title: From chaos to cohesion - complexity in tourism structures: An analysis of New Zealand's regional tourism organizations

authors: Zahra, Anne Louise

subjects: chaos

abstract: This paper discusses chaos theory and provides a brief description of chaos and complexity theory. It notes past applications in tourism research with specific reference to the work of Russell and Faulkner relating to Australia's Gold Coast. In this paper, the concept is discussed with reference to regional tourism organizations in New Zealand. Both cases provide examples of complexity, attractors and dampeners, and feedback loops that limit change. It is suggested that one important contribution of chaos and complexity theory is that it provides a language to help identify the components of, and change within, a social system. The paper concludes that inherent in a complex system lies the notion that truly complex social phenomena embrace the linear, stable and predictable along with change, the dynamic, new, and unpredictable and even symbolic meaning.

text: From chaos to cohesion - complexity in tourism structures: An analysis of New Zealand's regional tourism organizations This paper discusses chaos theory and provides a brief description of chaos and complexity theory. It notes past applications in tourism research with specific reference to the work of Russell and Faulkner relating to Australia's Gold Coast. In this paper, the concept is discussed with reference to regional tourism organizations in New Zealand. Both cases provide examples of complexity, attractors and dampeners, and feedback loops that limit change. It is suggested that one important contribution of chaos and complexity theory is that it provides a language to help identify the components of, and change within, a social system. The paper concludes that inherent in a complex system lies the notion that truly complex social phenomena embrace the linear, stable and predictable along with change, the dynamic, new, and unpredictable and even symbolic meaning.

year: 2007

title: Diversity of Lecidea (Lecideaceae, Ascomycota) species revealed by molecular data and morphological characters

authors: Ruprecht, Ulrike

subjects: chemical races

abstract: The diversity of lichens, especially crustose species, in continental Antarctica is still poorly known. To overcome difficulties with the morphology based species delimitations in these groups, we employed molecular data (nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences) to test species boundaries within the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north–south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region (Cape Hallett, Botany Bay to Mount Suess, Taylor Valley, Darwin Area and Mount Kyffin). A total of 153 specimens were collected from 13 localities. Phylogenetic analyses also include specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non-Antarctic areas. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses agreed in placing the samples from continental Antarctica into four major groups. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these four clades to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. These clades are identified as the following species Lecidea cancriformis, L. andersonii as well as the new species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and another previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (L. UCR1).

text: Diversity of Lecidea (Lecideaceae, Ascomycota) species revealed by molecular data and morphological characters The diversity of lichens, especially crustose species, in continental Antarctica is still poorly known. To overcome difficulties with the morphology based species delimitations in these groups, we employed molecular data (nuclear ITS and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequences) to test species boundaries within the genus Lecidea. Sampling was done along a north–south transect at five different areas in the Ross Sea region (Cape Hallett, Botany Bay to Mount Suess, Taylor Valley, Darwin Area and Mount Kyffin). A total of 153 specimens were collected from 13 localities. Phylogenetic analyses also include specimens from other regions in Antarctica and non-Antarctic areas. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses agreed in placing the samples from continental Antarctica into four major groups. Based on this phylogenetic estimate, we restudied the micromorphology and secondary chemistry of these four clades to evaluate the use of these characters as phylogenetic discriminators. These clades are identified as the following species Lecidea cancriformis, L. andersonii as well as the new species L. polypycnidophora Ruprecht & Türk sp. nov. and another previously unnamed clade of uncertain status, referred to as Lecidea sp. (L. UCR1).

year: 2010

title: Genre and authentic written discourse in Maori and their relevance to the education of students in upper secondary and tertiary Maori-medium educational settings

authors: Houia-Roberts, Ngaere

subjects: Māori medium education

abstract: I report here on part of a research project whose primary aim was to investigate a range of authentic Māori texts in terms of the search for commonly occurring organisational and cognitive patterns, and to consider the pedagogic implications of this investigation in terms of the teaching of writing skills in Māori-medium educational settings. An examination of a range of text segments written by educated and highly proficient users of Māori suggests that, in terms of textual relationships, there are characteristic patterns of organisation that characterise the three genres that appear to be most commonly required of student writers in Māori-medium upper secondary and tertiary educational contexts, that is, the genres of arguing, explaining and describing. Another part of the project – an examination of whole texts in terms of overall, structuring – is reported in the next issue of this journal.

text: Genre and authentic written discourse in Maori and their relevance to the education of students in upper secondary and tertiary Maori-medium educational settings I report here on part of a research project whose primary aim was to investigate a range of authentic Māori texts in terms of the search for commonly occurring organisational and cognitive patterns, and to consider the pedagogic implications of this investigation in terms of the teaching of writing skills in Māori-medium educational settings. An examination of a range of text segments written by educated and highly proficient users of Māori suggests that, in terms of textual relationships, there are characteristic patterns of organisation that characterise the three genres that appear to be most commonly required of student writers in Māori-medium upper secondary and tertiary educational contexts, that is, the genres of arguing, explaining and describing. Another part of the project – an examination of whole texts in terms of overall, structuring – is reported in the next issue of this journal.

year: 2003-09