title: Te Kotahitanga Phase 3 School Reform: The impact of a professional development programme within a large, multi-cultural, secondary school in New Zealand.

authors: Cranston, Shirley Ann

subjects: Te Kotahitanga Phase 3

abstract: This thesis examines the impact of Te Kotahitanga on leaders, teachers and Māori students within the context of a large, multi-cultural, secondary school in New Zealand. This school was one of twelve secondary schools invited to join Phase 3 of the Te Kotahitanga Research and Development Project from 2003 to 2010. This initiative aimed to work with teachers and school leaders to improve the engagement and success of Māori students. 
This thesis presents and reflects on qualitative evidence from interviews with the leaders, the Te Kotahitanga facilitation team and teachers in this school. Evidence from the Rongohia te Hau survey and teachers’ classroom walkthroughs provide further qualitative and quantitative evidence.  To observe some of the results of teachers’ work with Māori students, it then discusses Māori students’ Rongohia te Hau survey data and their NCEA results from 2004 – 2010, and post 2010 up to the reactivation of Te Kotahitanga in this school in 2013.
There are three themes that emerged from my findings. The first theme identifies leadership as a key emerging concept and the important role of Rangatira (school leaders) in bringing people together around a common vision. The spread of the programme across the school clearly emerged as the second theme, where this education reform was spread through relationships of whānautanga. Thirdly, the theme of ownership towards sustainability emerged from the findings. Ownership required working as one towards the common unity of purpose (Kotahitanga). The evidence shows that when Te Kotahitanga was fully implemented in this school and it did work during the period of this study and again when Te Kotahitanga was reactivated in 2013. However, although the school had been working on ownership towards sustainability of positive changes, sustainability did not ensue.
This thesis suggests that once a school has established a common vision that is clearly understood by all the leaders and teachers in the school, everyone has to remain committed to that vision. To be successful the moral imperative for any reform towards social justice has to be fully committed to and understood by the leaders of the school and all the teachers.  
This thesis hopes to contribute to the journey other schools might take in their commitment to raising the participation and academic achievement of Māori students.

text: Te Kotahitanga Phase 3 School Reform: The impact of a professional development programme within a large, multi-cultural, secondary school in New Zealand. This thesis examines the impact of Te Kotahitanga on leaders, teachers and Māori students within the context of a large, multi-cultural, secondary school in New Zealand. This school was one of twelve secondary schools invited to join Phase 3 of the Te Kotahitanga Research and Development Project from 2003 to 2010. This initiative aimed to work with teachers and school leaders to improve the engagement and success of Māori students. 
This thesis presents and reflects on qualitative evidence from interviews with the leaders, the Te Kotahitanga facilitation team and teachers in this school. Evidence from the Rongohia te Hau survey and teachers’ classroom walkthroughs provide further qualitative and quantitative evidence.  To observe some of the results of teachers’ work with Māori students, it then discusses Māori students’ Rongohia te Hau survey data and their NCEA results from 2004 – 2010, and post 2010 up to the reactivation of Te Kotahitanga in this school in 2013.
There are three themes that emerged from my findings. The first theme identifies leadership as a key emerging concept and the important role of Rangatira (school leaders) in bringing people together around a common vision. The spread of the programme across the school clearly emerged as the second theme, where this education reform was spread through relationships of whānautanga. Thirdly, the theme of ownership towards sustainability emerged from the findings. Ownership required working as one towards the common unity of purpose (Kotahitanga). The evidence shows that when Te Kotahitanga was fully implemented in this school and it did work during the period of this study and again when Te Kotahitanga was reactivated in 2013. However, although the school had been working on ownership towards sustainability of positive changes, sustainability did not ensue.
This thesis suggests that once a school has established a common vision that is clearly understood by all the leaders and teachers in the school, everyone has to remain committed to that vision. To be successful the moral imperative for any reform towards social justice has to be fully committed to and understood by the leaders of the school and all the teachers.  
This thesis hopes to contribute to the journey other schools might take in their commitment to raising the participation and academic achievement of Māori students.

year: 2018

title: Creating an environment to inform, build, and sustain a Māori health research workforce

authors: Barrett, Nikki Maree

subjects: Kaupapa Māori

abstract: Ensuring the growth and development of the Māori health research workforce is key to achieving health equity for Māori and enabling positive change for all New Zealanders. The purpose of this study was to identify enablers and barriers to research for Māori staff in a large health organisation, and to understand how research is developed and undertaken. A Kaupapa Māori mixed-methods study was undertaken, using an electronic survey comprised of quantitative data and open-ended responses delivered to all Māori staff at the Waikato District Health Board. Following the survey were 10 one on one interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses summarised. A descriptive thematic analysis was undertaken of the interview data. Each of the interview responses was coded and five themes emerged. Frontline Māori staff affirmed their desire to conduct, design, and undertake health research. Challenges to staff included a lack of information on research opportunities, unclear processes for initiating research, and lack of support and resource. The evidence from participants provides insights into Māori health research priorities, considerations for those wanting to undertake research, and solutions for informing, building, and sustaining the Māori health research workforce.

text: Creating an environment to inform, build, and sustain a Māori health research workforce Ensuring the growth and development of the Māori health research workforce is key to achieving health equity for Māori and enabling positive change for all New Zealanders. The purpose of this study was to identify enablers and barriers to research for Māori staff in a large health organisation, and to understand how research is developed and undertaken. A Kaupapa Māori mixed-methods study was undertaken, using an electronic survey comprised of quantitative data and open-ended responses delivered to all Māori staff at the Waikato District Health Board. Following the survey were 10 one on one interviews. Survey data were analysed using descriptive statistics and open-ended responses summarised. A descriptive thematic analysis was undertaken of the interview data. Each of the interview responses was coded and five themes emerged. Frontline Māori staff affirmed their desire to conduct, design, and undertake health research. Challenges to staff included a lack of information on research opportunities, unclear processes for initiating research, and lack of support and resource. The evidence from participants provides insights into Māori health research priorities, considerations for those wanting to undertake research, and solutions for informing, building, and sustaining the Māori health research workforce.

year: 2023

title: Effects of pasture silage on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows

authors: Rogers, Graeme Lindsay

abstract: Factors affecting milk yield and composition were reviewed and it was concluded that feeding level and diet type (notably unwilted pasture silage) may have independent effects on yield and composition of milk.
The objective of this research was to investigate the separate effects of forage type and feeding level on milk yield and composition and to study some of the mechanisms that may effect the efficiency of utilization of DE in these diets for milk synthesis. 

Initially effects on milk yield and composition and nutrient utilization were studied in a series of experiments in which dairy cattle were individually fed in stalls on varying levels of forage diets. Unwilted pasture silage was compared with pasture, wilted silage, formalin treated silage, and unwilted silage supplemented with pasture, maize silage or protein concentrates.
These experiments showed that both level of feeding and the type of forage diet offered to dairy cows can affect milk yield and composition.
Increasing the intake of pasture, increased the yields of milk, fat, protein and lactose, and increased milk protein percentage and decreased milk fat percentage. Similar results were obtained with unwilted silage except that no relationship was found between silage intake and milk protein concentration.

Cows offered unwilted pasture silage produced less milk containing a lower concentration of fat and protein than cows offered pasture at the sane intake of DE. percentage. Neither ration affected milk lactose percentage.
The efficiency of utilization of DE for milk synthesis by cows fed silage was improved by either reducing protein degradation during ensiling, or by providing pasture or protein concentrates as supplements. Maize silage as a supplement had no effect. These studies indicated that the amount of protein entering the duodenum of cows offered unwilted silage was limiting milk protein synthesis.
Subsequently cows were surgically prepared with abomasal cannulae to test this hypothesis. Consistent and significant increases in milk yield, milk protein  concentration and milk protein yield by cows fed unwilted silage were obtained when abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate were given in a series of studies. Further studies showed no responses were obtained with abomasal infusions of glucose which indicated that the response in milk protein synthesis was due to amino acids per se. 

The magnitude of the responses in milk protein synthesis to abomasal infusions of casein were higher for cows offered silage in comparison to those fed pasture at similar intakes of DE. The difference in the responses of the cows on the two rations was due apparently to an inadequate supply of essential amino acids for cows fed silage in comparison with those fed pasture.
Abomasal infusions of L-methionine increased milk yield, milk protein percentage and milk protein yield to the same extent as casein suggesting that methionine might be the major essential amino acid that was limiting milk protein synthesis of cows fed unwilted pasture silage.

text: Effects of pasture silage on yield and composition of milk from dairy cows Factors affecting milk yield and composition were reviewed and it was concluded that feeding level and diet type (notably unwilted pasture silage) may have independent effects on yield and composition of milk.
The objective of this research was to investigate the separate effects of forage type and feeding level on milk yield and composition and to study some of the mechanisms that may effect the efficiency of utilization of DE in these diets for milk synthesis. 

Initially effects on milk yield and composition and nutrient utilization were studied in a series of experiments in which dairy cattle were individually fed in stalls on varying levels of forage diets. Unwilted pasture silage was compared with pasture, wilted silage, formalin treated silage, and unwilted silage supplemented with pasture, maize silage or protein concentrates.
These experiments showed that both level of feeding and the type of forage diet offered to dairy cows can affect milk yield and composition.
Increasing the intake of pasture, increased the yields of milk, fat, protein and lactose, and increased milk protein percentage and decreased milk fat percentage. Similar results were obtained with unwilted silage except that no relationship was found between silage intake and milk protein concentration.

Cows offered unwilted pasture silage produced less milk containing a lower concentration of fat and protein than cows offered pasture at the sane intake of DE. percentage. Neither ration affected milk lactose percentage.
The efficiency of utilization of DE for milk synthesis by cows fed silage was improved by either reducing protein degradation during ensiling, or by providing pasture or protein concentrates as supplements. Maize silage as a supplement had no effect. These studies indicated that the amount of protein entering the duodenum of cows offered unwilted silage was limiting milk protein synthesis.
Subsequently cows were surgically prepared with abomasal cannulae to test this hypothesis. Consistent and significant increases in milk yield, milk protein  concentration and milk protein yield by cows fed unwilted silage were obtained when abomasal infusions of sodium caseinate were given in a series of studies. Further studies showed no responses were obtained with abomasal infusions of glucose which indicated that the response in milk protein synthesis was due to amino acids per se. 

The magnitude of the responses in milk protein synthesis to abomasal infusions of casein were higher for cows offered silage in comparison to those fed pasture at similar intakes of DE. The difference in the responses of the cows on the two rations was due apparently to an inadequate supply of essential amino acids for cows fed silage in comparison with those fed pasture.
Abomasal infusions of L-methionine increased milk yield, milk protein percentage and milk protein yield to the same extent as casein suggesting that methionine might be the major essential amino acid that was limiting milk protein synthesis of cows fed unwilted pasture silage.

year: 1977