title: Targeted memory reactivation, errors, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation: Implications for off-line motor learning

authors: Jahnke, Tyler Jovarn

subjects: Sleep

abstract: Memory consolidation benefits from sleep and is fundamental for motor learning. However, sleep-dependent consolidation occurs for a range of motor memories, some of which may be associated with successful practice trials and some of which may be associated with unsuccessful practice trials, or errors. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether it is possible to enhance sleep-dependent consolidation rates by constraining the learning environment in order to regulate errors during practice.

Chapter 1 reviews literature relevant to this question. Chapter Two presents an experiment in which we investigated whether sleep-dependent consolidation is likely to result in a higher rate of learning when many successful trials occur at the end of practice compared to when many unsuccessful practice trials occur at the end of practice. Results showed that the Successful-trials group displayed significant improvements in performance following a night of sleep, whereas the Unsuccessful-trials group did not. We concluded that sleep resulted in better learning in the successful trials group than the unsuccessful trials group because memories of more successful trials and fewer unsuccessful trials consolidated. A serial-position effect may explain these findings; however, more work is needed.

Chapter Three presents a follow-up experiment in which we used the same apparatus and protocol as in Chapter Two. However, we incorporated targeted memory reactivation to promote greater off-line consolidation of successful trials in the successful trials group, and of unsuccessful trials in the unsuccessful trials group. Results showed that both groups displayed significant improvements in performance following a night of sleep. We concluded that targeted memory reactivation may have augmented consolidation of successful trials at the expense of unsuccessful trials, but more work is necessary. The role of dopamine in memory consolidation was discussed.

The results of this thesis provide some support for the premise that it is possible to enhance sleep-dependent consolidation rates by constraining the learning environment in order to regulate errors during practice. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in Chapter Four.

text: Targeted memory reactivation, errors, and sleep-dependent memory consolidation: Implications for off-line motor learning Memory consolidation benefits from sleep and is fundamental for motor learning. However, sleep-dependent consolidation occurs for a range of motor memories, some of which may be associated with successful practice trials and some of which may be associated with unsuccessful practice trials, or errors. Consequently, the aim of this thesis was to investigate whether it is possible to enhance sleep-dependent consolidation rates by constraining the learning environment in order to regulate errors during practice.

Chapter 1 reviews literature relevant to this question. Chapter Two presents an experiment in which we investigated whether sleep-dependent consolidation is likely to result in a higher rate of learning when many successful trials occur at the end of practice compared to when many unsuccessful practice trials occur at the end of practice. Results showed that the Successful-trials group displayed significant improvements in performance following a night of sleep, whereas the Unsuccessful-trials group did not. We concluded that sleep resulted in better learning in the successful trials group than the unsuccessful trials group because memories of more successful trials and fewer unsuccessful trials consolidated. A serial-position effect may explain these findings; however, more work is needed.

Chapter Three presents a follow-up experiment in which we used the same apparatus and protocol as in Chapter Two. However, we incorporated targeted memory reactivation to promote greater off-line consolidation of successful trials in the successful trials group, and of unsuccessful trials in the unsuccessful trials group. Results showed that both groups displayed significant improvements in performance following a night of sleep. We concluded that targeted memory reactivation may have augmented consolidation of successful trials at the expense of unsuccessful trials, but more work is necessary. The role of dopamine in memory consolidation was discussed.

The results of this thesis provide some support for the premise that it is possible to enhance sleep-dependent consolidation rates by constraining the learning environment in order to regulate errors during practice. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed in Chapter Four.

year: 2022

title: Balanced cross-section and crustal shortening analysis in the Tanggula-Tuotuohe Area, Northern Tibet

authors: Li, Yalin

subjects: Tibetan plateau

abstract: The Tanggula (唐古拉) thrust system and the Tuotuohe (沱沱河) foreland basin, which represent major Cenozoic tectonic units of the central Tibetan plateau, have been recently studied. Field investigation, analyses of deformation and construction of two restored balanced structural sections suggest 75–100 km (51%–64%) of N-S shortening in the Tanggula thrust system and 55–114 km (42%–47%) of N-S shortening in the Tuotuohe basin. The shortening ratios indicate that the Tanggula-Tuotuohe area has undergone intensive deformation and crustal shortening during the Early Tertiary, resulting not only in crustal thickening, but also in large scale volcanism and in rapid uplift of the Tanggula Mountains.

text: Balanced cross-section and crustal shortening analysis in the Tanggula-Tuotuohe Area, Northern Tibet The Tanggula (唐古拉) thrust system and the Tuotuohe (沱沱河) foreland basin, which represent major Cenozoic tectonic units of the central Tibetan plateau, have been recently studied. Field investigation, analyses of deformation and construction of two restored balanced structural sections suggest 75–100 km (51%–64%) of N-S shortening in the Tanggula thrust system and 55–114 km (42%–47%) of N-S shortening in the Tuotuohe basin. The shortening ratios indicate that the Tanggula-Tuotuohe area has undergone intensive deformation and crustal shortening during the Early Tertiary, resulting not only in crustal thickening, but also in large scale volcanism and in rapid uplift of the Tanggula Mountains.

year: 2011

title: Te tātari i te kaupapa

authors: Ka'ai, Tānia M.

abstract: The primary objective of this thesis focuses on the linking of the National Qualifications Framework and standards-based assessment as an emancipatory mechanism for Māori in Kaupapa Māori schooling and the wider Māori community in New Zealand.

Argued from an eclectic theoretical approach incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, it espouses a position which rejects structural inequalities that perpetuate the subordinate positioning of Māori people through the development of culturally responsive assessment theories and practices in written language for teachers and children in Kura Kaupapa Māori which purport a culturally responsive pedagogy.

The thesis also links curriculum, assessment and pedagogy using Kaupapa Māori theory which provides insights into Māori views of emancipation in education.

text: Te tātari i te kaupapa The primary objective of this thesis focuses on the linking of the National Qualifications Framework and standards-based assessment as an emancipatory mechanism for Māori in Kaupapa Māori schooling and the wider Māori community in New Zealand.

Argued from an eclectic theoretical approach incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, it espouses a position which rejects structural inequalities that perpetuate the subordinate positioning of Māori people through the development of culturally responsive assessment theories and practices in written language for teachers and children in Kura Kaupapa Māori which purport a culturally responsive pedagogy.

The thesis also links curriculum, assessment and pedagogy using Kaupapa Māori theory which provides insights into Māori views of emancipation in education.

year: 1995