title: The preparation of fluorescent fingerprinting powders using 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds and magnetite

authors: O'Shea, Benjamin

subjects: Fingerprint

abstract: Fluorescent fingerprinting powders were prepared by using rotary evaporation to coat magnetite powder with varying amounts of either tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq₃), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)gallium (Gaq₃), bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)magnesium (Mgq₂) or bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc (Znq₂). The performance of each fingerprinting powder was tested on various surfaces under visible light and under UV excitation. The efficacy of powder application using a magnetic brush was compared to that of standard brushes. The effects of varying the particle sizes of the fingerprinting powders made with Alq₃ and Znq₂ were explored. The stability of each fluorescent compound under standard conditions was tested.
The synthesis of sodium tetrakis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)boron (NaBq₄) was attempted twice, but failed both times. The product acquired was suspected to be Na₄(C₉H₆NO)₄(H₂O)₈ (Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈) instead. Crystals of Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈ were prepared using a modified literature method. The Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈ crystals and the products of the attempted syntheses were characterised by powder X-ray crystal diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, and melting point measurements. Fingerprint powders were prepared using the products of the attempted NaBq₄ syntheses and tested in the same manner as the Alq₃, Gaq₃, Znq₂, and Mgq₂ fingerprint powders.

text: The preparation of fluorescent fingerprinting powders using 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds and magnetite Fluorescent fingerprinting powders were prepared by using rotary evaporation to coat magnetite powder with varying amounts of either tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (Alq₃), tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)gallium (Gaq₃), bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)magnesium (Mgq₂) or bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc (Znq₂). The performance of each fingerprinting powder was tested on various surfaces under visible light and under UV excitation. The efficacy of powder application using a magnetic brush was compared to that of standard brushes. The effects of varying the particle sizes of the fingerprinting powders made with Alq₃ and Znq₂ were explored. The stability of each fluorescent compound under standard conditions was tested.
The synthesis of sodium tetrakis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)boron (NaBq₄) was attempted twice, but failed both times. The product acquired was suspected to be Na₄(C₉H₆NO)₄(H₂O)₈ (Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈) instead. Crystals of Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈ were prepared using a modified literature method. The Na₄q₄(H₂O)₈ crystals and the products of the attempted syntheses were characterised by powder X-ray crystal diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption, and melting point measurements. Fingerprint powders were prepared using the products of the attempted NaBq₄ syntheses and tested in the same manner as the Alq₃, Gaq₃, Znq₂, and Mgq₂ fingerprint powders.

year: 2018

title: Urban planning provides potential for lake restoration through catchment re-vegetation

authors: Duggan, Ian C.

subjects: Oligotrophication

abstract: Encroachment of urban areas into forest and farmland is typically considered to have detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Most restoration strategies for lakes affected by urban development represent expensive short-term fixes requiring on-going management, with long-term restoration requiring external nutrient inputs (typically the major impact of urban development) to be significantly reduced. This study details, using a simple nutrient budget, the effects of the conversion of farmland to native forest in a lake catchment (Waiwhakareke/Horseshoe Lake in the Waiwhakareke Natural Heritage Park (WHNP), New Zealand) during urban encroachment. I show how far-sighted planning employed by management authorities can lead to urban growth being beneficial to aquatic systems. Even using this method, however, managers should not expect lakes to become immediately available as amenities. Although reduction in external nutrient loads brought about by the reforestation of lake catchments in urban areas will ultimately lead to phosphorus reduction and concomitant water quality improvements, such responses may take a number of years due a continued release of nutrients from bottom sediments if they are initially within rural catchments. Urban management authorities therefore need to possess a long-term outlook and commitment to such projects. Overall, the WHNP project acts as a model for future urban development and spread of cities, providing opportunities for the long-term restoration and conservation of lakes.

text: Urban planning provides potential for lake restoration through catchment re-vegetation Encroachment of urban areas into forest and farmland is typically considered to have detrimental effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Most restoration strategies for lakes affected by urban development represent expensive short-term fixes requiring on-going management, with long-term restoration requiring external nutrient inputs (typically the major impact of urban development) to be significantly reduced. This study details, using a simple nutrient budget, the effects of the conversion of farmland to native forest in a lake catchment (Waiwhakareke/Horseshoe Lake in the Waiwhakareke Natural Heritage Park (WHNP), New Zealand) during urban encroachment. I show how far-sighted planning employed by management authorities can lead to urban growth being beneficial to aquatic systems. Even using this method, however, managers should not expect lakes to become immediately available as amenities. Although reduction in external nutrient loads brought about by the reforestation of lake catchments in urban areas will ultimately lead to phosphorus reduction and concomitant water quality improvements, such responses may take a number of years due a continued release of nutrients from bottom sediments if they are initially within rural catchments. Urban management authorities therefore need to possess a long-term outlook and commitment to such projects. Overall, the WHNP project acts as a model for future urban development and spread of cities, providing opportunities for the long-term restoration and conservation of lakes.

year: 2012

title: The arguing genre and the explaining genre: A comparison in terms of discourse relational analyses of texts written in English and texts written in Maori

authors: Crombie, Winifred

subjects: linguistics

abstract: There is a commonly held belief that those who are immersed in indigenous cultures have a tendency, when constructing academic texts, to avoid sequential, deductive argumentation. We report here on a comparison of two groups of texts exhibiting two different genres – explaining and arguing. One group of texts was written in Māori by indigenous authors, the other group was written in English by non-indigenous authors. Our findings are that although the percentage use of logico-deductive relationships is roughly equivalent for both groups of texts/ writers in the case of the explaining genre, the Māori texts/ writers use almost twice the percentage of logicodeductive relationships as do the English texts/ writers.

text: The arguing genre and the explaining genre: A comparison in terms of discourse relational analyses of texts written in English and texts written in Maori There is a commonly held belief that those who are immersed in indigenous cultures have a tendency, when constructing academic texts, to avoid sequential, deductive argumentation. We report here on a comparison of two groups of texts exhibiting two different genres – explaining and arguing. One group of texts was written in Māori by indigenous authors, the other group was written in English by non-indigenous authors. Our findings are that although the percentage use of logico-deductive relationships is roughly equivalent for both groups of texts/ writers in the case of the explaining genre, the Māori texts/ writers use almost twice the percentage of logicodeductive relationships as do the English texts/ writers.

year: 2005