title: Use of cyclometallated PdCl[PPh₂CH₂CH₂CHCH₂CH₂PPh₂] as a precursor to homo and heterometallic species directed by ESMS (Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry)

authors: Neo, Kian Eang

subjects: chemistry

abstract: The cyclometallated Pd compound PdCl[PPh₂CH₂CH₂CHCH₂CH₂PPh₂] 1, obtained from PdCl₂(Ph₂P(CH₂)₅PPh₂) in refluxing DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), was characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The cyclometallation of MCl₂(Ph₂P(CH₂)₅PPh₂)(M = Pd, Pt) to give 1 and its Pt(II) analogue was probed using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESMS). The reactivity of 1 towards neutral ligands such as phosphines and pyridines as well as basic metal complexes such as pyridine-thiolate compounds of Au(I), Hg(II) and Pt(II) in solution was also investigated. The results showed that the chloride trans to the Pd–C bond is susceptible to ligand replacement. A number of entry metalloligands was examined in an attempt to establish a route to cyclometallated aggregates and clusters.

text: Use of cyclometallated PdCl[PPh₂CH₂CH₂CHCH₂CH₂PPh₂] as a precursor to homo and heterometallic species directed by ESMS (Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry) The cyclometallated Pd compound PdCl[PPh₂CH₂CH₂CHCH₂CH₂PPh₂] 1, obtained from PdCl₂(Ph₂P(CH₂)₅PPh₂) in refluxing DMF (N,N-dimethylformamide), was characterized by NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The cyclometallation of MCl₂(Ph₂P(CH₂)₅PPh₂)(M = Pd, Pt) to give 1 and its Pt(II) analogue was probed using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESMS). The reactivity of 1 towards neutral ligands such as phosphines and pyridines as well as basic metal complexes such as pyridine-thiolate compounds of Au(I), Hg(II) and Pt(II) in solution was also investigated. The results showed that the chloride trans to the Pd–C bond is susceptible to ligand replacement. A number of entry metalloligands was examined in an attempt to establish a route to cyclometallated aggregates and clusters.

year: 2004

title: A kraft mill-integrated hydrothermal liquefaction process for liquid fuel co-production

authors: Ong, Benjamin H.Y.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: There is a growing awareness of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel. With the market pull for the growth in sustainable and renewable alternative energy, the challenge is to develop cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy alternatives for all energy sectors, of which transport fuels are one significant area. This work presents a summary of novel methods for integrating kraft mills with a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The application of these methods has resulted in a proposed kraft mill-integrated design that produces a liquid fuel and could provide net mitigation of 64.6 kg CO2-e/GJ, compared to conventional petrol and diesel fuels, at a minimum fuel selling price of 1.12–1.38 NZD/LGE of fuel, based on the case study. This paper concludes that a hydrothermal liquefaction process with product upgrading has promising economic potential and environmental benefits that are significantly amplified by integrating with an existing kraft mill. At the current global kraft pulp production rate, if each kraft mill transforms into a biorefinery based on hydrothermal liquefaction, the biofuel production is an estimated 290 Mt (9.9 EJ).

text: A kraft mill-integrated hydrothermal liquefaction process for liquid fuel co-production There is a growing awareness of the need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and the inevitable depletion of fossil fuel. With the market pull for the growth in sustainable and renewable alternative energy, the challenge is to develop cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy alternatives for all energy sectors, of which transport fuels are one significant area. This work presents a summary of novel methods for integrating kraft mills with a hydrothermal liquefaction process. The application of these methods has resulted in a proposed kraft mill-integrated design that produces a liquid fuel and could provide net mitigation of 64.6 kg CO2-e/GJ, compared to conventional petrol and diesel fuels, at a minimum fuel selling price of 1.12–1.38 NZD/LGE of fuel, based on the case study. This paper concludes that a hydrothermal liquefaction process with product upgrading has promising economic potential and environmental benefits that are significantly amplified by integrating with an existing kraft mill. At the current global kraft pulp production rate, if each kraft mill transforms into a biorefinery based on hydrothermal liquefaction, the biofuel production is an estimated 290 Mt (9.9 EJ).

year: 2020

title: Indigenous psychology in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia

authors: Waitoki, Waikaremoana

subjects: Psychology

abstract: In Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia, the development of Indigenous psychology is a response to the resilience of a colonised people, where the gaze of Western imperialism is ever present. The use of esoteric, ceremonial, environmental, and relational knowledge is included to counter balance the individualism inherent in mainstream psychology. Across both countries, connections to ancestors, land, language, customs and relationships are important. Dudgeon’s Social and Emotional Wellbeing model offers a transformative lens for addressing the significant disparities that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ experience. While Māori wellbeing includes healthy relationships between physical, psychological, community, spirituality and environment domains. The chapter promotes a reclamation of Indigenous knowledge systems that, if not protected and promoted, could be lost from their cultural home.

text: Indigenous psychology in Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia In Aotearoa/New Zealand and Australia, the development of Indigenous psychology is a response to the resilience of a colonised people, where the gaze of Western imperialism is ever present. The use of esoteric, ceremonial, environmental, and relational knowledge is included to counter balance the individualism inherent in mainstream psychology. Across both countries, connections to ancestors, land, language, customs and relationships are important. Dudgeon’s Social and Emotional Wellbeing model offers a transformative lens for addressing the significant disparities that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ experience. While Māori wellbeing includes healthy relationships between physical, psychological, community, spirituality and environment domains. The chapter promotes a reclamation of Indigenous knowledge systems that, if not protected and promoted, could be lost from their cultural home.

year: 2018