title: An explanation of why the MGO level in manuka honey does not show the antibacterial activity

authors: Molan, Peter C.

subjects: biology

abstract: In March 2008 The New Zealand BeeKeeper published an article Professor Peter Molan wrote, explaining why consumers are being misled by it being claimed that displaying the level of the active antibacterial component of manuka honey shows them the antibacterial activity of the honey.  But it is still being claimed that the MGO Manuka Honey scale will become the standard against with manuka honey will be measured in future.  Therefore he has written this additional article to explain even more simply why the MGO scale does not show the non-peroxide antibactieral activity.

text: An explanation of why the MGO level in manuka honey does not show the antibacterial activity In March 2008 The New Zealand BeeKeeper published an article Professor Peter Molan wrote, explaining why consumers are being misled by it being claimed that displaying the level of the active antibacterial component of manuka honey shows them the antibacterial activity of the honey.  But it is still being claimed that the MGO Manuka Honey scale will become the standard against with manuka honey will be measured in future.  Therefore he has written this additional article to explain even more simply why the MGO scale does not show the non-peroxide antibactieral activity.

year: 2008

title: The international law gaze: America’s fist and the WTO Appellate Body

authors: Alvarez-Jimenez, Alberto

abstract: Saturn Devouring His Son is a famous and disturbing painting by Francisco Goya that you can see at the Prado Museum in Madrid. (http://www.franciscogoya.com/saturn-devouring-his-son.jsp). It depicts the Greek myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who, fearing to be overthrown by his sons, devoured each of them at birth, save one.  Like Saturn, the United States seems to be attempting to devour the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the jewel of the dispute settlement system of an organization that the United States much helped to give birth to. What is the United States doing? It is blocking the consensus within the WTO for the appointment or reappointment of Appellate Body members to the point that the Appellate Body has been forced to operate with a reduced number of members. You should not dismiss this policy as just a new expression of the tragicomedy that is taking place in Washington since January: the attack on the Appellate Body is one and the very same that the Obama administration put in place in 2016 when it blocked the reappointment of Seung Wha Chang, a South Korean Appellate Body member whom the United States thought of as having views that expanded the authority of the Appellate Body. (Alex Lawson, “US Playing with Fire in WTO Appellate Body Spat” QLAW360. May 24, 2016. https://www.law360.com/articles/799678/us-playing-with-fire-in-wto-appellate-body-spat). The action forced WTO members to elect another candidate, Hyun Chong Kim, at the end of 2016. However, he resigned to become South Korea’s Trade Minister in 2017, thus creating a vacancy again. Two other Appellate Body members, Ricardo Ramirez and Peter Van den Bossche, ended their second terms in 2017. The three vacancies have not been filled, due to the United States’ behaviour.  For an institution of seven members, this situation is already severely affecting its operation

text: The international law gaze: America’s fist and the WTO Appellate Body Saturn Devouring His Son is a famous and disturbing painting by Francisco Goya that you can see at the Prado Museum in Madrid. (http://www.franciscogoya.com/saturn-devouring-his-son.jsp). It depicts the Greek myth of the Titan Cronus (Saturn), who, fearing to be overthrown by his sons, devoured each of them at birth, save one.  Like Saturn, the United States seems to be attempting to devour the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the jewel of the dispute settlement system of an organization that the United States much helped to give birth to. What is the United States doing? It is blocking the consensus within the WTO for the appointment or reappointment of Appellate Body members to the point that the Appellate Body has been forced to operate with a reduced number of members. You should not dismiss this policy as just a new expression of the tragicomedy that is taking place in Washington since January: the attack on the Appellate Body is one and the very same that the Obama administration put in place in 2016 when it blocked the reappointment of Seung Wha Chang, a South Korean Appellate Body member whom the United States thought of as having views that expanded the authority of the Appellate Body. (Alex Lawson, “US Playing with Fire in WTO Appellate Body Spat” QLAW360. May 24, 2016. https://www.law360.com/articles/799678/us-playing-with-fire-in-wto-appellate-body-spat). The action forced WTO members to elect another candidate, Hyun Chong Kim, at the end of 2016. However, he resigned to become South Korea’s Trade Minister in 2017, thus creating a vacancy again. Two other Appellate Body members, Ricardo Ramirez and Peter Van den Bossche, ended their second terms in 2017. The three vacancies have not been filled, due to the United States’ behaviour.  For an institution of seven members, this situation is already severely affecting its operation

year: 2017

title: The contested shift to a bicultural understanding of place heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Passey, Emma

abstract: This article explores contemporary threads in the heritage history of Aotearoa New Zealand, as we witness in real-time the emergence of alternative narratives of Indigenous heritage, in contrast to those of Western dominated modernity and colonial hegemony. Moves to actively decolonise heritage studies is creating shifts in the bicultural understanding of culture and heritage to overtly include place heritage. As this new framing emerges, wider acknowledgement of the significance of Māori heritage landscapes is growing. This is explored here in a series of four case-studies. Each account illustrates how Indigenous Māori voices have gained momentum, and reinforces how Aotearoa New Zealand is transitioning to greater bicultural appreciation through inclusion, changes in social and cultural conventions, and new interpretations of dominant narratives using tools like critical heritage studies and existing legal conventions. This evolution of heritage values is not without repeated contestation, however. Positively, increasing numbers of settler-Pākehā (non-Māori) as well as those colonised, no longer believe or accept the histories previously told. Much needed, robust, and sometimes difficult discussions are taking place, enabling New Zealanders to reconsider the significance of what heritage means to all its people.

text: The contested shift to a bicultural understanding of place heritage in Aotearoa New Zealand This article explores contemporary threads in the heritage history of Aotearoa New Zealand, as we witness in real-time the emergence of alternative narratives of Indigenous heritage, in contrast to those of Western dominated modernity and colonial hegemony. Moves to actively decolonise heritage studies is creating shifts in the bicultural understanding of culture and heritage to overtly include place heritage. As this new framing emerges, wider acknowledgement of the significance of Māori heritage landscapes is growing. This is explored here in a series of four case-studies. Each account illustrates how Indigenous Māori voices have gained momentum, and reinforces how Aotearoa New Zealand is transitioning to greater bicultural appreciation through inclusion, changes in social and cultural conventions, and new interpretations of dominant narratives using tools like critical heritage studies and existing legal conventions. This evolution of heritage values is not without repeated contestation, however. Positively, increasing numbers of settler-Pākehā (non-Māori) as well as those colonised, no longer believe or accept the histories previously told. Much needed, robust, and sometimes difficult discussions are taking place, enabling New Zealanders to reconsider the significance of what heritage means to all its people.

year: 2023-01-01