title: Browsing and book selection in the physical library shelves

authors: Cunningham, Sally Jo

subjects: computer science

abstract: Library users should be conveniently interact with collections and be able to easily choose books of interest as they explore and browse a physical book collection. While there exists a growing body of naturalistic studies of browsing and book selection in digital collections, the corresponding literature on behaviour in the physical stacks is surprisingly sparse. We add to this literature in this paper, by conducting observations of patrons in a university library as they selected books from the shelves. Our aim is to further our understanding of patterns of behaviour in browsing and selection in physical collections.

text: Browsing and book selection in the physical library shelves Library users should be conveniently interact with collections and be able to easily choose books of interest as they explore and browse a physical book collection. While there exists a growing body of naturalistic studies of browsing and book selection in digital collections, the corresponding literature on behaviour in the physical stacks is surprisingly sparse. We add to this literature in this paper, by conducting observations of patrons in a university library as they selected books from the shelves. Our aim is to further our understanding of patterns of behaviour in browsing and selection in physical collections.

year: 2013-02

title: Further examination of cross-modal association in canine (Canis familiaris) scent detection: Extending research on training dogs to identify multiple odours

authors: Lints, Jessica

subjects: conditional discrimination

abstract: Dogs' superior olfactory capabilities and trainability have led to widespread use of dogs for scent detection research and work. Previous research has largely focused on dogs' ability to detect and discriminate single odours, however more research is needed to understand dogs’ ability to use multiple sensory modalities to identify and discriminate odours. Continuing research started by Campbell- Smith (2024), the current study hypothesized, a) dogs are capable of using cross-modal association to match odours to images of shapes and b) the inclusion of an error correction procedure and physical screen border on the touch screen where the images are presented will increase dogs responding accuracy and decrease biases towards specific shapes and screen quadrants, previously observed by Campbell-Smith. Four dogs were trained using shaping and chaining to engage in a conditional discrimination task using an automated scent delivery carousel and touch screen. Challenges faced early on during the initial conditional discrimination sessions prompted the inclusion of a simple visual discrimination task and an errorless learning procedure. The findings were largely consistent with Campbell-Smith, in that all dogs had above chance (50%) accuracy rates overall, but none met the mastery criteria (80%) overall. The correction procedure and physical touch screen border did reduce overall biases in all dogs, but did not increase responding accuracy enough to meet the mastery criteria. This suggests that the procedures used in these experiments may not be optimal for training dogs to accurately match odours and visual stimuli. Alternative procedures should be investigated in the future. The current findings provide more information as to dog's cross-modal identification capabilities, as well as further understanding of dogs’ visual capabilities and a comparison of dogs’ accuracy on conditional discrimination with and without an errorless learning procedure.

text: Further examination of cross-modal association in canine (Canis familiaris) scent detection: Extending research on training dogs to identify multiple odours Dogs' superior olfactory capabilities and trainability have led to widespread use of dogs for scent detection research and work. Previous research has largely focused on dogs' ability to detect and discriminate single odours, however more research is needed to understand dogs’ ability to use multiple sensory modalities to identify and discriminate odours. Continuing research started by Campbell- Smith (2024), the current study hypothesized, a) dogs are capable of using cross-modal association to match odours to images of shapes and b) the inclusion of an error correction procedure and physical screen border on the touch screen where the images are presented will increase dogs responding accuracy and decrease biases towards specific shapes and screen quadrants, previously observed by Campbell-Smith. Four dogs were trained using shaping and chaining to engage in a conditional discrimination task using an automated scent delivery carousel and touch screen. Challenges faced early on during the initial conditional discrimination sessions prompted the inclusion of a simple visual discrimination task and an errorless learning procedure. The findings were largely consistent with Campbell-Smith, in that all dogs had above chance (50%) accuracy rates overall, but none met the mastery criteria (80%) overall. The correction procedure and physical touch screen border did reduce overall biases in all dogs, but did not increase responding accuracy enough to meet the mastery criteria. This suggests that the procedures used in these experiments may not be optimal for training dogs to accurately match odours and visual stimuli. Alternative procedures should be investigated in the future. The current findings provide more information as to dog's cross-modal identification capabilities, as well as further understanding of dogs’ visual capabilities and a comparison of dogs’ accuracy on conditional discrimination with and without an errorless learning procedure.

year: 2025

title: Developing community and social psychology for Aotearoa: Experiences from a New Zealand programme of indigenization

authors: Thomas, David R.

subjects: indigenous psychology

abstract: Experiences related to developing an indigenous community and social psychology
in the teaching of psychology at the University of Waikato in Aotearoa/New Zealand
are described. The process of localization emphasizes the need to interpret
"universal" concepts in terms of local cultural patterns and to elaborate psychological
concepts derived from the cultures of indigenous peoples. The localization of
psychology in New Zealand involves: (a) differences between the dominant United
States cultural pattern, in which much English-language psychology is embedded,
and New Zealand cultural patterns; and (b) differences between the dominant
Pakeha (Anglo-New Zealander) cultural patterns and the cultural patterns of
indigenous Maori peoples. These cultural differences involve contrasts between
individualistic and collective conceptions of self-identities and social identities, and
alternative conceptions of community needs.
Three processes relevant to localization are outlined: socio-cultural contextualization,
agenda-setting, and knowledge of cultural styles. Socio-cultural contextualization
refers to the relevance of psychological knowledge, taught in dominant national
institutions, to local social, cultural and political systems. Agenda-setting focuses on
how the dominant themes in teaching and research within psychology are selected,
and the relevance of these themes to community needs. Knowledge of local cultural
styles is required to describe and teach professional roles that are congruent with
such cultural styles.

text: Developing community and social psychology for Aotearoa: Experiences from a New Zealand programme of indigenization Experiences related to developing an indigenous community and social psychology
in the teaching of psychology at the University of Waikato in Aotearoa/New Zealand
are described. The process of localization emphasizes the need to interpret
"universal" concepts in terms of local cultural patterns and to elaborate psychological
concepts derived from the cultures of indigenous peoples. The localization of
psychology in New Zealand involves: (a) differences between the dominant United
States cultural pattern, in which much English-language psychology is embedded,
and New Zealand cultural patterns; and (b) differences between the dominant
Pakeha (Anglo-New Zealander) cultural patterns and the cultural patterns of
indigenous Maori peoples. These cultural differences involve contrasts between
individualistic and collective conceptions of self-identities and social identities, and
alternative conceptions of community needs.
Three processes relevant to localization are outlined: socio-cultural contextualization,
agenda-setting, and knowledge of cultural styles. Socio-cultural contextualization
refers to the relevance of psychological knowledge, taught in dominant national
institutions, to local social, cultural and political systems. Agenda-setting focuses on
how the dominant themes in teaching and research within psychology are selected,
and the relevance of these themes to community needs. Knowledge of local cultural
styles is required to describe and teach professional roles that are congruent with
such cultural styles.

year: 1994-08