title: Emotion intensities in Tweets

authors: Mohammad, Saif M.

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper examines the task of detecting intensity of emotion from text. We create the first datasets of tweets annotated for anger, fear, joy, and sadness intensities. We use a technique called best–worst scaling (BWS) that improves annotation consistency and obtains reliable fine-grained scores. We show that emotion-word hashtags often impact emotion intensity, usually conveying a more intense emotion. Finally, we create a benchmark regression system and conduct experiments to determine: which features are useful for detecting emotion intensity; and, the extent to which two emotions are similar in terms of how they manifest in language.

text: Emotion intensities in Tweets This paper examines the task of detecting intensity of emotion from text. We create the first datasets of tweets annotated for anger, fear, joy, and sadness intensities. We use a technique called best–worst scaling (BWS) that improves annotation consistency and obtains reliable fine-grained scores. We show that emotion-word hashtags often impact emotion intensity, usually conveying a more intense emotion. Finally, we create a benchmark regression system and conduct experiments to determine: which features are useful for detecting emotion intensity; and, the extent to which two emotions are similar in terms of how they manifest in language.

year: 2017

title: Revision of the age and stratigraphic relationships of Hinemaiaia Tephra and Whakatane Ash, North Island, New Zealand, using distal occurrences in organic deposits

authors: Lowe, David J.

subjects: Hinemaiaia Tephra Formation

abstract: The stratigraphic and chronologic relationships of Hinemaiaia Tephra and Whakatane Ash are examined using distal tephras preserved in organic-rich deposits at five sites in eastern and northern North Island, New Zealand. A c. 10mm thick, unnamed white rhyolitic ash layer described at two of the sites (Tiniroto and Poukawa), and previously of disputed stratigraphic signillcance, also occurs at the other three sites (Kaipo, Rotomanuka, and Okoroire) as a primary airfall tephra. The tephra is derived from the Taupo Volcanic Centre and is correlated with Hinemaiaia Tephra (definition of Froggatt) using similarity of stratigraphic position, composition (ferromagnesian mineralogy and glass chemistry), and radiocarbon age. It stratigraphically overlies Whakatane Ash. The tephra underlying Whakatane Ash, and previously identified as Hinemaiaia Ash (definition of Vucetich & Pullar), is probably Motutere Tephra.
Hinemaiaia Tephra has a mean age of old (T½) c. 4500 years, Whakatane Ash c. 4800 years. New ¹⁴C dates, obtained on peat or gyttja adjacent to these tephras, are (old T1/2, years B.P.): 4220 ± 60 (NZ316OA), 4490 ± 70 (Wk541)( above Hinemaiaia Tephra); 4470 ± 70 (Wk542) (below Hinemaiaia Tephra); 4800 ± 50 (NZ3161A), 4490 ±60 (Wk496), 4530 ± 60 (Wk497), 4260 ± 140 (Wk662) (below Hinemaiaia Tephra and above Whakatane Ash); 5210 ± 80 (NZ3162A), 4860 ±70 (Wk501), 4850 ± 80 (Wk660) (below Whakatane Ash).
Based on the distal occurrences described here, the Hinemaiaia Tephra has a much more wide spread distribution than previously demonstrated, and may have been emplaced by a very powerful "above average" plinian eruption.

text: Revision of the age and stratigraphic relationships of Hinemaiaia Tephra and Whakatane Ash, North Island, New Zealand, using distal occurrences in organic deposits The stratigraphic and chronologic relationships of Hinemaiaia Tephra and Whakatane Ash are examined using distal tephras preserved in organic-rich deposits at five sites in eastern and northern North Island, New Zealand. A c. 10mm thick, unnamed white rhyolitic ash layer described at two of the sites (Tiniroto and Poukawa), and previously of disputed stratigraphic signillcance, also occurs at the other three sites (Kaipo, Rotomanuka, and Okoroire) as a primary airfall tephra. The tephra is derived from the Taupo Volcanic Centre and is correlated with Hinemaiaia Tephra (definition of Froggatt) using similarity of stratigraphic position, composition (ferromagnesian mineralogy and glass chemistry), and radiocarbon age. It stratigraphically overlies Whakatane Ash. The tephra underlying Whakatane Ash, and previously identified as Hinemaiaia Ash (definition of Vucetich & Pullar), is probably Motutere Tephra.
Hinemaiaia Tephra has a mean age of old (T½) c. 4500 years, Whakatane Ash c. 4800 years. New ¹⁴C dates, obtained on peat or gyttja adjacent to these tephras, are (old T1/2, years B.P.): 4220 ± 60 (NZ316OA), 4490 ± 70 (Wk541)( above Hinemaiaia Tephra); 4470 ± 70 (Wk542) (below Hinemaiaia Tephra); 4800 ± 50 (NZ3161A), 4490 ±60 (Wk496), 4530 ± 60 (Wk497), 4260 ± 140 (Wk662) (below Hinemaiaia Tephra and above Whakatane Ash); 5210 ± 80 (NZ3162A), 4860 ±70 (Wk501), 4850 ± 80 (Wk660) (below Whakatane Ash).
Based on the distal occurrences described here, the Hinemaiaia Tephra has a much more wide spread distribution than previously demonstrated, and may have been emplaced by a very powerful "above average" plinian eruption.

year: 1986

title: Potential science tools to support mahinga kai decision-making in freshwater management

authors: Collier, Kevin J.

subjects: mahinga kai

abstract: Mahinga kai is a key value for freshwater management that needs to be articulated in objective setting for environmental limits in the National Objectives Framework (NOF). Mahinga kai generally refers to indigenous freshwater species that have traditionally been used for food, tools or other resources. Many mahinga kai sites, both current and historical, are in lowland settings where freshwater environments are often in a degraded state and values are correspondingly compromised. With limited availability of sites in good condition within rohe to help define desired states for mahinga kai, alternative approaches are needed to establish condition bands for management. In particular, tools that assist with envisaging desired states and predicting environmental changes required to sustain those states will help communities and tangata whenua set management objectives. To achieve this effectively an approach is required that utilises Mātauranga Māori and science tools

text: Potential science tools to support mahinga kai decision-making in freshwater management Mahinga kai is a key value for freshwater management that needs to be articulated in objective setting for environmental limits in the National Objectives Framework (NOF). Mahinga kai generally refers to indigenous freshwater species that have traditionally been used for food, tools or other resources. Many mahinga kai sites, both current and historical, are in lowland settings where freshwater environments are often in a degraded state and values are correspondingly compromised. With limited availability of sites in good condition within rohe to help define desired states for mahinga kai, alternative approaches are needed to establish condition bands for management. In particular, tools that assist with envisaging desired states and predicting environmental changes required to sustain those states will help communities and tangata whenua set management objectives. To achieve this effectively an approach is required that utilises Mātauranga Māori and science tools

year: 2014