title: Ethical beginnings: Reflexive questioning in child sexuality research

authors: Flanagan, Paul G.

abstract: This paper presents my experience of taking up an area from counselling practice into research practice, and exploring a range of ethical questions. This section describes movement from identity as a counselling practitioner to a researcher identity, specifically noticing moments in which reflexivity in the practice of research have connections to experiences o f reflexivity in the practice of counselling. I explain the process of preparing and submitting my doctoral ethics application for approval and feedback. My application noted that, within this area of practice and research, this is a sensitive topic with potentially vulnerable participants, awareness of my positioning as a male researcher. A foundational value for me in this work has been an ethic of social justice, and a principle that research holds purpose in informing and developing counselling practice. Production of knowledge within this context of sensitive research calls upon a relational ethic of care (ref?) for participants' and researcher's potential vulnerabilities.

text: Ethical beginnings: Reflexive questioning in child sexuality research This paper presents my experience of taking up an area from counselling practice into research practice, and exploring a range of ethical questions. This section describes movement from identity as a counselling practitioner to a researcher identity, specifically noticing moments in which reflexivity in the practice of research have connections to experiences o f reflexivity in the practice of counselling. I explain the process of preparing and submitting my doctoral ethics application for approval and feedback. My application noted that, within this area of practice and research, this is a sensitive topic with potentially vulnerable participants, awareness of my positioning as a male researcher. A foundational value for me in this work has been an ethic of social justice, and a principle that research holds purpose in informing and developing counselling practice. Production of knowledge within this context of sensitive research calls upon a relational ethic of care (ref?) for participants' and researcher's potential vulnerabilities.

year: 2012

title: Applications of ray tracing to a pseudophakic eye model

authors: Turuwhenua, Jason

abstract: The calculation of IOL power using keratometry is adversely affected by recent corneal reshaping surgeries. This thesis investigates the application of ray tracing and general anterior corneal surface modeling, for the purpose of improving ophthalmic measurements and in particular, the estimation of IOL power.

A new algorithm (based on a multi-step approach) for the recovery of the corneal height using videokeratography is presented. The method ensures a cubic recovery with continuous curvature; skew rays are treated in post-processing. The RMS height error is measured for three simulated (with two skewed) cornea. The total errors are 6.2 x 10⁻⁴ mm ignoring the skew ray error, and 1.7 x 10⁻⁴ mm accounting for it. The individual height errors are submicron in the latter case. The algorithm gives average errors of 2.5 x 10⁻⁴ mm for a set of calibration balls. The completion time is 2.3 s over all cases, using a standard desktop PC.

A new method for the recovery of the internal ocular radii of curvature is investigated. The method is used to recover the posterior corneal radii (PII) and the anterior lens radii (PIII) given several anterior cornea models (PI) in simulation. The recovered surface powers are no more than 0.1 D(PII) and 0.006 D(PIII) in error of the true surface powers. 

A framework is then presented for modeling the effect of lens decenter and tilt on perceived image quality. The SQRI image quality metric is determined for a range of lens tilt and lens decenter values. These are compared with the statistical moments of the spot diagrams. The SQRI shows asymmetric degradation (with tilt for a particular decenter value) of imaging for a plane displaced -0.1 mm from best focus. For a plane displaced +0.1 mm from best focus, the SQRI is symmetric and improves regardless of the sign of tilt. The statistical moments suggest that skew does not necessarily imply poor imaging.

Finally, the modeling methods developed are tested on two clinically measured eyes. Minimizing the spot size, predicts the spectacle prescription to 0.0 D(OS) and 0.1 D(OD) of the mean spherical equivalent. Adding prescribed lenses to the model eye, estimates best focus to 0.03 mm and 0.02 mm of the retinal plane; consistent with better than 6/6 VA measured for OS/OD. A VisTech VCTS 6500 contrast sensitivity chart is used to verify the eye model. A 75% match with theory is found for OS, a 50% match is found for OD.

text: Applications of ray tracing to a pseudophakic eye model The calculation of IOL power using keratometry is adversely affected by recent corneal reshaping surgeries. This thesis investigates the application of ray tracing and general anterior corneal surface modeling, for the purpose of improving ophthalmic measurements and in particular, the estimation of IOL power.

A new algorithm (based on a multi-step approach) for the recovery of the corneal height using videokeratography is presented. The method ensures a cubic recovery with continuous curvature; skew rays are treated in post-processing. The RMS height error is measured for three simulated (with two skewed) cornea. The total errors are 6.2 x 10⁻⁴ mm ignoring the skew ray error, and 1.7 x 10⁻⁴ mm accounting for it. The individual height errors are submicron in the latter case. The algorithm gives average errors of 2.5 x 10⁻⁴ mm for a set of calibration balls. The completion time is 2.3 s over all cases, using a standard desktop PC.

A new method for the recovery of the internal ocular radii of curvature is investigated. The method is used to recover the posterior corneal radii (PII) and the anterior lens radii (PIII) given several anterior cornea models (PI) in simulation. The recovered surface powers are no more than 0.1 D(PII) and 0.006 D(PIII) in error of the true surface powers. 

A framework is then presented for modeling the effect of lens decenter and tilt on perceived image quality. The SQRI image quality metric is determined for a range of lens tilt and lens decenter values. These are compared with the statistical moments of the spot diagrams. The SQRI shows asymmetric degradation (with tilt for a particular decenter value) of imaging for a plane displaced -0.1 mm from best focus. For a plane displaced +0.1 mm from best focus, the SQRI is symmetric and improves regardless of the sign of tilt. The statistical moments suggest that skew does not necessarily imply poor imaging.

Finally, the modeling methods developed are tested on two clinically measured eyes. Minimizing the spot size, predicts the spectacle prescription to 0.0 D(OS) and 0.1 D(OD) of the mean spherical equivalent. Adding prescribed lenses to the model eye, estimates best focus to 0.03 mm and 0.02 mm of the retinal plane; consistent with better than 6/6 VA measured for OS/OD. A VisTech VCTS 6500 contrast sensitivity chart is used to verify the eye model. A 75% match with theory is found for OS, a 50% match is found for OD.

year: 2001

title: Mining at Te Aroha before the murder in February 1881

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Mining was slow to restart after the Christmas holidays on a goldfield whose value was still unknown. Some miners did not return, but other men, mostly with mining experience, replaced them. As was pointed out, more testing was required to justify the cautious optimism, and more explorations did not discover any payable ore or a reef of any sort. More capital was needed to fund adequate development, and the lack of a battery held back the field.
Some searched the nearby countryside, fruitlessly, but at Tui the mostly Maori miners working there seemed to be having better results. Unskilled miners who drove incompetent and even dangerous adits wasted their efforts, while others were accused of shepherding their ground. Two companies formed during January attracted many small investors, but experienced miners started leaving for newer finds, and non-miners abandoned their attempts at mining after discovering that gold was not easy to find. But others remained hopeful, and waited for the erection of a local battery to prove the value of what they had found.

text: Mining at Te Aroha before the murder in February 1881 Mining was slow to restart after the Christmas holidays on a goldfield whose value was still unknown. Some miners did not return, but other men, mostly with mining experience, replaced them. As was pointed out, more testing was required to justify the cautious optimism, and more explorations did not discover any payable ore or a reef of any sort. More capital was needed to fund adequate development, and the lack of a battery held back the field.
Some searched the nearby countryside, fruitlessly, but at Tui the mostly Maori miners working there seemed to be having better results. Unskilled miners who drove incompetent and even dangerous adits wasted their efforts, while others were accused of shepherding their ground. Two companies formed during January attracted many small investors, but experienced miners started leaving for newer finds, and non-miners abandoned their attempts at mining after discovering that gold was not easy to find. But others remained hopeful, and waited for the erection of a local battery to prove the value of what they had found.

year: 2016