title: Dads: Delights, desires and difficulties: A discussion of changes over the last 40 years in fathers' roles, attitudes and practices

authors: Ritchie, Jane

subjects: father’s roles

abstract: In this paper I discuss changes over the last forty years in fathers' roles, attitudes and practices. In general, fathers are more positive about their role and spend more time with their infants and four year olds. They now talk more with their mates about being a father, and are more likely to give equal importance to their partner's job. However, job pressures mean that they have difficulty balancing their priorities between work and home. Clearly, fathering is being taken seriously by the nineties fathers who feel a conflict between earning a living and spending more time with their children.

text: Dads: Delights, desires and difficulties: A discussion of changes over the last 40 years in fathers' roles, attitudes and practices In this paper I discuss changes over the last forty years in fathers' roles, attitudes and practices. In general, fathers are more positive about their role and spend more time with their infants and four year olds. They now talk more with their mates about being a father, and are more likely to give equal importance to their partner's job. However, job pressures mean that they have difficulty balancing their priorities between work and home. Clearly, fathering is being taken seriously by the nineties fathers who feel a conflict between earning a living and spending more time with their children.

year: 2001

title: Cost and Performance Comparison of a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Plant and a Bardenpho Plant for Wastewater Treatment

authors: Rachmani, Asaf

abstract: Rotorua District Council constructed a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system to work in parallel with the existing Bardenpho system, to improve the overall capacity and removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. The aim of this research was to examine and compare the performance of the MBR and the Bardenpho systems, as well as the operating costs and the net present value. The MBR showed a higher removal rate of TKN, TSS, COD, DRP and organic nitrogen than the Bardenpho system, with average removal efficiencies of 94.52%, 99.05%, 94.04%, 67.43% and 92.75% respectively. These removal rates were shown to be 0.62%, 15.47%, 8.51%, 5.72% and14.74 % better than the Bardenpho system. Furthermore, the MBR removal rate remained stable over a range of flows, while the Bardenpho removal rate fluctuated with a change in flow. The total energy consumption of the treated wastewater in the MBR and the Bardenpho systems were 0.53 kWh/m3 and 0.25 kWh/m3 respectively. Major contributors to the total operational costs were the disposal cost of sludge, the cost of ethanol and aeration. In the MBR, the cost percentage of sludge disposal was 22.11%, and the total aeration cost was 20.25%, while the cost of disposal of sludge was 45.15% and aeration 7.22% in the Bardenpho. The capital cost to construct the MBR and the Bardenpho systems was calculated to be similar when the cost of land is not taken into account, however, the size of the Bardenpho required to treat the same volume of wastewater is found to be 2.2 times bigger than a MBR system. It was concluded that from a cost point of view, the Bardenpho system is more economical; however, the low cost of running the Bardenpho comes with lower removal efficiencies in comparison to the MBR.

text: Cost and Performance Comparison of a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) Plant and a Bardenpho Plant for Wastewater Treatment Rotorua District Council constructed a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system to work in parallel with the existing Bardenpho system, to improve the overall capacity and removal efficiency of the wastewater treatment plant. The aim of this research was to examine and compare the performance of the MBR and the Bardenpho systems, as well as the operating costs and the net present value. The MBR showed a higher removal rate of TKN, TSS, COD, DRP and organic nitrogen than the Bardenpho system, with average removal efficiencies of 94.52%, 99.05%, 94.04%, 67.43% and 92.75% respectively. These removal rates were shown to be 0.62%, 15.47%, 8.51%, 5.72% and14.74 % better than the Bardenpho system. Furthermore, the MBR removal rate remained stable over a range of flows, while the Bardenpho removal rate fluctuated with a change in flow. The total energy consumption of the treated wastewater in the MBR and the Bardenpho systems were 0.53 kWh/m3 and 0.25 kWh/m3 respectively. Major contributors to the total operational costs were the disposal cost of sludge, the cost of ethanol and aeration. In the MBR, the cost percentage of sludge disposal was 22.11%, and the total aeration cost was 20.25%, while the cost of disposal of sludge was 45.15% and aeration 7.22% in the Bardenpho. The capital cost to construct the MBR and the Bardenpho systems was calculated to be similar when the cost of land is not taken into account, however, the size of the Bardenpho required to treat the same volume of wastewater is found to be 2.2 times bigger than a MBR system. It was concluded that from a cost point of view, the Bardenpho system is more economical; however, the low cost of running the Bardenpho comes with lower removal efficiencies in comparison to the MBR.

year: 2013

title: Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia: Whānau drawing on their community cultural wealth to create strategies for developing Te Reo Rangatira

authors: Brouwer, Jacqui

abstract: The use of Te Reo Māori in Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand is mandated in the ECE curriculum. Research shows that picturebooks are powerful tools in language learning, but there is a lack of research concerning the use of bilingual picturebooks by whānau to support Māori language learning in a New Zealand kindergarten. This research presents findings from a 4-week programme in which five whānau members were introduced to several types of dual language picturebooks (Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia, RRPP) in a Puna Pukapuka Pikitia (PPP). Whānau explored RRPP and suggested how they could bring Reo Rangatira from RRPP into their homes to support language learning. Their suggestions aligned with Ellis’s principles of effective language teaching (Ellis, 2010) including the development of formulaic phrases, following the ways in which tamariki naturally learn language, encouraging opportunities for tamariki to speak and listen, as well as having interactions linked to RRPP.

text: Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia: Whānau drawing on their community cultural wealth to create strategies for developing Te Reo Rangatira The use of Te Reo Māori in Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand is mandated in the ECE curriculum. Research shows that picturebooks are powerful tools in language learning, but there is a lack of research concerning the use of bilingual picturebooks by whānau to support Māori language learning in a New Zealand kindergarten. This research presents findings from a 4-week programme in which five whānau members were introduced to several types of dual language picturebooks (Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia, RRPP) in a Puna Pukapuka Pikitia (PPP). Whānau explored RRPP and suggested how they could bring Reo Rangatira from RRPP into their homes to support language learning. Their suggestions aligned with Ellis’s principles of effective language teaching (Ellis, 2010) including the development of formulaic phrases, following the ways in which tamariki naturally learn language, encouraging opportunities for tamariki to speak and listen, as well as having interactions linked to RRPP.

year: 2023