title: The phenology of an enclosed pasture area with specific reference to the soil-vegetation interface

authors: Rosenberg, David Ronald

abstract: Over a seven year period (1966-1972) a systematic survey was made of an enclosed pasture area on the campus of the University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Areas of similar soil type and floral composition were used for comparison at Newstead and Tamahere. Comparisons are made with shorter-term studies at Newstead and in other countries.

None of the three sites had fertiliser applied during the survey period. Apart from sampling procedures, no vegetation was removed from Hillcrest, but Newstead and Tamahere were subjected to systematic mowing.

Seasonal and long-term fluctuations of populations were determined for all major faunal groups, together with seasonal and successional development of the flora.

Relationships between meteorological factors, faunal and floral composition have been subjected to computer analysis. Some correlations are suggested. The emphasis in the survey has been upon the fluctuations and relationships of groups rather than the precise responses of individual species to environmental variations.

Feeding experiments with fauna in the laboratory have helped to add to the knowledge of the trophic position of some New Zealand species.

The results of the survey show the effects of floral competition where Holcus lanatus, Bromus unioloides and Ranunculus sardous replace rosette and soft annual plants. The rate and sequence of succession are shown.

An adaptation of the Berlese extractor was developed to give indications of the vertical distribution of fauna.

Long term change in faunal composition are not clearly indicated. Changes which do occur are mostly at the soil surface, reflecting the state of vegetation and litter.

As a result of the extended survey, it would seem that one of the most important influences in the ecology of light loam agricultural pastures is the quality of the soil/vegetation interface. When a litter layer is retained throughout the year, faunal numbers fluctuate less rapidly and to a lesser extent than in exposed short vegetation pastures. Basically, litter acts as an ecological buffer, dampens down extremes of microclimate change, and provides a greater number of niches for soil microfauna. Where vegetation removal does not occur, small low-growing plants and seedlings are suppressed. The smothering effects of the stems and leaves from taller plants maintain the dominance of perennial species.

text: The phenology of an enclosed pasture area with specific reference to the soil-vegetation interface Over a seven year period (1966-1972) a systematic survey was made of an enclosed pasture area on the campus of the University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Areas of similar soil type and floral composition were used for comparison at Newstead and Tamahere. Comparisons are made with shorter-term studies at Newstead and in other countries.

None of the three sites had fertiliser applied during the survey period. Apart from sampling procedures, no vegetation was removed from Hillcrest, but Newstead and Tamahere were subjected to systematic mowing.

Seasonal and long-term fluctuations of populations were determined for all major faunal groups, together with seasonal and successional development of the flora.

Relationships between meteorological factors, faunal and floral composition have been subjected to computer analysis. Some correlations are suggested. The emphasis in the survey has been upon the fluctuations and relationships of groups rather than the precise responses of individual species to environmental variations.

Feeding experiments with fauna in the laboratory have helped to add to the knowledge of the trophic position of some New Zealand species.

The results of the survey show the effects of floral competition where Holcus lanatus, Bromus unioloides and Ranunculus sardous replace rosette and soft annual plants. The rate and sequence of succession are shown.

An adaptation of the Berlese extractor was developed to give indications of the vertical distribution of fauna.

Long term change in faunal composition are not clearly indicated. Changes which do occur are mostly at the soil surface, reflecting the state of vegetation and litter.

As a result of the extended survey, it would seem that one of the most important influences in the ecology of light loam agricultural pastures is the quality of the soil/vegetation interface. When a litter layer is retained throughout the year, faunal numbers fluctuate less rapidly and to a lesser extent than in exposed short vegetation pastures. Basically, litter acts as an ecological buffer, dampens down extremes of microclimate change, and provides a greater number of niches for soil microfauna. Where vegetation removal does not occur, small low-growing plants and seedlings are suppressed. The smothering effects of the stems and leaves from taller plants maintain the dominance of perennial species.

year: 1974

title: Beyond ‘the Beamer, the boat and the bach’? A content analysis-based case study of New Zealand innovative firms

authors: Oxley, Les

subjects: innovation

abstract: In this paper we will use case studies to seek to understand the dynamic innovation processes at the level of the firm and to explain the apparent 'enigma' between New Zealand's recent innovation performance and economic growth. A text-mining tool, Leximancer, (version 4) was used to analyse the case results, based on content analysis. The case studies reveal that innovation in New Zealand firms can be best described as 'internalised', and the four key factors that affect innovation in New Zealand firms are ‘Product’, ‘Market’, ‘People’ and ‘Money’. New Zealand may be an ideal place for promoting local entrepreneurship, however, many market/technology opportunities cannot be realized in such a small and isolated economy, hence the poor economic performance.

text: Beyond ‘the Beamer, the boat and the bach’? A content analysis-based case study of New Zealand innovative firms In this paper we will use case studies to seek to understand the dynamic innovation processes at the level of the firm and to explain the apparent 'enigma' between New Zealand's recent innovation performance and economic growth. A text-mining tool, Leximancer, (version 4) was used to analyse the case results, based on content analysis. The case studies reveal that innovation in New Zealand firms can be best described as 'internalised', and the four key factors that affect innovation in New Zealand firms are ‘Product’, ‘Market’, ‘People’ and ‘Money’. New Zealand may be an ideal place for promoting local entrepreneurship, however, many market/technology opportunities cannot be realized in such a small and isolated economy, hence the poor economic performance.

year: 2013-10

title: Ngā maihi o Te Whare Hukahuka, ngā maihi o Te Whare o Ruamano: Te whare kōrero o ngā maihi o Tuteao

authors: Hona, Hakahaka Charlie Barlow

subjects: Tuteao

abstract: Ko Pūtauaki te maunga
Ko Rangitāiki te awa
Ko Hekerangi te papa whenua
Ko Tuteao te marae
Ko Ngā Maihi te hapū
Ko Ngāti Awa te iwi
Ko Mataatua te waka
Tihe mauri-ora
Ko tōku kāwai rangatira tēnei. E mōhio ai te tangata ko wai ahau; nō hea ahau, nā wai hoki ahau. Ā, nā whai anō taku urupounamu, ko wai a Ngā Maihi o Tuteao? E mea ana ngā pākeke, he iwi tawhito a Ngā Maihi i heke mai i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tangaroa, o Pōtiki, o Mahutapoanui, o Toroa, o Tuteao. Hēoi, kua kore e rangona ōna kōrero i runga marae ātea. Kua kore e wānangahia i roto i te poho o te whare o Tuteao. Kua ngū ngā poupou o te whare kōrero. Ka mutu, i roto i ngā tau tata nei kua riro tītapu ngā puna o te kī, ngā whītiki o te kupu, o te hapū; kua kore e rangona ngā kōrero o Ngā Maihi i runga marae ātea. Ko te haumate o te reo i runga o Tuteao tētahi take i pēnei ai. Nō reira, kai te imu te ruhi, kai te imu te ngēngē. E noho pōhara ana a Ngā Maihi ki ngā tāonga o tōna whare kōrero. Hei te tau 2027, ka whakanuia te rautau o te whare tīpuna a Tuteao, ā i tēnei tau tonu 2022, e whai whakaaro ana te hapū ki taua kaupapa otirā ki te hanga whare tīpuna hou; he whare kaitā e uru ai te tokomaha. Nō reira, e whakaaro ana hoki ki ngā kōrero ka whakairohia ki ngā pakitara o te whare. I tēnei tau hoki kua mana te whakaako i ngā kōrero hītori o te Māori i roto i ngā kura, nō reira he aha rā ngā kōrero e wātea ana ki ngā tamariki o ngā kura e pā ana ki a Ngā Maihi? He maramara, he kongakonga, he putunga kōrero e noho marara ana i ngā wāhi tūmatanui. He uaua te kitea o ētahi atu, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti, pēnei i te Kōti Whenua Māori, i ngā tuhinga ā-whānau, kei ngā pukapuka wānanga o te marae. Nō reira, he uaua te kite atu i tōna whānuitanga, i tōna hohonutanga. Tīmata ake i ngā kohinga kōrero o te hapū tonu o Ngā Maihi, i ōna kaumātua, i ōna wānanga, i ōna whānau. I tua atu i wā te whare pukapuka, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti ētahi putunga kōrero hei ō mo te whare kōrero o Ngā Maihi o Tuteao. Ka mutu, kei ngā waiata, ngā haka, ngā mōteatea. Kai ngā kōrero hoki o iwi kē, e pā ana ki wō mātou tīpuna. I reira i tōtō mai i te kōrero.

text: Ngā maihi o Te Whare Hukahuka, ngā maihi o Te Whare o Ruamano: Te whare kōrero o ngā maihi o Tuteao Ko Pūtauaki te maunga
Ko Rangitāiki te awa
Ko Hekerangi te papa whenua
Ko Tuteao te marae
Ko Ngā Maihi te hapū
Ko Ngāti Awa te iwi
Ko Mataatua te waka
Tihe mauri-ora
Ko tōku kāwai rangatira tēnei. E mōhio ai te tangata ko wai ahau; nō hea ahau, nā wai hoki ahau. Ā, nā whai anō taku urupounamu, ko wai a Ngā Maihi o Tuteao? E mea ana ngā pākeke, he iwi tawhito a Ngā Maihi i heke mai i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tangaroa, o Pōtiki, o Mahutapoanui, o Toroa, o Tuteao. Hēoi, kua kore e rangona ōna kōrero i runga marae ātea. Kua kore e wānangahia i roto i te poho o te whare o Tuteao. Kua ngū ngā poupou o te whare kōrero. Ka mutu, i roto i ngā tau tata nei kua riro tītapu ngā puna o te kī, ngā whītiki o te kupu, o te hapū; kua kore e rangona ngā kōrero o Ngā Maihi i runga marae ātea. Ko te haumate o te reo i runga o Tuteao tētahi take i pēnei ai. Nō reira, kai te imu te ruhi, kai te imu te ngēngē. E noho pōhara ana a Ngā Maihi ki ngā tāonga o tōna whare kōrero. Hei te tau 2027, ka whakanuia te rautau o te whare tīpuna a Tuteao, ā i tēnei tau tonu 2022, e whai whakaaro ana te hapū ki taua kaupapa otirā ki te hanga whare tīpuna hou; he whare kaitā e uru ai te tokomaha. Nō reira, e whakaaro ana hoki ki ngā kōrero ka whakairohia ki ngā pakitara o te whare. I tēnei tau hoki kua mana te whakaako i ngā kōrero hītori o te Māori i roto i ngā kura, nō reira he aha rā ngā kōrero e wātea ana ki ngā tamariki o ngā kura e pā ana ki a Ngā Maihi? He maramara, he kongakonga, he putunga kōrero e noho marara ana i ngā wāhi tūmatanui. He uaua te kitea o ētahi atu, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti, pēnei i te Kōti Whenua Māori, i ngā tuhinga ā-whānau, kei ngā pukapuka wānanga o te marae. Nō reira, he uaua te kite atu i tōna whānuitanga, i tōna hohonutanga. Tīmata ake i ngā kohinga kōrero o te hapū tonu o Ngā Maihi, i ōna kaumātua, i ōna wānanga, i ōna whānau. I tua atu i wā te whare pukapuka, kei ngā wāhi tūmataiti ētahi putunga kōrero hei ō mo te whare kōrero o Ngā Maihi o Tuteao. Ka mutu, kei ngā waiata, ngā haka, ngā mōteatea. Kai ngā kōrero hoki o iwi kē, e pā ana ki wō mātou tīpuna. I reira i tōtō mai i te kōrero.

year: 2022