title: New Zealand’s Regulation of Internet Child Pornography

authors: Ball, Tawhana

abstract: The Internet has revolutionised the exchange of all forms of information, including that of an issue of great concern: child pornography. The consumption of child pornography is not a legislative or punitive problem. It is a law enforcement issue exacerbated by the main medium of supply, the Internet. The problem of the regulation of child pornography on the Internet has no universal answer. The solution to this concern will require a modulated response which will enable law enforcement agencies to adequately counter every aspect of the issue. This thesis examines New Zealand’s classification system and the primary statutory authority which prohibits the proliferation of child pornography, the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. 

Drawing on institutional, private and law enforcement narratives, this thesis investigates New Zealand’s current legal responses to the consumption of child pornography by way of the Internet. The intention of this investigation is to ascertain whether institutional responses could be improved and to make recommendations to assist law enforcement agencies to respond more effectively to this concern. Empirical data has been gathered from law enforcement personnel through qualitative research and has provided a privileged insight into the complexities of child pornography investigations. This qualitative empirical research confirmed that New Zealand’s child pornography legislation must be continually critiqued to ensure that it is keeping pace with technology. New Zealand’s institutional responses also need to be constantly evaluated to guarantee that the capacity of law enforcement agencies to respond to the problem of child pornography keeps pace with the main medium of supply, the Internet. Moreover, this thesis contends that all forms of child pornography should be outlawed because of its potential to cause harm to children and society. Although, the recommendations of this thesis do not constitute the definitive answer to the issue of child pornography on the Internet, each individual aspect of the recommendations constitutes a critical component of an overall response to this concern.

text: New Zealand’s Regulation of Internet Child Pornography The Internet has revolutionised the exchange of all forms of information, including that of an issue of great concern: child pornography. The consumption of child pornography is not a legislative or punitive problem. It is a law enforcement issue exacerbated by the main medium of supply, the Internet. The problem of the regulation of child pornography on the Internet has no universal answer. The solution to this concern will require a modulated response which will enable law enforcement agencies to adequately counter every aspect of the issue. This thesis examines New Zealand’s classification system and the primary statutory authority which prohibits the proliferation of child pornography, the Films, Videos, and Publications Classification Act 1993. 

Drawing on institutional, private and law enforcement narratives, this thesis investigates New Zealand’s current legal responses to the consumption of child pornography by way of the Internet. The intention of this investigation is to ascertain whether institutional responses could be improved and to make recommendations to assist law enforcement agencies to respond more effectively to this concern. Empirical data has been gathered from law enforcement personnel through qualitative research and has provided a privileged insight into the complexities of child pornography investigations. This qualitative empirical research confirmed that New Zealand’s child pornography legislation must be continually critiqued to ensure that it is keeping pace with technology. New Zealand’s institutional responses also need to be constantly evaluated to guarantee that the capacity of law enforcement agencies to respond to the problem of child pornography keeps pace with the main medium of supply, the Internet. Moreover, this thesis contends that all forms of child pornography should be outlawed because of its potential to cause harm to children and society. Although, the recommendations of this thesis do not constitute the definitive answer to the issue of child pornography on the Internet, each individual aspect of the recommendations constitutes a critical component of an overall response to this concern.

year: 2017

title: Investigating subantarctic ¹⁴C ages of different peat components: site and sample selection for developing robust age models in dynamic landscapes

authors: Thomas, Zoë

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Precise radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating of sedimentary sequences is important for developing robust chronologies of environmental change, but sampling of suitable components can be challenging in highly dynamic landscapes. Here we investigate radiocarbon determinations of different peat size fractions from six peat sites, representing a range of geomorphological contexts on the South Atlantic subantarctic islands of the Falklands and South Georgia. To investigate the most suitable fraction for dating, 112 measurements were obtained from three components within selected horizons: a fine fraction <0.2 mm, a coarse fraction >0.2 mm, and bulk material. We find site selection is critical, with locations surrounded by high-ground and/or relatively slowly accumulating sites more susceptible to the translocation of older carbon. Importantly, in locations with reduced potential for redeposition of material, our results show that there is no significant or systematic difference between ages derived from bulk material, fine or coarse (plant macrofossil) material, providing confidence in the resulting age model. Crucially, in areas comprising complex terrain with extreme relief, we recommend dating macrofossils or bulk carbon rather than a fine fraction, or employing comprehensive dating of multiple sedimentary fractions to determine the most reliable fraction(s) for developing a robust chronological framework.

text: Investigating subantarctic ¹⁴C ages of different peat components: site and sample selection for developing robust age models in dynamic landscapes Precise radiocarbon (¹⁴C) dating of sedimentary sequences is important for developing robust chronologies of environmental change, but sampling of suitable components can be challenging in highly dynamic landscapes. Here we investigate radiocarbon determinations of different peat size fractions from six peat sites, representing a range of geomorphological contexts on the South Atlantic subantarctic islands of the Falklands and South Georgia. To investigate the most suitable fraction for dating, 112 measurements were obtained from three components within selected horizons: a fine fraction <0.2 mm, a coarse fraction >0.2 mm, and bulk material. We find site selection is critical, with locations surrounded by high-ground and/or relatively slowly accumulating sites more susceptible to the translocation of older carbon. Importantly, in locations with reduced potential for redeposition of material, our results show that there is no significant or systematic difference between ages derived from bulk material, fine or coarse (plant macrofossil) material, providing confidence in the resulting age model. Crucially, in areas comprising complex terrain with extreme relief, we recommend dating macrofossils or bulk carbon rather than a fine fraction, or employing comprehensive dating of multiple sedimentary fractions to determine the most reliable fraction(s) for developing a robust chronological framework.

year: 2019

title: Looking at relationships between propositions in Maori language

authors: Houia, Waldo

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: This paper reports on an investigation into the various ways in which relationships of meaning, such as reason-result and temporal overlap, are encoded as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences in Māori. It also provides an indication of the relevance of this type of research to teachers and learners of Māori.

text: Looking at relationships between propositions in Maori language This paper reports on an investigation into the various ways in which relationships of meaning, such as reason-result and temporal overlap, are encoded as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences in Māori. It also provides an indication of the relevance of this type of research to teachers and learners of Māori.

year: 2001