title: Analytical Description of Steady Magnetic Reconnection in Hall Magnetohydrodynamics

authors: Litvinenko, Yuri E.

abstract: Steady magnetic reconnection in the framework of incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics is considered. The principal role of the Hall effect in the formation of the structure of the reconnecting current sheet is emphasized. Analytical expressions for the velocity and the magnetic field in the sheet are derived, based on the approximation of a weak two dimensionality of the planar components of the solution. The analytical solution illustrates key features of Hall magnetic reconnection, including the reconnection rate enhancement and the sheet thinning due to the Hall effect, the presence of a quadrupolar axial (out-of-the-plane) magnetic field that controls the geometry of the reconnecting planar magnetic field, and the dynamical coupling of the axial and planar components of the solution, with the coupling strength that is proportional to the ion skin depth. Scalings for the sheet thickness, width, and the reconnection inflow and outflow speeds in terms of the electric resistivity and the axial magnetic field are determined. Implications of the results for fast magnetic reconnection in a weakly collisional plasma of the solar corona are discussed.

text: Analytical Description of Steady Magnetic Reconnection in Hall Magnetohydrodynamics Steady magnetic reconnection in the framework of incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics is considered. The principal role of the Hall effect in the formation of the structure of the reconnecting current sheet is emphasized. Analytical expressions for the velocity and the magnetic field in the sheet are derived, based on the approximation of a weak two dimensionality of the planar components of the solution. The analytical solution illustrates key features of Hall magnetic reconnection, including the reconnection rate enhancement and the sheet thinning due to the Hall effect, the presence of a quadrupolar axial (out-of-the-plane) magnetic field that controls the geometry of the reconnecting planar magnetic field, and the dynamical coupling of the axial and planar components of the solution, with the coupling strength that is proportional to the ion skin depth. Scalings for the sheet thickness, width, and the reconnection inflow and outflow speeds in terms of the electric resistivity and the axial magnetic field are determined. Implications of the results for fast magnetic reconnection in a weakly collisional plasma of the solar corona are discussed.

year: 2009

title: Consumer adoption of sustainable shellfish in China: Effects of psychological factors and segmentation

authors: Wang, Ou

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: China's large and increasing demand for aquatic products has had a significant effect on the sustainability of global water ecosystems. This study explored the effects of psychological factors and segmentation on Chinese consumers' adoption of sustainable shellfish. Data were collected by using a web-based questionnaire in three Chinese cities: Beijing, Guangzhou and Chongqing (with a total sample size of 643). Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Chinese consumers' subjective norms, personal norms, attitudes toward shellfish and attitudes toward water environment were significant psychological factors influencing their purchase intentions toward sustainable shellfish. Two consumer segments were identified: Sustainable-shellfish-pioneer (47.28%) and Sustainable-shellfish-conservative (52.72%). These two segments had significant differences in the purchase intentions for specific sustainable shellfish species, the effects of psychological factors on purchase intentions toward shellfish, and socio-demographic distributions (including income, occupation and marriage status). These first hand findings can help global shellfish producers, marketers and policy-makers to develop appropriate sustainable development strategies and policies for their shellfish resources when exploiting the huge market.

text: Consumer adoption of sustainable shellfish in China: Effects of psychological factors and segmentation China's large and increasing demand for aquatic products has had a significant effect on the sustainability of global water ecosystems. This study explored the effects of psychological factors and segmentation on Chinese consumers' adoption of sustainable shellfish. Data were collected by using a web-based questionnaire in three Chinese cities: Beijing, Guangzhou and Chongqing (with a total sample size of 643). Descriptive analysis, cluster analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. Chinese consumers' subjective norms, personal norms, attitudes toward shellfish and attitudes toward water environment were significant psychological factors influencing their purchase intentions toward sustainable shellfish. Two consumer segments were identified: Sustainable-shellfish-pioneer (47.28%) and Sustainable-shellfish-conservative (52.72%). These two segments had significant differences in the purchase intentions for specific sustainable shellfish species, the effects of psychological factors on purchase intentions toward shellfish, and socio-demographic distributions (including income, occupation and marriage status). These first hand findings can help global shellfish producers, marketers and policy-makers to develop appropriate sustainable development strategies and policies for their shellfish resources when exploiting the huge market.

year: 2019

title: Proposing a Kaupapa Tuku Iho informed Māori model for practice to enhance cultural competence and foster kaimahi flourishing within health and social service providers

authors: Winiata, Rangimarie

subjects: Kaupapa Tuku Iho

abstract: Kaupapa Tuku Iho are Māori values that have been used across various social institutions to inform culturally competent practices with those accessing services. This thesis set out to promote the use Kaupapa Tuku Iho to not only enhance cultural competence and culturally appropriate services, but to take a step further and explore factors that foster the flourishing of kaimahi (workers) who deliver those services. There is research that suggests kaimahi in health and social services are overworked, burdened by stressed and approaching a state of compassion fatigue. This is detrimental for those both delivering and accessing services. This study will explore factors that foster kaimahi flourishing and enable kaimahi to practice Kaupapa Tuku Iho, along with factors that stand as barriers to achieving flourishing and culturally competent practice.
Furthermore, I have developed Ngā Kākano, which is a values-based model informed by Kaupapa Tuku Iho that aims to foster kaimahi flourishing and achieve culturally competent practice within health and social service providers. Ngā Kākano has been aligned to various psychological disciplines, including Community Psychology, Industrial-Organisational Psychology and Indigenous Psychology.
Data concerning the exploration of barriers and enablers kaimahi experienced was collected using a Kaupapa Māori research approach consisting of focus group structures combined with Wānanga as a Kaupapa Māori research methodology. The data was analysed using processes of thematic analysis, where themes were identified and presented in association with the relevant stages of Ngā Kākano.
	The findings of this study saw the organisation stood as a prominent barrier to kaimahi practising Kaupapa Tuku Iho and achieving flourishing. This reflected a need for the organisation to make improvements to support kaimahi in all necessary forms that enable them to achieve flourishing as reflected in positive states of being. It became apparent that most kaimahi were able to achieve flourishing through the practice of Kaupapa Tuku Iho between, amongst and across all kaimahi throughout the organisation irrespective of direct support from the organisation.

text: Proposing a Kaupapa Tuku Iho informed Māori model for practice to enhance cultural competence and foster kaimahi flourishing within health and social service providers Kaupapa Tuku Iho are Māori values that have been used across various social institutions to inform culturally competent practices with those accessing services. This thesis set out to promote the use Kaupapa Tuku Iho to not only enhance cultural competence and culturally appropriate services, but to take a step further and explore factors that foster the flourishing of kaimahi (workers) who deliver those services. There is research that suggests kaimahi in health and social services are overworked, burdened by stressed and approaching a state of compassion fatigue. This is detrimental for those both delivering and accessing services. This study will explore factors that foster kaimahi flourishing and enable kaimahi to practice Kaupapa Tuku Iho, along with factors that stand as barriers to achieving flourishing and culturally competent practice.
Furthermore, I have developed Ngā Kākano, which is a values-based model informed by Kaupapa Tuku Iho that aims to foster kaimahi flourishing and achieve culturally competent practice within health and social service providers. Ngā Kākano has been aligned to various psychological disciplines, including Community Psychology, Industrial-Organisational Psychology and Indigenous Psychology.
Data concerning the exploration of barriers and enablers kaimahi experienced was collected using a Kaupapa Māori research approach consisting of focus group structures combined with Wānanga as a Kaupapa Māori research methodology. The data was analysed using processes of thematic analysis, where themes were identified and presented in association with the relevant stages of Ngā Kākano.
	The findings of this study saw the organisation stood as a prominent barrier to kaimahi practising Kaupapa Tuku Iho and achieving flourishing. This reflected a need for the organisation to make improvements to support kaimahi in all necessary forms that enable them to achieve flourishing as reflected in positive states of being. It became apparent that most kaimahi were able to achieve flourishing through the practice of Kaupapa Tuku Iho between, amongst and across all kaimahi throughout the organisation irrespective of direct support from the organisation.

year: 2022