title: Networks of inflammation, depression, and cognition in aging males and females.

authors: Chalmers, Rebecca A.

subjects: Aging

abstract: BACKGROUND: Prioritizing the maintenance of healthy cognitive aging and personalizing preventive interventions to enhance their effectiveness is crucial as the global population ages. Systemic inflammation and depression in older people have been associated with decreased levels of cognition but results have been inconsistent. AIMS: To explore the interactive network of inflammation, depression and cognition by sex in older people. 
METHODS: We used novel network analysis to explore the unique associations between inflammatory biomarkers, depression, cognition, and somatic, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors in an older (aged 70-90 years), non-demented, community-dwelling sample from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Aging Study (N = 916) at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. 
RESULTS: The networks of biomarkers, depression, cognition, and relevant covariates were significantly different between males and females. A stable negative link between depression and cognition was found in females only; a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-6 and depression was found in females only; and a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-8 and alcohol was found in females only. For both males and females, a stable, positive relationship was found between the presence of APOE-ε4 gene and biomarker C-reactive protein; between education and cognition; and between biomarker interleukin-6 and all other biomarkers. 
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest different psychophysiological mechanisms underlie the interactive network of biomarkers, depression and cognition in males and females that should be considered when designing personalized preventive interventions to maintain cognitively healthy aging.

text: Networks of inflammation, depression, and cognition in aging males and females. BACKGROUND: Prioritizing the maintenance of healthy cognitive aging and personalizing preventive interventions to enhance their effectiveness is crucial as the global population ages. Systemic inflammation and depression in older people have been associated with decreased levels of cognition but results have been inconsistent. AIMS: To explore the interactive network of inflammation, depression and cognition by sex in older people. 
METHODS: We used novel network analysis to explore the unique associations between inflammatory biomarkers, depression, cognition, and somatic, genetic, and lifestyle risk factors in an older (aged 70-90 years), non-demented, community-dwelling sample from the longitudinal Sydney Memory and Aging Study (N = 916) at baseline and at a two-year follow-up. 
RESULTS: The networks of biomarkers, depression, cognition, and relevant covariates were significantly different between males and females. A stable negative link between depression and cognition was found in females only; a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-6 and depression was found in females only; and a stable positive association between biomarker interleukin-8 and alcohol was found in females only. For both males and females, a stable, positive relationship was found between the presence of APOE-ε4 gene and biomarker C-reactive protein; between education and cognition; and between biomarker interleukin-6 and all other biomarkers. 
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest different psychophysiological mechanisms underlie the interactive network of biomarkers, depression and cognition in males and females that should be considered when designing personalized preventive interventions to maintain cognitively healthy aging.

year: 2022-10

title: Inferring trust using personality aspects extracted from texts

authors: Granatyr, Jones

subjects: computer science

abstract: Trust mechanisms are considered the logical protection of software systems, preventing malicious people from taking advantage or cheating others. Although these concepts are widely used, most applications in this field do not consider affective aspects to aid in trust computation. Researchers of Psychology, Neurology, Anthropology, and Computer Science argue that affective aspects are essential to human's decision-making processes. So far, there is a lack of understanding about how these aspects impact user's trust, particularly when they are inserted in an evaluation system. In this paper, we propose a trust model that accounts for personality using three personality models: Big Five, Needs, and Values. We tested our approach by extracting personality aspects from texts provided by two online human-fed evaluation systems and correlating them to reputation values. The empirical experiments show statistically significant better results in comparison to non-personality-wise approaches.

text: Inferring trust using personality aspects extracted from texts Trust mechanisms are considered the logical protection of software systems, preventing malicious people from taking advantage or cheating others. Although these concepts are widely used, most applications in this field do not consider affective aspects to aid in trust computation. Researchers of Psychology, Neurology, Anthropology, and Computer Science argue that affective aspects are essential to human's decision-making processes. So far, there is a lack of understanding about how these aspects impact user's trust, particularly when they are inserted in an evaluation system. In this paper, we propose a trust model that accounts for personality using three personality models: Big Five, Needs, and Values. We tested our approach by extracting personality aspects from texts provided by two online human-fed evaluation systems and correlating them to reputation values. The empirical experiments show statistically significant better results in comparison to non-personality-wise approaches.

year: 2019

title: Māori cultural definitions of sexual violence.

authors: Pihama, Leonie

abstract: Exploring definitions of sexual violence in Aotearoa highlights that on the whole such definitions are located within dominant Pākehā frameworks that do not provide adequately for understanding the context of sexual violence for Māori. As such Māori working in the area of healing the trauma of sexual violence have been developing frameworks which are enabling of culturally defined understandings and traditional knowledge as a basis by which to understand sexual violence in Aotearoa. Informed by te reo and tikanga Māori (Māori language and culture) Māori healers, social workers and health providers have moved beyond western definitions and have highlighted the link between acts of sexual violence and the violence of colonial invasion. This article explores Māori perspectives of the origins and impacts of sexual violence for Māori and advocates for Kaupapa Māori and decolonising approaches to be more fully supported and engaged in dealing with these issues within our communities.

text: Māori cultural definitions of sexual violence. Exploring definitions of sexual violence in Aotearoa highlights that on the whole such definitions are located within dominant Pākehā frameworks that do not provide adequately for understanding the context of sexual violence for Māori. As such Māori working in the area of healing the trauma of sexual violence have been developing frameworks which are enabling of culturally defined understandings and traditional knowledge as a basis by which to understand sexual violence in Aotearoa. Informed by te reo and tikanga Māori (Māori language and culture) Māori healers, social workers and health providers have moved beyond western definitions and have highlighted the link between acts of sexual violence and the violence of colonial invasion. This article explores Māori perspectives of the origins and impacts of sexual violence for Māori and advocates for Kaupapa Māori and decolonising approaches to be more fully supported and engaged in dealing with these issues within our communities.

year: 2016