title: Primary school teachers crossing boundaries: The experiences of transitioning between different class levels in primary schools from a teachers' perspective.

authors: Carlyon, Tracey

abstract: Teachers cross a number of boundaries during their teaching careers. In this study crossing boundaries refers specifically to teachers transitioning between different class levels in primary schools. The study focuses on the benefits and challenges teachers face from this boundary crossing and how the practice of transitioning between different class levels is implemented in primary schools. A key principle that underpins this study is the importance of teachers becoming critical reflective practitioners to improve their teaching. A case study approach grounded in an interpretive methodology has been used for this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers who have transitioned between different class levels. Three broad themes emerged as being central to teachers transitioning: benefits of transitioning between different class levels; the impact of school culture and leadership on teachers transitioning; and the role of mentors in teachers’ transitions. The major findings from the study indicate that transitioning between different class levels in primary schools is a critical component of teachers’ ongoing personal and professional growth, learning and development. Transitioning between different class levels highlights a kind of horizontal development which requires a shift away from the singular vertical notion that tends to dominate in teachers’ development. The study indicates that in order for teachers to become extended professionals who have a broad understanding of the learning needs of all students, schools should support and actively encourage teachers to transition between different class levels.

text: Primary school teachers crossing boundaries: The experiences of transitioning between different class levels in primary schools from a teachers' perspective. Teachers cross a number of boundaries during their teaching careers. In this study crossing boundaries refers specifically to teachers transitioning between different class levels in primary schools. The study focuses on the benefits and challenges teachers face from this boundary crossing and how the practice of transitioning between different class levels is implemented in primary schools. A key principle that underpins this study is the importance of teachers becoming critical reflective practitioners to improve their teaching. A case study approach grounded in an interpretive methodology has been used for this study. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers who have transitioned between different class levels. Three broad themes emerged as being central to teachers transitioning: benefits of transitioning between different class levels; the impact of school culture and leadership on teachers transitioning; and the role of mentors in teachers’ transitions. The major findings from the study indicate that transitioning between different class levels in primary schools is a critical component of teachers’ ongoing personal and professional growth, learning and development. Transitioning between different class levels highlights a kind of horizontal development which requires a shift away from the singular vertical notion that tends to dominate in teachers’ development. The study indicates that in order for teachers to become extended professionals who have a broad understanding of the learning needs of all students, schools should support and actively encourage teachers to transition between different class levels.

year: 2011

title: Economic Issues in the Fisheries Sector of Tonga

authors: Rohorua, Halahingano Tu'akolo Siufanga

subjects: Fisheries

abstract: There are certain characteristics of island economies that are considered hindrances to their development. For example, island economies often lack the economies of scale necessary for enhanced economic development and are too remotely located from the worlds major international financial and trading centres to fully exploit the marketing and trading opportunities that are available. However, for island economies in the South Pacific, the sea also offers great opportunities for sustained economic development. The relative abundance and accessibility of fisheries resources means that if these resources are properly managed and exploited, island economies have much potential for social and economic development. At the same time, the sea provides a significant means of basic livelihood for many rural communities in these Island countries. A major and enduring challenge is therefore to ensure that island economies in the South Pacific utilise their sea resources for social and economic development without jeopardising their communities basic livelihoods.

text: Economic Issues in the Fisheries Sector of Tonga There are certain characteristics of island economies that are considered hindrances to their development. For example, island economies often lack the economies of scale necessary for enhanced economic development and are too remotely located from the worlds major international financial and trading centres to fully exploit the marketing and trading opportunities that are available. However, for island economies in the South Pacific, the sea also offers great opportunities for sustained economic development. The relative abundance and accessibility of fisheries resources means that if these resources are properly managed and exploited, island economies have much potential for social and economic development. At the same time, the sea provides a significant means of basic livelihood for many rural communities in these Island countries. A major and enduring challenge is therefore to ensure that island economies in the South Pacific utilise their sea resources for social and economic development without jeopardising their communities basic livelihoods.

year: 2009

title: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet

authors: Apperley, Mark

subjects: computer science

abstract: Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

text: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

year: 2002