title: Episodic, seasonal, and long term morphological changes of Coromandel beaches

authors: Wood, Andrew

subjects: storm

abstract: The Coromandel Peninsula was subject to subdivision and development primarily since the 1960's. Much of the development that has occurred now renders protection from the existing beach systems which have typically been altered by development. Coupled with huge populations during summer, the region is of national significance therefore an understanding of coastal impacts is paramount. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of beaches along the eastern Coromandel Peninsula from Whangapoua in the north to Whiritoa in the south provided results ranging from single storm events to decadal scale oscillations. Beach similarity was determined by measuring parameters such as beach length, beach connectivity to neighbouring beaches, aspect, and beach slope. The analysis of variability in beach face volumes was undertaken using an extensive beach profile database collected by R. Keith Smith, Ron Ovenden and a monitoring program maintained by Environment Waikato since 1978. The database had a higher-resolution sampling interval from 1996 until present (a maximum sampling frequency of approximately bimonthly).
Results showed that short term beach volume changes were explained by the beach classification devised from the Wright and Short (1984) model and available planform morphology data. Intermediate beaches overall had a greater range of variation, but had a higher frequency of low magnitude of change events. Reflective beaches had a higher frequency of large magnitude of change events and subsequently greater short term volume changes. Beaches adjacent to harbours and two outliers were identified which did not accord to the classification. The classification model maintained its applicability for seasonal scale beach response. Embayed beaches on the Coromandel Peninsula also exhibited beach rotation to varying degrees. Beaches with similar planform morphology showed similar long term beach rotation characteristics. A biennial oscillation related to the El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was evident as well as an interdecadal oscillation related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) was evident across the Peninsula. In particular, no beaches north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula showed a strong ENSO signal, and the strongest IPO response was on beaches north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula. The IPO appeared to enter a long term negative phase indicating decadal scale persistence of La Ni a events, therefore Coromandel beaches are likely to exhibit erosion dominant trends for the next 20 to 35 years.
Based on these results, 3 sediment transport and behavioural cells were defined, they were: beaches located north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula from Whangapoua to Otama with northerly orientations; Mercury Bay beaches including Opito Bay; and, easterly orientated beaches south of Mercury Bay.

text: Episodic, seasonal, and long term morphological changes of Coromandel beaches The Coromandel Peninsula was subject to subdivision and development primarily since the 1960's. Much of the development that has occurred now renders protection from the existing beach systems which have typically been altered by development. Coupled with huge populations during summer, the region is of national significance therefore an understanding of coastal impacts is paramount. Analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of beaches along the eastern Coromandel Peninsula from Whangapoua in the north to Whiritoa in the south provided results ranging from single storm events to decadal scale oscillations. Beach similarity was determined by measuring parameters such as beach length, beach connectivity to neighbouring beaches, aspect, and beach slope. The analysis of variability in beach face volumes was undertaken using an extensive beach profile database collected by R. Keith Smith, Ron Ovenden and a monitoring program maintained by Environment Waikato since 1978. The database had a higher-resolution sampling interval from 1996 until present (a maximum sampling frequency of approximately bimonthly).
Results showed that short term beach volume changes were explained by the beach classification devised from the Wright and Short (1984) model and available planform morphology data. Intermediate beaches overall had a greater range of variation, but had a higher frequency of low magnitude of change events. Reflective beaches had a higher frequency of large magnitude of change events and subsequently greater short term volume changes. Beaches adjacent to harbours and two outliers were identified which did not accord to the classification. The classification model maintained its applicability for seasonal scale beach response. Embayed beaches on the Coromandel Peninsula also exhibited beach rotation to varying degrees. Beaches with similar planform morphology showed similar long term beach rotation characteristics. A biennial oscillation related to the El Ni o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was evident as well as an interdecadal oscillation related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) was evident across the Peninsula. In particular, no beaches north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula showed a strong ENSO signal, and the strongest IPO response was on beaches north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula. The IPO appeared to enter a long term negative phase indicating decadal scale persistence of La Ni a events, therefore Coromandel beaches are likely to exhibit erosion dominant trends for the next 20 to 35 years.
Based on these results, 3 sediment transport and behavioural cells were defined, they were: beaches located north of the Kuaotunu Peninsula from Whangapoua to Otama with northerly orientations; Mercury Bay beaches including Opito Bay; and, easterly orientated beaches south of Mercury Bay.

year: 2010

title: New Zealand: Independent nation or acquiescent ally?

authors: Murray, C. J.

abstract: New Zealand is a small nation of predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture situated in a corner of the earth far distant from the land of its cultural forbears. Despite its distance from the centres of power during its relatively short life, New Zealand has been associated with the two greatest powers in the world in the past century and a half - first Britain, and during the latter half of the 20th century with the United States of America. With this strong association has gone the reflected glory of power and prestige that a great nation enjoys. New Zealanders have in the past felt that Britain’s glory was their own, and justifiably so, as they had contributed both economically and with military manpower to the maintenance of that power. 
In recent years, New Zealand has had to face the hard fact that Britain is no longer the power that she was. She can now only be classed as a middle-range power along with several others. And although New Zealand continues to be associated with one of the world’s two greatest powers at this time, the United States, the indications are that she also faces a diminishing relative power combined with a reluctance or inability to effectively use the power that she enjoys to maintain her position. New Zealand's emotional and cultural ties with America have never been as strong as with Britain - in fact there has probably always been a residue of anti-American feeling which arises largely out of the Americans’ boastfulness of their wealth, power and right to rule.

text: New Zealand: Independent nation or acquiescent ally? New Zealand is a small nation of predominantly Anglo-Saxon culture situated in a corner of the earth far distant from the land of its cultural forbears. Despite its distance from the centres of power during its relatively short life, New Zealand has been associated with the two greatest powers in the world in the past century and a half - first Britain, and during the latter half of the 20th century with the United States of America. With this strong association has gone the reflected glory of power and prestige that a great nation enjoys. New Zealanders have in the past felt that Britain’s glory was their own, and justifiably so, as they had contributed both economically and with military manpower to the maintenance of that power. 
In recent years, New Zealand has had to face the hard fact that Britain is no longer the power that she was. She can now only be classed as a middle-range power along with several others. And although New Zealand continues to be associated with one of the world’s two greatest powers at this time, the United States, the indications are that she also faces a diminishing relative power combined with a reluctance or inability to effectively use the power that she enjoys to maintain her position. New Zealand's emotional and cultural ties with America have never been as strong as with Britain - in fact there has probably always been a residue of anti-American feeling which arises largely out of the Americans’ boastfulness of their wealth, power and right to rule.

year: 1973

title: Ngā mahi: Kaupapa Māori outcomes and indicators kete

authors: Jefferies, Richard

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: As part of the Planning Under Cooperative Mandates research (PUCM) we developed a kaupapa Māori outcomes and indicators framework. This framework reflects tikanga Māori and Māori values. It also considers issues (including environmental issues) according to those tikanga that particular issues invoke. For example, tikanga brought into play in relation to council treatment and disposal of sewerage include tapu (sacred), and might also impact on the mauri (life-force) of water if treated effluent were to enter waterways.

The intention of our research has been to clarify and define key Māori environmental concepts so that stakeholders (including council staff) will have a terms of reference against which they can compare desired environmental outcomes from different perspectives and be better placed to integrate Māori environmental outcomes into planning processes. The end-point is this Nga Mahi kete report containing tikanga-based worksheets and the guidelines for using them.

text: Ngā mahi: Kaupapa Māori outcomes and indicators kete As part of the Planning Under Cooperative Mandates research (PUCM) we developed a kaupapa Māori outcomes and indicators framework. This framework reflects tikanga Māori and Māori values. It also considers issues (including environmental issues) according to those tikanga that particular issues invoke. For example, tikanga brought into play in relation to council treatment and disposal of sewerage include tapu (sacred), and might also impact on the mauri (life-force) of water if treated effluent were to enter waterways.

The intention of our research has been to clarify and define key Māori environmental concepts so that stakeholders (including council staff) will have a terms of reference against which they can compare desired environmental outcomes from different perspectives and be better placed to integrate Māori environmental outcomes into planning processes. The end-point is this Nga Mahi kete report containing tikanga-based worksheets and the guidelines for using them.

year: 2009-06-30