title: High-risk victims of intimate partner violence within the Integrated Safety Response pilot: An examination of psychosocial stressors and repeat victimisation

authors: Tomkins, Jordan

abstract: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social issue in Aotearoa New Zealand, especially for victims at high risk of experiencing ongoing harm–or even death–as a result of IPV. Yet there is relatively limited empirical research that quantifies the stressors faced by high-risk victims, nor investigates whether these factors predict IPV recurrence. Using Dutton’s (2006) nested ecological theory to frame this longitudinal study, we examined 165 high-risk IPV cases from the Integrated Safety Response (ISR) pilot. With a primary focus on victims, we manually coded 39 baseline variables across the individual, relationship and community ecological levels; recorded initial engagement with ISR interventions; and examined IPV recurrence reported to police during the 12-month follow up. Results demonstrated that extensive stressors were experienced by these victims and that most victims had at least one IPV recurrence reported to police during follow up. Whilst only a modest number of variables significantly predicted IPV recurrence, physical IPV recurrence or offence detection; we identified that nonfatal strangulation, victim fear, relationship status and the victim’s initial engagement with ISR interventions all uniquely predicted these outcome measures across multivariate analyses. Theoretically, we found empirical support for Dutton’s (2006) nested ecological framework, although the explanatory mechanisms for the four key predictors need to be examined in future research. Practically, improved awareness of high-risk victims’ needs can guide collaborative support responses and, among a group with several possible risk factors, identifying predictors of repeat victimisation can inform risk assessments and prevention strategies for high-risk IPV cases. Finally, we consider limitations of the current research and make several important recommendations for future research.

text: High-risk victims of intimate partner violence within the Integrated Safety Response pilot: An examination of psychosocial stressors and repeat victimisation Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social issue in Aotearoa New Zealand, especially for victims at high risk of experiencing ongoing harm–or even death–as a result of IPV. Yet there is relatively limited empirical research that quantifies the stressors faced by high-risk victims, nor investigates whether these factors predict IPV recurrence. Using Dutton’s (2006) nested ecological theory to frame this longitudinal study, we examined 165 high-risk IPV cases from the Integrated Safety Response (ISR) pilot. With a primary focus on victims, we manually coded 39 baseline variables across the individual, relationship and community ecological levels; recorded initial engagement with ISR interventions; and examined IPV recurrence reported to police during the 12-month follow up. Results demonstrated that extensive stressors were experienced by these victims and that most victims had at least one IPV recurrence reported to police during follow up. Whilst only a modest number of variables significantly predicted IPV recurrence, physical IPV recurrence or offence detection; we identified that nonfatal strangulation, victim fear, relationship status and the victim’s initial engagement with ISR interventions all uniquely predicted these outcome measures across multivariate analyses. Theoretically, we found empirical support for Dutton’s (2006) nested ecological framework, although the explanatory mechanisms for the four key predictors need to be examined in future research. Practically, improved awareness of high-risk victims’ needs can guide collaborative support responses and, among a group with several possible risk factors, identifying predictors of repeat victimisation can inform risk assessments and prevention strategies for high-risk IPV cases. Finally, we consider limitations of the current research and make several important recommendations for future research.

year: 2020

title: Mitochondrial DNA genomes of five major Helicoverpa pest species from the Old and New Worlds (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

authors: Walsh, Tom K.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Five   species of  noctuid moths, Helicoverpa armigera, H. punctigera, H. assulta, H. zea,and H. gelotopoeon, are major    agricultural pests   inhabiting various and  often   over  ‐lapping global    distributions. Visual     identification of  these    species requires a  great   deal   of  expertise and  misidentification can  have   repercussions for  pest   managementand   agricultural biosecurity. Here,    we   report on   the   complete mitochondrial ge ‐nomes of H. assulta assulta and H. assulta afra, H. gelotopoeon,  H. punctigera,  H. zea, and H. armigera armigeraand H. armigera conferta’assembled from   high‐throughputsequencing data.    This   study    significantly increases the   mitogenome resources for  these   five   agricultural pests    with   sequences assembled from   across    different conti   ‐nents,     including an H. armigeraindividual collected from  an invasive population in Brazil. We   infer    the   phylogenetic relationships of  these    five Helicoverpa speciesbased    on   the   13   mitochondrial DNA    protein‐coding genes    (PCG's) and   show    that   two   publicly available mitogenomes of H. assulta (KP015198 and   KR149448) have   been    misidentified or  incorrectly assembled. We   further consolidate existing PCR‐RFLP    methods to  cover    all   five Helicoverpa pest   species, providing an  updatedmethod that   will   contribute to  species differentiation and   to  future     monitoring ef ‐forts    of Helicoverpa pest    species across     different continents. We   discuss the   value   of Helicoverpa mitogenomes to  assist    with   species identification in  view   of  the   con  ‐text   of  the   rapid    spread of H. armigera in the  New   World.     With   this   work,    we  providethe   molecular resources necessary for   future    studies of  the   evolutionary history and  ecology of these species.

text: Mitochondrial DNA genomes of five major Helicoverpa pest species from the Old and New Worlds (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Five   species of  noctuid moths, Helicoverpa armigera, H. punctigera, H. assulta, H. zea,and H. gelotopoeon, are major    agricultural pests   inhabiting various and  often   over  ‐lapping global    distributions. Visual     identification of  these    species requires a  great   deal   of  expertise and  misidentification can  have   repercussions for  pest   managementand   agricultural biosecurity. Here,    we   report on   the   complete mitochondrial ge ‐nomes of H. assulta assulta and H. assulta afra, H. gelotopoeon,  H. punctigera,  H. zea, and H. armigera armigeraand H. armigera conferta’assembled from   high‐throughputsequencing data.    This   study    significantly increases the   mitogenome resources for  these   five   agricultural pests    with   sequences assembled from   across    different conti   ‐nents,     including an H. armigeraindividual collected from  an invasive population in Brazil. We   infer    the   phylogenetic relationships of  these    five Helicoverpa speciesbased    on   the   13   mitochondrial DNA    protein‐coding genes    (PCG's) and   show    that   two   publicly available mitogenomes of H. assulta (KP015198 and   KR149448) have   been    misidentified or  incorrectly assembled. We   further consolidate existing PCR‐RFLP    methods to  cover    all   five Helicoverpa pest   species, providing an  updatedmethod that   will   contribute to  species differentiation and   to  future     monitoring ef ‐forts    of Helicoverpa pest    species across     different continents. We   discuss the   value   of Helicoverpa mitogenomes to  assist    with   species identification in  view   of  the   con  ‐text   of  the   rapid    spread of H. armigera in the  New   World.     With   this   work,    we  providethe   molecular resources necessary for   future    studies of  the   evolutionary history and  ecology of these species.

year: 2019-03-01

title: Invading the Waikato: A postcolonial re-view

authors: Dench, Simon

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The article discusses images of the Waikato Region of New Zealand from the 1860s, examining them within the context of British colonization and invasion. It comments on photographs by surveyor Daniel Manders Beere and British Army Royal Artillery Regiment Assistant Surgeon William Temple. The author also comments on a map of New Zealand's North Island made by surveyor Charles Heaphy and a map of Newcastle, New Zealand, depicting its earlier names of Ngāruawāhia and Queenstown. Other topics include spatial history, postcolonialism, and the 1863 to 1864 British invasion of Waikato.

text: Invading the Waikato: A postcolonial re-view The article discusses images of the Waikato Region of New Zealand from the 1860s, examining them within the context of British colonization and invasion. It comments on photographs by surveyor Daniel Manders Beere and British Army Royal Artillery Regiment Assistant Surgeon William Temple. The author also comments on a map of New Zealand's North Island made by surveyor Charles Heaphy and a map of Newcastle, New Zealand, depicting its earlier names of Ngāruawāhia and Queenstown. Other topics include spatial history, postcolonialism, and the 1863 to 1864 British invasion of Waikato.

year: 2011