title: Using formal models to design user interfaces a case study

authors: Bowen, Judy

subjects: computer science

abstract: The use of formal models for user interface design can provide a number of benefits. It can help to ensure consistency across designs for multiple platforms, prove properties such as reachability and completeness and, perhaps most importantly, can help incorporate the user interface design process into a larger, formally-based, software development process. Often, descriptions of such models and examples are presented in isolation from real-world practice in order to focus on particular benefits, small focused examples or the general methodology. This paper presents a case study of developing the user interface to a new software application using a particular pair of formal models, presentation models and presentation interaction models. The aim of this study was to practically apply the use of formal models to the design process of a UI for a new software application. We wanted to determine how easy it would be to integrate such models into our usual development process and to find out what the benefits, and difficulties, of using such models were. We will show how we used the formal models within a user-centred design process, discuss what effect they had on this process and explain what benefits we perceived from their use.

text: Using formal models to design user interfaces a case study The use of formal models for user interface design can provide a number of benefits. It can help to ensure consistency across designs for multiple platforms, prove properties such as reachability and completeness and, perhaps most importantly, can help incorporate the user interface design process into a larger, formally-based, software development process. Often, descriptions of such models and examples are presented in isolation from real-world practice in order to focus on particular benefits, small focused examples or the general methodology. This paper presents a case study of developing the user interface to a new software application using a particular pair of formal models, presentation models and presentation interaction models. The aim of this study was to practically apply the use of formal models to the design process of a UI for a new software application. We wanted to determine how easy it would be to integrate such models into our usual development process and to find out what the benefits, and difficulties, of using such models were. We will show how we used the formal models within a user-centred design process, discuss what effect they had on this process and explain what benefits we perceived from their use.

year: 2007

title: William Archibald Murray: a Piako farmer who invested in Waiorongomai mines

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Proudly Scottish and from a sheep-farming family boasting a distinguished lineage, William Archibald Murray settled in Otago with his brothers in 1858 and acquired a large estate. A successful farmer, he was elected to parliament in 1871 and held his seat until losing it in 1881, becoming infamous as a parliamentarian because of his highly opinionated but tedious speeches. He advocated a wide range of ways to assist the development of New Zealand, but was accused of using his position to attempt to benefit himself and his family. 
Acquiring a large estate in the Piako district in the 1870s, this undeveloped land became a successful farm. On the basis of his experience, he advised others how to farm successfully, and criticized government and council policies affecting farmers, producing alternative ideas, which once more would benefit himself. He invested in Te Aroha mining in a small and unprofitable way, again urging both council and government to assist the field. Because of his land dealings at Te Aroha and Waiorongomai he was accused of being a land shark. He continued to produce fertile ideas on how to benefit the district, none of which would have been to his personal disadvantage. In his desire to encourage settlement he sought ways to separate Maori from their land, and despite arguing that the state should not interfere in people’s lives and should leave them to make their fortunes without being taxed heavily, in practice he wanted state support for a variety of proposals. Despite determined efforts to express his views through his many letters and occasional speeches, he failed to be elected to the county council or to parliament in 1891.  
In addition, Murray produced and publicized several inventions, mostly to help farmers. His last years were spent pioneering another district, named Glen Murray after his family, and his ill health, caused, it was argued, by the exertions involved in breaking in new land, meant he did not inflict so many of his views on the community. A compulsive self-promoter, he managed to annoy many of those he claimed to want to help.

text: William Archibald Murray: a Piako farmer who invested in Waiorongomai mines Proudly Scottish and from a sheep-farming family boasting a distinguished lineage, William Archibald Murray settled in Otago with his brothers in 1858 and acquired a large estate. A successful farmer, he was elected to parliament in 1871 and held his seat until losing it in 1881, becoming infamous as a parliamentarian because of his highly opinionated but tedious speeches. He advocated a wide range of ways to assist the development of New Zealand, but was accused of using his position to attempt to benefit himself and his family. 
Acquiring a large estate in the Piako district in the 1870s, this undeveloped land became a successful farm. On the basis of his experience, he advised others how to farm successfully, and criticized government and council policies affecting farmers, producing alternative ideas, which once more would benefit himself. He invested in Te Aroha mining in a small and unprofitable way, again urging both council and government to assist the field. Because of his land dealings at Te Aroha and Waiorongomai he was accused of being a land shark. He continued to produce fertile ideas on how to benefit the district, none of which would have been to his personal disadvantage. In his desire to encourage settlement he sought ways to separate Maori from their land, and despite arguing that the state should not interfere in people’s lives and should leave them to make their fortunes without being taxed heavily, in practice he wanted state support for a variety of proposals. Despite determined efforts to express his views through his many letters and occasional speeches, he failed to be elected to the county council or to parliament in 1891.  
In addition, Murray produced and publicized several inventions, mostly to help farmers. His last years were spent pioneering another district, named Glen Murray after his family, and his ill health, caused, it was argued, by the exertions involved in breaking in new land, meant he did not inflict so many of his views on the community. A compulsive self-promoter, he managed to annoy many of those he claimed to want to help.

year: 2016

title: Ahumai

authors: Temara, Pou

subjects: Pātere

abstract: E tika ana kia punarua te wānanga i ēnei pātere e rua nā te mea he mārama te kite iho o whatu he ōrite ētahi o ngā rārangi kupu, ngā whakaaro me ngā kareāroto ki te pātere a Ahumai. Ahakoa kāore i te takoto te ingoa o te kaitito i tēnei pātere, nā te ōrite o ētahi o ngā kupu, e taea te whakapae, nā te ringa kotahi ēnei pātere i waituhi? Kai roto hoki i te pātere nei e takaoto ana ngā rohe o Raukawa pērā i Wharepūhunga, me ngā tangata whai mana o tērā iwi pērā i a Tīkao. Hei taituarā ka hahua ake anō te kōrero a Turanga Te Mauparaoa ki te tata o te rohe o te iwi nāna te waiata nei, ki tōna rohe. Kāore te Māori e kī ‘nō tua ake nei tēnei pātere’ mēnā he tawhiti atu te iwi i tōna. Nō reira, ki taku wānanga, ehara tēnei pātere nō ngā iwi o Taranaki. He tawhiti rawa a Taranaki i Murupara. Hāunga a Raukawa, koia te iwi kai ‘tua ake nei’.

E tuku ana ahau i taku ihu kia puta. Ki te tapahia mai, e pai ana. E kī ana hoki au, ko te mea poto te titonga tuatahi, ko te mea roa te titonga o muri mai. He ariā te mea tuatahi nō te mea tuarua.

text: Ahumai E tika ana kia punarua te wānanga i ēnei pātere e rua nā te mea he mārama te kite iho o whatu he ōrite ētahi o ngā rārangi kupu, ngā whakaaro me ngā kareāroto ki te pātere a Ahumai. Ahakoa kāore i te takoto te ingoa o te kaitito i tēnei pātere, nā te ōrite o ētahi o ngā kupu, e taea te whakapae, nā te ringa kotahi ēnei pātere i waituhi? Kai roto hoki i te pātere nei e takaoto ana ngā rohe o Raukawa pērā i Wharepūhunga, me ngā tangata whai mana o tērā iwi pērā i a Tīkao. Hei taituarā ka hahua ake anō te kōrero a Turanga Te Mauparaoa ki te tata o te rohe o te iwi nāna te waiata nei, ki tōna rohe. Kāore te Māori e kī ‘nō tua ake nei tēnei pātere’ mēnā he tawhiti atu te iwi i tōna. Nō reira, ki taku wānanga, ehara tēnei pātere nō ngā iwi o Taranaki. He tawhiti rawa a Taranaki i Murupara. Hāunga a Raukawa, koia te iwi kai ‘tua ake nei’.

E tuku ana ahau i taku ihu kia puta. Ki te tapahia mai, e pai ana. E kī ana hoki au, ko te mea poto te titonga tuatahi, ko te mea roa te titonga o muri mai. He ariā te mea tuatahi nō te mea tuarua.

year: 2017