title: Electric vehicles: Promoting improvements in transport

authors: Barton, Barry

subjects: energy law

abstract: Electric vehicles are attracting a lot of interest as a desirable alternative to conventional internal combustion vehicles. What adjustments can we make to legal and policy settings to encourage their entry into the New Zealand vehicle fleet? This article draws on a growing base of international research about policies in different countries for electric vehicles (EVs, ie passenger on-road cars that derive all or some of their power from the electricity grid). It shows that EV policy cannot be made in isolation from policy concerning the internal combustion engine vehicles (ICVs) of the conventional vehicle fleet. EV policy measures should not labour against a head wind produced by a lack of policy pressure on the adverse effects of ICVs, and we should put at least as much effort into improving the quality of the ICVs that we use as we do into EVs. The high capital cost of EVs cannot be ignored by policymakers seeking to increase their uptake. An innovative policy called a ‘feebate’ would suit New Zealand well, accompanied by measures to improve public understanding of EVs, improvements to the Emissions Trading Scheme, and legislation that would promote policy clarity and make it easier to develop a network of public charging stations

text: Electric vehicles: Promoting improvements in transport Electric vehicles are attracting a lot of interest as a desirable alternative to conventional internal combustion vehicles. What adjustments can we make to legal and policy settings to encourage their entry into the New Zealand vehicle fleet? This article draws on a growing base of international research about policies in different countries for electric vehicles (EVs, ie passenger on-road cars that derive all or some of their power from the electricity grid). It shows that EV policy cannot be made in isolation from policy concerning the internal combustion engine vehicles (ICVs) of the conventional vehicle fleet. EV policy measures should not labour against a head wind produced by a lack of policy pressure on the adverse effects of ICVs, and we should put at least as much effort into improving the quality of the ICVs that we use as we do into EVs. The high capital cost of EVs cannot be ignored by policymakers seeking to increase their uptake. An innovative policy called a ‘feebate’ would suit New Zealand well, accompanied by measures to improve public understanding of EVs, improvements to the Emissions Trading Scheme, and legislation that would promote policy clarity and make it easier to develop a network of public charging stations

year: 2016

title: Deictic Framing Performance Fails to Generalize to Other Perspective-Taking Tasks

authors: Taylor, Tokiko

abstract: The behavioral processes underlying perspective taking have not been studied extensively. One approach to understanding and enhancing perspective taking, deictic framing, has been proposed. Proponents of this approach have suggested that deictic framing is a core property of perspective taking. A training protocol based on deictic framing has been developed and tested, but researchers generally evaluate the effectiveness of the protocol using tasks that have a similar format to the training protocol. Little research has examined the protocol’s effectiveness for improving performance in different perspective-taking tasks. We investigated generalization of the performance of three groups of university students trained with a deictic-framing protocol (or not) and tested with two other perspective-taking tasks: a visuospatial perspective taking using a cupboard containing a range of objects and a version of the implicit relational assessment procedure specifically designed to measure perspective taking. The first group was trained with the original verbal protocol with deictic expressions; the second group with the same protocol involving nondeictic words; and the third group was merely exposed to deictic expressions as a control condition. The results suggested that deictic framing is not fundamental to perspective taking, as the performance of the two experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group’s performance. Identification of specific stimulus functions involved in successful perspective taking and how those functions can be established should be addressed in future research.

text: Deictic Framing Performance Fails to Generalize to Other Perspective-Taking Tasks The behavioral processes underlying perspective taking have not been studied extensively. One approach to understanding and enhancing perspective taking, deictic framing, has been proposed. Proponents of this approach have suggested that deictic framing is a core property of perspective taking. A training protocol based on deictic framing has been developed and tested, but researchers generally evaluate the effectiveness of the protocol using tasks that have a similar format to the training protocol. Little research has examined the protocol’s effectiveness for improving performance in different perspective-taking tasks. We investigated generalization of the performance of three groups of university students trained with a deictic-framing protocol (or not) and tested with two other perspective-taking tasks: a visuospatial perspective taking using a cupboard containing a range of objects and a version of the implicit relational assessment procedure specifically designed to measure perspective taking. The first group was trained with the original verbal protocol with deictic expressions; the second group with the same protocol involving nondeictic words; and the third group was merely exposed to deictic expressions as a control condition. The results suggested that deictic framing is not fundamental to perspective taking, as the performance of the two experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group’s performance. Identification of specific stimulus functions involved in successful perspective taking and how those functions can be established should be addressed in future research.

year: 2023-06-12

title: "He taketake, he hurumanu te moana i rōhia ai": Mā te Māori ngā toronga o te motu ki whenua kē e taurima?

authors: Dewes, Kaneihana

subjects: Iwi taketake

abstract: Kai te tino ia o te tuhinga rangahau nei, he whakatōmene i te āhua kaiārahi o te Māori i ngā tūāhua hono ki ahurea kē. Mā konei e whakatau ai, e whakatūwherahia rānei ngā āhuatanga e mea ana mā te Māori ngā toronga o te motu ki whenua kē e taurima. He momo tēnei nā te Māori, i takea mai i ngā mahi pokai moana, me ngā waka i whakaterea i ngā rohenga moana o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, puta noa. Waihoki, he taonga tonu wā tātau kai ngā tauira o ngā tūhononga ahurea o ngā iwi taketake o te ao; he taonga anō kai waenganui i a tātau ngā whenua maha i pakanga ki rāwāhi, he tohu nui nā te ‘price of citizenship’. He momo nā te Māori te tātaki i ngā mahi whakarauora reo, waihoki, he rite tonu te noho tahi ki whenua kē i roto i te kōingo ki te whakatipu i te reo o te whenua. Mā konei, ka marohi ai te hiranga o Te Reo Māori me ngā Tikanga Māori, tēnei hiranga e tohu ana i te hua o ngā hononga ahurea ki ngā iwi taketake huri noa, kia whai hua mō Niu Tireni i ngā toronga ki whenua kē.

text: "He taketake, he hurumanu te moana i rōhia ai": Mā te Māori ngā toronga o te motu ki whenua kē e taurima? Kai te tino ia o te tuhinga rangahau nei, he whakatōmene i te āhua kaiārahi o te Māori i ngā tūāhua hono ki ahurea kē. Mā konei e whakatau ai, e whakatūwherahia rānei ngā āhuatanga e mea ana mā te Māori ngā toronga o te motu ki whenua kē e taurima. He momo tēnei nā te Māori, i takea mai i ngā mahi pokai moana, me ngā waka i whakaterea i ngā rohenga moana o Te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ā, puta noa. Waihoki, he taonga tonu wā tātau kai ngā tauira o ngā tūhononga ahurea o ngā iwi taketake o te ao; he taonga anō kai waenganui i a tātau ngā whenua maha i pakanga ki rāwāhi, he tohu nui nā te ‘price of citizenship’. He momo nā te Māori te tātaki i ngā mahi whakarauora reo, waihoki, he rite tonu te noho tahi ki whenua kē i roto i te kōingo ki te whakatipu i te reo o te whenua. Mā konei, ka marohi ai te hiranga o Te Reo Māori me ngā Tikanga Māori, tēnei hiranga e tohu ana i te hua o ngā hononga ahurea ki ngā iwi taketake huri noa, kia whai hua mō Niu Tireni i ngā toronga ki whenua kē.

year: 2022