title: Eighteenth-century solo soprano cantatas: A study of Christoph Graupner’s (1683-1760) style and contribution to this genre

authors: Thomas, Amy Louise Kate

subjects: Graupner

abstract: The Baroque composer Christoph Graupner (1683-1760) worked as the Kapellmeister for the Hesse-Darmstadt court from 1709 to his death in 1760. A prolific composer of several genres of music, including operas, concertos, sinfonias and many other instrumental works, Graupner wrote over 1,400 sacred cantatas for use in the court chapel’s weekly services. In this study I will examine a small, but significant, segment of Graupner’s cantata oeuvre; the forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. The purpose of this study is to examine Graupner’s compositional techniques for these cantatas and to report on his progressive style, particularly in regards to stile galant. Using John White’s methodology, a detailed musical analysis of thirteen solo soprano cantatas is given in chapters two and three, along with broader structural and stylistic analysis of all forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. Chapter three also highlights the instrumentation of several solo soprano arias within selected SATB chorus cantatas. Chapter four considers the six sopranos employed during Graupner’s tenure and examines the tessitura and range of a selection of cantatas. Chapter four also investigates the role of the basso continuo in solo soprano cantatas and the influence of opera on Graupner’s cantata compositional style. Chapter five details the performative considerations for the thirteen solo soprano cantatas presented over four public recitals during this study. Performance methodology by Sarah Fuller, Brad Haseman, and Margaret Kartomi is employed in order to reflect on the aspects of both listening and performing the music of Graupner, in a modern twenty-first century setting.

text: Eighteenth-century solo soprano cantatas: A study of Christoph Graupner’s (1683-1760) style and contribution to this genre The Baroque composer Christoph Graupner (1683-1760) worked as the Kapellmeister for the Hesse-Darmstadt court from 1709 to his death in 1760. A prolific composer of several genres of music, including operas, concertos, sinfonias and many other instrumental works, Graupner wrote over 1,400 sacred cantatas for use in the court chapel’s weekly services. In this study I will examine a small, but significant, segment of Graupner’s cantata oeuvre; the forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. The purpose of this study is to examine Graupner’s compositional techniques for these cantatas and to report on his progressive style, particularly in regards to stile galant. Using John White’s methodology, a detailed musical analysis of thirteen solo soprano cantatas is given in chapters two and three, along with broader structural and stylistic analysis of all forty-eight solo soprano cantatas. Chapter three also highlights the instrumentation of several solo soprano arias within selected SATB chorus cantatas. Chapter four considers the six sopranos employed during Graupner’s tenure and examines the tessitura and range of a selection of cantatas. Chapter four also investigates the role of the basso continuo in solo soprano cantatas and the influence of opera on Graupner’s cantata compositional style. Chapter five details the performative considerations for the thirteen solo soprano cantatas presented over four public recitals during this study. Performance methodology by Sarah Fuller, Brad Haseman, and Margaret Kartomi is employed in order to reflect on the aspects of both listening and performing the music of Graupner, in a modern twenty-first century setting.

year: 2024

title: The nature of habitat

authors: Wallace, Philippa Jane

subjects: habitat

abstract: The protection of significant habitats of indigenous fauna is a matter recognised by the Resource Management Act 1991 as one of national importance. The aim of this article is to investigate the nature of the term habitat as applied by the RMA. The context of the enquiry is the natural and physical environment of New Zealand, with a particular focus on habitats of avian fauna. A central question raised by the research, is whether or not air space used by birds can be considered habitat in terms of s 6(c) of the RMA. This issue is of contemporary importance, due to the advent of wind farms to the New Zealand environment. The compass of the term habitat has yet to receive full scrutiny by New Zealand courts and it is timely to give consideration to the nature of habitat. International approaches to habitat are also examined. The article concludes that where a regime such as the RMA prioritises habitat protection as a national goal, a lesser result for indigenous avian species will be achieved, if areas of air space expertly identified as significant to the survival of the species, cannot be defined as constituting significant habitat within the meaning of s 6(c).

text: The nature of habitat The protection of significant habitats of indigenous fauna is a matter recognised by the Resource Management Act 1991 as one of national importance. The aim of this article is to investigate the nature of the term habitat as applied by the RMA. The context of the enquiry is the natural and physical environment of New Zealand, with a particular focus on habitats of avian fauna. A central question raised by the research, is whether or not air space used by birds can be considered habitat in terms of s 6(c) of the RMA. This issue is of contemporary importance, due to the advent of wind farms to the New Zealand environment. The compass of the term habitat has yet to receive full scrutiny by New Zealand courts and it is timely to give consideration to the nature of habitat. International approaches to habitat are also examined. The article concludes that where a regime such as the RMA prioritises habitat protection as a national goal, a lesser result for indigenous avian species will be achieved, if areas of air space expertly identified as significant to the survival of the species, cannot be defined as constituting significant habitat within the meaning of s 6(c).

year: 2007

title: The Effects of Contaminated Rena Sediments on Juvenile Paua (Haliotis iris)

authors: McSweeney, Caleb S.

subjects: contamiant

abstract: The grounding of the MV Rena on Otaiti resulted in the release of heavy fuel oil and container debris contaminants into the surrounding environments including the rocky shores of the adjacent Mōtītī Island. This is the habitat where significant populations of benthic paua reside. Paua (Haliotis iris) are a staple and consistent food source for Mōtītī Island. Being an offshore island with no amenities, Mōtītī Island residents are reliant on the ocean as a pataka kai (food cupboard) and are therefore acutely aware of environmental influences to the harvest of kaimoana.
This thesis aimed to address concerns relating to the effects of contaminated boundary layer water emanating from contaminated ‘Rena’ sediment on juvenile paua. Research was focused in two areas: 1) the sublethal behavioural effects of contaminated Rena sediment to Paua and 2) the accumulation of trace metals in the edible tissue and viscera mass. The experiments were carried out with the use of a close circuit aquaria in a laboratory environment, followed by a field experiment.
In all experiments, paua in control treatments were healthy by comparison to paua exposed to treatments with Rena contaminated sediments and copper as judged by survivorship and behaviour. The most likely cause of of behavioural aberrations and mortality observed was deemed to be copper as demonstrated by Diffusive Gradient in thin film (DGT) and ambient water analyses in both experiments. Copper that is bioavailable can increase quickly in the edible tissue and viscera mass as was identified as the visceral mass of Rena and copper exposed paua had a higher mean concentration of this and other trace metals.
On Otaiti, the effects to paua from the Rena ship wreck and lost container contents, know to include a medly of metals and other contaminants, is not likely to be limited to copper alone. Results demosntrate the relevance of examining the effects of water borne contaminated plumes emanating from complex mixtures of contaminants. This is rarely done in ecotoxicological studies which tend to focus on individual contaminant compounds.

text: The Effects of Contaminated Rena Sediments on Juvenile Paua (Haliotis iris) The grounding of the MV Rena on Otaiti resulted in the release of heavy fuel oil and container debris contaminants into the surrounding environments including the rocky shores of the adjacent Mōtītī Island. This is the habitat where significant populations of benthic paua reside. Paua (Haliotis iris) are a staple and consistent food source for Mōtītī Island. Being an offshore island with no amenities, Mōtītī Island residents are reliant on the ocean as a pataka kai (food cupboard) and are therefore acutely aware of environmental influences to the harvest of kaimoana.
This thesis aimed to address concerns relating to the effects of contaminated boundary layer water emanating from contaminated ‘Rena’ sediment on juvenile paua. Research was focused in two areas: 1) the sublethal behavioural effects of contaminated Rena sediment to Paua and 2) the accumulation of trace metals in the edible tissue and viscera mass. The experiments were carried out with the use of a close circuit aquaria in a laboratory environment, followed by a field experiment.
In all experiments, paua in control treatments were healthy by comparison to paua exposed to treatments with Rena contaminated sediments and copper as judged by survivorship and behaviour. The most likely cause of of behavioural aberrations and mortality observed was deemed to be copper as demonstrated by Diffusive Gradient in thin film (DGT) and ambient water analyses in both experiments. Copper that is bioavailable can increase quickly in the edible tissue and viscera mass as was identified as the visceral mass of Rena and copper exposed paua had a higher mean concentration of this and other trace metals.
On Otaiti, the effects to paua from the Rena ship wreck and lost container contents, know to include a medly of metals and other contaminants, is not likely to be limited to copper alone. Results demosntrate the relevance of examining the effects of water borne contaminated plumes emanating from complex mixtures of contaminants. This is rarely done in ecotoxicological studies which tend to focus on individual contaminant compounds.

year: 2015