title: Preparation and molecular structures of the decanuclear diynyl-ruthenium-silver and -copper complexes [M₆{μ₃-C CC C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}₄(μ-dppm)₂](BF₄)₂ (M = Ag, Cu)

authors: Bruce, Michael I.

subjects: cluster

abstract: Reactions between [M2(dppm)2(NCMe)2]X2 [M = Ag, X = ClO₄; M = Cu, X = BF₄] and Ru(C CC CM)(dppe)Cp* [M = Ag, Cu; generated in situ from Ru(C CC CH)(dppe)Cp* and AgNO₃ or CuCl(PPh₃), respectively] afford the cationic mixed-metal cluster diynyl complexes [M₆{μ₃-C CC C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}₄(μ-dppm)₂]X₂, of which the structures were determined by single-crystal XRD studies. Electrochemical studies indicate that there is no interaction between the ruthenium centres. Reactions between [M₂(μ-dppm)₂(NCMe)₂](BF₄)₂ and Ru(C CC CM′)(dppe)Cp* (M,M′ = Cu, Ag) afforded a mixture of Ag6−nCun clusters, as shown by ES-MS and crystallographic studies. Preliminary studies suggest that extensive disproportionation occurs in solution.

text: Preparation and molecular structures of the decanuclear diynyl-ruthenium-silver and -copper complexes [M₆{μ₃-C CC C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}₄(μ-dppm)₂](BF₄)₂ (M = Ag, Cu) Reactions between [M2(dppm)2(NCMe)2]X2 [M = Ag, X = ClO₄; M = Cu, X = BF₄] and Ru(C CC CM)(dppe)Cp* [M = Ag, Cu; generated in situ from Ru(C CC CH)(dppe)Cp* and AgNO₃ or CuCl(PPh₃), respectively] afford the cationic mixed-metal cluster diynyl complexes [M₆{μ₃-C CC C[Ru(dppe)Cp*]}₄(μ-dppm)₂]X₂, of which the structures were determined by single-crystal XRD studies. Electrochemical studies indicate that there is no interaction between the ruthenium centres. Reactions between [M₂(μ-dppm)₂(NCMe)₂](BF₄)₂ and Ru(C CC CM′)(dppe)Cp* (M,M′ = Cu, Ag) afforded a mixture of Ag6−nCun clusters, as shown by ES-MS and crystallographic studies. Preliminary studies suggest that extensive disproportionation occurs in solution.

year: 2010

title: Mixed pixel return separation for a full-field ranger

authors: Godbaz, John Peter

subjects: lidar

abstract: Full-field amplitude modulated continuous wave range imagers commonly suffer from the mixed pixel problem. This problem is caused by the integration of light from multiple sources by a single pixel, particularly around the edges of objects, resulting in erroneous range measurements. In this paper we present a method for identifying the intensity and range of multiple return values within each pixel, using the harmonic content of the heterodyne beat waveform. Systems capable of measurements at less than 90 degree phase shifts can apply these methods. Our paper builds on previous simulation based work and uses real range data. The method involves the application of the Levy-Fullagar algorithm and the use of the cyclic nature of the beat waveform to extract the mean noise power. We show that this method enables the separation of multiple range sources and also decreases overall ranging error by 30% in the single return case. Error in the two return case was found to increase substantially as relative intensity of the return decreased.

text: Mixed pixel return separation for a full-field ranger Full-field amplitude modulated continuous wave range imagers commonly suffer from the mixed pixel problem. This problem is caused by the integration of light from multiple sources by a single pixel, particularly around the edges of objects, resulting in erroneous range measurements. In this paper we present a method for identifying the intensity and range of multiple return values within each pixel, using the harmonic content of the heterodyne beat waveform. Systems capable of measurements at less than 90 degree phase shifts can apply these methods. Our paper builds on previous simulation based work and uses real range data. The method involves the application of the Levy-Fullagar algorithm and the use of the cyclic nature of the beat waveform to extract the mean noise power. We show that this method enables the separation of multiple range sources and also decreases overall ranging error by 30% in the single return case. Error in the two return case was found to increase substantially as relative intensity of the return decreased.

year: 2008

title: Kua Hiri Mai Te Rā - A journey of self identification for the descendants of Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki

authors: Marsh, Melissa Sue-ann

subjects: Ngāti Rāhiri

abstract: Prior to the arrival of Pakehā to the shores of Aotearoa, Māori retained and transmitted their histories, genealogies and protocols orally through such mediums as song and chant. The intracacies of the information held was such that every aspect of the Māori culture had its assigned expert whose job was to both retain and pass on their area of expertise. The settlement of Pakehā saw a change in how information was stored and disseminated, with a number of ethnographers, surveyors and historians recording accounts given to them from various Māori sources in written form. The main motivation for this at the time was to secure the information and cultural practises of a people who were deemed to be a dying race.

The implication that Māori were close to extinction was in vain, as many resisted against the gradual assimilation of Aotearoa (New Zealand) by the new foreign immigrants. The subsequent annexation of Aotearoa under British colonial rule eventually led to war against Māori, as Māori attempted to protect and retain both their lands and their identity. The result of the war led to a great loss of Māori lands, lives, and most importantly – identity.

Within Taranaki the Ngāti Rāhiri Hapū fought many generations for the right to stand unified as a people. Although they can be regarded as a small coastal hapū entity, they are at the forefront of maintaining and asserting their rangatiratanga status within today’s society. At the centre of the proclamation of rights and entitlement within their ancestral lands, questions have been raised that, for a number of generations, had baffled the likes of Elsdon Best and S. Percy Smith, as many sought to find answers regarding the true origins of Ngāti Rāhiri.

The impetus in undertaking this research is to ascertain who this prominent ancestor Rāhiri is from both a Ngā Puhi and Taranaki perspective, and investigate how these combined histories assist in the assertion of self by the Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki people. By undertaking a critical review and analysis of literature, court minute records, hapū documents, proverbs, histories and knowledge from tribal elders pertaining to Rāhiri, this researcher will endeavour to provide and present relevant information and evidence, in a cohesive format, to show the close ancestral ties and affiliations between the two peoples. Furthermore, it is hoped that the research findings presented within this body of work may provide a significant contribution to the descendants of the Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki Hapū, as they continue to assert their mana and rangatiratanga through the knowledge and understanding of self, when posed with the question - Ko wai a Ngāti Rāhiri?

text: Kua Hiri Mai Te Rā - A journey of self identification for the descendants of Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki Prior to the arrival of Pakehā to the shores of Aotearoa, Māori retained and transmitted their histories, genealogies and protocols orally through such mediums as song and chant. The intracacies of the information held was such that every aspect of the Māori culture had its assigned expert whose job was to both retain and pass on their area of expertise. The settlement of Pakehā saw a change in how information was stored and disseminated, with a number of ethnographers, surveyors and historians recording accounts given to them from various Māori sources in written form. The main motivation for this at the time was to secure the information and cultural practises of a people who were deemed to be a dying race.

The implication that Māori were close to extinction was in vain, as many resisted against the gradual assimilation of Aotearoa (New Zealand) by the new foreign immigrants. The subsequent annexation of Aotearoa under British colonial rule eventually led to war against Māori, as Māori attempted to protect and retain both their lands and their identity. The result of the war led to a great loss of Māori lands, lives, and most importantly – identity.

Within Taranaki the Ngāti Rāhiri Hapū fought many generations for the right to stand unified as a people. Although they can be regarded as a small coastal hapū entity, they are at the forefront of maintaining and asserting their rangatiratanga status within today’s society. At the centre of the proclamation of rights and entitlement within their ancestral lands, questions have been raised that, for a number of generations, had baffled the likes of Elsdon Best and S. Percy Smith, as many sought to find answers regarding the true origins of Ngāti Rāhiri.

The impetus in undertaking this research is to ascertain who this prominent ancestor Rāhiri is from both a Ngā Puhi and Taranaki perspective, and investigate how these combined histories assist in the assertion of self by the Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki people. By undertaking a critical review and analysis of literature, court minute records, hapū documents, proverbs, histories and knowledge from tribal elders pertaining to Rāhiri, this researcher will endeavour to provide and present relevant information and evidence, in a cohesive format, to show the close ancestral ties and affiliations between the two peoples. Furthermore, it is hoped that the research findings presented within this body of work may provide a significant contribution to the descendants of the Ngāti Rāhiri ki Taranaki Hapū, as they continue to assert their mana and rangatiratanga through the knowledge and understanding of self, when posed with the question - Ko wai a Ngāti Rāhiri?

year: 2011