title: Properties of bloodmeal/linear low-density polyethylene blends compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene

authors: Marsilla, K. I. Ku

subjects: biopolymers and renewable polymers

abstract: Novatein thermoplastics from bloodmeal (NTP) were blended with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) as compatibilizer. The compatibilizing effect on mechanical, morphology, thermal properties, and water absorption were studied and compared with blends without compatibilizer. The amount of polyethylene added was varied between 20 and 70% in NTP with addition of 10% compatibilizer. An improvement in compatibility between NTP and LLDPE was observed across the entire composition range and the difference were more pronounced at higher NTP contents where the tensile strength of blends was maintained and never dropped below that of pure NTP. Theoretical models were compared to the results to describe mechanical properties. A finely dispersed small particles of NTP in compatibilized blends were observed using SEM. Improved compatibility has restricted chain movement resulting in slightly elevated Tg revealed by DMA. On the other hand, water absorption of the hydrophilic NTP has been decreased when blending with hydrophobic LLDPE.

text: Properties of bloodmeal/linear low-density polyethylene blends compatibilized with maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene Novatein thermoplastics from bloodmeal (NTP) were blended with linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) using maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PE-g-MAH) as compatibilizer. The compatibilizing effect on mechanical, morphology, thermal properties, and water absorption were studied and compared with blends without compatibilizer. The amount of polyethylene added was varied between 20 and 70% in NTP with addition of 10% compatibilizer. An improvement in compatibility between NTP and LLDPE was observed across the entire composition range and the difference were more pronounced at higher NTP contents where the tensile strength of blends was maintained and never dropped below that of pure NTP. Theoretical models were compared to the results to describe mechanical properties. A finely dispersed small particles of NTP in compatibilized blends were observed using SEM. Improved compatibility has restricted chain movement resulting in slightly elevated Tg revealed by DMA. On the other hand, water absorption of the hydrophilic NTP has been decreased when blending with hydrophobic LLDPE.

year: 2013

title: Effect of Nb and Sn on the transformation of α-Ti to β-Ti in Ti-35 Nb−2.5Sn nanostructure alloys using mechanical alloying

authors: Omran, A.M.

subjects: biomedical materials

abstract: This study was conducted to observe the phase transformation of Ti-35 %Nb-2.5 %Sn during milling for various milling times using a mixing machine and a high-energy ball milling machine (HEBM). In this work, niobium was chosen as the β stabilizer and tin as the reducer of the elastic modulus. The starting materials were blended and milled in a mixing machine (24 h) and a high-energy ball mill machine (1 h, 4 h, and 12 h). The particle sizes and phases of the produced powders were analyzed using XRD, SEM, TEM, and PSD; the titanium was found to be fully transformed from the α phase to Ti the β phase Ti after 12 h of milling.

text: Effect of Nb and Sn on the transformation of α-Ti to β-Ti in Ti-35 Nb−2.5Sn nanostructure alloys using mechanical alloying This study was conducted to observe the phase transformation of Ti-35 %Nb-2.5 %Sn during milling for various milling times using a mixing machine and a high-energy ball milling machine (HEBM). In this work, niobium was chosen as the β stabilizer and tin as the reducer of the elastic modulus. The starting materials were blended and milled in a mixing machine (24 h) and a high-energy ball mill machine (1 h, 4 h, and 12 h). The particle sizes and phases of the produced powders were analyzed using XRD, SEM, TEM, and PSD; the titanium was found to be fully transformed from the α phase to Ti the β phase Ti after 12 h of milling.

year: 2008

title: The importance of whakapapa for understanding fertility

authors: Rarere, Moana

abstract: The Māori fertility transition—which saw a shift from high to low birth rates between 1966 to 1976—was one of the most rapid fertility declines observed anywhere in the world. Since then, Māori fertility has hovered around replacement level (2.1 births per woman), somewhat above that of Pākehā (European) New Zealanders. More striking are differences in timing with Māori women bearing their children younger and over a longer duration. This paper sits within a broader research project that asks: What are the important influences that have sustained contemporary Māori fertility patterns? Drawing on Mana Wahine (Māori women’s discourses) and whakawhiti kōrero (interviews) with wāhine Māori (Māori women) this paper highlights whakapapa (genealogy) as an important concept in broadening and deepening our understandings of fertility, and situating individual fertility and reproduction within a broader set of relations.

text: The importance of whakapapa for understanding fertility The Māori fertility transition—which saw a shift from high to low birth rates between 1966 to 1976—was one of the most rapid fertility declines observed anywhere in the world. Since then, Māori fertility has hovered around replacement level (2.1 births per woman), somewhat above that of Pākehā (European) New Zealanders. More striking are differences in timing with Māori women bearing their children younger and over a longer duration. This paper sits within a broader research project that asks: What are the important influences that have sustained contemporary Māori fertility patterns? Drawing on Mana Wahine (Māori women’s discourses) and whakawhiti kōrero (interviews) with wāhine Māori (Māori women) this paper highlights whakapapa (genealogy) as an important concept in broadening and deepening our understandings of fertility, and situating individual fertility and reproduction within a broader set of relations.

year: 2022