title: Entrepreneurship and Debt: Growth Aversion, Debt Aversion, Overconfidence, and the Effects on Small Business Credit Decisions

authors: Bell, Kendon

subjects: Entrepreneurship

abstract: Widespread empirical consistency with the pecking order theory of capital structure (Myers & Majluf, 1984) has led researchers to conclude that small and medium sized enterprises conform to this theory’s predictions. In chapter 2, a formal model is presented that allows for plausible and empirically supported psychological owner/manager objectives in addition to the profit motive. This chapter provides an alternative explanation of preferences for low leverage that does not rely on informational asymmetry, as well as predicting limits on firm sizes, and the existence of collateral.

In chapter 3, a formal model of the entrepreneurship decision with credit is presented for firms with managers who overestimate their probability of success. Explanations for credit rationing, predatory lending, and the existence of collateral are produced and the welfare implications of overconfidence are investigated in an equilibrium model. It is found that overconfidence can increase overall welfare but harms entrepreneurs who are able to engage in poor projects.

text: Entrepreneurship and Debt: Growth Aversion, Debt Aversion, Overconfidence, and the Effects on Small Business Credit Decisions Widespread empirical consistency with the pecking order theory of capital structure (Myers & Majluf, 1984) has led researchers to conclude that small and medium sized enterprises conform to this theory’s predictions. In chapter 2, a formal model is presented that allows for plausible and empirically supported psychological owner/manager objectives in addition to the profit motive. This chapter provides an alternative explanation of preferences for low leverage that does not rely on informational asymmetry, as well as predicting limits on firm sizes, and the existence of collateral.

In chapter 3, a formal model of the entrepreneurship decision with credit is presented for firms with managers who overestimate their probability of success. Explanations for credit rationing, predatory lending, and the existence of collateral are produced and the welfare implications of overconfidence are investigated in an equilibrium model. It is found that overconfidence can increase overall welfare but harms entrepreneurs who are able to engage in poor projects.

year: 2012

title: Critical assessment issues in work-integrated learning

authors: Ferns, Sonia

subjects: assessment

abstract: Assessment has long been a contentious issue in work-integrated learning (WIL) and cooperative education. Despite assessment being central to the integrity and accountability of a university and long-standing theories around best practice in assessment, enacting quality assessment practices has proven to be more difficult. Authors in this special issue on assessment highlight the need for balanced assessment approaches that reflect the highly variable experiences students encounter, and the need to keep validity and reliability paramount when constructing assessment structures. Increasingly quality and standards policies driven by more regulatory university environments are impacting on the design of assessment profiles. The value of workplace supervisors’ feedback in WIL contexts is discussed and the challenges of measuring the nuances of unpredictable, context-dependent WIL outcomes are explored. The benefits of ePorftolios are advocated and the use of these platforms as assessment tools that enable a creative way for students to provide evidence of employability capabilities highlighted.

text: Critical assessment issues in work-integrated learning Assessment has long been a contentious issue in work-integrated learning (WIL) and cooperative education. Despite assessment being central to the integrity and accountability of a university and long-standing theories around best practice in assessment, enacting quality assessment practices has proven to be more difficult. Authors in this special issue on assessment highlight the need for balanced assessment approaches that reflect the highly variable experiences students encounter, and the need to keep validity and reliability paramount when constructing assessment structures. Increasingly quality and standards policies driven by more regulatory university environments are impacting on the design of assessment profiles. The value of workplace supervisors’ feedback in WIL contexts is discussed and the challenges of measuring the nuances of unpredictable, context-dependent WIL outcomes are explored. The benefits of ePorftolios are advocated and the use of these platforms as assessment tools that enable a creative way for students to provide evidence of employability capabilities highlighted.

year: 2014

title: Strategic framing: indigenous culture, identity, and politics

authors: Schoenberger-Orgad, Michèle Anne

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This article analyses the role played by culture and the strategic communication of culture in the formation and establishment of the Māori Party. As an indigenous grassroots party, which achieved electoral success in the 2005, general election in New Zealand, the Māori Party offers an unusual case of cultural primacy as a political party for indigenous people. The Māori Party campaigned to be the first successful party to give a distinctive voice to Māori in a parliament dominated by Pakeha (New Zealand Europeans).

In examining the Māori Party's formation and campaign as a case study, the article focuses on socio-political conditions, issues of national identity, media changes, and the cultural relations between Māori and Pakeha. It pays particular attention to those that influenced public opinion during the 14 months of election campaigning. It argues that the strategic framing of the Māori Party as a movement giving a distinctive voice for Māori established the foundations for the campaign's success. In conclusion, the significance of the achievements of the Māori Party in the 2008 general election are discussed as evidence of the now distinct and recognized representation of Māori within the New Zealand democratic process.

text: Strategic framing: indigenous culture, identity, and politics This article analyses the role played by culture and the strategic communication of culture in the formation and establishment of the Māori Party. As an indigenous grassroots party, which achieved electoral success in the 2005, general election in New Zealand, the Māori Party offers an unusual case of cultural primacy as a political party for indigenous people. The Māori Party campaigned to be the first successful party to give a distinctive voice to Māori in a parliament dominated by Pakeha (New Zealand Europeans).

In examining the Māori Party's formation and campaign as a case study, the article focuses on socio-political conditions, issues of national identity, media changes, and the cultural relations between Māori and Pakeha. It pays particular attention to those that influenced public opinion during the 14 months of election campaigning. It argues that the strategic framing of the Māori Party as a movement giving a distinctive voice for Māori established the foundations for the campaign's success. In conclusion, the significance of the achievements of the Māori Party in the 2008 general election are discussed as evidence of the now distinct and recognized representation of Māori within the New Zealand democratic process.

year: 2011