title: Elucidating the sugar import pathway into developing kiwifruit berries (Actinidia deliciosa)

authors: Gould, Nick

subjects: carbon-14

abstract: The aim of this work was to investigate the roles of the apoplasmic and symplasmic pathways in the delivery of solutes to the outer pericarp of developing green-fleshed kiwifruit berries (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’). Experiments with the symplasmic tracer 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) showed symplasmic movement of dye during the initial rapid growth stage of the fruit, but as fruit growth slowed and starch content increased, a reduction in symplasmic spread of CF was observed (+126 DAA [days after anthesis]). Measurements of sugar uptake rates from the apoplasm were sufficient to account for the dry matter accumulation in growing fruit at each stage of fruit growth, and could potentially operate alongside a symplasmic pathway for post-phloem unloading of sugars during the rapid growth period. Energy requirements driving uptake from the apoplasm appear to depend on the sugar concentration gradients across the cell membrane throughout fruit development. Together, these data suggest: 1) the post-phloem symplasmic pathway is important during the fruit rapid growth stage, 2) the uptake of sugars from the apoplasm has a role in the transport of carbohydrates in the fruit, especially later in fruit development when the symplasmic pathway is reduced, and 3) apoplasmic sugar has an important role in the flow of water into the apoplasm of the fruit, providing a mechanism to maintain hydrostatic pressure gradients along the phloem supplying the fruit.

text: Elucidating the sugar import pathway into developing kiwifruit berries (Actinidia deliciosa) The aim of this work was to investigate the roles of the apoplasmic and symplasmic pathways in the delivery of solutes to the outer pericarp of developing green-fleshed kiwifruit berries (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’). Experiments with the symplasmic tracer 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF) showed symplasmic movement of dye during the initial rapid growth stage of the fruit, but as fruit growth slowed and starch content increased, a reduction in symplasmic spread of CF was observed (+126 DAA [days after anthesis]). Measurements of sugar uptake rates from the apoplasm were sufficient to account for the dry matter accumulation in growing fruit at each stage of fruit growth, and could potentially operate alongside a symplasmic pathway for post-phloem unloading of sugars during the rapid growth period. Energy requirements driving uptake from the apoplasm appear to depend on the sugar concentration gradients across the cell membrane throughout fruit development. Together, these data suggest: 1) the post-phloem symplasmic pathway is important during the fruit rapid growth stage, 2) the uptake of sugars from the apoplasm has a role in the transport of carbohydrates in the fruit, especially later in fruit development when the symplasmic pathway is reduced, and 3) apoplasmic sugar has an important role in the flow of water into the apoplasm of the fruit, providing a mechanism to maintain hydrostatic pressure gradients along the phloem supplying the fruit.

year: 2013

title: Geotechnical Offshore Seabed Tool (GOST): CPTu measurements and operations in New Zealand.

authors: Jorat, M.E.

abstract: The Geotechnical Offshore Seabed Tool (GOST) was used in three field campaigns in on-and offshore areas in Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Offshore measurements were performed along the main shipping channel in the Tauranga Harbor and onshore measurements were conducted at the locations of two landslides at Pyes Pa and Omokoroa. From each of these sites a sample static CPTu profile is described and reviewed. Additionally, a vibratory CPTu from the Pyes Pa landslide is presented. The CPTu results were used for subsurface sediments investigations at the tested locations.

text: Geotechnical Offshore Seabed Tool (GOST): CPTu measurements and operations in New Zealand. The Geotechnical Offshore Seabed Tool (GOST) was used in three field campaigns in on-and offshore areas in Tauranga, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. Offshore measurements were performed along the main shipping channel in the Tauranga Harbor and onshore measurements were conducted at the locations of two landslides at Pyes Pa and Omokoroa. From each of these sites a sample static CPTu profile is described and reviewed. Additionally, a vibratory CPTu from the Pyes Pa landslide is presented. The CPTu results were used for subsurface sediments investigations at the tested locations.

year: 2014

title: Reflections on relationship-building between tangata whenua and local government: Notes from research and practice

authors: Neill, Beth

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: In this paper, the author takes a reflective look at two areas: the preliminary discussions and fieldwork they undertook to set up a collaborative doctoral research project exploring relationship-building between
tangata whenua and local government (regional and district councils); and their
practice as a community psychologist within local government, advising on social
research and community participation in a number of environmental management
projects.

text: Reflections on relationship-building between tangata whenua and local government: Notes from research and practice In this paper, the author takes a reflective look at two areas: the preliminary discussions and fieldwork they undertook to set up a collaborative doctoral research project exploring relationship-building between
tangata whenua and local government (regional and district councils); and their
practice as a community psychologist within local government, advising on social
research and community participation in a number of environmental management
projects.

year: 2003-06