title: Embracing uncertainty: Informing decisions on flood risk and land use planning in a changing climate

authors: Hanna, Christina Jane

abstract: To increase resilience, decisionmakers must embrace uncertainty by shifting from static planning to adaptive strategies incorporate scenarios, national equitable multiple that future support consistent policy, access and ensure to and understanding of evolving flood risk information.

text: Embracing uncertainty: Informing decisions on flood risk and land use planning in a changing climate To increase resilience, decisionmakers must embrace uncertainty by shifting from static planning to adaptive strategies incorporate scenarios, national equitable multiple that future support consistent policy, access and ensure to and understanding of evolving flood risk information.

year: 2025

title: Use of lag schedules to increase play variability across settings for a preschool child with Autism

authors: de Koster, Anna Elizabeth

subjects: Autism

abstract: The importance of play is becoming increasingly evident in the holistic development of young children.  Play develops effortlessly in typically developing children, but in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), play needs to be taught explicitly.  Children with autism have limited play variability and often display rigid and repetitive play behaviours, which negatively impact their social functioning and language development.  Play in autism is a really important target behaviour.  Teaching play can improve exposure to learning opportunities, social interactions and increase access to reinforcement, which in turn will improve language acquisition and communication skills.  The primary objective of this study was to determine how lag schedules of reinforcement can increase the play variability of a boy, aged three, with limited play and social skills.  A multiple probe design with a changing criterion design was used across three different play settings: wooden figurine and a doll’s house, water play and a fire station play set.  Results showed that lag schedules were sufficient to increase the play variability for the participant across all three settings.  Generalisation was seen to occur during normal play sessions across various play settings in the early childhood centre, with increases in peer interaction.  The current study provides empirical evidence that supports the use of lag schedule of reinforcement to increase the average play variability in children with ASD.

text: Use of lag schedules to increase play variability across settings for a preschool child with Autism The importance of play is becoming increasingly evident in the holistic development of young children.  Play develops effortlessly in typically developing children, but in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), play needs to be taught explicitly.  Children with autism have limited play variability and often display rigid and repetitive play behaviours, which negatively impact their social functioning and language development.  Play in autism is a really important target behaviour.  Teaching play can improve exposure to learning opportunities, social interactions and increase access to reinforcement, which in turn will improve language acquisition and communication skills.  The primary objective of this study was to determine how lag schedules of reinforcement can increase the play variability of a boy, aged three, with limited play and social skills.  A multiple probe design with a changing criterion design was used across three different play settings: wooden figurine and a doll’s house, water play and a fire station play set.  Results showed that lag schedules were sufficient to increase the play variability for the participant across all three settings.  Generalisation was seen to occur during normal play sessions across various play settings in the early childhood centre, with increases in peer interaction.  The current study provides empirical evidence that supports the use of lag schedule of reinforcement to increase the average play variability in children with ASD.

year: 2022

title: Piahana Hou: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Piahana Hou, as the half-brother of Karauna Hou, had an illustrious ancestry, but to Pakeha he was known as, briefly, the skipper of a river steamer and, for most of his life, as a labourer. His interests in several blocks of land enabled him to obtain money through selling some of his holdings, but he never became prosperous. He had minimal involvement in mining at Te Aroha.
Piahana came to prominence not as a rangatira but as a drunk, who was even involved in a bar fight at Te Aroha. Despite this weakness, his high status meant that hundreds attended his splendid tangi. Unlike some other rangatira, he did not use his status to play an important role in either Maori or Pakeha society.

text: Piahana Hou: a Ngati Rahiri rangatira Piahana Hou, as the half-brother of Karauna Hou, had an illustrious ancestry, but to Pakeha he was known as, briefly, the skipper of a river steamer and, for most of his life, as a labourer. His interests in several blocks of land enabled him to obtain money through selling some of his holdings, but he never became prosperous. He had minimal involvement in mining at Te Aroha.
Piahana came to prominence not as a rangatira but as a drunk, who was even involved in a bar fight at Te Aroha. Despite this weakness, his high status meant that hundreds attended his splendid tangi. Unlike some other rangatira, he did not use his status to play an important role in either Maori or Pakeha society.

year: 2016