title: Responses of salmonids to habitat changes

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: biology

abstract: Streams in western North America provide spawning and rearing habitats for several species of salmon and trout that are of substantial economic importance in the region. Timber that grows on lands through which these streams flow is also economically important, and its harvest can substantially change habitat conditions and aquatic production in salmonid streams. Undisturbed forests, the streams that flow through them, and the salmonid communities in these streams have intrinsic scientific, genetic, and cultural values in addition to their economic importance. The complex relations between salmonids and their physical environment, and the changes in these relations brought about by timber harvest, have been investigated extensively (see the bibliography by Macdonald et al. 1988). However, in spite of considerable evidence of profound changes in channel morphology and in light, temperature, and flow regimes associated with timber harvests, much uncertainty exists about the responses of salmonids to these changes.

text: Responses of salmonids to habitat changes Streams in western North America provide spawning and rearing habitats for several species of salmon and trout that are of substantial economic importance in the region. Timber that grows on lands through which these streams flow is also economically important, and its harvest can substantially change habitat conditions and aquatic production in salmonid streams. Undisturbed forests, the streams that flow through them, and the salmonid communities in these streams have intrinsic scientific, genetic, and cultural values in addition to their economic importance. The complex relations between salmonids and their physical environment, and the changes in these relations brought about by timber harvest, have been investigated extensively (see the bibliography by Macdonald et al. 1988). However, in spite of considerable evidence of profound changes in channel morphology and in light, temperature, and flow regimes associated with timber harvests, much uncertainty exists about the responses of salmonids to these changes.

year: 1991

title: Introducing contrast and luminance normalisation to improve the quality of subtractive resolution merge technique

authors: Ashraf, Muhammad Salman

subjects: image fusion

abstract: Subtractive resolution merge (SRM) is a contemporary image fusion method that produces highly preserved spatial and spectral resolution. This method is limited to dual sensor platforms with specific band ratios between the high-resolution panchromatic image (HRPI) and the low-resolution multispectral image (LRMI). An additional problem with SRM is that some bands are over- or under-represented due to the normalisation function applied. This article provides two modifications that resolve these limitations. SRM builds a synthetic low-resolution panchromatic image (LRPISYN) from the weighted sum of the LRMI bands. This image is modified by using a spatially resampled HRPI instead. The second modification is the use of a contrast and luminance index for the normalising function. These two modifications are tested on QuickBird images (multispectral and panchromatic), as well as fusing SPOT-5 (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) multispectral image and an aerial photograph. The results show improved quantitative metrics and unsupervised classification compared with the standard SRM technique and other contemporary image fusion methods. Both of these modifications are grouped into a patent pending technique that is called contrast and luminance normalised fusion.

text: Introducing contrast and luminance normalisation to improve the quality of subtractive resolution merge technique Subtractive resolution merge (SRM) is a contemporary image fusion method that produces highly preserved spatial and spectral resolution. This method is limited to dual sensor platforms with specific band ratios between the high-resolution panchromatic image (HRPI) and the low-resolution multispectral image (LRMI). An additional problem with SRM is that some bands are over- or under-represented due to the normalisation function applied. This article provides two modifications that resolve these limitations. SRM builds a synthetic low-resolution panchromatic image (LRPISYN) from the weighted sum of the LRMI bands. This image is modified by using a spatially resampled HRPI instead. The second modification is the use of a contrast and luminance index for the normalising function. These two modifications are tested on QuickBird images (multispectral and panchromatic), as well as fusing SPOT-5 (Satellite Pour l'Observation de la Terre) multispectral image and an aerial photograph. The results show improved quantitative metrics and unsupervised classification compared with the standard SRM technique and other contemporary image fusion methods. Both of these modifications are grouped into a patent pending technique that is called contrast and luminance normalised fusion.

year: 2013

title: Māori data governance model

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: This report describes the Māori Data Governance Model that has been designed by Māori data experts for use across the Aotearoa New Zealand public service. Māori data is a taonga that requires culturally grounded models of protection and care. The Model provides guidance for the system-wide governance of Māori data, consistent with the Government’s responsibilities under te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Model is intended to assist all agencies to undertake Māori data governance in a way that is values-led, centred on Māori needs and priorities, and informed by research. This is important because existing government data processes and practices are failing to meet Māori informational needs.

The Vision, Tuia te korowai o Hine-Raraunga – Data for self-determination, enables iwi, hapū and Māori organisations, businesses and communities to pursue their own goals for cultural, social, economic and environmental wellbeing. Eight Data Pou or pillars define critical areas of data governance and specify the actions that should be undertaken to realise six desired outcomes. The Model does not cover every element of data governance; instead, it focuses on key priorities and actions, against which agencies can assess their level of data maturity. The Model explicitly recognises the need for changes to system leadership, policies and legal settings so that Māori can exercise authority over Māori data to reduce unethical data use and strengthen outcomes for individuals, whānau and communities. The report also identifies the need for strategic investment in a Mana Motuhake data system that sits outside of the public sector to ensure iwi and hapū sovereignty over iwi and hapū data.

text: Māori data governance model This report describes the Māori Data Governance Model that has been designed by Māori data experts for use across the Aotearoa New Zealand public service. Māori data is a taonga that requires culturally grounded models of protection and care. The Model provides guidance for the system-wide governance of Māori data, consistent with the Government’s responsibilities under te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Model is intended to assist all agencies to undertake Māori data governance in a way that is values-led, centred on Māori needs and priorities, and informed by research. This is important because existing government data processes and practices are failing to meet Māori informational needs.

The Vision, Tuia te korowai o Hine-Raraunga – Data for self-determination, enables iwi, hapū and Māori organisations, businesses and communities to pursue their own goals for cultural, social, economic and environmental wellbeing. Eight Data Pou or pillars define critical areas of data governance and specify the actions that should be undertaken to realise six desired outcomes. The Model does not cover every element of data governance; instead, it focuses on key priorities and actions, against which agencies can assess their level of data maturity. The Model explicitly recognises the need for changes to system leadership, policies and legal settings so that Māori can exercise authority over Māori data to reduce unethical data use and strengthen outcomes for individuals, whānau and communities. The report also identifies the need for strategic investment in a Mana Motuhake data system that sits outside of the public sector to ensure iwi and hapū sovereignty over iwi and hapū data.

year: 2023