title: Ecological studies on Lake Ototoa with special reference to the copepod Calamoecia lucasi

authors: Green, J.D.

abstract: New Zealand is a country richly endowed with lakes of all kinds , yet apart from some pioneering surveys (e.g. Cunningham et al 1953, Flint 1938 , Stout 1969, Jolly 1968) and a few more detailed recent studies (e.g. Fish 1970, Barker 1970, Chapman 1972) very little is known about their detailed limnology or of the biology of the plant and animal species inhabiting them. The South Island is characterised by having many large, deep glacial lakes, and a lesser number of smaller bodies of water, supporting populations of various species of the copepod genus Boeckella. In the North Island there are fewer larger lakes, and most of these are concentrated in the volcanic region near the centre of the Island. Elsewhere smaller bodies of water are more characteristic, and particularly in the far north and along the western coastline the most important and common of these are the sand-dune lakes. In contrast with the South Island, species of Boeckella are relatively less common and in most of the smaller lakes, as well as the majority of the larger central ones their place is taken by the small centropagid Calamoecia lucasi which is usually the dominant zooplankter whenever it occurs.
However, only two studies have been made of its biology. Barker (1967) studied some aspects of its seasonal cycle in Lake Pupuke, a eutrophic lake near Auckland, and recently Chapman (1972) has made more extensive investigations of these aspects as well as of population dynamics in Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, two large mesotrophic lakes in the centre of the North Island. 
The study upon which this thesis is based is the first of the ecology of C. lucasi in an oligtrophic lake, and was mainly concerned with the copepod’s seasonal biology, population dynamics and production in one of the northern sand-dune lakes. As well as these aspects, the general limnology of the lake and the cycles of phytoplankton were considered in some detail, not only because of the importance of the environment in determining most limnological cycles, but also because of the lack of knowledge of the general limnology of this important class of New Zealand lake.

text: Ecological studies on Lake Ototoa with special reference to the copepod Calamoecia lucasi New Zealand is a country richly endowed with lakes of all kinds , yet apart from some pioneering surveys (e.g. Cunningham et al 1953, Flint 1938 , Stout 1969, Jolly 1968) and a few more detailed recent studies (e.g. Fish 1970, Barker 1970, Chapman 1972) very little is known about their detailed limnology or of the biology of the plant and animal species inhabiting them. The South Island is characterised by having many large, deep glacial lakes, and a lesser number of smaller bodies of water, supporting populations of various species of the copepod genus Boeckella. In the North Island there are fewer larger lakes, and most of these are concentrated in the volcanic region near the centre of the Island. Elsewhere smaller bodies of water are more characteristic, and particularly in the far north and along the western coastline the most important and common of these are the sand-dune lakes. In contrast with the South Island, species of Boeckella are relatively less common and in most of the smaller lakes, as well as the majority of the larger central ones their place is taken by the small centropagid Calamoecia lucasi which is usually the dominant zooplankter whenever it occurs.
However, only two studies have been made of its biology. Barker (1967) studied some aspects of its seasonal cycle in Lake Pupuke, a eutrophic lake near Auckland, and recently Chapman (1972) has made more extensive investigations of these aspects as well as of population dynamics in Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti, two large mesotrophic lakes in the centre of the North Island. 
The study upon which this thesis is based is the first of the ecology of C. lucasi in an oligtrophic lake, and was mainly concerned with the copepod’s seasonal biology, population dynamics and production in one of the northern sand-dune lakes. As well as these aspects, the general limnology of the lake and the cycles of phytoplankton were considered in some detail, not only because of the importance of the environment in determining most limnological cycles, but also because of the lack of knowledge of the general limnology of this important class of New Zealand lake.

year: 1973

title: Developing usability studies via formal models of UIs

authors: Bowen, Judy

subjects: computer science

abstract: Developing usability studies to evaluate software is a task requiring a wide variety of skills. For software developers who are not used to taking a user-centred approach to development it is often easier and more convenient to dismiss the use of user evaluation as too time-consuming or too hard. This is even more likely to be the case for developers who take a formal approach to software development, which is generally not focused on interface or usability concerns. In this paper we present an early investigation into the use of formal models of user interface designs as the basis for designing software evaluation studies. We have undertaken a comparison study to find out whether a useful study can be derived in this way and whether or not further investigation into this is worthwhile, and we present the results here.

text: Developing usability studies via formal models of UIs Developing usability studies to evaluate software is a task requiring a wide variety of skills. For software developers who are not used to taking a user-centred approach to development it is often easier and more convenient to dismiss the use of user evaluation as too time-consuming or too hard. This is even more likely to be the case for developers who take a formal approach to software development, which is generally not focused on interface or usability concerns. In this paper we present an early investigation into the use of formal models of user interface designs as the basis for designing software evaluation studies. We have undertaken a comparison study to find out whether a useful study can be derived in this way and whether or not further investigation into this is worthwhile, and we present the results here.

year: 2010

title: Waata Kukutai: Rangatira o Ngaati Tiipa 1822-1867

authors: Ewe, Denise Te Tuhi

subjects: Biography

abstract: This thesis examines the life of Ngaati Tiipa rangatira Waata Kukutai (1822-1867), and critiques historical perspectives that have narrowly identified him as merely a Kuupapa loyalist. This study argues that Kukutai’s choices and leadership were driven first and foremost by those things he viewed as crucial to Ngaati Tiipa autonomy and wellbeing. Kukutai was an articulate and well-educated leader of Ngaati Tiipa. Waata was governed by principles of rangatiratanga (chieftainship), mana motuhake (independence) and loyalty to Ngaati Tiipa and to the whenua. He was deeply religious and courageous and was an entrepreneur who sought to protect his people by securing economic independence. This thesis shows how he negotiated colonial structures by forming strategic alliances, and in the process led his people through one of the most turbulent periods in New Zealand history.  

Waata was an enigma shaped by loss, vision and hope for a new future in extraordinary times in New Zealand’s history. Waata was a polarising personality who held fast to his life principles. He withstood immense pressure from other Waikato chiefs during the Waikato invasion. During the Waikato War Waata was most active, carrying letters, food and supplies to colonial soldiers and earned himself and his tribe of Ngaati Tiipa the label of kuupapa. While Waata was not the only ‘friendly chief’ during colonial times he has been the most pillorised in Waikato. Seemingly ignored by many historians is at the same time Waata ensued that Ngaati Tiipa land was never invaded by the colonial troops. Waata’s actions protected his people and his land and maintained his mana motuhake, his sovereignty over his district.

text: Waata Kukutai: Rangatira o Ngaati Tiipa 1822-1867 This thesis examines the life of Ngaati Tiipa rangatira Waata Kukutai (1822-1867), and critiques historical perspectives that have narrowly identified him as merely a Kuupapa loyalist. This study argues that Kukutai’s choices and leadership were driven first and foremost by those things he viewed as crucial to Ngaati Tiipa autonomy and wellbeing. Kukutai was an articulate and well-educated leader of Ngaati Tiipa. Waata was governed by principles of rangatiratanga (chieftainship), mana motuhake (independence) and loyalty to Ngaati Tiipa and to the whenua. He was deeply religious and courageous and was an entrepreneur who sought to protect his people by securing economic independence. This thesis shows how he negotiated colonial structures by forming strategic alliances, and in the process led his people through one of the most turbulent periods in New Zealand history.  

Waata was an enigma shaped by loss, vision and hope for a new future in extraordinary times in New Zealand’s history. Waata was a polarising personality who held fast to his life principles. He withstood immense pressure from other Waikato chiefs during the Waikato invasion. During the Waikato War Waata was most active, carrying letters, food and supplies to colonial soldiers and earned himself and his tribe of Ngaati Tiipa the label of kuupapa. While Waata was not the only ‘friendly chief’ during colonial times he has been the most pillorised in Waikato. Seemingly ignored by many historians is at the same time Waata ensued that Ngaati Tiipa land was never invaded by the colonial troops. Waata’s actions protected his people and his land and maintained his mana motuhake, his sovereignty over his district.

year: 2020