title: Restriction in Program Algebra

authors: Jackson, Marcel

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: We provide complete classifications of algebras of partial maps for a significant swathe of combinations of operations not previously classified. Our focus is the many subsidiary operations that arise in recent considerations of the ‘override’ and ‘update’ operations arising in specification languages. These other operations turn out to have an older pedigree: domain restriction, set subtraction and intersection. All signatures considered include domain restriction, at least as a term. Combinations of the operations are classified and given complete axiomatizations with and without the presence of functional composition. Each classification is achieved by way of providing a concrete representation of the corresponding abstract algebras as partial maps acting on special kinds of filters determined with respect to various induced orders. In contrast to many negative results in the broader area, all of the considered combinations lead to finite axiomatizations.

text: Restriction in Program Algebra We provide complete classifications of algebras of partial maps for a significant swathe of combinations of operations not previously classified. Our focus is the many subsidiary operations that arise in recent considerations of the ‘override’ and ‘update’ operations arising in specification languages. These other operations turn out to have an older pedigree: domain restriction, set subtraction and intersection. All signatures considered include domain restriction, at least as a term. Combinations of the operations are classified and given complete axiomatizations with and without the presence of functional composition. Each classification is achieved by way of providing a concrete representation of the corresponding abstract algebras as partial maps acting on special kinds of filters determined with respect to various induced orders. In contrast to many negative results in the broader area, all of the considered combinations lead to finite axiomatizations.

year: 2022-07-19

title: How climate change displaces Pacific Island settlements and the public’s perception of large scale migration

authors: Allwood, James

subjects: climate change

abstract: Low lying Pacific Island countries are coming under threat from climate change. Island nations are suffering from the impacts of inundation, severe storms, droughts and shortages in fresh water. Climate change impacts are affecting daily life activities and are prompting Island nations to plan for the possibility of relocation. With climate change inducing human migration, this study has investigated how host nation people respond to possibly accommodating large Pacific Island communities. 

A literature review was carried out to research climate change impacts in the Pacific islands, migration theories and cultural interaction. To support this, Semi structured interviews were conducted to gain insight from the host population. Upon conducting interviews, three major themes were found. 
1) Host population want the migrant population to integrate with them and be part of their communities. They do not want migrants to isolate and segregate themselves and create cultural factions.
2) With facing the possibility of large numbers of migrants relocating they could create a welfare burden on New Zealand economy. This is because migrants could be unskilled or the New Zealand economy may struggle to find sufficient employment. Migrants may also group together in an area to create support networks and host population are apprehensive that this could create ethnic enclaves amongst communities.
3) Migrants should be treated like everyone else and should relocate to wherever they can find work. The maintenance of cultural traditions and identity for migrant groups would be difficult to keep from disintegrating when migrant communities are dispersed around New Zealand and relocated away from coastal environments.

text: How climate change displaces Pacific Island settlements and the public’s perception of large scale migration Low lying Pacific Island countries are coming under threat from climate change. Island nations are suffering from the impacts of inundation, severe storms, droughts and shortages in fresh water. Climate change impacts are affecting daily life activities and are prompting Island nations to plan for the possibility of relocation. With climate change inducing human migration, this study has investigated how host nation people respond to possibly accommodating large Pacific Island communities. 

A literature review was carried out to research climate change impacts in the Pacific islands, migration theories and cultural interaction. To support this, Semi structured interviews were conducted to gain insight from the host population. Upon conducting interviews, three major themes were found. 
1) Host population want the migrant population to integrate with them and be part of their communities. They do not want migrants to isolate and segregate themselves and create cultural factions.
2) With facing the possibility of large numbers of migrants relocating they could create a welfare burden on New Zealand economy. This is because migrants could be unskilled or the New Zealand economy may struggle to find sufficient employment. Migrants may also group together in an area to create support networks and host population are apprehensive that this could create ethnic enclaves amongst communities.
3) Migrants should be treated like everyone else and should relocate to wherever they can find work. The maintenance of cultural traditions and identity for migrant groups would be difficult to keep from disintegrating when migrant communities are dispersed around New Zealand and relocated away from coastal environments.

year: 2013

title: Observations by and conversations with health workers and hospital personnel involved in transferring Maori patients and whānau to Waikato Hospital in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The predominant focus of Aotearoa New Zealand’s public health system on biomedical models of health has left little room for meaningful engagement with holistic indigenous approaches. Culturally appropriate provision and support are recognized for their relevance and importance during hospital transferals. Hospital staff involved in transfers to one of New Zealand’s trauma centers share their observations of whānau Māori engagement during an admission away from their home base. Sixteen key informants share their experiences, which are presented as strategies and challenges to whānau engagement. Three main themes highlight challenges within the health system that make it difficult for hospital staff to engage whānau in the desired ways and as often as both parties would like. Key informants described services and practices that are not designed with patients and their whānau in mind; instead they are designed by clinicians around the needs of administrative systems. As employees within the public health system, key informants felt powerless to challenge dominant settings. Nevertheless, employees managed to circumnavigate processes. Our findings highlight the need for continued decolonization and anti-racism work within public health settings.

text: Observations by and conversations with health workers and hospital personnel involved in transferring Maori patients and whānau to Waikato Hospital in Aotearoa New Zealand The predominant focus of Aotearoa New Zealand’s public health system on biomedical models of health has left little room for meaningful engagement with holistic indigenous approaches. Culturally appropriate provision and support are recognized for their relevance and importance during hospital transferals. Hospital staff involved in transfers to one of New Zealand’s trauma centers share their observations of whānau Māori engagement during an admission away from their home base. Sixteen key informants share their experiences, which are presented as strategies and challenges to whānau engagement. Three main themes highlight challenges within the health system that make it difficult for hospital staff to engage whānau in the desired ways and as often as both parties would like. Key informants described services and practices that are not designed with patients and their whānau in mind; instead they are designed by clinicians around the needs of administrative systems. As employees within the public health system, key informants felt powerless to challenge dominant settings. Nevertheless, employees managed to circumnavigate processes. Our findings highlight the need for continued decolonization and anti-racism work within public health settings.

year: 2020