title: Removal of flatulence causing sugars in soymilk

authors: Rajan, Anila

subjects: Alpha -galactosidase

abstract: The enzyme, alpha-galactosidase was extracted from peanuts using various buffers
and solvents. The specific activity of soluble preparation of peanut ranged from
0.0083 to 0.0606 U/mg. Phosphate buffer extract showed the maximum specific
activity of 0.0606 U/mg. The soluble alpha-galactosidase was immobilised in calcium
alginate beads and the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was found to
be 0.0808 U/mg. Activity yield was 33%. The immobilised enzyme showed
increase in activity compared with the soluble enzyme above 35 C. The thermal
stability of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was significantly improved in
comparison to the soluble form. The effect of different pH depicts that at acidic
pH the activity of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was higher than that of the
soluble enzyme. The Km and Vmax for immobilised enzyme was higher when
compared with the soluble enzyme. Immobilised alpha-galactosidase retained 20%
activity after 7 repeated uses. The immobilised enzyme exhibited high storage
stability. The immobilised enzyme was used in batch and continuous packed bed
reactors for the hydrolysis of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Flatulence
causing raffinose and stachyose, after hydrolysis, was removed to a remarkable
extent. Hydrolysis of flatulence causing oligosaccharides of soymilk in a
continuous packed bed reactor has not been attempted previously.

text: Removal of flatulence causing sugars in soymilk The enzyme, alpha-galactosidase was extracted from peanuts using various buffers
and solvents. The specific activity of soluble preparation of peanut ranged from
0.0083 to 0.0606 U/mg. Phosphate buffer extract showed the maximum specific
activity of 0.0606 U/mg. The soluble alpha-galactosidase was immobilised in calcium
alginate beads and the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was found to
be 0.0808 U/mg. Activity yield was 33%. The immobilised enzyme showed
increase in activity compared with the soluble enzyme above 35 C. The thermal
stability of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was significantly improved in
comparison to the soluble form. The effect of different pH depicts that at acidic
pH the activity of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was higher than that of the
soluble enzyme. The Km and Vmax for immobilised enzyme was higher when
compared with the soluble enzyme. Immobilised alpha-galactosidase retained 20%
activity after 7 repeated uses. The immobilised enzyme exhibited high storage
stability. The immobilised enzyme was used in batch and continuous packed bed
reactors for the hydrolysis of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Flatulence
causing raffinose and stachyose, after hydrolysis, was removed to a remarkable
extent. Hydrolysis of flatulence causing oligosaccharides of soymilk in a
continuous packed bed reactor has not been attempted previously.

year: 2009

title: Flourishing after retirement : understanding the sport career transition of New Zealand's elite athletes

authors: Ryan, Leanna

subjects: flourish

abstract: Researchers have written extensively about the transitional experiences of former athletes and theorised about how to affect healthy and positive outcomes for athletes. While some studies have revealed significant psychological distress amongst retired athletes, others have found no indication of adjustment difficulty. Thus, the present study took a more specific approach, and aimed to identify the factors which either influenced post adjustment difficulty or led to flourishing in transitioned athletes. Data was collected from 81 former elite New Zealand athletes by means of a questionnaire, distributed amongst various sporting codes and organisations. The questionnaire included measures of athletic identity, flourishing and emotional responses. Results indicated that athletes who had stronger athletic identities also had higher levels of flourishing after retirement. Furthermore, those who retired voluntarily demonstrated high levels of flourishing and less post sport adjustment difficulty in comparison to those who retired involuntarily. Planning for retirement also resulted in significantly less post-retirement adjustment difficulty. Additionally, female athletes who displayed high levels of athletic identity also experienced more negative emotions when dealing with retirement. These findings demonstrate the importance of planning and preparing for retirement, as it has the potential to lead to more positive long terms outcomes for athletes. A better understanding of athletic identity and the experiences of athletes who retire involuntarily will allow governing sporting bodies and sport psychologists the opportunity to identify early the athletes who may be more prone to adjustment difficulties, and intervene appropriately. The development and implementation of a proper athlete transition programme or process within New Zealand would better support healthy and smooth transitions out of sport, and lead to more positive outcomes for athletes.

text: Flourishing after retirement : understanding the sport career transition of New Zealand's elite athletes Researchers have written extensively about the transitional experiences of former athletes and theorised about how to affect healthy and positive outcomes for athletes. While some studies have revealed significant psychological distress amongst retired athletes, others have found no indication of adjustment difficulty. Thus, the present study took a more specific approach, and aimed to identify the factors which either influenced post adjustment difficulty or led to flourishing in transitioned athletes. Data was collected from 81 former elite New Zealand athletes by means of a questionnaire, distributed amongst various sporting codes and organisations. The questionnaire included measures of athletic identity, flourishing and emotional responses. Results indicated that athletes who had stronger athletic identities also had higher levels of flourishing after retirement. Furthermore, those who retired voluntarily demonstrated high levels of flourishing and less post sport adjustment difficulty in comparison to those who retired involuntarily. Planning for retirement also resulted in significantly less post-retirement adjustment difficulty. Additionally, female athletes who displayed high levels of athletic identity also experienced more negative emotions when dealing with retirement. These findings demonstrate the importance of planning and preparing for retirement, as it has the potential to lead to more positive long terms outcomes for athletes. A better understanding of athletic identity and the experiences of athletes who retire involuntarily will allow governing sporting bodies and sport psychologists the opportunity to identify early the athletes who may be more prone to adjustment difficulties, and intervene appropriately. The development and implementation of a proper athlete transition programme or process within New Zealand would better support healthy and smooth transitions out of sport, and lead to more positive outcomes for athletes.

year: 2019

title: Maori and epilepsy: Personal perceptions of the cause, treatment and consequences of epilepsy by Maori in the Bay of Plenty

authors: Simonsen, Kiri

subjects: Maori

abstract: This paper discusses the perceptions of epilepsy held by Maori in the Bay of Plenty. The paper
begins by introducing the purpose and rationale of the research. It then moves on to describe the
aims and qualitative research methods that were used to collect the data. Finally the paper
discusses the findings of the research, this includes: a close look at the unique perceptions of
epilepsy that were reported by Maori in the Bay of Plenty; the lack of resources and services
available in a small rural town of the Bay of Plenty; the services desired by Maori; attitudes
towards medication and the inappropriate behaviour many of the participants experienced by the
medical profession.

text: Maori and epilepsy: Personal perceptions of the cause, treatment and consequences of epilepsy by Maori in the Bay of Plenty This paper discusses the perceptions of epilepsy held by Maori in the Bay of Plenty. The paper
begins by introducing the purpose and rationale of the research. It then moves on to describe the
aims and qualitative research methods that were used to collect the data. Finally the paper
discusses the findings of the research, this includes: a close look at the unique perceptions of
epilepsy that were reported by Maori in the Bay of Plenty; the lack of resources and services
available in a small rural town of the Bay of Plenty; the services desired by Maori; attitudes
towards medication and the inappropriate behaviour many of the participants experienced by the
medical profession.

year: 1999