title: Entrepreneurial Dynamics of Internationalising Ventures: The Opportunity-Value Creation Nexus

authors: Peiris, Indujeeva Keerthilal

subjects: International Entrepreneurship

abstract: International Entrepreneurship (IE) theory has developed extensively over the last two decades by drawing on various theoretical perspectives. While this growing body of knowledge has provided rich insights into the internationalisation behaviour of firms from multiple theoretical perspectives, it has also rendered IE theory fragmented and devoid of a unifying theoretical direction.
Using a qualitative approach, this study intends to address the gap identified above by developing a framework for the entrepreneurial internationalisation process. As such, the study focuses on the entrepreneurial aspects of “opportunity identification and exploitation”: an area to which IE researchers have paid little attention. It is argued that this focus is appropriate as it can extend the scope of international business and IE research by strengthening the foundations of the entrepreneurial theory of internationalisation. 
The study findings extend key insights into the internationalisation process of entrepreneurial firms. The research context provided unique perspectives of how firms in the agriculture-base primary industry in a developing country internationalise. The case findings identified prior knowledge, creativity, selfefficacy, perseverance, and passion as drivers of the opportunity development process. Also, the study supported the idea that both access to resources and entrepreneurs’ social capital have significant influence on how opportunities are developed. 
The results elucidated a new concept – “entrepreneurial insight” − to explain how thinking, knowledge, and dynamic capabilities integrate to act as the core processes of opportunity development. These three factors can be identified as idiosyncratic entrepreneurial resources in the process of opportunity development and exploitation. The exploitation of opportunities thus leads to new strategic and operational paths and positions, which then affect the firm’s performance in terms of degree of internationalisation, growth, survival, and profitability. 
The findings provide a better understanding of internationalisation using three defining elements in the internationalisation process: entrepreneurial intention, opportunity development, and value innovation. These factors provide an insightful explanation of different international trajectories that firms take, and how these trajectories sustain their international activities over time.
Finally, the study provides managerial and theoretical implications that can guide practitioners towards an appreciation of the dynamics of individual capacities, the value of networks, and the resources that need to be harnessed by learning, adapting, and taking timely decisions to generate value-creating opportunities in international markets.

text: Entrepreneurial Dynamics of Internationalising Ventures: The Opportunity-Value Creation Nexus International Entrepreneurship (IE) theory has developed extensively over the last two decades by drawing on various theoretical perspectives. While this growing body of knowledge has provided rich insights into the internationalisation behaviour of firms from multiple theoretical perspectives, it has also rendered IE theory fragmented and devoid of a unifying theoretical direction.
Using a qualitative approach, this study intends to address the gap identified above by developing a framework for the entrepreneurial internationalisation process. As such, the study focuses on the entrepreneurial aspects of “opportunity identification and exploitation”: an area to which IE researchers have paid little attention. It is argued that this focus is appropriate as it can extend the scope of international business and IE research by strengthening the foundations of the entrepreneurial theory of internationalisation. 
The study findings extend key insights into the internationalisation process of entrepreneurial firms. The research context provided unique perspectives of how firms in the agriculture-base primary industry in a developing country internationalise. The case findings identified prior knowledge, creativity, selfefficacy, perseverance, and passion as drivers of the opportunity development process. Also, the study supported the idea that both access to resources and entrepreneurs’ social capital have significant influence on how opportunities are developed. 
The results elucidated a new concept – “entrepreneurial insight” − to explain how thinking, knowledge, and dynamic capabilities integrate to act as the core processes of opportunity development. These three factors can be identified as idiosyncratic entrepreneurial resources in the process of opportunity development and exploitation. The exploitation of opportunities thus leads to new strategic and operational paths and positions, which then affect the firm’s performance in terms of degree of internationalisation, growth, survival, and profitability. 
The findings provide a better understanding of internationalisation using three defining elements in the internationalisation process: entrepreneurial intention, opportunity development, and value innovation. These factors provide an insightful explanation of different international trajectories that firms take, and how these trajectories sustain their international activities over time.
Finally, the study provides managerial and theoretical implications that can guide practitioners towards an appreciation of the dynamics of individual capacities, the value of networks, and the resources that need to be harnessed by learning, adapting, and taking timely decisions to generate value-creating opportunities in international markets.

year: 2014

title: Decoupling equality, diversity, and inclusion from liberal projects: Hailing indigenous contributions to institutional change

authors: Verbos, Amy Klemm

subjects: ethnic minorities

abstract: Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to bring wider-reaching feminism to confluence with relational indigenous values for transformative responses to systemic exclusion. Design/methodology/approach - The authors critique the prevailing (corporate) institutional logic in higher education through their stories and experiences, weaving in diverse feminist perspectives. Liberal feminist perspectives, the most visible gender critique, may merely increase numerical equality, diversifying the biographical characteristics of privilege. Exclusion for many is systemically retained. The authors argue that relational logics underpinning indigenous worldviews hold generative potential for institutional change toward deeper inclusiveness and justice. Findings - Liberal feminists' two-fold transformative aspirations for gender equality and deeper respect for currently marginalized "feminine" values leave room for deeper and wider reflection on how indigenous perspectives might contribute to institutional change. Practical implications - This exploration may be applied to university recruiting, selection, evaluation, and promotion policies; articulating and assessing career competencies and trajectories; curriculum evaluation; organizational and management research; and pedagogical development and research. Social implications - An indigenous critique of liberal feminism and indigenous perspectives on justice, relationality, and inclusivity may enhance social, university, corporate, community, and family life. Originality/value - Interweaving feminist and indigenous insights into a critique of the prevailing corporate institutional logic informing organizational practice - in higher education and all sectors of society, it highlights the generative potential of indigenous contributions and encourages inclusion of diverse indigenous perspectives in organization theory and practice.

text: Decoupling equality, diversity, and inclusion from liberal projects: Hailing indigenous contributions to institutional change Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to bring wider-reaching feminism to confluence with relational indigenous values for transformative responses to systemic exclusion. Design/methodology/approach - The authors critique the prevailing (corporate) institutional logic in higher education through their stories and experiences, weaving in diverse feminist perspectives. Liberal feminist perspectives, the most visible gender critique, may merely increase numerical equality, diversifying the biographical characteristics of privilege. Exclusion for many is systemically retained. The authors argue that relational logics underpinning indigenous worldviews hold generative potential for institutional change toward deeper inclusiveness and justice. Findings - Liberal feminists' two-fold transformative aspirations for gender equality and deeper respect for currently marginalized "feminine" values leave room for deeper and wider reflection on how indigenous perspectives might contribute to institutional change. Practical implications - This exploration may be applied to university recruiting, selection, evaluation, and promotion policies; articulating and assessing career competencies and trajectories; curriculum evaluation; organizational and management research; and pedagogical development and research. Social implications - An indigenous critique of liberal feminism and indigenous perspectives on justice, relationality, and inclusivity may enhance social, university, corporate, community, and family life. Originality/value - Interweaving feminist and indigenous insights into a critique of the prevailing corporate institutional logic informing organizational practice - in higher education and all sectors of society, it highlights the generative potential of indigenous contributions and encourages inclusion of diverse indigenous perspectives in organization theory and practice.

year: 2012

title: Lifting barriers: Leadership, tactical, and strategic issues from, and for, indigenous community development

authors: Murthy, Vikram

subjects: indigenous communities

abstract: This paper uses learnings from a project with indigenous youth to engage with a recurring challenge in indigenous community organisation (ICO) development initiatives: The unwitting detraction from outcome efficacy by charismatic and influential indigenous leadership leading with an out-of-date repertoire. Using material from recent literature in the fields of non-profit management, new leadership, and social enterprise, the paper suggests guides to improved practice for meeting this challenge. It also sets out to effectiveness, will better underwrite sensitivity in entrepreneurial environments with complex cultural and social beliefs and practices. Such a repertoire will energise intraorganisational communal and consensual processes, which would resonate culturally with the ICO's normative behaviours and values, and would thus help the organisation marshall its collective will to frame futures that best capture their stakeholders' hopes and aspirations. Finally, it recommends that future research examine interfaces between these fields and the spiritual frameworks of indigenous world-views.

text: Lifting barriers: Leadership, tactical, and strategic issues from, and for, indigenous community development This paper uses learnings from a project with indigenous youth to engage with a recurring challenge in indigenous community organisation (ICO) development initiatives: The unwitting detraction from outcome efficacy by charismatic and influential indigenous leadership leading with an out-of-date repertoire. Using material from recent literature in the fields of non-profit management, new leadership, and social enterprise, the paper suggests guides to improved practice for meeting this challenge. It also sets out to effectiveness, will better underwrite sensitivity in entrepreneurial environments with complex cultural and social beliefs and practices. Such a repertoire will energise intraorganisational communal and consensual processes, which would resonate culturally with the ICO's normative behaviours and values, and would thus help the organisation marshall its collective will to frame futures that best capture their stakeholders' hopes and aspirations. Finally, it recommends that future research examine interfaces between these fields and the spiritual frameworks of indigenous world-views.

year: 2006