title: Registration, infringement, competition and markets under the New Zealand Trade Marks Act 2002

authors: Kingsbury, Anna

subjects: competition law

abstract: The traditional rationale for the legal protection of trade marks is that trade marks protect consumers from con fusion and reduce consumer search costs in the market place. Producers use trade marks to distinguish their goods and services from the goods and services of their competitors. Facilitating competition is therefore a fundamental, underlying principle of trade mark law. Trade mark protection provides incentives to producers to invest in consistency and quality, which benefits consumers. Trade marks thus have origin, guarantee and investment functions. They are indicators of trade source, they serve as guarantees of quality, and they provide a mechanism and incentive for investment in advertising and promotion.

text: Registration, infringement, competition and markets under the New Zealand Trade Marks Act 2002 The traditional rationale for the legal protection of trade marks is that trade marks protect consumers from con fusion and reduce consumer search costs in the market place. Producers use trade marks to distinguish their goods and services from the goods and services of their competitors. Facilitating competition is therefore a fundamental, underlying principle of trade mark law. Trade mark protection provides incentives to producers to invest in consistency and quality, which benefits consumers. Trade marks thus have origin, guarantee and investment functions. They are indicators of trade source, they serve as guarantees of quality, and they provide a mechanism and incentive for investment in advertising and promotion.

year: 2005

title: A review of 3D/4D printing of poly-lactic acid composites with bio-derived reinforcements

authors: Muthe, Lakshmi Priya

abstract: Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has become a commonly used polymer for additive manufacturing because of its bio-derived nature, useful mechanical properties, and excellent processability. Reinforcing PLA with bio-derived materials has been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of 3D printed composites and, in some cases, to produce active materials for shape-changing hygromorphic structures. PLA also displays shape memory as a response to changes in temperature, making it a popular choice for 4D printing. This review aims to present an overview of the current state of 3D/4D printing PLA composites with bio-derived reinforcements and highlight the recent progress and future opportunities. This comprehensive overview summarises the different forms of bio-derived reinforcements for PLA used in fused deposition modelling (FDM), factors influencing the resulting printed composites’ performance, and research gaps that need addressing. The current methods used before, during, and after printing to enhance the material properties and the impending need for innovative filament production and printing technologies have been brought to attention.

text: A review of 3D/4D printing of poly-lactic acid composites with bio-derived reinforcements Poly-lactic acid (PLA) has become a commonly used polymer for additive manufacturing because of its bio-derived nature, useful mechanical properties, and excellent processability. Reinforcing PLA with bio-derived materials has been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of 3D printed composites and, in some cases, to produce active materials for shape-changing hygromorphic structures. PLA also displays shape memory as a response to changes in temperature, making it a popular choice for 4D printing. This review aims to present an overview of the current state of 3D/4D printing PLA composites with bio-derived reinforcements and highlight the recent progress and future opportunities. This comprehensive overview summarises the different forms of bio-derived reinforcements for PLA used in fused deposition modelling (FDM), factors influencing the resulting printed composites’ performance, and research gaps that need addressing. The current methods used before, during, and after printing to enhance the material properties and the impending need for innovative filament production and printing technologies have been brought to attention.

year: 2022

title: Weaving kaupapa Māori and e-Learning

authors: Neal, Terry

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This paper describes the creation and design of an online professional development course that aims to help educators in New Zealand to weave kaupapa Māori and e-Learning approaches together. The team sought to model weaving of kaupapa Māori and e-Learning approaches in how they worked together and the educational design for the material. The authors propose that educators with these skills are crucial if we are to effectively meet the needs of Māori learners, more than that, of all New Zealand learners, in the 21st century.

text: Weaving kaupapa Māori and e-Learning This paper describes the creation and design of an online professional development course that aims to help educators in New Zealand to weave kaupapa Māori and e-Learning approaches together. The team sought to model weaving of kaupapa Māori and e-Learning approaches in how they worked together and the educational design for the material. The authors propose that educators with these skills are crucial if we are to effectively meet the needs of Māori learners, more than that, of all New Zealand learners, in the 21st century.

year: 2006-09