title: Reinvasion by ship rats (Rattus rattus) of forest fragments after eradication

authors: King, Carolyn M.

subjects: invasive predators

abstract: Reinvasions provide prime examples of source-sink population dynamics, and are a major reason for failure of eradications of invasive rats from protected areas. Yet little is known about the origins and population structure of the replacement population compared with the original one. We eradicated eight populations of ship rats from separate podocarp- broadleaved forest fragments surrounded by open grassland (averaging 5.3 ha, scattered across 20,000 ha) in rural landscapes of Waikato, New Zealand, and monitored the- re-establishment of new populations. Rats were kill-trapped to extinction during January to April 2008, and then again after reinvasion in April–May (total n = 517). Rats carrying Rhodamine B dye (n = 94), available only in baits placed 1–2 months in advance in adjacent source areas located 170–380 m (average 228 m edge to edge) away, appeared in 7 of the 8 fragments from the first day of the first eradication. The distribution of age groups, genders and proportions of reproductively mature adults (more immature juvenile males and fewer fully mature old females) was different among marked rats compared with all other rats (P = 0.001, n = 509); in all rats caught on days 7+ of the first eradication compared with on days 1–6 (P = 0.000); and in the total sample collected in fragments by trapping to and after local extinction compared with in brief, fixed-schedule sampling of populations in continuous forests (P = 0.000). Genotyping of 493 carcases found no significant population-level differentiation among the 8 fragments, confirming that the rats in all fragments belonged to a single dynamic metapopulation. Marked rats of both genders travelled up to 600 m in a few days. Conservation of forest fragments is compromised by the problem that ship rats cannot be prevented from rapidly reinvading any cleared area after eradication.

text: Reinvasion by ship rats (Rattus rattus) of forest fragments after eradication Reinvasions provide prime examples of source-sink population dynamics, and are a major reason for failure of eradications of invasive rats from protected areas. Yet little is known about the origins and population structure of the replacement population compared with the original one. We eradicated eight populations of ship rats from separate podocarp- broadleaved forest fragments surrounded by open grassland (averaging 5.3 ha, scattered across 20,000 ha) in rural landscapes of Waikato, New Zealand, and monitored the- re-establishment of new populations. Rats were kill-trapped to extinction during January to April 2008, and then again after reinvasion in April–May (total n = 517). Rats carrying Rhodamine B dye (n = 94), available only in baits placed 1–2 months in advance in adjacent source areas located 170–380 m (average 228 m edge to edge) away, appeared in 7 of the 8 fragments from the first day of the first eradication. The distribution of age groups, genders and proportions of reproductively mature adults (more immature juvenile males and fewer fully mature old females) was different among marked rats compared with all other rats (P = 0.001, n = 509); in all rats caught on days 7+ of the first eradication compared with on days 1–6 (P = 0.000); and in the total sample collected in fragments by trapping to and after local extinction compared with in brief, fixed-schedule sampling of populations in continuous forests (P = 0.000). Genotyping of 493 carcases found no significant population-level differentiation among the 8 fragments, confirming that the rats in all fragments belonged to a single dynamic metapopulation. Marked rats of both genders travelled up to 600 m in a few days. Conservation of forest fragments is compromised by the problem that ship rats cannot be prevented from rapidly reinvading any cleared area after eradication.

year: 2011

title: Have a little faith: The advancement of religion and public benefit

authors: Chevalier-Watts, Juliet

subjects: Law

abstract: In other words, this book is concerned with the place of religion – and religious institutions – in contemporary society.
This chapter demonstrates that religion is still just as relevant in contemporary society as it was in ancient times and, further, that charity law is the perfect instrument to enable the most fitting utilization of religion, under the embrace of advancement of religion.
In undertaking this analysis, this chapter considers the doctrine of public benefit and its role within charity law to ensure the legitimacy of religious charitable purposes, and specifically considers the approach of the Australasian courts to evaluate critically the issues surrounding public benefit and the advancement of religion.
Prior to considering the jurisprudence of Australia and New Zealand, we will set out, briefly, the importance of religion generally within society, to contextualize its relevance. Then we will outline the law relating to charitable purposes, and public benefit, in order to underpin the discussions that follow.

text: Have a little faith: The advancement of religion and public benefit In other words, this book is concerned with the place of religion – and religious institutions – in contemporary society.
This chapter demonstrates that religion is still just as relevant in contemporary society as it was in ancient times and, further, that charity law is the perfect instrument to enable the most fitting utilization of religion, under the embrace of advancement of religion.
In undertaking this analysis, this chapter considers the doctrine of public benefit and its role within charity law to ensure the legitimacy of religious charitable purposes, and specifically considers the approach of the Australasian courts to evaluate critically the issues surrounding public benefit and the advancement of religion.
Prior to considering the jurisprudence of Australia and New Zealand, we will set out, briefly, the importance of religion generally within society, to contextualize its relevance. Then we will outline the law relating to charitable purposes, and public benefit, in order to underpin the discussions that follow.

year: 2020-02-29

title: Māori, census 2018 and data sovereignty

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: This webinar explores the issues with the 2018 Census data collection and examines what the implications could be for communities and funding.  See below to read some relevant articles prior to the webinar.

Our presenters also discuss iwi data sovereignty and data bias and the reasons why we should all pay more attention to the quality of the data we provide, use and collect.

text: Māori, census 2018 and data sovereignty This webinar explores the issues with the 2018 Census data collection and examines what the implications could be for communities and funding.  See below to read some relevant articles prior to the webinar.

Our presenters also discuss iwi data sovereignty and data bias and the reasons why we should all pay more attention to the quality of the data we provide, use and collect.

year: 2019