title: Sensitive pyroclastic soils in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand: microstructure to failure mechanisms

authors: Moon, Vicki G.

subjects: sensitive soil

abstract: Sensitive soils derived from weathered rhyolitic pyroclastic materials are associated with many landslides in the Bay of Plenty. Undrained, consolidated static triaxial tests show contractive p’-q’ plots, strain-softening stress-strain behaviour coupled with rising pore water pressures, shear band formation after peak strength, and considerable strain softening. Cyclic triaxial tests confirm brittle failure and extensive softening of the soil. Pore pressure gradients developed during shearing initiate collapse of clay microstructures into shear zones; further excess pore pressure generation in the shear zone leads to progressive failure. Halloysite, a low-activity clay mineral, is associated with sensitive layers within the pyroclastic sequences. Mushroom cap–shaped spheroidal halloysite results in weak short-range interactions between exposed clay surfaces on incomplete spheroids. This weak bonding allows disassociation of clay aggregates during slope failure, leading to strain softening and the development of flow post-failure.

text: Sensitive pyroclastic soils in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand: microstructure to failure mechanisms Sensitive soils derived from weathered rhyolitic pyroclastic materials are associated with many landslides in the Bay of Plenty. Undrained, consolidated static triaxial tests show contractive p’-q’ plots, strain-softening stress-strain behaviour coupled with rising pore water pressures, shear band formation after peak strength, and considerable strain softening. Cyclic triaxial tests confirm brittle failure and extensive softening of the soil. Pore pressure gradients developed during shearing initiate collapse of clay microstructures into shear zones; further excess pore pressure generation in the shear zone leads to progressive failure. Halloysite, a low-activity clay mineral, is associated with sensitive layers within the pyroclastic sequences. Mushroom cap–shaped spheroidal halloysite results in weak short-range interactions between exposed clay surfaces on incomplete spheroids. This weak bonding allows disassociation of clay aggregates during slope failure, leading to strain softening and the development of flow post-failure.

year: 2017

title: Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury

authors: Duffy, Brittney

subjects: TBI

abstract: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and can result in symptoms that persist for years after the initial injury. The symptoms following TBI are dynamic, and can result in cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms, often collectively referred to as post-concussion symptoms. Persistent post-concussion symptoms impact education, employment, relationships and quality of life. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term symptoms of adults eight- years after a mild TBI compared to a TBI-free group. The second aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of post-concussion symptoms that were reported at 1-month post-injury, 12-months post-injury, and the symptoms reported now, at 8 years post-injury. Finally, the factors contributing to subjective cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury were explored.
A population-based sample of 151 adults who sustained a mild TBI (mTBI) between 2010 and 2011 participated in this study. Additionally, 213 participants with no history of head injury took part. Both groups answered questions about current post-concussion symptoms using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire (RPQ). The results of this study revealed the prevalence and severity of post- concussion symptoms was significantly greater in participants with mTBI at 8- years post-injury. Differences in cognitive symptoms were most prominent between groups, with the mTBI participants reporting significantly more cognitive complaints. When evaluating symptom-severity over time, we found no significant change in post-concussion symptoms from 12-months post-injury to 8-years. Older age at injury and increased symptoms of depression were associated with increased cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury. These results confirm post-concussion symptoms persist long-term, and may not improve beyond the levels reported at 12-months post-injury. Further research is needed to explore the impact that treatment of mood symptoms early post- injury may have on recovery.

text: Subjective cognitive complaints 8-Years after mild traumatic brain injury Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common and can result in symptoms that persist for years after the initial injury. The symptoms following TBI are dynamic, and can result in cognitive, emotional, behavioural and physical symptoms, often collectively referred to as post-concussion symptoms. Persistent post-concussion symptoms impact education, employment, relationships and quality of life. The first aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term symptoms of adults eight- years after a mild TBI compared to a TBI-free group. The second aim of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of post-concussion symptoms that were reported at 1-month post-injury, 12-months post-injury, and the symptoms reported now, at 8 years post-injury. Finally, the factors contributing to subjective cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury were explored.
A population-based sample of 151 adults who sustained a mild TBI (mTBI) between 2010 and 2011 participated in this study. Additionally, 213 participants with no history of head injury took part. Both groups answered questions about current post-concussion symptoms using the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptom Questionnaire (RPQ). The results of this study revealed the prevalence and severity of post- concussion symptoms was significantly greater in participants with mTBI at 8- years post-injury. Differences in cognitive symptoms were most prominent between groups, with the mTBI participants reporting significantly more cognitive complaints. When evaluating symptom-severity over time, we found no significant change in post-concussion symptoms from 12-months post-injury to 8-years. Older age at injury and increased symptoms of depression were associated with increased cognitive complaints at 8-years post-injury. These results confirm post-concussion symptoms persist long-term, and may not improve beyond the levels reported at 12-months post-injury. Further research is needed to explore the impact that treatment of mood symptoms early post- injury may have on recovery.

year: 2019

title: “Seeing” Kāpō Māori: Making visible the experiences of Kāpō Māori during and after COVID-19

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

abstract: A scoping project focused on the intersection of Māori and the framing of vision impairments (disability) within the context of a pandemic response (in this instance COVID-19). Specifically, we were interested in the experiences of kāpō Māori during and post COVID-19 in order to centre the cultural and health needs of kāpō Māori in a culturally responsive manner. We highlight the aspirations that kāpō Māori have for themselves and their whānau, and to identify the facilitators and barriers that kāpō Māori and their whānau face in achieving these

text: “Seeing” Kāpō Māori: Making visible the experiences of Kāpō Māori during and after COVID-19 A scoping project focused on the intersection of Māori and the framing of vision impairments (disability) within the context of a pandemic response (in this instance COVID-19). Specifically, we were interested in the experiences of kāpō Māori during and post COVID-19 in order to centre the cultural and health needs of kāpō Māori in a culturally responsive manner. We highlight the aspirations that kāpō Māori have for themselves and their whānau, and to identify the facilitators and barriers that kāpō Māori and their whānau face in achieving these

year: 2021