title: Empowering equitable data use partnerships and indigenous data sovereignties amid pandemic genomics

authors: Haring, Rodney C.

subjects: American Indian/Alaska Native

abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has inequitably impacted Indigenous communities in the United States. In this emergency state that highlighted existing inadequacies in US government and tribal public health infrastructures, many tribal nations contracted with commercial entities and other organization types to conduct rapid diagnostic and antibody testing, often based on proprietary technologies specific to the novel pathogen. They also partnered with public-private enterprises on clinical trials to further the development of vaccines. Indigenous people contributed biological samples for assessment and, in many cases, broadly consented for indefinite use for future genomics research. A concern is that the need for crisis aid may have placed Indigenous communities in a position to forego critical review of data use agreements by tribal research governances. In effect, tribal nations were placed in the unenviable position of trading short-term public health assistance for long-term, unrestricted access to Indigenous genomes that may disempower future tribal sovereignties over community members' data. Diagnostic testing, specimen collection, and vaccine research is ongoing; thus, our aim is to outline pathways to trust that center current and future equitable relationship-building between tribal entities and public-private interests. These pathways can be utilized to increase Indigenous communities' trust of external partners and share understanding of expectations for and execution of data protections. We discuss how to navigate genomic-based data use agreements in the context of pathogen genomics. While we focus on US tribal nations, Indigenous genomic data sovereignties relate to global Indigenous nations regardless of colonial government recognition.

text: Empowering equitable data use partnerships and indigenous data sovereignties amid pandemic genomics The COVID-19 pandemic has inequitably impacted Indigenous communities in the United States. In this emergency state that highlighted existing inadequacies in US government and tribal public health infrastructures, many tribal nations contracted with commercial entities and other organization types to conduct rapid diagnostic and antibody testing, often based on proprietary technologies specific to the novel pathogen. They also partnered with public-private enterprises on clinical trials to further the development of vaccines. Indigenous people contributed biological samples for assessment and, in many cases, broadly consented for indefinite use for future genomics research. A concern is that the need for crisis aid may have placed Indigenous communities in a position to forego critical review of data use agreements by tribal research governances. In effect, tribal nations were placed in the unenviable position of trading short-term public health assistance for long-term, unrestricted access to Indigenous genomes that may disempower future tribal sovereignties over community members' data. Diagnostic testing, specimen collection, and vaccine research is ongoing; thus, our aim is to outline pathways to trust that center current and future equitable relationship-building between tribal entities and public-private interests. These pathways can be utilized to increase Indigenous communities' trust of external partners and share understanding of expectations for and execution of data protections. We discuss how to navigate genomic-based data use agreements in the context of pathogen genomics. While we focus on US tribal nations, Indigenous genomic data sovereignties relate to global Indigenous nations regardless of colonial government recognition.

year: 2021

title: New ruthenium carbonyl clusters containing unusual  5-sulfido-,  4-benzyne-, and thianthrene-derived ligands: Insertion of ruthenium into the thianthrene ring by C-S activation

authors: Hassan, Mohammad R.

abstract: Treatment of [Ru3(CO)12] with thianthrene in refluxing toluene afforded [( 4-S)Ru4( -CO)2(CO)9( 4- 2-C6H4)] (1), [( 5-S)Ru6( -CO)2(CO)15( - 3-C12H8S)] (2), and [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)11( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4)] (3) in 18%, 8%, and 16% yields, respectively. Thermolysis of 2 in refluxing heptane gave compounds 1 and 3. A similar thermolysis of 3 in refluxing toluene gave 1 in 90% yield. Treatment of 3 with neat MeCN afforded the labile compound [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)10( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4)(MeCN)] (4) in 73% yield. The reaction of 4 with P(OMe)3 gave the substitution product [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)10( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4){P(OMe)3}] (5) in 52% yield. Compounds 1-4 have been structurally characterized. Compound 1 contains a  4-capping sulfido and a  4- 2-benzyne ligand, whereas 3, 4, and 5 contain  5-sulfido and  4- 2-benzyne ligands. The latter three compounds provide rare examples of  5-sulfido and metal-assisted opening of the thianthrene ligand on polynuclear centers. In compounds 1, 3, and 4 the  4- 2-benzyne ligand is perpendicular to the Ru4 face of the clusters and represents a previously uncharacterized bonding mode for benzyne.

text: New ruthenium carbonyl clusters containing unusual  5-sulfido-,  4-benzyne-, and thianthrene-derived ligands: Insertion of ruthenium into the thianthrene ring by C-S activation Treatment of [Ru3(CO)12] with thianthrene in refluxing toluene afforded [( 4-S)Ru4( -CO)2(CO)9( 4- 2-C6H4)] (1), [( 5-S)Ru6( -CO)2(CO)15( - 3-C12H8S)] (2), and [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)11( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4)] (3) in 18%, 8%, and 16% yields, respectively. Thermolysis of 2 in refluxing heptane gave compounds 1 and 3. A similar thermolysis of 3 in refluxing toluene gave 1 in 90% yield. Treatment of 3 with neat MeCN afforded the labile compound [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)10( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4)(MeCN)] (4) in 73% yield. The reaction of 4 with P(OMe)3 gave the substitution product [( 5-S)Ru5( -CO)2(CO)10( - 3-C12H8S)( 4- 2-C6H4){P(OMe)3}] (5) in 52% yield. Compounds 1-4 have been structurally characterized. Compound 1 contains a  4-capping sulfido and a  4- 2-benzyne ligand, whereas 3, 4, and 5 contain  5-sulfido and  4- 2-benzyne ligands. The latter three compounds provide rare examples of  5-sulfido and metal-assisted opening of the thianthrene ligand on polynuclear centers. In compounds 1, 3, and 4 the  4- 2-benzyne ligand is perpendicular to the Ru4 face of the clusters and represents a previously uncharacterized bonding mode for benzyne.

year: 2007-07-01

title: Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia: Whānau drawing on their community cultural wealth to create strategies for developing Te Reo Rangatira

authors: Brouwer, Jacqui

abstract: The use of Te Reo Māori in Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand is mandated in the ECE curriculum. Research shows that picturebooks are powerful tools in language learning, but there is a lack of research concerning the use of bilingual picturebooks by whānau to support Māori language learning in a New Zealand kindergarten. This research presents findings from a 4-week programme in which five whānau members were introduced to several types of dual language picturebooks (Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia, RRPP) in a Puna Pukapuka Pikitia (PPP). Whānau explored RRPP and suggested how they could bring Reo Rangatira from RRPP into their homes to support language learning. Their suggestions aligned with Ellis’s principles of effective language teaching (Ellis, 2010) including the development of formulaic phrases, following the ways in which tamariki naturally learn language, encouraging opportunities for tamariki to speak and listen, as well as having interactions linked to RRPP.

text: Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia: Whānau drawing on their community cultural wealth to create strategies for developing Te Reo Rangatira The use of Te Reo Māori in Early Childhood Education in Aotearoa New Zealand is mandated in the ECE curriculum. Research shows that picturebooks are powerful tools in language learning, but there is a lack of research concerning the use of bilingual picturebooks by whānau to support Māori language learning in a New Zealand kindergarten. This research presents findings from a 4-week programme in which five whānau members were introduced to several types of dual language picturebooks (Reo Rua Pukapuka Pikitia, RRPP) in a Puna Pukapuka Pikitia (PPP). Whānau explored RRPP and suggested how they could bring Reo Rangatira from RRPP into their homes to support language learning. Their suggestions aligned with Ellis’s principles of effective language teaching (Ellis, 2010) including the development of formulaic phrases, following the ways in which tamariki naturally learn language, encouraging opportunities for tamariki to speak and listen, as well as having interactions linked to RRPP.

year: 2023