title: Composite Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Diagonal Rebars for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings

authors: Samuel, James

subjects: cold-formed steel

abstract: The construction industry is on the lookout for cost-effective structural members that are also environmentally friendly. Built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) sections with minimal thickness can be used to make beams at a lower cost. Plate buckling in CFS beams with thin webs can be avoided by using thick webs, adding stiffeners, or strengthening the web with diagonal rebars. When CFS beams are designed to carry heavy loads, their depth logically increases, resulting in an increase in building floor height. The experimental and numerical investigation of CFS composite beams reinforced with diagonal web rebars is presented in this paper. A total of twelve built-up CFS beams were used for testing, with the first six designed without web encasement and the remaining six designed with web encasement. The first six were constructed with diagonal rebars in the shear and flexure zones, while the other two with diagonal rebars in the shear zone, and the last two without diagonal rebars. The next set of six beams was constructed in the same manner, but with a concrete encasement of the web, and all the beams were then tested. Fly ash, a pozzolanic waste byproduct of thermal power plants, was used as a 40% replacement for cement in making the test specimens. CFS beam failure characteristics, load-deflection behavior, ductility, load-strain relationship, moment-curvature relationship, and lateral stiffness were all investigated. The results of the experimental tests and the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS software were found to be in good agreement. It was discovered that CFS beams with fly ash concrete encased webs have twice the moment resisting capacity of plain CFS beams, resulting in a reduction in building floor height. The results also confirmed that the composite CFS beams have high ductility, making them a reliable choice for earthquake-resistant structures.

text: Composite Cold-Formed Steel Beams with Diagonal Rebars for Earthquake-Resistant Buildings The construction industry is on the lookout for cost-effective structural members that are also environmentally friendly. Built-up cold-formed steel (CFS) sections with minimal thickness can be used to make beams at a lower cost. Plate buckling in CFS beams with thin webs can be avoided by using thick webs, adding stiffeners, or strengthening the web with diagonal rebars. When CFS beams are designed to carry heavy loads, their depth logically increases, resulting in an increase in building floor height. The experimental and numerical investigation of CFS composite beams reinforced with diagonal web rebars is presented in this paper. A total of twelve built-up CFS beams were used for testing, with the first six designed without web encasement and the remaining six designed with web encasement. The first six were constructed with diagonal rebars in the shear and flexure zones, while the other two with diagonal rebars in the shear zone, and the last two without diagonal rebars. The next set of six beams was constructed in the same manner, but with a concrete encasement of the web, and all the beams were then tested. Fly ash, a pozzolanic waste byproduct of thermal power plants, was used as a 40% replacement for cement in making the test specimens. CFS beam failure characteristics, load-deflection behavior, ductility, load-strain relationship, moment-curvature relationship, and lateral stiffness were all investigated. The results of the experimental tests and the nonlinear finite element analysis performed in ANSYS software were found to be in good agreement. It was discovered that CFS beams with fly ash concrete encased webs have twice the moment resisting capacity of plain CFS beams, resulting in a reduction in building floor height. The results also confirmed that the composite CFS beams have high ductility, making them a reliable choice for earthquake-resistant structures.

year: 2023-04-10

title: Christian discipleship and interreligious dialogue: A theological exploration

authors: Pratt, Douglas

subjects: religion

abstract: What is the relationship between Christian mission and inter-faith engagement? What has interreligious dialogue got to do with Christian discipleship? Is one in competition with the other? Is one subsumed within the other? Is one effectively vitiated by the other? And what is the relation of mission to discipleship? Is it the case that ‘making disciples’ is the goal of mission? “Discipleship has been for centuries a way of thinking and speaking about the nature of the Christian life… But what is meant by Christian discipleship?” Is engagement in dialogue an authentic component of Christian discipleship and witness? Or is interreligious dialogue enjoined, in the end, by virtue of being subsumed to mission, whose aim is something other than the pursuit of dialogical relations? These are examples of the deep questions and theological issues that have arisen ever since, in the course of the twentieth century, a sea-change occurred with the wider Christian Church in regard to relationships with, and views about, other religions. This paper addresses just three questions: Is there a biblical basis for inter-faith engagement? What may we make of the ‘Great Commission’ in respect to interreligious dialogue? What is the understanding of mission in regards to discipleship, and how might that relate to interreligious dialogue?

text: Christian discipleship and interreligious dialogue: A theological exploration What is the relationship between Christian mission and inter-faith engagement? What has interreligious dialogue got to do with Christian discipleship? Is one in competition with the other? Is one subsumed within the other? Is one effectively vitiated by the other? And what is the relation of mission to discipleship? Is it the case that ‘making disciples’ is the goal of mission? “Discipleship has been for centuries a way of thinking and speaking about the nature of the Christian life… But what is meant by Christian discipleship?” Is engagement in dialogue an authentic component of Christian discipleship and witness? Or is interreligious dialogue enjoined, in the end, by virtue of being subsumed to mission, whose aim is something other than the pursuit of dialogical relations? These are examples of the deep questions and theological issues that have arisen ever since, in the course of the twentieth century, a sea-change occurred with the wider Christian Church in regard to relationships with, and views about, other religions. This paper addresses just three questions: Is there a biblical basis for inter-faith engagement? What may we make of the ‘Great Commission’ in respect to interreligious dialogue? What is the understanding of mission in regards to discipleship, and how might that relate to interreligious dialogue?

year: 2006-11

title: An examination of genres and text-types in written Māori discourse: Analysis and pedagogic implications

authors: Houia-Roberts, Ngaere

abstract: The overall aim of this research project is to determine what genres and text-types are most commonly required of students at upper secondary and tertiary levels in Māori-medium educational settings (Chapter 4), and to further determine, in relation to the analysis of authentic texts written by educated users of the language who have a high level of proficiency, how such genres and text-types are typically structured (Chapters 5 and 6). It is intended that this information should provide teachers and students with a solid foundation for the development of the skills required to create written texts in Māori that are structured in ways that are as close as possible to authentic discourses written by educated and highly proficient users of the language (Chapter 7). The thesis begins by providing some background to the research and outlining the primary aims, research questions and research methods (Chapter 1). This is followed by a critical review of some general landmark publications in the area of genre and text-type (Chapter 2).More pedagogically-centred, process-oriented approaches to genre and text-type are then critically reviewed in the context of the design of the model which underpins the analyses conducted in the following chapters.

text: An examination of genres and text-types in written Māori discourse: Analysis and pedagogic implications The overall aim of this research project is to determine what genres and text-types are most commonly required of students at upper secondary and tertiary levels in Māori-medium educational settings (Chapter 4), and to further determine, in relation to the analysis of authentic texts written by educated users of the language who have a high level of proficiency, how such genres and text-types are typically structured (Chapters 5 and 6). It is intended that this information should provide teachers and students with a solid foundation for the development of the skills required to create written texts in Māori that are structured in ways that are as close as possible to authentic discourses written by educated and highly proficient users of the language (Chapter 7). The thesis begins by providing some background to the research and outlining the primary aims, research questions and research methods (Chapter 1). This is followed by a critical review of some general landmark publications in the area of genre and text-type (Chapter 2).More pedagogically-centred, process-oriented approaches to genre and text-type are then critically reviewed in the context of the design of the model which underpins the analyses conducted in the following chapters.

year: 2004