title: Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects: errata

authors: Streeter, Lee

subjects: noise in imaging systems

abstract: The model for Poisson random noise under Hadamard multiplexing is revised. The new model accounts for the variation of the Hadamard multiplexed measurements, as well as the previously considered variation due to Poisson fluctuations. A numerical simulation matches the model prediction within uncertainty.

text: Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects: errata The model for Poisson random noise under Hadamard multiplexing is revised. The new model accounts for the variation of the Hadamard multiplexed measurements, as well as the previously considered variation due to Poisson fluctuations. A numerical simulation matches the model prediction within uncertainty.

year: 2011

title: Using agent-based modelling for small area household projections: a New Zealand case study

authors: Marais, Anton Louis

subjects: Household distribution

abstract: In New Zealand, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) is the guiding legislation that sets out how the environment is managed. The territorial authorities are charged with regulating how the environment is managed in their jurisdiction. In order to effectively manage any resource, good and robust planning processes are required. Population change is the factor that has the greatest impact on the environment, and is one of the most challenging to regulate, thus for the territorial authority planners, knowing where and when infrastructure investment is most likely required is key to fulfilling their statutory requirement.
This line of investigation has been driven by an ever increasing need for more spatially detailed projections of where and when changes are most likely to take place. The investigation and subsequent development of spatially detailed household projections transcends three territorial authorities in the lower Waikato river catchment situated in New Zealand.
An agent-based model was developed in which the individual agents were households. The aim of the model was to produce a simplified simulation of the location choices made by the members of a household in a housing market that is governed by councils’ infrastructure provision, household rents, transport costs and the benefit derived from the neighbourhood amenities and the environment. This model simulates the distribution of households over a twelve year period from 2013 to 2025. In the model the households were programmed to move to vacant properties in order to minimise their residential costs. Each time an agent moves this provides new potential options for all other households; thus the simulation runs and the households move until all households settle in their least cost locations, representing the distribution of households in 2025. The incorporation of multiple territorial authorities provides a more holistic approach than the prevailing approach which is based on disaggregating top level projection with the no further account of population movement outside the top-level migration assumption.
The results of the model calibration indicate the model performs well with a 16.6% RMSE at the smallest spatial unit. The projected results produce growth patterns that fall within the expectations of planning staff of the councils. These staff members have affirmed the model’s and input assumptions, and indicate the outcomes to be both useful and plausible. 
The results demonstrate the relationship between the councils and their respective growth plan strategies. The scenarios were developed to, demonstrate the relationship between the availability of vacant land and the cost to occupy a property, which ultimately impacts the flux of residents to or away from the city. 
With some broad assumptions and limitations, this model is distinctive in its approach as it is developed with the intention of being an applied tool to be used by the three councils. It has the further distinction as modelling the behaviours of individual households rather than the behaviours of an entire population, which is the unique in New Zealand and amongst a few applied models of this nature wide (Triantakonstantis & Mountrakis, 2012).

text: Using agent-based modelling for small area household projections: a New Zealand case study In New Zealand, the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) is the guiding legislation that sets out how the environment is managed. The territorial authorities are charged with regulating how the environment is managed in their jurisdiction. In order to effectively manage any resource, good and robust planning processes are required. Population change is the factor that has the greatest impact on the environment, and is one of the most challenging to regulate, thus for the territorial authority planners, knowing where and when infrastructure investment is most likely required is key to fulfilling their statutory requirement.
This line of investigation has been driven by an ever increasing need for more spatially detailed projections of where and when changes are most likely to take place. The investigation and subsequent development of spatially detailed household projections transcends three territorial authorities in the lower Waikato river catchment situated in New Zealand.
An agent-based model was developed in which the individual agents were households. The aim of the model was to produce a simplified simulation of the location choices made by the members of a household in a housing market that is governed by councils’ infrastructure provision, household rents, transport costs and the benefit derived from the neighbourhood amenities and the environment. This model simulates the distribution of households over a twelve year period from 2013 to 2025. In the model the households were programmed to move to vacant properties in order to minimise their residential costs. Each time an agent moves this provides new potential options for all other households; thus the simulation runs and the households move until all households settle in their least cost locations, representing the distribution of households in 2025. The incorporation of multiple territorial authorities provides a more holistic approach than the prevailing approach which is based on disaggregating top level projection with the no further account of population movement outside the top-level migration assumption.
The results of the model calibration indicate the model performs well with a 16.6% RMSE at the smallest spatial unit. The projected results produce growth patterns that fall within the expectations of planning staff of the councils. These staff members have affirmed the model’s and input assumptions, and indicate the outcomes to be both useful and plausible. 
The results demonstrate the relationship between the councils and their respective growth plan strategies. The scenarios were developed to, demonstrate the relationship between the availability of vacant land and the cost to occupy a property, which ultimately impacts the flux of residents to or away from the city. 
With some broad assumptions and limitations, this model is distinctive in its approach as it is developed with the intention of being an applied tool to be used by the three councils. It has the further distinction as modelling the behaviours of individual households rather than the behaviours of an entire population, which is the unique in New Zealand and amongst a few applied models of this nature wide (Triantakonstantis & Mountrakis, 2012).

year: 2016

title: Ko te reo i Te Rarawa: Pēhea rainī te tūāhua reo o ngā mātua tūpuna i Pukepoto

authors: McGrath, Daniel

abstract: Ko te reo Māori, ko te reo ā-iwi, ko te mita o te reo; ko tēhea te mea nui? Mai anō tēnei tohe, ko tēhea ko runga, ko tēhea ko raro. He tinitini nei anō ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, mō ngā rautaki whakaora i te reo Māori. Erangi pēhea mai ana te reo ā-iwi? I te mahi nui whakaharahara ki te whakaora i te reo Māori e noho ana tērā kaupapa hei aronga matua. E kite mārika ana i ngā hua o aua mahi, hoi anō te reo ā-iwi, te hanga nei, i paria ki rāhaki. Nā, i ngā tau tata nei anō, kua kitea rawatia te wheinu o ngā uri whakaheke, o ngā mokopuna o ngā iwi ki te ako i ō rātou mita, otirā i te reo ā-iwi.
Hoi anō tēnei kaupapa rangahau he mea whakapiripiri ki ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, waihoki mō te reo ā-iwi. E āta mātai atu ana te titiro ki te reo ake anō o Te Rarawa, otirā ki te reo o ngā kaumātua i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko ngā whāinga matua o te rangahau kia kitea pēnā rainī he patanga wō te reo i te kāinga ki te mana, ki te ahurea o te tangata, ka tahi. Ka rua, kia huraina mai ai ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te reo o Te Rarawa, otirā, o te reo i Pukepoto. I runga i tērā, ko te pātai matua o te rangahau nei, ko tēnei;
Pēhea hoki nei te tūāhua reo Māori i kōrerohia ai e ngā mātua tūpuna, e ngā wheinga i Pukepoto?
Nā, e tutuki ngā whāinga rangahau, i arohia wētahi rīpene kei te pātaka kōrero o Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika e mau nei ngā reo o ngā kaumātua o te kāinga e kōrero ana mō ngā tini āhuatanga e hāngai ana ki ō rātou nā ao. E tāwharautia ana tēnei kaupapa e te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori, ā, ko ngā tikanga, ko ngā kōrero i ahua mai i Te Rarawa i Pukepoto e noho mai ana hei tāhuhu tikanga mōku. Ko ngā taupānga hou kua oti kē nei i a Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika hei taputapu e nanao atu ai a hau ki te pātaka kōrero o Te Hiku o Te Ika, e pai ai taku āta wānanga i ngā kupu, i ngā kōrero kei ngā rīpene e mau ana.
Tokowhitu katoa ngā kaumātua i āta arohia e ahau i tēnei rangahau nei, katoa i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko tāku, he āta whakataringa atu ki wā rātou kōrero, ka āta arotake ai i wētahi kupu, i wētahi kīwaha, i wētahi whakatakotoranga rerenga kōrero i kaha whakahuangia e rātou mā. Kei te puke tuaono te roanga o ngā kōrero mō ngā kitenga o te rangahau; i mārama te kite atu he tini ngā momo kupu, ngā kīwaha me ngā rerenga kōrero he tikanga kē atu wō rātou, he whakamahinga kē anō, ka mutu, arā wētahi kāhore e tino rangona ana i wēnei wā nei. Nō reira, ko tā tēnei rangahau e whai ana kia whakahokia wēnei āhuatanga o te reo ki ngā arero o ngā uri whakaheke o Pukepoto, o Te Rarawa, otirā o Te Hiku o te Ika.

text: Ko te reo i Te Rarawa: Pēhea rainī te tūāhua reo o ngā mātua tūpuna i Pukepoto Ko te reo Māori, ko te reo ā-iwi, ko te mita o te reo; ko tēhea te mea nui? Mai anō tēnei tohe, ko tēhea ko runga, ko tēhea ko raro. He tinitini nei anō ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, mō ngā rautaki whakaora i te reo Māori. Erangi pēhea mai ana te reo ā-iwi? I te mahi nui whakaharahara ki te whakaora i te reo Māori e noho ana tērā kaupapa hei aronga matua. E kite mārika ana i ngā hua o aua mahi, hoi anō te reo ā-iwi, te hanga nei, i paria ki rāhaki. Nā, i ngā tau tata nei anō, kua kitea rawatia te wheinu o ngā uri whakaheke, o ngā mokopuna o ngā iwi ki te ako i ō rātou mita, otirā i te reo ā-iwi.
Hoi anō tēnei kaupapa rangahau he mea whakapiripiri ki ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, waihoki mō te reo ā-iwi. E āta mātai atu ana te titiro ki te reo ake anō o Te Rarawa, otirā ki te reo o ngā kaumātua i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko ngā whāinga matua o te rangahau kia kitea pēnā rainī he patanga wō te reo i te kāinga ki te mana, ki te ahurea o te tangata, ka tahi. Ka rua, kia huraina mai ai ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te reo o Te Rarawa, otirā, o te reo i Pukepoto. I runga i tērā, ko te pātai matua o te rangahau nei, ko tēnei;
Pēhea hoki nei te tūāhua reo Māori i kōrerohia ai e ngā mātua tūpuna, e ngā wheinga i Pukepoto?
Nā, e tutuki ngā whāinga rangahau, i arohia wētahi rīpene kei te pātaka kōrero o Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika e mau nei ngā reo o ngā kaumātua o te kāinga e kōrero ana mō ngā tini āhuatanga e hāngai ana ki ō rātou nā ao. E tāwharautia ana tēnei kaupapa e te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori, ā, ko ngā tikanga, ko ngā kōrero i ahua mai i Te Rarawa i Pukepoto e noho mai ana hei tāhuhu tikanga mōku. Ko ngā taupānga hou kua oti kē nei i a Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika hei taputapu e nanao atu ai a hau ki te pātaka kōrero o Te Hiku o Te Ika, e pai ai taku āta wānanga i ngā kupu, i ngā kōrero kei ngā rīpene e mau ana.
Tokowhitu katoa ngā kaumātua i āta arohia e ahau i tēnei rangahau nei, katoa i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko tāku, he āta whakataringa atu ki wā rātou kōrero, ka āta arotake ai i wētahi kupu, i wētahi kīwaha, i wētahi whakatakotoranga rerenga kōrero i kaha whakahuangia e rātou mā. Kei te puke tuaono te roanga o ngā kōrero mō ngā kitenga o te rangahau; i mārama te kite atu he tini ngā momo kupu, ngā kīwaha me ngā rerenga kōrero he tikanga kē atu wō rātou, he whakamahinga kē anō, ka mutu, arā wētahi kāhore e tino rangona ana i wēnei wā nei. Nō reira, ko tā tēnei rangahau e whai ana kia whakahokia wēnei āhuatanga o te reo ki ngā arero o ngā uri whakaheke o Pukepoto, o Te Rarawa, otirā o Te Hiku o te Ika.

year: 2021