title: Laser light scattering as a probe of bovine sperm motility

authors: Woolford, Murray W.

abstract: Laser light scattering measurements of sperm motility have traditionally assumed spermatozoa to behave as point scatterers at small forward scattering angles, and motile cells to exhibit an isotropic distribution of translation vectors. Such assumptions have lead to interpretations of fluctuations in the detected optical field as arising from Doppler-beats.
Experimental and theoretical results presented in this thesis show that for bull spermatozoa, the large dimensions (>> λ) and slab-like conformation of the rotating head result in large intensity fluctuations at the photodetector which call into question the role of coherence and render the Doppler-beat interpretation untenable.
A sharply peaked scattering lobe (width ~ 20°) lying in the equatorial plane of the head is shown to give an intensity peak when the normal to the head plane becomes aligned with the scattering vector. Consequently only those motile cells swimming with appropriately aligned translation vectors contribute to the detected signal. Immotile cells, which are shown to exhibit geotaxis, become visible only to a detector aligned in the horizontal plane. A marked concentration dependence in the ratio of motile and immotile autocorrelation components is modelled on the basis of hydrodynamic interactions between motile and immotile fractions, which result in immotile cells being reoriented outside the range of visible alignments.
A complex opto-dynamic system is defined by a series of experiments which demonstrate that the traditional laser light scattering geometry gives only an empirical measure of the percent motile spermatozoa but may be used to obtain an absolute measurement of the head rotation rate. 
Discussion is given to variations in the scattering geometry and sample chamber design which are more appropriate to the phenomenology within the system.

text: Laser light scattering as a probe of bovine sperm motility Laser light scattering measurements of sperm motility have traditionally assumed spermatozoa to behave as point scatterers at small forward scattering angles, and motile cells to exhibit an isotropic distribution of translation vectors. Such assumptions have lead to interpretations of fluctuations in the detected optical field as arising from Doppler-beats.
Experimental and theoretical results presented in this thesis show that for bull spermatozoa, the large dimensions (>> λ) and slab-like conformation of the rotating head result in large intensity fluctuations at the photodetector which call into question the role of coherence and render the Doppler-beat interpretation untenable.
A sharply peaked scattering lobe (width ~ 20°) lying in the equatorial plane of the head is shown to give an intensity peak when the normal to the head plane becomes aligned with the scattering vector. Consequently only those motile cells swimming with appropriately aligned translation vectors contribute to the detected signal. Immotile cells, which are shown to exhibit geotaxis, become visible only to a detector aligned in the horizontal plane. A marked concentration dependence in the ratio of motile and immotile autocorrelation components is modelled on the basis of hydrodynamic interactions between motile and immotile fractions, which result in immotile cells being reoriented outside the range of visible alignments.
A complex opto-dynamic system is defined by a series of experiments which demonstrate that the traditional laser light scattering geometry gives only an empirical measure of the percent motile spermatozoa but may be used to obtain an absolute measurement of the head rotation rate. 
Discussion is given to variations in the scattering geometry and sample chamber design which are more appropriate to the phenomenology within the system.

year: 1980

title: Towards a philosophy of academic publishing

authors: Peters, Michael A.

abstract: This article is concerned with developing a philosophical approach to a number of significant changes to academic publishing, and specifically the global journal knowledge system wrought by a range of new digital technologies that herald the third age of the journal as an electronic, interactive and mixed-media form of scientific communication. The paper emerges from an Editors' Collective, a small New Zealand-based organisation comprised of editors and reviewers of academic journals mostly in the fields of education and philosophy. The paper is the result of a collective writing process.

text: Towards a philosophy of academic publishing This article is concerned with developing a philosophical approach to a number of significant changes to academic publishing, and specifically the global journal knowledge system wrought by a range of new digital technologies that herald the third age of the journal as an electronic, interactive and mixed-media form of scientific communication. The paper emerges from an Editors' Collective, a small New Zealand-based organisation comprised of editors and reviewers of academic journals mostly in the fields of education and philosophy. The paper is the result of a collective writing process.

year: 2016

title: Exploring Māori and non-Māori mental health nurses' perceptions of Te Whare Tapa Whā: A mixed methods study looking at Māori and non-Māori mental health nurses' perceptions of Te Whare Tapa Whā within the Waikato region

authors: Teinakore, Samantha

subjects: Te Whare Tapa Whā

abstract: Background: Te Whare Tapa Whā is a well-recognised Māori model of health and wellbeing which is embraced within the health system in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. Although it can be applied in different specialties, the impacts generated from this model were first noticed in mental health, as this model was created by Mason Durie who is a psychiatrist. Research has shown this model provided an opportunity for Māori to have a voice in their health.
Objective: This study aims were to explore mental health nurses’ perceptions of the Māori Health model, Te Whare Tapa Whā, and how their beliefs and values may impact them implementing this model into their care.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was utilised for this study. Phase one was about gathering quantitative data, collecting statistical data through surveys. The first phase helped with the formulate interview schedule, which was the beginning of the next phase. Phase two was semi structured interviews which helped with the gathering of qualitative data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
Participants: Mental health nurses within the Waikato region were the participants for this research study. A survey was distributed to mental health nurses in the Waikato area and 53 responded. After the survey, semi structured one on one interviews were conducted with the researcher. Total of 8 interviews; (n = 6) Māori mental health nurses and (n = 2) Non-Māori mental health nurses.
Results: The survey showed that more than half the nurses had a positive perspective on Te Whare Tapa Whā and felt it was good for nursing care. They were able to identify barriers to implementation. There were mixed responses on feeling supported to use Te Whare Tapa Whā in the workplace. Four over-arching themes were identified from the interviews . These were; Māori, clinical practice, organisation level and individual factors.
Conclusion: Overall, all mental health nurses had a positive perception of Te Whare Tapa Whā and the impacts it can have on nursing care. Most identified barriers which can impact whether they can actually use it in practice. Māori and non-Māori nurses had different depths of knowledge, cultural worldviews and clinical practice experiences, creating complexities with implementation. These beliefs, perceptions and experiences were highlighted in this study.

text: Exploring Māori and non-Māori mental health nurses' perceptions of Te Whare Tapa Whā: A mixed methods study looking at Māori and non-Māori mental health nurses' perceptions of Te Whare Tapa Whā within the Waikato region Background: Te Whare Tapa Whā is a well-recognised Māori model of health and wellbeing which is embraced within the health system in Aotearoa/ New Zealand. Although it can be applied in different specialties, the impacts generated from this model were first noticed in mental health, as this model was created by Mason Durie who is a psychiatrist. Research has shown this model provided an opportunity for Māori to have a voice in their health.
Objective: This study aims were to explore mental health nurses’ perceptions of the Māori Health model, Te Whare Tapa Whā, and how their beliefs and values may impact them implementing this model into their care.
Methods: A mixed methods approach was utilised for this study. Phase one was about gathering quantitative data, collecting statistical data through surveys. The first phase helped with the formulate interview schedule, which was the beginning of the next phase. Phase two was semi structured interviews which helped with the gathering of qualitative data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.
Participants: Mental health nurses within the Waikato region were the participants for this research study. A survey was distributed to mental health nurses in the Waikato area and 53 responded. After the survey, semi structured one on one interviews were conducted with the researcher. Total of 8 interviews; (n = 6) Māori mental health nurses and (n = 2) Non-Māori mental health nurses.
Results: The survey showed that more than half the nurses had a positive perspective on Te Whare Tapa Whā and felt it was good for nursing care. They were able to identify barriers to implementation. There were mixed responses on feeling supported to use Te Whare Tapa Whā in the workplace. Four over-arching themes were identified from the interviews . These were; Māori, clinical practice, organisation level and individual factors.
Conclusion: Overall, all mental health nurses had a positive perception of Te Whare Tapa Whā and the impacts it can have on nursing care. Most identified barriers which can impact whether they can actually use it in practice. Māori and non-Māori nurses had different depths of knowledge, cultural worldviews and clinical practice experiences, creating complexities with implementation. These beliefs, perceptions and experiences were highlighted in this study.

year: 2023