title: The impact of the Papua New Guinea Free Education Policy on the School Executive's Decision Making in the management of Class SIze

authors: Abady, Roddy

abstract: The Papua New Guinea National Government’s directives on educational policies are expected to be implemented effectively throughout the country, in educational institutions that are solely or partly funded by the government. The Free Education Policy (FEP), also known as Tuition Fee Free Policy (TFFP) is a governmental directive that is implemented in elementary, primary and secondary schools. The implementation of FEP is perceived as a device for fulfilling the National Government’s Universal Basic Education (UBE) Plan (Guy, 2009; Swan & Walton, 2014) that aims to provide formal education for children between the ages of six and eighteen. The 2012 implementation of FEP in secondary schools, created a significant increase in student population thus (Marshall, 2002) creating class sizes to exceed forty-eight students. 
This study was conducted to explore how classroom teachers are assisted by school leaders in the management of large class sizes as influenced by FEP. Participants included ten school leaders from two separate secondary schools which are currently implementing FEP in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea. 
A qualitative research methodology was used, based on the interpretivist paradigm. Guided questions were deliberated and utilised in collecting data through semi-structured and focus group interviews. The data was collated then analysed thematically. The findings indicate that school leaders are very much challenged in assisting classroom teachers manage large class sizes. The main factors that appear to undermine the success of effectively assisting classroom teachers are inadequate facilities, insufficient resource materials and the shortage of teachers. The amount of time classroom teachers have for classroom preparations and presentations are also encumbered by the number of classes with large class sizes.
It was apparent that while the National Government’s directive of FEP gives an opportunity for all school aged children to receive formal education, there are setbacks that impede effective implementation of this policy specifically in secondary schools. The implications suggest that as specialised teachers, classroom teachers need to be assisted in managing classes in overcrowded classrooms.

text: The impact of the Papua New Guinea Free Education Policy on the School Executive's Decision Making in the management of Class SIze The Papua New Guinea National Government’s directives on educational policies are expected to be implemented effectively throughout the country, in educational institutions that are solely or partly funded by the government. The Free Education Policy (FEP), also known as Tuition Fee Free Policy (TFFP) is a governmental directive that is implemented in elementary, primary and secondary schools. The implementation of FEP is perceived as a device for fulfilling the National Government’s Universal Basic Education (UBE) Plan (Guy, 2009; Swan & Walton, 2014) that aims to provide formal education for children between the ages of six and eighteen. The 2012 implementation of FEP in secondary schools, created a significant increase in student population thus (Marshall, 2002) creating class sizes to exceed forty-eight students. 
This study was conducted to explore how classroom teachers are assisted by school leaders in the management of large class sizes as influenced by FEP. Participants included ten school leaders from two separate secondary schools which are currently implementing FEP in the National Capital District of Papua New Guinea. 
A qualitative research methodology was used, based on the interpretivist paradigm. Guided questions were deliberated and utilised in collecting data through semi-structured and focus group interviews. The data was collated then analysed thematically. The findings indicate that school leaders are very much challenged in assisting classroom teachers manage large class sizes. The main factors that appear to undermine the success of effectively assisting classroom teachers are inadequate facilities, insufficient resource materials and the shortage of teachers. The amount of time classroom teachers have for classroom preparations and presentations are also encumbered by the number of classes with large class sizes.
It was apparent that while the National Government’s directive of FEP gives an opportunity for all school aged children to receive formal education, there are setbacks that impede effective implementation of this policy specifically in secondary schools. The implications suggest that as specialised teachers, classroom teachers need to be assisted in managing classes in overcrowded classrooms.

year: 2015

title: Chaos and irregularity in karst percolation

authors: Mariethoz, Gregoire

subjects: Australia

abstract: This paper focuses on analyzing chaos in cave percolation water drip rates, which has implications for flow routing in fractured media and on the use of speleothems for paleoclimate reconstructions. It has been shown that the physics of dripping faucets involve a set of non-linear equations leading to chaotic drip rate, meaning that, for a given drip rate, the interval between individual drops can vary greatly. It can be expected that drip waters supplying stalagmites show similar properties, and consequently the dependency between water flux and stalagmite growth rate or geochemistry could be more complicated than usually assumed. We used high-frequency monitoring of two contrasting drips in a cave in Australia, and identified chaos in cave drip rate. Our findings also indicate that the occurrence of chaos can give insights into flow routing in fractured media.

text: Chaos and irregularity in karst percolation This paper focuses on analyzing chaos in cave percolation water drip rates, which has implications for flow routing in fractured media and on the use of speleothems for paleoclimate reconstructions. It has been shown that the physics of dripping faucets involve a set of non-linear equations leading to chaotic drip rate, meaning that, for a given drip rate, the interval between individual drops can vary greatly. It can be expected that drip waters supplying stalagmites show similar properties, and consequently the dependency between water flux and stalagmite growth rate or geochemistry could be more complicated than usually assumed. We used high-frequency monitoring of two contrasting drips in a cave in Australia, and identified chaos in cave drip rate. Our findings also indicate that the occurrence of chaos can give insights into flow routing in fractured media.

year: 2012

title: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2015

authors: Waitoki, Waikaremoana

abstract: The Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) was established in August of 1997. The Unit acts as a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Māori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the School of Psychology, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the wider University and general community.

text: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2015 The Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) was established in August of 1997. The Unit acts as a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Māori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the School of Psychology, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the wider University and general community.

year: 2015