title: Safety first: combining task models of medical devices with numeracy skills and technical competence

authors: Bowen, Judy

subjects: computer science

abstract: We propose that by more closely aligning interdisciplinary work in (a) numeracy education for medication dosage calculations and (b) model-driven design for medical devices that are used for delivery of medication we may help address the incident-rate in incorrect medication calculations and delivery, given that such devices commonly require the user to engage with numerical information via a digital interface. We demonstrate the use of task models as a way of supporting safe, effective and efficient delivery of medication to the patient, taking as our example the use of infusion and syringe pumps in Nursing. This work indicates a new way of facilitating knowledge transfer between numeracy education and medical device design and usage, using task models. We aim to support medical professionals’ and students’ numeracy education as well as to inform the design of medical devices based on a better understanding of the use and potential errors of medication delivery by trained professionals.

text: Safety first: combining task models of medical devices with numeracy skills and technical competence We propose that by more closely aligning interdisciplinary work in (a) numeracy education for medication dosage calculations and (b) model-driven design for medical devices that are used for delivery of medication we may help address the incident-rate in incorrect medication calculations and delivery, given that such devices commonly require the user to engage with numerical information via a digital interface. We demonstrate the use of task models as a way of supporting safe, effective and efficient delivery of medication to the patient, taking as our example the use of infusion and syringe pumps in Nursing. This work indicates a new way of facilitating knowledge transfer between numeracy education and medical device design and usage, using task models. We aim to support medical professionals’ and students’ numeracy education as well as to inform the design of medical devices based on a better understanding of the use and potential errors of medication delivery by trained professionals.

year: 2019

title: Research Briefing: Revealing the impact of predictive models as decision support tools in environmental planning

authors: Wallace, Philippa Jane

abstract: Predictive modelling is commonly used to support decision-making in planning. This paper investigates the use, reliability, and effect of this to better understand the ways in which models influence planning policy, practice, and outcomes. The methods comprise of a literature review, model scoping phase, and a systematic analysis of case law.
The paper demonstrates the importance and reach of predictive modelling as a DST in planning and how processes and outcomes are influenced by multiple pressures across the science-policy nexus. These pressures can be classified as scientific practices, political imperatives, and the spaces in-between, such as the practices of communication and translation.
First, the analysis identifies a range of issues which may affect the quality of the evidence base relied upon for decision making. These issues largely relate to the substance of models including their scientific components, evaluative techniques and modes of application. Adoption of rigorous scientific method and techniques of model evaluation are identified as strengthening the evidence base, as is clear communication of model limitations to model users and decision makers. Second, consistency, clarity and communication of key terms underpinning a predictive model are vital to effective planning decisions. Third, reduction in qualitative assumptions and connection of model development to statutory mandates and policy contexts may also increase integrity of the evidence and avoid models assuming de facto decision-making power or interfering with the role of decision makers. Fourth, modelled evidence should not be viewed in isolation but in the context of the wider environment, cumulative effects and the intent of the policy settings.
The paper provides the foundation for ongoing research with stakeholders who develop, use or analyse predictive models as decision support tools in urban planning. The next stage interrogates more deeply the key themes identified in this interim report, such as model fitness for purpose, reliability, the operation of different logics and hidden power, and the policy interface and translation of predictions.

text: Research Briefing: Revealing the impact of predictive models as decision support tools in environmental planning Predictive modelling is commonly used to support decision-making in planning. This paper investigates the use, reliability, and effect of this to better understand the ways in which models influence planning policy, practice, and outcomes. The methods comprise of a literature review, model scoping phase, and a systematic analysis of case law.
The paper demonstrates the importance and reach of predictive modelling as a DST in planning and how processes and outcomes are influenced by multiple pressures across the science-policy nexus. These pressures can be classified as scientific practices, political imperatives, and the spaces in-between, such as the practices of communication and translation.
First, the analysis identifies a range of issues which may affect the quality of the evidence base relied upon for decision making. These issues largely relate to the substance of models including their scientific components, evaluative techniques and modes of application. Adoption of rigorous scientific method and techniques of model evaluation are identified as strengthening the evidence base, as is clear communication of model limitations to model users and decision makers. Second, consistency, clarity and communication of key terms underpinning a predictive model are vital to effective planning decisions. Third, reduction in qualitative assumptions and connection of model development to statutory mandates and policy contexts may also increase integrity of the evidence and avoid models assuming de facto decision-making power or interfering with the role of decision makers. Fourth, modelled evidence should not be viewed in isolation but in the context of the wider environment, cumulative effects and the intent of the policy settings.
The paper provides the foundation for ongoing research with stakeholders who develop, use or analyse predictive models as decision support tools in urban planning. The next stage interrogates more deeply the key themes identified in this interim report, such as model fitness for purpose, reliability, the operation of different logics and hidden power, and the policy interface and translation of predictions.

year: 2018

title: District plan implementation under the RMA: Confessions of a resource consent

authors: Day, Maxine

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This report focuses on results from Phase 2 of PUCM - the quality of plan
implementation in six district councils selected for their range of plan quality and
capacity to plan. Only those results considered to be important for assisting the six
councils (and others) to improve implementation of their plans are included in this
report. The findings and recommendations, both specific and general, ought to be
instructive for other councils, thereby helping to improve their plans and
implementation processes. Since hapu/iwi interests formed a key component of the
research, the outcomes will help enhance their case for better consideration of their
interests when dealing with local government. As well, many of the findings and
recommendations relate to matters of governance and capacity building that require
Government action, which until done will make it difficult for councils to achieve
quality plans and implementation processes.

text: District plan implementation under the RMA: Confessions of a resource consent This report focuses on results from Phase 2 of PUCM - the quality of plan
implementation in six district councils selected for their range of plan quality and
capacity to plan. Only those results considered to be important for assisting the six
councils (and others) to improve implementation of their plans are included in this
report. The findings and recommendations, both specific and general, ought to be
instructive for other councils, thereby helping to improve their plans and
implementation processes. Since hapu/iwi interests formed a key component of the
research, the outcomes will help enhance their case for better consideration of their
interests when dealing with local government. As well, many of the findings and
recommendations relate to matters of governance and capacity building that require
Government action, which until done will make it difficult for councils to achieve
quality plans and implementation processes.

year: 2003-04-15