title: Gender and gender minority differences in workplace bullying within New Zealand organisations

authors: Hayman, Michelle

subjects: Workplace bullying

abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between gender, gender minority status and workplace bullying within organisations across New Zealand. The relationship between workplace bullying and workplace outcomes (intention to quit, well-being, psychological strain and physical health) was also assessed. In addition, gender minority was explored as a moderator to determine the impact on the relationship between workplace bullying and workplace outcomes. Participants were recruited from a participant pool volunteering their time with research software company, Qualtrics. The sample consisted of 2,424 respondents from five different industries (sales, education, healthcare, industrial and services) within New Zealand. 
Results demonstrated that gender is important in understanding workplace bullying, however being part of a gender minority did not have the same effect. Females working in a male dominated organisation reported significantly higher levels of workplace bullying but not vice versa. In addition, in line with previous research, workplace bullying had a direct relationship with workplace outcomes (intention to leave, psychological strain, physical health and well-being).  
Although this research determined only a partial relationship between gender minority status and workplace bullying, the research has provided critical information to researchers, practitioners and human resource managers in New Zealand for the understanding of workplace bullying as a gendered phenomenon. Further research regarding sociological minorities rather than numerical minorities is recommended in order to gain a further understanding of the influence ‘power’ has on workplace bullying.

text: Gender and gender minority differences in workplace bullying within New Zealand organisations The aim of the present study was to identify the relationship between gender, gender minority status and workplace bullying within organisations across New Zealand. The relationship between workplace bullying and workplace outcomes (intention to quit, well-being, psychological strain and physical health) was also assessed. In addition, gender minority was explored as a moderator to determine the impact on the relationship between workplace bullying and workplace outcomes. Participants were recruited from a participant pool volunteering their time with research software company, Qualtrics. The sample consisted of 2,424 respondents from five different industries (sales, education, healthcare, industrial and services) within New Zealand. 
Results demonstrated that gender is important in understanding workplace bullying, however being part of a gender minority did not have the same effect. Females working in a male dominated organisation reported significantly higher levels of workplace bullying but not vice versa. In addition, in line with previous research, workplace bullying had a direct relationship with workplace outcomes (intention to leave, psychological strain, physical health and well-being).  
Although this research determined only a partial relationship between gender minority status and workplace bullying, the research has provided critical information to researchers, practitioners and human resource managers in New Zealand for the understanding of workplace bullying as a gendered phenomenon. Further research regarding sociological minorities rather than numerical minorities is recommended in order to gain a further understanding of the influence ‘power’ has on workplace bullying.

year: 2015

title: Is multilateralism in crisis?

authors: Bigdeli, Sadeq Z.

abstract: Since 2006, more than a quarter of the requests for consultation at the WTO have invoked the SCM Agreement more than half of which have involved China - mostly as respondent. 
I think the nature of 21st century subsidy disputes that along with AD cases, are clearly on the rise - not only in terms of number but more importantly in terms of scope of government actions and regulatory areas they cover - is as much about economic conflicts as they are about ideational and at some deeper level ideological conflicts over the "proper" role of the state in a market economy.

text: Is multilateralism in crisis? Since 2006, more than a quarter of the requests for consultation at the WTO have invoked the SCM Agreement more than half of which have involved China - mostly as respondent. 
I think the nature of 21st century subsidy disputes that along with AD cases, are clearly on the rise - not only in terms of number but more importantly in terms of scope of government actions and regulatory areas they cover - is as much about economic conflicts as they are about ideational and at some deeper level ideological conflicts over the "proper" role of the state in a market economy.

year: 2012

title: The Te Aroha hot springs (mainly in the nineteenth century)

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Unique amongst New Zealand mining districts, the hot springs sited at the base of the mountain were popular with miners, residents, and an increasing number of visitors. Highly valued by Maori for their medicinal qualities, Pakeha visited them well before gold was discovered. Acquired by the Crown as part of the purchase of the Aroha Block, contention arose over whether the springs had been gifted to the Crown and whether Maori should be charged for using them. The provision of a small but free bath to Ngati Rahiri did not satisfy them.
 After Pakeha settled, the springs were developed and the surrounding domain was landscaped. Analysis of the water by experts produced claims about its curative qualities and many miracle cures were claimed, and the water was bottled until more recent analyses traced the existence of arsenic. Men reputedly skilled in hydropathy and similar ‘sciences’ were appointed to assist those suffering from rheumatism and the like. A local board beautified the area until the domain was taken over by the Tourist Department. Many tourists from throughout New Zealand and abroad were attracted by the facilities, which included a library, but some noticed a lack of cleanliness and were annoyed by larrikins. Despite such problems, as mining faded Te Aroha profited from becoming a tourist destination and sanatorium.

text: The Te Aroha hot springs (mainly in the nineteenth century) Unique amongst New Zealand mining districts, the hot springs sited at the base of the mountain were popular with miners, residents, and an increasing number of visitors. Highly valued by Maori for their medicinal qualities, Pakeha visited them well before gold was discovered. Acquired by the Crown as part of the purchase of the Aroha Block, contention arose over whether the springs had been gifted to the Crown and whether Maori should be charged for using them. The provision of a small but free bath to Ngati Rahiri did not satisfy them.
 After Pakeha settled, the springs were developed and the surrounding domain was landscaped. Analysis of the water by experts produced claims about its curative qualities and many miracle cures were claimed, and the water was bottled until more recent analyses traced the existence of arsenic. Men reputedly skilled in hydropathy and similar ‘sciences’ were appointed to assist those suffering from rheumatism and the like. A local board beautified the area until the domain was taken over by the Tourist Department. Many tourists from throughout New Zealand and abroad were attracted by the facilities, which included a library, but some noticed a lack of cleanliness and were annoyed by larrikins. Despite such problems, as mining faded Te Aroha profited from becoming a tourist destination and sanatorium.

year: 2016