title: Properties of a thermostable β-glucosidase immobilized using tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine as a highly effective coupling agent

authors: Oswald, Paul R.

subjects: tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine

abstract: A very stable b-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was immobilized to polyacrylamide-magnetite beads, aminopropyl silica, and chitosan using tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP) or glutaraldehyde as the coupling reagent. The use of THP on chitosan resulted in greater than 90% yields with respect to free enzyme activity compared with only 60% observed when using the more conventional glutaraldehyde coupling reagent. THP-immobilized enzyme also lost activity more slowly than both glutaraldehyde-immobilized and the free enzyme when incubated at 90°C. Repetitive assays of THP and glutaraldehyde-immobilized enzyme also showed that THP was more able to retain active enzyme on the silica-based support. The pH optimum and Km app were unchanged with respect to free enzyme.

text: Properties of a thermostable β-glucosidase immobilized using tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine as a highly effective coupling agent A very stable b-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) was immobilized to polyacrylamide-magnetite beads, aminopropyl silica, and chitosan using tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP) or glutaraldehyde as the coupling reagent. The use of THP on chitosan resulted in greater than 90% yields with respect to free enzyme activity compared with only 60% observed when using the more conventional glutaraldehyde coupling reagent. THP-immobilized enzyme also lost activity more slowly than both glutaraldehyde-immobilized and the free enzyme when incubated at 90°C. Repetitive assays of THP and glutaraldehyde-immobilized enzyme also showed that THP was more able to retain active enzyme on the silica-based support. The pH optimum and Km app were unchanged with respect to free enzyme.

year: 1998

title: Ecosomatics and communities

authors: Hunter, Victoria

subjects: Community

abstract: Roundtable discussion "Communities" with the LOBA association (Bolewa Sabourin, Puskarini Chellapermal), Laetitia Angot (choreographer, France), Karen Barbour (choreographic artist-researcher, NZ/Aotearoa), Victoria Hunter (choreographic artist-researcher, England). Translator: Léa Bonneau-Deborde.

Ten years after the international conference "Ecosomatics" hosted by the CN D in 2014, and the publication Ecosomatics: Thinking about ecology from the gesture (2019), the Soma & Po group is reactivating a meeting around the future of this term. While the environmental disaster multiplies the levels of precariousness (material, psychological, emotional, network), how do somatic practices participate in a reconfiguration of the ways of inhabiting the earth?

text: Ecosomatics and communities Roundtable discussion "Communities" with the LOBA association (Bolewa Sabourin, Puskarini Chellapermal), Laetitia Angot (choreographer, France), Karen Barbour (choreographic artist-researcher, NZ/Aotearoa), Victoria Hunter (choreographic artist-researcher, England). Translator: Léa Bonneau-Deborde.

Ten years after the international conference "Ecosomatics" hosted by the CN D in 2014, and the publication Ecosomatics: Thinking about ecology from the gesture (2019), the Soma & Po group is reactivating a meeting around the future of this term. While the environmental disaster multiplies the levels of precariousness (material, psychological, emotional, network), how do somatic practices participate in a reconfiguration of the ways of inhabiting the earth?

year: 2024-09-24

title: Tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises

authors: Wihongi, Helen Annette

subjects: tino rangatiratanga

abstract: The purpose of my doctoral research was to investigate tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises in Aotearoa. My research involved defining tino rangatiratanga and exploring the expression of tino rangatiratanga in health policy and practises. A kaupapa Māori analysis of the 1996 National Cervical Screening Programme’s Policy document was at the core of the policy investigation. The analysis involved developing a kaupapa Māori analysing framework and then analysing the 1996 National Cervical Screening Policy document for empirical and normative judgements at four discursive levels, health gains, health objectives, health goals and fundamental underlying values. A Kaupapa Māori research design drew on interdisciplinary scholarship on colonisation, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, community psychology, public policy, disability theory, feminist theory and discourse theory.

I argue that the dominance of Western cultural norms and state-directed policies were made possible by the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The signing of Te Tiriti saw Crown sovereignty being implemented and tino rangatiratanga ignored. The consequences for Māori have been disastrous with loss of land and economic base which has resulted in poor health status. I also argue that tino rangatiratanga has the potential to transform the social and political context that frame Aotearoa society. Such an approach raises a critical dilemma for the state as meaningful recognition of tino rangatiratanga requires waiving full and absolute sovereignty which currently resides in the state. Hence some scholars argue that tino rangatiratanga is a site for constructive engagement where state and Māori relationships can be renegotiated. The extent to which this potential for constructive engagement is being realised in however is inadequately explored in the scholarly literature. Exploring the relationships between tino rangatiratanga and health policies and practises as undertaken in my thesis will therefore contribute to scholarly knowledge on the subject.

The findings from the research show that tino rangatiratanga is indeed a complex, fluid, multi-faceted and context related concept. Within the context of my research, tino rangatiratanga is defined as Māori sovereignty, self determination, and positive Māori development. As a Māori value it is about mana and tapu of rangatira or leadership personified. Within policies, tino rangatiratanga has emerged through resistance and demonstration and is actualised through Tiriti legislation and policies.

The legitimation of tino rangatiratanga in cervical screening services sees Māori leadership at national, regional and local levels and Māori involvement through wide ranging consultation but the Crown still controls the policy process and therefore the outcomes. Most cervical screening services are still owned and operated by the Crown or Crown agencies.

One of the consequences of Crown control is that Māori women are still twice as likely to get cervical cancer and four times more likely to die from it. To some degree this may be the result of resource allocation and the result of discriminatory service practices but also the result of resistance to the procedure itself.

Tino rangatiratanga within cervical screening services could be strengthened through iwi ownership of some cervical screening register sites. At the time of my field work (2000) there were 14 sites, all owned and operated by Crown agents. Tino rangatiratanga could also be strengthened through funding criteria that ensure practitioners are safe to practise, through the adoption of less invasive procedures and through the legitimation of Māori healing practises such as rongoā and karakia.

Overall if tino rangatiratanga is to be given full effect within the policy domain Māori must have a well established asset base, they must be in control of the decision making making process including resource allocation, service delivery must address the diversities of Māori realities and Māori must be the recipients of policy decisions made.

text: Tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises The purpose of my doctoral research was to investigate tino rangatiratanga in health policies and practises in Aotearoa. My research involved defining tino rangatiratanga and exploring the expression of tino rangatiratanga in health policy and practises. A kaupapa Māori analysis of the 1996 National Cervical Screening Programme’s Policy document was at the core of the policy investigation. The analysis involved developing a kaupapa Māori analysing framework and then analysing the 1996 National Cervical Screening Policy document for empirical and normative judgements at four discursive levels, health gains, health objectives, health goals and fundamental underlying values. A Kaupapa Māori research design drew on interdisciplinary scholarship on colonisation, Te Tiriti o Waitangi, community psychology, public policy, disability theory, feminist theory and discourse theory.

I argue that the dominance of Western cultural norms and state-directed policies were made possible by the signing of Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The signing of Te Tiriti saw Crown sovereignty being implemented and tino rangatiratanga ignored. The consequences for Māori have been disastrous with loss of land and economic base which has resulted in poor health status. I also argue that tino rangatiratanga has the potential to transform the social and political context that frame Aotearoa society. Such an approach raises a critical dilemma for the state as meaningful recognition of tino rangatiratanga requires waiving full and absolute sovereignty which currently resides in the state. Hence some scholars argue that tino rangatiratanga is a site for constructive engagement where state and Māori relationships can be renegotiated. The extent to which this potential for constructive engagement is being realised in however is inadequately explored in the scholarly literature. Exploring the relationships between tino rangatiratanga and health policies and practises as undertaken in my thesis will therefore contribute to scholarly knowledge on the subject.

The findings from the research show that tino rangatiratanga is indeed a complex, fluid, multi-faceted and context related concept. Within the context of my research, tino rangatiratanga is defined as Māori sovereignty, self determination, and positive Māori development. As a Māori value it is about mana and tapu of rangatira or leadership personified. Within policies, tino rangatiratanga has emerged through resistance and demonstration and is actualised through Tiriti legislation and policies.

The legitimation of tino rangatiratanga in cervical screening services sees Māori leadership at national, regional and local levels and Māori involvement through wide ranging consultation but the Crown still controls the policy process and therefore the outcomes. Most cervical screening services are still owned and operated by the Crown or Crown agencies.

One of the consequences of Crown control is that Māori women are still twice as likely to get cervical cancer and four times more likely to die from it. To some degree this may be the result of resource allocation and the result of discriminatory service practices but also the result of resistance to the procedure itself.

Tino rangatiratanga within cervical screening services could be strengthened through iwi ownership of some cervical screening register sites. At the time of my field work (2000) there were 14 sites, all owned and operated by Crown agents. Tino rangatiratanga could also be strengthened through funding criteria that ensure practitioners are safe to practise, through the adoption of less invasive procedures and through the legitimation of Māori healing practises such as rongoā and karakia.

Overall if tino rangatiratanga is to be given full effect within the policy domain Māori must have a well established asset base, they must be in control of the decision making making process including resource allocation, service delivery must address the diversities of Māori realities and Māori must be the recipients of policy decisions made.

year: 2010