title: Wage Structures and Employment Outcomes in New Zealand, and Their Relationship to Technological Change

authors: Hector, Christopher James

subjects: Inequality-New Zealand

abstract: After 100 years at an historically low level, inequality began to rise in the late 20th century, a trend which was especially marked in the English-speaking countries including New Zealand. Various explanations have been advanced, but internationally the most favoured theory is skill-biased technological change, driven by the new information and communication technologies. This thesis used income and wage data from the New Zealand Population Census and the New Zealand Income Survey to examine wage trends between 1991 and 2004. As in other developed countries wage dispersion was increasing in the 1990s, though it appears to have slowed since 2001, and the increased inequality is strongly correlated with workers' skills and qualifications. There is also a correlation between new technology and earnings inequality, but this appears to be attributable to the demand for skills in the industries which are changing fastest, rather than anything intrinsic to the new technology.

text: Wage Structures and Employment Outcomes in New Zealand, and Their Relationship to Technological Change After 100 years at an historically low level, inequality began to rise in the late 20th century, a trend which was especially marked in the English-speaking countries including New Zealand. Various explanations have been advanced, but internationally the most favoured theory is skill-biased technological change, driven by the new information and communication technologies. This thesis used income and wage data from the New Zealand Population Census and the New Zealand Income Survey to examine wage trends between 1991 and 2004. As in other developed countries wage dispersion was increasing in the 1990s, though it appears to have slowed since 2001, and the increased inequality is strongly correlated with workers' skills and qualifications. There is also a correlation between new technology and earnings inequality, but this appears to be attributable to the demand for skills in the industries which are changing fastest, rather than anything intrinsic to the new technology.

year: 2007

title: Fictions and the scope of the artist in the novels of Janet Frame

authors: MacLennan, Carol H. G.

abstract: Art and the initiation of the artist into the skills of her craft, along with the fiction making habits of all human beings, are identified in this study as major concerns in Janet Frame’s novels. Time and change, rituals, regulations, popular music, war and love all have in common the fact that they are fictions created by human beings to order and control their lives. 

People construct fictions intentionally and otherwise to give substance to their short, fragmented existence and to try to explain their place in the universe. Janet Frame’s novels address themselves to the transience and uncertainty of human life confined as it is by the rigid boundaries of birth and death. 

This thesis indicates how the myth-making habits of ancient peoples have been adapted to help modern mankind cope with its precarious situation balanced between the inner abstract world of the mind and the outer physical universe. Added to this uneasy existence, composed of fleeting thoughts and acts which vanish as they are performed, is awareness of life’s impermanence, painfully emphasised by our inevitable mortality. Frame’s work acknowledges and attempts to moderate these facts.

text: Fictions and the scope of the artist in the novels of Janet Frame Art and the initiation of the artist into the skills of her craft, along with the fiction making habits of all human beings, are identified in this study as major concerns in Janet Frame’s novels. Time and change, rituals, regulations, popular music, war and love all have in common the fact that they are fictions created by human beings to order and control their lives. 

People construct fictions intentionally and otherwise to give substance to their short, fragmented existence and to try to explain their place in the universe. Janet Frame’s novels address themselves to the transience and uncertainty of human life confined as it is by the rigid boundaries of birth and death. 

This thesis indicates how the myth-making habits of ancient peoples have been adapted to help modern mankind cope with its precarious situation balanced between the inner abstract world of the mind and the outer physical universe. Added to this uneasy existence, composed of fleeting thoughts and acts which vanish as they are performed, is awareness of life’s impermanence, painfully emphasised by our inevitable mortality. Frame’s work acknowledges and attempts to moderate these facts.

year: 1986

title: He oranga tō te wai: Māori Pedagogies - A Culturally Responsive View of Aquatic Education and Drowning Prevention in Aotearoa

authors: Haimona, Mark Waihape

abstract: Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death and hospitalisation among Māori in Aotearoa. Drowning reports (Water Safety New Zealand, 2010, 2016, 2019) indicate Māori are over-represented in drowning compared to non-Māori, and on average account for up to a quarter of all drowning fatalities each year. Māori male aged 15-44 years and Māori children under five are most at risk of drowning (WSNZ, 2018, 2). A recent Aotearoa study on children’s water survival skills suggest changes are needed to improve how children develop fundamental aquatic skills and how teachers can best teach those skills (Button et al., 2017). In particular, the teaching of water safety skills for broader use in the open water environments of Aotearoa. 
Māori pedagogies within physical education, health, and education in the outdoors (Hemara, 2000; Jackson et al, 2016; Phillips, 2018) have demonstrated the benefits of Māori teaching methods that foster positive learning outcomes for Māori. (Bishop & Berryman, 2006, 2009). As such, this research investigated core components of Māori pedagogies that can improve aquatic education for Māori. It sought to validate traditional and contemporary aquatic teachings and water safety practices that Māori exercise as an expression of ira tangata (human development) and their relationship with te ao tūroa (the long-standing world). By means of kaupapa Māori research and the development of a new framework - Tāne Whānau Mārama, this thesis offers valuable insights into the importance of culturally responsive pedagogies in aquatic education that will enhance the health, educational achievements, and well-being of Māori whānau and communities.

text: He oranga tō te wai: Māori Pedagogies - A Culturally Responsive View of Aquatic Education and Drowning Prevention in Aotearoa Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death and hospitalisation among Māori in Aotearoa. Drowning reports (Water Safety New Zealand, 2010, 2016, 2019) indicate Māori are over-represented in drowning compared to non-Māori, and on average account for up to a quarter of all drowning fatalities each year. Māori male aged 15-44 years and Māori children under five are most at risk of drowning (WSNZ, 2018, 2). A recent Aotearoa study on children’s water survival skills suggest changes are needed to improve how children develop fundamental aquatic skills and how teachers can best teach those skills (Button et al., 2017). In particular, the teaching of water safety skills for broader use in the open water environments of Aotearoa. 
Māori pedagogies within physical education, health, and education in the outdoors (Hemara, 2000; Jackson et al, 2016; Phillips, 2018) have demonstrated the benefits of Māori teaching methods that foster positive learning outcomes for Māori. (Bishop & Berryman, 2006, 2009). As such, this research investigated core components of Māori pedagogies that can improve aquatic education for Māori. It sought to validate traditional and contemporary aquatic teachings and water safety practices that Māori exercise as an expression of ira tangata (human development) and their relationship with te ao tūroa (the long-standing world). By means of kaupapa Māori research and the development of a new framework - Tāne Whānau Mārama, this thesis offers valuable insights into the importance of culturally responsive pedagogies in aquatic education that will enhance the health, educational achievements, and well-being of Māori whānau and communities.

year: 2023