title: Semantic In-Network Complex Event Processing for an Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network

authors: Kasi, Mumraiz Khan

subjects: Wireless Sensor Networks

abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes that perform monitoring tasks in a region and the gateway nodes that provide the acquired sensor data to the end user. With advances in the WSN technology, it has now become possible to have different types of sensor nodes within a region to monitor the environment. This provides the flexibility to monitor the environment in a more extensive manner than before.

Sensor nodes are severely constrained devices with very limited battery sources and their resource scarcity remains a challenge. In traditional WSNs, the sensor nodes are used only for capturing data that is analysed later in more powerful gateway nodes. This continuous communication of data between sensor nodes and gateway nodes wastes energy at the sensor nodes, and consequently, the overall network lifetime is greatly reduced. Existing approaches to reduce energy consumption by processing at the sensor node level only work for homogeneous networks.

This thesis presents a sensor node architecture for heterogeneous WSNs, called SEPSen, where data is processed locally at the sensor node level to reduce energy consumption. We use ontology fragments at the sensor nodes to enable data exchange between heterogeneous sensor nodes within the WSN. We employ a rule engine based on a pattern matching algorithm for filtering events at the sensor node level. The event routing towards the gateway nodes is performed using a context-aware routing scheme that takes both the energy consumption and the heterogeneity of the sensor nodes into account.

As a proof of concept, we present a prototypical implementation of the SEPSen design in a simulation environment. By providing semantic support, in-network data processing capabilities and context-aware routing in SEPSen, the sensor nodes (1) communicate with each other despite their different sensor types, (2) filter events at the their own level to conserve the limited sensor node energy resources and (3) share the nodes' knowledge bases for collaboration between the sensor nodes using node-centric context-awareness in changing conditions. The SEPSen prototype has been evaluated based on a test case for water quality management. The results from the experiments show that the energy saved in SEPSen reaches almost 50% by processing events at the sensor node level and the overall network lifetime is increased by at least a factor of two against the shortest-path-first (Min-Hop) routing approach.

text: Semantic In-Network Complex Event Processing for an Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Network Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of spatially distributed sensor nodes that perform monitoring tasks in a region and the gateway nodes that provide the acquired sensor data to the end user. With advances in the WSN technology, it has now become possible to have different types of sensor nodes within a region to monitor the environment. This provides the flexibility to monitor the environment in a more extensive manner than before.

Sensor nodes are severely constrained devices with very limited battery sources and their resource scarcity remains a challenge. In traditional WSNs, the sensor nodes are used only for capturing data that is analysed later in more powerful gateway nodes. This continuous communication of data between sensor nodes and gateway nodes wastes energy at the sensor nodes, and consequently, the overall network lifetime is greatly reduced. Existing approaches to reduce energy consumption by processing at the sensor node level only work for homogeneous networks.

This thesis presents a sensor node architecture for heterogeneous WSNs, called SEPSen, where data is processed locally at the sensor node level to reduce energy consumption. We use ontology fragments at the sensor nodes to enable data exchange between heterogeneous sensor nodes within the WSN. We employ a rule engine based on a pattern matching algorithm for filtering events at the sensor node level. The event routing towards the gateway nodes is performed using a context-aware routing scheme that takes both the energy consumption and the heterogeneity of the sensor nodes into account.

As a proof of concept, we present a prototypical implementation of the SEPSen design in a simulation environment. By providing semantic support, in-network data processing capabilities and context-aware routing in SEPSen, the sensor nodes (1) communicate with each other despite their different sensor types, (2) filter events at the their own level to conserve the limited sensor node energy resources and (3) share the nodes' knowledge bases for collaboration between the sensor nodes using node-centric context-awareness in changing conditions. The SEPSen prototype has been evaluated based on a test case for water quality management. The results from the experiments show that the energy saved in SEPSen reaches almost 50% by processing events at the sensor node level and the overall network lifetime is increased by at least a factor of two against the shortest-path-first (Min-Hop) routing approach.

year: 2015

title: Nurturing talent through curriculum integration

authors: Brough, Chris Jane

subjects: curriculum integration

abstract: In this paper I discuss the benefits of curriculum integration for gifted and talented students in the regular classroom setting. Although this approach to curriculum delivery enhances learning for all learners, the focus of this article is the gifted and talented student. In this paper I begin by describing the approach and the teacher's role in the process. I then explore how curriculum integration differentiates learning, enhances cultural inclusiveness and crosses traditional subject boundaries. Examples of integrated units are woven throughout this paper to illustrate how this approach can be implemented in practice.

text: Nurturing talent through curriculum integration In this paper I discuss the benefits of curriculum integration for gifted and talented students in the regular classroom setting. Although this approach to curriculum delivery enhances learning for all learners, the focus of this article is the gifted and talented student. In this paper I begin by describing the approach and the teacher's role in the process. I then explore how curriculum integration differentiates learning, enhances cultural inclusiveness and crosses traditional subject boundaries. Examples of integrated units are woven throughout this paper to illustrate how this approach can be implemented in practice.

year: 2007

title: Maori and epilepsy: Personal perceptions of the cause, treatment and consequences of epilepsy by Maori in the Bay of Plenty

authors: Simonsen, Kiri

subjects: Maori

abstract: This paper discusses the perceptions of epilepsy held by Maori in the Bay of Plenty. The paper
begins by introducing the purpose and rationale of the research. It then moves on to describe the
aims and qualitative research methods that were used to collect the data. Finally the paper
discusses the findings of the research, this includes: a close look at the unique perceptions of
epilepsy that were reported by Maori in the Bay of Plenty; the lack of resources and services
available in a small rural town of the Bay of Plenty; the services desired by Maori; attitudes
towards medication and the inappropriate behaviour many of the participants experienced by the
medical profession.

text: Maori and epilepsy: Personal perceptions of the cause, treatment and consequences of epilepsy by Maori in the Bay of Plenty This paper discusses the perceptions of epilepsy held by Maori in the Bay of Plenty. The paper
begins by introducing the purpose and rationale of the research. It then moves on to describe the
aims and qualitative research methods that were used to collect the data. Finally the paper
discusses the findings of the research, this includes: a close look at the unique perceptions of
epilepsy that were reported by Maori in the Bay of Plenty; the lack of resources and services
available in a small rural town of the Bay of Plenty; the services desired by Maori; attitudes
towards medication and the inappropriate behaviour many of the participants experienced by the
medical profession.

year: 1999