title: ‘It’s how the world around you treats you for being trans’: mental health and wellbeing of transgender people in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Tan, Kyle K. H.

abstract: Globally, transgender people have been described as a highly marginalised population due to cisgenderism that delegitimises their gender identities and expressions. Despite robust evidence from many countries noting the association of discrimination and stigma for being transgender with heightened mental health risks, qualitative research that examines the nuances of mental health indicators using health equity frameworks has been scant both in Aotearoa/New Zealand and overseas. Using an inductive thematic approach, this paper analysed 222 open-text responses in the mental health section of the 2018 Counting Ourselves: Aotearoa New Zealand, Trans and Non-binary Health Survey. Our findings showed four overarching themes: gender-affirming healthcare, mental healthcare services and accessibility, gender minority stress, and self-affirmation and social support. Participants’ narratives described pervasive gender minority stress experiences in gender-affirming and mental healthcare services, including unmet healthcare needs, lack of competency in healthcare delivery, and pathologisation of their genders. In social settings, our participants commonly reported discrimination and violence, although they also reported that self-affirmation strategies and social support offset the impacts of gender minority stress on their mental health. The current findings indicate the importance of exploring mental health outcomes for transgender people in relation to cisgenderism and resultant gender minority stress.

text: ‘It’s how the world around you treats you for being trans’: mental health and wellbeing of transgender people in Aotearoa New Zealand Globally, transgender people have been described as a highly marginalised population due to cisgenderism that delegitimises their gender identities and expressions. Despite robust evidence from many countries noting the association of discrimination and stigma for being transgender with heightened mental health risks, qualitative research that examines the nuances of mental health indicators using health equity frameworks has been scant both in Aotearoa/New Zealand and overseas. Using an inductive thematic approach, this paper analysed 222 open-text responses in the mental health section of the 2018 Counting Ourselves: Aotearoa New Zealand, Trans and Non-binary Health Survey. Our findings showed four overarching themes: gender-affirming healthcare, mental healthcare services and accessibility, gender minority stress, and self-affirmation and social support. Participants’ narratives described pervasive gender minority stress experiences in gender-affirming and mental healthcare services, including unmet healthcare needs, lack of competency in healthcare delivery, and pathologisation of their genders. In social settings, our participants commonly reported discrimination and violence, although they also reported that self-affirmation strategies and social support offset the impacts of gender minority stress on their mental health. The current findings indicate the importance of exploring mental health outcomes for transgender people in relation to cisgenderism and resultant gender minority stress.

year: 2021

title: The Purification of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Components from an Extreme Thermophile by the Cloning of Enzymes into E. coli

authors: Schofield, L.R.

subjects: biology

abstract: The use of heat treatment to purify enzymes by selective denaturation and then by the subsequent precipitation of denatured protein is a simple, rapid, and well established procedure. Successful applications are limited to those few enzymes that possess a thermostability considerably higher than the majority of cell proteins. The introduction of thermostable enzymes into the protein population of a mesophile by cloning offers a clear opportunity to employ a heat-treatment method of purification to its full advantage (e.g., see references 1 and 2).
In light of the difficulties involved in purifying bacterial cellulases, the cloning of some of the cellulase and hemicellulase genes of Caldocellum saccharolyticum into Escherichia coli has provided a welcome alternative procedure for obtaining pure enzymes.

text: The Purification of Cellulase and Hemicellulase Components from an Extreme Thermophile by the Cloning of Enzymes into E. coli The use of heat treatment to purify enzymes by selective denaturation and then by the subsequent precipitation of denatured protein is a simple, rapid, and well established procedure. Successful applications are limited to those few enzymes that possess a thermostability considerably higher than the majority of cell proteins. The introduction of thermostable enzymes into the protein population of a mesophile by cloning offers a clear opportunity to employ a heat-treatment method of purification to its full advantage (e.g., see references 1 and 2).
In light of the difficulties involved in purifying bacterial cellulases, the cloning of some of the cellulase and hemicellulase genes of Caldocellum saccharolyticum into Escherichia coli has provided a welcome alternative procedure for obtaining pure enzymes.

year: 1988

title: Turangawaewae/ Tu'ungava'e: Echoes of a place to stand and belong

authors: Brown Pulu, Teena J.

subjects: Maori

abstract: This paper examines the ways in which Pacific communities in Auckland are located and conceptualised by others in contrast to the ways in which they locate and conceptualise themselves. In particular, it looks at the ways in which, in the face of homeland fracture and socio-economic marginality, neighbourhoods are being reclaimed as places of belonging-ness, places in which informal alliances among Māori and Pacific groups are being forged. It also explores the problematic, often ambiguous, nature of these alliances.

text: Turangawaewae/ Tu'ungava'e: Echoes of a place to stand and belong This paper examines the ways in which Pacific communities in Auckland are located and conceptualised by others in contrast to the ways in which they locate and conceptualise themselves. In particular, it looks at the ways in which, in the face of homeland fracture and socio-economic marginality, neighbourhoods are being reclaimed as places of belonging-ness, places in which informal alliances among Māori and Pacific groups are being forged. It also explores the problematic, often ambiguous, nature of these alliances.

year: 2002-09