title: A comparison of verilog synthesis frontends

authors: Stokes, Daniel

subjects: software engineering

abstract: A crucial consideration in choosing a frontend synthesis tool is the quality of the synthesised result. This kind of benchmarking is critical to choosing a fit-for-purpose tool. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the only comparison of Odin II, the front-end of Verilog-to-Routing, and another synthesis tool was focused primarily on Odin II and Yosys’ performance with respect to commercial counterparts in the Xilinx ISE tool. Further, such an evaluation is to improve confidence in research findings utilising these tools. The quality of results for a poorly optimised research tool may not reflect the performance of real-world applications, adding uncertainty to any findings and requiring extra work from the researcher to obtain valid results. We compare Odin II and Yosys targeting the Xilinx Artix-7 architecture provided by SymbiFlow.

text: A comparison of verilog synthesis frontends A crucial consideration in choosing a frontend synthesis tool is the quality of the synthesised result. This kind of benchmarking is critical to choosing a fit-for-purpose tool. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the only comparison of Odin II, the front-end of Verilog-to-Routing, and another synthesis tool was focused primarily on Odin II and Yosys’ performance with respect to commercial counterparts in the Xilinx ISE tool. Further, such an evaluation is to improve confidence in research findings utilising these tools. The quality of results for a poorly optimised research tool may not reflect the performance of real-world applications, adding uncertainty to any findings and requiring extra work from the researcher to obtain valid results. We compare Odin II and Yosys targeting the Xilinx Artix-7 architecture provided by SymbiFlow.

year: 2021

title: Influence of feeding level after drying off on incidence of mastitis and keratin plug formation in dairy cows

authors: Summers, Emma Louise

subjects: drying off

abstract: Two groups of 70 cows, including 51 identical twin sets, were grazed at either an unrestricted (14 kg dry matter intake/day; DMI/d) or restricted (6 kg DMI/d) daily pasture allowance for two weeks after drying off (DO). Incidence of new intramammary infection (IMI) and teat open/closed status was assessed at 7, 14 and 21 days after DO. Keratin plug formation was determined on a subset of 40 cows at 7 and 14 days after DO. Number of clinical mastitis (CM) cases and total new IMI did not differ between cows maintained on unrestricted or restricted DMI. However Streptococcus uberis was isolated from more new IMI in unrestricted animals than restricted animals (11.7% vs. 4.6 % of quarters respectively; P <0.01). At 7 and 14 days after DO, more teats were classified as open in the unrestricted group compared to the restricted animals (57% vs. 43% of quarters respectively; P <0.01). However weight of keratin collected from teat canals did not differ between nutritional treatments. Results suggest that unrestricted nutrition after DO did not increase risk of CM but does increase risk of S. uberis infection.

text: Influence of feeding level after drying off on incidence of mastitis and keratin plug formation in dairy cows Two groups of 70 cows, including 51 identical twin sets, were grazed at either an unrestricted (14 kg dry matter intake/day; DMI/d) or restricted (6 kg DMI/d) daily pasture allowance for two weeks after drying off (DO). Incidence of new intramammary infection (IMI) and teat open/closed status was assessed at 7, 14 and 21 days after DO. Keratin plug formation was determined on a subset of 40 cows at 7 and 14 days after DO. Number of clinical mastitis (CM) cases and total new IMI did not differ between cows maintained on unrestricted or restricted DMI. However Streptococcus uberis was isolated from more new IMI in unrestricted animals than restricted animals (11.7% vs. 4.6 % of quarters respectively; P <0.01). At 7 and 14 days after DO, more teats were classified as open in the unrestricted group compared to the restricted animals (57% vs. 43% of quarters respectively; P <0.01). However weight of keratin collected from teat canals did not differ between nutritional treatments. Results suggest that unrestricted nutrition after DO did not increase risk of CM but does increase risk of S. uberis infection.

year: 2004

title: Engaging Māori in Biobanking and Genetic Research: Legal, Ethical and Policy Challenges

authors: Beaton, Angela

subjects: Indigenous

abstract: Publically funded biobanking initiatives and genetic research should contribute towards reducing inequalities in health by reducing the prevalence and burden of disease. It is essential that Maori and other Indigenous populations share in health gains derived from these activities. The Health Research Council of New Zealand has funded a research project (2012-2015) to identify Maori perspectives on biobanking and genetic research, and to develop cultural guidelines for ethical biobanking and genetic research involving biospecimens. This review describes relevant values and ethics embedded in Maori indigenous knowledge, and how they may be applied to culturally safe interactions between biobanks, researchers, individual participants, and communities. Key issues of ownership, privacy, and consent are also considered within the legal and policy context that guides biobanking and genetic research practices within New Zealand. Areas of concern are highlighted and recommendations of international relevance are provided. To develop a productive environment for "next-generation" biobanking and genomic research,"‘next-generation" regulatory solutions will be required.

text: Engaging Māori in Biobanking and Genetic Research: Legal, Ethical and Policy Challenges Publically funded biobanking initiatives and genetic research should contribute towards reducing inequalities in health by reducing the prevalence and burden of disease. It is essential that Maori and other Indigenous populations share in health gains derived from these activities. The Health Research Council of New Zealand has funded a research project (2012-2015) to identify Maori perspectives on biobanking and genetic research, and to develop cultural guidelines for ethical biobanking and genetic research involving biospecimens. This review describes relevant values and ethics embedded in Maori indigenous knowledge, and how they may be applied to culturally safe interactions between biobanks, researchers, individual participants, and communities. Key issues of ownership, privacy, and consent are also considered within the legal and policy context that guides biobanking and genetic research practices within New Zealand. Areas of concern are highlighted and recommendations of international relevance are provided. To develop a productive environment for "next-generation" biobanking and genomic research,"‘next-generation" regulatory solutions will be required.

year: 2015