title: Theoretical study of electronic absorption spectra and photodissociation dynamics of atmospherically relevant molecules

authors: Farahani, Sara

subjects: spectra simulation

abstract: The absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric species and the corresponding photoinduced processes, define the chemistry of a planet's atmosphere. While many of these photoinduced processes and their effects are well- known, even in Earth's atmosphere there are gaps in our understanding. The focus of this thesis is the theoretical study of the absorption of sunlight by some important atmospheric species where no or minimal experimental results are available. We simulate electronic absorption spectra of atmospherically relevant sulfur-containing molecules, including sulfuric acid, which is present in Earths' atmosphere and OSSO, which was recently identified in the atmosphere of Venus. We also simulate electronic absorption spectra for a series of N₂O complexes thought to be present in Earth's atmosphere, namely Ar-N₂O, N₂O-N₂, O₂-N₂O and H₂O-N₂O. We consider how complexation affects the absorption cross section of N₂O monomer in these complexes and also undertake photodissociation dynamics simulations for the H₂O-N₂O complex. Where possible, we compare and validate our theoretical results with experiment, and in the absence of experimental data, we suggest that our results may be of use to the atmospheric modeling community.

text: Theoretical study of electronic absorption spectra and photodissociation dynamics of atmospherically relevant molecules The absorption of solar radiation by atmospheric species and the corresponding photoinduced processes, define the chemistry of a planet's atmosphere. While many of these photoinduced processes and their effects are well- known, even in Earth's atmosphere there are gaps in our understanding. The focus of this thesis is the theoretical study of the absorption of sunlight by some important atmospheric species where no or minimal experimental results are available. We simulate electronic absorption spectra of atmospherically relevant sulfur-containing molecules, including sulfuric acid, which is present in Earths' atmosphere and OSSO, which was recently identified in the atmosphere of Venus. We also simulate electronic absorption spectra for a series of N₂O complexes thought to be present in Earth's atmosphere, namely Ar-N₂O, N₂O-N₂, O₂-N₂O and H₂O-N₂O. We consider how complexation affects the absorption cross section of N₂O monomer in these complexes and also undertake photodissociation dynamics simulations for the H₂O-N₂O complex. Where possible, we compare and validate our theoretical results with experiment, and in the absence of experimental data, we suggest that our results may be of use to the atmospheric modeling community.

year: 2019

title: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs

authors: Alshawaf, Arafat

subjects: Social Networking Technologies

abstract: Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

text: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

year: 2020

title: Legal responses to mental health: Is therapeutic jurisprudence the answer – the experience in New Zealand

authors: Toki, Valmaine

abstract: The orthodox understanding of ‘ethics’ encompasses a system of moral principles that define good and bad behavior. When applied to mental health, various jurisdictions, including New Zealand, have codified these principles together with the obligations on health service providers to meet these codified principles and standards. Underpinning this relationship is one of mutual trust where the physician has a responsibility, for example, to secure informed consent prior to any treatment. The existence of this therapeutic relationship can be applied when an offender who presents with a mental illness is subject to the criminal justice system.

text: Legal responses to mental health: Is therapeutic jurisprudence the answer – the experience in New Zealand The orthodox understanding of ‘ethics’ encompasses a system of moral principles that define good and bad behavior. When applied to mental health, various jurisdictions, including New Zealand, have codified these principles together with the obligations on health service providers to meet these codified principles and standards. Underpinning this relationship is one of mutual trust where the physician has a responsibility, for example, to secure informed consent prior to any treatment. The existence of this therapeutic relationship can be applied when an offender who presents with a mental illness is subject to the criminal justice system.

year: 2017