title: The Taranaki refugees 1860

authors: Elliot-Hogg, Natasha

subjects: Taranaki wars, New Zealand

abstract: This thesis investigates a previously unexplored aspect of the Taranaki wars by examining the circumstances surrounding the evacuation of refugees to Nelson, from New Plymouth, in 1860. Most of the data has been gained from official sources, although personal diaries and letters and contemporary newspapers have also been used. Because of the absence of a precedent in New Zealand history, no analytical model has been used in this research. 
It is argued that when war broke out, the provincial authorities had little support in the community to force the removal of women and children, and that, for a time, the military authorities were also uninterested in evacuating the non-combatants. The management and distribution of donations given to the refugees is assessed, as well as the response to their plight, by other provinces, and the effect parochialism might have had on the aid they gave. Attention has been given to the different refugee experiences in Nelson and how they coped with their situation. The General Government's method in determining if, and how, compensation should be awarded is examined, as is their disbursement of the funds. 
This was the first, and last time, that half the civilian population of a New Zealand province had been evacuated during a time of crisis. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the refugee experience, and their responses to their evacuation and eventual return to Taranaki to rebuild their homes and livelihoods once fighting had ceased.

text: The Taranaki refugees 1860 This thesis investigates a previously unexplored aspect of the Taranaki wars by examining the circumstances surrounding the evacuation of refugees to Nelson, from New Plymouth, in 1860. Most of the data has been gained from official sources, although personal diaries and letters and contemporary newspapers have also been used. Because of the absence of a precedent in New Zealand history, no analytical model has been used in this research. 
It is argued that when war broke out, the provincial authorities had little support in the community to force the removal of women and children, and that, for a time, the military authorities were also uninterested in evacuating the non-combatants. The management and distribution of donations given to the refugees is assessed, as well as the response to their plight, by other provinces, and the effect parochialism might have had on the aid they gave. Attention has been given to the different refugee experiences in Nelson and how they coped with their situation. The General Government's method in determining if, and how, compensation should be awarded is examined, as is their disbursement of the funds. 
This was the first, and last time, that half the civilian population of a New Zealand province had been evacuated during a time of crisis. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the refugee experience, and their responses to their evacuation and eventual return to Taranaki to rebuild their homes and livelihoods once fighting had ceased.

year: 1999

title: An explorative study of the encoding/decoding model in respect to television news in Papua New Guinea

authors: Lagdom, Nancy

subjects: Papua New Guinea Media

abstract: Television in Papua New Guinea strives to exist in a pluralistic society characterised by diverse local cultures and traditions that blend with Western influences. It is important to understand the role of television and its influence on such a pluralistic country as it continues to go through the process of nation building. Global advances in media and technology that will one day penetrate deep into such societies will need to be understood; however, this may not be possible without first setting the context for television, which is tied into the country’s post-colonial history. 
This study looks at television news producers and audiences in regard to the encoding/decoding model, in order to understand the role television has played in Papua New Guinea in terms of nation building. There is, however, very little literature on television news producers and audiences in PNG. As such, an explorative approach was taken to look into the encoding and decoding of EMTV news by journalists and student audiences.
The main questions addressed in this thesis are: Why do journalists make/report/produce news? How do journalist make/report/produce news? Why do student audiences watch news? How do student audiences watch news? What meanings are encoded by journalists onto the news discourse? What implications can be drawn from the news discourse? What meanings do student audiences decode from the news discourse?
The theoretical frameworks that inform this research include the “encoding/decoding” model of active audiences and the De-Westernizing Media model. A mixed method approach was taken, where four research methods were employed to look into encoding and decoding of EMTV news throughout its circuit of communication. In-depth interviews were carried out with four journalists, to understand their encoding roles, their personal motivations for the job, their perception of newsworthiness and the meanings they encode onto the news discourse. A total of 135 questionnaires were completed by student audiences, and a focus group was held with eight students. These were to understand audience encoding roles and experiences, their personal motivations for watching, their perception of newsworthiness, the meanings they decode and their overall perception of EMTV news. To further understand meanings within news discourse, a discourse analysis was carried out on a representative news sample to identify the implications embedded in the representative news bulletin.
By the end of the research, and after collating and analysing the data it was concluded that EMTV news has contributed negatively to nation building because of its focus on Western news values. Through its coverage of bad news or negative stories, it has created a negative image of the country and its people. EMTV news reports are biased in their choice of cultural representation, rather than blending the country’s rich and diverse cultures into creating a unified hegemonic identity. As a result, provincial identities emerge among student audiences, rather than a national identity.

text: An explorative study of the encoding/decoding model in respect to television news in Papua New Guinea Television in Papua New Guinea strives to exist in a pluralistic society characterised by diverse local cultures and traditions that blend with Western influences. It is important to understand the role of television and its influence on such a pluralistic country as it continues to go through the process of nation building. Global advances in media and technology that will one day penetrate deep into such societies will need to be understood; however, this may not be possible without first setting the context for television, which is tied into the country’s post-colonial history. 
This study looks at television news producers and audiences in regard to the encoding/decoding model, in order to understand the role television has played in Papua New Guinea in terms of nation building. There is, however, very little literature on television news producers and audiences in PNG. As such, an explorative approach was taken to look into the encoding and decoding of EMTV news by journalists and student audiences.
The main questions addressed in this thesis are: Why do journalists make/report/produce news? How do journalist make/report/produce news? Why do student audiences watch news? How do student audiences watch news? What meanings are encoded by journalists onto the news discourse? What implications can be drawn from the news discourse? What meanings do student audiences decode from the news discourse?
The theoretical frameworks that inform this research include the “encoding/decoding” model of active audiences and the De-Westernizing Media model. A mixed method approach was taken, where four research methods were employed to look into encoding and decoding of EMTV news throughout its circuit of communication. In-depth interviews were carried out with four journalists, to understand their encoding roles, their personal motivations for the job, their perception of newsworthiness and the meanings they encode onto the news discourse. A total of 135 questionnaires were completed by student audiences, and a focus group was held with eight students. These were to understand audience encoding roles and experiences, their personal motivations for watching, their perception of newsworthiness, the meanings they decode and their overall perception of EMTV news. To further understand meanings within news discourse, a discourse analysis was carried out on a representative news sample to identify the implications embedded in the representative news bulletin.
By the end of the research, and after collating and analysing the data it was concluded that EMTV news has contributed negatively to nation building because of its focus on Western news values. Through its coverage of bad news or negative stories, it has created a negative image of the country and its people. EMTV news reports are biased in their choice of cultural representation, rather than blending the country’s rich and diverse cultures into creating a unified hegemonic identity. As a result, provincial identities emerge among student audiences, rather than a national identity.

year: 2014

title: Hāwatewate

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Hāwatewate; this composition is in remembrance of the hanging of the Ōpōtiki missionary Rev Carl Sylvius Volkner by the Hauhau, Kereopa Te Rau of Ngāti Rangiwewehi of Te Arawa. As a consequence the Te Whakatōhea chief Mokomoko was wrongly convicted and executed by hanging in Mount Eden Prison 17 May 1866. 143870 acres of Te Whakatōhea land was confiscated under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863. This item placed third in the Whakaeke discipline and was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015.

text: Hāwatewate Hāwatewate; this composition is in remembrance of the hanging of the Ōpōtiki missionary Rev Carl Sylvius Volkner by the Hauhau, Kereopa Te Rau of Ngāti Rangiwewehi of Te Arawa. As a consequence the Te Whakatōhea chief Mokomoko was wrongly convicted and executed by hanging in Mount Eden Prison 17 May 1866. 143870 acres of Te Whakatōhea land was confiscated under the New Zealand Settlements Act 1863. This item placed third in the Whakaeke discipline and was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015.

year: 2015-01-08