title: Important lessons for trust governance from trusts that benefit New Zealand's Indigenous Maori – Recent developments

authors: Manyam, Joel

abstract: The landmark New Zealand Court of Appeal decision in New Zealand Maori Council v AttorneyGeneral [1987] 1 NZLR 641[SOE Case] marked a watershed in New Zealand's jurisprudence concerning the relationship between the Government of New Zealand('the Crown') and the indigenous Maori peoples of New Zealand. Very recently , New Zealand's highest Court, the Supreme Court in its decision in New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General[2013] 3 NZLR 31 referred to the SOE case as follows:
'The SOE case by the Court of Appeal is a judgment of great authority and importance to the law concerning the relationship between the Crown and Maori" (emphasis added)[S3].

text: Important lessons for trust governance from trusts that benefit New Zealand's Indigenous Maori – Recent developments The landmark New Zealand Court of Appeal decision in New Zealand Maori Council v AttorneyGeneral [1987] 1 NZLR 641[SOE Case] marked a watershed in New Zealand's jurisprudence concerning the relationship between the Government of New Zealand('the Crown') and the indigenous Maori peoples of New Zealand. Very recently , New Zealand's highest Court, the Supreme Court in its decision in New Zealand Maori Council v Attorney-General[2013] 3 NZLR 31 referred to the SOE case as follows:
'The SOE case by the Court of Appeal is a judgment of great authority and importance to the law concerning the relationship between the Crown and Maori" (emphasis added)[S3].

year: 2015

title: Ngā Ara Auaha  - Creative practice student showcase

authors: Hill, Rodrigo

abstract: Ngā Ara Auaha simply translated means 'creative pathways' and comprises a collective exhibition featuring creative works from last year's undergraduate and postgraduate students across the University and working with creative practice research and outputs.

Ngā Ara Auaha is an annual student showcase, exhibiting the creative works of University of Waikato students (both undergraduate and postgraduate). The exhibition’s title refers to the ‘creative pathways’ taken by these students who have drawn on their own various creative practices, modes, and methods to think through their respective research journeys.

The call for submissions was open to students across all faculties and divisions of the University and as such the variety of works is vast. Multiple artistic mediums are featured in the same space, including photography and film, toi Māori, augmented media, fine art, design, and creative writing.

This exhibition showcases both the artistic skill of our students and the potential of creative methodologies in research. Expanding the rigid boundaries of the academy and blurring the lines between the ‘creative and critical’, with contributors adding to an established legacy of creative practice at the University of Waikato.

text: Ngā Ara Auaha  - Creative practice student showcase Ngā Ara Auaha simply translated means 'creative pathways' and comprises a collective exhibition featuring creative works from last year's undergraduate and postgraduate students across the University and working with creative practice research and outputs.

Ngā Ara Auaha is an annual student showcase, exhibiting the creative works of University of Waikato students (both undergraduate and postgraduate). The exhibition’s title refers to the ‘creative pathways’ taken by these students who have drawn on their own various creative practices, modes, and methods to think through their respective research journeys.

The call for submissions was open to students across all faculties and divisions of the University and as such the variety of works is vast. Multiple artistic mediums are featured in the same space, including photography and film, toi Māori, augmented media, fine art, design, and creative writing.

This exhibition showcases both the artistic skill of our students and the potential of creative methodologies in research. Expanding the rigid boundaries of the academy and blurring the lines between the ‘creative and critical’, with contributors adding to an established legacy of creative practice at the University of Waikato.

year: 2024

title: Partitioning the influence of anthropogenic and oceanic nutrient fluxes in the coastal ocean, and the question of cultural eutrophication

authors: Lee, Randall

abstract: A multi-disciplinary study was implemented in the mid 1990’s in order to address concerns about apparent increases in the frequency and magnitude of marine phytoplankton blooms along the eastern Australian coast off New South Wales. This coastal region is frequently impacted by the western boundary flow of the East Australian Current (EAC), and anthropogenic discharges from major estuaries, and sewage outfalls within the Newcastle-Sydney-Wollongong conurbation. These coastal waters are typically nitrogen limited with respect to idealised Redfield ratios for optimal phytoplankton growth, indicating plankton sensitivity to nitrogen loading. Three deepwater outfalls servicing the city of Sydney represented the principal (~80%), continuous, anthropogenic source of nutrients to NSW coastal waters, predominantly in the form of ammonia nitrogen. The discharged effluent typically dilutes to 1:1000 to form plumes that remain trapped (~90%) by thermal stratification (≥1°C), and are dispersed by the prevailing alongshore currents. Of the eleven coastal catchments in this study region, the large Hunter and Hawkesbury catchments account for ~80% of the total catchment area and account for the majority of catchment nutrient loads discharged into the ocean. These discharges only produced significant increases to coastal waters (mainly as silica) when major flooding breached strong salinity gradients in the lower estuary. Episodic slope water intrusions were identified as the principal source of nitrogen in the form of nitrate to coastal waters. These shelf encroachments occurred seasonally associated with strong thermal dynamics observed during spring and summer. An understanding of mechanisms of slope water intrusion emerged from the deployment extensive mooring arrays, modelling exercises and responsive sampling transects triggered by synoptic monitoring of telemetered moorings and satellite imagery. Slope water intrusions operated over (alongshore) length scales of hundreds of kilometres and over time scales of a few days to a few weeks. Intrusions were related to coherent alongshore wind induced upwellings and EAC shelf encroachments, and localised baroclinic instabilities on the shoreward edge of EAC formed by perturbations in shelf topography. Phytoplankton blooms were correlated to these slope water intrusions irrespective of proximity to other major anthropogenic nutrient sources. However, the high frequency of occurrence of both the chain-forming diatom Thalassiosira spp. and the ‘red tide’ heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans during the study period was unprecedented in these waters. Long-term monitoring data indicated these anomalous conditions were associated with the strong El Niño episode of 1997/98, where warmer conditions prevailed. Corresponding studies along the New Zealand east-coast indicated a similarly unusual phytoplankton responses to El Niño episodes.

text: Partitioning the influence of anthropogenic and oceanic nutrient fluxes in the coastal ocean, and the question of cultural eutrophication A multi-disciplinary study was implemented in the mid 1990’s in order to address concerns about apparent increases in the frequency and magnitude of marine phytoplankton blooms along the eastern Australian coast off New South Wales. This coastal region is frequently impacted by the western boundary flow of the East Australian Current (EAC), and anthropogenic discharges from major estuaries, and sewage outfalls within the Newcastle-Sydney-Wollongong conurbation. These coastal waters are typically nitrogen limited with respect to idealised Redfield ratios for optimal phytoplankton growth, indicating plankton sensitivity to nitrogen loading. Three deepwater outfalls servicing the city of Sydney represented the principal (~80%), continuous, anthropogenic source of nutrients to NSW coastal waters, predominantly in the form of ammonia nitrogen. The discharged effluent typically dilutes to 1:1000 to form plumes that remain trapped (~90%) by thermal stratification (≥1°C), and are dispersed by the prevailing alongshore currents. Of the eleven coastal catchments in this study region, the large Hunter and Hawkesbury catchments account for ~80% of the total catchment area and account for the majority of catchment nutrient loads discharged into the ocean. These discharges only produced significant increases to coastal waters (mainly as silica) when major flooding breached strong salinity gradients in the lower estuary. Episodic slope water intrusions were identified as the principal source of nitrogen in the form of nitrate to coastal waters. These shelf encroachments occurred seasonally associated with strong thermal dynamics observed during spring and summer. An understanding of mechanisms of slope water intrusion emerged from the deployment extensive mooring arrays, modelling exercises and responsive sampling transects triggered by synoptic monitoring of telemetered moorings and satellite imagery. Slope water intrusions operated over (alongshore) length scales of hundreds of kilometres and over time scales of a few days to a few weeks. Intrusions were related to coherent alongshore wind induced upwellings and EAC shelf encroachments, and localised baroclinic instabilities on the shoreward edge of EAC formed by perturbations in shelf topography. Phytoplankton blooms were correlated to these slope water intrusions irrespective of proximity to other major anthropogenic nutrient sources. However, the high frequency of occurrence of both the chain-forming diatom Thalassiosira spp. and the ‘red tide’ heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans during the study period was unprecedented in these waters. Long-term monitoring data indicated these anomalous conditions were associated with the strong El Niño episode of 1997/98, where warmer conditions prevailed. Corresponding studies along the New Zealand east-coast indicated a similarly unusual phytoplankton responses to El Niño episodes.

year: 2002