title: Recent research in learning technological concepts and processes

authors: Jones, Alister

subjects: technological concepts and processes

abstract: This paper examines recent research in student learning of technological concepts and processes. To explore this area three inter-related aspects are considered; existing concepts of technology, technological knowledge and processes. Different views of technology and technology education are reflected in both research outcomes and curriculum documents. Teacher and student perceptions of technology impact on the way in which technology is undertaken in the classroom. Teacher's perceptions of technology influence what they perceive as being important in learning of technology. student's perceptions of technology and technology education influence what knowledge and skills they operationalise in a technological task and hence affect student technological capability. Technological concepts and processes are often defined in different ways by particular groups. Subject subcultures are strongly held by both teachers and students. The influence of subject subcultures and communities of practice will be discussed in terms of defining and operationalising technological concepts and processes. Technological concepts are not consistently defined in the literature. For students to undertake technological activities, knowledge and processes cannot be divorced. Recent research highlights the problems when processes are emphasised over knowledge. This paper will examine different technological concepts in an attempt to create a critical balance between knowledge and process. Much of the literature in technology education has rightly emphasised definitions, curriculum issues, implementation and teacher training. This paper argues that it is now time to place a great emphasis on in-depth research on student understanding of technological concepts and processes and ways in which these can be enhanced.

text: Recent research in learning technological concepts and processes This paper examines recent research in student learning of technological concepts and processes. To explore this area three inter-related aspects are considered; existing concepts of technology, technological knowledge and processes. Different views of technology and technology education are reflected in both research outcomes and curriculum documents. Teacher and student perceptions of technology impact on the way in which technology is undertaken in the classroom. Teacher's perceptions of technology influence what they perceive as being important in learning of technology. student's perceptions of technology and technology education influence what knowledge and skills they operationalise in a technological task and hence affect student technological capability. Technological concepts and processes are often defined in different ways by particular groups. Subject subcultures are strongly held by both teachers and students. The influence of subject subcultures and communities of practice will be discussed in terms of defining and operationalising technological concepts and processes. Technological concepts are not consistently defined in the literature. For students to undertake technological activities, knowledge and processes cannot be divorced. Recent research highlights the problems when processes are emphasised over knowledge. This paper will examine different technological concepts in an attempt to create a critical balance between knowledge and process. Much of the literature in technology education has rightly emphasised definitions, curriculum issues, implementation and teacher training. This paper argues that it is now time to place a great emphasis on in-depth research on student understanding of technological concepts and processes and ways in which these can be enhanced.

year: 1997

title: A thesis on green finance

authors: Xu, Danyang

subjects: Green finance

abstract: In recent years, green finance has received considerable attention as a key tool for addressing climate change and achieving global sustainable development. It plays a critical role in driving the global transition to a green economy, achieving carbon neutrality targets and advancing environmental governance. This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the dynamic connectedness of green financial markets and their complex interactions with various types of risks, aiming to comprehensively understand their characteristics and behaviors under different market conditions. First, using advanced econometric techniques such as the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model and wavelet analysis, the study reveals the relationships between green financial markets and key driving risks, including financial and climate risks, in the time and frequency domain. Second, the thesis investigates the connectedness mechanisms between green bond markets in the United States and China and other financial markets. The analyses also reveal the intrinsic nature of the two major green bond markets. Finally, the thesis examines the dynamic relationships between key environmental, social, and governance (ESG) markets and other sources of uncertainty. 
The findings reveal that financial risks are the primary drivers of connectedness in green financial markets, with significant impacts on long-term return connectedness, whereas climate risks, particularly physical climate risks, have pronounced short-term effects on volatility connectedness. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the different roles of US and Chinese green bonds in responding to financial crises and geopolitical conflicts (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict). Green bonds in the US have demonstrated stable hedging capabilities, while Chinese green bonds have shown strong market resilience, driven by economic transition and policy support. The analysis of ESG investment markets shows that European markets dominate the global green financial system, characterized by high returns and strong risk mitigation capabilities, while ESG assets in emerging markets are more constrained by regional economic and policy environments. In addition, this thesis explores the potential of optimal portfolio strategies of green financial assets in risk diversification and asset allocation, with green bonds and ESG assets being particularly important in times of crisis. 
This work not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamic characteristics of green financial markets, but also provides practical insights for policymakers in designing effective green financial policies and for investors in optimizing asset allocation. By revealing the dynamic linkages of green financial markets, this study provides crucial empirical evidence and decision-making support for the sustainable development of global green financial markets. The findings of the thesis lay a solid foundation for future research on green finance and suggest novel solutions to address global climate change challenges and promote sustainable economic development.

text: A thesis on green finance In recent years, green finance has received considerable attention as a key tool for addressing climate change and achieving global sustainable development. It plays a critical role in driving the global transition to a green economy, achieving carbon neutrality targets and advancing environmental governance. This thesis provides an in-depth exploration of the dynamic connectedness of green financial markets and their complex interactions with various types of risks, aiming to comprehensively understand their characteristics and behaviors under different market conditions. First, using advanced econometric techniques such as the Time-Varying Parameter Vector Autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model and wavelet analysis, the study reveals the relationships between green financial markets and key driving risks, including financial and climate risks, in the time and frequency domain. Second, the thesis investigates the connectedness mechanisms between green bond markets in the United States and China and other financial markets. The analyses also reveal the intrinsic nature of the two major green bond markets. Finally, the thesis examines the dynamic relationships between key environmental, social, and governance (ESG) markets and other sources of uncertainty. 
The findings reveal that financial risks are the primary drivers of connectedness in green financial markets, with significant impacts on long-term return connectedness, whereas climate risks, particularly physical climate risks, have pronounced short-term effects on volatility connectedness. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the different roles of US and Chinese green bonds in responding to financial crises and geopolitical conflicts (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict). Green bonds in the US have demonstrated stable hedging capabilities, while Chinese green bonds have shown strong market resilience, driven by economic transition and policy support. The analysis of ESG investment markets shows that European markets dominate the global green financial system, characterized by high returns and strong risk mitigation capabilities, while ESG assets in emerging markets are more constrained by regional economic and policy environments. In addition, this thesis explores the potential of optimal portfolio strategies of green financial assets in risk diversification and asset allocation, with green bonds and ESG assets being particularly important in times of crisis. 
This work not only contributes to the theoretical understanding of the dynamic characteristics of green financial markets, but also provides practical insights for policymakers in designing effective green financial policies and for investors in optimizing asset allocation. By revealing the dynamic linkages of green financial markets, this study provides crucial empirical evidence and decision-making support for the sustainable development of global green financial markets. The findings of the thesis lay a solid foundation for future research on green finance and suggest novel solutions to address global climate change challenges and promote sustainable economic development.

year: 2025-06-09

title: Boat electrofishing survey of fish abundance in the Ohau Channel, Rotorua, in 2016

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

abstract: The aim of the survey was to provide on-going monitoring of the fish communities and abundance by boat electrofishing in the Ohau Channel, especially fish species that are taonga to Maori (tuna, or eels, morihana, or goldfish, and kōura, or freshwater crayfish). In the current study, we present the findings from the tenth year of sampling (2016) and a summary of previous surveys.

text: Boat electrofishing survey of fish abundance in the Ohau Channel, Rotorua, in 2016 The aim of the survey was to provide on-going monitoring of the fish communities and abundance by boat electrofishing in the Ohau Channel, especially fish species that are taonga to Maori (tuna, or eels, morihana, or goldfish, and kōura, or freshwater crayfish). In the current study, we present the findings from the tenth year of sampling (2016) and a summary of previous surveys.

year: 2017