title: Quaternary tephra marker beds and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on Chatham Island, east of New Zealand, southwest Pacific Ocean

authors: Holt, Katherine A.

subjects: Kawakawa tephra

abstract: Tephras provide one of the most reliable methods of time control and synchronisation within Quaternary sequences. We report on the identification of two widespread rhyolitic tephras - the Kawakawa and Rangitawa tephras - preserved in extensive peat deposits on Chatham Island  900 km east of New Zealand. The tephras, both products of supereruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, occur as pale, fine-ash dominated layers typically 10-150 mm thick. Mineralogically they are dominated by rhyolitic glass, together with subordinate amounts of quartz, feldspar, hypersthene, hornblende, Fe-Ti oxides and zircon. Phlogopite/biotite was identified additionally in Rangitawa Tephra. Ages for each tephra were obtained via mineralogical and major element glass composition-based correlation with well-dated equivalent deposits on mainland New Zealand, and we also obtained a new zircon fission-track age for Rangitawa Tephra (350 ± 50 ka) on Chatham Island. Both tephras were erupted at critical times for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the New Zealand region: the Kawakawa at ca. 27 cal. ka, near the beginning of the  extended  LGM early in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2; and the Rangitawa at ca. 350 ka near the end of MIS 10. The time constraints provided by the tephras demonstrate that Chatham Island peats contain long-distance pollen derived from mainland New Zealand, which provides a reliable proxy for identifying glacial-interglacial climate conditions, in this case during the MIS 11-10 and MIS 2-1 cycles. The two tephras thus provide important chronostratigraphic tie-points that facilitate correlation and synchronisation not only across the Quaternary deposits of the Chatham Islands group but also with climatically significant terrestrial and marine records in the wider New Zealand region.

text: Quaternary tephra marker beds and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on Chatham Island, east of New Zealand, southwest Pacific Ocean Tephras provide one of the most reliable methods of time control and synchronisation within Quaternary sequences. We report on the identification of two widespread rhyolitic tephras - the Kawakawa and Rangitawa tephras - preserved in extensive peat deposits on Chatham Island  900 km east of New Zealand. The tephras, both products of supereruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, occur as pale, fine-ash dominated layers typically 10-150 mm thick. Mineralogically they are dominated by rhyolitic glass, together with subordinate amounts of quartz, feldspar, hypersthene, hornblende, Fe-Ti oxides and zircon. Phlogopite/biotite was identified additionally in Rangitawa Tephra. Ages for each tephra were obtained via mineralogical and major element glass composition-based correlation with well-dated equivalent deposits on mainland New Zealand, and we also obtained a new zircon fission-track age for Rangitawa Tephra (350 ± 50 ka) on Chatham Island. Both tephras were erupted at critical times for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the New Zealand region: the Kawakawa at ca. 27 cal. ka, near the beginning of the  extended  LGM early in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2; and the Rangitawa at ca. 350 ka near the end of MIS 10. The time constraints provided by the tephras demonstrate that Chatham Island peats contain long-distance pollen derived from mainland New Zealand, which provides a reliable proxy for identifying glacial-interglacial climate conditions, in this case during the MIS 11-10 and MIS 2-1 cycles. The two tephras thus provide important chronostratigraphic tie-points that facilitate correlation and synchronisation not only across the Quaternary deposits of the Chatham Islands group but also with climatically significant terrestrial and marine records in the wider New Zealand region.

year: 2010

title: Using quality of life to evaluate outcomes and measure effectiveness

authors: Kober, Ralph

subjects: employment

abstract: Evaluating the outcomes achieved by service providers who assist people with intellectual disabilities is extremely important in terms of ascertaining whether service providers achieve their goals. Furthermore, knowledge of the outcomes achieved by service providers better equips those charged with managing them to make strategic decisions to fulfill their accountability obligations for the best use of limited resources. The authors provide support for the emerging view that quality of life is an outcome measure that can be utilized to assess service providers' performance. To do this they modified a performance measurement framework to illustrate how quality of life can be incorporated in a comprehensive analysis of the outcomes achieved by various stakeholders of the service provider. They then used three examples drawn from the literature (relating to employment services, the U.S. state of Nebraska, and family quality of life), to highlight how this framework could be applied. Ideas are also presented on other areas where a comprehensive stakeholder analysis, incorporating quality of life measures, could form part of a service provider's performance evaluation. The authors review some issues that should be considered in relation to the implementation of a comprehensive performance measurement system that incorporates quality of life as one of the outcome measures.

text: Using quality of life to evaluate outcomes and measure effectiveness Evaluating the outcomes achieved by service providers who assist people with intellectual disabilities is extremely important in terms of ascertaining whether service providers achieve their goals. Furthermore, knowledge of the outcomes achieved by service providers better equips those charged with managing them to make strategic decisions to fulfill their accountability obligations for the best use of limited resources. The authors provide support for the emerging view that quality of life is an outcome measure that can be utilized to assess service providers' performance. To do this they modified a performance measurement framework to illustrate how quality of life can be incorporated in a comprehensive analysis of the outcomes achieved by various stakeholders of the service provider. They then used three examples drawn from the literature (relating to employment services, the U.S. state of Nebraska, and family quality of life), to highlight how this framework could be applied. Ideas are also presented on other areas where a comprehensive stakeholder analysis, incorporating quality of life measures, could form part of a service provider's performance evaluation. The authors review some issues that should be considered in relation to the implementation of a comprehensive performance measurement system that incorporates quality of life as one of the outcome measures.

year: 2009

title: Ati Ue: Te Aitanga a Tuoro

authors: James, Steven (Tipene) Robert

subjects: Ngati Whakaue

abstract: This thesis is based on the manuscripts of my tupuna Tuoro Akapita Pango that are held in a treasured whānau box. The manuscripts contain history and kōrero of Te Arawa written by multiple generations of the whānau Pango. Within this thesis I explore the value of inter-generational knowledge through considering what lies within these whānau manuscripts and taking the opportunity to discover more history about Ngāti Whakaue through a whānau lens. Researching these manuscripts enables reconnection of the past and the present; the reconnection between forgotten knowledge and whānau. 
Specifically, this thesis proposes a Ngāti Whakaue approach to engaging historical materials and research. It centres the voices of the people, such as the many family members involved within the process, as well as the box of writings and the many gems that hide within. Also, it asks what the manuscripts mean for the current descendants involved in the research. 
The research has been a means of reconnecting with the past to give relevance and context to the present. The objective is demonstrating the value of iwi-specific research methods so that whānau feel encouraged to embark on their own journey.

text: Ati Ue: Te Aitanga a Tuoro This thesis is based on the manuscripts of my tupuna Tuoro Akapita Pango that are held in a treasured whānau box. The manuscripts contain history and kōrero of Te Arawa written by multiple generations of the whānau Pango. Within this thesis I explore the value of inter-generational knowledge through considering what lies within these whānau manuscripts and taking the opportunity to discover more history about Ngāti Whakaue through a whānau lens. Researching these manuscripts enables reconnection of the past and the present; the reconnection between forgotten knowledge and whānau. 
Specifically, this thesis proposes a Ngāti Whakaue approach to engaging historical materials and research. It centres the voices of the people, such as the many family members involved within the process, as well as the box of writings and the many gems that hide within. Also, it asks what the manuscripts mean for the current descendants involved in the research. 
The research has been a means of reconnecting with the past to give relevance and context to the present. The objective is demonstrating the value of iwi-specific research methods so that whānau feel encouraged to embark on their own journey.

year: 2021