title: Optimising energy recovery in hydrothermal liquefaction of radiata pine and Kraft mill black liquor

authors: Ong, Benjamin H.Y.

abstract: The aim of this paper is to develop a heat exchanger network for hydrothermal liquefaction that is co-located with an existing Kraft pulp mill. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) is an energy-intensive process that operates at high temperature and pressure. Process Modelling and Pinch Analysis are used to develop a mass and heat integration system considering Total Site Integration with the Kraft pulp. The HTL process is simulated using Aspen Plus to extract and calculate the thermodynamic properties of the process. Stream data is then extracted and Pinch Analysis is applied to calculate the utility and heat recovery targets. Process data are varied to further maximise the heat recovery targets. Mass integration of compatible water-based flows is considered in this process to reduce the complexity of the Heat Exchanger Network, which is initially designed with the aid of SuperTarget™. The result showed that the procedure simplified the Heat Exchanger Network from 15 to 6 heat exchangers.

text: Optimising energy recovery in hydrothermal liquefaction of radiata pine and Kraft mill black liquor The aim of this paper is to develop a heat exchanger network for hydrothermal liquefaction that is co-located with an existing Kraft pulp mill. Hydrothermal Liquefaction (HTL) is an energy-intensive process that operates at high temperature and pressure. Process Modelling and Pinch Analysis are used to develop a mass and heat integration system considering Total Site Integration with the Kraft pulp. The HTL process is simulated using Aspen Plus to extract and calculate the thermodynamic properties of the process. Stream data is then extracted and Pinch Analysis is applied to calculate the utility and heat recovery targets. Process data are varied to further maximise the heat recovery targets. Mass integration of compatible water-based flows is considered in this process to reduce the complexity of the Heat Exchanger Network, which is initially designed with the aid of SuperTarget™. The result showed that the procedure simplified the Heat Exchanger Network from 15 to 6 heat exchangers.

year: 2018

title: Editorial: Reclaiming the professional development agenda in an age of compliance

authors: Locke, Terry

subjects: curriculum reforms

abstract: This issue of the journal takes as is starting point a global context, which has seen certain powerful and pervasive discourses underpinning a raft of educational reforms in a number of educational settings, in particular the United Kingdom, USA, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. These reforms have, among other things, been characterised by a rhetoric of devolution accompanied, ironically, by an assertion by the state and other central agencies of control over the what (curriculum) and how (pedagogy) of teaching, often driven by a "standards" agenda. These changes have had an enormous impact on the nature of teachers' work through the implementation of managerial organisational practices and other accountability mechanisms. It can be argued that in such a context, professional development, in being yoked to a reform agenda, has become little more than induction into ideological compliance. This issue seeks to bring together the voices of educational researchers and reflective teachers who have investigated the changing nature of professional development across a range of educational settings.

text: Editorial: Reclaiming the professional development agenda in an age of compliance This issue of the journal takes as is starting point a global context, which has seen certain powerful and pervasive discourses underpinning a raft of educational reforms in a number of educational settings, in particular the United Kingdom, USA, Australia, Canada and New Zealand. These reforms have, among other things, been characterised by a rhetoric of devolution accompanied, ironically, by an assertion by the state and other central agencies of control over the what (curriculum) and how (pedagogy) of teaching, often driven by a "standards" agenda. These changes have had an enormous impact on the nature of teachers' work through the implementation of managerial organisational practices and other accountability mechanisms. It can be argued that in such a context, professional development, in being yoked to a reform agenda, has become little more than induction into ideological compliance. This issue seeks to bring together the voices of educational researchers and reflective teachers who have investigated the changing nature of professional development across a range of educational settings.

year: 2004

title: Issues in testing the proficiency of learners of indigenous languages: an example relating to young learners of Maori

authors: Crombie, Winifred

subjects: te reo Māori

abstract: In 1999 the New Zealand Ministry of Education commissioned the authors to develop and trial a Māori language proficiency test.  The test was to be appropriate for students in Year 5 of schooling (aged 9/10) who were being educated wholly, or in part, through the medium of Māori language.  In this paper, we discuss the development and trialling of that proficiency test, focusing on the problems we experienced as well as on the test itself and on the ways in which it can be further developed. We also consider the implications of this project for the development of proficiency tests for other indigenous languages.

text: Issues in testing the proficiency of learners of indigenous languages: an example relating to young learners of Maori In 1999 the New Zealand Ministry of Education commissioned the authors to develop and trial a Māori language proficiency test.  The test was to be appropriate for students in Year 5 of schooling (aged 9/10) who were being educated wholly, or in part, through the medium of Māori language.  In this paper, we discuss the development and trialling of that proficiency test, focusing on the problems we experienced as well as on the test itself and on the ways in which it can be further developed. We also consider the implications of this project for the development of proficiency tests for other indigenous languages.

year: 2000-10