title: Preliminary estimates of mass-loss rates, changes in stable isotope composition, and invertebrate colonisation of evergreen and deciduous leaves in a Waikato, New Zealand, stream.

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: mass loss

abstract: Rates of mass loss are important in the choice of tree species used in riparian rehabilitation because leaves that break down fast should contribute to stream food-webs more rapidly than leaves that break down more slowly. To examine comparative mass-loss rates of some native evergreen and introduced deciduous trees in a New Zealand stream, fallen leaves were incubated in bags with 2 x 3 mm mesh openings. The native trees were mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii), rewarewa (Knightia excelsa), tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa), and the introduced trees were silver birch (Betula pendula) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). The leaf bags were left in the Mangaotama Stream for 28 days from mid April to mid May 1995 when mean water temperature was 14.5deg.C, giving a total of 406 degree days. Rates of mass loss followed the sequence: mahoe > silver birch > alder > kahikatea > silver beech > rewarewa > tawa. Mean mass-loss rate for mahoe, assuming a negative exponential model, was 0.0507 k day-1 (0.00350 k (degree day)-1), and for tawa was 0.0036 k day-1 (0.00025 k (degree day)-1). C:N ratio decreased on average from 45:1 to 35:1, and d15N increased between 0.7 and 3.0[[perthousand]] (1.8 +/- 0.41[[perthousand]], mean +/-1 standard error), excluding kahikatea. Changes in d13C were smaller and not consistent in direction. Biomass of invertebrates was greatest in bags that had lost 25-45% of their initial leaf biomass.

text: Preliminary estimates of mass-loss rates, changes in stable isotope composition, and invertebrate colonisation of evergreen and deciduous leaves in a Waikato, New Zealand, stream. Rates of mass loss are important in the choice of tree species used in riparian rehabilitation because leaves that break down fast should contribute to stream food-webs more rapidly than leaves that break down more slowly. To examine comparative mass-loss rates of some native evergreen and introduced deciduous trees in a New Zealand stream, fallen leaves were incubated in bags with 2 x 3 mm mesh openings. The native trees were mahoe (Melicytus ramiflorus), kahikatea (Dacrycarpus dacrydioides), silver beech (Nothofagus menziesii), rewarewa (Knightia excelsa), tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa), and the introduced trees were silver birch (Betula pendula) and alder (Alnus glutinosa). The leaf bags were left in the Mangaotama Stream for 28 days from mid April to mid May 1995 when mean water temperature was 14.5deg.C, giving a total of 406 degree days. Rates of mass loss followed the sequence: mahoe > silver birch > alder > kahikatea > silver beech > rewarewa > tawa. Mean mass-loss rate for mahoe, assuming a negative exponential model, was 0.0507 k day-1 (0.00350 k (degree day)-1), and for tawa was 0.0036 k day-1 (0.00025 k (degree day)-1). C:N ratio decreased on average from 45:1 to 35:1, and d15N increased between 0.7 and 3.0[[perthousand]] (1.8 +/- 0.41[[perthousand]], mean +/-1 standard error), excluding kahikatea. Changes in d13C were smaller and not consistent in direction. Biomass of invertebrates was greatest in bags that had lost 25-45% of their initial leaf biomass.

year: 1999-06-01

title: Investigating the contextual requirements of the Juster Scale

authors: Parackal, Mathew

subjects: Juster Scale

abstract: Researchers have employed the Juster Scale to collect purchase probability data with notable success. Reviewing the Juster Scale studies, however, has revealed that there is considerable variation in its per¬formance. Some of these variations appeared to be caused by the context in which the Juster Scale has been presented to respondents. This paper discusses three factors that influence the context of the Juster Scale and reports the results of a study that attempted to standardise its contextual requirements.
The results substantiate further the Juster Scale's satisfactory performance in collecting purchase probability data.

text: Investigating the contextual requirements of the Juster Scale Researchers have employed the Juster Scale to collect purchase probability data with notable success. Reviewing the Juster Scale studies, however, has revealed that there is considerable variation in its per¬formance. Some of these variations appeared to be caused by the context in which the Juster Scale has been presented to respondents. This paper discusses three factors that influence the context of the Juster Scale and reports the results of a study that attempted to standardise its contextual requirements.
The results substantiate further the Juster Scale's satisfactory performance in collecting purchase probability data.

year: 2006

title: Tauira Rangatahi Numeracy and Literacy Programme: Apps in Numeracy and Literacy Research

authors: Calder, Nigel Stuart

subjects: Youth Guarantee

abstract: A key aspect of tertiary education undertaken by Te Wananga o Aotearoa (TWoA) is re-establishing engagement and success in the rangatahi space through meeting the literacy and numeracy demands for programmes at levels 1–3. TWoA has Youth Guarantee programmes that deliver introductory Sport and Leisure and Contemporary Māori Arts programmes with embedded literacy and numeracy. The purpose of this research project was to investigate tauira rangatahi attitudes towards literacy and numeracy development through the application of appropriate cultural capital in conjunction with contemporary digital technologies. The research examined the influence of iPad apps on the beliefs and attitudes of Youth Guarantee tauira towards numeracy and literacy.

text: Tauira Rangatahi Numeracy and Literacy Programme: Apps in Numeracy and Literacy Research A key aspect of tertiary education undertaken by Te Wananga o Aotearoa (TWoA) is re-establishing engagement and success in the rangatahi space through meeting the literacy and numeracy demands for programmes at levels 1–3. TWoA has Youth Guarantee programmes that deliver introductory Sport and Leisure and Contemporary Māori Arts programmes with embedded literacy and numeracy. The purpose of this research project was to investigate tauira rangatahi attitudes towards literacy and numeracy development through the application of appropriate cultural capital in conjunction with contemporary digital technologies. The research examined the influence of iPad apps on the beliefs and attitudes of Youth Guarantee tauira towards numeracy and literacy.

year: 2014