title: Dastgàh recognition in Iranian music: different features and optimized parameters

authors: Heydarian, Peyman

subjects: computer science

abstract: In this paper we report on the results of utilizing computational analysis to determine the dastgàh, the mode of music in the Iranian classical art music, using spectrogram and chroma features. We contrast the effectiveness of classifying music using the Manhattan distance and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). For our database of Iranian instrumental music played on a santur, using spectrogram and chroma features , we achieved accuracy rates of 90.11% and 80.2% when using Manhattan distance respectively. When using GMM with chroma, the accuracy rate was 89.0%. The effects of altering key parameters were also investigated, varying the amount of the training data and silence, as well as high frequency suppression on the results. The results from this phase of experimentation indicated that a 24 equal temperament was the best tone resolution. While experiments focused on dastgàh, with only minor adjustments the described techniques are applicable to traditional Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic and Greek music, and therefore suitable to use as a basis for a musicological tool that provides a broader form of cross-cultural audio search.

text: Dastgàh recognition in Iranian music: different features and optimized parameters In this paper we report on the results of utilizing computational analysis to determine the dastgàh, the mode of music in the Iranian classical art music, using spectrogram and chroma features. We contrast the effectiveness of classifying music using the Manhattan distance and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM). For our database of Iranian instrumental music played on a santur, using spectrogram and chroma features , we achieved accuracy rates of 90.11% and 80.2% when using Manhattan distance respectively. When using GMM with chroma, the accuracy rate was 89.0%. The effects of altering key parameters were also investigated, varying the amount of the training data and silence, as well as high frequency suppression on the results. The results from this phase of experimentation indicated that a 24 equal temperament was the best tone resolution. While experiments focused on dastgàh, with only minor adjustments the described techniques are applicable to traditional Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Arabic and Greek music, and therefore suitable to use as a basis for a musicological tool that provides a broader form of cross-cultural audio search.

year: 2019

title: The influence of asymptomatic hypermobility on unanticipated cutting biomechanics

authors: Hanzlíková, Ivana

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Background:
Generalized joint hypermobility is an important risk factor for knee injuries, including to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Examining movement patterns specific to hypermobile individuals during sport-specific movements could facilitate development of targeted recommendations and injury prevention programs for this population.

Hypothesis:
Asymptomatic hypermobile participants will present kinematics measures suggestive of a greater risk of noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.

Methods:
Forty-two (15 asymptomatic hypermobile and 27 nonhypermobile) individuals performed unanticipated side-step cutting on their dominant and nondominant legs. Ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and trunk angles in all planes of motion were collected during the first 100 ms after initial contact using a 3-dimensional infrared system. Precontact foot-ground angles were also extracted. Data from hypermobile and nonhypermobile groups were compared using multiple regression models with sex as a confounder. When nonsignificant, the confounder was removed from the model. Effect sizes (Hedge g) were calculated in the presence of significant between-group differences.

Results:
Hypermobile individuals presented with lower minimum knee valgus angles with a mean difference of 3.5° (P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.69) and greater peak knee external rotation angles with a mean difference of −4.5° (P = 0.04, Hedge g = 0.70) during dominant leg cutting, and lower peak ankle plantarflexion angles with a mean difference of 4.5° (P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.73) during nondominant leg cutting compared with nonhypermobile individuals.

Conclusion:
Based on current scientific evidence, however, the identified differences are not crucial biomechanical injury risk factors that could predispose asymptomatic hypermobile individuals to noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Clinical Relevance:
Further research is needed to highlight differences between hypermobility groups. Knowledge of the differences between these groups may change the physical activity recommendations, prevention of injury, and rehabilitation approaches.

text: The influence of asymptomatic hypermobility on unanticipated cutting biomechanics Background:
Generalized joint hypermobility is an important risk factor for knee injuries, including to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Examining movement patterns specific to hypermobile individuals during sport-specific movements could facilitate development of targeted recommendations and injury prevention programs for this population.

Hypothesis:
Asymptomatic hypermobile participants will present kinematics measures suggestive of a greater risk of noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Study Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:
Level 3.

Methods:
Forty-two (15 asymptomatic hypermobile and 27 nonhypermobile) individuals performed unanticipated side-step cutting on their dominant and nondominant legs. Ankle, knee, hip, pelvis, and trunk angles in all planes of motion were collected during the first 100 ms after initial contact using a 3-dimensional infrared system. Precontact foot-ground angles were also extracted. Data from hypermobile and nonhypermobile groups were compared using multiple regression models with sex as a confounder. When nonsignificant, the confounder was removed from the model. Effect sizes (Hedge g) were calculated in the presence of significant between-group differences.

Results:
Hypermobile individuals presented with lower minimum knee valgus angles with a mean difference of 3.5° (P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.69) and greater peak knee external rotation angles with a mean difference of −4.5° (P = 0.04, Hedge g = 0.70) during dominant leg cutting, and lower peak ankle plantarflexion angles with a mean difference of 4.5° (P = 0.03, Hedge g = 0.73) during nondominant leg cutting compared with nonhypermobile individuals.

Conclusion:
Based on current scientific evidence, however, the identified differences are not crucial biomechanical injury risk factors that could predispose asymptomatic hypermobile individuals to noncontact knee or ACL injuries.

Clinical Relevance:
Further research is needed to highlight differences between hypermobility groups. Knowledge of the differences between these groups may change the physical activity recommendations, prevention of injury, and rehabilitation approaches.

year: 2021

title: Coaching for the game of life: Driving coaching with mana

authors: Were, Brandyn Māia

subjects: Kaupapa Māori

abstract: Coaching needs to account for culture. This indigenous autoethnography explores personal experience to show how I, a young Māori male coach in Aotearoa New Zealand, navigates the complex nature of coaching. By weaving together Kaupapa Māori, established coaching knowledge, and experiences from my playing and coaching journey to date, a Kaupapa Māori coaching framework emerges – Driving Coaching with Mana.

As I reflect on the teachings of my coach, Mr. Mel Young, combined with my cultural identity, I reconnect to critical moments in my life that have shaped the person I am today and the values I hold, elevating the centrality of culture through the practice of Kaupapa, Ako, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga, Wairuatanga, and self-reflection as Āta-kaiako (a reflective coach).

Driven to enhance the development of rangatahi (youth) through sport, and informed by literature and experience, Driving Coaching with Mana is personally and culturally grounded – a way of thinking about coaching differently and in a more holistic way. There is more to the people we coach than their lives as athletes. Coaching is more than skill acquisition.

text: Coaching for the game of life: Driving coaching with mana Coaching needs to account for culture. This indigenous autoethnography explores personal experience to show how I, a young Māori male coach in Aotearoa New Zealand, navigates the complex nature of coaching. By weaving together Kaupapa Māori, established coaching knowledge, and experiences from my playing and coaching journey to date, a Kaupapa Māori coaching framework emerges – Driving Coaching with Mana.

As I reflect on the teachings of my coach, Mr. Mel Young, combined with my cultural identity, I reconnect to critical moments in my life that have shaped the person I am today and the values I hold, elevating the centrality of culture through the practice of Kaupapa, Ako, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga, Wairuatanga, and self-reflection as Āta-kaiako (a reflective coach).

Driven to enhance the development of rangatahi (youth) through sport, and informed by literature and experience, Driving Coaching with Mana is personally and culturally grounded – a way of thinking about coaching differently and in a more holistic way. There is more to the people we coach than their lives as athletes. Coaching is more than skill acquisition.

year: 2023