title: Effect of environment and time of planting on the production and quality of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) storage roots

authors: Douglas, James A.

subjects: yacon

abstract: The tuberous root yields of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) were compared from field trials planted in September, October, and November at four sites (Pukekohe, Hamilton, Lincoln, Mosgiel) across New Zealand. The September plantings gave the highest yields at all sites, with the October plantings giving 17% less yield and the November plantings 61% less. The September planting at Hamilton produced the highest yield of 90 t/ha, Pukekohe 64 t/ha, Lincoln 22 t/ha, and Mosgiel 15 t/ha. Regression analysis established a strong positive relationship between dry root yield and accumulated growing degree days (GDD) below 10°C calculated for base temperatures 0, 6, and 8°C (R² = 0.87–0.88). Regression analysis R² values declined above 10°C. Dry root yields were high where heat accumulation was at least 1800 GDD8 for the growing season with c. 1 t/ha of dried roots being produced for every additional 100 GDD8 above 1200 degree days. This relationship helps to identify suitable production environments for yacon. Best root production also needs an undefined level of cool temperatures as at the warmest site crown production was favoured. Total fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) content of the yacon roots varied from 48.2% to 67.5%. November yacon had the lowest FOS content and conversely the highest content of non‐FOS carbohydrates.

text: Effect of environment and time of planting on the production and quality of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) storage roots The tuberous root yields of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) were compared from field trials planted in September, October, and November at four sites (Pukekohe, Hamilton, Lincoln, Mosgiel) across New Zealand. The September plantings gave the highest yields at all sites, with the October plantings giving 17% less yield and the November plantings 61% less. The September planting at Hamilton produced the highest yield of 90 t/ha, Pukekohe 64 t/ha, Lincoln 22 t/ha, and Mosgiel 15 t/ha. Regression analysis established a strong positive relationship between dry root yield and accumulated growing degree days (GDD) below 10°C calculated for base temperatures 0, 6, and 8°C (R² = 0.87–0.88). Regression analysis R² values declined above 10°C. Dry root yields were high where heat accumulation was at least 1800 GDD8 for the growing season with c. 1 t/ha of dried roots being produced for every additional 100 GDD8 above 1200 degree days. This relationship helps to identify suitable production environments for yacon. Best root production also needs an undefined level of cool temperatures as at the warmest site crown production was favoured. Total fructo‐oligosaccharide (FOS) content of the yacon roots varied from 48.2% to 67.5%. November yacon had the lowest FOS content and conversely the highest content of non‐FOS carbohydrates.

year: 2007

title: The role of the French state: Shifting from supporting large tourism projects like Disneyland Paris to a diffusely forceful presence

authors: d'Hauteserre, Anne-Marie

subjects: tourism

abstract: The French state, in its role as legislator, has sustained relations of production within the French economy because space can be selectively configured to promote economic, social, and environmental community goals. It tries to avoid that public value be held captive to private value or that developers bypass environmental legislation. In a country where the state is in the habit of regulating everything, it is not surprising that it should have taken charge of tourism projects. This paper will determine whether the relationship between public and private enterprise in tourism development in France, where the government has systematically encouraged such partnerships, has been successful. The paper will also show whether leadership provided by the public sector in areas not necessarily focused on tourism development is what helped push France among the most visited countries in the world. Decentralisation policy has driven the state to the backstage where it remains active to ensure the continued presence of France on the international scene. Although it is tempting to advocate a particular form of governance in supporting tourism development, most forms have evolved within specific contexts and would be resistant to radical transformations. A careful scrutiny of specific examples helps to illustrate possible effective changes.

text: The role of the French state: Shifting from supporting large tourism projects like Disneyland Paris to a diffusely forceful presence The French state, in its role as legislator, has sustained relations of production within the French economy because space can be selectively configured to promote economic, social, and environmental community goals. It tries to avoid that public value be held captive to private value or that developers bypass environmental legislation. In a country where the state is in the habit of regulating everything, it is not surprising that it should have taken charge of tourism projects. This paper will determine whether the relationship between public and private enterprise in tourism development in France, where the government has systematically encouraged such partnerships, has been successful. The paper will also show whether leadership provided by the public sector in areas not necessarily focused on tourism development is what helped push France among the most visited countries in the world. Decentralisation policy has driven the state to the backstage where it remains active to ensure the continued presence of France on the international scene. Although it is tempting to advocate a particular form of governance in supporting tourism development, most forms have evolved within specific contexts and would be resistant to radical transformations. A careful scrutiny of specific examples helps to illustrate possible effective changes.

year: 2001

title: “Papatuanuku/papa:” Some thoughts on the oppositional grounds of the doctoral experience

authors: Mika, Carl Te Hira

subjects: Kaupapa

abstract: There are significant challenges that face Māori students and supervisors as a “doctoral team.” Perhaps the most fundamental of these is that there is a metaphysics at work in writing and talking that Māori are encouraged to speculate on and reclaim. One term for this metaphysics, “Papatūānuku” (often abbreviated to “Papa”), signifies an active entity that rejects strict definition but influences both doctoral text and team. This article proposes that student and supervisor must simultaneously glance towards the conventions of academic writing and recollect Papatūānuku as potential being in the doctoral process.

text: “Papatuanuku/papa:” Some thoughts on the oppositional grounds of the doctoral experience There are significant challenges that face Māori students and supervisors as a “doctoral team.” Perhaps the most fundamental of these is that there is a metaphysics at work in writing and talking that Māori are encouraged to speculate on and reclaim. One term for this metaphysics, “Papatūānuku” (often abbreviated to “Papa”), signifies an active entity that rejects strict definition but influences both doctoral text and team. This article proposes that student and supervisor must simultaneously glance towards the conventions of academic writing and recollect Papatūānuku as potential being in the doctoral process.

year: 2016