title: Cleavage of Ge–S and C–H bonds in the reaction of electron-deficient [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ₃-Ph₂PCH₂P(Ph)C₆H₄)] with Ph₃GeSPh: Generation of thiophenol derivatives [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ-dppm)] and [Os₃(CO)₇(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ₃-SC₆H₄)(μ-dppm)]

authors: Raha, Arun K.

subjects: triosmium clusters

abstract: Heating the electron-deficient [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ₃-Ph₂PCH₂P(Ph)C₆H₄)] (1) and Ph₃GeSPh in benzene at 80 °C led to the thiolato bridged compounds, [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ-dppm)] (2) and [Os₃(CO)₇(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ₃-SC₆H₄)(μ-dppm)] (3), formed by cleavage of Ge–S and C–S bonds of the ligand, in 40% and 17% yields, respectively. Both compounds 2 and 3 have been characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopic data together with single crystal X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 contains an open triangle of osmium atoms bridged by a SPh and SC₆H₄ ligands on opposite sides of the cluster with a dppm ligand bridging one of the Os–Os edges. Compound 2 consists of a closed triangular cluster of osmium atoms with a bridging SPh, and a bridging hydride ligand on the same Os–Os edge, and a dppm ligand bridging one of the remaining Os–Os edges.

text: Cleavage of Ge–S and C–H bonds in the reaction of electron-deficient [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ₃-Ph₂PCH₂P(Ph)C₆H₄)] with Ph₃GeSPh: Generation of thiophenol derivatives [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ-dppm)] and [Os₃(CO)₇(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ₃-SC₆H₄)(μ-dppm)] Heating the electron-deficient [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ₃-Ph₂PCH₂P(Ph)C₆H₄)] (1) and Ph₃GeSPh in benzene at 80 °C led to the thiolato bridged compounds, [Os₃(CO)₈(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ-dppm)] (2) and [Os₃(CO)₇(μ-H)(μ-SPh)(μ₃-SC₆H₄)(μ-dppm)] (3), formed by cleavage of Ge–S and C–S bonds of the ligand, in 40% and 17% yields, respectively. Both compounds 2 and 3 have been characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, infrared and ¹H NMR spectroscopic data together with single crystal X-ray crystallography. Compound 3 contains an open triangle of osmium atoms bridged by a SPh and SC₆H₄ ligands on opposite sides of the cluster with a dppm ligand bridging one of the Os–Os edges. Compound 2 consists of a closed triangular cluster of osmium atoms with a bridging SPh, and a bridging hydride ligand on the same Os–Os edge, and a dppm ligand bridging one of the remaining Os–Os edges.

year: 2008

title: Calcium carbonate alters the functional response of coastal sediments to eutrophication-induced acidification

authors: Drylie, Tarn P.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Coastal ocean acidification research is dominated by laboratory-based studies that cannot necessarily predict real-world ecosystem response given its complexity. We enriched coastal sediments with increasing quantities of organic matter in the field to identify the effects of eutrophication-induced acidification on benthic structure and function, and assess whether biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) would alter the response. Along the eutrophication gradient we observed declines in macrofauna biodiversity and impaired benthic net primary productivity and sediment nutrient cycling. CaCO₃ addition did not alter the macrofauna community response, but significantly dampened negative effects on function (e.g. net autotrophy occurred at higher levels of organic matter enrichment in +CaCO₃ treatments than −CaCO₃ (1400 vs 950 g dw m⁻²)). By identifying the links between eutrophication, sediment biogeochemistry and benthic ecosystem structure and function in situ, our study represents a crucial step forward in understanding the ecological effects of coastal acidification and the role of biogenic CaCO₃ in moderating responses.

text: Calcium carbonate alters the functional response of coastal sediments to eutrophication-induced acidification Coastal ocean acidification research is dominated by laboratory-based studies that cannot necessarily predict real-world ecosystem response given its complexity. We enriched coastal sediments with increasing quantities of organic matter in the field to identify the effects of eutrophication-induced acidification on benthic structure and function, and assess whether biogenic calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) would alter the response. Along the eutrophication gradient we observed declines in macrofauna biodiversity and impaired benthic net primary productivity and sediment nutrient cycling. CaCO₃ addition did not alter the macrofauna community response, but significantly dampened negative effects on function (e.g. net autotrophy occurred at higher levels of organic matter enrichment in +CaCO₃ treatments than −CaCO₃ (1400 vs 950 g dw m⁻²)). By identifying the links between eutrophication, sediment biogeochemistry and benthic ecosystem structure and function in situ, our study represents a crucial step forward in understanding the ecological effects of coastal acidification and the role of biogenic CaCO₃ in moderating responses.

year: 2019

title: Translated identities: 'Pakeha' as subjects of the Treaty of Waitangi

authors: Goldsmith, Michael

subjects: Treaty of Waitangi

abstract: The politics of translation is clearly a perennial focus of debate in New Zealand, as shown by thematic links between the New Zealand social anthropology conferences at Waikato in 1990 and Auckland in 2004. Of the many issues of translation swirling around ongoing attempts to interpret the Treaty of Waitangi, a surprisingly neglected one concerns the identities of the people on behalf of whom the Crown signed the Treaty. The term 'Pakeha' appears only once in the Treaty, the question of whom it refers to is by no means straightforward, and it would be unwise to presume that it had the same range of meanings in 1840 as it does in present-day biculturalism. This point is demonstrated by a re-reading of historical material concerning the parties present at or implicated in the signing of the Treaty, including the so-called Pakeha Maori.

text: Translated identities: 'Pakeha' as subjects of the Treaty of Waitangi The politics of translation is clearly a perennial focus of debate in New Zealand, as shown by thematic links between the New Zealand social anthropology conferences at Waikato in 1990 and Auckland in 2004. Of the many issues of translation swirling around ongoing attempts to interpret the Treaty of Waitangi, a surprisingly neglected one concerns the identities of the people on behalf of whom the Crown signed the Treaty. The term 'Pakeha' appears only once in the Treaty, the question of whom it refers to is by no means straightforward, and it would be unwise to presume that it had the same range of meanings in 1840 as it does in present-day biculturalism. This point is demonstrated by a re-reading of historical material concerning the parties present at or implicated in the signing of the Treaty, including the so-called Pakeha Maori.

year: 2005