title: Effect of rhizobial strain and host plant on nitrogen isotopic fractionation in legumes

authors: Steele, K.W.

abstract: Lotus pedunculatus L., Medicago sativa L., Macroptilium atropurpureum, Glycine max, and Trifolium repens L. were grown in a N-free medium and inoculated with one of ten Rhizobium strains. Dry matter, N content, and tV5N values were determined for various plant parts. Nodules, with the exception of those from lucerne, were enriched in '5N relative to atmospheric N. Considerable variation was found in 815N values of plant herbage (-4.5 to +0.8). The extent of isotopic discrimination was dependent on both the host plant and the infecting rhizobial strain. This further complicates, but does not invalidate, the use of small variations in the natural abundance of 15N to estimate the contribution of symbiotically fixed N2 to the N in legume herbage. Some other implications of the observed differences are also discussed.

text: Effect of rhizobial strain and host plant on nitrogen isotopic fractionation in legumes Lotus pedunculatus L., Medicago sativa L., Macroptilium atropurpureum, Glycine max, and Trifolium repens L. were grown in a N-free medium and inoculated with one of ten Rhizobium strains. Dry matter, N content, and tV5N values were determined for various plant parts. Nodules, with the exception of those from lucerne, were enriched in '5N relative to atmospheric N. Considerable variation was found in 815N values of plant herbage (-4.5 to +0.8). The extent of isotopic discrimination was dependent on both the host plant and the infecting rhizobial strain. This further complicates, but does not invalidate, the use of small variations in the natural abundance of 15N to estimate the contribution of symbiotically fixed N2 to the N in legume herbage. Some other implications of the observed differences are also discussed.

year: 1983

title: An economic analysis on internet regulation in China and proposals to policy and law makers

authors: Liao, Zhixiong (Leo)

subjects: economic analysis

abstract: China has enacted and enforced 70-more internet-regulation related pieces of laws and regulations, and the so-called ‘real name registration’ scheme is to be implemented by the end of June 2014. To date, China has established comprehensive legal framework and sophisticated multi-level law enforcement mechanism to regulate the contents on internet. This paper undertakes an economic analysis of the internet contents regulation in China, aiming to find out a possible answer to the question of whether the current regulation regime in China on internet contents is cost-effective, feasible and maintainable and hence justifiable and desirable, taking into account the short-term and long-term welfare of the community. Based on the analysis, this paper makes submissions to policy and law makers accordingly.

text: An economic analysis on internet regulation in China and proposals to policy and law makers China has enacted and enforced 70-more internet-regulation related pieces of laws and regulations, and the so-called ‘real name registration’ scheme is to be implemented by the end of June 2014. To date, China has established comprehensive legal framework and sophisticated multi-level law enforcement mechanism to regulate the contents on internet. This paper undertakes an economic analysis of the internet contents regulation in China, aiming to find out a possible answer to the question of whether the current regulation regime in China on internet contents is cost-effective, feasible and maintainable and hence justifiable and desirable, taking into account the short-term and long-term welfare of the community. Based on the analysis, this paper makes submissions to policy and law makers accordingly.

year: 2016

title: Te kura o Ruatoki 1896 - 1979

authors: Williams, Kim Reina Reremoana

subjects: Ruatoki Native School

abstract: Ko tēnei tuhinga roa e kōrero ana mō te Kura o Ruatoki i roto i te rohe o te iwi o Tūhoe. I whakatūria he kura i te tau 1896 i runga i te inoi a ngā Koroua ki te Kāwanatanga o taua wā.
Hai te Upoko tuatahi, ka whakatakotoria ngā kōrero mō te āhua o te whenua, ngā tāngata me ā rātau nekeneke. Tutū ana te puehu i runga i ngā whakatū waewae ki te iwi, ki te Pākehā hoki mō taua whenua.
Hai te Upoko tuarua ka takoto ngā kōrero mō te heke o ngā pānui o ngā inoi, ngā reta a ngā Koroua ki te Kāwanatanga mō te whakatū i tētahi Kura i Ruatoki. Te nuinga o ēnei rauemi i rangahaua, i kitea, i te Whare pukapuka o Pōneke. Ko ētahi i te Whare pukapuka o Tāmaki. Ka tau te tono, ka kitea te tūtukitanga o te ao Pākehā ki te ao Māori, otirā, kua puta te kaupapa i whakatūria ake ai te kura hei whakatangata whenua i ngā tāngata, i ngā aronga hinengaro Māori kia rite ki tō te Pākehā.
Hai te Upoko tuatoru ka tirohia ko ngā tuhinga a ngā Tumuaki mai i te tau 1896 ki te tau 1979 mō te Kura o Ruatoki. Ka kite i roto i ā rātau tirohanga te āhua o tā rātau kaihautū i te rerenga o te kaupapa nei. Ko ngā kaihautū i te waka nei, he tūmau noa nā te Kāwanatanga hai whakatō i te Pākehātanga ki roto i te whatumanawa Māori.
He tini o te whārua i hinga i roto i ēnei tau i runga i ngā mate urutī, mate tauhou i pā ki roto i te whārua. Ahakoa tērā ka tukuna tonu ngā tamariki ki te kura i runga i te whakapono he oranga ka puta mai i reira. I te tau 1946 ka tū he kura tuarua, he Māori District High School. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki o Tawera rāua ko Ruatoki i haere mai ki tēnei kura. Tokoiti ia tau i whiwhi karahipi mō te haere ki ngā kura hāhi o Tīpene rāua ko Wikitōria. Tērā pea he tango atu i ēnei tamariki mai i ngā āhuatanga Māori o te whārua.
Hai te upoko tuawhā, ka whakakorehia te kura tuarua. Ko ngā take mō te katinga ka āta whakamāramahia. He mahi nanakia nā te tari Mātauranga me āna āpiha i runga i ngā nekeneke mō tēnei kaupapa.
Hai te Upoko tuarima ka whakarerekēhia ngā marautanga ako kia tau ko te kaupapa ako i roto i ngā reo e rua ki roto i te kura. He whakautu tēnei i te kōrero a Richard Benton o te N.Z.C.E.R e kī ana, "Kāore e roa ka ngaro te reo Māori." Koinei te wā i whakapihihia ake ai te kaupapa ako i roto i ngā reo e rua, ā, ka tiritiria ko te kaupapa Rumaki Reo.
Hai te Upoko tuaono ko te kōhuretanga o te kaupapa Māori me te puāwaitanga o ngā hinengaro me ngā wairua o ngā tamariki ki te āhua o te ako i ā rātau mahi i roto i tō rātau ake reo. I tīmatahia te kaupapa i te tau 1977. Tae rawa atu ki ngā tau o muri mai kua kitea kē te huringa o ngā ngākau ki te ako.
Hai te Upoko tuawhitu ka whakaatahia mai ngā whakanekeneke i raro i tēnei kaupapa. He nui ngā tutukitanga ki ngā ture i te whakatūtanga o ngā Kura mō Āpōpō.
Hei whakarāpopototanga i ngā moemoeā me ngā tūmanako ka titiro ake ki ngā waru tekau tau kua pahemo. Kua turuki ki te pō, ki te ao. Kua noho te pukenga o te kupu kōrero, kua taipū ngā kaupapa. Ko taku mahi he whakarārangi i ngā pikinga i ngā hekenga i ngā āhuatanga katoa i mahia i roto i tēnei kura mai kore ka kitea atu he māramatanga he huarahi rānei e tiketike ake ai ngā mahi ako, ngā akoranga, ki ēnei o ā tātau mokopuna o Ngāi Tūhoe e tipu mai nei. Nō reira ka hoki rawa ngā kauhau ki ērā i whakatakotohia mai e ngā mātua tīpuna. Ka tīkina atu te kōrero i reira hai whakatinana i ngā tūmanako mō te wharekura o Ruatoki i tēnei wā.

text: Te kura o Ruatoki 1896 - 1979 Ko tēnei tuhinga roa e kōrero ana mō te Kura o Ruatoki i roto i te rohe o te iwi o Tūhoe. I whakatūria he kura i te tau 1896 i runga i te inoi a ngā Koroua ki te Kāwanatanga o taua wā.
Hai te Upoko tuatahi, ka whakatakotoria ngā kōrero mō te āhua o te whenua, ngā tāngata me ā rātau nekeneke. Tutū ana te puehu i runga i ngā whakatū waewae ki te iwi, ki te Pākehā hoki mō taua whenua.
Hai te Upoko tuarua ka takoto ngā kōrero mō te heke o ngā pānui o ngā inoi, ngā reta a ngā Koroua ki te Kāwanatanga mō te whakatū i tētahi Kura i Ruatoki. Te nuinga o ēnei rauemi i rangahaua, i kitea, i te Whare pukapuka o Pōneke. Ko ētahi i te Whare pukapuka o Tāmaki. Ka tau te tono, ka kitea te tūtukitanga o te ao Pākehā ki te ao Māori, otirā, kua puta te kaupapa i whakatūria ake ai te kura hei whakatangata whenua i ngā tāngata, i ngā aronga hinengaro Māori kia rite ki tō te Pākehā.
Hai te Upoko tuatoru ka tirohia ko ngā tuhinga a ngā Tumuaki mai i te tau 1896 ki te tau 1979 mō te Kura o Ruatoki. Ka kite i roto i ā rātau tirohanga te āhua o tā rātau kaihautū i te rerenga o te kaupapa nei. Ko ngā kaihautū i te waka nei, he tūmau noa nā te Kāwanatanga hai whakatō i te Pākehātanga ki roto i te whatumanawa Māori.
He tini o te whārua i hinga i roto i ēnei tau i runga i ngā mate urutī, mate tauhou i pā ki roto i te whārua. Ahakoa tērā ka tukuna tonu ngā tamariki ki te kura i runga i te whakapono he oranga ka puta mai i reira. I te tau 1946 ka tū he kura tuarua, he Māori District High School. Ko te nuinga o ngā tamariki o Tawera rāua ko Ruatoki i haere mai ki tēnei kura. Tokoiti ia tau i whiwhi karahipi mō te haere ki ngā kura hāhi o Tīpene rāua ko Wikitōria. Tērā pea he tango atu i ēnei tamariki mai i ngā āhuatanga Māori o te whārua.
Hai te upoko tuawhā, ka whakakorehia te kura tuarua. Ko ngā take mō te katinga ka āta whakamāramahia. He mahi nanakia nā te tari Mātauranga me āna āpiha i runga i ngā nekeneke mō tēnei kaupapa.
Hai te Upoko tuarima ka whakarerekēhia ngā marautanga ako kia tau ko te kaupapa ako i roto i ngā reo e rua ki roto i te kura. He whakautu tēnei i te kōrero a Richard Benton o te N.Z.C.E.R e kī ana, "Kāore e roa ka ngaro te reo Māori." Koinei te wā i whakapihihia ake ai te kaupapa ako i roto i ngā reo e rua, ā, ka tiritiria ko te kaupapa Rumaki Reo.
Hai te Upoko tuaono ko te kōhuretanga o te kaupapa Māori me te puāwaitanga o ngā hinengaro me ngā wairua o ngā tamariki ki te āhua o te ako i ā rātau mahi i roto i tō rātau ake reo. I tīmatahia te kaupapa i te tau 1977. Tae rawa atu ki ngā tau o muri mai kua kitea kē te huringa o ngā ngākau ki te ako.
Hai te Upoko tuawhitu ka whakaatahia mai ngā whakanekeneke i raro i tēnei kaupapa. He nui ngā tutukitanga ki ngā ture i te whakatūtanga o ngā Kura mō Āpōpō.
Hei whakarāpopototanga i ngā moemoeā me ngā tūmanako ka titiro ake ki ngā waru tekau tau kua pahemo. Kua turuki ki te pō, ki te ao. Kua noho te pukenga o te kupu kōrero, kua taipū ngā kaupapa. Ko taku mahi he whakarārangi i ngā pikinga i ngā hekenga i ngā āhuatanga katoa i mahia i roto i tēnei kura mai kore ka kitea atu he māramatanga he huarahi rānei e tiketike ake ai ngā mahi ako, ngā akoranga, ki ēnei o ā tātau mokopuna o Ngāi Tūhoe e tipu mai nei. Nō reira ka hoki rawa ngā kauhau ki ērā i whakatakotohia mai e ngā mātua tīpuna. Ka tīkina atu te kōrero i reira hai whakatinana i ngā tūmanako mō te wharekura o Ruatoki i tēnei wā.

year: 1998