title: Insecure, unpredictable, hoping to survive: Four cases of Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Uerata, Lynley Moana

subjects: Māori

abstract: A conceptualisation of precarity is introduced and adopted. A critique of contemporary conceptualisations of precarity is presented, drawing especially on Stuart Hall’s interpretation of articulation and Marx’s concept of relative surplus population. Much of the literature on precarity focusses on the neoliberal mode of contemporary capitalism originating in the late 1970s. However, there is limited literature which explores precarity as a way of life. A precarious way of life is characterised by interacting forms of precarity which embed insecurity, instability, and unpredictability in the everyday lives of real people. An account of the Māori experience of precarity since the pre-colonial era to the present-day is presented. Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand who were colonised by the British Empire in the 1800s. 
The main research questions addressed in my thesis are: What forms of precarity are present in the everyday context? How do forms of precarity relate to each other? How do forms of precarity relate to being Māori? What kinds of support do those living with precarity gain from social structures, institutions, and social actors? What is the role of culture in the way Māori experience and mediate precarity? An analysis of semi-structured in-depth engagements with Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand in 2016, based on four case studies, shows the character and significance of forms, sources, and effects of precarity in everyday life. As historical processes continue to overdetermine experiences of social structures and institutions in the present, in a contemporary capitalist context precarity arises from a wide range of interacting sources, forms, and effects of precarity. Among the different kinds of actors and organisations which comprise the support systems constructed to mediate precarity in the everyday context, cultural practices and resources can play a significant role for people who are culturally connected. When people are integrated into their local and cultural communities, they can cope better with a precarious way of life.

text: Insecure, unpredictable, hoping to survive: Four cases of Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand A conceptualisation of precarity is introduced and adopted. A critique of contemporary conceptualisations of precarity is presented, drawing especially on Stuart Hall’s interpretation of articulation and Marx’s concept of relative surplus population. Much of the literature on precarity focusses on the neoliberal mode of contemporary capitalism originating in the late 1970s. However, there is limited literature which explores precarity as a way of life. A precarious way of life is characterised by interacting forms of precarity which embed insecurity, instability, and unpredictability in the everyday lives of real people. An account of the Māori experience of precarity since the pre-colonial era to the present-day is presented. Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand who were colonised by the British Empire in the 1800s. 
The main research questions addressed in my thesis are: What forms of precarity are present in the everyday context? How do forms of precarity relate to each other? How do forms of precarity relate to being Māori? What kinds of support do those living with precarity gain from social structures, institutions, and social actors? What is the role of culture in the way Māori experience and mediate precarity? An analysis of semi-structured in-depth engagements with Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand in 2016, based on four case studies, shows the character and significance of forms, sources, and effects of precarity in everyday life. As historical processes continue to overdetermine experiences of social structures and institutions in the present, in a contemporary capitalist context precarity arises from a wide range of interacting sources, forms, and effects of precarity. Among the different kinds of actors and organisations which comprise the support systems constructed to mediate precarity in the everyday context, cultural practices and resources can play a significant role for people who are culturally connected. When people are integrated into their local and cultural communities, they can cope better with a precarious way of life.

year: 2021

title: Breaking the browsing barrier for historic search of newspaper texts

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: computer science

abstract: Traditionally, to find information in a newspaper collection it has been necessary to painstakingly browse through the individual issues hoping that relevant words will catch your eye. Researchers of New Zealand’s encounter history received a boost when, in 1996, the Alexander Turnbull Library produced a collection on microfiche totaling almost 18,000 pages and covering a printing period from 1842 to 1933. While having all the newspapers in a single collection was a large step forward, browsing or searching for information in this microfiche collection was still time consuming.
By incorporating the collection into a digital library with an Internet interface, and by enabling full-text search, we have broken this browsing barrier. Making the information available this way is even more significant as the majority of the collection is written in the Māori language; we have created a Māori language resource that is sorely needed by education and research institutes, and one that provides quick and accurate access to the previously obscure source. The process involved in developing this unique digital library collection, the advantages of traditional newspaper stored in this medium, and the possibilities that we intend to investigate in the future, will be discussed in this paper.

text: Breaking the browsing barrier for historic search of newspaper texts Traditionally, to find information in a newspaper collection it has been necessary to painstakingly browse through the individual issues hoping that relevant words will catch your eye. Researchers of New Zealand’s encounter history received a boost when, in 1996, the Alexander Turnbull Library produced a collection on microfiche totaling almost 18,000 pages and covering a printing period from 1842 to 1933. While having all the newspapers in a single collection was a large step forward, browsing or searching for information in this microfiche collection was still time consuming.
By incorporating the collection into a digital library with an Internet interface, and by enabling full-text search, we have broken this browsing barrier. Making the information available this way is even more significant as the majority of the collection is written in the Māori language; we have created a Māori language resource that is sorely needed by education and research institutes, and one that provides quick and accurate access to the previously obscure source. The process involved in developing this unique digital library collection, the advantages of traditional newspaper stored in this medium, and the possibilities that we intend to investigate in the future, will be discussed in this paper.

year: 2001

title: A supercapacitor assisted technique for reducing losses in the input loop of an inverter system for solar PV applications

authors: Naligama, Chamila Anuradha

subjects: switching converters

abstract: This paper presents a method of using supercapacitor modules in the input loop, to reduce the input losses of a typical inverter system used in solar applications. It is an extension of the supercapacitor-assisted loss management principle (SCALoM), where supercapacitors act as lossless droppers and energy buffers at the input end with a very low frequency switching scheme with reduced dynamic losses in switches compared to switched capacitor-inverter systems. The technique uses a set of micro-inverters, with the same total power capability as a single inverter, combined with a set of supercapacitor banks switching at a low frequency to reduce the voltage stress and rms current through the H-bridge input stages of the inverters, enhancing the end-to-end efficiency of the overall system. The proposed technique does not require a re-design of the commercially available inverters and adds DC-UPS capability to the system. Preliminary experimental results of the SCA(super capacitor assisted) two-inverter arrangement show stable transient and steady state operations, and the system is up to 2.2% efficient compared to a single central inverter arrangement. With the proposed SCA four-inverter configuration, inverter's overall power load can be further partitioned, and according to the analytical study further improvements in the overall efficiency can be achieved over the SCA two-inverter arrangement.

text: A supercapacitor assisted technique for reducing losses in the input loop of an inverter system for solar PV applications This paper presents a method of using supercapacitor modules in the input loop, to reduce the input losses of a typical inverter system used in solar applications. It is an extension of the supercapacitor-assisted loss management principle (SCALoM), where supercapacitors act as lossless droppers and energy buffers at the input end with a very low frequency switching scheme with reduced dynamic losses in switches compared to switched capacitor-inverter systems. The technique uses a set of micro-inverters, with the same total power capability as a single inverter, combined with a set of supercapacitor banks switching at a low frequency to reduce the voltage stress and rms current through the H-bridge input stages of the inverters, enhancing the end-to-end efficiency of the overall system. The proposed technique does not require a re-design of the commercially available inverters and adds DC-UPS capability to the system. Preliminary experimental results of the SCA(super capacitor assisted) two-inverter arrangement show stable transient and steady state operations, and the system is up to 2.2% efficient compared to a single central inverter arrangement. With the proposed SCA four-inverter configuration, inverter's overall power load can be further partitioned, and according to the analytical study further improvements in the overall efficiency can be achieved over the SCA two-inverter arrangement.

year: 2024