title: Water column turbidity not sediment nutrient enrichment moderates microphytobenthic primary production

authors: Mangan, Stephanie

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Soft sediment intertidal habitats are under intense anthropogenic pressure resulting from increased land derived sediment and nutrient delivery. Long term, this can cause high water column turbidity and nutrient enrichment of sediment porewaters, which has cascading effects on coastal ecosystem functionality. However, how these stressors may interact and influence benthic productivity over alternating periods of submergence and emergence is largely unknown. This study investigates the effects of sediment nutrient enrichment (at three levels for 20 months) on benthic primary production at six sites in four New Zealand estuaries that spanned a gradient in water column turbidity. While nutrient enrichment had no detectable effect on microphytobenthic primary production, water column turbidity had a significant influence, explaining up to 40% of variability during tidal submergence, followed by temperature and sediment characteristics. In addition, negative net primary production (NPP) estimates and therefore net heterotrophy for the most turbid estuaries during tidal submergence resulted in an increased reliance on production during emerged periods, where NPP was positive across all sites. This study highlights the prominent role of water column turbidity over nutrient enrichment in moderating microphytobenthic production, and the increasing importance of emerged periods to maintain the health and functioning of coastal habitats.

text: Water column turbidity not sediment nutrient enrichment moderates microphytobenthic primary production Soft sediment intertidal habitats are under intense anthropogenic pressure resulting from increased land derived sediment and nutrient delivery. Long term, this can cause high water column turbidity and nutrient enrichment of sediment porewaters, which has cascading effects on coastal ecosystem functionality. However, how these stressors may interact and influence benthic productivity over alternating periods of submergence and emergence is largely unknown. This study investigates the effects of sediment nutrient enrichment (at three levels for 20 months) on benthic primary production at six sites in four New Zealand estuaries that spanned a gradient in water column turbidity. While nutrient enrichment had no detectable effect on microphytobenthic primary production, water column turbidity had a significant influence, explaining up to 40% of variability during tidal submergence, followed by temperature and sediment characteristics. In addition, negative net primary production (NPP) estimates and therefore net heterotrophy for the most turbid estuaries during tidal submergence resulted in an increased reliance on production during emerged periods, where NPP was positive across all sites. This study highlights the prominent role of water column turbidity over nutrient enrichment in moderating microphytobenthic production, and the increasing importance of emerged periods to maintain the health and functioning of coastal habitats.

year: 2020

title: Unit testing of Z specifications

authors: Utting, Mark

subjects: computer science

abstract: We propose a simple framework for validation unit testing of Z specifications, and illustrate this framework by testing the first few levels of a POSIX specification. The tests are written in standard Z, and are executable by the CZT animator, ZLive.

text: Unit testing of Z specifications We propose a simple framework for validation unit testing of Z specifications, and illustrate this framework by testing the first few levels of a POSIX specification. The tests are written in standard Z, and are executable by the CZT animator, ZLive.

year: 2008

title: Mā Te Wai - Ka Piki Ake Te Hauora

authors: Rollo, Te Manaaroha Pirihira

abstract: This paper researched traditional Māori forms of music therapy focusing on waiata¹ and taonga pūoro² . Linking cultures: collaborative partnerships in music therapy and related disciplines is the main objective of this research. In support, this paper examined past and current Māori practices that aim to heal and promote ‘well-being’ amongst people, thus resulting in linking the Māori culture and therapeutic values and practices in contemporary New Zealand

text: Mā Te Wai - Ka Piki Ake Te Hauora This paper researched traditional Māori forms of music therapy focusing on waiata¹ and taonga pūoro² . Linking cultures: collaborative partnerships in music therapy and related disciplines is the main objective of this research. In support, this paper examined past and current Māori practices that aim to heal and promote ‘well-being’ amongst people, thus resulting in linking the Māori culture and therapeutic values and practices in contemporary New Zealand

year: 2013-11-23