title: New Zealand regions, 1986-2001: Population structures

authors: Pool, Ian

subjects: age structure

abstract: The age structure of a region’s population affects many areas of social and economic development across all sectors, including employment, housing, welfare, health and education. This is mainly because different age groups tend to have different needs both at a family level and a social policy level. Also related to this are the differing ethnic structures between the regions, which can explain some regional differences in social and economic factors. Birthplaces are also related to ethnicity. This paper investigates age, birthplace and ethnicity for the period 1986 to 2001 by the regional council areas of New Zealand. It also looks at the projected age structures into the future between 2001 and 2021 and the wave effects these may generate.

text: New Zealand regions, 1986-2001: Population structures The age structure of a region’s population affects many areas of social and economic development across all sectors, including employment, housing, welfare, health and education. This is mainly because different age groups tend to have different needs both at a family level and a social policy level. Also related to this are the differing ethnic structures between the regions, which can explain some regional differences in social and economic factors. Birthplaces are also related to ethnicity. This paper investigates age, birthplace and ethnicity for the period 1986 to 2001 by the regional council areas of New Zealand. It also looks at the projected age structures into the future between 2001 and 2021 and the wave effects these may generate.

year: 2005-10

title: How much would US union membership increase under a policy of non-exclusive representation?

authors: Harcourt, Mark

subjects: industrial relations

abstract: Purpose – In light of the low-union density and a huge representation gap in the US representation system. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the system under majority rule and to provide some empirical evidence on how much union membership would increase in the USA if a policy of non-exclusive representation, as adopted in New Zealand, are to be implemented. 

Design/methodology/approach – The sample for the study consists of 227 New Zealand organizations, employing over 180,000 workers. Logistic regression is used for the analysis with the dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether there is majority union support. 

Findings – If the USA allowed and supported minority unionism, union membership could increase by 30 percent or more. Workers in smaller, private-sector organizations outside healthcare, education, and manufacturing are most disadvantaged by the majority-rule system. 

Practical implications – Given that many workers' needs for representation have not been addressed by the current US majority rule system, consideration of minority representation to enhance representation effectiveness and understanding its implications are of critical importance, especially for a democratic society. 

Originality/value – The paper offers empirical data on the implications of a change of the US representation system and proposes three options for incorporating minority representation.

text: How much would US union membership increase under a policy of non-exclusive representation? Purpose – In light of the low-union density and a huge representation gap in the US representation system. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the system under majority rule and to provide some empirical evidence on how much union membership would increase in the USA if a policy of non-exclusive representation, as adopted in New Zealand, are to be implemented. 

Design/methodology/approach – The sample for the study consists of 227 New Zealand organizations, employing over 180,000 workers. Logistic regression is used for the analysis with the dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether there is majority union support. 

Findings – If the USA allowed and supported minority unionism, union membership could increase by 30 percent or more. Workers in smaller, private-sector organizations outside healthcare, education, and manufacturing are most disadvantaged by the majority-rule system. 

Practical implications – Given that many workers' needs for representation have not been addressed by the current US majority rule system, consideration of minority representation to enhance representation effectiveness and understanding its implications are of critical importance, especially for a democratic society. 

Originality/value – The paper offers empirical data on the implications of a change of the US representation system and proposes three options for incorporating minority representation.

year: 2010

title: Rumours of gold at Te Aroha

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: From the time of the opening of the Thames goldfield, miners were tormented by the belief that the best gold would be found in Te Aroha mountain, on their southern horizon - so near and yet so far because of Maori resistance to prospecting that district. Some Maori claimed to have found gold there, and visiting Pakeha from at least the 1850s onwards detected gold in the vicinity. The first time gold in the Waiorongomai valley was noted was in 1868. Several prospectors claimed to have explored the district, illegally and, potentially, dangerously, especially after Ohinemuri was opened to mining in 1875. But not until Hone Werahiko found gold in 1880 and the field was officially opened on 25 November would it be possible to prove whether a payable goldfield existed.

text: Rumours of gold at Te Aroha From the time of the opening of the Thames goldfield, miners were tormented by the belief that the best gold would be found in Te Aroha mountain, on their southern horizon - so near and yet so far because of Maori resistance to prospecting that district. Some Maori claimed to have found gold there, and visiting Pakeha from at least the 1850s onwards detected gold in the vicinity. The first time gold in the Waiorongomai valley was noted was in 1868. Several prospectors claimed to have explored the district, illegally and, potentially, dangerously, especially after Ohinemuri was opened to mining in 1875. But not until Hone Werahiko found gold in 1880 and the field was officially opened on 25 November would it be possible to prove whether a payable goldfield existed.

year: 2016