title: Sexual violence: Raising the conversations, a literature review

authors: Robertson, Neville

subjects: psychology

abstract: This literature review is intended to contribute to efforts to raise awareness and
conversations around sexual violence. It is focused on men’s sexual violence against
adolescent and adult women. We begin our review by briefly considering the definition of sexual violence, its
prevalence, and its impact.
In Section 2, following the lead of public health theorists, we use an ecological
framework to discuss factors which contribute to – or are protective of – sexual
violence. That is, we adopt a multi‐level approach, considering risk factors at societal,
community, relationship and individual levels. Although we look at each of these levels
in turn, as will become evident, it is also important to consider the interactions
between levels.
In Section 3, we review evaluations of various attempts to prevent sexual violence.
Mostly, these evaluations have focused on individual level prevention efforts:
prevention at community and societal levels seem to have received little attention
from evaluators. Nevertheless, there are some useful lessons to be gained from the
evaluation literature.
In section 4, we attempt to integrate the material considered in sections 2 and 3 into a
framework proposed by the (US) National Sexual Violence Resource Center (Davis,
Parks, & Cohen, 2006). Consistent with a public health approach, the Spectrum of
Prevention is a multi‐level model.

text: Sexual violence: Raising the conversations, a literature review This literature review is intended to contribute to efforts to raise awareness and
conversations around sexual violence. It is focused on men’s sexual violence against
adolescent and adult women. We begin our review by briefly considering the definition of sexual violence, its
prevalence, and its impact.
In Section 2, following the lead of public health theorists, we use an ecological
framework to discuss factors which contribute to – or are protective of – sexual
violence. That is, we adopt a multi‐level approach, considering risk factors at societal,
community, relationship and individual levels. Although we look at each of these levels
in turn, as will become evident, it is also important to consider the interactions
between levels.
In Section 3, we review evaluations of various attempts to prevent sexual violence.
Mostly, these evaluations have focused on individual level prevention efforts:
prevention at community and societal levels seem to have received little attention
from evaluators. Nevertheless, there are some useful lessons to be gained from the
evaluation literature.
In section 4, we attempt to integrate the material considered in sections 2 and 3 into a
framework proposed by the (US) National Sexual Violence Resource Center (Davis,
Parks, & Cohen, 2006). Consistent with a public health approach, the Spectrum of
Prevention is a multi‐level model.

year: 2008-09-26

title: Re-identification of c. 15 700 cal yr BP tephra bed at Kaipo Bog, eastern North Island: implications for dispersal of Rotorua and Puketarata tephra beds.

authors: Shane, Phil A.R.

subjects: Tephra

abstract: A 10 mm thick, c. 15 700 calendar yr BP (c. 13 100 14C yr BP) rhyolitic tephra bed in the well-studied montane Kaipo Bog sequence of eastern North Island was previously correlated with Maroa-derived Puketarata Tephra. We revise this correlation to Okataina-derived Rotorua Tephra based on new compositional data from biotite phenocrysts and glass. The new correlation limits the known dispersal of Puketarata Tephra (sensu stricto, c. 16 800 cal yr BP) and eliminates requirements to either reassess its age or to invoke dual Puketarata eruptive events. Our data show that Rotorua Tephra comprises two glass-shard types: an early-erupted low-K2O type that was dispersed mostly to the northwest, and a high-K2O type dispersed mostly to the south and southeast, contemporary with late-stage lava extrusion. Late-stage Rotorua eruptives contain biotite that is enriched in FeO compared with biotite from Puketarata pyroclastics. The occurrence of Rotorua Tephra in Kaipo Bog (100 km from the source) substantially extends its known distribution to the southeast. Our analyses demonstrate that unrecognised syn-eruption compositional and dispersal changes can cause errors in fingerprinting tephra deposits. However, the compositional complexity, once recognised, provides additional fingerprinting criteria, and also documents magmatic and dispersal processes.

text: Re-identification of c. 15 700 cal yr BP tephra bed at Kaipo Bog, eastern North Island: implications for dispersal of Rotorua and Puketarata tephra beds. A 10 mm thick, c. 15 700 calendar yr BP (c. 13 100 14C yr BP) rhyolitic tephra bed in the well-studied montane Kaipo Bog sequence of eastern North Island was previously correlated with Maroa-derived Puketarata Tephra. We revise this correlation to Okataina-derived Rotorua Tephra based on new compositional data from biotite phenocrysts and glass. The new correlation limits the known dispersal of Puketarata Tephra (sensu stricto, c. 16 800 cal yr BP) and eliminates requirements to either reassess its age or to invoke dual Puketarata eruptive events. Our data show that Rotorua Tephra comprises two glass-shard types: an early-erupted low-K2O type that was dispersed mostly to the northwest, and a high-K2O type dispersed mostly to the south and southeast, contemporary with late-stage lava extrusion. Late-stage Rotorua eruptives contain biotite that is enriched in FeO compared with biotite from Puketarata pyroclastics. The occurrence of Rotorua Tephra in Kaipo Bog (100 km from the source) substantially extends its known distribution to the southeast. Our analyses demonstrate that unrecognised syn-eruption compositional and dispersal changes can cause errors in fingerprinting tephra deposits. However, the compositional complexity, once recognised, provides additional fingerprinting criteria, and also documents magmatic and dispersal processes.

year: 2003-12-01

title: Te matakite - Te kupu whakaari

authors: Temara, Pou

subjects: Matakite

abstract: Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga poto he matapaki i te matakite me te kupu whakaari, arā, he whakatakoto i tētahi tūāpapa kōrero e mārama ai te kaipānui ki te tikanga o ēnei kaupapa e rua e ai ki tā te Māori i matapaki ai. Otirā, he kōrero tā ngā iwi katoa o te ao mō te matakite me te kupu whakaari, kai tēnā iwi tāna kōrero, kai tēnā iwi tāna. Kāore tēnei tuhinga e rere ki te whakamārama i ā ētahi kōrero, engari mau tonu ki te ao Māori. Mēnā ka whakahua i ngā whakamārama a ētahi atu iwi, e whai ana kia mārama ai te tauira ki tā te Māori i kōrero ai.

text: Te matakite - Te kupu whakaari Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga poto he matapaki i te matakite me te kupu whakaari, arā, he whakatakoto i tētahi tūāpapa kōrero e mārama ai te kaipānui ki te tikanga o ēnei kaupapa e rua e ai ki tā te Māori i matapaki ai. Otirā, he kōrero tā ngā iwi katoa o te ao mō te matakite me te kupu whakaari, kai tēnā iwi tāna kōrero, kai tēnā iwi tāna. Kāore tēnei tuhinga e rere ki te whakamārama i ā ētahi kōrero, engari mau tonu ki te ao Māori. Mēnā ka whakahua i ngā whakamārama a ētahi atu iwi, e whai ana kia mārama ai te tauira ki tā te Māori i kōrero ai.

year: 2016