title: UI-driven test-first development of interactive systems

authors: Bowen, Judy

subjects: interactive system design

abstract: Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development approach, which has grown out of the Extreme Programming and Agile movements, whereby tests are written prior to the implementation code which is then developed and refactored so that it passes the tests. Test-first development (TFD) takes a similar approach, but rather than relying on the testers to infer the correct tests from the requirements (often expressed via use cases) they use models of the requirements as the basis for the tests (and as such have a more formal approach). One of the problems with both TDD and TFD is that is has proven hard to adapt it for interactive systems as it is not always clear how to develop tests to also support user interfaces (UIs). In this paper we propose a method which uses both formal models of informal UI design artefacts and formal specifications to derive abstract tests which then form the basis of a test-first development process.

text: UI-driven test-first development of interactive systems Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development approach, which has grown out of the Extreme Programming and Agile movements, whereby tests are written prior to the implementation code which is then developed and refactored so that it passes the tests. Test-first development (TFD) takes a similar approach, but rather than relying on the testers to infer the correct tests from the requirements (often expressed via use cases) they use models of the requirements as the basis for the tests (and as such have a more formal approach). One of the problems with both TDD and TFD is that is has proven hard to adapt it for interactive systems as it is not always clear how to develop tests to also support user interfaces (UIs). In this paper we propose a method which uses both formal models of informal UI design artefacts and formal specifications to derive abstract tests which then form the basis of a test-first development process.

year: 2011

title: Watching news : a study of television news reception

authors: Bosomworth, John Forbes

abstract: This doctoral thesis is an investigation of the relationship that exists between viewers and television news. As an inherently reflexive thesis, the research process itself is also critically examined. This duality is reflected in the basic structure of the thesis, with Part One - Praxis - focusing on various aspects of the research process itself, and Part Two - Analysis - dealing with the nature of the viewer-news relationship. Adopting a discourse-oriented approach, the analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with eleven individual viewers. Originally conceived as an exercise in elicitation, the introduction of feminist research perspective’s in conjunction with a growing sense of reflexivity led to a transformation whereby the interviews were reconfigured instead as sites of meaning construction. As discourses of reception, the interviews showed the news-viewer relationship to be characterised by a dynamic tension between being pulled into the encounter and pushed away from it. A bi-dimensional framework of analysis is employed, with one dimension focusing on the relational aspect of the viewer-news relationship and the other on the interpretive aspect. Using this framework, the discourses of reception are then contextually (i.e. as specific case studies in reception) and thematically analysed. The thesis concludes by suggesting that reception, as a specific example of cultural consumption, can be seen as a form of guerrilla warfare where the strategies of news producers are confronted by the tactics of viewers.

text: Watching news : a study of television news reception This doctoral thesis is an investigation of the relationship that exists between viewers and television news. As an inherently reflexive thesis, the research process itself is also critically examined. This duality is reflected in the basic structure of the thesis, with Part One - Praxis - focusing on various aspects of the research process itself, and Part Two - Analysis - dealing with the nature of the viewer-news relationship. Adopting a discourse-oriented approach, the analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with eleven individual viewers. Originally conceived as an exercise in elicitation, the introduction of feminist research perspective’s in conjunction with a growing sense of reflexivity led to a transformation whereby the interviews were reconfigured instead as sites of meaning construction. As discourses of reception, the interviews showed the news-viewer relationship to be characterised by a dynamic tension between being pulled into the encounter and pushed away from it. A bi-dimensional framework of analysis is employed, with one dimension focusing on the relational aspect of the viewer-news relationship and the other on the interpretive aspect. Using this framework, the discourses of reception are then contextually (i.e. as specific case studies in reception) and thematically analysed. The thesis concludes by suggesting that reception, as a specific example of cultural consumption, can be seen as a form of guerrilla warfare where the strategies of news producers are confronted by the tactics of viewers.

year: 2000

title: Tīaho mai

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Waiata ā Ringa (action song). Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group)

text: Tīaho mai Waiata ā Ringa (action song). Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group)

year: 2024