title: A survey on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis in supervisory control

authors: Malik, Robi

subjects: software engineering

abstract: This survey gives an overview of the current research on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis of modular systems modelled as interacting finite-state machines. Compositional algorithms operate by repeatedly simplifying individual components of a large system, replacing them by smaller so-called abstractions, while preserving critical properties. In this way, the exponential growth of the state space can be limited, making it possible to analyse much bigger state spaces than possible by standard state space exploration. This paper gives an introduction to the principles underlying compositional methods, followed by a survey of algorithmic solutions from the recent literature that use compositional methods to analyse systems automatically. The focus is on applications in supervisory control of discrete event systems, particularly on methods that verify critical properties or synthesise controllable and nonblocking supervisors.

text: A survey on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis in supervisory control This survey gives an overview of the current research on compositional algorithms for verification and synthesis of modular systems modelled as interacting finite-state machines. Compositional algorithms operate by repeatedly simplifying individual components of a large system, replacing them by smaller so-called abstractions, while preserving critical properties. In this way, the exponential growth of the state space can be limited, making it possible to analyse much bigger state spaces than possible by standard state space exploration. This paper gives an introduction to the principles underlying compositional methods, followed by a survey of algorithmic solutions from the recent literature that use compositional methods to analyse systems automatically. The focus is on applications in supervisory control of discrete event systems, particularly on methods that verify critical properties or synthesise controllable and nonblocking supervisors.

year: 2023-08-21

title: Public benefit vs Private entities: A fresh look at accounting principles

authors: Van Peursem, Karen A.

subjects: accounting

abstract: The analysis evaluates how and whether accounting principles and assumptions developed for the private sector apply to Public Benefit Entities (PBEs). The broad concern is with the standard setter considering whether integration of the two sectors for promulgation is appropriate. In particular, a view is taken as to whether or not traditional private sector accounting principles and assumptions represent fundamental conceptual problems for PBEs. Examples, particularly within the New Zealand context, are raised and discussed. Results draw on the differences and similarities found to exist. Conclusions suggest the need for distinct standardisation where conceptual differences apply and modified-but-integrated standards where there may be adaptable or minor distinctions between the two sectors.

text: Public benefit vs Private entities: A fresh look at accounting principles The analysis evaluates how and whether accounting principles and assumptions developed for the private sector apply to Public Benefit Entities (PBEs). The broad concern is with the standard setter considering whether integration of the two sectors for promulgation is appropriate. In particular, a view is taken as to whether or not traditional private sector accounting principles and assumptions represent fundamental conceptual problems for PBEs. Examples, particularly within the New Zealand context, are raised and discussed. Results draw on the differences and similarities found to exist. Conclusions suggest the need for distinct standardisation where conceptual differences apply and modified-but-integrated standards where there may be adaptable or minor distinctions between the two sectors.

year: 2006-10

title: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet

authors: Apperley, Mark

subjects: computer science

abstract: Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

text: Delivering the Maori-language newspapers on the Internet Although any collection of historical newspapers provides a particularly rich and valuable record of events and social and political commentary, the content tends to be difficult to access and extremely time-consuming to browse or search. The advent of digital libraries has meant that for electronically stored text, full-text searching is now a tool readily available for researchers, or indeed anyone wishing to have asscess to specific information in text. Text in this form can be readily distributed via CD-ROM or the Internet, with a significant impact on accessibility over traditional microfiche or hard-copy distribution. For the majority of text being generated de nouveau, availability in electronic form is standard, and hence the increasing use of full-text search facilities. However, for legacy text available only in printed form, the provision of these electronic search tools is dependent on the prior electronic capture of digital facsimile images of the printed text, followed by the conversion of these images to electronic text through the process of optical character recognition (OCR). This article describes a project undertaken at the University of Waikato over the period 1999 to 2001 to produce a full-text searchable version of the Niupepa or Maori- language newspaper collection for delivery over the Internet.

year: 2002