title: Crystal structure of (η⁵ pentamethylcyclopentadienyl){bis(pentafluorophenyl)×thiomethylphenyl phosphine-κ₂ S,P)chloro-iridium(III) tetrafluoroborate

authors: Bellabarba, R. M.

subjects: conglomerate

abstract: The salt (η⁵-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl){bis(pentafluorophenyl)thiomethylphenylphosphine-κ₂ S,P)chloroiridium(III) tetrafluoroborate, [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)IrCl{κ₂ S,P-(C₆F₅)₂PC₆H₄SMe-2}]BF₄, crystallizes as a conglomerate in the orthorhombic crystal system in space group P2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parameters a = 9.9621(9) Å, b = 16.7793(15) Å, c = 18.5040(16) Å, V = 3093.1(5) Å³, Z = 4, d calc = 2.014 g•cm⁻³. The structure of the S Ir, S S stereoisomer reveals three-legged piano stool geometry about Ir, with Cp*-Ir, Ir-P, Ir-S and Ir-Cl distances of 1.847(5) Å, 2.2791(14) Å, 2.3451(13) Å, and 2.3840(12) Å respectively.

text: Crystal structure of (η⁵ pentamethylcyclopentadienyl){bis(pentafluorophenyl)×thiomethylphenyl phosphine-κ₂ S,P)chloro-iridium(III) tetrafluoroborate The salt (η⁵-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl){bis(pentafluorophenyl)thiomethylphenylphosphine-κ₂ S,P)chloroiridium(III) tetrafluoroborate, [(η⁵-C₅Me₅)IrCl{κ₂ S,P-(C₆F₅)₂PC₆H₄SMe-2}]BF₄, crystallizes as a conglomerate in the orthorhombic crystal system in space group P2₁2₁2₁ with unit cell parameters a = 9.9621(9) Å, b = 16.7793(15) Å, c = 18.5040(16) Å, V = 3093.1(5) Å³, Z = 4, d calc = 2.014 g•cm⁻³. The structure of the S Ir, S S stereoisomer reveals three-legged piano stool geometry about Ir, with Cp*-Ir, Ir-P, Ir-S and Ir-Cl distances of 1.847(5) Å, 2.2791(14) Å, 2.3451(13) Å, and 2.3840(12) Å respectively.

year: 2013

title: Does invasiveness predict competition outcomes between ecologically similar invasive blowflies?

authors: Nunn, Daniel

abstract: Biological invasion is a complex puzzle, and its significance is at an all-time high. Current research highlights that the success of invasive species is partly due to their superior performance in key behavioural traits, such as aggression and boldness, especially when compared to ecologically similar native species. However, less attention has been given to differences in these traits among invasive species themselves. Not all invaders are created equal; they vary in their degree of invasiveness, often characterised by the extent of their global spread. If behavioural traits are crucial for invasiveness, it stands to reason that more invasive species - those with greater success - should outperform less invasive ones.

I tested this hypothesis using larval competition between differentially invasive blowfly species. Calliphora stygia has a limited distribution, found only in Australia and New Zealand, whereas Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina (Lucilia spp.) are invaders with almost global distributions. Under direct laboratory competition, the highly invasive Lucilia spp. exhibited fewer body size reductions than C. stygia, regardless of intra- or interspecific competition levels. These findings suggest that competitive traits may exist along a continuum from native to invasive species, increasing predictably with invasiveness. This insight highlights invasiveness as a potentially reliable metric for predicting competition outcomes between ecologically similar sympatric invaders.

text: Does invasiveness predict competition outcomes between ecologically similar invasive blowflies? Biological invasion is a complex puzzle, and its significance is at an all-time high. Current research highlights that the success of invasive species is partly due to their superior performance in key behavioural traits, such as aggression and boldness, especially when compared to ecologically similar native species. However, less attention has been given to differences in these traits among invasive species themselves. Not all invaders are created equal; they vary in their degree of invasiveness, often characterised by the extent of their global spread. If behavioural traits are crucial for invasiveness, it stands to reason that more invasive species - those with greater success - should outperform less invasive ones.

I tested this hypothesis using larval competition between differentially invasive blowfly species. Calliphora stygia has a limited distribution, found only in Australia and New Zealand, whereas Lucilia sericata and Lucilia cuprina (Lucilia spp.) are invaders with almost global distributions. Under direct laboratory competition, the highly invasive Lucilia spp. exhibited fewer body size reductions than C. stygia, regardless of intra- or interspecific competition levels. These findings suggest that competitive traits may exist along a continuum from native to invasive species, increasing predictably with invasiveness. This insight highlights invasiveness as a potentially reliable metric for predicting competition outcomes between ecologically similar sympatric invaders.

year: 2024

title: Te tātari i te kaupapa

authors: Ka'ai, Tānia M.

abstract: The primary objective of this thesis focuses on the linking of the National Qualifications Framework and standards-based assessment as an emancipatory mechanism for Māori in Kaupapa Māori schooling and the wider Māori community in New Zealand.

Argued from an eclectic theoretical approach incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, it espouses a position which rejects structural inequalities that perpetuate the subordinate positioning of Māori people through the development of culturally responsive assessment theories and practices in written language for teachers and children in Kura Kaupapa Māori which purport a culturally responsive pedagogy.

The thesis also links curriculum, assessment and pedagogy using Kaupapa Māori theory which provides insights into Māori views of emancipation in education.

text: Te tātari i te kaupapa The primary objective of this thesis focuses on the linking of the National Qualifications Framework and standards-based assessment as an emancipatory mechanism for Māori in Kaupapa Māori schooling and the wider Māori community in New Zealand.

Argued from an eclectic theoretical approach incorporating Kaupapa Māori theory, it espouses a position which rejects structural inequalities that perpetuate the subordinate positioning of Māori people through the development of culturally responsive assessment theories and practices in written language for teachers and children in Kura Kaupapa Māori which purport a culturally responsive pedagogy.

The thesis also links curriculum, assessment and pedagogy using Kaupapa Māori theory which provides insights into Māori views of emancipation in education.

year: 1995