title: Young law and management students' perception of their future career

authors: Dyer, Suzette L.

subjects: women law students

abstract: In this paper, we examine young women law and management students' perceptions of their future career. Using focus groups, women participants stated that the main barriers to their future career progression would be conflict between motherhood and pressure to work long hours and pay disparities. The participants were unaware, however, of the many persistent barriers that restrict women's career advancement. Moreover, the law students had constituted themselves as future working mothers, while the management students constituted women as unreliable workers because of potential motherhood. These perceptions suggest that these young women are already conditioned to assimilate into current gendered employment structures evident in these two professions and are ill prepared to challenge gendered practices that restrict women's career advancement.

text: Young law and management students' perception of their future career In this paper, we examine young women law and management students' perceptions of their future career. Using focus groups, women participants stated that the main barriers to their future career progression would be conflict between motherhood and pressure to work long hours and pay disparities. The participants were unaware, however, of the many persistent barriers that restrict women's career advancement. Moreover, the law students had constituted themselves as future working mothers, while the management students constituted women as unreliable workers because of potential motherhood. These perceptions suggest that these young women are already conditioned to assimilate into current gendered employment structures evident in these two professions and are ill prepared to challenge gendered practices that restrict women's career advancement.

year: 2008

title: Connectivity and complexity of floodplain habitats govern zooplankton dynamics in a large temperate river system

authors: Górski, Konrad

subjects: flood pulse

abstract: 1.	Large river–floodplain systems are characterised by seasonal flow variability. High flows lead to hydrological connection between the main channel and inundated off-channel lakes, wetlands and floodplains, which provide essential habitats for riverine biota. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) that crustacean zooplankton are more abundant in connected lentic habitats such as riverine lakes and wetlands and have a different community composition compared with the main channel and (ii) that vegetation structure will moderate abundances of crustacean zooplankton in the lower reaches of the Waikato River, New Zealand.
2.	Zooplankton densities in main channel inflows and inundated floodplains showed clear seasonal changes, with cladoceran and copepod abundance peaks occurring in the majority of sites 2–3 weeks following the peak spring discharges (coinciding with the retreat of water from floodplains into the main channel).
3.	Mean densities of zooplankton were highest in the inflows originating from riverine lakes (10–20 ind. Lˉ¹) where rotifers were dominant. We recorded significantly higher abundances of copepods in peat bog and swamp wetland inflows (c. 5 ind. Lˉ¹) relative to the main river channel and riverine lake inflows (0.1–1 ind. Lˉ¹). Some lake inflows also had high numbers of cladocerans (5–10 ind. Lˉ¹). 
4.	Inundated floodplains displayed heterogeneity in zooplankton community composition in relation to their structural complexity. Flooded forest accommodated higher numbers of copepods (c. 8 ind. Lˉ¹) and cladocerans (c. 17 ind. Lˉ¹) than flooded grassland, where zooplankton assemblages resembled those in the main river channel and were characterised by dominance of rotifers and low overall zooplankton densities (1–2 ind. Lˉ¹).
5.	Our results suggest that seasonal flow and flood pulses, which determine the degree of connectivity of the main channel with the floodplain and off-channel habitats, govern zooplankton densities and community structure in this large temperate river. Furthermore, the structural complexity of floodplain habitats may play an important role in enhancing riverine zooplankton diversity. We postulate that the post-flood peak of large-bodied cladocerans and copepods might have historically played an important role in the provision of food for juvenile fish such as migrating Galaxiidae.

text: Connectivity and complexity of floodplain habitats govern zooplankton dynamics in a large temperate river system 1.	Large river–floodplain systems are characterised by seasonal flow variability. High flows lead to hydrological connection between the main channel and inundated off-channel lakes, wetlands and floodplains, which provide essential habitats for riverine biota. We tested the following hypotheses: (i) that crustacean zooplankton are more abundant in connected lentic habitats such as riverine lakes and wetlands and have a different community composition compared with the main channel and (ii) that vegetation structure will moderate abundances of crustacean zooplankton in the lower reaches of the Waikato River, New Zealand.
2.	Zooplankton densities in main channel inflows and inundated floodplains showed clear seasonal changes, with cladoceran and copepod abundance peaks occurring in the majority of sites 2–3 weeks following the peak spring discharges (coinciding with the retreat of water from floodplains into the main channel).
3.	Mean densities of zooplankton were highest in the inflows originating from riverine lakes (10–20 ind. Lˉ¹) where rotifers were dominant. We recorded significantly higher abundances of copepods in peat bog and swamp wetland inflows (c. 5 ind. Lˉ¹) relative to the main river channel and riverine lake inflows (0.1–1 ind. Lˉ¹). Some lake inflows also had high numbers of cladocerans (5–10 ind. Lˉ¹). 
4.	Inundated floodplains displayed heterogeneity in zooplankton community composition in relation to their structural complexity. Flooded forest accommodated higher numbers of copepods (c. 8 ind. Lˉ¹) and cladocerans (c. 17 ind. Lˉ¹) than flooded grassland, where zooplankton assemblages resembled those in the main river channel and were characterised by dominance of rotifers and low overall zooplankton densities (1–2 ind. Lˉ¹).
5.	Our results suggest that seasonal flow and flood pulses, which determine the degree of connectivity of the main channel with the floodplain and off-channel habitats, govern zooplankton densities and community structure in this large temperate river. Furthermore, the structural complexity of floodplain habitats may play an important role in enhancing riverine zooplankton diversity. We postulate that the post-flood peak of large-bodied cladocerans and copepods might have historically played an important role in the provision of food for juvenile fish such as migrating Galaxiidae.

year: 2013

title: Effects of industry on Maori cultural values: The case of the Tarawera River

authors: Dodd, Materoa

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The research is a case study of the relationship between three tribes; Te Arawa, Tuwharetoa ki Kawerau and Ngāti Awa and the Tarawera River during the second half of the 20th century when the river was polluted with effluent from pulp and paper mills. It involves the cultural story of the Tarawera River as told by the iwi (tribes) of the river informed by Maori epistemologies and what has come to be known as a ‗kaupapa Maori research' approach. Reference is made to the history, legends, customs and lifestyle that have arisen from the relationship between iwi and the river. It includes comments on the pollution of the river from members of each iwi. The world views, experiences, and perceptions reported on here have forced a fundamental change on the iwi, a change that has affected their cultural and social relationship to the river. The price of economic development on the river has been cultural and ecological genocide. 
The cultural voice echoes a familiar story in indigenous communities. In the Maori context the research provides opportunities for further inquiry into determining the socio-cultural, economic and political future of the iwi of the river.

text: Effects of industry on Maori cultural values: The case of the Tarawera River The research is a case study of the relationship between three tribes; Te Arawa, Tuwharetoa ki Kawerau and Ngāti Awa and the Tarawera River during the second half of the 20th century when the river was polluted with effluent from pulp and paper mills. It involves the cultural story of the Tarawera River as told by the iwi (tribes) of the river informed by Maori epistemologies and what has come to be known as a ‗kaupapa Maori research' approach. Reference is made to the history, legends, customs and lifestyle that have arisen from the relationship between iwi and the river. It includes comments on the pollution of the river from members of each iwi. The world views, experiences, and perceptions reported on here have forced a fundamental change on the iwi, a change that has affected their cultural and social relationship to the river. The price of economic development on the river has been cultural and ecological genocide. 
The cultural voice echoes a familiar story in indigenous communities. In the Maori context the research provides opportunities for further inquiry into determining the socio-cultural, economic and political future of the iwi of the river.

year: 2010