title: Definitions: Does disjunction mean dysfunction?

authors: Kingsbury, Justine

subjects: philosophy

abstract: Our concern in this paper is with definitions that are not conjunctive. In particular, our concern is with definitions of things of a kind K which allege that there is a bunch of conditions, each of which is sufficient, but not necessary, for bestowing K-hood. Definitions of this kind, call them “disjunctive,” are often proposed for kinds of things that interest us, but they usually draw fairly muted applause. Many treat them as provisional, to be endured, rather than celebrated. Surely, it is thought, they do not provide all one might want from a definition. Because of water, art and other cases which apparently problematise the boundary between practice-mandated and theoretically-posited kinds, there will doubtless continue to be disagreements about the credentials of disjunctive definitions. Even so, we think we have gone some way towards offering a reasonable justification for the on-going debates and some apparatus for formulating the issues.

text: Definitions: Does disjunction mean dysfunction? Our concern in this paper is with definitions that are not conjunctive. In particular, our concern is with definitions of things of a kind K which allege that there is a bunch of conditions, each of which is sufficient, but not necessary, for bestowing K-hood. Definitions of this kind, call them “disjunctive,” are often proposed for kinds of things that interest us, but they usually draw fairly muted applause. Many treat them as provisional, to be endured, rather than celebrated. Surely, it is thought, they do not provide all one might want from a definition. Because of water, art and other cases which apparently problematise the boundary between practice-mandated and theoretically-posited kinds, there will doubtless continue to be disagreements about the credentials of disjunctive definitions. Even so, we think we have gone some way towards offering a reasonable justification for the on-going debates and some apparatus for formulating the issues.

year: 2009

title: Maturation and biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: Is there a link? A systematic review

authors: Butcher, Anna J.

subjects: ACL

abstract: Objective: To establish the potential link between sex-specific maturation and biomechanical factors associated with ACL injury during dynamic tasks. Design: Systematic review. Literature search: Five databases (CINHAL®, Cochrane Library, PubMed®, Scopus®, and SPORTDiscus) were searched and monitored until 27 May 2024. Study selection criteria: Cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, or interventional studies reporting one or more biomechanical variable linked with ACL injury and which assessed participants across two or more maturation phases were considered eligible. Data synthesis: Studies were assessed for risk of bias using a modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and overall quality of evidence was rated using GRADE. Metrics and effect sizes were presented where available. Results: Eighteen included studies examined 400 males, 1377 females, and 315 participants of undefined sex across various maturation phases. The methodological quality of most studies (n = 16) was considered good, and satisfactory for two. Knee abduction angle, knee abduction moment, knee flexion angle, and ground reaction forces were most commonly reported. Knee abduction angles and moments and knee flexion angles were greater in late and post-pubertal females than males and pre-pubertal females during both landing and cutting tasks. When normalised for body mass, ground reaction forces were generally greater in males compared to females overall and for less mature participants for both sexes. Overall quality of evidence was low or medium across the four biomechanical measures. Conclusion: Sex-specific maturation considerations are important in the targeted development and implementation of ACL injury risk identification and prevention strategies.

text: Maturation and biomechanical risk factors associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: Is there a link? A systematic review Objective: To establish the potential link between sex-specific maturation and biomechanical factors associated with ACL injury during dynamic tasks. Design: Systematic review. Literature search: Five databases (CINHAL®, Cochrane Library, PubMed®, Scopus®, and SPORTDiscus) were searched and monitored until 27 May 2024. Study selection criteria: Cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, or interventional studies reporting one or more biomechanical variable linked with ACL injury and which assessed participants across two or more maturation phases were considered eligible. Data synthesis: Studies were assessed for risk of bias using a modified version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and overall quality of evidence was rated using GRADE. Metrics and effect sizes were presented where available. Results: Eighteen included studies examined 400 males, 1377 females, and 315 participants of undefined sex across various maturation phases. The methodological quality of most studies (n = 16) was considered good, and satisfactory for two. Knee abduction angle, knee abduction moment, knee flexion angle, and ground reaction forces were most commonly reported. Knee abduction angles and moments and knee flexion angles were greater in late and post-pubertal females than males and pre-pubertal females during both landing and cutting tasks. When normalised for body mass, ground reaction forces were generally greater in males compared to females overall and for less mature participants for both sexes. Overall quality of evidence was low or medium across the four biomechanical measures. Conclusion: Sex-specific maturation considerations are important in the targeted development and implementation of ACL injury risk identification and prevention strategies.

year: 2024

title: “Seeing” Kāpō Māori: Making visible the experiences of Kāpō Māori during and after COVID-19

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

abstract: A scoping project focused on the intersection of Māori and the framing of vision impairments (disability) within the context of a pandemic response (in this instance COVID-19). Specifically, we were interested in the experiences of kāpō Māori during and post COVID-19 in order to centre the cultural and health needs of kāpō Māori in a culturally responsive manner. We highlight the aspirations that kāpō Māori have for themselves and their whānau, and to identify the facilitators and barriers that kāpō Māori and their whānau face in achieving these

text: “Seeing” Kāpō Māori: Making visible the experiences of Kāpō Māori during and after COVID-19 A scoping project focused on the intersection of Māori and the framing of vision impairments (disability) within the context of a pandemic response (in this instance COVID-19). Specifically, we were interested in the experiences of kāpō Māori during and post COVID-19 in order to centre the cultural and health needs of kāpō Māori in a culturally responsive manner. We highlight the aspirations that kāpō Māori have for themselves and their whānau, and to identify the facilitators and barriers that kāpō Māori and their whānau face in achieving these

year: 2021