title: The rising impact of Asia on New Zealand sport

authors: Thorpe, Holly Aysha

abstract: A new report from the Asia New Zealand Foundation Te Whītau Tūhono finds Asia is increasingly shaping global sports trends — but New Zealand needs to do more to help its sporting talent make the most of the region’s opportunities.

text: The rising impact of Asia on New Zealand sport A new report from the Asia New Zealand Foundation Te Whītau Tūhono finds Asia is increasingly shaping global sports trends — but New Zealand needs to do more to help its sporting talent make the most of the region’s opportunities.

year: 2022

title: Investigating the anti-methanogenic properties of select species of seaweed in New Zealand.

authors: Mihaila, Alisa Andrea

abstract: Enteric methane emissions from ruminants constitute a large proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in New Zealand. The recent increase in enteric methane emissions has driven the development of innovative strategies for mitigating these emissions. Red seaweed from the genus Asparagopsis has demonstrated elimination of enteric methane due to the presence of the active anti-methanogenic component, bromoform.

Spatial variation in bromoform content for Asparagopsis armata throughout the North Island, New Zealand, was quantified to determine the region that produces the highest concentration of bromoform. Alongside Asparagopsis, the New Zealand red seaweed species Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Delisea compressa, Plocamium sp., Vidalia colensoi, and identified aquaculture-target seaweed species, Ecklonia radiata, and Ulva sp. B, were investigated as ruminant feed additives to reduce enteric methane emissions. Polyphenol quantification and compositional analyses were carried out for these seaweed species to provide a baseline for interpreting anti-methanogenic effects. Seaweed species were included at 0 %, 2 %, 6 %, and 10 % of feed organic matter (ryegrass hay) during in vitro fermentation assays using rumen inoculant from non-lactating cows. Total gas, methane, hydrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia production were measured during the incubations.

Bromoform concentration was highest in A. armata sampled from Matheson’s Bay at 1 % of the biomass dry weight. Species of red seaweed had a high halogen content, while E. radiata and Ulva. sp. B had a high iodine and crude protein content, respectively. Inclusions of A. armata and B. hamifera demonstrated near elimination of enteric methane production at doses of 2 and 6 % organic matter, respectively, while the remaining species (except for Ulva sp. B) caused moderate reductions at doses of 6 and 10 % organic matter in comparison to these two species. The anti-methanogenic effects of A. armata and B. hamifera resulted in a 22 % reduction in total VFA production, accompanied by changes in the relative proportions of individual VFAs, and had little or no effect on organic matter degradation.

The effectiveness of A. armata and B. hamifera demonstrates the potential of these species for mitigating ruminant methane emissions at low inclusion rates, dependent on the concentration of their active components, while E. radiata and Ulva sp. B could be used as feed additives for nutritional benefit. The undertaking of larger scale sampling of A. armata throughout New Zealand, the identification of the active component(s) in B. hamifera, and the development of methods and infrastructure required for successful large-scale aquaculture and application of these seaweed species to livestock management systems are key areas of future research highlighted by this thesis.

text: Investigating the anti-methanogenic properties of select species of seaweed in New Zealand. Enteric methane emissions from ruminants constitute a large proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in New Zealand. The recent increase in enteric methane emissions has driven the development of innovative strategies for mitigating these emissions. Red seaweed from the genus Asparagopsis has demonstrated elimination of enteric methane due to the presence of the active anti-methanogenic component, bromoform.

Spatial variation in bromoform content for Asparagopsis armata throughout the North Island, New Zealand, was quantified to determine the region that produces the highest concentration of bromoform. Alongside Asparagopsis, the New Zealand red seaweed species Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Delisea compressa, Plocamium sp., Vidalia colensoi, and identified aquaculture-target seaweed species, Ecklonia radiata, and Ulva sp. B, were investigated as ruminant feed additives to reduce enteric methane emissions. Polyphenol quantification and compositional analyses were carried out for these seaweed species to provide a baseline for interpreting anti-methanogenic effects. Seaweed species were included at 0 %, 2 %, 6 %, and 10 % of feed organic matter (ryegrass hay) during in vitro fermentation assays using rumen inoculant from non-lactating cows. Total gas, methane, hydrogen, volatile fatty acid (VFA), and ammonia production were measured during the incubations.

Bromoform concentration was highest in A. armata sampled from Matheson’s Bay at 1 % of the biomass dry weight. Species of red seaweed had a high halogen content, while E. radiata and Ulva. sp. B had a high iodine and crude protein content, respectively. Inclusions of A. armata and B. hamifera demonstrated near elimination of enteric methane production at doses of 2 and 6 % organic matter, respectively, while the remaining species (except for Ulva sp. B) caused moderate reductions at doses of 6 and 10 % organic matter in comparison to these two species. The anti-methanogenic effects of A. armata and B. hamifera resulted in a 22 % reduction in total VFA production, accompanied by changes in the relative proportions of individual VFAs, and had little or no effect on organic matter degradation.

The effectiveness of A. armata and B. hamifera demonstrates the potential of these species for mitigating ruminant methane emissions at low inclusion rates, dependent on the concentration of their active components, while E. radiata and Ulva sp. B could be used as feed additives for nutritional benefit. The undertaking of larger scale sampling of A. armata throughout New Zealand, the identification of the active component(s) in B. hamifera, and the development of methods and infrastructure required for successful large-scale aquaculture and application of these seaweed species to livestock management systems are key areas of future research highlighted by this thesis.

year: 2020

title: Te Mana Motuhake o Ngāi Tamarāwaho and the challenges of education. Whakapūmautia te tangata i tōna ake mana

authors: Woller, Paul Robert

subjects: Ngāi Tamarāwaho

abstract: Throughout history, colonisation has deliberately suppressed and subordinated the knowledge, languages and identities of indigenous peoples. Colonial education policies were designed, at best, to domesticate indigenous children to create subjugated and compliant labouring classes.  These historical policies have intentionally consigned successive generations of indigenous families and communities to the socio-economic margins of the societies created by colonisation (Shields, Bishop & Masawi, 2005).
This thesis explores the intergenerational educational experiences of Ngāi Tamarāwaho, an indigenous Māori community in New Zealand, their relationship with Pākehā (colonial settlers of European descent) and their place, as Māori, in the society created by colonialism.  At the heart of this story is the inter-generational societal abuse of a small indigenous community and the active resistance of that community to colonisation. To survive as a people, Ngāi Tamarāwaho created a space at the intercultural interface between Māori and Pākehā by maintaining and revitalising their cultural identity and language. The intergenerational struggles of the whānau (families) of Ngāi Tamarāwaho, to engage with an imposed system of western education, are related through the narratives of hapū whānau (sub-tribal families) and from archival records. These stories demonstrate that educational failure was not because of the limitations of hapū whānau, but rather a result of the limiting conditions imposed on them. 
Despite these limitations, over the past 180 years, hapū leadership has focussed on maintaining the independent identity of the hapū and their mana motuhake, i.e. their right to be self-determining; seen as critical for whānau and hapū development and successful participation in wider society. To enable the success of future generations, Ngāi Tamarāwaho have accommodated new ideas and learning into their existing cultural framework by weaving together elements of learning from both Māori and Pākehā funds of knowledge. This hapū story has implications for current education settings intended to engage indigenous and minority students in learning and improve academic achievement. Strong cultural identities, and the ability to be self-determining, promote indigenous students’ self-esteem and the confidence to accommodate new learning into their existing cultural frameworks, thereby providing a platform for education success.

text: Te Mana Motuhake o Ngāi Tamarāwaho and the challenges of education. Whakapūmautia te tangata i tōna ake mana Throughout history, colonisation has deliberately suppressed and subordinated the knowledge, languages and identities of indigenous peoples. Colonial education policies were designed, at best, to domesticate indigenous children to create subjugated and compliant labouring classes.  These historical policies have intentionally consigned successive generations of indigenous families and communities to the socio-economic margins of the societies created by colonisation (Shields, Bishop & Masawi, 2005).
This thesis explores the intergenerational educational experiences of Ngāi Tamarāwaho, an indigenous Māori community in New Zealand, their relationship with Pākehā (colonial settlers of European descent) and their place, as Māori, in the society created by colonialism.  At the heart of this story is the inter-generational societal abuse of a small indigenous community and the active resistance of that community to colonisation. To survive as a people, Ngāi Tamarāwaho created a space at the intercultural interface between Māori and Pākehā by maintaining and revitalising their cultural identity and language. The intergenerational struggles of the whānau (families) of Ngāi Tamarāwaho, to engage with an imposed system of western education, are related through the narratives of hapū whānau (sub-tribal families) and from archival records. These stories demonstrate that educational failure was not because of the limitations of hapū whānau, but rather a result of the limiting conditions imposed on them. 
Despite these limitations, over the past 180 years, hapū leadership has focussed on maintaining the independent identity of the hapū and their mana motuhake, i.e. their right to be self-determining; seen as critical for whānau and hapū development and successful participation in wider society. To enable the success of future generations, Ngāi Tamarāwaho have accommodated new ideas and learning into their existing cultural framework by weaving together elements of learning from both Māori and Pākehā funds of knowledge. This hapū story has implications for current education settings intended to engage indigenous and minority students in learning and improve academic achievement. Strong cultural identities, and the ability to be self-determining, promote indigenous students’ self-esteem and the confidence to accommodate new learning into their existing cultural frameworks, thereby providing a platform for education success.

year: 2016