title: Listening to the Winds of Change: Assessing culturally responsive and relational pedagogy

authors: Thin-Rabb, Polly

subjects: Culturally responsive and relational pedagogy

abstract: This thesis examines how the Rongohia te Hau tools were used to capture a snapshot of the extent that culturally responsive and relational pedagogies were occurring within classrooms in two English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa, New Zealand. In this study, school leaders used Rongohia te Hau to measure changes in the educational experiences of Māori learners over twelve to eighteen-months, to prioritise next steps in addressing the educational inequities that were evident. 

With the contribution of teachers, leaders and kaitoro (Kia Eke Panuku facilitators), this research investigates the purpose and place of Rongohia te Hau within the Kia Eke Panuku professional learning and development context. It also presents and discusses the pedagogical shifts that occurred in these two schools over the period of this research, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative Rongohia te Hau data. Furthermore, the learning implications that arose out of this research are analysed to help generate new questions and considerations, to enable continuing conversations for these schools, other schools, professional learning and development providers and researchers.

text: Listening to the Winds of Change: Assessing culturally responsive and relational pedagogy This thesis examines how the Rongohia te Hau tools were used to capture a snapshot of the extent that culturally responsive and relational pedagogies were occurring within classrooms in two English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa, New Zealand. In this study, school leaders used Rongohia te Hau to measure changes in the educational experiences of Māori learners over twelve to eighteen-months, to prioritise next steps in addressing the educational inequities that were evident. 

With the contribution of teachers, leaders and kaitoro (Kia Eke Panuku facilitators), this research investigates the purpose and place of Rongohia te Hau within the Kia Eke Panuku professional learning and development context. It also presents and discusses the pedagogical shifts that occurred in these two schools over the period of this research, as evidenced by quantitative and qualitative Rongohia te Hau data. Furthermore, the learning implications that arose out of this research are analysed to help generate new questions and considerations, to enable continuing conversations for these schools, other schools, professional learning and development providers and researchers.

year: 2017

title: Informed consent in the Aotearoa New Zealand context

authors: Cargo, Tania

abstract: Psychologists are in very privileged positions; we use our clinical, community, academic, and research skills to support individuals, families, and communities, often during extremely vulnerable times in their lives. Psychologists have specific duties and responsibilities to not only offer a competent and ethical service, but to ensure that clients have been engaged in an open and honest process of gaining informed consent before a psychological service is offered, and either accepted or declined by the client (Knapp, Gottlieb, & Handelsman, 2015; Nagy, 2011).

text: Informed consent in the Aotearoa New Zealand context Psychologists are in very privileged positions; we use our clinical, community, academic, and research skills to support individuals, families, and communities, often during extremely vulnerable times in their lives. Psychologists have specific duties and responsibilities to not only offer a competent and ethical service, but to ensure that clients have been engaged in an open and honest process of gaining informed consent before a psychological service is offered, and either accepted or declined by the client (Knapp, Gottlieb, & Handelsman, 2015; Nagy, 2011).

year: 2016

title: Some chemistry of orthomanganated ketones

authors: Gommans, Louis H. P.

abstract: The major part of this thesis describes the preparation and reactions of orthomanganated aromatic ketones, such as (1), diagram. Among the new species characterised are substituted acetophenones, analogues of (1), namely: 3,4,5-trimethoxy (3); 4,5,6-trimethoxy (4); 3-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-4,5-dimethoxy (5); 4,5-dimethoxy (6); 5,6-dimethoxy (7); 3-benzyloxy-4,5-dimethoxy (8); and 3-t-butyldimethylsiloxy (9).
Hetero aromatic ketones have been used to prepare the corresponding orthomanganated compounds (10), (11), (12), (14) and (15) from the respective ketones 2-acetylthiophene, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2-acetyl-N-methylpyrrole, 3-acetylindole and 2- acetylfuran. The crystal structure of η²-(3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-4-yl)tetracarbonylmanganese (11) has been determined. The 5-manganated derivative (13) of flavanone has also been made. Attempted orthometallations of acetophenones with C₆H₅CH₂Co(CO)₄, C₆H₅CH₂Fe(CO)₂Cp and Pd(OAc)₂ were unsuccessful.
Reaction of (4) with Br₂ in carbon tetrachloride gave the orthobromoacetophenone 2'-bromo-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxyacetophenone (21) plus [Mn(CO)₄Br]₂. The corresponding orthoiodoacetophenone (28) and [Mn(CO)₄Cl]₂ was obtained using ICl. Other orthohalogenated ketones were obtained similarly. The reactions were sometimes unsuccessful (e.g. for (1)) or complicated (e.g. (5) competitive ring bromination). 
Oxidation of (1) or (4) with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (0.5 mol) in CD₃CO₂D gives the corresponding orthomonodeuterio acetophenones (19) or (20). A by-product from the oxidation of (4), the cyclic hemiketal, (36), was identified by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and one other product, the lactone, (37) was identified spectrally. 
Determination by ¹H-NMR of the ratio of the 3-deuterio- (1a) to 3-protio- (1) formed in the orthometallation of orthomonodeuterio acetophenone (19) by C₆H₅CH₂Mn(CO)₅ gave a hydrogen isotope effect of 3.6. Similarly, for 2'-deuterio-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxyacetophenone (20) the value was 2.9. However, when the orthodeuterioacetophenone (19) was reacted with cis - C₆H₅CH₂Mn(CO)₄P(C₆H₅)₃ the product fac-η²-(2-acetylphenyl) tricarbonyltriphenylphosphinomanganese (16)/(16a) showed a D/H ratio of only 1.1. Implications of these isotope effects for mechanisms are discussed.
Reactions of orthomanganted ketones with vinyl reagents in the presence of Pd(II) were studied in two solvents. In methanol, (1) with methyl acrylate (H₂C=CHCOOCH₃) and Li₂PdCl₄ (1 mol) gave methyl E-3-(2-acetylphenyl)acrylate (38). Similarly η²-(2-acetylthien-3-yl)-tetracarbonylmanganese (10) gave methyl E-3-(2-acetylthien-3-yl) acrylate (40). A variety of other products from coupling reactions with vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl vinyl ketone, acrolein and allyl alcohol are reported, and possible mechanisms for coupling reactions are discussed. In acetonitrile as solvent, under reflux, with PdCl₂ (1 mol) and excess LiCl, some of the orthomanganated ketones provided new routes to indenes in their reaction with methyl acrylate. Thus (4) gave methyl 3-methyl-5,6,7-trimethoxyindene-2-carboxylate (53), and (2) and (3) gave the corresponding indenes [(51) and (49)]. The thiophene derivative η²-(3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-4-yl)tetracarbonylmanganese (11) also gave the corresponding bicyclic compound, methyl 2,5,6-trimethyl-3H-cyclopenta-[c]-thiophene-4-carboxylate, (54) but the major product was the arylated acrylate ester (55) in this case.
In reaction of (2) with HgC1₂ in refluxing methanol, trans-metallation occurs to form chloro(2-acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl)mercury(II) (57). The corresponding mercuric chloride of (1), that is, chloro(2-acetylphenyl)mercury(II) (56), has also been prepared and its crystal structure is reported. 
In a separate study dodecahydrotriphenylene (C₁₈H₂₄) (58) has been used to prepare the isoelectronic metal arene π-complexes structures η⁶-(C₁₈H₂₄)Cr(CO)₃ (59) and η⁶-(C₁₈H₂₄)Mn(CO)₃⁺ (60). The crystal structures of the former and of the two distinct crystalline modifications of the latter, as BF₄⁻ salts are reported and compared.

text: Some chemistry of orthomanganated ketones The major part of this thesis describes the preparation and reactions of orthomanganated aromatic ketones, such as (1), diagram. Among the new species characterised are substituted acetophenones, analogues of (1), namely: 3,4,5-trimethoxy (3); 4,5,6-trimethoxy (4); 3-t-butyldimethylsiloxy-4,5-dimethoxy (5); 4,5-dimethoxy (6); 5,6-dimethoxy (7); 3-benzyloxy-4,5-dimethoxy (8); and 3-t-butyldimethylsiloxy (9).
Hetero aromatic ketones have been used to prepare the corresponding orthomanganated compounds (10), (11), (12), (14) and (15) from the respective ketones 2-acetylthiophene, 3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthiophene, 2-acetyl-N-methylpyrrole, 3-acetylindole and 2- acetylfuran. The crystal structure of η²-(3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-4-yl)tetracarbonylmanganese (11) has been determined. The 5-manganated derivative (13) of flavanone has also been made. Attempted orthometallations of acetophenones with C₆H₅CH₂Co(CO)₄, C₆H₅CH₂Fe(CO)₂Cp and Pd(OAc)₂ were unsuccessful.
Reaction of (4) with Br₂ in carbon tetrachloride gave the orthobromoacetophenone 2'-bromo-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxyacetophenone (21) plus [Mn(CO)₄Br]₂. The corresponding orthoiodoacetophenone (28) and [Mn(CO)₄Cl]₂ was obtained using ICl. Other orthohalogenated ketones were obtained similarly. The reactions were sometimes unsuccessful (e.g. for (1)) or complicated (e.g. (5) competitive ring bromination). 
Oxidation of (1) or (4) with cerium (IV) ammonium nitrate (0.5 mol) in CD₃CO₂D gives the corresponding orthomonodeuterio acetophenones (19) or (20). A by-product from the oxidation of (4), the cyclic hemiketal, (36), was identified by X-ray crystal structure analysis, and one other product, the lactone, (37) was identified spectrally. 
Determination by ¹H-NMR of the ratio of the 3-deuterio- (1a) to 3-protio- (1) formed in the orthometallation of orthomonodeuterio acetophenone (19) by C₆H₅CH₂Mn(CO)₅ gave a hydrogen isotope effect of 3.6. Similarly, for 2'-deuterio-3' ,4' ,5'-trimethoxyacetophenone (20) the value was 2.9. However, when the orthodeuterioacetophenone (19) was reacted with cis - C₆H₅CH₂Mn(CO)₄P(C₆H₅)₃ the product fac-η²-(2-acetylphenyl) tricarbonyltriphenylphosphinomanganese (16)/(16a) showed a D/H ratio of only 1.1. Implications of these isotope effects for mechanisms are discussed.
Reactions of orthomanganted ketones with vinyl reagents in the presence of Pd(II) were studied in two solvents. In methanol, (1) with methyl acrylate (H₂C=CHCOOCH₃) and Li₂PdCl₄ (1 mol) gave methyl E-3-(2-acetylphenyl)acrylate (38). Similarly η²-(2-acetylthien-3-yl)-tetracarbonylmanganese (10) gave methyl E-3-(2-acetylthien-3-yl) acrylate (40). A variety of other products from coupling reactions with vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, styrene, methyl vinyl ketone, acrolein and allyl alcohol are reported, and possible mechanisms for coupling reactions are discussed. In acetonitrile as solvent, under reflux, with PdCl₂ (1 mol) and excess LiCl, some of the orthomanganated ketones provided new routes to indenes in their reaction with methyl acrylate. Thus (4) gave methyl 3-methyl-5,6,7-trimethoxyindene-2-carboxylate (53), and (2) and (3) gave the corresponding indenes [(51) and (49)]. The thiophene derivative η²-(3-acetyl-2,5-dimethylthien-4-yl)tetracarbonylmanganese (11) also gave the corresponding bicyclic compound, methyl 2,5,6-trimethyl-3H-cyclopenta-[c]-thiophene-4-carboxylate, (54) but the major product was the arylated acrylate ester (55) in this case.
In reaction of (2) with HgC1₂ in refluxing methanol, trans-metallation occurs to form chloro(2-acetyl-5-methoxyphenyl)mercury(II) (57). The corresponding mercuric chloride of (1), that is, chloro(2-acetylphenyl)mercury(II) (56), has also been prepared and its crystal structure is reported. 
In a separate study dodecahydrotriphenylene (C₁₈H₂₄) (58) has been used to prepare the isoelectronic metal arene π-complexes structures η⁶-(C₁₈H₂₄)Cr(CO)₃ (59) and η⁶-(C₁₈H₂₄)Mn(CO)₃⁺ (60). The crystal structures of the former and of the two distinct crystalline modifications of the latter, as BF₄⁻ salts are reported and compared.

year: 1986