title: Comparability of language samples elicited in different situations from the same group of children

authors: Hanlon, Noel Norman

abstract: Language samples were elicited in six different situations from 20 five-year-old children (10 boys, 10 girls) in their first six months at Primary School. The samples of language were analyzed using a number of quantitative and qualitative measures. The qualitative measures used were the noun phrase index (NPI), verb phrase index (VPI), and length complexity index (LCI) developed by Shriner (1967). The data was also analyzed according to number of noun phrases, number of verb phrases, and total utterances. 
In the statistical treatment of the analyzed data, correlation coefficients were obtained between all possible pairs of situations and conditions on each of the quantitative and qualitative measures. A series of t tests was also computed between pairs of situations on each of these measures. The analysis of the results of the quantitative and qualitative measures indicated that the samples of language elicited in the six different situations were not comparable. 
Discussion of these results considered a range of factors that may have contributed to the differences noted. Factors related to the nature of the situations, the setting within which the language was elicited, and person factors, such as the effect of the experimenter and the effect of the mother, were considered.
It was concluded that such factors as those mentioned above were integral aspects of the language situation worthy of equal consideration with the language elicited.

text: Comparability of language samples elicited in different situations from the same group of children Language samples were elicited in six different situations from 20 five-year-old children (10 boys, 10 girls) in their first six months at Primary School. The samples of language were analyzed using a number of quantitative and qualitative measures. The qualitative measures used were the noun phrase index (NPI), verb phrase index (VPI), and length complexity index (LCI) developed by Shriner (1967). The data was also analyzed according to number of noun phrases, number of verb phrases, and total utterances. 
In the statistical treatment of the analyzed data, correlation coefficients were obtained between all possible pairs of situations and conditions on each of the quantitative and qualitative measures. A series of t tests was also computed between pairs of situations on each of these measures. The analysis of the results of the quantitative and qualitative measures indicated that the samples of language elicited in the six different situations were not comparable. 
Discussion of these results considered a range of factors that may have contributed to the differences noted. Factors related to the nature of the situations, the setting within which the language was elicited, and person factors, such as the effect of the experimenter and the effect of the mother, were considered.
It was concluded that such factors as those mentioned above were integral aspects of the language situation worthy of equal consideration with the language elicited.

year: 1973

title: Remote sensing of water quality – fact sheet

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

abstract: Evaluating water quality is a key tool in lake management. Typically water quality samples are restricted to a limited number of point samples collected in situ in the field, which can be time consuming and costly. Also, the few in situ points sampled fail to capture the spatial variability, e.g., for the large Lake Waikare (3,400 ha; Figure. 1).

text: Remote sensing of water quality – fact sheet Evaluating water quality is a key tool in lake management. Typically water quality samples are restricted to a limited number of point samples collected in situ in the field, which can be time consuming and costly. Also, the few in situ points sampled fail to capture the spatial variability, e.g., for the large Lake Waikare (3,400 ha; Figure. 1).

year: 2015

title: Succeeding as Māori: Māori students’ views on our Stepping Up to the Ka Hikitia Challenge

authors: Berryman, Mere

subjects: Ka Hikitia

abstract: This paper examines the vision and intent of New Zealand’s Māori education policy, Ka Hikitia, and its implications on the daily lives of Māori students in New Zealand’s education system. Extensive information on the secondary school experiences of rangatahi Māori (youth) have been gathered—originally in 2001 and at the end of 2015, through Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success (Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success is a secondary school reform initiative that is fully funded by the Ministry of Education, however, this paper represents the view of the authors and is not necessarily the view of the Ministry). Based on the messages from these two points in time, the paper concludes that the promises of Ka Hikitia are yet to be fully realised. If we, as educators, are to leave a legacy of more Māori students fashioning and leading our future, the need for the system to step up still remains.

text: Succeeding as Māori: Māori students’ views on our Stepping Up to the Ka Hikitia Challenge This paper examines the vision and intent of New Zealand’s Māori education policy, Ka Hikitia, and its implications on the daily lives of Māori students in New Zealand’s education system. Extensive information on the secondary school experiences of rangatahi Māori (youth) have been gathered—originally in 2001 and at the end of 2015, through Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success (Kia Eke Panuku: Building on Success is a secondary school reform initiative that is fully funded by the Ministry of Education, however, this paper represents the view of the authors and is not necessarily the view of the Ministry). Based on the messages from these two points in time, the paper concludes that the promises of Ka Hikitia are yet to be fully realised. If we, as educators, are to leave a legacy of more Māori students fashioning and leading our future, the need for the system to step up still remains.

year: 2017