title: Once despised now desired: innovative land use and management of multilayered Pumice Soils in the Taupo and Galatea areas, central North Island, New Zealand

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: The tour brings together innovative land use change and management associated with dairy farming, and land-based effluent disposal, on weakly weathered and multi-layered, glass-rich, Pumice Soils (Vitrands) in the Taupo and Galatea areas. These changes and their effects, together with environmental and sustainability issues, form a central theme of the trip. Four main stops are planned, two before lunch and two after: (1) plantation pine-to-dairy farm conversion and impacts, the Taupo eruption deposits (AD 232 ± 10) and the Taupo soil, at Tahorakuri; (2) overview of the application of secondary-treated wastewater and nitrogen leaching and uptake, Rotokawa; (3) a sequence of five Holocene tephras and buried soils, including Kaharoa eruption deposits (AD 1314 ± 12) and the Galatea soil, Smeith Farm, Murupara; and (4) enhancing pasture production on ‘new’ soils formed by excavating and mixing (‘flipping’) buried soil horizons (paleosols) on Smeith’s farm. During the trip − which helps mark Waikato University’s 50th anniversary − we will see a spectacular range of volcanic and fluvial landscapes and deposits, together with impacts of tectonism, as we traverse the famous Taupo Volcanic Zone ((TVZ) in the central volcanic region. Landforms and soils dominated by tephras (volcanic ash) become generally younger towards the loci of volcanic activity. Extensive areas of soils have been formed repeatedly from the fragmental eruptive products of the two most frequently active and productive rhyolite (silica-rich) volcanic centres known, namely Taupo and Okataina. Thus soil stratigraphy and upbuilding pedogenesis form a second theme on the trip. The first part of the guidebook thus contains sections including (i) volcanism and its products, (ii) Quaternary volcanism in TVZ including deposits erupted recently from Taupo and Tarawera volcanoes from which Pumice Soils have been formed, (iii) tephra-derived soils including Pumice Soils, their classification, special problems, and (low) fertility, (iv) allophane and its formation, and (v) the interplay between geological and pedological processes relating to tephras (upbuilding pedogenesis). The second part then comprises notes and illustrations pertaining to each stop (note that figure and table numbers are self-contained at each stop, or not used). Broad overviews of the region’s geology are covered by Leonard et al. (2010), and the soils are outlined by Rijkse and Guinto (2010) and S-map. Further compilations of data are available in tour guides by Lowe (2008) and Lowe et al. (2010).

text: Once despised now desired: innovative land use and management of multilayered Pumice Soils in the Taupo and Galatea areas, central North Island, New Zealand The tour brings together innovative land use change and management associated with dairy farming, and land-based effluent disposal, on weakly weathered and multi-layered, glass-rich, Pumice Soils (Vitrands) in the Taupo and Galatea areas. These changes and their effects, together with environmental and sustainability issues, form a central theme of the trip. Four main stops are planned, two before lunch and two after: (1) plantation pine-to-dairy farm conversion and impacts, the Taupo eruption deposits (AD 232 ± 10) and the Taupo soil, at Tahorakuri; (2) overview of the application of secondary-treated wastewater and nitrogen leaching and uptake, Rotokawa; (3) a sequence of five Holocene tephras and buried soils, including Kaharoa eruption deposits (AD 1314 ± 12) and the Galatea soil, Smeith Farm, Murupara; and (4) enhancing pasture production on ‘new’ soils formed by excavating and mixing (‘flipping’) buried soil horizons (paleosols) on Smeith’s farm. During the trip − which helps mark Waikato University’s 50th anniversary − we will see a spectacular range of volcanic and fluvial landscapes and deposits, together with impacts of tectonism, as we traverse the famous Taupo Volcanic Zone ((TVZ) in the central volcanic region. Landforms and soils dominated by tephras (volcanic ash) become generally younger towards the loci of volcanic activity. Extensive areas of soils have been formed repeatedly from the fragmental eruptive products of the two most frequently active and productive rhyolite (silica-rich) volcanic centres known, namely Taupo and Okataina. Thus soil stratigraphy and upbuilding pedogenesis form a second theme on the trip. The first part of the guidebook thus contains sections including (i) volcanism and its products, (ii) Quaternary volcanism in TVZ including deposits erupted recently from Taupo and Tarawera volcanoes from which Pumice Soils have been formed, (iii) tephra-derived soils including Pumice Soils, their classification, special problems, and (low) fertility, (iv) allophane and its formation, and (v) the interplay between geological and pedological processes relating to tephras (upbuilding pedogenesis). The second part then comprises notes and illustrations pertaining to each stop (note that figure and table numbers are self-contained at each stop, or not used). Broad overviews of the region’s geology are covered by Leonard et al. (2010), and the soils are outlined by Rijkse and Guinto (2010) and S-map. Further compilations of data are available in tour guides by Lowe (2008) and Lowe et al. (2010).

year: 2014-12-02

title: A tephra-dated record of palaeoenvironmental change since ~ 5,500 years ago from Lake Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand

authors: Pickett, Rachel Cara

subjects: Lake Rotorua

abstract: A palaeolimnological study was carried out on a high-resolution, 7.62 m-long core (RU188-07) from northern Lake Rotorua, North Island. The core consists predominantly of olive diatomaceous ooze, laminated in places, and contains five tephras including Tarawera (1886 A.D.), Kaharoa (c. 1314 A.D.), Taupo (c. 233 A.D.) and Whakatane (c. 5500 cal. years B.P.).  The core terminated in Whakatane Tephra giving the sediment a maximum age of 5530   60 cal. years B.P.  An age model for the sediment was developed using tephrochronology.  Radiocarbon dates obtained on the sediment returned ages too old because of contamination by old CO2 or CH4, or both.  Investigations carried out on the core included spectrophotometric, sedimentological and geochemical analyses, and diatom identifications, which provided a number of proxies from which inferences were made about lake history, catchment development, and palaeoclimate since c. 5500 cal. years B.P.  The laminations, evident only in the upper, post-Kaharoa Tephra part of the record, comprise alternations of thin, dark, detrital deposits and pale, relatively fine-grained diatom assemblages.  Sediment geochemistry indicates that the Rotorua catchment has undergone several changes since c. 5500 cal. years B.P., alternating between periods of variable and stable environmental conditions.  Following the Whakatane and Waimihia eruptions and up to approximately 3000 cal. years B.P., the catchment surrounding Lake Rotorua was rather unstable.  Fluctuations in many of the proxies during this period are likely to be associated with a variable climate with periods of storminess, coinciding with the establishment of ENSO conditions in New Zealand.  A notable feature of the record is two phases of stability, the first following the Taupo eruption (from c. 1700 cal. years B.P. to c. 630 cal. years B.P.) and the second from c. 580 cal. years B.P. to c. 300 cal. years B.P.  The latest, most significant event in the catchment history of Lake Rotorua was the settlement by Polynesians.  M.S. McGlone implied from pollen profiles (from Holden's Bay) that initial settlement took place around the time of the Kaharoa eruption (c. 630 cal years B.P.; c. 1314 A.D.), but the sediment chemistry and erosion profiles obtained here, from the northern part of Lake Rotorua, indicate that although there may have been some early clearing in the northern catchment for tracks or buildings, large-scale clearing in the area probably did not occur until considerably later, c. 300 cal. years B.P.  Also contained within the sediments are three layers of reworked tephric material that probably originate from the transfer of coarse grained tephra from shallow to deeper water during large storms at c. 1300 cal. years B.P, c. 520 cal. years B.P, and c. 220 cal. years B.P.  Each event coincides with storm events inferred from records from Lake Tutira in eastern North Island.  Because of Lake Rotorua's inland position, these inferred storm events probably represent only the largest cyclonic events (e.g. ex-tropical cyclones).

text: A tephra-dated record of palaeoenvironmental change since ~ 5,500 years ago from Lake Rotorua, North Island, New Zealand A palaeolimnological study was carried out on a high-resolution, 7.62 m-long core (RU188-07) from northern Lake Rotorua, North Island. The core consists predominantly of olive diatomaceous ooze, laminated in places, and contains five tephras including Tarawera (1886 A.D.), Kaharoa (c. 1314 A.D.), Taupo (c. 233 A.D.) and Whakatane (c. 5500 cal. years B.P.).  The core terminated in Whakatane Tephra giving the sediment a maximum age of 5530   60 cal. years B.P.  An age model for the sediment was developed using tephrochronology.  Radiocarbon dates obtained on the sediment returned ages too old because of contamination by old CO2 or CH4, or both.  Investigations carried out on the core included spectrophotometric, sedimentological and geochemical analyses, and diatom identifications, which provided a number of proxies from which inferences were made about lake history, catchment development, and palaeoclimate since c. 5500 cal. years B.P.  The laminations, evident only in the upper, post-Kaharoa Tephra part of the record, comprise alternations of thin, dark, detrital deposits and pale, relatively fine-grained diatom assemblages.  Sediment geochemistry indicates that the Rotorua catchment has undergone several changes since c. 5500 cal. years B.P., alternating between periods of variable and stable environmental conditions.  Following the Whakatane and Waimihia eruptions and up to approximately 3000 cal. years B.P., the catchment surrounding Lake Rotorua was rather unstable.  Fluctuations in many of the proxies during this period are likely to be associated with a variable climate with periods of storminess, coinciding with the establishment of ENSO conditions in New Zealand.  A notable feature of the record is two phases of stability, the first following the Taupo eruption (from c. 1700 cal. years B.P. to c. 630 cal. years B.P.) and the second from c. 580 cal. years B.P. to c. 300 cal. years B.P.  The latest, most significant event in the catchment history of Lake Rotorua was the settlement by Polynesians.  M.S. McGlone implied from pollen profiles (from Holden's Bay) that initial settlement took place around the time of the Kaharoa eruption (c. 630 cal years B.P.; c. 1314 A.D.), but the sediment chemistry and erosion profiles obtained here, from the northern part of Lake Rotorua, indicate that although there may have been some early clearing in the northern catchment for tracks or buildings, large-scale clearing in the area probably did not occur until considerably later, c. 300 cal. years B.P.  Also contained within the sediments are three layers of reworked tephric material that probably originate from the transfer of coarse grained tephra from shallow to deeper water during large storms at c. 1300 cal. years B.P, c. 520 cal. years B.P, and c. 220 cal. years B.P.  Each event coincides with storm events inferred from records from Lake Tutira in eastern North Island.  Because of Lake Rotorua's inland position, these inferred storm events probably represent only the largest cyclonic events (e.g. ex-tropical cyclones).

year: 2008

title: Ngā kanohi hou – identifying and exploring the issues: Experiences of an intern

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

subjects: Maori

abstract: The current paper reflects upon the discovery of an intern from the post graduate diploma in community psychology programme (PGDipPsych (Com). The PGDipPsych (Com) is currently facilitated through the University of Waikato School of Arts and Social Sciences, Psychology Department. This journey of discovery is presented from the perspective of a Māori student who is employed in a mainstream public health organisation. The perspective of a person who is new to the workforce, and the “real world,” who views the surrounding environment with a pair of fresh eyes.

This paper highlights the importance of the internship period as it supports the student who moves from a structured environment with a strong emphasis on theory, towards a competitive, semi structured environment that is driven by deadlines, budgets and contracts.

Factors identified are the demands of Māori communities on Māori health researchers, supportive versus competitive environments, the benefits and drawbacks of being based in a mainstream health organisation, and the future direction of Māori health research. It is hoped that the current paper will encourage further discussion about the future direction of a diploma programme such as the PGDipPsychCom for Māori graduates of a New Zealand tertiary institution.

text: Ngā kanohi hou – identifying and exploring the issues: Experiences of an intern The current paper reflects upon the discovery of an intern from the post graduate diploma in community psychology programme (PGDipPsych (Com). The PGDipPsych (Com) is currently facilitated through the University of Waikato School of Arts and Social Sciences, Psychology Department. This journey of discovery is presented from the perspective of a Māori student who is employed in a mainstream public health organisation. The perspective of a person who is new to the workforce, and the “real world,” who views the surrounding environment with a pair of fresh eyes.

This paper highlights the importance of the internship period as it supports the student who moves from a structured environment with a strong emphasis on theory, towards a competitive, semi structured environment that is driven by deadlines, budgets and contracts.

Factors identified are the demands of Māori communities on Māori health researchers, supportive versus competitive environments, the benefits and drawbacks of being based in a mainstream health organisation, and the future direction of Māori health research. It is hoped that the current paper will encourage further discussion about the future direction of a diploma programme such as the PGDipPsychCom for Māori graduates of a New Zealand tertiary institution.

year: 1999