title: Conversion of C≡C to CO in alkynyl-metal complexes: oxidation of carbon chains capped by carbon-tricobalt clusters

authors: Bruce, Michael I.

subjects: chemistry

abstract: Treatment of Co₃(μ₃-CC≡CR)(μ-dppm)(CO)₇ with O₂ (air) in the presence of [FcH]PF₆ afforded Co₃{μ₃-CC(O)R}(μ-dppm)(CO)₇ by the formal conversion –C≡C– + O–O → >C–O + C≡O. In this way, complexes with R = Ph, Fc, and W(CO)₃Cp, bis-clusters {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(O)(C≡C)C≡]}, {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(O)(C≡C)xC(O)C≡]} (x = 1, 2), and {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡CC(O)C≡CC₆H4C≡CC(O)C≡]}, and heterometallic bis-clusters {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}{μ₃:μ₃-[≡CC(O)C≡CC≡]}{M₃(μ-H)₃(CO)₉} (M = Ru, Os) have been prepared. Single-crystal XRD structure determinations of several products are reported together with that of precursor {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(C≡C)₂C₆H₄(C≡C)₂C≡]}.

text: Conversion of C≡C to CO in alkynyl-metal complexes: oxidation of carbon chains capped by carbon-tricobalt clusters Treatment of Co₃(μ₃-CC≡CR)(μ-dppm)(CO)₇ with O₂ (air) in the presence of [FcH]PF₆ afforded Co₃{μ₃-CC(O)R}(μ-dppm)(CO)₇ by the formal conversion –C≡C– + O–O → >C–O + C≡O. In this way, complexes with R = Ph, Fc, and W(CO)₃Cp, bis-clusters {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(O)(C≡C)C≡]}, {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(O)(C≡C)xC(O)C≡]} (x = 1, 2), and {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡CC(O)C≡CC₆H4C≡CC(O)C≡]}, and heterometallic bis-clusters {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}{μ₃:μ₃-[≡CC(O)C≡CC≡]}{M₃(μ-H)₃(CO)₉} (M = Ru, Os) have been prepared. Single-crystal XRD structure determinations of several products are reported together with that of precursor {Co₃(μ-dppm)(CO)₇}₂{μ₃:μ₃-[≡C(C≡C)₂C₆H₄(C≡C)₂C≡]}.

year: 2010

title: Editorial

authors: Findsen, Brian

abstract: This special issue of the International Journal of Ageing in Developing Countries (IJADC) focusses on learning in later life (also known as educational gerontology). As guest editor for this issue, I am hopeful that this divergent compilation of articles will provide the stimulus for further insights into what is happening in developing countries for older people in respective societies. Over the last decade there has been much more attention given to how learning and education can provide the basis for more ‘active ageing’ and ‘successful’ lives. Both learning and living are inextricably connected. This issue expands on some of these emergent perspectives.

text: Editorial This special issue of the International Journal of Ageing in Developing Countries (IJADC) focusses on learning in later life (also known as educational gerontology). As guest editor for this issue, I am hopeful that this divergent compilation of articles will provide the stimulus for further insights into what is happening in developing countries for older people in respective societies. Over the last decade there has been much more attention given to how learning and education can provide the basis for more ‘active ageing’ and ‘successful’ lives. Both learning and living are inextricably connected. This issue expands on some of these emergent perspectives.

year: 2017

title: Kūkupa, koro, and kai: The use of Māori vocabulary items in New Zealand English children's picture books

authors: Daly, Nicola

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: When a linguistic form from one language is used in another language, such words are known as borrowings or loan words (Crystal 2003: 56). The English language is renowned for its large capacity for borrowing and it has been suggested that the growth in internationalism in recent times has led to people seeking new words to indicate their local identity (Crystal 1995; Crystal 2003). Certainly this is the case of New Zealand English, the most distinctive aspect of which is borrowings from te reo Maori (Deverson 1991). In 1984 Deverson estimated that most New Zealanders have a passive knowledge of at least 40-50 borrowed Maori loan words (Deverson 1984). This figure has been recently revised by Macalister to 70-80 such words (20,-,63.). A study of the frequency of Maori loan words in New Zealand English in New Zealand School Journals of the 1960s and 1990s showed an incidence of around 6 words per 1,000 (Macalister 1999). Kennedy and Yamazaki (1999) also found borrowed Maori words at a rate of 6 per thousand words. Macalister (2006b) has examined the use of Maori loan words in New Zealand English across a 150 year period from 1850-2000. He examined a corpus of a little under five and a half million words from three sources: Newspapers, parliamentary debates and School Journals. Across the three sources there was an increase from 3.29 words per 1,000 in 1850 to 8.8 per thousand in 2000. Macalister lists the reasons for this change as including urbanisation of the Maori population between 1945 and 1975, which created more contact; the changing status of the Maori language with the kOhanga reo movement; the establishment of the Maori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Maori) and legislation of Maori as an official language of New Zealand in 1987.

text: Kūkupa, koro, and kai: The use of Māori vocabulary items in New Zealand English children's picture books When a linguistic form from one language is used in another language, such words are known as borrowings or loan words (Crystal 2003: 56). The English language is renowned for its large capacity for borrowing and it has been suggested that the growth in internationalism in recent times has led to people seeking new words to indicate their local identity (Crystal 1995; Crystal 2003). Certainly this is the case of New Zealand English, the most distinctive aspect of which is borrowings from te reo Maori (Deverson 1991). In 1984 Deverson estimated that most New Zealanders have a passive knowledge of at least 40-50 borrowed Maori loan words (Deverson 1984). This figure has been recently revised by Macalister to 70-80 such words (20,-,63.). A study of the frequency of Maori loan words in New Zealand English in New Zealand School Journals of the 1960s and 1990s showed an incidence of around 6 words per 1,000 (Macalister 1999). Kennedy and Yamazaki (1999) also found borrowed Maori words at a rate of 6 per thousand words. Macalister (2006b) has examined the use of Maori loan words in New Zealand English across a 150 year period from 1850-2000. He examined a corpus of a little under five and a half million words from three sources: Newspapers, parliamentary debates and School Journals. Across the three sources there was an increase from 3.29 words per 1,000 in 1850 to 8.8 per thousand in 2000. Macalister lists the reasons for this change as including urbanisation of the Maori population between 1945 and 1975, which created more contact; the changing status of the Maori language with the kOhanga reo movement; the establishment of the Maori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Maori) and legislation of Maori as an official language of New Zealand in 1987.

year: 2007