title: Assembling and enriching digital library collections

authors: Bainbridge, David

subjects: computer science

abstract: People who create digital libraries need to gather together the raw material, add metadata as necessary, and design and build new collections. This paper sets out the requirements for these tasks and describes a new tool that supports them interactively, making it easy for users to create their own collections from electronic files of all types. The process involves selecting documents for inclusion, coming up with a suitable metadata set, assigning metadata to each document or group of documents, designing the form of the collection in terms of document formats, searchable indexes, and browsing facilities, building the necessary indexes and data structures, and putting the collection in place for others to use. Moreover, different situations require different workflows, and the system must be flexible enough to cope with these demands. Although the tool is specific to the Greenstone digital library software, the underlying ideas should prove useful in more general contexts.

text: Assembling and enriching digital library collections People who create digital libraries need to gather together the raw material, add metadata as necessary, and design and build new collections. This paper sets out the requirements for these tasks and describes a new tool that supports them interactively, making it easy for users to create their own collections from electronic files of all types. The process involves selecting documents for inclusion, coming up with a suitable metadata set, assigning metadata to each document or group of documents, designing the form of the collection in terms of document formats, searchable indexes, and browsing facilities, building the necessary indexes and data structures, and putting the collection in place for others to use. Moreover, different situations require different workflows, and the system must be flexible enough to cope with these demands. Although the tool is specific to the Greenstone digital library software, the underlying ideas should prove useful in more general contexts.

year: 2003

title: Volcanic geology of the early Pleistocene ignimbrite succession in the western Papamoa Region, Bay of Plenty

authors: Namaliu, Miriam Darusila Mangon

abstract: Volcanic activity in the Tauranga Volcanic Center (TgaVC) occurred between 2.95 to 1.9 Ma, some of the eruptions were explosive and led to the distribution of ignimbrites of varying volumes across the western Bay of Plenty Region (Tauranga Basin), North Island. The Papamoa Formation forms part of the landscape in this area. This study was aimed at determining the volcanic history and processes involved in the distribution of the Papamoa Formation within the eastern Tauranga Basin.

Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical investigations were undertaken in the field and from samples within the study area. Field observations of the ignimbrites involved stratigraphic logging and lateral relationships, component measurements and lithological descriptions. Ignimbrite petrography was undertaken by optical microscopy. To determine the geochemical characteristics of the source magmas for the ignimbrites, the following analyses were conducted: electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on glass shards extracted from the ignimbrite matrices, glass from pumice, and on minerals in the pumice, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on whole pumice clasts and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on the same glass samples used for EMPA.

Five individual eruptions that led to the distribution of five ignimbrites have been identified within the ignimbrite succession of the Papamoa Formation: an early unnamed ignimbrite, followed by the Welcome Bay, Wharo, Arateka, and Otawera ignimbrites. The beige-brown, non-welded, pumice-rich, Welcome Bay Ignimbrite (2.4 Ma) is the most voluminous in the study area and also has an underlying pumice fall deposit. The dark brown to black, pumice-/fiamme-rich Wharo Ignimbrite (2.26 Ma, M. Prentice unpublished data, 2021) is the only moderate to densely welded ignimbrite. Both the Welcome Bay and Otawera ignimbrite contained black (andesitic-dacitic) and white (dacitic) pumice. The beige, non-welded Otawera Ignimbrite (2.21 Ma) is the least voluminous ignimbrite in the study area and comprises only white pumice. The beige-yellow brown Arateka ignimbrite is comprises of both the black and white pumice clasts. The unnamed Unit A ignimbrite, at the base of the succession has only one pumice population – grey pumice, but it is poorly exposed. All the ignimbrites are generally lithic poor. Petrographic analysis found that the main minerals occurring in the ignimbrites were: plagioclase, pyroxenes, hornblende and opaques. The main mineral in the black pumice was plagioclase and pyroxene. The white pumice, however, is mainly composed of plagioclase and hornblende. In terms of rock textures, the Welcome Bay Ignimbrite, Arateka Ignimbrite, Otawera Ignimbrite and Unit A-Unknown Ignimbrite had either a porphyritic or vitrophyric or a combination of both textures. The
Wharo Ignimbrite possessed a porphyritic and/or eutaxitic texture. Geochemical data showed that although the glass shards from each ignimbrite has a unique chemical composition, they were all rhyolitic. However, in terms of the two pumice types, the white pumice was dacitic while the black pumice was andesitic.

The presence of two pumice types (black and white) in the Welcome Bay, Wharo and Arateka Ignimbrites, supports the idea that the magma from which the ignimbrites were sourced, had a mixed andesitic to dacitic composition. The distribution and internal stratigraphy of the Papamoa Formation record a history of multiple ignimbrite-forming eruptions that were sourced locally, likely south of the study area; at least one ignimbrite (Welcome Bay Ignimbrite) was preceded by a sustained Plinian eruption column.

text: Volcanic geology of the early Pleistocene ignimbrite succession in the western Papamoa Region, Bay of Plenty Volcanic activity in the Tauranga Volcanic Center (TgaVC) occurred between 2.95 to 1.9 Ma, some of the eruptions were explosive and led to the distribution of ignimbrites of varying volumes across the western Bay of Plenty Region (Tauranga Basin), North Island. The Papamoa Formation forms part of the landscape in this area. This study was aimed at determining the volcanic history and processes involved in the distribution of the Papamoa Formation within the eastern Tauranga Basin.

Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical investigations were undertaken in the field and from samples within the study area. Field observations of the ignimbrites involved stratigraphic logging and lateral relationships, component measurements and lithological descriptions. Ignimbrite petrography was undertaken by optical microscopy. To determine the geochemical characteristics of the source magmas for the ignimbrites, the following analyses were conducted: electron microprobe analysis (EMPA) on glass shards extracted from the ignimbrite matrices, glass from pumice, and on minerals in the pumice, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) on whole pumice clasts and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) on the same glass samples used for EMPA.

Five individual eruptions that led to the distribution of five ignimbrites have been identified within the ignimbrite succession of the Papamoa Formation: an early unnamed ignimbrite, followed by the Welcome Bay, Wharo, Arateka, and Otawera ignimbrites. The beige-brown, non-welded, pumice-rich, Welcome Bay Ignimbrite (2.4 Ma) is the most voluminous in the study area and also has an underlying pumice fall deposit. The dark brown to black, pumice-/fiamme-rich Wharo Ignimbrite (2.26 Ma, M. Prentice unpublished data, 2021) is the only moderate to densely welded ignimbrite. Both the Welcome Bay and Otawera ignimbrite contained black (andesitic-dacitic) and white (dacitic) pumice. The beige, non-welded Otawera Ignimbrite (2.21 Ma) is the least voluminous ignimbrite in the study area and comprises only white pumice. The beige-yellow brown Arateka ignimbrite is comprises of both the black and white pumice clasts. The unnamed Unit A ignimbrite, at the base of the succession has only one pumice population – grey pumice, but it is poorly exposed. All the ignimbrites are generally lithic poor. Petrographic analysis found that the main minerals occurring in the ignimbrites were: plagioclase, pyroxenes, hornblende and opaques. The main mineral in the black pumice was plagioclase and pyroxene. The white pumice, however, is mainly composed of plagioclase and hornblende. In terms of rock textures, the Welcome Bay Ignimbrite, Arateka Ignimbrite, Otawera Ignimbrite and Unit A-Unknown Ignimbrite had either a porphyritic or vitrophyric or a combination of both textures. The
Wharo Ignimbrite possessed a porphyritic and/or eutaxitic texture. Geochemical data showed that although the glass shards from each ignimbrite has a unique chemical composition, they were all rhyolitic. However, in terms of the two pumice types, the white pumice was dacitic while the black pumice was andesitic.

The presence of two pumice types (black and white) in the Welcome Bay, Wharo and Arateka Ignimbrites, supports the idea that the magma from which the ignimbrites were sourced, had a mixed andesitic to dacitic composition. The distribution and internal stratigraphy of the Papamoa Formation record a history of multiple ignimbrite-forming eruptions that were sourced locally, likely south of the study area; at least one ignimbrite (Welcome Bay Ignimbrite) was preceded by a sustained Plinian eruption column.

year: 2021

title: Ārai Whakamōmori: An Exploration of Te Whakaruruhau’s Suicide Prevention Strategy

authors: Jones, Waikorihiata Georgina-Ann Marama

subjects: Te Whakaruruhau, suicide, suicide prevention, indigenous suicide prevention, women’s refuge.

abstract: Te Whakaruruhau, Waikato Women’s Refuge, have been able to achieve a suicide free environment for their clients for over 31 years. This research sought to understand how Te Whakaruruhau have been successful in preventing suicide for women and their partners. Intimate partner violence is closely associated with suicide risk, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and helplessness and hopelessness. Interviews were held with 11 staff using kaupapa Māori (principles/philosophies) methodologies of: kānohi kitea (greeting, meeting face to face), ako Māori (learning, teaching, reciprocity, cultural pedagogy) and manaaki ki te tangata (caring, hosting people). A thematic analysis provided four main themes: identifying safety and risk issues, prevention methods, following tīkanga, and training and supervision. Sub themes that supported and expanded on each main theme showed that staff interacted and cared for their clients using distinctly Māori worldviews and practices of tīkanga: manner of approach, mā te whakarongo and kōrero (listening and talking), awhi (support), redirecting the focus, and whakamana (to empower), to prevent suicide with their clients. As Te Whakaruruhau is founded on principles of kaupapa Māori, it was evident that staff responded to their clients using manaakitanga (to care for, show respect), aroha (show love, empathy and sympathy), awhi, both physical and emotional support, and whakawhanaungatanga (relationship). A concern for staff was the lack of resourcing to access appropriate training and supervision which they felt impacted on their ability to do their job well. The implications of this study are that more training, specifically around suicide awareness, and mentoring and guidance is needed for staff to continue to provide a suicide free space. Also, this research serves to guide the formation of an indigenous national suicide prevention strategy for clients who access refuges. Ultimately, the research is for families who experience disruptions to their lives through violence offering a pathway and place for them to recover and rebuild their lives.

text: Ārai Whakamōmori: An Exploration of Te Whakaruruhau’s Suicide Prevention Strategy Te Whakaruruhau, Waikato Women’s Refuge, have been able to achieve a suicide free environment for their clients for over 31 years. This research sought to understand how Te Whakaruruhau have been successful in preventing suicide for women and their partners. Intimate partner violence is closely associated with suicide risk, depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and helplessness and hopelessness. Interviews were held with 11 staff using kaupapa Māori (principles/philosophies) methodologies of: kānohi kitea (greeting, meeting face to face), ako Māori (learning, teaching, reciprocity, cultural pedagogy) and manaaki ki te tangata (caring, hosting people). A thematic analysis provided four main themes: identifying safety and risk issues, prevention methods, following tīkanga, and training and supervision. Sub themes that supported and expanded on each main theme showed that staff interacted and cared for their clients using distinctly Māori worldviews and practices of tīkanga: manner of approach, mā te whakarongo and kōrero (listening and talking), awhi (support), redirecting the focus, and whakamana (to empower), to prevent suicide with their clients. As Te Whakaruruhau is founded on principles of kaupapa Māori, it was evident that staff responded to their clients using manaakitanga (to care for, show respect), aroha (show love, empathy and sympathy), awhi, both physical and emotional support, and whakawhanaungatanga (relationship). A concern for staff was the lack of resourcing to access appropriate training and supervision which they felt impacted on their ability to do their job well. The implications of this study are that more training, specifically around suicide awareness, and mentoring and guidance is needed for staff to continue to provide a suicide free space. Also, this research serves to guide the formation of an indigenous national suicide prevention strategy for clients who access refuges. Ultimately, the research is for families who experience disruptions to their lives through violence offering a pathway and place for them to recover and rebuild their lives.

year: 2017