title: Editorial

authors: Clarkin-Phillips, Jeanette

abstract: As New Zealand contemplates wholesale review of the formal schooling system and the leadership implications thereof, the winds of educational change begin to swirl. Not the persistent, yet gentle flutter of change that evolves the educational landscape in almost imperceptible ways, but tumultuous paradigmatic gales that potentially change it beyond all recognition. Heralded by politicians, economists and capitalists, there is little doubt that the 1989 neoliberal tempest wrought havoc on notions of community and profession. The whirlwind shift from social democracy to market competition, managerialism and performativity saw critical voices silenced and educators disparagingly positioned as self-interested providers. In the rush to legislate Tomorrow’s Schools, 18,000 submissions remained unanalysed and therein lies a crucial lesson: we ignore research at our peril. As educators, we have a moral obligation to generate, disseminate and critique understandings of leadership, policy and practice; to remain open to counter perspectives; and to contribute positively and hopefully to research that empowers and emancipates. Consistent with JELPP’s commitment to honouring diversity in leadership focus, setting, and authorship, articles in this year’s general edition offer fresh insight into topics of interconnected and perennial importance: native knowledge, instructional leadership, indigenous teachers, appraisal, professional values, and safe schools.

text: Editorial As New Zealand contemplates wholesale review of the formal schooling system and the leadership implications thereof, the winds of educational change begin to swirl. Not the persistent, yet gentle flutter of change that evolves the educational landscape in almost imperceptible ways, but tumultuous paradigmatic gales that potentially change it beyond all recognition. Heralded by politicians, economists and capitalists, there is little doubt that the 1989 neoliberal tempest wrought havoc on notions of community and profession. The whirlwind shift from social democracy to market competition, managerialism and performativity saw critical voices silenced and educators disparagingly positioned as self-interested providers. In the rush to legislate Tomorrow’s Schools, 18,000 submissions remained unanalysed and therein lies a crucial lesson: we ignore research at our peril. As educators, we have a moral obligation to generate, disseminate and critique understandings of leadership, policy and practice; to remain open to counter perspectives; and to contribute positively and hopefully to research that empowers and emancipates. Consistent with JELPP’s commitment to honouring diversity in leadership focus, setting, and authorship, articles in this year’s general edition offer fresh insight into topics of interconnected and perennial importance: native knowledge, instructional leadership, indigenous teachers, appraisal, professional values, and safe schools.

year: 2019

title: Te Karauna Hou: the senior Ngati Rahiri rangatira

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Te Karauna Hou, the principal Ngati Rahiri rangatira living at Te Aroha in 1880, had a distinguished whakapapa linking him to several hapu. Before settling permanently at Te Aroha in the 1870s he lived in several places, especially at Kaitawa, on the southern outskirts of Thames. One of the principal rangatira in Hauraki, he was loyal to the Crown during the Waikato War, and later assisted Pakeha settlement. To emphasize his mana and that of his hapu, he held big festivities at Kaitawa and at Omahu pa at Te Aroha. 
In 1871, when Ngati Haua won a (temporary) victory in the land court over the ownership of the Aroha Block, Karauna took control of it on behalf of the Marutuahu confederation, and subsequently kept Ngati Haua at bay. For a time he opposed road-making on this block, but later agreed to it, for financial reasons. Like all rangatira, he sought to maximize his ownership of as many blocks of land as possible, sometimes having his lies exposed through his contradicting his earlier evidence. He also denied receiving money for land when his denials were easily disproved. Despite leasing and selling land, selling timber and gum, and opening his land to miners, he often struggled financially.  
Karauna claimed to have found gold in Hauraki in 1852, and was willing to open his land at Thames to miners, but did not invest in any claims before the Te Aroha rush, when he attempted to extract a bonus of £1,000 from the government for opening the field. After his death in 1885, Pakeha remembered with gratitude his friendly attitude to them, but they also remembered his drunkenness, which meant he lost the respect of both Maori and Pakeha in his latter years.

text: Te Karauna Hou: the senior Ngati Rahiri rangatira Te Karauna Hou, the principal Ngati Rahiri rangatira living at Te Aroha in 1880, had a distinguished whakapapa linking him to several hapu. Before settling permanently at Te Aroha in the 1870s he lived in several places, especially at Kaitawa, on the southern outskirts of Thames. One of the principal rangatira in Hauraki, he was loyal to the Crown during the Waikato War, and later assisted Pakeha settlement. To emphasize his mana and that of his hapu, he held big festivities at Kaitawa and at Omahu pa at Te Aroha. 
In 1871, when Ngati Haua won a (temporary) victory in the land court over the ownership of the Aroha Block, Karauna took control of it on behalf of the Marutuahu confederation, and subsequently kept Ngati Haua at bay. For a time he opposed road-making on this block, but later agreed to it, for financial reasons. Like all rangatira, he sought to maximize his ownership of as many blocks of land as possible, sometimes having his lies exposed through his contradicting his earlier evidence. He also denied receiving money for land when his denials were easily disproved. Despite leasing and selling land, selling timber and gum, and opening his land to miners, he often struggled financially.  
Karauna claimed to have found gold in Hauraki in 1852, and was willing to open his land at Thames to miners, but did not invest in any claims before the Te Aroha rush, when he attempted to extract a bonus of £1,000 from the government for opening the field. After his death in 1885, Pakeha remembered with gratitude his friendly attitude to them, but they also remembered his drunkenness, which meant he lost the respect of both Maori and Pakeha in his latter years.

year: 2016

title: Mutations of p53 gene and SV40 sequences in asbestos associated and non- asbestos-associated mesotheliomas

authors: Mayall, Frederick G.

subjects: mesothelioma

abstract: AIM: To examine mesotheliomas for a possible relation between p53 immunostaining, p53 gene mutation, simian virus 40 (SV40), and asbestos exposure. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 11 mesotheliomas were used for p53 immunostaining and also to extract DNA. This was analysed for the presence of mutations in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene using a "cold" single strand conformational polymorphism method, together with sequencing. The DNA from the paraffin sections was also used to search for SV40 sequences. A 105 base pair segment at the 3' of the SV40 large T antigen (Tag) was targeted and any PCR amplification products were sequenced to confirm that they were of SV40 origin. EDAX electron microscopic differential mineral fibre counts were performed on dried lung tissue at a specialist referral centre. RESULTS: The fibre counts showed that seven of the mesotheliomas were associated with abnormally high asbestos exposure. Of these, two showed p53 immunostaining, none showed p53 gene mutation, and five showed SV40. Of the four other mesotheliomas, three showed p53 immunostaining, one showed a (silent) p53 mutation, and none showed SV40. The difference in frequency of SV40 detection was significant at the p < 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Immunostaining for the p53 gene was relatively common but p53 mutations were rare in this series. SV40 virus sequence was detected in five of seven asbestos associated mesotheliomas but in none of the non-asbestos-associated mesotheliomas. This suggests there may be a synergistic interaction between asbestos and SV40 in human mesotheliomas. A study with a larger number of cases is needed to investigate these observations further.

text: Mutations of p53 gene and SV40 sequences in asbestos associated and non- asbestos-associated mesotheliomas AIM: To examine mesotheliomas for a possible relation between p53 immunostaining, p53 gene mutation, simian virus 40 (SV40), and asbestos exposure. METHODS: Paraffin sections from 11 mesotheliomas were used for p53 immunostaining and also to extract DNA. This was analysed for the presence of mutations in exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene using a "cold" single strand conformational polymorphism method, together with sequencing. The DNA from the paraffin sections was also used to search for SV40 sequences. A 105 base pair segment at the 3' of the SV40 large T antigen (Tag) was targeted and any PCR amplification products were sequenced to confirm that they were of SV40 origin. EDAX electron microscopic differential mineral fibre counts were performed on dried lung tissue at a specialist referral centre. RESULTS: The fibre counts showed that seven of the mesotheliomas were associated with abnormally high asbestos exposure. Of these, two showed p53 immunostaining, none showed p53 gene mutation, and five showed SV40. Of the four other mesotheliomas, three showed p53 immunostaining, one showed a (silent) p53 mutation, and none showed SV40. The difference in frequency of SV40 detection was significant at the p < 0.05 level. CONCLUSIONS: Immunostaining for the p53 gene was relatively common but p53 mutations were rare in this series. SV40 virus sequence was detected in five of seven asbestos associated mesotheliomas but in none of the non-asbestos-associated mesotheliomas. This suggests there may be a synergistic interaction between asbestos and SV40 in human mesotheliomas. A study with a larger number of cases is needed to investigate these observations further.

year: 2013