title: Synthesis and characterisation of four- and eight-membered ring auralactam complexes

authors: Henderson, William

subjects: Gold

abstract: The reactions of the cyclo-aurated gold(III) dihalide complex [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe)-5}AuCl2] with N-cyanoacetylurethane [NCCH2C(O)NHCO2Et], 2-benzoylacetanilide [PhC(O)CH2C(O)NHPh] and acetoacetanilide [MeC(O)CH2C(O)NHPh], and [{C6H4 (CH2NMe2)-2}AuCl2] with acetoacetanilide in dichloromethane with excess silver(I) oxide gives the first examples of auralactam complexes, containing Au-NR-C(O)-CHR′ four-membered rings. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study on the complex [{C6H4 (CH2NMe2)-2}Au{NPhC(O)CH(COMe)}] reveals similar structural features to related metallalactam complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II). When a CDCl3 solution of the complex [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe)-5}Au{N(CO2Et)C(O)CHCN}] is allowed to stand for 18 h, a novel dimerisation reaction occurs, giving the insoluble product [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe) 5}Au{N(CO2Et)C(O)CHCN}]2 2CDCl3, characterised by an X-ray structure determination. The dimer contains an eight-membered Au-N-C(O)-C-Au-N-C(O)-C ring.

text: Synthesis and characterisation of four- and eight-membered ring auralactam complexes The reactions of the cyclo-aurated gold(III) dihalide complex [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe)-5}AuCl2] with N-cyanoacetylurethane [NCCH2C(O)NHCO2Et], 2-benzoylacetanilide [PhC(O)CH2C(O)NHPh] and acetoacetanilide [MeC(O)CH2C(O)NHPh], and [{C6H4 (CH2NMe2)-2}AuCl2] with acetoacetanilide in dichloromethane with excess silver(I) oxide gives the first examples of auralactam complexes, containing Au-NR-C(O)-CHR′ four-membered rings. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study on the complex [{C6H4 (CH2NMe2)-2}Au{NPhC(O)CH(COMe)}] reveals similar structural features to related metallalactam complexes of platinum(II) and palladium(II). When a CDCl3 solution of the complex [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe)-5}Au{N(CO2Et)C(O)CHCN}] is allowed to stand for 18 h, a novel dimerisation reaction occurs, giving the insoluble product [{C6H3 (CH2NMe2)-2-(OMe) 5}Au{N(CO2Et)C(O)CHCN}]2 2CDCl3, characterised by an X-ray structure determination. The dimer contains an eight-membered Au-N-C(O)-C-Au-N-C(O)-C ring.

year: 2001-02-01

title: Contract cheating and academic integrity in higher education: What can universities, governments and quality assurance agencies do to understand, prevent and respond to the challenge?

authors: Williamson, Myra Elsie Jane Bell

subjects: contract cheating

abstract: There is a global challenge to higher education posed by “contract cheating”. “Contract cheating” occurs when a student contracts a third party to create an assignment for them, and then the student submits it as their own work. Usually money changes hands, but not always. This particularly insidious form of cheating has been exacerbated by the commodification of higher education and the increasingly popular “sharing economy”. Contract cheating not only threatens the academic integrity of the individual student’s grades and their degree, it also raises suspicion about all the degrees awarded by an institution. Globally, universities have been struggling to combat contract cheating. This paper defines and describes the problem and then summarizes the findings of recent research and offers a comprehensive set of solutions. New Zealand was one of the first countries to criminalize contract cheating. A legal approach is a solution which every country needs to consider because it directly targets the commercial entities creating the product. A pedagogical approach requires universities to be proactive and there are many things which universities can do to manage the problem. A quality assurance approach can involve national quality assurance agencies working with government departments and tertiary education providers to conduct research and provide guidance to all universities. All three approaches are discussed here. This paper draws on recent research produced by accreditation agencies, individual researchers, and university organizations. It refers to contract cheating research in selected countries-especially New Zealand, Australia and the UK-to counteract contract cheating. The solutions proposed here will be of interest to all universities, quality assurance agencies and governments because contract cheating is a global problem which challenges the academic integrity of every higher education institution.

text: Contract cheating and academic integrity in higher education: What can universities, governments and quality assurance agencies do to understand, prevent and respond to the challenge? There is a global challenge to higher education posed by “contract cheating”. “Contract cheating” occurs when a student contracts a third party to create an assignment for them, and then the student submits it as their own work. Usually money changes hands, but not always. This particularly insidious form of cheating has been exacerbated by the commodification of higher education and the increasingly popular “sharing economy”. Contract cheating not only threatens the academic integrity of the individual student’s grades and their degree, it also raises suspicion about all the degrees awarded by an institution. Globally, universities have been struggling to combat contract cheating. This paper defines and describes the problem and then summarizes the findings of recent research and offers a comprehensive set of solutions. New Zealand was one of the first countries to criminalize contract cheating. A legal approach is a solution which every country needs to consider because it directly targets the commercial entities creating the product. A pedagogical approach requires universities to be proactive and there are many things which universities can do to manage the problem. A quality assurance approach can involve national quality assurance agencies working with government departments and tertiary education providers to conduct research and provide guidance to all universities. All three approaches are discussed here. This paper draws on recent research produced by accreditation agencies, individual researchers, and university organizations. It refers to contract cheating research in selected countries-especially New Zealand, Australia and the UK-to counteract contract cheating. The solutions proposed here will be of interest to all universities, quality assurance agencies and governments because contract cheating is a global problem which challenges the academic integrity of every higher education institution.

year: 2019

title: Indigenising the screen: Screenplay and critical analysis for The Prophet

authors: Bristowe, Joseph Curtis

subjects: indiginization

abstract: This thesis tests the hypothesis that it is possible to both decolonise and indigenise the New Zealand cinema screen. Secondary research reveals how those discourses that promoted roles and expectations for Māori within the New Zealand film industry were based principally upon historical colonial ideologies imposed by various means upon the native populous, and subsequently reproduced. These discourses of race, gender and religion perpetuate negative belief systems about Māori and contribute to the reproduction of stereotypical images of Māori, such as the irrational, naive, simpleminded and warlike Māori man, or the domesticated, lustful and sexually available Māori woman. 

Research by creative practice advances the project of decolonising the New Zealand screen through the writing of a feature length screenplay based on careful research and intimate cultural knowledge, and by working according to an appropriate kaupapa Māori framework. The resulting screenplay, The Prophet, brings to life the multitude of forces that coalesced to shape the life of 19th century Māori warrior and prophet, Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Tūruki. In his death, as in his life, he remains an enigmatic figure. In written accounts and in Pākehā memories he appears as a violent rebel, mass murderer and religious fanatic. This epic re-telling focuses on the character of Te Kooti, showing him to be a man who accomplished great feats in the face of injustice, adversity and hardship. 
A critical analysis of the screenplay reveals how I adopted a unique cross cultural writing approach drawing upon both the 'classic' western narrative structure as well as kaupapa Māori pūrākau oral tradition. I argue that this approach combines effectively to materialise strong anti-colonial perspectives aimed specifically at subverting long-held and dominant colonial discourses. Such an approach to scriptwriting rejects the tradition of being defined, constructed and represented through discourses that serve to promote the interests of the Pākehā majority and, in doing so, urges the utilisation of Māori philosophies, concepts and practices in the scriptwriting/film production process.

text: Indigenising the screen: Screenplay and critical analysis for The Prophet This thesis tests the hypothesis that it is possible to both decolonise and indigenise the New Zealand cinema screen. Secondary research reveals how those discourses that promoted roles and expectations for Māori within the New Zealand film industry were based principally upon historical colonial ideologies imposed by various means upon the native populous, and subsequently reproduced. These discourses of race, gender and religion perpetuate negative belief systems about Māori and contribute to the reproduction of stereotypical images of Māori, such as the irrational, naive, simpleminded and warlike Māori man, or the domesticated, lustful and sexually available Māori woman. 

Research by creative practice advances the project of decolonising the New Zealand screen through the writing of a feature length screenplay based on careful research and intimate cultural knowledge, and by working according to an appropriate kaupapa Māori framework. The resulting screenplay, The Prophet, brings to life the multitude of forces that coalesced to shape the life of 19th century Māori warrior and prophet, Te Kooti Arikirangi Te Tūruki. In his death, as in his life, he remains an enigmatic figure. In written accounts and in Pākehā memories he appears as a violent rebel, mass murderer and religious fanatic. This epic re-telling focuses on the character of Te Kooti, showing him to be a man who accomplished great feats in the face of injustice, adversity and hardship. 
A critical analysis of the screenplay reveals how I adopted a unique cross cultural writing approach drawing upon both the 'classic' western narrative structure as well as kaupapa Māori pūrākau oral tradition. I argue that this approach combines effectively to materialise strong anti-colonial perspectives aimed specifically at subverting long-held and dominant colonial discourses. Such an approach to scriptwriting rejects the tradition of being defined, constructed and represented through discourses that serve to promote the interests of the Pākehā majority and, in doing so, urges the utilisation of Māori philosophies, concepts and practices in the scriptwriting/film production process.

year: 2009