title: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network

authors: Bruce, Louise C.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The modelling community has identified challenges for the integration and assessment of lake models due to the diversity of modelling approaches and lakes. In this study, we develop and assess a one-dimensional lake model and apply it to 32 lakes from a global observatory network. The data set included lakes over broad ranges in latitude, climatic zones, size, residence time, mixing regime and trophic level. Model performance was evaluated using several error assessment metrics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted for nine parameters that governed the surface heat exchange and mixing efficiency. There was low correlation between input data uncertainty and model performance and predictions of temperature were less sensitive to model parameters than prediction of thermocline depth and Schmidt stability. The study provides guidance to where the general model approach and associated assumptions work, and cases where adjustments to model parameterisations and/or structure are required.

text: A multi-lake comparative analysis of the General Lake Model (GLM): Stress-testing across a global observatory network The modelling community has identified challenges for the integration and assessment of lake models due to the diversity of modelling approaches and lakes. In this study, we develop and assess a one-dimensional lake model and apply it to 32 lakes from a global observatory network. The data set included lakes over broad ranges in latitude, climatic zones, size, residence time, mixing regime and trophic level. Model performance was evaluated using several error assessment metrics, and a sensitivity analysis was conducted for nine parameters that governed the surface heat exchange and mixing efficiency. There was low correlation between input data uncertainty and model performance and predictions of temperature were less sensitive to model parameters than prediction of thermocline depth and Schmidt stability. The study provides guidance to where the general model approach and associated assumptions work, and cases where adjustments to model parameterisations and/or structure are required.

year: 2018

title: The relationship between psychosocial stress and 5-HTTLPR: Implications for the workplace

authors: Drayton, Sasha Jane

subjects: Meta-analysis

abstract: Current research on the relationship between the genetic marker 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress, shows a large amount of variation in the reported results between studies. In this thesis four meta-analyses using 14 independent samples were conducted to provide a consensus for these previous results and to provide a basis for how these varying results could be applied to the workplace.
All four meta-analyses used hedges g as the effect size and reported very
small, negative effect sizes. Although the effect sizes were small, the negative direction indicates that the L/L 5-HTTLPR genotype has slightly greater cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress. The limited amount of literature on 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress needs to be considered when reviewing the results as it is difficult to tell whether the small effect sizes are due to chance or if they are an accurate reflection.
The small effect sizes also mean that utilising these results in an organisational context is difficult as the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress is not statistically significant. 5-HTTLPR is only one genetic marker out of hundreds so while psychosocial stress may have a statistically significant relationship with another marker, this has not been found yet. As a result of this, subjective measures of stress such as surveys are likely to continue
to be more useful in identifying the stress levels of individuals in the workplace,
rather than making inferences based on the 5-HTTLPR genotype of the individual.

text: The relationship between psychosocial stress and 5-HTTLPR: Implications for the workplace Current research on the relationship between the genetic marker 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress, shows a large amount of variation in the reported results between studies. In this thesis four meta-analyses using 14 independent samples were conducted to provide a consensus for these previous results and to provide a basis for how these varying results could be applied to the workplace.
All four meta-analyses used hedges g as the effect size and reported very
small, negative effect sizes. Although the effect sizes were small, the negative direction indicates that the L/L 5-HTTLPR genotype has slightly greater cortisol reactivity to psychosocial stress. The limited amount of literature on 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress needs to be considered when reviewing the results as it is difficult to tell whether the small effect sizes are due to chance or if they are an accurate reflection.
The small effect sizes also mean that utilising these results in an organisational context is difficult as the relationship between 5-HTTLPR and psychosocial stress is not statistically significant. 5-HTTLPR is only one genetic marker out of hundreds so while psychosocial stress may have a statistically significant relationship with another marker, this has not been found yet. As a result of this, subjective measures of stress such as surveys are likely to continue
to be more useful in identifying the stress levels of individuals in the workplace,
rather than making inferences based on the 5-HTTLPR genotype of the individual.

year: 2018

title: ‘Indigenous Rights’ or ‘Racial Privileges’: The rhetoric of ‘race’ in New Zealand politics

authors: Barber, Keith

subjects: indigeneity

abstract: The New Zealand parliamentary election campaign of 2005 was marked by a significant break in the consensus between the two major political parties, Labour and National, in the area of Maori affairs: a consensus that had previously been articulated in terms of a shared commitment to 'biculturalism' and the Treaty of Waitangi. In January 2004, the National Party launched an attack on government policies, describing them as giving unfair privileges to Maori based purely on 'race'. The present paper examines the National Party's adoption of the rhetoric of 'race' and the conceptual, political and ideological considerations behind it. It also examines attitudinal, social policy and socioeconomic factors to explain the widespread acceptability of this rhetoric among the New Zealand public. These events are considered within the context of a growing academic and political critique of 'culturalism' in New Zealand social policy and social science.

text: ‘Indigenous Rights’ or ‘Racial Privileges’: The rhetoric of ‘race’ in New Zealand politics The New Zealand parliamentary election campaign of 2005 was marked by a significant break in the consensus between the two major political parties, Labour and National, in the area of Maori affairs: a consensus that had previously been articulated in terms of a shared commitment to 'biculturalism' and the Treaty of Waitangi. In January 2004, the National Party launched an attack on government policies, describing them as giving unfair privileges to Maori based purely on 'race'. The present paper examines the National Party's adoption of the rhetoric of 'race' and the conceptual, political and ideological considerations behind it. It also examines attitudinal, social policy and socioeconomic factors to explain the widespread acceptability of this rhetoric among the New Zealand public. These events are considered within the context of a growing academic and political critique of 'culturalism' in New Zealand social policy and social science.

year: 2008