title: Contour segments in neverver: Synchronic justifications

authors: Barbour, Julie Renee

subjects: syllabication

abstract: The Neverver language of Vanuatu has been analysed as containing six prenasalised phonemes. Prenasalised phonemes can be described as contour segments, beginning their articulation with nasal airflow [+nasal], and ending their articulation with oral airflow [-nasal]. Syllabification in Neverver provides important evidence of the status of prenasalised phonemes as complex but unitary segments. In this paper, I examine the behaviour of prenasalised phonemes, showing how prenasalised segments behave in the same way as simple segments, and how they contrast clearly with heterogeneous and geminate consonant sequences through syllabification processes that shape the surface forms of inflected verbs. My analysis aligns with native-speaker intuitions about the psychological reality of complex segments in Neverver, and provides evidence against a recent claim that a universal No Contour Principle operates in language.

text: Contour segments in neverver: Synchronic justifications The Neverver language of Vanuatu has been analysed as containing six prenasalised phonemes. Prenasalised phonemes can be described as contour segments, beginning their articulation with nasal airflow [+nasal], and ending their articulation with oral airflow [-nasal]. Syllabification in Neverver provides important evidence of the status of prenasalised phonemes as complex but unitary segments. In this paper, I examine the behaviour of prenasalised phonemes, showing how prenasalised segments behave in the same way as simple segments, and how they contrast clearly with heterogeneous and geminate consonant sequences through syllabification processes that shape the surface forms of inflected verbs. My analysis aligns with native-speaker intuitions about the psychological reality of complex segments in Neverver, and provides evidence against a recent claim that a universal No Contour Principle operates in language.

year: 2011

title: Lie theory and the wave equation in space–time. 5. R-separable solutions of the wave equation ψtt-∆3ψ=0

authors: Kalnins, Ernie G.

subjects: Mathematics

abstract: A detailed classification is made of all orthogonal coordinate systems for which the wave equation ψtt-∆3ψ=0 admits an R-separable solution. Only those coordinate systems are given which are not conformally equivalent to coordinate systems that have already been found in previous articles. We find 106 coordinates to given a total of 368 conformally inequivalent orthogonal coordinates for which the wave equation admits an R separation of variables.

text: Lie theory and the wave equation in space–time. 5. R-separable solutions of the wave equation ψtt-∆3ψ=0 A detailed classification is made of all orthogonal coordinate systems for which the wave equation ψtt-∆3ψ=0 admits an R-separable solution. Only those coordinate systems are given which are not conformally equivalent to coordinate systems that have already been found in previous articles. We find 106 coordinates to given a total of 368 conformally inequivalent orthogonal coordinates for which the wave equation admits an R separation of variables.

year: 1978-06

title: HIV diagnoses in indigenous peoples: comparison of Australia, Canada and New Zealand

authors: Shea, Beverley

subjects: HIV

abstract: In industrial countries, a number of factors put indigenous peoples at increased risk of HIV infection. National surveillance data between 1999 and 2008 provided diagnoses for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Australia), First Nations, Inuit and Métis (Canada excluding Ontario and Quebec) and Māori (New Zealand). Each country provided similar data for a non-indigenous comparison population. Direct standardisation used the 2001 Canadian Aboriginal male population for comparison of five-year diagnosis rates in 1999–2003 and 2004–2008. Using the general population as denominators, we report diagnosis ratios for presumed heterosexual transmission, men who have sex with men (MSM) and intravenous drug users (IDU). Age standardised HIV diagnosis rates in indigenous peoples in Canada in 2004–2008 (178.1 and 178.4/100 000 for men and women respectively) were higher than in Australia (48.5 and 12.9/100 000) and New Zealand (41.9 and 4.3/100 000). Higher HIV diagnosis rates related to heterosexual contact among Aboriginal peoples, especially women, in Canada confirm a widening epidemic beyond the conventional risk groups. This potential of a generalised epidemic requires urgent attention in Aboriginal communities; available evidence can inform policy and action by all stakeholders. Although less striking in Australia and New Zealand, these findings may be relevant to indigenous peoples in other countries.

text: HIV diagnoses in indigenous peoples: comparison of Australia, Canada and New Zealand In industrial countries, a number of factors put indigenous peoples at increased risk of HIV infection. National surveillance data between 1999 and 2008 provided diagnoses for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Australia), First Nations, Inuit and Métis (Canada excluding Ontario and Quebec) and Māori (New Zealand). Each country provided similar data for a non-indigenous comparison population. Direct standardisation used the 2001 Canadian Aboriginal male population for comparison of five-year diagnosis rates in 1999–2003 and 2004–2008. Using the general population as denominators, we report diagnosis ratios for presumed heterosexual transmission, men who have sex with men (MSM) and intravenous drug users (IDU). Age standardised HIV diagnosis rates in indigenous peoples in Canada in 2004–2008 (178.1 and 178.4/100 000 for men and women respectively) were higher than in Australia (48.5 and 12.9/100 000) and New Zealand (41.9 and 4.3/100 000). Higher HIV diagnosis rates related to heterosexual contact among Aboriginal peoples, especially women, in Canada confirm a widening epidemic beyond the conventional risk groups. This potential of a generalised epidemic requires urgent attention in Aboriginal communities; available evidence can inform policy and action by all stakeholders. Although less striking in Australia and New Zealand, these findings may be relevant to indigenous peoples in other countries.

year: 2011