title: Editor's note - Lakeswater Quality society 2013 Symposium proceedings

authors: Green, Anna

abstract: Editor's not for Lakeswater Quality society 2013 Symposium proceedings

text: Editor's note - Lakeswater Quality society 2013 Symposium proceedings Editor's not for Lakeswater Quality society 2013 Symposium proceedings

year: 2013

title: The potential for alternative materials in pavement construction

authors: Rogers, Darcy

abstract: The current materials used in pavement construction were developed in the 1930s but materials development has not kept pace with increasing traffic demands since this time. This report considers the potential for alternative materials that could offer greater performance in a pavement and meet current transport demands. In order to determine if there were opportunities for alternative materials, the performance of the current materials and associated design methodologies were reviewed. This review found that the current materials have extremely variable performance, with life spans ranging from 1 year to over 20 years and often fail due to insufficient strength in the current materials. Considering this, two key failure scenarios responsible for the majority of failures where identified: Scenario 1 – underlying material fails due to poor load spreading of the upper layers and Scenario 2 – where the upper layers fail through lack of strength or flexibility. By applying standard materials selection processes to consider materials that work under both of these scenarios it was found that wood, waste plastics and steel were options that could be considered as alternative pavement materials. It was found that three potential material configurations could be considered under each of these scenarios: homogenous materials, alternative asphalt matrices to bitumen and sandwich panels. The alternative materials outperformed the current pavement materials in terms of strength. Comparisons with the stiffness of the conventional pavement materials showed that the alternative materials were not as favourable in design methods that only consider the load spreading ability of the material (high stiffness). Field trials confirmed that materials with lower stiffness but much higher strength could offer greater performance than the current pavement materials and should be considered as alternative options to the current pavement materials.

text: The potential for alternative materials in pavement construction The current materials used in pavement construction were developed in the 1930s but materials development has not kept pace with increasing traffic demands since this time. This report considers the potential for alternative materials that could offer greater performance in a pavement and meet current transport demands. In order to determine if there were opportunities for alternative materials, the performance of the current materials and associated design methodologies were reviewed. This review found that the current materials have extremely variable performance, with life spans ranging from 1 year to over 20 years and often fail due to insufficient strength in the current materials. Considering this, two key failure scenarios responsible for the majority of failures where identified: Scenario 1 – underlying material fails due to poor load spreading of the upper layers and Scenario 2 – where the upper layers fail through lack of strength or flexibility. By applying standard materials selection processes to consider materials that work under both of these scenarios it was found that wood, waste plastics and steel were options that could be considered as alternative pavement materials. It was found that three potential material configurations could be considered under each of these scenarios: homogenous materials, alternative asphalt matrices to bitumen and sandwich panels. The alternative materials outperformed the current pavement materials in terms of strength. Comparisons with the stiffness of the conventional pavement materials showed that the alternative materials were not as favourable in design methods that only consider the load spreading ability of the material (high stiffness). Field trials confirmed that materials with lower stiffness but much higher strength could offer greater performance than the current pavement materials and should be considered as alternative options to the current pavement materials.

year: 2018

title: Translated identities: 'Pakeha' as subjects of the Treaty of Waitangi

authors: Goldsmith, Michael

subjects: Treaty of Waitangi

abstract: The politics of translation is clearly a perennial focus of debate in New Zealand, as shown by thematic links between the New Zealand social anthropology conferences at Waikato in 1990 and Auckland in 2004. Of the many issues of translation swirling around ongoing attempts to interpret the Treaty of Waitangi, a surprisingly neglected one concerns the identities of the people on behalf of whom the Crown signed the Treaty. The term 'Pakeha' appears only once in the Treaty, the question of whom it refers to is by no means straightforward, and it would be unwise to presume that it had the same range of meanings in 1840 as it does in present-day biculturalism. This point is demonstrated by a re-reading of historical material concerning the parties present at or implicated in the signing of the Treaty, including the so-called Pakeha Maori.

text: Translated identities: 'Pakeha' as subjects of the Treaty of Waitangi The politics of translation is clearly a perennial focus of debate in New Zealand, as shown by thematic links between the New Zealand social anthropology conferences at Waikato in 1990 and Auckland in 2004. Of the many issues of translation swirling around ongoing attempts to interpret the Treaty of Waitangi, a surprisingly neglected one concerns the identities of the people on behalf of whom the Crown signed the Treaty. The term 'Pakeha' appears only once in the Treaty, the question of whom it refers to is by no means straightforward, and it would be unwise to presume that it had the same range of meanings in 1840 as it does in present-day biculturalism. This point is demonstrated by a re-reading of historical material concerning the parties present at or implicated in the signing of the Treaty, including the so-called Pakeha Maori.

year: 2005