title: The impact of slow steaming on refrigerated exports from New Zealand

authors: Carson, James K.

abstract: The practice of slow steaming has had a significant impact on New Zealand export industries with increased transit times in some cases causing significant reductions in shelf life once the product has reached the retail stage. The longer transit times also impose the extra cost to exporters of having more inventory tied up in transit. While there is clear evidence to suggest slow steaming has reduced fuel consumption and hence fuel emissions and fuel costs, these savings have not been passed on by the liners to their customers. However, there is no indication that slow-steaming has caused a significant reduction in export earnings for New Zealand (at least up to the middle of 2014). A predicted move to super-slow steaming would put extra strain on the New Zealand meat industry especially, with their lucrative European chilled lamb market under particular threat.

text: The impact of slow steaming on refrigerated exports from New Zealand The practice of slow steaming has had a significant impact on New Zealand export industries with increased transit times in some cases causing significant reductions in shelf life once the product has reached the retail stage. The longer transit times also impose the extra cost to exporters of having more inventory tied up in transit. While there is clear evidence to suggest slow steaming has reduced fuel consumption and hence fuel emissions and fuel costs, these savings have not been passed on by the liners to their customers. However, there is no indication that slow-steaming has caused a significant reduction in export earnings for New Zealand (at least up to the middle of 2014). A predicted move to super-slow steaming would put extra strain on the New Zealand meat industry especially, with their lucrative European chilled lamb market under particular threat.

year: 2015

title: A clustering based denoising technique for range images of time of flight cameras

authors: Schoner, H.

subjects: time of flight cameras

abstract: A relatively new technique for measuring the 3D structure of visual scenes is provided by time of flight (TOF) cameras. Reflections of modulated light waves are recorded by a parallel pixel array structure. The time series at each pixel of the resulting image stream is used to estimate travelling time and thus range information. This measuring technique results in pixel dependent noise levels with variances changing over several orders of magnitude dependent on the illumination and material parameters. This makes application of traditional (global) denoising techniques suboptimal. Using free aditional information from the camera and a clustering procedure we can get information about which pixels belong to the same object, and what their noise level is, which allows for locally adapted smoothing. To illustrate the success of this method, we compare it with raw camera output and a traditional method for edge preserving smoothing, anisotropic diffusion [10, 12]. We show that this mathematical technique works without individual adaptations on two camera systems with highly different noise characteristics.

text: A clustering based denoising technique for range images of time of flight cameras A relatively new technique for measuring the 3D structure of visual scenes is provided by time of flight (TOF) cameras. Reflections of modulated light waves are recorded by a parallel pixel array structure. The time series at each pixel of the resulting image stream is used to estimate travelling time and thus range information. This measuring technique results in pixel dependent noise levels with variances changing over several orders of magnitude dependent on the illumination and material parameters. This makes application of traditional (global) denoising techniques suboptimal. Using free aditional information from the camera and a clustering procedure we can get information about which pixels belong to the same object, and what their noise level is, which allows for locally adapted smoothing. To illustrate the success of this method, we compare it with raw camera output and a traditional method for edge preserving smoothing, anisotropic diffusion [10, 12]. We show that this mathematical technique works without individual adaptations on two camera systems with highly different noise characteristics.

year: 2008

title: Education leaders can reduce educational disparities

authors: Bishop, Russell

subjects: education

abstract: This chapter is about how education leaders can act to reduce educational disparities for indigenous and other minoritized peoples through strategic goal setting, supporting effective pedagogies of relations, promoting distributed leadership, enacting inclusivity, using evidence and owning the need for reform. Examples are drawn from a large-scale, theory-based education reform project called Te Kotahitanga which is currently running in 50 secondary schools in New Zealand. Developing a model for effective leadership needs to commence with the understanding that the key to change is teacher action supported by responsive structural reform (Elmore 2004). In our earlier work (Bishop et al. 2003, 2007) we investigated what effective teacher action looks like. This chapter presents a model of what “responsive structural reform” looks like in practice and what leaders need to do to implement and sustain gains made in student performance at the classroom, school and system-wide levels.

text: Education leaders can reduce educational disparities This chapter is about how education leaders can act to reduce educational disparities for indigenous and other minoritized peoples through strategic goal setting, supporting effective pedagogies of relations, promoting distributed leadership, enacting inclusivity, using evidence and owning the need for reform. Examples are drawn from a large-scale, theory-based education reform project called Te Kotahitanga which is currently running in 50 secondary schools in New Zealand. Developing a model for effective leadership needs to commence with the understanding that the key to change is teacher action supported by responsive structural reform (Elmore 2004). In our earlier work (Bishop et al. 2003, 2007) we investigated what effective teacher action looks like. This chapter presents a model of what “responsive structural reform” looks like in practice and what leaders need to do to implement and sustain gains made in student performance at the classroom, school and system-wide levels.

year: 2011