title: Flow clustering using machine learning techniques

authors: McGregor, Anthony James

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Packet header traces are widely used in network analysis. Header traces are the aggregate of traffic from many concurrent applications. We present a methodology, based on machine learning, that can break the trace down into clusters of traffic where each cluster has different traffic characteristics. Typical clusters include bulk transfer, single and multiple transactions and interactive traffic, amongst others. The paper includes a description of the methodology, a visualisation of the attribute statistics that aids in recognising cluster types and a discussion of the stability and effectiveness of the methodology.

text: Flow clustering using machine learning techniques Packet header traces are widely used in network analysis. Header traces are the aggregate of traffic from many concurrent applications. We present a methodology, based on machine learning, that can break the trace down into clusters of traffic where each cluster has different traffic characteristics. Typical clusters include bulk transfer, single and multiple transactions and interactive traffic, amongst others. The paper includes a description of the methodology, a visualisation of the attribute statistics that aids in recognising cluster types and a discussion of the stability and effectiveness of the methodology.

year: 2004

title: Validity, reliability, and normative data on calf muscle function in rugby union players from the Calf Raise application

authors: Hébert-Losier, Kim

subjects: biomechanics

abstract: We examined the validity and reliability of biomechanical outcomes extracted using the Calf Raise application of three calf muscle tests. We then established normative calf muscle function values for male rugby union players accounting for rugby-related factors (position, level) alone and together with clinical factors (age, leg dominance, BMI, previous injury). In total, 120 athletes performed three single-leg calf muscle tests. Twenty athletes participated in application validation; 18 in test–retest reliability; and all in establishing normative equations. Validity of application outcomes against 3D motion and force plate data was good-to-excellent (CV ≤ 6.6%, ICC ≥0.84). Test–retest reliability was good across outcomes following familiarisation (CV < 10%, ICC ≥0.83). Forwards produced superior power than backs during the bodyweight (59 W, p = 0.007) and weighted (73 W, p < 0.001) power tests. Playing level influenced power outcomes (p < 0.009). Super Rugby players were more powerful than Club (both power tests), Provincial (both power tests), and International (bodyweight power). Backs completed more repetitions (3 repetitions, p = 0.001) and positive displacement (30 cm, p = 0.001) than forwards during endurance testing. When accounting for clinical factors; BMI, age, and previous injury explained some of the differences observed between positions and levels. This study provides initial benchmark values of calf muscle function in rugby union.

text: Validity, reliability, and normative data on calf muscle function in rugby union players from the Calf Raise application We examined the validity and reliability of biomechanical outcomes extracted using the Calf Raise application of three calf muscle tests. We then established normative calf muscle function values for male rugby union players accounting for rugby-related factors (position, level) alone and together with clinical factors (age, leg dominance, BMI, previous injury). In total, 120 athletes performed three single-leg calf muscle tests. Twenty athletes participated in application validation; 18 in test–retest reliability; and all in establishing normative equations. Validity of application outcomes against 3D motion and force plate data was good-to-excellent (CV ≤ 6.6%, ICC ≥0.84). Test–retest reliability was good across outcomes following familiarisation (CV < 10%, ICC ≥0.83). Forwards produced superior power than backs during the bodyweight (59 W, p = 0.007) and weighted (73 W, p < 0.001) power tests. Playing level influenced power outcomes (p < 0.009). Super Rugby players were more powerful than Club (both power tests), Provincial (both power tests), and International (bodyweight power). Backs completed more repetitions (3 repetitions, p = 0.001) and positive displacement (30 cm, p = 0.001) than forwards during endurance testing. When accounting for clinical factors; BMI, age, and previous injury explained some of the differences observed between positions and levels. This study provides initial benchmark values of calf muscle function in rugby union.

year: 2022

title: Putting the draft learning progression framework - Maori in the New Zealand Curriculum - to work: An Illustration

authors: Johnson, Diane

subjects: Māori language education

abstract: How language curricula are implemented in the classroom is of critical importance. Here, we take one achievement objective from the draft Learning Progression Framework for Māori in mainstream classes and demonstrate one way in which it can be realised as a core integrated skills lesson, that is, as a lesson that introduces new language (core lesson) through all four skills - reading, writing, listening and speaking (an integrated skills lesson). The lesson is preceded by a discussion of the type of planning that accompanies the implementation of language curricula.

text: Putting the draft learning progression framework - Maori in the New Zealand Curriculum - to work: An Illustration How language curricula are implemented in the classroom is of critical importance. Here, we take one achievement objective from the draft Learning Progression Framework for Māori in mainstream classes and demonstrate one way in which it can be realised as a core integrated skills lesson, that is, as a lesson that introduces new language (core lesson) through all four skills - reading, writing, listening and speaking (an integrated skills lesson). The lesson is preceded by a discussion of the type of planning that accompanies the implementation of language curricula.

year: 2003-09