title: Measuring eye movements while tracking accelerating and decelerating targets

authors: Luckie, Joanne Marie

subjects: Eye-Tracking

abstract: Humans have an anisotropic perception of motion in depth.  An object moving towards the eye is perceived correctly, but when an object is moving away the points closest to the eye appear to be moving faster than the points further away from the eye.  This research examined if there is a difference between eye movement patterns during the two directions (forwards and away), how the eye tracks an accelerating or decelerating target, and if the anisotropic response to motion can be improved with practice.  Participants were asked to watch a movie of a target moving across a computer screen.  The target moved either left to right accelerating from a slow velocity (forwards condition), or right to left decelerating from a fast velocity (backwards condition).  Participant’s eye velocity and saccades were used to look for differences between the two conditions as well as changes over time (learning).  It was found that mean tracking velocity errors differed between the directions, and at different time slices of the videos.  Participants learned to make less tracking errors at the highest velocities during the backwards condition.  Anticipation differed between the directions, as anticipation was only seen during the backwards condition.  Participants learned to make saccades prior to the motion of the target, and the more trials they experienced the greater the learning results.  Overall, a number of differences were identified between accelerating and decelerating movement conditions indicating that eye movements may play a role in the anisotropic perception of motion in depth effect.

text: Measuring eye movements while tracking accelerating and decelerating targets Humans have an anisotropic perception of motion in depth.  An object moving towards the eye is perceived correctly, but when an object is moving away the points closest to the eye appear to be moving faster than the points further away from the eye.  This research examined if there is a difference between eye movement patterns during the two directions (forwards and away), how the eye tracks an accelerating or decelerating target, and if the anisotropic response to motion can be improved with practice.  Participants were asked to watch a movie of a target moving across a computer screen.  The target moved either left to right accelerating from a slow velocity (forwards condition), or right to left decelerating from a fast velocity (backwards condition).  Participant’s eye velocity and saccades were used to look for differences between the two conditions as well as changes over time (learning).  It was found that mean tracking velocity errors differed between the directions, and at different time slices of the videos.  Participants learned to make less tracking errors at the highest velocities during the backwards condition.  Anticipation differed between the directions, as anticipation was only seen during the backwards condition.  Participants learned to make saccades prior to the motion of the target, and the more trials they experienced the greater the learning results.  Overall, a number of differences were identified between accelerating and decelerating movement conditions indicating that eye movements may play a role in the anisotropic perception of motion in depth effect.

year: 2018

title: The Waitoki, Waitoki Extended, Werahiko, Success, Silver King, Cadman and Bendigo mines at Waiorongomai

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: The Werahiko and Waitoki mines were the first to work this ground, with great expectations. During 1882 and 1883 there were periodic encouraging reports of the value of the ore, but expectations were dashed when the first crushing proved it was unpayable. Nevertheless, some mining continued on part of the ground, which was worked under several different names. Optimism that better gold would be struck was indicated by a warden’s court suit seeking its forfeiture for non-working. 
Some owners acquired the ground in the hope of selling it to overseas investors, but apart from the Te Aroha Silver and Gold Mining Company acquiring it in 1888 (and soon abandoning it) these hopes were in vain. Small-scale development continued into the twentieth century, but the erratic ore and the inadequate treatment methods available meant that little benefit resulted from such off-and-on mining. The Bendigo battery was erected to treat the ore, but quickly closed in 1912. During the Depression more prospecting took place, but mining ended for good in 1936.

text: The Waitoki, Waitoki Extended, Werahiko, Success, Silver King, Cadman and Bendigo mines at Waiorongomai The Werahiko and Waitoki mines were the first to work this ground, with great expectations. During 1882 and 1883 there were periodic encouraging reports of the value of the ore, but expectations were dashed when the first crushing proved it was unpayable. Nevertheless, some mining continued on part of the ground, which was worked under several different names. Optimism that better gold would be struck was indicated by a warden’s court suit seeking its forfeiture for non-working. 
Some owners acquired the ground in the hope of selling it to overseas investors, but apart from the Te Aroha Silver and Gold Mining Company acquiring it in 1888 (and soon abandoning it) these hopes were in vain. Small-scale development continued into the twentieth century, but the erratic ore and the inadequate treatment methods available meant that little benefit resulted from such off-and-on mining. The Bendigo battery was erected to treat the ore, but quickly closed in 1912. During the Depression more prospecting took place, but mining ended for good in 1936.

year: 2016

title: Recognition and indigenizing official statistics: Reflections from Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

subjects: Indigenou

abstract: In First World colonised nations such as Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia, population statistics form the evidentiary base for how Indigenous peoples are known and `managed' through state policy approaches. Yet, population statistics are not a neutral counting. Decisions of what and how to count reflect particular assumptions about Indigenous identity, ways of life and wellbeing. More often than not, the requirements and priorities of government take precedence over the informational needs and priorities of Indigenous communities. Whereas National Statistics Offices (NSOs) once rendered Indigenous peoples invisible in official statistics through non-recognition, the more pressing problem in the 21st century is that of misrecognition. In seeking to move beyond statistical misrecognition, we propose a set of guiding principles for bringing government reporting frameworks and Indigenous concepts of identity and wellbeing into closer proximity. We argue that a principled approach to collecting, disseminating and analysing Indigenous data not only avoids misrecognising Indigenous peoples but enhances the functionality of official statistics for Indigenous peoples and NSOs alike.

text: Recognition and indigenizing official statistics: Reflections from Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia In First World colonised nations such as Aotearoa New Zealand and Australia, population statistics form the evidentiary base for how Indigenous peoples are known and `managed' through state policy approaches. Yet, population statistics are not a neutral counting. Decisions of what and how to count reflect particular assumptions about Indigenous identity, ways of life and wellbeing. More often than not, the requirements and priorities of government take precedence over the informational needs and priorities of Indigenous communities. Whereas National Statistics Offices (NSOs) once rendered Indigenous peoples invisible in official statistics through non-recognition, the more pressing problem in the 21st century is that of misrecognition. In seeking to move beyond statistical misrecognition, we propose a set of guiding principles for bringing government reporting frameworks and Indigenous concepts of identity and wellbeing into closer proximity. We argue that a principled approach to collecting, disseminating and analysing Indigenous data not only avoids misrecognising Indigenous peoples but enhances the functionality of official statistics for Indigenous peoples and NSOs alike.

year: 2015