title: Remote sensing of freshwater habitats for large rivers and lakes of the Waikato region using sub-pixel classification

authors: Ashraf, Muhammad Salman

subjects: remote sensing data

abstract: The overall goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of multi-sensor and multi-spectral remote sensing data for mapping different freshwater habitat zones of large rivers and lakes of the Waikato region. The review of satellite sensors available in NZ for aquatic mapping has identified three data options, which have been purchased for a case study area (Tongariro river delta). These data options are Landsat-5 (30m resolution), ALOS (10m and 2.5m) and QuickBird-2 (2.4m and 0.6m). There is no perfect option available as each option is a compromise between spatial and spectral resolution and cost.

text: Remote sensing of freshwater habitats for large rivers and lakes of the Waikato region using sub-pixel classification The overall goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of multi-sensor and multi-spectral remote sensing data for mapping different freshwater habitat zones of large rivers and lakes of the Waikato region. The review of satellite sensors available in NZ for aquatic mapping has identified three data options, which have been purchased for a case study area (Tongariro river delta). These data options are Landsat-5 (30m resolution), ALOS (10m and 2.5m) and QuickBird-2 (2.4m and 0.6m). There is no perfect option available as each option is a compromise between spatial and spectral resolution and cost.

year: 2007-09

title: The entrepreneurial spirit of the Pacific Peoples: A study of Pacific immigrant entrepreneurship in New Zealand

authors: de Vries, Huibert P

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The difficulty associated with determining what constitutes immigrant entrepreneurial behaviour lies in the road being travelled differently by immigrants from dissimilar backgrounds, value systems, and cultural heritages. Migration and settlement issues present themselves in a multitude of different forms, depending on a complex and dynamic combination of the ethnic characteristics of the specific ethnic immigrant group and the receiving country's socio-economic infrastructure. This paper presents the findings of a case study-based approach to a description of the entrepreneurial spirit within Pacific People in New Zealand, an approach involving triangulation (semi-structured interviews with Pacific immigrant entrepreneurs; selected immigration literature, and interviews with Pacific community leaders). The case study is based on four constructs (migration profile, settlement profile, cultural profile and business profile) which were identified as impacting on immigrant entrepreneurship patterns. Conclusions relating to each of the following are presented: business drivers (e.g. generational differences and social obligation); business strengths (e.g. uniqueness, family, and community networks); and weaknesses that inhibit the entrepreneurial spirit (e.g. lack of confidence and social obligations).

text: The entrepreneurial spirit of the Pacific Peoples: A study of Pacific immigrant entrepreneurship in New Zealand The difficulty associated with determining what constitutes immigrant entrepreneurial behaviour lies in the road being travelled differently by immigrants from dissimilar backgrounds, value systems, and cultural heritages. Migration and settlement issues present themselves in a multitude of different forms, depending on a complex and dynamic combination of the ethnic characteristics of the specific ethnic immigrant group and the receiving country's socio-economic infrastructure. This paper presents the findings of a case study-based approach to a description of the entrepreneurial spirit within Pacific People in New Zealand, an approach involving triangulation (semi-structured interviews with Pacific immigrant entrepreneurs; selected immigration literature, and interviews with Pacific community leaders). The case study is based on four constructs (migration profile, settlement profile, cultural profile and business profile) which were identified as impacting on immigrant entrepreneurship patterns. Conclusions relating to each of the following are presented: business drivers (e.g. generational differences and social obligation); business strengths (e.g. uniqueness, family, and community networks); and weaknesses that inhibit the entrepreneurial spirit (e.g. lack of confidence and social obligations).

year: 2009-02

title: Lessons learned from the MV Rena: Reimagining maritime and resource management law

authors: Paul, Adrienne Joy

subjects: Resource Management Law - New Zealand

abstract: The main research question in this thesis is what lessons can Aotearoa New Zealand learn from the MV Rena grounding accident? This research is an historical account of the legal framework existing at the time of the MV Rena grounding. In addition, the thesis will outline the surrounding marine environment to examine the relevant regulatory system.
In the early morning of 5th October 2011, the MV Rena vessel struck Ōtāiti (Astrolabe Reef).  Initially, the accident concerned a response to the safety of the crew on board the MV Rena. However, the seriousness of the damage to the hull with part of Ōtāiti reef protruding through the keel, presented issues concerning the recovery strategy for the vessel and cargo from the coastal marine area.  The MV Rena grounding released oil, cargo, and equipment into the surrounding marine environment of Ōtāiti. The oil, cargo and equipment travelled by the ocean currents, spreading across large areas of the ocean. This caused environmental effects across the coastal marine area in the Bay of Plenty region. The grounding was the “worst maritime environmental disaster” Aotearoa New Zealand had ever seen. 

The government of the day and the MV Rena owner are committed to international obligations for preparing and responding to maritime disasters and marine pollution. However, the government of Aotearoa New Zealand was not a party to international obligations addressing groundings relative to bunker oil. In addition, when responding to environmental effects from the grounding the legal processes regulating the maritime and resource management system, caused distress to the local community in the Bay of Plenty region. Specifically, the people of Motiti Island (“Motiti”), relative to preserving and protecting their cultural and spiritual relationship with Ōtāiti and Motiti.

An analysis of maritime and resource management law at the international level and domestic level is explored in this thesis. Such as, marine pollution, and indigenous peoples’ rights (iwi Māori) in connection with the Maritime Transport Act 1994, the Resource Management Act 1991, the Waitangi Tribunal process and related planning and policy instruments.  The research concludes that, had the government of the day ratified relevant conventions prior to the MV Rena grounding incident, the outcome of the location of the ship may have been a completely different result, such as a full wreck removal, without opposition. Additionally, the research concludes that the gap in the laws regulating marine environments did not equip iwi Māori with protecting their interests, resulting in a spiritual injustice to the people of Motiti. This research reveals that maritime and resource management law still has a long way to go with supporting the indigenous people’s voice in Aotearoa New Zealand for sustainable marine solutions. This thesis conclude with recommendations directed at better maritime and resource management regulations and indigenous peoples’ involvement.

text: Lessons learned from the MV Rena: Reimagining maritime and resource management law The main research question in this thesis is what lessons can Aotearoa New Zealand learn from the MV Rena grounding accident? This research is an historical account of the legal framework existing at the time of the MV Rena grounding. In addition, the thesis will outline the surrounding marine environment to examine the relevant regulatory system.
In the early morning of 5th October 2011, the MV Rena vessel struck Ōtāiti (Astrolabe Reef).  Initially, the accident concerned a response to the safety of the crew on board the MV Rena. However, the seriousness of the damage to the hull with part of Ōtāiti reef protruding through the keel, presented issues concerning the recovery strategy for the vessel and cargo from the coastal marine area.  The MV Rena grounding released oil, cargo, and equipment into the surrounding marine environment of Ōtāiti. The oil, cargo and equipment travelled by the ocean currents, spreading across large areas of the ocean. This caused environmental effects across the coastal marine area in the Bay of Plenty region. The grounding was the “worst maritime environmental disaster” Aotearoa New Zealand had ever seen. 

The government of the day and the MV Rena owner are committed to international obligations for preparing and responding to maritime disasters and marine pollution. However, the government of Aotearoa New Zealand was not a party to international obligations addressing groundings relative to bunker oil. In addition, when responding to environmental effects from the grounding the legal processes regulating the maritime and resource management system, caused distress to the local community in the Bay of Plenty region. Specifically, the people of Motiti Island (“Motiti”), relative to preserving and protecting their cultural and spiritual relationship with Ōtāiti and Motiti.

An analysis of maritime and resource management law at the international level and domestic level is explored in this thesis. Such as, marine pollution, and indigenous peoples’ rights (iwi Māori) in connection with the Maritime Transport Act 1994, the Resource Management Act 1991, the Waitangi Tribunal process and related planning and policy instruments.  The research concludes that, had the government of the day ratified relevant conventions prior to the MV Rena grounding incident, the outcome of the location of the ship may have been a completely different result, such as a full wreck removal, without opposition. Additionally, the research concludes that the gap in the laws regulating marine environments did not equip iwi Māori with protecting their interests, resulting in a spiritual injustice to the people of Motiti. This research reveals that maritime and resource management law still has a long way to go with supporting the indigenous people’s voice in Aotearoa New Zealand for sustainable marine solutions. This thesis conclude with recommendations directed at better maritime and resource management regulations and indigenous peoples’ involvement.

year: 2022