title: Studies of transformation and particle-binding of resin acids during oxidative treatment of effluent from Two New Zealand pulp mills

authors: Kanber, S. A.

subjects: resin acid transformation

abstract: Reactor studies of aerobic degradation of effluent from the first and last ponds of the treatment system of two New Zealand pulp and paper mills indicated that filterable BOD5, resin acids and transformed resin acids, free and bound, degraded at similar rates. During oxidative treatment the resin acids of untreated effluent became increasingly bound to particulate material and a sediment high in abiet-13-enoic acid was formed.

text: Studies of transformation and particle-binding of resin acids during oxidative treatment of effluent from Two New Zealand pulp mills Reactor studies of aerobic degradation of effluent from the first and last ponds of the treatment system of two New Zealand pulp and paper mills indicated that filterable BOD5, resin acids and transformed resin acids, free and bound, degraded at similar rates. During oxidative treatment the resin acids of untreated effluent became increasingly bound to particulate material and a sediment high in abiet-13-enoic acid was formed.

year: 2008

title: Pinch Analysis of an Industrial Milk Evaporator with Vapour Recompression Technologies

authors: Walmsley, Timothy Gordon

abstract: The present study focuses on applying Pinch Analysis to an industrial milk evaporator case study. Modern milk evaporators are typically integrated using both mechanical and thermal vapour recompression technologies as the primary means for attaining a high level of energy efficiency. A significant step change in energy efficiency for milk evaporators is achieved in this study by modifying the set-up of the concentration processing pathway in combination with an improved heat exchanger network design. To effectively perform the Pinch Analysis, a validated mass and energy balance model of the milk evaporator case study has been implemented in an Excel spreadsheet from which appropriate stream data may be extracted. In particular the Grand Composite Curve plays a critical role in identifying where vapour recompression units, which are a type of heat pump, may be applied to reduce thermal energy use by as much as 67 %, which represents an annual utility cost saving between 640 – 820 k$/y.

text: Pinch Analysis of an Industrial Milk Evaporator with Vapour Recompression Technologies The present study focuses on applying Pinch Analysis to an industrial milk evaporator case study. Modern milk evaporators are typically integrated using both mechanical and thermal vapour recompression technologies as the primary means for attaining a high level of energy efficiency. A significant step change in energy efficiency for milk evaporators is achieved in this study by modifying the set-up of the concentration processing pathway in combination with an improved heat exchanger network design. To effectively perform the Pinch Analysis, a validated mass and energy balance model of the milk evaporator case study has been implemented in an Excel spreadsheet from which appropriate stream data may be extracted. In particular the Grand Composite Curve plays a critical role in identifying where vapour recompression units, which are a type of heat pump, may be applied to reduce thermal energy use by as much as 67 %, which represents an annual utility cost saving between 640 – 820 k$/y.

year: 2015-08-27

title: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet

authors: Apperley, Mark

subjects: computer science

abstract: Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

text: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

year: 2002