title: Putting formal specifications under the magnifying glass: Model-based testing
for validation

authors: Aydal, Emine G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: A software development process is effectively an abstract form of model transformation, starting from an end-user model of requirements, through to a system model for which code can be automatically generated. The success (or failure) of such a transformation depends substantially on obtaining a correct, well-formed initial model that captures user concerns.
Model-based testing automates black box testing based on the model of the system under analysis. This paper proposes and evaluates a novel model-based testing technique that aims to reveal specification/requirement-related errors by generating test cases from a test model and exercising them on the design model. The case study outlined in the paper shows that a separate test model not only increases the level of objectivity of the requirements, but also supports the validation of the system under test through test case generation. The results obtained from the case study support the hypothesis that there may be discrepancies between the formal specification of the system modeled at developer end and the problem to be solved, and using solely formal verification methods may not be sufficient to reveal these. The approach presented in this paper aims at providing means to obtain greater confidence in the design model that is used as the basis for code generation.

text: Putting formal specifications under the magnifying glass: Model-based testing
for validation A software development process is effectively an abstract form of model transformation, starting from an end-user model of requirements, through to a system model for which code can be automatically generated. The success (or failure) of such a transformation depends substantially on obtaining a correct, well-formed initial model that captures user concerns.
Model-based testing automates black box testing based on the model of the system under analysis. This paper proposes and evaluates a novel model-based testing technique that aims to reveal specification/requirement-related errors by generating test cases from a test model and exercising them on the design model. The case study outlined in the paper shows that a separate test model not only increases the level of objectivity of the requirements, but also supports the validation of the system under test through test case generation. The results obtained from the case study support the hypothesis that there may be discrepancies between the formal specification of the system modeled at developer end and the problem to be solved, and using solely formal verification methods may not be sufficient to reveal these. The approach presented in this paper aims at providing means to obtain greater confidence in the design model that is used as the basis for code generation.

year: 2009

title: Older workers' learning within organizations: Issues and challenges

authors: Findsen, Brian

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: As increasing numbers of older adults stay in the workforce or engage in encore careers, they are subjected to diverse issues and challenges. The new dynamics of the workplace in a global market exert pressure on older workers and employers alike in which training and development has a potentially significant function for achieving greater productivity and job satisfaction. This article discusses the changing workplace and the diverse range of learning opportunities that may be available to older workers. The article then addresses selected issues of overcoming stereotypical assumptions about the capabilities of older workers, age stratification at work, and the differing perspectives of managers and employees to learning opportunities. The article argues for a negotiated process of learning where significant autonomy is assumed by workers.

text: Older workers' learning within organizations: Issues and challenges As increasing numbers of older adults stay in the workforce or engage in encore careers, they are subjected to diverse issues and challenges. The new dynamics of the workplace in a global market exert pressure on older workers and employers alike in which training and development has a potentially significant function for achieving greater productivity and job satisfaction. This article discusses the changing workplace and the diverse range of learning opportunities that may be available to older workers. The article then addresses selected issues of overcoming stereotypical assumptions about the capabilities of older workers, age stratification at work, and the differing perspectives of managers and employees to learning opportunities. The article argues for a negotiated process of learning where significant autonomy is assumed by workers.

year: 2015

title: Te Mata Ono-The six faces of Māori broadcasting

authors: Kaire-Melbourne, Kimiora

subjects: Māori broadcasting

abstract: Māori have always been involved in media communication and from a traditional viewpoint karanga, whaikōrero, taonga pūoro, haka, waiata and mōteatea are all mediums used to share messages across a mass audience. Since the arrival of European settlers, we have seen Māori content disseminated through platforms such as newspaper, radio, and more recently via the medium of television. This particular study is concerned with the way that Māori are represented and information is shared via indigenous broadcaster, Māori Television. Using a theoretical model made up of six key components, this thesis asserts that Te Mata Ono could not only help to improve the production of Māori content but also reshape and modify the medium of television itself, to become more culturally appropriate. Ultimately, this model could guide Māori Television, outlining a Māori specific approach to broadcasting. This study is one part of a two-part study. Due to the limitations of a four-paper masters thesis, I will only be examining three elements of Te Mata Ono, which are Mata Māori, Mata ō-tua and Mata Pākehā. Another thesis that was conducted simultaneously by Te Aorere Pewhairangi explores the remaining three elements of the same model, Mata Iwi, Mata Ako and Mata Tikanga. Te Mata Ono could be applied to Māori Television, making a positive contribution to the future development of Māori broadcasting.

text: Te Mata Ono-The six faces of Māori broadcasting Māori have always been involved in media communication and from a traditional viewpoint karanga, whaikōrero, taonga pūoro, haka, waiata and mōteatea are all mediums used to share messages across a mass audience. Since the arrival of European settlers, we have seen Māori content disseminated through platforms such as newspaper, radio, and more recently via the medium of television. This particular study is concerned with the way that Māori are represented and information is shared via indigenous broadcaster, Māori Television. Using a theoretical model made up of six key components, this thesis asserts that Te Mata Ono could not only help to improve the production of Māori content but also reshape and modify the medium of television itself, to become more culturally appropriate. Ultimately, this model could guide Māori Television, outlining a Māori specific approach to broadcasting. This study is one part of a two-part study. Due to the limitations of a four-paper masters thesis, I will only be examining three elements of Te Mata Ono, which are Mata Māori, Mata ō-tua and Mata Pākehā. Another thesis that was conducted simultaneously by Te Aorere Pewhairangi explores the remaining three elements of the same model, Mata Iwi, Mata Ako and Mata Tikanga. Te Mata Ono could be applied to Māori Television, making a positive contribution to the future development of Māori broadcasting.

year: 2019