title: The Critical Juncture in Aotearoa New Zealand and The Collective Future: Policy Issues in Settler/Invader Colonial Zombiism Found in “Biculturalism”

authors: Simon, Hemopereki

abstract: This theoretical Kaupapa Māori writing inquiry study seeks to explore the settler colonial nature of Aotearoa New Zealand. The research finds that biculturalism, as a neo-liberal and settler-colonial construct does not provide for either tino rangatiratanga or mana motuhake. Indeed, biculturalism fails to provide for indigenous inclusion and actively suppresses the recognition of mana motuhake. Biculturalism is found to fit Beck’s definition of Zombie Concepts. These are social concepts that are dead and yet kept alive in their use by scholars and society to describe the growing fiction of traditional social institutions and in being kept alive maintain, in this case, settler colonial and colonial power structures. The main argument is that Biculturalism is neoliberal and settler colonial public discourse, that needs to be unpacked and then discarded because it does not provide for tino rangatiranga or mana motuhake.

text: The Critical Juncture in Aotearoa New Zealand and The Collective Future: Policy Issues in Settler/Invader Colonial Zombiism Found in “Biculturalism” This theoretical Kaupapa Māori writing inquiry study seeks to explore the settler colonial nature of Aotearoa New Zealand. The research finds that biculturalism, as a neo-liberal and settler-colonial construct does not provide for either tino rangatiratanga or mana motuhake. Indeed, biculturalism fails to provide for indigenous inclusion and actively suppresses the recognition of mana motuhake. Biculturalism is found to fit Beck’s definition of Zombie Concepts. These are social concepts that are dead and yet kept alive in their use by scholars and society to describe the growing fiction of traditional social institutions and in being kept alive maintain, in this case, settler colonial and colonial power structures. The main argument is that Biculturalism is neoliberal and settler colonial public discourse, that needs to be unpacked and then discarded because it does not provide for tino rangatiranga or mana motuhake.

year: 2022

title: Na Tarimo i whakaari... Ko Rangiwewehi te iwi

authors: Flavell, James William Ben

abstract: Ko ngā kōrero e whai ake nei, he mea kohikohi, he mea tuku mai ki ahau mō te iwi e kiia nei, ko Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Ko te rohe ki te taha raki o te Rotorua-nui-ā-kahumatamomoe to tūrangawaewae, otirā the rohe takahi o te iwi nei, i ngā rā o mua, nā, ahakoa he nui te whenua kua ngaro atu, kei konei tonu te papa kāinga mō tēnei karangatanga o Te Arawa waka, kei konei hoki tōna mauri, tōna mana, tōna wehi.
Ko Ngāti Rangiwehei i ēnei rā, e rite tonu ana ki te tōtara nui. I tipu ake tēnei tōtara i te kākano i ruia i Rangiātea arā, i Hawaiki, i mānu mai ki Aotearoa nei, i puāwai mai, ā, kei te tipu tonu, kei te tuipu tonu.
Nā, kei roto i tēnei rākau, ko ngā kōrero katoa mō te iwi nei, arā ko ngā whakapapa, ko ngā waiata ko ngā karakia, ko ngā pakiwaitara otirā ko ngā āhuatanga katoa e pā ana ki te iwi. Kei konei hoki ko te ira o te tangata e mau nei i ēnei āhuatanga nei.
Ka tae ki te ngahuru, ka heke iho ngā rau rākau ka pirau, ka ngaro. Pēnei i te rākau nei, te hinga te tangata, ka kapohia e te ringa o Aituā, ā, ka ngaro. Ēhara i te mea ko te mauri o te tangata anake te mea e ngaro nei, ēngari, ko ōna mātauranga katoa hoki.
Nā, matemate noa atu ngā koroua me ngākuia e mōhio tūturu ana ki ngā kōrero hōhonu tuku iho a Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Nō reira, ko tāku mahi, he kohi i ēnei kōrero, i mua i te ngaronga tonutanga o ngā kaumātua e ora ana, nei ngaro.
Kua kohia nei e au ngā kōrero katoa ahakoa Māori ahakoa Pākehā, kia kitea ai, kia mārama ake ai ngā momo āhuatanga o tōku iwi.
Ēhara tēnei i te me ngāwari, nō te mea, ko tēnei mea te mātaranga ahakoa he whakapapa rānei, he pakiwaitara rānei, he mea tino tapu ki te Māori, i te ao tawhito, ā, kei te pērā anō hoki i ēnei rā. Kua oti te tārai te tāhū o tēnei tuhituhinga e kore a taea te whakatārewa tēnei tāhū mehemea kāore, ōna pou kāore ōna here e tika ana. Otirā e kore e tū te whare kōreo, te tāhū whakaringa kōereo, mehemea kāore ōna kaupapa whenua, tangata, tae atu ki a Papatūānuku. Nō reira, koia tēnei ka tātaihia ake ngā kupu kōreroa muri ake nei, kia tutuki ai ngā tūmanako ngā wawata, a ngā whakatipuranga, mai, mai, mai i te pō ki ngā kaikōrero me te kaituhi.
E ai ki te iwi, ko Rangiwewehi te tipuna o tēnei iwi te tamaiti a Tawakeheimoa rāua ko Te Aongahoro.
Nā te mea, he karangatanga a Ngāti Rangiwewehi nō Te Arawa waka i hoki atu ai au ki ngā kōrero mō tēnei waka tapu. Tae rawa mai tēnei waka ki tēnei whenua, ka horapa hāere ngā tāngata i te mata o te whenua. I tōna wā, i tae atu ngā tīpuna ke Te Awahou awa, otirā ki te taha raki o Rotorua moana. Mai i taua wā, ka tīmata ngā āhuatanga katoa e pā ana ki tēnei iwi.
Nā, ēhara tēnei tuhinga i te pukapuka hei whakaatu i te tūturutanga o ngā kōrero katoa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, mā Ngāti Rangiwewehi hei whai atu, ēngari he kōrero kua kohia nei e au i ngā rangatira, i ngā tohunga, i ngā tāngata mōhio, i ngā whāea, i ngā kaumātua me ngā pukapuka a ngā Māori me ngā Pākehā.
He pūtake kōrero noa iho tēnei mō Ngāti Rangiwewehi he tohu whakamaharatanga hoki ki ngā tīpuna, ki ngā mātua kua wehe atu nei ki te pō.

text: Na Tarimo i whakaari... Ko Rangiwewehi te iwi Ko ngā kōrero e whai ake nei, he mea kohikohi, he mea tuku mai ki ahau mō te iwi e kiia nei, ko Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Ko te rohe ki te taha raki o te Rotorua-nui-ā-kahumatamomoe to tūrangawaewae, otirā the rohe takahi o te iwi nei, i ngā rā o mua, nā, ahakoa he nui te whenua kua ngaro atu, kei konei tonu te papa kāinga mō tēnei karangatanga o Te Arawa waka, kei konei hoki tōna mauri, tōna mana, tōna wehi.
Ko Ngāti Rangiwehei i ēnei rā, e rite tonu ana ki te tōtara nui. I tipu ake tēnei tōtara i te kākano i ruia i Rangiātea arā, i Hawaiki, i mānu mai ki Aotearoa nei, i puāwai mai, ā, kei te tipu tonu, kei te tuipu tonu.
Nā, kei roto i tēnei rākau, ko ngā kōrero katoa mō te iwi nei, arā ko ngā whakapapa, ko ngā waiata ko ngā karakia, ko ngā pakiwaitara otirā ko ngā āhuatanga katoa e pā ana ki te iwi. Kei konei hoki ko te ira o te tangata e mau nei i ēnei āhuatanga nei.
Ka tae ki te ngahuru, ka heke iho ngā rau rākau ka pirau, ka ngaro. Pēnei i te rākau nei, te hinga te tangata, ka kapohia e te ringa o Aituā, ā, ka ngaro. Ēhara i te mea ko te mauri o te tangata anake te mea e ngaro nei, ēngari, ko ōna mātauranga katoa hoki.
Nā, matemate noa atu ngā koroua me ngākuia e mōhio tūturu ana ki ngā kōrero hōhonu tuku iho a Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Nō reira, ko tāku mahi, he kohi i ēnei kōrero, i mua i te ngaronga tonutanga o ngā kaumātua e ora ana, nei ngaro.
Kua kohia nei e au ngā kōrero katoa ahakoa Māori ahakoa Pākehā, kia kitea ai, kia mārama ake ai ngā momo āhuatanga o tōku iwi.
Ēhara tēnei i te me ngāwari, nō te mea, ko tēnei mea te mātaranga ahakoa he whakapapa rānei, he pakiwaitara rānei, he mea tino tapu ki te Māori, i te ao tawhito, ā, kei te pērā anō hoki i ēnei rā. Kua oti te tārai te tāhū o tēnei tuhituhinga e kore a taea te whakatārewa tēnei tāhū mehemea kāore, ōna pou kāore ōna here e tika ana. Otirā e kore e tū te whare kōreo, te tāhū whakaringa kōereo, mehemea kāore ōna kaupapa whenua, tangata, tae atu ki a Papatūānuku. Nō reira, koia tēnei ka tātaihia ake ngā kupu kōreroa muri ake nei, kia tutuki ai ngā tūmanako ngā wawata, a ngā whakatipuranga, mai, mai, mai i te pō ki ngā kaikōrero me te kaituhi.
E ai ki te iwi, ko Rangiwewehi te tipuna o tēnei iwi te tamaiti a Tawakeheimoa rāua ko Te Aongahoro.
Nā te mea, he karangatanga a Ngāti Rangiwewehi nō Te Arawa waka i hoki atu ai au ki ngā kōrero mō tēnei waka tapu. Tae rawa mai tēnei waka ki tēnei whenua, ka horapa hāere ngā tāngata i te mata o te whenua. I tōna wā, i tae atu ngā tīpuna ke Te Awahou awa, otirā ki te taha raki o Rotorua moana. Mai i taua wā, ka tīmata ngā āhuatanga katoa e pā ana ki tēnei iwi.
Nā, ēhara tēnei tuhinga i te pukapuka hei whakaatu i te tūturutanga o ngā kōrero katoa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi, mā Ngāti Rangiwewehi hei whai atu, ēngari he kōrero kua kohia nei e au i ngā rangatira, i ngā tohunga, i ngā tāngata mōhio, i ngā whāea, i ngā kaumātua me ngā pukapuka a ngā Māori me ngā Pākehā.
He pūtake kōrero noa iho tēnei mō Ngāti Rangiwewehi he tohu whakamaharatanga hoki ki ngā tīpuna, ki ngā mātua kua wehe atu nei ki te pō.

year: 1986

title: Innovation, entrepreneurship, geography and growth

authors: McCann, Philip

subjects: Innovation

abstract: This paper sets the contributions to this special issue in the context of a large and rapidly growing literature. It argues that although our understanding of the relationships between entrepreneurship, innovation, geography and economic growth is much clearer than in the past, there remains much that needs to be explored.

text: Innovation, entrepreneurship, geography and growth This paper sets the contributions to this special issue in the context of a large and rapidly growing literature. It argues that although our understanding of the relationships between entrepreneurship, innovation, geography and economic growth is much clearer than in the past, there remains much that needs to be explored.

year: 2012