title: Groundwater in the Okataina caldera: Model of future nitrogen loads to Lake Tarawera

authors: Gillon, Nicholas

abstract: Protection and restoration of water quality are a major priority of the New Zealand government. To support this objective, a monitoring and an action programme named “The Regional Water and Land Plan” was set up by the Environment Bay of Plenty Regional Council in February 2005 for the Rotorua lakes district. Lake Tarawera is part of this programme. The plan includes a Tarawera River management plan developed originally by Bay of Plenty Catchment Commission (1985).

Currently water quality of Lake Tarawera is slightly worse than during the 1990s (Environment Bay of Plenty 1997). The Trophic Level Index (TLI), a measure of water quality, is 2.9 in Lake Tarawera. Environment Bay of Plenty wishes to reduce the TLI to 2.6, to improve the water quality of the lake. Actions have already been programmed to support this initiative, including sewage treatment. 

Most of the water inflow to the lake is from groundwater. Nitrogen loads to the lake from groundwater are largely unknown as there is limited monitoring data. Development of highly productive pasture in the last 50 years, coupled with a residence time for the groundwater estimated on average to be c. 200 years, look likely to result in increasing nutrient loads to the lake with potential for deterioration of water quality.

The objective of this study was to assess current and future groundwater nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera, particularly nitrogen loads. Following a consideration of the Lake Tarawera catchment water balance, a hydrogeological model was created. Nitrogen discharge with groundwater to Lake Tarawera is assessed based on pre-development land use, current land use and scenarios of future land use, allowing conclusions to be made for priorities for the maintenance of lake water quality.

text: Groundwater in the Okataina caldera: Model of future nitrogen loads to Lake Tarawera Protection and restoration of water quality are a major priority of the New Zealand government. To support this objective, a monitoring and an action programme named “The Regional Water and Land Plan” was set up by the Environment Bay of Plenty Regional Council in February 2005 for the Rotorua lakes district. Lake Tarawera is part of this programme. The plan includes a Tarawera River management plan developed originally by Bay of Plenty Catchment Commission (1985).

Currently water quality of Lake Tarawera is slightly worse than during the 1990s (Environment Bay of Plenty 1997). The Trophic Level Index (TLI), a measure of water quality, is 2.9 in Lake Tarawera. Environment Bay of Plenty wishes to reduce the TLI to 2.6, to improve the water quality of the lake. Actions have already been programmed to support this initiative, including sewage treatment. 

Most of the water inflow to the lake is from groundwater. Nitrogen loads to the lake from groundwater are largely unknown as there is limited monitoring data. Development of highly productive pasture in the last 50 years, coupled with a residence time for the groundwater estimated on average to be c. 200 years, look likely to result in increasing nutrient loads to the lake with potential for deterioration of water quality.

The objective of this study was to assess current and future groundwater nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera, particularly nitrogen loads. Following a consideration of the Lake Tarawera catchment water balance, a hydrogeological model was created. Nitrogen discharge with groundwater to Lake Tarawera is assessed based on pre-development land use, current land use and scenarios of future land use, allowing conclusions to be made for priorities for the maintenance of lake water quality.

year: 2009-09

title: Modular control-loop detection

authors: Malik, Robi

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper presents an efficient algorithm to
detect control-loops in large finite-state systems. The proposed
algorithm exploits the modular structure present in many
models of practical relevance, and often successfully avoids the
explicit synchronous composition of subsystems and thereby
the state explosion problem. Experimental results show that
the method can be used to verify industrial applications of
considerable complexity.

text: Modular control-loop detection This paper presents an efficient algorithm to
detect control-loops in large finite-state systems. The proposed
algorithm exploits the modular structure present in many
models of practical relevance, and often successfully avoids the
explicit synchronous composition of subsystems and thereby
the state explosion problem. Experimental results show that
the method can be used to verify industrial applications of
considerable complexity.

year: 2006-07

title: What do New Zealand picturebooks tell us about New Zealand national identity?

authors: Daly, Nicola

abstract: Jeffries (2004, p. 4) defines national identity as ' ... a shared sense of belonging of a group of people that depends on a common area of named place, a common set of beliefs and values, and positive feelings for a specific named geographical area'. In her examination of how New Zealand culture is portrayed in picturebooks published between 2000 and 2005, McNeur (2006) suggests that the visual and textual messages in children's picturebooks are an important contributor to the development of children's national identity. This paper describes the process of choosing a collection of 22 New Zealand children's picturebooks (known as the New Zealand PictureBook Collection) to reflect and represent diversity in New Zealand national identity, and analyses what these books tell us about the New Zealand national identity.

text: What do New Zealand picturebooks tell us about New Zealand national identity? Jeffries (2004, p. 4) defines national identity as ' ... a shared sense of belonging of a group of people that depends on a common area of named place, a common set of beliefs and values, and positive feelings for a specific named geographical area'. In her examination of how New Zealand culture is portrayed in picturebooks published between 2000 and 2005, McNeur (2006) suggests that the visual and textual messages in children's picturebooks are an important contributor to the development of children's national identity. This paper describes the process of choosing a collection of 22 New Zealand children's picturebooks (known as the New Zealand PictureBook Collection) to reflect and represent diversity in New Zealand national identity, and analyses what these books tell us about the New Zealand national identity.

year: 2016