title: Perceptions of warmth and competence conveyed by hard sell and soft sell voices: A cross-cultural study

authors: Desmarais, Fabrice

abstract: We assess the reactions of Generation Z consumers to hard and soft sell vocal styles in two countries (France and New Zealand) to understand whether the association of warmth and competence personality traits differs across countries. Results reveal commonalities and differences that advertisers should take into consideration when designing advertising vocal strategies. In both countries, the soft sell vocal style conveyed significantly more warmth than the hard sell style. Our study also reveals differences between countries with French participants having a clear preference for soft sell voices, which they rated very high in both warmth and competence, whereas participants from New Zealand found the hard sell voices significantly more competent than French participants did.

text: Perceptions of warmth and competence conveyed by hard sell and soft sell voices: A cross-cultural study We assess the reactions of Generation Z consumers to hard and soft sell vocal styles in two countries (France and New Zealand) to understand whether the association of warmth and competence personality traits differs across countries. Results reveal commonalities and differences that advertisers should take into consideration when designing advertising vocal strategies. In both countries, the soft sell vocal style conveyed significantly more warmth than the hard sell style. Our study also reveals differences between countries with French participants having a clear preference for soft sell voices, which they rated very high in both warmth and competence, whereas participants from New Zealand found the hard sell voices significantly more competent than French participants did.

year: 2025

title: Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Pliocene strata in the forearc basin (Waikoau and Waikari River catchments), northern Hawke's Bay

authors: Graafhuis, Rhys B.

subjects: Sediments

abstract: An area of over 250 km² in northern Hawke's Bay has been geologically mapped at a scale of 1:50 000, and over 1350 m of Pliocene sedimentary section described and interpreted in the Waikoau and Waikari River catchments. Two new formations and 13 members have been defined, and two formations redefined. The strata show little structural deformation
and form a shallow to moderately dipping (5°- 25°) succession on the uplifted limb of the Hawke's Bay Monocline. The rocks are of Pliocene age, ranging from Opoitian to Nukumaruan. The formations show rapid changes in thickness and lithology along strike from the southwest to the northeast, which is oblique to the depositional paleoslope.
Coarse-grained lithologies such as conglomerates and limestones typically become finergrained, less continuous and thinner towards the northeast.

In ascending order the new formations ( except where redefined) are: Titiokura Formation, Rangiora Formation, Matahorua Formation (redefined) and Waipunga Formation
(redefined). Titiokura Formation is dominated by calcareous siliciclastic sandstone and sandy limestone. The Rangiora Formation and Waipunga Formations are siliciclastic
sandstone and siltstone dominated. Matahorua Formation is dominated by siliciclastic sandstone and greywacke conglomerate.

Lithofacies analysis has been applied to the strata to establish the deposition paleoenvironments. Four lithofacies associations (siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate and
limestone) and 13 lithofacies have been identified. Interpreted bathymetric ranges for the siltstone association ranges from inner to outer shelf. The sandstone association is
characterised by massive to tabular cross-bedded sandstone interpreted to have been deposited on a shoreface to innershelf setting; storm current and tidally emplaced
tempestites and tidalities were deposited on the lower-shoreface to mid shelf; massive to horizontally bedded sandstone and silty beds were deposited on the inner-mid shelf.
Conglomerate associations are characterised by non-marine greywacke conglomerates deposited on a broad braidplain. Sandstone, siltstone and pumice conglomerate all within a
calcareous sandy matrix, are interpreted to have been deposited in tidal channels or on a beachface. The limestone association is characterised thick successions (10 - 50 m) of
sandy coquina that probably formed on the inner shelf possibly on a structural high as carbonate source areas. Thinner correlative units (50 cm - 6 m) of trough cross-bedded
sandy coquina accumulated in inner-mid shelf environments, having been reworked across the shelf from the carbonate source areas.

The successions in the four stratigraphic formations have been interpreted within a sequence stratigraphic framework and 25 sequences have been identified. Interpretation of
sequence boundaries is based on observed unconformities between lithologies, inferred unconformities between lithologies of differing paleoenvironments, and correlative
conformities.

Four typical sequence stratigraphic motifs have been interpreted from these formations. Each motif comprises three or four systems tracts: trangressive (TST), highstand (HST),
regressive (RST) and lowstand system tracts (LST). Motif 1 is representative of the Titiokura Formation, and consists of sandstone and mud drapes (TST and HST), with 
sandstone grading up into limestone (RST) having unconformable tops. Motif 2 is represent by the Rangiora Formation. This formation is comprised of thick successions
(100 m +) of interbedded sandstone and siltstone (TST), siltstone (HST), and siltstone coarsening up into sandstone (RST). The boundary on top of the RST sandstone is typically
unconformable. Motif 3 occurs in the Matahorua Formation. Siltstone or sandstone (TST), sandstone (HST), and interbedded siltstone and sandstone (RST) coarsen up into
greywacke conglomerate (LST). The sequence boundary usually lies within the top of the conglomerate between the coarse massive part and finer bedded conglomerate commonly having a heterogeneous silty-sand matrix; rarely the sequence boundary is at the vert top of the conglomerate unit. Motif 4 is represented by the Waipunga Formation. It is characterized by thin successions (10 m) of interbedded siltstone and sandstone (TST, HST) coarsening upward into sandstone (HST).

The stratigraphic evolution of each of these motifs has been interpreted within the context of an across shelf profile. Evolution of the motifs during a sea-level transgression, is
generally one of limestone deposition near the highstand shoreline. Thinly bedded tidalities, parasequences and massive sandstone with a weak backlap shellbed occur basinward in the TST. Limestone deposition near the highstand shoreline, and siltstone and thickly bedded tidalities basinward, characterise deposition during a sea-level highstand. Erosion and reworking of sediments basinwards during falling sea level conditions result in the formation of erosional sequence boundaries and the accumulation of a regressive sediment
wedge (RST). Sea-level lowstands are characterised by the deposition by greywacke conglomerate on a non-marine braidplain.

The Pliocene sedimentary succession on the western limb of the Hawke's Bay Monocline is interpreted as having been deposited in a steadily subsiding seaway (forearc basin) with uplift on its western margin. Strong storm and tidal currents reworked sediment from shallow into deeper water across a shelf. The siliciclastic sediment was sourced from
erosion in the hinterland. The compressive component within the plate boundary zone in North Island, increased around 2-3 Ma, resulting in uplift of the Axial Ranges, which
became a major sediment source. Sea-level fluctuations throughout the deposition of the sedimentary succession in the study area resulted in the development of cyclothems. The
periodicity of the cycles appears to increase from the Opoitian to the Nukumaruan, for which 6th order (41 ka) cyclicity is inferred. The bathymetric range of the cyclothems also
appears to increase from the Opoitian to Nukumaruan.

text: Stratigraphy and sedimentology of Pliocene strata in the forearc basin (Waikoau and Waikari River catchments), northern Hawke's Bay An area of over 250 km² in northern Hawke's Bay has been geologically mapped at a scale of 1:50 000, and over 1350 m of Pliocene sedimentary section described and interpreted in the Waikoau and Waikari River catchments. Two new formations and 13 members have been defined, and two formations redefined. The strata show little structural deformation
and form a shallow to moderately dipping (5°- 25°) succession on the uplifted limb of the Hawke's Bay Monocline. The rocks are of Pliocene age, ranging from Opoitian to Nukumaruan. The formations show rapid changes in thickness and lithology along strike from the southwest to the northeast, which is oblique to the depositional paleoslope.
Coarse-grained lithologies such as conglomerates and limestones typically become finergrained, less continuous and thinner towards the northeast.

In ascending order the new formations ( except where redefined) are: Titiokura Formation, Rangiora Formation, Matahorua Formation (redefined) and Waipunga Formation
(redefined). Titiokura Formation is dominated by calcareous siliciclastic sandstone and sandy limestone. The Rangiora Formation and Waipunga Formations are siliciclastic
sandstone and siltstone dominated. Matahorua Formation is dominated by siliciclastic sandstone and greywacke conglomerate.

Lithofacies analysis has been applied to the strata to establish the deposition paleoenvironments. Four lithofacies associations (siltstone, sandstone, conglomerate and
limestone) and 13 lithofacies have been identified. Interpreted bathymetric ranges for the siltstone association ranges from inner to outer shelf. The sandstone association is
characterised by massive to tabular cross-bedded sandstone interpreted to have been deposited on a shoreface to innershelf setting; storm current and tidally emplaced
tempestites and tidalities were deposited on the lower-shoreface to mid shelf; massive to horizontally bedded sandstone and silty beds were deposited on the inner-mid shelf.
Conglomerate associations are characterised by non-marine greywacke conglomerates deposited on a broad braidplain. Sandstone, siltstone and pumice conglomerate all within a
calcareous sandy matrix, are interpreted to have been deposited in tidal channels or on a beachface. The limestone association is characterised thick successions (10 - 50 m) of
sandy coquina that probably formed on the inner shelf possibly on a structural high as carbonate source areas. Thinner correlative units (50 cm - 6 m) of trough cross-bedded
sandy coquina accumulated in inner-mid shelf environments, having been reworked across the shelf from the carbonate source areas.

The successions in the four stratigraphic formations have been interpreted within a sequence stratigraphic framework and 25 sequences have been identified. Interpretation of
sequence boundaries is based on observed unconformities between lithologies, inferred unconformities between lithologies of differing paleoenvironments, and correlative
conformities.

Four typical sequence stratigraphic motifs have been interpreted from these formations. Each motif comprises three or four systems tracts: trangressive (TST), highstand (HST),
regressive (RST) and lowstand system tracts (LST). Motif 1 is representative of the Titiokura Formation, and consists of sandstone and mud drapes (TST and HST), with 
sandstone grading up into limestone (RST) having unconformable tops. Motif 2 is represent by the Rangiora Formation. This formation is comprised of thick successions
(100 m +) of interbedded sandstone and siltstone (TST), siltstone (HST), and siltstone coarsening up into sandstone (RST). The boundary on top of the RST sandstone is typically
unconformable. Motif 3 occurs in the Matahorua Formation. Siltstone or sandstone (TST), sandstone (HST), and interbedded siltstone and sandstone (RST) coarsen up into
greywacke conglomerate (LST). The sequence boundary usually lies within the top of the conglomerate between the coarse massive part and finer bedded conglomerate commonly having a heterogeneous silty-sand matrix; rarely the sequence boundary is at the vert top of the conglomerate unit. Motif 4 is represented by the Waipunga Formation. It is characterized by thin successions (10 m) of interbedded siltstone and sandstone (TST, HST) coarsening upward into sandstone (HST).

The stratigraphic evolution of each of these motifs has been interpreted within the context of an across shelf profile. Evolution of the motifs during a sea-level transgression, is
generally one of limestone deposition near the highstand shoreline. Thinly bedded tidalities, parasequences and massive sandstone with a weak backlap shellbed occur basinward in the TST. Limestone deposition near the highstand shoreline, and siltstone and thickly bedded tidalities basinward, characterise deposition during a sea-level highstand. Erosion and reworking of sediments basinwards during falling sea level conditions result in the formation of erosional sequence boundaries and the accumulation of a regressive sediment
wedge (RST). Sea-level lowstands are characterised by the deposition by greywacke conglomerate on a non-marine braidplain.

The Pliocene sedimentary succession on the western limb of the Hawke's Bay Monocline is interpreted as having been deposited in a steadily subsiding seaway (forearc basin) with uplift on its western margin. Strong storm and tidal currents reworked sediment from shallow into deeper water across a shelf. The siliciclastic sediment was sourced from
erosion in the hinterland. The compressive component within the plate boundary zone in North Island, increased around 2-3 Ma, resulting in uplift of the Axial Ranges, which
became a major sediment source. Sea-level fluctuations throughout the deposition of the sedimentary succession in the study area resulted in the development of cyclothems. The
periodicity of the cycles appears to increase from the Opoitian to the Nukumaruan, for which 6th order (41 ka) cyclicity is inferred. The bathymetric range of the cyclothems also
appears to increase from the Opoitian to Nukumaruan.

year: 2001

title: Putting Sylvia in her place: history, geographical theory and the “New” Education

authors: Middleton, Sue

subjects: Sylvia Ashton-Warner

abstract: New Zealander Sylvia Ashton-Warner, a teacher in remote rural Mori schools in the 1940s-1950s, became internationally renowned as a novelist and educational theorist. Earlier commentators portrayed her educational theory as in conflict with those of her time and place, but recent studies conceptualise them as enabled by it. While space/place has often been considered the preserve of the geographer and time that of the historian, Henri Lefebvre and others suggest that: “these issues need to be thought together rather than separately” and that macro-, meso- and micro-levels of analysis be engaged simultaneously. The author traces how conceptual, linguistic, sensory and intellectual resources of the global “New Education” movement extended into the tiny bush-encircled Mori communities in which Sylvia taught and wrote in the 1940s-1950s and surfaced in her writing. The article zooms in and out between the “the immensity of the global” (the New Education, the Second World War) and “the intimately tiny” (her classroom and home). The “data” include Sylvia's non-fiction education texts and official documents of her time: school curricula, education policy documents, Ministerial and Inspectors' reports. What Lefebvre terms a “Rhythm analysis” of Ashton-Warner's educational writing shows intermingled pulses of domestic life, routines of educational bureaucracy, cycles of nature, and cataclysms of world events. It is important for historians to study “the where rather than just the when with location and landscape central parts of the analysis”.

text: Putting Sylvia in her place: history, geographical theory and the “New” Education New Zealander Sylvia Ashton-Warner, a teacher in remote rural Mori schools in the 1940s-1950s, became internationally renowned as a novelist and educational theorist. Earlier commentators portrayed her educational theory as in conflict with those of her time and place, but recent studies conceptualise them as enabled by it. While space/place has often been considered the preserve of the geographer and time that of the historian, Henri Lefebvre and others suggest that: “these issues need to be thought together rather than separately” and that macro-, meso- and micro-levels of analysis be engaged simultaneously. The author traces how conceptual, linguistic, sensory and intellectual resources of the global “New Education” movement extended into the tiny bush-encircled Mori communities in which Sylvia taught and wrote in the 1940s-1950s and surfaced in her writing. The article zooms in and out between the “the immensity of the global” (the New Education, the Second World War) and “the intimately tiny” (her classroom and home). The “data” include Sylvia's non-fiction education texts and official documents of her time: school curricula, education policy documents, Ministerial and Inspectors' reports. What Lefebvre terms a “Rhythm analysis” of Ashton-Warner's educational writing shows intermingled pulses of domestic life, routines of educational bureaucracy, cycles of nature, and cataclysms of world events. It is important for historians to study “the where rather than just the when with location and landscape central parts of the analysis”.

year: 2011