title: Testing the synchroneity of pollen signals using tephrostratigraphy

authors: Newnham, Rewi M.

subjects: pollen signals

abstract: Since the advent of radiocarbon dating, the concept of synchronous pollen-vegetation events extending across broad regions such as the British Isles, which had emerged from earlier pollen-stratigraphic studies, has been largely refuted. Nevertheless the assumption that pollen profiles within a geographically coherent area should exhibit broadly comparable and synchronous pollen signals still holds currency among some palynologists. This assumption is tested here by comparing pollen spectra between lateglacial and postglacial sites in northern New Zealand, until recently unaffected by human activity, where independent correlations are obtained by tephrochronology. At sites of similar size, morphology, and depositional environment within the same phytogeomorphic region, it is possible to achieve accurate palynological correlations, provided local taxa and those representing ecologically disparate source species are omitted from the pollen datasets. However, anomalous correlations may still occur and are more likely when sites with different depositional environments or at greater distances are compared. These results suggest that the concept of synchronous pollen signals, even between nearby sites with similar depositional setting, is not universally applicable and it is possible that erroneous palynostratigraphic correlations have been made in the past.

text: Testing the synchroneity of pollen signals using tephrostratigraphy Since the advent of radiocarbon dating, the concept of synchronous pollen-vegetation events extending across broad regions such as the British Isles, which had emerged from earlier pollen-stratigraphic studies, has been largely refuted. Nevertheless the assumption that pollen profiles within a geographically coherent area should exhibit broadly comparable and synchronous pollen signals still holds currency among some palynologists. This assumption is tested here by comparing pollen spectra between lateglacial and postglacial sites in northern New Zealand, until recently unaffected by human activity, where independent correlations are obtained by tephrochronology. At sites of similar size, morphology, and depositional environment within the same phytogeomorphic region, it is possible to achieve accurate palynological correlations, provided local taxa and those representing ecologically disparate source species are omitted from the pollen datasets. However, anomalous correlations may still occur and are more likely when sites with different depositional environments or at greater distances are compared. These results suggest that the concept of synchronous pollen signals, even between nearby sites with similar depositional setting, is not universally applicable and it is possible that erroneous palynostratigraphic correlations have been made in the past.

year: 1999

title: Adolescents' Stigmatisation of Mental Illness

authors: Greenman, Alison Mary

subjects: Stigmatisation

abstract: Stigmatisation of individuals with mental illness has a negative effect on their quality of life, help seeking behaviour, treatment outcomes, and on the individual‟s self-esteem and self-efficacy. The stigmatisation of mental illness has a harmful impact on the individual experience of mental illness and is found to reduce help-seeking behaviour. Adolescents in particular, are theorised to be the most vulnerable to the effects of stigmatisation and vulnerable to mental illness. This makes the identification of possible stigma within the adolescent population the first of several important steps on the road to reducing stigmatisation of mental illness and increasing help-seeking behaviour within this population. This study examined how the knowledge that someone has a mental illness affected adolescent cognitions about that person. The results indicate no significant difference for the total scores on the PPQ for the experimental and control conditions. However, the adolescents did show stigmatisation of mental illness when looking at the individual questions on the PPQ. They saw the interviewee as hostile, less competent as a parent, and as someone they would be less likely to go to for help in solving their problems. This research supports international literature which suggests the most prevalent mental illness stigmatisations are related to dangerousness and competence.

text: Adolescents' Stigmatisation of Mental Illness Stigmatisation of individuals with mental illness has a negative effect on their quality of life, help seeking behaviour, treatment outcomes, and on the individual‟s self-esteem and self-efficacy. The stigmatisation of mental illness has a harmful impact on the individual experience of mental illness and is found to reduce help-seeking behaviour. Adolescents in particular, are theorised to be the most vulnerable to the effects of stigmatisation and vulnerable to mental illness. This makes the identification of possible stigma within the adolescent population the first of several important steps on the road to reducing stigmatisation of mental illness and increasing help-seeking behaviour within this population. This study examined how the knowledge that someone has a mental illness affected adolescent cognitions about that person. The results indicate no significant difference for the total scores on the PPQ for the experimental and control conditions. However, the adolescents did show stigmatisation of mental illness when looking at the individual questions on the PPQ. They saw the interviewee as hostile, less competent as a parent, and as someone they would be less likely to go to for help in solving their problems. This research supports international literature which suggests the most prevalent mental illness stigmatisations are related to dangerousness and competence.

year: 2012

title: Te Whare o Te Kahikatoa: He Kura nui, he Kura roa, he Kura Parawhakawai

authors: Rangihau, Ngatai

subjects: Kahikatoa

abstract: “Te Whare o te Kahikatoa,
Te Iho o te Maire,
Te Pōkaitāniwhaniwha o te Kohu”
(TKPOT, 2010-2016).¹

Ka hoki nei kia Te Maunga rāua ko Hinepukohurangi, ki te taetanga mai hoki o Mataatua waka², ko ngā kura o tawhito, kura wānanga, kura parawhakawai o te iwi o Tūhoe ngā tino whare whakapakari pōkaitāniwhaniwha mō roto i te whare o te kahikatoa. Īnā te rahi o ngā toataumatarau i puta ngā ihu, ka tū rātau hai toa rangatira ārahi i te iwi. Ki te kore ēneki kura o te nehenehe kāre he oranga, kāre e eke te iwi ngā whakairinga tūmanako e wawatatia ana e rātau.
 
Waihoki, ko te kaupapa e rangahau ana i tēnei tuhinga he whakapono, he whakapae, kai konei tonu tēnei hua o te wānanga. He kura hai whakapakari rangatira mō āpōpō. Ahakoa tēnei ao hurihuri koinei tonu tētahi huarahi nā te Māori, nā Tūhoe hai whakaohooho mā ngā uri whakaheke, e mau pū ai a Ngāi Tūhoe ki ōna kura tapu o nehe.

text: Te Whare o Te Kahikatoa: He Kura nui, he Kura roa, he Kura Parawhakawai “Te Whare o te Kahikatoa,
Te Iho o te Maire,
Te Pōkaitāniwhaniwha o te Kohu”
(TKPOT, 2010-2016).¹

Ka hoki nei kia Te Maunga rāua ko Hinepukohurangi, ki te taetanga mai hoki o Mataatua waka², ko ngā kura o tawhito, kura wānanga, kura parawhakawai o te iwi o Tūhoe ngā tino whare whakapakari pōkaitāniwhaniwha mō roto i te whare o te kahikatoa. Īnā te rahi o ngā toataumatarau i puta ngā ihu, ka tū rātau hai toa rangatira ārahi i te iwi. Ki te kore ēneki kura o te nehenehe kāre he oranga, kāre e eke te iwi ngā whakairinga tūmanako e wawatatia ana e rātau.
 
Waihoki, ko te kaupapa e rangahau ana i tēnei tuhinga he whakapono, he whakapae, kai konei tonu tēnei hua o te wānanga. He kura hai whakapakari rangatira mō āpōpō. Ahakoa tēnei ao hurihuri koinei tonu tētahi huarahi nā te Māori, nā Tūhoe hai whakaohooho mā ngā uri whakaheke, e mau pū ai a Ngāi Tūhoe ki ōna kura tapu o nehe.

year: 2017