title: Electron and proton heating by solar wind turbulence

authors: Breech, Ben

subjects: solar wind turbulence

abstract: Previous formulations of heating and transport associated with strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are generalized to incorporate separate internal energy equations for electrons and protons. Electron heat conduction is included. Energy is supplied by turbulent heating that affects both electrons and protons and is exchanged between them via collisions. Comparison to available Ulysses data shows that a reasonable accounting for the data is provided when (1) the energy exchange timescale is very long and (2) the deposition of heat due to turbulence is divided, with 60% going to proton heating and 40% into electron heating. Heat conduction, determined here by an empirical fit, plays a major role in describing the electron data.

text: Electron and proton heating by solar wind turbulence Previous formulations of heating and transport associated with strong magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence are generalized to incorporate separate internal energy equations for electrons and protons. Electron heat conduction is included. Energy is supplied by turbulent heating that affects both electrons and protons and is exchanged between them via collisions. Comparison to available Ulysses data shows that a reasonable accounting for the data is provided when (1) the energy exchange timescale is very long and (2) the deposition of heat due to turbulence is divided, with 60% going to proton heating and 40% into electron heating. Heat conduction, determined here by an empirical fit, plays a major role in describing the electron data.

year: 2009

title: Towards Internet scale simulation

authors: McGregor, Anthony James

subjects: Discrete Event Simulation

abstract: Simulation of the Internet has long been understood to be very challenging mostly because of its scale, diversity and the lack of detailed knowledge of many of its components. However, two recent developments (macroscopic topology discovery and large memory servers) mean that some of these problems are now more tractable. Although problems like the lack of detailed link information remain, models are are useful for some problems that require an understanding of how an application interacts with the Internet as a whole. The paper presents is-0, an Internet Simulator. is-0 derives its model of Internet topology directly from the output of an Internet topology mapping project. Efficient design allows is-0 to simulate packet-by-packet, hop-by-hop behaviour at Internet scale. Validation of is-0, an example application and performance measurements are included.

text: Towards Internet scale simulation Simulation of the Internet has long been understood to be very challenging mostly because of its scale, diversity and the lack of detailed knowledge of many of its components. However, two recent developments (macroscopic topology discovery and large memory servers) mean that some of these problems are now more tractable. Although problems like the lack of detailed link information remain, models are are useful for some problems that require an understanding of how an application interacts with the Internet as a whole. The paper presents is-0, an Internet Simulator. is-0 derives its model of Internet topology directly from the output of an Internet topology mapping project. Efficient design allows is-0 to simulate packet-by-packet, hop-by-hop behaviour at Internet scale. Validation of is-0, an example application and performance measurements are included.

year: 2011

title: Te Tarata

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: This composition placed second in the Haka Composition Section. Te Tarata this composition commemorates the battle of Te Tarata in Te Whakatōhea 15 October 1865. This was the aftermath of the killing of the missionary Rev Carl Sylvius Volkner on the 2 March 1865. At the battle of Te Tarata it is recorded as the only calvary charge in the New Zealand Land Wars. Te Whakatōhea ingeniously wove around the palisade walls tī kouka (Cordyline australis) or cabbage tree. When the canon ball hit the palisades the tī kouka absorbed the force of the canon ball and rebounded the ball. 20 Te Whakatohea were killed and a number of others were wounded. This composition was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015.

text: Te Tarata This composition placed second in the Haka Composition Section. Te Tarata this composition commemorates the battle of Te Tarata in Te Whakatōhea 15 October 1865. This was the aftermath of the killing of the missionary Rev Carl Sylvius Volkner on the 2 March 1865. At the battle of Te Tarata it is recorded as the only calvary charge in the New Zealand Land Wars. Te Whakatōhea ingeniously wove around the palisade walls tī kouka (Cordyline australis) or cabbage tree. When the canon ball hit the palisades the tī kouka absorbed the force of the canon ball and rebounded the ball. 20 Te Whakatohea were killed and a number of others were wounded. This composition was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015.

year: 2014-10-10