title: Issues in testing the proficiency of learners of indigenous languages: an example relating to young learners of Maori

authors: Crombie, Winifred

subjects: te reo Māori

abstract: In 1999 the New Zealand Ministry of Education commissioned the authors to develop and trial a Māori language proficiency test.  The test was to be appropriate for students in Year 5 of schooling (aged 9/10) who were being educated wholly, or in part, through the medium of Māori language.  In this paper, we discuss the development and trialling of that proficiency test, focusing on the problems we experienced as well as on the test itself and on the ways in which it can be further developed. We also consider the implications of this project for the development of proficiency tests for other indigenous languages.

text: Issues in testing the proficiency of learners of indigenous languages: an example relating to young learners of Maori In 1999 the New Zealand Ministry of Education commissioned the authors to develop and trial a Māori language proficiency test.  The test was to be appropriate for students in Year 5 of schooling (aged 9/10) who were being educated wholly, or in part, through the medium of Māori language.  In this paper, we discuss the development and trialling of that proficiency test, focusing on the problems we experienced as well as on the test itself and on the ways in which it can be further developed. We also consider the implications of this project for the development of proficiency tests for other indigenous languages.

year: 2000-10

title: Protecting Māori data: Can a Privacy Code of Practice provide a partial solution?

authors: Watts, David

abstract: This paper explores whether a Māori Data Privacy Code, developed under the Privacy Act 2020, could provide additional protection for classes of information that are regarded by Māori as tapu. The Act already covers the personal information of Māori individuals in the same way it does any other individual. We argue that a MDP Code could offer additional protection for particular classes of sensitive personal information – specifically whakapapa data and data pertaining to deceased Māori. A MDP Code could restrict the purposes for which such information can be collected, used, disclosed, retained, stored and disposed of; put stronger requirements on agencies to demonstrate that their collection and use of this information is justified; require free, prior and informed consent for its use and disclosure; and provide for greater transparency and independent Māori oversight.

text: Protecting Māori data: Can a Privacy Code of Practice provide a partial solution? This paper explores whether a Māori Data Privacy Code, developed under the Privacy Act 2020, could provide additional protection for classes of information that are regarded by Māori as tapu. The Act already covers the personal information of Māori individuals in the same way it does any other individual. We argue that a MDP Code could offer additional protection for particular classes of sensitive personal information – specifically whakapapa data and data pertaining to deceased Māori. A MDP Code could restrict the purposes for which such information can be collected, used, disclosed, retained, stored and disposed of; put stronger requirements on agencies to demonstrate that their collection and use of this information is justified; require free, prior and informed consent for its use and disclosure; and provide for greater transparency and independent Māori oversight.

year: 2025-10

title: Recognising new market opportunities and selecting appropriate segments: Targeting Chinese outbound tourists

authors: Prideaux, Bruce

subjects: Australia

abstract: Many destinations encounter problems when attempting to adopt a strategic approach to planning. If destinations misread target markets and fail to provide the experiences desired by tourists, they face the danger of falling revenue, adverse impacts on their image and a disenchanted travel trade sector that may make recommendations to its clients to travel elsewhere. This article examines how destinations are able to use a tourism-specific version of the strategic window of opportunity model to identify opportunities for participating in new, rapidly growing markets. The utility of the model is demonstrated by examining how the steps suggested in the model were used in Cairns, Australia, to develop its Chinese market sector. This article contributes to a gap in the literature regarding strategies that may be used by destinations searching for new markets.

text: Recognising new market opportunities and selecting appropriate segments: Targeting Chinese outbound tourists Many destinations encounter problems when attempting to adopt a strategic approach to planning. If destinations misread target markets and fail to provide the experiences desired by tourists, they face the danger of falling revenue, adverse impacts on their image and a disenchanted travel trade sector that may make recommendations to its clients to travel elsewhere. This article examines how destinations are able to use a tourism-specific version of the strategic window of opportunity model to identify opportunities for participating in new, rapidly growing markets. The utility of the model is demonstrated by examining how the steps suggested in the model were used in Cairns, Australia, to develop its Chinese market sector. This article contributes to a gap in the literature regarding strategies that may be used by destinations searching for new markets.

year: 2012