title: Some educational implications for spiritual giftedness.

authors: Fraser, Deborah

abstract: In an increasingly secular society, spirituality (rather than religion) is more pervasive than ever before yet the area seems to be amorphous and hotly contested. Even Gardner has declined to commit to spirituality (or more broadly, existentialism), as an intelligence. What therefore, does this mean for students who have heightened spiritual awareness and ability? How do we identify these students let alone, begin to enhance their spiritual development? 
This paper contrasts the claims surrounding spiritual giftedness including a comparison of moral, cognitive and theological dimensions. An analysis of what appears to be common to spiritual experiences provides a useful framework for examining this intriguing yet controversial area. Some implications for gifted students are suggested with examples drawn from classroom research.

text: Some educational implications for spiritual giftedness. In an increasingly secular society, spirituality (rather than religion) is more pervasive than ever before yet the area seems to be amorphous and hotly contested. Even Gardner has declined to commit to spirituality (or more broadly, existentialism), as an intelligence. What therefore, does this mean for students who have heightened spiritual awareness and ability? How do we identify these students let alone, begin to enhance their spiritual development? 
This paper contrasts the claims surrounding spiritual giftedness including a comparison of moral, cognitive and theological dimensions. An analysis of what appears to be common to spiritual experiences provides a useful framework for examining this intriguing yet controversial area. Some implications for gifted students are suggested with examples drawn from classroom research.

year: 2004

title: Automated retrofit of heat exchanger networks

authors: Lal, Nathan S.

subjects: Heat recovery

abstract: In a large industrial processing plant, a significant amount of process heat is generated using fossil fuels, contributing to New Zealand’s overall greenhouse gas emissions. While New Zealand’s renewable energy sources present potential alternatives to fossil fuels, reducing the process heat demand of industrial processing plants is another critical step for emissions reduction, with multiple long-term economic and environmental benefits. Reducing process heat demand often centres on retrofitting the heat exchanger network to improve heat recovery and lower the hot utility consumption. 
This thesis presents a comprehensive automated retrofit design method for heat exchanger networks, fulfilling several gaps in current knowledge. The novel contributions are presented and discussed in four main chapters: (1) two retrofit tools are developed that enable visualisation of the problem – the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram and the Heat Surplus-Deficit Table, (2) an algorithm called Automated Retrofit Targeting that searches for all possible retrofit modifications of the heat exchanger network that unlocks energy savings, (3) a comprehensive energy retrofit planning tool that uses a multi-stage retrofit analysis to provide strategic long-term and cost-effective retrofit plans, and (4) an heat exchanger network simulation method, incorporating using Monte Carlo Simulation, to quantify the effect of variable process flows and temperatures on flexibility and steady state performance. 
The developed methods are illustrated using a simple four-stream network and then applied to two industrial case studies that are representative of some of the large industrial energy-users in New Zealand: a paper mill at a Kraft pulp and paper mill cluster and a petrochemical complex. In both case studies, numerous potential retrofit designs have been identified. These options are reduced to those that ranked as the most cost-effective, using thermodynamic and economic constraints with Pareto front analysis. By successive application of the retrofit method, long-term retrofit plans have been proposed, enabling strategic sequencing of modifications and minimising process heat demand. For the petrochemical complex, the hot utility consumption could decrease by 9.58 MW (63% of the total possible savings) using four separate stages of retrofits. The total retrofit profit would reach 1.5 million Euros per year with a simple payback of 1.7 years. The paper mill could achieve its process heat demand reduction target using four retrofit stages, achieving a total retrofit profit of 0.78 million NZD per year. These modifications resulted in an inflexibility of 51.3% (probability of the heat exchanger network failing to meet all target temperatures), but this could be reduced to 4.1% using bypass control. 
This thesis provides a novel retrofit method, which uses graphical and numerical tools, in combination with automated analysis, generating and evaluating cost-effective retrofit designs. The retrofit design method has been implemented in Microsoft ExcelTM as a critical and functional output that can be rapidly applied to complex industrial heat exchanger networks.

text: Automated retrofit of heat exchanger networks In a large industrial processing plant, a significant amount of process heat is generated using fossil fuels, contributing to New Zealand’s overall greenhouse gas emissions. While New Zealand’s renewable energy sources present potential alternatives to fossil fuels, reducing the process heat demand of industrial processing plants is another critical step for emissions reduction, with multiple long-term economic and environmental benefits. Reducing process heat demand often centres on retrofitting the heat exchanger network to improve heat recovery and lower the hot utility consumption. 
This thesis presents a comprehensive automated retrofit design method for heat exchanger networks, fulfilling several gaps in current knowledge. The novel contributions are presented and discussed in four main chapters: (1) two retrofit tools are developed that enable visualisation of the problem – the Modified Energy Transfer Diagram and the Heat Surplus-Deficit Table, (2) an algorithm called Automated Retrofit Targeting that searches for all possible retrofit modifications of the heat exchanger network that unlocks energy savings, (3) a comprehensive energy retrofit planning tool that uses a multi-stage retrofit analysis to provide strategic long-term and cost-effective retrofit plans, and (4) an heat exchanger network simulation method, incorporating using Monte Carlo Simulation, to quantify the effect of variable process flows and temperatures on flexibility and steady state performance. 
The developed methods are illustrated using a simple four-stream network and then applied to two industrial case studies that are representative of some of the large industrial energy-users in New Zealand: a paper mill at a Kraft pulp and paper mill cluster and a petrochemical complex. In both case studies, numerous potential retrofit designs have been identified. These options are reduced to those that ranked as the most cost-effective, using thermodynamic and economic constraints with Pareto front analysis. By successive application of the retrofit method, long-term retrofit plans have been proposed, enabling strategic sequencing of modifications and minimising process heat demand. For the petrochemical complex, the hot utility consumption could decrease by 9.58 MW (63% of the total possible savings) using four separate stages of retrofits. The total retrofit profit would reach 1.5 million Euros per year with a simple payback of 1.7 years. The paper mill could achieve its process heat demand reduction target using four retrofit stages, achieving a total retrofit profit of 0.78 million NZD per year. These modifications resulted in an inflexibility of 51.3% (probability of the heat exchanger network failing to meet all target temperatures), but this could be reduced to 4.1% using bypass control. 
This thesis provides a novel retrofit method, which uses graphical and numerical tools, in combination with automated analysis, generating and evaluating cost-effective retrofit designs. The retrofit design method has been implemented in Microsoft ExcelTM as a critical and functional output that can be rapidly applied to complex industrial heat exchanger networks.

year: 2020

title: Paremias xeocosmolóxicas de predición do tempo en galego e maorí (Geocosmologic paroemias of weather prediction in Galician and Maori)

authors: Lopez-Fernandez, Laura

abstract: This comparative study collects phraseological units -dictons- (Rodegem 1984 e Sevilla Muñoz 1988; 1992) related to the semantic field of weather forecast from two cultures, which have not been in contact, and which are located in the antipodes of the planet: Galician and Maori. The methodology used utilizes a diachronic analysis (although not diastratic), of geocosmological proverbs, that can be or not in use nowadays, which include dictons about atmospheric phenomena, observation of the stars and star lore, and weather forecast through observation of animals, especially birds. The dictons collected in Maori do not come from informants but from the few books and digital sources available at the moment and this represents only a fragment of their traditional oral culture, thought and legacy of the different iwis. The collected dictons in Galician have been collected from a variety of digital corpus and resources.

text: Paremias xeocosmolóxicas de predición do tempo en galego e maorí (Geocosmologic paroemias of weather prediction in Galician and Maori) This comparative study collects phraseological units -dictons- (Rodegem 1984 e Sevilla Muñoz 1988; 1992) related to the semantic field of weather forecast from two cultures, which have not been in contact, and which are located in the antipodes of the planet: Galician and Maori. The methodology used utilizes a diachronic analysis (although not diastratic), of geocosmological proverbs, that can be or not in use nowadays, which include dictons about atmospheric phenomena, observation of the stars and star lore, and weather forecast through observation of animals, especially birds. The dictons collected in Maori do not come from informants but from the few books and digital sources available at the moment and this represents only a fragment of their traditional oral culture, thought and legacy of the different iwis. The collected dictons in Galician have been collected from a variety of digital corpus and resources.

year: 2015