title: Use of Ensembles of Fourier Spectra in Capturing Recurrent Concepts in Data Streams

authors: Sakthithasan, Sakthithasan

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: In this research, we apply ensembles of Fourier encoded spectra to capture and mine recurring concepts in a data stream environment. Previous research showed that compact versions of Decision Trees can be obtained by applying the Discrete Fourier Transform to accurately capture recurrent concepts in a data stream. However, in highly volatile environments where new concepts emerge often, the approach of encoding each concept in a separate spectrum is no longer viable due to memory overload and thus in this research we present an ensemble approach that addresses this problem. Our empirical results on real world data and synthetic data exhibiting varying degrees of recurrence reveal that the ensemble approach outperforms the single spectrum approach in terms of classification accuracy, memory and execution time.

text: Use of Ensembles of Fourier Spectra in Capturing Recurrent Concepts in Data Streams In this research, we apply ensembles of Fourier encoded spectra to capture and mine recurring concepts in a data stream environment. Previous research showed that compact versions of Decision Trees can be obtained by applying the Discrete Fourier Transform to accurately capture recurrent concepts in a data stream. However, in highly volatile environments where new concepts emerge often, the approach of encoding each concept in a separate spectrum is no longer viable due to memory overload and thus in this research we present an ensemble approach that addresses this problem. Our empirical results on real world data and synthetic data exhibiting varying degrees of recurrence reveal that the ensemble approach outperforms the single spectrum approach in terms of classification accuracy, memory and execution time.

year: 2015

title: Extraterritoriality and the Rule of Law

authors: Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor

abstract: This paper will focus on state responsibility. In particular, it will focus on the obligation of states under Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration 1992 “to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of … areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”.
The ideal of legal equality, or the universal application of the law to all persons (natural and juridical) by the ordinary courts is a key ingredient of the Rule of Law. This paper will therefore argue that extraterritorial legislation should be used by states to control the activities of non-state actors (e.g. citizens, permanent residents, and registered aircraft, companies, and ships) as a universal mechanism for preventing damage to the global environment generally - and areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (such as the Polar regions) in particular.
To address this central question the paper will critically examine and interrogate the legal and theoretical basis for extraterritorial legislation from the perspectives of constitutional law, criminal law, environmental law, and international law.

text: Extraterritoriality and the Rule of Law This paper will focus on state responsibility. In particular, it will focus on the obligation of states under Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration 1992 “to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of … areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”.
The ideal of legal equality, or the universal application of the law to all persons (natural and juridical) by the ordinary courts is a key ingredient of the Rule of Law. This paper will therefore argue that extraterritorial legislation should be used by states to control the activities of non-state actors (e.g. citizens, permanent residents, and registered aircraft, companies, and ships) as a universal mechanism for preventing damage to the global environment generally - and areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (such as the Polar regions) in particular.
To address this central question the paper will critically examine and interrogate the legal and theoretical basis for extraterritorial legislation from the perspectives of constitutional law, criminal law, environmental law, and international law.

year: 2020

title: Kei ō tātou ringa te rongoa? Is the remedy already at hand?
The assertion and application of tikanga as a valid and credible response to contemporary issues.

authors: Taitoko, Mikaere

subjects: tikanga

abstract: This thesis examines the notion that tikanga is well positioned to address issues confronting Māori and other indigenous groups who strive to achieve self-determination and the freedom to be and to do.  This work is inspired by the late John Te Rangi-āniwaniwa Rangihau’s statement, “Ko te rongoā kei roto i ō tātau ringa” (1987, p. 24), which promotes the notion that through culture and identity Māori already have within their grasp the answers to contemporary matters of import in te ao Māori.  This thesis inverts that statement and presents it as a question querying whether indeed the remedy is at hand and, if so, could tikanga and cultural identity be that remedy.  To that end this study deliberately sets out to examine if the rongoa of self-determination, power and freedom can be achieved by the assertion and application of Māori ways of being and doing, that is to say by exercising tikanga.
Understanding notions of tikanga, sovereignty, and indigeneity is pivotal to this study as is articulating the notion of third space.  This thesis argues that these four notions are interconnected when considering ideas of self-determination for disempowered groups.  A case study forms a large part of this work and focuses on an indigenous group operating from a pre-contact tupuna worldview and based on He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni 1835/Declaration of Independence of New Zealand 1835.  This particular group was chosen because it presented as being a point of intersect for the four notions of tikanga, sovereignty, indigeneity and the third space.
This thesis argues that whilst tikanga is a powerful mechanism for determining and rationalising ways of being and doing it has less to offer at a pragmatic level when it comes to effecting change in the status quo.  However, when overlaid with the third space lens new perspectives can be enunciated and new opportunities detected which in turn can lead to determining new actions.  Through this study it becomes clear that the assertion and application of tikanga contributes to, but on its own is not, the whole answer.

text: Kei ō tātou ringa te rongoa? Is the remedy already at hand?
The assertion and application of tikanga as a valid and credible response to contemporary issues. This thesis examines the notion that tikanga is well positioned to address issues confronting Māori and other indigenous groups who strive to achieve self-determination and the freedom to be and to do.  This work is inspired by the late John Te Rangi-āniwaniwa Rangihau’s statement, “Ko te rongoā kei roto i ō tātau ringa” (1987, p. 24), which promotes the notion that through culture and identity Māori already have within their grasp the answers to contemporary matters of import in te ao Māori.  This thesis inverts that statement and presents it as a question querying whether indeed the remedy is at hand and, if so, could tikanga and cultural identity be that remedy.  To that end this study deliberately sets out to examine if the rongoa of self-determination, power and freedom can be achieved by the assertion and application of Māori ways of being and doing, that is to say by exercising tikanga.
Understanding notions of tikanga, sovereignty, and indigeneity is pivotal to this study as is articulating the notion of third space.  This thesis argues that these four notions are interconnected when considering ideas of self-determination for disempowered groups.  A case study forms a large part of this work and focuses on an indigenous group operating from a pre-contact tupuna worldview and based on He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni 1835/Declaration of Independence of New Zealand 1835.  This particular group was chosen because it presented as being a point of intersect for the four notions of tikanga, sovereignty, indigeneity and the third space.
This thesis argues that whilst tikanga is a powerful mechanism for determining and rationalising ways of being and doing it has less to offer at a pragmatic level when it comes to effecting change in the status quo.  However, when overlaid with the third space lens new perspectives can be enunciated and new opportunities detected which in turn can lead to determining new actions.  Through this study it becomes clear that the assertion and application of tikanga contributes to, but on its own is not, the whole answer.

year: 2013