title: UNDER THE VOLCANO: The People of Kalapana, 1823 to 2010 [Book review]

authors: McCormack, Fiona

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: Kalapana is a significant place in Hawaiian imaginaries. It was one of the few Hawaiian communities to survive as such into the twentieth century. It also lies in the shadow of Kīlauea, the most active of the Hawaiian volcanoes and home of the goddess Pele. Under the Volcano, authored by Langas and kūpuna (elders), is divided into three parts. In part 1 (chapters 1–2), Langlas describes the abandonment in 1819 of the priest-led religion of heiau (temples), the subsequent conversion to Christianity, and the multi-layers of property-making enmeshing Kalapana: for instance, the overlapping land stewardship regimes associated with the different strata of pre-contact Hawaiian social organization—ahupua‘a, moku, and kuleana; the mid-1800s Māhele (land division); and the impact of the subsequent splitting of land into government lands, crown lands, private property, and homesteads. While this history of land reform played out throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, certain distinctive features set Kalapana apart. For instance, while no commoners received kuleana awards in Kalapana, the sale of government land in combination with the Hawaiian practices of joint family inheritances as well as of sharing land, meant that “a class distinction between owners and non-owners” (27) did not develop. This emphasis on egalitarianism is a key characteristic of Kalapana, as is the vibrant hybrid culture that emerged as a result of absorbing the changes in land ownership and beliefs.

text: UNDER THE VOLCANO: The People of Kalapana, 1823 to 2010 [Book review] Kalapana is a significant place in Hawaiian imaginaries. It was one of the few Hawaiian communities to survive as such into the twentieth century. It also lies in the shadow of Kīlauea, the most active of the Hawaiian volcanoes and home of the goddess Pele. Under the Volcano, authored by Langas and kūpuna (elders), is divided into three parts. In part 1 (chapters 1–2), Langlas describes the abandonment in 1819 of the priest-led religion of heiau (temples), the subsequent conversion to Christianity, and the multi-layers of property-making enmeshing Kalapana: for instance, the overlapping land stewardship regimes associated with the different strata of pre-contact Hawaiian social organization—ahupua‘a, moku, and kuleana; the mid-1800s Māhele (land division); and the impact of the subsequent splitting of land into government lands, crown lands, private property, and homesteads. While this history of land reform played out throughout the Hawaiian archipelago, certain distinctive features set Kalapana apart. For instance, while no commoners received kuleana awards in Kalapana, the sale of government land in combination with the Hawaiian practices of joint family inheritances as well as of sharing land, meant that “a class distinction between owners and non-owners” (27) did not develop. This emphasis on egalitarianism is a key characteristic of Kalapana, as is the vibrant hybrid culture that emerged as a result of absorbing the changes in land ownership and beliefs.

year: 2018

title: Weeds and the Rotorua Lakes

authors: Clayton, John

abstract: The Rotorua Lakes are of volcanic origin and they form an integral feature of the regions landscape. No other region in New Zealand has such an interesting combination of lakes in close proximity, each of which offers unique cultural values and a diversity of
recreational activities.
Rotorua lake weeds rose to public and political prominence in the 1960s and the first seminar addressing this issue was held in 1964. A second meeting followed in 1966 with a ‘Seminar on Water Weeds’. These seminars involved outside experts and many will
remember Prof Val Chapman, University of Auckland, who had a prominent role supervising research on these weed problems with his students. I was his last PhD student before he retired in c. 1975.
This talk will provide an outline of key changes in the Rotorua Lakes over time by focusing on the aquatic plants. The aquatic plants in a lake provide a window into understanding the health and condition of each lake and this talk explains how native and invasive plants can be used to assess or describe lake condition, enabling lakes to be ranked, monitored and compared. The native condition of each lake has been compromised by two key impacts; invasive plant species and declining water clarity. Other potential impacts are also discussed. Key invasive weed species will be illustrated and discussed, including their spread and ecological impacts. Some of the history of management response will be discussed along with some thoughts about the future.

text: Weeds and the Rotorua Lakes The Rotorua Lakes are of volcanic origin and they form an integral feature of the regions landscape. No other region in New Zealand has such an interesting combination of lakes in close proximity, each of which offers unique cultural values and a diversity of
recreational activities.
Rotorua lake weeds rose to public and political prominence in the 1960s and the first seminar addressing this issue was held in 1964. A second meeting followed in 1966 with a ‘Seminar on Water Weeds’. These seminars involved outside experts and many will
remember Prof Val Chapman, University of Auckland, who had a prominent role supervising research on these weed problems with his students. I was his last PhD student before he retired in c. 1975.
This talk will provide an outline of key changes in the Rotorua Lakes over time by focusing on the aquatic plants. The aquatic plants in a lake provide a window into understanding the health and condition of each lake and this talk explains how native and invasive plants can be used to assess or describe lake condition, enabling lakes to be ranked, monitored and compared. The native condition of each lake has been compromised by two key impacts; invasive plant species and declining water clarity. Other potential impacts are also discussed. Key invasive weed species will be illustrated and discussed, including their spread and ecological impacts. Some of the history of management response will be discussed along with some thoughts about the future.

year: 2015

title: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi

authors: Ngaia, Te Ingo Karangaroa Terehia

subjects: Waikato Maniapoto

abstract: Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

text: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

year: 2010