title: Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study

authors: Wang, Alice

subjects: prostate cancer

abstract: Introduction: Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in BMD and associated bone markers in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) managed with and without ADT. 
Methods: Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal forearm, and one-third distal radius was measured in 88 patients with PCa without bone metastases at baseline and at 6 months. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: (1) acute ADT (≤6 months), (2) chronic ADT ( > 6 months), (3) former ADT, and (4) no ADT (controls). Serum levels of bone metabolism markers, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), were also measured. 
Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, men receiving chronic ADT had significantly lower total body BMD as compared with former ADT users and men with no ADT. In longitudinal analysis, a significant reduction in ultradistal forearm BMD was observed in both acute and chronic ADT users after 6 months (4.08% and 2.7%, P =.012 and.026, respectively). A significant reduction in total body BMD was observed in acute ADT users (2.99%, P =.032). Former ADT users had a significant increase in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (2.84% and 1.59%, P =.008 and.002, respectively). The changes in BMD were not significantly different between acute and chronic ADT users. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of PINP and CTX were observed in acute and chronic ADT users than former ADT users or PCa controls. In longitudinal analysis, the level of serum PINP and CTX did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months in acute, chronic, and former ADT users, or PCa controls, and the percentage change did not differ among the 4 groups. 
Conclusions: Men on acute ADT had a similar rate of bone loss to men on chronic ADT. Reversibility in ADT-induced bone loss was observed in those who discontinued ADT. Serum levels of PINP and CTX were higher in acute and chronic ADT users and levels returned to the range of PCa controls when treatment was withdrawn.

text: Effect of Androgen Deprivation Therapy on Bone Mineral Density in a Prostate Cancer Cohort in New Zealand: A Pilot Study Introduction: Reduction in bone mineral density (BMD) is a common side effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal variation in BMD and associated bone markers in patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer (PCa) managed with and without ADT. 
Methods: Bone mineral density of the total body, lumbar spine, femoral neck, ultradistal forearm, and one-third distal radius was measured in 88 patients with PCa without bone metastases at baseline and at 6 months. Patients were categorized into 4 groups: (1) acute ADT (≤6 months), (2) chronic ADT ( > 6 months), (3) former ADT, and (4) no ADT (controls). Serum levels of bone metabolism markers, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), were also measured. 
Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, men receiving chronic ADT had significantly lower total body BMD as compared with former ADT users and men with no ADT. In longitudinal analysis, a significant reduction in ultradistal forearm BMD was observed in both acute and chronic ADT users after 6 months (4.08% and 2.7%, P =.012 and.026, respectively). A significant reduction in total body BMD was observed in acute ADT users (2.99%, P =.032). Former ADT users had a significant increase in both lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD (2.84% and 1.59%, P =.008 and.002, respectively). The changes in BMD were not significantly different between acute and chronic ADT users. In the cross-sectional analysis, higher levels of PINP and CTX were observed in acute and chronic ADT users than former ADT users or PCa controls. In longitudinal analysis, the level of serum PINP and CTX did not change significantly from baseline to 6 months in acute, chronic, and former ADT users, or PCa controls, and the percentage change did not differ among the 4 groups. 
Conclusions: Men on acute ADT had a similar rate of bone loss to men on chronic ADT. Reversibility in ADT-induced bone loss was observed in those who discontinued ADT. Serum levels of PINP and CTX were higher in acute and chronic ADT users and levels returned to the range of PCa controls when treatment was withdrawn.

year: 2017

title: Mindfulness-based stress reduction in a correctional facility: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the impact of violent behaviour

authors: Edward, Mtakwa

subjects: MBSR

abstract: Criminal behaviours can often lead to a prison sentence, and a prison sentence suggests that justice has been served. It appears that correctional facilities worldwide have been inundated with prisoners serving time for a variety of reasons.  Though a prison sentence serves as punishment for perpetrators, it can often cause psychological harm for both prisoners and their families. As a result of more relevant research being conducted, several intensive rehabilitative programmes are being run in correctional facilities worldwide to address criminal behaviours such as violence. These intensive programmes aim to teach prisoners to understand the relationships between intrusive thought patterns that may or may not be associated with past traumatic events, emotional dysregulation, and poor behaviour leading to violent offending.  The present study examined the impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on prisoners' psychological wellbeing in correctional facilities worldwide. It was completed by running a meta-analysis on four studies based in the United States of America (USA), China, and the Netherlands and across various ethnic and cultural groups, which analysed this relationship. The results indicated that MBSR could be an effective treatment modality to run alongside intensive therapies.
Furthermore, the overall effect size suggested a positive but not significant relationship between MBSR and improved psychological wellbeing. It is suggested that further research using experimental designs be explored in this field to allow for further analysis to be examined. The main objective of this review was to answer two questions: 'Is the use of MBSR in correctional facilities effective in helping reduce recidivism rates?' and 'Will the use of MBSR be effective with different cultural and ethnical populations in correctional facilities?' The conclusion of the meta-analysis in the current study suggests that yes, it is possible to reduce recidivism rates through using MBSR as an effective treatment in correctional facilities. Furthermore, it can be successfully implemented across people of different cultures and ethnicities.

text: Mindfulness-based stress reduction in a correctional facility: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis on the impact of violent behaviour Criminal behaviours can often lead to a prison sentence, and a prison sentence suggests that justice has been served. It appears that correctional facilities worldwide have been inundated with prisoners serving time for a variety of reasons.  Though a prison sentence serves as punishment for perpetrators, it can often cause psychological harm for both prisoners and their families. As a result of more relevant research being conducted, several intensive rehabilitative programmes are being run in correctional facilities worldwide to address criminal behaviours such as violence. These intensive programmes aim to teach prisoners to understand the relationships between intrusive thought patterns that may or may not be associated with past traumatic events, emotional dysregulation, and poor behaviour leading to violent offending.  The present study examined the impact of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on prisoners' psychological wellbeing in correctional facilities worldwide. It was completed by running a meta-analysis on four studies based in the United States of America (USA), China, and the Netherlands and across various ethnic and cultural groups, which analysed this relationship. The results indicated that MBSR could be an effective treatment modality to run alongside intensive therapies.
Furthermore, the overall effect size suggested a positive but not significant relationship between MBSR and improved psychological wellbeing. It is suggested that further research using experimental designs be explored in this field to allow for further analysis to be examined. The main objective of this review was to answer two questions: 'Is the use of MBSR in correctional facilities effective in helping reduce recidivism rates?' and 'Will the use of MBSR be effective with different cultural and ethnical populations in correctional facilities?' The conclusion of the meta-analysis in the current study suggests that yes, it is possible to reduce recidivism rates through using MBSR as an effective treatment in correctional facilities. Furthermore, it can be successfully implemented across people of different cultures and ethnicities.

year: 2021

title: Iarararararī

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Poi. Lyrics composed by Raniera Poihipi rāua ko Te Kahautu Maxwell. Musical score composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell, Pixie Rogers, Tama Hata, Raharuha Mitai, Renee Mitai, Maisey Rika, Ramari Sherman, Te Rina Ransfield. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group) (4mins)

Waiata Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Haere mai rā
Mōteatea: Te Pātere a Te Turuki
Poi: Iarararararī
Waiata ā ringa: Taku Mana Māori Motuhake
Haka: Waiwharangi
Whakawātea: Āio

text: Iarararararī Poi. Lyrics composed by Raniera Poihipi rāua ko Te Kahautu Maxwell. Musical score composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell, Pixie Rogers, Tama Hata, Raharuha Mitai, Renee Mitai, Maisey Rika, Ramari Sherman, Te Rina Ransfield. Performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group) (4mins)

Waiata Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Haere mai rā
Mōteatea: Te Pātere a Te Turuki
Poi: Iarararararī
Waiata ā ringa: Taku Mana Māori Motuhake
Haka: Waiwharangi
Whakawātea: Āio

year: 2020-02-06