title: Clinical Governance, Performance Appraisal and Interactional and Procedural Fairness at a New Zealand Public Hospital

authors: Clarke, Carol

subjects: clinical governance

abstract: This paper explores the conduct of performance appraisals of nurses in a New Zealand hospital, and how fairness is perceived in such appraisals. In the health sector, performance appraisals of medical staff play a key role in implementing clinical governance, which, in turn, is critical to containing health care costs and ensuring quality patient care. Effective appraisals depend on employees perceiving their own appraisals to be fair both in terms of procedure and interaction with their respective appraiser. We examine qualitative data from interviews and focus groups, involving 22 nurses in a single department, to determine whether perceived injustices impact on the effective implementation of the appraisal system. Our results suggest that particular issues had been causing some sense of injustice, and most of these were procedural. Potential solutions focus on greater formalisation of the performance appraisal process, and more training for appraisers and appraisees.

text: Clinical Governance, Performance Appraisal and Interactional and Procedural Fairness at a New Zealand Public Hospital This paper explores the conduct of performance appraisals of nurses in a New Zealand hospital, and how fairness is perceived in such appraisals. In the health sector, performance appraisals of medical staff play a key role in implementing clinical governance, which, in turn, is critical to containing health care costs and ensuring quality patient care. Effective appraisals depend on employees perceiving their own appraisals to be fair both in terms of procedure and interaction with their respective appraiser. We examine qualitative data from interviews and focus groups, involving 22 nurses in a single department, to determine whether perceived injustices impact on the effective implementation of the appraisal system. Our results suggest that particular issues had been causing some sense of injustice, and most of these were procedural. Potential solutions focus on greater formalisation of the performance appraisal process, and more training for appraisers and appraisees.

year: 2012

title: Children in the physical collection: Implications for the digital library

authors: Cunningham, Sally Jo

subjects: computer science

abstract: Finding a good book can be difficult, particularly for young readers. This paper adds to our understanding of how children select books for recreational reading by exploring the ‘native’ strategies (both successful and ineffective) that children employ in physical bookstores and libraries. The insights gained from how children find and select books in the physical environment are applied to suggest design guidelines for a children's digital library.

text: Children in the physical collection: Implications for the digital library Finding a good book can be difficult, particularly for young readers. This paper adds to our understanding of how children select books for recreational reading by exploring the ‘native’ strategies (both successful and ineffective) that children employ in physical bookstores and libraries. The insights gained from how children find and select books in the physical environment are applied to suggest design guidelines for a children's digital library.

year: 2012

title: Pātangaroa: Co-developing management strategies for a starfish outbreak in Ōhiwa Harbour

authors: Ranapia, Megan

subjects: marine management

abstract: The management of marine environments often prioritises scientific information to address complex marine social-ecological issues. However, there is a wealth of learning to be gained from Indigenous people who have generated place-based intergenerational understandings and cultural ethics and practices. Consequently, Indigenous knowledge alongside science can offer better insights, holistic understanding, sustainable management strategies and greater sources of evidence. This research is located in Aotearoa New Zealand and engages in mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) alongside marine ecology as an appropriate method for contemporary marine research and management. The thesis study focused on Ōhiwa Harbour, aiming to co-develop a starfish management action plan (SMAP) with local iwi (tribe) Ngāti Awa and other affiliated iwi, district councils and regional council to address the overabundant starfish (species: Coscinasterias muricata and Patiriella regularis). By engaging in transdisciplinary research and collaborative decision-making, this study sought to bridge the gap between Indigenous knowledge and mainstream science, offering lessons for inclusive marine management practices.

To achieve this, I developed and prescribed a co-developed framework actively promoting a mixed-methods approach, inclusive of kaupapa Māori research methodologies, tikanga, participatory design, applied mātauranga ā iwi, quantitative marine scientific field methods and experimental study design. Through the collaborative process, I identified areas of appropriate research aims and methods. This included co-developing a novel starfish trapping methodology sensitive to local ecology and cultural values and an experimental starfish removal study to assist decision-makers in implementing an efficient and effective starfish removal regime as an approach to management.

Results from the field studies showed the efficacy of starfish traps is dependent on environmental conditions, physical characteristics and soaking time (the length of time the trap is left in the water). A soaking time of 48 h maintained the highest starfish catch per unit effort (CPUE) while minimising time to re-bait and reset traps. Observations also indicated an open trap design had less bycatch than a semi-enclosed box trap and could withstand the tidal currents for a longer period. The findings found that bait type did not impact on CPUE. In the starfish removal study, the combined effort of diver removals and trapping produced higher daily catch rates than the single treatments (i.e., diver removals only or trapping only), therefore was themost efficient removal method. The empirical information gathered from the field studies was then used to inform the SMAP and was accepted unanimously at the highest local/regional co-management level. Furthermore, through the findings I identified future research opportunities that would further close gaps in our knowledge around the best management approaches for a starfish outbreak. These included investigation into the predation impacts of P. regularis on mussel recruitment, identification of alternative restoration sites less susceptible to starfish predation pressures and investigation of potential drivers of the starfish outbreak.

Overall, the acceptance of the SMAP by local iwi/hapū and government authorities underscores the success of the collaborative approach. The collaborative process not only addresses the immediate concerns of starfish infestation but contributed to the broader goal of supporting kaitiakitanga (active guardianship) responsibilities and promoting Indigenous perspectives in marine management. This thesis demonstrates and recommends a new approach to starfish management in coastal marine areas using both marine science and mātauranga Māori understandings, practices and ethics, furthermore, it demonstrates the commitment to the inclusion of multiple knowledge systems and involvement of communities.

text: Pātangaroa: Co-developing management strategies for a starfish outbreak in Ōhiwa Harbour The management of marine environments often prioritises scientific information to address complex marine social-ecological issues. However, there is a wealth of learning to be gained from Indigenous people who have generated place-based intergenerational understandings and cultural ethics and practices. Consequently, Indigenous knowledge alongside science can offer better insights, holistic understanding, sustainable management strategies and greater sources of evidence. This research is located in Aotearoa New Zealand and engages in mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) alongside marine ecology as an appropriate method for contemporary marine research and management. The thesis study focused on Ōhiwa Harbour, aiming to co-develop a starfish management action plan (SMAP) with local iwi (tribe) Ngāti Awa and other affiliated iwi, district councils and regional council to address the overabundant starfish (species: Coscinasterias muricata and Patiriella regularis). By engaging in transdisciplinary research and collaborative decision-making, this study sought to bridge the gap between Indigenous knowledge and mainstream science, offering lessons for inclusive marine management practices.

To achieve this, I developed and prescribed a co-developed framework actively promoting a mixed-methods approach, inclusive of kaupapa Māori research methodologies, tikanga, participatory design, applied mātauranga ā iwi, quantitative marine scientific field methods and experimental study design. Through the collaborative process, I identified areas of appropriate research aims and methods. This included co-developing a novel starfish trapping methodology sensitive to local ecology and cultural values and an experimental starfish removal study to assist decision-makers in implementing an efficient and effective starfish removal regime as an approach to management.

Results from the field studies showed the efficacy of starfish traps is dependent on environmental conditions, physical characteristics and soaking time (the length of time the trap is left in the water). A soaking time of 48 h maintained the highest starfish catch per unit effort (CPUE) while minimising time to re-bait and reset traps. Observations also indicated an open trap design had less bycatch than a semi-enclosed box trap and could withstand the tidal currents for a longer period. The findings found that bait type did not impact on CPUE. In the starfish removal study, the combined effort of diver removals and trapping produced higher daily catch rates than the single treatments (i.e., diver removals only or trapping only), therefore was themost efficient removal method. The empirical information gathered from the field studies was then used to inform the SMAP and was accepted unanimously at the highest local/regional co-management level. Furthermore, through the findings I identified future research opportunities that would further close gaps in our knowledge around the best management approaches for a starfish outbreak. These included investigation into the predation impacts of P. regularis on mussel recruitment, identification of alternative restoration sites less susceptible to starfish predation pressures and investigation of potential drivers of the starfish outbreak.

Overall, the acceptance of the SMAP by local iwi/hapū and government authorities underscores the success of the collaborative approach. The collaborative process not only addresses the immediate concerns of starfish infestation but contributed to the broader goal of supporting kaitiakitanga (active guardianship) responsibilities and promoting Indigenous perspectives in marine management. This thesis demonstrates and recommends a new approach to starfish management in coastal marine areas using both marine science and mātauranga Māori understandings, practices and ethics, furthermore, it demonstrates the commitment to the inclusion of multiple knowledge systems and involvement of communities.

year: 2025-05