title: Computer concepts without computers: a first course in computer science

authors: Holmes, Geoffrey

subjects: computer science

abstract: While some institutions seek to make CS1 curricula more enjoyable by incorporating specialised educational software [1] or by setting more enjoyable programming assignments [2], we have joined the growing number of Computer Science departments that seek to improve the quality of the CS1 experience by focusing student attention away from the computer monitor [3,4]. Sophisticated computing concepts usually reserved for senior level courses are presented in a popular science manner, and given equal time alongside the essential introductory programming material. By exposing students to a broad range of specific computational problems we endeavour to make the introductory course more interesting and enjoyable, and instill in students a sense of vision for areas they might specialise in as computing majors.

text: Computer concepts without computers: a first course in computer science While some institutions seek to make CS1 curricula more enjoyable by incorporating specialised educational software [1] or by setting more enjoyable programming assignments [2], we have joined the growing number of Computer Science departments that seek to improve the quality of the CS1 experience by focusing student attention away from the computer monitor [3,4]. Sophisticated computing concepts usually reserved for senior level courses are presented in a popular science manner, and given equal time alongside the essential introductory programming material. By exposing students to a broad range of specific computational problems we endeavour to make the introductory course more interesting and enjoyable, and instill in students a sense of vision for areas they might specialise in as computing majors.

year: 1997-02

title: A multidimensional activity theory framework for human computer interaction with Digital Twins

authors: Adeel, Aleeza

subjects: Digital Twins

abstract: This paper introduces a human-centred framework to address the interaction and usability challenges of complex Digital Twin (DT) systems by proposing a new generation of Activity Theory, named Pyramidal Activity Theory (PAT). Digital twins are virtual representations of physical processes, systems, or components that are continuously synchronised with real-world data. Despite their growing adoption across industries, their graphical representation remains challenging due to the diversity of application domains, where multiple models—spanning different users, phases, and scales—are typically distributed across heterogeneous software packages. These complexities often result in inconsistencies, fragmented workflows, and communication barriers across domains. The proposed model builds upon the previous generation of activity theory, extending it into a 3D pyramidal structure while excluding motivational factors to focus exclusively on interaction mechanics. PAT provides a coherent model for designing unified, user-centred interfaces by capturing dynamic interactions among the key elements of DT systems—Users, Tools (Models), Live Data, Interfaces, and Outcomes—and their interrelationships. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate its applicability. Case Study 1 maps human–system interactions in advanced manufacturing, clarifying roles and activity flows to make the framework understandable and directly applicable for practitioners. Case Study 2 validates PAT through an implemented prototype for industrial energy optimisation.

The proposed model introduces a novel 3D interaction paradigm, providing a scalable and adaptable framework for digital twin interface design. It improves usability, standardisation, and decision-making by clarifying stakeholder roles, reducing cognitive load through “black-box” model integration, and ensuring consistent logic from regional planning to unit-level control. The paper concludes with future research directions, including usability testing, interface refinement, and alignment with interoperability and accessibility standards.

text: A multidimensional activity theory framework for human computer interaction with Digital Twins This paper introduces a human-centred framework to address the interaction and usability challenges of complex Digital Twin (DT) systems by proposing a new generation of Activity Theory, named Pyramidal Activity Theory (PAT). Digital twins are virtual representations of physical processes, systems, or components that are continuously synchronised with real-world data. Despite their growing adoption across industries, their graphical representation remains challenging due to the diversity of application domains, where multiple models—spanning different users, phases, and scales—are typically distributed across heterogeneous software packages. These complexities often result in inconsistencies, fragmented workflows, and communication barriers across domains. The proposed model builds upon the previous generation of activity theory, extending it into a 3D pyramidal structure while excluding motivational factors to focus exclusively on interaction mechanics. PAT provides a coherent model for designing unified, user-centred interfaces by capturing dynamic interactions among the key elements of DT systems—Users, Tools (Models), Live Data, Interfaces, and Outcomes—and their interrelationships. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate its applicability. Case Study 1 maps human–system interactions in advanced manufacturing, clarifying roles and activity flows to make the framework understandable and directly applicable for practitioners. Case Study 2 validates PAT through an implemented prototype for industrial energy optimisation.

The proposed model introduces a novel 3D interaction paradigm, providing a scalable and adaptable framework for digital twin interface design. It improves usability, standardisation, and decision-making by clarifying stakeholder roles, reducing cognitive load through “black-box” model integration, and ensuring consistent logic from regional planning to unit-level control. The paper concludes with future research directions, including usability testing, interface refinement, and alignment with interoperability and accessibility standards.

year: 2025

title: Utilising matauranga Maori to improve the social functioning of tangata whaiora in Maori mental health services

authors: Wirihana, Rebecca

subjects: Maori

abstract: Maori mental health services under the Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) have been utilising Matauranga Maori as a key community based intervention since the closing of the kaupapa Maori inpatient service (Manawaanui) in 2003. Kapa haka has been a central component in the provision of the marae based recovery programmes. The following paper is a review of the development and progress.

text: Utilising matauranga Maori to improve the social functioning of tangata whaiora in Maori mental health services Maori mental health services under the Auckland District Health Board (ADHB) have been utilising Matauranga Maori as a key community based intervention since the closing of the kaupapa Maori inpatient service (Manawaanui) in 2003. Kapa haka has been a central component in the provision of the marae based recovery programmes. The following paper is a review of the development and progress.

year: 2008