title: The Eureka mine at Waiorongomai

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: High on the mountainside, the Eureka was developed by two experienced miners for two and a half years before its ore was first crushed. Its owners were sustained during that long wait by anticipations that their ore was payable, working steadily and erecting an aerial tramway to link with the county tramway. A company, typically under-capitalized, was formed to meet expenses.
After the ore was first treated, in mid-1884, it quickly proved to be unpayable, and the mine was sold to the Battery Company, which abandoned it in the following year. The fundamental problem was that the gold was so fine that only 35 per cent was saved when treated. During the mining boom of the 1890s, when the Great Western Company reworked the ground, erecting another aerial tramway and a small battery, once again the mine proved unprofitable and was quickly abandoned.

text: The Eureka mine at Waiorongomai High on the mountainside, the Eureka was developed by two experienced miners for two and a half years before its ore was first crushed. Its owners were sustained during that long wait by anticipations that their ore was payable, working steadily and erecting an aerial tramway to link with the county tramway. A company, typically under-capitalized, was formed to meet expenses.
After the ore was first treated, in mid-1884, it quickly proved to be unpayable, and the mine was sold to the Battery Company, which abandoned it in the following year. The fundamental problem was that the gold was so fine that only 35 per cent was saved when treated. During the mining boom of the 1890s, when the Great Western Company reworked the ground, erecting another aerial tramway and a small battery, once again the mine proved unprofitable and was quickly abandoned.

year: 2016

title: Economic Issues in the Fisheries Sector of Tonga

authors: Rohorua, Halahingano Tu'akolo Siufanga

subjects: Fisheries

abstract: There are certain characteristics of island economies that are considered hindrances to their development. For example, island economies often lack the economies of scale necessary for enhanced economic development and are too remotely located from the worlds major international financial and trading centres to fully exploit the marketing and trading opportunities that are available. However, for island economies in the South Pacific, the sea also offers great opportunities for sustained economic development. The relative abundance and accessibility of fisheries resources means that if these resources are properly managed and exploited, island economies have much potential for social and economic development. At the same time, the sea provides a significant means of basic livelihood for many rural communities in these Island countries. A major and enduring challenge is therefore to ensure that island economies in the South Pacific utilise their sea resources for social and economic development without jeopardising their communities basic livelihoods.

text: Economic Issues in the Fisheries Sector of Tonga There are certain characteristics of island economies that are considered hindrances to their development. For example, island economies often lack the economies of scale necessary for enhanced economic development and are too remotely located from the worlds major international financial and trading centres to fully exploit the marketing and trading opportunities that are available. However, for island economies in the South Pacific, the sea also offers great opportunities for sustained economic development. The relative abundance and accessibility of fisheries resources means that if these resources are properly managed and exploited, island economies have much potential for social and economic development. At the same time, the sea provides a significant means of basic livelihood for many rural communities in these Island countries. A major and enduring challenge is therefore to ensure that island economies in the South Pacific utilise their sea resources for social and economic development without jeopardising their communities basic livelihoods.

year: 2009

title: Hauora and physical education in New Zealand: perspectives of Māori and Pasifika

authors: Fitzpatrick, Katie

subjects: physical education

abstract: Discussion surrounding the concept of Hauora (Durie, 1994) in the document Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1999) has been controversial. Some writers have praised or justified its inclusion (Culpan, 1996/1997; Tasker, 1996/1997; Tinning, MacDonald, Wright & Hickey, 2001), while others accuse the writers of tokenism and misappropriation of indigenous knowledge (Hokowhitu, 2004; Salter, 2000). While existing at a political level, these debates have generally ignored student responses to and interactions with Hauora. Thus, this article intervenes in the existing debate and makes the case for the inclusion of student perspectives. My claims are made on the basis of a study into the perspectives of Māori and Pasifika students of physical education in New Zealand. The experiences of these students are related to the theory of hybridity (Besley, 2002; Bhabha, 1994), which suggests that young people actively negotiate and make critical decisions about what they think is relevant to them. I argue that the debate surrounding the concept of Hauora needs to include students' perspectives and consideration of the agency of young people in interactions with curriculum concepts.

text: Hauora and physical education in New Zealand: perspectives of Māori and Pasifika Discussion surrounding the concept of Hauora (Durie, 1994) in the document Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 1999) has been controversial. Some writers have praised or justified its inclusion (Culpan, 1996/1997; Tasker, 1996/1997; Tinning, MacDonald, Wright & Hickey, 2001), while others accuse the writers of tokenism and misappropriation of indigenous knowledge (Hokowhitu, 2004; Salter, 2000). While existing at a political level, these debates have generally ignored student responses to and interactions with Hauora. Thus, this article intervenes in the existing debate and makes the case for the inclusion of student perspectives. My claims are made on the basis of a study into the perspectives of Māori and Pasifika students of physical education in New Zealand. The experiences of these students are related to the theory of hybridity (Besley, 2002; Bhabha, 1994), which suggests that young people actively negotiate and make critical decisions about what they think is relevant to them. I argue that the debate surrounding the concept of Hauora needs to include students' perspectives and consideration of the agency of young people in interactions with curriculum concepts.

year: 2005