title: Employment Advocate vs Employment Lawyer; A comparative analysis between New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom

authors: Dimitrov, Dara

subjects: employment advocates

abstract: New Zealand is facing a burgeoning number of employment advocates in its legal system, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. As part of the enactment of the Employment Relations Act (ERA) 2000, New Zealand’s parliament intended that employment disputes be resolved in a non-adversarial and efficient manner that required little legal representation. Employment advocates are meant to meet that need; a relatable agent for an employment litigant that resolves disputes faster and cheaper. However, there have been increasing concerns from the employment judges, the New Zealand Law Society, lawyers and the public about the professionalism and competency of employment advocates. Recent case law questions whether employment advocates can continue to operate without restrictions or an oversight body. This paper demonstrates why some employment advocates operate below the standards expected by the courts and the impact it has on their employment litigants or clients. An international comparison to paid agents in Australia and McKenzie friends in the United Kingdom is also included. This paper recommends that the current operations of employment advocates undermine employment litigants’ access to justice and that New Zealand’s parliament needs to reconsider the role of employment advocates in employment disputes

text: Employment Advocate vs Employment Lawyer; A comparative analysis between New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom New Zealand is facing a burgeoning number of employment advocates in its legal system, especially since the Covid-19 pandemic. As part of the enactment of the Employment Relations Act (ERA) 2000, New Zealand’s parliament intended that employment disputes be resolved in a non-adversarial and efficient manner that required little legal representation. Employment advocates are meant to meet that need; a relatable agent for an employment litigant that resolves disputes faster and cheaper. However, there have been increasing concerns from the employment judges, the New Zealand Law Society, lawyers and the public about the professionalism and competency of employment advocates. Recent case law questions whether employment advocates can continue to operate without restrictions or an oversight body. This paper demonstrates why some employment advocates operate below the standards expected by the courts and the impact it has on their employment litigants or clients. An international comparison to paid agents in Australia and McKenzie friends in the United Kingdom is also included. This paper recommends that the current operations of employment advocates undermine employment litigants’ access to justice and that New Zealand’s parliament needs to reconsider the role of employment advocates in employment disputes

year: 2023

title: The use of lower-body compression garments during high-intensity exercise performance in basketball athletes

authors: Driller, Matthew W.

abstract: This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments worn following exercise on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise. The evening exercise bout (1600-1800 h) included performance of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test, lunge jumps, and an isometric wall sit exercise. Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility) were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = -1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = -1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performances in basketball athletes.

text: The use of lower-body compression garments during high-intensity exercise performance in basketball athletes This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments worn following exercise on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise. The evening exercise bout (1600-1800 h) included performance of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test, lunge jumps, and an isometric wall sit exercise. Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility) were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = -1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = -1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performances in basketball athletes.

year: 2021

title: Ko au tēnei

authors: Temara, Pou

subjects: Tuhinga auaha

abstract: He puha tēnei, he momo rotarota. E kōrero ana tēnei puha mō te pepeha o Tūhoe, arā, ko Maungapōhatu te maunga, ko Waikare te awa ko Tamakaimoana te hapu, ko Taiturakina rāua ko Pōhokorua ngā tāngata, ko Tūhoe te iwi.

Kua roa tēnei pepeha e mau ana i ngā kākahu Māori o nehe, ā, nō ngā rautau ki muri te tawhito o te pepeha nei. Kua mate noa atu te hunga nā rātau i waihanga. Ko rātau e mōhio ana ki te horopaki i titoa ai ā rātau pepeha. Taka iho ki nāianei kāore anō kia rerekē ngā kupu o te pepeha.

Engari kua rerekē te ao me tōna tai, he whakatipuranga hou kua hua ake hai noho i te whenua. He rerekē ōnā whakaaro, he rerekē te ahurea. Kua roa e noho tahi ana ēnei whakatipuranga me ngā iwi huhua o te ao, he rauiwi te ahurea. Kua whakatōria hoki te whakaaro o aua ahurea maha ki te hinengaro o te Māori. Kua riro ngā whakaaro i te ao whānui koia nei kai te tohutohu i te whakaaro o te Māori o ēnei rā.

Me pēhea te whakauru atu i te whakaaro o mohoā nei ki te whakaaro o ukiuki, kia whai tikanga ai ki te ngākau o nāianei ki te pepeha o mua? Kua tawhito o rātau kākahu. E hia ngā kaupapa, ngā pakanga, ngā kaikiritanga, ngā mamae i roto i taua wā. Kua tae ki te wā hai whakamautanga mā ō nāianei Māori i ngā kākahu o ēnei rā ki ngā pepeha o mua, kia whai wāhi ai ki te ahurea me te whakaaro o ēnei rā.

Ehara i te mea me whakaae te iwi katoa ki ngā whakaaro kua tāpiritia ki te pepeha nei. Engari hai aha mā wai? Ko te rotarota he kupu nā te kaitito, he kupu motuhenga nō tōna ngākau, hai tohu i tāna titiro ki te ao, ā, kia uru atu ai ia ki te ao me ngā whakaaro o mua.

text: Ko au tēnei He puha tēnei, he momo rotarota. E kōrero ana tēnei puha mō te pepeha o Tūhoe, arā, ko Maungapōhatu te maunga, ko Waikare te awa ko Tamakaimoana te hapu, ko Taiturakina rāua ko Pōhokorua ngā tāngata, ko Tūhoe te iwi.

Kua roa tēnei pepeha e mau ana i ngā kākahu Māori o nehe, ā, nō ngā rautau ki muri te tawhito o te pepeha nei. Kua mate noa atu te hunga nā rātau i waihanga. Ko rātau e mōhio ana ki te horopaki i titoa ai ā rātau pepeha. Taka iho ki nāianei kāore anō kia rerekē ngā kupu o te pepeha.

Engari kua rerekē te ao me tōna tai, he whakatipuranga hou kua hua ake hai noho i te whenua. He rerekē ōnā whakaaro, he rerekē te ahurea. Kua roa e noho tahi ana ēnei whakatipuranga me ngā iwi huhua o te ao, he rauiwi te ahurea. Kua whakatōria hoki te whakaaro o aua ahurea maha ki te hinengaro o te Māori. Kua riro ngā whakaaro i te ao whānui koia nei kai te tohutohu i te whakaaro o te Māori o ēnei rā.

Me pēhea te whakauru atu i te whakaaro o mohoā nei ki te whakaaro o ukiuki, kia whai tikanga ai ki te ngākau o nāianei ki te pepeha o mua? Kua tawhito o rātau kākahu. E hia ngā kaupapa, ngā pakanga, ngā kaikiritanga, ngā mamae i roto i taua wā. Kua tae ki te wā hai whakamautanga mā ō nāianei Māori i ngā kākahu o ēnei rā ki ngā pepeha o mua, kia whai wāhi ai ki te ahurea me te whakaaro o ēnei rā.

Ehara i te mea me whakaae te iwi katoa ki ngā whakaaro kua tāpiritia ki te pepeha nei. Engari hai aha mā wai? Ko te rotarota he kupu nā te kaitito, he kupu motuhenga nō tōna ngākau, hai tohu i tāna titiro ki te ao, ā, kia uru atu ai ia ki te ao me ngā whakaaro o mua.

year: 2017