title: Removal of the water soluble binder components from titanium and titanium alloy powder compacts produced by MIM

authors: Ewart, Paul

subjects: Debinding

abstract: This work investigates the debinding process of powder compacts formed by metal injection moulding (MIM) of feedstocks comprised of HDH Ti or HDH Ti-6Al-4V powder mixed with a binder of a predetermined ratio of water soluble polyethylene and wax. The full debinding process has three stages: a solvent debinding process to leach the water soluble component, a drying phase allowing the removal rate to be measured and a thermal treatment step for removing the wax components, leaving the backbone components to retain part geometry prior to sintering. Leaching of the water soluble component was monitored and the results were consistent with the general correlation which predicts that binder removal time increases by a factor of 4 when the section thickness is doubled. Uniformity of binder removal, defect formation and particle surface degradation in Ti MIM parts are also discussed.

text: Removal of the water soluble binder components from titanium and titanium alloy powder compacts produced by MIM This work investigates the debinding process of powder compacts formed by metal injection moulding (MIM) of feedstocks comprised of HDH Ti or HDH Ti-6Al-4V powder mixed with a binder of a predetermined ratio of water soluble polyethylene and wax. The full debinding process has three stages: a solvent debinding process to leach the water soluble component, a drying phase allowing the removal rate to be measured and a thermal treatment step for removing the wax components, leaving the backbone components to retain part geometry prior to sintering. Leaching of the water soluble component was monitored and the results were consistent with the general correlation which predicts that binder removal time increases by a factor of 4 when the section thickness is doubled. Uniformity of binder removal, defect formation and particle surface degradation in Ti MIM parts are also discussed.

year: 2012

title: Managed retreat in practice: mechanisms and challenges for implementation

authors: Hanna, Christina Jane

subjects: managed retreat

abstract: Managed retreat is a deliberate strategy to remedy unsustainable land use patterns that expose people, ecosystems, and assets to significant natural (and socio-natural) hazard and climate induced risks. The term is all-encompassing, broadly capturing planned relocation in the fields of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, as well as managed retreat or realignment in coastal management and environmental planning practice. Managed retreat helps to ensure that people and the resources they value are no longer exposed to extreme events and to the adverse impacts of slow-onset environmental change.

Distinct from migration and displacement, managed retreat is the strategically planned withdrawal from development in risky spaces. It can be applied at a range of spatial scales, in an anticipatory, staged, or reactive manner. Unlike traditional risk management alternatives, managed retreat affords space to natural processes and minimizes long-term maintenance and emergency management costs. While it has great promise as a sustainable disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategy, there are a number of socio-political-cultural, environmental, economic, and institutional barriers affecting its implementation, particularly in contexts with extensive existing development. There may also be significant challenges in integrating relocated and receiving communities. In practice, people are deeply connected to, and reliant upon, the security, networks and cultural values of their lands, homes, communities, and livelihoods. To realize the long-term benefits, managed retreat needs to be considered as an integrated approach that uses information, regulation, and various financial levers in a strategic manner, and recognizes the need to work alongside communities in a fair, transparent, and inclusive way.

text: Managed retreat in practice: mechanisms and challenges for implementation Managed retreat is a deliberate strategy to remedy unsustainable land use patterns that expose people, ecosystems, and assets to significant natural (and socio-natural) hazard and climate induced risks. The term is all-encompassing, broadly capturing planned relocation in the fields of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation, as well as managed retreat or realignment in coastal management and environmental planning practice. Managed retreat helps to ensure that people and the resources they value are no longer exposed to extreme events and to the adverse impacts of slow-onset environmental change.

Distinct from migration and displacement, managed retreat is the strategically planned withdrawal from development in risky spaces. It can be applied at a range of spatial scales, in an anticipatory, staged, or reactive manner. Unlike traditional risk management alternatives, managed retreat affords space to natural processes and minimizes long-term maintenance and emergency management costs. While it has great promise as a sustainable disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation strategy, there are a number of socio-political-cultural, environmental, economic, and institutional barriers affecting its implementation, particularly in contexts with extensive existing development. There may also be significant challenges in integrating relocated and receiving communities. In practice, people are deeply connected to, and reliant upon, the security, networks and cultural values of their lands, homes, communities, and livelihoods. To realize the long-term benefits, managed retreat needs to be considered as an integrated approach that uses information, regulation, and various financial levers in a strategic manner, and recognizes the need to work alongside communities in a fair, transparent, and inclusive way.

year: 2019

title: Māori language procreation on social media

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

abstract: The Māori language has taken seed and grown on social media. This presentation will examine this presence, exploring the forms it has taken and the influence it is having. It will look at Facebook groups devoted to the Māori language and the birth of the 'Māhuru Māori' (Māori September) movement. It will consider the increasing use of the Māori language on Twitter especially Tweets around a 'kaupapa' (shared purpose). It will also report some anecdotal evidence regarding the use of the Māori language on SnapChat, WhatsApp, and Messenger.

text: Māori language procreation on social media The Māori language has taken seed and grown on social media. This presentation will examine this presence, exploring the forms it has taken and the influence it is having. It will look at Facebook groups devoted to the Māori language and the birth of the 'Māhuru Māori' (Māori September) movement. It will consider the increasing use of the Māori language on Twitter especially Tweets around a 'kaupapa' (shared purpose). It will also report some anecdotal evidence regarding the use of the Māori language on SnapChat, WhatsApp, and Messenger.

year: 2019