title: Holocene vegetation and volcanic activity, Auckland Isthmus, New Zealand

authors: Newnham, Rewi M.

subjects: palynology

abstract: A 12 000 to 4000 yr BP pollen and tephra-bearing profile from Auckland, New Zealand, provides insights into the vegetation history and evidence for early Holocene volcanic activity in this area centred on the Mount Wellington basaltic volcano. Possibly 500 yr separated initial scoriaceous ash deposition (ca. 9500 yr ago) and subsequent major lava flows (ca. 9000 yr ago) from Mount Wellington. The local vegelation, topography, and drainage patterns were substantially modified during this time, and damming by the lava flows resulted in the formation of Lake Waiatarua in a shallow valley head ca. 9000 yr ago. Diatom evidence indicates that this lake was initially deep (> 5 m) but was shallowing around 4000 yr ago. In contrast to the Mount Wellington eruptions, tephra deposition resulting from distant rhyolitic volcanic activity of the central North Island and Mayor Island has had little effect on the Auckland vegetation during this time interval (12 000–4000 yr ago).
Between ca. 12 000 and 10 000 yr ago, conifer-angiosperm forest was the predominant vegetation cover on Auckland Isthmus, but during the early Holocene, forest dominated by Metrosideros expanded, probably on to fresh volcanic surfaces resulting from the Mount Wellington eruptions. At this time, swamp forest communities developed in Waiatarua valley basin, and included species indicative of moist, mild, relatively frost-free climates. Some taxa show histories consistent with other records from the northern New Zealand region, including the rise of Ascarina lucida ca. 11 000 to 9000 yr ago, and its subsequent decline, and the expansion of Agathis australis (kauri) forest communities from ca. 6000 yr ago. Taken together the history of local and regional vegetation points to a mild, moist and weakly seasonal early Holocene climate, which subsequently became drier with greater seasonal temperature extremes.

text: Holocene vegetation and volcanic activity, Auckland Isthmus, New Zealand A 12 000 to 4000 yr BP pollen and tephra-bearing profile from Auckland, New Zealand, provides insights into the vegetation history and evidence for early Holocene volcanic activity in this area centred on the Mount Wellington basaltic volcano. Possibly 500 yr separated initial scoriaceous ash deposition (ca. 9500 yr ago) and subsequent major lava flows (ca. 9000 yr ago) from Mount Wellington. The local vegelation, topography, and drainage patterns were substantially modified during this time, and damming by the lava flows resulted in the formation of Lake Waiatarua in a shallow valley head ca. 9000 yr ago. Diatom evidence indicates that this lake was initially deep (> 5 m) but was shallowing around 4000 yr ago. In contrast to the Mount Wellington eruptions, tephra deposition resulting from distant rhyolitic volcanic activity of the central North Island and Mayor Island has had little effect on the Auckland vegetation during this time interval (12 000–4000 yr ago).
Between ca. 12 000 and 10 000 yr ago, conifer-angiosperm forest was the predominant vegetation cover on Auckland Isthmus, but during the early Holocene, forest dominated by Metrosideros expanded, probably on to fresh volcanic surfaces resulting from the Mount Wellington eruptions. At this time, swamp forest communities developed in Waiatarua valley basin, and included species indicative of moist, mild, relatively frost-free climates. Some taxa show histories consistent with other records from the northern New Zealand region, including the rise of Ascarina lucida ca. 11 000 to 9000 yr ago, and its subsequent decline, and the expansion of Agathis australis (kauri) forest communities from ca. 6000 yr ago. Taken together the history of local and regional vegetation points to a mild, moist and weakly seasonal early Holocene climate, which subsequently became drier with greater seasonal temperature extremes.

year: 1991

title: Curriculum integration: What it is and is not.

authors: Fraser, Deborah

abstract: Curriculum integration is much misunderstood. As a curriculum design and a pedagogy, it requires a commitment to power sharing when making curriculum decisions with students. When teachers negotiate curriculum with students, the learning and teaching is of direct relevance to the world of young people in diverse settings. In the hands of talented teachers, curriculum integration engages students in deep level learning which can have lasting effects on their views of the world and their views of themselves as active learners.

text: Curriculum integration: What it is and is not. Curriculum integration is much misunderstood. As a curriculum design and a pedagogy, it requires a commitment to power sharing when making curriculum decisions with students. When teachers negotiate curriculum with students, the learning and teaching is of direct relevance to the world of young people in diverse settings. In the hands of talented teachers, curriculum integration engages students in deep level learning which can have lasting effects on their views of the world and their views of themselves as active learners.

year: 2000

title: A translation of Moodle into Te Reo Māori

authors: Manuirirangi, Hōri

abstract: This paper is an assessment of the Te Reo Māori translation of the Learning Management System ‘Moodle’, used by students and teaching staff of the University of Waikato. Moodle: [Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment] has been the university’s primary online learning environment since 2008. It has an open code-base that allows users the ability to modify its software. This particular feature makes the LMS appealing to both Māori and Pacifika users as it allows Moodle to be developed and customized to meet their unique cultural needs. This paper discusses the rationale for the translation of Moodle into Te Reo Māori, and gives insight into the processes implemented by translation staff of Te Ratonga Whakamāori and the university’s WCEL team. The primary focus of this paper is to outline the benefits of translating the online learning environment of Te Reo Māori second-language learners, whilst highlighting how the integration of this technology augments students’ learning inside and outside of the classroom.

text: A translation of Moodle into Te Reo Māori This paper is an assessment of the Te Reo Māori translation of the Learning Management System ‘Moodle’, used by students and teaching staff of the University of Waikato. Moodle: [Modular Object-Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment] has been the university’s primary online learning environment since 2008. It has an open code-base that allows users the ability to modify its software. This particular feature makes the LMS appealing to both Māori and Pacifika users as it allows Moodle to be developed and customized to meet their unique cultural needs. This paper discusses the rationale for the translation of Moodle into Te Reo Māori, and gives insight into the processes implemented by translation staff of Te Ratonga Whakamāori and the university’s WCEL team. The primary focus of this paper is to outline the benefits of translating the online learning environment of Te Reo Māori second-language learners, whilst highlighting how the integration of this technology augments students’ learning inside and outside of the classroom.

year: 2017