title: Volcanic geology and physical volcanology of Mount Morning, Antarctica

authors: van Woerden, Timothy H.

abstract: Mount Morning is 70 km south of Ross Island and is part of the Cenozoic McMurdo Volcanic Group, which includes the presently active Erebus volcano. Few previous studies have investigated the mountain. 
The main exposures occur on two ridges on the northwest of the mountain, the field area is a roughly 3x5 km area on the northern part of the Riviera Ridge. The exposed geology indicates two main episodes of volcanic activity; Miocene trachytes and trachyandesites and Quaternary basanites and phonolites. 
This project is focused primarily on the Quaternary basanites and the objectives were: 

•       Describe the physical volcanology. 
•	Map and describe the surface geology and petrology and characterise the geochemistry of the rocks.
•	Develop models for the origin and evolution of the magmas represented by the rocks. 
•	Characterise mantle xenoliths found in the area. 

The Quaternary eruptives are represented by eroded scoria cone remnants, dikes, and lava domes and flows. Breccia pipes mark eroded vent areas. Four scoria cones have been mapped and sampled in detail and these are interpreted to have formed by hawaiian and strombolian style activity. They contain distinctive agglutinate beds which have formed lava flows as lapilli and spatter horizons have accumulated on the flanks of cones close to source. 
The dominant rock-type is strongly porphyritic olivine and clinopyroxene basanite formed by crystal fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, opaque oxides, and minor amphibole, apatite and feldspar A dike within one of the scoria cones contains a spectacular suite of abundant, large xenoliths. Ultramafic mantle xenoliths include peridotite and pyroxenites, crustal xenoliths are granulite and granite. The presence of these xenoliths indicates that some basanites are very primitive.

text: Volcanic geology and physical volcanology of Mount Morning, Antarctica Mount Morning is 70 km south of Ross Island and is part of the Cenozoic McMurdo Volcanic Group, which includes the presently active Erebus volcano. Few previous studies have investigated the mountain. 
The main exposures occur on two ridges on the northwest of the mountain, the field area is a roughly 3x5 km area on the northern part of the Riviera Ridge. The exposed geology indicates two main episodes of volcanic activity; Miocene trachytes and trachyandesites and Quaternary basanites and phonolites. 
This project is focused primarily on the Quaternary basanites and the objectives were: 

•       Describe the physical volcanology. 
•	Map and describe the surface geology and petrology and characterise the geochemistry of the rocks.
•	Develop models for the origin and evolution of the magmas represented by the rocks. 
•	Characterise mantle xenoliths found in the area. 

The Quaternary eruptives are represented by eroded scoria cone remnants, dikes, and lava domes and flows. Breccia pipes mark eroded vent areas. Four scoria cones have been mapped and sampled in detail and these are interpreted to have formed by hawaiian and strombolian style activity. They contain distinctive agglutinate beds which have formed lava flows as lapilli and spatter horizons have accumulated on the flanks of cones close to source. 
The dominant rock-type is strongly porphyritic olivine and clinopyroxene basanite formed by crystal fractionation of olivine, clinopyroxene, opaque oxides, and minor amphibole, apatite and feldspar A dike within one of the scoria cones contains a spectacular suite of abundant, large xenoliths. Ultramafic mantle xenoliths include peridotite and pyroxenites, crustal xenoliths are granulite and granite. The presence of these xenoliths indicates that some basanites are very primitive.

year: 2006

title: Timing in Possums: Accounting for Resurgence in the Peak Procedure

authors: Stanley, Christopher D.

abstract: This study attempted to account for resurgence on the Peak Procedure using 6 possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) as subjects. The Peak Procedure is made up of randomly mixed fixed intervals (FI) and peak intervals (PI), with the ratio of FI trials to PI trials being 4:1 respectively. Conditions 1-4 were used to replicate Church et al.’s (1991) procedure from their second experiment. The authors found that when the PI trial length was variable, data from PI trials showed that responding did not resurge, as it did when the PI duration was fixed.  Condition 1 used a FI 20 s and a variable PI with a mean of 80 s. Responding did not resurge, but rather decreased to a low level throughout the PI trial. Condition 2 used a FI 20 and a fixed PI of 100 s. Responding resurged for this condition. Condition 3 and 4 repeated Condition 1 and 2 respectively to give an ABAB design. Responding again decreased and increased as the PI changed to being variable and fixed respectively. These results are similar to that found by Church et al. (1991), and show support for what Sanabria and Killeen (2007) call the anticipation theory (where escape from a non-reinforced PI trial is negatively reinforcing). The PI duration was shortened to twice the FI length in Condition 5 and lengthened to 300 s, or 15 times the FI in Condition 6. This was in order to investigate whether responding would resurge at very short and very long PI durations. Responding did not resurge at the shorter PI length, and this may be due to there not being enough time to do so. At the extreme length of 300 s, responding was seen to resurge; a result that is not consistent with other studies that used a similar procedure (Sanabria & Killeen, 2007). When the procedure returned to using a FI 20 s and a variable PI with a mean of 80 s in Condition 7, resurgence decreased to a minimum and remained stable till the end of the trial. 
Results from the present study support Church et al.’s (1991) anticipation theory, and that as long as the animals can track the end of the PI trial, responding will resurge; if it is variable, animals cannot predict the end of the trial and so response resurgence does not occur.

text: Timing in Possums: Accounting for Resurgence in the Peak Procedure This study attempted to account for resurgence on the Peak Procedure using 6 possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) as subjects. The Peak Procedure is made up of randomly mixed fixed intervals (FI) and peak intervals (PI), with the ratio of FI trials to PI trials being 4:1 respectively. Conditions 1-4 were used to replicate Church et al.’s (1991) procedure from their second experiment. The authors found that when the PI trial length was variable, data from PI trials showed that responding did not resurge, as it did when the PI duration was fixed.  Condition 1 used a FI 20 s and a variable PI with a mean of 80 s. Responding did not resurge, but rather decreased to a low level throughout the PI trial. Condition 2 used a FI 20 and a fixed PI of 100 s. Responding resurged for this condition. Condition 3 and 4 repeated Condition 1 and 2 respectively to give an ABAB design. Responding again decreased and increased as the PI changed to being variable and fixed respectively. These results are similar to that found by Church et al. (1991), and show support for what Sanabria and Killeen (2007) call the anticipation theory (where escape from a non-reinforced PI trial is negatively reinforcing). The PI duration was shortened to twice the FI length in Condition 5 and lengthened to 300 s, or 15 times the FI in Condition 6. This was in order to investigate whether responding would resurge at very short and very long PI durations. Responding did not resurge at the shorter PI length, and this may be due to there not being enough time to do so. At the extreme length of 300 s, responding was seen to resurge; a result that is not consistent with other studies that used a similar procedure (Sanabria & Killeen, 2007). When the procedure returned to using a FI 20 s and a variable PI with a mean of 80 s in Condition 7, resurgence decreased to a minimum and remained stable till the end of the trial. 
Results from the present study support Church et al.’s (1991) anticipation theory, and that as long as the animals can track the end of the PI trial, responding will resurge; if it is variable, animals cannot predict the end of the trial and so response resurgence does not occur.

year: 2013

title: He Whakaoranga Kia Puta Kia Ora (prepared for Health Research Council of New Zealand)

authors: Kilgour, Jonathan T.

abstract: This research project explored the relationship between cultural connectedness and wellbeing (as a social determinant of health). In particular, the research explored the diverse ways in which tribal members connected with and expressed their Waikatotanga.

text: He Whakaoranga Kia Puta Kia Ora (prepared for Health Research Council of New Zealand) This research project explored the relationship between cultural connectedness and wellbeing (as a social determinant of health). In particular, the research explored the diverse ways in which tribal members connected with and expressed their Waikatotanga.

year: 2015