title: Using groundwater for hydro electric power generation

authors: Bardsley, W. Earl

subjects: groundwater

abstract: Controlled groundwater abstraction could be used to offset the effects of drought by augmenting river discharge for power generation during times of low natural flows, such as occurred in New Zealand during the winter of 1992. Augmenting river discharge with groundwater reduces the impact of a drought by spreading its effect over the recovery time of the aquifer. Groundwater could be introduced as an operational component for hydro generation in various ways. Fast-recovery aquifers might be operated as part of a normal daily hydro electric water storage and release. Existing hydro lakes might have their storage capacity increased by extending horizontal bores into the country from the lake shorelines, or by diverting any lake spillage onto artificial recharge zones. Water from deep pumped bores in vertical transmissive fault or shatter zones could augment mountain rivers for power generation. Flows might be augmented in low-relief regions by extensive fields of standard pumped bores. New kinds of hydro scheme that would allow power generation from sites where ecological or physical constraints prevent the usual forms of hydro development may be feasible. New Zealand localities for possible operational use of groundwater include the Mackenzie Basin and associated headwaters, the Volcanic Plateau, the Taupo region, and Westland. Small stand-alone groundwater power schemes may be possible in Campbell Island, the Chatham Islands, Great Barrier Island and Stewart Island.

text: Using groundwater for hydro electric power generation Controlled groundwater abstraction could be used to offset the effects of drought by augmenting river discharge for power generation during times of low natural flows, such as occurred in New Zealand during the winter of 1992. Augmenting river discharge with groundwater reduces the impact of a drought by spreading its effect over the recovery time of the aquifer. Groundwater could be introduced as an operational component for hydro generation in various ways. Fast-recovery aquifers might be operated as part of a normal daily hydro electric water storage and release. Existing hydro lakes might have their storage capacity increased by extending horizontal bores into the country from the lake shorelines, or by diverting any lake spillage onto artificial recharge zones. Water from deep pumped bores in vertical transmissive fault or shatter zones could augment mountain rivers for power generation. Flows might be augmented in low-relief regions by extensive fields of standard pumped bores. New kinds of hydro scheme that would allow power generation from sites where ecological or physical constraints prevent the usual forms of hydro development may be feasible. New Zealand localities for possible operational use of groundwater include the Mackenzie Basin and associated headwaters, the Volcanic Plateau, the Taupo region, and Westland. Small stand-alone groundwater power schemes may be possible in Campbell Island, the Chatham Islands, Great Barrier Island and Stewart Island.

year: 1995

title: A detailed investigation of memory requirements for publish/subscribe filtering algorithms

authors: Bittner, Sven

subjects: computer science

abstract: Various filtering algorithms for publish/subscribe systems have been proposed. One distinguishing characteristic is their internal representation of Boolean subscriptions: They either require conversions into DNFs (canonical approaches) or are directly exploited in event filtering (non-canonical approaches). 
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis and comparison of the memory requirements of canonical and non-canonical filtering algorithms. This includes a theoretical analysis of space usages as well as a verification of our theoretical results by an evaluation of a practical implementation. This practical analysis also considers time (filter) efficiency, which is the other important quality measure of filtering algorithms. By correlating the results of space and time efficiency, we conclude when to use non-canonical and canonical approaches.

text: A detailed investigation of memory requirements for publish/subscribe filtering algorithms Various filtering algorithms for publish/subscribe systems have been proposed. One distinguishing characteristic is their internal representation of Boolean subscriptions: They either require conversions into DNFs (canonical approaches) or are directly exploited in event filtering (non-canonical approaches). 
In this paper, we present a detailed analysis and comparison of the memory requirements of canonical and non-canonical filtering algorithms. This includes a theoretical analysis of space usages as well as a verification of our theoretical results by an evaluation of a practical implementation. This practical analysis also considers time (filter) efficiency, which is the other important quality measure of filtering algorithms. By correlating the results of space and time efficiency, we conclude when to use non-canonical and canonical approaches.

year: 2005

title: Experiencing cultural tourism: Visitors at the Maori Arts and Crafts Institute, New Zealand

authors: Ryan, Chris

subjects: indigenous tourism

abstract: This study reports results derived from semistructured interviews with 40 visitors to the Maori Arts and Crafts Institute in Rotorua, New Zealand. The article discusses briefly the mode of data capture used and adopts an approach of identifying classifications of a primarily functional nature to list reasons why people visit such a site and what it is they seek. In general, visitors reported high levels of satisfaction, yet the cultural component of their experience was primarily reported in terms of the visit being informative and entertaining. Additionally, whereas modest levels of interest in things Maori seemed to motivate visits to other Maori sites, the actual list of other locations being nominated was few in number. The impression results that visits are made to Maori sites because this is a "done thing" when visiting New Zealand, but overall, the level of interest shown by most visitors in indigenous culture is modest.

text: Experiencing cultural tourism: Visitors at the Maori Arts and Crafts Institute, New Zealand This study reports results derived from semistructured interviews with 40 visitors to the Maori Arts and Crafts Institute in Rotorua, New Zealand. The article discusses briefly the mode of data capture used and adopts an approach of identifying classifications of a primarily functional nature to list reasons why people visit such a site and what it is they seek. In general, visitors reported high levels of satisfaction, yet the cultural component of their experience was primarily reported in terms of the visit being informative and entertaining. Additionally, whereas modest levels of interest in things Maori seemed to motivate visits to other Maori sites, the actual list of other locations being nominated was few in number. The impression results that visits are made to Maori sites because this is a "done thing" when visiting New Zealand, but overall, the level of interest shown by most visitors in indigenous culture is modest.

year: 2006