title: Trends and gaps

authors: Dix, Alan

subjects: Computer science

abstract: This chapter attempts to identify future research directions for formal methods in HCI. It does this using two main approaches. First, we will look at trends within HCI more broadly and the challenges these pose for formal methods. These trends in HCI are often themselves driven by external technical and societal change, for example the growth of maker/hacker culture and the increasing dependence of basic citizenship on digital technology, effectively establishing external requirements for the field. Second we will look inwards at the FoMHCI literature, the user interaction phenomena it is trying to address and the processes of interaction design it is intended to support. Through this second analysis we will identify internally generated trends. This does not lead to a single overarching research agenda, but does identify a number of critical areas and issues, and hence establishes opportunities for further research to expand the state of the art.

text: Trends and gaps This chapter attempts to identify future research directions for formal methods in HCI. It does this using two main approaches. First, we will look at trends within HCI more broadly and the challenges these pose for formal methods. These trends in HCI are often themselves driven by external technical and societal change, for example the growth of maker/hacker culture and the increasing dependence of basic citizenship on digital technology, effectively establishing external requirements for the field. Second we will look inwards at the FoMHCI literature, the user interaction phenomena it is trying to address and the processes of interaction design it is intended to support. Through this second analysis we will identify internally generated trends. This does not lead to a single overarching research agenda, but does identify a number of critical areas and issues, and hence establishes opportunities for further research to expand the state of the art.

year: 2017

title: Shedding the shackles of Bowman: A critical review of the political purpose doctrine and charity law in New Zealand

authors: Chevalier-Watts, Juliet

abstract: The shackles that bound New Zealand to the political purpose doctrine, the notorious doctrine found within charity law, have now, at last, been shed, with the delivery of the long awaited Supreme Court judgment of Re Greenpeace of New Zealand Incorporated. This article explores whether the shedding of the shackles that bound New Zealand jurisprudence to this doctrine was inevitable, in light of national and international judicial influences and commentary.

text: Shedding the shackles of Bowman: A critical review of the political purpose doctrine and charity law in New Zealand The shackles that bound New Zealand to the political purpose doctrine, the notorious doctrine found within charity law, have now, at last, been shed, with the delivery of the long awaited Supreme Court judgment of Re Greenpeace of New Zealand Incorporated. This article explores whether the shedding of the shackles that bound New Zealand jurisprudence to this doctrine was inevitable, in light of national and international judicial influences and commentary.

year: 2015

title: Repositioning within indigenous discourses of transformation and self-determination

authors: Berryman, Mere

subjects: research-whanau

abstract: This thesis reflectively and critically examines a series of research case studies initiated by a research-whānau. It explores the thinking, experiences and reflections of this research-whānau, as they worked to enhance the educational achievement of Māori students. Authorship of the thesis was undertaken by me (Mere Berryman). However, the methodology involved a collaborative, retrospective and critical reflection of research-whānau experiences and thinking, in the light of the research findings and experiences since the inception of this research-whānau in 1991. In the course of this work, the research-whānau have been able to explore what it has meant to put the principles of kaupapa Māori research into practice while working within a mainstream organisation (Specialist Education Services then the Ministry of Education). Our research work has involved repositioning ourselves from dependence on Western research methodologies to a better understanding and application of kaupapa Māori conceptualisations of research. 
The thesis begins by identifying mainstream and kaupapa Māori events that have historically and still continue to impact upon Māori students' educational experiences. These events provide the wider context for the work of this research-whānau at the interface of Te Ao Māori and Te Ao Pākehā, and for the 11 case studies that exemplify changes in our thinking and research practice over a period of 15 years. The thesis employs an indigenous (and specifically Māori) worldview as the framework for description, critical reflection, and theorising around these case studies. Common themes are collaboratively co-constructed then each theme is explained in relation to relevant Māori theory.
The thesis concludes with the shifts in theorising and practice made by the research-whānau during the course of our work as we sought to contribute in ways that were more transformative and self-determining. We argue that these shifts in theorising and practice are also required of others if we are to change the status quo and contribute constructively to improving Māori students' potential.

text: Repositioning within indigenous discourses of transformation and self-determination This thesis reflectively and critically examines a series of research case studies initiated by a research-whānau. It explores the thinking, experiences and reflections of this research-whānau, as they worked to enhance the educational achievement of Māori students. Authorship of the thesis was undertaken by me (Mere Berryman). However, the methodology involved a collaborative, retrospective and critical reflection of research-whānau experiences and thinking, in the light of the research findings and experiences since the inception of this research-whānau in 1991. In the course of this work, the research-whānau have been able to explore what it has meant to put the principles of kaupapa Māori research into practice while working within a mainstream organisation (Specialist Education Services then the Ministry of Education). Our research work has involved repositioning ourselves from dependence on Western research methodologies to a better understanding and application of kaupapa Māori conceptualisations of research. 
The thesis begins by identifying mainstream and kaupapa Māori events that have historically and still continue to impact upon Māori students' educational experiences. These events provide the wider context for the work of this research-whānau at the interface of Te Ao Māori and Te Ao Pākehā, and for the 11 case studies that exemplify changes in our thinking and research practice over a period of 15 years. The thesis employs an indigenous (and specifically Māori) worldview as the framework for description, critical reflection, and theorising around these case studies. Common themes are collaboratively co-constructed then each theme is explained in relation to relevant Māori theory.
The thesis concludes with the shifts in theorising and practice made by the research-whānau during the course of our work as we sought to contribute in ways that were more transformative and self-determining. We argue that these shifts in theorising and practice are also required of others if we are to change the status quo and contribute constructively to improving Māori students' potential.

year: 2008