title: Multi-hazard analysis and mapping in support of coastal city growth planning and resilience building

authors: Raynor, Steve C.

abstract: High growth in Tauranga is causing increased pressure to develop hazard-prone land. A key tool in evaluating safer potential growth areas is the quantification and spatial mapping of individual natural hazards. In a hazard-rich, coastal environment like Tauranga a newly developed multi-hazard mapping technique gives additional clarity through direct comparison of total hazard levels across the city. By aggregating individual hazards, a summative multi-hazard rating for each part of the city can be developed as a strategic decision support tool, aiding in city planning and engineering decision making. This study initially quantifies Tauranga’s natural hazards of sea-level rise, tsunami, flooding, storm surge, earthquake, coastal erosion, liquefaction and landslides. Each hazard is spatially represented through hazard maps and additionally processed to enable aggregation with other hazards to produce the multi-hazard rating. Individual hazards are combined by application of a new technique to create a summative multihazard model representing the aggregated hazard at each point of the city. This allows an area with tsunami, liquefaction and storm surge as dominant hazards to be directly compared with an area of different hazards such as flooding and landslides. The resultant spatial map provides a visual interpretation of the accumulated hazard level at all points of the city. Map results show the highest aggregated hazard areas in Tauranga are along the coast. Lower hazard areas suitable for urban growth are distributed mostly away from the open coast on slightly elevated topography. Isolated high exposure pockets are additionally located throughout the city. This multi-hazard comparison can be adopted to guide city growth and enable targeted investment in resilience building projects.

text: Multi-hazard analysis and mapping in support of coastal city growth planning and resilience building High growth in Tauranga is causing increased pressure to develop hazard-prone land. A key tool in evaluating safer potential growth areas is the quantification and spatial mapping of individual natural hazards. In a hazard-rich, coastal environment like Tauranga a newly developed multi-hazard mapping technique gives additional clarity through direct comparison of total hazard levels across the city. By aggregating individual hazards, a summative multi-hazard rating for each part of the city can be developed as a strategic decision support tool, aiding in city planning and engineering decision making. This study initially quantifies Tauranga’s natural hazards of sea-level rise, tsunami, flooding, storm surge, earthquake, coastal erosion, liquefaction and landslides. Each hazard is spatially represented through hazard maps and additionally processed to enable aggregation with other hazards to produce the multi-hazard rating. Individual hazards are combined by application of a new technique to create a summative multihazard model representing the aggregated hazard at each point of the city. This allows an area with tsunami, liquefaction and storm surge as dominant hazards to be directly compared with an area of different hazards such as flooding and landslides. The resultant spatial map provides a visual interpretation of the accumulated hazard level at all points of the city. Map results show the highest aggregated hazard areas in Tauranga are along the coast. Lower hazard areas suitable for urban growth are distributed mostly away from the open coast on slightly elevated topography. Isolated high exposure pockets are additionally located throughout the city. This multi-hazard comparison can be adopted to guide city growth and enable targeted investment in resilience building projects.

year: 2020

title: A descriptive case study of skilled football goalkeepers during 1 v 1 dyads: A case for adaptive variability in the Quiet Eye

authors: Franks, Benjamin

abstract: Evidence investigating skilled performers in sport suggests that a prominent component of skilled behavior is, in part, due to the development of more effective and efficient perception-action couplings. Further, the Quiet Eye has emerged as a useful tool in which to investigate how skilled performers regulate action through fixating on visual information within the immediate environment before the onset of a goal directed movement. However, only a few contributions to the literature have attempted to examine the individual variations within these Quiet Eye fixations in skilled participants. In this case study, we first asked how goalkeepers control their actions, via the Quiet Eye in a representative task. Second, we sought to examine whether inter- and intra- individual differences in the Quiet Eye are present in skilled goalkeepers as a functional component of skilled performance. Results were consistent with previous work on football goalkeepers, with QE fixations located at the ball and visual pivot. However, individual analysis reveals different Quiet Eye gaze patterning between (inter) and within (intra) the goalkeepers during saving actions. To conclude, we have provided a descriptive case study in attempt to understand the Quiet Eye behaviors of a skilled sample of professional goalkeepers. In doing so we have suggested how adaptive variability, founded upon an Ecological Dynamics framework, may provide further insight into the function of the Quiet Eye.

text: A descriptive case study of skilled football goalkeepers during 1 v 1 dyads: A case for adaptive variability in the Quiet Eye Evidence investigating skilled performers in sport suggests that a prominent component of skilled behavior is, in part, due to the development of more effective and efficient perception-action couplings. Further, the Quiet Eye has emerged as a useful tool in which to investigate how skilled performers regulate action through fixating on visual information within the immediate environment before the onset of a goal directed movement. However, only a few contributions to the literature have attempted to examine the individual variations within these Quiet Eye fixations in skilled participants. In this case study, we first asked how goalkeepers control their actions, via the Quiet Eye in a representative task. Second, we sought to examine whether inter- and intra- individual differences in the Quiet Eye are present in skilled goalkeepers as a functional component of skilled performance. Results were consistent with previous work on football goalkeepers, with QE fixations located at the ball and visual pivot. However, individual analysis reveals different Quiet Eye gaze patterning between (inter) and within (intra) the goalkeepers during saving actions. To conclude, we have provided a descriptive case study in attempt to understand the Quiet Eye behaviors of a skilled sample of professional goalkeepers. In doing so we have suggested how adaptive variability, founded upon an Ecological Dynamics framework, may provide further insight into the function of the Quiet Eye.

year: 2022

title: Using the stars to indigenize the public sphere: Matariki over New Zealand

authors: Hardy, Anna

subjects: Arts & Humanities

abstract: As the rate of affiliation to Christian identity continues to decline in Aotearoa New Zealand (only 49 percent of the population said they were Christian in the last census), public space has become more receptive to other forms of religiosity. In particular, community rituals around the winter movements of the Matariki (Pleiades) constellation have gained support since the year 2000. For instance, the capital city, Wellington, has replaced a centuries’ old British fireworks festival, Guy Fawkes, with an enlarged version of its Matariki celebrations: an action seen as a tipping point in the incorporation of Māori spiritual values into public life. Interactions between European colonisers and Māori have been characterised for more than 250 years by tensions between the relational thinking of Māori who see human beings as both participating in and constrained by an environment resonant with divine energies, and the quantitative, hierarchical, ‘Great Chain of Being’ model that had long been dominant among Europeans. Now, when the natural environment worldwide is under strain from population and economic pressures, it seems to some both appropriate and vital to look to epistemological and spiritual models that are intimately responsive to the specificities of location.

text: Using the stars to indigenize the public sphere: Matariki over New Zealand As the rate of affiliation to Christian identity continues to decline in Aotearoa New Zealand (only 49 percent of the population said they were Christian in the last census), public space has become more receptive to other forms of religiosity. In particular, community rituals around the winter movements of the Matariki (Pleiades) constellation have gained support since the year 2000. For instance, the capital city, Wellington, has replaced a centuries’ old British fireworks festival, Guy Fawkes, with an enlarged version of its Matariki celebrations: an action seen as a tipping point in the incorporation of Māori spiritual values into public life. Interactions between European colonisers and Māori have been characterised for more than 250 years by tensions between the relational thinking of Māori who see human beings as both participating in and constrained by an environment resonant with divine energies, and the quantitative, hierarchical, ‘Great Chain of Being’ model that had long been dominant among Europeans. Now, when the natural environment worldwide is under strain from population and economic pressures, it seems to some both appropriate and vital to look to epistemological and spiritual models that are intimately responsive to the specificities of location.

year: 2019