A bill to amend the Federal antitrust laws to provide expanded coverage and to eliminate exemptions from such laws that are contrary to the public interest with respect to railroads.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Railroad Antitrust Enforcement Act 
of 2006''.

SEC. 2. INJUNCTIONS AGAINST RAILROAD COMMON CARRIERS.

    The proviso in section 16 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 26) ending 
with ``Code.'' is amended to read as follows: ``Provided, That nothing 
herein contained shall be construed to entitle any person, firm, 
corporation, or association, except the United States, to bring suit 
for injunctive relief against any common carrier that is not a railroad 
subject to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board under 
subtitle IV of title 49, United States Code.''.

SEC. 3. MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS OF RAILROADS.

    The sixth undesignated paragraph of section 7 of the Clayton Act 
(15 U.S.C. 18) is amended to read as follows:
    ``Nothing contained in this section shall apply to transactions 
duly consummated pursuant to authority given by the Secretary of 
Transportation, Federal Power Commission, Surface Transportation Board 
(except for agreements described in section 10706 of title 49, United 
States Code, and transactions described in section 11321 of that 
title), the Securities and Exchange Commission in the exercise of its 
jurisdiction under section 10 (of the Public Utility Holding Company 
Act of 1935), the United States Maritime Commission, or the Secretary 
of Agriculture under any statutory provision vesting such power in the 
Commission, Board, or Secretary.''.

SEC. 4. LIMITATION OF PRIMARY JURISDICTION.

    The Clayton Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the 
following:
    ``Sec. 29.  In any civil action against a common carrier railroad 
under section 4, 4C, 15, or 16 of this Act, the district court shall 
not be required to defer to the primary jurisdiction of the Surface 
Transportation Board.''.

SEC. 5. FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Clayton Act.--Section 11(a) of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 
21(a)) is amended by striking ``subject to jurisdiction'' and all that 
follows through the first semicolon and inserting ``subject to 
jurisdiction under subtitle IV of title 49, United States Code (except 
for agreements described in section 10706 of that title and 
transactions described in section 11321 of that title);''.
    (b) FTC Act.--Section 5(a)(2) of the Federal Trade Commission Act 
(15 U.S.C. 44(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``common carriers subject'' 
and inserting ``common carriers, except for railroads, subject''.

SEC. 6. EXPANSION OF TREBLE DAMAGES TO RAIL COMMON CARRIERS.

    Section 4 of the Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 15) is amended by--
            (1) redesignating subsections (b) and (c) as subsections 
        (c) and (d), respectively; and
            (2) inserting after subsection (a) the following:
    ``(b) Subsection (a) shall apply to common carriers by rail subject 
to the jurisdiction of the Surface Transportation Board under subtitle 
IV of title 49, United States Code, without regard to whether such 
railroads have filed rates or whether a complaint challenging a rate 
has been filed.''.

SEC. 7. TERMINATION OF EXEMPTIONS IN TITLE 49.

    (a) In General.--Section 10706 of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), by striking ``, and the 
                Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.),'' and all that 
                follows through ``or carrying out the agreement'' in 
                the third sentence;
                    (B) in paragraph (4)--
                            (i) by striking the second sentence; and
                            (ii) by striking ``However, the'' in the 
                        third sentence and inserting ``The''; and
                    (C) in paragraph (5)(A), by striking ``, and the 
                antitrust laws set forth in paragraph (2) of this 
                subsection do not apply to parties and other persons 
                with respect to making or carrying out the agreement''; 
                and
            (2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following:
    ``(e) Application of Antitrust Laws.--
            ``(1) In general.--Nothing in this section exempts a 
        proposed agreement described in subsection (a) from the 
        application of the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), the 
        Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 12, 14 et seq.), the Federal Trade 
        Commission Act (15 U.S.C. 41 et seq.), section 73 or 74 of the 
        Wilson Tariff Act (15 U.S.C. 8 and 9), or the Act of June 19, 
        1936 (15 U.S.C. 13, 13a, 13b, 21a).
            ``(2) Antitrust analysis to consider impact.--In reviewing 
        any such proposed agreement for the purpose of any provision of 
        law described in paragraph (1), the Board and any other 
        reviewing agency shall take into account, among any other 
        considerations, the impact of the proposed agreement on 
        shippers, on consumers, and on affected communities.''.
    (b) Combinations.--Section 11321 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) by striking ``The authority'' in the first 
                sentence and inserting ``Except as provided in sections 
                4 (15 U.S.C. 15), 4C (15 U.S.C. 15c), section 15 (15 
                U.S.C. 25), and section 16 (15 U.S.C. 26) of the 
                Clayton Act (15 U.S.C. 21(a)), the authority''; and
                    (B) by striking ``is exempt from the antitrust laws 
                and from all other law,'' in the third sentence and 
                inserting ``is exempt from all other law (except the 
                antitrust laws referred to in subsection (c)),''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following:
    ``(c) Application of Antitrust Laws.--
            ``(1) In general.--Nothing in this section exempts a 
        transaction described in subsection (a) from the application of 
        the Sherman Act (15 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), the Clayton Act (15 
        U.S.C. 12, 14 et seq.), the Federal Trade Commission Act (15 
        U.S.C. 41 et seq.), section 73 or 74 of the Wilson Tariff Act 
        (15 U.S.C. 8-9), or the Act of June 19, 1936 (15 U.S.C. 13, 
        13a, 13b, 21a).
            ``(2) Antitrust analysis to consider impact.--In reviewing 
        any such transaction for the purpose of any provision of law 
        described in paragraph (1), the Board and any other reviewing 
        agency shall take into account, among any other considerations, 
        the impact of the transaction on shippers and on affected 
        communities.''.
    (c) Conforming Amendments.--
            (1) The heading for section 10706 of title 49, United 
        States Code, is amended to read as follows: ``Rate 
        agreements''.
            (2) The item relating to such section in the chapter 
        analysis at the beginning of chapter 107 of such title is 
        amended to read as follows:

``10706. Rate agreements.''.

Summary: Railroad Antitrust Enforcement Act of 2006 - Amends the Clayton Act to grant the United States exclusive authority to bring suit for injunctive relief against a common carrier that is not a rail common carrier subject to the jurisdiction the Surface Transportation Board (STB).

Revises the declaration that prohibitions against mergers and acquisitions that tend to create monopolies shall not apply to certain transactions duly consummated pursuant to specified federal authority. Excepts specified rate agreements between two or more rail carriers (collective rate agreements) and certain transactions, including railroad mergers and acquisitions, from specified antitrust exemptions.

Provides that, in any civil action against a rail common carrier, the U.S. district court shall not be required to defer to the primary jurisdiction of the STB.

Empowers the Federal Trade Commission to regulate, and engage in antitrust enforcement regarding, collective rate agreements and certain transactions, including railroad mergers and acquisitions.

Applies to rail common carriers subject to STB jurisdiction requirements governing the amount of recovery or prejudgment interest (treble damages) by injured persons, without regard to whether: (1) such railroads have filed rates; or (2) a complaint has been filed that challenges a rate.

Amends federal transportation law to terminate the exemptions from antitrust laws for collective ratemaking agreements.

Requires the STB, and other reviewing agencies, when reviewing a proposed agreement, to take into account its impact upon shippers, consumers, and affected communities.

Revises STB authority to provide that a rail carrier, corporation, or a person participating in an approved transaction is not exempt from specified antitrust laws.