title: Environmentally smart contracts for artists using non-fungible tokens

authors: Weijers, Dan M.

abstract: We propose Environmentally Smart Contracts, a new kind of smart contract for non-fungible tokens to solve the prudential-moral dilemma facing digital artists. The current proof-of-work-dominated non-fungible token environment requires artists to trade off the prudential benefits and the environmental costs of selling their art on blockchains. By fully correcting for environmental externalities, Environmentally Smart Contracts will allow artists to reap the sales benefits of non-fungible tokens without contributing to environmental degradation. Concrete steps to encourage the development of Environmentally Smart Contracts are discussed.

text: Environmentally smart contracts for artists using non-fungible tokens We propose Environmentally Smart Contracts, a new kind of smart contract for non-fungible tokens to solve the prudential-moral dilemma facing digital artists. The current proof-of-work-dominated non-fungible token environment requires artists to trade off the prudential benefits and the environmental costs of selling their art on blockchains. By fully correcting for environmental externalities, Environmentally Smart Contracts will allow artists to reap the sales benefits of non-fungible tokens without contributing to environmental degradation. Concrete steps to encourage the development of Environmentally Smart Contracts are discussed.

year: 2021

title: Submerged Thin Plate Weirs With Unequal Upstream and Downstream Beds

authors: Nalder, Guinevere Vivianne

subjects: thin plate weirs

abstract: This thesis describes a short study to examine the behaviour of submerged flow over a thin plate weir with differing upstream and downstream bed levels i.e. an unequal bed weir as opposed to an equal bed weir where the upstream and downstream beds are at the same level.

As submerged weir flow is a function of downstream conditions, it was thought that a lower downstream bed would make submerged flow over the weir easier, This is turn suggested that;
 	The shape of the upstream head (Hu) vs downstream head (Hd) graph would change, being initially more steep in the unequal bed case.
 	The Froude Number of the approaching flow would be lower for the unequal bed weir than for an equal bed weir at the same submergence.
 	Using one of the existing submerged flow formula would lead to an erroneous calculated value.

A series of measurements was done on two model weirs of different sizes subject to successive levels of submergence. Analysis of the readings of upstream and downstream heads indicated that the difference in bed levels was significant and the three effects above were noted.

The work also suggested a new form of equation to calculate flow over a submerged weir. This was looked at briefly.

text: Submerged Thin Plate Weirs With Unequal Upstream and Downstream Beds This thesis describes a short study to examine the behaviour of submerged flow over a thin plate weir with differing upstream and downstream bed levels i.e. an unequal bed weir as opposed to an equal bed weir where the upstream and downstream beds are at the same level.

As submerged weir flow is a function of downstream conditions, it was thought that a lower downstream bed would make submerged flow over the weir easier, This is turn suggested that;
 	The shape of the upstream head (Hu) vs downstream head (Hd) graph would change, being initially more steep in the unequal bed case.
 	The Froude Number of the approaching flow would be lower for the unequal bed weir than for an equal bed weir at the same submergence.
 	Using one of the existing submerged flow formula would lead to an erroneous calculated value.

A series of measurements was done on two model weirs of different sizes subject to successive levels of submergence. Analysis of the readings of upstream and downstream heads indicated that the difference in bed levels was significant and the three effects above were noted.

The work also suggested a new form of equation to calculate flow over a submerged weir. This was looked at briefly.

year: 2006

title: Breaking the Barrier: Maori religious and spiritual entanglements at Aotea

authors: Klink, Kelly Moanna

subjects: Ngati Rehua

abstract: In 1889, Ngāti Rehua converted en masse to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS). This surprising conversion is remarkable for various reasons.  Māori across the country had not only converted to Christianity several decades earlier but by the late nineteenth century had already established their own religious denominations that renegotiated Judeao Christian teachings in new ways.  The proximity of Aotea to the Bay of Islands and their own converted kin on the mainland made this very late conversion all the more remarkable. This was the first time that any Christian organisation found any meaningful success with native peoples on the island, despite the widespread impact of Anglican, Catholic, Wesleyan, and Presbyterian missionaries throughout the region. With so many converted iwi at their doorstep, and the widespread influence of early missionaries and Māori agents of conversion, why did Ngāti Rehua take so long to convert to Christianity? While other iwi were converting in large numbers to Christianity or renegotiating Christianity on their own terms, Ngāti Rehua remained isolated and aloof for much of the nineteenth century, maintaining traditional beliefs and practices that had disappeared or been significantly modified in other tribal regions.  This thesis explores this question in three main chapters. Chapter One explores early Aotea history, beliefs and practices and examines how those on the island remained elusive from the onslaught of missionaries during the formative years of the establishment of Christianity.  Chapter Two highlights the many Aotea inter-tribal connections, the ongoing isolated history of Aotea and early missionary influences. Chapter Three turns its attention to the arrival of Mormon missionaries in 1889 and discusses the ‘moments’ of conversion that have been maintained in successive generations.

text: Breaking the Barrier: Maori religious and spiritual entanglements at Aotea In 1889, Ngāti Rehua converted en masse to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (LDS). This surprising conversion is remarkable for various reasons.  Māori across the country had not only converted to Christianity several decades earlier but by the late nineteenth century had already established their own religious denominations that renegotiated Judeao Christian teachings in new ways.  The proximity of Aotea to the Bay of Islands and their own converted kin on the mainland made this very late conversion all the more remarkable. This was the first time that any Christian organisation found any meaningful success with native peoples on the island, despite the widespread impact of Anglican, Catholic, Wesleyan, and Presbyterian missionaries throughout the region. With so many converted iwi at their doorstep, and the widespread influence of early missionaries and Māori agents of conversion, why did Ngāti Rehua take so long to convert to Christianity? While other iwi were converting in large numbers to Christianity or renegotiating Christianity on their own terms, Ngāti Rehua remained isolated and aloof for much of the nineteenth century, maintaining traditional beliefs and practices that had disappeared or been significantly modified in other tribal regions.  This thesis explores this question in three main chapters. Chapter One explores early Aotea history, beliefs and practices and examines how those on the island remained elusive from the onslaught of missionaries during the formative years of the establishment of Christianity.  Chapter Two highlights the many Aotea inter-tribal connections, the ongoing isolated history of Aotea and early missionary influences. Chapter Three turns its attention to the arrival of Mormon missionaries in 1889 and discusses the ‘moments’ of conversion that have been maintained in successive generations.

year: 2019