title: They're not doing bad for their age: ageing, leisure and active living.

authors: Grant, Bevan C.

subjects: education

abstract: The article focuses on the life of elderly people. The majority of older people are fit and well, live independently and are actively engaged in their community. However, the time has come to view ageing in a more constructive way and in so doing liberate people in their last 10, 20 or 30 years of life from the negative effects of the labels--ageing, aged and old. In addition to personal characteristics, the positive ageing experience is also influenced by the way older people themselves interact with and negotiate the many forces in relationships, stereotypes and prejudices, economic conditions, social and cultural expectations, living arrangements and job opportunities. The evidence suggests that these forces take on greater significance with age because related inequalities experienced in earlier life tend to be accentuated in the later years , particularly for women.

text: They're not doing bad for their age: ageing, leisure and active living. The article focuses on the life of elderly people. The majority of older people are fit and well, live independently and are actively engaged in their community. However, the time has come to view ageing in a more constructive way and in so doing liberate people in their last 10, 20 or 30 years of life from the negative effects of the labels--ageing, aged and old. In addition to personal characteristics, the positive ageing experience is also influenced by the way older people themselves interact with and negotiate the many forces in relationships, stereotypes and prejudices, economic conditions, social and cultural expectations, living arrangements and job opportunities. The evidence suggests that these forces take on greater significance with age because related inequalities experienced in earlier life tend to be accentuated in the later years , particularly for women.

year: 2004

title: The kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) vine root system: Responses to vine manipulations

authors: Black, Marykate Z.

subjects: root

abstract: The root system is a significant component of whole-plant biomass in kiwifruit vines and is likely to be a considerable carbohydrate sink. Seasonal trends in root growth were investigated to infer seasonal fluctuations in root carbohydrate demand. Root growth peaked in summer and autumn. Observations indicate that peak root demand for carbohydrates occurs when fruit demands are also high. This infers competition between fruit and root growth, disagreeing with observations in other species. Carbohydrate partitioning between fruit and roots was studied in small kiwifruit plants using the tracer 14C. Simultaneous tracer import was observed into fruit and roots. When half the root system was cut off, root system import was reduced. The fruit imported a larger proportion of the available tracer, whilst there was no change in import into the remaining root half. Simultaneous carbohydrate import into fruit and roots demonstrated competition between these sinks. However, increased carbohydrate import into fruit suggests that the fruit has higher priority. The findings of this research suggest that the root system is a more competitive sink in kiwifruit vines than in some other fruit crops.
Trunk girdling and root pruning are used to improve kiwifruit vine productivity. The effects of these practices on vine physiology, and root growth and function were investigated. Girdling reduced photosynthesis, with reductions attributed to stomatal limitation and feedback inhibition. Repeat annual girdling reduced root biomass by approximately 59%. Root growth rates were not affected, however, girdled vines produced less root tips. This suggests that new root production is more of a carbon expense than root extension. Root pruning reduced whole-vine hydraulic conductance. As treatment severity increased, reduced photosynthesis was evident, attributed to reduced sink demand. Roots in other species have demonstrated rapid changes in hydraulic conductance in response to environmental stresses. Hydraulic conductance in intact roots of kiwifruit vines did not respond when 80% of root biomass was removed. However, sap flow increased to a rate approximately 50% higher than pre-treatment. Kiwifruit roots exhibited hydraulic redundancy, which may be a stress tolerance mechanism.

text: The kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) vine root system: Responses to vine manipulations The root system is a significant component of whole-plant biomass in kiwifruit vines and is likely to be a considerable carbohydrate sink. Seasonal trends in root growth were investigated to infer seasonal fluctuations in root carbohydrate demand. Root growth peaked in summer and autumn. Observations indicate that peak root demand for carbohydrates occurs when fruit demands are also high. This infers competition between fruit and root growth, disagreeing with observations in other species. Carbohydrate partitioning between fruit and roots was studied in small kiwifruit plants using the tracer 14C. Simultaneous tracer import was observed into fruit and roots. When half the root system was cut off, root system import was reduced. The fruit imported a larger proportion of the available tracer, whilst there was no change in import into the remaining root half. Simultaneous carbohydrate import into fruit and roots demonstrated competition between these sinks. However, increased carbohydrate import into fruit suggests that the fruit has higher priority. The findings of this research suggest that the root system is a more competitive sink in kiwifruit vines than in some other fruit crops.
Trunk girdling and root pruning are used to improve kiwifruit vine productivity. The effects of these practices on vine physiology, and root growth and function were investigated. Girdling reduced photosynthesis, with reductions attributed to stomatal limitation and feedback inhibition. Repeat annual girdling reduced root biomass by approximately 59%. Root growth rates were not affected, however, girdled vines produced less root tips. This suggests that new root production is more of a carbon expense than root extension. Root pruning reduced whole-vine hydraulic conductance. As treatment severity increased, reduced photosynthesis was evident, attributed to reduced sink demand. Roots in other species have demonstrated rapid changes in hydraulic conductance in response to environmental stresses. Hydraulic conductance in intact roots of kiwifruit vines did not respond when 80% of root biomass was removed. However, sap flow increased to a rate approximately 50% higher than pre-treatment. Kiwifruit roots exhibited hydraulic redundancy, which may be a stress tolerance mechanism.

year: 2012

title: Ngā maihi o Te Whare Hukahuka, ngā maihi o Te Whare o Ruamano: Te whare kōrero o ngā maihi o Tuteao

authors: Hona, Hakahaka Charlie Barlow

subjects: Tuteao

abstract: Ko Pūtauaki te maunga
Ko Rangitāiki te awa
Ko Hekerangi te papa whenua
Ko Tuteao te marae
Ko Ngā Maihi te hapū
Ko Ngāti Awa te iwi
Ko Mataatua te waka
Tihe mauri-ora
Ko tōku kāwai rangatira tēnei. E mōhio ai te tangata ko wai ahau; nō hea ahau, nā wai hoki ahau. Ā, nā whai anō taku urupounamu, ko wai a Ngā Maihi o Tuteao? E mea ana ngā pākeke, he iwi tawhito a Ngā Maihi i heke mai i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tangaroa, o Pōtiki, o Mahutapoanui, o Toroa, o Tuteao. Hēoi, kua kore e rangona ōna kōrero i runga marae ātea. Kua kore e wānangahia i roto i te poho o te whare o Tuteao. Kua ngū ngā poupou o te whare kōrero. Ka mutu, i roto i ngā tau tata nei kua riro tītapu ngā puna o te kī, ngā whītiki o te kupu, o te hapū; kua kore e rangona ngā kōrero o Ngā Maihi i runga marae ātea. Ko te haumate o te reo i runga o Tuteao tētahi take i pēnei ai. Nō reira, kai te imu te ruhi, kai te imu te ngēngē. E noho pōhara ana a Ngā Maihi ki ngā tāonga o tōna whare kōrero. Hei te tau 2027, ka whakanuia te rautau o te whare tīpuna a Tuteao, ā i tēnei tau tonu 2022, e whai whakaaro ana te hapū ki taua kaupapa otirā ki te hanga whare tīpuna hou; he whare kaitā e uru ai te tokomaha. Nō reira, e whakaaro ana hoki ki ngā kōrero ka whakairohia ki ngā pakitara o te whare. I tēnei tau hoki kua mana te whakaako i ngā kōrero hītori o te Māori i roto i ngā kura, nō reira he aha rā ngā kōrero e wātea ana ki ngā tamariki o ngā kura e pā ana ki a Ngā Maihi? He maramara, he kongakonga, he putunga kōrero e noho marara ana i ngā wāhi tūmatanui. He uaua te kitea o ētahi atu, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti, pēnei i te Kōti Whenua Māori, i ngā tuhinga ā-whānau, kei ngā pukapuka wānanga o te marae. Nō reira, he uaua te kite atu i tōna whānuitanga, i tōna hohonutanga. Tīmata ake i ngā kohinga kōrero o te hapū tonu o Ngā Maihi, i ōna kaumātua, i ōna wānanga, i ōna whānau. I tua atu i wā te whare pukapuka, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti ētahi putunga kōrero hei ō mo te whare kōrero o Ngā Maihi o Tuteao. Ka mutu, kei ngā waiata, ngā haka, ngā mōteatea. Kai ngā kōrero hoki o iwi kē, e pā ana ki wō mātou tīpuna. I reira i tōtō mai i te kōrero.

text: Ngā maihi o Te Whare Hukahuka, ngā maihi o Te Whare o Ruamano: Te whare kōrero o ngā maihi o Tuteao Ko Pūtauaki te maunga
Ko Rangitāiki te awa
Ko Hekerangi te papa whenua
Ko Tuteao te marae
Ko Ngā Maihi te hapū
Ko Ngāti Awa te iwi
Ko Mataatua te waka
Tihe mauri-ora
Ko tōku kāwai rangatira tēnei. E mōhio ai te tangata ko wai ahau; nō hea ahau, nā wai hoki ahau. Ā, nā whai anō taku urupounamu, ko wai a Ngā Maihi o Tuteao? E mea ana ngā pākeke, he iwi tawhito a Ngā Maihi i heke mai i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tangaroa, o Pōtiki, o Mahutapoanui, o Toroa, o Tuteao. Hēoi, kua kore e rangona ōna kōrero i runga marae ātea. Kua kore e wānangahia i roto i te poho o te whare o Tuteao. Kua ngū ngā poupou o te whare kōrero. Ka mutu, i roto i ngā tau tata nei kua riro tītapu ngā puna o te kī, ngā whītiki o te kupu, o te hapū; kua kore e rangona ngā kōrero o Ngā Maihi i runga marae ātea. Ko te haumate o te reo i runga o Tuteao tētahi take i pēnei ai. Nō reira, kai te imu te ruhi, kai te imu te ngēngē. E noho pōhara ana a Ngā Maihi ki ngā tāonga o tōna whare kōrero. Hei te tau 2027, ka whakanuia te rautau o te whare tīpuna a Tuteao, ā i tēnei tau tonu 2022, e whai whakaaro ana te hapū ki taua kaupapa otirā ki te hanga whare tīpuna hou; he whare kaitā e uru ai te tokomaha. Nō reira, e whakaaro ana hoki ki ngā kōrero ka whakairohia ki ngā pakitara o te whare. I tēnei tau hoki kua mana te whakaako i ngā kōrero hītori o te Māori i roto i ngā kura, nō reira he aha rā ngā kōrero e wātea ana ki ngā tamariki o ngā kura e pā ana ki a Ngā Maihi? He maramara, he kongakonga, he putunga kōrero e noho marara ana i ngā wāhi tūmatanui. He uaua te kitea o ētahi atu, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti, pēnei i te Kōti Whenua Māori, i ngā tuhinga ā-whānau, kei ngā pukapuka wānanga o te marae. Nō reira, he uaua te kite atu i tōna whānuitanga, i tōna hohonutanga. Tīmata ake i ngā kohinga kōrero o te hapū tonu o Ngā Maihi, i ōna kaumātua, i ōna wānanga, i ōna whānau. I tua atu i wā te whare pukapuka, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti ētahi putunga kōrero hei ō mo te whare kōrero o Ngā Maihi o Tuteao. Ka mutu, kei ngā waiata, ngā haka, ngā mōteatea. Kai ngā kōrero hoki o iwi kē, e pā ana ki wō mātou tīpuna. I reira i tōtō mai i te kōrero.

year: 2022