title: A review on current trends and future prospectives of electrospun biopolymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications

authors: Syed, Murtaza Haider

abstract: Electrospinning (ES) is considered the most advanced and robust method to make nanoscale materials named nanofibers (NFs) using various polymers. However, due to the hazardous and toxic nature of petroleum based polymers, the trend has shifted toward biopolymers. Conventional techniques to fabricate NFs are nonreproducible, require tedious procedures, and most incorporate toxicity to the final product. ES gained tremendous momentum as it is a crucial solution to the drawbacks of conventional methods. In recent years much prepondering research and review work has been done on ES applications. However, the present paper does not cliche the routine reporting format by review papers in recent years. Instead, it highlights the ignored significant parameters especially solvent related in current research responsible for underutilizing ES and new innovative ES methods. The current review signifies ES's crucial necessity for biomedical applications compared to conventional methods with similar biocomposites. A systematic review of the literature was done to correlate those parameters with the present work to find the gap in the existing literature. The present review is significant in providing a helpful tool to improve further the properties of the NFs biocomposites by ES methods. Significant missing correlations were identified, which, if considered in the future, can drastically improve the future of ES applications.

text: A review on current trends and future prospectives of electrospun biopolymeric nanofibers for biomedical applications Electrospinning (ES) is considered the most advanced and robust method to make nanoscale materials named nanofibers (NFs) using various polymers. However, due to the hazardous and toxic nature of petroleum based polymers, the trend has shifted toward biopolymers. Conventional techniques to fabricate NFs are nonreproducible, require tedious procedures, and most incorporate toxicity to the final product. ES gained tremendous momentum as it is a crucial solution to the drawbacks of conventional methods. In recent years much prepondering research and review work has been done on ES applications. However, the present paper does not cliche the routine reporting format by review papers in recent years. Instead, it highlights the ignored significant parameters especially solvent related in current research responsible for underutilizing ES and new innovative ES methods. The current review signifies ES's crucial necessity for biomedical applications compared to conventional methods with similar biocomposites. A systematic review of the literature was done to correlate those parameters with the present work to find the gap in the existing literature. The present review is significant in providing a helpful tool to improve further the properties of the NFs biocomposites by ES methods. Significant missing correlations were identified, which, if considered in the future, can drastically improve the future of ES applications.

year: 2023-10-10

title: Large-scale automatic species identification

authors: Mo, Jeff

subjects: computer science

abstract: The crowd-sourced Naturewatch GBIF dataset is used to obtain a species classification dataset containing approximately 1.2 million photos of nearly 20 thousand different species of biological organisms observed in their natural habitat. We present a general hierarchical species identification system based on deep convolutional neural networks trained on the NatureWatch dataset. The dataset contains images taken under a wide variety of conditions and is heavily imbalanced, with most species associated with only few images. We apply multi-view classification as a way to lend more influence to high frequency details, hierarchical fine-tuning to help with class imbalance and provide regularisation, and automatic specificity control for optimising classification depth. Our system achieves 55.8% accuracy when identifying individual species and around 90% accuracy at an average taxonomy depth of 5.1—equivalent to the taxonomic rank of “family”—when applying automatic specificity control.

text: Large-scale automatic species identification The crowd-sourced Naturewatch GBIF dataset is used to obtain a species classification dataset containing approximately 1.2 million photos of nearly 20 thousand different species of biological organisms observed in their natural habitat. We present a general hierarchical species identification system based on deep convolutional neural networks trained on the NatureWatch dataset. The dataset contains images taken under a wide variety of conditions and is heavily imbalanced, with most species associated with only few images. We apply multi-view classification as a way to lend more influence to high frequency details, hierarchical fine-tuning to help with class imbalance and provide regularisation, and automatic specificity control for optimising classification depth. Our system achieves 55.8% accuracy when identifying individual species and around 90% accuracy at an average taxonomy depth of 5.1—equivalent to the taxonomic rank of “family”—when applying automatic specificity control.

year: 2017

title: Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori

authors: Cormack, Donna

subjects: Humans

abstract: In Aotearoa New Zealand, people regularly travel away from their home to receive hospital care. While the role of whānau support for patients in hospital is critical for Māori, there is little information about away-from-home hospitalisations. This paper describes the frequency and patterning of away-from-home hospitalisations and inter-hospital transfers for Māori. Data from the National Minimum Dataset (NMDS), for the 6-year period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2014, were analysed. Basic frequencies, means and descriptive statistics were produced using SAS software. We found that more than 10% of all routine hospitalisations constituted an away-from-home hospitalisation for Māori; that is, a hospitalisation that was in a district health board (DHB) other than the DHB of usual residence for the patient. One quarter (25.19%) of transfer hospitalisations were to a DHB other than the patient's DHB of domicile. Away-from-home hospital admissions increase for Māori as deprivation increases for both routine and transfer admissions, with over half of Māori hospital admissions among people who live in areas of high deprivation. This analysis aids in understanding away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori whānau, the characteristics associated with these types of hospitalisations and supports the development and implementation of policies which better meet whānau Māori needs. The cumulative impact of the need to travel to hospital for care, levels of poverty and a primarily reimbursement-based travel assistance system all perpetuate an unequal cost burden placed upon Māori whānau.

text: Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori In Aotearoa New Zealand, people regularly travel away from their home to receive hospital care. While the role of whānau support for patients in hospital is critical for Māori, there is little information about away-from-home hospitalisations. This paper describes the frequency and patterning of away-from-home hospitalisations and inter-hospital transfers for Māori. Data from the National Minimum Dataset (NMDS), for the 6-year period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2014, were analysed. Basic frequencies, means and descriptive statistics were produced using SAS software. We found that more than 10% of all routine hospitalisations constituted an away-from-home hospitalisation for Māori; that is, a hospitalisation that was in a district health board (DHB) other than the DHB of usual residence for the patient. One quarter (25.19%) of transfer hospitalisations were to a DHB other than the patient's DHB of domicile. Away-from-home hospital admissions increase for Māori as deprivation increases for both routine and transfer admissions, with over half of Māori hospital admissions among people who live in areas of high deprivation. This analysis aids in understanding away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori whānau, the characteristics associated with these types of hospitalisations and supports the development and implementation of policies which better meet whānau Māori needs. The cumulative impact of the need to travel to hospital for care, levels of poverty and a primarily reimbursement-based travel assistance system all perpetuate an unequal cost burden placed upon Māori whānau.

year: 2022-11-11