title: Extended kinship among urban Samoan migrants: Towards an explanation of its persistence in urban New Zealand

authors: Macpherson, C.

abstract: This thesis examines the structure and composition of extended kin groups among Western Samoan migrants in New Zealand, and comments on their role and significance in migrant social organisation.

Certain factors which could explain the continued significance of these groupings are identified and examined. The factors identified suggest that individuals continue to accept the rights and obligations associated with membership of an extended kin group partly because they believe that it is in their interests to do so and partly because they have little option.

The material is placed within the context of the current debate on the relationship between economic organisation and associated kinship structures. The thesis concludes that Western Samoan migrants have retained an extended kin group which closely resembles the modified extended family reported in the family literature, and that under certain conditions extended kin groups may emerge, or persist, in urban industrial societies.

text: Extended kinship among urban Samoan migrants: Towards an explanation of its persistence in urban New Zealand This thesis examines the structure and composition of extended kin groups among Western Samoan migrants in New Zealand, and comments on their role and significance in migrant social organisation.

Certain factors which could explain the continued significance of these groupings are identified and examined. The factors identified suggest that individuals continue to accept the rights and obligations associated with membership of an extended kin group partly because they believe that it is in their interests to do so and partly because they have little option.

The material is placed within the context of the current debate on the relationship between economic organisation and associated kinship structures. The thesis concludes that Western Samoan migrants have retained an extended kin group which closely resembles the modified extended family reported in the family literature, and that under certain conditions extended kin groups may emerge, or persist, in urban industrial societies.

year: 1975

title: Modelling of restoration scenarios for Lake Ngaroto

authors: Paul, Wendy J.

abstract: Waipa District Council is investigating restoration options for Lake Ngaroto, a shallow lake that has become hypertrophic through high external (catchment) nutrient loading from its catchment, which is associated with land use that is predominantly dairy farming. Shallow lakes like Lake Ngaroto, which have high external loading, typically have high internal nutrient loading, which may also need to be addressed to gain immediate improvements in water quality. By contrast, reduction of external nutrients is more likely to be associated with gradual and long-lasting effects on water quality.

This report is a culmination of data collection and analysis, and model development and simulation of restoration scenarios for Lake Ngaroto. Data were gathered on flow, nutrient concentrations,  temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended sediments, meteorological variables and the lake morphology for the lake and its catchment. These data were used to produce a water balance and input files for DYRESM-CAEDYM, a one dimensional, coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model. Once calibrated, using the measured lake data (ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl a), suspended solids (SS), temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO)) as a means of comparison for modelled data, a number of scenarios were carried out to simulate outcomes of lake restoration measures.

text: Modelling of restoration scenarios for Lake Ngaroto Waipa District Council is investigating restoration options for Lake Ngaroto, a shallow lake that has become hypertrophic through high external (catchment) nutrient loading from its catchment, which is associated with land use that is predominantly dairy farming. Shallow lakes like Lake Ngaroto, which have high external loading, typically have high internal nutrient loading, which may also need to be addressed to gain immediate improvements in water quality. By contrast, reduction of external nutrients is more likely to be associated with gradual and long-lasting effects on water quality.

This report is a culmination of data collection and analysis, and model development and simulation of restoration scenarios for Lake Ngaroto. Data were gathered on flow, nutrient concentrations,  temperature, dissolved oxygen, suspended sediments, meteorological variables and the lake morphology for the lake and its catchment. These data were used to produce a water balance and input files for DYRESM-CAEDYM, a one dimensional, coupled hydrodynamic-water quality model. Once calibrated, using the measured lake data (ammonium (NH4-N), nitrate (NO3-N), phosphate (PO4-P), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), chlorophyll a (Chl a), suspended solids (SS), temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO)) as a means of comparison for modelled data, a number of scenarios were carried out to simulate outcomes of lake restoration measures.

year: 2008-08

title: Unorthodox assistance: Novalis, Māori, scientism, and an uncertain approach to 'Whakapapa'

authors: Mika, Carl Te Hira

abstract: The reductionism of Western science is well noted among several Maori academics, who describe in various ways its methodical tendency to dissemble an organism and isolate its parts. The reductionist nature of the method of science then informs the practice, so that the manifestations of science - its latest innovations, evidenced in biotechnology, cloning, stem cell therapy and so on - become an overriding concern for these academics. Rightly, the effects of those innovations on Maori spiritual and phYSical realms are addressed, to the extent that they may constitute extensive submissions to governmental bodies. How effective these submissions are is open to considerable speculation, particularly when it is acknowledged by many of these same writers that those ministerial and judicial bodies are incapable of understanding the dilemmas posed by the effects of reductionist scientific practice on the Maori world. The Maori world, in the main, is left to wait until it is confronted with yet another scientific advancement or technology, and the rush to counter its modus operandi begins again.

text: Unorthodox assistance: Novalis, Māori, scientism, and an uncertain approach to 'Whakapapa' The reductionism of Western science is well noted among several Maori academics, who describe in various ways its methodical tendency to dissemble an organism and isolate its parts. The reductionist nature of the method of science then informs the practice, so that the manifestations of science - its latest innovations, evidenced in biotechnology, cloning, stem cell therapy and so on - become an overriding concern for these academics. Rightly, the effects of those innovations on Maori spiritual and phYSical realms are addressed, to the extent that they may constitute extensive submissions to governmental bodies. How effective these submissions are is open to considerable speculation, particularly when it is acknowledged by many of these same writers that those ministerial and judicial bodies are incapable of understanding the dilemmas posed by the effects of reductionist scientific practice on the Maori world. The Maori world, in the main, is left to wait until it is confronted with yet another scientific advancement or technology, and the rush to counter its modus operandi begins again.

year: 2011