title: Multi-system geochronological and isotopic constraints on age and evolution of the Gaoligongshan metamorphic belt and shear zone system in western Yunnan, China

authors: Eroğlu, Sümeyya

subjects: Gaoligongshan

abstract: The Gaoligongshan metamorphic belt, located east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, is a compelling region in which to determine temporal constrains on crustal dynamic processes related to the Himalayan orogeny. We applied multi-system geo- and thermochronology (900 °C to <50 °C) to orthogneiss and mylonites from a major shear zone in the southern Gaoligongshan in order to elucidate the magmatic, cooling and exhumation history of this belt.
Zircon U/Pb data reveal three magmatic events at ∼486 Ma, ∼136 Ma and ∼76 Ma. Similar ages are found in orthoderivative rocks of the neighboring Tengchong and Baoshan blocks, and the Gangdese batholith, suggesting that the southern Gaoligongshan is composed of an assemblage of Lhasa and Qiangtang terrane derived rocks. Muscovite Rb/Sr ages of 35–21 Ma are coeval with the onset of lateral crustal displacement along major shear zones in Eastern Tibet and Indochina, and with the post-collision volcanic activity in western Yunnan. Biotite Rb/Sr and mica 40Ar/39Ar ages provide evidence that mylonitization along the Gaoligongshan shear zone and crustal rotation of the Tengchong and Baoshan blocks proceeded during the Miocene, between 19 and 12 Ma, when the rocks rapidly cooled through the 350–280 °C temperature range. Almost identical 40Ar/39Ar ages reported for the Karakorum–Jiali–Parlung Fault system in Western Tibet suggest that the Gaoligongshan shear zone is the southeastern continuation of this fault, recording the eastward extrusion of Tibet and crustal movement around the EHS. The final stage of exhumation of the Gaoligongshan occurred between 8 and 5 Ma at an average exhumation rate of ∼3 km/Ma as documented by apatite fission-track and apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He data. This rapid exhumation was triggered by crustal root delamination and opening of the Andaman sea.
Our results clearly show that the complex tectonothermal evolution of the Gaoligongshan was influenced by Tibetan extrusion and escape tectonics associated with lower crustal flow around the EHS and the southeastward movement of Indochina and back-arc extension in response to Andaman seafloor spreading.

text: Multi-system geochronological and isotopic constraints on age and evolution of the Gaoligongshan metamorphic belt and shear zone system in western Yunnan, China The Gaoligongshan metamorphic belt, located east of the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS) in the Yunnan province, southwestern China, is a compelling region in which to determine temporal constrains on crustal dynamic processes related to the Himalayan orogeny. We applied multi-system geo- and thermochronology (900 °C to <50 °C) to orthogneiss and mylonites from a major shear zone in the southern Gaoligongshan in order to elucidate the magmatic, cooling and exhumation history of this belt.
Zircon U/Pb data reveal three magmatic events at ∼486 Ma, ∼136 Ma and ∼76 Ma. Similar ages are found in orthoderivative rocks of the neighboring Tengchong and Baoshan blocks, and the Gangdese batholith, suggesting that the southern Gaoligongshan is composed of an assemblage of Lhasa and Qiangtang terrane derived rocks. Muscovite Rb/Sr ages of 35–21 Ma are coeval with the onset of lateral crustal displacement along major shear zones in Eastern Tibet and Indochina, and with the post-collision volcanic activity in western Yunnan. Biotite Rb/Sr and mica 40Ar/39Ar ages provide evidence that mylonitization along the Gaoligongshan shear zone and crustal rotation of the Tengchong and Baoshan blocks proceeded during the Miocene, between 19 and 12 Ma, when the rocks rapidly cooled through the 350–280 °C temperature range. Almost identical 40Ar/39Ar ages reported for the Karakorum–Jiali–Parlung Fault system in Western Tibet suggest that the Gaoligongshan shear zone is the southeastern continuation of this fault, recording the eastward extrusion of Tibet and crustal movement around the EHS. The final stage of exhumation of the Gaoligongshan occurred between 8 and 5 Ma at an average exhumation rate of ∼3 km/Ma as documented by apatite fission-track and apatite (U–Th–Sm)/He data. This rapid exhumation was triggered by crustal root delamination and opening of the Andaman sea.
Our results clearly show that the complex tectonothermal evolution of the Gaoligongshan was influenced by Tibetan extrusion and escape tectonics associated with lower crustal flow around the EHS and the southeastward movement of Indochina and back-arc extension in response to Andaman seafloor spreading.

year: 2013

title: Tragedy and farce, attending 'violently' to the discipline of the conjuncture

authors: Smith, Thomas

subjects: Conjunctural Analysis

abstract: Beginning with justifying the focus on history as a core part of any analysis of society - this section details how the ‘science’ of social sciences should be viewed/constructed. Further, discussion will shift toward a critique of the Althusserian view of Marx’s method and the notion of an ahistorical and non-ideological ‘true’ Marxist science. The key issue is that Althusser’s ahistorical Marxism fundamentally weakens the Marxist sciences ability to enact social change and develop a historically significant project. This in part is why the left (at least academically) is unable to develop a tangible counter-hegemonic project. Following this I acknowledge the importance of some of the core concepts developed by Althusser (the Problematic, overdetermination, contradiction etc.) Shifting from here into Hall’s analysis of the 1857 introduction to the Grundrisse, a view of Marx’s methodology which I feel is more in line with my intended project will be outlined. This is a historical reading of Marx and cements the importance of history as a tool to understand and analyse the mechanisms of society as it plays out within the long range unfolding of capitalism. Hall’s development from here of a detailed methodology for conjunctural analysis, alongside defining what is meant by conjuncture, introduces a topic important to the following chapters, Thatcherism and the birth of neoliberalism. Following Halls analysis, a reading of Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte is discussed as an exemplar of a historical conjunctural analysis which can still offer key insights into the emerging conjunctural moments of the present, despite the temporal difference from the events of the text. Finally, the lessons of the Eighteenth Brumaire are applied to the present moment of conjunctural crisis in the rise of Trump and his specific brand of Bonapartism. The key comparisons and similarities are discussed with a view to using the example as a springboard for investigating the terrain so as to better understand what is required for a coherent counter-hegemonic movement on the Left.

text: Tragedy and farce, attending 'violently' to the discipline of the conjuncture Beginning with justifying the focus on history as a core part of any analysis of society - this section details how the ‘science’ of social sciences should be viewed/constructed. Further, discussion will shift toward a critique of the Althusserian view of Marx’s method and the notion of an ahistorical and non-ideological ‘true’ Marxist science. The key issue is that Althusser’s ahistorical Marxism fundamentally weakens the Marxist sciences ability to enact social change and develop a historically significant project. This in part is why the left (at least academically) is unable to develop a tangible counter-hegemonic project. Following this I acknowledge the importance of some of the core concepts developed by Althusser (the Problematic, overdetermination, contradiction etc.) Shifting from here into Hall’s analysis of the 1857 introduction to the Grundrisse, a view of Marx’s methodology which I feel is more in line with my intended project will be outlined. This is a historical reading of Marx and cements the importance of history as a tool to understand and analyse the mechanisms of society as it plays out within the long range unfolding of capitalism. Hall’s development from here of a detailed methodology for conjunctural analysis, alongside defining what is meant by conjuncture, introduces a topic important to the following chapters, Thatcherism and the birth of neoliberalism. Following Halls analysis, a reading of Marx’s Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte is discussed as an exemplar of a historical conjunctural analysis which can still offer key insights into the emerging conjunctural moments of the present, despite the temporal difference from the events of the text. Finally, the lessons of the Eighteenth Brumaire are applied to the present moment of conjunctural crisis in the rise of Trump and his specific brand of Bonapartism. The key comparisons and similarities are discussed with a view to using the example as a springboard for investigating the terrain so as to better understand what is required for a coherent counter-hegemonic movement on the Left.

year: 2019

title: Mōteatea: He pātaka whakairinga kōrero nō Ngāti Rangiwewehi

authors: Paterson, Awatea

subjects: Ngāti Rangiwewehi

abstract: Mai rā anō a Ngāi Tāua, te iwi Māori, e tuku iho ai i ngā mātauranga mā te ārero tupuna mai i tētehi whakatupuranga, ki tētehi whakatupuranga. Ko ngā mātauranga ka tukua iho ko ngā pūrākau, ko ngā karakia, ko ngā whakataukī, ā, ko ngā waiata hoki. Ko te pūtake o te rangahau nei he titiro pū ki te āhua o te noho o ngā mōteatea hei pātaka whakairinga kōrero mō Ngāti Rangiwewehi ake, nō reira ka āta tirohia ngā momo puna mōhiohio, ngā momo kura aweko ka whakairia ki te pakitara o te pātaka kōrero o Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Nā ngā mōteatea i tohu te wā, i kōrero mō te wāhi, i whakapūkete ngā mahi a ngā tūpuna o te wā i titoa ai te mōteatea. Nā, ko ngā waiata, ko ngā mōteatea koirā te ara whakapūkete kōrero ka wānangahia e te tuhinga nei. Mā te āta wetewete i tētehi mōteatea pū o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, ka hora i ngā kura āuki, i ngā māpihi pounamu, i ngā puna mātauranga o te iwi kua whakaemi mai ki roto i te mōteatea hei kōrero tuku iho mō te iwi o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, hei whakatauira ake hoki i te āhua o te noho o ngā mōteatea hei ara whakapūkete mātauranga.

text: Mōteatea: He pātaka whakairinga kōrero nō Ngāti Rangiwewehi Mai rā anō a Ngāi Tāua, te iwi Māori, e tuku iho ai i ngā mātauranga mā te ārero tupuna mai i tētehi whakatupuranga, ki tētehi whakatupuranga. Ko ngā mātauranga ka tukua iho ko ngā pūrākau, ko ngā karakia, ko ngā whakataukī, ā, ko ngā waiata hoki. Ko te pūtake o te rangahau nei he titiro pū ki te āhua o te noho o ngā mōteatea hei pātaka whakairinga kōrero mō Ngāti Rangiwewehi ake, nō reira ka āta tirohia ngā momo puna mōhiohio, ngā momo kura aweko ka whakairia ki te pakitara o te pātaka kōrero o Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Nā ngā mōteatea i tohu te wā, i kōrero mō te wāhi, i whakapūkete ngā mahi a ngā tūpuna o te wā i titoa ai te mōteatea. Nā, ko ngā waiata, ko ngā mōteatea koirā te ara whakapūkete kōrero ka wānangahia e te tuhinga nei. Mā te āta wetewete i tētehi mōteatea pū o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, ka hora i ngā kura āuki, i ngā māpihi pounamu, i ngā puna mātauranga o te iwi kua whakaemi mai ki roto i te mōteatea hei kōrero tuku iho mō te iwi o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, hei whakatauira ake hoki i te āhua o te noho o ngā mōteatea hei ara whakapūkete mātauranga.

year: 2013