title: Seed rain and soil seed banks limit native regeneration within urban forest restoration plantings in Hamilton City, New Zealand

authors: Overdyck, Elizabeth

subjects: ecological restoration

abstract: Restoration of native forest vegetation in urban environments may be limited due to isolation from native seed sources and to the prevalence of exotic plant species. To investigate urban seed availability we recorded the composition of seed rain, soil seed banks and vegetation at native forest restoration plantings up to 36 years old in Hamilton City and compared these with naturally regenerating forest within the city and in a nearby rural native forest remnant. Seed rain, soil seed banks (fern spores inclusive) and understorey vegetation in urban forest were found to have higher exotic species richness and lower native species density and richness than rural forest. Both understorey vegetation and soil seed banks of urban sites >20 years old had lower exotic species richness than younger (10–20 years) sites, indicating a developmental threshold that provided some resistance to exotic species establishment. However, the prevalence of exotic species in urban seed rain will allow reinvasion through edge habitat and following disturbance to canopy vegetation. Persistent soil seed banks from both urban and rural sites were dominated by exotic herbaceous species and native fern species, while few other native forest species were found to persist for >1 year in the seed bank. Enrichment planting will be required for those native species with limited dispersal or short-lived seeds, thus improving native seed availability in urban forests as more planted species mature reproductively. Further research into species seed  traits and seedling establishment is needed to refine effective management strategies for successful restoration  of urban native forests.

text: Seed rain and soil seed banks limit native regeneration within urban forest restoration plantings in Hamilton City, New Zealand Restoration of native forest vegetation in urban environments may be limited due to isolation from native seed sources and to the prevalence of exotic plant species. To investigate urban seed availability we recorded the composition of seed rain, soil seed banks and vegetation at native forest restoration plantings up to 36 years old in Hamilton City and compared these with naturally regenerating forest within the city and in a nearby rural native forest remnant. Seed rain, soil seed banks (fern spores inclusive) and understorey vegetation in urban forest were found to have higher exotic species richness and lower native species density and richness than rural forest. Both understorey vegetation and soil seed banks of urban sites >20 years old had lower exotic species richness than younger (10–20 years) sites, indicating a developmental threshold that provided some resistance to exotic species establishment. However, the prevalence of exotic species in urban seed rain will allow reinvasion through edge habitat and following disturbance to canopy vegetation. Persistent soil seed banks from both urban and rural sites were dominated by exotic herbaceous species and native fern species, while few other native forest species were found to persist for >1 year in the seed bank. Enrichment planting will be required for those native species with limited dispersal or short-lived seeds, thus improving native seed availability in urban forests as more planted species mature reproductively. Further research into species seed  traits and seedling establishment is needed to refine effective management strategies for successful restoration  of urban native forests.

year: 2012

title: Scaling the mountain to principalship in New Zealand: The enablers and barriers in a female principal’s journey

authors: Mortimer, Samantha

abstract: This chapter describes the journey to school principalship of a New Zealand woman committed to making a difference for the students with whom she worked. Janet described her journey into and through leadership. She identified the enablers and barriers she experienced along the way and the identity work that enabled her to gain her first position as a school principal. Janet acknowledged the impact of gender, being a wife, and being a mother to a school-aged child, and the gender-specific expectations others have of principals, as barriers in her journey.

text: Scaling the mountain to principalship in New Zealand: The enablers and barriers in a female principal’s journey This chapter describes the journey to school principalship of a New Zealand woman committed to making a difference for the students with whom she worked. Janet described her journey into and through leadership. She identified the enablers and barriers she experienced along the way and the identity work that enabled her to gain her first position as a school principal. Janet acknowledged the impact of gender, being a wife, and being a mother to a school-aged child, and the gender-specific expectations others have of principals, as barriers in her journey.

year: 2018

title: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2013

authors: Waitoki, Waikaremoana

abstract: Annual report of the Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) 2013. The unit was established in August of 1997. The unit is designed to provide a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Maori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University, and the wider community

text: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2013 Annual report of the Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) 2013. The unit was established in August of 1997. The unit is designed to provide a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Maori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the University, and the wider community

year: 2013