title: Transferring sentiment knowledge between words and tweets

authors: Bravo-Marquez, Felipe

subjects: computer science

abstract: Message-level and word-level polarity classification are two popular tasks in Twitter sentiment analysis. They have been commonly addressed by training supervised models from labelled data. The main limitation of these models is the high cost of data annotation. Transferring existing labels from a related problem domain is one possible solution for this problem. In this paper, we study how to transfer sentiment labels from the word domain to the tweet domain and vice versa by making their corresponding instances compatible. We model instances of these two domains as the aggregation of instances from the other (i.e., tweets are treated as collections of the words they contain and words are treated as collections of the tweets in which they occur) and perform aggregation by averaging the corresponding constituents. We study two different setups for averaging tweet and word vectors: 1) representing tweets by standard NLP features such as unigrams and part-of-speech tags and words by averaging the vectors of the tweets in which they occur, and 2) representing words using skip-gram embeddings and tweets as the average embedding vector of their words. A consequence of our approach is that instances of both domains reside in the same feature space. Thus, a sentiment classifier trained on labelled data from one domain can be used to classify instances from the other one. We evaluate this approach in two transfer learning tasks: 1) sentiment classification of tweets by applying a word-level sentiment classifier, and 2) induction of a polarity lexicon by applying a tweet-level polarity classifier. Our results show that the proposed model can successfully classify words and tweets after transfer.

text: Transferring sentiment knowledge between words and tweets Message-level and word-level polarity classification are two popular tasks in Twitter sentiment analysis. They have been commonly addressed by training supervised models from labelled data. The main limitation of these models is the high cost of data annotation. Transferring existing labels from a related problem domain is one possible solution for this problem. In this paper, we study how to transfer sentiment labels from the word domain to the tweet domain and vice versa by making their corresponding instances compatible. We model instances of these two domains as the aggregation of instances from the other (i.e., tweets are treated as collections of the words they contain and words are treated as collections of the tweets in which they occur) and perform aggregation by averaging the corresponding constituents. We study two different setups for averaging tweet and word vectors: 1) representing tweets by standard NLP features such as unigrams and part-of-speech tags and words by averaging the vectors of the tweets in which they occur, and 2) representing words using skip-gram embeddings and tweets as the average embedding vector of their words. A consequence of our approach is that instances of both domains reside in the same feature space. Thus, a sentiment classifier trained on labelled data from one domain can be used to classify instances from the other one. We evaluate this approach in two transfer learning tasks: 1) sentiment classification of tweets by applying a word-level sentiment classifier, and 2) induction of a polarity lexicon by applying a tweet-level polarity classifier. Our results show that the proposed model can successfully classify words and tweets after transfer.

year: 2018

title: Detection, Desire and Contamination: The Strange Case of Sherlock Holmes

authors: Laven, Eleni

subjects: Sherlock Holmes

abstract: Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous creation, Sherlock Holmes, is often viewed as a fictional embodiment of justice and order in nineteenth-century Britain, a fantasy of epistemological mastery precisely calibrated against the social flux and uncertainty of the fin-de-siècle. Holmes solves perplexing crimes through logic and reason, and affirms a positivist conservative ideology that upholds the status quo. This thesis will challenge this comforting reading of Holmes by arguing, firstly, that he is in fact a highly ambivalent figure - morally problematic, culturally marginalised and sexually ambiguous. Secondly, it will demonstrate how Holmes should be situated within the context of various historical and contemporary discourses, including inquisitorial modes of punishment and surveillance, the discourse of atavism, contemporary anxieties about degeneracy in the upper classes and the cultural problematics of bachelorhood and bohemia in Victorian society. Finally, it will trace a continuum in which Holmes, as an archetype in a discourse of detection extending back to the work of earlier writers such as Edgar Allan Poe, sets the pattern for the legion of brilliant, eccentric and ambiguous detectives who have followed in his wake. Understood in terms of this genealogy, the detective’s characteristic flaws, traits, eccentricities and methodologies can be seen to have a specific relation to their historical moment: indeed, part of the lingering appeal of the eccentric detective lies in the fit between their eccentricities, the nature of the crimes they solve, and their ability to restore order. This thesis will demonstrate the fit in the case of Sherlock Holmes, but will also demonstrate that he is more ambiguous, ambivalent and even subversive than his consoling conservative appeal might suggest.

text: Detection, Desire and Contamination: The Strange Case of Sherlock Holmes Arthur Conan Doyle’s famous creation, Sherlock Holmes, is often viewed as a fictional embodiment of justice and order in nineteenth-century Britain, a fantasy of epistemological mastery precisely calibrated against the social flux and uncertainty of the fin-de-siècle. Holmes solves perplexing crimes through logic and reason, and affirms a positivist conservative ideology that upholds the status quo. This thesis will challenge this comforting reading of Holmes by arguing, firstly, that he is in fact a highly ambivalent figure - morally problematic, culturally marginalised and sexually ambiguous. Secondly, it will demonstrate how Holmes should be situated within the context of various historical and contemporary discourses, including inquisitorial modes of punishment and surveillance, the discourse of atavism, contemporary anxieties about degeneracy in the upper classes and the cultural problematics of bachelorhood and bohemia in Victorian society. Finally, it will trace a continuum in which Holmes, as an archetype in a discourse of detection extending back to the work of earlier writers such as Edgar Allan Poe, sets the pattern for the legion of brilliant, eccentric and ambiguous detectives who have followed in his wake. Understood in terms of this genealogy, the detective’s characteristic flaws, traits, eccentricities and methodologies can be seen to have a specific relation to their historical moment: indeed, part of the lingering appeal of the eccentric detective lies in the fit between their eccentricities, the nature of the crimes they solve, and their ability to restore order. This thesis will demonstrate the fit in the case of Sherlock Holmes, but will also demonstrate that he is more ambiguous, ambivalent and even subversive than his consoling conservative appeal might suggest.

year: 2013

title: Hangarau me te Māori: Māori and technology

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: Māori

abstract: A sign of a vibrant, healthy developing nation is the adaptation and uptake of new technologies. Māori have a long, but mostly unrecognised, history of ingenious innovation and adaption of new technologies. This chapter will reveal Māori ingenuity through discussion of historic examples and modern media usages by Māori, and the future implications these have for Māori.
Technology can be defined as tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of scientific knowledge. Māori technology, then, is Māori tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of Māori scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses some examples of innovative Māori technology and their adoption in both historic and modern times. It includes sections on historic Māori technology, Māori media innovation and Māori adoption of Internet technology. Two sections are further expanded on: Māori in social networking sites and te reo Māori in technology. The chapter concludes with the authors' thoughts on how the adoption of new technologies will shape tikanga Māori and te reo Māori into the future.

text: Hangarau me te Māori: Māori and technology A sign of a vibrant, healthy developing nation is the adaptation and uptake of new technologies. Māori have a long, but mostly unrecognised, history of ingenious innovation and adaption of new technologies. This chapter will reveal Māori ingenuity through discussion of historic examples and modern media usages by Māori, and the future implications these have for Māori.
Technology can be defined as tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of scientific knowledge. Māori technology, then, is Māori tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of Māori scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses some examples of innovative Māori technology and their adoption in both historic and modern times. It includes sections on historic Māori technology, Māori media innovation and Māori adoption of Internet technology. Two sections are further expanded on: Māori in social networking sites and te reo Māori in technology. The chapter concludes with the authors' thoughts on how the adoption of new technologies will shape tikanga Māori and te reo Māori into the future.

year: 2018