title: Uptake, experiences and barriers to cervical screening for trans and non‐binary people in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Carroll, Rona

abstract: Background: Little is known about experiences and barriers for trans and non- binary (TGNB) people eligible for cervical screening in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Aims: To identify uptake, barriers and reasons for delaying cervical cancer screen-ing among TGNB people in Aotearoa.
Materials and Methods: The 2018 Counting Ourselves data on TGNB people as-signed female at birth aged 20– 69 years who had ever had sex, were analysed to report on experiences of those who were eligible for cervical screening (n = 318). Participants answered questions about whether they had taken part in cervical screening and reasons behind any delays in receiving the test.
Results: Trans men were more likely than non- binary participants to report that they did not require cervical screening or were unsure if they needed it. For those who had delayed cervical screening, 30% did so due to feeling worried about how they would be treated as a trans or non- binary person and 35% due to another reason. Other reasons for delay related to general and gender- related discomfort, previous traumatic experiences, anxiety or fear of the test and pain. Material bar-riers to access included cost and lack of information.
Conclusions: The current cervical screening program in Aotearoa does not con-sider the needs of TGNB people, leading to delayed and reduced uptake of cervical screening. Health providers require education on the reasons TGNB people delay or avoid cervical screening in order to provide appropriate information and affirm-ative healthcare environments. The human papillomavirus self- swab may address some of the existing barriers.

text: Uptake, experiences and barriers to cervical screening for trans and non‐binary people in Aotearoa New Zealand Background: Little is known about experiences and barriers for trans and non- binary (TGNB) people eligible for cervical screening in Aotearoa New Zealand.
Aims: To identify uptake, barriers and reasons for delaying cervical cancer screen-ing among TGNB people in Aotearoa.
Materials and Methods: The 2018 Counting Ourselves data on TGNB people as-signed female at birth aged 20– 69 years who had ever had sex, were analysed to report on experiences of those who were eligible for cervical screening (n = 318). Participants answered questions about whether they had taken part in cervical screening and reasons behind any delays in receiving the test.
Results: Trans men were more likely than non- binary participants to report that they did not require cervical screening or were unsure if they needed it. For those who had delayed cervical screening, 30% did so due to feeling worried about how they would be treated as a trans or non- binary person and 35% due to another reason. Other reasons for delay related to general and gender- related discomfort, previous traumatic experiences, anxiety or fear of the test and pain. Material bar-riers to access included cost and lack of information.
Conclusions: The current cervical screening program in Aotearoa does not con-sider the needs of TGNB people, leading to delayed and reduced uptake of cervical screening. Health providers require education on the reasons TGNB people delay or avoid cervical screening in order to provide appropriate information and affirm-ative healthcare environments. The human papillomavirus self- swab may address some of the existing barriers.

year: 2023

title: Roald Dahl Rewritten: When will this madness end?

authors: Derby, Melissa

abstract: The author expresses frustration over recent changes made to Roald Dahl's children's books as part of what they perceive as "cancel culture." They mention growing up with Dahl's books and sharing them with their son, finding the stories timeless and enjoyable. The author questions why classic works are being altered in a time when literacy rates are declining and children who read for pleasure are rare.

The text highlights specific changes made to Dahl's books, such as Augustus Gloop no longer being described as fat, Mrs Twit's appearance being altered, and the Oompa-Loompas becoming gender-neutral. The author questions the necessity of these changes, arguing that spiders are often black and earthworms are often pink, and wonders if innocuous colors like black and pink are now considered inappropriate. They also point out the removal of the word "black" in describing tractors in Fantastic Mr. Fox and discuss the shift in language in The Witches to empower women.

The author disagrees with the changes and believes that they limit the imaginative world Dahl created. They express their intention to continue reading the original versions of Dahl's books with their son, appreciating the lively, edgy, and colorful nature of the stories.

In conclusion, the author expresses concern about the changes made to Roald Dahl's books, questioning the motivations behind them and advocating for the preservation of the original works for future generations to enjoy.

text: Roald Dahl Rewritten: When will this madness end? The author expresses frustration over recent changes made to Roald Dahl's children's books as part of what they perceive as "cancel culture." They mention growing up with Dahl's books and sharing them with their son, finding the stories timeless and enjoyable. The author questions why classic works are being altered in a time when literacy rates are declining and children who read for pleasure are rare.

The text highlights specific changes made to Dahl's books, such as Augustus Gloop no longer being described as fat, Mrs Twit's appearance being altered, and the Oompa-Loompas becoming gender-neutral. The author questions the necessity of these changes, arguing that spiders are often black and earthworms are often pink, and wonders if innocuous colors like black and pink are now considered inappropriate. They also point out the removal of the word "black" in describing tractors in Fantastic Mr. Fox and discuss the shift in language in The Witches to empower women.

The author disagrees with the changes and believes that they limit the imaginative world Dahl created. They express their intention to continue reading the original versions of Dahl's books with their son, appreciating the lively, edgy, and colorful nature of the stories.

In conclusion, the author expresses concern about the changes made to Roald Dahl's books, questioning the motivations behind them and advocating for the preservation of the original works for future generations to enjoy.

year: 2023-02-23

title: Maori land in Hauraki

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Imagining the Hauraki Peninsula to contain payable goldfields and knowing that land to the south of Thames had great agricultural potential, Pakeha were determined to acquire it, and were frustrated by what was considered to be ‘Maori intransigence’. For their part, Maori landowners were justifiably concerned about losing their land, and hindered and delayed opening it to settlement for as long as possible. A major difficulty for officials seeking to acquire land was how to determine boundaries between different blocks and how to identify the true owners when there were rival claims put forward by hapu and individuals. Land purchase agents used a variety of means to get blocks through the land court and then to individualize the title, notably the controversial ‘raihana’ policy, which benefited some landowners at the expense of others. The expensive legal process involved often forced those who had proved their ownership to sell land to pay for their success, a success which resulted in grantees treating the land as their personal property rather than tribal property. Some Pakeha as well as many Maori protested at the unfair process; even James Mackay, the most effective practitioner of raihana, came to lament his success and its consequences for the younger generation of Maori (he blamed the system, not himself). When far too late, it was urged that land should have been leased rather than sold and that proceeds from sales should not have been squandered.
Instead of having commissions of enquiry, as some suggested, the land court system meant that judges determined ownership on the evidence presented to them, even though some owners were not present nor had their interests represented. Sometimes the evidence was false, as was admitted by some witnesses when their perjury was exposed. And in the case of the Ohinemuri district, for which the records survive, when the land was sold to the Crown some Maori received too much money, some too little, and some missed out altogether. The struggles to open Ohinemuri to miners and settlers is examined in detail, revealing that some rangatira expected economic gain and that Te Hira’s party, who opposed the opening, were undermined by some of Te Hira’s followers: being ‘Hauhau’, they refused to take money from the Crown but instead took raihana, meaning goods which were charged against their land in a way they did not understand. Nor did anyone fully understand the system apart from Mackay, whose policy was eventually repudiated by the politicians who had encouraged it previously. Not all land was lost, but because the government did not assist landowners with advice and finance until well into the twentieth century what land that was retained could not be developed adequately.

text: Maori land in Hauraki Imagining the Hauraki Peninsula to contain payable goldfields and knowing that land to the south of Thames had great agricultural potential, Pakeha were determined to acquire it, and were frustrated by what was considered to be ‘Maori intransigence’. For their part, Maori landowners were justifiably concerned about losing their land, and hindered and delayed opening it to settlement for as long as possible. A major difficulty for officials seeking to acquire land was how to determine boundaries between different blocks and how to identify the true owners when there were rival claims put forward by hapu and individuals. Land purchase agents used a variety of means to get blocks through the land court and then to individualize the title, notably the controversial ‘raihana’ policy, which benefited some landowners at the expense of others. The expensive legal process involved often forced those who had proved their ownership to sell land to pay for their success, a success which resulted in grantees treating the land as their personal property rather than tribal property. Some Pakeha as well as many Maori protested at the unfair process; even James Mackay, the most effective practitioner of raihana, came to lament his success and its consequences for the younger generation of Maori (he blamed the system, not himself). When far too late, it was urged that land should have been leased rather than sold and that proceeds from sales should not have been squandered.
Instead of having commissions of enquiry, as some suggested, the land court system meant that judges determined ownership on the evidence presented to them, even though some owners were not present nor had their interests represented. Sometimes the evidence was false, as was admitted by some witnesses when their perjury was exposed. And in the case of the Ohinemuri district, for which the records survive, when the land was sold to the Crown some Maori received too much money, some too little, and some missed out altogether. The struggles to open Ohinemuri to miners and settlers is examined in detail, revealing that some rangatira expected economic gain and that Te Hira’s party, who opposed the opening, were undermined by some of Te Hira’s followers: being ‘Hauhau’, they refused to take money from the Crown but instead took raihana, meaning goods which were charged against their land in a way they did not understand. Nor did anyone fully understand the system apart from Mackay, whose policy was eventually repudiated by the politicians who had encouraged it previously. Not all land was lost, but because the government did not assist landowners with advice and finance until well into the twentieth century what land that was retained could not be developed adequately.

year: 2016