title: Game changer competition

authors: Steff, Reuben

abstract: An increasingly complex arms competition is underway between the United States, Russia and China. While the United States is in the lead across a range of current and emerging systems, it can no longer take its position for granted, and there is an urgent need for greater attention to be paid to this competition as the strategic consequences are unknown. Further more, an opportunity exists for countries like New Zealand to seize the initiative and play a role in advancing arms control programmes that promote collective reassurance and will enhance international security.

text: Game changer competition An increasingly complex arms competition is underway between the United States, Russia and China. While the United States is in the lead across a range of current and emerging systems, it can no longer take its position for granted, and there is an urgent need for greater attention to be paid to this competition as the strategic consequences are unknown. Further more, an opportunity exists for countries like New Zealand to seize the initiative and play a role in advancing arms control programmes that promote collective reassurance and will enhance international security.

year: 2016

title: Some characteristics of a serine proteinase isolated from an extreme thermophile for use in kinetically controlled peptide bond synthesis

authors: Peek, Keith

subjects: Proteinases

abstract: The use of proteinases for the synthesis of peptides and esters has been studied for over 50 years and has increased substantially over recent years. In particular, the use of proteinases in anhydrous organic solvents ( < 0.01% water), where they exhibit novel properties, is gaining momentum.¹ However, most of the work on peptide synthesis has been on the use of proteinases in water-miscible solvents. There are a number of advantages in employing water-miscible solvents.² For example, some amino acid derivatives are poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents and limitations due to the diffusion of substrates in biphasic systems or enzymes suspended in hydrophobic solvents are avoided. The main disadvantage of employing water-miscible solvents is that at high concentrations, many enzymes are relatively inactive or denatured due to the stripping of enzyme-bound water.³ The use of proteinases isolated from extreme thermophiles, with their inherent stability to extremes of pH and temperature and to organic solvents, would seem to be one of the obvious ways of solving these problems. In addition, the reactions could be carried out at higher temperatures, which would result in benefits from increased substrate solubilities, accelerated rates of diffusion, and decreased viscosity.

text: Some characteristics of a serine proteinase isolated from an extreme thermophile for use in kinetically controlled peptide bond synthesis The use of proteinases for the synthesis of peptides and esters has been studied for over 50 years and has increased substantially over recent years. In particular, the use of proteinases in anhydrous organic solvents ( < 0.01% water), where they exhibit novel properties, is gaining momentum.¹ However, most of the work on peptide synthesis has been on the use of proteinases in water-miscible solvents. There are a number of advantages in employing water-miscible solvents.² For example, some amino acid derivatives are poorly soluble in nonpolar solvents and limitations due to the diffusion of substrates in biphasic systems or enzymes suspended in hydrophobic solvents are avoided. The main disadvantage of employing water-miscible solvents is that at high concentrations, many enzymes are relatively inactive or denatured due to the stripping of enzyme-bound water.³ The use of proteinases isolated from extreme thermophiles, with their inherent stability to extremes of pH and temperature and to organic solvents, would seem to be one of the obvious ways of solving these problems. In addition, the reactions could be carried out at higher temperatures, which would result in benefits from increased substrate solubilities, accelerated rates of diffusion, and decreased viscosity.

year: 1992

title: The Māori Data Privacy Framework: How useful is it for hapū?

authors: Clark, Vanessa

abstract: This brief is a part of a series, produced for the Tikanga in Technology (TiNT) research programme, that provides a hapū perspective on data sovereignty, data governance, and data privacy. In this brief we focus on the Māori Data Privacy Framework developed by the TiNT team and assess how useful it is for hapū. To do so, we draw on a case study with Ngāti Tiipa, one of the 33 iwi and hapū of the Waikato confederation (Kukutai, Whitehead & Kani, 2022). This brief should be read in conjunction with TiNT Brief #2 Protecting hapū data privacy: A Ngāti Tiipa case study of technology considerations.

text: The Māori Data Privacy Framework: How useful is it for hapū? This brief is a part of a series, produced for the Tikanga in Technology (TiNT) research programme, that provides a hapū perspective on data sovereignty, data governance, and data privacy. In this brief we focus on the Māori Data Privacy Framework developed by the TiNT team and assess how useful it is for hapū. To do so, we draw on a case study with Ngāti Tiipa, one of the 33 iwi and hapū of the Waikato confederation (Kukutai, Whitehead & Kani, 2022). This brief should be read in conjunction with TiNT Brief #2 Protecting hapū data privacy: A Ngāti Tiipa case study of technology considerations.

year: 2025-02-11