title: Application of Bayesian networks for sustainability assessment in catchment modeling and management (Case study: The Hablehrood river catchment)

authors: Keshtkar, A.R.

subjects: Bayesian network

abstract: Catchment management is a process which increases the sustainable development and management of all catchment resources in order to maximize the balance among socioeconomic welfare and the sustainability of vital ecosystems. The increase of anthropogenic activities within river catchments causes degradation and serious problems for stakeholders and managers, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although there are many techniques for solving these problems, it is not easy for catchment managers to apply them. An integrated Bayesian network model framework was applied to evaluate the sustainability of a semi-arid river catchment located in the Iranian Central Plateau river basin encompassing 32.6 km2 area on the Hablehrood river catchment, located in the northern part of the Iranian Central Plateau river basin. The research illustrated the assessment of the relevant management problems, the model framework, and the techniques applied to extract input data. Results for the study area implementation and a suggestion for management are described and discussed.

text: Application of Bayesian networks for sustainability assessment in catchment modeling and management (Case study: The Hablehrood river catchment) Catchment management is a process which increases the sustainable development and management of all catchment resources in order to maximize the balance among socioeconomic welfare and the sustainability of vital ecosystems. The increase of anthropogenic activities within river catchments causes degradation and serious problems for stakeholders and managers, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Although there are many techniques for solving these problems, it is not easy for catchment managers to apply them. An integrated Bayesian network model framework was applied to evaluate the sustainability of a semi-arid river catchment located in the Iranian Central Plateau river basin encompassing 32.6 km2 area on the Hablehrood river catchment, located in the northern part of the Iranian Central Plateau river basin. The research illustrated the assessment of the relevant management problems, the model framework, and the techniques applied to extract input data. Results for the study area implementation and a suggestion for management are described and discussed.

year: 2013

title: The first crushing at Waiorongomai, November 1883

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: By the time the battery was ready to crush the first batches of ore, expectations were high – too high. On 1 November 1883, when treatment started, suspicions of unethical conduct were raised by its being done in secrecy, suspicions raised even higher when, unexpectedly, the amalgam was squeezed in cold rather than hot water, as was usual. This method of treatment lowered the expected yield, causing much discontent, and the crushing proved that the ore in some mines expected to be profitable was unpayable. 
Although the outcome was generally disappointing, some retained hope for the future. But share prices soon declining significantly, a fall encouraged by suspicions of share market manipulation, insider trading, and speculation. Not being a poor man’s field because it contained so much low-grade ore with little possibility of discovering bonanzas, more prospecting and more crushing power was required. After such a long time waiting for large-scale crushing, the circumstances and results of the first treatment turned out to be a very bad start for the field, which for many would never overcome its bad reputation.

text: The first crushing at Waiorongomai, November 1883 By the time the battery was ready to crush the first batches of ore, expectations were high – too high. On 1 November 1883, when treatment started, suspicions of unethical conduct were raised by its being done in secrecy, suspicions raised even higher when, unexpectedly, the amalgam was squeezed in cold rather than hot water, as was usual. This method of treatment lowered the expected yield, causing much discontent, and the crushing proved that the ore in some mines expected to be profitable was unpayable. 
Although the outcome was generally disappointing, some retained hope for the future. But share prices soon declining significantly, a fall encouraged by suspicions of share market manipulation, insider trading, and speculation. Not being a poor man’s field because it contained so much low-grade ore with little possibility of discovering bonanzas, more prospecting and more crushing power was required. After such a long time waiting for large-scale crushing, the circumstances and results of the first treatment turned out to be a very bad start for the field, which for many would never overcome its bad reputation.

year: 2016

title: Accommodating multiculturalism and biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand: implication for language education.

authors: May, Stephen

subjects: bilingual education

abstract: The field of language education in Aotearoa New Zealand, as elsewhere, has developed significantly since its early and almost exclusive focus on the acquisition of English literacy in schools. As the field has expanded, so too has the range of language education sectors addressed and the theoretical approaches and understandings employed in relation to language and literacy education. Both developments have resulted in a more coordinated literacy education policy - exemplified to date most clearly in the New Zealand Literacy Taskforce - and a more situated, less monolithic understanding of the widely different literacies available to learners. Despite these developments, however, one area still remains noticeably under-theorised and marginalized in relation to the ongoing development of language and literacy education policy in Aotearoa New Zealand - the place of second language learners within it. This paper explores this lacuna and the potential policy implications of addressing and integrating first and second language educational concerns within an evolving national literacy education policy. This has particular implications for the further development of bilingual education - both for Maori and, possibly, other minority groups - and for the related possibilities of multicultural education. It also requires a wider and clearer recognition of minority language education rights, as developed within both international law and political theory, in order to apply these rights appropriately to an Aotearoa New Zealand context which is currently witnessing rapid and extensive demographic (and linguistic) change.

text: Accommodating multiculturalism and biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand: implication for language education. The field of language education in Aotearoa New Zealand, as elsewhere, has developed significantly since its early and almost exclusive focus on the acquisition of English literacy in schools. As the field has expanded, so too has the range of language education sectors addressed and the theoretical approaches and understandings employed in relation to language and literacy education. Both developments have resulted in a more coordinated literacy education policy - exemplified to date most clearly in the New Zealand Literacy Taskforce - and a more situated, less monolithic understanding of the widely different literacies available to learners. Despite these developments, however, one area still remains noticeably under-theorised and marginalized in relation to the ongoing development of language and literacy education policy in Aotearoa New Zealand - the place of second language learners within it. This paper explores this lacuna and the potential policy implications of addressing and integrating first and second language educational concerns within an evolving national literacy education policy. This has particular implications for the further development of bilingual education - both for Maori and, possibly, other minority groups - and for the related possibilities of multicultural education. It also requires a wider and clearer recognition of minority language education rights, as developed within both international law and political theory, in order to apply these rights appropriately to an Aotearoa New Zealand context which is currently witnessing rapid and extensive demographic (and linguistic) change.

year: 2002