title: Substantive and procedural legislation in the Philippines to combat webcam-related child sexual abuse

authors: Dizon, Michael

abstract: This chapter examines the criminal laws and procedural rules in the Philippines that apply to webcam or online child sexual abuse. It analyzes the relevant treaties, legislation and case law, particularly those relating to sexual offenses involving minors and cybercrime investigations. The chapter also tackles specific legal issues concerning the use of Sweetie 2.0 in combating webcam-related child sexual abuse including child pornography, cybersex, child sex tourism, entrapment, and criminal investigations in an online context. Based on the research, many of the sex-related crimes under Philippine law can be used to investigate and prosecute the sexual abuse and exploitation of real children and minors via webcam or other similar means or media. However, most of these crimes do not apply in the case of Sweetie 2.0 because they require as an essential element for their commission the involvement of a real child or minor victim. As such, the possible crimes that may be committed in relation to Sweetie 2.0 are limited to cybersex, attempted cybersex, grooming, and luring. Also, since the general rule is that criminal investigations can only conducted when a crime has been, is being or is about to be committed, Sweetie 2.0 can only be used in the first stance to investigate these four offenses.

text: Substantive and procedural legislation in the Philippines to combat webcam-related child sexual abuse This chapter examines the criminal laws and procedural rules in the Philippines that apply to webcam or online child sexual abuse. It analyzes the relevant treaties, legislation and case law, particularly those relating to sexual offenses involving minors and cybercrime investigations. The chapter also tackles specific legal issues concerning the use of Sweetie 2.0 in combating webcam-related child sexual abuse including child pornography, cybersex, child sex tourism, entrapment, and criminal investigations in an online context. Based on the research, many of the sex-related crimes under Philippine law can be used to investigate and prosecute the sexual abuse and exploitation of real children and minors via webcam or other similar means or media. However, most of these crimes do not apply in the case of Sweetie 2.0 because they require as an essential element for their commission the involvement of a real child or minor victim. As such, the possible crimes that may be committed in relation to Sweetie 2.0 are limited to cybersex, attempted cybersex, grooming, and luring. Also, since the general rule is that criminal investigations can only conducted when a crime has been, is being or is about to be committed, Sweetie 2.0 can only be used in the first stance to investigate these four offenses.

year: 2019

title: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs

authors: Alshawaf, Arafat

subjects: Social Networking Technologies

abstract: Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

text: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

year: 2020

title: Piahana Hou: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Piahana Hou, as the half-brother of Karauna Hou, had an illustrious ancestry, but to Pakeha he was known as, briefly, the skipper of a river steamer and, for most of his life, as a labourer. His interests in several blocks of land enabled him to obtain money through selling some of his holdings, but he never became prosperous. He had minimal involvement in mining at Te Aroha.
Piahana came to prominence not as a rangatira but as a drunk, who was even involved in a bar fight at Te Aroha. Despite this weakness, his high status meant that hundreds attended his splendid tangi. Unlike some other rangatira, he did not use his status to play an important role in either Maori or Pakeha society.

text: Piahana Hou: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira Piahana Hou, as the half-brother of Karauna Hou, had an illustrious ancestry, but to Pakeha he was known as, briefly, the skipper of a river steamer and, for most of his life, as a labourer. His interests in several blocks of land enabled him to obtain money through selling some of his holdings, but he never became prosperous. He had minimal involvement in mining at Te Aroha.
Piahana came to prominence not as a rangatira but as a drunk, who was even involved in a bar fight at Te Aroha. Despite this weakness, his high status meant that hundreds attended his splendid tangi. Unlike some other rangatira, he did not use his status to play an important role in either Maori or Pakeha society.

year: 2016