title: The future of surrogacy in New Zealand – Beyond the adoption model

authors: van Zyl, Liezl

abstract: Surrogacy in New Zealand is treated as a form of adoption. ACART (2014) proposes that the Health Minister consider compensating women who act as surrogate mothers. We think this is a step in the right direction, but until the adoption model is abandoned surrogacy will not be a safe practice for New Zealanders. ACART’s consultation document does not address the issue of legal parenthood, but it is one that is intimately linked to the issue of compensation to surrogates because the Adoption Act (Section 25) prohibits payments in consideration of adoption. If, as we will argue below, surrogates deserve to be compensated for their labour, it is imperative that we acknowledge that the adoption framework is inappropriate in surrogacy.

text: The future of surrogacy in New Zealand – Beyond the adoption model Surrogacy in New Zealand is treated as a form of adoption. ACART (2014) proposes that the Health Minister consider compensating women who act as surrogate mothers. We think this is a step in the right direction, but until the adoption model is abandoned surrogacy will not be a safe practice for New Zealanders. ACART’s consultation document does not address the issue of legal parenthood, but it is one that is intimately linked to the issue of compensation to surrogates because the Adoption Act (Section 25) prohibits payments in consideration of adoption. If, as we will argue below, surrogates deserve to be compensated for their labour, it is imperative that we acknowledge that the adoption framework is inappropriate in surrogacy.

year: 2015

title: Performance in the 1.2 km shuttle run test reflects fitness capacities in rugby players

authors: Sella, Francesco Stefano

abstract: The relationships between performance in the 1.2 km shuttle test (Bronco) with the Multistage Shuttle Run Test (MSRT) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) in rugby players were investigated. Additionally, differences in Bronco, MSRT, and Yo-Yo IR1 scores between backs (B) and forwards (F), and rugby codes were assessed. Data from professional players (23 rugby sevens and 133 rugby union) were analysed. All rugby sevens players performed the Bronco and MSRT, whereas rugby union players completed the Bronco and Yo-Yo IR1. The relationship between the Bronco and MSRT or Yo-Yo IR1 was quantified using Pearson’s r, whereas differences between playing positions and codes were quantified using Hedges’ g effect sizes (ES). Large correlations were observed between Bronco and MSRT (r = -0.57 and 0.53). Very large correlations were observed between Bronco and Yo-Yo IR1 (r = -0.74 and 0.71). Similar Bronco (B: 289 ± 10 s; F: 291 ± 10 s) and MSRT (B: 2470 ± 162 m; F: 2446 ± 236 m) scores were found in rugby sevens backs and forwards, while moderately better Bronco (B: 294 ± 15 s; F: 311 ± 21 s) and Yo-Yo IR1 (B: 1985 ± 367 m; F: 1627 ± 375 m) scores characterised rugby union backs (ES = -0.90 and 0.96). Small to moderately better Bronco scores were observed in rugby sevens compared to rugby union players (ES = -0.36 to -0.99). These results support the utility of the Bronco as a fitness test in rugby. The low shared variance observed between the Bronco and the two other tests, however, indicates the scores derived from these tests (e.g., speed) are not interchangeable.

text: Performance in the 1.2 km shuttle run test reflects fitness capacities in rugby players The relationships between performance in the 1.2 km shuttle test (Bronco) with the Multistage Shuttle Run Test (MSRT) and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) in rugby players were investigated. Additionally, differences in Bronco, MSRT, and Yo-Yo IR1 scores between backs (B) and forwards (F), and rugby codes were assessed. Data from professional players (23 rugby sevens and 133 rugby union) were analysed. All rugby sevens players performed the Bronco and MSRT, whereas rugby union players completed the Bronco and Yo-Yo IR1. The relationship between the Bronco and MSRT or Yo-Yo IR1 was quantified using Pearson’s r, whereas differences between playing positions and codes were quantified using Hedges’ g effect sizes (ES). Large correlations were observed between Bronco and MSRT (r = -0.57 and 0.53). Very large correlations were observed between Bronco and Yo-Yo IR1 (r = -0.74 and 0.71). Similar Bronco (B: 289 ± 10 s; F: 291 ± 10 s) and MSRT (B: 2470 ± 162 m; F: 2446 ± 236 m) scores were found in rugby sevens backs and forwards, while moderately better Bronco (B: 294 ± 15 s; F: 311 ± 21 s) and Yo-Yo IR1 (B: 1985 ± 367 m; F: 1627 ± 375 m) scores characterised rugby union backs (ES = -0.90 and 0.96). Small to moderately better Bronco scores were observed in rugby sevens compared to rugby union players (ES = -0.36 to -0.99). These results support the utility of the Bronco as a fitness test in rugby. The low shared variance observed between the Bronco and the two other tests, however, indicates the scores derived from these tests (e.g., speed) are not interchangeable.

year: 2021

title: Kōkō Kehe

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: This composition placed first in the Poi Composition section. Kōkō Kehe; this composition is about a fish species namely the Kehe. This composition talks about the appearance of this fish it has grennstone pounamu like colour and a moko tattoo pattern like that of a Māori male. It can only be caught on certain nights by a scoop net of kōkō. March is when the kehe is in its best condition to eat. The best relish for the kehe when eaten is a kūmara. This composition was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka 2015.

text: Kōkō Kehe This composition placed first in the Poi Composition section. Kōkō Kehe; this composition is about a fish species namely the Kehe. This composition talks about the appearance of this fish it has grennstone pounamu like colour and a moko tattoo pattern like that of a Māori male. It can only be caught on certain nights by a scoop net of kōkō. March is when the kehe is in its best condition to eat. The best relish for the kehe when eaten is a kūmara. This composition was performed by Ōpōtiki Mai Tawhiti at the Te Matatini World Championship Kapa Haka 2015.

year: 2013-11-11