title: The potential for alternative materials in pavement construction

authors: Rogers, Darcy

abstract: The current materials used in pavement construction were developed in the 1930s but materials development has not kept pace with increasing traffic demands since this time. This report considers the potential for alternative materials that could offer greater performance in a pavement and meet current transport demands. In order to determine if there were opportunities for alternative materials, the performance of the current materials and associated design methodologies were reviewed. This review found that the current materials have extremely variable performance, with life spans ranging from 1 year to over 20 years and often fail due to insufficient strength in the current materials. Considering this, two key failure scenarios responsible for the majority of failures where identified: Scenario 1 – underlying material fails due to poor load spreading of the upper layers and Scenario 2 – where the upper layers fail through lack of strength or flexibility. By applying standard materials selection processes to consider materials that work under both of these scenarios it was found that wood, waste plastics and steel were options that could be considered as alternative pavement materials. It was found that three potential material configurations could be considered under each of these scenarios: homogenous materials, alternative asphalt matrices to bitumen and sandwich panels. The alternative materials outperformed the current pavement materials in terms of strength. Comparisons with the stiffness of the conventional pavement materials showed that the alternative materials were not as favourable in design methods that only consider the load spreading ability of the material (high stiffness). Field trials confirmed that materials with lower stiffness but much higher strength could offer greater performance than the current pavement materials and should be considered as alternative options to the current pavement materials.

text: The potential for alternative materials in pavement construction The current materials used in pavement construction were developed in the 1930s but materials development has not kept pace with increasing traffic demands since this time. This report considers the potential for alternative materials that could offer greater performance in a pavement and meet current transport demands. In order to determine if there were opportunities for alternative materials, the performance of the current materials and associated design methodologies were reviewed. This review found that the current materials have extremely variable performance, with life spans ranging from 1 year to over 20 years and often fail due to insufficient strength in the current materials. Considering this, two key failure scenarios responsible for the majority of failures where identified: Scenario 1 – underlying material fails due to poor load spreading of the upper layers and Scenario 2 – where the upper layers fail through lack of strength or flexibility. By applying standard materials selection processes to consider materials that work under both of these scenarios it was found that wood, waste plastics and steel were options that could be considered as alternative pavement materials. It was found that three potential material configurations could be considered under each of these scenarios: homogenous materials, alternative asphalt matrices to bitumen and sandwich panels. The alternative materials outperformed the current pavement materials in terms of strength. Comparisons with the stiffness of the conventional pavement materials showed that the alternative materials were not as favourable in design methods that only consider the load spreading ability of the material (high stiffness). Field trials confirmed that materials with lower stiffness but much higher strength could offer greater performance than the current pavement materials and should be considered as alternative options to the current pavement materials.

year: 2018

title: An enhanced MOSFET threshold voltage model for the 6–300 K temperature range

authors: Dao, Nguyen Cong

abstract: An enhanced threshold voltage model for MOSFETs operating over a wide range of temperatures (6–300K) is presented. The model takes into account the carrier freeze-out effect and the external field-assisted ionization to address the temperature dependence of MOS transistors. For simplicity, an empirical function is incorporated to predict short channel effects over the temperature range. The results from the proposed model demonstrate good agreement with NMOS and PMOS transistors measured from fabricated chips.

text: An enhanced MOSFET threshold voltage model for the 6–300 K temperature range An enhanced threshold voltage model for MOSFETs operating over a wide range of temperatures (6–300K) is presented. The model takes into account the carrier freeze-out effect and the external field-assisted ionization to address the temperature dependence of MOS transistors. For simplicity, an empirical function is incorporated to predict short channel effects over the temperature range. The results from the proposed model demonstrate good agreement with NMOS and PMOS transistors measured from fabricated chips.

year: 2017

title: An evaluation of Te Rau Puawai workforce 100: Evaluation overview

authors: Nikora, Linda Waimarie

subjects: Maori students

abstract: In July 2001, the Maori & Psychology Research Unit of the University of Waikato was asked to conduct an evaluation of the Te Rau Puawai programme, a joint venture between the former Health Funding Authority and Massey University. The overall goal of the programme is to contribute at least 100 Maori graduates to the Maori mental health workforce within a five year period. The overall aim of the evaluation was to provide the Ministry of Health with a clearer understanding of the programme including: the perceived critical success factors, the barriers if any regarding Te Rau Puawai, the impact of the programme, the extent to which the programme may be transferable, gaps in the programme, and suggested improvements. Through archival search, questionnaire surveys and interviews, evaluative data was collected from major stakeholders in the Te Rau Puawai programme.

text: An evaluation of Te Rau Puawai workforce 100: Evaluation overview In July 2001, the Maori & Psychology Research Unit of the University of Waikato was asked to conduct an evaluation of the Te Rau Puawai programme, a joint venture between the former Health Funding Authority and Massey University. The overall goal of the programme is to contribute at least 100 Maori graduates to the Maori mental health workforce within a five year period. The overall aim of the evaluation was to provide the Ministry of Health with a clearer understanding of the programme including: the perceived critical success factors, the barriers if any regarding Te Rau Puawai, the impact of the programme, the extent to which the programme may be transferable, gaps in the programme, and suggested improvements. Through archival search, questionnaire surveys and interviews, evaluative data was collected from major stakeholders in the Te Rau Puawai programme.

year: 2002-05-01