title: Surficial sediments of Raglan Harbour

authors: Sherwood, Alan M.

subjects: Raglan Harbour

abstract: Raglan Harbour, a drowned river valley system lying in a structurally depressed fault‐block, has a maximum depth of 18 m and covers about 33 km2, 70% of which consists of tidal flats up to 1 km wide and dissected by channels up to 5 m deep. Salinities range mainly from 30 to 33%0, and truly estuarine conditions are restricted to the tidal reaches of small streams entering the harbour.Sediments range from clean, well sorted sands in the beaches, dunes, channels, and bars in the lower harbour to mainly muddy sands, sandy muds, and muds in the extensive tidal flats of the middle and upper harbour. Gravelly sediments occur sporadically as the product of shore line erosion, and as lag and dump deposits in channels. Sediment transport and deposition is primarily under the control of cyclically variable, multidirectional tidal flows, complicated by a complex bottom topography. TidaJ currents attain surface speeds of 50–150 cm.s‐1 and effect mainly a net seaward drift of suspended sediment but a net up‐harbour transport of bed‐load material. Harbour sediments consist of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals supplied by streams and by shore line erosion from hinterland Mesozoic to Quaternary sedimentary and volcanic rocks; of titanomagnetic and ferromagnesian minerals derived mainly from coastal ironsands by wind, wave, and current action; and of skeletal aragonite and calcite supplied by an intrabasinail, predominantly molluscan benthos. Subrecent to Recent diagenetic phosphatic concretions occur locally in the harbour. A large proportion of the tidal flats in Raglan Harbour are simply sediment‐covered rock platforms formed by active erosion by wetting and drying of coast line montmorillonitic mudstones; cliff recession rates of about 2 cm.y‐1 are indicated. Only a thin veneer of sediment covers the modern shore platform which is up to 100 m wide and has been cut during the last 5000 years, since when Raglan Harbour has acted mainly as a sediment trap. A ‐10 m platform beneath the tidal flats is up to 600 m wide and was eroded during an interstadial sea level stand, possibly from 85 000 to 60 000 years ago, with contemporaneous deposition of the montmorillonite‐dominated detritus on the continental shelf. © 1979 Taylor & Francis Group, Ltd.

text: Surficial sediments of Raglan Harbour Raglan Harbour, a drowned river valley system lying in a structurally depressed fault‐block, has a maximum depth of 18 m and covers about 33 km2, 70% of which consists of tidal flats up to 1 km wide and dissected by channels up to 5 m deep. Salinities range mainly from 30 to 33%0, and truly estuarine conditions are restricted to the tidal reaches of small streams entering the harbour.Sediments range from clean, well sorted sands in the beaches, dunes, channels, and bars in the lower harbour to mainly muddy sands, sandy muds, and muds in the extensive tidal flats of the middle and upper harbour. Gravelly sediments occur sporadically as the product of shore line erosion, and as lag and dump deposits in channels. Sediment transport and deposition is primarily under the control of cyclically variable, multidirectional tidal flows, complicated by a complex bottom topography. TidaJ currents attain surface speeds of 50–150 cm.s‐1 and effect mainly a net seaward drift of suspended sediment but a net up‐harbour transport of bed‐load material. Harbour sediments consist of quartz, feldspar, and clay minerals supplied by streams and by shore line erosion from hinterland Mesozoic to Quaternary sedimentary and volcanic rocks; of titanomagnetic and ferromagnesian minerals derived mainly from coastal ironsands by wind, wave, and current action; and of skeletal aragonite and calcite supplied by an intrabasinail, predominantly molluscan benthos. Subrecent to Recent diagenetic phosphatic concretions occur locally in the harbour. A large proportion of the tidal flats in Raglan Harbour are simply sediment‐covered rock platforms formed by active erosion by wetting and drying of coast line montmorillonitic mudstones; cliff recession rates of about 2 cm.y‐1 are indicated. Only a thin veneer of sediment covers the modern shore platform which is up to 100 m wide and has been cut during the last 5000 years, since when Raglan Harbour has acted mainly as a sediment trap. A ‐10 m platform beneath the tidal flats is up to 600 m wide and was eroded during an interstadial sea level stand, possibly from 85 000 to 60 000 years ago, with contemporaneous deposition of the montmorillonite‐dominated detritus on the continental shelf. © 1979 Taylor & Francis Group, Ltd.

year: 1979-12-01

title: The educational philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi

authors: Edwards, Alexander

abstract: This thesis discusses the educational philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi, the principal and founder of Tomoe Gakuen, the innovative school featured in the novel Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window. It begins with an introduction to the novel and its author, situating Tomoe Gakuen within the broader context of early-20th-century Japanese education. After discussing the features of the progressive education movement, I then explore the key principles, values, and teaching style that Sosaku Kobayashi employs, as illustrated through the anecdotes in the novel, and the goals they are intended to achieve. Following this, I discuss how learner-centered education has influenced modern curricula worldwide since the Second World War and examine the ongoing dialogue between its detractors and advocates. This segues into a comparison between the learning philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi and other prominent styles of progressive education, namely Montessori, Steiner, and outdoor-focused education. Finally, I explore what Kobayashi’s philosophy might have looked like had it developed into a broader educational movement and continued to flourish into the 21st century beyond Tomoe Gakuen.

text: The educational philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi This thesis discusses the educational philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi, the principal and founder of Tomoe Gakuen, the innovative school featured in the novel Totto-chan: The Little Girl at the Window. It begins with an introduction to the novel and its author, situating Tomoe Gakuen within the broader context of early-20th-century Japanese education. After discussing the features of the progressive education movement, I then explore the key principles, values, and teaching style that Sosaku Kobayashi employs, as illustrated through the anecdotes in the novel, and the goals they are intended to achieve. Following this, I discuss how learner-centered education has influenced modern curricula worldwide since the Second World War and examine the ongoing dialogue between its detractors and advocates. This segues into a comparison between the learning philosophy of Sosaku Kobayashi and other prominent styles of progressive education, namely Montessori, Steiner, and outdoor-focused education. Finally, I explore what Kobayashi’s philosophy might have looked like had it developed into a broader educational movement and continued to flourish into the 21st century beyond Tomoe Gakuen.

year: 2025

title: In service provision for teachers of Maori language and teachers who teach through the medium of Maori: A working model reviewed

authors: Johnson, Diane

subjects: te reo Māori

abstract: This paper reports on the design, administration and effectiveness of an in-service programme designed by the University of Waikato in partnership with the New Zealand Ministry of Education. The programme aims to: improve language proficiency; assist with the interpretation and implementation of Māori curriculum statements; address issues involved in teaching Māori and teaching through the medium of Māori; assist with lesson planning and lesson delivery, materials development and testing and assessment.

text: In service provision for teachers of Maori language and teachers who teach through the medium of Maori: A working model reviewed This paper reports on the design, administration and effectiveness of an in-service programme designed by the University of Waikato in partnership with the New Zealand Ministry of Education. The programme aims to: improve language proficiency; assist with the interpretation and implementation of Māori curriculum statements; address issues involved in teaching Māori and teaching through the medium of Māori; assist with lesson planning and lesson delivery, materials development and testing and assessment.

year: 2001-02