title: Using a categorisation structure to understand interaction in children’s books

authors: Timpany, Claire

subjects: books

abstract: Children’s books can vary greatly in the type of and depth of interaction that is required from the reader. The types of interaction demanded by different types of books can be explored using contrasting paradigms. Previously Timpany & Vanderschantz (2012) proposed a categorisation of interactive children’s books that used two continuums that took into consideration Physical Enhancement and Content Sequencing. This paper looks at those categorisations made by Timpany & Vanderschantz (2012) and considers how the multitude of formats addresses either the physical or intellectual aspects of children’s reading and how this then may be used to engage the reader. To do this, a database of 132 books was audited to assess the interactivity of these books against those categorisation systems. The range of books surveyed is discussed in terms of what methods are used to create the interaction within each of the interactivity levels and across types of books. Findings from this audit demonstrate interesting interactions between age, physical enhancement versus content sequencing, and the relationship of these to mechanisms for interactivity such as paper engineering, illustration and story structure. The majority of the books in the sample have no interactive qualities on one of the two-categorisation scales. Physically enhanced books were marginally more highly represented on the scale at higher levels of interactivity. Counter intuitively, the physically interactive pop up books were seen to fall predominantly in lower categories (1 or 2) for physical enhancement, while books requiring image search, an intellectual activity, were also predominantly in the lower categories (1 or 2) for content sequencing.

text: Using a categorisation structure to understand interaction in children’s books Children’s books can vary greatly in the type of and depth of interaction that is required from the reader. The types of interaction demanded by different types of books can be explored using contrasting paradigms. Previously Timpany & Vanderschantz (2012) proposed a categorisation of interactive children’s books that used two continuums that took into consideration Physical Enhancement and Content Sequencing. This paper looks at those categorisations made by Timpany & Vanderschantz (2012) and considers how the multitude of formats addresses either the physical or intellectual aspects of children’s reading and how this then may be used to engage the reader. To do this, a database of 132 books was audited to assess the interactivity of these books against those categorisation systems. The range of books surveyed is discussed in terms of what methods are used to create the interaction within each of the interactivity levels and across types of books. Findings from this audit demonstrate interesting interactions between age, physical enhancement versus content sequencing, and the relationship of these to mechanisms for interactivity such as paper engineering, illustration and story structure. The majority of the books in the sample have no interactive qualities on one of the two-categorisation scales. Physically enhanced books were marginally more highly represented on the scale at higher levels of interactivity. Counter intuitively, the physically interactive pop up books were seen to fall predominantly in lower categories (1 or 2) for physical enhancement, while books requiring image search, an intellectual activity, were also predominantly in the lower categories (1 or 2) for content sequencing.

year: 2013

title: Evidence-based practice in Interventional Radiology: A mixed methods study exploring how evidence is incorporated into practice with a particular focus on blood glucose requirements for vascular patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing peripheral angioplasty.

authors: Linton, Delia Rose

abstract: Background: Evidence-based practice was established to align patient care with the best available evidence.  At Waikato Hospital, vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty are required to have a pre-procedural blood glucose level of less than 11 mmol/L.  However, there is no guideline outlining this requirement or the underlying evidence supporting this criterion, the absence of which has led to confusion amongst staff.  This research project seeks to explore how evidence for pre-procedural blood glucose requirements for vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty is incorporated into practice and how the evidence is disseminated to relevant services.
Participants: The quantitative phase reviewed the clinical records of vascular patients (n=93) who had undergone a peripheral angioplasty in the 2022 – 2023 calendar year.  Due to incomplete datasets, a total of 50 patient clinical records were included in analysis.  The qualitative phase involved interviews with health professionals (n=9) involved in the care of vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty.  
Methods: This mixed-methods two-phase research project involved an initial retrospective clinical records audit of vascular patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who had undergone a peripheral angioplasty in the 2022 – 2023 calendar year.  A regression analysis was undertaken to determine the correlation between the change in creatinine levels and (i) patient diagnoses and (ii) pre-procedural blood glucose levels.  Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with health professionals.  These interviews were analysed using a general inductive method of inquiry to identify key overarching themes. 
Findings: There was no observed statistically significant association using ANOVA between the change in creatinine levels and patient diagnoses (p=0.31) or pre-procedural blood glucose levels in vascular patients following a peripheral angioplasty (p=0.14).  Although a one-unit increase in pre-procedural blood glucose levels was observed to result in an associated increase of 3.5 mg/dL in creatinine levels, this was not statistically significant (p=0.25).  Analysis of the qualitative interview data from interviews with health professionals produced three themes relating to the implementation of evidence-based practice: (i) Dissemination of evidence; (ii) Balancing practicality with evidence in healthcare delivery; and (iii) Enhancing evidence-based practice in clinical contexts.        
Conclusion: Although the research reported a relationship between raised pre-procedure blood glucose and creatinine levels, it was not statistically significant.  More meaningful results arose, however, from the stakeholder interviews, which indicated a lack of communication and support around the rationale for the pre-procedural blood glucose cut-off value.  It appeared that such miscommunication would be absent through the investment into staff education and the development of a clinical guideline.

text: Evidence-based practice in Interventional Radiology: A mixed methods study exploring how evidence is incorporated into practice with a particular focus on blood glucose requirements for vascular patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing peripheral angioplasty. Background: Evidence-based practice was established to align patient care with the best available evidence.  At Waikato Hospital, vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty are required to have a pre-procedural blood glucose level of less than 11 mmol/L.  However, there is no guideline outlining this requirement or the underlying evidence supporting this criterion, the absence of which has led to confusion amongst staff.  This research project seeks to explore how evidence for pre-procedural blood glucose requirements for vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty is incorporated into practice and how the evidence is disseminated to relevant services.
Participants: The quantitative phase reviewed the clinical records of vascular patients (n=93) who had undergone a peripheral angioplasty in the 2022 – 2023 calendar year.  Due to incomplete datasets, a total of 50 patient clinical records were included in analysis.  The qualitative phase involved interviews with health professionals (n=9) involved in the care of vascular patients undergoing peripheral angioplasty.  
Methods: This mixed-methods two-phase research project involved an initial retrospective clinical records audit of vascular patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who had undergone a peripheral angioplasty in the 2022 – 2023 calendar year.  A regression analysis was undertaken to determine the correlation between the change in creatinine levels and (i) patient diagnoses and (ii) pre-procedural blood glucose levels.  Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with health professionals.  These interviews were analysed using a general inductive method of inquiry to identify key overarching themes. 
Findings: There was no observed statistically significant association using ANOVA between the change in creatinine levels and patient diagnoses (p=0.31) or pre-procedural blood glucose levels in vascular patients following a peripheral angioplasty (p=0.14).  Although a one-unit increase in pre-procedural blood glucose levels was observed to result in an associated increase of 3.5 mg/dL in creatinine levels, this was not statistically significant (p=0.25).  Analysis of the qualitative interview data from interviews with health professionals produced three themes relating to the implementation of evidence-based practice: (i) Dissemination of evidence; (ii) Balancing practicality with evidence in healthcare delivery; and (iii) Enhancing evidence-based practice in clinical contexts.        
Conclusion: Although the research reported a relationship between raised pre-procedure blood glucose and creatinine levels, it was not statistically significant.  More meaningful results arose, however, from the stakeholder interviews, which indicated a lack of communication and support around the rationale for the pre-procedural blood glucose cut-off value.  It appeared that such miscommunication would be absent through the investment into staff education and the development of a clinical guideline.

year: 2023

title: He kākano mai i Rangiātea

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

abstract: This chapter describes reflections of learning that took place during my doctoral research. It is presented in the form of a story in which my skills as an external evaluator were sought out to evaluate Manawanui, a hapū led healthy lifestyles programme. Manawanui is run by the local Hauora Iwi Social and Health Services. Previous evaluation experiences have led to a determination to place cultural values, aims and aspirations of the iwi at the centre of this new evaluation.

text: He kākano mai i Rangiātea This chapter describes reflections of learning that took place during my doctoral research. It is presented in the form of a story in which my skills as an external evaluator were sought out to evaluate Manawanui, a hapū led healthy lifestyles programme. Manawanui is run by the local Hauora Iwi Social and Health Services. Previous evaluation experiences have led to a determination to place cultural values, aims and aspirations of the iwi at the centre of this new evaluation.

year: 2016