title: Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as chemical visualisation reagents for latent fingerprint development

authors: Murphy, Karen Ann

abstract: The focus of the research presented in this thesis was the investigation of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as potential reagents for the development of latent fingerprints. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are structurally related compounds which have many features in common, including the ability to substitute a wide variety of metal ions into the core of the macrocyclic ring, along with the ability to attach a vast range of functional groups to the periphery of the macrocyclic ring and to the metal centre. These compounds also exhibit diverse absorption and emission spectra, which are sensitive to the metal ions and functional groups incorporated. Porphyrins are the most abundant colouring matter found in nature, and phthalocyanines are used extensively as colouring agents. These qualities indicate that such compounds are good candidates for fingerprint reagents. 

A porphyrin and several phthalocyanines were synthesised, characterised, and appraised as potential fingerprint reagents. All compounds examined showed reactivity towards one or more fingerprint components. In particular it was found that dihydroxytetraphenylporphyrinatotin(IV) was capable of developing prints via reaction with water and non-water soluble fingerprint components. This compound may have application for the development of fingerprints on substrates such as thermal paper. It may also be a useful prior treatment to Physical Developer, a currently used technique for the development of fingerprints that have been exposed to water. Another compound, copper(II) tetrachlorosulfonylphthalocyanine was found to develop prints by reaction with water soluble fingerprint components. This compound may be of use on substrates where currently available methods give low contrasting fingerprints. Overall it was determined that porphyrins and phthalocyanines show genuine promise as fingerprint reagents and that further research in this area is clearly warranted.

text: Porphyrins and phthalocyanines as chemical visualisation reagents for latent fingerprint development The focus of the research presented in this thesis was the investigation of porphyrins and phthalocyanines as potential reagents for the development of latent fingerprints. Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are structurally related compounds which have many features in common, including the ability to substitute a wide variety of metal ions into the core of the macrocyclic ring, along with the ability to attach a vast range of functional groups to the periphery of the macrocyclic ring and to the metal centre. These compounds also exhibit diverse absorption and emission spectra, which are sensitive to the metal ions and functional groups incorporated. Porphyrins are the most abundant colouring matter found in nature, and phthalocyanines are used extensively as colouring agents. These qualities indicate that such compounds are good candidates for fingerprint reagents. 

A porphyrin and several phthalocyanines were synthesised, characterised, and appraised as potential fingerprint reagents. All compounds examined showed reactivity towards one or more fingerprint components. In particular it was found that dihydroxytetraphenylporphyrinatotin(IV) was capable of developing prints via reaction with water and non-water soluble fingerprint components. This compound may have application for the development of fingerprints on substrates such as thermal paper. It may also be a useful prior treatment to Physical Developer, a currently used technique for the development of fingerprints that have been exposed to water. Another compound, copper(II) tetrachlorosulfonylphthalocyanine was found to develop prints by reaction with water soluble fingerprint components. This compound may be of use on substrates where currently available methods give low contrasting fingerprints. Overall it was determined that porphyrins and phthalocyanines show genuine promise as fingerprint reagents and that further research in this area is clearly warranted.

year: 1999

title: Catchment modelling with SWAT – fact sheet

authors: Me, W

abstract: Catchment models determine the source and extent of water quality problems in a catchment. Catchment models may be used to identify 'hotspots' in a region and once calibrated these models may be used to test various land management, land use, and climate-change scenarios. SWAT (Soil & Water assessment tool) is a relatively complex model. The development of SWAT is a continuation of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) modelling experience spanning more than 30 years. SWAT has been used with some degree of success by the LERNZ group at The University of Waikato and it has been applied to several New Zealand catchments. The model is capable of producing daily discharge and nutrient and sediment loads to streams at a sub-catchment level. ArcSWAT is an ArcGIS-ArcView extension and graphical user input interface for SWAT.

text: Catchment modelling with SWAT – fact sheet Catchment models determine the source and extent of water quality problems in a catchment. Catchment models may be used to identify 'hotspots' in a region and once calibrated these models may be used to test various land management, land use, and climate-change scenarios. SWAT (Soil & Water assessment tool) is a relatively complex model. The development of SWAT is a continuation of USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) modelling experience spanning more than 30 years. SWAT has been used with some degree of success by the LERNZ group at The University of Waikato and it has been applied to several New Zealand catchments. The model is capable of producing daily discharge and nutrient and sediment loads to streams at a sub-catchment level. ArcSWAT is an ArcGIS-ArcView extension and graphical user input interface for SWAT.

year: 2015

title: Introduction to special section on Māori culture and education.

authors: Bishop, Russell

subjects: language policy

abstract: An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the need for coordinated language policy, the Treaty of Waitangi, and monoculturalism.

text: Introduction to special section on Māori culture and education. An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the need for coordinated language policy, the Treaty of Waitangi, and monoculturalism.

year: 2002