title: Clustering Relational Data Based on Randomized Propositionalization

authors: Anderson, Grant

subjects: computer science

abstract: Clustering of relational data has so far received a lot less attention than classification of such data. In this paper we investigate a simple approach based on randomized propositionalization, which allows for applying standard clustering algorithms like KMeans to multi-relational data. We describe how random rules are generated and then turned into Boolean-valued features. Clustering generally is not straightforward to evaluate, but preliminary experimental results on a number of standard ILP datasets show promising results. Clusters generated without class information usually agree well with the true class labels of cluster members, i.e. class distributions inside clusters generally differ significantly from the global class distributions. The two-tiered algorithm described shows good scalability due to the randomized nature of the first step and the availability of efficient propositional clustering algorithms for the second step.

text: Clustering Relational Data Based on Randomized Propositionalization Clustering of relational data has so far received a lot less attention than classification of such data. In this paper we investigate a simple approach based on randomized propositionalization, which allows for applying standard clustering algorithms like KMeans to multi-relational data. We describe how random rules are generated and then turned into Boolean-valued features. Clustering generally is not straightforward to evaluate, but preliminary experimental results on a number of standard ILP datasets show promising results. Clusters generated without class information usually agree well with the true class labels of cluster members, i.e. class distributions inside clusters generally differ significantly from the global class distributions. The two-tiered algorithm described shows good scalability due to the randomized nature of the first step and the availability of efficient propositional clustering algorithms for the second step.

year: 2008

title: Social media adoption by microbusinesses

authors: Mandal, Debashish

subjects: Social media

abstract: The social media implementation process (initiation, adoption, adaptation, acceptance, use and incorporation) is examined in correlation with the five factors (individual, organisational, technological, environmental and performance). Numerous existing theories from the innovation, technology adoption and performance measurement literature are used to derive probable relation between the implementation process and the five factors. Such expansive scope and comprehensive theory development has been articulated but never attempted. To manage the large scope, microbusinesses are selected purposefully due to their limited business processes. The research design reflects the need for relevance by using Lewin’s action research (traditional social change model) as the primary method augmented by participant observation (physical and online). Data collection uses a mix of unstructured, semi-structured and structured interviews assisted by structured observation. Data analysis uses a set of routines, such as tabulation, categorisation, abstraction and verification, involving prediction and testing.
The research finds that a collaborative process to address concerns, along with quick start and self-training, helped to adopt social media. Participants needed to focus on concrete experience, work-place learning and personal knowledge for learning to use social media. Usefulness arising from improved communication, fitness and medium richness was the dominant indicator for acceptance and use. Continued use relied on satisfaction and habit of the user. Individual characteristics and personality factors both seemed to be a poor indicator of adoption with weak links towards extroversion. Microbusinesses suffered primarily from context and mental mode related challenges for social media use. Type of business, such as service shops, had a greater probability of success. Social media positively affected relationship marketing in terms of service quality. Business activity associated with specialisation seemed to perform poorly with social media. Finally, performance measurement techniques included finding the capability of social media to meet survival objectives, improve capacity utilisation and business resale value.

text: Social media adoption by microbusinesses The social media implementation process (initiation, adoption, adaptation, acceptance, use and incorporation) is examined in correlation with the five factors (individual, organisational, technological, environmental and performance). Numerous existing theories from the innovation, technology adoption and performance measurement literature are used to derive probable relation between the implementation process and the five factors. Such expansive scope and comprehensive theory development has been articulated but never attempted. To manage the large scope, microbusinesses are selected purposefully due to their limited business processes. The research design reflects the need for relevance by using Lewin’s action research (traditional social change model) as the primary method augmented by participant observation (physical and online). Data collection uses a mix of unstructured, semi-structured and structured interviews assisted by structured observation. Data analysis uses a set of routines, such as tabulation, categorisation, abstraction and verification, involving prediction and testing.
The research finds that a collaborative process to address concerns, along with quick start and self-training, helped to adopt social media. Participants needed to focus on concrete experience, work-place learning and personal knowledge for learning to use social media. Usefulness arising from improved communication, fitness and medium richness was the dominant indicator for acceptance and use. Continued use relied on satisfaction and habit of the user. Individual characteristics and personality factors both seemed to be a poor indicator of adoption with weak links towards extroversion. Microbusinesses suffered primarily from context and mental mode related challenges for social media use. Type of business, such as service shops, had a greater probability of success. Social media positively affected relationship marketing in terms of service quality. Business activity associated with specialisation seemed to perform poorly with social media. Finally, performance measurement techniques included finding the capability of social media to meet survival objectives, improve capacity utilisation and business resale value.

year: 2015

title: Using the curriculum guidelines for the teaching and learning of te reo Māori in Years 1 – 13 of New Zealand schools to create lessons for young learners

authors: Johnson, Diane

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: In 2009, The New Zealand Ministry of Education published curriculum guidelines for te reo Maori in Years 1 – 13 of English-medium New Zealand schools, that is, from age 5 upwards. These guidelines recommend a communicative approach to the teaching and learning of te reo Māori. In this article, we discuss communicative approaches and provide examples of ways in which teachers can design communicative language lessons that are appropriate for very young learners, lessons that are not only fun but also effective in developing genuine communicative competence in te reo Māori.

text: Using the curriculum guidelines for the teaching and learning of te reo Māori in Years 1 – 13 of New Zealand schools to create lessons for young learners In 2009, The New Zealand Ministry of Education published curriculum guidelines for te reo Maori in Years 1 – 13 of English-medium New Zealand schools, that is, from age 5 upwards. These guidelines recommend a communicative approach to the teaching and learning of te reo Māori. In this article, we discuss communicative approaches and provide examples of ways in which teachers can design communicative language lessons that are appropriate for very young learners, lessons that are not only fun but also effective in developing genuine communicative competence in te reo Māori.

year: 2009-09