title: Where have all the flowers gone?: The wilting of university adult and community education in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Findsen, Brian

abstract: In the 1996 special issue of ACCESS a number of articles were commissioned to "provide a snapshot of the diverse field of Adult and Community Education (ACE) in this country" (Benseman and Findsen, 1996: i). within this publication, I wrote a critique of University-based Adult and Continuing Education, emphasising then current trends and issues, based on my work experience at both Auckland and Waikato universities in respective centres for continuing education (Findsen, 1996). Five years later, I constructed a more analytical critique on what had occurred at the University of Auckland's Centre for Continuing Education (CCE) subsequent to a review. The overall tone for that review was largely pessimistic, based on seemingly continual restructurings of the CCE by senior management, rendering the unit increasingly powerless in a more entrepreneurial and managerial environment (Findsen, 2001).

text: Where have all the flowers gone?: The wilting of university adult and community education in Aotearoa New Zealand In the 1996 special issue of ACCESS a number of articles were commissioned to "provide a snapshot of the diverse field of Adult and Community Education (ACE) in this country" (Benseman and Findsen, 1996: i). within this publication, I wrote a critique of University-based Adult and Continuing Education, emphasising then current trends and issues, based on my work experience at both Auckland and Waikato universities in respective centres for continuing education (Findsen, 1996). Five years later, I constructed a more analytical critique on what had occurred at the University of Auckland's Centre for Continuing Education (CCE) subsequent to a review. The overall tone for that review was largely pessimistic, based on seemingly continual restructurings of the CCE by senior management, rendering the unit increasingly powerless in a more entrepreneurial and managerial environment (Findsen, 2001).

year: 2012

title: Perceptual outcomes as reinforcers

authors: Sumpter, Catherine E.

subjects: psychology

abstract: The paucity of basic behavioral research with humans was highlighted almost 40 years ago (Findley, 1966). A recent search of the basic behavioral research journals by the present authors indicated that this situation remains, with only approximately 15% of the research using human participants. It may seem surprising that so few studies use human participants given the apparent practical advantages of doing so. Human participants are readily available, extensively pre-trained, can use a range of complex apparatus and require no feeding or housing. In reality, however, the use of human participants involves a number of practical difficulties: humans generally will not agree to participate in research involving a large number of sessions or sessions lasting more than two to three hours; it is difficult to gain within-session compliance as a result of the often repetitive and simplistic nature of the tasks; and it is often unclear whether the experimental results are a product of the experimentally-arranged contingencies or the instructions given to the participants. Another difficulty, that which is addressed here, lies in the identification of a suitable experimental outcome that will serve as a reinforcer.

text: Perceptual outcomes as reinforcers The paucity of basic behavioral research with humans was highlighted almost 40 years ago (Findley, 1966). A recent search of the basic behavioral research journals by the present authors indicated that this situation remains, with only approximately 15% of the research using human participants. It may seem surprising that so few studies use human participants given the apparent practical advantages of doing so. Human participants are readily available, extensively pre-trained, can use a range of complex apparatus and require no feeding or housing. In reality, however, the use of human participants involves a number of practical difficulties: humans generally will not agree to participate in research involving a large number of sessions or sessions lasting more than two to three hours; it is difficult to gain within-session compliance as a result of the often repetitive and simplistic nature of the tasks; and it is often unclear whether the experimental results are a product of the experimentally-arranged contingencies or the instructions given to the participants. Another difficulty, that which is addressed here, lies in the identification of a suitable experimental outcome that will serve as a reinforcer.

year: 2003

title: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of resource use consent submissions made by iwi to Environment Waikato.

authors: Whangapirita, Laura

subjects: Maori

abstract: As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we reviewed and summarised iwi consent submissions made on various resource use consent applications. This report refers to values and beliefs sourced from iwi submissions held by Environment Waikato and are presented within a Maori values framework to highlight environmental perspectives of tangata whenua in the Waikato region.

text: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of resource use consent submissions made by iwi to Environment Waikato. As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we reviewed and summarised iwi consent submissions made on various resource use consent applications. This report refers to values and beliefs sourced from iwi submissions held by Environment Waikato and are presented within a Maori values framework to highlight environmental perspectives of tangata whenua in the Waikato region.

year: 2003-11