title: I’d like to complain about this software…

authors: Nichols, David M.

subjects: computer science

abstract: Software is often frustrating. You need only walk past a group of users to hear exclamations of annoyance as the users’ expectations and the software interface clash head on.

text: I’d like to complain about this software… Software is often frustrating. You need only walk past a group of users to hear exclamations of annoyance as the users’ expectations and the software interface clash head on.

year: 2003

title: Preteens’ concepts and development of privacy, and the relationship to decisions and actions undertaken in online social environments and with digital devices.

authors: Webster, Angela

subjects: preteens

abstract: A concern for privacy, the development of this, and how it becomes interpreted in offline and complex online environments has potential implications on young people’s wellbeing and safety.  Media often bring to attention more negative aspects of young people’s privacy in relation to their online pursuits, which raises questions about perceived risks to one’s privacy and actual risks encountered online and any subsequent implications.  This study looks at preteens’ broad concepts and development of privacy, and any relationship(s) these may have on their use of digital technologies and decisions and actions in online social contexts.  A review of literature related to preteens’ involvement in online social networks and issues of privacy presents a growing body of information, however, a scarcity of literature related to preteens’ concern for privacy, and the development of privacy concern, suggests this study offers new insights in this particular area.

Students (N=60) aged between 11 and under 13 years from three provincial New Zealand schools participated in this qualitative study, and key data were gathered through a survey.  Preteens indicated they valued privacy and specified its importance across dimensions of self.  Furthermore, a desire for autonomy and control in managing aspects of privacy in their offline and online worlds was evident.  However, concerns were raised regarding preteens’ perceived capabilities and their actual competencies and knowledge of the technical, social, and ethical complexities presented online and in the use of devices.  Also evident were inconsistencies in the types of support needed to care for the safety and wellbeing of young people.  This suggests young people continue to need regular and robust support from agencies they themselves identified as important, and included caregivers, schools, and peers. 

Opportunities to further develop caregivers’ skills and knowledge is recommended, so they may better understand the crucial role they have in supporting the safety and wellbeing of their child in their exploration of complex digital environments.  Their role is essential in positively contributing to the development of a concern for privacy.  Recommendations are made, for schools, educators, and education policy makers in their role in this development.  These include sustained teaching and learning opportunities across all learning levels in building related skills and competencies.  Sourcing perspectives from preteens themselves as the experts of their ideas, experiences and knowledge, is integral to understanding how they navigate privacy issues when living lives both offline and online.

text: Preteens’ concepts and development of privacy, and the relationship to decisions and actions undertaken in online social environments and with digital devices. A concern for privacy, the development of this, and how it becomes interpreted in offline and complex online environments has potential implications on young people’s wellbeing and safety.  Media often bring to attention more negative aspects of young people’s privacy in relation to their online pursuits, which raises questions about perceived risks to one’s privacy and actual risks encountered online and any subsequent implications.  This study looks at preteens’ broad concepts and development of privacy, and any relationship(s) these may have on their use of digital technologies and decisions and actions in online social contexts.  A review of literature related to preteens’ involvement in online social networks and issues of privacy presents a growing body of information, however, a scarcity of literature related to preteens’ concern for privacy, and the development of privacy concern, suggests this study offers new insights in this particular area.

Students (N=60) aged between 11 and under 13 years from three provincial New Zealand schools participated in this qualitative study, and key data were gathered through a survey.  Preteens indicated they valued privacy and specified its importance across dimensions of self.  Furthermore, a desire for autonomy and control in managing aspects of privacy in their offline and online worlds was evident.  However, concerns were raised regarding preteens’ perceived capabilities and their actual competencies and knowledge of the technical, social, and ethical complexities presented online and in the use of devices.  Also evident were inconsistencies in the types of support needed to care for the safety and wellbeing of young people.  This suggests young people continue to need regular and robust support from agencies they themselves identified as important, and included caregivers, schools, and peers. 

Opportunities to further develop caregivers’ skills and knowledge is recommended, so they may better understand the crucial role they have in supporting the safety and wellbeing of their child in their exploration of complex digital environments.  Their role is essential in positively contributing to the development of a concern for privacy.  Recommendations are made, for schools, educators, and education policy makers in their role in this development.  These include sustained teaching and learning opportunities across all learning levels in building related skills and competencies.  Sourcing perspectives from preteens themselves as the experts of their ideas, experiences and knowledge, is integral to understanding how they navigate privacy issues when living lives both offline and online.

year: 2016

title: Tephras and New Zealand archaeology

authors: Lowe, David J.

subjects: tephrochronology

abstract: Establishing an accurate date for earliest Polynesian settlement in New Zealand is essential for understanding patterns of settlement and associated environmental impacts, and the processes and rates of cultural change in Eastern Polynesia. Tephra deposits from five volcanic centres, together with exotic sea-rafted pumice, provide isochronous constraints on the timing of earliest settlement and human impacts in northern New Zealand. A local basaltic tephra from Rangitoto Island (Auckland) and locally distributed andesitic tephras from Egmont volcano directly date human occupation to c. AD 1400–1450. Distal andesitic tephras (Tufa Trig Formation) from Mt Ruapehu, Tongariro volcanic centre, help constrain the timing of earliest anthropogenic deforestation signals in Hawke's Bay. Sea-rafted Loisels Pumice(s), although of uncertain stratigraphic reliability in places, overlies cultural remains that can be no younger than c. AD 1350 along the east coast, North Island. The regionally extensive rhyolitic Kaharoa Tephra, which erupted from Okataina volcano between c. AD  1300–1390, is the critical “settlement layer” datum for dating prehistory in the North Island: no human artefacts are recorded beneath it and the earliest inferred environmental impacts by humans are dated to c. AD  1280, just prior to its deposition. This maximum date matches the earliest radiocarbon dates derived for both settlement and human impacts from archaeological and natural sites (c. AD 1250), and implies that the onset of deforestation was essentially contemporaneous with initial settlement.
The widespread rhyolitic Taupo Tephra, which erupted from Taupo volcano c. AD 200, provides an isochronous benchmark well before earliest settlement. The tephra may coincide approximately with a putative earlier transient contact in New Zealand based on Pacific rat-bone (Rattus exulans) dates. More precise calendrical dates on the tephras—via dendrochronology or ice-core records or other dating methods—would help refine assessment of the timing of earliest settlement, while extending the distributional range of critical tephra layers, through application of crypto-tephra analysis, could lead to a greater understanding of settlement patterns.

text: Tephras and New Zealand archaeology Establishing an accurate date for earliest Polynesian settlement in New Zealand is essential for understanding patterns of settlement and associated environmental impacts, and the processes and rates of cultural change in Eastern Polynesia. Tephra deposits from five volcanic centres, together with exotic sea-rafted pumice, provide isochronous constraints on the timing of earliest settlement and human impacts in northern New Zealand. A local basaltic tephra from Rangitoto Island (Auckland) and locally distributed andesitic tephras from Egmont volcano directly date human occupation to c. AD 1400–1450. Distal andesitic tephras (Tufa Trig Formation) from Mt Ruapehu, Tongariro volcanic centre, help constrain the timing of earliest anthropogenic deforestation signals in Hawke's Bay. Sea-rafted Loisels Pumice(s), although of uncertain stratigraphic reliability in places, overlies cultural remains that can be no younger than c. AD 1350 along the east coast, North Island. The regionally extensive rhyolitic Kaharoa Tephra, which erupted from Okataina volcano between c. AD  1300–1390, is the critical “settlement layer” datum for dating prehistory in the North Island: no human artefacts are recorded beneath it and the earliest inferred environmental impacts by humans are dated to c. AD  1280, just prior to its deposition. This maximum date matches the earliest radiocarbon dates derived for both settlement and human impacts from archaeological and natural sites (c. AD 1250), and implies that the onset of deforestation was essentially contemporaneous with initial settlement.
The widespread rhyolitic Taupo Tephra, which erupted from Taupo volcano c. AD 200, provides an isochronous benchmark well before earliest settlement. The tephra may coincide approximately with a putative earlier transient contact in New Zealand based on Pacific rat-bone (Rattus exulans) dates. More precise calendrical dates on the tephras—via dendrochronology or ice-core records or other dating methods—would help refine assessment of the timing of earliest settlement, while extending the distributional range of critical tephra layers, through application of crypto-tephra analysis, could lead to a greater understanding of settlement patterns.

year: 2000