title: The conservation of New Zealand’s biological heritage and the role of environmental planners

authors: Jay, Grace Mairi M.

subjects: geography

abstract: Species diversity is an important aspect of ecosystem health, and a necessary condition for long-term sustainable development. However, it is widely recognised that species extinction is on the increase, as biological diversity comes under pressure from land-use activity and environmental change. Despite an active official conservation programme, the indigenous biodiversity of New Zealand is under threat.

text: The conservation of New Zealand’s biological heritage and the role of environmental planners Species diversity is an important aspect of ecosystem health, and a necessary condition for long-term sustainable development. However, it is widely recognised that species extinction is on the increase, as biological diversity comes under pressure from land-use activity and environmental change. Despite an active official conservation programme, the indigenous biodiversity of New Zealand is under threat.

year: 1998

title: The Control Points of Lactose Synthesis in the Lactating Ruminant

authors: Eichler, Stephen J.

abstract: It has been established that lactose is the major osmole in the milk of many mammalian species, and hence that the amount of water secreted is approximately proportional to the amount of lactose secreted. It is envisaged that reduction of the amount of lactose synthesised would allow a reduction of the amount of water in milk. 
This thesis studied the regulation of lactose synthesis in the mammary glands of goats by altering the flux of glucose and other intermediates of lactose synthesis. The consequent effects were determined by measuring the levels of various metabolites in milk. 
The mechanism of the reduction of milk yield brought about by twenty-four hour fasting in goats was explored by looking for perturbations in some of these parameters measured. Also, known differences between certain bovine genetic groups in water secretion were investigated by measurements in milk of trace metabolites involved in lactose synthesis. 
It was intended to further substantiate the paradigm that availability of glucose within mammary secretory cells of ruminants normally regulates lactose synthesis during midlactation. This widely held belief has not been supported by this research.

text: The Control Points of Lactose Synthesis in the Lactating Ruminant It has been established that lactose is the major osmole in the milk of many mammalian species, and hence that the amount of water secreted is approximately proportional to the amount of lactose secreted. It is envisaged that reduction of the amount of lactose synthesised would allow a reduction of the amount of water in milk. 
This thesis studied the regulation of lactose synthesis in the mammary glands of goats by altering the flux of glucose and other intermediates of lactose synthesis. The consequent effects were determined by measuring the levels of various metabolites in milk. 
The mechanism of the reduction of milk yield brought about by twenty-four hour fasting in goats was explored by looking for perturbations in some of these parameters measured. Also, known differences between certain bovine genetic groups in water secretion were investigated by measurements in milk of trace metabolites involved in lactose synthesis. 
It was intended to further substantiate the paradigm that availability of glucose within mammary secretory cells of ruminants normally regulates lactose synthesis during midlactation. This widely held belief has not been supported by this research.

year: 1993

title: E hoki ki to maunga: The quintessential elements of home

authors: Emery, Debra Joy Tepora

subjects: hau kainga

abstract: He kopu puta tahi, he taura whiri tātou;
whiringa a nuku, whiringa a rangi, te whatia e
Issue of one womb, we are a rope woven of many strands; woven on earth, woven in heaven, it will not break (Rev Māori Marsden, 1992)
Ngati Te Takinga is a hapū (sub-tribe) belonging to the Iwi (tribe) Ngati Pikiao. An affiliated member of the Te Arawa confederation of tribes, Ngati Pikiao occupies the Okere and Rotoiti Lakes district of Rotorua in the central North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand.
This thesis seeks to acknowledge and address the concerns that Ngati Te Takinga has regarding impending cultural discontinuity. The concerns arise due to the hapū's limited human capability and capacity being the result of three things. Firstly, the ongoing demise of tribal elders (and leaders) and the subsequent loss to the hapū of cultural knowledge, skills, leadership and expertise. Secondly, the low numbers of adept,
culturally proficient successors 'coming through' (to replace the elders) and finally, the detribalised and diasporic (dispersed) nature of our people. The hapū and the marae Te Takinga (a last outwardly discernible bastion of Ngati Te Takinga cultural identity and distinction) are jeopardised as a result of these phenomenon.
This thesis is part of a hapū strategy that attempts to address these problems. Positing the
reconnection of our dispersed Ngati Te Takinga 'away-dwellers' as a beginning
solution, the central questions raised by this thesis are  how [does] Ngati Te Takinga
'home-dweller' discourse impact on the 'coming home' experiences and 'reconnection'
of Ngati Te Takinga away-dwellers?  and  what are the [are there] implications for Ngati
Te Takinga cultural continuity? 
The maintenance of Ngati Te Takinga cultural continuity forms the aho mātua or main thread of this work. Using narrative enquiry as a broad methodological framework,stories were gathered from four different groups of Ngati Te Takinga peoples. The groups were home-dwellers (mana whenua or ahi kaa), te ahi tere (away-dwellers who
have returned home to live); te ahi tere (away-dwellers who intend returning in the future) and te ahi tere (away-dwellers who have no intention of returning home to live). The stories (narratives) investigated notions of home, belongingness and Māori identity in relation to the trichotomy of the connection, disconnection and the reconnection of Ngati Te Takinga peoples; the stories were analysed and co-constructed with participants for meaning.
The stories showed that while the hapū aspires to gather up the strengths of a dispersed people to reinvigorate our culture and the marae, existing and competing discourses around authenticity, authority and Ngati Te Takinga identity create a tension between the home (mana whenua/ahi kaa) and away-dwelling Ngati Te Takinga people; including those away-dwellers who have returned. As a basic requirement, this tension must be
diminished in order to build the relationships necessary to improve hapū allegiance
(whānaungatanga), to build hapū strength and to maintain hapū culture and identity. As a priority, decolonising strategies that facilitate an understanding of diversity, promote
participation, maintain tikanga and include our away-dwellers, our 'returnees' and/or our
disconnected people in our hapū-marae interactions, must be considered, developed,
promoted and practiced.

text: E hoki ki to maunga: The quintessential elements of home He kopu puta tahi, he taura whiri tātou;
whiringa a nuku, whiringa a rangi, te whatia e
Issue of one womb, we are a rope woven of many strands; woven on earth, woven in heaven, it will not break (Rev Māori Marsden, 1992)
Ngati Te Takinga is a hapū (sub-tribe) belonging to the Iwi (tribe) Ngati Pikiao. An affiliated member of the Te Arawa confederation of tribes, Ngati Pikiao occupies the Okere and Rotoiti Lakes district of Rotorua in the central North Island of Aotearoa New Zealand.
This thesis seeks to acknowledge and address the concerns that Ngati Te Takinga has regarding impending cultural discontinuity. The concerns arise due to the hapū's limited human capability and capacity being the result of three things. Firstly, the ongoing demise of tribal elders (and leaders) and the subsequent loss to the hapū of cultural knowledge, skills, leadership and expertise. Secondly, the low numbers of adept,
culturally proficient successors 'coming through' (to replace the elders) and finally, the detribalised and diasporic (dispersed) nature of our people. The hapū and the marae Te Takinga (a last outwardly discernible bastion of Ngati Te Takinga cultural identity and distinction) are jeopardised as a result of these phenomenon.
This thesis is part of a hapū strategy that attempts to address these problems. Positing the
reconnection of our dispersed Ngati Te Takinga 'away-dwellers' as a beginning
solution, the central questions raised by this thesis are  how [does] Ngati Te Takinga
'home-dweller' discourse impact on the 'coming home' experiences and 'reconnection'
of Ngati Te Takinga away-dwellers?  and  what are the [are there] implications for Ngati
Te Takinga cultural continuity? 
The maintenance of Ngati Te Takinga cultural continuity forms the aho mātua or main thread of this work. Using narrative enquiry as a broad methodological framework,stories were gathered from four different groups of Ngati Te Takinga peoples. The groups were home-dwellers (mana whenua or ahi kaa), te ahi tere (away-dwellers who
have returned home to live); te ahi tere (away-dwellers who intend returning in the future) and te ahi tere (away-dwellers who have no intention of returning home to live). The stories (narratives) investigated notions of home, belongingness and Māori identity in relation to the trichotomy of the connection, disconnection and the reconnection of Ngati Te Takinga peoples; the stories were analysed and co-constructed with participants for meaning.
The stories showed that while the hapū aspires to gather up the strengths of a dispersed people to reinvigorate our culture and the marae, existing and competing discourses around authenticity, authority and Ngati Te Takinga identity create a tension between the home (mana whenua/ahi kaa) and away-dwelling Ngati Te Takinga people; including those away-dwellers who have returned. As a basic requirement, this tension must be
diminished in order to build the relationships necessary to improve hapū allegiance
(whānaungatanga), to build hapū strength and to maintain hapū culture and identity. As a priority, decolonising strategies that facilitate an understanding of diversity, promote
participation, maintain tikanga and include our away-dwellers, our 'returnees' and/or our
disconnected people in our hapū-marae interactions, must be considered, developed,
promoted and practiced.

year: 2008