title: Morality and the criminal law: an examination of some recent attempts to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law

authors: Macdonald, Douglas Alan

abstract: The aim of this essay is to show that any attempt to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law must fail. In Chapter 1 an attempt is made to refute the Wolfenden Committee's contention that society must recognise 'a realm of private morality and immorality which is … not the law's business.' In so far as his arguments also pursue this aim Lord Devlin' s thesis is defended but no attempt is made to defend all that he said. Briefly, the argument advanced asserts that, if it is accepted that any society has the right to take whatever steps it considers necessary to ensure its continued survival then no jurisdictional barrier, such as that proposed by the Wolfenden Committee can be erected, owing to the public nature of all conduct. In other words, if by ' private morality and immorality ' is meant ' private behaviour in matters of morals' then there is no sphere of morality which can be distinguished on the ground that it has no public effect. The argument that there can be no theoretical limits placed on the proper scope of the law does not commit one to holding that all immoral conduct ought to be prohibited by law but rather that any immoral conduct may justifiably be prohibited.

text: Morality and the criminal law: an examination of some recent attempts to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law The aim of this essay is to show that any attempt to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law must fail. In Chapter 1 an attempt is made to refute the Wolfenden Committee's contention that society must recognise 'a realm of private morality and immorality which is … not the law's business.' In so far as his arguments also pursue this aim Lord Devlin' s thesis is defended but no attempt is made to defend all that he said. Briefly, the argument advanced asserts that, if it is accepted that any society has the right to take whatever steps it considers necessary to ensure its continued survival then no jurisdictional barrier, such as that proposed by the Wolfenden Committee can be erected, owing to the public nature of all conduct. In other words, if by ' private morality and immorality ' is meant ' private behaviour in matters of morals' then there is no sphere of morality which can be distinguished on the ground that it has no public effect. The argument that there can be no theoretical limits placed on the proper scope of the law does not commit one to holding that all immoral conduct ought to be prohibited by law but rather that any immoral conduct may justifiably be prohibited.

year: 1972

title: A decision support system for predicting the complications of diabetes mellitus: A design science research approach

authors: Madurapperumage, Anuradha

abstract: Health information systems (HIS) serve as the cornerstone of modern healthcare, seamlessly
weaving data into actionable insights and empowering professionals to make informed
decisions and elevate patient care. Decision support systems became a prominent research
area in the discipline of HIS, where clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) with the ability
to diagnose and prognosis of disease are recognised as the most common and beneficial
information systems. Moreover, the high prevalence and adverse effects of diabetes all over
the globe evidently make it vital to predict diabetes and its complications.
The current study aims to resolve an issue at Te Whatu Ora, by generating a CDSS which can
predict the complications of diabetes mellitus (CoDM) while answering the knowledge gap.
Although a rich data set of diabetes patients’ is maintained at Te Whatu Ora, their
involvement in decision-making is unsatisfactory. This study created a CDSS to resolve the
issue at Te Whatu Ora while considering two perspectives of the question: design and data
analysis. The system design followed design science research methodologies (DSRM) while
selecting suitable techniques in the steps of the empirical cycle to confirm their applicability
in the domain. The data analysis perspective of the study focused on survival analysis
methods due to their appropriateness in fulfilling the identified research gaps.
The created CDSS is the primary outcome of the research, which resolves the real-world issue
while addressing the recognised research gaps. The solution's design perspective confirms
the applicability of adopting design science research approaches in the context of a
systematic solution-design process. The data analytics perspective confirms the
appropriateness of survival techniques in the domain while validating the system’s
performance.
The outcome of this research has significant academical, and managerial implications. The
implemented CDSS is capable of providing a chronological risk percentage for 10 CoDM in a
cohort of New Zealand. The systematic procedure adopted in the research contributes to the
existing knowledge gaps while answering the design, implementation, and evaluation stages.
The managerial implications of the study expand through policy-makers, resource-allocators,
iii
and healthcare administrators to doctors, nurses, and patients. The predicted risk of CoDM
may be beneficial in managing the patients by issuing early warnings, starting treatment
plans, conducting diagnosis tests, recommending dietary/exercise routines and more from
the perspective of patient care. The visualisation of the statistical details and the survival
curves in the system may assist in managing diabetes data repositories efficiently.
This study creates a cohort-specific risk prediction model based on the New Zealand cohort.
The interoperability challenges in the CDSS could occur due to the variety of practices in real
life. Future research studies in this domain can concentrate on increasing the accuracy of the
models with more features of a rich dataset while protecting the patents’ confidentiality.
Additionally, the cohort specificity of the CDSS can be avoided with the engagement of a
global dataset.

text: A decision support system for predicting the complications of diabetes mellitus: A design science research approach Health information systems (HIS) serve as the cornerstone of modern healthcare, seamlessly
weaving data into actionable insights and empowering professionals to make informed
decisions and elevate patient care. Decision support systems became a prominent research
area in the discipline of HIS, where clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) with the ability
to diagnose and prognosis of disease are recognised as the most common and beneficial
information systems. Moreover, the high prevalence and adverse effects of diabetes all over
the globe evidently make it vital to predict diabetes and its complications.
The current study aims to resolve an issue at Te Whatu Ora, by generating a CDSS which can
predict the complications of diabetes mellitus (CoDM) while answering the knowledge gap.
Although a rich data set of diabetes patients’ is maintained at Te Whatu Ora, their
involvement in decision-making is unsatisfactory. This study created a CDSS to resolve the
issue at Te Whatu Ora while considering two perspectives of the question: design and data
analysis. The system design followed design science research methodologies (DSRM) while
selecting suitable techniques in the steps of the empirical cycle to confirm their applicability
in the domain. The data analysis perspective of the study focused on survival analysis
methods due to their appropriateness in fulfilling the identified research gaps.
The created CDSS is the primary outcome of the research, which resolves the real-world issue
while addressing the recognised research gaps. The solution's design perspective confirms
the applicability of adopting design science research approaches in the context of a
systematic solution-design process. The data analytics perspective confirms the
appropriateness of survival techniques in the domain while validating the system’s
performance.
The outcome of this research has significant academical, and managerial implications. The
implemented CDSS is capable of providing a chronological risk percentage for 10 CoDM in a
cohort of New Zealand. The systematic procedure adopted in the research contributes to the
existing knowledge gaps while answering the design, implementation, and evaluation stages.
The managerial implications of the study expand through policy-makers, resource-allocators,
iii
and healthcare administrators to doctors, nurses, and patients. The predicted risk of CoDM
may be beneficial in managing the patients by issuing early warnings, starting treatment
plans, conducting diagnosis tests, recommending dietary/exercise routines and more from
the perspective of patient care. The visualisation of the statistical details and the survival
curves in the system may assist in managing diabetes data repositories efficiently.
This study creates a cohort-specific risk prediction model based on the New Zealand cohort.
The interoperability challenges in the CDSS could occur due to the variety of practices in real
life. Future research studies in this domain can concentrate on increasing the accuracy of the
models with more features of a rich dataset while protecting the patents’ confidentiality.
Additionally, the cohort specificity of the CDSS can be avoided with the engagement of a
global dataset.

year: 2024

title: Te Matua Tangata

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

subjects: Ringatū

abstract: He haka tēnei e körero ana mō te taenga mai o te whakapono o Te Matua Tangata, arā, Te Ringatū, ki roto o Te Whakatōhea i raro i a Hira Te Popo, ariki o Ngāti Ira ki roto o Te Whakatōhea.

text: Te Matua Tangata He haka tēnei e körero ana mō te taenga mai o te whakapono o Te Matua Tangata, arā, Te Ringatū, ki roto o Te Whakatōhea i raro i a Hira Te Popo, ariki o Ngāti Ira ki roto o Te Whakatōhea.

year: 2011-04