title: 15 yr of interstellar neutral hydrogen observed with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer

authors: Galli, A

abstract: The interactions of our heliosphere with the surrounding local interstellar medium (LISM) lead to a range of observable phenomena such as energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the boundary regions of the heliosphere and the influx of interstellar neutrals (ISNs) into the inner solar system. Hydrogen is the dominant neutral species in the LISM, but due to ionization and radiation pressure, only a fraction of the ISN H atoms reach the inner solar system close to Earth. Monitoring this signal therefore provides observational constraints on our assumptions of the LISM and the solar-activity-dependent loss processes inside the heliosphere. The IBEX-Lo instrument on board the Interstellar Boundary Explorer has been the only instrument so far to measure ISN H atoms directly, together with ISN D, He, Ne, O, and ENAs in the energy range from tens of eV to 2 keV. This study covers 15 yr of IBEX-Lo ISN H observations, i.e., more than one solar cycle and includes two solar minima when the ISN H signal in IBEX-Lo is strongest. Despite the very intense ISN He signal, the ISN H signal can be retrieved with appropriate knowledge of the instrument, choice of optimum observation season, and supporting modeling. The retrieved ISN H signal shows a clear anticorrelation with solar activity. The resulting ISN H maps are available in orbit format and in ecliptic coordinates and will be the basis for future more detailed comparison with heliosphere models.

text: 15 yr of interstellar neutral hydrogen observed with the Interstellar Boundary Explorer The interactions of our heliosphere with the surrounding local interstellar medium (LISM) lead to a range of observable phenomena such as energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) from the boundary regions of the heliosphere and the influx of interstellar neutrals (ISNs) into the inner solar system. Hydrogen is the dominant neutral species in the LISM, but due to ionization and radiation pressure, only a fraction of the ISN H atoms reach the inner solar system close to Earth. Monitoring this signal therefore provides observational constraints on our assumptions of the LISM and the solar-activity-dependent loss processes inside the heliosphere. The IBEX-Lo instrument on board the Interstellar Boundary Explorer has been the only instrument so far to measure ISN H atoms directly, together with ISN D, He, Ne, O, and ENAs in the energy range from tens of eV to 2 keV. This study covers 15 yr of IBEX-Lo ISN H observations, i.e., more than one solar cycle and includes two solar minima when the ISN H signal in IBEX-Lo is strongest. Despite the very intense ISN He signal, the ISN H signal can be retrieved with appropriate knowledge of the instrument, choice of optimum observation season, and supporting modeling. The retrieved ISN H signal shows a clear anticorrelation with solar activity. The resulting ISN H maps are available in orbit format and in ecliptic coordinates and will be the basis for future more detailed comparison with heliosphere models.

year: 2025-04-14

title: Purification and characterization of a pepstatin-insensitive, thermostable, extracellular acid proteinase from a bacterium

authors: Prescott, Mark

subjects: proteinases

abstract: Aspartate proteinases (also referred to as acid or carboxyl) represent one of the four major classes of proteinase. Work on members of this group has centered largely around those enzymes isolated from mammalian, fungal, or plant sources. Some of these have proven to be of great economic importance, for example, the renneting enzyme, chymosin.

text: Purification and characterization of a pepstatin-insensitive, thermostable, extracellular acid proteinase from a bacterium Aspartate proteinases (also referred to as acid or carboxyl) represent one of the four major classes of proteinase. Work on members of this group has centered largely around those enzymes isolated from mammalian, fungal, or plant sources. Some of these have proven to be of great economic importance, for example, the renneting enzyme, chymosin.

year: 1992

title: Is the web being used to speak our language?

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: WWW

abstract: This paper presents results from extensive surveys of the usage of Maori language on the World Wide Web(www, Web) conducted in 1998 and 2002. Issues both supportive and detrimental relating to the use and publication of indigenous languages in the WWW will be highlighted. Specifically: how is the WWW being used to articulate the Maori language?

text: Is the web being used to speak our language? This paper presents results from extensive surveys of the usage of Maori language on the World Wide Web(www, Web) conducted in 1998 and 2002. Issues both supportive and detrimental relating to the use and publication of indigenous languages in the WWW will be highlighted. Specifically: how is the WWW being used to articulate the Maori language?

year: 2004