title: A scalable approach to joint cyber insurance and security-as-a-service provisioning in cloud computing

authors: Chase, Jonathan

subjects: computer science

abstract: As computing services are increasingly cloud-based, corporations are investing in cloud-based security measures. The Security-asa- Service (SECaaS) paradigm allows customers to outsource security to the cloud, through the payment of a subscription fee. However, no security system is bulletproof, and even one successful attack can result in the loss of data and revenue worth millions of dollars. To guard against this eventuality, customers may also purchase cyber insurance to receive recompense in the case of loss. To achieve cost effectiveness, it is necessary to balance provisioning of security and insurance, even when future costs and risks are uncertain. To this end, we introduce a stochastic optimization model to optimally provision security and insurance services in the cloud. Since the model we design is a mixed integer problem, we also introduce a partial Lagrange multiplier algorithm that takes advantage of the total unimodularity property to find the solution in polynomial time. We also apply sensitivity analysis to find the exact tolerance of decision variables to parameter changes. We show the effectiveness of these techniques using numerical results based on real attack data to demonstrate a realistic testing environment, and find that security and insurance are interdependent.

text: A scalable approach to joint cyber insurance and security-as-a-service provisioning in cloud computing As computing services are increasingly cloud-based, corporations are investing in cloud-based security measures. The Security-asa- Service (SECaaS) paradigm allows customers to outsource security to the cloud, through the payment of a subscription fee. However, no security system is bulletproof, and even one successful attack can result in the loss of data and revenue worth millions of dollars. To guard against this eventuality, customers may also purchase cyber insurance to receive recompense in the case of loss. To achieve cost effectiveness, it is necessary to balance provisioning of security and insurance, even when future costs and risks are uncertain. To this end, we introduce a stochastic optimization model to optimally provision security and insurance services in the cloud. Since the model we design is a mixed integer problem, we also introduce a partial Lagrange multiplier algorithm that takes advantage of the total unimodularity property to find the solution in polynomial time. We also apply sensitivity analysis to find the exact tolerance of decision variables to parameter changes. We show the effectiveness of these techniques using numerical results based on real attack data to demonstrate a realistic testing environment, and find that security and insurance are interdependent.

year: 2017

title: e-local government in New Zealand: The shifting policymaker view

authors: Dillon, Stuart M.

subjects: governmental issues

abstract: The New Zealand government has a strategy in place to establish an e-government infrastructure that is
intended to allow citizens and government agencies to interact electronically. This paper reports the results of a
longitudinal study designed to track the development of e-local government initiatives in New Zealand since 2000.
Identical surveys conducted four years apart show heightened recognition by policy makers of sixteen key policy issues
judged vital for e-government success; as well as increasing sophistication of local authority websites. The results also
indicate that, while the majority of NZ e-government websites appear to have been created to provide information to
citizens, there remain many opportunities to use such a vehicle strategically. It is anticipated these results will be of
interest both to local and central government policy makers, and to other e-government researchers.

text: e-local government in New Zealand: The shifting policymaker view The New Zealand government has a strategy in place to establish an e-government infrastructure that is
intended to allow citizens and government agencies to interact electronically. This paper reports the results of a
longitudinal study designed to track the development of e-local government initiatives in New Zealand since 2000.
Identical surveys conducted four years apart show heightened recognition by policy makers of sixteen key policy issues
judged vital for e-government success; as well as increasing sophistication of local authority websites. The results also
indicate that, while the majority of NZ e-government websites appear to have been created to provide information to
citizens, there remain many opportunities to use such a vehicle strategically. It is anticipated these results will be of
interest both to local and central government policy makers, and to other e-government researchers.

year: 2006

title: Effective teaching for indigenous and minoritized students

authors: Bishop, Russell

subjects: effective teaching profile

abstract: Te Kotahitanga is a kaupapa Māori research and professional development project currently operating in 33 mainstream secondary schools. This project was developed in response to the ongoing problem of educational disparities for Māori students, one of New Zealand's most pressing educational issues. From initial conversations with Maori students, their families, their principals and their teachers about what constituted effective teaching understandings and practice for Maori students, we developed an Effective Teaching Profile. This Profile is central to the professional development work that has been implemented in Te Kotahitanga schools with notable increases in a range of outcomes for Maori students.

text: Effective teaching for indigenous and minoritized students Te Kotahitanga is a kaupapa Māori research and professional development project currently operating in 33 mainstream secondary schools. This project was developed in response to the ongoing problem of educational disparities for Māori students, one of New Zealand's most pressing educational issues. From initial conversations with Maori students, their families, their principals and their teachers about what constituted effective teaching understandings and practice for Maori students, we developed an Effective Teaching Profile. This Profile is central to the professional development work that has been implemented in Te Kotahitanga schools with notable increases in a range of outcomes for Maori students.

year: 2010