title: William Godwin and Catholicism

authors: Weston, Rowland

abstract: This essay traces Godwin‘s changing attitude to Catholicism by exploring a variety of texts generally considered marginal to his  oeuvre and a hitherto unexamined selection of his unpublished manuscripts.

text: William Godwin and Catholicism This essay traces Godwin‘s changing attitude to Catholicism by exploring a variety of texts generally considered marginal to his  oeuvre and a hitherto unexamined selection of his unpublished manuscripts.

year: 2012-07-02

title: Real Time NMR Analysis of Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Reactions

authors: Wang, Yuan

subjects: Melamine

abstract: This investigation was carried out on behalf of the Momentive Specialty Chemicals Pty Ltd, Mt Maunganui. The aim of the investigation was to develop a method to analyse the formation of melamine formaldehyde resins via an in situ real time NMR experiment leading to quantitative NMR intensities of the resin up to the stages of its Industrial Resin Endpoint (IRE). 
In order to run an in situ reaction for the melamine formaldehyde resin system and monitor it in real time, both qualitative and quantitative NMR acquisition methods were required. The qualitative method was power gated and used to obtain results in situ and in real time. However to render it quantitative, it was necessary to develop a quantitative method which was initially executed to obtain a conversion factor for relating the qualitative results obtained in the in situ experiment to quantitative results performed by doing inverse gated NMR spectra on a final form of the resin.  The development of this technique required the determination of the longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of the species within the melamine reaction as these were required to derive the necessary repetition rates employed in the NMR acquisition methods.
In general, this project involved the development of  the above mentioned NMR analytical protocols with tailoring to run this type of experiment in a 5 mm NMR tube using a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer whereby previous research on urea and phenol formaldehyde resins and employing identical NMR methodologies had relied on analyses conducted in a 10 mm NMR tube on a 300 MHz NMR instrument. 
As a result, reaction profiles of the melamine resin reaction were obtained during a real time experiment. The reaction profiles of the addition stage of the melamine resin reaction showed that the increase in the methylol melamine species occurs very fast and is justified by the exponential decay of the methylene glycol species corresponding to the formaldehyde solution. The condensation stages of the resin reaction were also observed until the IRE. The reaction profiles of the ether and methylene bridge links are clearly given showing that ether linkages predominate in the addition stage and plateaus, and methylene linkages only increase after the addition stage of the reaction. They provided insight to the reaction progress corresponding to addition and condensation stages of the melamine resin reaction.

text: Real Time NMR Analysis of Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Reactions This investigation was carried out on behalf of the Momentive Specialty Chemicals Pty Ltd, Mt Maunganui. The aim of the investigation was to develop a method to analyse the formation of melamine formaldehyde resins via an in situ real time NMR experiment leading to quantitative NMR intensities of the resin up to the stages of its Industrial Resin Endpoint (IRE). 
In order to run an in situ reaction for the melamine formaldehyde resin system and monitor it in real time, both qualitative and quantitative NMR acquisition methods were required. The qualitative method was power gated and used to obtain results in situ and in real time. However to render it quantitative, it was necessary to develop a quantitative method which was initially executed to obtain a conversion factor for relating the qualitative results obtained in the in situ experiment to quantitative results performed by doing inverse gated NMR spectra on a final form of the resin.  The development of this technique required the determination of the longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of the species within the melamine reaction as these were required to derive the necessary repetition rates employed in the NMR acquisition methods.
In general, this project involved the development of  the above mentioned NMR analytical protocols with tailoring to run this type of experiment in a 5 mm NMR tube using a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer whereby previous research on urea and phenol formaldehyde resins and employing identical NMR methodologies had relied on analyses conducted in a 10 mm NMR tube on a 300 MHz NMR instrument. 
As a result, reaction profiles of the melamine resin reaction were obtained during a real time experiment. The reaction profiles of the addition stage of the melamine resin reaction showed that the increase in the methylol melamine species occurs very fast and is justified by the exponential decay of the methylene glycol species corresponding to the formaldehyde solution. The condensation stages of the resin reaction were also observed until the IRE. The reaction profiles of the ether and methylene bridge links are clearly given showing that ether linkages predominate in the addition stage and plateaus, and methylene linkages only increase after the addition stage of the reaction. They provided insight to the reaction progress corresponding to addition and condensation stages of the melamine resin reaction.

year: 2012

title: Kotahi anō te tupuna o te tangata Māori, ko Ranginui e tū nei, ko Papatūānuku e takato nei. Colonisation through Christianity

authors: Wallace, Ritane

subjects: Christianity

abstract: This thesis will look at the role that Christianity and the missionaries played in the colonisation of Māori during the 1800s. With discussion about the colonisation of Aotearoa, it is generally felt within the Christian community that the work of the missionaries and the Crown are separate and therefore the universal belief is that the missionaries are pardoned from the critique of their work here in Aotearoa. However, Christianity throughout history has always been a doorway for the British Empire to enter land that was not their own.
  
It is widely accepted from the viewpoint of Christianity that it holds a religious superiority over all Indigenous people and their religions dating back to Pope Alexander VI and the issuing of the Papal Bull “Inter Caetera” in 1493 to justify Christian European explorers’ claims on land and waterways they allegedly discovered. Christian hegemony shaped missionary views of the ‘other’ and justified the assimilation of Indigenous people into European Christianity. The negative effects of Christianity on Māori far outweigh the positives as mission stations up and down Aotearoa contributed heavily to the loss of language, religion, and land, the three foundational pillars of Māori and other Indigenous peoples around the world.
   
The thesis seeks to hold the missionaries and Christianity to account for its contribution to the colonisation and religious assimilation of Māori into a foreign and unrelated belief system.

text: Kotahi anō te tupuna o te tangata Māori, ko Ranginui e tū nei, ko Papatūānuku e takato nei. Colonisation through Christianity This thesis will look at the role that Christianity and the missionaries played in the colonisation of Māori during the 1800s. With discussion about the colonisation of Aotearoa, it is generally felt within the Christian community that the work of the missionaries and the Crown are separate and therefore the universal belief is that the missionaries are pardoned from the critique of their work here in Aotearoa. However, Christianity throughout history has always been a doorway for the British Empire to enter land that was not their own.
  
It is widely accepted from the viewpoint of Christianity that it holds a religious superiority over all Indigenous people and their religions dating back to Pope Alexander VI and the issuing of the Papal Bull “Inter Caetera” in 1493 to justify Christian European explorers’ claims on land and waterways they allegedly discovered. Christian hegemony shaped missionary views of the ‘other’ and justified the assimilation of Indigenous people into European Christianity. The negative effects of Christianity on Māori far outweigh the positives as mission stations up and down Aotearoa contributed heavily to the loss of language, religion, and land, the three foundational pillars of Māori and other Indigenous peoples around the world.
   
The thesis seeks to hold the missionaries and Christianity to account for its contribution to the colonisation and religious assimilation of Māori into a foreign and unrelated belief system.

year: 2021