title: The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function

authors: Snake-Beings, Emit

subjects: multi-author

abstract: This thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author.

text: The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function This thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author.

year: 2010

title: A note on the average propensity to consume, wealth and threshold adjustment

authors: Holmes, Mark J.

subjects: threshold error correction

abstract: We explore the connection between the average propensity to consume (APC) and wealth to income ratio (WY) in the US. We find evidence of a long-run relationship characterised by threshold error correction. It is the APC that responds to long-run disequilibrium where the speed of adjustment is asymmetric insofar as being most likely fastest in regimes characterised by a high APC and low WY.

text: A note on the average propensity to consume, wealth and threshold adjustment We explore the connection between the average propensity to consume (APC) and wealth to income ratio (WY) in the US. We find evidence of a long-run relationship characterised by threshold error correction. It is the APC that responds to long-run disequilibrium where the speed of adjustment is asymmetric insofar as being most likely fastest in regimes characterised by a high APC and low WY.

year: 2013

title: Waiata anthems: How Aotearoa (New Zealand) popular and contemporary music is addressing generational trauma and revitalising te reo Māori (the Māori language)

authors: Walker, Alroy

abstract: Waiata is translated as song or chant from te reo Māori (the Māori language), yet it has many forms and important functions in te ao Māori (the Māori world). Waiata is most commonly experienced publicly in Aotearoa in support of whaikõrero (oration, formal speech-making), but it also serves to reinforce Māori interconnectedness to others, the natural world and to the supernatural world. Enduring from pre-encounter oral culture, waiata serve as vessels and a mode of transmission for mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), histories (whanau, iwi) and culture. This presentation focuses on emergent and contemporary modes of waiata (punk, hardcore and indie) in a post-colonial context, examining musician motivations, the role that music plays in the revitalisation of te reo Māori, and how it honours the purpose of waiata tawhito (traditional waiata). The project is part of ongoing research supported by the partnership agreement between Prifysgol Caerdydd and University of Waikato.

text: Waiata anthems: How Aotearoa (New Zealand) popular and contemporary music is addressing generational trauma and revitalising te reo Māori (the Māori language) Waiata is translated as song or chant from te reo Māori (the Māori language), yet it has many forms and important functions in te ao Māori (the Māori world). Waiata is most commonly experienced publicly in Aotearoa in support of whaikõrero (oration, formal speech-making), but it also serves to reinforce Māori interconnectedness to others, the natural world and to the supernatural world. Enduring from pre-encounter oral culture, waiata serve as vessels and a mode of transmission for mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge), histories (whanau, iwi) and culture. This presentation focuses on emergent and contemporary modes of waiata (punk, hardcore and indie) in a post-colonial context, examining musician motivations, the role that music plays in the revitalisation of te reo Māori, and how it honours the purpose of waiata tawhito (traditional waiata). The project is part of ongoing research supported by the partnership agreement between Prifysgol Caerdydd and University of Waikato.

year: 2023-11-22