title: Synthesis and characterization of new trimetallic complexes with {Pt₂Au(μ-S) ₂} ⁿ⁺ (n=2, 3) cores containing C, N and N, N donor ligands

authors: White, Bradley C.

subjects: Biological activity

abstract: Reactions of the dinuclear platinum(II) sulfide complex [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄] with a range of gold(III) dichloride complexes [AuLCl ₂] containing C, N- or N, N-cycloaurated ligands L gives a new series of dicationic adducts [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄AuL] ²⁺, isolated as their PF ₆ - salts. The complexes investigated are [Au{C₆₋H ₄(CH ₂NMe ₂)-2}Cl ₂], [Au{C ₆H ₃(CH ₂NMe ₂)-2-(OMe)-5}Cl ₂], [Au{NC ₅H ₄(CH ₂C ₆H ₄)-2}Cl ₂], [Au{NC ₅H ₄(COC ₆H ₄)-2}Cl ₂] and [Au{NC ₅H ₄(CONH)-2}Cl ₂]. An X-ray structure determination on the picolinamide-derived complex [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄Au{NC ₅H ₄(CONH)-2}](PF₆) ₂ was not of sufficiently high quality for detailed discussion, but confirmed the atom connectivity. Reactions of [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄] with [AuCl ₂(bipy)]PF ₆ (L=bipy=2,2'-bipyridine) and [AuCl ₂(phen)]Cl (L=phen=1,10-phenanthroline) gives the corresponding tricationic adducts [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄AuL] ³⁺, also isolated as their PF ₆⁻ salts. The complexes are characterised by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry and microelemental analyses. Biological assay data of a selection of these new complexes towards the P388 murine leukemia cell line, as well as a range of antimicrobial tests, reveals overall low activity compared to other cycloaurated gold(III) complexes.

text: Synthesis and characterization of new trimetallic complexes with {Pt₂Au(μ-S) ₂} ⁿ⁺ (n=2, 3) cores containing C, N and N, N donor ligands Reactions of the dinuclear platinum(II) sulfide complex [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄] with a range of gold(III) dichloride complexes [AuLCl ₂] containing C, N- or N, N-cycloaurated ligands L gives a new series of dicationic adducts [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄AuL] ²⁺, isolated as their PF ₆ - salts. The complexes investigated are [Au{C₆₋H ₄(CH ₂NMe ₂)-2}Cl ₂], [Au{C ₆H ₃(CH ₂NMe ₂)-2-(OMe)-5}Cl ₂], [Au{NC ₅H ₄(CH ₂C ₆H ₄)-2}Cl ₂], [Au{NC ₅H ₄(COC ₆H ₄)-2}Cl ₂] and [Au{NC ₅H ₄(CONH)-2}Cl ₂]. An X-ray structure determination on the picolinamide-derived complex [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄Au{NC ₅H ₄(CONH)-2}](PF₆) ₂ was not of sufficiently high quality for detailed discussion, but confirmed the atom connectivity. Reactions of [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄] with [AuCl ₂(bipy)]PF ₆ (L=bipy=2,2'-bipyridine) and [AuCl ₂(phen)]Cl (L=phen=1,10-phenanthroline) gives the corresponding tricationic adducts [Pt ₂(μ-S) ₂(PPh ₃) ₄AuL] ³⁺, also isolated as their PF ₆⁻ salts. The complexes are characterised by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry and microelemental analyses. Biological assay data of a selection of these new complexes towards the P388 murine leukemia cell line, as well as a range of antimicrobial tests, reveals overall low activity compared to other cycloaurated gold(III) complexes.

year: 2013

title: Decoding injury risk: Exploring the impact of asymptomatic hypermobility on lower limb injury risk factors in young female volleyball players

authors: Hanzlíková, Ivana

subjects: Beighton score

abstract: Generalized hypermobility is associated with higher rates of musculoskeletal injuries, a trend also observed in volleyball. We aimed to investigate how asymptomatic hypermobility affects other suggested lower limb injury risk factors. Fifty female volleyball players (22 hypermobile, 28 non-hypermobile) were assessed using Beighton scores (BS) and lower limb injury risk factors based on the Landing Error Scoring System, single-leg dynamic balance, and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) for single-leg hop and triple hop for distance. Spearman’s correlations assessed relationships between BS and the risk factors, and t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests compared risk factors between non-hypermobile and asymptomatic hypermobile groups. No significant associations were found between BS and most risk factors, except for a negative correlation with the centre of pressure range of motion in the medio-lateral direction during dynamic balance on the non-dominant leg (ρ = -0.332; p = 0.015). The only significant group difference was in the LSI for single-leg hop distance, where the hypermobile group showed greater symmetry (r = 0.28, p = 0.041). The association between BS and dynamic balance was weak, with no clear difference in injury risk factors were observed between groups, suggesting hypermobile players may not need specialized training programs.

text: Decoding injury risk: Exploring the impact of asymptomatic hypermobility on lower limb injury risk factors in young female volleyball players Generalized hypermobility is associated with higher rates of musculoskeletal injuries, a trend also observed in volleyball. We aimed to investigate how asymptomatic hypermobility affects other suggested lower limb injury risk factors. Fifty female volleyball players (22 hypermobile, 28 non-hypermobile) were assessed using Beighton scores (BS) and lower limb injury risk factors based on the Landing Error Scoring System, single-leg dynamic balance, and Limb Symmetry Index (LSI) for single-leg hop and triple hop for distance. Spearman’s correlations assessed relationships between BS and the risk factors, and t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests compared risk factors between non-hypermobile and asymptomatic hypermobile groups. No significant associations were found between BS and most risk factors, except for a negative correlation with the centre of pressure range of motion in the medio-lateral direction during dynamic balance on the non-dominant leg (ρ = -0.332; p = 0.015). The only significant group difference was in the LSI for single-leg hop distance, where the hypermobile group showed greater symmetry (r = 0.28, p = 0.041). The association between BS and dynamic balance was weak, with no clear difference in injury risk factors were observed between groups, suggesting hypermobile players may not need specialized training programs.

year: 2025

title: ‘Hospitality’, boundary crossing and thresholds applied in education: Embodying manaakitanga and whanaungatanga

authors: Wright, Noeline

abstract: In everyday understanding, ‘hospitality’ refers to paid work contexts; commodities and transactional tasks. Hospitality can, however, have much broader significance. It can be understood in cultural and social terms within and beyond transactional contexts. In Māori cultural knowledge and practices for example, hospitality has reciprocal, relational nuances. Perhaps both views imply that ‘hospitality’ is an act of ‘crossing boundaries […] or thresholds’ as Still (2013: 4) suggested. Relational, reciprocal, boundary-crossing practices may also infer ritual understandings of respect, kindness, generosity and harmony. Crossing thresholds is a central concept in Māori knowledge and practices and is central to this article exploring concepts and practices of hospitality in a new primary school focused on building its practices on relational and reciprocal values. In Aotearoa New Zealand educational contexts, hospitality is a cultural, social reciprocal and relational practice. Thus, through examining ‘hospitality’, ‘borders’ and ‘thresholds’ across the boundaries of education and commerce, we hope to illuminate both connections and differences. We do so through reviewing both literature about ‘hospitality’, ‘borders’ and ‘thresholds’ and interview data from a new school intentionally valuing whanaungatanga.

text: ‘Hospitality’, boundary crossing and thresholds applied in education: Embodying manaakitanga and whanaungatanga In everyday understanding, ‘hospitality’ refers to paid work contexts; commodities and transactional tasks. Hospitality can, however, have much broader significance. It can be understood in cultural and social terms within and beyond transactional contexts. In Māori cultural knowledge and practices for example, hospitality has reciprocal, relational nuances. Perhaps both views imply that ‘hospitality’ is an act of ‘crossing boundaries […] or thresholds’ as Still (2013: 4) suggested. Relational, reciprocal, boundary-crossing practices may also infer ritual understandings of respect, kindness, generosity and harmony. Crossing thresholds is a central concept in Māori knowledge and practices and is central to this article exploring concepts and practices of hospitality in a new primary school focused on building its practices on relational and reciprocal values. In Aotearoa New Zealand educational contexts, hospitality is a cultural, social reciprocal and relational practice. Thus, through examining ‘hospitality’, ‘borders’ and ‘thresholds’ across the boundaries of education and commerce, we hope to illuminate both connections and differences. We do so through reviewing both literature about ‘hospitality’, ‘borders’ and ‘thresholds’ and interview data from a new school intentionally valuing whanaungatanga.

year: 2021-03-01