To amend the Public Health Service Act to authorize a program for the training of medical residents in community-based settings.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Community-Based Residency Training 
Act of 2009''.

SEC. 2. TRAINING OF MEDICAL RESIDENTS IN COMMUNITY-BASED SETTINGS.

    Part C of title VII of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
293k et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 749. TRAINING OF MEDICAL RESIDENTS IN COMMUNITY-BASED SETTINGS.

    ``(a) Program.--The Secretary shall establish a program for the 
training of medical residents in community-based settings consisting of 
awarding grants and contracts under this section.
    ``(b) Development and Operation of Community-Based Programs.--The 
Secretary shall make grants to, or enter into contracts with, eligible 
entities--
            ``(1) to plan and develop a new primary care residency 
        training program, which may include--
                    ``(A) planning and developing curricula;
                    ``(B) recruiting and training residents and 
                faculty; and
                    ``(C) other activities designated to result in 
                accreditation of such a program; or
            ``(2) to operate or participate in an established primary 
        care residency training program, which may include--
                    ``(A) planning and developing curricula;
                    ``(B) recruitment and training of residents; and
                    ``(C) retention of faculty.
    ``(c) Eligible Entity.--To be eligible to receive a grant or 
contract under subsection (b), an entity must be designated as eligible 
to receive payment for the direct costs of medical education under 
section 1886(k) of the Social Security Act.
    ``(d) Preferences.--In awarding grants and contracts under 
paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (b), the Secretary shall give 
preference to entities that--
            ``(1) support teaching programs that address the health 
        care needs of vulnerable populations; or
            ``(2) are a Federally qualified health center (as defined 
        in section 1861(aa)(4) of the Social Security Act) or a rural 
        health clinic (as defined in section 1861(aa)(2) of such Act).
    ``(e) Additional Preferences for Established Programs.--In awarding 
grants and contracts under subsection (b)(2), the Secretary shall give 
preference to entities that have a demonstrated record of training--
            ``(1) a high or significantly improved percentage of health 
        professionals who provide primary care;
            ``(2) individuals who are from disadvantaged backgrounds 
        (including racial and ethnic minorities underrepresented among 
        primary care professionals); or
            ``(3) individuals who practice in settings having the 
        principal focus of serving underserved areas or populations 
        experiencing health disparities (including serving patients 
        eligible for medical assistance under title XIX of the Social 
        Security Act or for child health assistance under title XXI of 
        such Act or those with special health care needs).
    ``(f) Period of Awards.--
            ``(1) In general.--The period of a grant or contract under 
        this section--
                    ``(A) shall not exceed 3 years for awards under 
                subsection (b)(1); and
                    ``(B) shall not exceed 5 years for awards under 
                subsection (b)(2).
            ``(2) Special rules.--
                    ``(A) An award of a grant or contract under 
                subsection (b)(1) shall not be renewed.
                    ``(B) The period of a grant or contract awarded to 
                an entity under subsection (b)(2) shall not overlap 
                with the period of any grant or contact awarded to the 
                same entity under subsection (b)(1).
    ``(g) Report.--The Secretary shall submit to the Congress an annual 
report on the program carried out under this section.
    ``(h) Definitions.--In this section:
            ``(1) Health disparities.--The term `health disparities' 
        includes health and health care disparities and means 
        population-specific differences in the presence of disease, 
        health outcomes, or access to health care. For purposes of the 
        preceding sentence, a population may be delineated by race, 
        ethnicity, primary language, sex, sexual orientation, gender 
        identity, disability, socioeconomic status, or rural, urban, or 
        other geographic setting, and any other population or 
        subpopulation determined by the Secretary to experience 
        significant gaps in disease, health outcomes, or access to 
        health care.
            ``(2) Primary care resident.--The term `primary care 
        resident' has the meaning given the term in section 
        1886(h)(5)(H) of the Social Security Act.
            ``(3) Primary care residency training program.--The term 
        `primary care residency training program' means a program 
        that--
                    ``(A) is an approved medical residency training 
                program described in section 1886(h)(5)(A) of the 
                Social Security Act for primary care residents; and
                    ``(B) in the case of entities seeking awards under 
                subsection (b)(2), is accredited, or operates in 
                partnership with a program that is accredited, by the 
                Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education or 
                the American Osteopathic Association.
    ``(i) Authorization of Appropriations.--To carry out this section, 
there are authorized to be appropriated the following:
            ``(1) $40,800,000 for fiscal year 2011.
            ``(2) $43,010,000 for fiscal year 2012.
            ``(3) $45,050,000 for fiscal year 2013.
            ``(4) $47,260,000 for fiscal year 2014.
            ``(5) $49,640,000 for fiscal year 2015.''.

Summary: Community-Based Residency Training Act of 2009 - Amends the Public Health Service Act to direct the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to establish a program for the training of medical residents in community-based settings. Requires the Secretary to make grants to, or enter into contracts with, eligible entities (i.e., entities designated as eligible to receive payment for the direct costs of medical education under provisions of the Social Security Act pertaining to payment to nonhospital providers) to: (1) plan and develop a new primary care residency training program; and (2) operate or participate in an established primary care residency training program.

Directs the Secretary to give preference to entities that: (1) support teaching programs that address the health care needs of vulnerable populations; (2) are a federally qualified health center or a rural health clinic; or (3) have a demonstrated record of training a high or significantly improved percentage of health professionals who provide primary care, individuals who are from disadvantaged backgrounds, or individuals who practice in settings having the principal focus of serving underserved areas or populations experiencing health disparities.