title: Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic with goethite modified by boron under UV–vis light irradiation

authors: Liu, Guanglong

subjects: solid-phase

abstract: A novel photodegradable polyethylene-boron-goethite (PE-B-goethite) composite film was prepared by
embedding the boron-doped goethite into the commercial polyethylene. The goethite catalyst was
modified by boron in order to improve its photocatalytic efficiency under the ultraviolet and visible light
irradiation. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PE-B-goethite composite film was carried out
in an ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The properties of
composite films were compared with those of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
through performing weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, FT-IR
spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photo-induced degradation of PE-Bgoethite
composite films was higher than that of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
under the UV-irradiation, while there has been little change under the visible light irradiation. The
weight loss of the PE-B-goethite (0.4 wt.%) composite film reached 12.6% under the UV-irradiation for
300 h. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composite films was briefly discussed.

text: Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic with goethite modified by boron under UV–vis light irradiation A novel photodegradable polyethylene-boron-goethite (PE-B-goethite) composite film was prepared by
embedding the boron-doped goethite into the commercial polyethylene. The goethite catalyst was
modified by boron in order to improve its photocatalytic efficiency under the ultraviolet and visible light
irradiation. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PE-B-goethite composite film was carried out
in an ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The properties of
composite films were compared with those of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
through performing weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, FT-IR
spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photo-induced degradation of PE-Bgoethite
composite films was higher than that of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
under the UV-irradiation, while there has been little change under the visible light irradiation. The
weight loss of the PE-B-goethite (0.4 wt.%) composite film reached 12.6% under the UV-irradiation for
300 h. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composite films was briefly discussed.

year: 2010

title: Probability exploration in a game context: The dice difference game

authors: Sharma, Sashi

abstract: Overview of lesson
Learning about probability poses difficulties for students at all levels. In this lesson students are asked to make predictions about the fairness of a dice
difference game and then test them by gathering and examining data. Student predictions and conclusions are examined and re‐examined in interactions among small group members and whole class or group and teacher. This lesson also addresses some common misconceptions relating to probability of simple and compound events.
Learning objectives
• Deriving and comparing experimental estimates with theoretical model probabilities for two‐stage experiments (e.g., tossing two dice)
• Generating and comparing experimental probabilities from multiple samples
• Comparing experimental probability estimates with theoretical probabilities calculated from generating the sample space for the game and using theoretical probabilities to solve problems relating to “fair games”
• Conducting investigations using the PPDAC cycle from a probabilistic perspective
Suggested age range
With modifications, the game can be used with 11 to 14‐year‐olds.
Time required
Two 60‐minute lessons may be required for the main part of the investigation.

text: Probability exploration in a game context: The dice difference game Overview of lesson
Learning about probability poses difficulties for students at all levels. In this lesson students are asked to make predictions about the fairness of a dice
difference game and then test them by gathering and examining data. Student predictions and conclusions are examined and re‐examined in interactions among small group members and whole class or group and teacher. This lesson also addresses some common misconceptions relating to probability of simple and compound events.
Learning objectives
• Deriving and comparing experimental estimates with theoretical model probabilities for two‐stage experiments (e.g., tossing two dice)
• Generating and comparing experimental probabilities from multiple samples
• Comparing experimental probability estimates with theoretical probabilities calculated from generating the sample space for the game and using theoretical probabilities to solve problems relating to “fair games”
• Conducting investigations using the PPDAC cycle from a probabilistic perspective
Suggested age range
With modifications, the game can be used with 11 to 14‐year‐olds.
Time required
Two 60‐minute lessons may be required for the main part of the investigation.

year: 2019

title: Paradoxical mobilities: sharemilking with Te Raparahi Lands Trust (Wāotū)

authors: Hutcheson, Gail Yvonne

subjects: mobilities

abstract: Mobilities are important for capturing some of the combined movements of people, animals and objects in all of their complex relational dynamics. Sharemilking involves a cascade of mobilities: from the modest journies of the everyday to the upheaval of complete farm moves. Here we examine how sharemilkers are enabled and constrained in different ways by being mobile and landless, but also included are hopeful geographies. The sharemilker's mobile relationship to land, rather than ownership of it, works well with indigenous ideas of kaitiakitanga (guardianship) that is a central feature of multiply owned Māori land trust (Te Raparahi). Combining sharemilker mobility with te Raparahi, and importantly Ngāti Hūri historical and contemporary connections to Te Wāotū in South Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand, reveals paradoxical mobilities of place.

text: Paradoxical mobilities: sharemilking with Te Raparahi Lands Trust (Wāotū) Mobilities are important for capturing some of the combined movements of people, animals and objects in all of their complex relational dynamics. Sharemilking involves a cascade of mobilities: from the modest journies of the everyday to the upheaval of complete farm moves. Here we examine how sharemilkers are enabled and constrained in different ways by being mobile and landless, but also included are hopeful geographies. The sharemilker's mobile relationship to land, rather than ownership of it, works well with indigenous ideas of kaitiakitanga (guardianship) that is a central feature of multiply owned Māori land trust (Te Raparahi). Combining sharemilker mobility with te Raparahi, and importantly Ngāti Hūri historical and contemporary connections to Te Wāotū in South Waikato, Aotearoa New Zealand, reveals paradoxical mobilities of place.

year: 2017