title: Towards a Theory of 'Appropriate Fandom'

authors: Stewart, Mark

subjects: fan policing

abstract: As fandom and fan practices become more broadly recognized within popular culture, tensions and conflicts arise between different understandings of the 'appropriate' way to perform fandom. Different groups have different unspoken understandings of what constitutes the 'right' and the 'wrong' way to be a fan, to behave as a fan. These understandings may differ within a fandom, between different fandoms, between fans and the media industries, and between fans and the broader public.

This article sketches a framework for how we might understand differing conceptions of 'appropriate' and 'inappropriate' fandom, explores the drivers behind these understandings, and highlights how different participants and stakeholders work to bring fans within their own conceptions of 'appropriate' fandom. The article outlines four modes or directions of 'appropriate' fandom and provides a detailed analysis of how top-down 'appropriate' fandom is evidenced within the television industry, using a case study of the US competition reality television series Survivor.

text: Towards a Theory of 'Appropriate Fandom' As fandom and fan practices become more broadly recognized within popular culture, tensions and conflicts arise between different understandings of the 'appropriate' way to perform fandom. Different groups have different unspoken understandings of what constitutes the 'right' and the 'wrong' way to be a fan, to behave as a fan. These understandings may differ within a fandom, between different fandoms, between fans and the media industries, and between fans and the broader public.

This article sketches a framework for how we might understand differing conceptions of 'appropriate' and 'inappropriate' fandom, explores the drivers behind these understandings, and highlights how different participants and stakeholders work to bring fans within their own conceptions of 'appropriate' fandom. The article outlines four modes or directions of 'appropriate' fandom and provides a detailed analysis of how top-down 'appropriate' fandom is evidenced within the television industry, using a case study of the US competition reality television series Survivor.

year: 2023-03

title: Tuning the sulfur–heterometal interaction in organolead(IV) complexes of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄]

authors: Pham, Kristina

subjects: Platinum complexes

abstract: Reactions of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with Ph₃PbCl, Ph₂PbI₂, Ph₂PbBr₂ and Me₃PbOAc result in the formation of bright yellow to orange solutions containing the cations [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbR₃]⁺ (R₃ = Ph₃, Ph₂I, Ph₂Br, Me₃) isolated as PF₆⁻ or BPh₄⁻ salts. In the case of the Me₃Pb and Et₃Pb systems, a prolonged reaction time results in formation of the alkylated species [Pt₂(μ-S)(μ-SR)(PPh₃)₄]⁺ (R = Me, Et). X-ray structure determinations on [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbMe₃]PF₆ and [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbPh₂I]PF₆ have been carried out, revealing different coordination modes. In the Me₃Pb complex, the (four-coordinate) lead atom binds to a single sulfur atom, while in the Ph₂PbI adduct coordination of both sulfurs results in a five-coordinate lead centre. These differences are related to the electron density on the lead centre, and indicate that the interaction of the heterometal centre with the {Pt₂S₂} metalloligand core can be tuned by variation of the heteroatom substituents. The species [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbR₃]⁺ display differing fragmentation pathways in their ESI mass spectra, following initial loss of PPh₃ in all cases; for R = Ph, loss of PbPh₂ occurs, yielding [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₃Ph]⁺, while for R = Me, reductive elimination of ethane gives [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₃PbMe]⁺, which is followed by loss of CH₄.

text: Tuning the sulfur–heterometal interaction in organolead(IV) complexes of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] Reactions of [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄] with Ph₃PbCl, Ph₂PbI₂, Ph₂PbBr₂ and Me₃PbOAc result in the formation of bright yellow to orange solutions containing the cations [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbR₃]⁺ (R₃ = Ph₃, Ph₂I, Ph₂Br, Me₃) isolated as PF₆⁻ or BPh₄⁻ salts. In the case of the Me₃Pb and Et₃Pb systems, a prolonged reaction time results in formation of the alkylated species [Pt₂(μ-S)(μ-SR)(PPh₃)₄]⁺ (R = Me, Et). X-ray structure determinations on [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbMe₃]PF₆ and [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbPh₂I]PF₆ have been carried out, revealing different coordination modes. In the Me₃Pb complex, the (four-coordinate) lead atom binds to a single sulfur atom, while in the Ph₂PbI adduct coordination of both sulfurs results in a five-coordinate lead centre. These differences are related to the electron density on the lead centre, and indicate that the interaction of the heterometal centre with the {Pt₂S₂} metalloligand core can be tuned by variation of the heteroatom substituents. The species [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₄PbR₃]⁺ display differing fragmentation pathways in their ESI mass spectra, following initial loss of PPh₃ in all cases; for R = Ph, loss of PbPh₂ occurs, yielding [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₃Ph]⁺, while for R = Me, reductive elimination of ethane gives [Pt₂(μ-S)₂(PPh₃)₃PbMe]⁺, which is followed by loss of CH₄.

year: 2007

title: Tūturu whakamaua ko te kupu, haumi e, hui e, ko ngā kupu o te mātauranga ē!

authors: Dale, Hēmi

subjects: Reo Māori

abstract: Ko tā tēnei tuhinga he arotahi ki ētahi o ngā take reo e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakangungu pouako mā te huarahi o te reo Māori i roto i te whare wānanga. Ka mutu, ka kōrerorerotia ngā urupare a te Huarahi Māori (tētahi kaiwhakarato whakangungu pouako mā te huarahi o te reo Māori) ki ētahi o ēnei take reo.

text: Tūturu whakamaua ko te kupu, haumi e, hui e, ko ngā kupu o te mātauranga ē! Ko tā tēnei tuhinga he arotahi ki ētahi o ngā take reo e pā ana ki ngā mahi whakangungu pouako mā te huarahi o te reo Māori i roto i te whare wānanga. Ka mutu, ka kōrerorerotia ngā urupare a te Huarahi Māori (tētahi kaiwhakarato whakangungu pouako mā te huarahi o te reo Māori) ki ētahi o ēnei take reo.

year: 2017