title: Recognising new market opportunities and selecting appropriate segments: Targeting Chinese outbound tourists

authors: Prideaux, Bruce

subjects: Australia

abstract: Many destinations encounter problems when attempting to adopt a strategic approach to planning. If destinations misread target markets and fail to provide the experiences desired by tourists, they face the danger of falling revenue, adverse impacts on their image and a disenchanted travel trade sector that may make recommendations to its clients to travel elsewhere. This article examines how destinations are able to use a tourism-specific version of the strategic window of opportunity model to identify opportunities for participating in new, rapidly growing markets. The utility of the model is demonstrated by examining how the steps suggested in the model were used in Cairns, Australia, to develop its Chinese market sector. This article contributes to a gap in the literature regarding strategies that may be used by destinations searching for new markets.

text: Recognising new market opportunities and selecting appropriate segments: Targeting Chinese outbound tourists Many destinations encounter problems when attempting to adopt a strategic approach to planning. If destinations misread target markets and fail to provide the experiences desired by tourists, they face the danger of falling revenue, adverse impacts on their image and a disenchanted travel trade sector that may make recommendations to its clients to travel elsewhere. This article examines how destinations are able to use a tourism-specific version of the strategic window of opportunity model to identify opportunities for participating in new, rapidly growing markets. The utility of the model is demonstrated by examining how the steps suggested in the model were used in Cairns, Australia, to develop its Chinese market sector. This article contributes to a gap in the literature regarding strategies that may be used by destinations searching for new markets.

year: 2012

title: How a game sense coaching approach impacts on the learning experience for teenage rugby players

authors: McLean, Jeremy Kyle

subjects: Game Sense

abstract: Rugby is the national game in New Zealand and has played a significant part in the lives of many New Zealanders. More recently there has been a steady decline in the number of youths engaging with rugby (and organised sport in general), which is of concern to governing bodies such as New Zealand Rugby and Sport New Zealand. This collaborative action research study collaborated with coaches of two provincial representative rugby squads (one boy’s, one girl’s), consisting of 16-18-year-olds, where the coaches implemented a Game Sense (GS) coaching approach throughout their respective campaigns. The perspectives of the players were sought through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews, to better understand how the learning experience was received by them. The researcher led and supported the development of the coaches through an initial workshop, observation, and feedback, as well as relaying relevant themes from focus groups, to better understand and implement GS together. The study intended to enhance understanding of a GS approach through the eyes of youth participants, with the hope that coaches and coach education may benefit and provide a practice offering that meets the needs of teens. Results suggest that players were highly engaged with a GS approach as the practice environment replicates the reality of a match through the practice design, utilising opposition, contact, and a questioning approach in practices. An underpinning theme on a culture of trust emerged, depicting how important team culture is for teenagers to engage with not only GS but also a team sport like rugby.

text: How a game sense coaching approach impacts on the learning experience for teenage rugby players Rugby is the national game in New Zealand and has played a significant part in the lives of many New Zealanders. More recently there has been a steady decline in the number of youths engaging with rugby (and organised sport in general), which is of concern to governing bodies such as New Zealand Rugby and Sport New Zealand. This collaborative action research study collaborated with coaches of two provincial representative rugby squads (one boy’s, one girl’s), consisting of 16-18-year-olds, where the coaches implemented a Game Sense (GS) coaching approach throughout their respective campaigns. The perspectives of the players were sought through focus groups and individual semi-structured interviews, to better understand how the learning experience was received by them. The researcher led and supported the development of the coaches through an initial workshop, observation, and feedback, as well as relaying relevant themes from focus groups, to better understand and implement GS together. The study intended to enhance understanding of a GS approach through the eyes of youth participants, with the hope that coaches and coach education may benefit and provide a practice offering that meets the needs of teens. Results suggest that players were highly engaged with a GS approach as the practice environment replicates the reality of a match through the practice design, utilising opposition, contact, and a questioning approach in practices. An underpinning theme on a culture of trust emerged, depicting how important team culture is for teenagers to engage with not only GS but also a team sport like rugby.

year: 2021

title: Monitoring and hydrodynamic modelling of groundwater inflows into Lake Rotokakahi, New Zealand

authors: Noakes, Katie

subjects: Groundwater

abstract: Lake Rotokakahi is located 10 km south of Rotorua and is of immense cultural importance to the local iwi. The lake also has significant historical and recreational values, which prompted iwi to make the lake private in 1996. Lake Rotokakahi is one of several Rotorua/ Te Arawa lakes. Several of these lakes have become eutrophic and some have declining water quality. This study was prompted by declining water quality of Lake Rotokakahi and the need to identify potential sources of nutrients to the lake, particularly groundwater inflows.

The interaction between groundwater and surface water has a major influence on the trophic status of lakes, particularly those that are predominantly or solely groundwater fed systems. Lake Rotokakahi has one small spring-fed surface water inflow and one outflow, the Te Wairoa stream. Thus the lake is predominantly groundwater fed. The main objective of this thesis was to quantify the contribution of groundwater and surface water to Lake Rotokakahi and to examine interactions of the groundwater system with the lake, in order to provide a basis to improve lake management practices. Multiple monitoring sites were established around the perimeter of the lake to determine the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inputs, as well as the groundwater nutrient dynamics. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model was set up and simulations were used to examine how groundwater and surface water inflows were dispersed within the lake upon entry.

Monitoring of the shallow groundwater system took place from 1 January to 1 July 2016. Three separate storm events were monitored at high frequency within this monitoring period. The monitoring results showed the groundwater system varied significantly both spatially and temporally and also contributed a high proportion of the total nutrient load to the lake. Groundwater discharge and nutrient concentrations generally increased in association with or immediately following high rainfall events.
 
The three-dimensional model ELCOM was set up using hydrological data for the catchment, meteorological data from a nearby station and bathymetry of the lake. Simulations were based upon different methods of calculating groundwater inflows. Simulation 1 was based upon the common water balance equation method. Simulation 2 used constant groundwater inflow and outflow volumes as determined by a groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, which had been applied to the catchment by White et al., (2015). Simulation 3 combined MODLFOW values and measured groundwater levels to create a varying inflow volume based on water level. The three simulations accurately captured surface and bottom temperatures and had varying lake water levels. Only simulation 3 accurately captured the presence of the groundwater spring near the lake shore and was concluded the more accurate method of groundwater inflow calculation.

text: Monitoring and hydrodynamic modelling of groundwater inflows into Lake Rotokakahi, New Zealand Lake Rotokakahi is located 10 km south of Rotorua and is of immense cultural importance to the local iwi. The lake also has significant historical and recreational values, which prompted iwi to make the lake private in 1996. Lake Rotokakahi is one of several Rotorua/ Te Arawa lakes. Several of these lakes have become eutrophic and some have declining water quality. This study was prompted by declining water quality of Lake Rotokakahi and the need to identify potential sources of nutrients to the lake, particularly groundwater inflows.

The interaction between groundwater and surface water has a major influence on the trophic status of lakes, particularly those that are predominantly or solely groundwater fed systems. Lake Rotokakahi has one small spring-fed surface water inflow and one outflow, the Te Wairoa stream. Thus the lake is predominantly groundwater fed. The main objective of this thesis was to quantify the contribution of groundwater and surface water to Lake Rotokakahi and to examine interactions of the groundwater system with the lake, in order to provide a basis to improve lake management practices. Multiple monitoring sites were established around the perimeter of the lake to determine the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater inputs, as well as the groundwater nutrient dynamics. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic lake model was set up and simulations were used to examine how groundwater and surface water inflows were dispersed within the lake upon entry.

Monitoring of the shallow groundwater system took place from 1 January to 1 July 2016. Three separate storm events were monitored at high frequency within this monitoring period. The monitoring results showed the groundwater system varied significantly both spatially and temporally and also contributed a high proportion of the total nutrient load to the lake. Groundwater discharge and nutrient concentrations generally increased in association with or immediately following high rainfall events.
 
The three-dimensional model ELCOM was set up using hydrological data for the catchment, meteorological data from a nearby station and bathymetry of the lake. Simulations were based upon different methods of calculating groundwater inflows. Simulation 1 was based upon the common water balance equation method. Simulation 2 used constant groundwater inflow and outflow volumes as determined by a groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, which had been applied to the catchment by White et al., (2015). Simulation 3 combined MODLFOW values and measured groundwater levels to create a varying inflow volume based on water level. The three simulations accurately captured surface and bottom temperatures and had varying lake water levels. Only simulation 3 accurately captured the presence of the groundwater spring near the lake shore and was concluded the more accurate method of groundwater inflow calculation.

year: 2016