title: Dithiolate and diselenolate complexes [Pt₂(μ-ECH₂CH CHCH₂E)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺(E = S, Se): Synthesis, characterisation and mass spectrometric formation of the dichalcogenide species [Pt₂(μ-E₂)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺

authors: Devoy, Sarah M.

subjects: Platinum complexes

abstract: The reactions of [Pt₂(μ-E)₂(PPh₃)₄] (E = S, Se) with cis-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (cis-ClCH2CH=CHCH₂Cl) gives the dichalcogenolate complexes [Pt₂(μ-ECH₂CH=CHCH₂E)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺; an X-ray structure determination on the thiolate complex was carried out. The complexes give the expected dications in ESI mass spectra recorded at very low cone voltages, but at moderate cone voltages undergo facile fragmentation via a retro-Diels-Alder reaction and loss of 1,3-butadiene, giving the dichalcogenide species [Pt₂(μ-E₂)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺. Analogous species containing bidentate phosphine or arsine ligands have been previously generated electrochemically, and studied theoretically.

text: Dithiolate and diselenolate complexes [Pt₂(μ-ECH₂CH CHCH₂E)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺(E = S, Se): Synthesis, characterisation and mass spectrometric formation of the dichalcogenide species [Pt₂(μ-E₂)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺ The reactions of [Pt₂(μ-E)₂(PPh₃)₄] (E = S, Se) with cis-1,4-dichlorobut-2-ene (cis-ClCH2CH=CHCH₂Cl) gives the dichalcogenolate complexes [Pt₂(μ-ECH₂CH=CHCH₂E)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺; an X-ray structure determination on the thiolate complex was carried out. The complexes give the expected dications in ESI mass spectra recorded at very low cone voltages, but at moderate cone voltages undergo facile fragmentation via a retro-Diels-Alder reaction and loss of 1,3-butadiene, giving the dichalcogenide species [Pt₂(μ-E₂)(PPh₃)₄]²⁺. Analogous species containing bidentate phosphine or arsine ligands have been previously generated electrochemically, and studied theoretically.

year: 2009

title: Growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus in response to different phosphorus concentrations in water

authors: Wang, Lei

subjects: carbohydrate

abstract: The vegetative growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus, a submersed aquatic macrophyte, was investigated under a range of phosphorus (P) concentrations (0. 025, 0. 25, 2. 5 and 25 mg P L⁻¹) in the ambient water free of algae, aiming to identify the responses of submersed aquatic macrophytes to nutrient enrichment, a common eutrophication problem in China and worldwide. Plant growth was not affected by different P concentrations in terms of biomass accumulation of stems and leaves. However, the contents of chlorophyll a and starch in plants decreased with increasing water P levels, whereas chlorophyll b and carotenoids declined with P level ranging from 0. 025 to 2. 5 mg P L⁻¹. The soluble sugar content decreased when water P concentration increased up to 2. 5 mg L⁻¹. The P content in plants increased with increasing water P levels, whereas plant N content decreased and soluble protein increased when water P concentration increased over 0. 25 mg L⁻¹, implying that P. crispus may have modified its metabolism to adapt to water P availability. When P concentration increased to 25 mg L⁻¹, the number and dry matter production of turions per plant decreased significantly. Meanwhile, there was a significant reduction in turion weight and the accumulations of soluble sugar and starch in turion, when water P concentration was over 0. 25 mg L⁻¹. The results suggest that turion formation in P. crispus is sensitive to P concentration in the ambient water, and high P levels may lead to decreases in P. crispus populations due to the decline in turion production.

text: Growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus in response to different phosphorus concentrations in water The vegetative growth and turion formation of Potamogeton crispus, a submersed aquatic macrophyte, was investigated under a range of phosphorus (P) concentrations (0. 025, 0. 25, 2. 5 and 25 mg P L⁻¹) in the ambient water free of algae, aiming to identify the responses of submersed aquatic macrophytes to nutrient enrichment, a common eutrophication problem in China and worldwide. Plant growth was not affected by different P concentrations in terms of biomass accumulation of stems and leaves. However, the contents of chlorophyll a and starch in plants decreased with increasing water P levels, whereas chlorophyll b and carotenoids declined with P level ranging from 0. 025 to 2. 5 mg P L⁻¹. The soluble sugar content decreased when water P concentration increased up to 2. 5 mg L⁻¹. The P content in plants increased with increasing water P levels, whereas plant N content decreased and soluble protein increased when water P concentration increased over 0. 25 mg L⁻¹, implying that P. crispus may have modified its metabolism to adapt to water P availability. When P concentration increased to 25 mg L⁻¹, the number and dry matter production of turions per plant decreased significantly. Meanwhile, there was a significant reduction in turion weight and the accumulations of soluble sugar and starch in turion, when water P concentration was over 0. 25 mg L⁻¹. The results suggest that turion formation in P. crispus is sensitive to P concentration in the ambient water, and high P levels may lead to decreases in P. crispus populations due to the decline in turion production.

year: 2013

title: Hoea a mai tōu waka – Claiming spaces for Māori tamariki and rangatahi in cognitive behaviour therapy

authors: Cargo, Tania

subjects: Maori

abstract: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic intervention for a variety of psychological difficulties for children and youth (Barrett, Healey-Farrell, March, 2004; Stulemeijer, de Jong, Fiselier, Hoogveld, Bleijenberg, 2005; Butler, Chapman, Forman & Beck, 2006). However there is very little literature on its utility with indigenous children or youth, most of the literature has tended to look at “minority” populations and has focused on psychological outcomes (Weersing & Weisz, 2002; McNeil, Capage, Bennett, 2002).

text: Hoea a mai tōu waka – Claiming spaces for Māori tamariki and rangatahi in cognitive behaviour therapy Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) has been shown to be an effective therapeutic intervention for a variety of psychological difficulties for children and youth (Barrett, Healey-Farrell, March, 2004; Stulemeijer, de Jong, Fiselier, Hoogveld, Bleijenberg, 2005; Butler, Chapman, Forman & Beck, 2006). However there is very little literature on its utility with indigenous children or youth, most of the literature has tended to look at “minority” populations and has focused on psychological outcomes (Weersing & Weisz, 2002; McNeil, Capage, Bennett, 2002).

year: 2008