title: How we flipped an engineering course

authors: Khoo, Elaine G.L.

abstract: The flipped classroom emphasises active student-centred learning activities and application of ideas during class time by assigning take-home task for the student to complete prior to coming to class. This approach has been evidenced to support important learning of content and collaborative inquiry skills required of 21st century learners. However, more evidenced-based examples/models are needed to demystify the process of flipping the classroom for educators to more effectively support student learning. Our presentation is grounded in the case study of an undergraduate engineering course characterised by high student enrollments and a strong lab component. Incremental cycles of flipping the course supported the refinement of the course design, course materials, pedagogy and assessment.

text: How we flipped an engineering course The flipped classroom emphasises active student-centred learning activities and application of ideas during class time by assigning take-home task for the student to complete prior to coming to class. This approach has been evidenced to support important learning of content and collaborative inquiry skills required of 21st century learners. However, more evidenced-based examples/models are needed to demystify the process of flipping the classroom for educators to more effectively support student learning. Our presentation is grounded in the case study of an undergraduate engineering course characterised by high student enrollments and a strong lab component. Incremental cycles of flipping the course supported the refinement of the course design, course materials, pedagogy and assessment.

year: 2018

title: Studies of Leaching of Metals from Food Ceramics

authors: Velayudhan, Prajusha Veethampulli

abstract: In this study the leaching potential of food ceramic wares available in New Zealand has been done using ICP-MS analysis. A survey of ceramic wares purchased in New Zealand markets ranging from historical (antique) Victorian eras (Wilemen bone china and Chapman), mid - 20th century (Alfred Meakin), 1960-1980’s New Zealand-made (Crown Lynn) and modern day ceramic wares manufactured in China, India and Thailand was carried out with respect to their elemental compositions, ceramic composition and leaching potential. All these ceramic wares were found to contain various amounts of heavy metals in their glazes used for imparting special colours, texture and smooth finishes.  
Structural characterisation of these ceramic wares was carried out using different techniques such as solid state magic angle spinning NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine which elements were present in the bulk of ceramics clay sourced-body and in the glazes. The results of the XRF analysis informed the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) studies by providing a list of elements to follow. In general XRF identified a number of heavy metals of interest in all the ceramic wares such as lead and cadmium in Victorian era Wileman and Chapman, mid-20th century Alfred Meakin and especially in the Crown Lynn wares. Barium was predominantly the heavy metal of interest in all modern ceramic wares that are predominantly used by many people in New Zealand. Cobalt, chromium, tin and zinc were present in all the ceramic wares. However, cadmium was significantly present in  the red coloured modern ceramic wares.
These ceramic wares were subjected to leaching tests to detect whether various elements of relevance such as lead, cadmium, barium, cobalt and chromium migrated to any great extent into liquids exposed to these ceramic wares. Leaching studies were done following the ASTM 738 -94 standard test methods for specific metals leaching into 4% acetic acid solutions after a 24 hour exposure time. The lead leached from Victorian era Wileman bone chinaware studied with 4% acetic acid leaching solution was found to exceed the standard safe limits of lead as given by  the FDA (3 µg/mL) and European Council Directive 84/500/EC (4mg/L). The Victorian era Chapman and the New Zealand made Crown Lynn ceramic wares leached lead with 4% acetic acid leaching solution but was below the standard safe limit. However, the modern day ceramic wares manufactured in China, India and Thailand analysed in this research were found to leach extremely low levels of barium being well below the oral reference dose (RFD) for barium given by the US Environmental protection agency (EPA) as 0.07 mg/kg/day, i.e. 4 mg/person/day.
Ceramic teacups were exposed to other leachate solutions based on the normal domestic use and all the leachate solutions were analysed with ICP-MS. These leachate solutions which were exposed to the ceramic teacups for a ten minutes leaching test included: orange juice at room temperature, hot tea at 80 - 95 oC, hot water at 80 - 95 o C, cold water at 4 oC and Coca Cola at room temperature in which some of the Crown Lynn teacups studied were found to be continuously leaching lead in all the tested solutions at varying conditions i.e. pH of the leaching solutions, its temperature and duration of exposure to the leaching solution have influence in migrating the metals from these ceramic teacups tested. However, the level of lead leached from these ceramic teacups was well below the standard safe limits of lead leached from ceramic wares.

text: Studies of Leaching of Metals from Food Ceramics In this study the leaching potential of food ceramic wares available in New Zealand has been done using ICP-MS analysis. A survey of ceramic wares purchased in New Zealand markets ranging from historical (antique) Victorian eras (Wilemen bone china and Chapman), mid - 20th century (Alfred Meakin), 1960-1980’s New Zealand-made (Crown Lynn) and modern day ceramic wares manufactured in China, India and Thailand was carried out with respect to their elemental compositions, ceramic composition and leaching potential. All these ceramic wares were found to contain various amounts of heavy metals in their glazes used for imparting special colours, texture and smooth finishes.  
Structural characterisation of these ceramic wares was carried out using different techniques such as solid state magic angle spinning NMR, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled to energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine which elements were present in the bulk of ceramics clay sourced-body and in the glazes. The results of the XRF analysis informed the inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) studies by providing a list of elements to follow. In general XRF identified a number of heavy metals of interest in all the ceramic wares such as lead and cadmium in Victorian era Wileman and Chapman, mid-20th century Alfred Meakin and especially in the Crown Lynn wares. Barium was predominantly the heavy metal of interest in all modern ceramic wares that are predominantly used by many people in New Zealand. Cobalt, chromium, tin and zinc were present in all the ceramic wares. However, cadmium was significantly present in  the red coloured modern ceramic wares.
These ceramic wares were subjected to leaching tests to detect whether various elements of relevance such as lead, cadmium, barium, cobalt and chromium migrated to any great extent into liquids exposed to these ceramic wares. Leaching studies were done following the ASTM 738 -94 standard test methods for specific metals leaching into 4% acetic acid solutions after a 24 hour exposure time. The lead leached from Victorian era Wileman bone chinaware studied with 4% acetic acid leaching solution was found to exceed the standard safe limits of lead as given by  the FDA (3 µg/mL) and European Council Directive 84/500/EC (4mg/L). The Victorian era Chapman and the New Zealand made Crown Lynn ceramic wares leached lead with 4% acetic acid leaching solution but was below the standard safe limit. However, the modern day ceramic wares manufactured in China, India and Thailand analysed in this research were found to leach extremely low levels of barium being well below the oral reference dose (RFD) for barium given by the US Environmental protection agency (EPA) as 0.07 mg/kg/day, i.e. 4 mg/person/day.
Ceramic teacups were exposed to other leachate solutions based on the normal domestic use and all the leachate solutions were analysed with ICP-MS. These leachate solutions which were exposed to the ceramic teacups for a ten minutes leaching test included: orange juice at room temperature, hot tea at 80 - 95 oC, hot water at 80 - 95 o C, cold water at 4 oC and Coca Cola at room temperature in which some of the Crown Lynn teacups studied were found to be continuously leaching lead in all the tested solutions at varying conditions i.e. pH of the leaching solutions, its temperature and duration of exposure to the leaching solution have influence in migrating the metals from these ceramic teacups tested. However, the level of lead leached from these ceramic teacups was well below the standard safe limits of lead leached from ceramic wares.

year: 2013

title: What do New Zealand picturebooks tell us about New Zealand national identity?

authors: Daly, Nicola

abstract: Jeffries (2004, p. 4) defines national identity as ' ... a shared sense of belonging of a group of people that depends on a common area of named place, a common set of beliefs and values, and positive feelings for a specific named geographical area'. In her examination of how New Zealand culture is portrayed in picturebooks published between 2000 and 2005, McNeur (2006) suggests that the visual and textual messages in children's picturebooks are an important contributor to the development of children's national identity. This paper describes the process of choosing a collection of 22 New Zealand children's picturebooks (known as the New Zealand PictureBook Collection) to reflect and represent diversity in New Zealand national identity, and analyses what these books tell us about the New Zealand national identity.

text: What do New Zealand picturebooks tell us about New Zealand national identity? Jeffries (2004, p. 4) defines national identity as ' ... a shared sense of belonging of a group of people that depends on a common area of named place, a common set of beliefs and values, and positive feelings for a specific named geographical area'. In her examination of how New Zealand culture is portrayed in picturebooks published between 2000 and 2005, McNeur (2006) suggests that the visual and textual messages in children's picturebooks are an important contributor to the development of children's national identity. This paper describes the process of choosing a collection of 22 New Zealand children's picturebooks (known as the New Zealand PictureBook Collection) to reflect and represent diversity in New Zealand national identity, and analyses what these books tell us about the New Zealand national identity.

year: 2016