title: Anisotropic viscous dissipation in transient reconnecting plasmas

authors: Craig, Ian J.D.

subjects: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)

abstract: Aims. We examine the global energy losses associated with reconnecting coronal plasmas.
Methods. Using planar magnetic reconnection simulations we compute resistive and bulk viscous losses in transient coronal plasmas. Resistive scalings are computed for the case of incompressible reconnection powered by large scale vortical flows. These results are contrasted with an example of magnetic merging driven by the coalescence instability.
Results. We demonstrate that the large scale advective flows, required to sustain resistive current sheets, may be associated with viscous losses approaching flare-like rates of 10²⁹ erg s⁻¹ . More generally, bulk viscous dissipation appears likely to dominate resistive dissipation for a wide variety of magnetic merging models. We emphasize that these results have potentially important implications for understanding the flare energy budget.

text: Anisotropic viscous dissipation in transient reconnecting plasmas Aims. We examine the global energy losses associated with reconnecting coronal plasmas.
Methods. Using planar magnetic reconnection simulations we compute resistive and bulk viscous losses in transient coronal plasmas. Resistive scalings are computed for the case of incompressible reconnection powered by large scale vortical flows. These results are contrasted with an example of magnetic merging driven by the coalescence instability.
Results. We demonstrate that the large scale advective flows, required to sustain resistive current sheets, may be associated with viscous losses approaching flare-like rates of 10²⁹ erg s⁻¹ . More generally, bulk viscous dissipation appears likely to dominate resistive dissipation for a wide variety of magnetic merging models. We emphasize that these results have potentially important implications for understanding the flare energy budget.

year: 2010

title: The craft of creative practice doctoral supervision: Invigorating a field through shared experiences

authors: Hill, Rodrigo

subjects: pedagogy

abstract: Purpose: 
Creative practice doctoral education and supervision are fields in constant flux, as they require the flexibility to engage with organic and symbiotic processes and complex systems of inquiry. As interdisciplinary educators working across the fields of media and communications studies, cultural studies, art and design, the authors reflect upon supervision experiences to generate insight into current creative practice doctoral education modes and approaches within the academy. These experiences provide tangible examples of the flexible supervision framework developed by the authors as a means to improve the doctoral experience for their students. 

Design/methodology/approach: 
By sharing the process by which this framework has developed, this paper offers a conceptual take on creative practice doctoral supervision, acknowledging a need for more engaged discussions and exploration of creative practice research and supervision approaches. The authors offer insights about the role supervisors can play in crafting methodology, catalysing innovation and supporting students as they navigate institutional processes and support structures (or the lack of). The authors argue that it is necessary to form a flexible and adaptable framework to support and sustain nuanced modes of creative practice doctoral supervision and research design. 

Findings: 
Drawing on the authors’ experiences of doctoral supervision and articulating complementary pedagogical approaches, this study offers a flexible supervision framework that provides an adaptable toolbox for supervisors of creative practice doctoral research and incorporates the idea of thinking through making. Moreover, supervisory experiences have led authors to explore ways to enable supervisors to collaborate with doctoral students in carving or weaving methodologies. 

Originality/value: 
Recognising the exploratory and fluid nature of creative practice research, this paper offers a flexible framework that enables supervisors to draw from and adapt complementary pedagogical tools through different stages of the doctoral project. While this framework supports supervisors to respond with agility and creativity as the project develops, this in turn provides an environment where students can drive the research with confidence and eventual autonomy. In addition to offering a flexible framework, this paper invites further discussions, reflections and sharing of creative practice doctoral supervision as a means to invigorate the field of supervision and improve students’ research journeys.

text: The craft of creative practice doctoral supervision: Invigorating a field through shared experiences Purpose: 
Creative practice doctoral education and supervision are fields in constant flux, as they require the flexibility to engage with organic and symbiotic processes and complex systems of inquiry. As interdisciplinary educators working across the fields of media and communications studies, cultural studies, art and design, the authors reflect upon supervision experiences to generate insight into current creative practice doctoral education modes and approaches within the academy. These experiences provide tangible examples of the flexible supervision framework developed by the authors as a means to improve the doctoral experience for their students. 

Design/methodology/approach: 
By sharing the process by which this framework has developed, this paper offers a conceptual take on creative practice doctoral supervision, acknowledging a need for more engaged discussions and exploration of creative practice research and supervision approaches. The authors offer insights about the role supervisors can play in crafting methodology, catalysing innovation and supporting students as they navigate institutional processes and support structures (or the lack of). The authors argue that it is necessary to form a flexible and adaptable framework to support and sustain nuanced modes of creative practice doctoral supervision and research design. 

Findings: 
Drawing on the authors’ experiences of doctoral supervision and articulating complementary pedagogical approaches, this study offers a flexible supervision framework that provides an adaptable toolbox for supervisors of creative practice doctoral research and incorporates the idea of thinking through making. Moreover, supervisory experiences have led authors to explore ways to enable supervisors to collaborate with doctoral students in carving or weaving methodologies. 

Originality/value: 
Recognising the exploratory and fluid nature of creative practice research, this paper offers a flexible framework that enables supervisors to draw from and adapt complementary pedagogical tools through different stages of the doctoral project. While this framework supports supervisors to respond with agility and creativity as the project develops, this in turn provides an environment where students can drive the research with confidence and eventual autonomy. In addition to offering a flexible framework, this paper invites further discussions, reflections and sharing of creative practice doctoral supervision as a means to invigorate the field of supervision and improve students’ research journeys.

year: 2025

title: Risk assessment for family violence aggressors in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Jolliffe Simpson, Apriel D.

subjects: Family violence

abstract: In recent decades Family Violence (FV) researchers have developed risk assessment instruments to enable practitioners to identify the people who are most likely to commit FV in the future, and the families who are most likely to experience ongoing harm. Indeed, risk assessments have become a standard procedure for FV practitioners who are frequently required to make decisions with potential ramifications for families’ safety and wellbeing. Yet, despite considerable developments in risk assessment research and practice, risk assessment instruments have limitations that curb their value to FV practice. In addition, such instruments should be empirically validated, but there is limited evidence for the validity of risk assessment instruments used by agencies that respond to FV in Aotearoa New Zealand. Therefore, in this thesis, we examined the risk assessment procedures that New Zealand Police and the Integrated Safety Response (ISR) used for FV, with the purpose of contributing to the evidence base about risk assessment for FV in New Zealand and identifying strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement.
This thesis contains three manuscripts either published in or submitted to peer-reviewed academic journals; as well as supplementary chapters that support, extend, and integrate the research findings. In the first manuscript, we examined the predictive validity of risk categories from the Dynamic Risk Assessment for family violence (DYRA) and Static Assessment of Family Violence Recidivism (SAFVR)—the two risk assessment instruments that New Zealand Police use when responding to FV cases—for a sample of 2,115 cases with FV episodes reported to police in Waikato and parts of Canterbury between 1 November – 9 December 2018 (1,817 of which had complete risk categories). We examined the instruments’ ability to predict recurrence (i.e., a further FV-related call for police service) at three intervals (3 days, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks), and found both instruments had a poor ability to discriminate between aggressors who had a recurrence and those who did not, with the SAFVR outperforming the DYRA, and the DYRA performing especially poorly for non-intimate partner cases, and aggressors who were Māori or women. 
In the second manuscript, we explored the risk assessments that Integrated Safety Response (ISR) triage team members conducted for a sub-sample of 842 cases with FV episodes reported to police between 1 – 14 November 2018. We examined the relationship between the factors triage teams recorded during their risk assessments and the risk categories the teams assigned, then tested the association of both the factors and categories with recurrence and physical recurrence within 24 weeks. The predictive validity of ISR triage teams’ risk categories was comparable to the results produced for the DYRA and SAFVR in manuscript one. The ISR risk categories again performed poorly for aggressors who were women, Māori, and for non-intimate partner cases; and overall, fewer than half of the factors triage teams recorded were associated with recurrence or physical recurrence. Then, in an additional chapter, we explored the triage teams’ factors’ utility for case management and found the factors could be used to create three sub-groups of cases with potential implications for their treatment and management. 
Finally, in the third manuscript, we modeled the behavioral patterns of 2,115 aggressors with a FV episode reported to police in Waikato and parts of Canterbury between 1 November – 9 December 2018, by collecting reports for further FV episodes involving those aggressors during the two years after the index episode. We used this information to describe three latent states behind the information reported to police and identified four common pathways through the latent states over time. We concluded this manuscript by discussing changes that could contribute to improvements in how risk for FV aggressors is conceptualized, assessed, and communicated in practice.
In each chapter, we discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, before integrating those findings and implications in a general discussion chapter. Taken together, the results presented herein indicate that the risk assessment instruments used in New Zealand can predict risk for FV recurrence better than chance, but that those assessments should be further developed to improve their value to FV practice and ensure they adequately capture risk for different types of FV cases and groups of people. This thesis advanced our understanding of the limitations of—and opportunities in—risk assessment research and contributed to the evidence base for risk assessment for FV in New Zealand.

text: Risk assessment for family violence aggressors in Aotearoa New Zealand In recent decades Family Violence (FV) researchers have developed risk assessment instruments to enable practitioners to identify the people who are most likely to commit FV in the future, and the families who are most likely to experience ongoing harm. Indeed, risk assessments have become a standard procedure for FV practitioners who are frequently required to make decisions with potential ramifications for families’ safety and wellbeing. Yet, despite considerable developments in risk assessment research and practice, risk assessment instruments have limitations that curb their value to FV practice. In addition, such instruments should be empirically validated, but there is limited evidence for the validity of risk assessment instruments used by agencies that respond to FV in Aotearoa New Zealand. Therefore, in this thesis, we examined the risk assessment procedures that New Zealand Police and the Integrated Safety Response (ISR) used for FV, with the purpose of contributing to the evidence base about risk assessment for FV in New Zealand and identifying strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities for improvement.
This thesis contains three manuscripts either published in or submitted to peer-reviewed academic journals; as well as supplementary chapters that support, extend, and integrate the research findings. In the first manuscript, we examined the predictive validity of risk categories from the Dynamic Risk Assessment for family violence (DYRA) and Static Assessment of Family Violence Recidivism (SAFVR)—the two risk assessment instruments that New Zealand Police use when responding to FV cases—for a sample of 2,115 cases with FV episodes reported to police in Waikato and parts of Canterbury between 1 November – 9 December 2018 (1,817 of which had complete risk categories). We examined the instruments’ ability to predict recurrence (i.e., a further FV-related call for police service) at three intervals (3 days, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks), and found both instruments had a poor ability to discriminate between aggressors who had a recurrence and those who did not, with the SAFVR outperforming the DYRA, and the DYRA performing especially poorly for non-intimate partner cases, and aggressors who were Māori or women. 
In the second manuscript, we explored the risk assessments that Integrated Safety Response (ISR) triage team members conducted for a sub-sample of 842 cases with FV episodes reported to police between 1 – 14 November 2018. We examined the relationship between the factors triage teams recorded during their risk assessments and the risk categories the teams assigned, then tested the association of both the factors and categories with recurrence and physical recurrence within 24 weeks. The predictive validity of ISR triage teams’ risk categories was comparable to the results produced for the DYRA and SAFVR in manuscript one. The ISR risk categories again performed poorly for aggressors who were women, Māori, and for non-intimate partner cases; and overall, fewer than half of the factors triage teams recorded were associated with recurrence or physical recurrence. Then, in an additional chapter, we explored the triage teams’ factors’ utility for case management and found the factors could be used to create three sub-groups of cases with potential implications for their treatment and management. 
Finally, in the third manuscript, we modeled the behavioral patterns of 2,115 aggressors with a FV episode reported to police in Waikato and parts of Canterbury between 1 November – 9 December 2018, by collecting reports for further FV episodes involving those aggressors during the two years after the index episode. We used this information to describe three latent states behind the information reported to police and identified four common pathways through the latent states over time. We concluded this manuscript by discussing changes that could contribute to improvements in how risk for FV aggressors is conceptualized, assessed, and communicated in practice.
In each chapter, we discussed the theoretical and practical implications of the findings, before integrating those findings and implications in a general discussion chapter. Taken together, the results presented herein indicate that the risk assessment instruments used in New Zealand can predict risk for FV recurrence better than chance, but that those assessments should be further developed to improve their value to FV practice and ensure they adequately capture risk for different types of FV cases and groups of people. This thesis advanced our understanding of the limitations of—and opportunities in—risk assessment research and contributed to the evidence base for risk assessment for FV in New Zealand.

year: 2023