title: Betterment taxes, capital gains and benefit cost ratios

authors: Coleman, Andrew

subjects: betterment tax

abstract: ‘Betterment’ taxes can be used to fund infrastructure investments. We relate betterment taxes to the benefit: cost ratio, deriving conditions under which a project can be funded by such taxes, and relate betterment taxes also to a capital gains tax.

text: Betterment taxes, capital gains and benefit cost ratios ‘Betterment’ taxes can be used to fund infrastructure investments. We relate betterment taxes to the benefit: cost ratio, deriving conditions under which a project can be funded by such taxes, and relate betterment taxes also to a capital gains tax.

year: 2010

title: Efficient filtering of composite events

authors: Hinze, Annika

subjects: computer science

abstract: Event Notification Services (ENS) are used in various applications such as remote monitoring and control, stock tickers, traffic control, or facility management. The performance issues of the filtering of primitive events has been widely studied. However, for a growing number of applications, the rapid notification about the occurrence of composite events is an important issue. Currently, the detection of composite events requires a second filtering step after the identification of the primitive components. In this paper, we propose a single-step method for the filtering of composite events. The method has been implemented and tested within our ENS prototype CompAS. Using our method, the filter response time for composite events is significantly reduced. Additionally, the overall performance of the event filtering has been improved.

text: Efficient filtering of composite events Event Notification Services (ENS) are used in various applications such as remote monitoring and control, stock tickers, traffic control, or facility management. The performance issues of the filtering of primitive events has been widely studied. However, for a growing number of applications, the rapid notification about the occurrence of composite events is an important issue. Currently, the detection of composite events requires a second filtering step after the identification of the primitive components. In this paper, we propose a single-step method for the filtering of composite events. The method has been implemented and tested within our ENS prototype CompAS. Using our method, the filter response time for composite events is significantly reduced. Additionally, the overall performance of the event filtering has been improved.

year: 2003

title: Putting Sylvia in her place: history, geographical theory and the “New” Education

authors: Middleton, Sue

subjects: Sylvia Ashton-Warner

abstract: New Zealander Sylvia Ashton-Warner, a teacher in remote rural Mori schools in the 1940s-1950s, became internationally renowned as a novelist and educational theorist. Earlier commentators portrayed her educational theory as in conflict with those of her time and place, but recent studies conceptualise them as enabled by it. While space/place has often been considered the preserve of the geographer and time that of the historian, Henri Lefebvre and others suggest that: “these issues need to be thought together rather than separately” and that macro-, meso- and micro-levels of analysis be engaged simultaneously. The author traces how conceptual, linguistic, sensory and intellectual resources of the global “New Education” movement extended into the tiny bush-encircled Mori communities in which Sylvia taught and wrote in the 1940s-1950s and surfaced in her writing. The article zooms in and out between the “the immensity of the global” (the New Education, the Second World War) and “the intimately tiny” (her classroom and home). The “data” include Sylvia's non-fiction education texts and official documents of her time: school curricula, education policy documents, Ministerial and Inspectors' reports. What Lefebvre terms a “Rhythm analysis” of Ashton-Warner's educational writing shows intermingled pulses of domestic life, routines of educational bureaucracy, cycles of nature, and cataclysms of world events. It is important for historians to study “the where rather than just the when with location and landscape central parts of the analysis”.

text: Putting Sylvia in her place: history, geographical theory and the “New” Education New Zealander Sylvia Ashton-Warner, a teacher in remote rural Mori schools in the 1940s-1950s, became internationally renowned as a novelist and educational theorist. Earlier commentators portrayed her educational theory as in conflict with those of her time and place, but recent studies conceptualise them as enabled by it. While space/place has often been considered the preserve of the geographer and time that of the historian, Henri Lefebvre and others suggest that: “these issues need to be thought together rather than separately” and that macro-, meso- and micro-levels of analysis be engaged simultaneously. The author traces how conceptual, linguistic, sensory and intellectual resources of the global “New Education” movement extended into the tiny bush-encircled Mori communities in which Sylvia taught and wrote in the 1940s-1950s and surfaced in her writing. The article zooms in and out between the “the immensity of the global” (the New Education, the Second World War) and “the intimately tiny” (her classroom and home). The “data” include Sylvia's non-fiction education texts and official documents of her time: school curricula, education policy documents, Ministerial and Inspectors' reports. What Lefebvre terms a “Rhythm analysis” of Ashton-Warner's educational writing shows intermingled pulses of domestic life, routines of educational bureaucracy, cycles of nature, and cataclysms of world events. It is important for historians to study “the where rather than just the when with location and landscape central parts of the analysis”.

year: 2011