title: Initial teacher education students’ reasons for using digital learning objects when teaching mathematics

authors: Hawera, Ngārewa

abstract: A current issue in initial teacher education (ITE) in Aotearoa, New Zealand is how students can best be supported to use digital technologies for mathematics teaching. While many ITE students are familiar with digital technologies for personal use, they are less likely to know how to incorporate them into the mathematics learning process. Supporting ITE students to become more critical, knowledgeable, skilled, and confident about using digital technologies was the main aim of the study. Forty second-year ITE students were surveyed about the Digital Learning Objects promoted by the Ministry of Education that they would choose to use to teach area measurement. Several different reasons were reported.

text: Initial teacher education students’ reasons for using digital learning objects when teaching mathematics A current issue in initial teacher education (ITE) in Aotearoa, New Zealand is how students can best be supported to use digital technologies for mathematics teaching. While many ITE students are familiar with digital technologies for personal use, they are less likely to know how to incorporate them into the mathematics learning process. Supporting ITE students to become more critical, knowledgeable, skilled, and confident about using digital technologies was the main aim of the study. Forty second-year ITE students were surveyed about the Digital Learning Objects promoted by the Ministry of Education that they would choose to use to teach area measurement. Several different reasons were reported.

year: 2017

title: Relationships Between Supervisor Behaviour and Subordinates' Work Attitudes: The Role of LMX

authors: Van Lamoen, Nils Karel

subjects: leadership

abstract: This study investigated the relationship between supervisor behaviour and the work experience of subordinate employees and assessed the role of the interpersonal exchange relationship between supervisor and subordinate. Participants completed a questionnaire asking them to rate their supervisor’s behaviour (initiating structure, tolerance of subordinate independence, perceived support, integration and consideration of subordinates), the quality of their leader-member exchange relationship (LMX) with their supervisor, perceived job autonomy, and role ambiguity. To assess subordinates’ work experience, respondents were also asked to report on their level of work engagement, citizenship behaviour, job motivation, commitment to the organisation, and team commitment. Two hundred and fifteen responses were collected and, following a factor analysis, mediation analyses were conducted using the supervisor behaviours as predictors, LMX, autonomy, and ambiguity as mediators and subordinate attitudes and behaviour as outcomes. 
The results provided support for the proposed mediated relationships with 30 out of 36 indirect relationships being significant. The findings confirmed that 1) supervisory behaviour had indirect effects on subordinate attitudes and behaviour. 2) LMX, job autonomy, and role ambiguity significantly predicted subordinate employees’ work attitudes and behaviour. 3) The behaviours of supervisors helped determine LMX, job autonomy and role ambiguity. These results confirmed that there is a strong relationship between the behaviour of supervisors and the work experience of subordinate employees. 
Although causation cannot be inferred based on the results of this study, the findings indicate that the supervisor may contribute to the work experience of subordinates. The findings may suggest that if supervisors were to change their role behaviour by the way they deal with subordinates and introduce structure in the workplace this my help reduce subordinates’ role ambiguity, raise perceived job autonomy,  lead to a higher quality exchange relationship, and positively influence work outcomes. This would enhance employee work engagement, organisation-directed citizenship behaviour, intrinsic motivation, commitment to organisation and work team benefiting both the organisation and the employees.
	Longitudinal research into an integrated model of supervisor behaviour and LMX using experimental or observational study designs is recommended in order to develop a model of causal relationships between supervisor behaviour, LMX, and subordinate outcomes. Further investigation of the measurement of supervisor behaviour may be appropriate in order to validate or revise the LBDQ scales, since factor analyses on these scales prompted substantial changes. Additionally, the results of this study indicated that perceived supervisor support and LMX may not be distinct constructs. Further research into the measurement and theoretical grounding of these measures is recommended.

text: Relationships Between Supervisor Behaviour and Subordinates' Work Attitudes: The Role of LMX This study investigated the relationship between supervisor behaviour and the work experience of subordinate employees and assessed the role of the interpersonal exchange relationship between supervisor and subordinate. Participants completed a questionnaire asking them to rate their supervisor’s behaviour (initiating structure, tolerance of subordinate independence, perceived support, integration and consideration of subordinates), the quality of their leader-member exchange relationship (LMX) with their supervisor, perceived job autonomy, and role ambiguity. To assess subordinates’ work experience, respondents were also asked to report on their level of work engagement, citizenship behaviour, job motivation, commitment to the organisation, and team commitment. Two hundred and fifteen responses were collected and, following a factor analysis, mediation analyses were conducted using the supervisor behaviours as predictors, LMX, autonomy, and ambiguity as mediators and subordinate attitudes and behaviour as outcomes. 
The results provided support for the proposed mediated relationships with 30 out of 36 indirect relationships being significant. The findings confirmed that 1) supervisory behaviour had indirect effects on subordinate attitudes and behaviour. 2) LMX, job autonomy, and role ambiguity significantly predicted subordinate employees’ work attitudes and behaviour. 3) The behaviours of supervisors helped determine LMX, job autonomy and role ambiguity. These results confirmed that there is a strong relationship between the behaviour of supervisors and the work experience of subordinate employees. 
Although causation cannot be inferred based on the results of this study, the findings indicate that the supervisor may contribute to the work experience of subordinates. The findings may suggest that if supervisors were to change their role behaviour by the way they deal with subordinates and introduce structure in the workplace this my help reduce subordinates’ role ambiguity, raise perceived job autonomy,  lead to a higher quality exchange relationship, and positively influence work outcomes. This would enhance employee work engagement, organisation-directed citizenship behaviour, intrinsic motivation, commitment to organisation and work team benefiting both the organisation and the employees.
	Longitudinal research into an integrated model of supervisor behaviour and LMX using experimental or observational study designs is recommended in order to develop a model of causal relationships between supervisor behaviour, LMX, and subordinate outcomes. Further investigation of the measurement of supervisor behaviour may be appropriate in order to validate or revise the LBDQ scales, since factor analyses on these scales prompted substantial changes. Additionally, the results of this study indicated that perceived supervisor support and LMX may not be distinct constructs. Further research into the measurement and theoretical grounding of these measures is recommended.

year: 2012

title: Kei moenga - Tārā i te ārero. Lest it be severed from the tongue

authors: Bailey, Iraia Thompson

subjects: te reo Māori

abstract: Tūwharetoa are a distinctive tribal group who are located within the central North Island. With a proud and celebrated history, Tūwharetoa evolved through out time to become a complex and unique tribe, containing a number of sub tribes, each with its own authority, structure and land holdings. However, like all Māori, Tūwharetoa were greatly affected by the impact of European colonisation. In particular the unique language and customs of Tūwharetoa where savaged by the policy of assimilation and the introduction of a new language and its cultural beliefs. Presently the traditional language of Tūwharetoa is in a perilous state, and regardless of the many Māori language initiatives that have been established over the past few decades, the special language of Tūwharetoa is declining. This thesis is concerned with understanding the reasons why the traditional language of Tūwharetoa finds itself in this position, while also assessing the initatives implemented by Tūwharetoa to rectify this situation. Furthermore this study will look to create a possible pathway forward for Tūwharetoa to support the regeneration and revitalisation of the language. Ultimately this thesis will propose a framework bedded within language planning theory, supported by a kaupapa Māori research methodology and founded within the beliefs of Tūwharetoa, to see the return of te reo Māori as the main form of communication for the people of Tūwharetoa, and as a clear marker of our identity and uniqueness.

text: Kei moenga - Tārā i te ārero. Lest it be severed from the tongue Tūwharetoa are a distinctive tribal group who are located within the central North Island. With a proud and celebrated history, Tūwharetoa evolved through out time to become a complex and unique tribe, containing a number of sub tribes, each with its own authority, structure and land holdings. However, like all Māori, Tūwharetoa were greatly affected by the impact of European colonisation. In particular the unique language and customs of Tūwharetoa where savaged by the policy of assimilation and the introduction of a new language and its cultural beliefs. Presently the traditional language of Tūwharetoa is in a perilous state, and regardless of the many Māori language initiatives that have been established over the past few decades, the special language of Tūwharetoa is declining. This thesis is concerned with understanding the reasons why the traditional language of Tūwharetoa finds itself in this position, while also assessing the initatives implemented by Tūwharetoa to rectify this situation. Furthermore this study will look to create a possible pathway forward for Tūwharetoa to support the regeneration and revitalisation of the language. Ultimately this thesis will propose a framework bedded within language planning theory, supported by a kaupapa Māori research methodology and founded within the beliefs of Tūwharetoa, to see the return of te reo Māori as the main form of communication for the people of Tūwharetoa, and as a clear marker of our identity and uniqueness.

year: 2013