title: Sticky trapping of adult mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies alongside three contrasting streams near Hamilton, New Zealand

authors: Collier, Kevin J.

subjects: adult insects

abstract: Sticky traps were used to catch adult mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) alongside three second order streams bordered by pines (Pinus radiata), willow (Salix sp.) or native forest (predominantly kanuka, Kunzea ericoides) near Hamilton, New Zealand. Five traps were attached to tree trunks at each of three heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 5.0 m from base), and were changed monthly between September 1993 and February 1994. During this period, species richness and numbers of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies were highest atthe willow site (31 species and 75% of total numbers), followed by the native site (17 species and 19% of numbers) and the pine site (14 species and 6% of numbers). Catches at the pine site were dominated by mayflies (78% of numbers), whereas mayflies and stoneflies were both relatively abundant atthe native site (49% and 33%, respectively), and mayflies and caddisflies atthe willow site (53% and 44%, respectively). Highest numbers at each site were recorded in December-January, but there did not appear to be a seasonal pattern in species richness. Trap height did not have a significant effect on numbers of mayflies or caddisflies caught at the willow site in December. Sticky traps represent a cheap and passive means of catching predominantly flying adults where numbers are high. Our trap design is likely to be most effective alongside larger streams where the area of streambed relative to trap area is greater.

text: Sticky trapping of adult mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies alongside three contrasting streams near Hamilton, New Zealand Sticky traps were used to catch adult mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) alongside three second order streams bordered by pines (Pinus radiata), willow (Salix sp.) or native forest (predominantly kanuka, Kunzea ericoides) near Hamilton, New Zealand. Five traps were attached to tree trunks at each of three heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 5.0 m from base), and were changed monthly between September 1993 and February 1994. During this period, species richness and numbers of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies were highest atthe willow site (31 species and 75% of total numbers), followed by the native site (17 species and 19% of numbers) and the pine site (14 species and 6% of numbers). Catches at the pine site were dominated by mayflies (78% of numbers), whereas mayflies and stoneflies were both relatively abundant atthe native site (49% and 33%, respectively), and mayflies and caddisflies atthe willow site (53% and 44%, respectively). Highest numbers at each site were recorded in December-January, but there did not appear to be a seasonal pattern in species richness. Trap height did not have a significant effect on numbers of mayflies or caddisflies caught at the willow site in December. Sticky traps represent a cheap and passive means of catching predominantly flying adults where numbers are high. Our trap design is likely to be most effective alongside larger streams where the area of streambed relative to trap area is greater.

year: 1995

title: A blockchain-enabled framework for sharing logistics resources during emergency operations

authors: L'Hermitte, Cécile

subjects: blockchain

abstract: This study presents conceptual research designed to assess how the sharing economy concept can be leveraged to increase the participation of commercial organisations, such as retailers and transporters, in disaster relief operations. Drawing on social exchange theory, the academic literature on the sharing economy and blockchain, as well as existing resource-sharing practices in commercial and humanitarian logistics, the study develops a theoretical framework for analysing the structure, benefits, and prerequisites of a logistics-sharing system in emergency response. In addition, it proposes to utilise the blockchain distributed ledger technology-a shared data platform that enables authenticated communication and the widespread sharing of real-time information-to facilitate interactions and enhance trust between emergency responders and commercial organisations. It is argued that using commercial logistics resources, including emergency supplies, transport capacity, and storage space, has the potential to improve the mobilisation and deployment of urgently needed relief items and augment the flexibility of emergency response.

text: A blockchain-enabled framework for sharing logistics resources during emergency operations This study presents conceptual research designed to assess how the sharing economy concept can be leveraged to increase the participation of commercial organisations, such as retailers and transporters, in disaster relief operations. Drawing on social exchange theory, the academic literature on the sharing economy and blockchain, as well as existing resource-sharing practices in commercial and humanitarian logistics, the study develops a theoretical framework for analysing the structure, benefits, and prerequisites of a logistics-sharing system in emergency response. In addition, it proposes to utilise the blockchain distributed ledger technology-a shared data platform that enables authenticated communication and the widespread sharing of real-time information-to facilitate interactions and enhance trust between emergency responders and commercial organisations. It is argued that using commercial logistics resources, including emergency supplies, transport capacity, and storage space, has the potential to improve the mobilisation and deployment of urgently needed relief items and augment the flexibility of emergency response.

year: 2021-07

title: What a difference a default setting makes

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper examines the effect of the default interface language on the usage of a bilingual digital library. In 2005 the default interface language of a bilingual digital library was alternated on a monthly basis between Māori and English. A comprehensive transaction log analysis over this period reveals that not only did usage in a particular language increase when the default interface language was set to that language but that the way the interface was used, in both languages, was quite different depending on the default language.

text: What a difference a default setting makes This paper examines the effect of the default interface language on the usage of a bilingual digital library. In 2005 the default interface language of a bilingual digital library was alternated on a monthly basis between Māori and English. A comprehensive transaction log analysis over this period reveals that not only did usage in a particular language increase when the default interface language was set to that language but that the way the interface was used, in both languages, was quite different depending on the default language.

year: 2008