title: Gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes containing cycloaurated 2-arylpyridine, 2-anilinopyridine and 2-benzylpyridine ligands

authors: Henderson, William

subjects: Gold

abstract: Reactions of the gold(III) dichloride complexes [(N_C)AuCl₂] ((N_C)=cycloaurated 2-phenylpyridine, 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine, 2-anilinopyridine or 2-benzylpyridine) with thiosalicylic acid (2-mercaptobenzoic acid, HSC₆H₄CO₂H) and base gives a series of gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes [(N_C)Au(SC₆H₄CO₂)]. A crystal structure determination on the 2-p-tolylpyridine derivative is reported, confirming the presence of a chelating thiosalicylate ligand, with the tolyl and thiolate groups mutually cis, together with a highly puckered gold–thiosalicylate moiety, and a twisted carboxylate group. The activity of the thiosalicylate complexes against P388 leukaemia cells has been determined.

text: Gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes containing cycloaurated 2-arylpyridine, 2-anilinopyridine and 2-benzylpyridine ligands Reactions of the gold(III) dichloride complexes [(N_C)AuCl₂] ((N_C)=cycloaurated 2-phenylpyridine, 2-(p-tolyl)pyridine, 2-anilinopyridine or 2-benzylpyridine) with thiosalicylic acid (2-mercaptobenzoic acid, HSC₆H₄CO₂H) and base gives a series of gold(III) thiosalicylate complexes [(N_C)Au(SC₆H₄CO₂)]. A crystal structure determination on the 2-p-tolylpyridine derivative is reported, confirming the presence of a chelating thiosalicylate ligand, with the tolyl and thiolate groups mutually cis, together with a highly puckered gold–thiosalicylate moiety, and a twisted carboxylate group. The activity of the thiosalicylate complexes against P388 leukaemia cells has been determined.

year: 2001-08-01

title: Biophysical modeling of neural plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

authors: Wilson, Marcus T.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used noninvasive brain stimulation method capable of inducing plastic reorganisation of cortical circuits in humans. Changes in neural activity following TMS are often attributed to synaptic plasticity via process of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD). However, the precise way in which synaptic processes such as LTP/LTD modulate the activity of large populations of neurons, as stimulated en masse by TMS, are unclear. The recent development of biophysical models, which incorporate the physiological properties of TMS-induced plasticity mathematically, provide an excellent framework for reconciling synaptic and macroscopic plasticity. This article overviews the TMS paradigms used to induce plasticity, and their limitations. It then describes the development of biophysically-based numerical models of the mechanisms underlying LTP/LTD on population-level neuronal activity, and the application of these models to TMS plasticity paradigms, including theta burst and paired associative stimulation. Finally, it outlines how modeling can complement experimental work to improve mechanistic understandings and optimize outcomes of TMS-induced plasticity.

text: Biophysical modeling of neural plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used noninvasive brain stimulation method capable of inducing plastic reorganisation of cortical circuits in humans. Changes in neural activity following TMS are often attributed to synaptic plasticity via process of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD). However, the precise way in which synaptic processes such as LTP/LTD modulate the activity of large populations of neurons, as stimulated en masse by TMS, are unclear. The recent development of biophysical models, which incorporate the physiological properties of TMS-induced plasticity mathematically, provide an excellent framework for reconciling synaptic and macroscopic plasticity. This article overviews the TMS paradigms used to induce plasticity, and their limitations. It then describes the development of biophysically-based numerical models of the mechanisms underlying LTP/LTD on population-level neuronal activity, and the application of these models to TMS plasticity paradigms, including theta burst and paired associative stimulation. Finally, it outlines how modeling can complement experimental work to improve mechanistic understandings and optimize outcomes of TMS-induced plasticity.

year: 2018

title: Defence not defiance: The shaping of New Zealand’s volunteer force

authors: Clayton, Garry James

subjects: New Zealand Army history

abstract: In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth New Zealand's land defences were primarily the responsibility of its Volunteer Force. This Force over a period of fifty-two years evolved from ill-considered vigilante bands to a well organised and disciplined Army. This thesis examines the evolution of this Volunteer Army in chronological sequence concentrating on the factors which shaped and developed it.
The preface provides a brief outline of this study on New Zealand's Volunteer Force. The thesis then presents the history of the Force in eight chapters. These chapters are in four basic divisions. The first section, of three chapters. examines the origins of the Force, its role in the New Zealand Wars and its subsequent development in the period of tenuous peace during the 1870's . The second section, comprising of two chapters only, examines the transformation of the Volunteers from a military body which primarily looked inward. into a Force which concentrated on protecting the nation's main ports. The third section , also comprising two chapters , then views the development of this coastal protection Force into a Colonial Army, able and willing to provide for the nation's own security as well as expeditionary units to· serve with the British Imperial Forces ·. The last Section, of one Chapter only, concentrates on the demise of Volunteering and the moves to compulsory military training. The conclusion then draws together the analytical threads of the thesis. 
As the thesis is extensive in its coverage of time, it is only possible to outline the very nature of Volunteering. It will be for Regimental Historians to show the uniqueness of each of the 658 different units that comprised the New Zealand Volunteer Force over its fifty-two years of existence. What this broad survey does do, however, is provide a unique window for the examination of the development of an embryonic Colonial Army in the context of a developing nation.

text: Defence not defiance: The shaping of New Zealand’s volunteer force In the latter half of the nineteenth century and the first decade of the twentieth New Zealand's land defences were primarily the responsibility of its Volunteer Force. This Force over a period of fifty-two years evolved from ill-considered vigilante bands to a well organised and disciplined Army. This thesis examines the evolution of this Volunteer Army in chronological sequence concentrating on the factors which shaped and developed it.
The preface provides a brief outline of this study on New Zealand's Volunteer Force. The thesis then presents the history of the Force in eight chapters. These chapters are in four basic divisions. The first section, of three chapters. examines the origins of the Force, its role in the New Zealand Wars and its subsequent development in the period of tenuous peace during the 1870's . The second section, comprising of two chapters only, examines the transformation of the Volunteers from a military body which primarily looked inward. into a Force which concentrated on protecting the nation's main ports. The third section , also comprising two chapters , then views the development of this coastal protection Force into a Colonial Army, able and willing to provide for the nation's own security as well as expeditionary units to· serve with the British Imperial Forces ·. The last Section, of one Chapter only, concentrates on the demise of Volunteering and the moves to compulsory military training. The conclusion then draws together the analytical threads of the thesis. 
As the thesis is extensive in its coverage of time, it is only possible to outline the very nature of Volunteering. It will be for Regimental Historians to show the uniqueness of each of the 658 different units that comprised the New Zealand Volunteer Force over its fifty-two years of existence. What this broad survey does do, however, is provide a unique window for the examination of the development of an embryonic Colonial Army in the context of a developing nation.

year: 1990