title: A numerical classification of some Thermus isolates

authors: Hudson, J. Andrew

subjects: biology

abstract: A numerical classification was performed on a collection of 45 Thermus isolates recovered from New Zealand hot pools and on six type strains including T. aquaticus and "T. thermophilus". Unweighted average linking (UPGMA) and single linkage clustering methods were applied to similarity matrices derived from simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard similarity (SJ) coefficients. Differences were observed between phenograms derived from SSM and SJ coefficients, indicating that some of the clusters formed were derived from a significant component of negative matches. Test error was estimated at 2.9%. In the UPGMA/SSM phenogram, seven clusters were formed. A majority of the New Zealand isolates did not cluster with non-New Zealand isolates. Analysis of variance showed that there was a relationship between the composition of the clusters and the temperature and pH of the source of the isolate. Chi-squared testing showed that, within New Zealand, the geographical source of the isolate had no bearing on the clusters formed.

text: A numerical classification of some Thermus isolates A numerical classification was performed on a collection of 45 Thermus isolates recovered from New Zealand hot pools and on six type strains including T. aquaticus and "T. thermophilus". Unweighted average linking (UPGMA) and single linkage clustering methods were applied to similarity matrices derived from simple matching (SSM) and Jaccard similarity (SJ) coefficients. Differences were observed between phenograms derived from SSM and SJ coefficients, indicating that some of the clusters formed were derived from a significant component of negative matches. Test error was estimated at 2.9%. In the UPGMA/SSM phenogram, seven clusters were formed. A majority of the New Zealand isolates did not cluster with non-New Zealand isolates. Analysis of variance showed that there was a relationship between the composition of the clusters and the temperature and pH of the source of the isolate. Chi-squared testing showed that, within New Zealand, the geographical source of the isolate had no bearing on the clusters formed.

year: 1986

title: Analogy instructions promote efficiency of cognitive processes during hockey push-pass performance

authors: van Duijn, Tina

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: Analogy instructions may promote effective skill acquisition by providing movement-specific information that can be processed as a single, meaningful unit, rather than as separate “bits” of information (Liao & Masters, 2001; Masters, 2000). Behavioral evidence suggests that information processing associated with analogy instructions is less effortful than information processing associated with explicit instructions, resulting in reduced verbal−analytical involvement in movement control (Lam, Maxwell, & Masters, 2009b). This experiment was designed to test whether analogy instructions promote higher psychomotor efficiency, characterized by greater high-α power in the left hemisphere of the brain (Hillman, Apparies, Janelle, & Hatfield, 2000) and reduced coactivation between the verbal processing (left temporal lobe T7) and motor planning regions of the brain (frontal midline Fz; Hatfield & Hillman, 2001) during motor performance. Novices practiced a hockey push-pass task using an analogy instruction, explicit instructions, or no instructions (control). Push-pass accuracy during a combined task (passing coupled with decision-making) was significantly better following the analogy instruction, which suggested that information processing was less effortful. Left-temporal (T7) electroencephalography (EEG) high-α power was significantly higher in the analogy condition, but T7−Fz coactivation was not significantly different among the conditions. It is possible that the analogy instruction influenced verbal aspects of information processing without impacting the efficiency of motor planning. Consequently, an analogy instruction may promote cognitive, rather than psychomotor, efficiency.

text: Analogy instructions promote efficiency of cognitive processes during hockey push-pass performance Analogy instructions may promote effective skill acquisition by providing movement-specific information that can be processed as a single, meaningful unit, rather than as separate “bits” of information (Liao & Masters, 2001; Masters, 2000). Behavioral evidence suggests that information processing associated with analogy instructions is less effortful than information processing associated with explicit instructions, resulting in reduced verbal−analytical involvement in movement control (Lam, Maxwell, & Masters, 2009b). This experiment was designed to test whether analogy instructions promote higher psychomotor efficiency, characterized by greater high-α power in the left hemisphere of the brain (Hillman, Apparies, Janelle, & Hatfield, 2000) and reduced coactivation between the verbal processing (left temporal lobe T7) and motor planning regions of the brain (frontal midline Fz; Hatfield & Hillman, 2001) during motor performance. Novices practiced a hockey push-pass task using an analogy instruction, explicit instructions, or no instructions (control). Push-pass accuracy during a combined task (passing coupled with decision-making) was significantly better following the analogy instruction, which suggested that information processing was less effortful. Left-temporal (T7) electroencephalography (EEG) high-α power was significantly higher in the analogy condition, but T7−Fz coactivation was not significantly different among the conditions. It is possible that the analogy instruction influenced verbal aspects of information processing without impacting the efficiency of motor planning. Consequently, an analogy instruction may promote cognitive, rather than psychomotor, efficiency.

year: 2019

title: Lake Rotokakahi water quality update 1990-2011

authors: Butterworth, Joseph

subjects: Lake Rotokakahi

abstract: Lake Rotokakahi is an Iwi-owned lake administered by the Lake Rotokakahi Board of Control on Behalf of lake owners who are descendants from the Ngāti Tumatawera and Tūhourangi hapū of Te Arawa. It is mesotrophic (moderate water quality) lake with an area of 4.4 km² comprised of exotic forestry (57.1%), pasture (26.3%) and regenerating indigenous forest/scrub (16.6%).

text: Lake Rotokakahi water quality update 1990-2011 Lake Rotokakahi is an Iwi-owned lake administered by the Lake Rotokakahi Board of Control on Behalf of lake owners who are descendants from the Ngāti Tumatawera and Tūhourangi hapū of Te Arawa. It is mesotrophic (moderate water quality) lake with an area of 4.4 km² comprised of exotic forestry (57.1%), pasture (26.3%) and regenerating indigenous forest/scrub (16.6%).

year: 2012