title: Sticky trapping of adult mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies alongside three contrasting streams near Hamilton, New Zealand

authors: Collier, Kevin J.

subjects: adult insects

abstract: Sticky traps were used to catch adult mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) alongside three second order streams bordered by pines (Pinus radiata), willow (Salix sp.) or native forest (predominantly kanuka, Kunzea ericoides) near Hamilton, New Zealand. Five traps were attached to tree trunks at each of three heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 5.0 m from base), and were changed monthly between September 1993 and February 1994. During this period, species richness and numbers of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies were highest atthe willow site (31 species and 75% of total numbers), followed by the native site (17 species and 19% of numbers) and the pine site (14 species and 6% of numbers). Catches at the pine site were dominated by mayflies (78% of numbers), whereas mayflies and stoneflies were both relatively abundant atthe native site (49% and 33%, respectively), and mayflies and caddisflies atthe willow site (53% and 44%, respectively). Highest numbers at each site were recorded in December-January, but there did not appear to be a seasonal pattern in species richness. Trap height did not have a significant effect on numbers of mayflies or caddisflies caught at the willow site in December. Sticky traps represent a cheap and passive means of catching predominantly flying adults where numbers are high. Our trap design is likely to be most effective alongside larger streams where the area of streambed relative to trap area is greater.

text: Sticky trapping of adult mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies alongside three contrasting streams near Hamilton, New Zealand Sticky traps were used to catch adult mayflies (Ephemeroptera), stoneflies (Plecoptera) and caddisflies (Trichoptera) alongside three second order streams bordered by pines (Pinus radiata), willow (Salix sp.) or native forest (predominantly kanuka, Kunzea ericoides) near Hamilton, New Zealand. Five traps were attached to tree trunks at each of three heights (0.5 m, 1.5 m and 5.0 m from base), and were changed monthly between September 1993 and February 1994. During this period, species richness and numbers of mayflies, stoneflies and caddisflies were highest atthe willow site (31 species and 75% of total numbers), followed by the native site (17 species and 19% of numbers) and the pine site (14 species and 6% of numbers). Catches at the pine site were dominated by mayflies (78% of numbers), whereas mayflies and stoneflies were both relatively abundant atthe native site (49% and 33%, respectively), and mayflies and caddisflies atthe willow site (53% and 44%, respectively). Highest numbers at each site were recorded in December-January, but there did not appear to be a seasonal pattern in species richness. Trap height did not have a significant effect on numbers of mayflies or caddisflies caught at the willow site in December. Sticky traps represent a cheap and passive means of catching predominantly flying adults where numbers are high. Our trap design is likely to be most effective alongside larger streams where the area of streambed relative to trap area is greater.

year: 1995

title: Short-Term viscoelastic properties of bloodmeal-based thermoplastics

authors: Bier, James Michael

subjects: biopolymers

abstract: The effects of sodium sulfite (SS) content and injection molding temperature on the viscoelasticity of bloodmeal-based thermoplastics were assessed using creep, recovery, and stress relaxation. Both SS and processing temperature affected standard mechanical properties and time-dependent behavior. Increased SS content led to greater creep, greater strain at break, and reduced modulus and mechanical strength of the material. Furthermore, the use of a higher injection molding temperature also reduced modulus and strength. Higher molding temperature also caused an increase in the fraction of creep recovered in 20 min. These results confirmed that increased SS increased chain mobility and that injection molding at 140°C instead of 120°C did not cause excessive thermal cross-linking.

text: Short-Term viscoelastic properties of bloodmeal-based thermoplastics The effects of sodium sulfite (SS) content and injection molding temperature on the viscoelasticity of bloodmeal-based thermoplastics were assessed using creep, recovery, and stress relaxation. Both SS and processing temperature affected standard mechanical properties and time-dependent behavior. Increased SS content led to greater creep, greater strain at break, and reduced modulus and mechanical strength of the material. Furthermore, the use of a higher injection molding temperature also reduced modulus and strength. Higher molding temperature also caused an increase in the fraction of creep recovered in 20 min. These results confirmed that increased SS increased chain mobility and that injection molding at 140°C instead of 120°C did not cause excessive thermal cross-linking.

year: 2014

title: The art of dialogue with indigenous communities in the new biotechnology world

authors: Hudson, Maui

subjects: biotechnology

abstract: Te Hau Mihi Ata is a research project that aims to negotiate spaces for and develop processes of dialogue that allow for a deeper level of interaction between mtauranga Māori (Māori indigenous knowledge) and science. Over a two-year period a series of facilitated exchanges or wnanga were held focusing on areas of new technology (assisted reproductive technologies, life technologies, and future food technologies) that involved Māori scientists and people with expertise in mtauranga Māori. These dialogue events were designed to explore, through the challenge of considering new biotechnologies, the similarities and differences that emerge from approaching these issues from different knowledge paradigms. This paper will outline the key project findings from this series of exchanges including the barriers and facilitators to the dialogue process and knowledge exchange as well as discuss how participants created connections between scientific discourse and indigenous knowledge frameworks.

text: The art of dialogue with indigenous communities in the new biotechnology world Te Hau Mihi Ata is a research project that aims to negotiate spaces for and develop processes of dialogue that allow for a deeper level of interaction between mtauranga Māori (Māori indigenous knowledge) and science. Over a two-year period a series of facilitated exchanges or wnanga were held focusing on areas of new technology (assisted reproductive technologies, life technologies, and future food technologies) that involved Māori scientists and people with expertise in mtauranga Māori. These dialogue events were designed to explore, through the challenge of considering new biotechnologies, the similarities and differences that emerge from approaching these issues from different knowledge paradigms. This paper will outline the key project findings from this series of exchanges including the barriers and facilitators to the dialogue process and knowledge exchange as well as discuss how participants created connections between scientific discourse and indigenous knowledge frameworks.

year: 2012