title: Synthesis and characterization of polymer-protected rhodium and palladium sols in mixed media

authors: Jaine, Jacob E.

subjects: Sol

abstract: A series of polymer-protectedrhodium and palladiumsols were generated in mixed (organic/aqueous) dispersion media. Protecting polymers used were PAA, PVP, PVA and an oligosaccharide-based protecting agent, arabinogalactan. This is the first systematic study of colloids generated in mixed solvent dispersion media with these protecting agents. The sols were characterized by TEM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS). In general, the macroscopic stability of the sols depended on the protecting agent/organic cosolvent combination used, with a nonlinear dependence on cosolvent concentration. Observed sol stabilities correlated well with pre-existing hydrodynamic data for the protective polymers, e.g. radius of gyration data. Average particle size and polydispersity of all sols examined decreased as cosolvent concentration increased, with actual cosolvent concentration, protecting agent and reducing agent used influencing the extent of decrease. Sol particle sizes ranged from 0.8 nm to 6.0 nm with sol turbidities decreasing in parallel with the particle sizes. Hydrodynamic sizes (from PCS) tended to reflect the sols’ macroscopic stabilities. FTIR studies using adsorbed CO as a spectroscopic surface probe indicated decreases in the ν(CO)ads stretching frequency with an increase in cosolvent concentration due to competitive adsorption of CO with the cosolvent molecules on the metal colloid surfaces.

text: Synthesis and characterization of polymer-protected rhodium and palladium sols in mixed media A series of polymer-protectedrhodium and palladiumsols were generated in mixed (organic/aqueous) dispersion media. Protecting polymers used were PAA, PVP, PVA and an oligosaccharide-based protecting agent, arabinogalactan. This is the first systematic study of colloids generated in mixed solvent dispersion media with these protecting agents. The sols were characterized by TEM, UV/Vis spectrophotometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (PCS). In general, the macroscopic stability of the sols depended on the protecting agent/organic cosolvent combination used, with a nonlinear dependence on cosolvent concentration. Observed sol stabilities correlated well with pre-existing hydrodynamic data for the protective polymers, e.g. radius of gyration data. Average particle size and polydispersity of all sols examined decreased as cosolvent concentration increased, with actual cosolvent concentration, protecting agent and reducing agent used influencing the extent of decrease. Sol particle sizes ranged from 0.8 nm to 6.0 nm with sol turbidities decreasing in parallel with the particle sizes. Hydrodynamic sizes (from PCS) tended to reflect the sols’ macroscopic stabilities. FTIR studies using adsorbed CO as a spectroscopic surface probe indicated decreases in the ν(CO)ads stretching frequency with an increase in cosolvent concentration due to competitive adsorption of CO with the cosolvent molecules on the metal colloid surfaces.

year: 2012

title: E G Jacoby: A Brief Historiography of New Zealand Demography

authors: Pool, Ian

abstract: Dr "Peter" Jacoby can legitimately be seen as the "founding father" of modern New Zealand demography. It was for this reason that the Population Association of New Zealand, with his widow's permission, have used his name for its student prize. Parenthetically, it can be noted here that the Goethe Society independently set up a Jacoby Prize -- I only learnt about this a year or so ago. In sum then, two professional bodies have recognised the contribution of Dr Jacoby to New Zealand Scholarship. Beyond this, representatives of the state library in the Landt where he had studied -- Schelswig -- came to New Zealand to collect the papers of this notable "native son" for their archives.

text: E G Jacoby: A Brief Historiography of New Zealand Demography Dr "Peter" Jacoby can legitimately be seen as the "founding father" of modern New Zealand demography. It was for this reason that the Population Association of New Zealand, with his widow's permission, have used his name for its student prize. Parenthetically, it can be noted here that the Goethe Society independently set up a Jacoby Prize -- I only learnt about this a year or so ago. In sum then, two professional bodies have recognised the contribution of Dr Jacoby to New Zealand Scholarship. Beyond this, representatives of the state library in the Landt where he had studied -- Schelswig -- came to New Zealand to collect the papers of this notable "native son" for their archives.

year: 2004

title: The "false generosity" of treaty settlements: innovation and contortion

authors: Te Aho, Linda

abstract: In Aotearoa New Zealand the ways in which indigenous claims to lands and waters are addressed are often looked to as good, or even best, practice by indigenous peoples around the world. While things are far from perfect, in recent decades Maori have succeeded in changing perceptions about the Treaty of Waitangi as the foundation of the nation, and work steadily continues on settling outstanding Treaty claims. The resulting Treaty of Waitangi settlements are negotiated arrangements which aim to remove a sense of historical grievance and achieve significant rebuilding of the Maori economy. They are seen by some as dynamic and powerful steps towards economic independence, as a means of recognising special relationships to lands and waters, and a necessary prerequisite to improved relationships between the state and the indigenous Maori in the future. ¹ Critics see the settlements and the processes followed to reach them as too heavily weighted in the government's favour. ² They argue that the settlements do not sufficiently compensate for actual losses. They are said to pit Maori against Maori. Diverse claimant groups are effectively forced to negotiate within standardised and fixed parameters. For these and other reasons, the settlement agreements, policies and processes have been labelled as divisive and compromising self-determination. ³

text: The "false generosity" of treaty settlements: innovation and contortion In Aotearoa New Zealand the ways in which indigenous claims to lands and waters are addressed are often looked to as good, or even best, practice by indigenous peoples around the world. While things are far from perfect, in recent decades Maori have succeeded in changing perceptions about the Treaty of Waitangi as the foundation of the nation, and work steadily continues on settling outstanding Treaty claims. The resulting Treaty of Waitangi settlements are negotiated arrangements which aim to remove a sense of historical grievance and achieve significant rebuilding of the Maori economy. They are seen by some as dynamic and powerful steps towards economic independence, as a means of recognising special relationships to lands and waters, and a necessary prerequisite to improved relationships between the state and the indigenous Maori in the future. ¹ Critics see the settlements and the processes followed to reach them as too heavily weighted in the government's favour. ² They argue that the settlements do not sufficiently compensate for actual losses. They are said to pit Maori against Maori. Diverse claimant groups are effectively forced to negotiate within standardised and fixed parameters. For these and other reasons, the settlement agreements, policies and processes have been labelled as divisive and compromising self-determination. ³

year: 2017