title: Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies

authors: Johnston, Robert J.

subjects: Choice experiment

abstract: This article proposes contemporary best-practice recommendations for stated preference (SP) studies used to inform decision making, grounded in the accumulated body of peer-reviewed literature. These recommendations consider the use of SP methods to estimate both use and non-use (passive-use) values, and cover the broad SP domain, including contingent valuation and discrete choice experiments. We focus on applications to public goods in the context of the environment and human health but also consider ways in which the proposed recommendations might apply to other common areas of application. The recommendations recognize that SP results may be used and reused (benefit transfers) by governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations, and that all such applications must be considered. The intended result is a set of guidelines for SP studies that is more comprehensive than that of the original National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Blue Ribbon Panel on contingent valuation, is more germane to contemporary applications, and reflects the two decades of research since that time. We also distinguish between practices for which accumulated research is sufficient to support recommendations and those for which greater uncertainty remains. The goal of this article is to raise the quality of SP studies used to support decision making and promote research that will further enhance the practice of these studies worldwide.

text: Contemporary Guidance for Stated Preference Studies This article proposes contemporary best-practice recommendations for stated preference (SP) studies used to inform decision making, grounded in the accumulated body of peer-reviewed literature. These recommendations consider the use of SP methods to estimate both use and non-use (passive-use) values, and cover the broad SP domain, including contingent valuation and discrete choice experiments. We focus on applications to public goods in the context of the environment and human health but also consider ways in which the proposed recommendations might apply to other common areas of application. The recommendations recognize that SP results may be used and reused (benefit transfers) by governmental agencies and nongovernmental organizations, and that all such applications must be considered. The intended result is a set of guidelines for SP studies that is more comprehensive than that of the original National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Blue Ribbon Panel on contingent valuation, is more germane to contemporary applications, and reflects the two decades of research since that time. We also distinguish between practices for which accumulated research is sufficient to support recommendations and those for which greater uncertainty remains. The goal of this article is to raise the quality of SP studies used to support decision making and promote research that will further enhance the practice of these studies worldwide.

year: 2017

title: Experiences of Tongan Women Migrants at Paid Work in New Zealand

authors: Fa'anunu, Sinama Tupou

subjects: Tongan women

abstract: The employment experiences of Tongan women migrants have received little attention in the literature.  This study therefore, sought to shed light on the dynamics of their social and economic experiences at paid work in New Zealand.  It was guided by the theories of population geographies, feminist geography and postcolonialism.  The inter-relationships of these theories provided insights into the influence of migration on these women's identities, ethnicity and gender relations and also how these influence these women's experiences at paid work in New Zealand.  The data were drawn from two major sources: i) the New Zealand 2006 population census and ii) in-depth interviews held in Tonga and New Zealand, with greater focus on the interviews.

This study revealed that the Tongan women's decisions for migrating to New Zealand were influenced by social rather than economic incentives.  Migration has challenged these women's traditional roles and reconstructed their gender relations.  Many are breadwinners yet Tongan born men in New Zealand still predominantly engage in the labour force and have higher personal income.  Their experiences at paid work also differ from the New Zealand born Tongan women in New Zealand.  These differences reflect the availability of their social networks and their familiarity with the socio-economic systems in New Zealand.  They experienced successes and failures at paid work on their way to improving their lives in New Zealand.

text: Experiences of Tongan Women Migrants at Paid Work in New Zealand The employment experiences of Tongan women migrants have received little attention in the literature.  This study therefore, sought to shed light on the dynamics of their social and economic experiences at paid work in New Zealand.  It was guided by the theories of population geographies, feminist geography and postcolonialism.  The inter-relationships of these theories provided insights into the influence of migration on these women's identities, ethnicity and gender relations and also how these influence these women's experiences at paid work in New Zealand.  The data were drawn from two major sources: i) the New Zealand 2006 population census and ii) in-depth interviews held in Tonga and New Zealand, with greater focus on the interviews.

This study revealed that the Tongan women's decisions for migrating to New Zealand were influenced by social rather than economic incentives.  Migration has challenged these women's traditional roles and reconstructed their gender relations.  Many are breadwinners yet Tongan born men in New Zealand still predominantly engage in the labour force and have higher personal income.  Their experiences at paid work also differ from the New Zealand born Tongan women in New Zealand.  These differences reflect the availability of their social networks and their familiarity with the socio-economic systems in New Zealand.  They experienced successes and failures at paid work on their way to improving their lives in New Zealand.

year: 2007

title: Cultural identity and academic achievement among Māori undergraduate university students

authors: Bennett, Simon T.

subjects: Maori

abstract: Cultural identity and academic achievement were investigated among a nonrandom
sample of 72 undergraduate Māori university students studying at Massey
University. Student problems were examined to identify the types of difficulties
most prevalent among this population. The degree to which cultural identity
moderates the relationship between student problems and academic achievement
was then examined. Major findings were that (a) there is a consistent negative
relationship between student problems and academic achievement; and (b) cultural
identity moderates the effect of student problems on academic achievement, in that:
a high degree of problems were associated with decreases in grade point average
among respondents with low cultural identity; while among respondents with high
cultural identity, high levels of student problems had little negative effect on grade
point average. Despite the study having limitations, the findings have important
implications for Māori students, deliverers of tertiary education, tertiary education
providers, and those involved in the development and implementation of tertiary
education policy.

text: Cultural identity and academic achievement among Māori undergraduate university students Cultural identity and academic achievement were investigated among a nonrandom
sample of 72 undergraduate Māori university students studying at Massey
University. Student problems were examined to identify the types of difficulties
most prevalent among this population. The degree to which cultural identity
moderates the relationship between student problems and academic achievement
was then examined. Major findings were that (a) there is a consistent negative
relationship between student problems and academic achievement; and (b) cultural
identity moderates the effect of student problems on academic achievement, in that:
a high degree of problems were associated with decreases in grade point average
among respondents with low cultural identity; while among respondents with high
cultural identity, high levels of student problems had little negative effect on grade
point average. Despite the study having limitations, the findings have important
implications for Māori students, deliverers of tertiary education, tertiary education
providers, and those involved in the development and implementation of tertiary
education policy.

year: 2003