title: Social capital and accountability in grass-roots NGOs: The case of the Ugandan community-led HIV/AIDS initiative

authors: Awio, Godwin

subjects: non-governmental organizations

abstract: Purpose – This paper aims to examine how small, grass-roots non-governmental organisations (NGOs) account for their actions and expenditures and how this accountability is discharged to, and benefits, the citizens they serve.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on social capital theory to inform an interpretive analysis of documentary and interview evidence. The empirical material is derived from CHAI policy and project documents, coupled with interviews with 75 participants at the national, district and community levels of the CHAI programme. An illustrative case study is presented of an NGO that delivers welfare services to a Ugandan community affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Findings – The research finds that, by harnessing the attributes of social capital, grass-roots NGOs can supplement formal accountability obligations to funders with effective “bottom-up” accountability to an often overlooked NGO stakeholder group – the service beneficiaries, with positive outcomes for social services delivery.
Research limitations/implications – The research examines a single community-led public welfare initiative (the Ugandan CHAI), with a particular focus on one illustrative grass-roots NGO within that programme. Nevertheless, it offers insights into how accountability mechanisms can be reconceptualised to suit the context of developing countries where smaller NGOs increasingly operate.
Practical implications – The potential for less formal, “bottom-up” accountability mechanisms is illustrated using the case of the Ugandan community-led HIV/AIDS initiative (CHAI), a programme for delivering social services to communities ravaged by the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Originality/value – This research addresses the lack of empirical studies of smaller, grass-roots NGOs in the accounting literature. It also contributes to the under-researched area of how NGOs can appropriately discharge their accountability obligations to beneficiaries. The use of social capital theory to inform the study is also a novel contribution of this paper.

text: Social capital and accountability in grass-roots NGOs: The case of the Ugandan community-led HIV/AIDS initiative Purpose – This paper aims to examine how small, grass-roots non-governmental organisations (NGOs) account for their actions and expenditures and how this accountability is discharged to, and benefits, the citizens they serve.
Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on social capital theory to inform an interpretive analysis of documentary and interview evidence. The empirical material is derived from CHAI policy and project documents, coupled with interviews with 75 participants at the national, district and community levels of the CHAI programme. An illustrative case study is presented of an NGO that delivers welfare services to a Ugandan community affected by the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Findings – The research finds that, by harnessing the attributes of social capital, grass-roots NGOs can supplement formal accountability obligations to funders with effective “bottom-up” accountability to an often overlooked NGO stakeholder group – the service beneficiaries, with positive outcomes for social services delivery.
Research limitations/implications – The research examines a single community-led public welfare initiative (the Ugandan CHAI), with a particular focus on one illustrative grass-roots NGO within that programme. Nevertheless, it offers insights into how accountability mechanisms can be reconceptualised to suit the context of developing countries where smaller NGOs increasingly operate.
Practical implications – The potential for less formal, “bottom-up” accountability mechanisms is illustrated using the case of the Ugandan community-led HIV/AIDS initiative (CHAI), a programme for delivering social services to communities ravaged by the effects of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
Originality/value – This research addresses the lack of empirical studies of smaller, grass-roots NGOs in the accounting literature. It also contributes to the under-researched area of how NGOs can appropriately discharge their accountability obligations to beneficiaries. The use of social capital theory to inform the study is also a novel contribution of this paper.

year: 2011

title: Advancement in the pressureless sintering of CP titanium using high-frequency induction heating

authors: Raynova, Stiliana (Stella) Rousseva

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: High-frequency induction heating is applied as an alternative heating source for pressureless sintering of commercially pure Ti powders, aiming to intensify the sintering process. The effects of the process parameters on the properties of the sintered material are systematically studied. The initial powder compact density is the most influential parameter permitting sintered structures with highly porous to almost fully dense appearance. Short heating time combined with sintering to temperatures just above the β-transus resulted in a strong diffusion bonding between the Ti powder particles, and grain growth is observed at the former boundaries of the neighboring powder particles. The dimpled appearance of the fracture surface at those regions confirmed the strong metallic interparticle bonding. Tensile properties comparable to those of Ti-Grade 3 and Ti-Grade 4 are achieved, which also demonstrates the efficiency of the induction sintering process. A mechanism explaining the fast and efficient sintering is proposed. The process has the added advantage of minimizing the oxygen pickup.

text: Advancement in the pressureless sintering of CP titanium using high-frequency induction heating High-frequency induction heating is applied as an alternative heating source for pressureless sintering of commercially pure Ti powders, aiming to intensify the sintering process. The effects of the process parameters on the properties of the sintered material are systematically studied. The initial powder compact density is the most influential parameter permitting sintered structures with highly porous to almost fully dense appearance. Short heating time combined with sintering to temperatures just above the β-transus resulted in a strong diffusion bonding between the Ti powder particles, and grain growth is observed at the former boundaries of the neighboring powder particles. The dimpled appearance of the fracture surface at those regions confirmed the strong metallic interparticle bonding. Tensile properties comparable to those of Ti-Grade 3 and Ti-Grade 4 are achieved, which also demonstrates the efficiency of the induction sintering process. A mechanism explaining the fast and efficient sintering is proposed. The process has the added advantage of minimizing the oxygen pickup.

year: 2019

title: The social meaning potential of loanwords: Empirical explorations of lexical borrowing as expression of (social) identity

authors: Zenner, Eline

abstract: The use of loanwords is not merely a lexical act (filling a lexical gap in a given language, or using a shorter word in place of a longer expression) but also a socially meaningful one – a contextual expression of self, social identity and language regard. Recent lexical borrowing research has drawn attention to this social meaning potential of loanwords. What motivates language users to select a borrowed form over a receptor language equivalent, what is the (perceived) social meaning of this choice and how can we empirically address these questions? This special issue seeks to bring into debate the interface between speakers (the social dimension) and language (the linguistic dimension) with regard to lexical borrowing, and to probe how language regard and speaker identity influence and explain the use of loanwords. In a bid to better understand this complex interface, the special issue includes papers that explore a range of empirical methodologies drawn from different subfields of (socio)linguistics and closely related scientific domains (linguistic anthropology, conversation analysis, corpus linguistics, social psychology and psycholinguistics) and documents a variety of contact situations: English loans into French and Finnish, Māori loanwords into New Zealand English, German loans into Dutch. Together, the different perspectives presented in this issue help advance our understanding of the relationship between lexical change on the one hand, and language regard and (social) identity on the other hand.

text: The social meaning potential of loanwords: Empirical explorations of lexical borrowing as expression of (social) identity The use of loanwords is not merely a lexical act (filling a lexical gap in a given language, or using a shorter word in place of a longer expression) but also a socially meaningful one – a contextual expression of self, social identity and language regard. Recent lexical borrowing research has drawn attention to this social meaning potential of loanwords. What motivates language users to select a borrowed form over a receptor language equivalent, what is the (perceived) social meaning of this choice and how can we empirically address these questions? This special issue seeks to bring into debate the interface between speakers (the social dimension) and language (the linguistic dimension) with regard to lexical borrowing, and to probe how language regard and speaker identity influence and explain the use of loanwords. In a bid to better understand this complex interface, the special issue includes papers that explore a range of empirical methodologies drawn from different subfields of (socio)linguistics and closely related scientific domains (linguistic anthropology, conversation analysis, corpus linguistics, social psychology and psycholinguistics) and documents a variety of contact situations: English loans into French and Finnish, Māori loanwords into New Zealand English, German loans into Dutch. Together, the different perspectives presented in this issue help advance our understanding of the relationship between lexical change on the one hand, and language regard and (social) identity on the other hand.

year: 2019