title: A study of zinc complexes of the metalloligand [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] of the type [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄ZnL]⁺ (L = bidentate chelating ligand)

authors: Henderson, William

subjects: platinum complexes

abstract: Reactions of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with zinc acetate and an ancillary chelating ligand L (HL = 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-tosylaminoquinoline or maltol) with added trimethylamine in methanol give new cationic platinum–zinc sulfide aggregates [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄ZnL]+, isolated as their BF4− salts. The complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, microelemental analysis, and an X-ray structure determination of the tosylamidoquinoline derivative [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄Zn(TAQ)]BF₄, which showed a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry at zinc. Additional examples, containing picolinate, dithiocarbamate, or dithiophosphinate ligands were also synthesized and partly characterized in order to demonstrate a wider range of available derivatives.

text: A study of zinc complexes of the metalloligand [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] of the type [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄ZnL]⁺ (L = bidentate chelating ligand) Reactions of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with zinc acetate and an ancillary chelating ligand L (HL = 8-hydroxyquinoline, 8-tosylaminoquinoline or maltol) with added trimethylamine in methanol give new cationic platinum–zinc sulfide aggregates [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄ZnL]+, isolated as their BF4− salts. The complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, ESI mass spectrometry, microelemental analysis, and an X-ray structure determination of the tosylamidoquinoline derivative [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄Zn(TAQ)]BF₄, which showed a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry at zinc. Additional examples, containing picolinate, dithiocarbamate, or dithiophosphinate ligands were also synthesized and partly characterized in order to demonstrate a wider range of available derivatives.

year: 2013

title: Selected Econometric Models of Social Capital Formation in New Zealand

authors: Roskruge, Matthew James

subjects: Economics

abstract: This thesis examines the factors contributing to the formation of social capital in New Zealand from three distinct angles. Each of these angles concerns a form of geographically referenced investment, either by individuals through settlement post-migration or their homeownership, or by local government investing in local social infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to provide the first empirical analysis of social capital formation within New Zealand and to contribute to the existing body of international literature on the subject in areas which have as yet received little or no attention.
The first aspect considered is the relationship between homeownership and social capital formation. Prior studies suggest that homeownership is positively related to social capital formation. However, many of these studies find it difficult to control adequately for personal attributes that may be correlated with homeownership while also impacting on social capital formation. The New Zealand Quality of Life survey provides data that enable analysis that controls for these selection effects with propensity score matching methods, while also benchmarking the results by means of regression methods. The results confirm that homeownership exerts positive impacts on the formation of social capital. Concurrently, homeownership demands greater accountability of local government and leads to reduced satisfaction with local government performance – thereby negatively bringing impact upon community social capital. Hence these two dimensions of housing-related social capital work in opposite directions from each other, a finding which has not been previously observed.
The role of immigration in social capital formation in New Zealand is the second aspect considered, an important issue for New Zealand given that a quarter of the population was born overseas. Using cross-sectional data from two separate surveys, the 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey and the 2008 New Zealand General Social Survey, this thesis evaluates the relationship connecting the birthplace of a migrant and the years since migration with social capital formation. It examines, through a range of regression methods, the factors influencing the stock of social capital held by migrants and the investment of social capital migrants undertake, where social capital investment is separated into bridging and bonding. This chapter finds that stocks of social capital are lowest for migrants in their new host country when they first migrate. This disadvantage appears to decrease over the first five years since migration. In addition, it shows region of birth to be an important factor, with noticeable heterogeneity between different migrant groups. Finally, the section finds that migrant clustering between regions decreases the formation of bridging social capital, while migrant clustering within regions increases the formation of bonding social capital.
Thirdly, the thesis investigates the role of local government investment in spatially fixed social capital infrastructure. To achieve this, it links unique data on local social infrastructure expenditure with micro-level individual survey data, which explores self-reported social capital measures of trust and participation in community activities. It uses both probit and tobit models to estimate the impact of social infrastructure expenditure on social capital formation. The results imply that the links between social capital, demographic characteristics, human capital, geography and public social infrastructure investment are more subtle and complex than much of the literature suggests. The analysis presents evidence in support of many of the hypothesized relationships discussed in the social capital literature. The results also suggest that both selection effects and free rider processes shape the impact of public social infrastructure investment.

text: Selected Econometric Models of Social Capital Formation in New Zealand This thesis examines the factors contributing to the formation of social capital in New Zealand from three distinct angles. Each of these angles concerns a form of geographically referenced investment, either by individuals through settlement post-migration or their homeownership, or by local government investing in local social infrastructure. The aim of this thesis is to provide the first empirical analysis of social capital formation within New Zealand and to contribute to the existing body of international literature on the subject in areas which have as yet received little or no attention.
The first aspect considered is the relationship between homeownership and social capital formation. Prior studies suggest that homeownership is positively related to social capital formation. However, many of these studies find it difficult to control adequately for personal attributes that may be correlated with homeownership while also impacting on social capital formation. The New Zealand Quality of Life survey provides data that enable analysis that controls for these selection effects with propensity score matching methods, while also benchmarking the results by means of regression methods. The results confirm that homeownership exerts positive impacts on the formation of social capital. Concurrently, homeownership demands greater accountability of local government and leads to reduced satisfaction with local government performance – thereby negatively bringing impact upon community social capital. Hence these two dimensions of housing-related social capital work in opposite directions from each other, a finding which has not been previously observed.
The role of immigration in social capital formation in New Zealand is the second aspect considered, an important issue for New Zealand given that a quarter of the population was born overseas. Using cross-sectional data from two separate surveys, the 2006 Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey and the 2008 New Zealand General Social Survey, this thesis evaluates the relationship connecting the birthplace of a migrant and the years since migration with social capital formation. It examines, through a range of regression methods, the factors influencing the stock of social capital held by migrants and the investment of social capital migrants undertake, where social capital investment is separated into bridging and bonding. This chapter finds that stocks of social capital are lowest for migrants in their new host country when they first migrate. This disadvantage appears to decrease over the first five years since migration. In addition, it shows region of birth to be an important factor, with noticeable heterogeneity between different migrant groups. Finally, the section finds that migrant clustering between regions decreases the formation of bridging social capital, while migrant clustering within regions increases the formation of bonding social capital.
Thirdly, the thesis investigates the role of local government investment in spatially fixed social capital infrastructure. To achieve this, it links unique data on local social infrastructure expenditure with micro-level individual survey data, which explores self-reported social capital measures of trust and participation in community activities. It uses both probit and tobit models to estimate the impact of social infrastructure expenditure on social capital formation. The results imply that the links between social capital, demographic characteristics, human capital, geography and public social infrastructure investment are more subtle and complex than much of the literature suggests. The analysis presents evidence in support of many of the hypothesized relationships discussed in the social capital literature. The results also suggest that both selection effects and free rider processes shape the impact of public social infrastructure investment.

year: 2013

title: School leadership for Māori succeeding as Māori: A Mataatua perspective

authors: Barrett, Te Arani

subjects: tribal leadership

abstract: This thesis recounts how Ngāti Awa leadership principles from the past became evident in Te Kotahitanga schools. The thesis discusses Principals’ actions and reflections of fostering Māori students’ success as Māori in secondary schooling. Through case studies, it identifies the strategies engaged by these effective leaders and explores their undertakings in achieving successful outcomes for Māori with whom they have worked.
This study is an imperative to addressing the long-term levels of education under-achievement for Māori as indigenous people of New Zealand. The nexus for the study comes from Robinson (2007) who identified that ‘in many ways the question of how much impact [school] leaders have on student outcomes is a flawed one, because the answer surely depends on what it is that leaders do’. Marzano et al  (2005) also identifies ‘the relative paucity of empirical studies’ and ‘little specific guidance as to effective practices in school leadership’.
The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution effective leaders have made towards realising Durie’s (2001) landmark goals for Māori advancement, that is, for self-determining prosperity, good health and global participation. Identifying exceptional outcomes for Māori in a range of contexts establishes the criteria for selecting the case studies and therefore the foundation for the study. Successful outcomes include increased participation, better retention, improved academic achievement results and lesser disparities within the selected education sites.

text: School leadership for Māori succeeding as Māori: A Mataatua perspective This thesis recounts how Ngāti Awa leadership principles from the past became evident in Te Kotahitanga schools. The thesis discusses Principals’ actions and reflections of fostering Māori students’ success as Māori in secondary schooling. Through case studies, it identifies the strategies engaged by these effective leaders and explores their undertakings in achieving successful outcomes for Māori with whom they have worked.
This study is an imperative to addressing the long-term levels of education under-achievement for Māori as indigenous people of New Zealand. The nexus for the study comes from Robinson (2007) who identified that ‘in many ways the question of how much impact [school] leaders have on student outcomes is a flawed one, because the answer surely depends on what it is that leaders do’. Marzano et al  (2005) also identifies ‘the relative paucity of empirical studies’ and ‘little specific guidance as to effective practices in school leadership’.
The purpose of this study is to identify the contribution effective leaders have made towards realising Durie’s (2001) landmark goals for Māori advancement, that is, for self-determining prosperity, good health and global participation. Identifying exceptional outcomes for Māori in a range of contexts establishes the criteria for selecting the case studies and therefore the foundation for the study. Successful outcomes include increased participation, better retention, improved academic achievement results and lesser disparities within the selected education sites.

year: 2018