title: Charitable trusts and political purposes: Law on the edge of change in Australasia

authors: Chevalier-Watts, Juliet

abstract: Historically a trust will be denied charitable status if its purposes are political, although this principle is fraught with difficulties because of the complex relationship between politics and charities. New Zealand has traditionally followed the jurisprudence of England and Wales, which determines that political trusts should be interpreted relatively widely so catching a broad section of trusts, thus excluding them from achieving charitable status. Australian jurisprudence however has displayed more reticence in its full acceptance of the political trust doctrine. Instead it has adopted a more narrow interpretation, so trusts that may fall foul of the doctrine in England and Wales and New Zealand, might successfully obtain charitable status in Australia. Then with the decision of the Australian High Court decision of Aid/Watch v Commissioner of Taxation, Australia finally departed from the jurisprudence of New Zealand and England and Wales. This article explores the Antipodean jurisdictions and critically considers Australia's significant jurisprudential shift regarding charitable trusts and political activity and whether New Zealand is on the edge of an equal change to charitable trust law.

text: Charitable trusts and political purposes: Law on the edge of change in Australasia Historically a trust will be denied charitable status if its purposes are political, although this principle is fraught with difficulties because of the complex relationship between politics and charities. New Zealand has traditionally followed the jurisprudence of England and Wales, which determines that political trusts should be interpreted relatively widely so catching a broad section of trusts, thus excluding them from achieving charitable status. Australian jurisprudence however has displayed more reticence in its full acceptance of the political trust doctrine. Instead it has adopted a more narrow interpretation, so trusts that may fall foul of the doctrine in England and Wales and New Zealand, might successfully obtain charitable status in Australia. Then with the decision of the Australian High Court decision of Aid/Watch v Commissioner of Taxation, Australia finally departed from the jurisprudence of New Zealand and England and Wales. This article explores the Antipodean jurisdictions and critically considers Australia's significant jurisprudential shift regarding charitable trusts and political activity and whether New Zealand is on the edge of an equal change to charitable trust law.

year: 2013

title: “Just wrong”, “disgusting”, “grotesque”: How to deal with public rejection of new potentially life-saving technologies

authors: Weijers, Dan M.

abstract: This chapter begins by explaining how PAM was supposed to work and how public expressions of moral repugnance led to the project being shut down. It then introduces and explains the psychology of moral repugnance and discusses a taxonomy of kinds of moral repugnance that might result from the roll out of a new or disruptive technology for security purposes. A major contribution of this chapter is the discussion of what these different kinds of repugnance should mean for new disruptive technology proposals. Using PAM as the central example, the chapter works through a taxonomy of kinds of repugnance to identify the responses that would be appropriate for teams to use when researching and implementing new technologies. The chapter closes with some words of advice about managing public perception of disruptive new security technologies.

text: “Just wrong”, “disgusting”, “grotesque”: How to deal with public rejection of new potentially life-saving technologies This chapter begins by explaining how PAM was supposed to work and how public expressions of moral repugnance led to the project being shut down. It then introduces and explains the psychology of moral repugnance and discusses a taxonomy of kinds of moral repugnance that might result from the roll out of a new or disruptive technology for security purposes. A major contribution of this chapter is the discussion of what these different kinds of repugnance should mean for new disruptive technology proposals. Using PAM as the central example, the chapter works through a taxonomy of kinds of repugnance to identify the responses that would be appropriate for teams to use when researching and implementing new technologies. The chapter closes with some words of advice about managing public perception of disruptive new security technologies.

year: 2021

title: Matariki, commodity culture, and multiple identities

authors: Hardy, Ann

subjects: Matariki

abstract: The event known as Matariki, the rising of the Pleiades in winter, which Māori take as the mark of the beginning of a new year, was not a strong feature of the wider public sphere for most of the 20th century. Since 2001, however, when Te Taura Whiri, the Māori Language Commission, published an explanatory booklet with the aim of reviving interest in Matariki as an aide to the maintenance of te reo, it has been promoted by several quasi-governmental institutions, especially the national museum, Te Papa, as a winter festival for all New Zealanders. Its main public presence to date has been through media products: posters, banners, websites, television programmes, newspaper features, calendars, some theatrical performances and physical commemoration ceremonies.

The larger project, of which this paper represents an initial descriptive and positioning phase, is a continuation of the researcher's long-standing interest in the intersections of religiosity, culture, and media as they are active in the environment of Aotearoa New Zealand. It assumes, building on theorists such as Bellah and Lundby that the creation of such festivals is an act of 'civil religiosity' that attempts to create and strengthen national community around a set of numinous symbols.
However, the development of an enterprise such as Matariki is pursued in a complex political field, where broad agreement across various factions is needed before the festival can take on an enduring material and symbolic existence. In investigating the factors that will determine the future of Matariki it is relevant to consider the interaction of three factors in particular: the ethno-political history of New Zealand; the characteristics of contemporary reflexive spirituality, which are intertwined with commodificatory tendencies and thirdly, the impacts of increasing globalisation on the parameters of identity-formation for citizens in late-modern societies.

text: Matariki, commodity culture, and multiple identities The event known as Matariki, the rising of the Pleiades in winter, which Māori take as the mark of the beginning of a new year, was not a strong feature of the wider public sphere for most of the 20th century. Since 2001, however, when Te Taura Whiri, the Māori Language Commission, published an explanatory booklet with the aim of reviving interest in Matariki as an aide to the maintenance of te reo, it has been promoted by several quasi-governmental institutions, especially the national museum, Te Papa, as a winter festival for all New Zealanders. Its main public presence to date has been through media products: posters, banners, websites, television programmes, newspaper features, calendars, some theatrical performances and physical commemoration ceremonies.

The larger project, of which this paper represents an initial descriptive and positioning phase, is a continuation of the researcher's long-standing interest in the intersections of religiosity, culture, and media as they are active in the environment of Aotearoa New Zealand. It assumes, building on theorists such as Bellah and Lundby that the creation of such festivals is an act of 'civil religiosity' that attempts to create and strengthen national community around a set of numinous symbols.
However, the development of an enterprise such as Matariki is pursued in a complex political field, where broad agreement across various factions is needed before the festival can take on an enduring material and symbolic existence. In investigating the factors that will determine the future of Matariki it is relevant to consider the interaction of three factors in particular: the ethno-political history of New Zealand; the characteristics of contemporary reflexive spirituality, which are intertwined with commodificatory tendencies and thirdly, the impacts of increasing globalisation on the parameters of identity-formation for citizens in late-modern societies.

year: 2011