title: The power output of spine and fan magnetic reconnection solutions

authors: Craig, Ian J.D.

subjects: MHD—plasmas

abstract: The ability of three-dimensional magnetic “spine” and “fan” reconnection solutions to provide flarelike energy release is discussed. It is pointed out, on the basis of exact analytic solutions, that fast dissipation is possible only if the hydromagnetic pressure in the reconnection region becomes unbounded in the limit of small plasma resistivities. The implication is that some “saturation” of the power output is inevitable for realistic coronal plasmas. Estimates of the saturated power, based on limiting the flux pileup in the field, suggest that the geometry of the spine reconnection mechanism precludes significant flare energy release. However, the current sheet structures involved in fan reconnection seem able to release sufficient magnetic energy fast enough to account for modest flares, even under the conservative assumption of classical plasma resistivities.

text: The power output of spine and fan magnetic reconnection solutions The ability of three-dimensional magnetic “spine” and “fan” reconnection solutions to provide flarelike energy release is discussed. It is pointed out, on the basis of exact analytic solutions, that fast dissipation is possible only if the hydromagnetic pressure in the reconnection region becomes unbounded in the limit of small plasma resistivities. The implication is that some “saturation” of the power output is inevitable for realistic coronal plasmas. Estimates of the saturated power, based on limiting the flux pileup in the field, suggest that the geometry of the spine reconnection mechanism precludes significant flare energy release. However, the current sheet structures involved in fan reconnection seem able to release sufficient magnetic energy fast enough to account for modest flares, even under the conservative assumption of classical plasma resistivities.

year: 1997-08

title: Correlation-based feature selection of discrete and numeric class machine learning

authors: Hall, Mark A.

subjects: computer science

abstract: Algorithms for feature selection fall into two broad categories: wrappers that use the learning algorithm itself to evaluate the usefulness of features and filters that evaluate features according to heuristics based on general characteristics of the data. For application to large databases, filters have proven to be more practical than wrappers because they are much faster. However, most existing filter algorithms only work with discrete classification problems. This paper describes a fast, correlation-based filter algorithm that can be applied to continuous and discrete problems. The algorithm often out-performs the well-known ReliefF attribute estimator when used as a preprocessing step for naive Bayes, instance-based learning, decision trees, locally weighted regression, and model trees. It performs more feature selection than ReliefF does-reducing the data dimensionality by fifty percent in most cases. Also, decision and model trees built from the preprocessed data are often significantly smaller.

text: Correlation-based feature selection of discrete and numeric class machine learning Algorithms for feature selection fall into two broad categories: wrappers that use the learning algorithm itself to evaluate the usefulness of features and filters that evaluate features according to heuristics based on general characteristics of the data. For application to large databases, filters have proven to be more practical than wrappers because they are much faster. However, most existing filter algorithms only work with discrete classification problems. This paper describes a fast, correlation-based filter algorithm that can be applied to continuous and discrete problems. The algorithm often out-performs the well-known ReliefF attribute estimator when used as a preprocessing step for naive Bayes, instance-based learning, decision trees, locally weighted regression, and model trees. It performs more feature selection than ReliefF does-reducing the data dimensionality by fifty percent in most cases. Also, decision and model trees built from the preprocessed data are often significantly smaller.

year: 2000-05

title: New Zealand and Maori land trusts

authors: Chevalier-Watts, Juliet

abstract: New Zealand, as in other jurisdictions, has a range of recognized trusts that would be familiar to many. These include express trusts, resulting trusts, constructive trusts, and charitable trusts. Perhaps more unfamiliar, at least to those outside New Zealand, are trusts that are unique to the New Zealand legal landscape and that are specific to Maori land. This article explores the relevance, and importance, of such trusts within New Zealand—Aotearoa. In doing so, the author considers a number of these Maori land trusts, and critically evaluates a range of issues, which includes governance; conflict of interest; unsatisfactory conduct; and dysfunction. While Maori land trusts are subject to the general laws of trust, it can be seen from the article how valuable such trusts are in recognizing and protecting Maori interests. As such, their unique nature reflects their fundamental relevance in indigenous culture, and also generally as an effective management tool for much Maori land.

text: New Zealand and Maori land trusts New Zealand, as in other jurisdictions, has a range of recognized trusts that would be familiar to many. These include express trusts, resulting trusts, constructive trusts, and charitable trusts. Perhaps more unfamiliar, at least to those outside New Zealand, are trusts that are unique to the New Zealand legal landscape and that are specific to Maori land. This article explores the relevance, and importance, of such trusts within New Zealand—Aotearoa. In doing so, the author considers a number of these Maori land trusts, and critically evaluates a range of issues, which includes governance; conflict of interest; unsatisfactory conduct; and dysfunction. While Maori land trusts are subject to the general laws of trust, it can be seen from the article how valuable such trusts are in recognizing and protecting Maori interests. As such, their unique nature reflects their fundamental relevance in indigenous culture, and also generally as an effective management tool for much Maori land.

year: 2016