title: Expanding financial communication: Investor relations, crowdfunding, and democracy in the time of fintech

authors: Doan, Mai Anh

subjects: financial communication

abstract: This thesis studied financial communication in the context of a globalised, technologized, and financialised world. It arose from two seemingly opposite trends in practice and in academia. In practice, not only are technology and finance becoming more pervasive on their own, they are also merging as fintech, which is further disrupting financial and social practices. In academia, financial communication, more commonly, if incorrectly, known as investor relations, does not connect with these realities. While the trends in practice hold the promise of making profound impacts in democratising finance and promoting egalitarianism, their neglect in academia not only does a disservice to the practice but also threatens to further segregate and lower the poor reputation of public relations, which is the umbrella discipline that contains financial communication.
Accordingly, the thesis attempted to bring financial communication closer to practice and to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining financial communication in the context of fintech. Specifically, it sought answers to the following two research questions: (1) What is the current state of academic research on investor relations and financial communication? and (2) In what ways could investor relations and financial communication integrate crowdfunding to their practice and research to further democratise finance and contribute to a fully functioning society?
The thesis with publication includes four publications – three published journal articles and one book chapter (in press) – and each arose from a research project relevant to the overall theme. These projects identified how financial communication continues to be academically insular and disconnected from technology. Their findings also suggested how individually and in concert, by incorporating fintech and crowdfunding, financial communication can open up ways that benefit both practice and research. 
The thesis also found evidence that crowdfunding has the potential to improve financial democracy across the globe. For it to harness that potential, however, the thesis proposes that financial communicators become advocates for increasing financial literacy and inclusiveness for individuals and for the greater good of the society. The function should not only provide tangible results for businesses but also expand and re-focus on building communities and on re-balancing power. The thesis argues that the online environment of crowdfunding and fintech with new players and rules needs researchers to change. 
The change means researchers need to re-examine the nature, characteristics, scope and impact of communication, to look outside of their own discipline to add resources, to diversify their approaches, and to go beyond the traditional organisation-centric orientation of investor relations and public relations. In so doing so, financial communication will also be advancing the movement for improving the academic and social reputation of public relations. The thesis concludes that what financial communication has not been able to accomplish today can also serve as a fertile ground for future research directions.

text: Expanding financial communication: Investor relations, crowdfunding, and democracy in the time of fintech This thesis studied financial communication in the context of a globalised, technologized, and financialised world. It arose from two seemingly opposite trends in practice and in academia. In practice, not only are technology and finance becoming more pervasive on their own, they are also merging as fintech, which is further disrupting financial and social practices. In academia, financial communication, more commonly, if incorrectly, known as investor relations, does not connect with these realities. While the trends in practice hold the promise of making profound impacts in democratising finance and promoting egalitarianism, their neglect in academia not only does a disservice to the practice but also threatens to further segregate and lower the poor reputation of public relations, which is the umbrella discipline that contains financial communication.
Accordingly, the thesis attempted to bring financial communication closer to practice and to make an original contribution to knowledge by examining financial communication in the context of fintech. Specifically, it sought answers to the following two research questions: (1) What is the current state of academic research on investor relations and financial communication? and (2) In what ways could investor relations and financial communication integrate crowdfunding to their practice and research to further democratise finance and contribute to a fully functioning society?
The thesis with publication includes four publications – three published journal articles and one book chapter (in press) – and each arose from a research project relevant to the overall theme. These projects identified how financial communication continues to be academically insular and disconnected from technology. Their findings also suggested how individually and in concert, by incorporating fintech and crowdfunding, financial communication can open up ways that benefit both practice and research. 
The thesis also found evidence that crowdfunding has the potential to improve financial democracy across the globe. For it to harness that potential, however, the thesis proposes that financial communicators become advocates for increasing financial literacy and inclusiveness for individuals and for the greater good of the society. The function should not only provide tangible results for businesses but also expand and re-focus on building communities and on re-balancing power. The thesis argues that the online environment of crowdfunding and fintech with new players and rules needs researchers to change. 
The change means researchers need to re-examine the nature, characteristics, scope and impact of communication, to look outside of their own discipline to add resources, to diversify their approaches, and to go beyond the traditional organisation-centric orientation of investor relations and public relations. In so doing so, financial communication will also be advancing the movement for improving the academic and social reputation of public relations. The thesis concludes that what financial communication has not been able to accomplish today can also serve as a fertile ground for future research directions.

year: 2018

title: Application of Nonlinear Transistor Characteristics

authors: Balsom, Toby

subjects: Transistor

abstract: This research presents three works all related by the subject of third-order distortion reduction in nonlinear circuits. Each one is a novel extension to previous work in that branch of electronics literature. All three follow the procedure of presenting a novel algebraic proof and following up with simulations and/or measurements to confirm the theoretical result. The works are generally themed around nonlinear low-frequency bipolar transistor circuits.
Firstly, an investigation is conducted into a well documented effect in bipolar-junction transistors (BJTs) called inherent third-order distortion nulling. This effect is shown to be a fundamental result of the transistor’s transfer junction acting upon an input signal. The proof of a single BJT emitter-follower amplifier’s inherent null is examined which is well documented in the literature. This forms the basis for a novel extension in Darlington transistors where theory suggests the third-order null occurs at double the collector current of a single BJT. Discrete measurements of a CA3083 transistor array are undertaken and compared with theory and simulation data. These measurements confirm theory with reasonable accuracy.
A temperature and process variation independent bias circuit is developed to solve one issue with using third-order distortion nulling. This work is interesting in that it branches into series resistance compensation for translinear circuits and stands as a useful circuit in its own right. Using stacks of matched forward-biased semiconductor junctions which conform to translinear conditions, a bias current can be generated which theoretically removes temperature and series resistance dependence on the particular BJT used. This proves useful for the previous work in distortion nulling, but also allows direct and accurate measurement of series resistance. Again, simulation and measurement data is obtained from discrete measurements of the proposed circuit, and the results conform with theory to a reasonable degree.
Lastly, this work presents the analysis of a cascoded-compensation (Cascomp) amplifier. It presents the first fully nonlinear derivation of the Cascomp’s transfer function and its associated harmonic and intermodulation distortion components. The derivation reveals an interesting characteristic in which the third-order intermodulation distortion has multiple local minima. This characteristic has not yet been presented in the literature, and allows better optimisation of Cascomp amplifiers in any application. Again, this characteristic and its potential benefits are confirmed with simulation and discrete measurements.
Observations of the presented works are discussed and built upon in the last chapter. This leads to suggestions on future research topics branching on from these works.

text: Application of Nonlinear Transistor Characteristics This research presents three works all related by the subject of third-order distortion reduction in nonlinear circuits. Each one is a novel extension to previous work in that branch of electronics literature. All three follow the procedure of presenting a novel algebraic proof and following up with simulations and/or measurements to confirm the theoretical result. The works are generally themed around nonlinear low-frequency bipolar transistor circuits.
Firstly, an investigation is conducted into a well documented effect in bipolar-junction transistors (BJTs) called inherent third-order distortion nulling. This effect is shown to be a fundamental result of the transistor’s transfer junction acting upon an input signal. The proof of a single BJT emitter-follower amplifier’s inherent null is examined which is well documented in the literature. This forms the basis for a novel extension in Darlington transistors where theory suggests the third-order null occurs at double the collector current of a single BJT. Discrete measurements of a CA3083 transistor array are undertaken and compared with theory and simulation data. These measurements confirm theory with reasonable accuracy.
A temperature and process variation independent bias circuit is developed to solve one issue with using third-order distortion nulling. This work is interesting in that it branches into series resistance compensation for translinear circuits and stands as a useful circuit in its own right. Using stacks of matched forward-biased semiconductor junctions which conform to translinear conditions, a bias current can be generated which theoretically removes temperature and series resistance dependence on the particular BJT used. This proves useful for the previous work in distortion nulling, but also allows direct and accurate measurement of series resistance. Again, simulation and measurement data is obtained from discrete measurements of the proposed circuit, and the results conform with theory to a reasonable degree.
Lastly, this work presents the analysis of a cascoded-compensation (Cascomp) amplifier. It presents the first fully nonlinear derivation of the Cascomp’s transfer function and its associated harmonic and intermodulation distortion components. The derivation reveals an interesting characteristic in which the third-order intermodulation distortion has multiple local minima. This characteristic has not yet been presented in the literature, and allows better optimisation of Cascomp amplifiers in any application. Again, this characteristic and its potential benefits are confirmed with simulation and discrete measurements.
Observations of the presented works are discussed and built upon in the last chapter. This leads to suggestions on future research topics branching on from these works.

year: 2014

title: A Journey Beyond the Bars: Participants' Experiences of Psychological Treatment in a Prison Setting

authors: Terrill, Damian James

subjects: Prison

abstract: This study explored the experiences of high-risk male offenders at varying stages of a prison-based residential rehabilitation programme. Information was elicited by means of 1:1 semi-structured interviews with three adult offenders: one programme completer, one approaching completion and one non-completer. The opinions of three members of unit staff (two programme facilitators and one custodial officer) were also included. Having identified a lack of process-focused qualitative research in the criminological literature, this thesis has attempted to provide an insight into the lived experiences of offenders undergoing a residential rehabilitative intervention. The results are presented through a combined postmodernist, social constructionist discourse. They identify a series of coherent themes which emphasise the importance of numerous contextual, linguistic and communicative variables in dictating the participants’ self-perspectives and engagement with treatment. I will examine in particular, the role of motivation, the importance of the therapeutic bond established between participants and therapists, the relevance of the therapeutic environment, and the impact of both bi-cultural therapy and notions of individual stigmatisation. The overall findings are related to the broader penological literature in order to inspire further experiential analyses of offenders undergoing treatment, and to offer points for consideration in the application of prison-based rehabilitative interventions.

text: A Journey Beyond the Bars: Participants' Experiences of Psychological Treatment in a Prison Setting This study explored the experiences of high-risk male offenders at varying stages of a prison-based residential rehabilitation programme. Information was elicited by means of 1:1 semi-structured interviews with three adult offenders: one programme completer, one approaching completion and one non-completer. The opinions of three members of unit staff (two programme facilitators and one custodial officer) were also included. Having identified a lack of process-focused qualitative research in the criminological literature, this thesis has attempted to provide an insight into the lived experiences of offenders undergoing a residential rehabilitative intervention. The results are presented through a combined postmodernist, social constructionist discourse. They identify a series of coherent themes which emphasise the importance of numerous contextual, linguistic and communicative variables in dictating the participants’ self-perspectives and engagement with treatment. I will examine in particular, the role of motivation, the importance of the therapeutic bond established between participants and therapists, the relevance of the therapeutic environment, and the impact of both bi-cultural therapy and notions of individual stigmatisation. The overall findings are related to the broader penological literature in order to inspire further experiential analyses of offenders undergoing treatment, and to offer points for consideration in the application of prison-based rehabilitative interventions.

year: 2010