title: 'Almost with ravished listening': A most rare speaker in King Henry VIII (All is True)

authors: Martin, Fiona

abstract: Edward Stafford, the third duke of Buckingham, was condemned for high treason and executed on 17 May 1521, despite p rotestations of his innocence throughout his trial and after his indictment. Transplanted from Holinshed's Chronicles into Shakespeare and Fletcher's All ls True², the fictional duke argues his innocence at greater length and with more ferocity than his historical counterpart. In departing from their source material, the playwrights have created a literary character distinct from the historical figure on whom he was based. The trial and death sentence mark his transition from a well-regarded noble-"bounteous Buckingham, I The mirror of all courtesy" (2.1.52-53)--to a disgraced man, the removal of his title and property signaling the erasure of his aristocratic identity. To the end, Buckingham insists upon his innocence. On the verge of being "[a]bsolved ... with an axe" (3.2.264) and thus transported to the next world, the truth or falsity of the duke's alleged treason cannot be established beyond doubt, yet he is detennined to leave his audience with a final impression of himself as a man grievously wronged. The playwrights achieve this ultimately through Buckingham's scaffold speech, an eloquent and increasingly passionate address to the crowd, which threatens to burst the confines of the conventional traitor's dying speech.

text: 'Almost with ravished listening': A most rare speaker in King Henry VIII (All is True) Edward Stafford, the third duke of Buckingham, was condemned for high treason and executed on 17 May 1521, despite p rotestations of his innocence throughout his trial and after his indictment. Transplanted from Holinshed's Chronicles into Shakespeare and Fletcher's All ls True², the fictional duke argues his innocence at greater length and with more ferocity than his historical counterpart. In departing from their source material, the playwrights have created a literary character distinct from the historical figure on whom he was based. The trial and death sentence mark his transition from a well-regarded noble-"bounteous Buckingham, I The mirror of all courtesy" (2.1.52-53)--to a disgraced man, the removal of his title and property signaling the erasure of his aristocratic identity. To the end, Buckingham insists upon his innocence. On the verge of being "[a]bsolved ... with an axe" (3.2.264) and thus transported to the next world, the truth or falsity of the duke's alleged treason cannot be established beyond doubt, yet he is detennined to leave his audience with a final impression of himself as a man grievously wronged. The playwrights achieve this ultimately through Buckingham's scaffold speech, an eloquent and increasingly passionate address to the crowd, which threatens to burst the confines of the conventional traitor's dying speech.

year: 2010

title: Diel and seasonal courses of ambient carbon dioxide concentration and their effect on productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis in a temperate, suburban habitat

authors: Lange, Otto L.

subjects: CO₂

abstract: Ambient CO₂ concentration (together with CO₂ exchange and microclimate) was recorded every 30 min for 15 months for Lecanora muralis growing in the Botanical Garden Würzburg (Germany, northern Bavaria), a habitat on the outskirts of the city. Annual mean CO₂ was around 17 ppm higher than the global average reported for the time of measurement (361 ppm; 1995/96), and daily values ranged from 317 to 490 ppm. Diel courses of CO₂ could be classified into three different types. Type A, when CO₂ levels rose overnight and then fell strongly to below global levels during the day, which predominated in the summer (about 75 of days); Type B, irregular diel courses occurred during all seasons with often very rapid changes apparently due to advective CO₂ transport; Type C, CO₂ concentration was typically almost stable at generally between c. 330 and 430 ppm which predominated in the winter (63 of days).
Under controlled conditions, CO₂ saturation of net photosynthesis (NP) of L. muralis at optimal hydration and light occurred at around 1000 ppm. NP was also affected by low CO₂ at limiting light and thallus water contents. Based upon these data, we estimated the improvement of NP of L. muralis due to transient increase of ambient CO₂ (as compared with the global average) for one selected combination of environmental factors (nocturnal dew or frost). This combination is an important source of water for the lichen, resulting in 40 of its annual production and, especially in these situations, photosynthesis was increased by high ambient CO₂ in the early morning under prevailing Type A conditions. After dew activation, light compensation point of NP occurred at an average concentration of 413 ppm and diel maxima of NP at 402 ppm. This allows a rough estimate that the transiently elevated CO₂ increased the photosynthetic gain of the lichen after dew of 7, or an improvement to its annual carbon balance of about 3. Conditions, especially interrelationships between lichen hydration, light and CO₂ are so complex that we are not yet able to extend our estimates to other environmental situations of photosynthetic activity of L. muralis.

text: Diel and seasonal courses of ambient carbon dioxide concentration and their effect on productivity of the epilithic lichen Lecanora muralis in a temperate, suburban habitat Ambient CO₂ concentration (together with CO₂ exchange and microclimate) was recorded every 30 min for 15 months for Lecanora muralis growing in the Botanical Garden Würzburg (Germany, northern Bavaria), a habitat on the outskirts of the city. Annual mean CO₂ was around 17 ppm higher than the global average reported for the time of measurement (361 ppm; 1995/96), and daily values ranged from 317 to 490 ppm. Diel courses of CO₂ could be classified into three different types. Type A, when CO₂ levels rose overnight and then fell strongly to below global levels during the day, which predominated in the summer (about 75 of days); Type B, irregular diel courses occurred during all seasons with often very rapid changes apparently due to advective CO₂ transport; Type C, CO₂ concentration was typically almost stable at generally between c. 330 and 430 ppm which predominated in the winter (63 of days).
Under controlled conditions, CO₂ saturation of net photosynthesis (NP) of L. muralis at optimal hydration and light occurred at around 1000 ppm. NP was also affected by low CO₂ at limiting light and thallus water contents. Based upon these data, we estimated the improvement of NP of L. muralis due to transient increase of ambient CO₂ (as compared with the global average) for one selected combination of environmental factors (nocturnal dew or frost). This combination is an important source of water for the lichen, resulting in 40 of its annual production and, especially in these situations, photosynthesis was increased by high ambient CO₂ in the early morning under prevailing Type A conditions. After dew activation, light compensation point of NP occurred at an average concentration of 413 ppm and diel maxima of NP at 402 ppm. This allows a rough estimate that the transiently elevated CO₂ increased the photosynthetic gain of the lichen after dew of 7, or an improvement to its annual carbon balance of about 3. Conditions, especially interrelationships between lichen hydration, light and CO₂ are so complex that we are not yet able to extend our estimates to other environmental situations of photosynthetic activity of L. muralis.

year: 2008

title: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health.

authors: Goodwin, Debbie Waireka Tuhi

subjects: Maori

abstract: Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

text: A collaborative approach to improving youth mental health. Nga Taiohi Whai Marama / Youth Connex was developed collaboratively by three organisations: Health Waikato Mental Health, Te Runanga o Kirikiriroa, and Linkage. These organisations had a vision of creating greater integration and improved pathways between youth and mental health services, as well as providing a service explicitly based on youth-friendly principles. The key aims of Whai Marama Youth Connex are to improve youth’s access to services and contribute to the development of a youth service-provider network. To fulfil this we aim to provide a range of services, integrated pathways and capacity building on several levels, the client level, the provider level and the funder level. Debbie Goodwin (Tuhoe) was employed as the Manager of the service and has a key role in developing the organisation, planning and shaping its services, and employing and managing its’ staff. She will give an overview of how the service is developing in partnership and biculturally, how youth-friendly principles are enacted, and what some of the key issues have been in its early stages.

year: 2003