title: Use of video shadow for small group interaction awareness on a large interactive display surface

authors: Apperley, Mark

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper reports work done as part of the Large Interactive Display Surface (LIDS) project at the University of Waikato.  One application of the LIDS equipment is distributed meeting support.  In this context large display surfaces are used as shared workspaces by people at collaborating sites.  A meeting with start with a shared presentation document, typically and agenda document with summary and detail on agenda items as required.  During the meeting, annotations with be made on the shared document, and new pages will be added with notes and drawings. 
To prevent access collisions and generally mediate use of the shared space, mechanisms to provide awareness of actions of people at other sites are required.  In our system a web camera is used to capture a low-resolution image of the person/people near the board on each side.  Rather than transmit the image directly we computed a shadow/silhouette.  The shadow is displayed behind other screen content.  This provides awareness of position and impending write actions and allows intentional pointing to locations of the screen.  It also has the advantage of being transmitted with low bandwidth, being relatively insensitive to low frame rates, and minimizing visual interference with substantive data being displayed on the screen.

text: Use of video shadow for small group interaction awareness on a large interactive display surface This paper reports work done as part of the Large Interactive Display Surface (LIDS) project at the University of Waikato.  One application of the LIDS equipment is distributed meeting support.  In this context large display surfaces are used as shared workspaces by people at collaborating sites.  A meeting with start with a shared presentation document, typically and agenda document with summary and detail on agenda items as required.  During the meeting, annotations with be made on the shared document, and new pages will be added with notes and drawings. 
To prevent access collisions and generally mediate use of the shared space, mechanisms to provide awareness of actions of people at other sites are required.  In our system a web camera is used to capture a low-resolution image of the person/people near the board on each side.  Rather than transmit the image directly we computed a shadow/silhouette.  The shadow is displayed behind other screen content.  This provides awareness of position and impending write actions and allows intentional pointing to locations of the screen.  It also has the advantage of being transmitted with low bandwidth, being relatively insensitive to low frame rates, and minimizing visual interference with substantive data being displayed on the screen.

year: 2002-07

title: Program Development and Specification Refinement in the Schema Calculus

authors: Henson, Martin C.

subjects: computer science

abstract: We introduce a framework for program development and specification refinement in the schema calculus of Z. We provide illustrative examples outlining the major design decisions based on an interpretation of operation schemas as sets of programs.

text: Program Development and Specification Refinement in the Schema Calculus We introduce a framework for program development and specification refinement in the schema calculus of Z. We provide illustrative examples outlining the major design decisions based on an interpretation of operation schemas as sets of programs.

year: 2000

title: Weaving Mana Wahine and Masi methodology: Centring the embodied experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine in physical activity and everyday life

authors: Nemani, Mihi Joy

subjects: Aotearoa New Zealand

abstract: Young Indigenous Māori and Pasifika wāhine (women) in Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa) have too often been framed as vulnerable, ‘at risk’ and problematic in the media, policy and research. This thesis moves beyond these deficit framings and uses an Indigenous feminist, strengths-based approach by centring the voices and lived experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine who are agentic in their everyday lives, celebrate their strong brown bodies and are physically active. 

Being an Indigenous feminist early career researcher of Māori-Samoan ancestry, I intentionally weave Mana Wahine (Māori) and Masi (Pasifika) methodologies throughout all aspects of this research. Employing wānanga (focus group discussions), individual interviews and digital methods, I gather knowledge from a total of 31 young Māori and Pasifika wāhine residing in two low socio-economic urban regions (Porirua and South Auckland) in Te Ika-a-Maui, the North Island of Aotearoa. Centring their voices and lived experiences, I examine how the young wāhine embrace and weave their intersectional identities with culture, body image and physical activity. 

This is a PhD with publication. It begins with an introductory chapter and a literature review chapter that locates the project in the context of Aotearoa and the local and international literature. In the methods chapter, which is a published article, I focus on the importance of creating culturally safe and supportive spaces for young wāhine to participate in research that feels meaningful to them. The empirical chapters are presented in three different manuscripts. Chapter Four contains a manuscript (currently under review) that focuses on the intersectional identities of the young wāhine. It is structured using three key themes, including 1) ethnic and cultural identities, 2) navigating, and 3) how they embrace cultural pride, particularly through family values, customs and responsibilities. Chapter Five is a published manuscript that explores body image through an intersectional Indigenous feminist lens. This publication examines cultural perspectives that influence their views on body image and provides insights into how the young wāhine navigate body image stereotypes. Chapter six is the final empirical manuscript (currently under review) that evaluates the motivations the young wāhine have for participation in physical activity. It examines the types of activities they enjoy and provides insights into how and why they use cultural knowledge as a motivator for participation.

This research contributes to international literature conducted with, for and by Indigenous feminist scholars on young women’s identities, body image and physical activity. It responds to the limited academic scholarship that explores the lived experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine in Aotearoa and their nuanced cultural knowledge of their bodies. In so doing, this research offers insights and new ways of understanding the complex lives of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine, and highlights the importance of intersectional approaches and localized Indigenous methods that listen to, and amplify the voices of young wāhine.

text: Weaving Mana Wahine and Masi methodology: Centring the embodied experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine in physical activity and everyday life Young Indigenous Māori and Pasifika wāhine (women) in Aotearoa New Zealand (hereafter Aotearoa) have too often been framed as vulnerable, ‘at risk’ and problematic in the media, policy and research. This thesis moves beyond these deficit framings and uses an Indigenous feminist, strengths-based approach by centring the voices and lived experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine who are agentic in their everyday lives, celebrate their strong brown bodies and are physically active. 

Being an Indigenous feminist early career researcher of Māori-Samoan ancestry, I intentionally weave Mana Wahine (Māori) and Masi (Pasifika) methodologies throughout all aspects of this research. Employing wānanga (focus group discussions), individual interviews and digital methods, I gather knowledge from a total of 31 young Māori and Pasifika wāhine residing in two low socio-economic urban regions (Porirua and South Auckland) in Te Ika-a-Maui, the North Island of Aotearoa. Centring their voices and lived experiences, I examine how the young wāhine embrace and weave their intersectional identities with culture, body image and physical activity. 

This is a PhD with publication. It begins with an introductory chapter and a literature review chapter that locates the project in the context of Aotearoa and the local and international literature. In the methods chapter, which is a published article, I focus on the importance of creating culturally safe and supportive spaces for young wāhine to participate in research that feels meaningful to them. The empirical chapters are presented in three different manuscripts. Chapter Four contains a manuscript (currently under review) that focuses on the intersectional identities of the young wāhine. It is structured using three key themes, including 1) ethnic and cultural identities, 2) navigating, and 3) how they embrace cultural pride, particularly through family values, customs and responsibilities. Chapter Five is a published manuscript that explores body image through an intersectional Indigenous feminist lens. This publication examines cultural perspectives that influence their views on body image and provides insights into how the young wāhine navigate body image stereotypes. Chapter six is the final empirical manuscript (currently under review) that evaluates the motivations the young wāhine have for participation in physical activity. It examines the types of activities they enjoy and provides insights into how and why they use cultural knowledge as a motivator for participation.

This research contributes to international literature conducted with, for and by Indigenous feminist scholars on young women’s identities, body image and physical activity. It responds to the limited academic scholarship that explores the lived experiences of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine in Aotearoa and their nuanced cultural knowledge of their bodies. In so doing, this research offers insights and new ways of understanding the complex lives of young Māori and Pasifika wāhine, and highlights the importance of intersectional approaches and localized Indigenous methods that listen to, and amplify the voices of young wāhine.

year: 2024-10-20