title: Commission 10: Solar Activity

authors: Melrose, Donald B.

subjects: corona

abstract: Commission 10 aims at the study of various forms of solar activity, including networks, plages, pores, spots, fibrils, surges, jets, filaments/prominences, coronal loops, flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar cycle, microflares, nanoflares, coronal heating etc., which are all manifestation of the interplay of magnetic fields and solar plasma. Increasingly important is the study of solar activities as sources of various disturbances in the interplanetary space and near-Earth “space weather”.
Over the past three years a major component of research on the active Sun has involved data from the RHESSI spacecraft. This review starts with an update on current and planned solar observations from spacecraft. The discussion of solar flares gives emphasis to new results from RHESSI, along with updates on other aspects of flares. Recent progress on two theoretical concepts, magnetic reconnection and magnetic helicity is then summarized, followed by discussions of coronal loops and heating, the magnetic carpet and filaments. The final topic discussed is coronal mass ejections and space weather. 
The discussions on each topic is relatively brief, and intended as an outline to put the extensive list of references in context.
The review was prepared jointly by the members of the Organizing Committee, and the names of the primary contributors to the various sections are indicated in parentheses.

text: Commission 10: Solar Activity Commission 10 aims at the study of various forms of solar activity, including networks, plages, pores, spots, fibrils, surges, jets, filaments/prominences, coronal loops, flares, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), solar cycle, microflares, nanoflares, coronal heating etc., which are all manifestation of the interplay of magnetic fields and solar plasma. Increasingly important is the study of solar activities as sources of various disturbances in the interplanetary space and near-Earth “space weather”.
Over the past three years a major component of research on the active Sun has involved data from the RHESSI spacecraft. This review starts with an update on current and planned solar observations from spacecraft. The discussion of solar flares gives emphasis to new results from RHESSI, along with updates on other aspects of flares. Recent progress on two theoretical concepts, magnetic reconnection and magnetic helicity is then summarized, followed by discussions of coronal loops and heating, the magnetic carpet and filaments. The final topic discussed is coronal mass ejections and space weather. 
The discussions on each topic is relatively brief, and intended as an outline to put the extensive list of references in context.
The review was prepared jointly by the members of the Organizing Committee, and the names of the primary contributors to the various sections are indicated in parentheses.

year: 2007

title: Non-commutative Iwasawa theory for elliptic curves with multiplicative reduction

authors: Delbourgo, Daniel

abstract: Let E/ℚ  be a semistable elliptic curve, and p ≠ 2 a prime of bad multiplicative reduction. For each Lie extension ℚ FT / ℚ with Galois group G∞ ≅ℤр ⋊ ℤ p ×, we construct p-adic L-functions interpolating Artin twists of the Hasse–Weil L-series of the curve E. Through the use of congruences, we next prove a formula for the analytic λ-invariant over the false Tate tower, analogous to Chern–Yang Lee's results on its algebraic counterpart. If one assumes the Pontryagin dual of the Selmer group belongs to the ℳℌ(G∞)-category, the leading terms of its associated Akashi series can then be computed, allowing us to formulate a non-commutative Iwasawa Main Conjecture in the multiplicative setting.

text: Non-commutative Iwasawa theory for elliptic curves with multiplicative reduction Let E/ℚ  be a semistable elliptic curve, and p ≠ 2 a prime of bad multiplicative reduction. For each Lie extension ℚ FT / ℚ with Galois group G∞ ≅ℤр ⋊ ℤ p ×, we construct p-adic L-functions interpolating Artin twists of the Hasse–Weil L-series of the curve E. Through the use of congruences, we next prove a formula for the analytic λ-invariant over the false Tate tower, analogous to Chern–Yang Lee's results on its algebraic counterpart. If one assumes the Pontryagin dual of the Selmer group belongs to the ℳℌ(G∞)-category, the leading terms of its associated Akashi series can then be computed, allowing us to formulate a non-commutative Iwasawa Main Conjecture in the multiplicative setting.

year: 2015

title: Diacritic Restoration and the Development of a Part-of-Speech Tagset for the Māori Language

authors: Cocks, John

subjects: Māori

abstract: This thesis investigates two fundamental problems in natural language processing: diacritic restoration and part-of-speech tagging. Over the past three decades, statistical approaches to diacritic restoration and part-of-speech tagging have grown in interest as a consequence of the increasing availability of manually annotated training data in major languages such as English and French. However, these approaches are not practical for most minority languages, where appropriate training data is either non-existent or not publically available. Furthermore, before developing a part-of-speech tagging system, a suitable tagset is required for that language. In this thesis, we make the following contributions to bridge this gap:

Firstly, we propose a method for diacritic restoration based on naive Bayes classifiers that act at word-level. Classifications are based on a rich set of features, extracted automatically from training data in the form of diacritically marked text. This method requires no additional resources, which makes it language independent. The algorithm was evaluated on one language, namely Māori, and an accuracy exceeding 99% was observed.

Secondly, we present our work on creating one of the necessary resources for the development of a part-of-speech tagging system in Māori, that of a suitable tagset. The tagset described was developed in accordance with the EAGLES guidelines for morphosyntactic annotation of corpora, and was the result of in-depth analysis of the Māori grammar.

text: Diacritic Restoration and the Development of a Part-of-Speech Tagset for the Māori Language This thesis investigates two fundamental problems in natural language processing: diacritic restoration and part-of-speech tagging. Over the past three decades, statistical approaches to diacritic restoration and part-of-speech tagging have grown in interest as a consequence of the increasing availability of manually annotated training data in major languages such as English and French. However, these approaches are not practical for most minority languages, where appropriate training data is either non-existent or not publically available. Furthermore, before developing a part-of-speech tagging system, a suitable tagset is required for that language. In this thesis, we make the following contributions to bridge this gap:

Firstly, we propose a method for diacritic restoration based on naive Bayes classifiers that act at word-level. Classifications are based on a rich set of features, extracted automatically from training data in the form of diacritically marked text. This method requires no additional resources, which makes it language independent. The algorithm was evaluated on one language, namely Māori, and an accuracy exceeding 99% was observed.

Secondly, we present our work on creating one of the necessary resources for the development of a part-of-speech tagging system in Māori, that of a suitable tagset. The tagset described was developed in accordance with the EAGLES guidelines for morphosyntactic annotation of corpora, and was the result of in-depth analysis of the Māori grammar.

year: 2012