title: Domain-independent automatic keyphrase indexing with small training sets

authors: Medelyan, Olena

subjects: computer science

abstract: Keyphrases are widely used in both physical and digital libraries as a brief, but precise, summary of documents. They help organize material based on content, provide thematic access, represent search results, and assist with navigation. Manual assignment is expensive because trained human indexers must reach an understanding of the document and select appropriate descriptors according to defined cataloging rules. We propose a new method that enhances automatic keyphrase extraction by using semantic information about terms and phrases gleaned from a domain-specific thesaurus. The key advantage of the new approach is that it performs well with very little training data. We evaluate it on a large set of manually indexed documents in the domain of agriculture, compare its consistency with a group of six professional indexers, and explore its performance on smaller collections of documents in other domains and of French and Spanish documents.

text: Domain-independent automatic keyphrase indexing with small training sets Keyphrases are widely used in both physical and digital libraries as a brief, but precise, summary of documents. They help organize material based on content, provide thematic access, represent search results, and assist with navigation. Manual assignment is expensive because trained human indexers must reach an understanding of the document and select appropriate descriptors according to defined cataloging rules. We propose a new method that enhances automatic keyphrase extraction by using semantic information about terms and phrases gleaned from a domain-specific thesaurus. The key advantage of the new approach is that it performs well with very little training data. We evaluate it on a large set of manually indexed documents in the domain of agriculture, compare its consistency with a group of six professional indexers, and explore its performance on smaller collections of documents in other domains and of French and Spanish documents.

year: 2008-03

title: The transnational state, neoliberalism and environmental education policy: A New Zealand case study

authors: Tulloch, Lynley

subjects: neoliberalism

abstract: The neoliberalisation of environmental policy (including environmental education) is complex and multifaceted and one in which the transnational state (TNS) is central. In order to address this claim, the first part of this paper explains the transnational state and in particular the role of the UN in redefining sustainable development and environmental education. I show how underpinning this process is the nation states ‘transmission belt’ function in which global policy directives are transmitted to the local level. This is achieved through a discussion of the dissemination of neoliberalised sustainable development policy in New Zealand policy contexts. I demonstrate this process by identifying policy formation located at different points in this process, and then via an analysis of its specific form in the context of EE in New Zealand educational settings. The paper then considers the neoliberal substance of this sustainable development led EE discourse in New Zealand which is linked both with its anthropocentric orientation, and its ‘problem solving’, soft-green managerialist/technological approach to the environment.

text: The transnational state, neoliberalism and environmental education policy: A New Zealand case study The neoliberalisation of environmental policy (including environmental education) is complex and multifaceted and one in which the transnational state (TNS) is central. In order to address this claim, the first part of this paper explains the transnational state and in particular the role of the UN in redefining sustainable development and environmental education. I show how underpinning this process is the nation states ‘transmission belt’ function in which global policy directives are transmitted to the local level. This is achieved through a discussion of the dissemination of neoliberalised sustainable development policy in New Zealand policy contexts. I demonstrate this process by identifying policy formation located at different points in this process, and then via an analysis of its specific form in the context of EE in New Zealand educational settings. The paper then considers the neoliberal substance of this sustainable development led EE discourse in New Zealand which is linked both with its anthropocentric orientation, and its ‘problem solving’, soft-green managerialist/technological approach to the environment.

year: 2016

title: Historical translocations by Maori may explain the distribution and genetic structure of a threatened surf clam in Aotearoa (New Zealand)

authors: Ross, Philip M.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The population genetic structure of toheroa (Paphies ventricosa), an Aotearoa (New Zealand) endemic surf clam, was assessed to determine levels of inter-population connectivity and test hypotheses regarding life history, habitat distribution and connectivity in coastal vs. estuarine taxa. Ninety-eight toheroa from populations across the length of New Zealand were sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene with analyses suggesting a population genetic structure unique among New Zealand marine invertebrates. Toheroa genetic diversity was high in Te Ika-a Māui (the North Island of New Zealand) but completely lacking in the south of Te Waipounamu (the South Island), an indication of recent isolation. Changes in habitat availability, long distance dispersal events or translocation of toheroa to southern New Zealand by Māori could explain the observed geographic distribution of toheroa and their genetic diversity. Given that early-Māori and their ancestors, were adept at food cultivation and relocation, the toheroa translocation hypothesis is plausible and may explain the disjointed modern distribution of this species. Translocation would also explain the limited success in restoring what may in some cases be ecologically isolated populations located outside their natural distributions and preferred niches.

text: Historical translocations by Maori may explain the distribution and genetic structure of a threatened surf clam in Aotearoa (New Zealand) The population genetic structure of toheroa (Paphies ventricosa), an Aotearoa (New Zealand) endemic surf clam, was assessed to determine levels of inter-population connectivity and test hypotheses regarding life history, habitat distribution and connectivity in coastal vs. estuarine taxa. Ninety-eight toheroa from populations across the length of New Zealand were sequenced for the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene with analyses suggesting a population genetic structure unique among New Zealand marine invertebrates. Toheroa genetic diversity was high in Te Ika-a Māui (the North Island of New Zealand) but completely lacking in the south of Te Waipounamu (the South Island), an indication of recent isolation. Changes in habitat availability, long distance dispersal events or translocation of toheroa to southern New Zealand by Māori could explain the observed geographic distribution of toheroa and their genetic diversity. Given that early-Māori and their ancestors, were adept at food cultivation and relocation, the toheroa translocation hypothesis is plausible and may explain the disjointed modern distribution of this species. Translocation would also explain the limited success in restoring what may in some cases be ecologically isolated populations located outside their natural distributions and preferred niches.

year: 2018