title: Are flow-vegetation interactions well represented by mimics? A case study of mangrove pneumatophores

authors: Horstman, Erik M.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Arrays of real mangrove pneumatophores (i.e. aboveground pencil roots) and artificial dowel mimics were constructed in a laboratory flume to examine differences in canopy flow dynamics. Compared to the uniform-height dowel canopy, the non-uniform height of the pneumatophores significantly reduced the intensity of the canopy shear, and shifted the turbulence maxima observed directly above the dowels upwards by approximately the standard deviation of the pneumatophore heights. Consequently, bed shear stresses were up to two times greater in the uniform-height dowel canopy than in a pneumatophore canopy of similar density. At the same time, ratios of the within-canopy velocity to the free-stream velocity above the canopies were not significantly altered by the heterogeneous height, shape and spatial distribution of the pneumatophores. Our results emphasize that uniform dowels are poor proxies of real pneumatophore canopies and may lead to underestimations of sediment-trapping efficiency.

text: Are flow-vegetation interactions well represented by mimics? A case study of mangrove pneumatophores Arrays of real mangrove pneumatophores (i.e. aboveground pencil roots) and artificial dowel mimics were constructed in a laboratory flume to examine differences in canopy flow dynamics. Compared to the uniform-height dowel canopy, the non-uniform height of the pneumatophores significantly reduced the intensity of the canopy shear, and shifted the turbulence maxima observed directly above the dowels upwards by approximately the standard deviation of the pneumatophore heights. Consequently, bed shear stresses were up to two times greater in the uniform-height dowel canopy than in a pneumatophore canopy of similar density. At the same time, ratios of the within-canopy velocity to the free-stream velocity above the canopies were not significantly altered by the heterogeneous height, shape and spatial distribution of the pneumatophores. Our results emphasize that uniform dowels are poor proxies of real pneumatophore canopies and may lead to underestimations of sediment-trapping efficiency.

year: 2018

title: Muslim-Jewish relations: some Islamic paradigms

authors: Pratt, Douglas

subjects: Islam

abstract: There is, arguably, an urgent need today for a critical understanding of Islamic views and ideological stances with respect to Judaism in general and, inter alia, with regard to Israel and Jews in particular. This is necessary in order to seek ways of addressing salient and pressing socio-political and inter-communal, if not directly interreligious, issues. This article identifies and discusses some leading Islamic ideological leitmotifs that have been determinative for the history of Jewish-Muslim relations. They remain critically important with respect to the way in which, broadly speaking, the Islamic world of today perceives and relates to Jews and Judaism. Addressing the impact of negative paradigms of Muslim-Jewish relations, and the identifying and promoting of positive paradigms instead, constitutes a profound and urgent challenge facing contemporary Islam.

text: Muslim-Jewish relations: some Islamic paradigms There is, arguably, an urgent need today for a critical understanding of Islamic views and ideological stances with respect to Judaism in general and, inter alia, with regard to Israel and Jews in particular. This is necessary in order to seek ways of addressing salient and pressing socio-political and inter-communal, if not directly interreligious, issues. This article identifies and discusses some leading Islamic ideological leitmotifs that have been determinative for the history of Jewish-Muslim relations. They remain critically important with respect to the way in which, broadly speaking, the Islamic world of today perceives and relates to Jews and Judaism. Addressing the impact of negative paradigms of Muslim-Jewish relations, and the identifying and promoting of positive paradigms instead, constitutes a profound and urgent challenge facing contemporary Islam.

year: 2010

title: The Niupepa Collection: Opening the blinds on a window to the past

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper describes the building of a digital library collection of historic newspapers. The newspapers (Niupepa in Maori), which were published in New Zealand during the period 1842 to 1933, form a unique historical record of the Maori language, and of events from an historical perspective. Images of these newspapers have been converted to digital form, electronic text extracted from these, and the collection is now being made available over the Internet as a part of the New Zealand Digital Library (NZDL) project at the University of Waikato.

text: The Niupepa Collection: Opening the blinds on a window to the past This paper describes the building of a digital library collection of historic newspapers. The newspapers (Niupepa in Maori), which were published in New Zealand during the period 1842 to 1933, form a unique historical record of the Maori language, and of events from an historical perspective. Images of these newspapers have been converted to digital form, electronic text extracted from these, and the collection is now being made available over the Internet as a part of the New Zealand Digital Library (NZDL) project at the University of Waikato.

year: 1999-12