title: 2020 Blind prediction competition for integrated complex structural and nonstructural assessment on steel hospital building

authors: Kurata, M

abstract: Testing of a steel hospital building that represented a complex two- building multi-story hospital - with both fixed and isolated bases, various nonstructural components, and critical medical equipment - was conducted at the E-Defense facility in Japan. The test presented an opportunity to host a multi-phase Blind Prediction Competition (BPC). The contestants competed for modeling accuracy of structural, nonstructural, and functional responses in the two phases, before and after the tests. The prediction of overall structural responses was mostly accurate. However, the local behavior modeling of structural components still needed improvement, even with the preliminary component test results given. Some teams predicted the damage state of the equipment well, but response histories were not as accurate.

text: 2020 Blind prediction competition for integrated complex structural and nonstructural assessment on steel hospital building Testing of a steel hospital building that represented a complex two- building multi-story hospital - with both fixed and isolated bases, various nonstructural components, and critical medical equipment - was conducted at the E-Defense facility in Japan. The test presented an opportunity to host a multi-phase Blind Prediction Competition (BPC). The contestants competed for modeling accuracy of structural, nonstructural, and functional responses in the two phases, before and after the tests. The prediction of overall structural responses was mostly accurate. However, the local behavior modeling of structural components still needed improvement, even with the preliminary component test results given. Some teams predicted the damage state of the equipment well, but response histories were not as accurate.

year: 2022-07-01

title: Transition-metal carbonyl derivatives of the germanes. Part 13. Preparation, spectroscopic properties, and the crystal and molecular structure of bis[µ-carbonyl-bis(tricarbonylcobaltio)(Co–Co)]germanium (4Co–Ge), [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂]; a new type of group 4–tetracobalt species

authors: Gerlach, Robert F.

subjects: chemistry

abstract: Reaction between Gel₄ and [Co(CO)₄]⁻ or between GeH₄ and [Co₂(CO)₈] gives [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂](1). The crystal and molecular structure of (1) has been obtained by X-ray methods. Crystals are triclinic, with a= 10.396(2), b= 16.495(3), c= 12.879(2)Å, α= 90.33(2), β= 97.68(2), γ= 95.03(2)°, space group P1, and Z= 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares techniques to R= 0.056 for 2 852 reflections [I  5σ(l)]. The molecule exhibits approximate C₂ symmetry with the Ge atom bridging the Co–Co bonds of two Co₂(CO)₇ units. The Ge bridge is unsymmetric with unequal Ge–Co bond lengths (average 2.38, 2.34 Å); the corresponding µ-CO in each unit is asymmetrically disposed in the opposite sense. Infrared and mass spectral data for [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂] are also discussed.

text: Transition-metal carbonyl derivatives of the germanes. Part 13. Preparation, spectroscopic properties, and the crystal and molecular structure of bis[µ-carbonyl-bis(tricarbonylcobaltio)(Co–Co)]germanium (4Co–Ge), [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂]; a new type of group 4–tetracobalt species Reaction between Gel₄ and [Co(CO)₄]⁻ or between GeH₄ and [Co₂(CO)₈] gives [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂](1). The crystal and molecular structure of (1) has been obtained by X-ray methods. Crystals are triclinic, with a= 10.396(2), b= 16.495(3), c= 12.879(2)Å, α= 90.33(2), β= 97.68(2), γ= 95.03(2)°, space group P1, and Z= 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares techniques to R= 0.056 for 2 852 reflections [I  5σ(l)]. The molecule exhibits approximate C₂ symmetry with the Ge atom bridging the Co–Co bonds of two Co₂(CO)₇ units. The Ge bridge is unsymmetric with unequal Ge–Co bond lengths (average 2.38, 2.34 Å); the corresponding µ-CO in each unit is asymmetrically disposed in the opposite sense. Infrared and mass spectral data for [Ge{Co₂(CO)₇}₂] are also discussed.

year: 1981

title: Grounding the state of exception in New Zealand: A case study of racial segregation in Pukekohe, Whiteness and the Carceral State

authors: Martin, Jessica

subjects: State of exception

abstract: Indigenous scholars in settler-colonial contexts have highlighted the hyper-imprisonment of Indigenous people, locating it as an extension of the colonial project. Although research on this issue in New Zealand is emerging, there is a notable gap in understanding how the carceral state has developed within this particular context. This study aims to address the following research question: How does the historical context of racial segregation in Pukekohe contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of the carceral state in New Zealand?
To thoroughly examine the hyper-imprisonment of Māori, it is essential to unpack the historical origins of state violence. Despite existing research establishing a link between Māori over-representation in prisons and the enduring effects of colonisation, there is a lack of studies exploring the complex interplay among the carceral state, whiteness, policy, policing, and law, which collectively shape the current landscape of incarceration. This study focuses on the racial segregation in Pukekohe between 1920 and 1960 and utilises reflexive thematic analysis within a case study framework, drawing on the insights offered by Robert Bartholomew's book, No Māori Allowed (2020). The analysis centres on the theoretical concept of the state of exception, shedding light on how power was wielded by the white racial polity. Thus, providing a unique perspective on the carceral state and state-sanctioned violence.
The findings highlight the interconnectedness of various systemic control mechanisms employed by the carceral state. Housing, policing, and whiteness emerge as crucial factors in the control and confinement of Māori in Pukekohe. By emphasising the role of whiteness in suppressing this history, this study underscores the need for critical examination and recognition of white cultural imperialism as a fundamental pillar of the carceral state. Overall, this research offers significant insights into the construction of a targeted population and the enduring consequences of state-sanctioned violence, emphasising the importance of a comprehensive examination of New Zealand's racialised history in discussions on the hyper-imprisonment of Māori.

text: Grounding the state of exception in New Zealand: A case study of racial segregation in Pukekohe, Whiteness and the Carceral State Indigenous scholars in settler-colonial contexts have highlighted the hyper-imprisonment of Indigenous people, locating it as an extension of the colonial project. Although research on this issue in New Zealand is emerging, there is a notable gap in understanding how the carceral state has developed within this particular context. This study aims to address the following research question: How does the historical context of racial segregation in Pukekohe contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of the carceral state in New Zealand?
To thoroughly examine the hyper-imprisonment of Māori, it is essential to unpack the historical origins of state violence. Despite existing research establishing a link between Māori over-representation in prisons and the enduring effects of colonisation, there is a lack of studies exploring the complex interplay among the carceral state, whiteness, policy, policing, and law, which collectively shape the current landscape of incarceration. This study focuses on the racial segregation in Pukekohe between 1920 and 1960 and utilises reflexive thematic analysis within a case study framework, drawing on the insights offered by Robert Bartholomew's book, No Māori Allowed (2020). The analysis centres on the theoretical concept of the state of exception, shedding light on how power was wielded by the white racial polity. Thus, providing a unique perspective on the carceral state and state-sanctioned violence.
The findings highlight the interconnectedness of various systemic control mechanisms employed by the carceral state. Housing, policing, and whiteness emerge as crucial factors in the control and confinement of Māori in Pukekohe. By emphasising the role of whiteness in suppressing this history, this study underscores the need for critical examination and recognition of white cultural imperialism as a fundamental pillar of the carceral state. Overall, this research offers significant insights into the construction of a targeted population and the enduring consequences of state-sanctioned violence, emphasising the importance of a comprehensive examination of New Zealand's racialised history in discussions on the hyper-imprisonment of Māori.

year: 2024