title: The waters of the Maori: Maori law and state law

authors: Durie, Edward Taihākurei

abstract: This paper is for filing in the Waitangi Tribunal in relation to a claim that existing laws do not adequately accommodate the Māori proprietary interest in natural, water resources. The claim was initiated by the New Zealand Māori Council in association with ten tribal groups. It was later accompanied by 166 other Māori groups, whom the Tribunal joined as interested parties.

text: The waters of the Maori: Maori law and state law This paper is for filing in the Waitangi Tribunal in relation to a claim that existing laws do not adequately accommodate the Māori proprietary interest in natural, water resources. The claim was initiated by the New Zealand Māori Council in association with ten tribal groups. It was later accompanied by 166 other Māori groups, whom the Tribunal joined as interested parties.

year: 2017

title: Kia mate rā anō a Tama-nui-te-rā: reversing language shift in Kōhanga reo

authors: Skerrett White, Mere Ngāutauta

abstract: This thesis focuses on reversing language shift (RLS) efforts via the revernacularisation of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in Te Amokura Kōhanga Reo (Māori language nest). J. Fishman’s (2001a) graded intergenerational disruption scale (GIDS), and M. Durie’s (2001, 2003) discussions on Māori educational advancement provide conceptual frameworks for the meaning-making, cultural and symbolic relationships of language to culture and identity (Fishman, 1996). This qualitative case study involves three young children and their families who are committed to the intergenerational transmission of te reo Māori, the threatened indigenous heritage language of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Observational data was analysed illustrating these bilingual, biliterate, bicultural, bicognitive and bilateral children and their use of sophisticated language for increasingly complex purposes. This study identifies how children’s learning dispositions for shared reference with adults (who are active listeners and thoughtful speakers in meaningful activities [Carr, M., 2000, 2001]) are part of the deep structure of a unique cultural context successfully supporting language revernacularisation. In addition the study develops critical insights into how RLS can be viewed as the linguistic arm for furthering Māori aspirations of tino rangatiratanga (Bishop, R., 1997a; Bishop R., & Glynn, T., 1999) and has further implications for language planning, pedagogy and praxis in Kōhanga Reo.

text: Kia mate rā anō a Tama-nui-te-rā: reversing language shift in Kōhanga reo This thesis focuses on reversing language shift (RLS) efforts via the revernacularisation of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in Te Amokura Kōhanga Reo (Māori language nest). J. Fishman’s (2001a) graded intergenerational disruption scale (GIDS), and M. Durie’s (2001, 2003) discussions on Māori educational advancement provide conceptual frameworks for the meaning-making, cultural and symbolic relationships of language to culture and identity (Fishman, 1996). This qualitative case study involves three young children and their families who are committed to the intergenerational transmission of te reo Māori, the threatened indigenous heritage language of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Observational data was analysed illustrating these bilingual, biliterate, bicultural, bicognitive and bilateral children and their use of sophisticated language for increasingly complex purposes. This study identifies how children’s learning dispositions for shared reference with adults (who are active listeners and thoughtful speakers in meaningful activities [Carr, M., 2000, 2001]) are part of the deep structure of a unique cultural context successfully supporting language revernacularisation. In addition the study develops critical insights into how RLS can be viewed as the linguistic arm for furthering Māori aspirations of tino rangatiratanga (Bishop, R., 1997a; Bishop R., & Glynn, T., 1999) and has further implications for language planning, pedagogy and praxis in Kōhanga Reo.

year: 2003

title: The New Zealand Curriculum in the moana

authors: Del Monte, Pablo

abstract: Reading this issue’s five reflections on the Aotearoa New Zealand Curriculum (ANZC) has provoked us to think again on a returning question, that is, what is a curriculum—and its reform? We have thus come to think about the curriculum as an event that determines “at least in part, what we are, what we think and what we do today” (Foucault, 1984, p. 32). Furthermore, we have been musing on the shifts and movements of vā (Fa’avae, 2018) and power, and consider that a useful concept to think of the curriculum may be the moana—the vast ocean or space of interconnections. The curriculum conduces forms of power that ‘make us up’ (Hacking, 1986) and produces shifts of the vā that animates the souls (Ball, 2003) of those that take part in education. This commentary is an open conversation with the articles of this special section, and between the writers, an attempt to bring us together and think differently. It is riddled with contradiction, which we embrace as a prolific space where we can think together. First, we set the grounds for a decolonial reading of the curriculum, and ANZC's reform specifically. Secondly, we consider the curriculum as the currents that bring together and conduct a heterogeneity of beings (policy texts, discourses, technologies, actors, etc.) creating a sense of shared identities that connect the past, present and future. We also understand the ANZC as a fluid space where specific forms of power circulate and flow, and make us up as beings with particular capabilities. Finally, we conclude by asking what kind of life is possible in these waters. The articles in this issue agree on the potency of the ANZC to contribute to the making of productive, socially engaged and culturally aware citizens. We ask further as to what forms of knowledges, identities and subject positions are made available for students and educators in the curriculum.

text: The New Zealand Curriculum in the moana Reading this issue’s five reflections on the Aotearoa New Zealand Curriculum (ANZC) has provoked us to think again on a returning question, that is, what is a curriculum—and its reform? We have thus come to think about the curriculum as an event that determines “at least in part, what we are, what we think and what we do today” (Foucault, 1984, p. 32). Furthermore, we have been musing on the shifts and movements of vā (Fa’avae, 2018) and power, and consider that a useful concept to think of the curriculum may be the moana—the vast ocean or space of interconnections. The curriculum conduces forms of power that ‘make us up’ (Hacking, 1986) and produces shifts of the vā that animates the souls (Ball, 2003) of those that take part in education. This commentary is an open conversation with the articles of this special section, and between the writers, an attempt to bring us together and think differently. It is riddled with contradiction, which we embrace as a prolific space where we can think together. First, we set the grounds for a decolonial reading of the curriculum, and ANZC's reform specifically. Secondly, we consider the curriculum as the currents that bring together and conduct a heterogeneity of beings (policy texts, discourses, technologies, actors, etc.) creating a sense of shared identities that connect the past, present and future. We also understand the ANZC as a fluid space where specific forms of power circulate and flow, and make us up as beings with particular capabilities. Finally, we conclude by asking what kind of life is possible in these waters. The articles in this issue agree on the potency of the ANZC to contribute to the making of productive, socially engaged and culturally aware citizens. We ask further as to what forms of knowledges, identities and subject positions are made available for students and educators in the curriculum.

year: 2021