title: Carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA) for emissions reduction in the New Zealand electricity sector

authors: Atkins, Martin John

subjects: Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis

abstract: Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis (CEPA) is a recent extension of traditional thermal and mass pinch analysis to the area of emissions targeting and planning on a macroscale (i.e. economy wide). This paper presents a carbon pinch analysis of the New Zealand electricity industry and illustrates some of the issues with realising meaningful emissions reductions. The current large proportion of renewable generation sources (~67% in 2007) complicates wholesale emissions reductions. The biggest growth in renewable generation is expected to come from geothermal energy followed by wind and hydro. A four fold increase in geothermal generation capacity is needed in addition to large amounts of new wind generation to reduce emissions to around 1990 levels and also meet projected demand. The expected expansion of geothermal generation in New Zealand raises issues of GHG emissions from the geothermal fields. The emissions factors between fields can vary by almost two orders of magnitude making predictions of total emissions highly site specific.

text: Carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA) for emissions reduction in the New Zealand electricity sector Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis (CEPA) is a recent extension of traditional thermal and mass pinch analysis to the area of emissions targeting and planning on a macroscale (i.e. economy wide). This paper presents a carbon pinch analysis of the New Zealand electricity industry and illustrates some of the issues with realising meaningful emissions reductions. The current large proportion of renewable generation sources (~67% in 2007) complicates wholesale emissions reductions. The biggest growth in renewable generation is expected to come from geothermal energy followed by wind and hydro. A four fold increase in geothermal generation capacity is needed in addition to large amounts of new wind generation to reduce emissions to around 1990 levels and also meet projected demand. The expected expansion of geothermal generation in New Zealand raises issues of GHG emissions from the geothermal fields. The emissions factors between fields can vary by almost two orders of magnitude making predictions of total emissions highly site specific.

year: 2009

title: National Kava Forum Report : Moving kava forward in Australia

authors: Manikis, Nic

abstract: The National Kava Forum held on 18 June 2021 was organised by an enthusiastic team from Fair Canberra Inc as the first in a series of forums planned for 2021 on topics of interest to members of our organisation.
Fair Canberra Inc is a not-for-profit community Association incorporated in August 2017 with the objective to advocate for issues of interest and concern to Canberra’s multicultural community groups.
A significant number of members of Fair Canberra Inc have a Pacific Island background and each hold a deep cultural interest in the topic of kava.
Pacific Islander members of Fair Canberra Inc have made it clear that kava has a deep cultural, social and economic significance across the region. They have stressed that kava is not alcohol and does not have hallucinogenic properties nor does it inhibit reasoning or affect driving in the same manner as alcohol or cannabis. Members have further pointed out that scientific evidence shows that kava usage does not cause any serious, long-term health issues.
The National Kava Forum was organised at the request of members of Fair Canberra Inc as they were keen to learn about the Australian Government’s plans for kava importation and wanted their voices heard by those responsible for decision making on the issue.
The National Kava Forum produced valuable feedback from both community representatives and from experts relying on science about the way kava is perceived in Australia.
This report outlines what changes need to be made and how those changes would be best implemented.
This report contains recommendations and insights which I am confident decision makers who are responsible for implementing Government policy on kava related matters would find useful.

text: National Kava Forum Report : Moving kava forward in Australia The National Kava Forum held on 18 June 2021 was organised by an enthusiastic team from Fair Canberra Inc as the first in a series of forums planned for 2021 on topics of interest to members of our organisation.
Fair Canberra Inc is a not-for-profit community Association incorporated in August 2017 with the objective to advocate for issues of interest and concern to Canberra’s multicultural community groups.
A significant number of members of Fair Canberra Inc have a Pacific Island background and each hold a deep cultural interest in the topic of kava.
Pacific Islander members of Fair Canberra Inc have made it clear that kava has a deep cultural, social and economic significance across the region. They have stressed that kava is not alcohol and does not have hallucinogenic properties nor does it inhibit reasoning or affect driving in the same manner as alcohol or cannabis. Members have further pointed out that scientific evidence shows that kava usage does not cause any serious, long-term health issues.
The National Kava Forum was organised at the request of members of Fair Canberra Inc as they were keen to learn about the Australian Government’s plans for kava importation and wanted their voices heard by those responsible for decision making on the issue.
The National Kava Forum produced valuable feedback from both community representatives and from experts relying on science about the way kava is perceived in Australia.
This report outlines what changes need to be made and how those changes would be best implemented.
This report contains recommendations and insights which I am confident decision makers who are responsible for implementing Government policy on kava related matters would find useful.

year: 2021

title: Medications and meanings in Maori households with chronic illnesses

authors: Carlson, Teah

subjects: medications

abstract: Domestic spaces have always featured as sites for health care. The home is increasingly referred to as a new therapeutic space within which chronic illnesses are managed within everyday life. This research explores the meanings and use of medications within four Māori households containing at least one chronically ill householder. A broad ethnographic approach was used to capture popular understandings and medication use in daily life. Multiple methods were used, including group discussions with household members, individual interviews, household mapping, and photographic and diary elicitation tasks. Findings shed light on the sources and uses of medications, householder knowledge of medications, communal practices of sharing, caring, rationalising use, grappling with side-effects and the management of illness. I consider what it means for householders to take medications themselves or give these to others, and the care-giving practices that feature in the everyday consumption of medicines. The research is based on the premise that medications are material objects with therapeutic uses that enter into and take on meaning within people’s lives. Medications become culturally embedded phenomena that carry meanings and shape social relationships and practices with Māori households. As such, medications were used in a way that reflected the cultural values and bonds within the households. Within household relationships, medications were invested within meaning to show aroha, support and care. Within a Māori whānau context, the values of maanakitanga, rangatiratanga, and whanaungatanga were recognised as having an integral role in understanding the social practices with medications in each household.

text: Medications and meanings in Maori households with chronic illnesses Domestic spaces have always featured as sites for health care. The home is increasingly referred to as a new therapeutic space within which chronic illnesses are managed within everyday life. This research explores the meanings and use of medications within four Māori households containing at least one chronically ill householder. A broad ethnographic approach was used to capture popular understandings and medication use in daily life. Multiple methods were used, including group discussions with household members, individual interviews, household mapping, and photographic and diary elicitation tasks. Findings shed light on the sources and uses of medications, householder knowledge of medications, communal practices of sharing, caring, rationalising use, grappling with side-effects and the management of illness. I consider what it means for householders to take medications themselves or give these to others, and the care-giving practices that feature in the everyday consumption of medicines. The research is based on the premise that medications are material objects with therapeutic uses that enter into and take on meaning within people’s lives. Medications become culturally embedded phenomena that carry meanings and shape social relationships and practices with Māori households. As such, medications were used in a way that reflected the cultural values and bonds within the households. Within household relationships, medications were invested within meaning to show aroha, support and care. Within a Māori whānau context, the values of maanakitanga, rangatiratanga, and whanaungatanga were recognised as having an integral role in understanding the social practices with medications in each household.

year: 2010