title: Protein dynamics and stability: The distribution of atomic fluctuations in thermophilic and mesophilic dihydrofolate reductase derived using elastic incoherent neutron scattering

authors: Meinhold, Lars

abstract: The temperature dependence of the dynamics of mesophilic and thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase is examined using elastic incoherent neutron scattering. It is demonstrated that the distribution of atomic displacement amplitudes can be derived from the elastic scattering data by assuming a (Weibull) functional form that resembles distributions seen in molecular dynamics simulations. The thermophilic enzyme has a significantly broader distribution than its mesophilic counterpart. Furthermore, although the rate of increase with temperature of the atomic mean-square displacements extracted from the dynamic structure factor is found to be comparable for both enzymes, the amplitudes are found to be slightly larger for the thermophilic enzyme. Therefore, these results imply that the thermophilic enzyme is the more flexible of the two.

text: Protein dynamics and stability: The distribution of atomic fluctuations in thermophilic and mesophilic dihydrofolate reductase derived using elastic incoherent neutron scattering The temperature dependence of the dynamics of mesophilic and thermophilic dihydrofolate reductase is examined using elastic incoherent neutron scattering. It is demonstrated that the distribution of atomic displacement amplitudes can be derived from the elastic scattering data by assuming a (Weibull) functional form that resembles distributions seen in molecular dynamics simulations. The thermophilic enzyme has a significantly broader distribution than its mesophilic counterpart. Furthermore, although the rate of increase with temperature of the atomic mean-square displacements extracted from the dynamic structure factor is found to be comparable for both enzymes, the amplitudes are found to be slightly larger for the thermophilic enzyme. Therefore, these results imply that the thermophilic enzyme is the more flexible of the two.

year: 2008-02

title: An unusual growth form of Cladonia furcata: The trampling-resistant primary thallus colonizing a paved pathway

authors: Lange, Otto L.

abstract: Lichens are well known to be susceptible to damage by trampling. Fruticose species, with their
highly branched structure, are particularly sensitive and Bayfield et al. (1981)
described substantial damage to Cladonia uncialis, C. arbuscula, C. rangiferina,
and C. impexa on paths in lichen-rich heath communities in north-east
Scotland. Less visible communities, biotic soil crusts in arid and semi-arid
areas with their cover of crustose lichens, are also easily disturbed by walking,
car driving, or grazing and recovery can take decades.
We report here an interesting situation where a lichen (Cladonia furcata) is apparently being
maintained and even spread in a habitat because trampling prevents it from
completing its monocarpic life cycle.

text: An unusual growth form of Cladonia furcata: The trampling-resistant primary thallus colonizing a paved pathway Lichens are well known to be susceptible to damage by trampling. Fruticose species, with their
highly branched structure, are particularly sensitive and Bayfield et al. (1981)
described substantial damage to Cladonia uncialis, C. arbuscula, C. rangiferina,
and C. impexa on paths in lichen-rich heath communities in north-east
Scotland. Less visible communities, biotic soil crusts in arid and semi-arid
areas with their cover of crustose lichens, are also easily disturbed by walking,
car driving, or grazing and recovery can take decades.
We report here an interesting situation where a lichen (Cladonia furcata) is apparently being
maintained and even spread in a habitat because trampling prevents it from
completing its monocarpic life cycle.

year: 1998

title: Through the eyes of whānau: Destruction of cultural identity through education

authors: Ngaamo, Raewyn Brenda

subjects: Māori

abstract: This thesis examines how the schooling experiences of a dual cultural heritage whānau influenced the development of their identity, their language and culture across three generations. Koro, Tuakana, Teina and Moko share their experiences with us and through these stories reveal how they were forced through the colonising beliefs and practices of schooling to reshape themselves in a bid to belong. The compromise and abuse of cultural identity in wider society, replicated and validated in schooling, created a vicious and dehumanising experience for each of them. School was a major site of assimilation for this whānau. They experienced racism, rejection, low expectations and cultural disconnection across the three generations. They suffered particularly as dual heritage children who experienced rejection and racial micro aggressions from both Pākehā and Māori alike. Instead of education being a means to realise their potential and to achieve success it was actually the vehicle for the destruction of their cultural identity.

text: Through the eyes of whānau: Destruction of cultural identity through education This thesis examines how the schooling experiences of a dual cultural heritage whānau influenced the development of their identity, their language and culture across three generations. Koro, Tuakana, Teina and Moko share their experiences with us and through these stories reveal how they were forced through the colonising beliefs and practices of schooling to reshape themselves in a bid to belong. The compromise and abuse of cultural identity in wider society, replicated and validated in schooling, created a vicious and dehumanising experience for each of them. School was a major site of assimilation for this whānau. They experienced racism, rejection, low expectations and cultural disconnection across the three generations. They suffered particularly as dual heritage children who experienced rejection and racial micro aggressions from both Pākehā and Māori alike. Instead of education being a means to realise their potential and to achieve success it was actually the vehicle for the destruction of their cultural identity.

year: 2019