title: Rock type and channel gradient structure salmonid populations in the Oregon coast range

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: fish populations

abstract: The study objective was to investigate the response of salmonid populations to disturbance in Oregon Coast Range streams in two rock types, basalt and sandstone. Salmonid abundance was estimated in a total of 30 km of channel in 10 Oregon Coast Range streams with similar basin areas (14–20 km2). These basins had a range of disturbance caused by timber harvest, fire, and salvage logging. Mean channel gradient in sandstone was 0.012 m/m, and pools were the dominant habitat type. Mean channel gradient in basalt (0.025 m/m) was twice that in sandstone, and riffles were the dominant habitat type. Mean percentages by length of pools, glides, and riffles were 47, 33, and 20%, respectively, in sandstone, compared with 24, 27, and 50% in basalt. Channel gradient and channel morphology appeared to account for the observed differences in salmonid abundance, which reflected the known preference of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch for pools. Coho salmon predominated in sandstone streams, whereas steelhead O. mykiss and cutthroat trout O. clarki predominated in basalt streams. In sandstone, juvenile coho salmon were four times more abundant than age-0 trout (steelhead and cutthroat trout combined). In basalt, age-0 trout were five times more abundant than juvenile coho salmon. Steelhead and cutthroat trout aged 1 or older were more abundant in basalt streams than in sandstone. However, mean densities of all salmonids combined were not different between rock types. We failed to find a clear fish response to disturbance, but our study shows the importance of geology in the design of studies investigating the response of salmonids to timber harvest and suggests that streams in basalt and sandstone have different potential capacities for salmonid communities.

text: Rock type and channel gradient structure salmonid populations in the Oregon coast range The study objective was to investigate the response of salmonid populations to disturbance in Oregon Coast Range streams in two rock types, basalt and sandstone. Salmonid abundance was estimated in a total of 30 km of channel in 10 Oregon Coast Range streams with similar basin areas (14–20 km2). These basins had a range of disturbance caused by timber harvest, fire, and salvage logging. Mean channel gradient in sandstone was 0.012 m/m, and pools were the dominant habitat type. Mean channel gradient in basalt (0.025 m/m) was twice that in sandstone, and riffles were the dominant habitat type. Mean percentages by length of pools, glides, and riffles were 47, 33, and 20%, respectively, in sandstone, compared with 24, 27, and 50% in basalt. Channel gradient and channel morphology appeared to account for the observed differences in salmonid abundance, which reflected the known preference of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch for pools. Coho salmon predominated in sandstone streams, whereas steelhead O. mykiss and cutthroat trout O. clarki predominated in basalt streams. In sandstone, juvenile coho salmon were four times more abundant than age-0 trout (steelhead and cutthroat trout combined). In basalt, age-0 trout were five times more abundant than juvenile coho salmon. Steelhead and cutthroat trout aged 1 or older were more abundant in basalt streams than in sandstone. However, mean densities of all salmonids combined were not different between rock types. We failed to find a clear fish response to disturbance, but our study shows the importance of geology in the design of studies investigating the response of salmonids to timber harvest and suggests that streams in basalt and sandstone have different potential capacities for salmonid communities.

year: 2003-05

title: Energy Investment and Emissions Planning for Electricity Generation in Myanmar

authors: Win, Phyu Phyu

subjects: Energy planning

abstract: Hydropower plays a critical role in supplying electricity generation in the developing nation of Myanmar. Over the next 15 years (2015 – 2030) with anticipated rapid social and economic development in Myanmar, the demand for electricity is expected to increase from 23718 GWh in 2015 to 136605 GWh in 2030, which is nearly a six-fold increase. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the critical role of hydropower in the Myanmar electricity sector in meeting projected demand in 2030. As a result this thesis presents a detailed analysis of electricity generation in Myanmar using chiefly two methods: Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis (CEPA).
The contributions of this thesis to literature and Myanmar include: (1) the development of a low energy investment, low emissions roadmap towards achieving electricity demand in 2030 for Myanmar; (2) the identification of 20 storage-type hydropower stations that with excellent EROI values and low energy payback times, which help form the foundation of the future development roadmap; and (3), the determination of dam-type-specific empirical correlations for EROI by inputting the estimated electricity output (based on head, water flow, overall efficiency and capacity factor) and dam volume. 
By implementing the recommendation of a further 20 hydropower plants, beyond the currently installed and under-construction plants, Myanmar can achieve its ambitious 2030 electricity supply target, 136605 GWh, in which a major of generation comes from hydropower (69%). The remaining generation comes from natural gas (24%), coal 3340 GWh (2.5%) and other renewables such as solar, wind and biomass (4.5%). Compared to the Myanmar’s current National Electricity Master Plan (2014-2030) adopted by Ministry of Electric Power, the recommendations in this thesis can lead to 41% mitigation of carbon emissions with 7% less energy investment.

text: Energy Investment and Emissions Planning for Electricity Generation in Myanmar Hydropower plays a critical role in supplying electricity generation in the developing nation of Myanmar. Over the next 15 years (2015 – 2030) with anticipated rapid social and economic development in Myanmar, the demand for electricity is expected to increase from 23718 GWh in 2015 to 136605 GWh in 2030, which is nearly a six-fold increase. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the critical role of hydropower in the Myanmar electricity sector in meeting projected demand in 2030. As a result this thesis presents a detailed analysis of electricity generation in Myanmar using chiefly two methods: Energy Return on Investment (EROI) and Carbon Emissions Pinch Analysis (CEPA).
The contributions of this thesis to literature and Myanmar include: (1) the development of a low energy investment, low emissions roadmap towards achieving electricity demand in 2030 for Myanmar; (2) the identification of 20 storage-type hydropower stations that with excellent EROI values and low energy payback times, which help form the foundation of the future development roadmap; and (3), the determination of dam-type-specific empirical correlations for EROI by inputting the estimated electricity output (based on head, water flow, overall efficiency and capacity factor) and dam volume. 
By implementing the recommendation of a further 20 hydropower plants, beyond the currently installed and under-construction plants, Myanmar can achieve its ambitious 2030 electricity supply target, 136605 GWh, in which a major of generation comes from hydropower (69%). The remaining generation comes from natural gas (24%), coal 3340 GWh (2.5%) and other renewables such as solar, wind and biomass (4.5%). Compared to the Myanmar’s current National Electricity Master Plan (2014-2030) adopted by Ministry of Electric Power, the recommendations in this thesis can lead to 41% mitigation of carbon emissions with 7% less energy investment.

year: 2016

title: ‘Doctoring’ our own: Confessions of a Māori doctoral supervisor

authors: Hohepa, Margie Kahukura

subjects: Māori doctoral student

abstract: There is very little literature, empirically based or otherwise, on the supervision of Māori doctoral students (Fitzgerald, 2005; Pope, 2008; Kidman, 2007; Smith, 2007). There is even less relating to Māori supervisors working with Māori doctoral students (Kidinan, 2007), let alone Māori supervisors working with non- Māori students. While the relatively large corpus of literature on doctoral supervision may be of some assistance to Māori supervisors, there is also a dearth of studies that focus on the pedagogical aspects. Research undertaken by Elizabeth McKinley and her co-researchers (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin & Williams, 2009) will now help to fill the literature gap on the teaching and learning process of supervision as it pertains to Māori.

text: ‘Doctoring’ our own: Confessions of a Māori doctoral supervisor There is very little literature, empirically based or otherwise, on the supervision of Māori doctoral students (Fitzgerald, 2005; Pope, 2008; Kidman, 2007; Smith, 2007). There is even less relating to Māori supervisors working with Māori doctoral students (Kidinan, 2007), let alone Māori supervisors working with non- Māori students. While the relatively large corpus of literature on doctoral supervision may be of some assistance to Māori supervisors, there is also a dearth of studies that focus on the pedagogical aspects. Research undertaken by Elizabeth McKinley and her co-researchers (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin & Williams, 2009) will now help to fill the literature gap on the teaching and learning process of supervision as it pertains to Māori.

year: 2010