title: Detecting relay attacks against Bluetooth communications on Android

authors: Symon, Jeremy

abstract: The widespread usage of mobile devices has lead to mobile devices being used to replace existing solutions, including smart cards for authentication in access control systems. While this can be convenient, there are security concerns which must be addressed. One such concern for access control authentication is relay attacks, which are more difficult to prevent when using Bluetooth on a mobile device rather than smart cards. This thesis investigates an alternative method of detecting relay attacks, using sensors present on typical mobile devices to fingerprint a location. As opposed to other research, this approach uses only the sensors available on a single mobile device, in order to be compatible with existing access control systems that do not have specialised sensors. The proof of concept shows several sensor types are strong indicators of location, particularly observable WiFi signals.

text: Detecting relay attacks against Bluetooth communications on Android The widespread usage of mobile devices has lead to mobile devices being used to replace existing solutions, including smart cards for authentication in access control systems. While this can be convenient, there are security concerns which must be addressed. One such concern for access control authentication is relay attacks, which are more difficult to prevent when using Bluetooth on a mobile device rather than smart cards. This thesis investigates an alternative method of detecting relay attacks, using sensors present on typical mobile devices to fingerprint a location. As opposed to other research, this approach uses only the sensors available on a single mobile device, in order to be compatible with existing access control systems that do not have specialised sensors. The proof of concept shows several sensor types are strong indicators of location, particularly observable WiFi signals.

year: 2018

title: Automatic end-to-end De-identification: Is high accuracy the only metric?

authors: Yogarajan, Vithya

subjects: automatic de-identification

abstract: De-identification of electronic health records (EHR) is a vital step towards advancing health informatics research and maximising the use of available data. It is a two-step process where step one is the identification of protected health information (PHI), and step two is replacing such PHI with surrogates. Despite the recent advances in automatic de-identification of EHR, significant obstacles remain if the abundant health data available are to be used to the full potential. Accuracy in de-identification could be considered a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the use of EHR without individual patient consent. We present here a comprehensive review of the progress to date, both the impressive successes in achieving high accuracy and the significant risks and challenges that remain. To best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to present a complete picture of end-to-end automatic de-identification. We review 18 recently published automatic de-identification systems -designed to de-identify EHR in the form of free text- to show the advancements made in improving the overall accuracy of the system, and in identifying individual PHI. We argue that despite the improvements in accuracy there remain challenges in surrogate generation and replacements of identified PHIs, and the risks posed to patient protection and privacy.

text: Automatic end-to-end De-identification: Is high accuracy the only metric? De-identification of electronic health records (EHR) is a vital step towards advancing health informatics research and maximising the use of available data. It is a two-step process where step one is the identification of protected health information (PHI), and step two is replacing such PHI with surrogates. Despite the recent advances in automatic de-identification of EHR, significant obstacles remain if the abundant health data available are to be used to the full potential. Accuracy in de-identification could be considered a necessary, but not sufficient condition for the use of EHR without individual patient consent. We present here a comprehensive review of the progress to date, both the impressive successes in achieving high accuracy and the significant risks and challenges that remain. To best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to present a complete picture of end-to-end automatic de-identification. We review 18 recently published automatic de-identification systems -designed to de-identify EHR in the form of free text- to show the advancements made in improving the overall accuracy of the system, and in identifying individual PHI. We argue that despite the improvements in accuracy there remain challenges in surrogate generation and replacements of identified PHIs, and the risks posed to patient protection and privacy.

year: 2019

title: Beyond structuralism: Exploring a semantic based approach for describing the Māori language in grammar books and textbooks for pedagogical purposes

authors: Taiapa, Michael William

subjects: Māori

abstract: Since the 1950s, the advancements and developments in English language studies has had a profound impact on its description that has made it less syntactically driven and more communicatively oriented. This has the potential to influence language description moving it from a purely structurally focused orientation to a more semantically focused one that could influence pedagogic outcomes in more meaningful and useful ways. Nevertheless, in the case of the Māori language, its description has largely focused on structure linguistics that was prevalent in the 19th and early 20th centuries. There has been very little focus on a semantic description and this, in turn, is reflected in grammar books and textbooks on te reo. This thesis set out to explore a semantic approach to describe te reo and to rethink how this type of description may be realized and included in the design of grammar books and textbooks for the teaching and learning of te reo in the broader field of second language pedagogy and acquisition. The thesis also includes a practical component in which a small sample of Māori language teachers were interviewed to determine how linguistic and/ or semantic approaches to describe te reo may have or have impacted on their own beliefs, attitudes, and teaching practices (See, Chapter 7). Thus, it is argued here that research-based studies, advancements, and developments in language descriptions over the past five decades (See, for example, Council of Europe, 1949; Fillmore, 1967; Longacre, 1968; & Crombie, 1985b) should play central roles in the design of a semantic based description of the Māori language from which a linguistic based description can significantly benefit.

text: Beyond structuralism: Exploring a semantic based approach for describing the Māori language in grammar books and textbooks for pedagogical purposes Since the 1950s, the advancements and developments in English language studies has had a profound impact on its description that has made it less syntactically driven and more communicatively oriented. This has the potential to influence language description moving it from a purely structurally focused orientation to a more semantically focused one that could influence pedagogic outcomes in more meaningful and useful ways. Nevertheless, in the case of the Māori language, its description has largely focused on structure linguistics that was prevalent in the 19th and early 20th centuries. There has been very little focus on a semantic description and this, in turn, is reflected in grammar books and textbooks on te reo. This thesis set out to explore a semantic approach to describe te reo and to rethink how this type of description may be realized and included in the design of grammar books and textbooks for the teaching and learning of te reo in the broader field of second language pedagogy and acquisition. The thesis also includes a practical component in which a small sample of Māori language teachers were interviewed to determine how linguistic and/ or semantic approaches to describe te reo may have or have impacted on their own beliefs, attitudes, and teaching practices (See, Chapter 7). Thus, it is argued here that research-based studies, advancements, and developments in language descriptions over the past five decades (See, for example, Council of Europe, 1949; Fillmore, 1967; Longacre, 1968; & Crombie, 1985b) should play central roles in the design of a semantic based description of the Māori language from which a linguistic based description can significantly benefit.

year: 2023