title: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of resource use consent submissions made by iwi to Environment Waikato.

authors: Whangapirita, Laura

subjects: Maori

abstract: As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we reviewed and summarised iwi consent submissions made on various resource use consent applications. This report refers to values and beliefs sourced from iwi submissions held by Environment Waikato and are presented within a Maori values framework to highlight environmental perspectives of tangata whenua in the Waikato region.

text: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of resource use consent submissions made by iwi to Environment Waikato. As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we reviewed and summarised iwi consent submissions made on various resource use consent applications. This report refers to values and beliefs sourced from iwi submissions held by Environment Waikato and are presented within a Maori values framework to highlight environmental perspectives of tangata whenua in the Waikato region.

year: 2003-11

title: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health.

authors: Goodwin, Debbie Waireka Tuhi

subjects: Maori

abstract: Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

text: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health. Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

year: 2003

title: Is fish food from aquarium suppliers a vector for non-native zooplankton to New Zealand?

authors: Mahaarachchige, Buddhika Udayangani Perera

subjects: Artemia

abstract: There have been a number of recent records of non-native zooplankton invasions in New Zealand, but the transport vectors leading to their introduction are not well understood.  Commercially available fish foods containing zooplankton are widely used in home aquariums and the aquaculture industry. These foods are either imported to, or cultured within, New Zealand, and sold as freeze-dried, sun-dried or frozen adults, as capsulated or decapsulated cysts, or as live individuals. In this study, fish food containing Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785  (Cladocera), Artemia (brine shrimp) and Brachionus (rotifers) were bought from a variety of commercial suppliers within the North Island, New Zealand, which were cultured and manufactured domestically or internationally. Live Daphnia samples were identified morphologically and were found to contain a variety of both native and non-native Daphnia species, as well as copepods, ostracods, rotifers and other non-Daphnia cladoceran species. Freeze-dried and sun-dried diapausing eggs of Daphnia and the rotifer Brachionus were incubated in artificial pond water, Aachener Daphnien Medium (ADaM) and filtered pond water, but hatching of these were unsuccessful. In contrast, Artemia bought as both capsulated and decapsulated cysts were successfully hatched in water with a salinity of 25 ppt and temperatures of 20 °C. The resulting Artemia populations were either parthenogenic or sexual, varying by manufacturer. Frozen whole adult Artemia were found to carry eggs but could not be hatched. Due to the risk of misidentifications from morphological identification, a 658-bp fragment from the 5ʹ region of the COI gene was amplified from tissue samples. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the COI gene sequences identified distinct clades corresponding to four species: A. franciscana, A. parthenogenetica (both hatched from eggs as viable populations), A. sinica, and A. salina (both identified in food, but not viable). The BLAST analysis indicated that the capsulated  cysts from USA and German manufacturers contained Artemia franciscana, while the Chinese supply contained A. parthenogenetica. Decapsulated cysts from a Chinese manufacturer hatched into A. parthenogenetica. While A. franciscana can be legally imported into New Zealand, A. parthenogenetica is not listed in the Import Health Standard for ‘Fish food and fish bait’ under the Biosecurity Act 1993. The morphological identifications matched the BLAST analysis data for Daphnia. Non-native Daphnia pulex was recorded from live samples from Te Aroha, Hamilton and Wellington (LID5). An Auckland sample and another Wellington sample comprised of native D. carinata s.l. Overall, commercially available fish food from aquarium suppliers can act as a vector for non-native zooplankton to New Zealand.

text: Is fish food from aquarium suppliers a vector for non-native zooplankton to New Zealand? There have been a number of recent records of non-native zooplankton invasions in New Zealand, but the transport vectors leading to their introduction are not well understood.  Commercially available fish foods containing zooplankton are widely used in home aquariums and the aquaculture industry. These foods are either imported to, or cultured within, New Zealand, and sold as freeze-dried, sun-dried or frozen adults, as capsulated or decapsulated cysts, or as live individuals. In this study, fish food containing Daphnia O.F. Müller, 1785  (Cladocera), Artemia (brine shrimp) and Brachionus (rotifers) were bought from a variety of commercial suppliers within the North Island, New Zealand, which were cultured and manufactured domestically or internationally. Live Daphnia samples were identified morphologically and were found to contain a variety of both native and non-native Daphnia species, as well as copepods, ostracods, rotifers and other non-Daphnia cladoceran species. Freeze-dried and sun-dried diapausing eggs of Daphnia and the rotifer Brachionus were incubated in artificial pond water, Aachener Daphnien Medium (ADaM) and filtered pond water, but hatching of these were unsuccessful. In contrast, Artemia bought as both capsulated and decapsulated cysts were successfully hatched in water with a salinity of 25 ppt and temperatures of 20 °C. The resulting Artemia populations were either parthenogenic or sexual, varying by manufacturer. Frozen whole adult Artemia were found to carry eggs but could not be hatched. Due to the risk of misidentifications from morphological identification, a 658-bp fragment from the 5ʹ region of the COI gene was amplified from tissue samples. The phylogenetic tree constructed from the COI gene sequences identified distinct clades corresponding to four species: A. franciscana, A. parthenogenetica (both hatched from eggs as viable populations), A. sinica, and A. salina (both identified in food, but not viable). The BLAST analysis indicated that the capsulated  cysts from USA and German manufacturers contained Artemia franciscana, while the Chinese supply contained A. parthenogenetica. Decapsulated cysts from a Chinese manufacturer hatched into A. parthenogenetica. While A. franciscana can be legally imported into New Zealand, A. parthenogenetica is not listed in the Import Health Standard for ‘Fish food and fish bait’ under the Biosecurity Act 1993. The morphological identifications matched the BLAST analysis data for Daphnia. Non-native Daphnia pulex was recorded from live samples from Te Aroha, Hamilton and Wellington (LID5). An Auckland sample and another Wellington sample comprised of native D. carinata s.l. Overall, commercially available fish food from aquarium suppliers can act as a vector for non-native zooplankton to New Zealand.

year: 2025