title: Comparison of resilience rating systems:‎ Assessing post earthquake hospital functionality

authors: Boston, Megan

abstract: A community’s ability to recover from an earthquake is heavily tied to the overall resilience of that community. Damage to critical infrastructure can dictate how the community as a whole recovers. Efforts have been made to quantify the resilience of important infrastructure components of a community, i.e., individual buildings. These resilience frameworks aim to predict damage, life safety concerns, and recovery times and cost. Several rating systems have been developed to help stakeholders assess vulnerabilities in their buildings and address specific areas for improvement. Each rating system has a different way of quantifying resilience, however, they have a common goal of reducing the adverse effects of a disaster and keep critical facilities running. Hospitals are critical to a community’s well being, and contribute to their resilience and ability to recover following an earthquake. Physical damage to structural and nonstructural components in a hospital can severely limit the ability of the hospital to provide critical life saving services to the community. Predicting post-earthquake hospital functionality is critical for planning and preparing for future earthquakes. Rating systems provide valuable information on the predicted performance of these critical facilities. The results of three different rating systems are compared for a single hospital building.

text: Comparison of resilience rating systems:‎ Assessing post earthquake hospital functionality A community’s ability to recover from an earthquake is heavily tied to the overall resilience of that community. Damage to critical infrastructure can dictate how the community as a whole recovers. Efforts have been made to quantify the resilience of important infrastructure components of a community, i.e., individual buildings. These resilience frameworks aim to predict damage, life safety concerns, and recovery times and cost. Several rating systems have been developed to help stakeholders assess vulnerabilities in their buildings and address specific areas for improvement. Each rating system has a different way of quantifying resilience, however, they have a common goal of reducing the adverse effects of a disaster and keep critical facilities running. Hospitals are critical to a community’s well being, and contribute to their resilience and ability to recover following an earthquake. Physical damage to structural and nonstructural components in a hospital can severely limit the ability of the hospital to provide critical life saving services to the community. Predicting post-earthquake hospital functionality is critical for planning and preparing for future earthquakes. Rating systems provide valuable information on the predicted performance of these critical facilities. The results of three different rating systems are compared for a single hospital building.

year: 2018-06

title: Discourse relations, semantic relations and English in academic settings

authors: Paltridge, Brian

subjects: Discourse analysis

abstract: This paper describes the use of the notions of discourse elements, discourse relations and semantic relations in the teaching of English in academic settings. The paper provides an overview of these notions as well as makes suggestions for how they might be drawn on in the teaching of English for academic purposes. Working with these notions can help students create the kinds of texts they need to be able to produce in their courses of study as well as give them strategies they can draw on for reading and writing texts in their future academic and professional lives.

text: Discourse relations, semantic relations and English in academic settings This paper describes the use of the notions of discourse elements, discourse relations and semantic relations in the teaching of English in academic settings. The paper provides an overview of these notions as well as makes suggestions for how they might be drawn on in the teaching of English for academic purposes. Working with these notions can help students create the kinds of texts they need to be able to produce in their courses of study as well as give them strategies they can draw on for reading and writing texts in their future academic and professional lives.

year: 2010-02

title: Te whakahuatanga i te reo Māori: Kua ahatia e tātou i roto i ngā tau 100 kua hipa nei? (The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 Years?)

authors: Harlow, Ray

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: In the words of the proverb: 'The land remains, but humankind vanishes.' One should perhaps extend this to read: 'The land remains, humankind vanishes, and language changes.' For languages are old, handed down from one generation to another, but no matter what, they change. Present-day English is not Shakespeare's or Chaucer's language. The pronunciation has changed, new words have entered the language, some words have been lost, the grammar is now different. Māori is like that as well. Over the last two centuries, many aspects of the language have become different. Many words have been borrowed from English, and become part of the language. Many new words have been created in recent years to accommodate the new topics now being spoken about in Māori. Many words have changed their meaning, e.g., 'pūtea' originally a type of basket, but now a 'fund', source of money. In the grammar, there are now constructions being used which were not correct in earlier centuries.So far as the pronunciation is concerned, how is one to observe its development? That is the substance of a research project which has only just now begun, and it is the purpose of this paper to explain the nature of that research and show some of the preliminary findings. Hence the title: The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 years? The project is supported by the Marsden Research Fund.

text: Te whakahuatanga i te reo Māori: Kua ahatia e tātou i roto i ngā tau 100 kua hipa nei? (The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 Years?) In the words of the proverb: 'The land remains, but humankind vanishes.' One should perhaps extend this to read: 'The land remains, humankind vanishes, and language changes.' For languages are old, handed down from one generation to another, but no matter what, they change. Present-day English is not Shakespeare's or Chaucer's language. The pronunciation has changed, new words have entered the language, some words have been lost, the grammar is now different. Māori is like that as well. Over the last two centuries, many aspects of the language have become different. Many words have been borrowed from English, and become part of the language. Many new words have been created in recent years to accommodate the new topics now being spoken about in Māori. Many words have changed their meaning, e.g., 'pūtea' originally a type of basket, but now a 'fund', source of money. In the grammar, there are now constructions being used which were not correct in earlier centuries.So far as the pronunciation is concerned, how is one to observe its development? That is the substance of a research project which has only just now begun, and it is the purpose of this paper to explain the nature of that research and show some of the preliminary findings. Hence the title: The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 years? The project is supported by the Marsden Research Fund.

year: 2005-05