title: Melody transcription for interactive applications

authors: McNab, Rodger J.

subjects: computer science

abstract: A melody transcription system has been developed to support interactive music applications. The system accepts monophonic voice input ranging from F2 (87 HZ) to G5 (784 HZ) and tracks the frequency, displaying the result in common music notation. Notes are segmented using adaptive thresholds operating on the signal's amplitude; users are required to separate notes using a stop consonant. The frequency resolution of the system is ±4 cents. Frequencies are internally represented by their distance in cents above MIDI note 0 (8.176 Hz); this allows accurate musical pitch labeling when a note is slightly sharp or flat, and supports a simple method of dynamically adapting the system's tuning to the user's singing. The system was evaluated by transcribing 100 recorded melodies-10 tunes, each sung by 5 male and 5 female singers-comprising approximately 5000 notes. The test data was transcribed in 2.8% of recorded time. Transcription error was 11.4%, with incorrect note segmentation accounting for virtually all errors. Error rate was highly dependent on the singer, with one group of four singers having error rates ranging from 3% to 5%, error over the remaining 6 singers ranged from 11% to 23%.

text: Melody transcription for interactive applications A melody transcription system has been developed to support interactive music applications. The system accepts monophonic voice input ranging from F2 (87 HZ) to G5 (784 HZ) and tracks the frequency, displaying the result in common music notation. Notes are segmented using adaptive thresholds operating on the signal's amplitude; users are required to separate notes using a stop consonant. The frequency resolution of the system is ±4 cents. Frequencies are internally represented by their distance in cents above MIDI note 0 (8.176 Hz); this allows accurate musical pitch labeling when a note is slightly sharp or flat, and supports a simple method of dynamically adapting the system's tuning to the user's singing. The system was evaluated by transcribing 100 recorded melodies-10 tunes, each sung by 5 male and 5 female singers-comprising approximately 5000 notes. The test data was transcribed in 2.8% of recorded time. Transcription error was 11.4%, with incorrect note segmentation accounting for virtually all errors. Error rate was highly dependent on the singer, with one group of four singers having error rates ranging from 3% to 5%, error over the remaining 6 singers ranged from 11% to 23%.

year: 1996-12

title: Electromagnetic stirring using a travelling magnetic field

authors: Saad, Mohd. Noor Bin

abstract: Electromagnetic stirring of liquid metal is widely used during continuous casting in iron and steel industries to improve the quality of the products. In this thesis we aim to develop a theory for traveling linear stirrers in closed channels. 
We consider a channel filled with an incompressible, electrically conducting viscous fluid. A two dimensional multi Fourier-component magnetic field is moved along the channel. Induced currents in the fluid interact with the field to give a Lorentz force which drives fluid motion. When the magnetic Reynolds number is large the imposed magnetic field is changed significantly. 
In this study we consider uniformly-moving and accelerating fields. 
For the initial fluid motion due to a two Fourier-component source moving at a constant velocity, with Rm small, an analytical solution is derived. The LaxWendroff numerical scheme is used to calculate the flow until a steady state is reached. For effective stirring the width of the channel has to be less than the field wavelength. 
The problem of a solid conductor in a steadily-moving field at finite Rm is investigated next. It is shown that as the magnetic Reynolds number increases the flux inclines in the direction of the motion. In the study of the fluid flow at finite Rm it is shown that the narrower the channel the better and stronger will be the magnetic field's penetration. Most effective stirring occurs when magnetic Reynolds number is around 100. 
When the magnetic field is given a time-dependent velocity at large Rm we show that more eddies are created immediately after a velocity reversal. In the process, the layers of magnetic fieldlines on the boundaries incline in the opposite direction of the applied field. Simple harmonic motion of the field is also effective, and becomes more so as the frequency increases (at fixed wavelength) but at the expense of overall fluid velocity.

text: Electromagnetic stirring using a travelling magnetic field Electromagnetic stirring of liquid metal is widely used during continuous casting in iron and steel industries to improve the quality of the products. In this thesis we aim to develop a theory for traveling linear stirrers in closed channels. 
We consider a channel filled with an incompressible, electrically conducting viscous fluid. A two dimensional multi Fourier-component magnetic field is moved along the channel. Induced currents in the fluid interact with the field to give a Lorentz force which drives fluid motion. When the magnetic Reynolds number is large the imposed magnetic field is changed significantly. 
In this study we consider uniformly-moving and accelerating fields. 
For the initial fluid motion due to a two Fourier-component source moving at a constant velocity, with Rm small, an analytical solution is derived. The LaxWendroff numerical scheme is used to calculate the flow until a steady state is reached. For effective stirring the width of the channel has to be less than the field wavelength. 
The problem of a solid conductor in a steadily-moving field at finite Rm is investigated next. It is shown that as the magnetic Reynolds number increases the flux inclines in the direction of the motion. In the study of the fluid flow at finite Rm it is shown that the narrower the channel the better and stronger will be the magnetic field's penetration. Most effective stirring occurs when magnetic Reynolds number is around 100. 
When the magnetic field is given a time-dependent velocity at large Rm we show that more eddies are created immediately after a velocity reversal. In the process, the layers of magnetic fieldlines on the boundaries incline in the opposite direction of the applied field. Simple harmonic motion of the field is also effective, and becomes more so as the frequency increases (at fixed wavelength) but at the expense of overall fluid velocity.

year: 2004

title: From the rākau to the ngākau

authors: Derby, Melissa

subjects: research

abstract: The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) in Aotearoa New Zealand has funded 11 National Science Challenges (NSC), which aim to tackle a series of big questions affecting wellbeing in society. One Challenge, A Better Start: E Tipu E Rea, is investigating four key focus areas that children encounter in their early development and is seeking to identify the factors that contribute to forming a solid foundation for fostering wellbeing and lifelong success. Central to the principles of this Challenge is the Treaty of Waitangi in that the Treaty provides a framework to guide whānau engagement, policy change, and praxis. This article describes how a ‘ngākau’ rather than a ‘rākau’ approach to shaping research inquiry within this Challenge facilitates more authentic and mana-enhancing whānau engagement in research interactions (Macfarlane, 2019). The development of a whānau questionnaire is drawn on to illustrate the ngākau approach in practice.

text: From the rākau to the ngākau The Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) in Aotearoa New Zealand has funded 11 National Science Challenges (NSC), which aim to tackle a series of big questions affecting wellbeing in society. One Challenge, A Better Start: E Tipu E Rea, is investigating four key focus areas that children encounter in their early development and is seeking to identify the factors that contribute to forming a solid foundation for fostering wellbeing and lifelong success. Central to the principles of this Challenge is the Treaty of Waitangi in that the Treaty provides a framework to guide whānau engagement, policy change, and praxis. This article describes how a ‘ngākau’ rather than a ‘rākau’ approach to shaping research inquiry within this Challenge facilitates more authentic and mana-enhancing whānau engagement in research interactions (Macfarlane, 2019). The development of a whānau questionnaire is drawn on to illustrate the ngākau approach in practice.

year: 2021