title: Trends and gaps

authors: Dix, Alan

subjects: Computer science

abstract: This chapter attempts to identify future research directions for formal methods in HCI. It does this using two main approaches. First, we will look at trends within HCI more broadly and the challenges these pose for formal methods. These trends in HCI are often themselves driven by external technical and societal change, for example the growth of maker/hacker culture and the increasing dependence of basic citizenship on digital technology, effectively establishing external requirements for the field. Second we will look inwards at the FoMHCI literature, the user interaction phenomena it is trying to address and the processes of interaction design it is intended to support. Through this second analysis we will identify internally generated trends. This does not lead to a single overarching research agenda, but does identify a number of critical areas and issues, and hence establishes opportunities for further research to expand the state of the art.

text: Trends and gaps This chapter attempts to identify future research directions for formal methods in HCI. It does this using two main approaches. First, we will look at trends within HCI more broadly and the challenges these pose for formal methods. These trends in HCI are often themselves driven by external technical and societal change, for example the growth of maker/hacker culture and the increasing dependence of basic citizenship on digital technology, effectively establishing external requirements for the field. Second we will look inwards at the FoMHCI literature, the user interaction phenomena it is trying to address and the processes of interaction design it is intended to support. Through this second analysis we will identify internally generated trends. This does not lead to a single overarching research agenda, but does identify a number of critical areas and issues, and hence establishes opportunities for further research to expand the state of the art.

year: 2017

title: Ecological studies on Lake Ototoa with special reference to the copepod Calamoecia lucasi

authors: Green, J.D.

abstract: New Zealand is a country richly endowed with lakes of all kinds , yet apart from some pioneering surveys (e.g. Cunningham et al 1953, Flint 1938 , Stout 1969, Jolly 1968) and a few more detailed recent studies (e.g. Fish 1970, Barker 1970, Chapman 1972) very little is known about their detailed limnology or of the biology of the plant and animal species inhabiting them. The South Island is characterised by having many large, deep glacial lakes, and a lesser number of smaller bodies of water, supporting populations of various species of the copepod genus Boeckella. In the North Island there are fewer larger lakes, and most of these are concentrated in the volcanic region near the centre of the Island. Elsewhere smaller bodies of water are more characteristic, and particularly in the far north and along the western coastline the most important and common of these are the sand-dune lakes. In contrast with the South Island, species of Boeckella are relatively less common and in most of the smaller lakes, as well as the majority of the larger central ones their place is taken by the small centropagid Calamoecia lucasi which is usually the dominant zooplankter whenever it occurs.
However, only two studies have been made of its biology. Barker (1967) studied some aspects of its seasonal cycle in Lake Pupuke, a eutrophic lake near Auckland, and recently Chapman (1972) has made more extensive investigations of these aspects as well as of population dynamics in Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, two large mesotrophic lakes in the centre of the North Island. 
The study upon which this thesis is based is the first of the ecology of C. lucasi in an oligtrophic lake, and was mainly concerned with the copepod’s seasonal biology, population dynamics and production in one of the northern sand-dune lakes. As well as these aspects, the general limnology of the lake and the cycles of phytoplankton were considered in some detail, not only because of the importance of the environment in determining most limnological cycles, but also because of the lack of knowledge of the general limnology of this important class of New Zealand lake.

text: Ecological studies on Lake Ototoa with special reference to the copepod Calamoecia lucasi New Zealand is a country richly endowed with lakes of all kinds , yet apart from some pioneering surveys (e.g. Cunningham et al 1953, Flint 1938 , Stout 1969, Jolly 1968) and a few more detailed recent studies (e.g. Fish 1970, Barker 1970, Chapman 1972) very little is known about their detailed limnology or of the biology of the plant and animal species inhabiting them. The South Island is characterised by having many large, deep glacial lakes, and a lesser number of smaller bodies of water, supporting populations of various species of the copepod genus Boeckella. In the North Island there are fewer larger lakes, and most of these are concentrated in the volcanic region near the centre of the Island. Elsewhere smaller bodies of water are more characteristic, and particularly in the far north and along the western coastline the most important and common of these are the sand-dune lakes. In contrast with the South Island, species of Boeckella are relatively less common and in most of the smaller lakes, as well as the majority of the larger central ones their place is taken by the small centropagid Calamoecia lucasi which is usually the dominant zooplankter whenever it occurs.
However, only two studies have been made of its biology. Barker (1967) studied some aspects of its seasonal cycle in Lake Pupuke, a eutrophic lake near Auckland, and recently Chapman (1972) has made more extensive investigations of these aspects as well as of population dynamics in Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, two large mesotrophic lakes in the centre of the North Island. 
The study upon which this thesis is based is the first of the ecology of C. lucasi in an oligtrophic lake, and was mainly concerned with the copepod’s seasonal biology, population dynamics and production in one of the northern sand-dune lakes. As well as these aspects, the general limnology of the lake and the cycles of phytoplankton were considered in some detail, not only because of the importance of the environment in determining most limnological cycles, but also because of the lack of knowledge of the general limnology of this important class of New Zealand lake.

year: 1973

title: E Toru Ngā Reo: A Case Study of a Spanish Language Programme in a Kura Kaupapa Māori

authors: Flavell, William

subjects: Kaupapa Maori Research

abstract: Learning Languages is a new area in the 2007 New Zealand Curriculum.  However there have not been many studies in this subject.  Kura Kaupapa Māori, established in 1985 in New Zealand with over 6,000 students currently attending, have English language programmes (Hill, 2010), however few, if any, studies of the teaching of other languages have been conducted.  The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an additional international language programme at a Kura Kaupapa Māori.

This qualitative case study describes the views of the Principal, five teachers, five students and three parents of a Kura Kaupapa Māori about an additional Spanish language programme. The primary means of gathering data was through individual semi-structured interviews.  Interviews were used to collect data in the areas of identifying the attitudes of the participants towards learning an additional international language, the perceived benefits, if any, of learning an additional international language and if there is a relationship between the learning of an  additional international language, and Kaupapa Māori.  The narrative data was transcribed, coded and categorised into four themes related to the research questions.  

 The success of this Spanish language programme can be understood in terms of several factors such as whānau support, programme leadership, quality teachers, international excursions and positive attitudes to foreign language learning.  

These findings will contribute to literature concerning additional language learning programmes, specifically those based in indigenous language immersion settings and they will also provide useful information and ideas which other Kura Kaupapa Māori can take advantage of when implementing additional international language learning programmes.

text: E Toru Ngā Reo: A Case Study of a Spanish Language Programme in a Kura Kaupapa Māori Learning Languages is a new area in the 2007 New Zealand Curriculum.  However there have not been many studies in this subject.  Kura Kaupapa Māori, established in 1985 in New Zealand with over 6,000 students currently attending, have English language programmes (Hill, 2010), however few, if any, studies of the teaching of other languages have been conducted.  The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an additional international language programme at a Kura Kaupapa Māori.

This qualitative case study describes the views of the Principal, five teachers, five students and three parents of a Kura Kaupapa Māori about an additional Spanish language programme. The primary means of gathering data was through individual semi-structured interviews.  Interviews were used to collect data in the areas of identifying the attitudes of the participants towards learning an additional international language, the perceived benefits, if any, of learning an additional international language and if there is a relationship between the learning of an  additional international language, and Kaupapa Māori.  The narrative data was transcribed, coded and categorised into four themes related to the research questions.  

 The success of this Spanish language programme can be understood in terms of several factors such as whānau support, programme leadership, quality teachers, international excursions and positive attitudes to foreign language learning.  

These findings will contribute to literature concerning additional language learning programmes, specifically those based in indigenous language immersion settings and they will also provide useful information and ideas which other Kura Kaupapa Māori can take advantage of when implementing additional international language learning programmes.

year: 2012