title: Contextual queries express mobile information needs

authors: Hinze, Annika

subjects: diary study

abstract: The users of mobile devices increasingly use networked services to address their information needs. Questions asked by mobile users are strongly influenced by contextual factors such as location, conversation and activity. We report on a diary study performed to better understand mobile information needs. We find that the type of questions recorded by participants varies across their locations, with differences between home, shopping and in-car contexts. These variations occur both in the query terms and in the form of desired answers. Both the location of queries and the participants' activities affected participants' questions. When information needs were affected by both location and activity, they tended to be strongly affected by both factors. The overall picture that emerges is one of multiple contextual influences interacting to shape mobile information needs. Mobile devices that attempt to adapt to users' context will need to account for a rich variety of situational factors.

text: Contextual queries express mobile information needs The users of mobile devices increasingly use networked services to address their information needs. Questions asked by mobile users are strongly influenced by contextual factors such as location, conversation and activity. We report on a diary study performed to better understand mobile information needs. We find that the type of questions recorded by participants varies across their locations, with differences between home, shopping and in-car contexts. These variations occur both in the query terms and in the form of desired answers. Both the location of queries and the participants' activities affected participants' questions. When information needs were affected by both location and activity, they tended to be strongly affected by both factors. The overall picture that emerges is one of multiple contextual influences interacting to shape mobile information needs. Mobile devices that attempt to adapt to users' context will need to account for a rich variety of situational factors.

year: 2010

title: A comparison of ruthenium-catalysed arene hydrogenation reactions in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids

authors: Dyson, Paul J.

subjects: arenes

abstract: The hydrogenation of benzene and other arene substrates under biphasic conditions is evaluated using the catalyst precursor Ru(n₆-C₁₀H₁₄)(pta)Cl₂(pta=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) immobilised in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids. The effect that contamination of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids with chloride has on the hydrogenation reaction has also been examined. Of the immobilisation solvents tested the optimum solvent was found to be chloride-free 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Catalytic turnovers in this solvent are highest, and in general, turnovers for the hydrogenation reactions follow the trend: chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate > water > chloridecontaminated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

text: A comparison of ruthenium-catalysed arene hydrogenation reactions in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids The hydrogenation of benzene and other arene substrates under biphasic conditions is evaluated using the catalyst precursor Ru(n₆-C₁₀H₁₄)(pta)Cl₂(pta=1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) immobilised in water and 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium
tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids. The effect that contamination of the 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids with chloride has on the hydrogenation reaction has also been examined. Of the immobilisation solvents tested the optimum solvent was found to be chloride-free 1- butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. Catalytic turnovers in this solvent are highest, and in general, turnovers for the hydrogenation reactions follow the trend: chloride-free 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate > water > chloridecontaminated 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

year: 2003

title: A Journey Beyond the Bars: Participants' Experiences of Psychological Treatment in a Prison Setting

authors: Terrill, Damian James

subjects: Prison

abstract: This study explored the experiences of high-risk male offenders at varying stages of a prison-based residential rehabilitation programme. Information was elicited by means of 1:1 semi-structured interviews with three adult offenders: one programme completer, one approaching completion and one non-completer. The opinions of three members of unit staff (two programme facilitators and one custodial officer) were also included. Having identified a lack of process-focused qualitative research in the criminological literature, this thesis has attempted to provide an insight into the lived experiences of offenders undergoing a residential rehabilitative intervention. The results are presented through a combined postmodernist, social constructionist discourse. They identify a series of coherent themes which emphasise the importance of numerous contextual, linguistic and communicative variables in dictating the participants’ self-perspectives and engagement with treatment. I will examine in particular, the role of motivation, the importance of the therapeutic bond established between participants and therapists, the relevance of the therapeutic environment, and the impact of both bi-cultural therapy and notions of individual stigmatisation. The overall findings are related to the broader penological literature in order to inspire further experiential analyses of offenders undergoing treatment, and to offer points for consideration in the application of prison-based rehabilitative interventions.

text: A Journey Beyond the Bars: Participants' Experiences of Psychological Treatment in a Prison Setting This study explored the experiences of high-risk male offenders at varying stages of a prison-based residential rehabilitation programme. Information was elicited by means of 1:1 semi-structured interviews with three adult offenders: one programme completer, one approaching completion and one non-completer. The opinions of three members of unit staff (two programme facilitators and one custodial officer) were also included. Having identified a lack of process-focused qualitative research in the criminological literature, this thesis has attempted to provide an insight into the lived experiences of offenders undergoing a residential rehabilitative intervention. The results are presented through a combined postmodernist, social constructionist discourse. They identify a series of coherent themes which emphasise the importance of numerous contextual, linguistic and communicative variables in dictating the participants’ self-perspectives and engagement with treatment. I will examine in particular, the role of motivation, the importance of the therapeutic bond established between participants and therapists, the relevance of the therapeutic environment, and the impact of both bi-cultural therapy and notions of individual stigmatisation. The overall findings are related to the broader penological literature in order to inspire further experiential analyses of offenders undergoing treatment, and to offer points for consideration in the application of prison-based rehabilitative interventions.

year: 2010