title: Overseas investment through legal, policy and comparative law lenses: An examination of New ‎Zealand’s approach to protecting sensitive land and the interests of future generations including ‎comparisons with Canada and Kuwait

authors: Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell

abstract: The current entity is the Overseas Investment Office (OIO), which is a regulatory unit within Land Information New Zealand (a government department). The OIO is engaged with “realising the benefits of overseas investment, while protecting New Zealand’s sensitive land and assets”, which is a difficult balancing act. The Act states that it is a privilege for overseas persons to own or control sensitive New Zealand assets. New Zealand is a great place to “do business” – currently it’s ranked the best in the world. It’s also a great place in which to invest and New Zealand encourages overseas investment so long as there is a “benefit to New Zealand”. That means, any overseas person wishing to buy sensitive land or business assets must demonstrate that their investment will, or is likely to, benefit New Zealand (or any part of it, or a group of New Zealanders). If the land is over five hectares, then the benefits must be substantial and identifiable. Decision-makers take into account 21 economic, environmental and cultural factors when deciding if the overseas investor passes that test. This test is “unique among global investment screening regimes. Its closest comparator is Canada’s ‘net benefit’ test, but that focuses on economic factors”. This paper will proceed on the assumption that-in accordance with the principles and purposes of comparative law-every legal system has something to learn from every other system; knowing how other legal systems have tackled an issue can inform national lawmaking since virtually all legal systems face the same problems.9 For international scholars with an interest in overseas investment law, the paper will provide an overview of New Zealand’s unique approach. The paper will discuss what is meant by “benefit to New Zealand”, a crucial test that any potential “overseas person” must satisfy.10 The paper will also discuss the recent changes to the meaning of “sensitive land” which now includes all residential land, significant business assets and fishing quota. In a nutshell, overseas persons (or associates of overseas persons) now need prior consent from the OIO before they can purchase sensitive land or business assets. The paper will explain key legislative provisions and some recent court decisions11 one of which resulted in an order for an overseas person to divest itself of its entire interest in two properties for failure to obtain consent before purchasing, in addition to a substantial civil penalty.12 Interestingly, getting prior legal advice provides no protection from the OIO’s powers. The overall purpose of this paper is to explain how one jurisdiction (New Zealand) is managing overseas investment and how it seeks to achieve a balance between the benefits and risks.

text: Overseas investment through legal, policy and comparative law lenses: An examination of New ‎Zealand’s approach to protecting sensitive land and the interests of future generations including ‎comparisons with Canada and Kuwait The current entity is the Overseas Investment Office (OIO), which is a regulatory unit within Land Information New Zealand (a government department). The OIO is engaged with “realising the benefits of overseas investment, while protecting New Zealand’s sensitive land and assets”, which is a difficult balancing act. The Act states that it is a privilege for overseas persons to own or control sensitive New Zealand assets. New Zealand is a great place to “do business” – currently it’s ranked the best in the world. It’s also a great place in which to invest and New Zealand encourages overseas investment so long as there is a “benefit to New Zealand”. That means, any overseas person wishing to buy sensitive land or business assets must demonstrate that their investment will, or is likely to, benefit New Zealand (or any part of it, or a group of New Zealanders). If the land is over five hectares, then the benefits must be substantial and identifiable. Decision-makers take into account 21 economic, environmental and cultural factors when deciding if the overseas investor passes that test. This test is “unique among global investment screening regimes. Its closest comparator is Canada’s ‘net benefit’ test, but that focuses on economic factors”. This paper will proceed on the assumption that-in accordance with the principles and purposes of comparative law-every legal system has something to learn from every other system; knowing how other legal systems have tackled an issue can inform national lawmaking since virtually all legal systems face the same problems.9 For international scholars with an interest in overseas investment law, the paper will provide an overview of New Zealand’s unique approach. The paper will discuss what is meant by “benefit to New Zealand”, a crucial test that any potential “overseas person” must satisfy.10 The paper will also discuss the recent changes to the meaning of “sensitive land” which now includes all residential land, significant business assets and fishing quota. In a nutshell, overseas persons (or associates of overseas persons) now need prior consent from the OIO before they can purchase sensitive land or business assets. The paper will explain key legislative provisions and some recent court decisions11 one of which resulted in an order for an overseas person to divest itself of its entire interest in two properties for failure to obtain consent before purchasing, in addition to a substantial civil penalty.12 Interestingly, getting prior legal advice provides no protection from the OIO’s powers. The overall purpose of this paper is to explain how one jurisdiction (New Zealand) is managing overseas investment and how it seeks to achieve a balance between the benefits and risks.

year: 2020

title: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Exhibition Guide

authors: Chen, Jingyu Chen

subjects: mobile guide

abstract: As mobile devices are increasingly merging into our daily lives, exhibition ser-
vices are also facing innovation based on the newly available technologies. Our
project addresses these new circumstances. We developed a mobile exhibition
guide for the exhibition called quot;Mrs Brown's Big Day Out: Hamilton Women
in the 1950squot;. That is organized by the Waikato Museum. The proposed sys-
tem re-uses the TIP(Tourist Information Provider) system's framework and
provides information via mobile devices to visitors on Victoria Street, which
is an outdoor part of the exhibition. The information about a sight will be
delivered according to visitors' current locations and their interests.
We would also like to examine the possibility of re-using our TIP system
within the application area of exhibition guide. Therefore, we built the mobile
exhibition guide system under the TIP system's framework and developed
corresponding services that tailored the system to the requirements of visitors
and the exhibition organizer. During the development, we faced a number of
challenges, especially, modeling the unknown and unstructured exhibition data
into the TIP database. The development process as well as the implementation
and evaluation are detailed in this report.

text: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Mobile Exhibition Guide As mobile devices are increasingly merging into our daily lives, exhibition ser-
vices are also facing innovation based on the newly available technologies. Our
project addresses these new circumstances. We developed a mobile exhibition
guide for the exhibition called quot;Mrs Brown's Big Day Out: Hamilton Women
in the 1950squot;. That is organized by the Waikato Museum. The proposed sys-
tem re-uses the TIP(Tourist Information Provider) system's framework and
provides information via mobile devices to visitors on Victoria Street, which
is an outdoor part of the exhibition. The information about a sight will be
delivered according to visitors' current locations and their interests.
We would also like to examine the possibility of re-using our TIP system
within the application area of exhibition guide. Therefore, we built the mobile
exhibition guide system under the TIP system's framework and developed
corresponding services that tailored the system to the requirements of visitors
and the exhibition organizer. During the development, we faced a number of
challenges, especially, modeling the unknown and unstructured exhibition data
into the TIP database. The development process as well as the implementation
and evaluation are detailed in this report.

year: 2007

title: Tauira Rangatahi Numeracy and Literacy Programme: Apps in Numeracy and Literacy Research

authors: Calder, Nigel Stuart

subjects: Youth Guarantee

abstract: A key aspect of tertiary education undertaken by Te Wananga o Aotearoa (TWoA) is re-establishing engagement and success in the rangatahi space through meeting the literacy and numeracy demands for programmes at levels 1–3. TWoA has Youth Guarantee programmes that deliver introductory Sport and Leisure and Contemporary Māori Arts programmes with embedded literacy and numeracy. The purpose of this research project was to investigate tauira rangatahi attitudes towards literacy and numeracy development through the application of appropriate cultural capital in conjunction with contemporary digital technologies. The research examined the influence of iPad apps on the beliefs and attitudes of Youth Guarantee tauira towards numeracy and literacy.

text: Tauira Rangatahi Numeracy and Literacy Programme: Apps in Numeracy and Literacy Research A key aspect of tertiary education undertaken by Te Wananga o Aotearoa (TWoA) is re-establishing engagement and success in the rangatahi space through meeting the literacy and numeracy demands for programmes at levels 1–3. TWoA has Youth Guarantee programmes that deliver introductory Sport and Leisure and Contemporary Māori Arts programmes with embedded literacy and numeracy. The purpose of this research project was to investigate tauira rangatahi attitudes towards literacy and numeracy development through the application of appropriate cultural capital in conjunction with contemporary digital technologies. The research examined the influence of iPad apps on the beliefs and attitudes of Youth Guarantee tauira towards numeracy and literacy.

year: 2014