title: XP customer practices: A grounded theory

authors: Martin, Angela

subjects: computer science

abstract: The Customer is a critical role in XP, but almost all XP practices are presented for developers by developers. While XP calls for Real Customer Involvement, it does not explain what XP Customers should do, nor how they should do it. Using Grounded Theory, we discovered eight customer practices used by successful XP teams: Customer Boot Camp, Customer’s Apprentice, Customer Pairing, and Programmer’s Holiday support the well-being and effectiveness of customers; Programmer On-site and Road shows support team and organization interactions; and Big Picture Up Front and Re-calibration support Customers steering the whole project. By adopting these processes, XP Customers and teams can work faster and more sustainably.

text: XP customer practices: A grounded theory The Customer is a critical role in XP, but almost all XP practices are presented for developers by developers. While XP calls for Real Customer Involvement, it does not explain what XP Customers should do, nor how they should do it. Using Grounded Theory, we discovered eight customer practices used by successful XP teams: Customer Boot Camp, Customer’s Apprentice, Customer Pairing, and Programmer’s Holiday support the well-being and effectiveness of customers; Programmer On-site and Road shows support team and organization interactions; and Big Picture Up Front and Re-calibration support Customers steering the whole project. By adopting these processes, XP Customers and teams can work faster and more sustainably.

year: 2009

title: Definitions: Does disjunction mean dysfunction?

authors: Kingsbury, Justine

subjects: philosophy

abstract: Our concern in this paper is with definitions that are not conjunctive. In particular, our concern is with definitions of things of a kind K which allege that there is a bunch of conditions, each of which is sufficient, but not necessary, for bestowing K-hood. Definitions of this kind, call them “disjunctive,” are often proposed for kinds of things that interest us, but they usually draw fairly muted applause. Many treat them as provisional, to be endured, rather than celebrated. Surely, it is thought, they do not provide all one might want from a definition. Because of water, art and other cases which apparently problematise the boundary between practice-mandated and theoretically-posited kinds, there will doubtless continue to be disagreements about the credentials of disjunctive definitions. Even so, we think we have gone some way towards offering a reasonable justification for the on-going debates and some apparatus for formulating the issues.

text: Definitions: Does disjunction mean dysfunction? Our concern in this paper is with definitions that are not conjunctive. In particular, our concern is with definitions of things of a kind K which allege that there is a bunch of conditions, each of which is sufficient, but not necessary, for bestowing K-hood. Definitions of this kind, call them “disjunctive,” are often proposed for kinds of things that interest us, but they usually draw fairly muted applause. Many treat them as provisional, to be endured, rather than celebrated. Surely, it is thought, they do not provide all one might want from a definition. Because of water, art and other cases which apparently problematise the boundary between practice-mandated and theoretically-posited kinds, there will doubtless continue to be disagreements about the credentials of disjunctive definitions. Even so, we think we have gone some way towards offering a reasonable justification for the on-going debates and some apparatus for formulating the issues.

year: 2009

title: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi

authors: Ngaia, Te Ingo Karangaroa Terehia

subjects: Waikato Maniapoto

abstract: Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

text: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

year: 2010