title: Coronal heating by magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by reflected low-frequency waves

authors: Matthaeus, William H.

subjects: MHD

abstract: A candidate mechanism for the heating of the solar corona in open field line regions is described. The interaction of Alfvén waves, generated in the photosphere or chromosphere, with their reflections and the subsequent driving of quasi-two-dimensional MHD turbulence is considered. A nonlinear cascade drives fluctuations toward short wavelengths which are transverse to the mean field, thereby heating at rates insensitive to restrictive Alfvén timescales. A phenomenology is presented, providing estimates of achievable heating efficiency that are most favorable.

text: Coronal heating by magnetohydrodynamic turbulence driven by reflected low-frequency waves A candidate mechanism for the heating of the solar corona in open field line regions is described. The interaction of Alfvén waves, generated in the photosphere or chromosphere, with their reflections and the subsequent driving of quasi-two-dimensional MHD turbulence is considered. A nonlinear cascade drives fluctuations toward short wavelengths which are transverse to the mean field, thereby heating at rates insensitive to restrictive Alfvén timescales. A phenomenology is presented, providing estimates of achievable heating efficiency that are most favorable.

year: 1999

title: Conceptualising leadership in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Thornton, Kate

subjects: education

abstract: The New Zealand Teachers Council Te Pouherenga Kaiako o Aotearoa is pleased to publish this occasional paper focused on leadership in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand. The project that led to this publication grew out of a desire of the Council’s Early Childhood Education Advisory Group to promote some action on leadership development specifically for ECE. Whereas there is a well-developed leadership strategy for the school sector there is no equivalent support for teachers in ECE. Yet it is well established in the literature that an effective professional learning community is most likely to result from leadership that has learning as the central focus. Thus the absence of a cohesive leadership strategy was seen as a significant risk to professional initiatives supporting quality teaching in ECE.

text: Conceptualising leadership in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand The New Zealand Teachers Council Te Pouherenga Kaiako o Aotearoa is pleased to publish this occasional paper focused on leadership in early childhood education in Aotearoa New Zealand. The project that led to this publication grew out of a desire of the Council’s Early Childhood Education Advisory Group to promote some action on leadership development specifically for ECE. Whereas there is a well-developed leadership strategy for the school sector there is no equivalent support for teachers in ECE. Yet it is well established in the literature that an effective professional learning community is most likely to result from leadership that has learning as the central focus. Thus the absence of a cohesive leadership strategy was seen as a significant risk to professional initiatives supporting quality teaching in ECE.

year: 2009

title: Ha ora: Improving access to early diagnosis of lung cancer for Maori and rural communities. Understanding patient experiences in General Practice

authors: Lawrenson, Ross

abstract: There were two main objectives for this report. The first was to identify the barriers to early diagnosis of lung cancer experienced by Māori lung cancer patients and whānau. Second was to co-design a multi-pronged intervention alongside rural Māori communities to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer for whānau in their localities.
The team worked in the Waikato, Lakes, Bay of Plenty and Tairāwhiti districts of the Midland Region. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 23 Māori lung cancer patients and whānau recruited through respiratory or cancer nurse specialists (CNSs) based at the hospitals of each district. Nine community hui (focus groups) and nine primary healthcare provider hui were carried out in five rural localities: Te Kuiti, Opōtiki, Te Kaha, Rotorua and Gisborne. Community hui included cancer patients, whānau, and other community members. Healthcare provider hui comprised staff members at the local primary healthcare centre, including General Practitioners and nurses. Study data were thematically analysed.
Findings of the study highlight:
1. Barriers in primary care, including symptom ambiguity, accumulating costs, barriers and enablers relating to GP – patient relationships
2. Barriers in secondary care, including a lack of access to diagnostic tests, long waiting times, barriers and enablers relating to communication between HCPs and patients.
3. The importance of whānau as carers and advocates for Māori patients on their lung cancer journey.
The interventions co-designed with each community included a Hā Ora website, a series of lung cancer awareness videos (entitled ‘wharo wharo wharo’), a kaiawhina training programme and a ‘pou pupuru oranga’ (cancer navigator).
We suggest strategies that aim to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer for rural Māori communities. We welcome your feedback to us regarding these recommendations.

text: Ha ora: Improving access to early diagnosis of lung cancer for Maori and rural communities. Understanding patient experiences in General Practice There were two main objectives for this report. The first was to identify the barriers to early diagnosis of lung cancer experienced by Māori lung cancer patients and whānau. Second was to co-design a multi-pronged intervention alongside rural Māori communities to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer for whānau in their localities.
The team worked in the Waikato, Lakes, Bay of Plenty and Tairāwhiti districts of the Midland Region. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 23 Māori lung cancer patients and whānau recruited through respiratory or cancer nurse specialists (CNSs) based at the hospitals of each district. Nine community hui (focus groups) and nine primary healthcare provider hui were carried out in five rural localities: Te Kuiti, Opōtiki, Te Kaha, Rotorua and Gisborne. Community hui included cancer patients, whānau, and other community members. Healthcare provider hui comprised staff members at the local primary healthcare centre, including General Practitioners and nurses. Study data were thematically analysed.
Findings of the study highlight:
1. Barriers in primary care, including symptom ambiguity, accumulating costs, barriers and enablers relating to GP – patient relationships
2. Barriers in secondary care, including a lack of access to diagnostic tests, long waiting times, barriers and enablers relating to communication between HCPs and patients.
3. The importance of whānau as carers and advocates for Māori patients on their lung cancer journey.
The interventions co-designed with each community included a Hā Ora website, a series of lung cancer awareness videos (entitled ‘wharo wharo wharo’), a kaiawhina training programme and a ‘pou pupuru oranga’ (cancer navigator).
We suggest strategies that aim to improve early diagnosis of lung cancer for rural Māori communities. We welcome your feedback to us regarding these recommendations.

year: 2021