title: The journey of leaders: Planned or unplanned?

authors: Ryan, Nicole

subjects: leadership in early childhood education

abstract: According to Ren-Etta Sullivan (2003) pathways that lead to career progression within the early childhood education sector are unclear. Furthermore it seems that there is a lack of research which underpins leadership theory in the early childhood education sector (Ebbeck  Waniganayake, 2004; Rodd, 2006; Scrivens, 2003; Thornton, 2003). Due to the absence of research, early childhood education professionals have not formed clear opinions about leadership (Ren-Etta Sullivan, 2003). This lack of opinion has lead to leadership in early childhood education being under researched, undefined, undervalued and under-represented in dialogue, policy and practice.
This study is the investigation of how early childhood education leaders have come to be in positions of leadership. This study explores research that underpins theories of leadership in the early childhood education context. Through exploring the career path of 6 early childhood education leaders, this study gives an insight into the ideas, opinions and explanations of how the participant has come to be in positions of leadership.
The overarching research questions of this study are:
  How do early childhood educational leaders come to be in positions of leadership?
  What career path have early childhood education leaders taken in order to get to their position of leadership?
  What experiences do early childhood educational leaders come to leadership positions with?
  Is there a specific path which early childhood education leaders have taken in order to get into positions of leadership? (Is there a pathway to becoming an early childhood education leader?)
Arising from these stories were personal accounts of each participants experiences, professional roles and varied career journeys. Through interviewing the six early childhood education leaders, many other insights into leadership within early childhood education became evident. Early childhood education leadership arena includes many different positions of leadership across a range of early childhood education services and departments. As Rodd (2006) states leadership is shown in different ways and means different things to different people. This study explores current ideas and perspectives about leadership in early childhood education.
This study tells the story of how early childhood education has been undervalued and women dominated which has led to different approaches and understanding about leadership and a lack of interest in this area by policymakers and authoritarian figures. In spite of this, strong leaders (and mainly women) have arisen through different pathways. These leaders are likely to view leadership differently and see models of leadership needing to be different for the context of early childhood education.
Early childhood education needs good leadership particularly in light of the significant growth and changes within the sector; therefore it is imperative that leadership professional development is provided, and discussions about leadership become part of early childhood contexts.

text: The journey of leaders: Planned or unplanned? According to Ren-Etta Sullivan (2003) pathways that lead to career progression within the early childhood education sector are unclear. Furthermore it seems that there is a lack of research which underpins leadership theory in the early childhood education sector (Ebbeck  Waniganayake, 2004; Rodd, 2006; Scrivens, 2003; Thornton, 2003). Due to the absence of research, early childhood education professionals have not formed clear opinions about leadership (Ren-Etta Sullivan, 2003). This lack of opinion has lead to leadership in early childhood education being under researched, undefined, undervalued and under-represented in dialogue, policy and practice.
This study is the investigation of how early childhood education leaders have come to be in positions of leadership. This study explores research that underpins theories of leadership in the early childhood education context. Through exploring the career path of 6 early childhood education leaders, this study gives an insight into the ideas, opinions and explanations of how the participant has come to be in positions of leadership.
The overarching research questions of this study are:
  How do early childhood educational leaders come to be in positions of leadership?
  What career path have early childhood education leaders taken in order to get to their position of leadership?
  What experiences do early childhood educational leaders come to leadership positions with?
  Is there a specific path which early childhood education leaders have taken in order to get into positions of leadership? (Is there a pathway to becoming an early childhood education leader?)
Arising from these stories were personal accounts of each participants experiences, professional roles and varied career journeys. Through interviewing the six early childhood education leaders, many other insights into leadership within early childhood education became evident. Early childhood education leadership arena includes many different positions of leadership across a range of early childhood education services and departments. As Rodd (2006) states leadership is shown in different ways and means different things to different people. This study explores current ideas and perspectives about leadership in early childhood education.
This study tells the story of how early childhood education has been undervalued and women dominated which has led to different approaches and understanding about leadership and a lack of interest in this area by policymakers and authoritarian figures. In spite of this, strong leaders (and mainly women) have arisen through different pathways. These leaders are likely to view leadership differently and see models of leadership needing to be different for the context of early childhood education.
Early childhood education needs good leadership particularly in light of the significant growth and changes within the sector; therefore it is imperative that leadership professional development is provided, and discussions about leadership become part of early childhood contexts.

year: 2010

title: Algorithmic mapping of software-defined networking pipelines

authors: Lorier, Christopher Martin

subjects: SDN

abstract: Networks with a consistent software stack reduce the complexity of monitoring, testing and automation, and reduce the mental burden on operators. However, when network software is bundled with the hardware, operators face being locked into a single vendor’s hardware, when they might otherwise be able to use cheaper or more suitable hardware from another vendor. 
Ostensibly, Software Defined Networking (SDN) gives operators the freedom to operate hardware from different vendors using the same software stack. However, producing SDN software that controls hardware from different vendors is hampered by differences in the packet processing pipelines of the ASICs each vendor uses. 
This thesis presents the design and evaluation of Shoehorn, a system for improving the portability of SDN control-plane software. Shoehorn finds mappings from virtual pipelines (defining the packet processing requirements of control-plane software), to physical pipelines (defining the packet processing pipeline of a physical device). Shoehorn improves on current approaches by ensuring that the mappings are suitable for real-time translation of controlchannel instructions, by ensuring a one-to-one mapping of virtual pipeline table entries to physical pipeline table entries. This also ensures that the mappings do not significantly increase the memory usage or power consumption of the pipelines.
This thesis evaluates Shoehorn by mapping 25 virtual pipelines, based on real SDN control-plane software for managing diverse networks, to a variety of physical pipelines, based on real hardware SDN implementations. The evaluation finds that all but 6 virtual pipelines are supported by multiple physical pipelines, and that in every case where Shoehorn could not find a mapping, it was due to a virtual table that no table in the physical pipeline could support.

text: Algorithmic mapping of software-defined networking pipelines Networks with a consistent software stack reduce the complexity of monitoring, testing and automation, and reduce the mental burden on operators. However, when network software is bundled with the hardware, operators face being locked into a single vendor’s hardware, when they might otherwise be able to use cheaper or more suitable hardware from another vendor. 
Ostensibly, Software Defined Networking (SDN) gives operators the freedom to operate hardware from different vendors using the same software stack. However, producing SDN software that controls hardware from different vendors is hampered by differences in the packet processing pipelines of the ASICs each vendor uses. 
This thesis presents the design and evaluation of Shoehorn, a system for improving the portability of SDN control-plane software. Shoehorn finds mappings from virtual pipelines (defining the packet processing requirements of control-plane software), to physical pipelines (defining the packet processing pipeline of a physical device). Shoehorn improves on current approaches by ensuring that the mappings are suitable for real-time translation of controlchannel instructions, by ensuring a one-to-one mapping of virtual pipeline table entries to physical pipeline table entries. This also ensures that the mappings do not significantly increase the memory usage or power consumption of the pipelines.
This thesis evaluates Shoehorn by mapping 25 virtual pipelines, based on real SDN control-plane software for managing diverse networks, to a variety of physical pipelines, based on real hardware SDN implementations. The evaluation finds that all but 6 virtual pipelines are supported by multiple physical pipelines, and that in every case where Shoehorn could not find a mapping, it was due to a virtual table that no table in the physical pipeline could support.

year: 2022

title: Ecological modelling of water quality management options in Lake Waahi to support Hauanga Kai species: Technical Report

authors: Allan, Mathew Grant

abstract: This report describes a numerical modelling approach for Lake Waahi to assess the effects of various future scenarios on water quality attributes known to affect the appearance of the lake’s multiple hauanga kai species across differing spatial scales. Hauanga kai refers to customary gathering and use of naturally occurring and cultivated foods. Numerical models were used to support shared learning and development of future scenarios in response to different management options and environmental pressures. The shallow lakes of the Waikato region have been particularly impacted by anthropogenic eutrophication. This is due to the fact that many of these lakes have already undergone a degree of natural eutrophication due to their geomorphic properties, such as their low elevation and shallow depth. The main contributing factors to water quality decline in shallow Waikato lakes have been identified as: high external nutrient and sediment loads, internal loading exacerbated by high sediment resuspension and bioturbation from pest fish (carp), reduced water depth due to installation of water control structures, reduction in wetland filtering potential due to draining, and stock access to wetlands. A 1-D hydrodynamics model, the General Ocean Turbulence Model was coupled to a complex ecological model (PClake) via the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). FABM is an open source FORTAN-based code that facilitates the coupling of hydrodynamic and ecological models. FABM-PCLake is a redesigned PCLake. The consensus from the model simulations carried out in the study suggests that, for Lake Waahi to undergo restoration whereby the lake is restored to clear-water stable state, both external load needs to be reduced significantly by greater than 50%, along with changes in lake ecological structure, resulting from re-establishment of macrophytes aided by the control of carp biomass. These finding supports the general view within the literature that for lake restoration success, external load reduction (catchment load) is critical. Finally, if the ultimate goal of lake restoration in Lake Waahi is to address the decline in tuna (shortfin eel - Anguilla australis) biomass, a return to a clear-water stable state should facilitate improvement in tuna habitat and provide the conditions for development of a healthy eel population. Coupled modelling approaches will provide a more complete picture of potential responses of Hauanga kai species to land and lake management scenarios.

text: Ecological modelling of water quality management options in Lake Waahi to support Hauanga Kai species: Technical Report This report describes a numerical modelling approach for Lake Waahi to assess the effects of various future scenarios on water quality attributes known to affect the appearance of the lake’s multiple hauanga kai species across differing spatial scales. Hauanga kai refers to customary gathering and use of naturally occurring and cultivated foods. Numerical models were used to support shared learning and development of future scenarios in response to different management options and environmental pressures. The shallow lakes of the Waikato region have been particularly impacted by anthropogenic eutrophication. This is due to the fact that many of these lakes have already undergone a degree of natural eutrophication due to their geomorphic properties, such as their low elevation and shallow depth. The main contributing factors to water quality decline in shallow Waikato lakes have been identified as: high external nutrient and sediment loads, internal loading exacerbated by high sediment resuspension and bioturbation from pest fish (carp), reduced water depth due to installation of water control structures, reduction in wetland filtering potential due to draining, and stock access to wetlands. A 1-D hydrodynamics model, the General Ocean Turbulence Model was coupled to a complex ecological model (PClake) via the Framework for Aquatic Biogeochemical Models (FABM). FABM is an open source FORTAN-based code that facilitates the coupling of hydrodynamic and ecological models. FABM-PCLake is a redesigned PCLake. The consensus from the model simulations carried out in the study suggests that, for Lake Waahi to undergo restoration whereby the lake is restored to clear-water stable state, both external load needs to be reduced significantly by greater than 50%, along with changes in lake ecological structure, resulting from re-establishment of macrophytes aided by the control of carp biomass. These finding supports the general view within the literature that for lake restoration success, external load reduction (catchment load) is critical. Finally, if the ultimate goal of lake restoration in Lake Waahi is to address the decline in tuna (shortfin eel - Anguilla australis) biomass, a return to a clear-water stable state should facilitate improvement in tuna habitat and provide the conditions for development of a healthy eel population. Coupled modelling approaches will provide a more complete picture of potential responses of Hauanga kai species to land and lake management scenarios.

year: 2018