title: A study of early Caroline lyric verse with special attention to that of Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick

authors: McLaren, Margaret Cameron

abstract: In this thesis a range of secular lyrics written during the reign of Charles I, and often slighted since, is surveyed. Special attention is directed to the work of Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick.
First the historical background of the period, with its social and political tensions, is examined. The court is seen as a bastion of privilege, a cause for resentment and, at the same time, a nurturing ground for great poetic talent.
In the tradition of earlier monarchs, Charles I was an earnest patron of the arts; and from their country estates, literary aristocrats like Lord Falkland also gave personal and practical encouragement to artists, especially poets.
The poets in their turn, though they did not always admit it, took their work seriously, creating a myriad of lovely lyrics in which classical, medieval and Renaissance themes and conventions are used, challenged and reworked.
The influence of John Donne and Ben Jonson is seen to have been considerable. Donne had provided a model of personal, dramatic and closely-reasoned “strong lines”. And Jonson encouraged controlled reliance on classical poets “as Guides, not Commanders”, and wrote poetry and criticism in clear idiomatic English, with a respect for the rhythms of both speech and song. 
The development of music, in particular the increasing popularity of the declamatory air in which individual words were heard clearly so that each was important, affected early Caroline lyrics, and was affected by them. To a lesser extent, but just as surely, drama, masque and dance left their mark on the lyric form.
Whether, like Carew, the early Carolines wrote lyrics to be circulated in manuscript, or like Herrick, to be published, the best of them were highly conscious of their craft, and sensitive to the laws of proportion and decorum. They treated their favourite themes, love, philosophy, court and country living, politics and social occasions, the occult, the abnormal and the comic, from many angles, with varying degrees of sensitivity, knowledge and sophistication.
Thomas Carew’s polished amatory and occasional poems “netts, of passions finest thred”, are shown to investigate human relationships with frankness and scintillating wit. 
For all their unpretentious charm and freshness, the lyrics of Robert Herrick, in the context of the whole of Hesperides, are seen to have immense range, depth and assurance. With his love of friends and family, his appreciation of living things, his acceptance of the beautiful and the ugly, his delightful sense of fun, his bold comments on the world about him, and his insistence on the worth of human joy, Herrick has earned the immortality he considered his due.
The court poets, and in particular Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick, wrote an abundance of thoughtful finished lyrics, “rare perfections” to use Carew’s words, which can both give great pleasure and increase our understanding of the complexities of life.

text: A study of early Caroline lyric verse with special attention to that of Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick In this thesis a range of secular lyrics written during the reign of Charles I, and often slighted since, is surveyed. Special attention is directed to the work of Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick.
First the historical background of the period, with its social and political tensions, is examined. The court is seen as a bastion of privilege, a cause for resentment and, at the same time, a nurturing ground for great poetic talent.
In the tradition of earlier monarchs, Charles I was an earnest patron of the arts; and from their country estates, literary aristocrats like Lord Falkland also gave personal and practical encouragement to artists, especially poets.
The poets in their turn, though they did not always admit it, took their work seriously, creating a myriad of lovely lyrics in which classical, medieval and Renaissance themes and conventions are used, challenged and reworked.
The influence of John Donne and Ben Jonson is seen to have been considerable. Donne had provided a model of personal, dramatic and closely-reasoned “strong lines”. And Jonson encouraged controlled reliance on classical poets “as Guides, not Commanders”, and wrote poetry and criticism in clear idiomatic English, with a respect for the rhythms of both speech and song. 
The development of music, in particular the increasing popularity of the declamatory air in which individual words were heard clearly so that each was important, affected early Caroline lyrics, and was affected by them. To a lesser extent, but just as surely, drama, masque and dance left their mark on the lyric form.
Whether, like Carew, the early Carolines wrote lyrics to be circulated in manuscript, or like Herrick, to be published, the best of them were highly conscious of their craft, and sensitive to the laws of proportion and decorum. They treated their favourite themes, love, philosophy, court and country living, politics and social occasions, the occult, the abnormal and the comic, from many angles, with varying degrees of sensitivity, knowledge and sophistication.
Thomas Carew’s polished amatory and occasional poems “netts, of passions finest thred”, are shown to investigate human relationships with frankness and scintillating wit. 
For all their unpretentious charm and freshness, the lyrics of Robert Herrick, in the context of the whole of Hesperides, are seen to have immense range, depth and assurance. With his love of friends and family, his appreciation of living things, his acceptance of the beautiful and the ugly, his delightful sense of fun, his bold comments on the world about him, and his insistence on the worth of human joy, Herrick has earned the immortality he considered his due.
The court poets, and in particular Thomas Carew and Robert Herrick, wrote an abundance of thoughtful finished lyrics, “rare perfections” to use Carew’s words, which can both give great pleasure and increase our understanding of the complexities of life.

year: 1977

title: The sustainability of India's current account

authors: Holmes, Mark J.

subjects: Indian current account

abstract: This study conducts an investigation into the sustainability of the Indian current account using data for 1950 onwards. A necessary condition for current account sustainability is that exports and imports are cointegrated. After testing for unit roots that allow for a structural break, we employ parametric tests for cointegration: based on Johansen (1995) and Saikkonen and Ltkepohl (2000a, b, c) as well as the nonparametric procedure proposed by Breitung (2002) and Breitung and Taylor (2003) that does not assume linearity. By employing these procedures recursively, two distinct regimes are identified characterized by whether or not imports and exports are cointegrated. The regime of noncointegration runs until the late 1990s and the second regime of cointegration is present after that. This latter regime coincides with the liberalization of the Indian economy.

text: The sustainability of India's current account This study conducts an investigation into the sustainability of the Indian current account using data for 1950 onwards. A necessary condition for current account sustainability is that exports and imports are cointegrated. After testing for unit roots that allow for a structural break, we employ parametric tests for cointegration: based on Johansen (1995) and Saikkonen and Ltkepohl (2000a, b, c) as well as the nonparametric procedure proposed by Breitung (2002) and Breitung and Taylor (2003) that does not assume linearity. By employing these procedures recursively, two distinct regimes are identified characterized by whether or not imports and exports are cointegrated. The regime of noncointegration runs until the late 1990s and the second regime of cointegration is present after that. This latter regime coincides with the liberalization of the Indian economy.

year: 2011

title: Toitu Te Moananui a Toi – The Effects of the MV Rena on the Water Quality, Chemistry and Zooplankton of Otaiti (Astrolabe Reef)

authors: Dempsey, Te Puea Toni

subjects: metal contamination

abstract: Humans have had a profound effect on the world’s oceans, particularly through pollution. Marine pollution incidents are particularly important and increasingly involve both petrochemical and metal contamination. The effects of complex high level, point source pollution events such as ship wrecks on larval recruitment to reef environments is not well understood. Larval settlement is heavily influenced by chemical cues, hence pollution events could have a long term influence on reef ecology, and the likelihood that planktonic zooplankton can entrain contaminants into the reef food web is also of concern.
This thesis aims to address concerns from local Tangata Whenua, government, researchers, stakeholders and the public about the long term recovery of Otaiti following the MV Rena shipwreck and subsequent reef contamination. The incident is a complex one involving metallic container debris contamination along with oil. Research focussed on assessing the effects of water borne contamination surrounding the wreck site in order to examine acute and chronic responses of planktonic invertebrates: (1) the influence of Rena and associated debris to the chemistry and quality of water in the benthic zone around the wreck, (2) the toxicity of contaminants to survivorship of zooplankton, and (3) the influence on contaminant plumes to zooplankton recruitment behaviour of Otaiti.
There is a clear effect from the Rena and its associated debris field on the water quality and chemistry of Otaiti. Aluminium and copper for example, were consistently elevated in dissolved and total metal concentrations around the debris field. Laboratory based exposure of zooplankton to realistic concentration gradients of Rena contaminated sediments resulted in increased mortality with increased contaminant concentrations. Behavioural responses of pelagic and settling invertebrates to Rena pollution influenced sediment highlighted sensitivity to associated contaminant plumes. This could have significant ecological implications to the recruitment behaviour of other planktonic organisms that rely on reef conspecifics and chemical cues to initiate settlement.
Ecological concepts such as ecosystem function and biodiversity dynamics (including recruitment) relate the life force and longevity of a system. Key concerns within the scope of this research were highlighted that may have implications to Tangata Whenua decision making in assessing the Mauri of Otaiti. It can be implied that the Rena continues to impact the Mauri of Otaiti due to the presence of contaminants within the debris field.

text: Toitu Te Moananui a Toi – The Effects of the MV Rena on the Water Quality, Chemistry and Zooplankton of Otaiti (Astrolabe Reef) Humans have had a profound effect on the world’s oceans, particularly through pollution. Marine pollution incidents are particularly important and increasingly involve both petrochemical and metal contamination. The effects of complex high level, point source pollution events such as ship wrecks on larval recruitment to reef environments is not well understood. Larval settlement is heavily influenced by chemical cues, hence pollution events could have a long term influence on reef ecology, and the likelihood that planktonic zooplankton can entrain contaminants into the reef food web is also of concern.
This thesis aims to address concerns from local Tangata Whenua, government, researchers, stakeholders and the public about the long term recovery of Otaiti following the MV Rena shipwreck and subsequent reef contamination. The incident is a complex one involving metallic container debris contamination along with oil. Research focussed on assessing the effects of water borne contamination surrounding the wreck site in order to examine acute and chronic responses of planktonic invertebrates: (1) the influence of Rena and associated debris to the chemistry and quality of water in the benthic zone around the wreck, (2) the toxicity of contaminants to survivorship of zooplankton, and (3) the influence on contaminant plumes to zooplankton recruitment behaviour of Otaiti.
There is a clear effect from the Rena and its associated debris field on the water quality and chemistry of Otaiti. Aluminium and copper for example, were consistently elevated in dissolved and total metal concentrations around the debris field. Laboratory based exposure of zooplankton to realistic concentration gradients of Rena contaminated sediments resulted in increased mortality with increased contaminant concentrations. Behavioural responses of pelagic and settling invertebrates to Rena pollution influenced sediment highlighted sensitivity to associated contaminant plumes. This could have significant ecological implications to the recruitment behaviour of other planktonic organisms that rely on reef conspecifics and chemical cues to initiate settlement.
Ecological concepts such as ecosystem function and biodiversity dynamics (including recruitment) relate the life force and longevity of a system. Key concerns within the scope of this research were highlighted that may have implications to Tangata Whenua decision making in assessing the Mauri of Otaiti. It can be implied that the Rena continues to impact the Mauri of Otaiti due to the presence of contaminants within the debris field.

year: 2015