title: Asymmetric adjustment of unemployment and output in New Zealand: Rediscovering Okun’s law

authors: Harris, Richard

subjects: Okun's law

abstract: Okun's law - the relationship between unemployment and output - is one of the best known empirical regularities in macroeconomics. It is an important relationship because the way in which unemployment reacts to changes in output has implications for labour market and monetary policies and for forecasting. Most specifications of Okun's law assume a symmetric relationship: expansions and contractions in output have the same absolute effect on unemployment. In this paper, we test this assumption against the alternative view that the relationship is asymmetric. We use New Zealand data from 1978 to 1999 and contemporary econometric techniques including asymmetric modelling. Our main finding is that changes in unemployment and output in New Zealand are related in both the long run and the short run but only if an asymmetric approach is taken.

text: Asymmetric adjustment of unemployment and output in New Zealand: Rediscovering Okun’s law Okun's law - the relationship between unemployment and output - is one of the best known empirical regularities in macroeconomics. It is an important relationship because the way in which unemployment reacts to changes in output has implications for labour market and monetary policies and for forecasting. Most specifications of Okun's law assume a symmetric relationship: expansions and contractions in output have the same absolute effect on unemployment. In this paper, we test this assumption against the alternative view that the relationship is asymmetric. We use New Zealand data from 1978 to 1999 and contemporary econometric techniques including asymmetric modelling. Our main finding is that changes in unemployment and output in New Zealand are related in both the long run and the short run but only if an asymmetric approach is taken.

year: 2000-05

title: Study of metal scrambling in the trinuclear {Pt₂Se₂M} (M = Pt, Pd, Au) system using an electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) directed synthetic methodology; isolation and crystallographic characterization of {Pt₂(µ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄[Pt(cod)]}{PF₆}₂ and {Pt(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₂[Pt(cod)]₂}{PF₆}₂ (cod = Cyclo-octa-1,5-diene)

authors: Yeo, Jeremy S.L.

subjects: chemistry

abstract: Pt₂(μ-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄ reacts with PtCl₂(cod) to give {Pt₂(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄[Pt(cod)]}²⁺ and an unexpected cod-rich product that arises from metal scrambling, viz. {Pt(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₂[Pt(cod)]₂}²⁺. The formation of these species was detected and followed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) and subsequently verified by batch synthesis and crystallographic characterization. Other metal-scrambled aggregate products were successfully detected.

text: Study of metal scrambling in the trinuclear {Pt₂Se₂M} (M = Pt, Pd, Au) system using an electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) directed synthetic methodology; isolation and crystallographic characterization of {Pt₂(µ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄[Pt(cod)]}{PF₆}₂ and {Pt(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₂[Pt(cod)]₂}{PF₆}₂ (cod = Cyclo-octa-1,5-diene) Pt₂(μ-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄ reacts with PtCl₂(cod) to give {Pt₂(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₄[Pt(cod)]}²⁺ and an unexpected cod-rich product that arises from metal scrambling, viz. {Pt(μ₃-Se)₂(PPh₃)₂[Pt(cod)]₂}²⁺. The formation of these species was detected and followed by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS) and subsequently verified by batch synthesis and crystallographic characterization. Other metal-scrambled aggregate products were successfully detected.

year: 2002

title: Barriers and incentives to Māori participation in the profession of psychology: A report for the New Zealand Psychologists' Board

authors: Levy, Michelle Patricia

subjects: bicultural approaches

abstract: It is well known that Māori are over-represented within the client group of psychologists. Despite ongoing attempts to recruit and retain more Māori within the discipline of psychology, the numbers of Māori psychologists continues to remain low, raising serious concerns about the ability of the profession to effectively meet the needs of its clientele. The salient barrier to increasing Māori participation in psychology is the environments in which Māori students of psychology and Māori psychologists are required to participate. Areas covered include current Māori participation in psychology, barriers to Māori participation such as psychology's reliance on western paradigms, lack of Māori participation in psychology training programmes, lack of support for Māori psychology students, and a lack of commitment to Māori development in psychology.

text: Barriers and incentives to Māori participation in the profession of psychology: A report for the New Zealand Psychologists' Board It is well known that Māori are over-represented within the client group of psychologists. Despite ongoing attempts to recruit and retain more Māori within the discipline of psychology, the numbers of Māori psychologists continues to remain low, raising serious concerns about the ability of the profession to effectively meet the needs of its clientele. The salient barrier to increasing Māori participation in psychology is the environments in which Māori students of psychology and Māori psychologists are required to participate. Areas covered include current Māori participation in psychology, barriers to Māori participation such as psychology's reliance on western paradigms, lack of Māori participation in psychology training programmes, lack of support for Māori psychology students, and a lack of commitment to Māori development in psychology.

year: 2002-09-01