title: Work-family interface predicting needs satisfaction: The benefits for senior management

authors: Roche, Maree A.

subjects: work-family conflict

abstract: Work-family conflict and enrichment were used to predict the needs satisfaction of autonomy, competence and relatedness on a sample of 418 New Zealand managers. Work-family and family work conflict was negatively related to autonomy, while family-work conflict was also negatively related to competence and relatedness. Work-family enrichment was positively related to autonomy, while family-work enrichment was positively related to competence and relatedness. In addition, the findings suggest senior managers will have the freedom and skills from their position to better leverage the work-family interface. Results from interaction effects found senior managers reporting higher satisfaction of needs than junior managers at all levels of the work family interface. Overall, findings support the work-family interface influencing three needs satisfaction.

text: Work-family interface predicting needs satisfaction: The benefits for senior management Work-family conflict and enrichment were used to predict the needs satisfaction of autonomy, competence and relatedness on a sample of 418 New Zealand managers. Work-family and family work conflict was negatively related to autonomy, while family-work conflict was also negatively related to competence and relatedness. Work-family enrichment was positively related to autonomy, while family-work enrichment was positively related to competence and relatedness. In addition, the findings suggest senior managers will have the freedom and skills from their position to better leverage the work-family interface. Results from interaction effects found senior managers reporting higher satisfaction of needs than junior managers at all levels of the work family interface. Overall, findings support the work-family interface influencing three needs satisfaction.

year: 2010

title: Body Weight as a Motivating Operation: The Effect of Body Weight on Demand for Food in Hens.

authors: Andrews, Tegan Emily Anne-Marie

abstract: Demand for wheat and puffed wheat was examined in six hens, using an ascending geometric progression of fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Hens responded by pecking a key for 2-s access to food in 40-min sessions. The body weight criterion used to decide if a hen was to be placed in an experimental session differed across conditions, to determine if this would affect performance, using wheat and puffed wheat as reinforcers in different conditions. In the first experiment the hens were maintained by post-session feeding at 80 ± 5% of their free-feeding body weights. In Conditions 1 and 2 the hens were placed in a session even when they were more than 5 % above the target weight. In Conditions 3 and 4 they were placed in a session if their body weight was within the specified range, meaning there could be several days between sessions. There were clear differences resulting from food type, both in behaviour under the fixed ratio schedules, and in the resulting demand functions (with consumption measured as either number of reinforcers or weight of food obtained). Wheat resulted in lower overall response rates than puffed wheat at low fixed ratio values. The body weight criterion did not result in large effects on performance, however, the more relaxed body weight criterion gave a higher essential value for puffed wheat than for wheat (replicating Foster et al., 2009), whereas, the strict body weight criterion gave a lower essential value for puffed wheat than for wheat under the analysis proposed by Hursh and Silberberg (2008) and using number of reinforcers as the consumption measure. A second experiment replicated Jackson (2011), using the same two foods, strict body weight criteria and sessions which terminated after 40 reinforcers or 40-min. The resulting data were similar to Jackson (2011), who found similar performance for both foods. The difference between the demand functions for the two foods, with reinforcer rate as the consumption measure, were greatly reduced in comparison to Experiment 1. The essential value of the two foods was not consistently different across hens. These results suggest that the session termination criterion did affect demand.

text: Body Weight as a Motivating Operation: The Effect of Body Weight on Demand for Food in Hens. Demand for wheat and puffed wheat was examined in six hens, using an ascending geometric progression of fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Hens responded by pecking a key for 2-s access to food in 40-min sessions. The body weight criterion used to decide if a hen was to be placed in an experimental session differed across conditions, to determine if this would affect performance, using wheat and puffed wheat as reinforcers in different conditions. In the first experiment the hens were maintained by post-session feeding at 80 ± 5% of their free-feeding body weights. In Conditions 1 and 2 the hens were placed in a session even when they were more than 5 % above the target weight. In Conditions 3 and 4 they were placed in a session if their body weight was within the specified range, meaning there could be several days between sessions. There were clear differences resulting from food type, both in behaviour under the fixed ratio schedules, and in the resulting demand functions (with consumption measured as either number of reinforcers or weight of food obtained). Wheat resulted in lower overall response rates than puffed wheat at low fixed ratio values. The body weight criterion did not result in large effects on performance, however, the more relaxed body weight criterion gave a higher essential value for puffed wheat than for wheat (replicating Foster et al., 2009), whereas, the strict body weight criterion gave a lower essential value for puffed wheat than for wheat under the analysis proposed by Hursh and Silberberg (2008) and using number of reinforcers as the consumption measure. A second experiment replicated Jackson (2011), using the same two foods, strict body weight criteria and sessions which terminated after 40 reinforcers or 40-min. The resulting data were similar to Jackson (2011), who found similar performance for both foods. The difference between the demand functions for the two foods, with reinforcer rate as the consumption measure, were greatly reduced in comparison to Experiment 1. The essential value of the two foods was not consistently different across hens. These results suggest that the session termination criterion did affect demand.

year: 2014

title: Young Māori mothers and bed-sharing with their pēpi/baby: A case study focusing on the relevance and influence of three varying health promotion resources

authors: Haereroa, Nikki M.

subjects: Māori

abstract: Māori Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) rates are significantly higher than non-Māori. Bed-sharing is considered to be one of the major modifiable risk factors associated with SUDI rates (Mitchell et al., 1992), although there is strong opposition that suggests bed-sharing can act as a preventative measure against SUDI (McKenna & McDade, 2005). As a result of quantitative research and statistical data, many health promotion messages now focus on discouraging the practice of bed-sharing, whether it be through policy implementation throughout hospitals or through to health promotion guidelines. Although there is a high incidence of Māori SUDI rates, there has been little emphasis on Māori perspectives and insights into the practice. Of the few qualitative studies that focus on infant sleep practices, a significant finding is the high prevalence of Māori who bed-share regularly (Tipene-Leach et al., 2010). This paper will investigate the motivations and rationale of bed-sharing amongst young urban Māori mothers to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation into the lived realities of this group. The lack of consultation with a group that has been classed by New Zealand Government bodies, the Health Quality and Safety Commission and Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee Group, as ‘most at risk’ of experiencing a SUDI, maybe a contributing factor to the high Māori SUDI rates. This has brought about the question of whether current health resources are relevant and/or influence young Māori mothers. Using a Te Whare Tapa Wha framework within a Kaupapa Māori Research methodology, this paper provides a unique and much-needed perspective into the lives of young Māori mothers. The purpose of this research overall is: if health resources and messages are not relevant to a community and they have little or no influence over infant care practices, then do health professionals and researchers need to rethink current strategies and working models to ensure we focus on the real, lived needs of our community?

text: Young Māori mothers and bed-sharing with their pēpi/baby: A case study focusing on the relevance and influence of three varying health promotion resources Māori Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy (SUDI) rates are significantly higher than non-Māori. Bed-sharing is considered to be one of the major modifiable risk factors associated with SUDI rates (Mitchell et al., 1992), although there is strong opposition that suggests bed-sharing can act as a preventative measure against SUDI (McKenna & McDade, 2005). As a result of quantitative research and statistical data, many health promotion messages now focus on discouraging the practice of bed-sharing, whether it be through policy implementation throughout hospitals or through to health promotion guidelines. Although there is a high incidence of Māori SUDI rates, there has been little emphasis on Māori perspectives and insights into the practice. Of the few qualitative studies that focus on infant sleep practices, a significant finding is the high prevalence of Māori who bed-share regularly (Tipene-Leach et al., 2010). This paper will investigate the motivations and rationale of bed-sharing amongst young urban Māori mothers to gain a deeper understanding and appreciation into the lived realities of this group. The lack of consultation with a group that has been classed by New Zealand Government bodies, the Health Quality and Safety Commission and Child and Youth Mortality Review Committee Group, as ‘most at risk’ of experiencing a SUDI, maybe a contributing factor to the high Māori SUDI rates. This has brought about the question of whether current health resources are relevant and/or influence young Māori mothers. Using a Te Whare Tapa Wha framework within a Kaupapa Māori Research methodology, this paper provides a unique and much-needed perspective into the lives of young Māori mothers. The purpose of this research overall is: if health resources and messages are not relevant to a community and they have little or no influence over infant care practices, then do health professionals and researchers need to rethink current strategies and working models to ensure we focus on the real, lived needs of our community?

year: 2015