title: Charge capacity characteristics of a Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum Oxide battery show fractional-derivative behavior

authors: Wilson, Marcus T.

subjects: cs.SY

abstract: Batteries experience capacity offset where available charge depends on the
rate at which this charge is drawn. In this work we analyze the capacity offset
of a 4.8 A h lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminium oxide battery using an equivalent
circuit model of a fractional capacitor in series with a resistor. In this
case, the available charge, in theory, becomes infinite in the limit of
infinitesimal rate. We show that the fractional properties of the capacitor can
be extracted from the charge against rate plot. We then use a network of RC
elements to represent the fractional capacitor in order to simulate the data
with Matlab. We find that the fractional exponent alpha obtained in this way,
0.971, agrees with that obtained in a more traditional manner from an impedance
versus frequency plot, although the fractional capacity does not. Such an
approach demonstrates the importance of a fractional description for capacity
offset even when an element is nearly a pure capacitor and is valuable for
predictions of state-of-charge when low currents are drawn.

text: Charge capacity characteristics of a Lithium Nickel-Cobalt-Aluminum Oxide battery show fractional-derivative behavior Batteries experience capacity offset where available charge depends on the
rate at which this charge is drawn. In this work we analyze the capacity offset
of a 4.8 A h lithium nickel-cobalt-aluminium oxide battery using an equivalent
circuit model of a fractional capacitor in series with a resistor. In this
case, the available charge, in theory, becomes infinite in the limit of
infinitesimal rate. We show that the fractional properties of the capacitor can
be extracted from the charge against rate plot. We then use a network of RC
elements to represent the fractional capacitor in order to simulate the data
with Matlab. We find that the fractional exponent alpha obtained in this way,
0.971, agrees with that obtained in a more traditional manner from an impedance
versus frequency plot, although the fractional capacity does not. Such an
approach demonstrates the importance of a fractional description for capacity
offset even when an element is nearly a pure capacitor and is valuable for
predictions of state-of-charge when low currents are drawn.

year: 2021

title: EPM effects on workplace well-being: The role of personality

authors: Robinson, Christopher

abstract: Within the workplace, electronic performance monitoring (EPM) is an electronically integrated system used to assess employee behaviours and ultimately performance. Previous research indicates EPM is associated with various negative psychosocial effects due to job roles being inherently changed with the use of these systems. However, research has yet to explore whether an individual's characteristics can also be attributable for influencing these outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate whether personality factors could moderate or mediate the negative effects of electronic performance monitoring.

Using a quantitative survey methodology this project acquired 112 participants to assess the relationship between the amount of EPM they were exposed to and the levels of trust in senior management, affective commitment and self-perceived stress. The participants also completed the Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability scales from the Five Factor of Personality and a shortened version of Rotter’s Locus of Control. Regressional, Moderation, mediation and MANCOVA analysis were conducted to assess whether the personality factors held moderating or mediating attributes.

The findings indicated that greater amounts of EPM did not predict lower levels of trust, commitment or an increase in stress. Furthermore, the Conscientiousness personality factor held no bearing on the negative effects of EPM, whereas Emotional Stability moderated the effects of trust and modestly meditated commitment and stress. The Locus of Control was also found to have influenced employees’ levels of trust.

The current findings suggest the use of electronic performance monitoring does not radically change the job design to a degree where employees experience a decline in well being at work. However, whether the organisation's intention to use EPM is for supportive or punitive purposes is likely to have been a pivotal factor in how the systems are perceived. This highlights the need for policies and clear communication detailing why the information will be collected and how it will be used. In addition, some personality factors were found to modest factors contributing negative effects of EPM. In practice, this finding suggests occupations requiring intensive monitoring may be more appropriate for those with greater levels of emotional stability and who possess an internal Locus of Control.

text: EPM effects on workplace well-being: The role of personality Within the workplace, electronic performance monitoring (EPM) is an electronically integrated system used to assess employee behaviours and ultimately performance. Previous research indicates EPM is associated with various negative psychosocial effects due to job roles being inherently changed with the use of these systems. However, research has yet to explore whether an individual's characteristics can also be attributable for influencing these outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate whether personality factors could moderate or mediate the negative effects of electronic performance monitoring.

Using a quantitative survey methodology this project acquired 112 participants to assess the relationship between the amount of EPM they were exposed to and the levels of trust in senior management, affective commitment and self-perceived stress. The participants also completed the Conscientiousness and Emotional Stability scales from the Five Factor of Personality and a shortened version of Rotter’s Locus of Control. Regressional, Moderation, mediation and MANCOVA analysis were conducted to assess whether the personality factors held moderating or mediating attributes.

The findings indicated that greater amounts of EPM did not predict lower levels of trust, commitment or an increase in stress. Furthermore, the Conscientiousness personality factor held no bearing on the negative effects of EPM, whereas Emotional Stability moderated the effects of trust and modestly meditated commitment and stress. The Locus of Control was also found to have influenced employees’ levels of trust.

The current findings suggest the use of electronic performance monitoring does not radically change the job design to a degree where employees experience a decline in well being at work. However, whether the organisation's intention to use EPM is for supportive or punitive purposes is likely to have been a pivotal factor in how the systems are perceived. This highlights the need for policies and clear communication detailing why the information will be collected and how it will be used. In addition, some personality factors were found to modest factors contributing negative effects of EPM. In practice, this finding suggests occupations requiring intensive monitoring may be more appropriate for those with greater levels of emotional stability and who possess an internal Locus of Control.

year: 2020

title: Iwi interests and the RMA: An evaluation of the quality of first generation council plans

authors: Jefferies, Richard

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This working paper analyses the processes adopted by councils for involving hapū
/iwi in plan implementation, including the resource consents process. Three topic issues were investigated to assess plan implementation — urban amenity,
storm water, and issues of importance to iwi. Questions were asked about the capacity of hapū/iwi to engage in the resource consent
process, which resource issues were of concern to them, their relationship with
council and consent applicants, and their perception of the consent process. Most resources listed in the questionnaire were of concern to hapū/iwi, with water
quality, wāhi tapu and heritage the most commonly cited. In conclusion, we found a general dissatisfaction on the part of hapū/iwi with
councils’ performance with respect to both Treaty relationships and consent
processing under the RMA. A further contributing factor to the poor relationships
found between hapū/iwi and councils, was the lack of clarity over the role of hapū and
iwi in resource management. In several districts, diverging responses from hapū/iwi
and councils to questions about level of understanding and commitment suggests there
is a need for more effective communication. These problems are compounded by the
generally low capacity of hapū/iwi to participate in resource consent processes. These findings suggest that there is much to be done to improve relationships and
behaviour of these key stakeholder groups in the plan implementation process if key
provisions in the RMA related to hapū/iwi interests are to be fulfilled. The differences
shown in reciprocal perceptions have serious implications for establishing a sound
working partnership between councils and hapū/iwi in their areas. Making clear these
discrepancies is a first step towards taking the measures needed for building a better
partnership. Further, the capacity of hapū/iwi to participate could be better utilised if
there was greater integration between regional and district councils on issues of
significance and processes for iwi involvement.

text: Iwi interests and the RMA: An evaluation of the quality of first generation council plans This working paper analyses the processes adopted by councils for involving hapū
/iwi in plan implementation, including the resource consents process. Three topic issues were investigated to assess plan implementation — urban amenity,
storm water, and issues of importance to iwi. Questions were asked about the capacity of hapū/iwi to engage in the resource consent
process, which resource issues were of concern to them, their relationship with
council and consent applicants, and their perception of the consent process. Most resources listed in the questionnaire were of concern to hapū/iwi, with water
quality, wāhi tapu and heritage the most commonly cited. In conclusion, we found a general dissatisfaction on the part of hapū/iwi with
councils’ performance with respect to both Treaty relationships and consent
processing under the RMA. A further contributing factor to the poor relationships
found between hapū/iwi and councils, was the lack of clarity over the role of hapū and
iwi in resource management. In several districts, diverging responses from hapū/iwi
and councils to questions about level of understanding and commitment suggests there
is a need for more effective communication. These problems are compounded by the
generally low capacity of hapū/iwi to participate in resource consent processes. These findings suggest that there is much to be done to improve relationships and
behaviour of these key stakeholder groups in the plan implementation process if key
provisions in the RMA related to hapū/iwi interests are to be fulfilled. The differences
shown in reciprocal perceptions have serious implications for establishing a sound
working partnership between councils and hapū/iwi in their areas. Making clear these
discrepancies is a first step towards taking the measures needed for building a better
partnership. Further, the capacity of hapū/iwi to participate could be better utilised if
there was greater integration between regional and district councils on issues of
significance and processes for iwi involvement.

year: 2002-10-31