title: Enhancing practicing primary school teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in technology

authors: Jones, Alister

abstract: This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks, reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence, and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented.

text: Enhancing practicing primary school teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in technology This paper describes the frameworks and cognitive tools that have been developed to enhance practising teachers' pedagogical content knowledge in primary school technology education. The frameworks evolved from our research that firstly examined existing teaching practices, secondly enhanced formative interactions and thirdly enhanced summative assessment strategies. The evidence gained over the three years demonstrated how the effective use of frameworks could be utilised to enhance teacher pedagogical content knowledge (PCK). How we see learning is of prime importance in examining the development of teacher pedagogical content knowledge. A sociocultural view of learning is taken where human mental processes are situated within their historical, cultural and institutional setting. In the research project we strongly emphasised the need for teachers to build a knowledge base for teaching technology. Critical aspects identified as enhancing PCK included: negotiated intervention, planning frameworks, reflection on case studies, workshops and support in classrooms, appropriate resources, teacher agreement meetings, portfolios of student work and summative profiles. The increased PCK resulted in: enhanced teacher knowledge about technology including the nature of technology, areas of technology and specific technological knowledge, changed pedagogical approaches, enhanced teacher student interaction, refinement of appropriate learning outcomes, critical decision making, improved teacher confidence, and enhanced student learning. Seven characteristics or features of pedagogical content knowledge that we believe are important for effective teaching and learning in technology are presented.

year: 2001

title: Um Olhar Estrangeiro sobre Segurança e Securitização na Amazônia (A foreigner’s reflections on securitization and security projects in Amazonia)

authors: Zirker, Daniel

abstract: A "securitização" brasileira da sua região amazônica é desconcertante, por vezes, para observadores estrangeiros. Relaciona-se com o surgimento de uma variada gama de possíveis ameaças à segurança no novo contexto global, com as enormes e em grande parte desprotegidas fronteiras brasileiras, e com a necessidade de uma ampla e agressiva expansão das políticas governamentais de múltiplos níveis no âmbito tecnológico e geopolítico para proteger a Amazônia, que devem ser coordenadas por um crescentemente vigilante establishment militar. Tentativas históricas de alienar vastas porções da Amazônia, incluindo Fordlândia, a vasta propriedade do americano Daniel Ludwig, e Estados falidos nas fronteiras amazônicas brasileiras, têm enfatizado as vulnerabilidades deste patrimônio do Brasil, tradicionalmente despovoada. As definições de "segurança" têm ampliado cada vez mais o conceito, e dadas às condições únicas da Amazônia, o Exército brasileiro passou se defrontar com a necessidade de apoiar a migração para esta região. Este estudo examina esas necessidades de segurança no contexto dos projetos militares brasileiros, incluindo Calha Norte, SIVAM / SIPAM, SISFRON e "Amazônia Verde", SisGAAz e "Amazônia Azul", e as respostas militares brasileiras para possíveis ameaças à sua soberania nacional na região por via da implementação de programas em seus vizinhos tais como o "Plano Colômbia".

text: Um Olhar Estrangeiro sobre Segurança e Securitização na Amazônia (A foreigner’s reflections on securitization and security projects in Amazonia) A "securitização" brasileira da sua região amazônica é desconcertante, por vezes, para observadores estrangeiros. Relaciona-se com o surgimento de uma variada gama de possíveis ameaças à segurança no novo contexto global, com as enormes e em grande parte desprotegidas fronteiras brasileiras, e com a necessidade de uma ampla e agressiva expansão das políticas governamentais de múltiplos níveis no âmbito tecnológico e geopolítico para proteger a Amazônia, que devem ser coordenadas por um crescentemente vigilante establishment militar. Tentativas históricas de alienar vastas porções da Amazônia, incluindo Fordlândia, a vasta propriedade do americano Daniel Ludwig, e Estados falidos nas fronteiras amazônicas brasileiras, têm enfatizado as vulnerabilidades deste patrimônio do Brasil, tradicionalmente despovoada. As definições de "segurança" têm ampliado cada vez mais o conceito, e dadas às condições únicas da Amazônia, o Exército brasileiro passou se defrontar com a necessidade de apoiar a migração para esta região. Este estudo examina esas necessidades de segurança no contexto dos projetos militares brasileiros, incluindo Calha Norte, SIVAM / SIPAM, SISFRON e "Amazônia Verde", SisGAAz e "Amazônia Azul", e as respostas militares brasileiras para possíveis ameaças à sua soberania nacional na região por via da implementação de programas em seus vizinhos tais como o "Plano Colômbia".

year: 2015

title: Pūrākau, death, and assisted dying: A Māori framework for understanding end-of-life

authors: Karaka-Clarke, Te Hurinui

subjects: Pūrākau, Assisted Dying, Tikanga Māori, Mōair Cosmology, End of Life: Ethics, Mana Motuhake, Wairua, Whakapapa, Relational Autonomy

abstract: This conceptual article addresses several critical gaps in health literature by exploring the ethical, spiritual, and cultural dimensions of assisted dying through the lens of Tikanga Māori and pūrākau (ancestral narratives).  While existing end-of-life policy frameworks often prioritize Western bioethical principles, this article argues for the inclusion of Kaupapa Māori principles such as whakapapa, wairua, mana motuhake, and tapu/ noa as essential components of culturally resonant care.    Drawing upon foundational narratives including the separation of  Ranginui and Papatūānuku, the creation of Hineahuone, the transformation of Hinetītama into Hinenuitepō, and the fatal attempt of Māui to conquer death, we position pūrākau as dynamic ethical texts that guide decision-making.  This article contributes to Indigenous health discourse by offering a whānau-centred, tikanga-informed critique of the End-of-Life Choice Act 2019 and calls for broader recognition of spiritual and relational dimensions in end-of-life care.   We contend that, when under-taken with whānau engagement, spiritual awareness, and cultural integrity, may be ethically compatible with tikanga Māori

text: Pūrākau, death, and assisted dying: A Māori framework for understanding end-of-life This conceptual article addresses several critical gaps in health literature by exploring the ethical, spiritual, and cultural dimensions of assisted dying through the lens of Tikanga Māori and pūrākau (ancestral narratives).  While existing end-of-life policy frameworks often prioritize Western bioethical principles, this article argues for the inclusion of Kaupapa Māori principles such as whakapapa, wairua, mana motuhake, and tapu/ noa as essential components of culturally resonant care.    Drawing upon foundational narratives including the separation of  Ranginui and Papatūānuku, the creation of Hineahuone, the transformation of Hinetītama into Hinenuitepō, and the fatal attempt of Māui to conquer death, we position pūrākau as dynamic ethical texts that guide decision-making.  This article contributes to Indigenous health discourse by offering a whānau-centred, tikanga-informed critique of the End-of-Life Choice Act 2019 and calls for broader recognition of spiritual and relational dimensions in end-of-life care.   We contend that, when under-taken with whānau engagement, spiritual awareness, and cultural integrity, may be ethically compatible with tikanga Māori

year: 2025-09-24