title: Effect of hot isostatic pressing on mechanical properties of Fe₄₁Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂Co₇ BMG

authors: Chen, Qingjun

subjects: Bulk metallic glass

abstract: Fe-based bulk amorphous rods of 3 mm in diameter and a composition of Fe₄₁Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂Co₇ were produced by copper mold casting. The as-cast amorphous rods contain a small (2%) fraction of pores. To close the pores, samples cut from the amorphous rods were hot isostatically pressed (hipped) at 863 K, which is in the supercooled liquid temperature range between the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase, and under a pressure of 200 Mpa. Microstructure examination of the hipped samples shows that hipping results in an increase of the density of the samples from 7.9 g/cm³ to 8.0 g/cm³, and a decrease of the porosity level from 2% to 1%, and that a very small fraction of unknown crystalline phase form. As a result of these microstructure change caused by hipping, the average room temperature compressive fracture strength of the bulk metallic glass (BMG) decrease from 3500 Mpa to 3000 MPa, while the strain to fracture changes little from 1.5% to 1.4%. The mechanisms of the effect of hipping on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe-based BMG are discussed.

text: Effect of hot isostatic pressing on mechanical properties of Fe₄₁Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂Co₇ BMG Fe-based bulk amorphous rods of 3 mm in diameter and a composition of Fe₄₁Cr₁₅Mo₁₄C₁₅B₆Y₂Co₇ were produced by copper mold casting. The as-cast amorphous rods contain a small (2%) fraction of pores. To close the pores, samples cut from the amorphous rods were hot isostatically pressed (hipped) at 863 K, which is in the supercooled liquid temperature range between the glass transition temperature and the crystallization temperature of the amorphous phase, and under a pressure of 200 Mpa. Microstructure examination of the hipped samples shows that hipping results in an increase of the density of the samples from 7.9 g/cm³ to 8.0 g/cm³, and a decrease of the porosity level from 2% to 1%, and that a very small fraction of unknown crystalline phase form. As a result of these microstructure change caused by hipping, the average room temperature compressive fracture strength of the bulk metallic glass (BMG) decrease from 3500 Mpa to 3000 MPa, while the strain to fracture changes little from 1.5% to 1.4%. The mechanisms of the effect of hipping on microstructure and mechanical properties of the Fe-based BMG are discussed.

year: 2006

title: Random convolution ensembles

authors: Mayo, Michael

subjects: computer science

abstract: A novel method for creating diverse ensembles of image classifiers is proposed. The idea is that, for each base image classifier in the ensemble, a random image transformation is generated and applied to all of the images in the labeled training set. The base classifiers are then learned using features extracted from these randomly transformed versions of the training data, and the result is a highly diverse ensemble of image classifiers. This approach is evaluated on a benchmark pedestrian detection dataset and shown to be effective.

text: Random convolution ensembles A novel method for creating diverse ensembles of image classifiers is proposed. The idea is that, for each base image classifier in the ensemble, a random image transformation is generated and applied to all of the images in the labeled training set. The base classifiers are then learned using features extracted from these randomly transformed versions of the training data, and the result is a highly diverse ensemble of image classifiers. This approach is evaluated on a benchmark pedestrian detection dataset and shown to be effective.

year: 2007

title: Haumanu Hauora: refining public health institution policy to include Māori and climate change

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

abstract: The deepening climate crisis generates specific impacts that will exacerbate the already disproportionately negative health outcomes experienced by Indigenous people. Disparate health outcomes have not spontaneously emerged, but rather have been foreshadowed by existing inequities. This article summarizes a sample of the work from a two-year research project in Aotearoa New Zealand to understand existing policy processes and ascertain the extent to which health institutions give serious consideration to climate change impacts on Māori (Indigenous people) with health vulnerabilities. Speaking to tāngata whenua (Indigenous Māori), District Health Board (DHB) employees, and subject matter experts (SMEs), it was clear that policy processes were ad hoc and problematically silenced consistent Māori input. While research participants expressed their experiences of, and aspirations for, dealing with climate change, their voices were not evident in DHB policy development processes. The deficit within existing policy process reflects a lack of preparedness in the face of climate change. Despite clear resilience and adaptation strategies, structural change is needed to address identified disadvantages. Through a co-designed policy framework (“Haumanu Hauora”), we guide policy formation to mitigate climate change risk to Māori (and others). Central to the revised policy framework is the creation of space for both internal and external Māori voices to ensure consistent Māori input throughout the policy process. We also introduce a commissioning, refining, and monitoring stage (that includes evaluation). Haumanu Hauora considers whānau-centered healthcare knowledge, needs, resources, and aspirations, to contribute to a transformed and responsive health system. Above all, we believe that strengthening health institution responsiveness to Māori health needs is essential.

text: Haumanu Hauora: refining public health institution policy to include Māori and climate change The deepening climate crisis generates specific impacts that will exacerbate the already disproportionately negative health outcomes experienced by Indigenous people. Disparate health outcomes have not spontaneously emerged, but rather have been foreshadowed by existing inequities. This article summarizes a sample of the work from a two-year research project in Aotearoa New Zealand to understand existing policy processes and ascertain the extent to which health institutions give serious consideration to climate change impacts on Māori (Indigenous people) with health vulnerabilities. Speaking to tāngata whenua (Indigenous Māori), District Health Board (DHB) employees, and subject matter experts (SMEs), it was clear that policy processes were ad hoc and problematically silenced consistent Māori input. While research participants expressed their experiences of, and aspirations for, dealing with climate change, their voices were not evident in DHB policy development processes. The deficit within existing policy process reflects a lack of preparedness in the face of climate change. Despite clear resilience and adaptation strategies, structural change is needed to address identified disadvantages. Through a co-designed policy framework (“Haumanu Hauora”), we guide policy formation to mitigate climate change risk to Māori (and others). Central to the revised policy framework is the creation of space for both internal and external Māori voices to ensure consistent Māori input throughout the policy process. We also introduce a commissioning, refining, and monitoring stage (that includes evaluation). Haumanu Hauora considers whānau-centered healthcare knowledge, needs, resources, and aspirations, to contribute to a transformed and responsive health system. Above all, we believe that strengthening health institution responsiveness to Māori health needs is essential.

year: 2023-05-05