title: Evidence for late polynesian colonization of New Zealand: University of Waikato radiocarbon measurements

authors: Hogg, Alan G.

subjects: radiocarbon

abstract: We present radiocarbon determinations for 271 New Zealand archaeological samples measured at the University of Waikato Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory between 1975 and 1995. A discard protocol is applied to the series and the list culled to winnow the acceptable dates from those that may incorporate error. None of the 221 acceptable ¹⁴C determinations older than 600 BP (in the case of terrestrial samples) or 930 BP (in the case of marine and estuarine shell) extends beyond cal AD 1250. This conclusion supports the short chronology model of New Zealand prehistory presented by Anderson (1991).

text: Evidence for late polynesian colonization of New Zealand: University of Waikato radiocarbon measurements We present radiocarbon determinations for 271 New Zealand archaeological samples measured at the University of Waikato Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory between 1975 and 1995. A discard protocol is applied to the series and the list culled to winnow the acceptable dates from those that may incorporate error. None of the 221 acceptable ¹⁴C determinations older than 600 BP (in the case of terrestrial samples) or 930 BP (in the case of marine and estuarine shell) extends beyond cal AD 1250. This conclusion supports the short chronology model of New Zealand prehistory presented by Anderson (1991).

year: 1997

title: Whakaoranga taiao, whakaoranga tangata: The restorative, healing, and decolonising potential of environmental restoration

authors: Moore, Robert

abstract: This thesis explores the ways in which Māori who are involved in environmental restoration are able to use their experiences to reconnect with Te Ao Māori. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Māori who have been involved in environmental restoration in and around Kirikiriroa. These research participants were also able to speak to what they have observed in other restoration projects at their respective marae and comment broadly about this work as it is taking place across Aotearoa. It became clear through this research that the impacts of history and colonisation are still felt heavily by Māori in the environmental space today. For Māori involved in environmental restoration, this is a place where they are able to learn and share knowledge and reconnect with their Māoritanga. Environmental restoration can help restore wairua relationships with the whenua and strengthen Maori wellbeing through strengthening relationships with the whenua. Engaging in environmental restoration supports decolonisation as, for the aforementioned outcomes of doing so, being in these spaces supports the affirmation of an Indigenous identity.

text: Whakaoranga taiao, whakaoranga tangata: The restorative, healing, and decolonising potential of environmental restoration This thesis explores the ways in which Māori who are involved in environmental restoration are able to use their experiences to reconnect with Te Ao Māori. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with three Māori who have been involved in environmental restoration in and around Kirikiriroa. These research participants were also able to speak to what they have observed in other restoration projects at their respective marae and comment broadly about this work as it is taking place across Aotearoa. It became clear through this research that the impacts of history and colonisation are still felt heavily by Māori in the environmental space today. For Māori involved in environmental restoration, this is a place where they are able to learn and share knowledge and reconnect with their Māoritanga. Environmental restoration can help restore wairua relationships with the whenua and strengthen Maori wellbeing through strengthening relationships with the whenua. Engaging in environmental restoration supports decolonisation as, for the aforementioned outcomes of doing so, being in these spaces supports the affirmation of an Indigenous identity.

year: 2022

title: Upbuilding pedogenesis in multisequal tephra-derived soils in the Waikato Region

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: Soil formation is classically regarded as a 'topdown' process whereby soil thickness, horizonation and vertical anisotropy increase steadily (not necessarily linearly) over time. However, where incremental additions to the land surface are common (e.g. loess, tephra, alluvium or colluvium), the process of soil upbuilding becomes important. The degree of soil expression is governed by the relative rates of pedogenesis and aggradation, which are unlikely to remain constant over time (Almond and Tonkin 1999). The interplay between these processes was examined by Johnson and Watson-Stegner (1987) and others. Soils on aggrading landscapes undergo 'developmental upbuilding' (progressive pedogenesis) if rates of addition allow assimilation of the deposits and profile deepening, or 'retardant upbuilding' (regressive pedogenesis) if rates are so rapid that horizonation is prevented. In upbuilding soils, each increment of soil below the A horizon has experienced processes that are characteristic of all horizons above it (Almond and Tonkin 1999).
Many Quaternary landscapes in NZ comprise well-studied stratigraphic sequences of deposits, including widespread loess and tephra, in which there are repetitions of soil horizons and buried paleosols within the vertical profile (multisequal soils). Rates of aggradation and the relative influence of soil upbuilding processes on soil evolution in such sequences have been examined closely in only a few studies. Using tephrochronology, I examine soil upbuilding in multisequal tephra-derived soils on a Waikato transect.

text: Upbuilding pedogenesis in multisequal tephra-derived soils in the Waikato Region Soil formation is classically regarded as a 'topdown' process whereby soil thickness, horizonation and vertical anisotropy increase steadily (not necessarily linearly) over time. However, where incremental additions to the land surface are common (e.g. loess, tephra, alluvium or colluvium), the process of soil upbuilding becomes important. The degree of soil expression is governed by the relative rates of pedogenesis and aggradation, which are unlikely to remain constant over time (Almond and Tonkin 1999). The interplay between these processes was examined by Johnson and Watson-Stegner (1987) and others. Soils on aggrading landscapes undergo 'developmental upbuilding' (progressive pedogenesis) if rates of addition allow assimilation of the deposits and profile deepening, or 'retardant upbuilding' (regressive pedogenesis) if rates are so rapid that horizonation is prevented. In upbuilding soils, each increment of soil below the A horizon has experienced processes that are characteristic of all horizons above it (Almond and Tonkin 1999).
Many Quaternary landscapes in NZ comprise well-studied stratigraphic sequences of deposits, including widespread loess and tephra, in which there are repetitions of soil horizons and buried paleosols within the vertical profile (multisequal soils). Rates of aggradation and the relative influence of soil upbuilding processes on soil evolution in such sequences have been examined closely in only a few studies. Using tephrochronology, I examine soil upbuilding in multisequal tephra-derived soils on a Waikato transect.

year: 2000-12-03