title: Nitrogen fixation and bulk organic removal in a bleached krall pulp and paper mill treatment system

authors: Frost, Nicola M.

subjects: New Zealand Pulp & Paper industry

abstract: A study was undertaken to assess some effects of nitrogen fixation and bulk organic substrate removal in a New Zealand bleached kraft pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment system. A novel wastewater biological treatment system based on nitrogen fixation has been identified as having significant potential for application in full scale treatment of pulp and paper and other nitrogen deficient wastewaters. This study contributes information about the significance and role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in such a system and will benefit development and optimisation of a wastewater treatment system based on nitrogen fixation. 
The specific aims of the study were i) to identify the bulk organic substrates present in the mill's treatment system, ii) to study some effects of changing the wastewater composition on the processes occurring in a nitrogen fixing biological treatment system and iii) to obtain and characterise some of the nitrogen fixing microorganisms present in this system. 
Methanol, acetic acid and glucose accounted for approximately 43% of the soluble chemical oxygen demand entering the treatment system. The remaining 57% was unidentified in this study. Acetic acid was the first identified substrate removed from the treatment system, implicating this compound as the preferred substrate under these conditions. 
A laboratory continuous culture experiment demonstrated that increases in acetate and methanol concentrations in the wastewater did not affect specific substrate removal and nitrogen fixation rates in the system but may have changed the microbial population. Low biomass nitrogen results were obtained in this experiment and attributed to microbial intracellular storage of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. 
Isolates were obtained from the mill's treatment system which were able to fix nitrogen under microaerophilic conditions. Four selected isolates were able to utilise methanol, acetic acid and glucose under nitrogen fixing conditions. All of these isolates removed acetic acid from a mixed carbon substrate medium before methanol and glucose, consistent with individual substrate removal found in the Tasman treatment system.

text: Nitrogen fixation and bulk organic removal in a bleached krall pulp and paper mill treatment system A study was undertaken to assess some effects of nitrogen fixation and bulk organic substrate removal in a New Zealand bleached kraft pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment system. A novel wastewater biological treatment system based on nitrogen fixation has been identified as having significant potential for application in full scale treatment of pulp and paper and other nitrogen deficient wastewaters. This study contributes information about the significance and role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in such a system and will benefit development and optimisation of a wastewater treatment system based on nitrogen fixation. 
The specific aims of the study were i) to identify the bulk organic substrates present in the mill's treatment system, ii) to study some effects of changing the wastewater composition on the processes occurring in a nitrogen fixing biological treatment system and iii) to obtain and characterise some of the nitrogen fixing microorganisms present in this system. 
Methanol, acetic acid and glucose accounted for approximately 43% of the soluble chemical oxygen demand entering the treatment system. The remaining 57% was unidentified in this study. Acetic acid was the first identified substrate removed from the treatment system, implicating this compound as the preferred substrate under these conditions. 
A laboratory continuous culture experiment demonstrated that increases in acetate and methanol concentrations in the wastewater did not affect specific substrate removal and nitrogen fixation rates in the system but may have changed the microbial population. Low biomass nitrogen results were obtained in this experiment and attributed to microbial intracellular storage of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. 
Isolates were obtained from the mill's treatment system which were able to fix nitrogen under microaerophilic conditions. Four selected isolates were able to utilise methanol, acetic acid and glucose under nitrogen fixing conditions. All of these isolates removed acetic acid from a mixed carbon substrate medium before methanol and glucose, consistent with individual substrate removal found in the Tasman treatment system.

year: 1998

title: Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic with goethite modified by boron under UV–vis light irradiation

authors: Liu, Guanglong

subjects: solid-phase

abstract: A novel photodegradable polyethylene-boron-goethite (PE-B-goethite) composite film was prepared by
embedding the boron-doped goethite into the commercial polyethylene. The goethite catalyst was
modified by boron in order to improve its photocatalytic efficiency under the ultraviolet and visible light
irradiation. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PE-B-goethite composite film was carried out
in an ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The properties of
composite films were compared with those of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
through performing weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, FT-IR
spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photo-induced degradation of PE-Bgoethite
composite films was higher than that of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
under the UV-irradiation, while there has been little change under the visible light irradiation. The
weight loss of the PE-B-goethite (0.4 wt.%) composite film reached 12.6% under the UV-irradiation for
300 h. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composite films was briefly discussed.

text: Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of polystyrene plastic with goethite modified by boron under UV–vis light irradiation A novel photodegradable polyethylene-boron-goethite (PE-B-goethite) composite film was prepared by
embedding the boron-doped goethite into the commercial polyethylene. The goethite catalyst was
modified by boron in order to improve its photocatalytic efficiency under the ultraviolet and visible light
irradiation. Solid-phase photocatalytic degradation of the PE-B-goethite composite film was carried out
in an ambient air at room temperature under ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. The properties of
composite films were compared with those of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
through performing weight loss monitoring, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, FT-IR
spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photo-induced degradation of PE-Bgoethite
composite films was higher than that of the pure PE films and the PE-goethite composite films
under the UV-irradiation, while there has been little change under the visible light irradiation. The
weight loss of the PE-B-goethite (0.4 wt.%) composite film reached 12.6% under the UV-irradiation for
300 h. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of the composite films was briefly discussed.

year: 2010

title: A local Aotearoa New Zealand investigation of the contribution of Māori cultural knowledges to Pakeha identity and counselling practices

authors: Te Wiata, Joy

subjects: Pakeha identity

abstract: This project investigates the experiences of a small group of social service  practitioners as they consider the question of what it means to be Pakeha in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2004.  Specifically this study considers the contribution  of Māori cultural knowledges to Pakeha identity.  It also explores whether therapeutic practices that participants have available, are relevant to their current  claims of Pakeha identity.   This study highlights the complexity of experience and multiple stories that inform constructions of identity.   In approaching the topic I was aware that many  important stories of people's lived experience are not often told.  People are often silenced due to the difficulty of 'telling'.  In this exploration, space was created  for the telling of stories, which are often not easily told:  stories of struggle and pain; stories of compassionate witnessing; stories of rule-breaking; stories of  stepping into territory beyond binaries and stories of richness and delight.   Knowledges have been produced that indicate the need for carefully crafted space for often very difficult identity conversations to occur and for voices to be heard.   Further, the study has produced knowledges for scaffolding for respectful and honouring conversations .  The stories of this project indicate that the  conversations required, have their foundation through engagement with the value of fairness.  Findings also indicate that forums, where mutual contribution to  identity for both Māori and Pakeha can be acknowledged, are a critical to establishing ongoing honourable relationships between Pakeha and Māori New Zealanders.     Throughout this project participants acknowledge and honour the rich  contribution of Māori knowledges and language to their Pakeha identity.

text: A local Aotearoa New Zealand investigation of the contribution of Māori cultural knowledges to Pakeha identity and counselling practices This project investigates the experiences of a small group of social service  practitioners as they consider the question of what it means to be Pakeha in Aotearoa New Zealand in 2004.  Specifically this study considers the contribution  of Māori cultural knowledges to Pakeha identity.  It also explores whether therapeutic practices that participants have available, are relevant to their current  claims of Pakeha identity.   This study highlights the complexity of experience and multiple stories that inform constructions of identity.   In approaching the topic I was aware that many  important stories of people's lived experience are not often told.  People are often silenced due to the difficulty of 'telling'.  In this exploration, space was created  for the telling of stories, which are often not easily told:  stories of struggle and pain; stories of compassionate witnessing; stories of rule-breaking; stories of  stepping into territory beyond binaries and stories of richness and delight.   Knowledges have been produced that indicate the need for carefully crafted space for often very difficult identity conversations to occur and for voices to be heard.   Further, the study has produced knowledges for scaffolding for respectful and honouring conversations .  The stories of this project indicate that the  conversations required, have their foundation through engagement with the value of fairness.  Findings also indicate that forums, where mutual contribution to  identity for both Māori and Pakeha can be acknowledged, are a critical to establishing ongoing honourable relationships between Pakeha and Māori New Zealanders.     Throughout this project participants acknowledge and honour the rich  contribution of Māori knowledges and language to their Pakeha identity.

year: 2006