title: Difference in details: transfer learning case study of "cryptic" plants and moths

authors: Vetrova, Varvara

subjects: Machine learning

abstract: Can we classify species of very similar looking organisms quickly and accurately using only out of the box feature transfer? What if we only have small number of images? This experimental paper is part of on-going project on species recognition research and evaluates transfer learning and fine-tuning approaches on two highly specialized fine-grained datasets. The two fine-grained datasets were specifically assembled for the purpose of this research. These datasets consist of images of New Zealand native species of moths and ”cryptic” plants of Genus Corposma found also in New Zealand. We compare results from finetuning experiments with performance of transfer learning without fine-tuning. The latter results are based on features extracted from various levels of depth in the InceptionV3 network, including fully connected layers. The extracted features serve as inputs to a number of classification algorithms. We observe contrasting results for the two datasets. For the dataset of moths, the method based on features extracted from deep levels of the InceptionV3 network outperforms fine-tuning in accuracy (90.09% versus 87.18%). This is not the case for the dataset of cryptic plants (60.46% versus 74.37%). Despite both datasets being fine-grained in nature, these experimental differences could be attributed to intrinsically different morphology of organisms and warrant further investigation.

text: Difference in details: transfer learning case study of "cryptic" plants and moths Can we classify species of very similar looking organisms quickly and accurately using only out of the box feature transfer? What if we only have small number of images? This experimental paper is part of on-going project on species recognition research and evaluates transfer learning and fine-tuning approaches on two highly specialized fine-grained datasets. The two fine-grained datasets were specifically assembled for the purpose of this research. These datasets consist of images of New Zealand native species of moths and ”cryptic” plants of Genus Corposma found also in New Zealand. We compare results from finetuning experiments with performance of transfer learning without fine-tuning. The latter results are based on features extracted from various levels of depth in the InceptionV3 network, including fully connected layers. The extracted features serve as inputs to a number of classification algorithms. We observe contrasting results for the two datasets. For the dataset of moths, the method based on features extracted from deep levels of the InceptionV3 network outperforms fine-tuning in accuracy (90.09% versus 87.18%). This is not the case for the dataset of cryptic plants (60.46% versus 74.37%). Despite both datasets being fine-grained in nature, these experimental differences could be attributed to intrinsically different morphology of organisms and warrant further investigation.

year: 2018

title: International entrepreneurship: A critical analysis of studies in the past two decades and future directions for research

authors: Peiris, Indujeeva K.

subjects: Born global

abstract: International entrepreneurship (IE) is an emerging field with a rapidly growing body of knowledge. This paper examines gaps, issues and trends of the IE in the last two decades. First, it suggests an integrative framework based on international business, entrepreneurship, strategic management, social network and marketing theories. The suggested model highlights the significant role played by the entrepreneur/team, firm and network resources that act as antecedents to international opportunity development and value innovation. Second, it suggests four typologies of firms (born global, enduring global, early exporter and mature exporter) that can be studied under the IE theme. Finally, we discuss future research directions.

text: International entrepreneurship: A critical analysis of studies in the past two decades and future directions for research International entrepreneurship (IE) is an emerging field with a rapidly growing body of knowledge. This paper examines gaps, issues and trends of the IE in the last two decades. First, it suggests an integrative framework based on international business, entrepreneurship, strategic management, social network and marketing theories. The suggested model highlights the significant role played by the entrepreneur/team, firm and network resources that act as antecedents to international opportunity development and value innovation. Second, it suggests four typologies of firms (born global, enduring global, early exporter and mature exporter) that can be studied under the IE theme. Finally, we discuss future research directions.

year: 2012

title: The Oral Transmission of Mātauranga Māori in regard to Traditional Hokianga Stories and the Revitalization of Significant Place Names.

authors: Barnes, Maria

subjects: Hokianga

abstract: This thesis researched the oral transmission of mātauranga Māori from one generation to another with a particular focus on the significance of place names in the Hokianga area from Waimamaku through to Opononi. It also sought to understand the stories and history that accompany this area. Our oral traditions are critical in helping to define our identity as Māori, and our relationship with the land.

This thesis begins by looking at the ways in which we as Māori are connected to the land and some of our traditional values regarding cultural practices and the way our tūpuna lived.  It also shares an example of the way in which our oral traditions and histories were preserved and taught.  There is then a detailed section regarding the significance of Hokianga place names within the Waimamaku, Omapere and Opononi area of Hokianga.  This information has been provided orally from the generosity of kaumātua of our area.  Following this I have concluded by providing an overall statement about the significance of findings and outcomes of my research.

This kaupapa is important as more and more of these place names and their histories will continue to be lost if records are not kept and shared with future generations.  I also understand the importance of protecting this knowledge.  Through colonisation and over time the use of our traditional educational practices and our place names and their histories have been forgotten, watered down, and sometimes lost.  Our learning methods, histories and whakapapa constitute important elements of who we are as Māori. They recognise the past, help us to understand today and guide us into the future. 

The research strategy used in my thesis is collaborative storying co-constructed between myself the researcher and local kaumātua deemed to hold traditional knowledge of our area.  This has provided the opportunity to find out significant place names and our local histories. Prior to working on this thesis only a few names were known and understood.  However in the end we are able to get a more detailed picture of our history.  There are still plenty more place names to be found and understood.


We live and come from a beautiful place.

text: The Oral Transmission of Mātauranga Māori in regard to Traditional Hokianga Stories and the Revitalization of Significant Place Names. This thesis researched the oral transmission of mātauranga Māori from one generation to another with a particular focus on the significance of place names in the Hokianga area from Waimamaku through to Opononi. It also sought to understand the stories and history that accompany this area. Our oral traditions are critical in helping to define our identity as Māori, and our relationship with the land.

This thesis begins by looking at the ways in which we as Māori are connected to the land and some of our traditional values regarding cultural practices and the way our tūpuna lived.  It also shares an example of the way in which our oral traditions and histories were preserved and taught.  There is then a detailed section regarding the significance of Hokianga place names within the Waimamaku, Omapere and Opononi area of Hokianga.  This information has been provided orally from the generosity of kaumātua of our area.  Following this I have concluded by providing an overall statement about the significance of findings and outcomes of my research.

This kaupapa is important as more and more of these place names and their histories will continue to be lost if records are not kept and shared with future generations.  I also understand the importance of protecting this knowledge.  Through colonisation and over time the use of our traditional educational practices and our place names and their histories have been forgotten, watered down, and sometimes lost.  Our learning methods, histories and whakapapa constitute important elements of who we are as Māori. They recognise the past, help us to understand today and guide us into the future. 

The research strategy used in my thesis is collaborative storying co-constructed between myself the researcher and local kaumātua deemed to hold traditional knowledge of our area.  This has provided the opportunity to find out significant place names and our local histories. Prior to working on this thesis only a few names were known and understood.  However in the end we are able to get a more detailed picture of our history.  There are still plenty more place names to be found and understood.


We live and come from a beautiful place.

year: 2010