title: Determinants of timing performance on the peak procedure

authors: McHugh, Mark Edward

abstract: The performance of brown shaver hens gallus gallus domesticus, was investigated using a peak procedure as a method to examine the timing abilities of an animal. Peak procedure involves using a combination of peak interval and fixed interval trials, where the peak intervals are four to 10 times long than the FI. Responses during the longer PI trials are not reinforced and do not require a response to end the trial. The Peak procedure generates a pattern of responding that increases to a maximum at the time where behaviour is normally reinforced. The research was conducted on six domestic hens, which underwent FI schedule pretraining and then were introduced to peak testing, FI 20-s/PI 200-s, FI 40/PI 400-s and FI 20-s/PI 80-s schedules. The First 3 condition involved FI 20-s PI 200-s and FI 40-s and PI 400-s schedules, with no house light on during the sessions. The distribution showed a peak at or near the expected time to reinforcement, followed by a steady decrease in responding. The extended period of the trials showed a resonances pattern of responding during the remainder of the trial, with some birds showing resurgence. Condition 7 used FI 20 PI 200-s schedules with a houselight turn on for the whole duration. The response rate increased to the highest point at or near the expected time of reinforcement for all birds, followed by a decrease in responding to a minimum of 1 peck per second. The remainder of the trial displayed a resonances pattern of responding, with half the birds showing resurgences. Condition 8 used FI 20-s PI 200-s schedules with a houselight on during the trial and ITI and off during reinforcement. Patterns of responding were similar to what was seen in the previous conditions. The final condition used FI 20-s PI 80-s schedules with a houselight on during the trial and ITI and off during reinforcement. Responding was similar to the previous conditions with an increase in responding reaching a maximum at or near the expected time to reinforcement and a decrease followed by a resonances pattern of responding for the duration of the trial.

text: Determinants of timing performance on the peak procedure The performance of brown shaver hens gallus gallus domesticus, was investigated using a peak procedure as a method to examine the timing abilities of an animal. Peak procedure involves using a combination of peak interval and fixed interval trials, where the peak intervals are four to 10 times long than the FI. Responses during the longer PI trials are not reinforced and do not require a response to end the trial. The Peak procedure generates a pattern of responding that increases to a maximum at the time where behaviour is normally reinforced. The research was conducted on six domestic hens, which underwent FI schedule pretraining and then were introduced to peak testing, FI 20-s/PI 200-s, FI 40/PI 400-s and FI 20-s/PI 80-s schedules. The First 3 condition involved FI 20-s PI 200-s and FI 40-s and PI 400-s schedules, with no house light on during the sessions. The distribution showed a peak at or near the expected time to reinforcement, followed by a steady decrease in responding. The extended period of the trials showed a resonances pattern of responding during the remainder of the trial, with some birds showing resurgence. Condition 7 used FI 20 PI 200-s schedules with a houselight turn on for the whole duration. The response rate increased to the highest point at or near the expected time of reinforcement for all birds, followed by a decrease in responding to a minimum of 1 peck per second. The remainder of the trial displayed a resonances pattern of responding, with half the birds showing resurgences. Condition 8 used FI 20-s PI 200-s schedules with a houselight on during the trial and ITI and off during reinforcement. Patterns of responding were similar to what was seen in the previous conditions. The final condition used FI 20-s PI 80-s schedules with a houselight on during the trial and ITI and off during reinforcement. Responding was similar to the previous conditions with an increase in responding reaching a maximum at or near the expected time to reinforcement and a decrease followed by a resonances pattern of responding for the duration of the trial.

year: 2012

title: Preventing hot beverage scald injuries to young children

authors: Dekrout, Heidimarie

subjects: child safety

abstract: The focus of the research proposal was two-fold: to analyse the emphasis placed on hot beverage scald injuries to under five year olds in current public education material for parents and caregivers; and to make practical recommendations in regard to more effective educational messages and preventative behaviour. We anticipated that there would be a lack of emphasis on hot beverage scald prevention in public education material when compared to the emphasis placed on preventing other scald hazards.

text: Preventing hot beverage scald injuries to young children The focus of the research proposal was two-fold: to analyse the emphasis placed on hot beverage scald injuries to under five year olds in current public education material for parents and caregivers; and to make practical recommendations in regard to more effective educational messages and preventative behaviour. We anticipated that there would be a lack of emphasis on hot beverage scald prevention in public education material when compared to the emphasis placed on preventing other scald hazards.

year: 2003

title: A Critical Tiriti Analysis of the Treaty Statement From a University in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Hamley, Logan

abstract: Universities in Aotearoa New Zealand have been placed under the spotlight for claims of systemic racism. Following the claims made in relation to the University of Waikato in 2020 and University of Otago in 2022, universities have the responsibility to create an inclusive environment where systemic racism is dismantled, to meaningfully partner with Māori to construct a model for decolonisation, and to enhance the academic experience of Māori staff and students by weaving in mātauranga Māori into existing teaching and research practices. The University of Waikato progresses ahead of other universities in its attempt to fulfil Te Tiriti o Waitangi commitment through the introduction of the Treaty Statement. In this paper, the Treaty Statement is used as a case study to identify how universities articulate bicultural commitments. To do so, our team (consisting of Māori and tauiwi scholars) performed a critical Tiriti analysis comprising five phases to investigate the degree of alignment of the statement with Te Tiriti. The desktop analysis showed poor engagement with most Te Tiriti elements. The analysis evaluation of “good” (more than satisfactory) was measured for the consideration of “Māori exercising equitable citizenship”. This article concludes with recommendations of how universities can strengthen their practices to live up to Te Tiriti aspirations.

text: A Critical Tiriti Analysis of the Treaty Statement From a University in Aotearoa New Zealand Universities in Aotearoa New Zealand have been placed under the spotlight for claims of systemic racism. Following the claims made in relation to the University of Waikato in 2020 and University of Otago in 2022, universities have the responsibility to create an inclusive environment where systemic racism is dismantled, to meaningfully partner with Māori to construct a model for decolonisation, and to enhance the academic experience of Māori staff and students by weaving in mātauranga Māori into existing teaching and research practices. The University of Waikato progresses ahead of other universities in its attempt to fulfil Te Tiriti o Waitangi commitment through the introduction of the Treaty Statement. In this paper, the Treaty Statement is used as a case study to identify how universities articulate bicultural commitments. To do so, our team (consisting of Māori and tauiwi scholars) performed a critical Tiriti analysis comprising five phases to investigate the degree of alignment of the statement with Te Tiriti. The desktop analysis showed poor engagement with most Te Tiriti elements. The analysis evaluation of “good” (more than satisfactory) was measured for the consideration of “Māori exercising equitable citizenship”. This article concludes with recommendations of how universities can strengthen their practices to live up to Te Tiriti aspirations.

year: 2024-02-21