To amend title 23, United States Code, relating to improving safety and enforcement with respect to individuals operating motor vehicles while under the influence of, or having used, drugs.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Drug Impaired Driving Enforcement 
Act of 2004''.

SEC. 2. FINDINGS.

    Congress finds that--
            (1) driving under the influence of, or after having used, 
        illegal drugs has become a significant problem worldwide;
            (2) in 2002, over 35,000,000 persons in the United States 
        aged 12 or older had used illegal drugs in the past year and 
        almost 11,000,000 of these persons (5 percent of the total 
        population of the United States aged 12 or older and 31 percent 
        of past year illicit drug users) had driven under the influence 
        of, or after having used, illegal drugs in the past year;
            (3) research has established that abuse of a number of 
        drugs can impair driving performance;
            (4) according to the National Highway Traffic Safety 
        Administration, illegal drugs (often in combination with 
        alcohol) are used by approximately 10 to 22 percent of drivers 
        involved in all motor vehicles crashes;
            (5) drug impaired drivers are less frequently detected, 
        prosecuted, or referred to treatment than drunk drivers;
            (6) there is a lack of uniformity or consistency in the way 
        the 50 States approach drug impaired drivers;
            (7) too few police officers have been trained to detect 
        drug impaired drivers, and too few prosecutors have been 
        trained to prove drug impaired driving cases beyond a 
        reasonable doubt;
            (8) per se drug impaired driving laws, like those used for 
        driving under the influence of alcohol, are feasible and 
        represent a sound strategy for dealing with drug impaired 
        drivers and can assist in the prosecution of drug impaired 
        driving offenders; and
            (9) while it is illegal in all States to drive a motor 
        vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, drugs other than 
        alcohol, or a combination of alcohol and other drugs, there is 
        no consistent method across States for identifying drug 
        impairment and the presence of drugs in the body.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

    The purposes of this Act are--
            (1) to provide a model for States to implement and enforce 
        a drug impaired driving statute;
            (2) to ensure drivers in need of drug education or 
        treatment are identified and provided with the appropriate 
        assistance;
            (3) to advance research and development of testing 
        mechanisms and knowledge about drugged driving and its impact 
        on traffic safety; and
            (4) to enhance the training of traffic safety officers and 
        prosecutors to detect, enforce, and prosecute drug impaired 
        driving laws.

SEC. 4. DEFINITIONS.

    In this Act, the following definitions apply:
            (1) Controlled substance.--The term ``controlled 
        substance'' includes substances listed in schedules I through V 
        of section 112(e) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
        812(e)).
            (2) License.--The term ``license'' means any driver's 
        license or any other license or permit to operate a motor 
        vehicle issued under the laws of, or granted by, a State, 
        including--
                    (A) any temporary license or instruction permit;
                    (B) the privilege of any person to drive a motor 
                vehicle whether or not the person holds a valid 
                license; and
                    (C) any nonresident's operating privilege.
            (3) Revocation.--The term ``revocation'' means the 
        termination by formal action of the State of a person's license 
        or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the highways.
            (4) State.--The term ``State'' means a State, the District 
        of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the 
        territories and possessions of the United States.
            (5) Suspension.--The term ``suspension'' means the 
        temporary withdrawal by formal action of the State of a 
        person's license or privilege to operate a motor vehicle on the 
        highways.
            (6) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Transportation.
            (7) Inhalant.--The term ``inhalant'' means a household or 
        commercial product that can be used by inhaling for 
        intoxicating effect.
            (8) Drug recognition expert.--The term ``drug recognition 
        expert'' means an individual trained in a specific evaluation 
        procedure that enables the person to determine whether an 
        individual is under the influence of drugs and then to 
        determine the type of drug causing the observable impairment.

SEC. 5. MODEL STATUTE.

    (a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall develop and provide to the 
States a model statute relating to drug impaired driving which 
incorporates the provisions described in this section.
    (b) Mandatory Provisions.--Provisions of the model statute under 
this section shall include, at a minimum, a provision that the crime of 
drug impaired driving is committed when a person operates a motor 
vehicle--
            (1) while any detectable amount of a controlled substance 
        is present in the person's body, as measured in the person's 
        blood, urine, saliva, or other bodily substance; or
            (2) due to the presence of a controlled substance or a 
        controlled substance in combination with alcohol or an 
        inhalant, or both, in the person's body, the person's mental or 
        physical faculties are affected to a noticeable or perceptible 
        degree.
    (c) Discretionary Provisions.--Provisions of the model statute 
under this section may include the following:
            (1) Sanctions for refusing to submit to a test for the 
        presence of a controlled substance in a person's body which are 
        equivalent to sanctions for a positive test result.
            (2) Lawful use of any controlled substance listed in 
        schedule II, III, IV, or V of section 112(c) of the Controlled 
        Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 812(c)) that was lawfully prescribed 
        by a physician licensed under State law is an affirmative 
        defense to a charge of drug impaired driving; except that the 
        affirmative defense shall not be available if it is shown that 
        the person's mental or physical faculties were impaired by such 
        use to a noticeable or perceptible degree.
            (3) An appropriate system of evaluation, counseling, 
        treatment (if required), and supervision for persons convicted 
        of drug impaired driving.
            (4) A graduated system of penalties for repeat offenses of 
        drug impaired driving, including, at a minimum, that a third or 
        subsequent offense within a 10-year period shall be a felony 
        punishable by imprisonment for more than a year.
            (5) Authorization for States to suspend or revoke the 
        license of any driver upon receiving a record of the driver's 
        conviction of driving a motor vehicle while under the influence 
        of a controlled substance.
            (6) Provisions that require a sentence of imprisonment 
        imposed for any drug impaired driving offense be served 
        consecutively, not concurrently, from a sentence imposed for 
        any other criminal act; except that a sentence imposed for the 
        same act of impaired driving may be imposed concurrently if the 
        additional conviction was based on an alternate theory of 
        culpability for the same act.

SEC. 6. USE OF GRANTS TO ENFORCE DRUG IMPAIRED DRIVING LAWS.

    (a) General Authority.--Section 410(a)(1) of title 23, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting ``and individuals driving while 
under the influence of a controlled substance (as defined in section 4 
of the Drug Impaired Driving Enforcement Act of 2004)'' before the 
period at the end of the first sentence.
    (b) Maintenance of Effort.--Section 410(a)(2) of such title is 
amended by inserting ``and drug impaired driving traffic safety 
programs'' before ``at or above''.
    (c) Basic Grant.--Section 410(b)(1) of such title is amended by 
inserting after subparagraph (G) the following:
                    ``(H) Controlled substance programs.--The State 
                provides for at least one of the following programs:
                            ``(i) Detection of controlled substances.--
                        A program to detect the unlawful presence of a 
                        controlled substance (as defined in section 4 
                        of the Drug Impaired Driving Enforcement Act of 
                        2004) in the body of the operator of a motor 
                        vehicle or on the person of any occupant of the 
                        vehicle, including the operator.
                            ``(ii) Model statute.--A program that 
                        adopts and enforces on a statewide basis, at a 
                        minimum, the mandatory provisions of the model 
                        drug impaired driving statute developed by the 
                        Secretary under section 5 of the Drug Impaired 
                        Driving Enforcement Act of 2004.
                            ``(iii) Counseling and treatment.--A 
                        program to ensure that individuals who are 
                        convicted of drug impaired driving are provided 
                        counseling and treatment as necessary.
                            ``(iv) Training.--A program to train law 
                        enforcement officers and prosecutors in the 
                        detection, investigation, and prosecution of 
                        drug impaired driving, including training 
                        provided by the National Highway Traffic Safety 
                        Administration, the International Association 
                        of the Chiefs of Police, or the American 
                        Prosecutors Research Institute in drug 
                        recognition expert techniques.
                            ``(v) Education and research.--A program to 
                        advance research in the area of drug impaired 
                        driving and enhance communication of 
                        advancements in research, technology, and 
                        policy to key policymakers, prosecutors, law 
                        enforcement and judges.''.

SEC. 7. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT.

    Section 403(b) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
            ``(5) New technology to detect drug use.
            ``(6) Research and development to improve testing 
        technology, including toxicology lab resources and field test 
        mechanisms to enable States to process toxicology evidence in a 
        more timely manner.
            ``(7) Determining per se impairment levels for controlled 
        substances (as defined in section 4 of the Drug Impaired 
        Driving Enforcement Act of 2004) and the compound effects of 
        alcohol and controlled substances on impairment to facilitate 
        enforcement of per se drug impaired driving laws. Research 
        under this paragraph shall be carried out in collaboration with 
        the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes 
        of Health.''.

SEC. 8. GOALS FOR TRAINING.

    Section 403 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding 
at the end the following:
    ``(g) Training Goals.--For the purpose of enhancing the States' 
ability to detect, enforce, and prosecute drug impaired driving laws, 
the Secretary shall--
            ``(8) establish and carry out programs to enhance police 
        and prosecutor training efforts for enforcement of laws 
        relating to drug impaired driving and for development of 
        programs to improve enforcement of such laws;
            ``(9) ensure that drug impaired driving enforcement 
        training or drug recognition expert programs, or both, exist in 
        all 50 States and the District of Columbia by December 31, 
        2006;
            ``(10) ensure that at least 10 percent of State and local 
        police officers whose duties, entirely or partly, include 
        traffic monitoring or enforcement are trained to enforce drug 
        impaired driving laws and utilize new technologies or any 
        recognition training by December 31, 2010; and
            ``(11) ensure that at least 10 percent of State prosecutors 
        are trained to prosecute drug impaired driving laws by December 
        31, 2010.''.

SEC. 9. REPORTING.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, the Secretary shall 
transmit to Congress a report on the progress being made in carrying 
out this Act, including the amendments made by this Act.
    (b) Contents.--The Secretary shall include in the report an 
assessment of the status of uniform drugged driving laws in the United 
States, new research and technologies in the area of drug impaired 
driving enforcement.

SEC. 10. FUNDING.

    Out of amounts appropriated to carry out section 403 of title 23, 
United States Code, for fiscal years 2004 through 2009, the Secretary 
shall use, at a minimum, $2,000,000 per fiscal year to carry out drug 
impaired driving traffic safety programs, including the provisions of 
this Act and the amendments made by this Act.

Summary: Drug Impaired Driving Enforcement Act of 2004 - Directs the Secretary of Transportation to develop and provide to the States a model statute relating to drug impaired driving which incorporates certain mandatory and discretionary provisions, including, at a minimum, a provision that the crime of drug impaired driving is committed when a person operates a motor vehicle: (1) while any detectable amount of a controlled substance is present in the person's body; or (2) due to the presence of a controlled substance or a controlled substance in combination with alcohol or an inhalant, or both, the person's mental or physical faculties are affected to a noticeable degree.

Specifies discretionary provisions, including: (1) sanctions for refusing to submit to a drug test which are equivalent to sanctions for a positive test result; (2) a system of evaluation, counseling, treatment, and supervision for persons convicted of drug impaired driving; (3) a graduated system of penalties for repeat offenses; and (4) authorization for States to suspend or revoke the license of a driver convicted of driving while under the influence of a controlled substance.

Amends Federal highway law to make grants available to States that adopt and implement effective programs to reduce traffic safety problems resulting from individuals driving while under the influence of a controlled substance. Makes basic grants available to States that provide for at least one of five enumerated programs aimed at enforcing laws against drug impaired driving.

Authorizes the Secretary to use certain funds for research and development in drug detection and testing technology.

Specifies certain training goals to enhance the State's ability to detect, enforce, and prosecute drug impaired driving laws.