title: Brexit and biobanking: GDPR perspectives

authors: Phillips, Andelka M.

subjects: GDPR

abstract: It is almost impossible to write a legal analysis of an event (Brexit) that has not happened and may never happen. This chapter nonetheless contributes to the edited collection in that it reports on the current legal position in the UK, and presents an analysis of two possible immediate post-Brexit legal futures, for data protection law as applicable to biobanking in the UK. These post-Brexit futures are the position if the draft Withdrawal Agreement is ratified and comes into force, and the position if it does not (a so-called ‘No Deal’ Brexit). The chapter concludes with some thoughts on possible longer term futures.

text: Brexit and biobanking: GDPR perspectives It is almost impossible to write a legal analysis of an event (Brexit) that has not happened and may never happen. This chapter nonetheless contributes to the edited collection in that it reports on the current legal position in the UK, and presents an analysis of two possible immediate post-Brexit legal futures, for data protection law as applicable to biobanking in the UK. These post-Brexit futures are the position if the draft Withdrawal Agreement is ratified and comes into force, and the position if it does not (a so-called ‘No Deal’ Brexit). The chapter concludes with some thoughts on possible longer term futures.

year: 2021

title: Comparison between selective and non-selective kiwifruit harvesters for economic viability

authors: Ting, Chia-nan

subjects: kiwifruit

abstract: Robotic harvesting of kiwifruit can help solve the labour shortage of the growing New Zealand kiwifruit industry. The objective of this thesis was to compare the performance of the improved state-of-the-art selective kiwifruit harvester and a new non-selective harvester in terms of economic viability. The harvesters were tested on commercial kiwifruit orchards. Both kiwifruit harvesters were not economically viable at the current state. The greatest barrier to economic viability was the high breakeven performance requirement of at least 95% success-picked-detached for green fruit and 97% for gold fruit. The high-performance requirement was forced by the high fruit value ratio of 16 for green fruit and 30 for gold fruit. Despite the high harvesting rate potential of a non-selective harvester, fruit handling and stemless detachment were the main barriers. The state-of-the-art kiwifruit harvester had high performance relative to other harvesters but required more development on fruit loss reduction and the robotic configuration for better workload sharing. To achieve economic viability, the primary focus for all kiwifruit harvesters should be on raising the success-detached ratio. The secondary focus should be on improving the performance-to-cost ratio. With further development, the selective harvester could reach economically viable performance.

text: Comparison between selective and non-selective kiwifruit harvesters for economic viability Robotic harvesting of kiwifruit can help solve the labour shortage of the growing New Zealand kiwifruit industry. The objective of this thesis was to compare the performance of the improved state-of-the-art selective kiwifruit harvester and a new non-selective harvester in terms of economic viability. The harvesters were tested on commercial kiwifruit orchards. Both kiwifruit harvesters were not economically viable at the current state. The greatest barrier to economic viability was the high breakeven performance requirement of at least 95% success-picked-detached for green fruit and 97% for gold fruit. The high-performance requirement was forced by the high fruit value ratio of 16 for green fruit and 30 for gold fruit. Despite the high harvesting rate potential of a non-selective harvester, fruit handling and stemless detachment were the main barriers. The state-of-the-art kiwifruit harvester had high performance relative to other harvesters but required more development on fruit loss reduction and the robotic configuration for better workload sharing. To achieve economic viability, the primary focus for all kiwifruit harvesters should be on raising the success-detached ratio. The secondary focus should be on improving the performance-to-cost ratio. With further development, the selective harvester could reach economically viable performance.

year: 2018

title: Culture and climate change: A study of future-proofing Māori tourism businesses

authors: Tawhai, Crystal Candace

subjects: culture

abstract: This thesis explores how prepared Māori tourism businesses are to adapt to climate change and how Māori values may influence the business's perception of responses to climate change. As climate impacts are growing in New Zealand, as a result of increasing extreme weather events, how can Māori tourism businesses protect their taonga (resources)? Taonga in the context of this study includes Māori values, lands, seas and their businesses. Furthermore, the literature indicates that Māori tourism significantly contributes to the economic, social and cultural wellbeing for Māori and wider New Zealand (NZ Māori Tourism, 2018). 
At a specific level, the study focuses on three Māori tourism businesses. Two of the businesses are North Island-based whānau-owned enterprises, one on Kāpiti Island and the other in Napier. The third is a hapū-owned business located in Kaikoura in the South Island. Drawing on kaupapa Māori frameworks built on Māori struggles for tino rangatiratanga and mana motuhake (self-determination), the study adheres to kaupapa Māori principles of carrying out research by Māori to benefit Māori. The primary data for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews with each of the businesses, taking care to ensure the cultural safety of the participants and using appropriate tikanga (protocol) in each interview. 

The findings of the study show that Māori tourism businesses are adapting to environmental changes but are unsure about the pace of climate change. The uncertainties are due to a lack of access to information and competing priorities within their businesses. The research also shows how decisions made by local government as well as business perceptions of local and central government institutions negatively impacts on the ability of businesses to adapt to climate change. While there were differences in the businesses’ treatment of science and scientific information, all of them prioritised Māori cultural values. Significantly, these values underpin all the activities of the businesses, including, environmental enhancement and protection. An emphasis on Māori values in facilitated partnerships between tourism businesses, government bodies, and other community stakeholders on co-designing climate change adaptation strategies can help the tourism sector to prepare for a changing climate.

text: Culture and climate change: A study of future-proofing Māori tourism businesses This thesis explores how prepared Māori tourism businesses are to adapt to climate change and how Māori values may influence the business's perception of responses to climate change. As climate impacts are growing in New Zealand, as a result of increasing extreme weather events, how can Māori tourism businesses protect their taonga (resources)? Taonga in the context of this study includes Māori values, lands, seas and their businesses. Furthermore, the literature indicates that Māori tourism significantly contributes to the economic, social and cultural wellbeing for Māori and wider New Zealand (NZ Māori Tourism, 2018). 
At a specific level, the study focuses on three Māori tourism businesses. Two of the businesses are North Island-based whānau-owned enterprises, one on Kāpiti Island and the other in Napier. The third is a hapū-owned business located in Kaikoura in the South Island. Drawing on kaupapa Māori frameworks built on Māori struggles for tino rangatiratanga and mana motuhake (self-determination), the study adheres to kaupapa Māori principles of carrying out research by Māori to benefit Māori. The primary data for the study was collected through semi-structured interviews with each of the businesses, taking care to ensure the cultural safety of the participants and using appropriate tikanga (protocol) in each interview. 

The findings of the study show that Māori tourism businesses are adapting to environmental changes but are unsure about the pace of climate change. The uncertainties are due to a lack of access to information and competing priorities within their businesses. The research also shows how decisions made by local government as well as business perceptions of local and central government institutions negatively impacts on the ability of businesses to adapt to climate change. While there were differences in the businesses’ treatment of science and scientific information, all of them prioritised Māori cultural values. Significantly, these values underpin all the activities of the businesses, including, environmental enhancement and protection. An emphasis on Māori values in facilitated partnerships between tourism businesses, government bodies, and other community stakeholders on co-designing climate change adaptation strategies can help the tourism sector to prepare for a changing climate.

year: 2020