title: Modernity in the Margins: A study of the introduction of typographic modernity in New Zealand, 1920-1940

authors: Faber, Mary

subjects: typography

abstract: Publications on New Zealand’s typographical history are few, particularly for the period of typographic Modernism. This study extends the knowledge of New Zealand’s typographic history through investigating typeface utilisation from 1920 to 1940, contextualising this use against developments from what are considered the metropolitan centres of the development of typographic Modernism. It examines the arrival and form of Modernism and modernity into twentieth century New Zealand through the medium of typography, and considers what the outcome reveals about conditions of New Zealand’s theoretical marginality, and the transfer of cultural forms. Focussing on type selection and use within the popular medium of New Zealand newspapers, this study aims to establish greater understanding of a critical period in type design. This research serves an important role in defining a New Zealand typographic identity, through revealing the way typography was utilised as a vehicle to introduce modernity into New Zealand, establishing greater understanding of our type selection and use. Essentially, this study proposes an alternate way of examining the introduction of modernity in New Zealand, and through this knowledge supporting and inspiring New Zealand type design today.

text: Modernity in the Margins: A study of the introduction of typographic modernity in New Zealand, 1920-1940 Publications on New Zealand’s typographical history are few, particularly for the period of typographic Modernism. This study extends the knowledge of New Zealand’s typographic history through investigating typeface utilisation from 1920 to 1940, contextualising this use against developments from what are considered the metropolitan centres of the development of typographic Modernism. It examines the arrival and form of Modernism and modernity into twentieth century New Zealand through the medium of typography, and considers what the outcome reveals about conditions of New Zealand’s theoretical marginality, and the transfer of cultural forms. Focussing on type selection and use within the popular medium of New Zealand newspapers, this study aims to establish greater understanding of a critical period in type design. This research serves an important role in defining a New Zealand typographic identity, through revealing the way typography was utilised as a vehicle to introduce modernity into New Zealand, establishing greater understanding of our type selection and use. Essentially, this study proposes an alternate way of examining the introduction of modernity in New Zealand, and through this knowledge supporting and inspiring New Zealand type design today.

year: 2011

title: Sovereignty and Armed Intervention in Libya 2011

authors: Erlbeck, Reita Te Pae

abstract: This thesis will examine the implications the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) poses to sovereignty and its current understanding in relation to military intervention for the protection of civilians in an internal armed conflict.  Resolution 1973 provides an opportunity to examine: the development of sovereignty from its earliest inception to its position within the modern international system of states; the challenge humanitarian intervention posed to accepted principles of sovereignty, non-interference and the use of force; the recent addition of the concept of the Responsibility to Protect which re-conceptualised sovereignty as responsibility; and the Security Council's established practice in relation to authorising armed intervention, which is integral to this thesis.  Supporting this body of work is the Charter of the United Nations (1945) which articulates the body of rules that states are guided by in matters of international peace and security, and the protection of human rights, and which also determines the parameters of Security Council action.  
This thesis aims to establish that Resolution 1973 is a substantial contribution to the incremental development of sovereignty and how it is currently understood within international law.

text: Sovereignty and Armed Intervention in Libya 2011 This thesis will examine the implications the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 (2011) poses to sovereignty and its current understanding in relation to military intervention for the protection of civilians in an internal armed conflict.  Resolution 1973 provides an opportunity to examine: the development of sovereignty from its earliest inception to its position within the modern international system of states; the challenge humanitarian intervention posed to accepted principles of sovereignty, non-interference and the use of force; the recent addition of the concept of the Responsibility to Protect which re-conceptualised sovereignty as responsibility; and the Security Council's established practice in relation to authorising armed intervention, which is integral to this thesis.  Supporting this body of work is the Charter of the United Nations (1945) which articulates the body of rules that states are guided by in matters of international peace and security, and the protection of human rights, and which also determines the parameters of Security Council action.  
This thesis aims to establish that Resolution 1973 is a substantial contribution to the incremental development of sovereignty and how it is currently understood within international law.

year: 2015

title: The first accurate and precise calendar dating of New Zealand Māori Pā, using Otāhau Pā as a case study.

authors: Hogg, Alan G.

subjects: Māori pā

abstract: This research investigates the potential of radiocarbon wiggle-match dating of palisade posts to provide precise and accurate calendar ages for Māori pā (forts), using Otāhau Pā in the inland Waikato region, New Zealand, as a case study. Even though pā are a dominant element of the pre-European North Island archaeological landscape, they are poorly understood archaeologically, with systematic investigations hampered by the relative lack of precision in radiocarbon dating within the context of New Zealand’s comparatively short prehistory. Using the Southern Hemisphere calibration curve SHCal13, we determine wiggle-match calibrated ages for three palisade posts, using different sampling resolutions to determine the cost- effectiveness of the method. We also test the accuracy of the wiggle-match by obtaining new Southern Hemisphere calibration data from known calendar-age kauri.

text: The first accurate and precise calendar dating of New Zealand Māori Pā, using Otāhau Pā as a case study. This research investigates the potential of radiocarbon wiggle-match dating of palisade posts to provide precise and accurate calendar ages for Māori pā (forts), using Otāhau Pā in the inland Waikato region, New Zealand, as a case study. Even though pā are a dominant element of the pre-European North Island archaeological landscape, they are poorly understood archaeologically, with systematic investigations hampered by the relative lack of precision in radiocarbon dating within the context of New Zealand’s comparatively short prehistory. Using the Southern Hemisphere calibration curve SHCal13, we determine wiggle-match calibrated ages for three palisade posts, using different sampling resolutions to determine the cost- effectiveness of the method. We also test the accuracy of the wiggle-match by obtaining new Southern Hemisphere calibration data from known calendar-age kauri.

year: 2017