title: Social work and human services best practice [Book review]

authors: Piercy, Gemma Louise

subjects: book review

abstract: This article reviews the book: “Social work and human services best practice”, edited by Wing Hong Chui and Jill Wilson, Annandale, The Federation Press.

text: Social work and human services best practice [Book review] This article reviews the book: “Social work and human services best practice”, edited by Wing Hong Chui and Jill Wilson, Annandale, The Federation Press.

year: 2010-11

title: Study of the Effects of Key Processing Parameters on the Cost and Quality of Ti-Al Powders Produced Using the TiPro Process

authors: Sichone, Kenneth

subjects: TiPro Process

abstract: The high cost of titanium has motivated a global drive to research and develop low-cost titanium production technologies. In New Zealand, the TiPro process has been invented at the University of Waikato. The process starts with a combustion reaction between TiO₂ and Al powders, followed by: solid/liquid separation by extrusion which separates the metal rich liquid from the Al₂O₃ solid. The metal-rich phase is subsequently purified to reduce its oxygen content to acceptable level (e.g. <0.3 wt%).
The aim of this study was to establish such key relationships required to maximise the yield of Ti-Al and quality of the Ti-Al powder product. An in-depth understanding of the effects of key process parameters (e.g. heating rate, temperature, time and pressure) and starting TiO₂/Al composite powder characteristics (e.g. microstructure and compressibility) on the quality, production rate and cost of Ti-Al based powders was achieved. The solid/liquid separation step was identified to be most critical in determining the quality and cost of Ti-Al powders produced using the TiPro process. The results indicated that the microstructure of reactant powders, wetting properties of TiAl alloy on the Al₂O₃ particles, the viscosity of the liquid TiAl and the degree of saturation of the combustion product with liquid TiAl are some of the major factors in the extraction of TiAl from the combustion product using extrusion as the solid/liquid separation technique. In the current state of the invention, where the alloy is extracted by extruding the combustion product, the TiPro process is not viable due to poor yields. The throughput, alloy product purity and yield of the TiPro process are constrained by the solid/ liquid separation unit operation. When extrusion is the sole separation technique, the alloy yields are limited to only 10% of total input. This falls far below the minimum yield, (60%) that is required to make the process economically viable. Therefore, unless the solid/ liquid separation is supplemented by other separation techniques, such as froth flotation and leaching, the cost of producing titanium alloy powders by the TiPro process will be high and the quality of the alloy poor, consequently making the process uneconomical. 
This study has demonstrated that froth flotation can recover 65.7 wt% of TiAl content of the extrusion by-product into a 71.0 wt% TiAl grade product. This corresponds to removing 20 wt% of the total Al₂O₃ contained in the extrusion by-product (flotation feed). The potential exists to increase the TiAl grade further by multiple flotation stages. However, further work is required to investigate more suitable reagents than the HF acid that was used to activate Al₂O₃ in this study.

text: Study of the Effects of Key Processing Parameters on the Cost and Quality of Ti-Al Powders Produced Using the TiPro Process The high cost of titanium has motivated a global drive to research and develop low-cost titanium production technologies. In New Zealand, the TiPro process has been invented at the University of Waikato. The process starts with a combustion reaction between TiO₂ and Al powders, followed by: solid/liquid separation by extrusion which separates the metal rich liquid from the Al₂O₃ solid. The metal-rich phase is subsequently purified to reduce its oxygen content to acceptable level (e.g. <0.3 wt%).
The aim of this study was to establish such key relationships required to maximise the yield of Ti-Al and quality of the Ti-Al powder product. An in-depth understanding of the effects of key process parameters (e.g. heating rate, temperature, time and pressure) and starting TiO₂/Al composite powder characteristics (e.g. microstructure and compressibility) on the quality, production rate and cost of Ti-Al based powders was achieved. The solid/liquid separation step was identified to be most critical in determining the quality and cost of Ti-Al powders produced using the TiPro process. The results indicated that the microstructure of reactant powders, wetting properties of TiAl alloy on the Al₂O₃ particles, the viscosity of the liquid TiAl and the degree of saturation of the combustion product with liquid TiAl are some of the major factors in the extraction of TiAl from the combustion product using extrusion as the solid/liquid separation technique. In the current state of the invention, where the alloy is extracted by extruding the combustion product, the TiPro process is not viable due to poor yields. The throughput, alloy product purity and yield of the TiPro process are constrained by the solid/ liquid separation unit operation. When extrusion is the sole separation technique, the alloy yields are limited to only 10% of total input. This falls far below the minimum yield, (60%) that is required to make the process economically viable. Therefore, unless the solid/ liquid separation is supplemented by other separation techniques, such as froth flotation and leaching, the cost of producing titanium alloy powders by the TiPro process will be high and the quality of the alloy poor, consequently making the process uneconomical. 
This study has demonstrated that froth flotation can recover 65.7 wt% of TiAl content of the extrusion by-product into a 71.0 wt% TiAl grade product. This corresponds to removing 20 wt% of the total Al₂O₃ contained in the extrusion by-product (flotation feed). The potential exists to increase the TiAl grade further by multiple flotation stages. However, further work is required to investigate more suitable reagents than the HF acid that was used to activate Al₂O₃ in this study.

year: 2015

title: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life

authors: Cartney, Ann M. Mc

abstract: The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

text: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

year: 2022