title: Mass movement in Tangoio conservation reserve northern Hawkes Bay

authors: Eyles, R.J.

abstract: In a random sample of 52 valley-side profiles at Tangoio, mass movements are shown to occur preferentially on profiles with a northerly aspect, which are long, or steeply sloping.
Detailed measurements of 27 debris slide and two slump scars dating from a storm in May 1971 enable an estimate of the rate of erosion of loess and volcanic ash from valley-sides to be made. Valley-side slopes are changing from a convexo-concave equilibrium form under the original forest towards a new, more rectilinear equilibrium form under grass.

text: Mass movement in Tangoio conservation reserve northern Hawkes Bay In a random sample of 52 valley-side profiles at Tangoio, mass movements are shown to occur preferentially on profiles with a northerly aspect, which are long, or steeply sloping.
Detailed measurements of 27 debris slide and two slump scars dating from a storm in May 1971 enable an estimate of the rate of erosion of loess and volcanic ash from valley-sides to be made. Valley-side slopes are changing from a convexo-concave equilibrium form under the original forest towards a new, more rectilinear equilibrium form under grass.

year: 1971

title: Book review: Representations of global poverty: Aid, development and international NGOs.

authors: Hodgetts, Darrin

abstract: This article reviews the book: “Representations of global poverty: Aid, development and international NGOs” by N. Dogra.

text: Book review: Representations of global poverty: Aid, development and international NGOs. This article reviews the book: “Representations of global poverty: Aid, development and international NGOs” by N. Dogra.

year: 2013

title: Māori and the [potential] demographic dividend

authors: Jackson, Natalie

subjects: demography

abstract: This paper outlines a recently articulated concept in the demographic literature known as the ‘demographic dividend’, and connects it with key features of Māori and non- Māori demography. The dividend arises – or has the potential to arise - as each population passes through a particular point in its demographic transition. During these years, the maximum proportion of the population moves into the key working and income-earning age groups, and the minimum (comprised of youth and the elderly) is notionally dependent. With proactive and timely investment in the youthful base of the population, there is potential to convert the demographic dividend into two economic windfalls, the first arising as fertility decline causes youthful dependency to fall and the last large waves of young adults flood into the working age population, the second as the latter age and move on into the higher income earning age groups. However the window of opportunity to invest in the first dividend is fleeting, while failure to invest in that stage seriously compromises the second. This paper shows that for the Māori population, despite its relative youth, the first opportunity is already coming to an end and with it the potential gains of the second. But it also argues that there is a third window of opportunity which holds particular promise for Māori. This period will also be fleeting, but is arising in both absolute and relative terms as the relatively youthful Māori population co-exists alongside its structurally older counterpart, and together (with other New Zealanders) comprise an ‘economic dividend system’ that produces the potential for a ‘collateral dividend’.

text: Māori and the [potential] demographic dividend This paper outlines a recently articulated concept in the demographic literature known as the ‘demographic dividend’, and connects it with key features of Māori and non- Māori demography. The dividend arises – or has the potential to arise - as each population passes through a particular point in its demographic transition. During these years, the maximum proportion of the population moves into the key working and income-earning age groups, and the minimum (comprised of youth and the elderly) is notionally dependent. With proactive and timely investment in the youthful base of the population, there is potential to convert the demographic dividend into two economic windfalls, the first arising as fertility decline causes youthful dependency to fall and the last large waves of young adults flood into the working age population, the second as the latter age and move on into the higher income earning age groups. However the window of opportunity to invest in the first dividend is fleeting, while failure to invest in that stage seriously compromises the second. This paper shows that for the Māori population, despite its relative youth, the first opportunity is already coming to an end and with it the potential gains of the second. But it also argues that there is a third window of opportunity which holds particular promise for Māori. This period will also be fleeting, but is arising in both absolute and relative terms as the relatively youthful Māori population co-exists alongside its structurally older counterpart, and together (with other New Zealanders) comprise an ‘economic dividend system’ that produces the potential for a ‘collateral dividend’.

year: 2011-06