title: Dr Willem De Lange - Update Report for Mediation

authors: de Lange, Willem P.

abstract: 1 The Te Puru Group, involving 5 properties at the southern end of the Te Puru fan-delta, agreed to engage in ‘without prejudice’ discussions with Council. 
2 I have previously prepared evidence for the Te Puru Group relating to the nature of the coastal hazards affecting their properties and the location of the CEL. A key finding was that the Te Puru fan-delta (an alluvial fan that is prograding into a water body) is an accretionary landform that is continuing to accrete, primarily in response to episodic events (debris flows). In my opinion, accretion is likely to continue in the future. 
3 The Te Puru Group have provided me with a letter to the TCDC, dated 15 September 2016 and marked Without Predjudice, which is attached as Appendix A. I have read this letter, which outlines a number of suggestions to allow specified activities seaward of the CEL by affected landowners. 
4 Subsequent to the hearing, additional data have become available on the evolution of the fan-deltas of the Western Coromandel, including Te Puru. This document summarises the additional data and discusses the implications for the potential shoreline changes at the southern end of Te Puru fan-delta pertinent to the suggestions made in the letter.

text: Dr Willem De Lange - Update Report for Mediation 1 The Te Puru Group, involving 5 properties at the southern end of the Te Puru fan-delta, agreed to engage in ‘without prejudice’ discussions with Council. 
2 I have previously prepared evidence for the Te Puru Group relating to the nature of the coastal hazards affecting their properties and the location of the CEL. A key finding was that the Te Puru fan-delta (an alluvial fan that is prograding into a water body) is an accretionary landform that is continuing to accrete, primarily in response to episodic events (debris flows). In my opinion, accretion is likely to continue in the future. 
3 The Te Puru Group have provided me with a letter to the TCDC, dated 15 September 2016 and marked Without Predjudice, which is attached as Appendix A. I have read this letter, which outlines a number of suggestions to allow specified activities seaward of the CEL by affected landowners. 
4 Subsequent to the hearing, additional data have become available on the evolution of the fan-deltas of the Western Coromandel, including Te Puru. This document summarises the additional data and discusses the implications for the potential shoreline changes at the southern end of Te Puru fan-delta pertinent to the suggestions made in the letter.

year: 2017

title: EDTA in dairy wastewater and removal efficiency - A case study

authors: Xie, Congmin Zoe

subjects: EDTA cleaning

abstract: EDTA is the most widely used chelating agent for removal of undesirable cations in many industrial applications such as the dairy industry. It is generally considered to be non-biodegradable by conventional wastewater treatment, thereby potentially producing an environmental health risk. Under suitable conditions, however, EDTA has been reported to be effectively degraded by micro organisms during wastewater treatment. This study examined degradation of EDTA from a dairy wastewater treatment process in New Zealand operated at pH 8.0-8.2, with a three-week sludge retention time. An HPLC-UV analytical method was used to measure EDTA. A wide range of EDTA concentrations (93 to 5194 μg/L) was measured in the influent entering the wastewater treatment plant, while concentrations of 72-260 μg/L were measured in dairy effluent discharged into the local stream. About 93% of EDTA was degraded by the wastewater treatment. This study demonstrates that the wastewater treatment process at a dairy plant in New Zealand was very effective in removing EDTA.

text: EDTA in dairy wastewater and removal efficiency - A case study EDTA is the most widely used chelating agent for removal of undesirable cations in many industrial applications such as the dairy industry. It is generally considered to be non-biodegradable by conventional wastewater treatment, thereby potentially producing an environmental health risk. Under suitable conditions, however, EDTA has been reported to be effectively degraded by micro organisms during wastewater treatment. This study examined degradation of EDTA from a dairy wastewater treatment process in New Zealand operated at pH 8.0-8.2, with a three-week sludge retention time. An HPLC-UV analytical method was used to measure EDTA. A wide range of EDTA concentrations (93 to 5194 μg/L) was measured in the influent entering the wastewater treatment plant, while concentrations of 72-260 μg/L were measured in dairy effluent discharged into the local stream. About 93% of EDTA was degraded by the wastewater treatment. This study demonstrates that the wastewater treatment process at a dairy plant in New Zealand was very effective in removing EDTA.

year: 2012

title: Images of Pakeha-Māori: A Study of the Representation of Pakeha-Māori by Historians of New Zealand From Arthur Thomson (1859) to James Belich (1996)

authors: Bentley, Trevor William

subjects: Pakeha-Maori

abstract: This thesis investigates how Pakeha-Māori have been represented in New Zealand non-fiction writing during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The chronological and textual boundaries range from Arthur Thomson's seminal history The Story of New Zealand (1859) to James Belich's Making Peoples (1996). It examines the discursive inventions and reinventions of Pakeha-Māori from the stereotypical images of the Victorian era to modern times when the contact zone has become a subject of critical investigation and a sign of changing intellectual dynamics in New Zealand and elsewhere.

This thesis is about the history of attitudes to culture-crossers in New Zealand, the use of the term 'Pakeha-Māori', and the images that underlie the thinking of Britons and Pakeha about them. It explores the motives and backgrounds of specific authors and the ways in which they frame New Zealand history. It elucidates the ambiguous and contradictory perspectives of Pakeha-Māori in the literature and analyses its impact on changing public perceptions about them. The study critiques the literature with emphasis on theoretically informed research, historical analysis, and literary insights. Discussion is confined to published texts, with the aim of exploring the multiplicity of Pakeha-Māori images and the processes that gave rise to them.

This study is essentially an investigation into how and why historians and other scholars try to draw boundaries between cultures in order to create a satisfactory metanarrative or myth of the 'settlement' of New Zealand and thus to forge a sense of New Zealandness. The cultural and racial categories of 'Māori' and 'Pakeha' are very unstable, however, and a consideration of the 'in-between' or 'culture-crossing' category of 'Pakeha-Māori' can reveal the way in which 'Māori' and 'Pakeha' and a sense of New Zealand and New Zealanders have been constructed. More particularly, consideration of representations of those culture-crossers or race-crossers called Pakeha-Māori can reveal the hopes and fears of Pakeha writers regarding Pakeha, Māori and New Zealand and how Pakeha-Māori have frequently been a barometer or litmus test of public perceptions of relations between Māori and Pakeha in different historical periods.

text: Images of Pakeha-Māori: A Study of the Representation of Pakeha-Māori by Historians of New Zealand From Arthur Thomson (1859) to James Belich (1996) This thesis investigates how Pakeha-Māori have been represented in New Zealand non-fiction writing during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The chronological and textual boundaries range from Arthur Thomson's seminal history The Story of New Zealand (1859) to James Belich's Making Peoples (1996). It examines the discursive inventions and reinventions of Pakeha-Māori from the stereotypical images of the Victorian era to modern times when the contact zone has become a subject of critical investigation and a sign of changing intellectual dynamics in New Zealand and elsewhere.

This thesis is about the history of attitudes to culture-crossers in New Zealand, the use of the term 'Pakeha-Māori', and the images that underlie the thinking of Britons and Pakeha about them. It explores the motives and backgrounds of specific authors and the ways in which they frame New Zealand history. It elucidates the ambiguous and contradictory perspectives of Pakeha-Māori in the literature and analyses its impact on changing public perceptions about them. The study critiques the literature with emphasis on theoretically informed research, historical analysis, and literary insights. Discussion is confined to published texts, with the aim of exploring the multiplicity of Pakeha-Māori images and the processes that gave rise to them.

This study is essentially an investigation into how and why historians and other scholars try to draw boundaries between cultures in order to create a satisfactory metanarrative or myth of the 'settlement' of New Zealand and thus to forge a sense of New Zealandness. The cultural and racial categories of 'Māori' and 'Pakeha' are very unstable, however, and a consideration of the 'in-between' or 'culture-crossing' category of 'Pakeha-Māori' can reveal the way in which 'Māori' and 'Pakeha' and a sense of New Zealand and New Zealanders have been constructed. More particularly, consideration of representations of those culture-crossers or race-crossers called Pakeha-Māori can reveal the hopes and fears of Pakeha writers regarding Pakeha, Māori and New Zealand and how Pakeha-Māori have frequently been a barometer or litmus test of public perceptions of relations between Māori and Pakeha in different historical periods.

year: 2007