title: Unsteady free surface flow induced by a line sink in a fluid of finite depth

authors: Stokes, Tim E.

abstract: The unsteady withdrawal of fluid from a reservoir of finite depth with a free surface through a line sink is considered. A numerical method is used to investigate the evolution of a free surface in several different geometric and initial configurations, and it is shown that there are some critical flow parameters at which the flow changes its nature. The existence of steady states is also considered. Results both with and without surface tension are included and placed in context with previous work. Inclusion of surface tension reveals that solutions either evolve to a steady state or drawdown. As the sink is moved off the base, the behaviour becomes consistent with flows in a fluid of infinite depth, and consequently flows can be classified as either “shallow” or “deep” depending on their drawdown behaviour.

text: Unsteady free surface flow induced by a line sink in a fluid of finite depth The unsteady withdrawal of fluid from a reservoir of finite depth with a free surface through a line sink is considered. A numerical method is used to investigate the evolution of a free surface in several different geometric and initial configurations, and it is shown that there are some critical flow parameters at which the flow changes its nature. The existence of steady states is also considered. Results both with and without surface tension are included and placed in context with previous work. Inclusion of surface tension reveals that solutions either evolve to a steady state or drawdown. As the sink is moved off the base, the behaviour becomes consistent with flows in a fluid of infinite depth, and consequently flows can be classified as either “shallow” or “deep” depending on their drawdown behaviour.

year: 2008

title: Match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes: A systematic review.

authors: Sella, Francesco Stefano

subjects: Rugby 7s

abstract: Sella, FS, McMaster, DT, Beaven, CM, Gill, ND, and Hébert-Losier, K. Match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3463-3474, 2019-Since the inclusion of rugby sevens in the 2016 Olympic Games, the popularity of women's rugby sevens has grown rapidly worldwide. This systematic review aimed to summarize the scientific literature addressing the match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes and to highlight differences between competition levels and playing positions. Four electronic databases were searched, as were the reference lists and key journals. Hedges' g effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate differences between elite and nonelite athletes, and backs and forwards. Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria and scored 68 ± 13% upon quality assessment. Comparisons between groups were restricted to variables where data were available. Greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints and accelerations, but lower physiological responses characterized international matches compared with nationals. At international level, backs demonstrated greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints, and physiological responses than forwards. Elite athletes were leaner, taller, and displayed superior physical qualities (e.g., maximal speed, power, upper-body strength, and aerobic capacity) compared with nonelite athletes. At elite level, forwards were heavier and displayed greater upper-body strength, whereas backs showed greater acceleration and maximal speed abilities. The specific match demands and physical requirements of female rugby sevens athletes competing at different playing levels and playing positions must be considered for developing effective training programs.

text: Match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes: A systematic review. Sella, FS, McMaster, DT, Beaven, CM, Gill, ND, and Hébert-Losier, K. Match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3463-3474, 2019-Since the inclusion of rugby sevens in the 2016 Olympic Games, the popularity of women's rugby sevens has grown rapidly worldwide. This systematic review aimed to summarize the scientific literature addressing the match demands, anthropometric characteristics, and physical qualities of female rugby sevens athletes and to highlight differences between competition levels and playing positions. Four electronic databases were searched, as were the reference lists and key journals. Hedges' g effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate differences between elite and nonelite athletes, and backs and forwards. Twenty-seven studies met inclusion criteria and scored 68 ± 13% upon quality assessment. Comparisons between groups were restricted to variables where data were available. Greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints and accelerations, but lower physiological responses characterized international matches compared with nationals. At international level, backs demonstrated greater running demands and intensities, number of sprints, and physiological responses than forwards. Elite athletes were leaner, taller, and displayed superior physical qualities (e.g., maximal speed, power, upper-body strength, and aerobic capacity) compared with nonelite athletes. At elite level, forwards were heavier and displayed greater upper-body strength, whereas backs showed greater acceleration and maximal speed abilities. The specific match demands and physical requirements of female rugby sevens athletes competing at different playing levels and playing positions must be considered for developing effective training programs.

year: 2019

title: Keeping Chooks at Home in the Waikato:  Exploring Postcolonial, Feminist and  Kaupapa M ori Perspectives

authors: Burnett, Zavier

subjects: Chooks

abstract: This thesis considers the narratives of eight M ori chook keepers from the Waikato rohe, Aotearoa. The Waikato rohe has been selected due to its significant history of M ori horticultural and agricultural practises, including chook keeping. 

I build on the growing corpus of m tauranga about indigenous studies. Using a postcolonial, feminist and Kaupapa M ori theoretical framework, I undertook five semi-structured interviews and one focus r p  with M ori kaum tua. This thesis does not attempt to represent all M ori. There may be considerable difference between wh nau, hap  and iwi practices. However, the rangahau provides insights into the views of eight individuals and their experiences with chooks. I have also utilised Country Calendar (1970; 1977a; 1977b and 1980) episodes and children's pukapuka such as Nanny Mihi's Garden (Drewery 2002) for the purposes of discourse analysis. 

By listening to these stories, kaupapa including race, class and ethnicity emerge that affect the participants' everyday lives as chook keepers. The participants view chooks in a variety of ways. First, as a means of food production. By integrating chooks into their communities, the participants are able to provide a nutritious and low-cost kai source for themselves and their wh nau. This attempts to at least in part address their poverty problems. Second, as a hybridised P keh  and M ori kararehe. Third, as hysterical, comical, silly and helpless. I explore these issues within the broader context of colonial, neocolonial and anticolonial practices.

text: Keeping Chooks at Home in the Waikato:  Exploring Postcolonial, Feminist and  Kaupapa M ori Perspectives This thesis considers the narratives of eight M ori chook keepers from the Waikato rohe, Aotearoa. The Waikato rohe has been selected due to its significant history of M ori horticultural and agricultural practises, including chook keeping. 

I build on the growing corpus of m tauranga about indigenous studies. Using a postcolonial, feminist and Kaupapa M ori theoretical framework, I undertook five semi-structured interviews and one focus r p  with M ori kaum tua. This thesis does not attempt to represent all M ori. There may be considerable difference between wh nau, hap  and iwi practices. However, the rangahau provides insights into the views of eight individuals and their experiences with chooks. I have also utilised Country Calendar (1970; 1977a; 1977b and 1980) episodes and children's pukapuka such as Nanny Mihi's Garden (Drewery 2002) for the purposes of discourse analysis. 

By listening to these stories, kaupapa including race, class and ethnicity emerge that affect the participants' everyday lives as chook keepers. The participants view chooks in a variety of ways. First, as a means of food production. By integrating chooks into their communities, the participants are able to provide a nutritious and low-cost kai source for themselves and their wh nau. This attempts to at least in part address their poverty problems. Second, as a hybridised P keh  and M ori kararehe. Third, as hysterical, comical, silly and helpless. I explore these issues within the broader context of colonial, neocolonial and anticolonial practices.

year: 2006