title: Evaporation from a raised peat bog

authors: Campbell, David I.

subjects: hydrology

abstract: Evaporation rates were measured for an oligotrophic raised peat bog dominated by the restionaceous rush Empodisma minus (Hook. f.) Johnson and Cutler in northern New Zealand.
Evaporation rates were smaller than those found for other wetlands, ranging between 0.06-0.16 mm h−1 during the daytime, and the average latent heat flux accounted for only 23% of net radiation. Daily average evaporation was only 34% of the Penman potential open water rate, yet the soil was permanently close to saturation.
Bowen ratios in the range 3-5 indicate that available energy is primarily partitioned into sensible heat by the dense plant canopy. Bowen ratios in this range are normally associated with semi-arid zone climates rather than with a permanently moist raised peat bog.
According to the Penman-Monteith model, the conservative evaporation regime at this site is due to a very large canopy resistance, with daily averages in the range 150-608 s m−1 when the canopy is dry. This large canopy resistance is probably the result of plant responses to a nutrient-poor environment, combined with the effect of an extremely dense canopy preventing the diffusion of water vapour from the moist peat substrate. 
Variations in canopy resistance behaviour are caused by variable degrees of canopy wetness for several days following rain. This behaviour poses difficulties for modelling evaporation in water balance studies, hence a simple scheme utilising the Penman potential open water evaporation is favoured.

text: Evaporation from a raised peat bog Evaporation rates were measured for an oligotrophic raised peat bog dominated by the restionaceous rush Empodisma minus (Hook. f.) Johnson and Cutler in northern New Zealand.
Evaporation rates were smaller than those found for other wetlands, ranging between 0.06-0.16 mm h−1 during the daytime, and the average latent heat flux accounted for only 23% of net radiation. Daily average evaporation was only 34% of the Penman potential open water rate, yet the soil was permanently close to saturation.
Bowen ratios in the range 3-5 indicate that available energy is primarily partitioned into sensible heat by the dense plant canopy. Bowen ratios in this range are normally associated with semi-arid zone climates rather than with a permanently moist raised peat bog.
According to the Penman-Monteith model, the conservative evaporation regime at this site is due to a very large canopy resistance, with daily averages in the range 150-608 s m−1 when the canopy is dry. This large canopy resistance is probably the result of plant responses to a nutrient-poor environment, combined with the effect of an extremely dense canopy preventing the diffusion of water vapour from the moist peat substrate. 
Variations in canopy resistance behaviour are caused by variable degrees of canopy wetness for several days following rain. This behaviour poses difficulties for modelling evaporation in water balance studies, hence a simple scheme utilising the Penman potential open water evaporation is favoured.

year: 1997-06-01

title: On square values of the product of the Euler totient and sum of divisors functions

authors: Broughan, Kevin A.

subjects: Euler function

abstract: If n is a positive integer such that ϕ(n)σ(n) = m² for some positive integer m, then m≤n. We put m = n - a and we study the positive integers a arising in this way.

text: On square values of the product of the Euler totient and sum of divisors functions If n is a positive integer such that ϕ(n)σ(n) = m² for some positive integer m, then m≤n. We put m = n - a and we study the positive integers a arising in this way.

year: 2012

title: Māori language procreation on social media

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

abstract: The Māori language has taken seed and grown on social media. This presentation will examine this presence, exploring the forms it has taken and the influence it is having. It will look at Facebook groups devoted to the Māori language and the birth of the 'Māhuru Māori' (Māori September) movement. It will consider the increasing use of the Māori language on Twitter especially Tweets around a 'kaupapa' (shared purpose). It will also report some anecdotal evidence regarding the use of the Māori language on SnapChat, WhatsApp, and Messenger.

text: Māori language procreation on social media The Māori language has taken seed and grown on social media. This presentation will examine this presence, exploring the forms it has taken and the influence it is having. It will look at Facebook groups devoted to the Māori language and the birth of the 'Māhuru Māori' (Māori September) movement. It will consider the increasing use of the Māori language on Twitter especially Tweets around a 'kaupapa' (shared purpose). It will also report some anecdotal evidence regarding the use of the Māori language on SnapChat, WhatsApp, and Messenger.

year: 2019