title: Cadmium accumulation in three contrasting New Zealand soils with the same phosphate fertilizer history

authors: Salmanzadeh, Mahdiyeh

subjects: cadmium accumulation

abstract: Cadmium (Cd) concentration in New Zealand (NZ) agricultural soils has increased due to phosphate fertilizer application, but it is not clear whether soils with different properties accumulate Cd at similar rates for given P loadings. Here, the distribution of Cd was measured in three soils: the well-drained Horotiu series (Orthic Allophanic Soil in NZ soil classification, Typic Hapludand in US soil taxonomy), poorly-drained Te Kowhai series (Orthic Gley Soil in NZ classification, Typic Humaquept in US soil taxonomy) and an intergrade between them, Bruntwood series (Impeded Allophanic Soil in NZ soil classification, Aquic Hapludand in US soil taxonomy). All three soils often occur in the same paddock with the same fertilizer history, but have differing drainage and mineralogical characteristics, permitting an assessment of the potential for varying accumulation/translocation of Cd in contrasting soil conditions. Thirty soil profiles from ten paddocks on a dairy farm near Hamilton, NZ, with a uniform fertilizer history were sampled to depth of 60 cm. The Cd concentration in topsoil (0–7.5 cm) samples (mean of 0.79 mg kg−1 ) was about 7–8 times greater than in deeper horizons (P b 0.001). No significant differences in Cd concentration or fractionation among the soil series were detected. Cluster analysis showed that Cd, phosphorus (P) and uranium (U) were highly correlated, consistent with a common source, most likely phosphate fertilizer. The absence of a difference in the Cd depth profiles in the three soils indicates that Cd was preferentially adsorbed to the topsoil and was not significantly mobilized by drainage in the soils. The lack of difference in Cd distribution between contrasting soil series supports the use of one Cd management system tool for all of these soils.

text: Cadmium accumulation in three contrasting New Zealand soils with the same phosphate fertilizer history Cadmium (Cd) concentration in New Zealand (NZ) agricultural soils has increased due to phosphate fertilizer application, but it is not clear whether soils with different properties accumulate Cd at similar rates for given P loadings. Here, the distribution of Cd was measured in three soils: the well-drained Horotiu series (Orthic Allophanic Soil in NZ soil classification, Typic Hapludand in US soil taxonomy), poorly-drained Te Kowhai series (Orthic Gley Soil in NZ classification, Typic Humaquept in US soil taxonomy) and an intergrade between them, Bruntwood series (Impeded Allophanic Soil in NZ soil classification, Aquic Hapludand in US soil taxonomy). All three soils often occur in the same paddock with the same fertilizer history, but have differing drainage and mineralogical characteristics, permitting an assessment of the potential for varying accumulation/translocation of Cd in contrasting soil conditions. Thirty soil profiles from ten paddocks on a dairy farm near Hamilton, NZ, with a uniform fertilizer history were sampled to depth of 60 cm. The Cd concentration in topsoil (0–7.5 cm) samples (mean of 0.79 mg kg−1 ) was about 7–8 times greater than in deeper horizons (P b 0.001). No significant differences in Cd concentration or fractionation among the soil series were detected. Cluster analysis showed that Cd, phosphorus (P) and uranium (U) were highly correlated, consistent with a common source, most likely phosphate fertilizer. The absence of a difference in the Cd depth profiles in the three soils indicates that Cd was preferentially adsorbed to the topsoil and was not significantly mobilized by drainage in the soils. The lack of difference in Cd distribution between contrasting soil series supports the use of one Cd management system tool for all of these soils.

year: 2016

title: Mo(ve)ments in the academic supervision relationship: Ethics in practice

authors: Kotzé, Elmarie

subjects: academic supervision

abstract: The context of the article is a supervisory relationship between an academic supervisor and a student-researcher and an ethic of risk within the research and supervision. Focus: The challenges for supervisor and student, and thus the supervisory relationship, and the strategies to move beyond the ethical dilemmas encountered in the research project, within an ethic of risk, form the focus of the article. Discussion: This article highlights the moments when a student counsellor/ researcher came to an impasse in transcribing and analysing data generated in an auto-ethnography, and the author, the academic supervisor's responses to these difficulties. The use of specific knowledge, skills and strategies in the supervisory relationship opened space for agency and movement within these moments of impasse. Text work and researcher identity work was facilitated through the use of particular listening skills and narrative therapy informed questions.

text: Mo(ve)ments in the academic supervision relationship: Ethics in practice The context of the article is a supervisory relationship between an academic supervisor and a student-researcher and an ethic of risk within the research and supervision. Focus: The challenges for supervisor and student, and thus the supervisory relationship, and the strategies to move beyond the ethical dilemmas encountered in the research project, within an ethic of risk, form the focus of the article. Discussion: This article highlights the moments when a student counsellor/ researcher came to an impasse in transcribing and analysing data generated in an auto-ethnography, and the author, the academic supervisor's responses to these difficulties. The use of specific knowledge, skills and strategies in the supervisory relationship opened space for agency and movement within these moments of impasse. Text work and researcher identity work was facilitated through the use of particular listening skills and narrative therapy informed questions.

year: 2013

title: Cultural Conversations in a Counselling Context

authors: Harkness, Jane

subjects: counselling

abstract: This research project focuses on counselling practice with Māori women who have engaged in counselling in relation to overcoming the effects of both historic and recent sexual abuse. The researcher / counsellor is pakeha. The counsellor / researcher, researches her practice and its possible effects through research interviews with three women. The project offers a reflection on her practice ethics and on what she learns from the women. In particular, she explores the intentions and effects of an orientation to counselling that includes offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity. She explores the effect of the counselling conversations where aspects of ethno-cultural identity have been included on the women‟s sense of identity. She explores what she draws on as a Pakeha counsellor when offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity. She also explores the effects of offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity for the work of counselling. The project shows the researcher‟s responses to the research meetings and the learning she takes to her ongoing counselling practice.

text: Cultural Conversations in a Counselling Context This research project focuses on counselling practice with Māori women who have engaged in counselling in relation to overcoming the effects of both historic and recent sexual abuse. The researcher / counsellor is pakeha. The counsellor / researcher, researches her practice and its possible effects through research interviews with three women. The project offers a reflection on her practice ethics and on what she learns from the women. In particular, she explores the intentions and effects of an orientation to counselling that includes offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity. She explores the effect of the counselling conversations where aspects of ethno-cultural identity have been included on the women‟s sense of identity. She explores what she draws on as a Pakeha counsellor when offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity. She also explores the effects of offering and taking up conversations about aspects of cultural identity for the work of counselling. The project shows the researcher‟s responses to the research meetings and the learning she takes to her ongoing counselling practice.

year: 2008