title: Studies on the biology of the Catfish: Ictalurus Nebulosus Le Sueur in the Waikato Region

authors: Patchell, Graham James

abstract: This study investigated the age and growth, reproductive and feeding biology of the North American catfish Ictalurus nebulosus Le Sueur in the Waikato Valley of New Zealand, the changes that have occurred during acclimatisation and the extent of the differences in biology between here and other regions of the world. Under Waikato conditions the growth rate of the catfish was much faster than is usual for the species, although the longevity of about 8 years was the same as in the northern hemisphere. Oocyte development in the ovaries was asynchronous (Marza, 1938), with multiple spawning occurring. The duration of the spawning season was nine months, from winter to early autumn. Fecundity estimates were of a minimum of 3700 eggs laid per season. The major foods of the catfish were chironomid larvae, oligochaete worms, molluscs and crustacea. There was no evidence of piscivorous or fish-egg eating habits as has been noted for the species overseas. The catfish is expanding in numbers and range throughout the Waikato region because the recruitment capabilities of the population are high, with a rapid growth rate and high, fecundity, and there is an apparent lack of natural predators.

text: Studies on the biology of the Catfish: Ictalurus Nebulosus Le Sueur in the Waikato Region This study investigated the age and growth, reproductive and feeding biology of the North American catfish Ictalurus nebulosus Le Sueur in the Waikato Valley of New Zealand, the changes that have occurred during acclimatisation and the extent of the differences in biology between here and other regions of the world. Under Waikato conditions the growth rate of the catfish was much faster than is usual for the species, although the longevity of about 8 years was the same as in the northern hemisphere. Oocyte development in the ovaries was asynchronous (Marza, 1938), with multiple spawning occurring. The duration of the spawning season was nine months, from winter to early autumn. Fecundity estimates were of a minimum of 3700 eggs laid per season. The major foods of the catfish were chironomid larvae, oligochaete worms, molluscs and crustacea. There was no evidence of piscivorous or fish-egg eating habits as has been noted for the species overseas. The catfish is expanding in numbers and range throughout the Waikato region because the recruitment capabilities of the population are high, with a rapid growth rate and high, fecundity, and there is an apparent lack of natural predators.

year: 1977

title: Arbitrary functions in group theory

authors: Hawthorn, Ian

abstract: Two measures of how near an arbitrary function between groups is to being a homomorphism are considered. These have properties similar to conjugates and commutators. The authors show that there is a rich theory based on these structures, and that this theory can be used to unify disparate approaches such as group cohomology and the transfer and to prove theorems. The proof of the Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is recast in this context. We also present yet another proof of Cauchy’s theorem and a very quick approach to Sylow’s theorem.

text: Arbitrary functions in group theory Two measures of how near an arbitrary function between groups is to being a homomorphism are considered. These have properties similar to conjugates and commutators. The authors show that there is a rich theory based on these structures, and that this theory can be used to unify disparate approaches such as group cohomology and the transfer and to prove theorems. The proof of the Schur-Zassenhaus theorem is recast in this context. We also present yet another proof of Cauchy’s theorem and a very quick approach to Sylow’s theorem.

year: 2015

title: Stop playing up! A critical ethnography of health, physical education and (sub)urban schooling

authors: Fitzpatrick, Katie

subjects: Health

abstract: This thesis explores the place of health and physical education in the lives of Otara youth in New Zealand. Situated in the southern suburbs of New Zealand’s largest city, Otara, South Auckland is known for its cultural diversity, as well as for poverty and crime. It is home to large numbers of indigenous Maori and migrant Pasifika (Pacific Island) youth. Based on a year-long critical ethnography of a multiethnic high school, this thesis explores how these young people engage with and respond to the school subjects of health and physical education. It also discusses broader issues in their lives, including the social geographies within which they reside, and how they understand their bodies, sexuality, health, gender and physicalities. The subjects of health and physical education are compulsory in most schools internationally – in New Zealand they are directly linked in curriculum policy documents and in school practice – but share a somewhat uneasy relationship and differing historical positions. Considered low status in schools, these subjects are also conflated with narrow body and health norms, possibly problematic for young women, and/or are wedded to the social and cultural world of sport. Curriculum policy documents established in the last ten years offer the possibility of critical and social approaches to these subjects, but examples of critical practice remain rare. Health and physical education are thus compulsory, contentious, contradictory and complex subjects within contemporary schooling. Critical ethnographies of schooling are relatively scarce compared with conventional ethnographic accounts, but critical ethnographies of health and physical education (PE) are almost unheard of. The use of such a methodology in this study enabled an indepth account of Otara youth in the subjects of health and PE at school. It also provided a platform for storied accounts of how one teacher, Dan, enacted a critical and culturally connected pedagogy of health and PE with the young people in his classes. This thesis explores the complex potential for health and PE as key sites of learning for Pasifika and Maori youth. It examines health and PE as subjects that are both politically fraught and spaces of hope.

text: Stop playing up! A critical ethnography of health, physical education and (sub)urban schooling This thesis explores the place of health and physical education in the lives of Otara youth in New Zealand. Situated in the southern suburbs of New Zealand’s largest city, Otara, South Auckland is known for its cultural diversity, as well as for poverty and crime. It is home to large numbers of indigenous Maori and migrant Pasifika (Pacific Island) youth. Based on a year-long critical ethnography of a multiethnic high school, this thesis explores how these young people engage with and respond to the school subjects of health and physical education. It also discusses broader issues in their lives, including the social geographies within which they reside, and how they understand their bodies, sexuality, health, gender and physicalities. The subjects of health and physical education are compulsory in most schools internationally – in New Zealand they are directly linked in curriculum policy documents and in school practice – but share a somewhat uneasy relationship and differing historical positions. Considered low status in schools, these subjects are also conflated with narrow body and health norms, possibly problematic for young women, and/or are wedded to the social and cultural world of sport. Curriculum policy documents established in the last ten years offer the possibility of critical and social approaches to these subjects, but examples of critical practice remain rare. Health and physical education are thus compulsory, contentious, contradictory and complex subjects within contemporary schooling. Critical ethnographies of schooling are relatively scarce compared with conventional ethnographic accounts, but critical ethnographies of health and physical education (PE) are almost unheard of. The use of such a methodology in this study enabled an indepth account of Otara youth in the subjects of health and PE at school. It also provided a platform for storied accounts of how one teacher, Dan, enacted a critical and culturally connected pedagogy of health and PE with the young people in his classes. This thesis explores the complex potential for health and PE as key sites of learning for Pasifika and Maori youth. It examines health and PE as subjects that are both politically fraught and spaces of hope.

year: 2010