title: A novel structural rearrangement reaction of dialkylated derivatives of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] involving Pt-C bond formation

authors: Ujam, Oguejiofo Theophilus

abstract: Reaction of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] with the dialkylating agents ClCH ₂ C(O)CH ₂ Cl or ClCH ₂ C(NNHC(O)NH ₂)CH ₂ Cl gives the dicationic di-μ-thiolate complexes [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(O)CH ₂ S)(PPh ₃) ₄] ²⁺ or [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(NNHC(O)NH ₂)CH ₂ S} (PPh ₃) ₄] ²⁺, isolated as BPh ₄ ⁻ salts and characterised by ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Treatment of the complex [Pt 2{μ-SCH 2C(O)CH 2S)(PPh₃) ₄] ²⁺, which contains a [6.6.4] bicyclic system, with hydroxide ions results in deprotonation of a CH 2 group and rearrangement of the resulting monocation, giving [Pt ₂ (μ-SCH ₂ C(O)CHS}(PPh ₃) ₄] ⁺, isolated as its PF ₆ ⁻ salt. An X-ray structure determination shows the complex to have a novel rearranged [6.5.5] bicyclic system containing a Pt-S-Pt-S-C five-membered ring with a Pt-C bond. The alkyl ligand has a high trans-influence, manifest in a long trans Pt-P bond and small 1J(PtP) coupling constant to the trans PPh 3 ligand. Reaction of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative of 1,3-dichloroacetone leads to the closely related complex [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(NNHAr)CHS} (PPh ₃) ₃Cl] [Ar = C ₆H ₃ (NO ₂) ₂] in which a PPh ₃ ligand is substituted by a chloride.

text: A novel structural rearrangement reaction of dialkylated derivatives of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] involving Pt-C bond formation Reaction of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] with the dialkylating agents ClCH ₂ C(O)CH ₂ Cl or ClCH ₂ C(NNHC(O)NH ₂)CH ₂ Cl gives the dicationic di-μ-thiolate complexes [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(O)CH ₂ S)(PPh ₃) ₄] ²⁺ or [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(NNHC(O)NH ₂)CH ₂ S} (PPh ₃) ₄] ²⁺, isolated as BPh ₄ ⁻ salts and characterised by ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Treatment of the complex [Pt 2{μ-SCH 2C(O)CH 2S)(PPh₃) ₄] ²⁺, which contains a [6.6.4] bicyclic system, with hydroxide ions results in deprotonation of a CH 2 group and rearrangement of the resulting monocation, giving [Pt ₂ (μ-SCH ₂ C(O)CHS}(PPh ₃) ₄] ⁺, isolated as its PF ₆ ⁻ salt. An X-ray structure determination shows the complex to have a novel rearranged [6.5.5] bicyclic system containing a Pt-S-Pt-S-C five-membered ring with a Pt-C bond. The alkyl ligand has a high trans-influence, manifest in a long trans Pt-P bond and small 1J(PtP) coupling constant to the trans PPh 3 ligand. Reaction of [Pt ₂ (μ-S) ₂ (PPh ₃) ₄] with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivative of 1,3-dichloroacetone leads to the closely related complex [Pt ₂ {μ-SCH ₂ C(NNHAr)CHS} (PPh ₃) ₃Cl] [Ar = C ₆H ₃ (NO ₂) ₂] in which a PPh ₃ ligand is substituted by a chloride.

year: 2012

title: ‘Framing the project’ of international human rights law: Reflections on the dysfunctional ‘family’ of the Universal Declaration

authors: Grear, Anna

subjects: law

abstract: The task of ‘framing the project’ of international human rights law is daunting to say the least. First, there is the sheer enormity and complexity of the international human rights law ‘project’: adequately mapping the subject and its key related issues is impossible in a whole book, let alone a short chapter. Secondly, it is daunting because of the sense of epistemic responsibility involved. Every framing inevitably involves selection – if not pre-selection – through the conscious (and/or unconscious) placing of focus upon features or factors considered to be significant and/or valuable. As Gitlin puts it, framing is a way of choosing, underlining and presenting ‘what exists, what happens and what matters’. In this sense, the founding document (or as Entman might put it, the inaugural ‘communicating text’) of international human rights law (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR) functions as a particularly potent form of framing, for it selects aspects of perceived reality, making them not just salient but symbolically central to the entire philosophical, moral, juridical order designated by the term ‘international human rights law’.

text: ‘Framing the project’ of international human rights law: Reflections on the dysfunctional ‘family’ of the Universal Declaration The task of ‘framing the project’ of international human rights law is daunting to say the least. First, there is the sheer enormity and complexity of the international human rights law ‘project’: adequately mapping the subject and its key related issues is impossible in a whole book, let alone a short chapter. Secondly, it is daunting because of the sense of epistemic responsibility involved. Every framing inevitably involves selection – if not pre-selection – through the conscious (and/or unconscious) placing of focus upon features or factors considered to be significant and/or valuable. As Gitlin puts it, framing is a way of choosing, underlining and presenting ‘what exists, what happens and what matters’. In this sense, the founding document (or as Entman might put it, the inaugural ‘communicating text’) of international human rights law (the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, UDHR) functions as a particularly potent form of framing, for it selects aspects of perceived reality, making them not just salient but symbolically central to the entire philosophical, moral, juridical order designated by the term ‘international human rights law’.

year: 2012

title: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life

authors: Cartney, Ann M. Mc

abstract: The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

text: Balancing openness with Indigenous data sovereignty: An opportunity to leave no one behind in the journey to sequence all of life The field of genomics has benefited greatly from its "openness" approach to data sharing. However, with the increasing volume of sequence information being created and stored and the growing number of international genomics efforts, the equity of openness is under question. The United Nations Convention of Biodiversity aims to develop and adopt a standard policy on access and benefit-sharing for sequence information across signatory parties. This standardization will have profound implications on genomics research, requiring a new definition of open data sharing. The redefinition of openness is not unwarranted, as its limitations have unintentionally introduced barriers of engagement to some, including Indigenous Peoples. This commentary provides an insight into the key challenges of openness faced by the researchers who aspire to protect and conserve global biodiversity, including Indigenous flora and fauna, and presents immediate, practical solutions that, if implemented, will equip the genomics community with both the diversity and inclusivity required to respectfully protect global biodiversity.

year: 2022