title: Introducing the Draft Learning Progression Framework for Maori in the New Zealand Curriculum

authors: Crombie, Winifred

subjects: Māori education

abstract: This paper introduces the draft Learning Progression Framework for Māori in mainstream schools which we prepared in the first half of 2003 for the New Zealand Ministry of Education. Readers are invited to contact the authors if they wish to make any suggestions in relation to the final content of the document.

text: Introducing the Draft Learning Progression Framework for Maori in the New Zealand Curriculum This paper introduces the draft Learning Progression Framework for Māori in mainstream schools which we prepared in the first half of 2003 for the New Zealand Ministry of Education. Readers are invited to contact the authors if they wish to make any suggestions in relation to the final content of the document.

year: 2003-09

title: ‘Doctoring’ our own: Confessions of a Māori doctoral supervisor

authors: Hohepa, Margie Kahukura

subjects: Māori doctoral student

abstract: There is very little literature, empirically based or otherwise, on the supervision of Māori doctoral students (Fitzgerald, 2005; Pope, 2008; Kidman, 2007; Smith, 2007). There is even less relating to Māori supervisors working with Māori doctoral students (Kidinan, 2007), let alone Māori supervisors working with non- Māori students. While the relatively large corpus of literature on doctoral supervision may be of some assistance to Māori supervisors, there is also a dearth of studies that focus on the pedagogical aspects. Research undertaken by Elizabeth McKinley and her co-researchers (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin & Williams, 2009) will now help to fill the literature gap on the teaching and learning process of supervision as it pertains to Māori.

text: ‘Doctoring’ our own: Confessions of a Māori doctoral supervisor There is very little literature, empirically based or otherwise, on the supervision of Māori doctoral students (Fitzgerald, 2005; Pope, 2008; Kidman, 2007; Smith, 2007). There is even less relating to Māori supervisors working with Māori doctoral students (Kidinan, 2007), let alone Māori supervisors working with non- Māori students. While the relatively large corpus of literature on doctoral supervision may be of some assistance to Māori supervisors, there is also a dearth of studies that focus on the pedagogical aspects. Research undertaken by Elizabeth McKinley and her co-researchers (McKinley, Grant, Middleton, Irwin & Williams, 2009) will now help to fill the literature gap on the teaching and learning process of supervision as it pertains to Māori.

year: 2010

title: Measuring the effectiveness of routing defenses through the lens of DROP

authors: Oliver-Dowling, Leo

subjects: Computer networking

abstract: This work analyzes the properties of 712 prefixes that appeared in Spamhaus’ “Don’t Route Or Peer” (DROP) list over a nearly three-year period from June 2019 to March 2022. The 712 known abused prefixes are used as a lens to assess the current threat landscape and evaluate several of the leading rout- ing defense mechanisms. A thorough characterization of these 712 prefixes is performed and it is found that a larger fraction of the hijacked prefixes were from Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) with restrictive policies regarding Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) eligibility. It is also found that attackers were predominately targeting address space that was unrouted and not RPKI-signed. The work reveals that attackers were subverting multiple defenses against malicious use of address space, including creating fraudu- lent Internet Routing Registry records for prefixes shortly before using them. Other attackers disguised their activities by announcing routes with origin Autonomous Systems (ASes) consistent with historic route announcements, and in one case, with the Autonomous System Number (ASN) in a RPKI Route Origin Authorization. Finally, the work quantifies the substantial and actively-exploited surface in unrouted space, which warrants reconsideration of RPKI eligibility and policies by both operators and RIRs.

text: Measuring the effectiveness of routing defenses through the lens of DROP This work analyzes the properties of 712 prefixes that appeared in Spamhaus’ “Don’t Route Or Peer” (DROP) list over a nearly three-year period from June 2019 to March 2022. The 712 known abused prefixes are used as a lens to assess the current threat landscape and evaluate several of the leading rout- ing defense mechanisms. A thorough characterization of these 712 prefixes is performed and it is found that a larger fraction of the hijacked prefixes were from Regional Internet Registries (RIRs) with restrictive policies regarding Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) eligibility. It is also found that attackers were predominately targeting address space that was unrouted and not RPKI-signed. The work reveals that attackers were subverting multiple defenses against malicious use of address space, including creating fraudu- lent Internet Routing Registry records for prefixes shortly before using them. Other attackers disguised their activities by announcing routes with origin Autonomous Systems (ASes) consistent with historic route announcements, and in one case, with the Autonomous System Number (ASN) in a RPKI Route Origin Authorization. Finally, the work quantifies the substantial and actively-exploited surface in unrouted space, which warrants reconsideration of RPKI eligibility and policies by both operators and RIRs.

year: 2022