title: A logic for specifying and reasoning about cooperative environments

authors: Reeves, Steve

subjects: computer science

abstract: In this paper we describe the current progress of an attempt to develop a logic which will allow us to specify required properties of systems which typically consist of a single interactive program being used, probably simultaneously, by several agents, usually people. The logic is a development of ideas from modal logic and their more recent developments to describe computation. Since modal logic (and its extensions) are still relatively new to most people we give introductions to these logics in this paper, assuming only a familiarity with classical first-order logic and some proof theory. We also give an account of some of the sorts of situations that we want to specify. Finally, we consider what work will be needed in the future, building on what we present here, in order to achieve our goal of providing a language in which to specify and reason about systems intended to support co-operative working.

text: A logic for specifying and reasoning about cooperative environments In this paper we describe the current progress of an attempt to develop a logic which will allow us to specify required properties of systems which typically consist of a single interactive program being used, probably simultaneously, by several agents, usually people. The logic is a development of ideas from modal logic and their more recent developments to describe computation. Since modal logic (and its extensions) are still relatively new to most people we give introductions to these logics in this paper, assuming only a familiarity with classical first-order logic and some proof theory. We also give an account of some of the sorts of situations that we want to specify. Finally, we consider what work will be needed in the future, building on what we present here, in order to achieve our goal of providing a language in which to specify and reason about systems intended to support co-operative working.

year: 1995-08

title: The regional economic impact of the 2009 New Zealand National Masters Hockey Tournament

authors: Daldy, Bridget

subjects: input-output

abstract: This paper analyses the direct and subsequent flow-on expenditure resulting from the weeklong National Masters Hockey Tournament held in Hamilton, New Zealand in March 2009. During the tournament, information was collected on the expenditure from a sample of participating players and officials and from the host association, Waikato Hockey. The information was averaged over all participants and used in a regional economic model. The economic impact of the 2009 tournament was also compared to the outcome for the Hamilton tournament held previously in 2003. Total direct expenditure in the Waikato region from the 2009 tournament was approximately $2.5 million compared to $1.2 million in 2003. The 2009 expenditure led subsequently to an extra $1.13 million of value-added to the regional economy mainly in the hospitality and accommodation sectors.

text: The regional economic impact of the 2009 New Zealand National Masters Hockey Tournament This paper analyses the direct and subsequent flow-on expenditure resulting from the weeklong National Masters Hockey Tournament held in Hamilton, New Zealand in March 2009. During the tournament, information was collected on the expenditure from a sample of participating players and officials and from the host association, Waikato Hockey. The information was averaged over all participants and used in a regional economic model. The economic impact of the 2009 tournament was also compared to the outcome for the Hamilton tournament held previously in 2003. Total direct expenditure in the Waikato region from the 2009 tournament was approximately $2.5 million compared to $1.2 million in 2003. The 2009 expenditure led subsequently to an extra $1.13 million of value-added to the regional economy mainly in the hospitality and accommodation sectors.

year: 2010-11

title: Ko Tikanga Te Mātāmua:  ngā pūrākau, ngā pakiwaitara, me mihi, ka tika

authors: Carrucan, Edmond Thomas

subjects: Law

abstract: This study highlights pūrākau and pakiwaitara as legal precedents that can bring Tikanga to life in unique ways. Using Kaupapa Māori and Mana Tāne methodologies, I address two problems within a larger project towards further normalising Tikanga within the legal system and legal education.

The first problem is the key misconception that there are two primary sources of law: statutes and common law. My proposed solution involves reconceiving three primary sources of law: Tikanga, statutes and common law. The second problem is how to source from Tikanga in making legal arguments. My proposed solution encourages story analysis of pūrākau and pakiwaitara and the use of these legal precedents within legal submissions. Accordingly, this study has two purposes.

In embarking on my journey of storytelling, I address the first purpose which is to test whether Tikanga is the first law and supreme law of Aotearoa, as was the seminal proposition of Ani Mikaere. This addresses the key misconception referred to above, that there are only two primary sources of law. Through analysis of Tikanga jurists and Western jurists I conclude Mikaere was right. Tikanga is the supreme law of Aotearoa: Ko Tikanga Te Mātāmua. I propose a new model called Te Whānau Ture as a legal family of three primary law sources representing this finding.

This research then addresses the second purpose in showing how ngā pūrākau me ngā pakiwaitara make valuable contributions to the body of law: me mihi, ka tika. Here, this study proposes a new model called, Whai Matua o Te Ture Māori, a symbolic stingray comprised of fourteen objects of Māori law. Later, I propose a further model Ātea Whakaaro, to enable ethical legal story analysis.

This study responds to (a) indigenising legal education, (b) the inevitability of Tikanga test cases and (c) the current Ao Mārama model. The significance of pūrākau and pakiwaitara in legal settings emerges from this study and a reclaiming of a Māori Legal Method becomes inevitable.

text: Ko Tikanga Te Mātāmua:  ngā pūrākau, ngā pakiwaitara, me mihi, ka tika This study highlights pūrākau and pakiwaitara as legal precedents that can bring Tikanga to life in unique ways. Using Kaupapa Māori and Mana Tāne methodologies, I address two problems within a larger project towards further normalising Tikanga within the legal system and legal education.

The first problem is the key misconception that there are two primary sources of law: statutes and common law. My proposed solution involves reconceiving three primary sources of law: Tikanga, statutes and common law. The second problem is how to source from Tikanga in making legal arguments. My proposed solution encourages story analysis of pūrākau and pakiwaitara and the use of these legal precedents within legal submissions. Accordingly, this study has two purposes.

In embarking on my journey of storytelling, I address the first purpose which is to test whether Tikanga is the first law and supreme law of Aotearoa, as was the seminal proposition of Ani Mikaere. This addresses the key misconception referred to above, that there are only two primary sources of law. Through analysis of Tikanga jurists and Western jurists I conclude Mikaere was right. Tikanga is the supreme law of Aotearoa: Ko Tikanga Te Mātāmua. I propose a new model called Te Whānau Ture as a legal family of three primary law sources representing this finding.

This research then addresses the second purpose in showing how ngā pūrākau me ngā pakiwaitara make valuable contributions to the body of law: me mihi, ka tika. Here, this study proposes a new model called, Whai Matua o Te Ture Māori, a symbolic stingray comprised of fourteen objects of Māori law. Later, I propose a further model Ātea Whakaaro, to enable ethical legal story analysis.

This study responds to (a) indigenising legal education, (b) the inevitability of Tikanga test cases and (c) the current Ao Mārama model. The significance of pūrākau and pakiwaitara in legal settings emerges from this study and a reclaiming of a Māori Legal Method becomes inevitable.

year: 2021