title: Contextualizing Indigenous people and the state of exception: New Zealand's Waikeria Prison protest

authors: Martin, Jessica

abstract: On Tuesday, December 29, 2020, 16 protesters at Waikeria Prison, one of New Zealand's largest male prisons, engaged in a six-day standoff with prison guards to protest inhumane prison conditions. The Department of Corrections framed the event as an aimless riot, delegitimizing the intentional demonstration of resistance against state violence. Imprisoned intellectuals, specifically Imprisoned Black Radical tradition, have long examined and centered the prison as the harshest instrument of the state linked to the struggles of the collective. However, voices from imprisoned intellectuals are rarely considered in academic scholarship despite acute analysis of the state and liberation. This article employs the state of exception to contextualize the Waikeria protest. Particular attention is devoted to the ‘state of continuity,’ which allows for a broader understanding of a permanent state of racialized oppression and marginalization faced by Indigenous and Black communities in racialized-settler-colonial contexts. Populations designated as the exception are thus framed as a threat targeted for militaristic police intervention. This article concludes by extending the discussion of the state of continuity to include how expressions of rage and dissent by Indigenous and Black people are viewed as a direct threat to the sovereign order but are necessary for revolutionary change.

text: Contextualizing Indigenous people and the state of exception: New Zealand's Waikeria Prison protest On Tuesday, December 29, 2020, 16 protesters at Waikeria Prison, one of New Zealand's largest male prisons, engaged in a six-day standoff with prison guards to protest inhumane prison conditions. The Department of Corrections framed the event as an aimless riot, delegitimizing the intentional demonstration of resistance against state violence. Imprisoned intellectuals, specifically Imprisoned Black Radical tradition, have long examined and centered the prison as the harshest instrument of the state linked to the struggles of the collective. However, voices from imprisoned intellectuals are rarely considered in academic scholarship despite acute analysis of the state and liberation. This article employs the state of exception to contextualize the Waikeria protest. Particular attention is devoted to the ‘state of continuity,’ which allows for a broader understanding of a permanent state of racialized oppression and marginalization faced by Indigenous and Black communities in racialized-settler-colonial contexts. Populations designated as the exception are thus framed as a threat targeted for militaristic police intervention. This article concludes by extending the discussion of the state of continuity to include how expressions of rage and dissent by Indigenous and Black people are viewed as a direct threat to the sovereign order but are necessary for revolutionary change.

year: 2024-05-16

title: Diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand picturebooks published between 2021 and 2022

authors: Daly, Nicola

subjects: Design

abstract: It is widely accepted that diversity in the literature read by and with children is of great importance, both for ensuring all children see themselves in the stories they share and in ensuring children are aware of lives and experiences outside their own. There is a growing body of international literature critically exploring the diversity present in English-language children’s literature, but to date very little analysing diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study examines 90 picturebooks published between 2021 and 2022 in terms of representations of ethnicity, skin colour, gender, disability, family structures, and language use. Findings indicate similar representations of gender, disability, and family structure to those found internationally but higher representation in relation to the ethnicity and skin colour of primary and secondary characters. New findings in relation to language use are presented. Future research concerning the details of representation in picturebooks and other formats of children’s literature in Aotearoa New Zealand is called for.

text: Diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand picturebooks published between 2021 and 2022 It is widely accepted that diversity in the literature read by and with children is of great importance, both for ensuring all children see themselves in the stories they share and in ensuring children are aware of lives and experiences outside their own. There is a growing body of international literature critically exploring the diversity present in English-language children’s literature, but to date very little analysing diversity in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study examines 90 picturebooks published between 2021 and 2022 in terms of representations of ethnicity, skin colour, gender, disability, family structures, and language use. Findings indicate similar representations of gender, disability, and family structure to those found internationally but higher representation in relation to the ethnicity and skin colour of primary and secondary characters. New findings in relation to language use are presented. Future research concerning the details of representation in picturebooks and other formats of children’s literature in Aotearoa New Zealand is called for.

year: 2025

title: Is Community-Based Tourism  beneficial to local communities?  The case of Naduang Village,  Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos

authors: Singbandith, Saysamone

subjects: Community-Based Tourism in Laos

abstract: Tourism plays a critical role in social-economic development in both developed and developing countries. Recently, Laos, a developing country, has embraced tourism as a tool for socio-economic development and launched a number of tourism projects, one of which is the Sustainable Tourism Development Project (STDP). This project was aimed at contributing towards the sustainable socio-economic development of the country, focusing especially on poverty reduction, sustainable development and protection of natural and cultural heritage. However, do such initiatives result in the long-term benefits for the host community? 
This research employs a qualitative approach to examine this question. The study focuses on four overarching themes: community participation in CBT, supply chain in CBT, benefits of CBT, and assessment of the effects of the STDP in a case study community: Naduang Village, Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with 20 participants who are involved in community-based tourism activities were used.
The findings of this study reveal that local residents understand the nature of community-based tourism well. They recognise what they should contribute to and can gain from their participation in tourism. However, the involvement in the decision-making process of villagers in community-based tourism is limited, other than the Village Authority. This research also finds that the tourism supply chain in Naduang Village is largely informal, formed by internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders comprise CBT groups, whose tasks make up the key components of CBT activities, while the external stakeholders consist of tourists, private tourism companies, traders, and suppliers whose activities play a part in CBT in Naduang Village and the Lao government. 
Further, the findings suggest that community-based tourism has considerable advantages to not only internal stakeholders who are directly involved but also to those in the village who are not directly involved in CBT activities. Additionally, tourism benefits the external stakeholders. More importantly, participants have claimed that the CBT activities will continue to grow even though the aid funding has stopped since they have more experience and awareness of the importance of tourism to their community. The income and other benefits from tourism are not central to their livelihoods but are a secondary source.
Nonetheless, three main points need to be addressed in order to improve CBT activities in Naduang Village, namely amenities improvement, CBT activities diversification, and improvement of financial management. 
The key contribution to literature of this research is the exploration of the gaps in literature regarding the informal economy and the supply chain for community-based tourism. The research reconceptualises community-based tourism as one element of a sustainable development system which cannot be separated from either the goods and services or the informal economy, which interfaces with the external, formal tourism industry. All are held together by the strength and power of relationships within social networks.

text: Is Community-Based Tourism  beneficial to local communities?  The case of Naduang Village,  Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province, Laos Tourism plays a critical role in social-economic development in both developed and developing countries. Recently, Laos, a developing country, has embraced tourism as a tool for socio-economic development and launched a number of tourism projects, one of which is the Sustainable Tourism Development Project (STDP). This project was aimed at contributing towards the sustainable socio-economic development of the country, focusing especially on poverty reduction, sustainable development and protection of natural and cultural heritage. However, do such initiatives result in the long-term benefits for the host community? 
This research employs a qualitative approach to examine this question. The study focuses on four overarching themes: community participation in CBT, supply chain in CBT, benefits of CBT, and assessment of the effects of the STDP in a case study community: Naduang Village, Vang Vieng District, Vientiane Province. Participant observation and in-depth interviews with 20 participants who are involved in community-based tourism activities were used.
The findings of this study reveal that local residents understand the nature of community-based tourism well. They recognise what they should contribute to and can gain from their participation in tourism. However, the involvement in the decision-making process of villagers in community-based tourism is limited, other than the Village Authority. This research also finds that the tourism supply chain in Naduang Village is largely informal, formed by internal and external stakeholders. The internal stakeholders comprise CBT groups, whose tasks make up the key components of CBT activities, while the external stakeholders consist of tourists, private tourism companies, traders, and suppliers whose activities play a part in CBT in Naduang Village and the Lao government. 
Further, the findings suggest that community-based tourism has considerable advantages to not only internal stakeholders who are directly involved but also to those in the village who are not directly involved in CBT activities. Additionally, tourism benefits the external stakeholders. More importantly, participants have claimed that the CBT activities will continue to grow even though the aid funding has stopped since they have more experience and awareness of the importance of tourism to their community. The income and other benefits from tourism are not central to their livelihoods but are a secondary source.
Nonetheless, three main points need to be addressed in order to improve CBT activities in Naduang Village, namely amenities improvement, CBT activities diversification, and improvement of financial management. 
The key contribution to literature of this research is the exploration of the gaps in literature regarding the informal economy and the supply chain for community-based tourism. The research reconceptualises community-based tourism as one element of a sustainable development system which cannot be separated from either the goods and services or the informal economy, which interfaces with the external, formal tourism industry. All are held together by the strength and power of relationships within social networks.

year: 2016