title: Identifying Mineralogical and Geochemical Vectors towards the Epithermal Au-Ag Correnso Mine, Waihi

authors: Singh, Ravinder Sardul

subjects: Correnso Deposit

abstract: The Au-Ag rich Correnso vein is a low sulphidation epithermal deposit located east of Waihi and is named after the clay mineral corrensite. Hydrothermally altered andesitic and dacitic host rocks of the Waipupu Formation, informally subdivided into Upper Andesite and Lower Andesite units, contain Au-Ag rich quartz veins. The interaction of hot, dominantly meteoric water with the host rocks causes mineralogical and geochemical changes. Hydrothermal alteration manifested as mineralogical alteration and geochemical signatures can help in identifying vectors to constrain potential areas of enhanced mineralization for exploration purposes. Hydrothermal alteration has been suggested to have potential as exploration vector for epithermal deposits in particular as alteration halos can extend up to considerable distances (Christie et al., 2001; Simpson and Mauk, 2004). 
Visual core logging, petrography, pXRF, and Aqua-Regia/2-Acid Digest (ICP-MS) analysis were used in this study to analyse and quantify alteration zonation patterns and trace element metasomatism in order to identify vectors towards the mineralisation. Results suggest a clear mineralogical and geochemical alteration zonation pattern around the vein system. The unaltered, moderately altered and highly altered rocks are often adjacent to one another, implying that hydrothermal fluids have migrated through the host rocks in a highly heterogeneous fashion. The migration of fluids is likely controlled by both primary and secondary (e.g. fault/fracture) permeability. The overall mineralogical pattern can be described as quartz ± adularia ± sericite assemblage which is similar to the adjacent deposits of the Waihi area. Alteration zonation in the host rocks consists of potassic alteration proximal to the vein system surrounded by sericitic alteration, with illite-smectite dominated argillic assemblage overprinting both alteration types. Propylitic alteration is more prominent to the outward zones and distal to the mineralisation. Geochemical analysis show enrichment of pathfinder elements such as As, As, Sb, Hg, Zn, Pb, Se, and K and depletion of Cu, Te and Se.

text: Identifying Mineralogical and Geochemical Vectors towards the Epithermal Au-Ag Correnso Mine, Waihi The Au-Ag rich Correnso vein is a low sulphidation epithermal deposit located east of Waihi and is named after the clay mineral corrensite. Hydrothermally altered andesitic and dacitic host rocks of the Waipupu Formation, informally subdivided into Upper Andesite and Lower Andesite units, contain Au-Ag rich quartz veins. The interaction of hot, dominantly meteoric water with the host rocks causes mineralogical and geochemical changes. Hydrothermal alteration manifested as mineralogical alteration and geochemical signatures can help in identifying vectors to constrain potential areas of enhanced mineralization for exploration purposes. Hydrothermal alteration has been suggested to have potential as exploration vector for epithermal deposits in particular as alteration halos can extend up to considerable distances (Christie et al., 2001; Simpson and Mauk, 2004). 
Visual core logging, petrography, pXRF, and Aqua-Regia/2-Acid Digest (ICP-MS) analysis were used in this study to analyse and quantify alteration zonation patterns and trace element metasomatism in order to identify vectors towards the mineralisation. Results suggest a clear mineralogical and geochemical alteration zonation pattern around the vein system. The unaltered, moderately altered and highly altered rocks are often adjacent to one another, implying that hydrothermal fluids have migrated through the host rocks in a highly heterogeneous fashion. The migration of fluids is likely controlled by both primary and secondary (e.g. fault/fracture) permeability. The overall mineralogical pattern can be described as quartz ± adularia ± sericite assemblage which is similar to the adjacent deposits of the Waihi area. Alteration zonation in the host rocks consists of potassic alteration proximal to the vein system surrounded by sericitic alteration, with illite-smectite dominated argillic assemblage overprinting both alteration types. Propylitic alteration is more prominent to the outward zones and distal to the mineralisation. Geochemical analysis show enrichment of pathfinder elements such as As, As, Sb, Hg, Zn, Pb, Se, and K and depletion of Cu, Te and Se.

year: 2015

title: Healing through culture: Kava-talanoa as a PTSD therapeutic framework

authors: Aporosa, S. 'Apo'

abstract: Introduction: The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasing, particularly among military personnel, first responders (police, fire, ambulance), and prison officers. PTSD is also a health economic burden, with costs linked to treatment, long-term morbidity, and increased mortality risk. Many cases go undiagnosed due to factors such as trauma-related avoidance behavior, which also negatively impacts PTSD therapy (Watkins et al., 2018, Front. Behav. Neurosci., 12:1-9). There is a significant unmet need for improved and culturally aligned PTSD treatments in the Pacific and beyond. Medical standards of care for acute anxiety/PTSD typically involve psychotropic drugs such as benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotics. These medications offer short-term relief only, carry addictive risks, are contraindicated for key populations (e.g., the elderly), and have had harmful effects in indigenous communities. Kava (Piper methysticum) is a traditional, culturally significant Pacific Island beverage known for its soporific and relaxant effects, similar to benzodiazepine (Sarris et al., 2012, J. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp., 27:262-9). Unlike benzodiazepines, kava is non-addictive with regular use and extremely safe—regulated as ‘food’ in several countries (Aporosa, 2019, J. Drug Sci. Policy Law, 5:1-13). Kava does not induce marked euphoria or hallucinations (Aporosa et al., 2022, J. Ethnopharm., 291:1-15), and promotes productive discussion known as talanoa—a form of ‘talk therapy’ (Vaka et al., Issues Ment. Health Nurs., 37:537-544). 
Methods: This ethics approved (21/372) study was guided by the faikava talanoa methodology (Aporosa et al., 2021, Pacific Dynamics, 5:74-92). Self-report experiences of Pacific-based UK and US military veterans and serving combat returnees (n=40) were documented in traditionally influenced kava-use spaces in which attendees engaged in talanoa. While exact kava consumption volumes were not measured, participants typically consumed 3.6 litres (6.33 pints) of kava—approximately 5,000 mg of kavalactones— over six hours. Focused coding was utilised to analyse participant comments. Results: Participants reported that engagement in talanoa within traditionally influenced kava-use spaces increased their relational connectedness, improved meaning making of trauma experiences and promoted better sleep. 
Conclusions: Aided by kava’s anxiolytic soporific effects, it is suspected that kava use with talanoa reduces the triggering of ‘fear structures’, minimizes avoidance behavior and aids sleep quality, contributing to symptom reduction. Further, we believe that kava-talanoa offers an innovative, culturally augmented, A56 ABSTRACTS group-based CBT intervention (Aporosa et al., 2025, Front. Psychol., doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1460731). The f indings serve as a foundation for clinical trials (underway) to determine the efficacy of the approach as a much-needed transcultural treatment of trauma that addresses the global PTSD burden.

text: Healing through culture: Kava-talanoa as a PTSD therapeutic framework Introduction: The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is increasing, particularly among military personnel, first responders (police, fire, ambulance), and prison officers. PTSD is also a health economic burden, with costs linked to treatment, long-term morbidity, and increased mortality risk. Many cases go undiagnosed due to factors such as trauma-related avoidance behavior, which also negatively impacts PTSD therapy (Watkins et al., 2018, Front. Behav. Neurosci., 12:1-9). There is a significant unmet need for improved and culturally aligned PTSD treatments in the Pacific and beyond. Medical standards of care for acute anxiety/PTSD typically involve psychotropic drugs such as benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antipsychotics. These medications offer short-term relief only, carry addictive risks, are contraindicated for key populations (e.g., the elderly), and have had harmful effects in indigenous communities. Kava (Piper methysticum) is a traditional, culturally significant Pacific Island beverage known for its soporific and relaxant effects, similar to benzodiazepine (Sarris et al., 2012, J. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp., 27:262-9). Unlike benzodiazepines, kava is non-addictive with regular use and extremely safe—regulated as ‘food’ in several countries (Aporosa, 2019, J. Drug Sci. Policy Law, 5:1-13). Kava does not induce marked euphoria or hallucinations (Aporosa et al., 2022, J. Ethnopharm., 291:1-15), and promotes productive discussion known as talanoa—a form of ‘talk therapy’ (Vaka et al., Issues Ment. Health Nurs., 37:537-544). 
Methods: This ethics approved (21/372) study was guided by the faikava talanoa methodology (Aporosa et al., 2021, Pacific Dynamics, 5:74-92). Self-report experiences of Pacific-based UK and US military veterans and serving combat returnees (n=40) were documented in traditionally influenced kava-use spaces in which attendees engaged in talanoa. While exact kava consumption volumes were not measured, participants typically consumed 3.6 litres (6.33 pints) of kava—approximately 5,000 mg of kavalactones— over six hours. Focused coding was utilised to analyse participant comments. Results: Participants reported that engagement in talanoa within traditionally influenced kava-use spaces increased their relational connectedness, improved meaning making of trauma experiences and promoted better sleep. 
Conclusions: Aided by kava’s anxiolytic soporific effects, it is suspected that kava use with talanoa reduces the triggering of ‘fear structures’, minimizes avoidance behavior and aids sleep quality, contributing to symptom reduction. Further, we believe that kava-talanoa offers an innovative, culturally augmented, A56 ABSTRACTS group-based CBT intervention (Aporosa et al., 2025, Front. Psychol., doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1460731). The f indings serve as a foundation for clinical trials (underway) to determine the efficacy of the approach as a much-needed transcultural treatment of trauma that addresses the global PTSD burden.

year: 2025

title: He Matapihi Mā Mua, Mō Muri: The Ethics, Processes, and Procedures Associated with the Digitization of Indigenous Knowledge—The Pei Jones Collection

authors: Whaanga, Hēmi

abstract: The digital era has transformed how people live their lives and interact with the world and knowledge systems around them. In Aotearoa/New Zealand a range of initiatives incorporating Indigenous knowledge have been implemented to collect, catalog, maintain, and organize digital objects. In this article, we report on the ethics, processes, and procedures associated with the digitization of the manuscripts, works, and collected taonga (treasures) of the late Dr. Pei Te Hurinui Jones—and describe how it was transformed into a digital library. It discusses the decision-making processes and the various roles and responsibilities of the researchers, family members, and institute in this process.

text: He Matapihi Mā Mua, Mō Muri: The Ethics, Processes, and Procedures Associated with the Digitization of Indigenous Knowledge—The Pei Jones Collection The digital era has transformed how people live their lives and interact with the world and knowledge systems around them. In Aotearoa/New Zealand a range of initiatives incorporating Indigenous knowledge have been implemented to collect, catalog, maintain, and organize digital objects. In this article, we report on the ethics, processes, and procedures associated with the digitization of the manuscripts, works, and collected taonga (treasures) of the late Dr. Pei Te Hurinui Jones—and describe how it was transformed into a digital library. It discusses the decision-making processes and the various roles and responsibilities of the researchers, family members, and institute in this process.

year: 2015