title: Organisational stress and coping in professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand

authors: Starck, Nick

subjects: Organisational Stress

abstract: Professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand are currently being faced with complex pressures and demands that go beyond the stress they encounter on the field. While these competitive stressors have been an area that has been well researched in the past, organisational stressors that exist between the player and the organisation in which they operate in, have been neglected. This exploratory study was aimed at identifying organisational stressors experienced by professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand, and the subsequent coping methods that they employ to combat such stress. 
Eleven professional rugby union athletes from the Waikato rugby team of New Zealand participated in this study. The athletes completed this through a face to face interview. Thematic analysis identified a wide range of organisational issues, including environmental, personal, leadership and team issues with selection and injuries being the most commonly identified sources of stress. Furthermore, major coping strategies identified were problem focussed coping, emotion focussed coping and maladaptive coping, with problem focussed coping methods being the most popular of use.
Understanding the unique organisational stressors and the subsequent coping strategies that the athletes of this study are employing to combat them fills a void on missing literature on the topic. A key implication is the awareness created for rugby union organisations. Findings challenge organisations to be aware of such issues players may be experiencing and encourage them to implement added support initiatives for those individuals. Directions for future research are discussed in the final chapter.

text: Organisational stress and coping in professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand Professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand are currently being faced with complex pressures and demands that go beyond the stress they encounter on the field. While these competitive stressors have been an area that has been well researched in the past, organisational stressors that exist between the player and the organisation in which they operate in, have been neglected. This exploratory study was aimed at identifying organisational stressors experienced by professional rugby union athletes of New Zealand, and the subsequent coping methods that they employ to combat such stress. 
Eleven professional rugby union athletes from the Waikato rugby team of New Zealand participated in this study. The athletes completed this through a face to face interview. Thematic analysis identified a wide range of organisational issues, including environmental, personal, leadership and team issues with selection and injuries being the most commonly identified sources of stress. Furthermore, major coping strategies identified were problem focussed coping, emotion focussed coping and maladaptive coping, with problem focussed coping methods being the most popular of use.
Understanding the unique organisational stressors and the subsequent coping strategies that the athletes of this study are employing to combat them fills a void on missing literature on the topic. A key implication is the awareness created for rugby union organisations. Findings challenge organisations to be aware of such issues players may be experiencing and encourage them to implement added support initiatives for those individuals. Directions for future research are discussed in the final chapter.

year: 2018

title: Re-identification of c. 15 700 cal yr BP tephra bed at Kaipo Bog, eastern North Island: implications for dispersal of Rotorua and Puketarata tephra beds.

authors: Shane, Phil A.R.

subjects: Tephra

abstract: A 10 mm thick, c. 15 700 calendar yr BP (c. 13 100 14C yr BP) rhyolitic tephra bed in the well-studied montane Kaipo Bog sequence of eastern North Island was previously correlated with Maroa-derived Puketarata Tephra. We revise this correlation to Okataina-derived Rotorua Tephra based on new compositional data from biotite phenocrysts and glass. The new correlation limits the known dispersal of Puketarata Tephra (sensu stricto, c. 16 800 cal yr BP) and eliminates requirements to either reassess its age or to invoke dual Puketarata eruptive events. Our data show that Rotorua Tephra comprises two glass-shard types: an early-erupted low-K2O type that was dispersed mostly to the northwest, and a high-K2O type dispersed mostly to the south and southeast, contemporary with late-stage lava extrusion. Late-stage Rotorua eruptives contain biotite that is enriched in FeO compared with biotite from Puketarata pyroclastics. The occurrence of Rotorua Tephra in Kaipo Bog (100 km from the source) substantially extends its known distribution to the southeast. Our analyses demonstrate that unrecognised syn-eruption compositional and dispersal changes can cause errors in fingerprinting tephra deposits. However, the compositional complexity, once recognised, provides additional fingerprinting criteria, and also documents magmatic and dispersal processes.

text: Re-identification of c. 15 700 cal yr BP tephra bed at Kaipo Bog, eastern North Island: implications for dispersal of Rotorua and Puketarata tephra beds. A 10 mm thick, c. 15 700 calendar yr BP (c. 13 100 14C yr BP) rhyolitic tephra bed in the well-studied montane Kaipo Bog sequence of eastern North Island was previously correlated with Maroa-derived Puketarata Tephra. We revise this correlation to Okataina-derived Rotorua Tephra based on new compositional data from biotite phenocrysts and glass. The new correlation limits the known dispersal of Puketarata Tephra (sensu stricto, c. 16 800 cal yr BP) and eliminates requirements to either reassess its age or to invoke dual Puketarata eruptive events. Our data show that Rotorua Tephra comprises two glass-shard types: an early-erupted low-K2O type that was dispersed mostly to the northwest, and a high-K2O type dispersed mostly to the south and southeast, contemporary with late-stage lava extrusion. Late-stage Rotorua eruptives contain biotite that is enriched in FeO compared with biotite from Puketarata pyroclastics. The occurrence of Rotorua Tephra in Kaipo Bog (100 km from the source) substantially extends its known distribution to the southeast. Our analyses demonstrate that unrecognised syn-eruption compositional and dispersal changes can cause errors in fingerprinting tephra deposits. However, the compositional complexity, once recognised, provides additional fingerprinting criteria, and also documents magmatic and dispersal processes.

year: 2003-12-01

title: Ue Waerea

authors: Tuaupiki, Jackie Whetumarama

subjects: Waerea

abstract: Mai i Mōkau ki Tāmaki, Mangatoatoa, Pare-Waikato, Pare-Hauraki, Te Kaokaoroa o Pātetere, ko te whakapono, nā Tāwhaki i piki te poutama ki te tāhuhu matapu, ka riro mai i a ia ngā kete o te wānanga. E kīngia ai, ko te pūtake tērā o te mātauranga Māori. Hei tā Wiri (2001), nā te mātauranga Māori, ko te mātauranga Māori ā-waha. Nāna, ko te waiata. Nā te waiata, ko te karakia. Kei raro i te karakia, ko te takere kaupapa tēnei, ko te waerea. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhituhinga, he rangahau i ngā pūtake o te waerea me te āta titiro ki ngā kaupapa kei a ia me tōna kawe i roto i aua kaupapa i ngā wā o mua, ā, nō nāianei hoki. Ko te waerea te pane o ngā karakia Māori ki roto o Tainui, otirā, ki roto i ngētehi o ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka tirohia ngēnei whakaritenga e rere ai te waerea, pēnei i te tomo whare, i te tomo urupā, i te takahi whare, i te whakamānu waka me te maha o ngā mahi a te ao Māori ki roto o Tainui.

text: Ue Waerea Mai i Mōkau ki Tāmaki, Mangatoatoa, Pare-Waikato, Pare-Hauraki, Te Kaokaoroa o Pātetere, ko te whakapono, nā Tāwhaki i piki te poutama ki te tāhuhu matapu, ka riro mai i a ia ngā kete o te wānanga. E kīngia ai, ko te pūtake tērā o te mātauranga Māori. Hei tā Wiri (2001), nā te mātauranga Māori, ko te mātauranga Māori ā-waha. Nāna, ko te waiata. Nā te waiata, ko te karakia. Kei raro i te karakia, ko te takere kaupapa tēnei, ko te waerea. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhituhinga, he rangahau i ngā pūtake o te waerea me te āta titiro ki ngā kaupapa kei a ia me tōna kawe i roto i aua kaupapa i ngā wā o mua, ā, nō nāianei hoki. Ko te waerea te pane o ngā karakia Māori ki roto o Tainui, otirā, ki roto i ngētehi o ngā whakaritenga, ā, ka tirohia ngēnei whakaritenga e rere ai te waerea, pēnei i te tomo whare, i te tomo urupā, i te takahi whare, i te whakamānu waka me te maha o ngā mahi a te ao Māori ki roto o Tainui.

year: 2011-04