title: Modelling income effects on long and short haul international travel from Japan

authors: Lim, Christine

subjects: Japanese travel demand

abstract: International travel and tourism are among the most dynamic sectors in the modern economy. The phenomenal growth in international tourist arrivals has significantly outpaced global economic growth over the previous five decades, with particularly strong growth in the Asia and Pacific regions. Among other factors, changes in aircraft technology, economic prosperity and international air service liberalization in the late 1970s have contributed to the growth in the Japanese long haul outbound travel demand. The prolonged economic recession in Japan in the 1990s has changed Japanese outbound tourist preferences for travel to short haul destinations. Income in the origin country is arguably the most widely used explanatory variable in the extant empirical tourism demand literature. This paper examines the dynamic relationship between travel demand and real income in Japan using linear and nonlinear models in order to distinguish between travel demand to Taiwan and New Zealand, which are two short and long haul markets for Japan. The empirical findings that New Zealand has a higher income elasticity of demand as compared with Taiwan should be useful for tourism authorities in developing better informed policies and to manage tourism resources efficiently in destination marketing.

text: Modelling income effects on long and short haul international travel from Japan International travel and tourism are among the most dynamic sectors in the modern economy. The phenomenal growth in international tourist arrivals has significantly outpaced global economic growth over the previous five decades, with particularly strong growth in the Asia and Pacific regions. Among other factors, changes in aircraft technology, economic prosperity and international air service liberalization in the late 1970s have contributed to the growth in the Japanese long haul outbound travel demand. The prolonged economic recession in Japan in the 1990s has changed Japanese outbound tourist preferences for travel to short haul destinations. Income in the origin country is arguably the most widely used explanatory variable in the extant empirical tourism demand literature. This paper examines the dynamic relationship between travel demand and real income in Japan using linear and nonlinear models in order to distinguish between travel demand to Taiwan and New Zealand, which are two short and long haul markets for Japan. The empirical findings that New Zealand has a higher income elasticity of demand as compared with Taiwan should be useful for tourism authorities in developing better informed policies and to manage tourism resources efficiently in destination marketing.

year: 2008

title: Molecular Systematics of the New Caledonian Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae)

authors: Carter, Sophie Nicole

subjects: Phylogenetics

abstract: New Caledonia is an archipelago located in the southwest pacific.  It has a tropical climate influenced by the surrounding sea and is recognised as a “biodiversity hotspot”.  The flora of New Caledonia is poorly understood especially in regards to Lauraceae which has not undergone taxonomic revision since Kostermans 1974 taxonomic treatment.
The aim of this study was to test the taxonomic delimitations of the Lauraceae sub-family Cryptocaryeae in New Caledonia.  This study tested whether the New Caledonian Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya and Endiandra are monophyletic.  Were these genera the result of one or more colonization events?  This study tested if the Cryptocarya group forms two clades as suggested by Rowher et al. (2014) and van der Merwe et al. (2016).
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using ITS and Bayesian inference, 58 new complete ITS sequences were generated. Majority of the sequences generated were New Caledonian specimens, overall the topology of the tree was well supported.
New Caledonian Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are monophyletic, whereas, the New Caledonian Cryptocarya are not monophyletic.  New Caledonian Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are most likely the result of a single colonization event for each genus and subsequent radiation.  New Caledonian Cryptocarya are most likely the result of multiple colonization events.  The relationship between the clades of Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are unresolved.  Cryptocarya forms two strongly support clades supporting the findings of Rohwer et al. (2014) and van der Merwe et al. (2016).
Between Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya and Endiandra, there are at least six putative new species and five genetically diverse species.  These samples need to undergo taxonomic revision and potential reidentification.  The biogeographical relationship between New Caledonian Cryptocaryeae and the rest of the Cryptocaryeae sampled is unresolved and requires further data collection and study.

text: Molecular Systematics of the New Caledonian Cryptocaryeae (Lauraceae) New Caledonia is an archipelago located in the southwest pacific.  It has a tropical climate influenced by the surrounding sea and is recognised as a “biodiversity hotspot”.  The flora of New Caledonia is poorly understood especially in regards to Lauraceae which has not undergone taxonomic revision since Kostermans 1974 taxonomic treatment.
The aim of this study was to test the taxonomic delimitations of the Lauraceae sub-family Cryptocaryeae in New Caledonia.  This study tested whether the New Caledonian Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya and Endiandra are monophyletic.  Were these genera the result of one or more colonization events?  This study tested if the Cryptocarya group forms two clades as suggested by Rowher et al. (2014) and van der Merwe et al. (2016).
The phylogenetic analyses were conducted using ITS and Bayesian inference, 58 new complete ITS sequences were generated. Majority of the sequences generated were New Caledonian specimens, overall the topology of the tree was well supported.
New Caledonian Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are monophyletic, whereas, the New Caledonian Cryptocarya are not monophyletic.  New Caledonian Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are most likely the result of a single colonization event for each genus and subsequent radiation.  New Caledonian Cryptocarya are most likely the result of multiple colonization events.  The relationship between the clades of Beilschmiedia and Endiandra are unresolved.  Cryptocarya forms two strongly support clades supporting the findings of Rohwer et al. (2014) and van der Merwe et al. (2016).
Between Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya and Endiandra, there are at least six putative new species and five genetically diverse species.  These samples need to undergo taxonomic revision and potential reidentification.  The biogeographical relationship between New Caledonian Cryptocaryeae and the rest of the Cryptocaryeae sampled is unresolved and requires further data collection and study.

year: 2017

title: Culture, Courage and Change: The experiences of a Te Kotahitanga facilitation team

authors: Lamont, Robyn Elizabeth

subjects: culturally responsive pedagogy of relations

abstract: This thesis explores the experiences of the Te Kotahitanga facilitation team in one of the 12 Phase 3 Te Kotahitanga schools between 2003 and 2006. The collaborative story through which those experiences are shared includes the voices of the Lead facilitator, the two co-principals, and an RTLB/facilitator. This thesis begins by seeking to understand the historical impact of culturally located discourses of colonisation on the lives of the indigenous Māori people in New Zealand. From within a platform of Māori theorising it also considers Kaupapa Māori research methodologies and explores Māori people’s aspirations for self determination (tino rangatiratanga). It then considers the principles and practices of engaging as a bicultural partnership to improve educational outcomes for Māori students. Through a discussion of the facilitation team's experiences of learning about a culturally responsive pedagogy of relations through the development and support of culturally responsive contexts for learning, three important themes emerge: culture, courage and change. The impact of deficit theorising and pathologising practices on the culture of Maori students and their teachers is examined. The courage required of the Te Kotahitanga principals and facilitators to challenge and disrupt the assumptions that underpinned the historical status quo in this school and the importance of remaining steadfast in response to the dissonance and resistance that these change processes created is then discussed. Finally, this thesis highlights both the interdependent nature of the change required and the power of the collective in creating change; change within ourselves, within our classrooms and within our schools and communities for the benefit of Māori students, and of all students.

text: Culture, Courage and Change: The experiences of a Te Kotahitanga facilitation team This thesis explores the experiences of the Te Kotahitanga facilitation team in one of the 12 Phase 3 Te Kotahitanga schools between 2003 and 2006. The collaborative story through which those experiences are shared includes the voices of the Lead facilitator, the two co-principals, and an RTLB/facilitator. This thesis begins by seeking to understand the historical impact of culturally located discourses of colonisation on the lives of the indigenous Māori people in New Zealand. From within a platform of Māori theorising it also considers Kaupapa Māori research methodologies and explores Māori people’s aspirations for self determination (tino rangatiratanga). It then considers the principles and practices of engaging as a bicultural partnership to improve educational outcomes for Māori students. Through a discussion of the facilitation team's experiences of learning about a culturally responsive pedagogy of relations through the development and support of culturally responsive contexts for learning, three important themes emerge: culture, courage and change. The impact of deficit theorising and pathologising practices on the culture of Maori students and their teachers is examined. The courage required of the Te Kotahitanga principals and facilitators to challenge and disrupt the assumptions that underpinned the historical status quo in this school and the importance of remaining steadfast in response to the dissonance and resistance that these change processes created is then discussed. Finally, this thesis highlights both the interdependent nature of the change required and the power of the collective in creating change; change within ourselves, within our classrooms and within our schools and communities for the benefit of Māori students, and of all students.

year: 2011