To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to suspend for 30 days the Federal excise taxes on highway motor fuels.

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Gas Tax Relief Act 
of 2005''.
    (b) Constitutional Authority to Enact This Legislation.--The 
constitutional authority upon which this Act rests is the power of 
Congress to lay and collect taxes, set forth in article I, section 8 of 
the United States Constitution.

SEC. 2. 30-DAY SUSPENSION OF FUEL TAXES ON HIGHWAY MOTOR FUELS.

    (a) In General.--Section 4081 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to imposition of tax on motor and aviation fuels) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(f) 30-Day Suspension of Highway Motor Fuel Taxes.--
            ``(1) In general.--During the suspension period, no tax 
        shall be imposed by section 4041 or 4081 on highway motor fuel.
            ``(2) Definitions.--For purposes of this subsection--
                    ``(A) Suspension period.--The term `suspension 
                period' means the 30-day period beginning on the day 
                after the date of the enactment of this Act.
                    ``(B) Highway motor fuel.--The term `highway motor 
                fuel' means any fuel subject to tax under section 4041 
                or 4081 other than aviation gasoline and aviation-grade 
                kerosene.
            ``(3) Preemption of state law.--No State tax may be 
        increased by reason of any suspension of tax under this 
        subsection.''.
    (b) Maintenance of Trust Funds Deposits; Amounts Appropriated to 
Trust Funds Treated as Taxes.--
            (1) In general.--There is hereby appropriated (out of any 
        money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated) to each trust 
        fund which would (but for this subsection) receive reduced 
        revenues as a result of suspending a tax referred to in section 
        4081(f)(1) of such Code (as added by this section) an amount 
        equal to such reduction in revenues. Amounts appropriated by 
        the preceding sentence to any trust fund--
                    (A) shall be transferred from the general fund at 
                such times and in such manner as to replicate to the 
                extent possible the transfers which would have occurred 
                had subsection (a) not been enacted, and
                    (B) shall be treated for all purposes of Federal 
                law as taxes received under the appropriate section 
                referred to in such section 4081(f)(1).
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall take 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.

SEC. 3. FLOOR STOCK REFUNDS.

    (a) In General.--If--
            (1) before the tax suspension date, tax has been imposed 
        under section 4081 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 on any 
        highway motor fuel, and
            (2) on such date such fuel is held by a dealer and has not 
        been used and is intended for sale,
there shall be credited or refunded (without interest) to the person 
who paid such tax (hereafter in this section referred to as the 
``taxpayer'') an amount equal to the tax paid by the taxpayer.
    (b) Time for Filing Claims.--No credit or refund shall be allowed 
or made under this section unless--
            (1) claim therefor is filed with the Secretary of the 
        Treasury before the date which is 6 months after the tax 
        suspension date based on a request submitted to the taxpayer 
        before the date which is 3 months after the tax suspension date 
        by the dealer who held the highway motor fuel on such date, and
            (2) the taxpayer has repaid or agreed to repay the amount 
        so claimed to such dealer or has obtained the written consent 
        of such dealer to the allowance of the credit or the making of 
        the refund.
    (c) Exception for Fuel Held in Retail Stocks.--No credit or refund 
shall be allowed under this section with respect to any highway motor 
fuel in retail stocks held at the place where intended to be sold at 
retail.
    (d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            (1) Tax suspension date.--The term ``tax suspension date'' 
        means the day after the date of the enactment of this Act.
            (2) Other terms.--The terms ``dealer'' and ``held by a 
        dealer'' have the respective meanings given to such terms by 
        section 6412 of such Code.
    (e) Certain Rules to Apply.--Rules similar to the rules of 
subsections (b) and (c) of section 6412 of such Code shall apply for 
purposes of this section.

SEC. 4. FLOOR STOCKS TAX.

    (a) Imposition of Tax.--In the case of any highway motor fuel which 
is held on the tax restoration date by any person, there is hereby 
imposed a floor stocks tax equal to the excess of the tax which would 
be imposed on such fuel had the taxable event occurred on such date 
over the tax (if any) previously paid (and not credited or refunded) on 
such fuel.
    (b) Liability for Tax and Method of Payment.--
            (1) Liability for tax.--The person holding highway motor 
        fuel on the tax restoration date to which the tax imposed by 
        subsection (a) applies shall be liable for such tax.
            (2) Method of payment.--The tax imposed by subsection (a) 
        shall be paid in such manner as the Secretary shall prescribe.
            (3) Time for payment.--The tax imposed by subsection (a) 
        shall be paid on or before the 45th day after the tax 
        restoration date.
    (c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section--
            (1) Tax restoration date.--The term ``tax restoration 
        date'' means the first day after the suspension period (as 
        defined in section 4081(f) of such Code).
            (2) Highway motor fuel.--The term ``highway motor fuel'' 
        has the meaning given to such term by section 4081(f) of such 
        Code.
            (3) Held by a person.--A highway motor fuel shall be 
        considered as held by a person if title thereto has passed to 
        such person (whether or not delivery to the person has been 
        made).
            (4) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of the Treasury or the Secretary's delegate.
    (d) Exception for Exempt Uses.--The tax imposed by subsection (a) 
shall not apply to any highway motor fuel held by any person 
exclusively for any use to the extent a credit or refund of the tax is 
allowable for such use.
    (e) Exception for Certain Amounts of Fuel.--
            (1) In general.--No tax shall be imposed by subsection (a) 
        on any highway motor fuel held on the tax restoration date by 
        any person if the aggregate amount of such highway motor fuel 
        held by such person on such date does not exceed 2,000 gallons. 
        The preceding sentence shall apply only if such person submits 
        to the Secretary (at the time and in the manner required by the 
        Secretary) such information as the Secretary shall require for 
        purposes of this paragraph.
            (2) Exempt fuel.--For purposes of paragraph (1), there 
        shall not be taken into account any highway motor fuel held by 
        any person which is exempt from the tax imposed by subsection 
        (a) by reason of subsection (d).
            (3) Controlled groups.--For purposes of this section--
                    (A) Corporations.--
                            (i) In general.--All persons treated as a 
                        controlled group shall be treated as 1 person.
                            (ii) Controlled group.--The term 
                        ``controlled group'' has the meaning given to 
                        such term by subsection (a) of section 1563 of 
                        such Code; except that for such purposes the 
                        phrase ``more than 50 percent'' shall be 
                        substituted for the phrase ``at least 80 
                        percent'' each place it appears in such 
                        subsection.
                    (B) Nonincorporated persons under common control.--
                Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, 
                principles similar to the principles of subparagraph 
                (A) shall apply to a group of persons under common 
                control if 1 or more of such persons is not a 
                corporation.
    (f) Other Laws Applicable.--All provisions of law, including 
penalties, applicable with respect to the taxes imposed by section 4081 
of such Code shall, insofar as applicable and not inconsistent with the 
provisions of this section, apply with respect to the floor stock taxes 
imposed by subsection (a) to the same extent as if such taxes were 
imposed by such sections.

Summary: Gas Tax Relief Act of 2005 - Amends the Internal Revenue Code to suspend the excise tax on highway motor fuels, other than aviation fuels, for a period of 30 days after the enactment of this Act. Provides for adjustments to such excise tax for floor stocks of highway motor fuels held by dealers prior to, or after, the suspension period provided by this Act.