title: Labourers’ letters in the New Zealand Journal, Wellington, 1840-45: Lefebvre, Bernstein and pedagogies of appropriation

authors: Middleton, Sue

subjects: history

abstract: Henri Lefebvre suggested that social researchers engage in "the concrete analysis of rhythms" in order to reveal the "pedagogy of appropriation (the appropriation of the body, as of spatial practice)". Lefebvre's spatial analysis has influenced educational researchers, while the idea of "pedagogy" has travelled beyond education. This interdisciplinary paper combines Lefebvre's analytical trilogy of perceived, conceived and lived spaces with Bernstein's "pedagogical device" in an interrogation of historical documents. It engages in a "rhythm analysis" of the New Zealand Company's "pedagogical appropriation" of a group of agricultural labourers into its „"systematic colonisation scheme". The temporal-spatial rhythms of the labourers‟ lives are accessible in nine surviving letters they wrote in Wellington and sent to Surrey between 1841-1844. By revealing how their bodies were "traversed by rhythms rather as the "ether" is traversed by waves," we understand how bodies, social space and the self are mutually constitutive and constituted.

text: Labourers’ letters in the New Zealand Journal, Wellington, 1840-45: Lefebvre, Bernstein and pedagogies of appropriation Henri Lefebvre suggested that social researchers engage in "the concrete analysis of rhythms" in order to reveal the "pedagogy of appropriation (the appropriation of the body, as of spatial practice)". Lefebvre's spatial analysis has influenced educational researchers, while the idea of "pedagogy" has travelled beyond education. This interdisciplinary paper combines Lefebvre's analytical trilogy of perceived, conceived and lived spaces with Bernstein's "pedagogical device" in an interrogation of historical documents. It engages in a "rhythm analysis" of the New Zealand Company's "pedagogical appropriation" of a group of agricultural labourers into its „"systematic colonisation scheme". The temporal-spatial rhythms of the labourers‟ lives are accessible in nine surviving letters they wrote in Wellington and sent to Surrey between 1841-1844. By revealing how their bodies were "traversed by rhythms rather as the "ether" is traversed by waves," we understand how bodies, social space and the self are mutually constitutive and constituted.

year: 2009

title: Relationships between cyanobacteria and water colour in Central North Island lakes of contrasting trophic status

authors: Reed, Lisa

subjects: Cyanobacteria

abstract: Nutrient enrichment of lakes and rising global temperatures promote the proliferation of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more widespread and increasing in frequency, size and duration, causing a cascade of detrimental changes to freshwater ecosystems. Improved lake monitoring techniques are required for early detection of bloom initiation to allow mitigation measures to be better targeted. Recent studies suggest remote sensing of the reflectance spectra of lakes can be a valuable tool to map the distribution of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in near-real time, though as yet, these are not widely used in New Zealand. In this study, three Rotorua and five Waikato Lakes were sampled to determine hyperspectral reflectance, phytoplankton composition and biovolume, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin concentrations, and optically active constituents. The data obtained were used to develop algorithms to examine the utility of reflectance data to aid in estimations of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations and phytoplankton composition with a particular focus on cyanobacteria. Results show that relationships amongst reflectance-related attributes, including chromophoric dissolved organic material, suspended solids and absorption properties of phytoplankton and pigment concentrations varied among the lakes and, to varying extents, over time. Properties of specific regions of reflectance spectra could be used to predict concentrations of these two pigments, but reflectance was not effective in separating the effects of phytoplankton composition from the other optically active variables. The two algorithms best suited these lakes for estimation of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin showed strong relations with the observed pigments at R2 = 0.83 and R2 = 0.92, respectively. This suggests reflectance spectra and the appropriate algorithm can be used to yield estimations of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations within inland waters with a wide variation of bio-optical characteristics. Such information could contribute to the development of an early warning system to predict cyanobacterial biovolume in New Zealand lakes using remote sensing.

text: Relationships between cyanobacteria and water colour in Central North Island lakes of contrasting trophic status Nutrient enrichment of lakes and rising global temperatures promote the proliferation of cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming more widespread and increasing in frequency, size and duration, causing a cascade of detrimental changes to freshwater ecosystems. Improved lake monitoring techniques are required for early detection of bloom initiation to allow mitigation measures to be better targeted. Recent studies suggest remote sensing of the reflectance spectra of lakes can be a valuable tool to map the distribution of potentially toxic cyanobacteria in near-real time, though as yet, these are not widely used in New Zealand. In this study, three Rotorua and five Waikato Lakes were sampled to determine hyperspectral reflectance, phytoplankton composition and biovolume, chlorophyll a, phycocyanin concentrations, and optically active constituents. The data obtained were used to develop algorithms to examine the utility of reflectance data to aid in estimations of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations and phytoplankton composition with a particular focus on cyanobacteria. Results show that relationships amongst reflectance-related attributes, including chromophoric dissolved organic material, suspended solids and absorption properties of phytoplankton and pigment concentrations varied among the lakes and, to varying extents, over time. Properties of specific regions of reflectance spectra could be used to predict concentrations of these two pigments, but reflectance was not effective in separating the effects of phytoplankton composition from the other optically active variables. The two algorithms best suited these lakes for estimation of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin showed strong relations with the observed pigments at R2 = 0.83 and R2 = 0.92, respectively. This suggests reflectance spectra and the appropriate algorithm can be used to yield estimations of chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations within inland waters with a wide variation of bio-optical characteristics. Such information could contribute to the development of an early warning system to predict cyanobacterial biovolume in New Zealand lakes using remote sensing.

year: 2022

title: “Whānau Vibes”: Reclamation of self, space and community within group fitness gyms.

authors: Metekingi, Cydney

abstract: Group fitness gyms are becoming more popular in Aotearoa, New Zealand. This thesis is an investigation of the lived experiences of Māori members within a commercialised fitness space called BFT Hamilton East, located in Kirikiriroa, Hamilton. Drawing on Indigenous anthropology and autoethnography, and grounded in Kaupapa Māori theory, this thesis firstly explores how the gym becomes a site in which Māori members seek to reclaim the narrative around their own bodies. I explore the colonial depictions, the politics of the Indigenous body and how Māori-owned clothing brands contribute to this reclamation. I then examine how Māori gym members use the gym space with a sense of purpose, balancing the values of culture and commercialisation. And finally, I investigate the importance of relational well-being and the use of whanaungatanga and manaakitanga to create a sense of belonging among participants in their search for connection. In foregrounding Indigenous ways of knowing, being and moving in a commercial group fitness gym, this thesis aims to contribute to the anthropological conversations that advocate for the inclusion of Indigenous methodologies into Anthropology, centring Indigenous agency and advocating for the decolonisation of fitness spaces.

text: “Whānau Vibes”: Reclamation of self, space and community within group fitness gyms. Group fitness gyms are becoming more popular in Aotearoa, New Zealand. This thesis is an investigation of the lived experiences of Māori members within a commercialised fitness space called BFT Hamilton East, located in Kirikiriroa, Hamilton. Drawing on Indigenous anthropology and autoethnography, and grounded in Kaupapa Māori theory, this thesis firstly explores how the gym becomes a site in which Māori members seek to reclaim the narrative around their own bodies. I explore the colonial depictions, the politics of the Indigenous body and how Māori-owned clothing brands contribute to this reclamation. I then examine how Māori gym members use the gym space with a sense of purpose, balancing the values of culture and commercialisation. And finally, I investigate the importance of relational well-being and the use of whanaungatanga and manaakitanga to create a sense of belonging among participants in their search for connection. In foregrounding Indigenous ways of knowing, being and moving in a commercial group fitness gym, this thesis aims to contribute to the anthropological conversations that advocate for the inclusion of Indigenous methodologies into Anthropology, centring Indigenous agency and advocating for the decolonisation of fitness spaces.

year: 2025