title: Purification and properties of a stable beta-glucosidase from an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium.

authors: Patchett, Mark L.

subjects: biology

abstract: A beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. The enzyme has an Mr of 43,000 as determined by molecular-exclusion chromatography, has a pI of 4.55 and shows optimum activity at pH 6.2. The enzyme is active against a wide range of aryl beta-glycosides and beta-linked disaccharides, with beta-galactosidase activity only slightly less than beta-glucosidase activity, and significant beta-xylosidase activity. Lineweaver-Burk plots for p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside and cellobiose substrates are biphasic concave-downwards. Inhibition of the beta-glucosidase by substrates and glucose is negligible. Thermal inactivation follows first-order kinetics, with t1/2 (65 degrees C) 45 h, t1/2 (75 degrees C) 47 min and t1/2 (85 degrees C) 1.4 min and a deactivation energy of 380 kJ/mol at pH 6.2. At pH 7.0, which is the optimum pH for thermostability, t1/2 (75 degrees C) is 130 min. At 75 degrees C, at pH 6.2, the thermostability is enhanced about 8-fold by 10% (w/v) glycerol, about 6-fold by 0.2 M-cellobiose and about 3-fold by 5 mM-dithiothreitol and 5 mM-2-mercaptoethanol.

text: Purification and properties of a stable beta-glucosidase from an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. A beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was purified to homogeneity from cell-free extracts of an extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacterium. The enzyme has an Mr of 43,000 as determined by molecular-exclusion chromatography, has a pI of 4.55 and shows optimum activity at pH 6.2. The enzyme is active against a wide range of aryl beta-glycosides and beta-linked disaccharides, with beta-galactosidase activity only slightly less than beta-glucosidase activity, and significant beta-xylosidase activity. Lineweaver-Burk plots for p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside, o-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside and cellobiose substrates are biphasic concave-downwards. Inhibition of the beta-glucosidase by substrates and glucose is negligible. Thermal inactivation follows first-order kinetics, with t1/2 (65 degrees C) 45 h, t1/2 (75 degrees C) 47 min and t1/2 (85 degrees C) 1.4 min and a deactivation energy of 380 kJ/mol at pH 6.2. At pH 7.0, which is the optimum pH for thermostability, t1/2 (75 degrees C) is 130 min. At 75 degrees C, at pH 6.2, the thermostability is enhanced about 8-fold by 10% (w/v) glycerol, about 6-fold by 0.2 M-cellobiose and about 3-fold by 5 mM-dithiothreitol and 5 mM-2-mercaptoethanol.

year: 1987

title: The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector

authors: Thomas, Leny Philip

subjects: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

abstract: The randomized two group design (control and intervention group) study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-help book based on ACT for support staff working in disability sector. 10 participants in the intervention group engaged with the book and did the exercises for a 7-week period while 12 participants waited. The researcher contacted the participants in the intervention group by telephone every week to discuss the respective section assigned for each week. 10 participants from the intervention group and 12 from the control group completed pre and post intervention measures for acceptance, mindfulness, quality of life, stress, thought suppression, values, general mental health and on thought control. Participants from the intervention group who read the book rated the usefulness of each section, answered if they were able to engage with the material and rated the difficulty level of the section. The questions at the end of each section helped to assess the comprehension of the content. Results of the group data showed that there was significant interaction for acceptance and depersonalization (a measure of burnout) for participants who completed intervention. Large effect sizes for interaction were seen for measures of stress and burnout while medium effect size was seen for quality of life and mindfulness. The current findings partially support the hypothesis that engaging with self-help book on ACT could improve general well-being of support staff working in disability sector. Previous studies have used ACT in form of workshop for support staff, results again suggest that a self-help book along with minimal guidance from therapist can help improve staff well-being and reduce stress.

text: The use of a Self-Help book based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: To improve General Well-being and Reduce Stress among Support Workers in Disability Sector The randomized two group design (control and intervention group) study was used to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-help book based on ACT for support staff working in disability sector. 10 participants in the intervention group engaged with the book and did the exercises for a 7-week period while 12 participants waited. The researcher contacted the participants in the intervention group by telephone every week to discuss the respective section assigned for each week. 10 participants from the intervention group and 12 from the control group completed pre and post intervention measures for acceptance, mindfulness, quality of life, stress, thought suppression, values, general mental health and on thought control. Participants from the intervention group who read the book rated the usefulness of each section, answered if they were able to engage with the material and rated the difficulty level of the section. The questions at the end of each section helped to assess the comprehension of the content. Results of the group data showed that there was significant interaction for acceptance and depersonalization (a measure of burnout) for participants who completed intervention. Large effect sizes for interaction were seen for measures of stress and burnout while medium effect size was seen for quality of life and mindfulness. The current findings partially support the hypothesis that engaging with self-help book on ACT could improve general well-being of support staff working in disability sector. Previous studies have used ACT in form of workshop for support staff, results again suggest that a self-help book along with minimal guidance from therapist can help improve staff well-being and reduce stress.

year: 2011

title: He purapura whetū tō te whakataukī

authors: Tuahine, Hōhepa

subjects: Whakataukī

abstract: Ko te whakataukī he kōrero e whakaatu ana i ngā tini āhuatanga o te Māori me te āhua o tōna taiao (Milroy, 2004, wh. 38).  Hei tuinga ake, he kōrero e pupuri ana i ngā tohutohu e tau ai te noho o te tangata ki te whenua.  Ka rerekē te whakatakotoranga o te kupu o te whakataukī o nehe, ki te reo Māori o nāianei.  Ko ngā whakataukī o tāukiuki i titoa i te wā e ora tonu ana ngā whare wānanga o nehe me ōna tohunga.  Ka mutu, ko te reo me ōna kupu kei tērā taumata e rere ana.  Nō reira, he kōrero e whakaata ana i te ao Māori, ko ōna atua, ko ōna tikanga, ko ōna pakanga, ko ōna tātai whakapapa, ko ōna mātauranga, ko ōna tohutohu (Milroy, 2004, wh. 38).  Ka tākaitia ake aua mātauranga ki te kōrero poto noa iho, ka tuku iho ai ki ngā uri whakaheke.

text: He purapura whetū tō te whakataukī Ko te whakataukī he kōrero e whakaatu ana i ngā tini āhuatanga o te Māori me te āhua o tōna taiao (Milroy, 2004, wh. 38).  Hei tuinga ake, he kōrero e pupuri ana i ngā tohutohu e tau ai te noho o te tangata ki te whenua.  Ka rerekē te whakatakotoranga o te kupu o te whakataukī o nehe, ki te reo Māori o nāianei.  Ko ngā whakataukī o tāukiuki i titoa i te wā e ora tonu ana ngā whare wānanga o nehe me ōna tohunga.  Ka mutu, ko te reo me ōna kupu kei tērā taumata e rere ana.  Nō reira, he kōrero e whakaata ana i te ao Māori, ko ōna atua, ko ōna tikanga, ko ōna pakanga, ko ōna tātai whakapapa, ko ōna mātauranga, ko ōna tohutohu (Milroy, 2004, wh. 38).  Ka tākaitia ake aua mātauranga ki te kōrero poto noa iho, ka tuku iho ai ki ngā uri whakaheke.

year: 2016