title: Body Tourism in Queered Streets: Geographies of gay pride parades

authors: Johnston, Lynda

subjects: gay pride parades

abstract: This thesis begins with an examination of the construction of knowledge within tourism studies. I argue that tourism studies, like most social sciences, has been built on a mind/body dualism. The mind has been privileged and linked to rationality, heterosexuality and masculinity, while the body has been Othered and associated with irrationality, homosexuality and femininity. I critique tourism studies' literature, specifically hallmark tourism, postmodern tourism, ethnic tourism, sex tourism and gender and tourism, to argue that the body has been denied, desired and Othered by tourism studies' academics. Tourism studies, as academic discourse, tends to produce hegemonic, disembodied and masculinist knowledges.
Against this theoretical backdrop, I examine an explicitly gendered/sexed and sexualised tourist event. I conduct a study of gay pride parades: Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand's HERO Parade and the Sydney, Australia Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade. I use qualitative methods of data collection, specifically, participant observations, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, questionnaires and newspapers, photographs, video recordings, television and radio discourses.
There are three points to my discussion. I argue first, that the place of the parade becomes a contested site. Debates over the parade site derive from constructions of 'queer' bodies as deviant, dangerous and abject. Hence, 'gay' bodies become inappropriate bodies to inhabit (public) central business districts. Parade sites in 'gay' (read private) neighbourhoods, however, are perceived as less 'threatening' by city council officials. Second, I argue that rigid borders are maintained at the parade site between the queer bodies on parade (the 'hosts') and the watching, 'heterosexual' tourists. These tourists Other the queer bodies on parade. Heterosexual tourists occupy a dominant, unmarked position which is maintained through discourses of liberalism. Parading bodies which are less visibly 'gay', however, disrupt this unmarked position and trouble the binary between Self /Other, tourist/host, and straight/ gay, and hence explicitly embody tourists. Third, I disrupt binary notions of masculine I feminine bodies in gay pride parades by focusing on the ways marching boys' bodies can be read as 'fluid': both hyper-masculine and feminine.
This study offers an example of new possibilities for tourism studies. Explicit inclusion of gendered/ sexed and sexualised bodies in tourism research problematises the mind/body dualism, thereby subverting the masculinism of tourism discourse.

text: Body Tourism in Queered Streets: Geographies of gay pride parades This thesis begins with an examination of the construction of knowledge within tourism studies. I argue that tourism studies, like most social sciences, has been built on a mind/body dualism. The mind has been privileged and linked to rationality, heterosexuality and masculinity, while the body has been Othered and associated with irrationality, homosexuality and femininity. I critique tourism studies' literature, specifically hallmark tourism, postmodern tourism, ethnic tourism, sex tourism and gender and tourism, to argue that the body has been denied, desired and Othered by tourism studies' academics. Tourism studies, as academic discourse, tends to produce hegemonic, disembodied and masculinist knowledges.
Against this theoretical backdrop, I examine an explicitly gendered/sexed and sexualised tourist event. I conduct a study of gay pride parades: Auckland, Aotearoa/New Zealand's HERO Parade and the Sydney, Australia Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Parade. I use qualitative methods of data collection, specifically, participant observations, in-depth and semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews, questionnaires and newspapers, photographs, video recordings, television and radio discourses.
There are three points to my discussion. I argue first, that the place of the parade becomes a contested site. Debates over the parade site derive from constructions of 'queer' bodies as deviant, dangerous and abject. Hence, 'gay' bodies become inappropriate bodies to inhabit (public) central business districts. Parade sites in 'gay' (read private) neighbourhoods, however, are perceived as less 'threatening' by city council officials. Second, I argue that rigid borders are maintained at the parade site between the queer bodies on parade (the 'hosts') and the watching, 'heterosexual' tourists. These tourists Other the queer bodies on parade. Heterosexual tourists occupy a dominant, unmarked position which is maintained through discourses of liberalism. Parading bodies which are less visibly 'gay', however, disrupt this unmarked position and trouble the binary between Self /Other, tourist/host, and straight/ gay, and hence explicitly embody tourists. Third, I disrupt binary notions of masculine I feminine bodies in gay pride parades by focusing on the ways marching boys' bodies can be read as 'fluid': both hyper-masculine and feminine.
This study offers an example of new possibilities for tourism studies. Explicit inclusion of gendered/ sexed and sexualised bodies in tourism research problematises the mind/body dualism, thereby subverting the masculinism of tourism discourse.

year: 1998

title: Creating and reading realistic electronic books

authors: Liesaputra, Veronica

subjects: electronic books

abstract: A digital library project aims to combine the look and feel of physical books with the advantages of online documents such as hyperlinks and multimedia. A lightweight open source implementation enables highly responsive page turning and works within standard Web browsers.

text: Creating and reading realistic electronic books A digital library project aims to combine the look and feel of physical books with the advantages of online documents such as hyperlinks and multimedia. A lightweight open source implementation enables highly responsive page turning and works within standard Web browsers.

year: 2009

title: Governance of water based on responsible use – an elegant solution?‎

authors: Te Aho, Linda

abstract: The inspiration for this chapter is a proposal said to represent "a paradigm shift" for the governance of freshwater, articulated by Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie in 2014. ² Arising out of challenges to a government plan to sell its shares in powergenerating companies,³ the Durie proposal has at its heart a possibility for reconciling Maori rights and interests and wider general interests in freshwater. It is based on the assumption that Maori and the general public have a legitimate interest in the natural water regimes of the country. However, the source of the interest is not the same. The Maori interest is proprietary and is sourced in their status as the indigenous first peoples of the land who were guaranteed continuation of their tino rangatiratanga in respect of their lands and waters in Te Tiriti o Waitangi.⁴ The public interest is sourced in the British laws that superimposed Maori laws through processes of colonisation. The heart of the Durie proposal is that those utilising water for commercial purposes should be charged and that an independent commission would be responsible for overseeing charging and revenue collection and disbursement. A proportion of the funds would be allocated to Maori authorities in recognition of the Maori interest. Whether in public or Maori hands, the funds should be applied to the maintenance or improvement of the natural water bodies of the area or the assurance of water supplies to all homes. In short, the proposal focuses upon responsibility.

text: Governance of water based on responsible use – an elegant solution?‎ The inspiration for this chapter is a proposal said to represent "a paradigm shift" for the governance of freshwater, articulated by Sir Edward Taihakurei Durie in 2014. ² Arising out of challenges to a government plan to sell its shares in powergenerating companies,³ the Durie proposal has at its heart a possibility for reconciling Maori rights and interests and wider general interests in freshwater. It is based on the assumption that Maori and the general public have a legitimate interest in the natural water regimes of the country. However, the source of the interest is not the same. The Maori interest is proprietary and is sourced in their status as the indigenous first peoples of the land who were guaranteed continuation of their tino rangatiratanga in respect of their lands and waters in Te Tiriti o Waitangi.⁴ The public interest is sourced in the British laws that superimposed Maori laws through processes of colonisation. The heart of the Durie proposal is that those utilising water for commercial purposes should be charged and that an independent commission would be responsible for overseeing charging and revenue collection and disbursement. A proportion of the funds would be allocated to Maori authorities in recognition of the Maori interest. Whether in public or Maori hands, the funds should be applied to the maintenance or improvement of the natural water bodies of the area or the assurance of water supplies to all homes. In short, the proposal focuses upon responsibility.

year: 2019