title: The problem with 'the problem with gangs': Reflections on practice and offender desistance

authors: Tamatea, Armon J.

abstract: Gang membership is considered to be a criminogenic factor that negatively impacts an individual’s ability to successfully desist from offending and presents special management challenges across Corrections’ service delivery. Despite the durability of gangs in New Zealand, these groups are poorly defined with little known about disengagement processes that may inform broader criminal desistance pathways. This paper argues that a theory of gangs is a necessary step to inform constructive and sustainable behaviour change practices. A transitional perspective of gang-centred lifestyles is proposed as a starting point to considering efficacious intervention efforts with offenders who identify with these complex and challenging groups.

text: The problem with 'the problem with gangs': Reflections on practice and offender desistance Gang membership is considered to be a criminogenic factor that negatively impacts an individual’s ability to successfully desist from offending and presents special management challenges across Corrections’ service delivery. Despite the durability of gangs in New Zealand, these groups are poorly defined with little known about disengagement processes that may inform broader criminal desistance pathways. This paper argues that a theory of gangs is a necessary step to inform constructive and sustainable behaviour change practices. A transitional perspective of gang-centred lifestyles is proposed as a starting point to considering efficacious intervention efforts with offenders who identify with these complex and challenging groups.

year: 2015

title: Exact solutions for steady state, spine, and fan magnetic reconnection

authors: Craig, Ian J.D.

abstract: The problem of steady state, incompressible magnetic reconnection in three dimensions is addressed. It is shown that exact reconnection solutions can be constructed by superposing nonlinear disturbances onto three-dimensional magnetic AT-points. There are two distinct families of reconnection solutions. These can be understood in terms of the eigenstructure of the null, that is, in terms of the "spine" curves and "fan" surfaces that define the separatrices of the field. One family of solutions is driven by disturbances in the fan and involves quasi-cylindrical current structures aligned to the axis of the spine; the other is associated with advection across the spine and a global current sheet aligned to the fan. Although both spine and fan solutions reduce to the two-dimensional analytic, shear-flow solutions of Craig & Henton, the three-dimensional spine current formulation allows far richer reconnective current structures. © 1996, The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

text: Exact solutions for steady state, spine, and fan magnetic reconnection The problem of steady state, incompressible magnetic reconnection in three dimensions is addressed. It is shown that exact reconnection solutions can be constructed by superposing nonlinear disturbances onto three-dimensional magnetic AT-points. There are two distinct families of reconnection solutions. These can be understood in terms of the eigenstructure of the null, that is, in terms of the "spine" curves and "fan" surfaces that define the separatrices of the field. One family of solutions is driven by disturbances in the fan and involves quasi-cylindrical current structures aligned to the axis of the spine; the other is associated with advection across the spine and a global current sheet aligned to the fan. Although both spine and fan solutions reduce to the two-dimensional analytic, shear-flow solutions of Craig & Henton, the three-dimensional spine current formulation allows far richer reconnective current structures. © 1996, The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

year: 1996

title: 'Te Kawau Mārō' The Role of Media in Revitalising Te Reo Māori

authors: Hill, Jessie Lee Anahira

subjects: Media

abstract: The intent of this thesis is to investigate the role media plays in relation to the revitalisation of te reo Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand society. This is essential as the media's latent potential is often underestimated and therefore underutilised. 

For Māori and inevitably te reo Māori, media has been a topic of heated contestation for over a century. It is postulated that throughout this troubled history, media's influence has contributed to an erosion of te reo Māori and then conversely, since the late 20th century, its attempted revival. The journey of te reo Māori from past to present may be likened to a voyage of a traditional 'waka hourua' (voyaging or double hulled canoe). 'Nga ngaru e toru' ('three waves') illustrates the three stages that I have defined as catalysts significantly impacting te reo Māori. 

Grounded firmly in a Kaupapa Māori methodological and theoretical framework based on careful research and intimate cultural knowledge, my innovative approaches to language revitalisation entitled the Tapatoru (triangle) Model 1 and Tapatoru Model 2 will be introduced and explained. These distinct language revitalisation paradigms illustrate the core ingredients needed in effective language revival and illustrate the positioning and function of the media within these strategic models.

text: 'Te Kawau Mārō' The Role of Media in Revitalising Te Reo Māori The intent of this thesis is to investigate the role media plays in relation to the revitalisation of te reo Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand society. This is essential as the media's latent potential is often underestimated and therefore underutilised. 

For Māori and inevitably te reo Māori, media has been a topic of heated contestation for over a century. It is postulated that throughout this troubled history, media's influence has contributed to an erosion of te reo Māori and then conversely, since the late 20th century, its attempted revival. The journey of te reo Māori from past to present may be likened to a voyage of a traditional 'waka hourua' (voyaging or double hulled canoe). 'Nga ngaru e toru' ('three waves') illustrates the three stages that I have defined as catalysts significantly impacting te reo Māori. 

Grounded firmly in a Kaupapa Māori methodological and theoretical framework based on careful research and intimate cultural knowledge, my innovative approaches to language revitalisation entitled the Tapatoru (triangle) Model 1 and Tapatoru Model 2 will be introduced and explained. These distinct language revitalisation paradigms illustrate the core ingredients needed in effective language revival and illustrate the positioning and function of the media within these strategic models.

year: 2010