title: Extraterritoriality and the Rule of Law

authors: Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor

abstract: This paper will focus on state responsibility. In particular, it will focus on the obligation of states under Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration 1992 “to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of … areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”.
The ideal of legal equality, or the universal application of the law to all persons (natural and juridical) by the ordinary courts is a key ingredient of the Rule of Law. This paper will therefore argue that extraterritorial legislation should be used by states to control the activities of non-state actors (e.g. citizens, permanent residents, and registered aircraft, companies, and ships) as a universal mechanism for preventing damage to the global environment generally - and areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (such as the Polar regions) in particular.
To address this central question the paper will critically examine and interrogate the legal and theoretical basis for extraterritorial legislation from the perspectives of constitutional law, criminal law, environmental law, and international law.

text: Extraterritoriality and the Rule of Law This paper will focus on state responsibility. In particular, it will focus on the obligation of states under Principle 2 of the Rio Declaration 1992 “to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction or control do not cause damage to the environment of … areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction”.
The ideal of legal equality, or the universal application of the law to all persons (natural and juridical) by the ordinary courts is a key ingredient of the Rule of Law. This paper will therefore argue that extraterritorial legislation should be used by states to control the activities of non-state actors (e.g. citizens, permanent residents, and registered aircraft, companies, and ships) as a universal mechanism for preventing damage to the global environment generally - and areas beyond the limits of national jurisdiction (such as the Polar regions) in particular.
To address this central question the paper will critically examine and interrogate the legal and theoretical basis for extraterritorial legislation from the perspectives of constitutional law, criminal law, environmental law, and international law.

year: 2020

title: A comparison of ruthenium-catalysed arene hydrogenation reactions in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids

authors: Dyson, Paul J.

subjects: arenes

abstract: The hydrogenation of benzene and other arene substrates under biphasic conditions is evaluated using the catalyst precursor Ru(n₆-C₁₀H₁₄)(pta)Cl₂(pta=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) immobilised in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids. The effect that contamination of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids with chloride has on the hydrogenation reaction has also been examined. Of the immobilisation solvents tested the optimum solvent was found to be chloride-free 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Catalytic turnovers in this solvent are highest, and in general, turnovers for the hydrogenation reactions follow the trend: chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate > water > chloridecontaminated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

text: A comparison of ruthenium-catalysed arene hydrogenation reactions in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids The hydrogenation of benzene and other arene substrates under biphasic conditions is evaluated using the catalyst precursor Ru(n₆-C₁₀H₁₄)(pta)Cl₂(pta=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) immobilised in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids. The effect that contamination of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids with chloride has on the hydrogenation reaction has also been examined. Of the immobilisation solvents tested the optimum solvent was found to be chloride-free 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Catalytic turnovers in this solvent are highest, and in general, turnovers for the hydrogenation reactions follow the trend: chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate > water > chloridecontaminated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

year: 2003

title: Supervision as cultural partnership: Contributions to dialogue

authors: Crocket, Kathie

abstract: The term cultural supervision has been coined as part of a strategy that implicates supervision in the support and development of culturally appropriate therapeutic practice. In Aotearoa New Zealand particular focus has been given to supervision where the client is Māori and the practitioner is a member of the dominant Pākehā culture particularly, or of other non-Māori cultures. However, while the phrase cultural supervision has entered common professional parlance, the practice has had little research attention in counselling/psychotherapy in New Zealand. Cultural supervision appears to encompass a range of understandings, and there is no clear agreement about practice implications. It is unclear what alignment there is between aspirations, regulations, and practice. This article reports on an exploratory qualitative study that investigated how supervision might work in supporting culturally appropriate counselling practice in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study’s findings are presented as a multi-voiced dialogue. This arts-based representational practice enacts the uncertainties of post-colonial experience. Its intention is to make assumptions, ideas, and practices available for discussion. Its contribution is to join current dialogue about supervision and culture, and to raise further questions about how supervision and culturally appropriate practice come together.

text: Supervision as cultural partnership: Contributions to dialogue The term cultural supervision has been coined as part of a strategy that implicates supervision in the support and development of culturally appropriate therapeutic practice. In Aotearoa New Zealand particular focus has been given to supervision where the client is Māori and the practitioner is a member of the dominant Pākehā culture particularly, or of other non-Māori cultures. However, while the phrase cultural supervision has entered common professional parlance, the practice has had little research attention in counselling/psychotherapy in New Zealand. Cultural supervision appears to encompass a range of understandings, and there is no clear agreement about practice implications. It is unclear what alignment there is between aspirations, regulations, and practice. This article reports on an exploratory qualitative study that investigated how supervision might work in supporting culturally appropriate counselling practice in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study’s findings are presented as a multi-voiced dialogue. This arts-based representational practice enacts the uncertainties of post-colonial experience. Its intention is to make assumptions, ideas, and practices available for discussion. Its contribution is to join current dialogue about supervision and culture, and to raise further questions about how supervision and culturally appropriate practice come together.

year: 2015