title: Simulation with real world network stacks

authors: Jansen, Sam

subjects: computer science

abstract: Network simulation is used widely in network research to test new protocols, modifications to existing protocols and new ideas. The tool used in many cases is ns-2. The nature of the ns-2 protocols means that they are often based on theoretical models that might not behave in the same way as real networks. This paper presents the Network Simulation Cradle which allows real world network stacks to be used in a wrapper that allows the stacks protocols to be used in the ns-2 network simulator. The network stacks from the open source operating systems Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD are included in the simulation cradle as well as a stack designed for embedded systems, lwIP. Our results show that ns-2's TCP implementations do not match observed behaviour from real machines in some respects and using the Network Simulation Cradle produces results closer to real world network stacks.

text: Simulation with real world network stacks Network simulation is used widely in network research to test new protocols, modifications to existing protocols and new ideas. The tool used in many cases is ns-2. The nature of the ns-2 protocols means that they are often based on theoretical models that might not behave in the same way as real networks. This paper presents the Network Simulation Cradle which allows real world network stacks to be used in a wrapper that allows the stacks protocols to be used in the ns-2 network simulator. The network stacks from the open source operating systems Linux, FreeBSD and OpenBSD are included in the simulation cradle as well as a stack designed for embedded systems, lwIP. Our results show that ns-2's TCP implementations do not match observed behaviour from real machines in some respects and using the Network Simulation Cradle produces results closer to real world network stacks.

year: 2005

title: Vietnamese teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching English as a foreign language

authors: Phan, Nga Thi Tuyet

subjects: Culture

abstract: Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of culture on the sense of self-efficacy in teaching English as a Foreign Language of a group of university teachers in Vietnam. Research exploring the relationship between culture and self-efficacy is extremely rare despite the acknowledged importance of culture in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study took the form of qualitative research with diverse, data collection instruments: individual interviews, focus group discussions, observations and journaling.

Findings
Findings indicate that certain features of the Vietnamese cultural context impacted on the way the study teachers constructed their sense of self-efficacy. Specifically, under the influence of a Vietnamese sense of belonging, the study teachers tended to rely more on efficacy-building information from other people rather than from themselves. The perception of inequality in power may have heightened negative emotional arousal, thus contributing to a negative sense of self-efficacy among the teachers. The Vietnamese concept of face and the high status of teachers in the social hierarchy in part mediated teachers’ sense of self-efficacy.

Social implications
The perceived burden of performing both parenting and teaching roles and responsibilities may have diminished the self-efficacy in teaching of female teachers.
Originality/value
The contribution and implications of the study are discussed.

text: Vietnamese teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching English as a foreign language Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of culture on the sense of self-efficacy in teaching English as a Foreign Language of a group of university teachers in Vietnam. Research exploring the relationship between culture and self-efficacy is extremely rare despite the acknowledged importance of culture in the formation of self-efficacy beliefs.

Design/methodology/approach
This study took the form of qualitative research with diverse, data collection instruments: individual interviews, focus group discussions, observations and journaling.

Findings
Findings indicate that certain features of the Vietnamese cultural context impacted on the way the study teachers constructed their sense of self-efficacy. Specifically, under the influence of a Vietnamese sense of belonging, the study teachers tended to rely more on efficacy-building information from other people rather than from themselves. The perception of inequality in power may have heightened negative emotional arousal, thus contributing to a negative sense of self-efficacy among the teachers. The Vietnamese concept of face and the high status of teachers in the social hierarchy in part mediated teachers’ sense of self-efficacy.

Social implications
The perceived burden of performing both parenting and teaching roles and responsibilities may have diminished the self-efficacy in teaching of female teachers.
Originality/value
The contribution and implications of the study are discussed.

year: 2016

title: Initial report of the 2018 Census external data quality panel

authors: Bedford, Richard

abstract: One in six New Zealand residents did not complete a questionnaire for the 2018 New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings. This was largely due to operational failures that made it difficult for a significant number of individuals and households to access census questionnaires, and to fulfill their statutory duty to participate.

text: Initial report of the 2018 Census external data quality panel One in six New Zealand residents did not complete a questionnaire for the 2018 New Zealand Census of Population and Dwellings. This was largely due to operational failures that made it difficult for a significant number of individuals and households to access census questionnaires, and to fulfill their statutory duty to participate.

year: 2019