title: Drifting along or dropping into homelessness: A class analysis of responses to homelessness

authors: Hodgetts, Darrin

subjects: Abjection

abstract: Prominent assumptions about street homelessness and how it should be addressed originate primarily from middle class domiciled worldviews. This article draws on interviews with 58 street homeless people to develop a typology for explaining different forms of homelessness resulting from differences in class of origin. The concepts of social distance and abjection are used to illustrate how class politics manifests in street homelessness and in responses to this issue. Many of our homeless participants referred to two broad groupings of homeless people who display distinct experiences and cultures in their daily lives on the streets. Drifters are people who do not experience homelessness as a sharp disjuncture from their previously housed life. Street homelessness is a continuation of the hardships of their lower class backgrounds. Droppers are people who have “fallen” on hard times and aspire to return to mainstream middle class lifeworlds. Differentiating between these two groups provides a space for defamiliarizing dominant understandings of, and current generic responses to, homelessness and foregrounds the need for reorienting services to better meet the needs of drifters.

text: Drifting along or dropping into homelessness: A class analysis of responses to homelessness Prominent assumptions about street homelessness and how it should be addressed originate primarily from middle class domiciled worldviews. This article draws on interviews with 58 street homeless people to develop a typology for explaining different forms of homelessness resulting from differences in class of origin. The concepts of social distance and abjection are used to illustrate how class politics manifests in street homelessness and in responses to this issue. Many of our homeless participants referred to two broad groupings of homeless people who display distinct experiences and cultures in their daily lives on the streets. Drifters are people who do not experience homelessness as a sharp disjuncture from their previously housed life. Street homelessness is a continuation of the hardships of their lower class backgrounds. Droppers are people who have “fallen” on hard times and aspire to return to mainstream middle class lifeworlds. Differentiating between these two groups provides a space for defamiliarizing dominant understandings of, and current generic responses to, homelessness and foregrounds the need for reorienting services to better meet the needs of drifters.

year: 2012

title: Nitrogen yields into the Tauranga Harbour based on sub-catchment land use

authors: Morcom, Christopher Paul

subjects: Nitrogen Yield

abstract: Changes in land use and management practices can have significant impacts on freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. In order to preserve the economic, cultural, recreational, and ecological value of these environments, it is important that the effects of land use change on water quality are well understood. This thesis examines the nitrogen yield into the Tauranga Harbour, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to examine the nitrogen yield from the Wairoa River under the present land use, as well as two hypothetical scenarios consisting of either only indigenous forest or agriculture. The Wairoa River represents more than 50 percent of discharge into the harbour. In addition to the numerical modelling, recorded data from a number of catchments in the area were also analysed to examine the spatial distribution of nitrogen yield into the Tauranga harbour. Analysis of both the simulation output and recorded data shows an increase in nitrogen yield with increased agricultural area. The recorded data also shows a strong relationship between urban and industrial area and nitrogen concentration. Long term trends are difficult to determine using the recorded data due to the high variability in nitrogen yield that is shown in the SWAT model output. Model outputs from different land use scenarios show changes in the temporal cycle of nitrogen yield. Increased agricultural area caused nitrogen yields to increase during winter, and decrease during summer. Increasing the indigenous forest area had the opposite effect, reducing nitrogen yield over winter, and increasing yield over summer.

text: Nitrogen yields into the Tauranga Harbour based on sub-catchment land use Changes in land use and management practices can have significant impacts on freshwater, estuarine and marine environments. In order to preserve the economic, cultural, recreational, and ecological value of these environments, it is important that the effects of land use change on water quality are well understood. This thesis examines the nitrogen yield into the Tauranga Harbour, on the east coast of the North Island of New Zealand. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to examine the nitrogen yield from the Wairoa River under the present land use, as well as two hypothetical scenarios consisting of either only indigenous forest or agriculture. The Wairoa River represents more than 50 percent of discharge into the harbour. In addition to the numerical modelling, recorded data from a number of catchments in the area were also analysed to examine the spatial distribution of nitrogen yield into the Tauranga harbour. Analysis of both the simulation output and recorded data shows an increase in nitrogen yield with increased agricultural area. The recorded data also shows a strong relationship between urban and industrial area and nitrogen concentration. Long term trends are difficult to determine using the recorded data due to the high variability in nitrogen yield that is shown in the SWAT model output. Model outputs from different land use scenarios show changes in the temporal cycle of nitrogen yield. Increased agricultural area caused nitrogen yields to increase during winter, and decrease during summer. Increasing the indigenous forest area had the opposite effect, reducing nitrogen yield over winter, and increasing yield over summer.

year: 2013

title: Supervision of Maori doctoral students: A descriptive report

authors: McKinley, Elizabeth

subjects: Maori education

abstract: This report follows up a previous paper that outlined the goals and plans of a research project that focused on both theoretical and cultural questions regarding the supervisory process for Māori doctoral students (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin, & Williams, 2007). The major goal of the project is to enhance understanding of the teaching and learning process of supervision for students and supervisors, particularly around issues of culture that arise in research methodologies and practices. This paper reports on the completed project by providing further operational background, design features, the nature of the student and supervisor samples and a summary of interview findings. The results show that there are indeed distinctive issues arising within the supervision of Māori doctoral students. Some of these are to do with both pleasures and challenges found in the supervision relationship, while others relate to the kinds of projects the students undertake. Many projects for example, push at the disciplinary boundaries of Western knowledge and are often rooted in a political desire to enhance the everyday lives of Māori. Yet others are connected to identity formation processes that concern many Māori during their years as doctoral students. A central message for supervisors from this work is that the supervision of Māori doctoral students may require unfamiliar forms of engagement but that these are likely to be deeply rewarding in many different ways.

text: Supervision of Maori doctoral students: A descriptive report This report follows up a previous paper that outlined the goals and plans of a research project that focused on both theoretical and cultural questions regarding the supervisory process for Māori doctoral students (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin, & Williams, 2007). The major goal of the project is to enhance understanding of the teaching and learning process of supervision for students and supervisors, particularly around issues of culture that arise in research methodologies and practices. This paper reports on the completed project by providing further operational background, design features, the nature of the student and supervisor samples and a summary of interview findings. The results show that there are indeed distinctive issues arising within the supervision of Māori doctoral students. Some of these are to do with both pleasures and challenges found in the supervision relationship, while others relate to the kinds of projects the students undertake. Many projects for example, push at the disciplinary boundaries of Western knowledge and are often rooted in a political desire to enhance the everyday lives of Māori. Yet others are connected to identity formation processes that concern many Māori during their years as doctoral students. A central message for supervisors from this work is that the supervision of Māori doctoral students may require unfamiliar forms of engagement but that these are likely to be deeply rewarding in many different ways.

year: 2009