title: Characterisation and applications of marine derived calcium phosphates and carbonates

authors: Mackintosh, Liam Jack

abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterise extensively, and process fishbone derived and shellfish mineral powders, followed by the investigation of potential applications for these materials. A variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and analytical techniques were used in this study, including FT-IR, SS-NMR, pXRD, SEM, ICP-MS, and laser diffraction particle sizing. These techniques enabled tracking of changes in the chemical and physical nature of the materials as a function of processing techniques. The potential applications covered in this study were the investigation of the immobilisation of the enzyme malL to bone materials with the aid of a coupling reagent, as well as investigations into the removal of various ionic species from aqueous water samples.
Differences in the mineral components of the materials between species were insignificant. Slight variations were found in the organic component of the bone materials, however these were most likely due to varying levels of oils remaining in the materials after processing by Plant and Food, Nelson, as the organic matter was found to be primarily composed of collagen in all species.
Thermally treating the bone samples to 800 oC was found to be the most effective and reliable method for removing the organic content from the bone materials. Synthetic HAp powders were successfully produced through the digestion and reprecipitation of bone-derived materials and an optimum method to produce these powders was devised.
Promising yet unexpected results were found in the enzyme immobilisation studies, results suggest that there is the potential for some enzymes to be bound to the bone materials, however more thorough investigations are required to understand the complex system. Promising results were also found from the adsorption experiments involving ionic species. The species trialled were Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Sr²⁺, AsO₄³⁻ and F⁻. Bone materials heated to 500 oC were consistently the most effective material for adsorption of the divalent metal cation species trialled. Adsorptions between this material and the divalent nickel and cadmium ions were found to follow pseudo second order kinetics, with Langmuir type isotherm behaviour. Fluoride adsorptions were also found to have a Langmuir type isotherm however the adsorption kinetics of this system were not investigated.
Overall the results from this study outline a few potential applications, which if investigated and developed further could add significant value to materials which are currently produced in high volumes as waste by-products from the fishing industry in New Zealand.

text: Characterisation and applications of marine derived calcium phosphates and carbonates The purpose of this study was to characterise extensively, and process fishbone derived and shellfish mineral powders, followed by the investigation of potential applications for these materials. A variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and analytical techniques were used in this study, including FT-IR, SS-NMR, pXRD, SEM, ICP-MS, and laser diffraction particle sizing. These techniques enabled tracking of changes in the chemical and physical nature of the materials as a function of processing techniques. The potential applications covered in this study were the investigation of the immobilisation of the enzyme malL to bone materials with the aid of a coupling reagent, as well as investigations into the removal of various ionic species from aqueous water samples.
Differences in the mineral components of the materials between species were insignificant. Slight variations were found in the organic component of the bone materials, however these were most likely due to varying levels of oils remaining in the materials after processing by Plant and Food, Nelson, as the organic matter was found to be primarily composed of collagen in all species.
Thermally treating the bone samples to 800 oC was found to be the most effective and reliable method for removing the organic content from the bone materials. Synthetic HAp powders were successfully produced through the digestion and reprecipitation of bone-derived materials and an optimum method to produce these powders was devised.
Promising yet unexpected results were found in the enzyme immobilisation studies, results suggest that there is the potential for some enzymes to be bound to the bone materials, however more thorough investigations are required to understand the complex system. Promising results were also found from the adsorption experiments involving ionic species. The species trialled were Ni²⁺, Cd²⁺, Sr²⁺, AsO₄³⁻ and F⁻. Bone materials heated to 500 oC were consistently the most effective material for adsorption of the divalent metal cation species trialled. Adsorptions between this material and the divalent nickel and cadmium ions were found to follow pseudo second order kinetics, with Langmuir type isotherm behaviour. Fluoride adsorptions were also found to have a Langmuir type isotherm however the adsorption kinetics of this system were not investigated.
Overall the results from this study outline a few potential applications, which if investigated and developed further could add significant value to materials which are currently produced in high volumes as waste by-products from the fishing industry in New Zealand.

year: 2018

title: Solastalgia: International Humanitarian Law, Conflict and the Fabric of Life

authors: Alvarez-Jimenez, Alberto

subjects: Dance

abstract: Solastalgia: Conflict and the Fabric of Life was a transdisciplinary project, engaging academics and artists from the fields of law and arts (dance, visual arts, photography and painting). The project evolved over five years, utilising a variety of research activities and methods of investigation, with embodied experience at the heart of the research. As the research progressed, the pivot point became the investigation of the concept of solastalgia – the civilian experience of pain and distress caused by destruction of home and home environments. This research project grew from our curiosity concerning how embodied investigation of international humanitarian law might inform our understanding of civilian experiences in armed conflict, particularly considering the legal principles of distinction and proportionality. Drawing from the perspectives of the academic disciplines involved, this article outlines the evolution of the project. It documents and expresses the transdisciplinary methods the researchers and artists engaged with.

text: Solastalgia: International Humanitarian Law, Conflict and the Fabric of Life Solastalgia: Conflict and the Fabric of Life was a transdisciplinary project, engaging academics and artists from the fields of law and arts (dance, visual arts, photography and painting). The project evolved over five years, utilising a variety of research activities and methods of investigation, with embodied experience at the heart of the research. As the research progressed, the pivot point became the investigation of the concept of solastalgia – the civilian experience of pain and distress caused by destruction of home and home environments. This research project grew from our curiosity concerning how embodied investigation of international humanitarian law might inform our understanding of civilian experiences in armed conflict, particularly considering the legal principles of distinction and proportionality. Drawing from the perspectives of the academic disciplines involved, this article outlines the evolution of the project. It documents and expresses the transdisciplinary methods the researchers and artists engaged with.

year: 2026-03-25

title: The cost of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes

authors: Champion, Paul

abstract: We will present information on the costs of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua, Te Arawa Lakes and thank all of the people who have willingly given us their estimated costs. Hopefully, this provides guidance on what current activities cost and what future scenarios might be feasible.

text: The cost of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes We will present information on the costs of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua, Te Arawa Lakes and thank all of the people who have willingly given us their estimated costs. Hopefully, this provides guidance on what current activities cost and what future scenarios might be feasible.

year: 2017