title: The influences of sonic sensory awareness through the production and consumption of screened nature documentaries

authors: Delmotte, Isabelle A.

abstract: Multiple commercial and technological factors influence the soundscapes experienced by audiences of nature documentaries. As a genre, nature documentary is a consensual term for fauna and wildlife screened programmes whose storylines need very specific audio and visual data content. Often what audiences hear in these documentaries echoes what they see. However, this illusion of perceptual unity between sight and sound can be exposed by examining the asynchronous production of moving images and sounds. The paper provides a discussion of the ways in which the commercial production practices of nature documentaries reveal aspects of sonic environments in relation to human modes of perception. As well, it examines the production constraints generated by technologies that enhance sonic perception and alter engagements of sound-makers and audiences. This account examines the phenomenological practices of listening to sonic nature and the audiovisual assemblage integral to screened representations of nature. Audience experiences of nature documentaries highlight the perception of a hyper-real environment that might ultimately obscure the sonic landscapes found in nature.

text: The influences of sonic sensory awareness through the production and consumption of screened nature documentaries Multiple commercial and technological factors influence the soundscapes experienced by audiences of nature documentaries. As a genre, nature documentary is a consensual term for fauna and wildlife screened programmes whose storylines need very specific audio and visual data content. Often what audiences hear in these documentaries echoes what they see. However, this illusion of perceptual unity between sight and sound can be exposed by examining the asynchronous production of moving images and sounds. The paper provides a discussion of the ways in which the commercial production practices of nature documentaries reveal aspects of sonic environments in relation to human modes of perception. As well, it examines the production constraints generated by technologies that enhance sonic perception and alter engagements of sound-makers and audiences. This account examines the phenomenological practices of listening to sonic nature and the audiovisual assemblage integral to screened representations of nature. Audience experiences of nature documentaries highlight the perception of a hyper-real environment that might ultimately obscure the sonic landscapes found in nature.

year: 2017

title: Diverse hypolithic refuge communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys

authors: Cowan, Don A.

subjects: Antarctic

abstract: Hyper-arid deserts present extreme challenges to life. The environmental buffering provided by quartz and other translucent rocks allows hypolithic microbial communities to develop on sub-soil surfaces of such rocks. These refuge communities have been reported, for many locations worldwide, to be predominantly cyanobacterial in nature. Here we report the discovery in Antarctica’s hyper-arid McMurdo Dry Valleys of three clearly distinguishable types of hypolithic community. Based on gross colonization morphology and identification of dominant taxa, we have classified hypolithic communities as Type I (cyanobacterial dominated), Type II (fungal dominated) and Type III (moss dominated). This discovery supports a growing awareness of the high biocomplexity in Antarctic deserts, emphasizes the possible importance of cryptic microbial communities in nutrient cycling and provides evidence for possible successional community processes within a cold arid landscape.

text: Diverse hypolithic refuge communities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys Hyper-arid deserts present extreme challenges to life. The environmental buffering provided by quartz and other translucent rocks allows hypolithic microbial communities to develop on sub-soil surfaces of such rocks. These refuge communities have been reported, for many locations worldwide, to be predominantly cyanobacterial in nature. Here we report the discovery in Antarctica’s hyper-arid McMurdo Dry Valleys of three clearly distinguishable types of hypolithic community. Based on gross colonization morphology and identification of dominant taxa, we have classified hypolithic communities as Type I (cyanobacterial dominated), Type II (fungal dominated) and Type III (moss dominated). This discovery supports a growing awareness of the high biocomplexity in Antarctic deserts, emphasizes the possible importance of cryptic microbial communities in nutrient cycling and provides evidence for possible successional community processes within a cold arid landscape.

year: 2010

title: Hāwatewate

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

subjects: Whakaeke

abstract: He whakamārama mō te whakaeke apakura
He whakaeke apakura tēnei hai whakamaumaharatanga ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau tau mai i te murunga whenua o Te Whakatōhea. Ka tangihia te tāwharonanga harakoretanga o Mokomoko tipuna o Te Whakatōhea. I whakapaetekatia e Te Karauna nāna i kōhuru te mihinare a Te Wākana i te 2 o Poutūterangi i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā rima (1865). Ahakoa nā Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi i patu a Te Wākana. I haramai a Te Kereopa i raro i te Paimārire (Hauhau) ki Ōpōtiki. Ko tā Te Paimārire kaupapa i tae atu ai ko te kauhau i te whakapono hou a Te Ua Haumēne. Ko ngā āpōtoro i tukuna atu e Te Ua Haumēne ko Pātara Rakataura me Te Kereopa, hoi anō ko te kauhau i te rongopai tā Te Ua Haumēne i whakahau ai. Hoi anō he take tā Te Kereopa, tā te mea i kōhurutia tana wahine me āna tamāhine tokorua ki te whare karakia i Rangiaowhia ki roto o Tainui. Nara i pau a Ngāti Apakura ki te mate, ā i patua anō tana tamāhine hoki ki te pakanga i Hairini. Koiarā tā Kereopa he rānaki i te mate o tana whānau i pau i te ahi nukarau a te Karauna. Nā tēnei patunga i a Te Wākana i riro ai te 250,000 eka o Te Whakatōhea. I tēnei rā tonu o Te Matatini i tēnei tau 2015 kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau (150) tau o te parekuranui o Te Whakatōhea mō te patunga i te tangata kotahi nā tētahi atu. Ko te kōhuru i a Te Whakatōhea me āna tamariki, āna mokopuna, ko te tāwharona i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine, ko te ekeeke kino te rarahu i ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki kōtiro, tāne hoki. Mutu ana te rarahu ko te kōhuru i a rātou ki te pū, ki te mata o te pēneti ko te tahu rānei. Ko te urupatu anō tērā ko te tahu i ngā pā, i ngā whare tīpuna, i ngā māra, i ngā mira mahi paura, i ngā kaipuke tauhokohoko ki Tāmaki, ki Poihākena, ki Ingarangi. Ko te parekura nui tēnei o Te Whakatōhea, ko te kōhuru i tō mātou katoa, tō mātou ao, tō mātou wairua, tō mātou hinengaro, tō mātou tinana o Te Whakatōhea mō te mate kotahi a te tangata kotahi. Ahakoa he mihingare, he pūrahorua hoki he kawe o kōrero nōna ki a Kāwana Kerei mō ngā nekeneke a Te Whakatōhea ki te tautoko i a Kīngi Tāwhiao me ngā pakanga whenua i Rangiriri, i Ōrakau i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā whā (1864).

text: Hāwatewate He whakamārama mō te whakaeke apakura
He whakaeke apakura tēnei hai whakamaumaharatanga ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau tau mai i te murunga whenua o Te Whakatōhea. Ka tangihia te tāwharonanga harakoretanga o Mokomoko tipuna o Te Whakatōhea. I whakapaetekatia e Te Karauna nāna i kōhuru te mihinare a Te Wākana i te 2 o Poutūterangi i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā rima (1865). Ahakoa nā Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi i patu a Te Wākana. I haramai a Te Kereopa i raro i te Paimārire (Hauhau) ki Ōpōtiki. Ko tā Te Paimārire kaupapa i tae atu ai ko te kauhau i te whakapono hou a Te Ua Haumēne. Ko ngā āpōtoro i tukuna atu e Te Ua Haumēne ko Pātara Rakataura me Te Kereopa, hoi anō ko te kauhau i te rongopai tā Te Ua Haumēne i whakahau ai. Hoi anō he take tā Te Kereopa, tā te mea i kōhurutia tana wahine me āna tamāhine tokorua ki te whare karakia i Rangiaowhia ki roto o Tainui. Nara i pau a Ngāti Apakura ki te mate, ā i patua anō tana tamāhine hoki ki te pakanga i Hairini. Koiarā tā Kereopa he rānaki i te mate o tana whānau i pau i te ahi nukarau a te Karauna. Nā tēnei patunga i a Te Wākana i riro ai te 250,000 eka o Te Whakatōhea. I tēnei rā tonu o Te Matatini i tēnei tau 2015 kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau (150) tau o te parekuranui o Te Whakatōhea mō te patunga i te tangata kotahi nā tētahi atu. Ko te kōhuru i a Te Whakatōhea me āna tamariki, āna mokopuna, ko te tāwharona i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine, ko te ekeeke kino te rarahu i ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki kōtiro, tāne hoki. Mutu ana te rarahu ko te kōhuru i a rātou ki te pū, ki te mata o te pēneti ko te tahu rānei. Ko te urupatu anō tērā ko te tahu i ngā pā, i ngā whare tīpuna, i ngā māra, i ngā mira mahi paura, i ngā kaipuke tauhokohoko ki Tāmaki, ki Poihākena, ki Ingarangi. Ko te parekura nui tēnei o Te Whakatōhea, ko te kōhuru i tō mātou katoa, tō mātou ao, tō mātou wairua, tō mātou hinengaro, tō mātou tinana o Te Whakatōhea mō te mate kotahi a te tangata kotahi. Ahakoa he mihingare, he pūrahorua hoki he kawe o kōrero nōna ki a Kāwana Kerei mō ngā nekeneke a Te Whakatōhea ki te tautoko i a Kīngi Tāwhiao me ngā pakanga whenua i Rangiriri, i Ōrakau i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā whā (1864).

year: 2017