title: Prosocial rewards in competitive games

authors: Kennedy, Finn

subjects: graphic

abstract: The video game industry is large, and millions of individuals and groups play competitive games every month. However, through previous research which has shown competitive games to encourage antisocial behaviour in players, an antisocial stigma has been applied to competition in games, while cooperation in games has been shown to encourage prosocial behaviour.

This research aims to find links between competitive games and prosocial rewards and show that cooperation is not the only way that games can encourage prosocial rewards. Two competitive games are developed as part of practise-led research and self-evaluated to see whether prosocial rewards were attained by players through engagement with the games, and if so, how they were attained. The intent of this research is to show that prosocial behaviour has a relationship with prosocial rewards, and to suggest how future research can improve the understanding of this relationship.

text: Prosocial rewards in competitive games The video game industry is large, and millions of individuals and groups play competitive games every month. However, through previous research which has shown competitive games to encourage antisocial behaviour in players, an antisocial stigma has been applied to competition in games, while cooperation in games has been shown to encourage prosocial behaviour.

This research aims to find links between competitive games and prosocial rewards and show that cooperation is not the only way that games can encourage prosocial rewards. Two competitive games are developed as part of practise-led research and self-evaluated to see whether prosocial rewards were attained by players through engagement with the games, and if so, how they were attained. The intent of this research is to show that prosocial behaviour has a relationship with prosocial rewards, and to suggest how future research can improve the understanding of this relationship.

year: 2017

title: Reactive Strength as a Metric for Informing Return-to-Sport Decisions: A Case-Control Study

authors: Teichmann, Jorg

subjects: science & technology

abstract: Objective: Current return-to-sport decisions are primarily based on elapsed time since surgery or injury and strength measures. Given data that show rates of successful return to competitive sport at around 55%, there is strong rationale for adopting tools that will better inform return-to-sport decisions. The authors’ objective was to assess reactive strength as a metric for informing return-to-sport decisions. 
Design: Case-control design. 
Methods: Fifteen elite athletes from national sports teams (23 [6.0] y) in the final phase of their return-to-sport protocol following a unilateral knee injury and 16 age-matched control athletes (22 [4.6] y) performed a unilateral isometric strength test and 24-cm drop jump test. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine differences between legs within groups and differences in interleg asymmetry between groups. 
Results: Strength measures did not distinguish the control from the rehabilitation group; however, clear differences in the degree of asymmetry were apparent between the control and rehabilitation groups for contact time (Cohen d = 0.56; −0.14 to 1.27; 8.2%; P = .113), flight time (d = 1.10; 0.44 to 1.76; 16.0%; P = .002), and reactive strength index (d = 1.27; 0.50 to 2.04; 22.4%; P = .002). 
Conclusion: Reactive strength data provide insight into functional deficits that persist into the final phase of a return-to-sport protocol. The authors’ findings support the use of dynamic assessment tools to inform return-to-sport decisions to limit potential for injury.

text: Reactive Strength as a Metric for Informing Return-to-Sport Decisions: A Case-Control Study Objective: Current return-to-sport decisions are primarily based on elapsed time since surgery or injury and strength measures. Given data that show rates of successful return to competitive sport at around 55%, there is strong rationale for adopting tools that will better inform return-to-sport decisions. The authors’ objective was to assess reactive strength as a metric for informing return-to-sport decisions. 
Design: Case-control design. 
Methods: Fifteen elite athletes from national sports teams (23 [6.0] y) in the final phase of their return-to-sport protocol following a unilateral knee injury and 16 age-matched control athletes (22 [4.6] y) performed a unilateral isometric strength test and 24-cm drop jump test. Pairwise comparisons were used to determine differences between legs within groups and differences in interleg asymmetry between groups. 
Results: Strength measures did not distinguish the control from the rehabilitation group; however, clear differences in the degree of asymmetry were apparent between the control and rehabilitation groups for contact time (Cohen d = 0.56; −0.14 to 1.27; 8.2%; P = .113), flight time (d = 1.10; 0.44 to 1.76; 16.0%; P = .002), and reactive strength index (d = 1.27; 0.50 to 2.04; 22.4%; P = .002). 
Conclusion: Reactive strength data provide insight into functional deficits that persist into the final phase of a return-to-sport protocol. The authors’ findings support the use of dynamic assessment tools to inform return-to-sport decisions to limit potential for injury.

year: 2022-01-01

title: Maori & Psychology Research Unit annual report 2005

authors: Rua, Mohi

subjects: Maori and Psychology Research Unit

abstract: Annual report of the Maori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) 2005. The unit was established in August of 1997. The unit is designed to provide a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Maori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University, and the wider community.

text: Maori & Psychology Research Unit annual report 2005 Annual report of the Maori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) 2005. The unit was established in August of 1997. The unit is designed to provide a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Maori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University, and the wider community.

year: 2005