title: Emerging economies, productivity growth and trade with resource-rich economies by 2030

authors: Anderson, Kym

subjects: Asian economic growth and structural change

abstract: Rapid economic growth in some emerging economies in recent decades has significantly increased their global economic importance. If this rapid growth continues and is strongest in resource-poor Asian economies, the growth in global demand for imports of primary products also will continue, to the ongoing benefit of natural resource-rich countries. This paper explores how global production, consumption and trade patterns might change over the next two decades in the course of economic development and structural changes under various scenarios. We employ the GTAP model and version 8.1 of the GTAP database with a base year of 2007, along with supplementary data from a range of sources, to support projections of the global economy to 2030. We first project a baseline assuming that trade-related policies do not change in each region but that factor endowments and real GDP grow at exogenously estimated rates. That baseline is compared with two alternative scenarios: one in which the growth rates of China and India are lower by one-quarter and the other in which this slowdown in emerging economies leads to slower productivity growth in the primary sectors of all countries. Throughout the results, implications are drawn out for natural resource-abundant economies, including Australia and New Zealand.

text: Emerging economies, productivity growth and trade with resource-rich economies by 2030 Rapid economic growth in some emerging economies in recent decades has significantly increased their global economic importance. If this rapid growth continues and is strongest in resource-poor Asian economies, the growth in global demand for imports of primary products also will continue, to the ongoing benefit of natural resource-rich countries. This paper explores how global production, consumption and trade patterns might change over the next two decades in the course of economic development and structural changes under various scenarios. We employ the GTAP model and version 8.1 of the GTAP database with a base year of 2007, along with supplementary data from a range of sources, to support projections of the global economy to 2030. We first project a baseline assuming that trade-related policies do not change in each region but that factor endowments and real GDP grow at exogenously estimated rates. That baseline is compared with two alternative scenarios: one in which the growth rates of China and India are lower by one-quarter and the other in which this slowdown in emerging economies leads to slower productivity growth in the primary sectors of all countries. Throughout the results, implications are drawn out for natural resource-abundant economies, including Australia and New Zealand.

year: 2014

title: Supercapacitor assisted extra low frequency power converters and surge protectors: Applying Supercapacitor Assisted Loss Management Concept in practical applications

authors: Ariyarathna, Thilanga

abstract: Traditionally, supercapacitors are used as energy storage devices, replacing or hybridizing with batteries. Typical applications include UPS, power quality enhancers, automotive, electric vehicles and portable devices. However, if a super-capacitor is treated as a device with a million times higher capacitance, they can be used in different application domains, such as high-efficiency linear DC-DC converters, surge absorbers, LED lighting systems and inverters with completely new design approaches. These supercapacitor-assisted (SCA) techniques use the two essential properties of an ideal supercapacitor, (i) very long time constant and/or (ii) performances as lossless voltage droppers. This paper presents a summary of Supercapacitor Assisted Loss Management (SCALoM), as the underlying basis for high-efficiency converters and protection systems, such as the SCA low dropout (SCALDO) regulator, SCA surge absorber (SCASA) and others. An important property of SCALDO is high efficiency at a very low frequency with DC-UPS capability. SCASA is a high-performance surge absorber with less component count than traditional protectors and with higher endurance to repeated high surges, adhering to UL 1449 (3rd Edition) test procedure. The paper will also show how SCALoM concept could be generally used in converters useful in renewable energy systems.

text: Supercapacitor assisted extra low frequency power converters and surge protectors: Applying Supercapacitor Assisted Loss Management Concept in practical applications Traditionally, supercapacitors are used as energy storage devices, replacing or hybridizing with batteries. Typical applications include UPS, power quality enhancers, automotive, electric vehicles and portable devices. However, if a super-capacitor is treated as a device with a million times higher capacitance, they can be used in different application domains, such as high-efficiency linear DC-DC converters, surge absorbers, LED lighting systems and inverters with completely new design approaches. These supercapacitor-assisted (SCA) techniques use the two essential properties of an ideal supercapacitor, (i) very long time constant and/or (ii) performances as lossless voltage droppers. This paper presents a summary of Supercapacitor Assisted Loss Management (SCALoM), as the underlying basis for high-efficiency converters and protection systems, such as the SCA low dropout (SCALDO) regulator, SCA surge absorber (SCASA) and others. An important property of SCALDO is high efficiency at a very low frequency with DC-UPS capability. SCASA is a high-performance surge absorber with less component count than traditional protectors and with higher endurance to repeated high surges, adhering to UL 1449 (3rd Edition) test procedure. The paper will also show how SCALoM concept could be generally used in converters useful in renewable energy systems.

year: 2023-01-01

title: Boat electrofishing salvage of fish in the Lower Mangamahoe Dam reservoir

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

abstract: The aim of the survey was to salvage fish from the Lower Mangamahoe Dam reservoir before dewatering and dam removal. We used the University of Waikato’s 4.5 m-long, aluminium-hulled electrofishing boat to catch a total of 140 fish weighing an estimated 37.0 kg along 8 fishing tracks sites on 24 February 2022. These tracks comprised 2,807 lineal m and 11,228 m2 in area. Shortfin eels (Anguilla australis) and common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) were the only fish species present. Mean density of eels caught was 2.9 fish 100 m–2 and mean biomass was 7.84 g m–2. The eels and bullies were transferred to sites downstream in the Waiwhakaiho River by iwi members of the two hapū - Ngāti Te Whiti and Ngāti Tawhirikura. Water clarity, expressed as black disc distance (BDD, 1.05 m), was good for a shallow lake, and water temperature and water conductivity were close to optimum for electrofishing. Poor water clarity can reduce the efficiency of electrofishing, so we left time after fishing each track for the sediment suspended by the propellor wash to sink before refishing a track.

text: Boat electrofishing salvage of fish in the Lower Mangamahoe Dam reservoir The aim of the survey was to salvage fish from the Lower Mangamahoe Dam reservoir before dewatering and dam removal. We used the University of Waikato’s 4.5 m-long, aluminium-hulled electrofishing boat to catch a total of 140 fish weighing an estimated 37.0 kg along 8 fishing tracks sites on 24 February 2022. These tracks comprised 2,807 lineal m and 11,228 m2 in area. Shortfin eels (Anguilla australis) and common bullies (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) were the only fish species present. Mean density of eels caught was 2.9 fish 100 m–2 and mean biomass was 7.84 g m–2. The eels and bullies were transferred to sites downstream in the Waiwhakaiho River by iwi members of the two hapū - Ngāti Te Whiti and Ngāti Tawhirikura. Water clarity, expressed as black disc distance (BDD, 1.05 m), was good for a shallow lake, and water temperature and water conductivity were close to optimum for electrofishing. Poor water clarity can reduce the efficiency of electrofishing, so we left time after fishing each track for the sediment suspended by the propellor wash to sink before refishing a track.

year: 2022