title: Appropriate placement of vapour recompression in ultra-low energy industrial milk evaporation systems using Pinch Analysis

authors: Walmsley, Timothy Gordon

subjects: Pinch Analysis

abstract: This study focuses on applying Pinch Analysis to an industrial milk evaporator case study to quantify the potential energy savings. Modern milk evaporators are typically integrated using both mechanical and thermal vapour recompression technologies as the primary means for attaining a high level of energy efficiency. A significant step change in energy efficiency for milk evaporators is achieved in this study by appropriate placement of vapour recompression in a new improved two-effect milk evaporation system design. The Grand Composite Curve helps identify areas for process modifications and placements of vapour recompression that result in energy reduction. In particular, the innovative placement of Mechanical Vapour Recompression in the system unlocks significant energy, energy cost, and emissions savings. The new design requires 78% less steam (6397 kW) at the expense of 16% (364 kWele) more electricity use. The estimated cost savings associated with the improved design is $942,601/y and the emissions reduction is 3416 t CO2-e/y. Further energy efficiency improvements and cost savings of $1,411,844/y are gained through improved Total Site Heat Integration through recovery of waste heat from the dryer exhaust air and boiler return condensate streams.

text: Appropriate placement of vapour recompression in ultra-low energy industrial milk evaporation systems using Pinch Analysis This study focuses on applying Pinch Analysis to an industrial milk evaporator case study to quantify the potential energy savings. Modern milk evaporators are typically integrated using both mechanical and thermal vapour recompression technologies as the primary means for attaining a high level of energy efficiency. A significant step change in energy efficiency for milk evaporators is achieved in this study by appropriate placement of vapour recompression in a new improved two-effect milk evaporation system design. The Grand Composite Curve helps identify areas for process modifications and placements of vapour recompression that result in energy reduction. In particular, the innovative placement of Mechanical Vapour Recompression in the system unlocks significant energy, energy cost, and emissions savings. The new design requires 78% less steam (6397 kW) at the expense of 16% (364 kWele) more electricity use. The estimated cost savings associated with the improved design is $942,601/y and the emissions reduction is 3416 t CO2-e/y. Further energy efficiency improvements and cost savings of $1,411,844/y are gained through improved Total Site Heat Integration through recovery of waste heat from the dryer exhaust air and boiler return condensate streams.

year: 2016

title: Threshold cointegration and the short-run dynamics of twin deficit behaviour

authors: Holmes, Mark J.

subjects: current account balance

abstract: This paper examines the relationship between the current account and budget balances by means of a threshold cointegration approach advocated by Hansen and Seo (2002). Using US data covering 1947–2009, a long-run positive cointegrating relationship is confirmed. This supports the notion of a Keynesian twin deficits relationship. The short-run dynamics are investigated through an estimated threshold vector error correction model. Depending on the regime present, it is either the external or internal balance that is responsible for error correction. This has important implications for the use of fiscal policy to control the external balance.

text: Threshold cointegration and the short-run dynamics of twin deficit behaviour This paper examines the relationship between the current account and budget balances by means of a threshold cointegration approach advocated by Hansen and Seo (2002). Using US data covering 1947–2009, a long-run positive cointegrating relationship is confirmed. This supports the notion of a Keynesian twin deficits relationship. The short-run dynamics are investigated through an estimated threshold vector error correction model. Depending on the regime present, it is either the external or internal balance that is responsible for error correction. This has important implications for the use of fiscal policy to control the external balance.

year: 2010

title: National Maori and Pacific psychologies symposium: Claiming spaces

authors: Levy, Michelle Patricia

subjects: Maori

abstract: In 2002 the Maori and Psychology Research Unit made a valuable contribution to the  teaching and practice of psychology in Aotearoa via the two day Maori Graduates of Psychology Symposium: Making a Difference. Mid-way through 2006, our collective memories of the hard work in 2002  diminished, so much so that we once again considered hosting a similar event. Building on the foundations laid in 2002, the theme of the 2007 symposium was "Claiming Spaces", with our focus expanding to include peoples of the Pacific. This theme reflected that the time had come for Maori and Pacific Psychologies to move from the margins and claim legitimate space within psychology. It recognized that here in Aotearoa we have the potential to be pioneers in the development of psychologies relevant and applicable to Maori and Pacific peoples, and to better understand what science, culture and practice means when indigenous and cultural world views are prioritised. It was an inclusive theme, with the programme comprising presentations led by Maori and Pacific psychologists, graduates of psychology and psychology students. These presentations reflected on and made connections to the theme of "Claiming Spaces".

text: National Maori and Pacific psychologies symposium: Claiming spaces In 2002 the Maori and Psychology Research Unit made a valuable contribution to the  teaching and practice of psychology in Aotearoa via the two day Maori Graduates of Psychology Symposium: Making a Difference. Mid-way through 2006, our collective memories of the hard work in 2002  diminished, so much so that we once again considered hosting a similar event. Building on the foundations laid in 2002, the theme of the 2007 symposium was "Claiming Spaces", with our focus expanding to include peoples of the Pacific. This theme reflected that the time had come for Maori and Pacific Psychologies to move from the margins and claim legitimate space within psychology. It recognized that here in Aotearoa we have the potential to be pioneers in the development of psychologies relevant and applicable to Maori and Pacific peoples, and to better understand what science, culture and practice means when indigenous and cultural world views are prioritised. It was an inclusive theme, with the programme comprising presentations led by Maori and Pacific psychologists, graduates of psychology and psychology students. These presentations reflected on and made connections to the theme of "Claiming Spaces".

year: 2008