title: The third-order law for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with constant shear

authors: Wan, Minping

subjects: magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence

abstract: The scaling laws of mixed third‐order structure functions for isotropic, homogeneous, and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence have been recently applied in solar wind studies, even though there is recognition that isotropy is not well satisfied. Other studies have taken account of the anisotropy induced by a constant mean magnetic field. However, large‐scale shear can also cause departures from isotropy. Here we examine shear effects in the simplest case, and derive the third‐order laws for MHD turbulence with constant shear, where homogeneity is still assumed. This generalized scaling law has been checked by data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of two‐dimensional (2D) MHD and is found to hold across the inertial range. These results suggest that third‐order structure function analysis and interpretation in the solar wind should be undertaken with some caution, since, when present, shear can change the meaning of the third‐order relations.

text: The third-order law for magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with constant shear The scaling laws of mixed third‐order structure functions for isotropic, homogeneous, and incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence have been recently applied in solar wind studies, even though there is recognition that isotropy is not well satisfied. Other studies have taken account of the anisotropy induced by a constant mean magnetic field. However, large‐scale shear can also cause departures from isotropy. Here we examine shear effects in the simplest case, and derive the third‐order laws for MHD turbulence with constant shear, where homogeneity is still assumed. This generalized scaling law has been checked by data from direct numerical simulations (DNS) of two‐dimensional (2D) MHD and is found to hold across the inertial range. These results suggest that third‐order structure function analysis and interpretation in the solar wind should be undertaken with some caution, since, when present, shear can change the meaning of the third‐order relations.

year: 2010

title: Gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes containing cycloaurated 2-arylpyridine, 2-anilinopyridine and 2-benzylpyridine ligands

authors: Henderson, William

subjects: Gold

abstract: Reactions of the gold(III) dichloride complexes [(N_C)AuCl₂] ((N_C)=cycloaurated 2-phenylpyridine, 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine, 2-anilinopyridine or 2-benzylpyridine) with thiosalicylic acid (2-mercaptobenzoic acid, HSC₆H₄CO₂H) and base gives a series of gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes [(N_C)Au(SC₆H₄CO₂)]. A crystal structure determination on the 2-p-tolylpyridine derivative is reported, confirming the presence of a chelating thiosalicylate ligand, with the tolyl and thiolate groups mutually cis, together with a highly puckered gold–thiosalicylate moiety, and a twisted carboxylate group. The activity of the thiosalicylate complexes against P388 leukaemia cells has been determined.

text: Gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes containing cycloaurated 2-arylpyridine, 2-anilinopyridine and 2-benzylpyridine ligands Reactions of the gold(III) dichloride complexes [(N_C)AuCl₂] ((N_C)=cycloaurated 2-phenylpyridine, 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine, 2-anilinopyridine or 2-benzylpyridine) with thiosalicylic acid (2-mercaptobenzoic acid, HSC₆H₄CO₂H) and base gives a series of gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes [(N_C)Au(SC₆H₄CO₂)]. A crystal structure determination on the 2-p-tolylpyridine derivative is reported, confirming the presence of a chelating thiosalicylate ligand, with the tolyl and thiolate groups mutually cis, together with a highly puckered gold–thiosalicylate moiety, and a twisted carboxylate group. The activity of the thiosalicylate complexes against P388 leukaemia cells has been determined.

year: 2001-08-01

title: Microsoft Translator Hub for Māori language

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: computer science

abstract: Recent improvements in Machine Translation (MT) software has opened new possibilities for applications of automatic language translation. But can these opportunities exist for the smaller, minority languages of the world? Training data was collected for the language pair of Māori and English which was used to build an MT system using Microsoft’s Translator Hub software. A comparative analysis was undertaken with this system and Google Translate. Various MT metrics and analysis software was considered before deciding to use the Asiya toolkit to undertake the comparative analysis. Māori language experts were also used to provide a human perspective on the output translations. The overall results showed no significant difference in the translation quality produced by the two systems. Despite some misgivings around the accuracy of the translations these results do show promise for MT usage by minority languages.

text: Microsoft Translator Hub for Māori language Recent improvements in Machine Translation (MT) software has opened new possibilities for applications of automatic language translation. But can these opportunities exist for the smaller, minority languages of the world? Training data was collected for the language pair of Māori and English which was used to build an MT system using Microsoft’s Translator Hub software. A comparative analysis was undertaken with this system and Google Translate. Various MT metrics and analysis software was considered before deciding to use the Asiya toolkit to undertake the comparative analysis. Māori language experts were also used to provide a human perspective on the output translations. The overall results showed no significant difference in the translation quality produced by the two systems. Despite some misgivings around the accuracy of the translations these results do show promise for MT usage by minority languages.

year: 2018