title: Chronological modelling of village sites across the Torres Strait

authors: Linnenlucke, Lauren

abstract: Village sites were a catalyst for cultural transformation and ongoing ritual development throughout the Torres Strait. Current understandings date the development of village sites to between c.1500 years and c. 500 years ago. To narrow down the timing of these events, we use stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values alongside shell 14C dates to develop chronological models of excavated village sites from the Western, Top Western, Central and Eastern Islands. Results further our understanding of temporal events associated with major settlement expansion throughout the region over the last two millennia.

text: Chronological modelling of village sites across the Torres Strait Village sites were a catalyst for cultural transformation and ongoing ritual development throughout the Torres Strait. Current understandings date the development of village sites to between c.1500 years and c. 500 years ago. To narrow down the timing of these events, we use stable carbon isotope (δ13C) values alongside shell 14C dates to develop chronological models of excavated village sites from the Western, Top Western, Central and Eastern Islands. Results further our understanding of temporal events associated with major settlement expansion throughout the region over the last two millennia.

year: 2020

title: Methods for improving heat exchanger area distribution and storage temperature selection in heat recovery loops

authors: Walmsley, Michael R.W.

abstract: Inter-plant Heat Integration across a large site can be achieved using a HRL (Heat Recovery Loop). In this paper the interrelationship between HRL storage temperatures, heat recovery and total HRL exchanger area is investigated. A methodology for designing a HRL based on a ΔTmin approach is compared to three programming optimisation approaches where heat exchangers are constrained to have the same NTU (Number of Heat Transfer Units), LMTD (Log-Mean Temperature Difference) or to find the absolute MTA (Minimum Total Area) for a given heat recovery level. Analysis is performed using time-averaged and transient mass flow rate data and temperature data. The actual temperature driving force of the HRL heat exchangers is compared to the apparent driving force as indicated by the Composite Curves. Results for the same heat recovery level show that the ΔTmin approach is effective at minimising total area to within 5% of the minimum area approach. Allocation of individual heat exchanger areas can vary widely depending on the optimisation method, the characteristics of the transient stream data and the differences in the approach and exit stream temperatures. Results suggest that using the ΔTmin method for selecting storage temperatures in combination with sizing exchangers based on the time average CP values (for while the process is running) gives a near optimal solution without requiring lots of data input or computing resources

text: Methods for improving heat exchanger area distribution and storage temperature selection in heat recovery loops Inter-plant Heat Integration across a large site can be achieved using a HRL (Heat Recovery Loop). In this paper the interrelationship between HRL storage temperatures, heat recovery and total HRL exchanger area is investigated. A methodology for designing a HRL based on a ΔTmin approach is compared to three programming optimisation approaches where heat exchangers are constrained to have the same NTU (Number of Heat Transfer Units), LMTD (Log-Mean Temperature Difference) or to find the absolute MTA (Minimum Total Area) for a given heat recovery level. Analysis is performed using time-averaged and transient mass flow rate data and temperature data. The actual temperature driving force of the HRL heat exchangers is compared to the apparent driving force as indicated by the Composite Curves. Results for the same heat recovery level show that the ΔTmin approach is effective at minimising total area to within 5% of the minimum area approach. Allocation of individual heat exchanger areas can vary widely depending on the optimisation method, the characteristics of the transient stream data and the differences in the approach and exit stream temperatures. Results suggest that using the ΔTmin method for selecting storage temperatures in combination with sizing exchangers based on the time average CP values (for while the process is running) gives a near optimal solution without requiring lots of data input or computing resources

year: 2013

title: Investigating the understanding and implementation of Ka Hikitia, in a New Zealand primary school

authors: Evans, Mary

subjects: Ka Hikitia

abstract: In New Zealand, the education system has underserved Māori learners for many years, with various factors contributing to this underperformance.  Many of these factors stem from racism and bias, conscious or unconscious, inherent in our system (Ministry of Education, 2019b).  Ka Hikitia Accelerating Success 2013 - 2017 (Ministry of Education, 2013a) set about to make transformative change in schools.  This research presents an investigation into the understanding and implementation of Ka Hikitia, in a New Zealand primary school.  
The research was guided by culturally responsive methodologies, bringing together both kaupapa Māori and critical theories (Berryman, 2013b).  Participants’ understandings and how these understandings transferred into their practice was determined through a case study.  The rich information generated within the case was analysed using grounded theory.  The main source of information came from interviewing the management team and teaching staff members.  As an insider/outsider researcher and also a participant, some of my information came from my own observations and knowledge of the school. Some attendance and achievement data held by the school also informed the case.  
The Office of the Auditor-General (2016b) contended that Ka Hikitia was a well-worded policy but, due to a lack of understanding of the policy in many schools, it was poorly implemented nationwide.  In this school, despite the good leadership and hard-working teachers, staff had difficulty fully understanding and therefore implementing the Ka Hikitia strategy as it was intended.  Strong relationships between teachers and students were evident throughout the study, however, stronger relationships were needed between the school and the wider Māori community.  The research shows that, despite the good intentions of the teachers, to fully implement the intent of Ka Hikitia, educators need to be committed to te ao Māori.  
The Ministry of Education plans to relaunch a further iteration of Ka Hikitia this year, supported by another initiative, Te Hurihanganui.  For this iteration to be successful, more effective implementation systems are required that will enable Māori students to enjoy and achieve educational success as Māori.

text: Investigating the understanding and implementation of Ka Hikitia, in a New Zealand primary school In New Zealand, the education system has underserved Māori learners for many years, with various factors contributing to this underperformance.  Many of these factors stem from racism and bias, conscious or unconscious, inherent in our system (Ministry of Education, 2019b).  Ka Hikitia Accelerating Success 2013 - 2017 (Ministry of Education, 2013a) set about to make transformative change in schools.  This research presents an investigation into the understanding and implementation of Ka Hikitia, in a New Zealand primary school.  
The research was guided by culturally responsive methodologies, bringing together both kaupapa Māori and critical theories (Berryman, 2013b).  Participants’ understandings and how these understandings transferred into their practice was determined through a case study.  The rich information generated within the case was analysed using grounded theory.  The main source of information came from interviewing the management team and teaching staff members.  As an insider/outsider researcher and also a participant, some of my information came from my own observations and knowledge of the school. Some attendance and achievement data held by the school also informed the case.  
The Office of the Auditor-General (2016b) contended that Ka Hikitia was a well-worded policy but, due to a lack of understanding of the policy in many schools, it was poorly implemented nationwide.  In this school, despite the good leadership and hard-working teachers, staff had difficulty fully understanding and therefore implementing the Ka Hikitia strategy as it was intended.  Strong relationships between teachers and students were evident throughout the study, however, stronger relationships were needed between the school and the wider Māori community.  The research shows that, despite the good intentions of the teachers, to fully implement the intent of Ka Hikitia, educators need to be committed to te ao Māori.  
The Ministry of Education plans to relaunch a further iteration of Ka Hikitia this year, supported by another initiative, Te Hurihanganui.  For this iteration to be successful, more effective implementation systems are required that will enable Māori students to enjoy and achieve educational success as Māori.

year: 2020