title: Effect of combined lean additions of isomorphous and eutectoid beta stabilisers on the properties of titanium

authors: Bolzoni, Leandro

abstract: Reduction of the manufacturing cost of titanium and the development of new alloys are crucial to effectively harvest the benefits derived by the use of titanium in industrial applications. Therefore, we considered the creation of new Ti-2X-2Z alloys via the combined lean additions of isomorphous (i.e. Nb) and eutectoid (i.e. Cu, Mn, and Fe) beta stabilisers, and systematically analysed their effect on the manufacturability and mechanical response of titanium produced via powder metallurgy. It is found that the addition of the alloying elements reduces the compressibility of the powder blend but enhances the densification. The microstructure of titanium is transformed into a Widmanst€atten structure composed of a grain boundaries and aþb lamellae where the stronger the beta stabilisers the more refined the microstructural features, and no intermetallic phases are precipitated despite the use of eutectoid stabilisers. Consequently, the combined addition of isomorphous and eutectoid beta stabilisers has a significant effect on the mechanical response with the material becoming stronger, harder and less tough with the increment of the potency of the added beta stabilisers; however, the Ti-2X-2Z alloys share similar strengthening mechanisms. A more accurate theoretical equation for developing titanium alloys through the molybdenum equivalent parameter should be developed

text: Effect of combined lean additions of isomorphous and eutectoid beta stabilisers on the properties of titanium Reduction of the manufacturing cost of titanium and the development of new alloys are crucial to effectively harvest the benefits derived by the use of titanium in industrial applications. Therefore, we considered the creation of new Ti-2X-2Z alloys via the combined lean additions of isomorphous (i.e. Nb) and eutectoid (i.e. Cu, Mn, and Fe) beta stabilisers, and systematically analysed their effect on the manufacturability and mechanical response of titanium produced via powder metallurgy. It is found that the addition of the alloying elements reduces the compressibility of the powder blend but enhances the densification. The microstructure of titanium is transformed into a Widmanst€atten structure composed of a grain boundaries and aþb lamellae where the stronger the beta stabilisers the more refined the microstructural features, and no intermetallic phases are precipitated despite the use of eutectoid stabilisers. Consequently, the combined addition of isomorphous and eutectoid beta stabilisers has a significant effect on the mechanical response with the material becoming stronger, harder and less tough with the increment of the potency of the added beta stabilisers; however, the Ti-2X-2Z alloys share similar strengthening mechanisms. A more accurate theoretical equation for developing titanium alloys through the molybdenum equivalent parameter should be developed

year: 2022-11

title: "His brain was wrong, his mind astray":  Families and the language of insanity in New South Wales, Queensland, and New Zealand, 1880s-1910

authors: Coleborne, Catharine

subjects: families

abstract: Family and friends made descriptions of the behavior of individuals at the time of their committal to institutions for the insane in Australasian colonies, including Gladesville Hospital for the Insane, Sydney, New South Wales; Goodna Hospital for the Insane, near Brisbane in Queensland; and the Auckland Mental Hospital in New Zealand's North Island, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These lay descriptions of insanity, gleaned from those close to patients by doctors during initial interviews at the stage of asylum committal, eventually became marginal notes in clinical patient cases. This article seeks to understand this interplay between lay descriptions by family and friends and the asylum's use of these descriptions in its profiling and diagnosis of patients. It argues that patient case notes should be reexamined as rich sources of information about families, households, and, most importantly, the language used by ordinary people to describe mental states.

text: "His brain was wrong, his mind astray":  Families and the language of insanity in New South Wales, Queensland, and New Zealand, 1880s-1910 Family and friends made descriptions of the behavior of individuals at the time of their committal to institutions for the insane in Australasian colonies, including Gladesville Hospital for the Insane, Sydney, New South Wales; Goodna Hospital for the Insane, near Brisbane in Queensland; and the Auckland Mental Hospital in New Zealand's North Island, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. These lay descriptions of insanity, gleaned from those close to patients by doctors during initial interviews at the stage of asylum committal, eventually became marginal notes in clinical patient cases. This article seeks to understand this interplay between lay descriptions by family and friends and the asylum's use of these descriptions in its profiling and diagnosis of patients. It argues that patient case notes should be reexamined as rich sources of information about families, households, and, most importantly, the language used by ordinary people to describe mental states.

year: 2006-01-01

title: An examination of DHB climate change policy and implementation: Responsiveness to Māori health

authors: Powell, Elisha

abstract: The impacts of climate change have become increasingly evident throughout the world and in Aotearoa. Frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as flooding, coastal erosion, wildfires, and droughts are notably increasing. Climate-related disasters have devastating effects on human health, as is well documented in literature. These effects include cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health, food insecurity and water borne disease. 

Due to pre-existing health disparities, Māori are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change. Further, Māori have unique relationships with whenua wherein destruction of the natural environment will have a negative impact on the health of Māori people and communities. The health sector has an obligation to respond to Māori health in a way that honours Māori relationships with the environment and prioritises equitable health outcomes for Māori in climate change policy. 

Although Māori face potentially severe health impacts due to climate change, there is limited literature that considers health sector climate change policy and its responsiveness to Māori health. In an effort to address this gap in literature, this thesis aims to examine whether there is existing District Health Board (DHB) policy focused on implementing institutional responses to climate change. Further, this research seeks to understand the extent to which any identified DHB climate change policy responds to Māori health. 

At the time of study, DHBs were responsible for providing and funding health services throughout Aotearoa. During the late stages of this research, the health sector underwent reform, and two health authorities have replaced DHBs. The implications of this research have important ramifications within the newly established health authorities. A dedicated Māori health authority will provide the health sector with the chance to advance health equity by acting on holistic understandings of health for Māori. These actions would establish health policy that recognises Māori health as fundamentally linked to the environment and therefore uniquely impacted by climate change. 

To achieve the aims of this thesis, two research methods were implemented. Initially, an environmental scan of 17 DHB websites was completed to identify climate change and Māori health policies. This was followed by qualitative interviews with three DHB staff from diverse localities. Additionally, tāngata whenua interviews from the wider research project named Haumanu Hauora, were analysed to ensure Māori understandings of climate change were included in this research (Masters-Awatere et al., 2022). 

Research findings provide insights that point to highly fragmented climate change policies across the health sector. There is a glaring lack of direction in the health sector's response to climate change throughout existing policy. Māori health policies were in place across all DHBs, however, lacked recognition of the interconnection between Māori health and the natural environment, and therefore the impacts of climate change. 

Although policy was fragmented across regions, there is potential to enhance both climate change and Māori health policies by recognising the interconnected nature of Māori health and climate change. This will necessitate a significant change in the health systems policy response to climate change that prioritises mātauranga Māori and addresses the ongoing impacts of colonisation.

text: An examination of DHB climate change policy and implementation: Responsiveness to Māori health The impacts of climate change have become increasingly evident throughout the world and in Aotearoa. Frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as flooding, coastal erosion, wildfires, and droughts are notably increasing. Climate-related disasters have devastating effects on human health, as is well documented in literature. These effects include cardiovascular disease, poorer mental health, food insecurity and water borne disease. 

Due to pre-existing health disparities, Māori are particularly vulnerable to the health impacts of climate change. Further, Māori have unique relationships with whenua wherein destruction of the natural environment will have a negative impact on the health of Māori people and communities. The health sector has an obligation to respond to Māori health in a way that honours Māori relationships with the environment and prioritises equitable health outcomes for Māori in climate change policy. 

Although Māori face potentially severe health impacts due to climate change, there is limited literature that considers health sector climate change policy and its responsiveness to Māori health. In an effort to address this gap in literature, this thesis aims to examine whether there is existing District Health Board (DHB) policy focused on implementing institutional responses to climate change. Further, this research seeks to understand the extent to which any identified DHB climate change policy responds to Māori health. 

At the time of study, DHBs were responsible for providing and funding health services throughout Aotearoa. During the late stages of this research, the health sector underwent reform, and two health authorities have replaced DHBs. The implications of this research have important ramifications within the newly established health authorities. A dedicated Māori health authority will provide the health sector with the chance to advance health equity by acting on holistic understandings of health for Māori. These actions would establish health policy that recognises Māori health as fundamentally linked to the environment and therefore uniquely impacted by climate change. 

To achieve the aims of this thesis, two research methods were implemented. Initially, an environmental scan of 17 DHB websites was completed to identify climate change and Māori health policies. This was followed by qualitative interviews with three DHB staff from diverse localities. Additionally, tāngata whenua interviews from the wider research project named Haumanu Hauora, were analysed to ensure Māori understandings of climate change were included in this research (Masters-Awatere et al., 2022). 

Research findings provide insights that point to highly fragmented climate change policies across the health sector. There is a glaring lack of direction in the health sector's response to climate change throughout existing policy. Māori health policies were in place across all DHBs, however, lacked recognition of the interconnection between Māori health and the natural environment, and therefore the impacts of climate change. 

Although policy was fragmented across regions, there is potential to enhance both climate change and Māori health policies by recognising the interconnected nature of Māori health and climate change. This will necessitate a significant change in the health systems policy response to climate change that prioritises mātauranga Māori and addresses the ongoing impacts of colonisation.

year: 2025