title: Research assessment as a pedagogical device: Bernstein, professional identity and Education in New Zealand

authors: Middleton, Sue

subjects: education

abstract: Recent restructuring of research funding for New Zealand's higher education institutions is 'outputs-driven'. Under the Performance Based Research Fund, units of assessment of research quality are individuals, every degree teacher receiving a confidential score of A, B or C (if deemed 'research active') or 'R' ('Research Inactive'). Despite its relatively high number of A and B rated individuals, Education's collective ranking was low. I interviewed staff and draw on Bernstein to explore how this process affects professional identity formation, a process involving engagement with changing 'official' external identities. I overview Bernsteinian concepts, historicise Education's changing official identities and illustrate how these enabled and constrained participants' self-definitions before, during, and immediately after, the quality evaluation. The imposition of audit culture reproduces old theory/practice binaries.

text: Research assessment as a pedagogical device: Bernstein, professional identity and Education in New Zealand Recent restructuring of research funding for New Zealand's higher education institutions is 'outputs-driven'. Under the Performance Based Research Fund, units of assessment of research quality are individuals, every degree teacher receiving a confidential score of A, B or C (if deemed 'research active') or 'R' ('Research Inactive'). Despite its relatively high number of A and B rated individuals, Education's collective ranking was low. I interviewed staff and draw on Bernstein to explore how this process affects professional identity formation, a process involving engagement with changing 'official' external identities. I overview Bernsteinian concepts, historicise Education's changing official identities and illustrate how these enabled and constrained participants' self-definitions before, during, and immediately after, the quality evaluation. The imposition of audit culture reproduces old theory/practice binaries.

year: 2008-03

title: Botswana electricity sector planning and CO₂ emissions reduction through solar PV in office buildings

authors: Mukwaso, Simasiku Titus

abstract: Coal is the most abundant energy resource in Botswana, with a total reserve of about 212 billion tones. Currently 600 MW of electricity is generated from coal and 160 MW is generated from imported diesel fuel. With rising electricity demand in the future it is planned that the extra generation will come from coal, however there is mounting pressure to reduce CO₂ emissions during electricity generation. The main challenge Botswana is facing, from an electricity generation point of view, is to find alternate and economic clean energy technologies for electricity generation in order to reduce CO₂ emissions. With little natural renewable energy resources other than the sun, the most obvious alternative to coal generation is solar generation. Botswana is blessed with about 21MJ/m² /day of average solar radiation with over 3200 hours of sunshine per year.

In order to reduce emissions Botswana has set targets of 15 percent and 25 percent electricity generation from renewables (most likely solar) by 2025 and 2030 respectively, as well as replacing planned coal generation expansion with Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in future. Furthermore, the government is also considering using Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) to reducing CO₂ emissions from coal generation, as an alternative to widespread solar.

With these thoughts in mind this study investigates; (1) generation options for reducing CO₂ emission in the electricity sector of Botswana through to 2030, (2) the economic feasibility of using solar PV in Botswana office buildings, and (3) the amount of CO₂ emissions reduction that can be achieved if the solar PV generation was rolled out to many office buildings in Botswana, both commercial and government buildings.

From the electricity sector planning study compared to business as usual, a 44.6 percent CO₂ emission reduction in Botswana is possible through uptake of 25 percent solar PV and replacing diesel with CBM. With additional application of CCS to coal, emissions can be reduced further to 82.1 percent. However, the additional 37.5 percent emissions reduction relies heavily on CCS a developing technology with high system costs.

From the solar PV study, two DC solar PV systems were determined to be the most economical system with Net Present Costs (NPC) of US$ 1,840,105.75 and US$ 473,394.53, compared to two AC solar PV systems with NPC of US$ 2,068,279.31 and US$ 587,673.24. The levelized costs for DC solar PV system without inverter and batteries is 0.47 US$/kWh which is 14.9% less than the AC solar PV system with inverter without batteries at 0.54 US$/kWh. Similarly, the DC solar PV system with batteries is 1.82 US$/kWh, 3.8% lower as compared to levelized costs for AC solar PV system with batteries and inverter at 1.89 US$/kWh.

Lastly, it is estimated that between 12 percent and 39 percent CO₂ emissions reduction is possible in Botswana by rolling out installation of DC solar PV systems in 11564 commercial and government office buildings throughout Botswana.

text: Botswana electricity sector planning and CO₂ emissions reduction through solar PV in office buildings Coal is the most abundant energy resource in Botswana, with a total reserve of about 212 billion tones. Currently 600 MW of electricity is generated from coal and 160 MW is generated from imported diesel fuel. With rising electricity demand in the future it is planned that the extra generation will come from coal, however there is mounting pressure to reduce CO₂ emissions during electricity generation. The main challenge Botswana is facing, from an electricity generation point of view, is to find alternate and economic clean energy technologies for electricity generation in order to reduce CO₂ emissions. With little natural renewable energy resources other than the sun, the most obvious alternative to coal generation is solar generation. Botswana is blessed with about 21MJ/m² /day of average solar radiation with over 3200 hours of sunshine per year.

In order to reduce emissions Botswana has set targets of 15 percent and 25 percent electricity generation from renewables (most likely solar) by 2025 and 2030 respectively, as well as replacing planned coal generation expansion with Coal Bed Methane (CBM) in future. Furthermore, the government is also considering using Carbon Capture Storage (CCS) to reducing CO₂ emissions from coal generation, as an alternative to widespread solar.

With these thoughts in mind this study investigates; (1) generation options for reducing CO₂ emission in the electricity sector of Botswana through to 2030, (2) the economic feasibility of using solar PV in Botswana office buildings, and (3) the amount of CO₂ emissions reduction that can be achieved if the solar PV generation was rolled out to many office buildings in Botswana, both commercial and government buildings.

From the electricity sector planning study compared to business as usual, a 44.6 percent CO₂ emission reduction in Botswana is possible through uptake of 25 percent solar PV and replacing diesel with CBM. With additional application of CCS to coal, emissions can be reduced further to 82.1 percent. However, the additional 37.5 percent emissions reduction relies heavily on CCS a developing technology with high system costs.

From the solar PV study, two DC solar PV systems were determined to be the most economical system with Net Present Costs (NPC) of US$ 1,840,105.75 and US$ 473,394.53, compared to two AC solar PV systems with NPC of US$ 2,068,279.31 and US$ 587,673.24. The levelized costs for DC solar PV system without inverter and batteries is 0.47 US$/kWh which is 14.9% less than the AC solar PV system with inverter without batteries at 0.54 US$/kWh. Similarly, the DC solar PV system with batteries is 1.82 US$/kWh, 3.8% lower as compared to levelized costs for AC solar PV system with batteries and inverter at 1.89 US$/kWh.

Lastly, it is estimated that between 12 percent and 39 percent CO₂ emissions reduction is possible in Botswana by rolling out installation of DC solar PV systems in 11564 commercial and government office buildings throughout Botswana.

year: 2017

title: He ara whakaora i whaia e atahi wahine i tukinohia = Long term effects of childhood sexual abuse among Maori women: A healing path for abused women

authors: Hippolite Wright, Debbie

subjects: Sexual abuse victims

abstract: He Ara Whakaora I Whaia E Etahi Wahine I Tukinohia: A Healing Path for Abused Women is a qualitative study of long term effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Maori women. Thirteen Maori women of diverse ages, sexual orientations, socioeconomic, religious, and tribal backgrounds shared their life experiences in a series of semistructured interviews. The women describe the physical, social and emotional impact the sexual abuse had on them. lndepth case studies are used to explore how these women rallied their personal, interpersonal, and social resources to survive the abuse, and ultimately find a way of healing. A theoretical synthesis comprising Tikanga Maori, Ecological Psychology, Social Systems theory, and Feminist theory is used to shed light on the participants' narratives. They also identify characteristics of their perpetrators, most were male and all but one was a trusted individual. A culturally competent model of healing for Maori survivors of sexual abuse was generated from the collective survival and healing strategies described by the participants.

text: He ara whakaora i whaia e atahi wahine i tukinohia = Long term effects of childhood sexual abuse among Maori women: A healing path for abused women He Ara Whakaora I Whaia E Etahi Wahine I Tukinohia: A Healing Path for Abused Women is a qualitative study of long term effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Maori women. Thirteen Maori women of diverse ages, sexual orientations, socioeconomic, religious, and tribal backgrounds shared their life experiences in a series of semistructured interviews. The women describe the physical, social and emotional impact the sexual abuse had on them. lndepth case studies are used to explore how these women rallied their personal, interpersonal, and social resources to survive the abuse, and ultimately find a way of healing. A theoretical synthesis comprising Tikanga Maori, Ecological Psychology, Social Systems theory, and Feminist theory is used to shed light on the participants' narratives. They also identify characteristics of their perpetrators, most were male and all but one was a trusted individual. A culturally competent model of healing for Maori survivors of sexual abuse was generated from the collective survival and healing strategies described by the participants.

year: 1998