title: Flow maldistribution in industrial air heaters and its effect on heat transfer

authors: Atkins, Martin John

abstract: Flow maldistribution in cross-flow heat exchangers used for industrial air heaters or recuperators is fairly common and can lead to a number of undesirable effects, one of which is deterioration in the thermal performance. The effect of gross flow maldistribution and the improvement in the thermal performance of flow correction guide vanes is investigated using a laboratory heat exchanger apparatus. The thermal performance deterioration from maldistribution was up to around 30 %. Modest improvements in the overall heat transfer coefficient and heat exchanger effectiveness when vanes were used was found for the range of air-side Reynolds numbers tested. Vanes were found to reduce the deterioration in thermal performance by up to 60 % compared to a perfectly uniform flow situation. Based on the ε-NTU correlations the thermal performance deterioration is predicted to decrease as the number of tube rows (i.e. NTU) increases. The effective heat transfer area and therefore thermal performance of industrial air heaters and recuperators can be improved by using flow correction devices, such as guide vanes.

text: Flow maldistribution in industrial air heaters and its effect on heat transfer Flow maldistribution in cross-flow heat exchangers used for industrial air heaters or recuperators is fairly common and can lead to a number of undesirable effects, one of which is deterioration in the thermal performance. The effect of gross flow maldistribution and the improvement in the thermal performance of flow correction guide vanes is investigated using a laboratory heat exchanger apparatus. The thermal performance deterioration from maldistribution was up to around 30 %. Modest improvements in the overall heat transfer coefficient and heat exchanger effectiveness when vanes were used was found for the range of air-side Reynolds numbers tested. Vanes were found to reduce the deterioration in thermal performance by up to 60 % compared to a perfectly uniform flow situation. Based on the ε-NTU correlations the thermal performance deterioration is predicted to decrease as the number of tube rows (i.e. NTU) increases. The effective heat transfer area and therefore thermal performance of industrial air heaters and recuperators can be improved by using flow correction devices, such as guide vanes.

year: 2014-08-31

title: Event-based applications and enabling technologies

authors: Hinze, Annika

subjects: computer science

abstract: Event processing has become the paradigm of choice in many monitoring and reactive applications. However, the understanding of events, their composition and level of abstraction, the style of processing and the quality of service requirements vary drastically across application domains. We introduce the basic notions of event processing to create a common understanding, present the enabling technologies that are used for the implementation of event-based systems, survey a wide range of applications identifying their main features, and discuss open research issues.

text: Event-based applications and enabling technologies Event processing has become the paradigm of choice in many monitoring and reactive applications. However, the understanding of events, their composition and level of abstraction, the style of processing and the quality of service requirements vary drastically across application domains. We introduce the basic notions of event processing to create a common understanding, present the enabling technologies that are used for the implementation of event-based systems, survey a wide range of applications identifying their main features, and discuss open research issues.

year: 2009

title: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi

authors: Ngaia, Te Ingo Karangaroa Terehia

subjects: Waikato Maniapoto

abstract: Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

text: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

year: 2010