title: Measuring eye movements while tracking accelerating and decelerating targets

authors: Luckie, Joanne Marie

subjects: Eye-Tracking

abstract: Humans have an anisotropic perception of motion in depth.  An object moving towards the eye is perceived correctly, but when an object is moving away the points closest to the eye appear to be moving faster than the points further away from the eye.  This research examined if there is a difference between eye movement patterns during the two directions (forwards and away), how the eye tracks an accelerating or decelerating target, and if the anisotropic response to motion can be improved with practice.  Participants were asked to watch a movie of a target moving across a computer screen.  The target moved either left to right accelerating from a slow velocity (forwards condition), or right to left decelerating from a fast velocity (backwards condition).  Participant’s eye velocity and saccades were used to look for differences between the two conditions as well as changes over time (learning).  It was found that mean tracking velocity errors differed between the directions, and at different time slices of the videos.  Participants learned to make less tracking errors at the highest velocities during the backwards condition.  Anticipation differed between the directions, as anticipation was only seen during the backwards condition.  Participants learned to make saccades prior to the motion of the target, and the more trials they experienced the greater the learning results.  Overall, a number of differences were identified between accelerating and decelerating movement conditions indicating that eye movements may play a role in the anisotropic perception of motion in depth effect.

text: Measuring eye movements while tracking accelerating and decelerating targets Humans have an anisotropic perception of motion in depth.  An object moving towards the eye is perceived correctly, but when an object is moving away the points closest to the eye appear to be moving faster than the points further away from the eye.  This research examined if there is a difference between eye movement patterns during the two directions (forwards and away), how the eye tracks an accelerating or decelerating target, and if the anisotropic response to motion can be improved with practice.  Participants were asked to watch a movie of a target moving across a computer screen.  The target moved either left to right accelerating from a slow velocity (forwards condition), or right to left decelerating from a fast velocity (backwards condition).  Participant’s eye velocity and saccades were used to look for differences between the two conditions as well as changes over time (learning).  It was found that mean tracking velocity errors differed between the directions, and at different time slices of the videos.  Participants learned to make less tracking errors at the highest velocities during the backwards condition.  Anticipation differed between the directions, as anticipation was only seen during the backwards condition.  Participants learned to make saccades prior to the motion of the target, and the more trials they experienced the greater the learning results.  Overall, a number of differences were identified between accelerating and decelerating movement conditions indicating that eye movements may play a role in the anisotropic perception of motion in depth effect.

year: 2018

title: Oxygen isotopic paleotemperatures across the Runangan—Whaingaroan (Eocene—Oligocene) boundary in a New Zealand shelf sequence

authors: Burns, David A.

subjects: paleotemperatures

abstract: Oxygen isotopic compositions of the tests of mainly benthic foraminifera, from sections of conformable Late Eocene (Runangan) to Early Oligocene (Whaingaroan) shelf mudstones, at both Cape Foulwind and Port Elizabeth, western South Island, indicate. that shelf sea paleotemperatures followed the global open-ocean trend towards a Paleogene minimum near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Throughout the latest Eocene, temperatures declined steadily by 3°C, showed a temporary minor warming at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, dropped sharply by 2°C in the Early Oligocene, and ameliorated significantly later in the Early Oligocene. The qualitative temperature trends for New Zealand shelf waters at this time are similar to those inferred from earlier paleontologic syntheses and limited oxygen isotopic work, but involve a range of temperatures within the warm and cool temperate climatic zones and an absolute temperature depression across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary of only 5°C (from about 17 to 12°C). Results are consistent with isotopic paleotemperatures determined from deep-sea sediment cores south of New Zealand where the cooling is inferred to mark the onset of production of Antarctic bottom waters at near-freezing temperatures. © 1981 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

text: Oxygen isotopic paleotemperatures across the Runangan—Whaingaroan (Eocene—Oligocene) boundary in a New Zealand shelf sequence Oxygen isotopic compositions of the tests of mainly benthic foraminifera, from sections of conformable Late Eocene (Runangan) to Early Oligocene (Whaingaroan) shelf mudstones, at both Cape Foulwind and Port Elizabeth, western South Island, indicate. that shelf sea paleotemperatures followed the global open-ocean trend towards a Paleogene minimum near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Throughout the latest Eocene, temperatures declined steadily by 3°C, showed a temporary minor warming at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, dropped sharply by 2°C in the Early Oligocene, and ameliorated significantly later in the Early Oligocene. The qualitative temperature trends for New Zealand shelf waters at this time are similar to those inferred from earlier paleontologic syntheses and limited oxygen isotopic work, but involve a range of temperatures within the warm and cool temperate climatic zones and an absolute temperature depression across the Eocene-Oligocene boundary of only 5°C (from about 17 to 12°C). Results are consistent with isotopic paleotemperatures determined from deep-sea sediment cores south of New Zealand where the cooling is inferred to mark the onset of production of Antarctic bottom waters at near-freezing temperatures. © 1981 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

year: 1981-07-01

title: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health.

authors: Goodwin, Debbie Waireka Tuhi

subjects: Maori

abstract: Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

text: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health. Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

year: 2003