title: Insider threat modeling: An adversarial risk analysis approach

authors: Joshi, Chaitanya

abstract: Insider threats entail major security issues in geopolitics, cyber security and business organizations. Most earlier work in the field has focused on standard game theoretic approaches. We provide here two alternative, more realistic models based on adversarial risk analysis (ARA). ARA does not assume common knowledge and solves the problem from the point of view of just one of the players, the defender (typically), taking into account their knowledge and uncertainties regarding the choices available to them, to their adversaries, the possible outcomes, their payoffs/utilities and their opponents payoffs/utilities. The first model depicts the problem as a standard Defend-AttackDefend model. The second model segments the set of involved agents in three classes of users and considers both sequential as well as simultaneous actions. A data security example illustrates the discussion.

text: Insider threat modeling: An adversarial risk analysis approach Insider threats entail major security issues in geopolitics, cyber security and business organizations. Most earlier work in the field has focused on standard game theoretic approaches. We provide here two alternative, more realistic models based on adversarial risk analysis (ARA). ARA does not assume common knowledge and solves the problem from the point of view of just one of the players, the defender (typically), taking into account their knowledge and uncertainties regarding the choices available to them, to their adversaries, the possible outcomes, their payoffs/utilities and their opponents payoffs/utilities. The first model depicts the problem as a standard Defend-AttackDefend model. The second model segments the set of involved agents in three classes of users and considers both sequential as well as simultaneous actions. A data security example illustrates the discussion.

year: 2019

title: Towards a Theory of 'Appropriate Fandom'

authors: Stewart, Mark

subjects: fan policing

abstract: As fandom and fan practices become more broadly recognized within popular culture, tensions and conflicts arise between different understandings of the 'appropriate' way to perform fandom. Different groups have different unspoken understandings of what constitutes the 'right' and the 'wrong' way to be a fan, to behave as a fan. These understandings may differ within a fandom, between different fandoms, between fans and the media industries, and between fans and the broader public.

This article sketches a framework for how we might understand differing conceptions of 'appropriate' and 'inappropriate' fandom, explores the drivers behind these understandings, and highlights how different participants and stakeholders work to bring fans within their own conceptions of 'appropriate' fandom. The article outlines four modes or directions of 'appropriate' fandom and provides a detailed analysis of how top-down 'appropriate' fandom is evidenced within the television industry, using a case study of the US competition reality television series Survivor.

text: Towards a Theory of 'Appropriate Fandom' As fandom and fan practices become more broadly recognized within popular culture, tensions and conflicts arise between different understandings of the 'appropriate' way to perform fandom. Different groups have different unspoken understandings of what constitutes the 'right' and the 'wrong' way to be a fan, to behave as a fan. These understandings may differ within a fandom, between different fandoms, between fans and the media industries, and between fans and the broader public.

This article sketches a framework for how we might understand differing conceptions of 'appropriate' and 'inappropriate' fandom, explores the drivers behind these understandings, and highlights how different participants and stakeholders work to bring fans within their own conceptions of 'appropriate' fandom. The article outlines four modes or directions of 'appropriate' fandom and provides a detailed analysis of how top-down 'appropriate' fandom is evidenced within the television industry, using a case study of the US competition reality television series Survivor.

year: 2023-03

title: The intergenerational perpetuation of achievement messages in whānau

authors: Southey, Kim Marie

subjects: Maori

abstract: The current research is an open exploration of achievement messages that are carried from generation to generation in whānau, in relation to the mainstream education system of Aotearoa. Participant groups comprised of two to three generations within each whānau. A maximum of eight whānau will be asked to participate. A series of continuous conversations will be held with each member of the whānau, reminiscent of the narrative approach, but most recently described as a methodology that allows for ensuring that data is collected in its fullest form.
Differing views about achievement and how it is negotiated within whānau will be explored; along with issues on what, and who, within whānau are the most predominant indicators of achievement views. Detracting from an ethnocentric view of scholastic ability (a common marker for achievement) is done through abandoning mainstream ideals. This research favours an open exploration approach allowing for differing values about what constitutes achievement, and what context achievement is based in. Outcomes of the research are intended to show patterns within whānau and among Māori on the mainstream school system, and how this system has contributed to achievement messages. The positive or negative nature of the contribution from mainstream education is highly important and relevant to further research goals, including the ability to use outcomes to suggest social change in education provision for Māori.

text: The intergenerational perpetuation of achievement messages in whānau The current research is an open exploration of achievement messages that are carried from generation to generation in whānau, in relation to the mainstream education system of Aotearoa. Participant groups comprised of two to three generations within each whānau. A maximum of eight whānau will be asked to participate. A series of continuous conversations will be held with each member of the whānau, reminiscent of the narrative approach, but most recently described as a methodology that allows for ensuring that data is collected in its fullest form.
Differing views about achievement and how it is negotiated within whānau will be explored; along with issues on what, and who, within whānau are the most predominant indicators of achievement views. Detracting from an ethnocentric view of scholastic ability (a common marker for achievement) is done through abandoning mainstream ideals. This research favours an open exploration approach allowing for differing values about what constitutes achievement, and what context achievement is based in. Outcomes of the research are intended to show patterns within whānau and among Māori on the mainstream school system, and how this system has contributed to achievement messages. The positive or negative nature of the contribution from mainstream education is highly important and relevant to further research goals, including the ability to use outcomes to suggest social change in education provision for Māori.

year: 2003