title: Law Enforcement Hack-back in New Zealand

authors: Koroniadis, Athanasios

subjects: hack-back

abstract: The Internet brings New Zealand closer to the world, but with this benefit comes increased dependency on its benefits of real time connectivity for individuals, organisations, and Government. The downside to this global communication is the increase in cyber-attacks and the ease a cyber-attacker has in hiding their true identity.
These digital crimes are costing the worldwide economy billions of dollars which has prompted Governments all around the world into taking measures to implement cyber security strategies. While these strategies are passive in nature, they are proving to be of limited effect in addressing these threats to a State economy.
In New Zealand the Minister of Communications in a press release in 2016, stated that “Cyber-crime cost the New Zealand economy $257 million”. Granted that the cyber-crime cost figure is a few years old, but, if compared to 2019, It would be fair to say that the cost of cybercrime to the New Zealand economy would be double the figure today, in the region of $500 million based on the exponential growth of the use of the Internet where 90 percent of New Zealanders are now using the Internet based on recent statistics provided by the Government.
This thesis focuses on legalising Law Enforcement hack-back, with recommendations on law reform to existing law, guidelines and safeguards for its implementation. Law Enforcement hack-back is effectively a form of a digital counterstrike against a cyber-attacker and with the use of traceback this allows Law Enforcement the ability to identify the true TCP/IP address used by the cyber-attacker, once Law Enforcement have identified who the hacker is, they can then be able to prosecute the cyber-attacker based on forensic evidence collected using hack-back.
Why is it important to legalise Law Enforcement hack-back? Referring to the current New Zealand Cyber Security Strategy for 2019 it makes the Governments position cristal clear “New Zealand must be ready to deter and respond to threats”.

text: Law Enforcement Hack-back in New Zealand The Internet brings New Zealand closer to the world, but with this benefit comes increased dependency on its benefits of real time connectivity for individuals, organisations, and Government. The downside to this global communication is the increase in cyber-attacks and the ease a cyber-attacker has in hiding their true identity.
These digital crimes are costing the worldwide economy billions of dollars which has prompted Governments all around the world into taking measures to implement cyber security strategies. While these strategies are passive in nature, they are proving to be of limited effect in addressing these threats to a State economy.
In New Zealand the Minister of Communications in a press release in 2016, stated that “Cyber-crime cost the New Zealand economy $257 million”. Granted that the cyber-crime cost figure is a few years old, but, if compared to 2019, It would be fair to say that the cost of cybercrime to the New Zealand economy would be double the figure today, in the region of $500 million based on the exponential growth of the use of the Internet where 90 percent of New Zealanders are now using the Internet based on recent statistics provided by the Government.
This thesis focuses on legalising Law Enforcement hack-back, with recommendations on law reform to existing law, guidelines and safeguards for its implementation. Law Enforcement hack-back is effectively a form of a digital counterstrike against a cyber-attacker and with the use of traceback this allows Law Enforcement the ability to identify the true TCP/IP address used by the cyber-attacker, once Law Enforcement have identified who the hacker is, they can then be able to prosecute the cyber-attacker based on forensic evidence collected using hack-back.
Why is it important to legalise Law Enforcement hack-back? Referring to the current New Zealand Cyber Security Strategy for 2019 it makes the Governments position cristal clear “New Zealand must be ready to deter and respond to threats”.

year: 2019

title: Sharing the Costs and Benefits of Energy and Resource Activity: a new book by SEERIL’s Academic Advisory Group

authors: Barrera-Hernández, Lila

subjects: energy and natural resources law

abstract: This article summarises research in the field of energy and natural resources law, on the subject of the sharing of costs and benefits between developer companies, governments and local communities. It addresses a new phase in the sharing of costs and benefits that is readily discerned in many countries worldwide, and which compels a shift in thinking that is centred more traditionally on environmental and resource royalty regimes.

text: Sharing the Costs and Benefits of Energy and Resource Activity: a new book by SEERIL’s Academic Advisory Group This article summarises research in the field of energy and natural resources law, on the subject of the sharing of costs and benefits between developer companies, governments and local communities. It addresses a new phase in the sharing of costs and benefits that is readily discerned in many countries worldwide, and which compels a shift in thinking that is centred more traditionally on environmental and resource royalty regimes.

year: 2017

title: Mana whenua, mana tangata: Raukawa ake, Raukawa iho

authors: Peni, Tamati

subjects: Raukawa

abstract: Mā te whakapapa, ngā tohu whenua, ngā pae whenua, ngā mātākōrero, ngā kōrero tuku iho, ka whakatere te takenga mai o ngā ariā me ngā mātāpono o Raukawa.  Ina te matapakinga, ka tīkaro hoki i ngā āhuatanga o tuawhakarere me ngā āhuatanga o te ao hurihuri kia tūhono i ngā matapakinga he aha rānei te Raukawatanga me te pātai he aha hoki ōna pānga ki te ao whai muri ake i te taunaha i ngā take Tiriti.  Nā te whānui rawa me te kaha tīni haere o te taiwhanga nei, ka whakawhāiti te rangahau ki ngā whakamautanga o Raukawa ki ngā pae whenua tawhito, ā, ka whītikihia te aronga ki nāianei, ki te ao hurihuri.

I seek to explore the ideological grounding of Raukawa through whakapapa, land marks, boundaries, oral history, and tradition.  Through this, a simultaneous extraction of traditional and contemporary themes are used to bridge new and old ways of being and what impact this has on being Raukawa in a post-settlement setting.  Because of the vastness and changing nature of this environment, I narrow my focus to how Raukawa maintained traditional boundaries and draw on its relevance to modern Raukawa development today.

text: Mana whenua, mana tangata: Raukawa ake, Raukawa iho Mā te whakapapa, ngā tohu whenua, ngā pae whenua, ngā mātākōrero, ngā kōrero tuku iho, ka whakatere te takenga mai o ngā ariā me ngā mātāpono o Raukawa.  Ina te matapakinga, ka tīkaro hoki i ngā āhuatanga o tuawhakarere me ngā āhuatanga o te ao hurihuri kia tūhono i ngā matapakinga he aha rānei te Raukawatanga me te pātai he aha hoki ōna pānga ki te ao whai muri ake i te taunaha i ngā take Tiriti.  Nā te whānui rawa me te kaha tīni haere o te taiwhanga nei, ka whakawhāiti te rangahau ki ngā whakamautanga o Raukawa ki ngā pae whenua tawhito, ā, ka whītikihia te aronga ki nāianei, ki te ao hurihuri.

I seek to explore the ideological grounding of Raukawa through whakapapa, land marks, boundaries, oral history, and tradition.  Through this, a simultaneous extraction of traditional and contemporary themes are used to bridge new and old ways of being and what impact this has on being Raukawa in a post-settlement setting.  Because of the vastness and changing nature of this environment, I narrow my focus to how Raukawa maintained traditional boundaries and draw on its relevance to modern Raukawa development today.

year: 2013