title: Exact solutions for steady state, spine, and fan magnetic reconnection

authors: Craig, Ian J.D.

abstract: The problem of steady state, incompressible magnetic reconnection in three dimensions is addressed. It is shown that exact reconnection solutions can be constructed by superposing nonlinear disturbances onto three-dimensional magnetic AT-points. There are two distinct families of reconnection solutions. These can be understood in terms of the eigenstructure of the null, that is, in terms of the "spine" curves and "fan" surfaces that define the separatrices of the field. One family of solutions is driven by disturbances in the fan and involves quasi-cylindrical current structures aligned to the axis of the spine; the other is associated with advection across the spine and a global current sheet aligned to the fan. Although both spine and fan solutions reduce to the two-dimensional analytic, shear-flow solutions of Craig & Henton, the three-dimensional spine current formulation allows far richer reconnective current structures. © 1996, The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

text: Exact solutions for steady state, spine, and fan magnetic reconnection The problem of steady state, incompressible magnetic reconnection in three dimensions is addressed. It is shown that exact reconnection solutions can be constructed by superposing nonlinear disturbances onto three-dimensional magnetic AT-points. There are two distinct families of reconnection solutions. These can be understood in terms of the eigenstructure of the null, that is, in terms of the "spine" curves and "fan" surfaces that define the separatrices of the field. One family of solutions is driven by disturbances in the fan and involves quasi-cylindrical current structures aligned to the axis of the spine; the other is associated with advection across the spine and a global current sheet aligned to the fan. Although both spine and fan solutions reduce to the two-dimensional analytic, shear-flow solutions of Craig & Henton, the three-dimensional spine current formulation allows far richer reconnective current structures. © 1996, The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.

year: 1996

title: Willingness-to-pay for renewable energy: Primary and discretionary choice of British households' for micro-generation technologies

authors: Scarpa, Riccardo

subjects: renewable energy

abstract: This paper documents the policy context of renewable energy production in the European Union. The research adopts a choice experiment approach to investigate households' WTP for these renewable energy technologies in the UK. The micro-generation technologies comprise solar photovoltaic, micro-wind, solar thermal, heat pumps, and biomass boilers and pellet stoves. The study compares the results from conditional and mixed logit models, which estimate the distribution of utility coefficients and then derives WTP values as a ratio of the attribute coefficient to the price coefficient, with a model in which the WTP distribution is estimated directly from utility in the money space. The results suggest that whilst renewable energy adoption is significantly valued by households, this value is not sufficiently large, for the vast majority of households, to cover the higher capital costs of micro-generation energy technologies.

text: Willingness-to-pay for renewable energy: Primary and discretionary choice of British households' for micro-generation technologies This paper documents the policy context of renewable energy production in the European Union. The research adopts a choice experiment approach to investigate households' WTP for these renewable energy technologies in the UK. The micro-generation technologies comprise solar photovoltaic, micro-wind, solar thermal, heat pumps, and biomass boilers and pellet stoves. The study compares the results from conditional and mixed logit models, which estimate the distribution of utility coefficients and then derives WTP values as a ratio of the attribute coefficient to the price coefficient, with a model in which the WTP distribution is estimated directly from utility in the money space. The results suggest that whilst renewable energy adoption is significantly valued by households, this value is not sufficiently large, for the vast majority of households, to cover the higher capital costs of micro-generation energy technologies.

year: 2010

title: Māori academic success: Why the deficit perspectives?

authors: Aporosa, S. 'Apo'

subjects: Māori

abstract: Academics have long discussed the power of communication to both motivate and discourage. Concerning education, Paulo Freire (1997) had explained the dialogical learning process and the empowerment that comes from the inclusion of student knowledge. Alternatively, Carlson & Dimitriadis (2003) describe disempowerment and underachievement among Afro-American students resulting from societal expectations that they will fail. In a recent education environment scan focused on the Waikato-Tainui rohe, 28 kaupapa Māori education providers were identified as sites of high educational success, with one described as “outshining private schools and bucking national trends” (Carson, 2013). This aside, perceptions of generalized educational failure among Māori are commonplace in Aotearoa New Zealand. These impressions are fed by the media, the Ministry of Education (MOE) and in some cases, academic publications. This paper discusses the power of deficit models and counter-narratives to academic underachievement. This will be juxtaposed with commentary on why some students and their education providers within the Waikato-Tainui rohe appear to be unaffected by these counter- narratives and deficit theorizing.

text: Māori academic success: Why the deficit perspectives? Academics have long discussed the power of communication to both motivate and discourage. Concerning education, Paulo Freire (1997) had explained the dialogical learning process and the empowerment that comes from the inclusion of student knowledge. Alternatively, Carlson & Dimitriadis (2003) describe disempowerment and underachievement among Afro-American students resulting from societal expectations that they will fail. In a recent education environment scan focused on the Waikato-Tainui rohe, 28 kaupapa Māori education providers were identified as sites of high educational success, with one described as “outshining private schools and bucking national trends” (Carson, 2013). This aside, perceptions of generalized educational failure among Māori are commonplace in Aotearoa New Zealand. These impressions are fed by the media, the Ministry of Education (MOE) and in some cases, academic publications. This paper discusses the power of deficit models and counter-narratives to academic underachievement. This will be juxtaposed with commentary on why some students and their education providers within the Waikato-Tainui rohe appear to be unaffected by these counter- narratives and deficit theorizing.

year: 2016