Veteran Overmedication Prevention Act of 2016

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Veteran Overmedication Prevention 
Act of 2016''.

SEC. 2. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS INDEPENDENT REVIEW OF CERTAIN 
              DEATHS OF VETERANS BY SUICIDE.

    (a) Review Required.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
        the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 
        shall seek to enter into an agreement with the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine under which 
        the National Academies shall conduct a review of the deaths of 
        all covered veterans who died by suicide during the five-year 
        period ending on the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Alternate organization.--
                    (A) In general.--If the Secretary is unable to 
                enter into an agreement described in paragraph (1) with 
                the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                Medicine on terms acceptable to the Secretary, the 
                Secretary shall seek to enter into such an agreement 
                with another appropriate organization that--
                            (i) is not part of the Federal Government;
                            (ii) operates as a not-for-profit entity; 
                        and
                            (iii) has expertise and objectivity 
                        comparable to that of the National Academies of 
                        Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
                    (B) Treatment.--If the Secretary enters into an 
                agreement with another organization as described in 
                paragraph (1), any reference in this section to the 
                National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                Medicine shall be treated as a reference to the other 
                organization.
            (3) Elements.--The review required by paragraph (1) shall 
        include the following:
                    (A) The total number of covered veterans who died 
                by suicide during the five-year period ending on the 
                date of the enactment of this Act.
                    (B) The total number of covered veterans who died 
                by a violent death during such five-year period.
                    (C) The total number of covered veterans who died 
                by an accidental death during such five-year period.
                    (D) A description of each covered veteran described 
                in subparagraphs (A) through (C), including age, 
                gender, race, and ethnicity.
                    (E) A comprehensive list of prescribed medications 
                and legal or illegal substances as annotated on 
                toxicology reports of covered veterans described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C), specifically listing any 
                medications that carried a black box warning, were 
                prescribed for off-label use, were psychotropic, or 
                carried warnings that included suicidal ideation.
                    (F) A summary of medical diagnoses by physicians of 
                the Department of Veterans Affairs or physicians 
                providing services to covered veterans through programs 
                of the Department that led to the prescribing of 
                medications referred to in subparagraph (E) in cases of 
                post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, 
                military sexual trauma, and other anxiety and 
                depressive disorders.
                    (G) The number of instances in which a covered 
                veteran described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C) was 
                concurrently on multiple medications prescribed by 
                physicians of the Department or physicians providing 
                services to veterans through programs of the Department 
                to treat post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic 
                brain injury, military sexual trauma, other anxiety and 
                depressive disorders, or instances of comorbidity.
                    (H) The number of covered veterans described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C) who were not taking any 
                medication prescribed by a physician of the Department 
                or a physician providing services to veterans through a 
                program of the Department.
                    (I) With respect to the treatment of post-traumatic 
                stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, military 
                sexual trauma, or other anxiety and depressive 
                disorders, the percentage of covered veterans described 
                in subparagraphs (A) through (C) who received a non-
                medication first-line treatment compared to the 
                percentage of such veterans who received medication 
                only.
                    (J) With respect to the treatment of covered 
                veterans described in subparagraphs (A) through (C) for 
                post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, 
                military sexual trauma, or other anxiety and depressive 
                disorders, the number of instances in which a non-
                medication first-line treatment (such as cognitive 
                behavioral therapy) was attempted and determined to be 
                ineffective for such a veteran, which subsequently led 
                to the prescribing of a medication referred to in 
                subparagraph (E).
                    (K) A description and example of how the Department 
                determines and continually updates the clinical 
                practice guidelines governing the prescribing of 
                medications.
                    (L) A description of the efforts of the Department 
                to maintain appropriate staffing levels for mental 
                health professionals, such as mental health counselors, 
                marriage and family therapists, and other appropriate 
                counselors, including--
                            (i) a description of any impediments to 
                        carry out the education, training, and hiring 
                        of mental health counselors and marriage and 
                        family therapists under section 7302(a) of 
                        title 38, United States Code;
                            (ii) with respect to mental health 
                        counselors, marriage and family therapists, and 
                        other appropriate counselors, an identification 
                        of resolutions for--
                                    (I) any standardized credentialing 
                                discrepancies; and
                                    (II) any impediments to the 
                                development of an internship training 
                                program;
                            (iii) an assessment of the development by 
                        the Department of hiring guidelines for mental 
                        health counselors, marriage and family 
                        therapists, and other appropriate counselors; 
                        and
                            (iv) a description of how the Department--
                                    (I) identifies gaps in the supply 
                                of mental health professionals; and
                                    (II) determines successful staffing 
                                ratios for mental health professionals 
                                of the Department.
                    (M) The percentage of covered veterans described in 
                subparagraphs (A) through (C) with combat experience or 
                trauma related to combat experience (including military 
                sexual trauma, traumatic brain injury, and post-
                traumatic stress).
                    (N) An identification of the medical facilities of 
                the Department with markedly high prescription rates 
                and suicide rates for veterans receiving treatment at 
                those facilities.
                    (O) An analysis, by State, of programs of the 
                Department that collaborate with State Medicaid 
                agencies and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid 
                Services, including the following:
                            (i) An analysis of the sharing of 
                        prescription and behavioral health data for 
                        veterans.
                            (ii) An analysis of whether Department 
                        staff check with State prescription drug 
                        monitoring programs before prescribing 
                        medications to veterans.
                            (iii) A description of the procedures of 
                        the Department for coordinating with 
                        prescribers outside of the Department to ensure 
                        that veterans are not overprescribed.
                            (iv) A description of actions that the 
                        Department takes when a veteran is determined 
                        to be overprescribed.
                    (P) An analysis of the collaboration of medical 
                centers of the Department with medical examiners' 
                offices or local jurisdictions to determine veteran 
                mortality and cause of death.
                    (Q) An identification and determination of a best 
                practice model to collect and share veteran death 
                certificate data between the Department of Veterans 
                Affairs, the Department of Defense, States, and tribal 
                entities.
                    (R) An assessment of any patterns apparent to the 
                National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                Medicine based on the review conducted under paragraph 
                (1).
                    (S) Such recommendations for further action that 
                would improve the safety and well-being of veterans as 
                the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and 
                Medicine determine appropriate.
            (4) Compilation of data.--
                    (A) Form of compilation.--The Secretary of Veterans 
                Affairs shall ensure that data compiled under paragraph 
                (3) is compiled in a manner that allows it to be 
                analyzed across all data fields for purposes of 
                informing and updating clinical practice guidelines of 
                the Department of Veterans Affairs.
                    (B) Compilation of data regarding covered 
                veterans.--In compiling data under paragraph (3) 
                regarding covered veterans described in subparagraphs 
                (A) through (C) of such paragraph, data regarding 
                veterans described in each such subparagraph shall be 
                compiled separately.
            (5) Completion of review and report.--The agreement entered 
        into under paragraph (1) shall require that the National 
        Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine complete the 
        review under such paragraph and submit to the Secretary of 
        Veterans Affairs a report containing the results of the review 
        not later than 180 days after entering into the agreement.
    (b) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the completion by the 
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine of the review 
required under subsection (a), the Secretary of Veterans Affairs 
shall--
            (1) submit to Congress a report on the results of the 
        review; and
            (2) make such report publicly available.
    (c) Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) The term ``black box warning'' means a warning 
        displayed on the label of a prescription drug that is designed 
        to call attention to the serious or life-threatening risk of 
        the prescription drug.
            (2) The term ``covered veteran'' means a veteran who 
        received hospital care or medical services furnished by the 
        Department of Veterans Affairs during the five-year period 
        preceding the death of the veteran.
            (3) The term ``first-line treatment'' means a potential 
        intervention that has been evaluated and assigned a high score 
        within clinical practice guidelines.
            (4) The term ``State'' means each of the several States, 
        territories, and possessions of the United States, the District 
        of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.

Summary: Veteran Overmedication Prevention Act of 2016 This bill requires the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) to contract with the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (or another private, not-for-profit entity with comparable expertise) to review the deaths of all covered veterans who died by suicide during the last five years. The review shall include:  the total numbers of veterans who died by a violent death or by an accidental death during such period;  each veteran's age, gender, race, and ethnicity; a list of medications and substances prescribed to such veterans, as annotated on toxicology reports; a summary of medical diagnoses by VA physicians that led to such prescriptions in cases of anxiety and depressive disorders; the number of instances in which such a veteran was concurrently on multiple medications prescribed by VA physicians; the number of such veterans who were not taking any VA-prescribed medication;  the percentage of such veterans treated for anxiety or depressive disorders who received a non-medication first-line treatment compared to the percentage who received medication only;  the number of instances in which a non-medication first-line treatment was attempted and deemed ineffective which led to prescribing medication; descriptions of how the VA determines and updates clinical practice guidelines for prescribing medications and of VA efforts to maintain appropriate staffing levels for mental health professionals; the percentage of such veterans with combat experience or related trauma;  identification of VA medical facilities with markedly high prescription rates and suicide rates for treated veterans;  an analysis of VA programs that collaborate with state Medicaid agencies and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services;  an analysis of VA medical center collaboration with medical examiners' offices or local jurisdictions to determine veteran mortality and cause of death; identification of a best practice model to collect and share veteran death certificate data; an assessment of any apparent patterns based on the review; and recommendations to improve the safety and well-being of veterans.   The VA shall ensure that such data is compiled in a manner that allows it to be analyzed across all data fields for purposes of informing and updating VA clinical practice guidelines. A &quot;covered veteran&quot; means any veteran who received VA hospital care or medical services during the five-year period preceding the veteran's death.