title: E/Z isomerism in monoalkylated derivatives of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone substituents

authors: Ujam, Oguejiofo Theophilus

subjects: Platinum complexes

abstract: Alkylation of [Pt₂(m-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone-functionalized alkylating agents XC6H4C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}CH2Br (X¼H, Ph) gives monoalkylated cations [Pt₂(m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}C₆H₄X}(PPh₃)₄]⁺. An X-ray diffraction study on [Pt₂(m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Ph}(PPh₃)₄]BPh₄ shows the crystal to be the Z isomer, with the phenyl ring and NHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂ groups mutually trans. ¹H- and ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopic methods indicate a mixture of Z (major) and E (minor) isomers in solution, which slowly convert mainly to the E isomer. Reaction of [Pt₂(m-S)₂ (PPh₃)₄] with the dinitrophenylhydrazone of chloroacetone [ClCH₂C{¼NNH(C₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Me] and NaBPh₄ gives [Pt₂ (m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Me}(PPh₃)₄]BPh₄, which exists as a single (E) isomer.

text: E/Z isomerism in monoalkylated derivatives of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone substituents Alkylation of [Pt₂(m-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone-functionalized alkylating agents XC6H4C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}CH2Br (X¼H, Ph) gives monoalkylated cations [Pt₂(m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}C₆H₄X}(PPh₃)₄]⁺. An X-ray diffraction study on [Pt₂(m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Ph}(PPh₃)₄]BPh₄ shows the crystal to be the Z isomer, with the phenyl ring and NHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂ groups mutually trans. ¹H- and ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopic methods indicate a mixture of Z (major) and E (minor) isomers in solution, which slowly convert mainly to the E isomer. Reaction of [Pt₂(m-S)₂ (PPh₃)₄] with the dinitrophenylhydrazone of chloroacetone [ClCH₂C{¼NNH(C₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Me] and NaBPh₄ gives [Pt₂ (m-S){m-SCH₂C{¼NNHC₆H₃(NO₂)₂}Me}(PPh₃)₄]BPh₄, which exists as a single (E) isomer.

year: 2011

title: New Zealand’s National Standards policy: How should we view it a decade on?

authors: Thrupp, Martin

abstract: In this short article, I consider how teachers might judge the National Standards system these days and also how the policy might be understood more generally. These are important questions coming up to the 2017 election because the National Standards system has been such a central feature of the current Government’s approach to education. Teachers will be aware of teacher and principal colleagues who are supportive of National Standards while others are much less so. Conflicting views amongst teachers and principals about the value of the National Standards is also apparent from a recent New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER) national survey (Bonne, 2016). School websites indicate diverse views as well. There are some primary school websites that reflect enthusiasm about National Standards and some that barely mention them.

text: New Zealand’s National Standards policy: How should we view it a decade on? In this short article, I consider how teachers might judge the National Standards system these days and also how the policy might be understood more generally. These are important questions coming up to the 2017 election because the National Standards system has been such a central feature of the current Government’s approach to education. Teachers will be aware of teacher and principal colleagues who are supportive of National Standards while others are much less so. Conflicting views amongst teachers and principals about the value of the National Standards is also apparent from a recent New Zealand Council for Educational Research (NZCER) national survey (Bonne, 2016). School websites indicate diverse views as well. There are some primary school websites that reflect enthusiasm about National Standards and some that barely mention them.

year: 2017

title: Blood Quantum  “A Pūrākau approach to understanding the impact of ‘Blood Quantum’ in Māori Identity”

authors: Edwards, Alvina Jean

subjects: Blood quantum

abstract: “The master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house” (Lorde, 1984, p.94)

This thesis begins and ends with being Ngāi Tahu, the two fundamental questions that generated this topic are: Who determines Indigenous legal identity? Who defines tribal membership and affiliation? Although the idea of defining Indigenous Peoples, for political purposes originated in colonial times, the complications, and complexities of defining who an Indigenous individual remains a truly contentious issue. This thesis will draw on the Indigenous Māori methodology of pūrākau, or story work for its structure and method to explore the above questions relating to Indigenous identity. The pūrākau approach enables the research to harness mātauranga Māori knowledge such as whakapapa and korero tuku iho alongside western thought, which is now inked in academic disciplines such as in the study of law. This thesis explores notions such as Indigenous ‘blood’ and our Indigenous ‘DNA.’ It is argued that to understand the history, the politics, the laws of blood quantum and DNA, it is important to understand the mind of the coloniser and the tools they continue to use. 

The study of blood quantum has become an important aspect of the tino rangatiratanga (self-determination) of many Indigenous peoples. From a historical and cultural perspective, blood quantum standards divide and alienate communities, and perpetuate a discourse that promotes internalised self-hatred, alienation, and fractionation. This research will develop pūrākau as a pedagogy through creating learning tools. These new learning tools will counteract the possibility of our Indigenous Peoples from being trapped within these social constructions. The thesis will explore possible self-determination techniques which emphasize pūrākau in establishing identity through creating a journey of recovery through the application of pūrākau in decolonising blood quantum ideology. Ultimately, Indigenous Peoples of Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America need to be the ones in control of their identity, tribal affiliation, cultural continuity, destiny, and the way they are legally defined.

Let's reclaim our stolen tools (Lorde, 1979)

text: Blood Quantum  “A Pūrākau approach to understanding the impact of ‘Blood Quantum’ in Māori Identity” “The master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house” (Lorde, 1984, p.94)

This thesis begins and ends with being Ngāi Tahu, the two fundamental questions that generated this topic are: Who determines Indigenous legal identity? Who defines tribal membership and affiliation? Although the idea of defining Indigenous Peoples, for political purposes originated in colonial times, the complications, and complexities of defining who an Indigenous individual remains a truly contentious issue. This thesis will draw on the Indigenous Māori methodology of pūrākau, or story work for its structure and method to explore the above questions relating to Indigenous identity. The pūrākau approach enables the research to harness mātauranga Māori knowledge such as whakapapa and korero tuku iho alongside western thought, which is now inked in academic disciplines such as in the study of law. This thesis explores notions such as Indigenous ‘blood’ and our Indigenous ‘DNA.’ It is argued that to understand the history, the politics, the laws of blood quantum and DNA, it is important to understand the mind of the coloniser and the tools they continue to use. 

The study of blood quantum has become an important aspect of the tino rangatiratanga (self-determination) of many Indigenous peoples. From a historical and cultural perspective, blood quantum standards divide and alienate communities, and perpetuate a discourse that promotes internalised self-hatred, alienation, and fractionation. This research will develop pūrākau as a pedagogy through creating learning tools. These new learning tools will counteract the possibility of our Indigenous Peoples from being trapped within these social constructions. The thesis will explore possible self-determination techniques which emphasize pūrākau in establishing identity through creating a journey of recovery through the application of pūrākau in decolonising blood quantum ideology. Ultimately, Indigenous Peoples of Canada, New Zealand and the United States of America need to be the ones in control of their identity, tribal affiliation, cultural continuity, destiny, and the way they are legally defined.

Let's reclaim our stolen tools (Lorde, 1979)

year: 2020