title: Where have all the flowers gone?: The wilting of university adult and community education in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Findsen, Brian

abstract: In the 1996 special issue of ACCESS a number of articles were commissioned to "provide a snapshot of the diverse field of Adult and Community Education (ACE) in this country" (Benseman and Findsen, 1996: i). within this publication, I wrote a critique of University-based Adult and Continuing Education, emphasising then current trends and issues, based on my work experience at both Auckland and Waikato universities in respective centres for continuing education (Findsen, 1996). Five years later, I constructed a more analytical critique on what had occurred at the University of Auckland's Centre for Continuing Education (CCE) subsequent to a review. The overall tone for that review was largely pessimistic, based on seemingly continual restructurings of the CCE by senior management, rendering the unit increasingly powerless in a more entrepreneurial and managerial environment (Findsen, 2001).

text: Where have all the flowers gone?: The wilting of university adult and community education in Aotearoa New Zealand In the 1996 special issue of ACCESS a number of articles were commissioned to "provide a snapshot of the diverse field of Adult and Community Education (ACE) in this country" (Benseman and Findsen, 1996: i). within this publication, I wrote a critique of University-based Adult and Continuing Education, emphasising then current trends and issues, based on my work experience at both Auckland and Waikato universities in respective centres for continuing education (Findsen, 1996). Five years later, I constructed a more analytical critique on what had occurred at the University of Auckland's Centre for Continuing Education (CCE) subsequent to a review. The overall tone for that review was largely pessimistic, based on seemingly continual restructurings of the CCE by senior management, rendering the unit increasingly powerless in a more entrepreneurial and managerial environment (Findsen, 2001).

year: 2012

title: Tertiary Education and Lifelong Learning: The Potential for a Lifelong Learing Culture within the PNG Polytehnic

authors: Toli, Raymond

subjects: Tertiary Education and Lifelong Learing

abstract: This study seeks to examine the extent of lifelong learning developments at one of the first polytechnic institutes in Papua New Guinea (PNG), with particular regard to how the existing traditional structure of vocational education and training (VET) can be redefined under the framework of lifelong learning. The notion of lifelong learning with regard to the larger framework of education is largely a foreign concept to PNG and this study examines how lifelong learning ideas are played out in one location. 
The research is primarily a qualitative case study and utilised semi-structured interviews as the main method for data collection in addition to acquiring government and institutional documents (e.g. policy and developmental plans). The research methodology was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of tertiary education and lifelong learning from the perspective of the participants involved in the study. 
The findings of the study indicate a profound lack of understanding of the concept of lifelong learning and the potential impact it can have on the provision of education and training within the PNG tertiary education system. However, in an attempt to build knowledge on this educational concept, this study has analysed themes that emerged from the staff interviews with theoretical concepts from the literature review to conclude that lifelong learning is a potentially viable option for tertiary education, in particular at this polytechnic. 
As an educational model, lifelong learning has the benefit of serving both the individual, the government and the wider society. The implications for tertiary education would be considerable, because a diverse group of learners can be given more opportunities to engage in purposeful learning activities over a lifetime. The need to redefine the purpose and role of tertiary education in PNG is strongly recommended.

text: Tertiary Education and Lifelong Learning: The Potential for a Lifelong Learing Culture within the PNG Polytehnic This study seeks to examine the extent of lifelong learning developments at one of the first polytechnic institutes in Papua New Guinea (PNG), with particular regard to how the existing traditional structure of vocational education and training (VET) can be redefined under the framework of lifelong learning. The notion of lifelong learning with regard to the larger framework of education is largely a foreign concept to PNG and this study examines how lifelong learning ideas are played out in one location. 
The research is primarily a qualitative case study and utilised semi-structured interviews as the main method for data collection in addition to acquiring government and institutional documents (e.g. policy and developmental plans). The research methodology was chosen to gain an in-depth understanding of tertiary education and lifelong learning from the perspective of the participants involved in the study. 
The findings of the study indicate a profound lack of understanding of the concept of lifelong learning and the potential impact it can have on the provision of education and training within the PNG tertiary education system. However, in an attempt to build knowledge on this educational concept, this study has analysed themes that emerged from the staff interviews with theoretical concepts from the literature review to conclude that lifelong learning is a potentially viable option for tertiary education, in particular at this polytechnic. 
As an educational model, lifelong learning has the benefit of serving both the individual, the government and the wider society. The implications for tertiary education would be considerable, because a diverse group of learners can be given more opportunities to engage in purposeful learning activities over a lifetime. The need to redefine the purpose and role of tertiary education in PNG is strongly recommended.

year: 2015

title: Hone Werahiko: the discoverer of gold at Te Aroha

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Originally Hone Kahukahu, when he was living at Ohinemutu in the 1860s he became known as Hone Werahiko, an Arawa name he retained for the rest of his life. His father, a member of Ngati Kahungungu, had been captured by Arawa; his mother was a Waikato. A widow living at Maketu chose him as her second husband because he was ‘a good looking fellow & understood English’. 
In the late 1860s and much of the 1870s, he prospected in Hauraki and even in the King Country, and worked underground in a Thames mine, the only Maori known to have done so. But in the early 1870s he gave up mining to be a pioneer publican and storekeeper at Ohinemutu, at Rotorua. He acquired land and property there, but after his wife died he returned to prospecting full-time. 
Werahiko’s first investigation of Te Aroha was in 1877, when he was ordered off by the local hapu. He returned in 1880 as the head of a prospecting party subsidized by the government. After finding gold, he was granted the Prospectors’ Claim and, in due course, a reward, and for a time supervised its development. Investing in other claims, he traded in shares. When his discovery turned out to be a duffer, he explored other parts of the mountain, first having high hopes for the Tui portion but then, after four months of exploring over winter with the support of three other Maori, he announced the discovery of his New Find at Waiorongomai. Once again he acquired partners, mostly Paheka, and traded in shares, and for some time supervised the opening up of his new find.
Later, he was invited to prospect the King Country, but this did not eventuate. His last involvement in mining was at Karangahake. Because of the hardships of his prospecting at Te Aroha, he died at an early age, leaving a young second wife. His memory lived on, amongst Pakeha miners in particular, because he had the rare distinction for a prospector of being regarded as totally honest, and he was admired for succeeding when so many others had failed.

[Note: Especially when he first came to public attention, many Pakeha struggled with Hone Werahiko’s name, which was recorded in a variety of incorrect forms, the worst example being Hoani Whaekareka.  Even the warden at first gave his name as Hone Wharekino.  Many Pakeha found it simpler to refer to him as ‘Johnny the Maori’.  In this paper, his name is given correctly throughout.]

text: Hone Werahiko: the discoverer of gold at Te Aroha Originally Hone Kahukahu, when he was living at Ohinemutu in the 1860s he became known as Hone Werahiko, an Arawa name he retained for the rest of his life. His father, a member of Ngati Kahungungu, had been captured by Arawa; his mother was a Waikato. A widow living at Maketu chose him as her second husband because he was ‘a good looking fellow & understood English’. 
In the late 1860s and much of the 1870s, he prospected in Hauraki and even in the King Country, and worked underground in a Thames mine, the only Maori known to have done so. But in the early 1870s he gave up mining to be a pioneer publican and storekeeper at Ohinemutu, at Rotorua. He acquired land and property there, but after his wife died he returned to prospecting full-time. 
Werahiko’s first investigation of Te Aroha was in 1877, when he was ordered off by the local hapu. He returned in 1880 as the head of a prospecting party subsidized by the government. After finding gold, he was granted the Prospectors’ Claim and, in due course, a reward, and for a time supervised its development. Investing in other claims, he traded in shares. When his discovery turned out to be a duffer, he explored other parts of the mountain, first having high hopes for the Tui portion but then, after four months of exploring over winter with the support of three other Maori, he announced the discovery of his New Find at Waiorongomai. Once again he acquired partners, mostly Paheka, and traded in shares, and for some time supervised the opening up of his new find.
Later, he was invited to prospect the King Country, but this did not eventuate. His last involvement in mining was at Karangahake. Because of the hardships of his prospecting at Te Aroha, he died at an early age, leaving a young second wife. His memory lived on, amongst Pakeha miners in particular, because he had the rare distinction for a prospector of being regarded as totally honest, and he was admired for succeeding when so many others had failed.

[Note: Especially when he first came to public attention, many Pakeha struggled with Hone Werahiko’s name, which was recorded in a variety of incorrect forms, the worst example being Hoani Whaekareka.  Even the warden at first gave his name as Hone Wharekino.  Many Pakeha found it simpler to refer to him as ‘Johnny the Maori’.  In this paper, his name is given correctly throughout.]

year: 2016