title: Methodology, method and meaning in field research: Intensive versus extensive research styles in management accounting

authors: Lowe, Alan

subjects: field research

abstract: The paper aims to contribute to the fast growing literature on field research in  management accounting. The emphasis is on the form and nature of case and field research and the problematic nature of terminology. Particular emphasis is given to the complex and interrelated issues of the methodology and method choice. Despite over two decades having passed since the appearance of the Burrell and Morgan matrix there still appears to be considerable confusion in the accounting literature over what role methodology plays in the research act. Those writers who took advantage of the more liberal interpretation of methodology choice following “Paradigms” have had a significant impact on the accounting literature and research agenda. But this has produced some unsolved problems of terminology and theoretical perspective which this paper seeks to address. The paper concludes that a broad definition of methodology/method along the intensive/extensive dualism may be appropriate to field and case research in management accounting. It is argued that clarification of such issues will be of benefit to researchers in deciding on the closely linked question of method, methodology and the selection of the research question.

text: Methodology, method and meaning in field research: Intensive versus extensive research styles in management accounting The paper aims to contribute to the fast growing literature on field research in  management accounting. The emphasis is on the form and nature of case and field research and the problematic nature of terminology. Particular emphasis is given to the complex and interrelated issues of the methodology and method choice. Despite over two decades having passed since the appearance of the Burrell and Morgan matrix there still appears to be considerable confusion in the accounting literature over what role methodology plays in the research act. Those writers who took advantage of the more liberal interpretation of methodology choice following “Paradigms” have had a significant impact on the accounting literature and research agenda. But this has produced some unsolved problems of terminology and theoretical perspective which this paper seeks to address. The paper concludes that a broad definition of methodology/method along the intensive/extensive dualism may be appropriate to field and case research in management accounting. It is argued that clarification of such issues will be of benefit to researchers in deciding on the closely linked question of method, methodology and the selection of the research question.

year: 2001-03

title: Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase activity and cytochrome distribution in the genus

authors: West, P.A.

subjects: biology

abstract: Kovacs' [1] qualitative test for N,N,N',N',-tetramethyl- p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase activity is a fundamental test in the identification of bacteria [2,3]. TMPD (E~ = +0.26 V at pH 7.0) acts as an artificial electron donor to the terminal portion of aerobic respiratory systems [4], and the ability to oxidise TMPD, reduced by ascorbate, has been widely used as a quantitative assay of terminal oxidase activity [5]. In a wide range of heterotrophic bacteria there is a close correlation between their response to the Kovacs test and their ascorbate-TMPD oxidase activity measured manometrically [6]. The inability to oxidise ascorbate-TMPD or a negative response to the Kovacs test, however, does not necessarily indicate that an organism lacks an aerobic respiratory system and a terminal oxidase. For example, species belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase- negative yet form aerobic respiratory systems[5,7].

text: Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase activity and cytochrome distribution in the genus Kovacs' [1] qualitative test for N,N,N',N',-tetramethyl- p-phenylenediamine (TMPD) oxidase activity is a fundamental test in the identification of bacteria [2,3]. TMPD (E~ = +0.26 V at pH 7.0) acts as an artificial electron donor to the terminal portion of aerobic respiratory systems [4], and the ability to oxidise TMPD, reduced by ascorbate, has been widely used as a quantitative assay of terminal oxidase activity [5]. In a wide range of heterotrophic bacteria there is a close correlation between their response to the Kovacs test and their ascorbate-TMPD oxidase activity measured manometrically [6]. The inability to oxidise ascorbate-TMPD or a negative response to the Kovacs test, however, does not necessarily indicate that an organism lacks an aerobic respiratory system and a terminal oxidase. For example, species belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae are oxidase- negative yet form aerobic respiratory systems[5,7].

year: 1978

title: Te Kāuta

authors: Roa, Raukura

subjects: Kōrero paki

abstract: He rite tonu tā mātou hokihoki ki te take o Pirongia maunga, ki te tutungi i te ahi kā i Pūrekireki Marae. Ia wā ka hoki mātou ki tēnei o ngā marae, ka hīkaka taku ngākau, i te mea, ko taku mahi i reira, he tiaki ahi. Ao noa, pō noa, ko au te kaiwhakatutungi i te ahi o te kāuta, kei kewa. Ko te ahi o te kāuta o Pūrekireki marae, he ahi nui, he ahi kaitā. E ono tāngata pea ka uru ki te rua o te ahi nei. Nō reira, ko taku mahi i te rā, he kohi rākau i waho, he tapahi wahie, he whakamaroke anō hoki i te wahie, inā mākū i te ua. I ngā pō, kia hoki rā anō te iwi ki te moe, ko tāku, he noho ki roto i te kāuta me te tutungi ahi, kia wera tonu ai te wai mō āpōpō. Kei pōhēhē mai, he mahi mokemoke tēnei! Ehara! Ia pō, ka noho mai aku kuia ki taku taha ki te pahupahu. He nui ngā akoranga me ngā mātauranga i tuku iho mai ki a au i roto i tērā kāuta, i te taha o tērā ahi. Me uaua ka kitea tēnei momo ahi kaitā i ngā marae i ēnei rā. Kāore e whakaaengia ana e ngā ture Pākehā ngā ahi kaitā, pēnei nei te rahi, i roto i ngā kāuta o ngā marae; ‘Health and Safety Standards’ tā rātou i whakatau ai. Nō reira, i karangangia e taku pāpā tētehi hui ki te marae kia wānangahia te whakahōutanga o tō mātou kāuta. Nō taku rongotanga ake i te kaupapa o tēnei hui, ka tangi taku ngākau ki tō mātou kāuta. Nō reira, i whakarite ahau kia haere i tana taha.

text: Te Kāuta He rite tonu tā mātou hokihoki ki te take o Pirongia maunga, ki te tutungi i te ahi kā i Pūrekireki Marae. Ia wā ka hoki mātou ki tēnei o ngā marae, ka hīkaka taku ngākau, i te mea, ko taku mahi i reira, he tiaki ahi. Ao noa, pō noa, ko au te kaiwhakatutungi i te ahi o te kāuta, kei kewa. Ko te ahi o te kāuta o Pūrekireki marae, he ahi nui, he ahi kaitā. E ono tāngata pea ka uru ki te rua o te ahi nei. Nō reira, ko taku mahi i te rā, he kohi rākau i waho, he tapahi wahie, he whakamaroke anō hoki i te wahie, inā mākū i te ua. I ngā pō, kia hoki rā anō te iwi ki te moe, ko tāku, he noho ki roto i te kāuta me te tutungi ahi, kia wera tonu ai te wai mō āpōpō. Kei pōhēhē mai, he mahi mokemoke tēnei! Ehara! Ia pō, ka noho mai aku kuia ki taku taha ki te pahupahu. He nui ngā akoranga me ngā mātauranga i tuku iho mai ki a au i roto i tērā kāuta, i te taha o tērā ahi. Me uaua ka kitea tēnei momo ahi kaitā i ngā marae i ēnei rā. Kāore e whakaaengia ana e ngā ture Pākehā ngā ahi kaitā, pēnei nei te rahi, i roto i ngā kāuta o ngā marae; ‘Health and Safety Standards’ tā rātou i whakatau ai. Nō reira, i karangangia e taku pāpā tētehi hui ki te marae kia wānangahia te whakahōutanga o tō mātou kāuta. Nō taku rongotanga ake i te kaupapa o tēnei hui, ka tangi taku ngākau ki tō mātou kāuta. Nō reira, i whakarite ahau kia haere i tana taha.

year: 2016