title: Laptops for teachers: practices and possibilities

authors: Cowie, Bronwen

subjects: teachers’ laptops

abstract: The Laptops for Teachers scheme in New Zealand provides teachers whose schools opt into the scheme access to a laptop for their exclusive use. This paper reports on the findings of the three‐year evaluation of the impact of the laptops on secondary teachers’ work. The findings indicate that school leadership has been pivotal to the provision of the technological infrastructure and organisational support needed for teacher use of the laptops. Departmental leadership has been crucial in supporting teacher use of laptops for teaching and learning. Teachers described gains in expertise, indicating that they used the laptop for a range of purposes to support their teaching. These included lesson planning and preparation, and reporting. Where teachers had easy access to a laptop‐plus‐data projector they found that students responded to material that included images and up‐to‐date real‐world examples. Colleagues were identified as the main source of professional development for the use of the laptop for teaching purposes. The findings of the study suggest schools are advised to consider how to support teachers to work collaboratively to share expertise as a way of supporting and extending teacher use of laptops.

text: Laptops for teachers: practices and possibilities The Laptops for Teachers scheme in New Zealand provides teachers whose schools opt into the scheme access to a laptop for their exclusive use. This paper reports on the findings of the three‐year evaluation of the impact of the laptops on secondary teachers’ work. The findings indicate that school leadership has been pivotal to the provision of the technological infrastructure and organisational support needed for teacher use of the laptops. Departmental leadership has been crucial in supporting teacher use of laptops for teaching and learning. Teachers described gains in expertise, indicating that they used the laptop for a range of purposes to support their teaching. These included lesson planning and preparation, and reporting. Where teachers had easy access to a laptop‐plus‐data projector they found that students responded to material that included images and up‐to‐date real‐world examples. Colleagues were identified as the main source of professional development for the use of the laptop for teaching purposes. The findings of the study suggest schools are advised to consider how to support teachers to work collaboratively to share expertise as a way of supporting and extending teacher use of laptops.

year: 2011

title: Synthesis and characterisation of novel ferrocenyl compounds

authors: Alley, Steven R.

abstract: The ferrocenyl phosphonate mono-ester FcCH₂P(O)(OPh)OH 1 (Fc = ferrocenyl) was prepared from FcCH₂P(O)(OPh)₂. The related mono-ester FcCH₂P(O)(OEt)OH 2 was prepared by the reaction of FcCH₂NMe₃I with diethyl phosphite. The ferrocenyl phosphonic acids FcP(O)(OH)₂ 3, FcCH₂P(O)(OH)₂ 4, FcCH₂CH₂P(O)(OH)₂ 5, 1,1'-Fc' [P(O)(OH)₂]₂ 6 and 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂P(O)(OH)₂]₂ 7 were synthesised by hydrolysis of the corresponding phosphonate esters. X-ray crystal structure determinations were carried out for compounds 4 and 7. The ferrocenyl phenylphosphonate esters FcP(O)(OPh)₂ 8 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(O)(OPh)₂]₂ 9 were also synthesised and characterised. The ferrocenyl arsonic acid FcCH₂CH₂AѕP(O)(OH)₂ 10 was prepared by the reaction of FcCH₂CH₂Br with Na₃AѕO₃. The behaviour of 10 and the arsenic acids PhAѕ(O)(OH)₂, 2-NH₂-(C₆H₄)Aѕ(O)(OH)₂ and Me₂Aѕ(O)(OH) in negative ion ESMS was investigated in some depth. The carbon-arsenic bond in these compounds was found to cleave at moderate cone voltages.

The bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum complexes (Ph₃P)₂PtO₃PR (R = Fc 11,CH2Fc 12, CH₂CH₂Fc 13) and 1,1'-Fc'[PO₃Pt(PPh₃)₂]₂ 14 were prepared and characterised. Single crystal structural determination of these compounds showed the expected chelation of the ferrocenyl phosphonate ligand to the platinum centre.

The reduction of various ferrocenyl ethylphosphonate esters gave the known primary ferrocenyl phosphines FcCH₂PH₂ 15, FcPH₂ 16, and 1,1'-Fc'[PH₂]₂ 17 in high yield. In addition the novel ferrocenyl phosphines FcCH₂CH₂PH₂ 18, 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂ 19, 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂ 20 and the ferrocenyl arsine FcCH₂CH₂AѕH₂ 25 were prepared and characterised. The X-ray crystal structure determination was carried out for 25. This is one of the few structures known for primary arsine compounds. The crystal structure of 18 was found to be isomorphous with that of 25. The stability of phosphines 15-20 toward air oxidation was investigated using ³¹P nmr. The phosphines 18, 19 and 20 were found to be remarkably stable in air. The stability of 25 toward oxidation in air was investigated using elemental analysis. The arsine showed appreciable stability in air despite the sterically unencumbered nature of the arsine group.

Reaction of 19 and 20 with (Pip)Mo(CO)₄ (Pip = Piperidine) and (thf)Mo(CO)₅ resulted in the complexes, 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄ 21, 1,1'Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄ 22, 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂Mo(CO)₅]₂ 23, and 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂Mo(CO)₅]₂ 24 which were routinely characterised. A by-product of the synthesis of 22 was the larger oligomer [1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄]₂ 22a which was identified by ESMS.

The chemical oxidation of 15 was undertaken using H₂O₂ and monitored by ³¹P nmr. Oxidation of the phosphine to phosphine oxide and phosphinic acid products was observed. Excess oxidant led to the oxidation of the ferrocene group and decomposition of the sample. The compounds FcCH₂P(O)H₂ 26 and FcCH₂P(O)(OH)H 27 were prepared and characterised by nmr and ESMS.

The ferrocenyl hydroxymethyl phosphines FcP(CH₂OH)₂ 28 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 29 were prepared by the reaction of 16 and 17 with formaldehyde. The crystal structure of 28 was determined and compared with that of the known compound ferrocenyl hydroxymethyl phosphine FcCH₂P(CH₂OH)₂.

The hydroxymethyl phosphine chalcogenides FcP(O)(CH₂OH)₂ 30, FcP(S)(CH₂OH)₂ 31 and FcP(Se)(CH₂OH)₂ 32 were prepared and fully characterised. The crystal structures of 30 and 31 were determined from single crystal X-ray data. The structure of 32 was found to be isomorphous with that of 31. Hydrogen bonding networks in the structures of 30 and 31 were compared to each other and to other analogous compounds. The hydroxymethyl phosphine chalcogenides 1,1'-Fc'[P(O)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 33, 1,1'-Fc'[P(S)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 34 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(Se)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 35 were also prepared and characterised.

The platinum complex [FcP(CH₂OH)₂]₂PtCl₂ 36 was synthesised by the reaction of 28 and (COD)PtCl₂. Reaction of 29 with (COD)MCl₂ (M = Pt and Pd) gave the analogous metal complexes, 1,1'-Fc'[P(CH₂OH)₂]₂MCl₂ which were unable to be fully characterised. The platinum and palladium complexes of ferrocenyl hydroxymethylphosphines were found to form [M+Cl⁻]⁻ ions under ESMS conditions.

text: Synthesis and characterisation of novel ferrocenyl compounds The ferrocenyl phosphonate mono-ester FcCH₂P(O)(OPh)OH 1 (Fc = ferrocenyl) was prepared from FcCH₂P(O)(OPh)₂. The related mono-ester FcCH₂P(O)(OEt)OH 2 was prepared by the reaction of FcCH₂NMe₃I with diethyl phosphite. The ferrocenyl phosphonic acids FcP(O)(OH)₂ 3, FcCH₂P(O)(OH)₂ 4, FcCH₂CH₂P(O)(OH)₂ 5, 1,1'-Fc' [P(O)(OH)₂]₂ 6 and 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂P(O)(OH)₂]₂ 7 were synthesised by hydrolysis of the corresponding phosphonate esters. X-ray crystal structure determinations were carried out for compounds 4 and 7. The ferrocenyl phenylphosphonate esters FcP(O)(OPh)₂ 8 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(O)(OPh)₂]₂ 9 were also synthesised and characterised. The ferrocenyl arsonic acid FcCH₂CH₂AѕP(O)(OH)₂ 10 was prepared by the reaction of FcCH₂CH₂Br with Na₃AѕO₃. The behaviour of 10 and the arsenic acids PhAѕ(O)(OH)₂, 2-NH₂-(C₆H₄)Aѕ(O)(OH)₂ and Me₂Aѕ(O)(OH) in negative ion ESMS was investigated in some depth. The carbon-arsenic bond in these compounds was found to cleave at moderate cone voltages.

The bis(triphenylphosphine)platinum complexes (Ph₃P)₂PtO₃PR (R = Fc 11,CH2Fc 12, CH₂CH₂Fc 13) and 1,1'-Fc'[PO₃Pt(PPh₃)₂]₂ 14 were prepared and characterised. Single crystal structural determination of these compounds showed the expected chelation of the ferrocenyl phosphonate ligand to the platinum centre.

The reduction of various ferrocenyl ethylphosphonate esters gave the known primary ferrocenyl phosphines FcCH₂PH₂ 15, FcPH₂ 16, and 1,1'-Fc'[PH₂]₂ 17 in high yield. In addition the novel ferrocenyl phosphines FcCH₂CH₂PH₂ 18, 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂ 19, 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂ 20 and the ferrocenyl arsine FcCH₂CH₂AѕH₂ 25 were prepared and characterised. The X-ray crystal structure determination was carried out for 25. This is one of the few structures known for primary arsine compounds. The crystal structure of 18 was found to be isomorphous with that of 25. The stability of phosphines 15-20 toward air oxidation was investigated using ³¹P nmr. The phosphines 18, 19 and 20 were found to be remarkably stable in air. The stability of 25 toward oxidation in air was investigated using elemental analysis. The arsine showed appreciable stability in air despite the sterically unencumbered nature of the arsine group.

Reaction of 19 and 20 with (Pip)Mo(CO)₄ (Pip = Piperidine) and (thf)Mo(CO)₅ resulted in the complexes, 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄ 21, 1,1'Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄ 22, 1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂Mo(CO)₅]₂ 23, and 1,2'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂Mo(CO)₅]₂ 24 which were routinely characterised. A by-product of the synthesis of 22 was the larger oligomer [1,1'-Fc'[CH₂PH₂]₂Mo(CO)₄]₂ 22a which was identified by ESMS.

The chemical oxidation of 15 was undertaken using H₂O₂ and monitored by ³¹P nmr. Oxidation of the phosphine to phosphine oxide and phosphinic acid products was observed. Excess oxidant led to the oxidation of the ferrocene group and decomposition of the sample. The compounds FcCH₂P(O)H₂ 26 and FcCH₂P(O)(OH)H 27 were prepared and characterised by nmr and ESMS.

The ferrocenyl hydroxymethyl phosphines FcP(CH₂OH)₂ 28 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 29 were prepared by the reaction of 16 and 17 with formaldehyde. The crystal structure of 28 was determined and compared with that of the known compound ferrocenyl hydroxymethyl phosphine FcCH₂P(CH₂OH)₂.

The hydroxymethyl phosphine chalcogenides FcP(O)(CH₂OH)₂ 30, FcP(S)(CH₂OH)₂ 31 and FcP(Se)(CH₂OH)₂ 32 were prepared and fully characterised. The crystal structures of 30 and 31 were determined from single crystal X-ray data. The structure of 32 was found to be isomorphous with that of 31. Hydrogen bonding networks in the structures of 30 and 31 were compared to each other and to other analogous compounds. The hydroxymethyl phosphine chalcogenides 1,1'-Fc'[P(O)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 33, 1,1'-Fc'[P(S)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 34 and 1,1'-Fc'[P(Se)(CH₂OH)₂]₂ 35 were also prepared and characterised.

The platinum complex [FcP(CH₂OH)₂]₂PtCl₂ 36 was synthesised by the reaction of 28 and (COD)PtCl₂. Reaction of 29 with (COD)MCl₂ (M = Pt and Pd) gave the analogous metal complexes, 1,1'-Fc'[P(CH₂OH)₂]₂MCl₂ which were unable to be fully characterised. The platinum and palladium complexes of ferrocenyl hydroxymethylphosphines were found to form [M+Cl⁻]⁻ ions under ESMS conditions.

year: 2001

title: Using the stars to indigenize the public sphere: Matariki over New Zealand

authors: Hardy, Anna

subjects: Arts & Humanities

abstract: As the rate of affiliation to Christian identity continues to decline in Aotearoa New Zealand (only 49 percent of the population said they were Christian in the last census), public space has become more receptive to other forms of religiosity. In particular, community rituals around the winter movements of the Matariki (Pleiades) constellation have gained support since the year 2000. For instance, the capital city, Wellington, has replaced a centuries’ old British fireworks festival, Guy Fawkes, with an enlarged version of its Matariki celebrations: an action seen as a tipping point in the incorporation of Māori spiritual values into public life. Interactions between European colonisers and Māori have been characterised for more than 250 years by tensions between the relational thinking of Māori who see human beings as both participating in and constrained by an environment resonant with divine energies, and the quantitative, hierarchical, ‘Great Chain of Being’ model that had long been dominant among Europeans. Now, when the natural environment worldwide is under strain from population and economic pressures, it seems to some both appropriate and vital to look to epistemological and spiritual models that are intimately responsive to the specificities of location.

text: Using the stars to indigenize the public sphere: Matariki over New Zealand As the rate of affiliation to Christian identity continues to decline in Aotearoa New Zealand (only 49 percent of the population said they were Christian in the last census), public space has become more receptive to other forms of religiosity. In particular, community rituals around the winter movements of the Matariki (Pleiades) constellation have gained support since the year 2000. For instance, the capital city, Wellington, has replaced a centuries’ old British fireworks festival, Guy Fawkes, with an enlarged version of its Matariki celebrations: an action seen as a tipping point in the incorporation of Māori spiritual values into public life. Interactions between European colonisers and Māori have been characterised for more than 250 years by tensions between the relational thinking of Māori who see human beings as both participating in and constrained by an environment resonant with divine energies, and the quantitative, hierarchical, ‘Great Chain of Being’ model that had long been dominant among Europeans. Now, when the natural environment worldwide is under strain from population and economic pressures, it seems to some both appropriate and vital to look to epistemological and spiritual models that are intimately responsive to the specificities of location.

year: 2019