title: The microeconomic determinants of emigration and return migration of the best and brightest: Evidence from the Pacific

authors: Gibson, John

subjects: brain drain

abstract: A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of these migration choices. Although we estimate that the income gains from migration are very large, not everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of highly skilled individuals the emigration decision is found to be most strongly associated with preference variables such as risk aversion and patience, and choice of subjects in secondary school, and not strongly linked to either liquidity constraints or to the gain in income to be had from migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the income opportunities in different countries. Overall the data suggest a relatively limited role for income maximization in distinguishing migration propensities among the very highly skilled, and a need to pay more attention to other components of the utility maximization decision.

text: The microeconomic determinants of emigration and return migration of the best and brightest: Evidence from the Pacific A unique survey which tracks worldwide the best and brightest academic performers from three Pacific countries is used to assess the extent of emigration and return migration among the very highly skilled, and to analyze, at the microeconomic level, the determinants of these migration choices. Although we estimate that the income gains from migration are very large, not everyone migrates and many return. Within this group of highly skilled individuals the emigration decision is found to be most strongly associated with preference variables such as risk aversion and patience, and choice of subjects in secondary school, and not strongly linked to either liquidity constraints or to the gain in income to be had from migrating. Likewise, the decision to return is strongly linked to family and lifestyle reasons, rather than to the income opportunities in different countries. Overall the data suggest a relatively limited role for income maximization in distinguishing migration propensities among the very highly skilled, and a need to pay more attention to other components of the utility maximization decision.

year: 2011

title: High temperature mechanical properties of Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy produced using powder compact forging of a mechanically milled powder

authors: Nadakuduru, Vijay Navaratna

subjects: engineering

abstract: Ultrafine grained (UFG) Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy was prepared using a combination of high energy ball milling of a mixture of elemental powders to produce a Ti/Al/Cr composite powder and forging of compacts of this composite powder. The microstucture of the powder forged alloy was found to be dependent on the initial condition of the powder. The alloy produced by this method has demonstrated good formability, both in tensile and compression testings at elevated temperatures. A ductility of 80–165% in tension has been observed, while in a compression plastic strain of ~ 50% was found to be easily achievable, without causing cracking. The deformation behaviour of the particular alloy in tension and compression at elevated temperature has been discussed in detail. The results from the present investigation indicate that UFG Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy produced using powder compact forging has good formability, and is suitable precursor for near-net shaping using thermomechanical processes such as forging and superplastic forming.

text: High temperature mechanical properties of Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy produced using powder compact forging of a mechanically milled powder Ultrafine grained (UFG) Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy was prepared using a combination of high energy ball milling of a mixture of elemental powders to produce a Ti/Al/Cr composite powder and forging of compacts of this composite powder. The microstucture of the powder forged alloy was found to be dependent on the initial condition of the powder. The alloy produced by this method has demonstrated good formability, both in tensile and compression testings at elevated temperatures. A ductility of 80–165% in tension has been observed, while in a compression plastic strain of ~ 50% was found to be easily achievable, without causing cracking. The deformation behaviour of the particular alloy in tension and compression at elevated temperature has been discussed in detail. The results from the present investigation indicate that UFG Ti-47Al-2Cr (at %) alloy produced using powder compact forging has good formability, and is suitable precursor for near-net shaping using thermomechanical processes such as forging and superplastic forming.

year: 2009

title: Enacting Kaitiakitanga Challenges and Complexities in the Governance and Ownership of Rongoā Research Information.

authors: Boulton, Amohia

subjects: Indigenous

abstract: This article explores the tensions one research team has faced in securing appropriate governance or stewardship (which we refer to as kaitiakitanga) of research data. Whilst ethical and regulatory frameworks exist which provide a minimum standard for researchers to meet when working with Māori, what our experience has highlighted is there is currently a “governance” gap in terms of who should hold stewardship of research data collected from Māori individuals or collectives. In the case of a project undertaken in the traditional healing space, the organisation best placed to fulfil this governance role receives no funding or support to take on such a responsibility; consequently by default, this role is being borne by the research team until such time as capacity can be built and adequate resourcing secured. In addition, we have realised that the tensions played out in this research project have implications for the broader issue of how we protect traditional knowledge in a modern intellectual property law context, and once again how we adequately support those, often community-based organisations, who work at the interface between Indigenous knowledge and the Western world.

text: Enacting Kaitiakitanga Challenges and Complexities in the Governance and Ownership of Rongoā Research Information. This article explores the tensions one research team has faced in securing appropriate governance or stewardship (which we refer to as kaitiakitanga) of research data. Whilst ethical and regulatory frameworks exist which provide a minimum standard for researchers to meet when working with Māori, what our experience has highlighted is there is currently a “governance” gap in terms of who should hold stewardship of research data collected from Māori individuals or collectives. In the case of a project undertaken in the traditional healing space, the organisation best placed to fulfil this governance role receives no funding or support to take on such a responsibility; consequently by default, this role is being borne by the research team until such time as capacity can be built and adequate resourcing secured. In addition, we have realised that the tensions played out in this research project have implications for the broader issue of how we protect traditional knowledge in a modern intellectual property law context, and once again how we adequately support those, often community-based organisations, who work at the interface between Indigenous knowledge and the Western world.

year: 2014