title: Social policy approaches to Hurricane Katrina and the Christchurch Earthquakes

authors: Al-Shamri, Faisal Ali Ahmed

subjects: natural disasters

abstract: Using secondary sources, the purpose of this thesis is to compare the two disasters – Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the two Christchurch Earthquakes in New Zealand and show how the countries managed the aftermath of each of the disasters. The thesis explores Esping-Andersen’s concept of welfare typologies and shows where New Zealand and the United States fit into his framework. The thesis also reviewed some critiques to Esping-Andersen’s typology.  It details the events of the disasters and how the respective governments responded given their social policy approaches.

text: Social policy approaches to Hurricane Katrina and the Christchurch Earthquakes Using secondary sources, the purpose of this thesis is to compare the two disasters – Hurricane Katrina in the United States and the two Christchurch Earthquakes in New Zealand and show how the countries managed the aftermath of each of the disasters. The thesis explores Esping-Andersen’s concept of welfare typologies and shows where New Zealand and the United States fit into his framework. The thesis also reviewed some critiques to Esping-Andersen’s typology.  It details the events of the disasters and how the respective governments responded given their social policy approaches.

year: 2012

title: Systematic evidence map of disparities in police outcomes: final report

authors: Tompson, Lisa

subjects: police

abstract: To support the New Zealand Police Understanding Policing Delivery (UPD) project, we were tasked with completing an academic literature review on bias in policing. However, the vastness and complexity of the relevant research, and the short timeframe for completion meant that it was not possible to complete a single literature review that accurately reflected the evidence base; indeed, it would be difficult to do justice to this literature in a single review under any circumstances. Thus, rather than attempting a traditional literature review, we developed an evidence and gap map of the international research on bias in policing. In this report, we present the rationale, methods used, and key features of the studies on the evidence and gap map (referred to as the ‘evidence map’). This evidence map serves several purposes. Its overarching purpose is to be a resource for more targeted work on specific areas of apparent disparity in policing, including areas prioritised by New Zealand Police as part of the UPD project: decisions about stops, charges, and the use of force. Researchers will be able to use the map to easily identify a) the extent of research in the area of interest, and b) the key features of the research that has been conducted in that area, as a basis. The map will guide rapid evidence reviews and future primary research, both of which can be used to design police practice-based interventions to reduce police-generated disparities in New Zealand.

text: Systematic evidence map of disparities in police outcomes: final report To support the New Zealand Police Understanding Policing Delivery (UPD) project, we were tasked with completing an academic literature review on bias in policing. However, the vastness and complexity of the relevant research, and the short timeframe for completion meant that it was not possible to complete a single literature review that accurately reflected the evidence base; indeed, it would be difficult to do justice to this literature in a single review under any circumstances. Thus, rather than attempting a traditional literature review, we developed an evidence and gap map of the international research on bias in policing. In this report, we present the rationale, methods used, and key features of the studies on the evidence and gap map (referred to as the ‘evidence map’). This evidence map serves several purposes. Its overarching purpose is to be a resource for more targeted work on specific areas of apparent disparity in policing, including areas prioritised by New Zealand Police as part of the UPD project: decisions about stops, charges, and the use of force. Researchers will be able to use the map to easily identify a) the extent of research in the area of interest, and b) the key features of the research that has been conducted in that area, as a basis. The map will guide rapid evidence reviews and future primary research, both of which can be used to design police practice-based interventions to reduce police-generated disparities in New Zealand.

year: 2021

title: The Daldy Mcwilliams ‘Outrage’ of 1879

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: In the later 1870s, conflicts developed near Paeroa between a small hapu, Ngati Hako, and other hapu over land sales and surveys. In 1879, after some members of Ngati Koi offered to sell the Pukehanga Block, at Rotokohu, between Paeroa and Te Aroha, to the Crown, surveyors were sent to determine the boundaries despite threats of violence from Ngati Hako. These threats became a reality with shots being fired, wounding a surveyor’s assistant, ‘Daldy’ McWilliams, who survived by playing dead. Despite Pakeha fury about a ‘weak’ response, officials reacted cautiously, fearing to provoke a wider conflict. 
Instead of trying to arrest the two men accused of the attempted murder, which would have been difficult, because Ngati Hako claimed their action was justified the Native Minister encouraged senior Hauraki rangatira to convene a rununga to examine their claim. Ngati Hako said that the block of land was theirs, and as previously other land had been surveyed without their permission they had taken this action. The government was criticized for paying advances on a block that had not been through the land court, and the rununga determined that although Ngati Hako had acted wrongfully, their action could be justified. When Ngati Hako refused to hand over the two accused to the authorities, the rununga claimed not to have the power to hand them over; Ngati Hako then constructed two pa to defend themselves.
Such actions provoked much frustration and criticisms of the government amongst Pakeha, but officials who investigated Ngati Hako’s complaints agreed that they had indeed lost land unjustly. Once the owners of a large domain, they had lost their land to the invading Marutuahu, whose slaves they became. When the two accused were arrested in 1882 one was found not guilty and the other was amnestied after eight months in prison because it was believed that, as rangatira, they probably had not fired the shots but had taken the responsibility for the actions of their hapu. As for McWilliams, he received what he considered inadequate compensation.
This ‘outrage’ was the first and only time in Hauraki that a Maori had shot a Pakeha, and the government’s cautious but firm response meant that the ‘peace of Hauraki’, although disturbed for a while, was maintained.

text: The Daldy Mcwilliams ‘Outrage’ of 1879 In the later 1870s, conflicts developed near Paeroa between a small hapu, Ngati Hako, and other hapu over land sales and surveys. In 1879, after some members of Ngati Koi offered to sell the Pukehanga Block, at Rotokohu, between Paeroa and Te Aroha, to the Crown, surveyors were sent to determine the boundaries despite threats of violence from Ngati Hako. These threats became a reality with shots being fired, wounding a surveyor’s assistant, ‘Daldy’ McWilliams, who survived by playing dead. Despite Pakeha fury about a ‘weak’ response, officials reacted cautiously, fearing to provoke a wider conflict. 
Instead of trying to arrest the two men accused of the attempted murder, which would have been difficult, because Ngati Hako claimed their action was justified the Native Minister encouraged senior Hauraki rangatira to convene a rununga to examine their claim. Ngati Hako said that the block of land was theirs, and as previously other land had been surveyed without their permission they had taken this action. The government was criticized for paying advances on a block that had not been through the land court, and the rununga determined that although Ngati Hako had acted wrongfully, their action could be justified. When Ngati Hako refused to hand over the two accused to the authorities, the rununga claimed not to have the power to hand them over; Ngati Hako then constructed two pa to defend themselves.
Such actions provoked much frustration and criticisms of the government amongst Pakeha, but officials who investigated Ngati Hako’s complaints agreed that they had indeed lost land unjustly. Once the owners of a large domain, they had lost their land to the invading Marutuahu, whose slaves they became. When the two accused were arrested in 1882 one was found not guilty and the other was amnestied after eight months in prison because it was believed that, as rangatira, they probably had not fired the shots but had taken the responsibility for the actions of their hapu. As for McWilliams, he received what he considered inadequate compensation.
This ‘outrage’ was the first and only time in Hauraki that a Maori had shot a Pakeha, and the government’s cautious but firm response meant that the ‘peace of Hauraki’, although disturbed for a while, was maintained.

year: 2016