title: Experimental research on asset pricing

authors: Noussair, Charles N.

subjects: Experimental Asset Market

abstract: This paper discusses some of the literature on asset market behavior. We do not intend this paper to be an exhaustive survey, but rather a review of some of the more influential results and to illustrate to the nonspecialist reader the diversity of topics that have been pursued.

text: Experimental research on asset pricing This paper discusses some of the literature on asset market behavior. We do not intend this paper to be an exhaustive survey, but rather a review of some of the more influential results and to illustrate to the nonspecialist reader the diversity of topics that have been pursued.

year: 2013

title: The effects of willow and willow control on wetland microfaunal assemblages in South Taupo Wetland

authors: Taura, Yvonne Michelle

subjects: Microfauna

abstract: Few studies have examined microfaunal assemblages living among Salix cinerea infestations in freshwater wetlands, or their responses to willow control treatment. The aim of this research was to quantitatively examine microfaunal assemblage abundance, richness and community composition among S. cinerea stands within the South Taupo Wetland, and determine whether these microfaunal assemblages are affected by willow growth and willow control treatment. 

Long-term effects of microfaunal community composition between native vegetation versus live and dead S. cinerea were examined in two blocks of the Waiotaka Scenic Reserve. Microfauna and physicochemical sampling were performed on three occasions to assess any seasonal effects on community composition. Results indicated there were no significant differences of physicochemical variables amongst natives, live and dead S. cinerea, with the exception of dissolved oxygen in late summer and canopy density in all seasons. This could be due to the S. cinerea trees representing stand-alone individuals, with a continuous canopy not yet formed. Overall, apart from shading and dissolved oxygen levels, environmental conditions of S. cinerea stands in this study seemingly made no significant difference to environmental variables. 

The abundant taxa found in the study were copepods, cladocerans and ostracods along with diverse species of rotifers, including the first record for New Zealand of the rotifer species Tetrasiphon hydracora. ANOVA indicated that there were no significant differences in microfaunal species richness between native, live and dead S. cinerea in any season. However, MDS ordination and ANOSIM results of species composition indicated that microfaunal assemblages were clustered in groups either side of the sand bar, suggesting that Blocks 1 and 2 functioned independently. This may be influenced by hydrological differences between Block 1 and 2 of the wetland reserve, with differing responses to fluctuating lake levels and seasonal rainfall, suggesting that microfaunal communities are regulated by hydrology rather than by the presence of willows or willow control.

 
Short-term effects of microfaunal community composition post willow control treatment were examined in Block 2 of the Waiotaka Scenice Reserve. Microfauna and physicochemical sampling were performed before and after treatment to assess effects on community composition post willow control treatment, using ground control method of drill and inject with a herbicide mix of metsulfuron. No significant differences in environmental variables were observed post treatment, with the exception of canopy density cover. Treated S. cinerea trees died and lost their leaves after ground application of metsulfuron. Microfaunal abundance and diversity were low before and treatment, suggesting that the application of metsulfuron made little difference to microfaunal assemblages.

Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the presence of S. cinerea seemed to make no significant difference to microfaunal abundance and diversity, possibly due to stand alone individuals rather than the formation of a dense canopy. Furthermore, ground control treatment of S. cinerea using metsulfuron had no direct or indirect impacts to microfaunal abundance and diversity. However, had the study been undertaken under a dense canopy of S. cinerea it is likely that the results may potentially be different.

text: The effects of willow and willow control on wetland microfaunal assemblages in South Taupo Wetland Few studies have examined microfaunal assemblages living among Salix cinerea infestations in freshwater wetlands, or their responses to willow control treatment. The aim of this research was to quantitatively examine microfaunal assemblage abundance, richness and community composition among S. cinerea stands within the South Taupo Wetland, and determine whether these microfaunal assemblages are affected by willow growth and willow control treatment. 

Long-term effects of microfaunal community composition between native vegetation versus live and dead S. cinerea were examined in two blocks of the Waiotaka Scenic Reserve. Microfauna and physicochemical sampling were performed on three occasions to assess any seasonal effects on community composition. Results indicated there were no significant differences of physicochemical variables amongst natives, live and dead S. cinerea, with the exception of dissolved oxygen in late summer and canopy density in all seasons. This could be due to the S. cinerea trees representing stand-alone individuals, with a continuous canopy not yet formed. Overall, apart from shading and dissolved oxygen levels, environmental conditions of S. cinerea stands in this study seemingly made no significant difference to environmental variables. 

The abundant taxa found in the study were copepods, cladocerans and ostracods along with diverse species of rotifers, including the first record for New Zealand of the rotifer species Tetrasiphon hydracora. ANOVA indicated that there were no significant differences in microfaunal species richness between native, live and dead S. cinerea in any season. However, MDS ordination and ANOSIM results of species composition indicated that microfaunal assemblages were clustered in groups either side of the sand bar, suggesting that Blocks 1 and 2 functioned independently. This may be influenced by hydrological differences between Block 1 and 2 of the wetland reserve, with differing responses to fluctuating lake levels and seasonal rainfall, suggesting that microfaunal communities are regulated by hydrology rather than by the presence of willows or willow control.

 
Short-term effects of microfaunal community composition post willow control treatment were examined in Block 2 of the Waiotaka Scenice Reserve. Microfauna and physicochemical sampling were performed before and after treatment to assess effects on community composition post willow control treatment, using ground control method of drill and inject with a herbicide mix of metsulfuron. No significant differences in environmental variables were observed post treatment, with the exception of canopy density cover. Treated S. cinerea trees died and lost their leaves after ground application of metsulfuron. Microfaunal abundance and diversity were low before and treatment, suggesting that the application of metsulfuron made little difference to microfaunal assemblages.

Overall, the findings of this study indicate that the presence of S. cinerea seemed to make no significant difference to microfaunal abundance and diversity, possibly due to stand alone individuals rather than the formation of a dense canopy. Furthermore, ground control treatment of S. cinerea using metsulfuron had no direct or indirect impacts to microfaunal abundance and diversity. However, had the study been undertaken under a dense canopy of S. cinerea it is likely that the results may potentially be different.

year: 2012

title: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life

authors: Cartney, Ann M. Mc

abstract: The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

text: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

year: 2022