title: The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength

authors: Le, Tan Minh

abstract: Mechanical properties of aligned long harakeke fibre reinforced epoxy with different fibre contents were evaluated. Addition of fibre was found to enhance tensile properties of epoxy; tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with increasing content of harakeke fibre up to 223 MPa at a fibre content of 55 wt% and 17 GPa at a fibre content of 63 wt%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased to a maximum of 223 MPa and 14 GPa, respectively, as the fibre content increased up to 49 wt% with no further increase with increased fibre content. The Rule of Mixtures based model for estimating tensile strength of aligned long fibre composites was also developed assuming composite failure occurred as a consequence of the fracture of the lowest failure strain fibres taking account porosity of composites. The model was shown to have good accuracy for predicting the strength of aligned long natural fibre composites.

text: The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength Mechanical properties of aligned long harakeke fibre reinforced epoxy with different fibre contents were evaluated. Addition of fibre was found to enhance tensile properties of epoxy; tensile strength and Young's modulus increased with increasing content of harakeke fibre up to 223 MPa at a fibre content of 55 wt% and 17 GPa at a fibre content of 63 wt%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased to a maximum of 223 MPa and 14 GPa, respectively, as the fibre content increased up to 49 wt% with no further increase with increased fibre content. The Rule of Mixtures based model for estimating tensile strength of aligned long fibre composites was also developed assuming composite failure occurred as a consequence of the fracture of the lowest failure strain fibres taking account porosity of composites. The model was shown to have good accuracy for predicting the strength of aligned long natural fibre composites.

year: 2015-05-30

title: Aluminium content in near-shore sediments of Lake Rotorua

authors: Tempero, Grant Wayne

abstract: The application of alum (aluminium sulphate) is widely used for lake restoration. Aluminium binds dissolved reactive phosphate (DRP), reducing its availability to phytoplankton and inhibiting algal blooms. The Bay of Plenty Regional Council has conducted continuous alum dosing of the Utuhina Stream since 2006 and the Puarenga Stream from 2010 to 2018. This has resulted in the addition of more than 730 tonnes of aluminium to Lake Rotorua. Improvements in Lake Rotorua water quality occurred concurrently with peak alum dosing, although sediment surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015 were unable to locate significant depositional areas of aluminium floc in the main basin of Lake Rotorua.

Elevated amorphous aluminium (i.e., recently deposited aluminium) was reported at sites closest to the Utuhina and Puarenga discharge points in the 2015 sediment survey, indicating that aluminium was potentially accumulating in the nearshore zone. The University of Waikato was contracted by the Bay of Plenty Regional Council to conduct a follow-up survey of near-shore sites along the southern edge of Lake Rotorua. In addition to sediment total and amorphous aluminium content, total phosphorus content was also determined. Amorphous aluminium is recognised as the fraction of total aluminium able to adsorb dissolved phosphorus, sequestering it from the water column. For this study it was assumed that increased proportions of amorphous aluminium were primarily derived from alum dosing.

text: Aluminium content in near-shore sediments of Lake Rotorua The application of alum (aluminium sulphate) is widely used for lake restoration. Aluminium binds dissolved reactive phosphate (DRP), reducing its availability to phytoplankton and inhibiting algal blooms. The Bay of Plenty Regional Council has conducted continuous alum dosing of the Utuhina Stream since 2006 and the Puarenga Stream from 2010 to 2018. This has resulted in the addition of more than 730 tonnes of aluminium to Lake Rotorua. Improvements in Lake Rotorua water quality occurred concurrently with peak alum dosing, although sediment surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015 were unable to locate significant depositional areas of aluminium floc in the main basin of Lake Rotorua.

Elevated amorphous aluminium (i.e., recently deposited aluminium) was reported at sites closest to the Utuhina and Puarenga discharge points in the 2015 sediment survey, indicating that aluminium was potentially accumulating in the nearshore zone. The University of Waikato was contracted by the Bay of Plenty Regional Council to conduct a follow-up survey of near-shore sites along the southern edge of Lake Rotorua. In addition to sediment total and amorphous aluminium content, total phosphorus content was also determined. Amorphous aluminium is recognised as the fraction of total aluminium able to adsorb dissolved phosphorus, sequestering it from the water column. For this study it was assumed that increased proportions of amorphous aluminium were primarily derived from alum dosing.

year: 2019

title: Kia mate rā anō a Tama-nui-te-rā: reversing language shift in Kōhanga reo

authors: Skerrett White, Mere Ngāutauta

abstract: This thesis focuses on reversing language shift (RLS) efforts via the revernacularisation of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in Te Amokura Kōhanga Reo (Māori language nest). J. Fishman’s (2001a) graded intergenerational disruption scale (GIDS), and M. Durie’s (2001, 2003) discussions on Māori educational advancement provide conceptual frameworks for the meaning-making, cultural and symbolic relationships of language to culture and identity (Fishman, 1996). This qualitative case study involves three young children and their families who are committed to the intergenerational transmission of te reo Māori, the threatened indigenous heritage language of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Observational data was analysed illustrating these bilingual, biliterate, bicultural, bicognitive and bilateral children and their use of sophisticated language for increasingly complex purposes. This study identifies how children’s learning dispositions for shared reference with adults (who are active listeners and thoughtful speakers in meaningful activities [Carr, M., 2000, 2001]) are part of the deep structure of a unique cultural context successfully supporting language revernacularisation. In addition the study develops critical insights into how RLS can be viewed as the linguistic arm for furthering Māori aspirations of tino rangatiratanga (Bishop, R., 1997a; Bishop R., & Glynn, T., 1999) and has further implications for language planning, pedagogy and praxis in Kōhanga Reo.

text: Kia mate rā anō a Tama-nui-te-rā: reversing language shift in Kōhanga reo This thesis focuses on reversing language shift (RLS) efforts via the revernacularisation of te reo Māori (the Māori language) in Te Amokura Kōhanga Reo (Māori language nest). J. Fishman’s (2001a) graded intergenerational disruption scale (GIDS), and M. Durie’s (2001, 2003) discussions on Māori educational advancement provide conceptual frameworks for the meaning-making, cultural and symbolic relationships of language to culture and identity (Fishman, 1996). This qualitative case study involves three young children and their families who are committed to the intergenerational transmission of te reo Māori, the threatened indigenous heritage language of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Observational data was analysed illustrating these bilingual, biliterate, bicultural, bicognitive and bilateral children and their use of sophisticated language for increasingly complex purposes. This study identifies how children’s learning dispositions for shared reference with adults (who are active listeners and thoughtful speakers in meaningful activities [Carr, M., 2000, 2001]) are part of the deep structure of a unique cultural context successfully supporting language revernacularisation. In addition the study develops critical insights into how RLS can be viewed as the linguistic arm for furthering Māori aspirations of tino rangatiratanga (Bishop, R., 1997a; Bishop R., & Glynn, T., 1999) and has further implications for language planning, pedagogy and praxis in Kōhanga Reo.

year: 2003