or engineer 
                        nuclear power plants or nuclear fuel 
                        reprocessing facilities;
                            (ii) technical experts from United States 
                        electric utilities that operate nuclear power 
                        plants;
                            (iii) economists with expertise in nuclear 
                        power and electricity markets;
                            (iv) the Nuclear Energy Research Advisory 
                        Committee;
                            (v) the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory 
                        Commission; and
                            (vi) the Administrator of the Environmental 
                        Protection Agency.
            (3) National academy of sciences review.--The Secretary 
        shall enter into an arrangement with the National Academy of 
        Sciences to conduct a review of the plan developed under 
        paragraph (2)(B), including by reviewing the validity of the 
        underlying analyses required in paragraph (2)(A).
    (d) Report.--Not later than June 30, 2008, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a report that includes the research, development, 
demonstration, and commercial application plan developed under 
subsection (c)(2)(B), the report from the National Academy of Sciences 
on the review conducted under subsection (c)(3), and the Secretary's 
response to the findings and conclusions contained in the National 
Academy of Sciences report.
    (e) Prohibition.--The Secretary shall not initiate detailed design 
or construction of any demonstration facility that is capable of 
processing 500 kilograms or more per year of nuclear fuel or spent 
nuclear fuel and that is designed to demonstrate the advanced nuclear 
fuel system component technologies described in subsection 
(c)(1)(A)(ii) and (iii) until 90 days after the report under subsection 
(d) has been transmitted to Congress.
    (f) Authorization of Appropriations.--
            (1) Allocations.--From amounts authorized to be 
        appropriated under section 951(d)(1) of the Energy Policy Act 
        of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 16271(d)(1)), there are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section such 
        sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2007 through 
        2009.
            (2) Additional amounts.--There are authorized to be 
        appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section such 
        sums as may be necessary for each of fiscal years 2010 through 
        2012.

SEC. 5. ADVANCED BATTERY TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
advanced battery technologies for use in motor vehicles, particularly 
for plug-in hybrid motor vehicles.
    (b) Objective.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to develop technologies that would enable a light-duty, plug-in 
hybrid motor vehicle to travel up to 40 miles on battery power alone.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $31,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $34,100,000 for fiscal year 2008;
            (3) $37,500,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
            (4) $41,250,000 for fiscal year 2010.

SEC. 6. ADVANCED BIOFUEL TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
production of liquid fuels from biomass.
    (b) Objectives.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to--
            (1) develop technologies that would make ethanol produced 
        from cellulosic feedstocks cost competitive with ethanol 
        produced from corn by 2012;
            (2) conduct research and development on how to apply 
        advanced genetic engineering and bioengineering techniques to 
        increase the efficiency and lower the cost of industrial-scale 
        production of liquid fuels from cellulosic feedstocks; and
            (3) conduct research and development on the production of 
        hydrocarbons other than ethanol from biomass.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--From amounts authorized to be 
appropriated under section 931(c) of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 
U.S.C. 16231(c)), there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $160,000,000 for fiscal year 2008; and
            (3) $175,000,000 for fiscal year 2009.

SEC. 7. ADVANCED HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
technologies to enable practical onboard storage of hydrogen for use as 
a fuel for light-duty motor vehicles.
    (b) Objective.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to develop practical hydrogen storage technologies that would 
enable a hydrogen-fueled light-duty motor vehicle to travel 300 miles 
before refueling.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--In addition to amounts 
otherwise authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $46,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $50,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
            (3) $55,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
            (4) $60,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.

SEC. 8. ADVANCED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
advanced solar photovoltaic technologies.
    (b) Objectives.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to develop technologies that would--
            (1) make electricity generated by solar photovoltaic power 
        cost-competitive by 2015; and
            (2) enable the widespread use of solar photovoltaic power.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $148,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $155,000,000 for fiscal year 2008;
            (3) $165,000,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
            (4) $180,000,000 for fiscal year 2010.

SEC. 9. ADVANCED WIND ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES.

    (a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a program of 
research, development, demonstration, and commercial application for 
advanced wind energy technologies.
    (b) Objectives.--The Secretary shall design the program under this 
section to--
            (1) improve the efficiency and lower the cost of wind 
        turbines;
            (2) minimize adverse environmental impacts; and
            (3) develop new small-scale wind energy technologies for 
        use in low wind speed environments.
    (c) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section--
            (1) $44,000,000 for fiscal year 2007;
            (2) $48,400,000 for fiscal year 2008;
            (3) $53,240,000 for fiscal year 2009; and
            (4) $58,564,000 for fiscal year 2010.

Summary: Advanced Energy Initiative Act of 2006 - Instructs the Secretary of Energy to: (1) implement a project to demonstrate the commercial feasibility of advanced clean coal energy technology, including carbon capture and geological sequestration, for electricity generation (FutureGen); and (2) ensure, to the extent practicable, that the project utilizes available advanced clean coal technology, such as coal gasifier technology.

Directs the Secretary to implement research and development programs for advanced nuclear fuel cycle technologies for generating electricity and industrial process heat from nuclear power, including spent fuel recycling, waste minimization, and reduction of radioactivity of final waste products.

Directs the Secretary to develop a comprehensive modeling and simulation capability to enable a thorough analysis of possible advanced nuclear fuel cycle systems, as well as of more than one possible configuration of an advanced nuclear fuel cycle system using the analytical capability so developed.

Requires the Secretary to develop and report to Congress a detailed advanced nuclear fuel cycle system technology plan. Prohibits the Secretary, until 90 days after delivery of such report, from initiating detailed design or construction of any demonstration facility: (1) capable of processing 500 kilograms or more per year of nuclear fuel or spent nuclear fuel; and (2) designed to demonstrate certain advanced nuclear fuel system component technologies.

Instructs the Secretary to implement research and development programs for advanced: (1) battery technologies to use in motor vehicles, particularly plug-in hybrids; (2) biofuel technologies; (3) hydrogen storage technologies; (4) solar photovoltaic technologies; and (5) wind energy technologies.