title: Tanzania and Uganda: Contrasting similarities

authors: Zirker, Daniel

abstract: Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya provide striking institutional comparisons and contrasts in both ethno-political dynamics and civil-military relations, although both Tanzania and Uganda, in what were arguably their most formative periods at least, displayed what Ali Mazrui described as "the most acute manifestation[s] of the crisis of identity," while employing ethno-politics to resist the remnants of their colonial dependency. ¹ Both manifested forms of invented military ethnic identities, or quasi-ethnicities, at one or another junctures, although under very different circumstances, and for very different purposes. After the infamous 1971 Idi Amin coup, Uganda reverted to government by an ethnic, or quasi-ethnic, "Muslim club,"² the Nubian "martial race," or "warrior class," that had originally assisted in the establishment of the British colony of Uganda, prompting Mazrui to comment in 1975 that "tribalism in Africa is unlikely to disappear within a single lifetime. " ³ And yet tribalism seems largely to have done precisely this in neighboring Tanzania except, perhaps, for the emergence of religious differences in the 1990s as potentially divisive and even catastrophic factors.

text: Tanzania and Uganda: Contrasting similarities Tanzania, Uganda and Kenya provide striking institutional comparisons and contrasts in both ethno-political dynamics and civil-military relations, although both Tanzania and Uganda, in what were arguably their most formative periods at least, displayed what Ali Mazrui described as "the most acute manifestation[s] of the crisis of identity," while employing ethno-politics to resist the remnants of their colonial dependency. ¹ Both manifested forms of invented military ethnic identities, or quasi-ethnicities, at one or another junctures, although under very different circumstances, and for very different purposes. After the infamous 1971 Idi Amin coup, Uganda reverted to government by an ethnic, or quasi-ethnic, "Muslim club,"² the Nubian "martial race," or "warrior class," that had originally assisted in the establishment of the British colony of Uganda, prompting Mazrui to comment in 1975 that "tribalism in Africa is unlikely to disappear within a single lifetime. " ³ And yet tribalism seems largely to have done precisely this in neighboring Tanzania except, perhaps, for the emergence of religious differences in the 1990s as potentially divisive and even catastrophic factors.

year: 2015

title: Making positive use of the fibrillation of lyocell fibres in composite materials

authors: Graupner, Nina

abstract: The present study investigates the influence of surface fibrillation of lyocell fibres on the adhesion and resulting properties of short fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and polylactide (PLA) composites. Fibrillation was shown to reduce the tensile strength and elongation at break of the fibres, while not affecting Young's modulus. It was demonstrated that fibrillation improved adhesion significantly compared to non-fibrillated (untreated) fibres, and the critical fibre length determined by microbond tests was reduced. Despite the reduced tensile strength of the fibrillated lyocell fibres, the tensile strength of the composites was increased by a factor of 1.15 for PP and 1.62 for PLA compared to composites produced with untreated fibres. The Young's modulus of the composites was increased using fibrillated fibres by a factor of 1.41 for PP and 1.20 for PLA. The impact strength was also improved by using fibrillated fibres by a factor of 1.38 for PP-based and 1.23 for PLA-based composites. Surface fibrillation of lyocell offers interesting application possibilities, particularly for short fibre-reinforced materials, as the higher specific fibre surface reduces the critical fibre length of lyocell, leading to improved stress transfer from the matrix to the fibre. These fibres seem particularly promising to enhance the mechanical properties of short-fibre reinforced composites for 3D printing applications.

text: Making positive use of the fibrillation of lyocell fibres in composite materials The present study investigates the influence of surface fibrillation of lyocell fibres on the adhesion and resulting properties of short fibre-reinforced polypropylene (PP) and polylactide (PLA) composites. Fibrillation was shown to reduce the tensile strength and elongation at break of the fibres, while not affecting Young's modulus. It was demonstrated that fibrillation improved adhesion significantly compared to non-fibrillated (untreated) fibres, and the critical fibre length determined by microbond tests was reduced. Despite the reduced tensile strength of the fibrillated lyocell fibres, the tensile strength of the composites was increased by a factor of 1.15 for PP and 1.62 for PLA compared to composites produced with untreated fibres. The Young's modulus of the composites was increased using fibrillated fibres by a factor of 1.41 for PP and 1.20 for PLA. The impact strength was also improved by using fibrillated fibres by a factor of 1.38 for PP-based and 1.23 for PLA-based composites. Surface fibrillation of lyocell offers interesting application possibilities, particularly for short fibre-reinforced materials, as the higher specific fibre surface reduces the critical fibre length of lyocell, leading to improved stress transfer from the matrix to the fibre. These fibres seem particularly promising to enhance the mechanical properties of short-fibre reinforced composites for 3D printing applications.

year: 2023-07-01

title: Restorying the individual: The cultural dimension of special education in three Te Arawa sites

authors: Macfarlane, Angus H

subjects: Māori special education

abstract: On the basis of observation of three Te Arawa educational sites, it is argued here that a central characteristic of successful programmes that attend to Māori students with special needs is cultural-centredness. Significant aspects of that culture-centredness are outlined here, aspects that, it is argued, are fundamental to the process of restorying that is, it is argued, critical to the success of many Māori students, particularly those with special needs.

text: Restorying the individual: The cultural dimension of special education in three Te Arawa sites On the basis of observation of three Te Arawa educational sites, it is argued here that a central characteristic of successful programmes that attend to Māori students with special needs is cultural-centredness. Significant aspects of that culture-centredness are outlined here, aspects that, it is argued, are fundamental to the process of restorying that is, it is argued, critical to the success of many Māori students, particularly those with special needs.

year: 2002-09