title: Creative restrictions in student filmmaking: the Lessons of Dogme 95

authors: Barrett, Kyle

abstract: How do we approach media education in the current political climate? How do we teach students the importance of critical thinking when examining the media? The rise of movements such as #Me Too and Time's Up make media one of the most important degrees to pursue. Students often have a romantic notion when approaching a media degree that they will soon become content producers that will propel them into the global fame stratosphere. However, when embarking on such a degree, they soon learn there's more to just pushing the record button on a camera. This does not make anyone a filmmaker. Critical thinking and creativity sparked by the confines of briefs, assessment criteria and quick deadlines help students develop their skills. You Tube superstars seem to be more their heroes than the greatest filmmakers in world. I often panic when students have never heard of the greats, such as Lynne Ramsay, Claire Denis, and David Lynch. Should I be looking more at the You Tube creators than anxiously awaiting their next masterpieces? I'm often hesitant to gravitate to the website but I often remind myself that You Tube is a fantastic platform for media: when used properly. And what I mean by that is as a cinema resource. How many lecturers get anxious when the film clip you need is conveniently uploaded on You Tube but then doesn't load properly during a lecture? You Tube shouldn't be ignored, it should be embraced as a website that hosts many wonderful introductions to the world of cinema.

text: Creative restrictions in student filmmaking: the Lessons of Dogme 95 How do we approach media education in the current political climate? How do we teach students the importance of critical thinking when examining the media? The rise of movements such as #Me Too and Time's Up make media one of the most important degrees to pursue. Students often have a romantic notion when approaching a media degree that they will soon become content producers that will propel them into the global fame stratosphere. However, when embarking on such a degree, they soon learn there's more to just pushing the record button on a camera. This does not make anyone a filmmaker. Critical thinking and creativity sparked by the confines of briefs, assessment criteria and quick deadlines help students develop their skills. You Tube superstars seem to be more their heroes than the greatest filmmakers in world. I often panic when students have never heard of the greats, such as Lynne Ramsay, Claire Denis, and David Lynch. Should I be looking more at the You Tube creators than anxiously awaiting their next masterpieces? I'm often hesitant to gravitate to the website but I often remind myself that You Tube is a fantastic platform for media: when used properly. And what I mean by that is as a cinema resource. How many lecturers get anxious when the film clip you need is conveniently uploaded on You Tube but then doesn't load properly during a lecture? You Tube shouldn't be ignored, it should be embraced as a website that hosts many wonderful introductions to the world of cinema.

year: 2018

title: Open-source tool for heat exchanger network synthesis

authors: Hall, Keegan

abstract: The synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HEN) is not a trivial task due to the mixed integer and non-linear nature of the optimisation problem, yet it can provide significant cost and energy use savings to an industrial processing site. Many HEN synthesis models are developed using propriety solvers, which make it difficult for industrial companies to realise the potential of optimisation. This paper introduces a new open-source tool for HEN synthesis built in Python using the GEKKO library, which interfaces with the solver APOPT. The tool features three different synthesis methods, two of which utilise a two-step method where step one aims to initialise or narrow the search space prior to global optimisation in the second synthesis step. A unique feature of this work compared to previous HEN synthesis studies is the application of a true driving force constraint, dQ/dA, (instead of the conventional, but at times crude, minimum approach temperature, ∆Tmin) to provide feasible initial variable values to the second step. To demonstrate the current progress in developing the open-source tool, network solutions obtained by the tool were purposefully compared with the best reported solutions for three common case studies in HEN synthesis literature. For a small problem, the tool achieved a solution within 0.02 % of the best literature solution and attained a solution for the two larger problems within 4 % and 21% of the best literature solution. Before the tool can be made publicly available, further work is needed to implement a non-isothermal mixing model across stream splits, which is expected to yield a more optimal HEN.

text: Open-source tool for heat exchanger network synthesis The synthesis of heat exchanger networks (HEN) is not a trivial task due to the mixed integer and non-linear nature of the optimisation problem, yet it can provide significant cost and energy use savings to an industrial processing site. Many HEN synthesis models are developed using propriety solvers, which make it difficult for industrial companies to realise the potential of optimisation. This paper introduces a new open-source tool for HEN synthesis built in Python using the GEKKO library, which interfaces with the solver APOPT. The tool features three different synthesis methods, two of which utilise a two-step method where step one aims to initialise or narrow the search space prior to global optimisation in the second synthesis step. A unique feature of this work compared to previous HEN synthesis studies is the application of a true driving force constraint, dQ/dA, (instead of the conventional, but at times crude, minimum approach temperature, ∆Tmin) to provide feasible initial variable values to the second step. To demonstrate the current progress in developing the open-source tool, network solutions obtained by the tool were purposefully compared with the best reported solutions for three common case studies in HEN synthesis literature. For a small problem, the tool achieved a solution within 0.02 % of the best literature solution and attained a solution for the two larger problems within 4 % and 21% of the best literature solution. Before the tool can be made publicly available, further work is needed to implement a non-isothermal mixing model across stream splits, which is expected to yield a more optimal HEN.

year: 2022-09-05

title: Tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises

authors: Wihongi, Helen Annette

subjects: tino rangatiratanga

abstract: The purpose of my doctoral research was to investigate tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises in Aotearoa. My research involved defining tino rangatiratanga and exploring the expression of tino rangatiratanga in health policy and practises. A kaupapa Māori analysis of the 1996 National Cervical Screening Programme’s Policy document was at the core of the policy investigation. The analysis involved developing a kaupapa Māori analysing framework and then analysing the 1996 National Cervical Screening Policy document for empirical and normative judgements at four discursive levels, health gains, health objectives, health goals and fundamental underlying values. A Kaupapa Māori research design drew on interdisciplinary scholarship on colonisation, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, community psychology, public policy, disability theory, feminist theory and discourse theory.

I argue that the dominance of Western cultural norms and state-directed policies were made possible by the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The signing of Te Tiriti saw Crown sovereignty being implemented and tino rangatiratanga ignored. The consequences for Māori have been disastrous with loss of land and economic base which has resulted in poor health status. I also argue that tino rangatiratanga has the potential to transform the social and political context that frame Aotearoa society. Such an approach raises a critical dilemma for the state as meaningful recognition of tino rangatiratanga requires waiving full and absolute sovereignty which currently resides in the state. Hence some scholars argue that tino rangatiratanga is a site for constructive engagement where state and Māori relationships can be renegotiated. The extent to which this potential for constructive engagement is being realised in however is inadequately explored in the scholarly literature. Exploring the relationships between tino rangatiratanga and health policies and practises as undertaken in my thesis will therefore contribute to scholarly knowledge on the subject.

The findings from the research show that tino rangatiratanga is indeed a complex, fluid, multi-faceted and context related concept. Within the context of my research, tino rangatiratanga is defined as Māori sovereignty, self determination, and positive Māori development. As a Māori value it is about mana and tapu of rangatira or leadership personified. Within policies, tino rangatiratanga has emerged through resistance and demonstration and is actualised through Tiriti legislation and policies.

The legitimation of tino rangatiratanga in cervical screening services sees Māori leadership at national, regional and local levels and Māori involvement through wide ranging consultation but the Crown still controls the policy process and therefore the outcomes. Most cervical screening services are still owned and operated by the Crown or Crown agencies.

One of the consequences of Crown control is that Māori women are still twice as likely to get cervical cancer and four times more likely to die from it. To some degree this may be the result of resource allocation and the result of discriminatory service practices but also the result of resistance to the procedure itself.

Tino rangatiratanga within cervical screening services could be strengthened through iwi ownership of some cervical screening register sites. At the time of my field work (2000) there were 14 sites, all owned and operated by Crown agents. Tino rangatiratanga could also be strengthened through funding criteria that ensure practitioners are safe to practise, through the adoption of less invasive procedures and through the legitimation of Māori healing practises such as rongoā and karakia.

Overall if tino rangatiratanga is to be given full effect within the policy domain Māori must have a well established asset base, they must be in control of the decision making making process including resource allocation, service delivery must address the diversities of Māori realities and Māori must be the recipients of policy decisions made.

text: Tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises The purpose of my doctoral research was to investigate tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises in Aotearoa. My research involved defining tino rangatiratanga and exploring the expression of tino rangatiratanga in health policy and practises. A kaupapa Māori analysis of the 1996 National Cervical Screening Programme’s Policy document was at the core of the policy investigation. The analysis involved developing a kaupapa Māori analysing framework and then analysing the 1996 National Cervical Screening Policy document for empirical and normative judgements at four discursive levels, health gains, health objectives, health goals and fundamental underlying values. A Kaupapa Māori research design drew on interdisciplinary scholarship on colonisation, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, community psychology, public policy, disability theory, feminist theory and discourse theory.

I argue that the dominance of Western cultural norms and state-directed policies were made possible by the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The signing of Te Tiriti saw Crown sovereignty being implemented and tino rangatiratanga ignored. The consequences for Māori have been disastrous with loss of land and economic base which has resulted in poor health status. I also argue that tino rangatiratanga has the potential to transform the social and political context that frame Aotearoa society. Such an approach raises a critical dilemma for the state as meaningful recognition of tino rangatiratanga requires waiving full and absolute sovereignty which currently resides in the state. Hence some scholars argue that tino rangatiratanga is a site for constructive engagement where state and Māori relationships can be renegotiated. The extent to which this potential for constructive engagement is being realised in however is inadequately explored in the scholarly literature. Exploring the relationships between tino rangatiratanga and health policies and practises as undertaken in my thesis will therefore contribute to scholarly knowledge on the subject.

The findings from the research show that tino rangatiratanga is indeed a complex, fluid, multi-faceted and context related concept. Within the context of my research, tino rangatiratanga is defined as Māori sovereignty, self determination, and positive Māori development. As a Māori value it is about mana and tapu of rangatira or leadership personified. Within policies, tino rangatiratanga has emerged through resistance and demonstration and is actualised through Tiriti legislation and policies.

The legitimation of tino rangatiratanga in cervical screening services sees Māori leadership at national, regional and local levels and Māori involvement through wide ranging consultation but the Crown still controls the policy process and therefore the outcomes. Most cervical screening services are still owned and operated by the Crown or Crown agencies.

One of the consequences of Crown control is that Māori women are still twice as likely to get cervical cancer and four times more likely to die from it. To some degree this may be the result of resource allocation and the result of discriminatory service practices but also the result of resistance to the procedure itself.

Tino rangatiratanga within cervical screening services could be strengthened through iwi ownership of some cervical screening register sites. At the time of my field work (2000) there were 14 sites, all owned and operated by Crown agents. Tino rangatiratanga could also be strengthened through funding criteria that ensure practitioners are safe to practise, through the adoption of less invasive procedures and through the legitimation of Māori healing practises such as rongoā and karakia.

Overall if tino rangatiratanga is to be given full effect within the policy domain Māori must have a well established asset base, they must be in control of the decision making making process including resource allocation, service delivery must address the diversities of Māori realities and Māori must be the recipients of policy decisions made.

year: 2010