title: The wellbeing and health needs of a cohort of transgender young people accessing specialist medical gender-affirming healthcare in Auckland

authors: Oliphant, Jeannie

subjects: Adolescent

abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of young people are seeking gender-affirming healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand, and although international studies report health and wellbeing benefits of early medical intervention, we have no published reports on the impact of health services in this country. 
METHODS: Transgender young people accessing a specialist service providing medical gender-affirming healthcare were invited to take part in a survey about their health and wellbeing.
RESULTS: High or very high psychological distress levels were reported by 74% of respondents, with 39% being unable to access mental health support when needed. 
DISCUSSION: Although the proportion of transgender young people with high or very high levels of psychological distress was five times greater (74%) than for the general population of young people (14.5%) in Aotearoa New Zealand, it was not as large as the proportion found for transgender young people in a community study (86%) in which an unmet need for hormones was reported by 29%. This highlights the need for clear referral pathways to access specialist gender-affirming healthcare services in order to reduce disparities in mental health outcomes.

text: The wellbeing and health needs of a cohort of transgender young people accessing specialist medical gender-affirming healthcare in Auckland INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of young people are seeking gender-affirming healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand, and although international studies report health and wellbeing benefits of early medical intervention, we have no published reports on the impact of health services in this country. 
METHODS: Transgender young people accessing a specialist service providing medical gender-affirming healthcare were invited to take part in a survey about their health and wellbeing.
RESULTS: High or very high psychological distress levels were reported by 74% of respondents, with 39% being unable to access mental health support when needed. 
DISCUSSION: Although the proportion of transgender young people with high or very high levels of psychological distress was five times greater (74%) than for the general population of young people (14.5%) in Aotearoa New Zealand, it was not as large as the proportion found for transgender young people in a community study (86%) in which an unmet need for hormones was reported by 29%. This highlights the need for clear referral pathways to access specialist gender-affirming healthcare services in order to reduce disparities in mental health outcomes.

year: 2021-09-03

title: Comparative ecophysiology of three Placopsis species, pioneer lichens in recently exposed Chilean glacial forelands

authors: Raggio, José

subjects: nitrogen fixation

abstract: Lichen species belonging to the genus Placopsis are early colonisers on snow free moraines of exposed land surfaces in the subantarctic region of Tierra de Fuego, South Chile. The physiological performance of three co-occurring species, P. pycnotheca, (terricolous), and P. perrugosa, and P. stenophylla (both saxicolous) was studied. All, possess green algal photobionts but have cyanobacteria in cephalodia. It was found that there was (i) a strong positive correlation between the acetylene reduction rate (AR) and the maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), between the N content and the AR rate, and between the N and P contents, and (ii) the relationship between the CO2-exchange rates and the responses obtained in the laboratory reflected the ecology of these three lichens in the field. The results provide new information about the dynamics of some of the fastest growing crustose lichens. We hypothesize that the performance of these three species may have developed as a response to growing in an unstable environment that resulted from frequent glacial fluctuations.

text: Comparative ecophysiology of three Placopsis species, pioneer lichens in recently exposed Chilean glacial forelands Lichen species belonging to the genus Placopsis are early colonisers on snow free moraines of exposed land surfaces in the subantarctic region of Tierra de Fuego, South Chile. The physiological performance of three co-occurring species, P. pycnotheca, (terricolous), and P. perrugosa, and P. stenophylla (both saxicolous) was studied. All, possess green algal photobionts but have cyanobacteria in cephalodia. It was found that there was (i) a strong positive correlation between the acetylene reduction rate (AR) and the maximum photosynthetic rate (Amax), between the N content and the AR rate, and between the N and P contents, and (ii) the relationship between the CO2-exchange rates and the responses obtained in the laboratory reflected the ecology of these three lichens in the field. The results provide new information about the dynamics of some of the fastest growing crustose lichens. We hypothesize that the performance of these three species may have developed as a response to growing in an unstable environment that resulted from frequent glacial fluctuations.

year: 2012

title: Inspiring national indigenous legal education for Aotearoa New Zealand's Bachelor of Laws Degree: Phase One

authors: Ruru, Jacinta

subjects: tikanga Maori, LLB law degree, legal education in New Zealand, bilculturalism, bilinguaiism, bijuralism

abstract: This Issues Paper is the result of the first stage of a multi-year, three-phase national project. In it we review the literature and consider some of the preliminary opportunities relevant for the teaching
of Māori law as a foundation source of the Aotearoa New Zealand Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree for the benefit of the legal profession and Aotearoa New Zealand society. We present ten key messages
as integral to this Issues Paper.

text: Inspiring national indigenous legal education for Aotearoa New Zealand's Bachelor of Laws Degree: Phase One This Issues Paper is the result of the first stage of a multi-year, three-phase national project. In it we review the literature and consider some of the preliminary opportunities relevant for the teaching
of Māori law as a foundation source of the Aotearoa New Zealand Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree for the benefit of the legal profession and Aotearoa New Zealand society. We present ten key messages
as integral to this Issues Paper.

year: 2020-09-01