title: Values inconsistency between work and home: Evaluating the impact on stress and well-being, and the role that authenticity has to play

authors: Swart, Eunanda

subjects: Authenticity

abstract: The present study explores the impact of values inconsistency between work and home on employee’s perceived stress and well-being. Values are abstract concepts that express desirable end states and direct an individual’s behaviour accordingly. Previous research has shown that personal and work values may be different in nature. Research in the area of work and home personality has shown that inconsistency may be associated with lower well-being. In this study, we seek to determine whether this is true for work and home values. 
Furthermore, given that felt authenticity is known to influence the relationship between personality inconsistency and well-being, this study also investigated how authenticity influences the  relationship between values inconsistency and well-being. It was proposed that values inconsistency will be positively related to perceived stress and negatively related to well-being. It was also proposed that perceived authenticity will moderate these relationships: strengthening the relationship between values inconsistency and perceived stress, and weakening the relationship between values inconsistency and positive well-being.
A total of 267 participants responded to the questionnaires conducted at Time 1, with 72 responses to the corresponding questionnaires conducted at Time 2. The participants were asked to complete the Time 1 survey in either their home or work context, and then to complete the Time 2 survey in the alternate context. Relationships between values inconsistency and employee’s perceived stress and well-being were explored using Pearson’s r correlations. Furthermore, the impact of perceived authenticity on these relationships was investigated through moderation analysis. 
Due to a relatively small sample size, along with external challenges and factors explored further in the discussion chapter, the results from the present study were not statistically significant. Although no substantial conclusions can be drawn from the findings of this study, looking at the trends in the data could be of interest for researchers wanting to explore these relationships further. 
The trends in the data from the current study suggest that values inconsistency between work and home contexts negatively affects employee’s well-being. More specifically, values inconsistency increases employee’s perceived stress, and decreases well-being. Authenticity may also play an important part in these relationships. The trends in the data suggest that the perceived authenticity of employee’s strengthens the relationship between values inconsistency and perceived stress, and weakens the relationship between values inconsistency and well-being. 
This study is one of the first to compare values inconsistency between work and home contexts, evaluating the impact on employee well-being and offers a fresh perspective in the body of organisational psychology research. Practical implications of the current study include gaining a better understanding of the importance of employees’ value-fit with the organisation they are working for. Poor employee-organisation values fit may lead to more stress and poorer well-being, which in turn could result in higher absenteeism and lower productivity. Therefore, posing a concern for both individuals and organisations.
Future research should focus on continuing to explore the relationships between values consistency and well-being, as well as the relationship between values and personality. The findings from the present and future studies will help to gain a better understanding of the interactions between these variables, and the importance thereof for both individuals and organisations.

text: Values inconsistency between work and home: Evaluating the impact on stress and well-being, and the role that authenticity has to play The present study explores the impact of values inconsistency between work and home on employee’s perceived stress and well-being. Values are abstract concepts that express desirable end states and direct an individual’s behaviour accordingly. Previous research has shown that personal and work values may be different in nature. Research in the area of work and home personality has shown that inconsistency may be associated with lower well-being. In this study, we seek to determine whether this is true for work and home values. 
Furthermore, given that felt authenticity is known to influence the relationship between personality inconsistency and well-being, this study also investigated how authenticity influences the  relationship between values inconsistency and well-being. It was proposed that values inconsistency will be positively related to perceived stress and negatively related to well-being. It was also proposed that perceived authenticity will moderate these relationships: strengthening the relationship between values inconsistency and perceived stress, and weakening the relationship between values inconsistency and positive well-being.
A total of 267 participants responded to the questionnaires conducted at Time 1, with 72 responses to the corresponding questionnaires conducted at Time 2. The participants were asked to complete the Time 1 survey in either their home or work context, and then to complete the Time 2 survey in the alternate context. Relationships between values inconsistency and employee’s perceived stress and well-being were explored using Pearson’s r correlations. Furthermore, the impact of perceived authenticity on these relationships was investigated through moderation analysis. 
Due to a relatively small sample size, along with external challenges and factors explored further in the discussion chapter, the results from the present study were not statistically significant. Although no substantial conclusions can be drawn from the findings of this study, looking at the trends in the data could be of interest for researchers wanting to explore these relationships further. 
The trends in the data from the current study suggest that values inconsistency between work and home contexts negatively affects employee’s well-being. More specifically, values inconsistency increases employee’s perceived stress, and decreases well-being. Authenticity may also play an important part in these relationships. The trends in the data suggest that the perceived authenticity of employee’s strengthens the relationship between values inconsistency and perceived stress, and weakens the relationship between values inconsistency and well-being. 
This study is one of the first to compare values inconsistency between work and home contexts, evaluating the impact on employee well-being and offers a fresh perspective in the body of organisational psychology research. Practical implications of the current study include gaining a better understanding of the importance of employees’ value-fit with the organisation they are working for. Poor employee-organisation values fit may lead to more stress and poorer well-being, which in turn could result in higher absenteeism and lower productivity. Therefore, posing a concern for both individuals and organisations.
Future research should focus on continuing to explore the relationships between values consistency and well-being, as well as the relationship between values and personality. The findings from the present and future studies will help to gain a better understanding of the interactions between these variables, and the importance thereof for both individuals and organisations.

year: 2020

title: Making molehills into mountains: Adult responses to child sexuality and behaviour

authors: Flanagan, Paul G.

subjects: accountability practices

abstract: Sexual behaviour among children can be perplexing for adults as they negotiate a spectrum of ideas relating to abuse and natural curiosity. In the search for understandings, adults can act in ways that close opportunities for children to explore and describe meanings for the behaviour. This article invites practitioners to check their assumptions in this kind of work, and to take a stance that opposes abusive actions – while taking up a position of enquiry to support the multiple stories that make up children’s lives.

text: Making molehills into mountains: Adult responses to child sexuality and behaviour Sexual behaviour among children can be perplexing for adults as they negotiate a spectrum of ideas relating to abuse and natural curiosity. In the search for understandings, adults can act in ways that close opportunities for children to explore and describe meanings for the behaviour. This article invites practitioners to check their assumptions in this kind of work, and to take a stance that opposes abusive actions – while taking up a position of enquiry to support the multiple stories that make up children’s lives.

year: 2010

title: Te Tarata

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

subjects: Haka

abstract: He whakamārama mō te haka 
Ko tēnei haka he whakamauharatanga ki te riri whenua i waenganui i Te Whakatōhea me te Karauna i te 23 o Poutūterangi 1865. Ko te ingoa o te pakanga nei ko Te Tarata. Hai tēnei marama kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau tau mai i tēnei pakanga. Ka kōrerotia te patunga i te mihinare a Te Wākana i te 2 o Poutūterangi i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā rima (1865). Nā Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi i patu a Te Wākana. I haramai a Te Kereopa i raro i te Paimārire (Hauhau) ki Ōpōtiki. Ko tā Te Paimārire kaupapa i tae atu ai ko te kauhau i te whakapono hou a Te Ua Haumēne o Taranaki. Ko ngā āpōtoro i tukuna atu e Te Ua Haumēne ko Pātara Rakataura me Te Kereopa, hoi anō ko te kauhau i te rongopai tā Te Ua Haumēne i whakahau ai. Hoi anō he take tā Te Kereopa, tā te mea i kōhurutia tana wahine me āna tamāhine tokorua ki te whare karakia i Rangiaowhia ki roto o Tainui. Nara i pau a Ngāti Apakura ki te mate ki roto i te ahi, i tahuna te whare karakia e ngā hoia me te iwi o Ngāti Apakura ki roto. Ā i patua anō tana tamāhine hoki ki te pakanga i Hairini. Koiarā tā Kereopa he rānaki i te mate o tana whānau i pau i te ahi nukarau a te Karauna. Nā tēnei patunga i a Te Wākana i riro ai te 250,000 eka o Te Whakatōhea. I tēnei rā tonu o Te Matatini i tēnei tau 2015 kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau (150) tau o te parekuranui o Te Whakatōhea mō te patunga i te tangata kotahi nā tētahi atu ko Te Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Ko te kōhuru i a Te Whakatōhea me āna tamariki, āna mokopuna, ko te tāwharona i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine, ko te ekeeke kino te rarahu i ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki kōtiro, tāne hoki. Mutu ana te rarahu ko te kōhuru i a rātou ki te pū, ki te mata o te pēneti ko te tahu rānei. Ko te urupatu anō tērā ko te tahu i ngā pā, i ngā whare tīpuna, i ngā māra, i ngā mira mahi paura, i ngā kaipuke tauhokohoko ki Tāmaki, ki Poihākena, ki Ingarangi. Ko te parekura nui tēnei o Te Whakatōhea, ko te kōhuru i tō mātou katoa, tō mātou ao, tō mātou wairua, tō mātou hinengaro, tō mātou tinana o Te Whakatōhea mō te mate kotahi a te tangata kotahi. Ahakoa he mihingare, he pūrahorua hoki he kawe o kōrero nōna ki a Kāwana Kerei mō ngā nekeneke a Te Whakatōhea ki te tautoko i a Kīngi Tāwhiao me ngā pakanga whenua i Rangiriri, i Ōrakau i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā whā (1864). Ki te pakanga o Te Tarata, 14 ngā Māori i mate i tēnei pakanga me ngā hoia pākeha, ngā maemanerau 26. E 500 ngā manemanerau i roto i te ope taua a Kuini Wikitōria. I tēnei pakanga nā Hira Te Popo te rangatira o Ngāti Ira, hapū o Te Whakatōhea i herehangaia ngā tīkouka me ōna rau ki ngā pou o te tūwatawata. Nara i pupuhi ngā pūrepō ngā ki te pā o Te Tarata i hinga ngā tūwatawata me te tū anō. Koirā te mahi a te tīkouka he rākau māmā kāore i whati pēnei i te mānuka me ngā rākau mārō ehara ko tāna he tiaki i te tūwatawata ka tūohu ka tū anō me te maka anō i ngā kariri o te pūrepō ki ngā hōia a te Karauna. Ana nā te tīkouka i āhei a Te Whakatōhea me ōna haumi te rere whakauta ki te tuawhenua. I huihui rātou ki tētahi pā anō ki Kohipawa kīhai i tareka e te Karauna.

text: Te Tarata He whakamārama mō te haka 
Ko tēnei haka he whakamauharatanga ki te riri whenua i waenganui i Te Whakatōhea me te Karauna i te 23 o Poutūterangi 1865. Ko te ingoa o te pakanga nei ko Te Tarata. Hai tēnei marama kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau tau mai i tēnei pakanga. Ka kōrerotia te patunga i te mihinare a Te Wākana i te 2 o Poutūterangi i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā rima (1865). Nā Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi i patu a Te Wākana. I haramai a Te Kereopa i raro i te Paimārire (Hauhau) ki Ōpōtiki. Ko tā Te Paimārire kaupapa i tae atu ai ko te kauhau i te whakapono hou a Te Ua Haumēne o Taranaki. Ko ngā āpōtoro i tukuna atu e Te Ua Haumēne ko Pātara Rakataura me Te Kereopa, hoi anō ko te kauhau i te rongopai tā Te Ua Haumēne i whakahau ai. Hoi anō he take tā Te Kereopa, tā te mea i kōhurutia tana wahine me āna tamāhine tokorua ki te whare karakia i Rangiaowhia ki roto o Tainui. Nara i pau a Ngāti Apakura ki te mate ki roto i te ahi, i tahuna te whare karakia e ngā hoia me te iwi o Ngāti Apakura ki roto. Ā i patua anō tana tamāhine hoki ki te pakanga i Hairini. Koiarā tā Kereopa he rānaki i te mate o tana whānau i pau i te ahi nukarau a te Karauna. Nā tēnei patunga i a Te Wākana i riro ai te 250,000 eka o Te Whakatōhea. I tēnei rā tonu o Te Matatini i tēnei tau 2015 kua eke ki te kotahi rau e rima tekau (150) tau o te parekuranui o Te Whakatōhea mō te patunga i te tangata kotahi nā tētahi atu ko Te Kereopa o Ngāti Rangiwewehi. Ko te kōhuru i a Te Whakatōhea me āna tamariki, āna mokopuna, ko te tāwharona i ngā tāne, i ngā wāhine, ko te ekeeke kino te rarahu i ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki kōtiro, tāne hoki. Mutu ana te rarahu ko te kōhuru i a rātou ki te pū, ki te mata o te pēneti ko te tahu rānei. Ko te urupatu anō tērā ko te tahu i ngā pā, i ngā whare tīpuna, i ngā māra, i ngā mira mahi paura, i ngā kaipuke tauhokohoko ki Tāmaki, ki Poihākena, ki Ingarangi. Ko te parekura nui tēnei o Te Whakatōhea, ko te kōhuru i tō mātou katoa, tō mātou ao, tō mātou wairua, tō mātou hinengaro, tō mātou tinana o Te Whakatōhea mō te mate kotahi a te tangata kotahi. Ahakoa he mihingare, he pūrahorua hoki he kawe o kōrero nōna ki a Kāwana Kerei mō ngā nekeneke a Te Whakatōhea ki te tautoko i a Kīngi Tāwhiao me ngā pakanga whenua i Rangiriri, i Ōrakau i te tau kotahi mano e waru rau e ono tekau mā whā (1864). Ki te pakanga o Te Tarata, 14 ngā Māori i mate i tēnei pakanga me ngā hoia pākeha, ngā maemanerau 26. E 500 ngā manemanerau i roto i te ope taua a Kuini Wikitōria. I tēnei pakanga nā Hira Te Popo te rangatira o Ngāti Ira, hapū o Te Whakatōhea i herehangaia ngā tīkouka me ōna rau ki ngā pou o te tūwatawata. Nara i pupuhi ngā pūrepō ngā ki te pā o Te Tarata i hinga ngā tūwatawata me te tū anō. Koirā te mahi a te tīkouka he rākau māmā kāore i whati pēnei i te mānuka me ngā rākau mārō ehara ko tāna he tiaki i te tūwatawata ka tūohu ka tū anō me te maka anō i ngā kariri o te pūrepō ki ngā hōia a te Karauna. Ana nā te tīkouka i āhei a Te Whakatōhea me ōna haumi te rere whakauta ki te tuawhenua. I huihui rātou ki tētahi pā anō ki Kohipawa kīhai i tareka e te Karauna.

year: 2017