title: Initial teacher education and the development of teacher identity

authors: Cobb, Donella J.

subjects: Associate teacher

abstract: Teacher identity is recognized as an important factor in teacher quality. Research indicates that teacher identity influences teachers’ resilience, efficacy, motivation, commitment, and job satisfaction (Day 2018). However, widespread interest in the field of teacher identity has also revealed the importance of developing teacher identity prior to entry into the teaching profession. Pre-service teachers who develop teacher identity during their teacher preparation program actively strengthen their pedagogical content knowledge, develop an early understanding of the teachers roles and responsibilities, build positive relationships with students and colleagues, and are motivated to enhance their teaching practice (Cobb et al. 2018; Harlow and Cobb 2014). Furthermore, teacher identity is also believed to be a key factor in supporting pre-service teachers’ transition into the teaching profession. Given these benefits, the past decade has seen an explosion of interest in understanding identity development, particularly in pre-service teachers. This entry explores how teacher identity is developed in pre-service teachers and considers the role that Initial Teacher Education (ITE) plays in supporting this identity development.

text: Initial teacher education and the development of teacher identity Teacher identity is recognized as an important factor in teacher quality. Research indicates that teacher identity influences teachers’ resilience, efficacy, motivation, commitment, and job satisfaction (Day 2018). However, widespread interest in the field of teacher identity has also revealed the importance of developing teacher identity prior to entry into the teaching profession. Pre-service teachers who develop teacher identity during their teacher preparation program actively strengthen their pedagogical content knowledge, develop an early understanding of the teachers roles and responsibilities, build positive relationships with students and colleagues, and are motivated to enhance their teaching practice (Cobb et al. 2018; Harlow and Cobb 2014). Furthermore, teacher identity is also believed to be a key factor in supporting pre-service teachers’ transition into the teaching profession. Given these benefits, the past decade has seen an explosion of interest in understanding identity development, particularly in pre-service teachers. This entry explores how teacher identity is developed in pre-service teachers and considers the role that Initial Teacher Education (ITE) plays in supporting this identity development.

year: 2020

title: Assessing effects of changes to nutrient loads on Lake Tarawera water quality: Model simulations for 2010 to 2020

authors: Abell, Jonathan Michael

abstract: Lake Tarawera is a nationally significant lake that is highly valued by tangata whenua, local residents and the regional community. Monitoring shows that lake water quality does not presently meet the target, based on a Trophic Level Index (TLI) value of 2.6 identified in the Tarawera Lakes Restoration Plan1. Between 2010 and 2020 annual observed TLI was frequently as high as 2.9. Managing nutrient loads to the lake is necessary to achieve desired lake water quality and interim nutrient reduction targets have been established. An objective of this study was to evaluate these targets by improving estimates of ‘sustainable nutrient loads’, which are the external loads of nitrogen and phosphorus that would result in meeting the TLI target.

text: Assessing effects of changes to nutrient loads on Lake Tarawera water quality: Model simulations for 2010 to 2020 Lake Tarawera is a nationally significant lake that is highly valued by tangata whenua, local residents and the regional community. Monitoring shows that lake water quality does not presently meet the target, based on a Trophic Level Index (TLI) value of 2.6 identified in the Tarawera Lakes Restoration Plan1. Between 2010 and 2020 annual observed TLI was frequently as high as 2.9. Managing nutrient loads to the lake is necessary to achieve desired lake water quality and interim nutrient reduction targets have been established. An objective of this study was to evaluate these targets by improving estimates of ‘sustainable nutrient loads’, which are the external loads of nitrogen and phosphorus that would result in meeting the TLI target.

year: 2020-12

title: Te ao hurihuri : iwi identification in the census

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: As the flagship of official statistics, the national population census is an important forum for the recognition of indigenous peoples in their homelands and territories (United Nations, 2008). While most governments worldwide count and classify their populations by ethnicity, New Zealand is rare in enabling multiple expressions of indigenous identity in the census. Since 1991, it has been possible to identify as Māori in three ways: by descent, ethnicity and iwi (tribal) affiliation (see Figure 1). The Māori descent population is the largest— in 2013, just under 669,000 individuals ticked the Māori descent box. The number identifying as Māori by ethnicity - intended as a measure of cultural belonging - was substantially lower at just under 600,000. Most of the remaining 69,000 Māori descendants identified solely as NZ European. In 2013 nearly 83 per cent of Māori descendants (n=535,941) reported belonging to at least one iwi. Of those that did not report an iwi affiliation, 40 per cent did not identify as Māori by ethnicity either.

text: Te ao hurihuri : iwi identification in the census As the flagship of official statistics, the national population census is an important forum for the recognition of indigenous peoples in their homelands and territories (United Nations, 2008). While most governments worldwide count and classify their populations by ethnicity, New Zealand is rare in enabling multiple expressions of indigenous identity in the census. Since 1991, it has been possible to identify as Māori in three ways: by descent, ethnicity and iwi (tribal) affiliation (see Figure 1). The Māori descent population is the largest— in 2013, just under 669,000 individuals ticked the Māori descent box. The number identifying as Māori by ethnicity - intended as a measure of cultural belonging - was substantially lower at just under 600,000. Most of the remaining 69,000 Māori descendants identified solely as NZ European. In 2013 nearly 83 per cent of Māori descendants (n=535,941) reported belonging to at least one iwi. Of those that did not report an iwi affiliation, 40 per cent did not identify as Māori by ethnicity either.

year: 2015