title: Regulation of phosphorus bioavailability by iron nanoparticles in a monomictic lake

authors: Saeed, Huma

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Dissolved reactive phosphorous (DRP) in lake systems is conventionally considered to predominate over other dissolved P species, however, this view neglects an important set of interactions that occurs between P and reactive iron hydroxide surfaces. This study addresses the coupling of P with dispersed iron nanoparticles in lakes, an interaction that may fundamentally alter the bioavailability of P to phytoplankton. We used difusive gradients in thin flms (DGT) and ultrafltration to study Fe-P coupling in the water column of a monomictic lake over a hydrological year. Fe and P were predominantly colloidal (particle diameters>~5nm<~20nm) in both oxic epilimnetic and anaerobic hypolimnetic waters, but they were both DGT-labile under sub-oxic conditions, consistent with difusion and dissolution of Fe-and-P-bearing colloids within the DGT difusive gel. During peak stratifcation, increases in Fe and P bioavailability were spatially and temporally coincident with Fe nanoparticle dissolution and the formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum at 5–8m depth. These results provide a window into the coupling and decoupling of P with mobile iron colloids, with implications for our understanding of the behaviour of nutrients and their infuence on phytoplankton community dynamics.

text: Regulation of phosphorus bioavailability by iron nanoparticles in a monomictic lake Dissolved reactive phosphorous (DRP) in lake systems is conventionally considered to predominate over other dissolved P species, however, this view neglects an important set of interactions that occurs between P and reactive iron hydroxide surfaces. This study addresses the coupling of P with dispersed iron nanoparticles in lakes, an interaction that may fundamentally alter the bioavailability of P to phytoplankton. We used difusive gradients in thin flms (DGT) and ultrafltration to study Fe-P coupling in the water column of a monomictic lake over a hydrological year. Fe and P were predominantly colloidal (particle diameters>~5nm<~20nm) in both oxic epilimnetic and anaerobic hypolimnetic waters, but they were both DGT-labile under sub-oxic conditions, consistent with difusion and dissolution of Fe-and-P-bearing colloids within the DGT difusive gel. During peak stratifcation, increases in Fe and P bioavailability were spatially and temporally coincident with Fe nanoparticle dissolution and the formation of a deep chlorophyll maximum at 5–8m depth. These results provide a window into the coupling and decoupling of P with mobile iron colloids, with implications for our understanding of the behaviour of nutrients and their infuence on phytoplankton community dynamics.

year: 2018

title: Extracting text from PostScript

authors: Nevill-Manning, Craig G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: We show how to extract plain text from PostScript files. A textual scan is inadequate because PostScript interpreters can generate characters on the page that do not appear in the source file. Furthermore, word and line breaks are implicit in the graphical rendition, and must be inferred from the positioning of word fragments. We present a robust technique for extracting text and recognizing words and paragraphs. The method uses a standard PostScript interpreter but redefines several PostScript operators, and simple heuristics are employed to locate word and line breaks. The scheme has been used to create a full-text index, and plain-text versions, of 40,000 technical reports (34 Gbyte of PostScript). Other text-extraction systems are reviewed: none offer the same combination of robustness and simplicity.

text: Extracting text from PostScript We show how to extract plain text from PostScript files. A textual scan is inadequate because PostScript interpreters can generate characters on the page that do not appear in the source file. Furthermore, word and line breaks are implicit in the graphical rendition, and must be inferred from the positioning of word fragments. We present a robust technique for extracting text and recognizing words and paragraphs. The method uses a standard PostScript interpreter but redefines several PostScript operators, and simple heuristics are employed to locate word and line breaks. The scheme has been used to create a full-text index, and plain-text versions, of 40,000 technical reports (34 Gbyte of PostScript). Other text-extraction systems are reviewed: none offer the same combination of robustness and simplicity.

year: 1997-04

title: Drawing on linguistic concepts to teach te reo Māori; Drawing on te reo Māori to teach linguistic concepts

authors: Wessels, Kanauhea Janion

subjects: linguistic pedagogy

abstract: In this paper, we explore the intersections in our teaching practice between the discipline of linguistics and te reo Māori. From the perspective of language teaching, in pedagogic materials for te reo Māori, we have observed that linguistic concepts are not typically highlighted (cf. Moorfield 2001, Jacobs 2012). From the perspective of teaching linguistics, te reo Māori is seldom employed to illustrate or assess linguistic concepts, although it commonly features in accounts of language revitalization. Content that does occur is limited (cf. Burridge & Stebbins, 2016). 
As a tertiary lecturer of the Māori language, I (Kanauhea) consider how, in my teaching practice, I draw on my technical knowledge of linguistics to enhance my explanations of language structures and their functions, where these are unfamiliar to language learners. As a tertiary linguistics lecturer, I (Julie) consider ways in which I draw on my beginner knowledge of te reo Māori to enhance my teaching of linguistic concepts, reflecting on materials I have developed to teach and assess students. 
We argue that students of te reo can benefit from linguistic understandings on their language learning journeys. Equally, as Aotearoa New Zealand's indigenous language, te reo Māori should have a strong presence in linguistic teaching materials, and our linguistics students should graduate with an indepth knowledge of te reo Māori structures.

text: Drawing on linguistic concepts to teach te reo Māori; Drawing on te reo Māori to teach linguistic concepts In this paper, we explore the intersections in our teaching practice between the discipline of linguistics and te reo Māori. From the perspective of language teaching, in pedagogic materials for te reo Māori, we have observed that linguistic concepts are not typically highlighted (cf. Moorfield 2001, Jacobs 2012). From the perspective of teaching linguistics, te reo Māori is seldom employed to illustrate or assess linguistic concepts, although it commonly features in accounts of language revitalization. Content that does occur is limited (cf. Burridge & Stebbins, 2016). 
As a tertiary lecturer of the Māori language, I (Kanauhea) consider how, in my teaching practice, I draw on my technical knowledge of linguistics to enhance my explanations of language structures and their functions, where these are unfamiliar to language learners. As a tertiary linguistics lecturer, I (Julie) consider ways in which I draw on my beginner knowledge of te reo Māori to enhance my teaching of linguistic concepts, reflecting on materials I have developed to teach and assess students. 
We argue that students of te reo can benefit from linguistic understandings on their language learning journeys. Equally, as Aotearoa New Zealand's indigenous language, te reo Māori should have a strong presence in linguistic teaching materials, and our linguistics students should graduate with an indepth knowledge of te reo Māori structures.

year: 2023