title: Establishing the "new" into "the way we do things": Reviewing paper aims and content in response to national and local developments.

authors: Earl Rinehart, (Suzanne) Kerry

subjects: initial teacher education

abstract: This paper reports on a review of "Professional practice and inquiry I" in response to local and national developments. The introduction of The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) raised questions for initial teacher educators about how they might prepare their pre-service student teachers to teach using this updated curriculum. "Professional practice and inquiry I" is a first semester compulsory professional paper University of Waikato Bachelor of Teaching students (primary). The introduction of the 2007 national curriculum document was not the only reason for a review of this professional paper. This paper outlines how the teaching team had recognized the mixture of influences that impact on the development of paper content, explains in some detail what we did for the teaching and learning of the new 2007 key competencies, and the outcomes we found through collecting student voice. This was part of a collaborative research project investigating the teaching and learning of the "front end" of The New Zealand Curriculum (ibid) and incorporating those findings into the primary Bachelor of Teaching programme.

text: Establishing the "new" into "the way we do things": Reviewing paper aims and content in response to national and local developments. This paper reports on a review of "Professional practice and inquiry I" in response to local and national developments. The introduction of The New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education, 2007) raised questions for initial teacher educators about how they might prepare their pre-service student teachers to teach using this updated curriculum. "Professional practice and inquiry I" is a first semester compulsory professional paper University of Waikato Bachelor of Teaching students (primary). The introduction of the 2007 national curriculum document was not the only reason for a review of this professional paper. This paper outlines how the teaching team had recognized the mixture of influences that impact on the development of paper content, explains in some detail what we did for the teaching and learning of the new 2007 key competencies, and the outcomes we found through collecting student voice. This was part of a collaborative research project investigating the teaching and learning of the "front end" of The New Zealand Curriculum (ibid) and incorporating those findings into the primary Bachelor of Teaching programme.

year: 2010

title: Cow breed, stocking rate, and calving date affect the profitability of pasture-based dairy farms

authors: Spaans, Olivia Katherine

abstract: Data from two multi-year experiments undertaken at the DairyNZ research farm, No 2. Dairy were collated and analysed. The effects of:
1)	 Breed (Jersey or Holstein-Friesian; JER, HF) at optimum or high comparative stocking rates (CSR; 80 or 100 kg body weight (BW)/t dry matter (DM) of feed available; CSR80 and CSR100, respectively); and 
2)	Changing the mean calving date (January, April, July, or October; JAN, APR, JUL, OCT) 
on biophysical measurements (i.e., milk production, pasture growth) and farm profitability were determined. 
Changing these strategic management variables affected the amount of pasture grown and consumed. For example, there was an interaction between breed and CSR in many of the measured pasture and milk production variables in experiment one; whilst, in experiment two, changes in the month of calving affected pasture dry matter intake (DMI) in early-mid and mid-late lactation, and annual milk production. Annual pasture production was greatly reduced at CSR100 on the HF farmlet, but not on the JER farmlet. Month of calving affected pasture DMI during early-mid lactation and mid-late lactation. 
A breed x CSR interaction reduced milk production per cow at CSR100, an effect that was greater in the HF breed than in the JER. Month of calving affected milk production per cow with the JUL herd producing the highest yield, compared with the JAN, APR and OCT herds.
Other breed x CSR interactions were also detected: JER cows had the lowest mean days in milk (DIM) to first heat at both CSR80 and 100; furthermore, there were negative effects of an increase in CSR from 80 to 100 kg body weight/t DM feed in the HF breed on DIM to first heat. Total metabolisable energy (ME) requirements per cow was affected by a breed x CSR interaction. At CSR80, the HF used more ME per cow than the JER, whilst at CSR100, both breeds used less total ME per cow than at CSR80, but the HF again used more than the JER.
From a profitability perspective, HF cows had a greater operating profit per hectare than JER at CSR80; however, JER cows were more profitable at CSR100. The JUL herd had the most profitable farm system, in both the base economic model and stochastic model. Results of the stochastic modelling with no premium included in the milk payment (NZ$/kg fat and protein) variable revealed the operating profit per hectare was greatest for the JUL herd, compared with the JAN, APR, and OCT herds. Inclusion of a premium for milk supplied during 16 May to 15 July in the milk payment (NZ$/ kg fat and protein) variable as well as a downward adjustment in milk price for JUL calving cows because of the high milk production peak in spring did not overcome this difference in profitability. Therefore, the JUL calving scenario was most profitable. The APR seasonal calving strategy resulted in a 10% reduction in operating profit per hectare, compared with the JUL herd, while the JAN and OCT strategy had the lowest operating profit per hectare.

text: Cow breed, stocking rate, and calving date affect the profitability of pasture-based dairy farms Data from two multi-year experiments undertaken at the DairyNZ research farm, No 2. Dairy were collated and analysed. The effects of:
1)	 Breed (Jersey or Holstein-Friesian; JER, HF) at optimum or high comparative stocking rates (CSR; 80 or 100 kg body weight (BW)/t dry matter (DM) of feed available; CSR80 and CSR100, respectively); and 
2)	Changing the mean calving date (January, April, July, or October; JAN, APR, JUL, OCT) 
on biophysical measurements (i.e., milk production, pasture growth) and farm profitability were determined. 
Changing these strategic management variables affected the amount of pasture grown and consumed. For example, there was an interaction between breed and CSR in many of the measured pasture and milk production variables in experiment one; whilst, in experiment two, changes in the month of calving affected pasture dry matter intake (DMI) in early-mid and mid-late lactation, and annual milk production. Annual pasture production was greatly reduced at CSR100 on the HF farmlet, but not on the JER farmlet. Month of calving affected pasture DMI during early-mid lactation and mid-late lactation. 
A breed x CSR interaction reduced milk production per cow at CSR100, an effect that was greater in the HF breed than in the JER. Month of calving affected milk production per cow with the JUL herd producing the highest yield, compared with the JAN, APR and OCT herds.
Other breed x CSR interactions were also detected: JER cows had the lowest mean days in milk (DIM) to first heat at both CSR80 and 100; furthermore, there were negative effects of an increase in CSR from 80 to 100 kg body weight/t DM feed in the HF breed on DIM to first heat. Total metabolisable energy (ME) requirements per cow was affected by a breed x CSR interaction. At CSR80, the HF used more ME per cow than the JER, whilst at CSR100, both breeds used less total ME per cow than at CSR80, but the HF again used more than the JER.
From a profitability perspective, HF cows had a greater operating profit per hectare than JER at CSR80; however, JER cows were more profitable at CSR100. The JUL herd had the most profitable farm system, in both the base economic model and stochastic model. Results of the stochastic modelling with no premium included in the milk payment (NZ$/kg fat and protein) variable revealed the operating profit per hectare was greatest for the JUL herd, compared with the JAN, APR, and OCT herds. Inclusion of a premium for milk supplied during 16 May to 15 July in the milk payment (NZ$/ kg fat and protein) variable as well as a downward adjustment in milk price for JUL calving cows because of the high milk production peak in spring did not overcome this difference in profitability. Therefore, the JUL calving scenario was most profitable. The APR seasonal calving strategy resulted in a 10% reduction in operating profit per hectare, compared with the JUL herd, while the JAN and OCT strategy had the lowest operating profit per hectare.

year: 2018

title: Matariki, commodity culture, and multiple identities

authors: Hardy, Ann

subjects: Matariki

abstract: The event known as Matariki, the rising of the Pleiades in winter, which Māori take as the mark of the beginning of a new year, was not a strong feature of the wider public sphere for most of the 20th century. Since 2001, however, when Te Taura Whiri, the Māori Language Commission, published an explanatory booklet with the aim of reviving interest in Matariki as an aide to the maintenance of te reo, it has been promoted by several quasi-governmental institutions, especially the national museum, Te Papa, as a winter festival for all New Zealanders. Its main public presence to date has been through media products: posters, banners, websites, television programmes, newspaper features, calendars, some theatrical performances and physical commemoration ceremonies.

The larger project, of which this paper represents an initial descriptive and positioning phase, is a continuation of the researcher's long-standing interest in the intersections of religiosity, culture, and media as they are active in the environment of Aotearoa New Zealand. It assumes, building on theorists such as Bellah and Lundby that the creation of such festivals is an act of 'civil religiosity' that attempts to create and strengthen national community around a set of numinous symbols.
However, the development of an enterprise such as Matariki is pursued in a complex political field, where broad agreement across various factions is needed before the festival can take on an enduring material and symbolic existence. In investigating the factors that will determine the future of Matariki it is relevant to consider the interaction of three factors in particular: the ethno-political history of New Zealand; the characteristics of contemporary reflexive spirituality, which are intertwined with commodificatory tendencies and thirdly, the impacts of increasing globalisation on the parameters of identity-formation for citizens in late-modern societies.

text: Matariki, commodity culture, and multiple identities The event known as Matariki, the rising of the Pleiades in winter, which Māori take as the mark of the beginning of a new year, was not a strong feature of the wider public sphere for most of the 20th century. Since 2001, however, when Te Taura Whiri, the Māori Language Commission, published an explanatory booklet with the aim of reviving interest in Matariki as an aide to the maintenance of te reo, it has been promoted by several quasi-governmental institutions, especially the national museum, Te Papa, as a winter festival for all New Zealanders. Its main public presence to date has been through media products: posters, banners, websites, television programmes, newspaper features, calendars, some theatrical performances and physical commemoration ceremonies.

The larger project, of which this paper represents an initial descriptive and positioning phase, is a continuation of the researcher's long-standing interest in the intersections of religiosity, culture, and media as they are active in the environment of Aotearoa New Zealand. It assumes, building on theorists such as Bellah and Lundby that the creation of such festivals is an act of 'civil religiosity' that attempts to create and strengthen national community around a set of numinous symbols.
However, the development of an enterprise such as Matariki is pursued in a complex political field, where broad agreement across various factions is needed before the festival can take on an enduring material and symbolic existence. In investigating the factors that will determine the future of Matariki it is relevant to consider the interaction of three factors in particular: the ethno-political history of New Zealand; the characteristics of contemporary reflexive spirituality, which are intertwined with commodificatory tendencies and thirdly, the impacts of increasing globalisation on the parameters of identity-formation for citizens in late-modern societies.

year: 2011