title: The impact of psychopathy on managers' wellbeing and burnout: The role of authenticity

authors: Preston, Amanda Kate

subjects: Psychopathy

abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of psychopathy on individuals’ wellbeing and burnout amongst a sample of managers across a wide range of organisations in New Zealand.  This study also investigated the role of authenticity in an attempt to examine its influence amongst these relationships.  In addressing gaps in the literature, the current study employed the Triarchic model of psychopathy to examine the effects of three dimensions of psychopathy (disinhibition, meanness, boldness) separately rather than unidimensionally in order to demonstrate a thorough assessment of how each dimension exerts its influence on individuals in the workplace.  
Through the utilisation of the Job Demands-Resources model, this study proposed that disinhibition and meanness, being more maladaptive, would limit individuals’ access to job resources and exacerbate the negative effects of job demands thereby resulting in lower wellbeing and higher burnout.  Conversely, boldness was hypothesised to be more adaptive for individuals and therefore would assist in the attainment of job resources while decreasing the negative effects of job demands.  In turn, bold individuals would be more likely to demonstrate higher wellbeing and lower burnout.  Authenticity was proposed to act as a personal resource operating as both a moderator and mediator in these relationships.  
Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted in SPSS to test the proposed hypotheses. A number of hypotheses were supported; boldness predicted higher wellbeing; both disinhibition and meanness predicted higher emotional exhaustion; boldness predicted lower emotional exhaustion; both disinhibition and meanness predicted higher depersonalisation; and boldness predicted lower depersonalisation.  Moderation analyses produced no significant findings, however some mediation effects were found.  Authenticity mediated the relationship between; disinhibition and wellbeing; meanness and wellbeing; disinhibition and depersonalisation; meanness and depersonalisation and boldness and depersonalisation.  Some hypotheses were not supported indicating that there are likely factors other than authenticity which influence these relationships and therefore, further research in this area is advised. 
This study presents a number of implications for theory as well as practice.  While there is a great deal of research assessing the impact of manager psychopathy on subordinates, there is very little research pertaining to how those with psychopathic traits are impacted by these traits themselves.  The current study addressed this in an attempt to shed light on the wellbeing and workplace functioning of those who demonstrate both maladaptive and adaptive psychopathic traits.   Furthermore, this study investigated a previously under-researched personal resource - authenticity, both as a moderator and mediator in order to gain a more robust understanding of its influence.  
This study highlights that organisations should screen for psychopathy in the workplace to identify those who demonstrate maladaptive tendencies and to put strategies in place to support these individuals as well as implement processes to protect others in the workplace from those who have maladaptive traits.  It is also evident that those who demonstrate boldness may potentially be an asset to organisations given their potential to accumulate important resources on the job.  Results suggest that through the promotion of authenticity at work, organisations can cultivate a healthier and more functional working environment.

text: The impact of psychopathy on managers' wellbeing and burnout: The role of authenticity The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of psychopathy on individuals’ wellbeing and burnout amongst a sample of managers across a wide range of organisations in New Zealand.  This study also investigated the role of authenticity in an attempt to examine its influence amongst these relationships.  In addressing gaps in the literature, the current study employed the Triarchic model of psychopathy to examine the effects of three dimensions of psychopathy (disinhibition, meanness, boldness) separately rather than unidimensionally in order to demonstrate a thorough assessment of how each dimension exerts its influence on individuals in the workplace.  
Through the utilisation of the Job Demands-Resources model, this study proposed that disinhibition and meanness, being more maladaptive, would limit individuals’ access to job resources and exacerbate the negative effects of job demands thereby resulting in lower wellbeing and higher burnout.  Conversely, boldness was hypothesised to be more adaptive for individuals and therefore would assist in the attainment of job resources while decreasing the negative effects of job demands.  In turn, bold individuals would be more likely to demonstrate higher wellbeing and lower burnout.  Authenticity was proposed to act as a personal resource operating as both a moderator and mediator in these relationships.  
Moderation and mediation analyses were conducted in SPSS to test the proposed hypotheses. A number of hypotheses were supported; boldness predicted higher wellbeing; both disinhibition and meanness predicted higher emotional exhaustion; boldness predicted lower emotional exhaustion; both disinhibition and meanness predicted higher depersonalisation; and boldness predicted lower depersonalisation.  Moderation analyses produced no significant findings, however some mediation effects were found.  Authenticity mediated the relationship between; disinhibition and wellbeing; meanness and wellbeing; disinhibition and depersonalisation; meanness and depersonalisation and boldness and depersonalisation.  Some hypotheses were not supported indicating that there are likely factors other than authenticity which influence these relationships and therefore, further research in this area is advised. 
This study presents a number of implications for theory as well as practice.  While there is a great deal of research assessing the impact of manager psychopathy on subordinates, there is very little research pertaining to how those with psychopathic traits are impacted by these traits themselves.  The current study addressed this in an attempt to shed light on the wellbeing and workplace functioning of those who demonstrate both maladaptive and adaptive psychopathic traits.   Furthermore, this study investigated a previously under-researched personal resource - authenticity, both as a moderator and mediator in order to gain a more robust understanding of its influence.  
This study highlights that organisations should screen for psychopathy in the workplace to identify those who demonstrate maladaptive tendencies and to put strategies in place to support these individuals as well as implement processes to protect others in the workplace from those who have maladaptive traits.  It is also evident that those who demonstrate boldness may potentially be an asset to organisations given their potential to accumulate important resources on the job.  Results suggest that through the promotion of authenticity at work, organisations can cultivate a healthier and more functional working environment.

year: 2020

title: Colonial families and cultures of health: Glimpses of illness and domestic medicine in private records in New Zealand and Australia, 1850–1910

authors: Coleborne, Catharine

subjects: lay health care

abstract: This article draws on both published and unpublished private family writing to examine how European settler colonial families in southeastern Australia and New Zealand negotiated worlds of sickness and health between 1850 and 1910. It argues that personal writing is a neglected yet rich repository for shedding light on colonial cultures of health across families and households in colonial Australia and New Zealand. In examining challenges to well-being and gendered lay health care practices inside domestic spaces, we glimpse more than worlds of health and treatment. Through their management of health and illness in private domestic spaces, the sense of well-being colonial families created for their members tells us something both about their emotional lives and cultures of colonialism.

text: Colonial families and cultures of health: Glimpses of illness and domestic medicine in private records in New Zealand and Australia, 1850–1910 This article draws on both published and unpublished private family writing to examine how European settler colonial families in southeastern Australia and New Zealand negotiated worlds of sickness and health between 1850 and 1910. It argues that personal writing is a neglected yet rich repository for shedding light on colonial cultures of health across families and households in colonial Australia and New Zealand. In examining challenges to well-being and gendered lay health care practices inside domestic spaces, we glimpse more than worlds of health and treatment. Through their management of health and illness in private domestic spaces, the sense of well-being colonial families created for their members tells us something both about their emotional lives and cultures of colonialism.

year: 2013

title: A cohort history of mortality in New Zealand

authors: Pool, Ian

abstract: This paper uses the generational life tables to track historical mortality experience for New Zealand Pakeha and Māori. The key research questions we seek to explore concern with why was Pakeha life expectation so high so early, and why did this survival advantage disappeared by the mid 20th century and what has happened since? For the Māori population what was the impact of contact on Māori mortality, what were the changes that have occurred and why, and what has happened to Māori mortality recently? A key finding from the cohort mortality analysis is that gains in survivorship have momentum effects that propel this advantage forward as survivors move up through the age-groups. That said, however, periods of gain may be followed later by cohort deterioration occurring among the same generations later in their life cycle, and even by further cycles of reprise and deterioration. These cycles of gain, deterioration, reprise etc are more evident for males, and particularly for Māori. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.

text: A cohort history of mortality in New Zealand This paper uses the generational life tables to track historical mortality experience for New Zealand Pakeha and Māori. The key research questions we seek to explore concern with why was Pakeha life expectation so high so early, and why did this survival advantage disappeared by the mid 20th century and what has happened since? For the Māori population what was the impact of contact on Māori mortality, what were the changes that have occurred and why, and what has happened to Māori mortality recently? A key finding from the cohort mortality analysis is that gains in survivorship have momentum effects that propel this advantage forward as survivors move up through the age-groups. That said, however, periods of gain may be followed later by cohort deterioration occurring among the same generations later in their life cycle, and even by further cycles of reprise and deterioration. These cycles of gain, deterioration, reprise etc are more evident for males, and particularly for Māori. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.

year: 2003