title: SH-Stretching vibrational Spectra of ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol

authors: Miller, Benjamin J.

subjects: chemistry

abstract: Vibrational spectra of vapor-phase ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol have been recorded in the 1000 to 12 000 cm−1 region. Both the gauche and trans conformers of ethanethiol are observed. The intensities of SH-stretching vibrations are found to be significantly weaker than the equivalent CH-stretching vibrations and the OH-stretching vibrations in the corresponding alcohols. The relative strength of the SH-stretching vibrations in ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol compared with the OH-stretching vibrations in the corresponding alcohols are  0.2 in the fundamental region and  0.03 in the overtone regions. The SH- and OH-stretching intensities have been modeled with an anharmonic oscillator local mode model with ab initio calculated dipole moment functions. The weak nature of SH-stretching transitions is shown to be a result of both low anharmonicity of the vibrational mode and relatively small dipole moment derivatives.

text: SH-Stretching vibrational Spectra of ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol Vibrational spectra of vapor-phase ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol have been recorded in the 1000 to 12 000 cm−1 region. Both the gauche and trans conformers of ethanethiol are observed. The intensities of SH-stretching vibrations are found to be significantly weaker than the equivalent CH-stretching vibrations and the OH-stretching vibrations in the corresponding alcohols. The relative strength of the SH-stretching vibrations in ethanethiol and tert-butylthiol compared with the OH-stretching vibrations in the corresponding alcohols are  0.2 in the fundamental region and  0.03 in the overtone regions. The SH- and OH-stretching intensities have been modeled with an anharmonic oscillator local mode model with ab initio calculated dipole moment functions. The weak nature of SH-stretching transitions is shown to be a result of both low anharmonicity of the vibrational mode and relatively small dipole moment derivatives.

year: 2009

title: Linking proximal ignimbrites and coeval distal tephra deposits to establish a record of voluminous Early Quaternary (2.4–1.9 Ma) volcanism of the Tauranga Volcanic Centre, New Zealand

authors: Prentice, Marlena Lee

subjects: Taupō Volcanic Zone

abstract: The Tauranga Volcanic Centre (TgaVC) of the North Island, New Zealand, was active from 2.95 to 1.9 Ma. It lies temporally and spatially between the currently active Taupō Volcanic Zone, one of the most productive regions of Quaternary silicic volcanism globally, and its predecessor, the Coromandel Volcanic Zone. This study provides an enhanced chronology for pyroclastic volcanism of the TgaVC with four locally widespread units named and defined as follows: Welcome Bay and Wharo ignimbrites (together formerly known as Lower Pāpāmoa Ignimbrite); Otawera Ignimbrite; and Arateka Ignimbrite (formerly known as Upper Pāpāmoa Ignimbrite). These eruptives were followed by the eruption of the large-volume Waiteariki Ignimbrite at 2.1 Ma. In northern Hawke’s Bay (150-170 km southeast of TgaVC), several distal tephra-fall horizons and an ignimbrite (Hikuroa Pumice Member) are preserved in marine-hosted sediments and are stratigraphically equivalent to the five ignimbrites of the TgaVC. Using new major- and trace-element data on glass in conjunction with new zircon-derived U-Pb ages, a correlation between the Hawke’s Bay tephras and the TgaVC ignimbrites is established and the Hikuroa Pumice Member is confirmed as the distal deposit of the Waiteariki Ignimbrite. The integrated proximal and distal records show that at least eight eruptions occurred in the TgaVC between 2.4 and 1.9 Ma and provide a maximum repose period between explosive eruptions of ca. 50 kyrs.

text: Linking proximal ignimbrites and coeval distal tephra deposits to establish a record of voluminous Early Quaternary (2.4–1.9 Ma) volcanism of the Tauranga Volcanic Centre, New Zealand The Tauranga Volcanic Centre (TgaVC) of the North Island, New Zealand, was active from 2.95 to 1.9 Ma. It lies temporally and spatially between the currently active Taupō Volcanic Zone, one of the most productive regions of Quaternary silicic volcanism globally, and its predecessor, the Coromandel Volcanic Zone. This study provides an enhanced chronology for pyroclastic volcanism of the TgaVC with four locally widespread units named and defined as follows: Welcome Bay and Wharo ignimbrites (together formerly known as Lower Pāpāmoa Ignimbrite); Otawera Ignimbrite; and Arateka Ignimbrite (formerly known as Upper Pāpāmoa Ignimbrite). These eruptives were followed by the eruption of the large-volume Waiteariki Ignimbrite at 2.1 Ma. In northern Hawke’s Bay (150-170 km southeast of TgaVC), several distal tephra-fall horizons and an ignimbrite (Hikuroa Pumice Member) are preserved in marine-hosted sediments and are stratigraphically equivalent to the five ignimbrites of the TgaVC. Using new major- and trace-element data on glass in conjunction with new zircon-derived U-Pb ages, a correlation between the Hawke’s Bay tephras and the TgaVC ignimbrites is established and the Hikuroa Pumice Member is confirmed as the distal deposit of the Waiteariki Ignimbrite. The integrated proximal and distal records show that at least eight eruptions occurred in the TgaVC between 2.4 and 1.9 Ma and provide a maximum repose period between explosive eruptions of ca. 50 kyrs.

year: 2022-09

title: Character-less programming II: the spreadsheet

authors: Barbour, Robert H.

subjects: computer science

abstract: The spreadsheet is a commonly used, yet under-researched, application tool. Hendry and Green (1994) report fewer than ten entries about spreadsheets in the HCI community literature between 1984 and 1991. The 1993 Human Computer Interaction Proceedings of a Conference on Applications and Case Studies does not list the word 'spreadsheet' in the index whereas databases and wordprocessor are both referenced. The current situation in 1996 is not significantly different. For Polytechnic and University communities, many of whom are involved in teaching about application software, this situation means that the widespread teaching of the tool is simply not being reported in the research literature. The unanswered but researchable question raised in the Hendry and Green (1994) indicate the breadth of the field. Following a summary of these questions, the even more neglected issue of providing culturally appropriate spreadsheet software is raised. A set of constructs for thinking about multicultural software is presented. A model of a procedure for generating an elementary spreadsheet is provided, exemplified and demonstrated for the Maori Language in New Zealand.

text: Character-less programming II: the spreadsheet The spreadsheet is a commonly used, yet under-researched, application tool. Hendry and Green (1994) report fewer than ten entries about spreadsheets in the HCI community literature between 1984 and 1991. The 1993 Human Computer Interaction Proceedings of a Conference on Applications and Case Studies does not list the word 'spreadsheet' in the index whereas databases and wordprocessor are both referenced. The current situation in 1996 is not significantly different. For Polytechnic and University communities, many of whom are involved in teaching about application software, this situation means that the widespread teaching of the tool is simply not being reported in the research literature. The unanswered but researchable question raised in the Hendry and Green (1994) indicate the breadth of the field. Following a summary of these questions, the even more neglected issue of providing culturally appropriate spreadsheet software is raised. A set of constructs for thinking about multicultural software is presented. A model of a procedure for generating an elementary spreadsheet is provided, exemplified and demonstrated for the Maori Language in New Zealand.

year: 1995-11