title: Inferring User Actions from Provenance Logs

authors: Li, Xin

abstract: Progger, a kernel-spaced cloud data provenance logger which provides fine-grained data activity records, was recently developed to empower cloud stakeholders to trace data life cycles within and across clouds. Progger logs have the potential to allow analysts to infer user actions and create a data-centric behaviour history in a cloud computing environment. However, the Progger logs are complex and noisy and therefore, currently this potential can not be met. This paper proposes a statistical approach to efficiently infer the user actions from the Progger logs. Inferring logs which capture activities at kernel-level granularity is not a straightforward endeavour. This paper overcomes this challenge through an approach which shows a high level of accuracy. The key aspects of this approach are identifying the data preprocessing steps and attribute selection. We then use four standard classification models and identify the model which provides the most accurate inference on user actions. To our best knowledge, this is the first work of its kind. We also discuss a number of possible extensions to this work. Possible future applications include the ability to predict an anomalous security activity before it occurs.

text: Inferring User Actions from Provenance Logs Progger, a kernel-spaced cloud data provenance logger which provides fine-grained data activity records, was recently developed to empower cloud stakeholders to trace data life cycles within and across clouds. Progger logs have the potential to allow analysts to infer user actions and create a data-centric behaviour history in a cloud computing environment. However, the Progger logs are complex and noisy and therefore, currently this potential can not be met. This paper proposes a statistical approach to efficiently infer the user actions from the Progger logs. Inferring logs which capture activities at kernel-level granularity is not a straightforward endeavour. This paper overcomes this challenge through an approach which shows a high level of accuracy. The key aspects of this approach are identifying the data preprocessing steps and attribute selection. We then use four standard classification models and identify the model which provides the most accurate inference on user actions. To our best knowledge, this is the first work of its kind. We also discuss a number of possible extensions to this work. Possible future applications include the ability to predict an anomalous security activity before it occurs.

year: 2015

title: Unpacking housing affordability policies in New Zealand

authors: McLeay, Colin

abstract: Recent New Zealand governments have sought to increase the provision of affordable housing by increasing the supply of land for housing and encouraging builders to include affordable housing in their developments. Despite claims to the contrary, affordable housing policies introduced by both centre-right and centre-left governments are expressive of neoliberal capture of the political process. This paper explores tension between public endorsements of affordable housing policies and acceptance of market mechanisms in the provision of affordable housing. Thus, while Members of Parliament from both National-led and Labour-led Governments have identified the distinctiveness of their respective housing policies, recent legislative provisions draw on shared acceptance of post-political conceptions of state and society.

text: Unpacking housing affordability policies in New Zealand Recent New Zealand governments have sought to increase the provision of affordable housing by increasing the supply of land for housing and encouraging builders to include affordable housing in their developments. Despite claims to the contrary, affordable housing policies introduced by both centre-right and centre-left governments are expressive of neoliberal capture of the political process. This paper explores tension between public endorsements of affordable housing policies and acceptance of market mechanisms in the provision of affordable housing. Thus, while Members of Parliament from both National-led and Labour-led Governments have identified the distinctiveness of their respective housing policies, recent legislative provisions draw on shared acceptance of post-political conceptions of state and society.

year: 2021

title: /u/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English

authors: Maclagan, Margaret

subjects: Maori

abstract: This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of /t/ in both Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related features of the speakers' English and of the English of monolingual contemporaries. The occurrence of these processes in Māori cannot be seen simply as interference from NZE as the Māori-speaking population became increasingly bilingual. We conclude that it was the arrival of English with its contrast between aspirated and unaspirated plosives, rather than direct borrowing, that was the trigger for the fronting of the hitherto stable back Māori /u/ vowel together with increased aspiration of /t/ before both /i/ and /u/.

text: /u/ fronting and /t/ aspiration in Māori and New Zealand English This article examines the relationship between the frontness of /u/ and the aspiration of /t/ in both Māori and New Zealand English (NZE). In both languages, these processes can be observed since the earliest recordings dating from the latter part of the nineteenth century. We report analyses of these developments for three groups of male speakers of Māori spanning the twentieth century. We compare the Māori analyses with analyses of related features of the speakers' English and of the English of monolingual contemporaries. The occurrence of these processes in Māori cannot be seen simply as interference from NZE as the Māori-speaking population became increasingly bilingual. We conclude that it was the arrival of English with its contrast between aspirated and unaspirated plosives, rather than direct borrowing, that was the trigger for the fronting of the hitherto stable back Māori /u/ vowel together with increased aspiration of /t/ before both /i/ and /u/.

year: 2009