title: Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH)–a community perspective

authors: Blöschl, G

subjects: hydrology

abstract: This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

text: Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH)–a community perspective This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through online media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focused on the process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales. Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come.

year: 2019

title: Synthesis of a boronic acid anhydride based ligand and its application in beryllium coordination

authors: Buchner, Magnus R.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The synthesis of a boronic acid anhydride‐based ligand containing one three‐ and one four‐coordinated boron atom is presented. This ligand was successfully employed as a tridentate κ¹N,κ²O‐ligand in the coordination of beryllium chloride and both the ligand and the resulting complex have been structurally characterized. While the boron‐element separations are within the typical range of related homo‐nuclear compounds, the corresponding beryllium‐element distances are rather long, suggesting unexpectedly high electron density at the beryllium center. Incorporation of a beryllium atom in a six‐membered ring causes no more distortion than the corresponding boron atom, suggesting that analogous ligand systems could be used in boron and beryllium coordination chemistry. The generated hetero‐tri‐nuclear complex enables the direct comparison of bond lengths and angles at beryllium and boron atoms in similar coordination environments and can act as a monomolecular model for beryllium borates.

text: Synthesis of a boronic acid anhydride based ligand and its application in beryllium coordination The synthesis of a boronic acid anhydride‐based ligand containing one three‐ and one four‐coordinated boron atom is presented. This ligand was successfully employed as a tridentate κ¹N,κ²O‐ligand in the coordination of beryllium chloride and both the ligand and the resulting complex have been structurally characterized. While the boron‐element separations are within the typical range of related homo‐nuclear compounds, the corresponding beryllium‐element distances are rather long, suggesting unexpectedly high electron density at the beryllium center. Incorporation of a beryllium atom in a six‐membered ring causes no more distortion than the corresponding boron atom, suggesting that analogous ligand systems could be used in boron and beryllium coordination chemistry. The generated hetero‐tri‐nuclear complex enables the direct comparison of bond lengths and angles at beryllium and boron atoms in similar coordination environments and can act as a monomolecular model for beryllium borates.

year: 2019

title: Kaumātua mana motuhake: Kaumātua managing life-transitions through tuakana-teina/peer-education

authors: Hokowhitu, Brendan

abstract: People face signifi cant transition points as they age, such as loss of independent living, loss of a spouse and changing health conditions. Successfully navigating these transitions depends on being able to manage emotional and socio-economic factors, as well as service systems, while often being reliant on family or whānau. Historically however, kaumātua have faced a dominant society that has failed to realise their full potential as they age. Yet, for Māori, kaumātua are “carriers of culture, anchors for families, models for lifestyle, bridges to the future, guardians of heritage and role models for younger generations.” Kaumātua mana motuhake is invested in upholding kaumātua tino rangatiratanga (independence and autonomy) via high-quality Māori research that will lead to better life outcomes for kaumātua and their whā nau.

text: Kaumātua mana motuhake: Kaumātua managing life-transitions through tuakana-teina/peer-education People face signifi cant transition points as they age, such as loss of independent living, loss of a spouse and changing health conditions. Successfully navigating these transitions depends on being able to manage emotional and socio-economic factors, as well as service systems, while often being reliant on family or whānau. Historically however, kaumātua have faced a dominant society that has failed to realise their full potential as they age. Yet, for Māori, kaumātua are “carriers of culture, anchors for families, models for lifestyle, bridges to the future, guardians of heritage and role models for younger generations.” Kaumātua mana motuhake is invested in upholding kaumātua tino rangatiratanga (independence and autonomy) via high-quality Māori research that will lead to better life outcomes for kaumātua and their whā nau.

year: 2017