title: The structure characterization of cellulose xanthogenate derived from the straw of Eichhornia crassipes

authors: Zhou, Wenbing

subjects: eichhornia crassipes

abstract: Alkali-treated straw and cellulose xanthogenate were derived from shoot and root biomass of Eichhornia crassipes by treatment with NaOH and CS₂, respectively. The structures of the raw and modified plant materials were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTA, and FTIR. Alkali treatment increased the crystallinity of raw plant material, while the subsequent CS₂ treatment had the reverse effect. The thermal stability of the plant material was diminished by alkali treatment but was restored by subsequent CS₂ treatment. Alkali treatment removed most of the lignin and hemicellulose from the raw plant material, whereas the formation of cellulose xanthogenate introduced new C=S and O–CS–S functional groups.

text: The structure characterization of cellulose xanthogenate derived from the straw of Eichhornia crassipes Alkali-treated straw and cellulose xanthogenate were derived from shoot and root biomass of Eichhornia crassipes by treatment with NaOH and CS₂, respectively. The structures of the raw and modified plant materials were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTA, and FTIR. Alkali treatment increased the crystallinity of raw plant material, while the subsequent CS₂ treatment had the reverse effect. The thermal stability of the plant material was diminished by alkali treatment but was restored by subsequent CS₂ treatment. Alkali treatment removed most of the lignin and hemicellulose from the raw plant material, whereas the formation of cellulose xanthogenate introduced new C=S and O–CS–S functional groups.

year: 2009

title: Studies of transformation and particle-binding of resin acids during oxidative treatment of effluent from Two New Zealand pulp mills

authors: Kanber, S. A.

subjects: resin acid transformation

abstract: Reactor studies of aerobic degradation of effluent from the first and last ponds of the treatment system of two New Zealand pulp and paper mills indicated that filterable BOD5, resin acids and transformed resin acids, free and bound, degraded at similar rates. During oxidative treatment the resin acids of untreated effluent became increasingly bound to particulate material and a sediment high in abiet-13-enoic acid was formed.

text: Studies of transformation and particle-binding of resin acids during oxidative treatment of effluent from Two New Zealand pulp mills Reactor studies of aerobic degradation of effluent from the first and last ponds of the treatment system of two New Zealand pulp and paper mills indicated that filterable BOD5, resin acids and transformed resin acids, free and bound, degraded at similar rates. During oxidative treatment the resin acids of untreated effluent became increasingly bound to particulate material and a sediment high in abiet-13-enoic acid was formed.

year: 2008

title: Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti competed at the Mātaatua Regional Kapa Haka Competition 2014 to qualify for the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015, Christchurch. Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti placed first overall, 1st mōteatea, 1st, Haka, 1st Whakawātea, 1st Female Leader, 1st Male Leader, 1st Waiata Tira, 1st Te Reo, 1st Original Composition, 1st Costume, 2nd Waiata a Ringa, 2nd, Poi, 2nd Whakaeke.

text: Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti competed at the Mātaatua Regional Kapa Haka Competition 2014 to qualify for the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka Competition 2015, Christchurch. Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti placed first overall, 1st mōteatea, 1st, Haka, 1st Whakawātea, 1st Female Leader, 1st Male Leader, 1st Waiata Tira, 1st Te Reo, 1st Original Composition, 1st Costume, 2nd Waiata a Ringa, 2nd, Poi, 2nd Whakaeke.

year: 2014-02-22