title: Dynamics and dispersion in the coastal boundary layer off Coffs Harbour in Eastern Australia

authors: Pritchard, Timothy Roger

subjects: headland wake

abstract: Time series analysis and model simulations defined dynamics of coastal boundary layer formation off Coffs Harbour based on four deployed acoustic Doppler current (ADCP) meters and wind data from Coffs Harbour airport. Variance preserving spectra revealed peak energies at 7.8, 3.9 and 2.5 days plus ~24 and ~12 hours consistent with dominant forcing by winds. At inshore sites the highest energy levels occurred at the surface and decrease uniformly with depth at all frequencies with local peaks centred at exactly 24 hours, corresponding to peak local wind energy. In contrast, offshore sites showed depth dependency in the peak spectral energy with evidence of regional influences and wave-guide effects due to density stratification. Hydrodynamic simulations using the 3-dimensional explicit finite difference model 3DD revealed local bathymetric controls on circulation. A coastal boundary layer, delineated by a shear zone ~2km offshore in the lee of Corambirra Point, south of Coffs Harbour, was associated with formation of transient eddies. Model simulations and independent ADCP data identified 3 dimensional flow structures typified by clockwise rotation of flows down through the water column at all sites except for the quiescent, shallow water site in the headland wake south of Corambirra Point. The area south of Corambirra Point was predisposed to clockwise eddy rotation while offshore flows were generally shore-parallel. Pollutant dispersal was shown to be significantly less within this coastal boundary layer thus highlighting the need to consider effects of coastal boundary layers when locating discharges such as ocean outfalls.

text: Dynamics and dispersion in the coastal boundary layer off Coffs Harbour in Eastern Australia Time series analysis and model simulations defined dynamics of coastal boundary layer formation off Coffs Harbour based on four deployed acoustic Doppler current (ADCP) meters and wind data from Coffs Harbour airport. Variance preserving spectra revealed peak energies at 7.8, 3.9 and 2.5 days plus ~24 and ~12 hours consistent with dominant forcing by winds. At inshore sites the highest energy levels occurred at the surface and decrease uniformly with depth at all frequencies with local peaks centred at exactly 24 hours, corresponding to peak local wind energy. In contrast, offshore sites showed depth dependency in the peak spectral energy with evidence of regional influences and wave-guide effects due to density stratification. Hydrodynamic simulations using the 3-dimensional explicit finite difference model 3DD revealed local bathymetric controls on circulation. A coastal boundary layer, delineated by a shear zone ~2km offshore in the lee of Corambirra Point, south of Coffs Harbour, was associated with formation of transient eddies. Model simulations and independent ADCP data identified 3 dimensional flow structures typified by clockwise rotation of flows down through the water column at all sites except for the quiescent, shallow water site in the headland wake south of Corambirra Point. The area south of Corambirra Point was predisposed to clockwise eddy rotation while offshore flows were generally shore-parallel. Pollutant dispersal was shown to be significantly less within this coastal boundary layer thus highlighting the need to consider effects of coastal boundary layers when locating discharges such as ocean outfalls.

year: 2007

title: Realistic electronic books

authors: Liesaputra, Veronica

subjects: within-document navigation

abstract: We describe a software book model that emulates a range of properties associated with physical books—analog page turning, visual location cues, bookmarks and annotations—and, furthermore, incorporates many advantages of digital environments—hyperlinks, multimedia, full-text search, automatic identification of synonyms, cross-referencing of key terms with an online encyclopedia, and an automatically generated back-of-the-book index. Usability studies were conducted to compare performance using these books for various reading tasks with HTML, PDF and physical books. Participants completed the tasks more efficiently with the new interface without any loss in accuracy; they also preferred it.

text: Realistic electronic books We describe a software book model that emulates a range of properties associated with physical books—analog page turning, visual location cues, bookmarks and annotations—and, furthermore, incorporates many advantages of digital environments—hyperlinks, multimedia, full-text search, automatic identification of synonyms, cross-referencing of key terms with an online encyclopedia, and an automatically generated back-of-the-book index. Usability studies were conducted to compare performance using these books for various reading tasks with HTML, PDF and physical books. Participants completed the tasks more efficiently with the new interface without any loss in accuracy; they also preferred it.

year: 2012

title: Waitangi Soda Springs alum dosing – bioavailability of aluminium 2013

authors: Ling, Nicholas

abstract: Continuous alum dosing of the Waitangi Soda Springs at Lake Rotoehu commenced in 2010 to reduce inflows of dissolved reactive phosphorus to Lake Rotoehu. Analyses of bioaccumulation in the tissues of kōura and goldfish from Lake Rotoehu were undertaken on animals collected in September 2013 to determine the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of aluminium. Comparative analyses were undertaken on kōura and goldfish collected from Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti. Lake Rotoehu kōura and goldfish showed slightly elevated aluminium concentrations in the gills indicating enhanced exposure to aluminium but little evidence for significant bioaccumulation in tissues.

text: Waitangi Soda Springs alum dosing – bioavailability of aluminium 2013 Continuous alum dosing of the Waitangi Soda Springs at Lake Rotoehu commenced in 2010 to reduce inflows of dissolved reactive phosphorus to Lake Rotoehu. Analyses of bioaccumulation in the tissues of kōura and goldfish from Lake Rotoehu were undertaken on animals collected in September 2013 to determine the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of aluminium. Comparative analyses were undertaken on kōura and goldfish collected from Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti. Lake Rotoehu kōura and goldfish showed slightly elevated aluminium concentrations in the gills indicating enhanced exposure to aluminium but little evidence for significant bioaccumulation in tissues.

year: 2015