title: Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli

authors: Yuan, Chengan

subjects: Self-Control

abstract: A self-control procedure that involved a later onset of a stimulus signalling a
small reinforcer within the waiting time for a larger reinforcer was investigated to
determine a point of shifting preference and a discounting function as the delay
varied. The results from Experiment 1 to Experiment 3 showed exclusive
impulsive choices regardless of the delay. In order to examine if the results were
due to the procedure and the parameters, or the species used, Experiment 4
attempted to obtain shifts in preference using simultaneous onset of stimuli with
the same species. The results demonstrated no changes in preference but an
increase in proportion of self-control choices was shown. Due to the limited
information from the replicated studies, the accounts for the results could not be
concluded. The explanations derived from choice models seemed most plausible,
but limitations of the choice models were discussed.

text: Preference in Asynchronous Presentation of Stimuli A self-control procedure that involved a later onset of a stimulus signalling a
small reinforcer within the waiting time for a larger reinforcer was investigated to
determine a point of shifting preference and a discounting function as the delay
varied. The results from Experiment 1 to Experiment 3 showed exclusive
impulsive choices regardless of the delay. In order to examine if the results were
due to the procedure and the parameters, or the species used, Experiment 4
attempted to obtain shifts in preference using simultaneous onset of stimuli with
the same species. The results demonstrated no changes in preference but an
increase in proportion of self-control choices was shown. Due to the limited
information from the replicated studies, the accounts for the results could not be
concluded. The explanations derived from choice models seemed most plausible,
but limitations of the choice models were discussed.

year: 2009

title: Implementing a carbon measurement & reporting system in an international non-government organisation: A case study

authors: Venter, Ruth

subjects: Carbon reporting

abstract: The movement towards sustainable business practices has been necessitated by the growing acceptance that traditional business practices are unsustainable: financially, socially and environmentally. To date, studies have largely been concentrated on the for-profit sector, in particular on the implications for investors. In this research, I utilise an action research methodology to explore how the implementation of a carbon reporting system impacts the social license to operate in a large international non-governmental organisation, Christian Blind Mission. The case study summarises the process of developing the reporting system, tools, and implementation in this large organisation spanning 76 countries. The purpose of this study is to utilise institutional theory to demonstration how the NGO’s accountability has progressed beyond only being accountable to the INGO Accountability Charter to include stakeholders under the Social Licence to Operate for long term sustainability. I utilise a new institutional theory perspective in particular: constructing normative networks, ‘changing normative association’ education, undermining assumptions and beliefs, and enabling work. I utilise Institutional theory as a means to explain how institutional pressures change organisational behavior and the implications of the pressures while implementing a carbon measurement and reporting system. I also discuss the implication of carbon reporting on organisations Social Licence to Operate. I also highlight the need for research in implementing traditionally for-profit sustainability tools in the not for profit sector.

text: Implementing a carbon measurement & reporting system in an international non-government organisation: A case study The movement towards sustainable business practices has been necessitated by the growing acceptance that traditional business practices are unsustainable: financially, socially and environmentally. To date, studies have largely been concentrated on the for-profit sector, in particular on the implications for investors. In this research, I utilise an action research methodology to explore how the implementation of a carbon reporting system impacts the social license to operate in a large international non-governmental organisation, Christian Blind Mission. The case study summarises the process of developing the reporting system, tools, and implementation in this large organisation spanning 76 countries. The purpose of this study is to utilise institutional theory to demonstration how the NGO’s accountability has progressed beyond only being accountable to the INGO Accountability Charter to include stakeholders under the Social Licence to Operate for long term sustainability. I utilise a new institutional theory perspective in particular: constructing normative networks, ‘changing normative association’ education, undermining assumptions and beliefs, and enabling work. I utilise Institutional theory as a means to explain how institutional pressures change organisational behavior and the implications of the pressures while implementing a carbon measurement and reporting system. I also discuss the implication of carbon reporting on organisations Social Licence to Operate. I also highlight the need for research in implementing traditionally for-profit sustainability tools in the not for profit sector.

year: 2014

title: Racism and bullying as correlates for considering ending psychology training in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Tan, Kyle K. H.

abstract: Despite global calls to enhance culturally safe care for Indigenous and minoritised groups, little attention has been given to exploring students’ experiences in psychology training programmes to meet these needs. A series of chi-square tests was performed to examine group differences for participants in the Kia Whakapapa Pounaumu survey (n = 107) in their consideration of ending their training and their decision to seek professional help. Over half (55%) of students reported having considered ending their psychology training. Our findings show that students who have experienced or witnessed forms of injustice such as institutional racism, microaggressions, and bullying, encounter additional barriers in completing their training. If psychology bodies wish to redress the harm caused to Indigenous and minoritised groups in the discipline of psychology, they must ensure the training programmes themselves do not perpetuate harm.

text: Racism and bullying as correlates for considering ending psychology training in Aotearoa New Zealand Despite global calls to enhance culturally safe care for Indigenous and minoritised groups, little attention has been given to exploring students’ experiences in psychology training programmes to meet these needs. A series of chi-square tests was performed to examine group differences for participants in the Kia Whakapapa Pounaumu survey (n = 107) in their consideration of ending their training and their decision to seek professional help. Over half (55%) of students reported having considered ending their psychology training. Our findings show that students who have experienced or witnessed forms of injustice such as institutional racism, microaggressions, and bullying, encounter additional barriers in completing their training. If psychology bodies wish to redress the harm caused to Indigenous and minoritised groups in the discipline of psychology, they must ensure the training programmes themselves do not perpetuate harm.

year: 2025