title: Future research

authors: Holm, Nils G.

subjects: natural system

abstract: What field studies need to be carried out in order to test the hydrotherrnal model for the origin of life? This question was already raised in 1989 by the workshop in Prague on 'Chemical Evolution and Neo-Abiogenesis in Marine Hydrothermal Systems' (Holm, 1990). The full range and diversity of hydrothermal environments can only be revealed if more exploration work is carried out on a world-wide basis. Much progress has been made in understanding the controls on the hydrothermal fluids of individual areas, but extension to a global context remains difficult (cf. Von Datum, 1990). In Chapter 2 off-axis hydrothermal systems are discussed, pointing out that only minor surveys have been directed towards this type of hydrothermal activity, even though the amount of water which circulates through off-axis systems is estimated to exceed that of on-axis systems by a factor of between 20 and 25.

text: Future research What field studies need to be carried out in order to test the hydrotherrnal model for the origin of life? This question was already raised in 1989 by the workshop in Prague on 'Chemical Evolution and Neo-Abiogenesis in Marine Hydrothermal Systems' (Holm, 1990). The full range and diversity of hydrothermal environments can only be revealed if more exploration work is carried out on a world-wide basis. Much progress has been made in understanding the controls on the hydrothermal fluids of individual areas, but extension to a global context remains difficult (cf. Von Datum, 1990). In Chapter 2 off-axis hydrothermal systems are discussed, pointing out that only minor surveys have been directed towards this type of hydrothermal activity, even though the amount of water which circulates through off-axis systems is estimated to exceed that of on-axis systems by a factor of between 20 and 25.

year: 1992

title: LakeAnalyzer: Lake internal dynamics analysis software – fact sheet

authors: Muraoka, Kohji

abstract: LakeAnalyzer is a computer program used to calculate indices of mixing and stratification, which are critical to understanding biogeochemical cycles of lakes and reservoirs. Lake physical stability indices, surface mixing depth and thermocline depth are calculated according to established literature definitions and returned to the user in a time-series format. 
LakeAnalyzer was developed to analyse high-frequency data collected from instrumented lake buoys (Figure 1). It provides a way to compare mixing and stratification indices in lakes across gradients of climate, hydrophysiography, and time, and provides a basis for understanding of the resulting biogeochemical transformations at different spatial and temporal scales.

text: LakeAnalyzer: Lake internal dynamics analysis software – fact sheet LakeAnalyzer is a computer program used to calculate indices of mixing and stratification, which are critical to understanding biogeochemical cycles of lakes and reservoirs. Lake physical stability indices, surface mixing depth and thermocline depth are calculated according to established literature definitions and returned to the user in a time-series format. 
LakeAnalyzer was developed to analyse high-frequency data collected from instrumented lake buoys (Figure 1). It provides a way to compare mixing and stratification indices in lakes across gradients of climate, hydrophysiography, and time, and provides a basis for understanding of the resulting biogeochemical transformations at different spatial and temporal scales.

year: 2015

title: Polynesian settlement of New Zealand and the impacts of volcanism on early Maori society: An update

authors: Lowe, David J.

subjects: Polynesian settlement

abstract: Presents an overview of the timing of Polynesian settlement in New Zealand, discussing the application of tephrochronology and rat and avian bone dating to the problem. The impacts of volcanism on early Maori society are examined, including the catastrophic impacts of the Tarawera eruption of 1886.

text: Polynesian settlement of New Zealand and the impacts of volcanism on early Maori society: An update Presents an overview of the timing of Polynesian settlement in New Zealand, discussing the application of tephrochronology and rat and avian bone dating to the problem. The impacts of volcanism on early Maori society are examined, including the catastrophic impacts of the Tarawera eruption of 1886.

year: 2008