title: Utilizing supply-demand bundles in Nature-based Recreation offers insights into specific strategies for sustainable tourism management

authors: Ghasemi, Mitra

subjects: ecosystem services

abstract: Balancing supply and demand in Nature-based Recreation (NbR) has the potential to yield co-benefits across multiple Ecosystem Services (ES), helping to make tourism activities more sustainable. However, a comprehensive understanding of supply-demand mismatches in NbR is challenging due to the complex interaction among various social, economic and ecological factors. This paper investigates mismatches in NbR supply and demand to provide insights for informing spatial and regional planning to achieve sustainable tourism. To this end, the paper uses a wide range of indicators such as biophysical attributes, accessibility and social indicators to map and assess NbR supply and demand, followed by the application of spatial statistics to analyse supply-demand mismatches. Cluster analysis was performed based on the supply-demand relationship to identify a typology of NbR ES across the study area in the north of Iran. The paper proposes an innovative application of recreation ES bundles with potential implications for sustainable tourism in a region marked as a hot spot for tourism. The analysis generated a typology of five bundles of NbR ES with differing recreational opportunities. Bundles 1 and 2, characterized by a supply surplus and substantial ecological value, are suitable for NbR activities such as camping, hiking, climbing, and birdwatching. In contrast, bundle 4 and 5 associated with urban centres, experience a supply deficit, making them less suitable for NbR. Bundle 3, characterized by a mixture of natural and productive lands, plays an important role in maintaining a balanced supply-demand state. This region holds potential for diverse forms of tourism, including rural and agricultural recreation such as farm tours and farm life experiences. Based on findings, the paper provides valuable insights for spatial and regional planning by proposing targeted strategies to sustainably manage tourism activities.

text: Utilizing supply-demand bundles in Nature-based Recreation offers insights into specific strategies for sustainable tourism management Balancing supply and demand in Nature-based Recreation (NbR) has the potential to yield co-benefits across multiple Ecosystem Services (ES), helping to make tourism activities more sustainable. However, a comprehensive understanding of supply-demand mismatches in NbR is challenging due to the complex interaction among various social, economic and ecological factors. This paper investigates mismatches in NbR supply and demand to provide insights for informing spatial and regional planning to achieve sustainable tourism. To this end, the paper uses a wide range of indicators such as biophysical attributes, accessibility and social indicators to map and assess NbR supply and demand, followed by the application of spatial statistics to analyse supply-demand mismatches. Cluster analysis was performed based on the supply-demand relationship to identify a typology of NbR ES across the study area in the north of Iran. The paper proposes an innovative application of recreation ES bundles with potential implications for sustainable tourism in a region marked as a hot spot for tourism. The analysis generated a typology of five bundles of NbR ES with differing recreational opportunities. Bundles 1 and 2, characterized by a supply surplus and substantial ecological value, are suitable for NbR activities such as camping, hiking, climbing, and birdwatching. In contrast, bundle 4 and 5 associated with urban centres, experience a supply deficit, making them less suitable for NbR. Bundle 3, characterized by a mixture of natural and productive lands, plays an important role in maintaining a balanced supply-demand state. This region holds potential for diverse forms of tourism, including rural and agricultural recreation such as farm tours and farm life experiences. Based on findings, the paper provides valuable insights for spatial and regional planning by proposing targeted strategies to sustainably manage tourism activities.

year: 2024

title: Adaptive online domain incremental continual learning

authors: Gunasekara, Nuwan Amila

subjects: computer science

abstract: Continual Learning (CL) problems pose significant challenges for Neural Network (NN)s. Online Domain Incremental Continual Learning (ODI-CL) refers to situations where the data distribution may change from one task to another. These changes can severely affect the learned model, focusing too much on previous data and failing to properly learn and represent new concepts. Conversely, if a model constantly forgets previously learned knowledge, it may be deemed too unstable and unsuitable. This work proposes Online Domain Incremental Pool (ODIP), a novel method to cope with catastrophic forgetting. ODIP also employs automatic concept drift detection and does not require task ids during training. ODIP maintains a pool of learners, freezing and storing the best one after training on each task. An additional Task Predictor (TP) is trained to select the most appropriate NN from the frozen pool for prediction. We compare ODIP against regularization methods and observe that it yields competitive predictive performance.

text: Adaptive online domain incremental continual learning Continual Learning (CL) problems pose significant challenges for Neural Network (NN)s. Online Domain Incremental Continual Learning (ODI-CL) refers to situations where the data distribution may change from one task to another. These changes can severely affect the learned model, focusing too much on previous data and failing to properly learn and represent new concepts. Conversely, if a model constantly forgets previously learned knowledge, it may be deemed too unstable and unsuitable. This work proposes Online Domain Incremental Pool (ODIP), a novel method to cope with catastrophic forgetting. ODIP also employs automatic concept drift detection and does not require task ids during training. ODIP maintains a pool of learners, freezing and storing the best one after training on each task. An additional Task Predictor (TP) is trained to select the most appropriate NN from the frozen pool for prediction. We compare ODIP against regularization methods and observe that it yields competitive predictive performance.

year: 2022

title: Katoa: A descriptive, comparative and historical analysis

authors: Wessels, Kanauhea Janion

subjects: discontinuous quantification

abstract: Katoa, approximately translated as ‘all, every’, functions as the universal quantifier in te reo Māori (the Māori language), inherited from Proto Polynesian *katoa. Less well known is its occurrence as a postnominal modifier in singular noun phrases, contributing the meaning of ‘whole’, and as a nominal head meaning ‘all (of them), the whole (of it)’. As a postverbal modifier, katoa can quantify a subject noun phrase with the same meanings of ‘all, every’ and ‘whole’, and it can modify situations expressed by the verb, meaning ‘wholly, completely’. In this paper, we examine the behaviour of katoa in te reo Māori, comparing some properties of katoa with the behaviour of quantifiers in related Polynesian languages. This, in turn, informs our understanding of the prehistory of quantification in Polynesian, where we observe evidence of both retention and replacement of quantifier forms.

text: Katoa: A descriptive, comparative and historical analysis Katoa, approximately translated as ‘all, every’, functions as the universal quantifier in te reo Māori (the Māori language), inherited from Proto Polynesian *katoa. Less well known is its occurrence as a postnominal modifier in singular noun phrases, contributing the meaning of ‘whole’, and as a nominal head meaning ‘all (of them), the whole (of it)’. As a postverbal modifier, katoa can quantify a subject noun phrase with the same meanings of ‘all, every’ and ‘whole’, and it can modify situations expressed by the verb, meaning ‘wholly, completely’. In this paper, we examine the behaviour of katoa in te reo Māori, comparing some properties of katoa with the behaviour of quantifiers in related Polynesian languages. This, in turn, informs our understanding of the prehistory of quantification in Polynesian, where we observe evidence of both retention and replacement of quantifier forms.

year: 2024