title: Analysis of market entry strategies by New Zealand companies doing business with Taiwan

authors: Chung, Henry (Fuan-Lin)

abstract: Many issues need to be considered when firms decide to internationalise their operations. One key issue is to decide the best way to service a particular foreign market. Because of its central role in international operations, entry mode is described as a “frontier issue”. The choice of market entry mode is considered as one of the most critical decisions facing international firms because it has a decisive impact on the success of a firm’s international operations.

Findings on New Zealand firms’ choice of market entry modes are either incomplete or far from comprehensive. This study is designed to examine the choice of market entry mode of New Zealand companies conducting business with Taiwan. Unlike previous research, this study is the first of its type to include international distribution system and business system theories as part of the market entry mode choice framework.

This study, by examining selected factors influencing the choice of market entry mode of 124 New Zealand firms conducting business with Taiwan, had generated a number of interesting findings. Empirical results suggested that the choice of market entry modes was significantly influenced by the host market’s business system, product type, ownership of the company, market size of the industry, market portfolio, international business experience, and host market retailing system. Immigrant links also proved to be a factor influencing a firm’s choice of market entry mode. Firms established by immigrants originating from the host country did not follow the traditional incremental internationalisation theory. Factors such as firm size, before-after sales service, product differentiation, competitors’ choice, home market position, and market potential of the industry were not found to be related to firms’ choice of market entry mode behaviour.

The key statistical analysis tool employed in the study was binary logistic regression analysis. As a result of the logistic regression analysis testing, a research framework on which future inquiries might be based was established.

text: Analysis of market entry strategies by New Zealand companies doing business with Taiwan Many issues need to be considered when firms decide to internationalise their operations. One key issue is to decide the best way to service a particular foreign market. Because of its central role in international operations, entry mode is described as a “frontier issue”. The choice of market entry mode is considered as one of the most critical decisions facing international firms because it has a decisive impact on the success of a firm’s international operations.

Findings on New Zealand firms’ choice of market entry modes are either incomplete or far from comprehensive. This study is designed to examine the choice of market entry mode of New Zealand companies conducting business with Taiwan. Unlike previous research, this study is the first of its type to include international distribution system and business system theories as part of the market entry mode choice framework.

This study, by examining selected factors influencing the choice of market entry mode of 124 New Zealand firms conducting business with Taiwan, had generated a number of interesting findings. Empirical results suggested that the choice of market entry modes was significantly influenced by the host market’s business system, product type, ownership of the company, market size of the industry, market portfolio, international business experience, and host market retailing system. Immigrant links also proved to be a factor influencing a firm’s choice of market entry mode. Firms established by immigrants originating from the host country did not follow the traditional incremental internationalisation theory. Factors such as firm size, before-after sales service, product differentiation, competitors’ choice, home market position, and market potential of the industry were not found to be related to firms’ choice of market entry mode behaviour.

The key statistical analysis tool employed in the study was binary logistic regression analysis. As a result of the logistic regression analysis testing, a research framework on which future inquiries might be based was established.

year: 1999

title: Caldolase, a chelator-insensitive extracellular serine proteinase from a Thermus spp.

authors: Saravani, G.A.

subjects: biology

abstract: An extracellular alkaline serine proteinase from Thermus strain ToK3 was isolated and purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and QAE-Sephadex, affinity chromatography on N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanyl-triethylenetetraminyl-Sepha rose 4B and gel-filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme had a pI of 8.9 and an Mr determined by gel-permeation chromatography of 25,000. The specific activity was about 37,700 proteolytic units/mg with casein as substrate, and the pH optimum was 9.5. Proteolytic activity was inhibited by low concentrations of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, but was unaffected by EDTA, EGTA, o-phenanthroline, N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulphonate, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysylchloromethane, trypsin inhibitors and pepstatin A. The enzyme contained approx. 10% carbohydrate and four disulphide bonds. No Ca2+, Zn2+ or free thiol groups were detected. It hydrolysed several native and dye-linked proteins and synthetic chromogenic peptides and esters. The enzyme was very thermostable (half-life values were 840 min at 80 degrees C, 45 min at 90 degrees C and 5 min at 100 degrees C). The enzyme was unstable at low ionic strength: after 60 min at 75 degrees C in 0.1 M-Tris/acetate buffer, pH 8, only 20% activity remained, compared with no loss in 0.1 M-Tris/acetate buffer, pH 8, containing 0.4 M-NaCl.

text: Caldolase, a chelator-insensitive extracellular serine proteinase from a Thermus spp. An extracellular alkaline serine proteinase from Thermus strain ToK3 was isolated and purified to homogeneity by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and QAE-Sephadex, affinity chromatography on N alpha-benzyloxycarbonyl-D-phenylalanyl-triethylenetetraminyl-Sepha rose 4B and gel-filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. The purified enzyme had a pI of 8.9 and an Mr determined by gel-permeation chromatography of 25,000. The specific activity was about 37,700 proteolytic units/mg with casein as substrate, and the pH optimum was 9.5. Proteolytic activity was inhibited by low concentrations of di-isopropyl phosphorofluoridate and phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride, but was unaffected by EDTA, EGTA, o-phenanthroline, N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulphonate, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanylchloromethane, N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysylchloromethane, trypsin inhibitors and pepstatin A. The enzyme contained approx. 10% carbohydrate and four disulphide bonds. No Ca2+, Zn2+ or free thiol groups were detected. It hydrolysed several native and dye-linked proteins and synthetic chromogenic peptides and esters. The enzyme was very thermostable (half-life values were 840 min at 80 degrees C, 45 min at 90 degrees C and 5 min at 100 degrees C). The enzyme was unstable at low ionic strength: after 60 min at 75 degrees C in 0.1 M-Tris/acetate buffer, pH 8, only 20% activity remained, compared with no loss in 0.1 M-Tris/acetate buffer, pH 8, containing 0.4 M-NaCl.

year: 1989

title: Te Aka Roa o Te Oranga, the far reaching vines of wellness: The development of a framework to evaluate alcohol and drug treatment for Māori

authors: Robertson, Paul

subjects: Maori

abstract: The impact of alcohol and other drug
problems for Māori is well documented.
Substance use has been implicated in a
range of physical and mental health
problems, and a variety of negative social
statistics such as high rates of imprisonment. To date there has been
little systematic documentation of treatment
practices, and limited operationalisation of
Māori health frameworks. The evaluation
of the outcomes of alcohol and other drug
treatments is an area in which there is a
paucity of documentation, in terms of
methods and frameworks for evaluation,
and actual data. Te Aka Roa O Te Oranga (TAROTO)
was developed from a range of projects
undertaken by the National Addiction
Centre. The TARATO evaluation framework
embraces a holistic perspective: developed
to examine the interaction between the
client, whānau, practitioner, and
service/organisation. The aim of the
framework is to clarify the complex
relationships and interactions between
stakeholders within the context of
treatment. It will also help to elucidate the
strengths and weaknesses of individual
services. Within this framework, a range of
indicators and outcomes of “successful
treatment” will be explored. The current project is the first phase of
a broader project that will make a
significant contribution to improvements in
Māori health via further developing
effective treatments of alcohol and other
drug related problems.

text: Te Aka Roa o Te Oranga, the far reaching vines of wellness: The development of a framework to evaluate alcohol and drug treatment for Māori The impact of alcohol and other drug
problems for Māori is well documented.
Substance use has been implicated in a
range of physical and mental health
problems, and a variety of negative social
statistics such as high rates of imprisonment. To date there has been
little systematic documentation of treatment
practices, and limited operationalisation of
Māori health frameworks. The evaluation
of the outcomes of alcohol and other drug
treatments is an area in which there is a
paucity of documentation, in terms of
methods and frameworks for evaluation,
and actual data. Te Aka Roa O Te Oranga (TAROTO)
was developed from a range of projects
undertaken by the National Addiction
Centre. The TARATO evaluation framework
embraces a holistic perspective: developed
to examine the interaction between the
client, whānau, practitioner, and
service/organisation. The aim of the
framework is to clarify the complex
relationships and interactions between
stakeholders within the context of
treatment. It will also help to elucidate the
strengths and weaknesses of individual
services. Within this framework, a range of
indicators and outcomes of “successful
treatment” will be explored. The current project is the first phase of
a broader project that will make a
significant contribution to improvements in
Māori health via further developing
effective treatments of alcohol and other
drug related problems.

year: 2003