title: Biological flora of New Zealand 12: Griselinia lucida, puka, akapuka, akakōpuka, shining broadleaf

authors: Bryan, Catherine Louise

subjects: biological flora

abstract: Information on the biology and ecology of Griselinia lucida (Forst. f.) (Griseliniaceae) available through published and unpublished sources is assembled and reviewed. G. lucida is a large shrub hemiepiphyte that grows primarily in trees of wet, lowland forests and also in open coastal and rocky outcrop habitats. Large, bright green, glossy leaves and grooved terrestrial roots that descend from the canopy make this species a very conspicuous member of New Zealand's endemic flora. G. lucida requires warm climates and high atmospheric moisture and is found throughout the North Island and in a limited area of the South Island. G. lucida is one of two native members of the Griselinia genus which includes five South American species. G. lucida is frequently associated with diverse and abundant epiphyte communities. The conservation and restoration of both epiphytic and terrestrial populations is important to ensure functionally diverse ecosystems and accordingly, it is recommended that this species be included in future forest ecological restoration.

text: Biological flora of New Zealand 12: Griselinia lucida, puka, akapuka, akakōpuka, shining broadleaf Information on the biology and ecology of Griselinia lucida (Forst. f.) (Griseliniaceae) available through published and unpublished sources is assembled and reviewed. G. lucida is a large shrub hemiepiphyte that grows primarily in trees of wet, lowland forests and also in open coastal and rocky outcrop habitats. Large, bright green, glossy leaves and grooved terrestrial roots that descend from the canopy make this species a very conspicuous member of New Zealand's endemic flora. G. lucida requires warm climates and high atmospheric moisture and is found throughout the North Island and in a limited area of the South Island. G. lucida is one of two native members of the Griselinia genus which includes five South American species. G. lucida is frequently associated with diverse and abundant epiphyte communities. The conservation and restoration of both epiphytic and terrestrial populations is important to ensure functionally diverse ecosystems and accordingly, it is recommended that this species be included in future forest ecological restoration.

year: 2011

title: The relationship between physiological and performance variables during a hot/humid international rugby sevens tournament

authors: Fenemor, Stephen Paul

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Purpose: To characterise core temperature (Tc) along with predictors of Tc during an international rugby sevens tournament played in hot/humid conditions. 

Methods: Tc was collected from 11 elite men’s rugby sevens athletes (age 24 ± 3 years) competing in the Oceania sevens tournament in Suva, Fiji. Game specific external load data [playing minutes, total running distance, high speed running distance (HSD)], psychrometric wet bulb temperature (WBTp) and exertional heat illness (EHI) symptoms were also collected. Cohen’s effect sizes (d) were used to assess differences in Tc across measurement periods was, while linear regression was used to assess the effect of external load and post warm-up Tc on peak game Tc.
 
Results: Compared to baseline on both tournament days, mean Tc was higher at all subsequent time-points, including between games (all d > 1.30). On both tournament days, eight athletes (~73%) reached a peak game Tc > 39.0 °C. with several athletes reaching > 39.0 °C during warm-ups. The final game of the tournament recorded the highest mean peak Tc (39.1 ± 0.3 °C). Mean Tc was related to playing minutes, total running distance, HSD, and post warm-up Tc (all p < 0.01). 

Conclusions: Tc during warm-ups and games regularly exceeded those demonstrated to be detrimental to repeated sprint performance (> 39 °C). Warm-up Tc represents the easiest predictor of game peak Tc to control via the use of appropriate pre- and per-cooling strategies. Practitioners should be prepared to modulate warm-ups and other heat preparation strategies based on likely environmental conditions faced in these tournaments.

text: The relationship between physiological and performance variables during a hot/humid international rugby sevens tournament Purpose: To characterise core temperature (Tc) along with predictors of Tc during an international rugby sevens tournament played in hot/humid conditions. 

Methods: Tc was collected from 11 elite men’s rugby sevens athletes (age 24 ± 3 years) competing in the Oceania sevens tournament in Suva, Fiji. Game specific external load data [playing minutes, total running distance, high speed running distance (HSD)], psychrometric wet bulb temperature (WBTp) and exertional heat illness (EHI) symptoms were also collected. Cohen’s effect sizes (d) were used to assess differences in Tc across measurement periods was, while linear regression was used to assess the effect of external load and post warm-up Tc on peak game Tc.
 
Results: Compared to baseline on both tournament days, mean Tc was higher at all subsequent time-points, including between games (all d > 1.30). On both tournament days, eight athletes (~73%) reached a peak game Tc > 39.0 °C. with several athletes reaching > 39.0 °C during warm-ups. The final game of the tournament recorded the highest mean peak Tc (39.1 ± 0.3 °C). Mean Tc was related to playing minutes, total running distance, HSD, and post warm-up Tc (all p < 0.01). 

Conclusions: Tc during warm-ups and games regularly exceeded those demonstrated to be detrimental to repeated sprint performance (> 39 °C). Warm-up Tc represents the easiest predictor of game peak Tc to control via the use of appropriate pre- and per-cooling strategies. Practitioners should be prepared to modulate warm-ups and other heat preparation strategies based on likely environmental conditions faced in these tournaments.

year: 2021-09-22

title: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Haka. Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group) (3mins)

Waiata ā Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Pinepine Te Kura, Hau Te Kura
Mōteatea: Te Ao o Te Pārerā
Waiata ā Ringa: E pā to reo, Te Matatini, Herewini Parata
Poi: E ia e ia
Haka: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara
Whakawātea: Ōranga Tōiti, tōnui kōrero

text: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara Haka. Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group) (3mins)

Waiata ā Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Pinepine Te Kura, Hau Te Kura
Mōteatea: Te Ao o Te Pārerā
Waiata ā Ringa: E pā to reo, Te Matatini, Herewini Parata
Poi: E ia e ia
Haka: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara
Whakawātea: Ōranga Tōiti, tōnui kōrero

year: 2023-02-22