title: Pumped storage for reduced emissions?

authors: Bardsley, W. Earl

abstract: As part of a recent report on transitioning to a lower emissions economy (Productivity Commission, 2018), a case was made for electricity from expanded renewable sources to replace fossil fuel usage in industry, with concurrent adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).

text: Pumped storage for reduced emissions? As part of a recent report on transitioning to a lower emissions economy (Productivity Commission, 2018), a case was made for electricity from expanded renewable sources to replace fossil fuel usage in industry, with concurrent adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).

year: 2018

title: The effects of delay to reinforcement and inter-trial interval on fixed-ratio schedule performance

authors: Stuart, Stacey Louisa

abstract: A delay to reinforcement has been found in previous studies to influence the effectiveness of a reinforcer. As the delay duration increases, response rates decrease and post reinforcement pause durations increase. The present study tested whether it was the increase in time between the effective response and delivery of reinforcement, or, the increases in intervals between reinforcers that devalue the reinforcer. This study also compared the ability of two demand equations and MPR to predict response rates when effort required was changed. The effects of varying delay to reinforcement and intertrial interval on behaviour was examined while the time available for responding was kept constant. 
	There were four conditions; 4-s ITI, 4-s delay, 16-s ITI and 16-s delay, and 6 hens responded under each of these conditions in an ascending geometric series of fixed ratio (FR) values. It was shown that hens generally responded at a faster rate in the ITI conditions than the equivalent delay conditions and peak response rates were seen highest in the 16-s ITI condition in accordance with the demand data.  The data was described well by both the demand equations and the MPR equation. While there were inconsistencies among the parameters, there was a moderately strong positive relationships between the parameter values of as and α in the 16-s ITI (r = .51, p = 0.29) and delay (r = .44, p = .44) conditions.

text: The effects of delay to reinforcement and inter-trial interval on fixed-ratio schedule performance A delay to reinforcement has been found in previous studies to influence the effectiveness of a reinforcer. As the delay duration increases, response rates decrease and post reinforcement pause durations increase. The present study tested whether it was the increase in time between the effective response and delivery of reinforcement, or, the increases in intervals between reinforcers that devalue the reinforcer. This study also compared the ability of two demand equations and MPR to predict response rates when effort required was changed. The effects of varying delay to reinforcement and intertrial interval on behaviour was examined while the time available for responding was kept constant. 
	There were four conditions; 4-s ITI, 4-s delay, 16-s ITI and 16-s delay, and 6 hens responded under each of these conditions in an ascending geometric series of fixed ratio (FR) values. It was shown that hens generally responded at a faster rate in the ITI conditions than the equivalent delay conditions and peak response rates were seen highest in the 16-s ITI condition in accordance with the demand data.  The data was described well by both the demand equations and the MPR equation. While there were inconsistencies among the parameters, there was a moderately strong positive relationships between the parameter values of as and α in the 16-s ITI (r = .51, p = 0.29) and delay (r = .44, p = .44) conditions.

year: 2013

title: Fragmentation and Restoration: Generational Legacies of 21st Century Māori

authors: Malcolm-Buchanan, Vincent Alan

subjects: Maori

abstract: The content of this thesis is premised on a reflexive examination of some historical juxtapositions culminating in critical aspects of being Māori in the twenty first century and how such aspects have informed contemporary indigenous identity. That is, the continuing acknowledgement and exponential public recognition of critical concepts which inextricably link indigenous and civic identity. 

The theoretical sources for this research are, in the main, derived from anthropological and religious studies, particularly on the significance of mythologies and oral histories, as well as from the oral theorising of elders in Aotearoa New Zealand. A very significant contribution from one such elder, a senior Māori woman academic, has been included in the form of the transcript of an interview. She herself had collected the views of a number of elders on myth, creating a rare and valuable resource.  In the interview she married her reflections on these with her own experiences and her cogent analyses. 

From the outset, it was necessary to be discerning so as to ensure the thesis workload was manageable and realistic.  For this reason the selected critical aspects that have been used to frame this research are (1) a developing Western validation (that is, acknowledgement and respect) of Māori, Māori culture and their mythology; (2) oral history (genealogy) and traditions that have remained constant despite the influences of modernity; and (3) notions of fluidity, negotiation and pragmatism regarding kinship legacies and cultural heritage. The thesis is comprised of six chapters starting from a subjective narrative leading through increasingly objective discourses that culminate in a conclusion which supports a belief that modern Māori require a balancing of critical aspects of cultural heritage, with a broad understanding of the world of the 'other', in order to realise and develop their contemporary indigenous identity.

Ultimately, indigenous ideologies, practices and knowledge recorded and examined in the world of academia today, become potential resources for tomorrow. The intention of this research is to aggregate and discuss intrinsic aspects of the Māori past as well as developing aspects of the present, in order to better understand the significance of the future, and to add to the growing corpus of indigenous worldviews.

text: Fragmentation and Restoration: Generational Legacies of 21st Century Māori The content of this thesis is premised on a reflexive examination of some historical juxtapositions culminating in critical aspects of being Māori in the twenty first century and how such aspects have informed contemporary indigenous identity. That is, the continuing acknowledgement and exponential public recognition of critical concepts which inextricably link indigenous and civic identity. 

The theoretical sources for this research are, in the main, derived from anthropological and religious studies, particularly on the significance of mythologies and oral histories, as well as from the oral theorising of elders in Aotearoa New Zealand. A very significant contribution from one such elder, a senior Māori woman academic, has been included in the form of the transcript of an interview. She herself had collected the views of a number of elders on myth, creating a rare and valuable resource.  In the interview she married her reflections on these with her own experiences and her cogent analyses. 

From the outset, it was necessary to be discerning so as to ensure the thesis workload was manageable and realistic.  For this reason the selected critical aspects that have been used to frame this research are (1) a developing Western validation (that is, acknowledgement and respect) of Māori, Māori culture and their mythology; (2) oral history (genealogy) and traditions that have remained constant despite the influences of modernity; and (3) notions of fluidity, negotiation and pragmatism regarding kinship legacies and cultural heritage. The thesis is comprised of six chapters starting from a subjective narrative leading through increasingly objective discourses that culminate in a conclusion which supports a belief that modern Māori require a balancing of critical aspects of cultural heritage, with a broad understanding of the world of the 'other', in order to realise and develop their contemporary indigenous identity.

Ultimately, indigenous ideologies, practices and knowledge recorded and examined in the world of academia today, become potential resources for tomorrow. The intention of this research is to aggregate and discuss intrinsic aspects of the Māori past as well as developing aspects of the present, in order to better understand the significance of the future, and to add to the growing corpus of indigenous worldviews.

year: 2009