title: 'Soldiers and Shirkers': An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Service and Conscientious Objection in New Zealand During the Great War.

authors: Loveridge, Steven

subjects: First World War New Zealand

abstract: During the First World War, ideas of duty and sacrifice were a dominant
characteristic of public discourse in New Zealand. Specifically, concern centred on a
perceived inequality of sacrifice, which saw brave soldiers die on the front lines,
whilst other men remained on the home front, apparently avoiding duty. This thesis
charts the prevailing and powerful ideas that circulated during wartime New Zealand
around these two stereotypes; on the one hand there was the soldier, the ideal of
service and duty; on the other, the conscientious objector, a target for the derogatory
label of 'shirker'.
While there are a few select critical works which examine the experiences of New
Zealand World War One conscientious objectors, such We Will Not Cease (1939) and
Armageddon or Calvary (1919), there is a near complete absence of studies which
examine the home front and ask how conscientious objectors were perceived and
consequently judged as they were. It is the contention of this thesis that ideas around
the soldier and the 'shirker' were interrelated stereotypes and that both images
emerged from the process of mass mobilisation; a highly organised war effort which
was largely dependent for its success upon the cooperation of wider civilian society.
In sum, the thesis examines and analyses the ideas within mainstream New Zealand
society as they appeared in public sources (notably newspapers, cartoons and
government publications), and in doing so, tracks how social mores and views
towards duty, sacrifice and service were played out at a time of national and
international crisis.

text: 'Soldiers and Shirkers': An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Service and Conscientious Objection in New Zealand During the Great War. During the First World War, ideas of duty and sacrifice were a dominant
characteristic of public discourse in New Zealand. Specifically, concern centred on a
perceived inequality of sacrifice, which saw brave soldiers die on the front lines,
whilst other men remained on the home front, apparently avoiding duty. This thesis
charts the prevailing and powerful ideas that circulated during wartime New Zealand
around these two stereotypes; on the one hand there was the soldier, the ideal of
service and duty; on the other, the conscientious objector, a target for the derogatory
label of 'shirker'.
While there are a few select critical works which examine the experiences of New
Zealand World War One conscientious objectors, such We Will Not Cease (1939) and
Armageddon or Calvary (1919), there is a near complete absence of studies which
examine the home front and ask how conscientious objectors were perceived and
consequently judged as they were. It is the contention of this thesis that ideas around
the soldier and the 'shirker' were interrelated stereotypes and that both images
emerged from the process of mass mobilisation; a highly organised war effort which
was largely dependent for its success upon the cooperation of wider civilian society.
In sum, the thesis examines and analyses the ideas within mainstream New Zealand
society as they appeared in public sources (notably newspapers, cartoons and
government publications), and in doing so, tracks how social mores and views
towards duty, sacrifice and service were played out at a time of national and
international crisis.

year: 2009

title: The usability of open source software

authors: Nichols, David M.

subjects: computer science

abstract: Open source communities have successfully developed a great deal of software although most computer users only use proprietary applications. The usability of open source software is often regarded as one reason for this limited distribution. In this paper we review the existing evidence of the usability of open source software and discuss how the characteristics of open source development influence usability. We describe how existing human-computer interaction techniques can be used to leverage distributed networked communities, of developers and users, to address issues of usability.

text: The usability of open source software Open source communities have successfully developed a great deal of software although most computer users only use proprietary applications. The usability of open source software is often regarded as one reason for this limited distribution. In this paper we review the existing evidence of the usability of open source software and discuss how the characteristics of open source development influence usability. We describe how existing human-computer interaction techniques can be used to leverage distributed networked communities, of developers and users, to address issues of usability.

year: 2003-01

title: Effective teaching for indigenous and minoritized students

authors: Bishop, Russell

subjects: effective teaching profile

abstract: Te Kotahitanga is a kaupapa Māori research and professional development project currently operating in 33 mainstream secondary schools. This project was developed in response to the ongoing problem of educational disparities for Māori students, one of New Zealand's most pressing educational issues. From initial conversations with Maori students, their families, their principals and their teachers about what constituted effective teaching understandings and practice for Maori students, we developed an Effective Teaching Profile. This Profile is central to the professional development work that has been implemented in Te Kotahitanga schools with notable increases in a range of outcomes for Maori students.

text: Effective teaching for indigenous and minoritized students Te Kotahitanga is a kaupapa Māori research and professional development project currently operating in 33 mainstream secondary schools. This project was developed in response to the ongoing problem of educational disparities for Māori students, one of New Zealand's most pressing educational issues. From initial conversations with Maori students, their families, their principals and their teachers about what constituted effective teaching understandings and practice for Maori students, we developed an Effective Teaching Profile. This Profile is central to the professional development work that has been implemented in Te Kotahitanga schools with notable increases in a range of outcomes for Maori students.

year: 2010