title: Long-term hip function in slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with in situ pinning.

authors: Bond, Elizabeth C.

subjects: hip

abstract: BACKGROUND:: In recent years, there has been a trend toward more aggressive management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with acute anatomical realignment; however, the literature is unclear with regard to the indications for this. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:: To collect long-term patient-reported outcome scores on a group of SCFE patients using modern hip scores. The second aim was to determine whether there is a threshold level of deformity beyond which patients have predictably poor outcomes following in situ pinning. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: Patients presenting with SCFE between 2000 and 2009 completed a survey consisting of three modern hip scores and were classified into poor, intermediate, and good outcome groups. The posterior slope angle (PSA) was used to measure slip deformity. We examined the relationship between patient characteristics and functional outcomes. The relationship between PSA score and overall outcome was examined using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS:: The total study population was 63; 14% patients had poor, 29% had intermediate, and 57% had good functional outcomes. The mean Non-Arthritic Hip Scores (NAHSs) for those with poor outcomes was 51, 76 in the intermediate group, and 95 in the good group ( p <0.001). PSA was significantly lower in those with good functional outcomes. ROC analysis demonstrated that a higher PSA was moderately predictive of a poor clinical outcome (area under the curve of 0.668). In both the poor and intermediate outcome groups, 50% of patients had a PSA of 40° or greater, whereas only 31% of those with good clinical outcomes had PSA of 40° or greater. CONCLUSIONS:: A significant proportion of post-SCFE patients have ongoing suboptimal hip function after pinning in situ. Those with a PSA more than 40° have a higher chance of a poor outcome.

text: Long-term hip function in slipped capital femoral epiphysis treated with in situ pinning. BACKGROUND:: In recent years, there has been a trend toward more aggressive management of slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) with acute anatomical realignment; however, the literature is unclear with regard to the indications for this. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES:: To collect long-term patient-reported outcome scores on a group of SCFE patients using modern hip scores. The second aim was to determine whether there is a threshold level of deformity beyond which patients have predictably poor outcomes following in situ pinning. PATIENTS AND METHODS:: Patients presenting with SCFE between 2000 and 2009 completed a survey consisting of three modern hip scores and were classified into poor, intermediate, and good outcome groups. The posterior slope angle (PSA) was used to measure slip deformity. We examined the relationship between patient characteristics and functional outcomes. The relationship between PSA score and overall outcome was examined using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS:: The total study population was 63; 14% patients had poor, 29% had intermediate, and 57% had good functional outcomes. The mean Non-Arthritic Hip Scores (NAHSs) for those with poor outcomes was 51, 76 in the intermediate group, and 95 in the good group ( p <0.001). PSA was significantly lower in those with good functional outcomes. ROC analysis demonstrated that a higher PSA was moderately predictive of a poor clinical outcome (area under the curve of 0.668). In both the poor and intermediate outcome groups, 50% of patients had a PSA of 40° or greater, whereas only 31% of those with good clinical outcomes had PSA of 40° or greater. CONCLUSIONS:: A significant proportion of post-SCFE patients have ongoing suboptimal hip function after pinning in situ. Those with a PSA more than 40° have a higher chance of a poor outcome.

year: 2019

title: Holding Out For a Heroine: Representations of Voice, Silence and Adolescent Girls’ Identity in Young Adult Dystopian Fiction

authors: Wilkinson, Melody Julianne May

subjects: Heroines

abstract: Today, teenage girls are told they can do anything. However, this is not reflected in the images they see and the books they read, which often reinforce messages of passivity, weakness, objectification, and undermine the need for girls to develop a strong voice and autonomous sense of self. This thesis explores these issues through an analysis of heroines in Young Adult dystopian fiction. With its popularity and its exaggeration of real-world issues, this literature is in a unique position to address not only wider political and social contexts but also the lack of representation of young girls.
Using developmental psychology as a frame and Girl’s Studies as theoretical lens, this thesis analyses two popular Young Adult series. The first, ‘The Selection’ series by Kiera Cass, offers an example of a passive heroine in the protagonist America Singer. America is a problematic heroine who embodies deep-rooted tropes of passivity and submission to her male counterparts. In contrast, Katniss Everdeen in ‘The Hunger Games’ trilogy by Suzanne Collins offers a positive example of what it means to find your voice when your world demands your silence.
This thesis has a creative component which seeks to construct a Young Adult dystopian heroine who, like Katniss, is a positive role model of strength and empowerment. However, this heroine is ordinary rather than exceptional, makes mistakes and yet has the courage to fight for herself and others. The Choice specifically addresses many of the themes explored in the exegesis: the toxic effect of the media; the potential for girls to support each other rather than fighting with each other; and the importance of maintaining identity, even if you fall in love.

text: Holding Out For a Heroine: Representations of Voice, Silence and Adolescent Girls’ Identity in Young Adult Dystopian Fiction Today, teenage girls are told they can do anything. However, this is not reflected in the images they see and the books they read, which often reinforce messages of passivity, weakness, objectification, and undermine the need for girls to develop a strong voice and autonomous sense of self. This thesis explores these issues through an analysis of heroines in Young Adult dystopian fiction. With its popularity and its exaggeration of real-world issues, this literature is in a unique position to address not only wider political and social contexts but also the lack of representation of young girls.
Using developmental psychology as a frame and Girl’s Studies as theoretical lens, this thesis analyses two popular Young Adult series. The first, ‘The Selection’ series by Kiera Cass, offers an example of a passive heroine in the protagonist America Singer. America is a problematic heroine who embodies deep-rooted tropes of passivity and submission to her male counterparts. In contrast, Katniss Everdeen in ‘The Hunger Games’ trilogy by Suzanne Collins offers a positive example of what it means to find your voice when your world demands your silence.
This thesis has a creative component which seeks to construct a Young Adult dystopian heroine who, like Katniss, is a positive role model of strength and empowerment. However, this heroine is ordinary rather than exceptional, makes mistakes and yet has the courage to fight for herself and others. The Choice specifically addresses many of the themes explored in the exegesis: the toxic effect of the media; the potential for girls to support each other rather than fighting with each other; and the importance of maintaining identity, even if you fall in love.

year: 2018

title: Merea Wikiriwhi and George Thomas Wilkinson

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Merea Wikiriwhi was one of the few women to invest in Te Aroha mining. Her life has been traced in as much detail as can be found because so little has survived about the lives of Maori women. As George Thomas Wilkinson’s surviving diaries reveal his importance in her life, his story was included as well, concentrating on his personal life rather than his official career. 
Merea was a member of several Ohinemuri hapu, with links through whakapapa to some of their more senior rangatira. Mostly living at or near Waitoki, between Paeroa and Te Aroha, she lived a frugal life, not wasting the income she received from land sales. These sales first required her to insist on her rights both in the land court and in a convoluted legal battle over a will signed in her favour by a distant relative. Over time, she would sell most of her land, but never became entirely landless. She invested in only one mining claim, but in the 1930s joined others to claim that the government was not paying them goldfields revenue for land they had sold.
George Thomas Wilkinson entered her life in 1880, when he was the ‘native agent’ in Hauraki. Despite having fought against Maori and nearly being killed, his surviving diaries reveal that he lived in the manner of a Pakeha Maori with three Maori women (simultaneously for a time), having children both by Merea and the woman he would eventually marry. Wilkinson had close friendships with many Maori and Pakeha Maori, and his genuine regard for them is reflected not only in his attempting, in his official capacity, to be fair to their interests – even as he assisted the government to separate them from their land – but in particular by his affection for a young girl, Wairingiringi, who shared his house in Thames. Although he and Merea would part, he tried to ensure that her children, like all his children, would do well in a Pakeha world.

text: Merea Wikiriwhi and George Thomas Wilkinson Merea Wikiriwhi was one of the few women to invest in Te Aroha mining. Her life has been traced in as much detail as can be found because so little has survived about the lives of Maori women. As George Thomas Wilkinson’s surviving diaries reveal his importance in her life, his story was included as well, concentrating on his personal life rather than his official career. 
Merea was a member of several Ohinemuri hapu, with links through whakapapa to some of their more senior rangatira. Mostly living at or near Waitoki, between Paeroa and Te Aroha, she lived a frugal life, not wasting the income she received from land sales. These sales first required her to insist on her rights both in the land court and in a convoluted legal battle over a will signed in her favour by a distant relative. Over time, she would sell most of her land, but never became entirely landless. She invested in only one mining claim, but in the 1930s joined others to claim that the government was not paying them goldfields revenue for land they had sold.
George Thomas Wilkinson entered her life in 1880, when he was the ‘native agent’ in Hauraki. Despite having fought against Maori and nearly being killed, his surviving diaries reveal that he lived in the manner of a Pakeha Maori with three Maori women (simultaneously for a time), having children both by Merea and the woman he would eventually marry. Wilkinson had close friendships with many Maori and Pakeha Maori, and his genuine regard for them is reflected not only in his attempting, in his official capacity, to be fair to their interests – even as he assisted the government to separate them from their land – but in particular by his affection for a young girl, Wairingiringi, who shared his house in Thames. Although he and Merea would part, he tried to ensure that her children, like all his children, would do well in a Pakeha world.

year: 2016