title: Coaching for the game of life: Driving coaching with mana

authors: Were, Brandyn Māia

subjects: Kaupapa Māori

abstract: Coaching needs to account for culture. This indigenous autoethnography explores personal experience to show how I, a young Māori male coach in Aotearoa New Zealand, navigates the complex nature of coaching. By weaving together Kaupapa Māori, established coaching knowledge, and experiences from my playing and coaching journey to date, a Kaupapa Māori coaching framework emerges – Driving Coaching with Mana.

As I reflect on the teachings of my coach, Mr. Mel Young, combined with my cultural identity, I reconnect to critical moments in my life that have shaped the person I am today and the values I hold, elevating the centrality of culture through the practice of Kaupapa, Ako, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga, Wairuatanga, and self-reflection as Āta-kaiako (a reflective coach).

Driven to enhance the development of rangatahi (youth) through sport, and informed by literature and experience, Driving Coaching with Mana is personally and culturally grounded – a way of thinking about coaching differently and in a more holistic way. There is more to the people we coach than their lives as athletes. Coaching is more than skill acquisition.

text: Coaching for the game of life: Driving coaching with mana Coaching needs to account for culture. This indigenous autoethnography explores personal experience to show how I, a young Māori male coach in Aotearoa New Zealand, navigates the complex nature of coaching. By weaving together Kaupapa Māori, established coaching knowledge, and experiences from my playing and coaching journey to date, a Kaupapa Māori coaching framework emerges – Driving Coaching with Mana.

As I reflect on the teachings of my coach, Mr. Mel Young, combined with my cultural identity, I reconnect to critical moments in my life that have shaped the person I am today and the values I hold, elevating the centrality of culture through the practice of Kaupapa, Ako, Manaakitanga, Whanaungatanga, Wairuatanga, and self-reflection as Āta-kaiako (a reflective coach).

Driven to enhance the development of rangatahi (youth) through sport, and informed by literature and experience, Driving Coaching with Mana is personally and culturally grounded – a way of thinking about coaching differently and in a more holistic way. There is more to the people we coach than their lives as athletes. Coaching is more than skill acquisition.

year: 2023

title: The Aroha block from 1880 onwards

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: With the discovery of gold in 1880 and the pressure to open the land for mining, there was a need to determine the boundaries of the Ngati Rahiri reserves and to subdivide these amongst the owners. As well, terms for paying goldfields revenue had to be negotiated before the goldfield could be opened, and after its opening the claims of Maori with little or no basis for their claims of ownership had to be investigated. Wairakau reserve, outside the goldfield, was not subdivided until mid-1882, and arguments over the ownership of Tui Pa continued well into the twentieth century. 
At first, sales of Crown land found few takers, especially because the farm sections required draining before they could be developed. Ngati Rahiri reserves were designated as being inalienable, but they could be leased for 21 years, as some portions were, at low rates. Very quickly, officials, who feared Maori would become landless, had to fend off requests to remove restrictions on sale made by owners who in some instances lived far from Te Aroha and who all wanted to obtain money from selling land of little use to them. The indebtedness of some owners led to continued pressure to sell, though often the money they received was wasted. With the fading of the goldfield, miners sought land for farms, and were frustrated at the Crown not purchasing the Ngati Rahiri reserves. 
Land was acquired by the Crown to extend the hot springs domain, and after negotiating improved leases in the Te Aroha township the freehold of this settlement was acquired. Some Maori retained their land, which Pakeha accused them of not improving; Maori requests that the government provide training in farming methods were ignored. By the twentieth century most Ngati Rahiri had become landless, but as many examples illustrate, this was commonly because cash-strapped owners insisted on selling their interests for an immediate financial return.

text: The Aroha block from 1880 onwards With the discovery of gold in 1880 and the pressure to open the land for mining, there was a need to determine the boundaries of the Ngati Rahiri reserves and to subdivide these amongst the owners. As well, terms for paying goldfields revenue had to be negotiated before the goldfield could be opened, and after its opening the claims of Maori with little or no basis for their claims of ownership had to be investigated. Wairakau reserve, outside the goldfield, was not subdivided until mid-1882, and arguments over the ownership of Tui Pa continued well into the twentieth century. 
At first, sales of Crown land found few takers, especially because the farm sections required draining before they could be developed. Ngati Rahiri reserves were designated as being inalienable, but they could be leased for 21 years, as some portions were, at low rates. Very quickly, officials, who feared Maori would become landless, had to fend off requests to remove restrictions on sale made by owners who in some instances lived far from Te Aroha and who all wanted to obtain money from selling land of little use to them. The indebtedness of some owners led to continued pressure to sell, though often the money they received was wasted. With the fading of the goldfield, miners sought land for farms, and were frustrated at the Crown not purchasing the Ngati Rahiri reserves. 
Land was acquired by the Crown to extend the hot springs domain, and after negotiating improved leases in the Te Aroha township the freehold of this settlement was acquired. Some Maori retained their land, which Pakeha accused them of not improving; Maori requests that the government provide training in farming methods were ignored. By the twentieth century most Ngati Rahiri had become landless, but as many examples illustrate, this was commonly because cash-strapped owners insisted on selling their interests for an immediate financial return.

year: 2016

title: αₙ-Designs

authors: Ruggiero, Katya

abstract: This thesis defines a broad class of resolvable incomplete block designs for multifactor experiments, called αₙ-designs. A general methodology for their construction is described and is shown to be a natural extension of the method used by Patterson and Williams (1976) in their construction of α-designs. In fact, the class of α-designs are a special case of αₙ-designs with n = 1. 

The family of αₙ-designs was primarily developed for their use in factorial experiments. While they are particularly suitable for this purpose, for some combinations of design parameters they also provide more efficient designs than the best available α-designs.

Algorithms for the generation of efficient designs require computationally expensive eigenvalue calculations. Therefore, considerable attention is devoted to the study of the structural properties of αₙ-designs and how these can be used to develop computationally fast algorithms. In this endeavour it is shown that the treatment concurrence and information matrices have an important property known as BⁿC-structure. This is used to derive a closed form mathematical expression for the average efficiency factor of any generalized interaction. It is further shown that this expression can be written recursively. These results, combined with the fact than an αₙ-design is completely specified by a small generating array, mean that computer search algorithms can be developed to quickly find highly efficient designs.

A desirable feature in a factorial design is the property of orthogonal factorial structure. The family of αₙ-designs do not, in general, admit this property. However, another class of n-dimensional cyclic designs, known as n-cyclic designs, suitable for non-resolvable designs for factorial experiments are also considered in this thesis. They possess orthogonal factorial structure and include a sizeable subset of designs which are resolvable. These resolvable n-cyclic designs are shown to be αₙ-designs.

The discovery and subsequent development of the family of αₙ-designs has stimulated a new set of interesting questions in relation to factorial experiments. These are discussed at the end of the thesis.

text: αₙ-Designs This thesis defines a broad class of resolvable incomplete block designs for multifactor experiments, called αₙ-designs. A general methodology for their construction is described and is shown to be a natural extension of the method used by Patterson and Williams (1976) in their construction of α-designs. In fact, the class of α-designs are a special case of αₙ-designs with n = 1. 

The family of αₙ-designs was primarily developed for their use in factorial experiments. While they are particularly suitable for this purpose, for some combinations of design parameters they also provide more efficient designs than the best available α-designs.

Algorithms for the generation of efficient designs require computationally expensive eigenvalue calculations. Therefore, considerable attention is devoted to the study of the structural properties of αₙ-designs and how these can be used to develop computationally fast algorithms. In this endeavour it is shown that the treatment concurrence and information matrices have an important property known as BⁿC-structure. This is used to derive a closed form mathematical expression for the average efficiency factor of any generalized interaction. It is further shown that this expression can be written recursively. These results, combined with the fact than an αₙ-design is completely specified by a small generating array, mean that computer search algorithms can be developed to quickly find highly efficient designs.

A desirable feature in a factorial design is the property of orthogonal factorial structure. The family of αₙ-designs do not, in general, admit this property. However, another class of n-dimensional cyclic designs, known as n-cyclic designs, suitable for non-resolvable designs for factorial experiments are also considered in this thesis. They possess orthogonal factorial structure and include a sizeable subset of designs which are resolvable. These resolvable n-cyclic designs are shown to be αₙ-designs.

The discovery and subsequent development of the family of αₙ-designs has stimulated a new set of interesting questions in relation to factorial experiments. These are discussed at the end of the thesis.

year: 2000