title: Habitat requirements of black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) in the Waikato region, North Island, New Zealand.

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: black mudfish

abstract: Black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) were found at 39 of 80 sites in the Waikato region, New Zealand, ranging from large wetlands to small swampy streams. Of the sites with mudfish, 87% were dry at some time during summer. Sites with mudfish also generally had emergent and overhanging vegetation and tree roots, and showed low to moderate human impact. Black mudfish coexisted at some sites with juvenile eels or mosquitofish, but were absent from all sites with common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) or inanga (Galaxias maculatus). Sites with mudfish had almost exclusively semi-mineralised substrates or peat; only one site had mineralised substrate. Geometric mean catch rate for the 39 sites with mudfish was 0.70 fish per trap per night. Mean summer water depth was only 2.1 cm at sites with mudfish, compared to 22.6 cm at 41 sites without. Winter and maximum water depths were also less at sites with mudfish than at sites without mudfish. Mean turbidity was 11.5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) at sites with mudfish, but 21.3 NTU at sites without mudfish. Mudfish catch rates were negatively correlated with summer water depth, winter water depth, disturbance scale rating, and turbidity. A discriminant function model based on these variables successfully predicted 95% of the sites with mudfish. Habitat preference curves are also presented.

text: Habitat requirements of black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) in the Waikato region, North Island, New Zealand. Black mudfish (Neochanna diversus) were found at 39 of 80 sites in the Waikato region, New Zealand, ranging from large wetlands to small swampy streams. Of the sites with mudfish, 87% were dry at some time during summer. Sites with mudfish also generally had emergent and overhanging vegetation and tree roots, and showed low to moderate human impact. Black mudfish coexisted at some sites with juvenile eels or mosquitofish, but were absent from all sites with common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) or inanga (Galaxias maculatus). Sites with mudfish had almost exclusively semi-mineralised substrates or peat; only one site had mineralised substrate. Geometric mean catch rate for the 39 sites with mudfish was 0.70 fish per trap per night. Mean summer water depth was only 2.1 cm at sites with mudfish, compared to 22.6 cm at 41 sites without. Winter and maximum water depths were also less at sites with mudfish than at sites without mudfish. Mean turbidity was 11.5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) at sites with mudfish, but 21.3 NTU at sites without mudfish. Mudfish catch rates were negatively correlated with summer water depth, winter water depth, disturbance scale rating, and turbidity. A discriminant function model based on these variables successfully predicted 95% of the sites with mudfish. Habitat preference curves are also presented.

year: 1996-03-01

title: Populism and the domestic-international nexus: The Cases of the United States and Brazil

authors: Bauerfeind, Courtney Tegan

subjects: Populism

abstract: Populism has become an increasingly important feature of politics in recent decades due to a rapid wave of populist parties spreading across the world from Europe to the United States, and South America. This motivates and necessitates renewed attention into understanding populism’s functions, origins and implications for international relations. In particular, as state identities reconstruct themselves in line with domestic political shifts (in this case leading to new populist identities), the importance of understanding the process of identity formation increases. To engage this issue, this research examines and utilises interrelated ideas and theories including identity formation, the role of social groups, group psychology and constructivist international relations theory. This thesis will examine whether identity politics influence domestic politics, and in extension empower populist movements. This will analyse how the state acts as an extension of the people that reside within it. It also provides scope to explain how domestic regimes and their changing identities inform international state behaviour by, firstly, looking at the effects of populism in recent years on the state of democracy globally and, second, through two case studies: the US (during the Trump administration), and Brazil (during the the Lula and Bolsonaro administrations). It will determine whether or not there were significant changes to US/Brazil foreign policy as a result of populism, and if so, how this affects international relations. In doing so, this research advances understanding of how domestic populism has had a significant influence on international behaviour. Additionally this research aims to continue and strengthen constructivist analysis by building on the existing academic literature through the understanding of psychological theories. Through it’s analysis it finds that populism has weakened democracy globally and that there are significant similarities between the foreign policy of right-wing populist parties in different countries, and differences between these parties and the foreign policy pursued by left-wing populists. It also identifies state behaviours, in terms of foreign policy, that align with principles of group identity behaviours and identifies areas where future research is warranted.

text: Populism and the domestic-international nexus: The Cases of the United States and Brazil Populism has become an increasingly important feature of politics in recent decades due to a rapid wave of populist parties spreading across the world from Europe to the United States, and South America. This motivates and necessitates renewed attention into understanding populism’s functions, origins and implications for international relations. In particular, as state identities reconstruct themselves in line with domestic political shifts (in this case leading to new populist identities), the importance of understanding the process of identity formation increases. To engage this issue, this research examines and utilises interrelated ideas and theories including identity formation, the role of social groups, group psychology and constructivist international relations theory. This thesis will examine whether identity politics influence domestic politics, and in extension empower populist movements. This will analyse how the state acts as an extension of the people that reside within it. It also provides scope to explain how domestic regimes and their changing identities inform international state behaviour by, firstly, looking at the effects of populism in recent years on the state of democracy globally and, second, through two case studies: the US (during the Trump administration), and Brazil (during the the Lula and Bolsonaro administrations). It will determine whether or not there were significant changes to US/Brazil foreign policy as a result of populism, and if so, how this affects international relations. In doing so, this research advances understanding of how domestic populism has had a significant influence on international behaviour. Additionally this research aims to continue and strengthen constructivist analysis by building on the existing academic literature through the understanding of psychological theories. Through it’s analysis it finds that populism has weakened democracy globally and that there are significant similarities between the foreign policy of right-wing populist parties in different countries, and differences between these parties and the foreign policy pursued by left-wing populists. It also identifies state behaviours, in terms of foreign policy, that align with principles of group identity behaviours and identifies areas where future research is warranted.

year: 2022

title: Analysis of errors in the writing of first year university students of Māori

authors: Earnshaw, Lorene

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: This paper presents a survey of the range of grammatical and lexical errors made in written Māori by University students taking an introductory course in Māori language. We begin by introducing, and discussing the motivation for, an error classification system which accommodates different classes of error. We then provide an analysis of errors in three different types of student writing: homework assignments, impromptu tests and examination transcripts. We conclude with some remarks about the patterns of error which we found.

text: Analysis of errors in the writing of first year university students of Māori This paper presents a survey of the range of grammatical and lexical errors made in written Māori by University students taking an introductory course in Māori language. We begin by introducing, and discussing the motivation for, an error classification system which accommodates different classes of error. We then provide an analysis of errors in three different types of student writing: homework assignments, impromptu tests and examination transcripts. We conclude with some remarks about the patterns of error which we found.

year: 2004-09