title: Seismically-induced down-sagging structures in tephra layers (tephra-seismites) preserved in lakes since 17.5 cal ka, Hamilton lowlands, New Zealand

authors: Kluger, Max O.

abstract: We analysed numerous soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) identified in seven unconsolidated, up to 8-cmthick, siliceous tephra layers that had been deposited in ~35 riverine-phytogenic lakeswithin the Hamilton lowlands, northern North Island, New Zealand, since 17.5 calendar (cal) ka BP. Based on sediment/tephra descriptions and X-ray computed tomography scanning of cores taken from ten lakes, we classified these SSDSs into elongated load structures (i.e., down-sagging structures) of different dimensions, ranging from millimetre- to decimetre-scale and centimetre-long dykes. Down-sagging structures were commonly manifested as intrusions of internal tephra beds of very fine to medium sand into underlying organic lake sediments.
The tephra layers commonly exhibited an upper silt bed, which was not directly affected by deformation. Dry bulk density and grain size distribution analyses of both the organic lake sediment and the internal tephra beds provided evidence for the deformation mechanism of down-sagging structures and their driving force:
the organic lake sediment and the upper silt bed are less liquefiable, whereas the very fine to medium sand internal tephra beds are liquefiable. The tephra layers and encapsulating organic lake sediments formed three layer (a–b–a) density systems, where ‘a’ denotes the sediment unit of lower density. We infer that downward directed deformation was favoured by the a–b–a density system with the upper, less-liquefiable, silt bed within the tephra layer preventing upward intrusion during the liquefaction process. The spatial distribution and ages of SSDSs within the lakes provided some evidence that liquefaction of the older tephra layers, i.e., Rerewhakaaitu, Rotorua, and Waiohau tephras, deposited 17.5, 15.6, and 14 cal ka BP, respectively, was triggered by a seismic source to the northeast of the Hamilton lowlands (i.e., Kerepehi and/or Te Puninga faults). In contrast, the liquefaction of the younger tephra layers, i.e., Opepe, Mamaku, and Tuhua tephras, deposited 10.0, 8.0, and 7.6 cal ka BP, respectively, may have been triggered by movement on local faults within the Hamilton lowlands, namely the Hamilton Basin faults, or by distant faulting at the Hikurangi subduction margin east of North Island.

text: Seismically-induced down-sagging structures in tephra layers (tephra-seismites) preserved in lakes since 17.5 cal ka, Hamilton lowlands, New Zealand We analysed numerous soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDSs) identified in seven unconsolidated, up to 8-cmthick, siliceous tephra layers that had been deposited in ~35 riverine-phytogenic lakeswithin the Hamilton lowlands, northern North Island, New Zealand, since 17.5 calendar (cal) ka BP. Based on sediment/tephra descriptions and X-ray computed tomography scanning of cores taken from ten lakes, we classified these SSDSs into elongated load structures (i.e., down-sagging structures) of different dimensions, ranging from millimetre- to decimetre-scale and centimetre-long dykes. Down-sagging structures were commonly manifested as intrusions of internal tephra beds of very fine to medium sand into underlying organic lake sediments.
The tephra layers commonly exhibited an upper silt bed, which was not directly affected by deformation. Dry bulk density and grain size distribution analyses of both the organic lake sediment and the internal tephra beds provided evidence for the deformation mechanism of down-sagging structures and their driving force:
the organic lake sediment and the upper silt bed are less liquefiable, whereas the very fine to medium sand internal tephra beds are liquefiable. The tephra layers and encapsulating organic lake sediments formed three layer (a–b–a) density systems, where ‘a’ denotes the sediment unit of lower density. We infer that downward directed deformation was favoured by the a–b–a density system with the upper, less-liquefiable, silt bed within the tephra layer preventing upward intrusion during the liquefaction process. The spatial distribution and ages of SSDSs within the lakes provided some evidence that liquefaction of the older tephra layers, i.e., Rerewhakaaitu, Rotorua, and Waiohau tephras, deposited 17.5, 15.6, and 14 cal ka BP, respectively, was triggered by a seismic source to the northeast of the Hamilton lowlands (i.e., Kerepehi and/or Te Puninga faults). In contrast, the liquefaction of the younger tephra layers, i.e., Opepe, Mamaku, and Tuhua tephras, deposited 10.0, 8.0, and 7.6 cal ka BP, respectively, may have been triggered by movement on local faults within the Hamilton lowlands, namely the Hamilton Basin faults, or by distant faulting at the Hikurangi subduction margin east of North Island.

year: 2023-03

title: Can nonhumans speak? Languaging and worlds in posthumanist applied linguistics

authors: Demuro, Eugenia

subjects: posthumanism

abstract: This paper mobilises posthumanism as a way to theorise and articulate what language(s)/languagingmay be for nonhuman animals. This is investigated via various concepts brought together: we turn to the on-tological turn in anthropology to expand on what language is, or might be, amongst humans, and then discussUmwelt and languaging as two possible modes of exploring ontologies and biosemiosis among nonhumans. Thedialogue between posthumanism and biosemiosis is so far absent in the field of critical language studies. Theaim, thus, is to contribute to the nascent field of posthumanist applied linguistics by tentatively linking discretefields of enquiry for a productive exchange across disciplines, and to further the discussion of how nonhumanlanguage is (or may be) ontologised

text: Can nonhumans speak? Languaging and worlds in posthumanist applied linguistics This paper mobilises posthumanism as a way to theorise and articulate what language(s)/languagingmay be for nonhuman animals. This is investigated via various concepts brought together: we turn to the on-tological turn in anthropology to expand on what language is, or might be, amongst humans, and then discussUmwelt and languaging as two possible modes of exploring ontologies and biosemiosis among nonhumans. Thedialogue between posthumanism and biosemiosis is so far absent in the field of critical language studies. Theaim, thus, is to contribute to the nascent field of posthumanist applied linguistics by tentatively linking discretefields of enquiry for a productive exchange across disciplines, and to further the discussion of how nonhumanlanguage is (or may be) ontologised

year: 2023-09-01

title: Māori data governance model

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: This report describes the Māori Data Governance Model that has been designed by Māori data experts for use across the Aotearoa New Zealand public service. Māori data is a taonga that requires culturally grounded models of protection and care. The Model provides guidance for the system-wide governance of Māori data, consistent with the Government’s responsibilities under te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Model is intended to assist all agencies to undertake Māori data governance in a way that is values-led, centred on Māori needs and priorities, and informed by research. This is important because existing government data processes and practices are failing to meet Māori informational needs.

The Vision, Tuia te korowai o Hine-Raraunga – Data for self-determination, enables iwi, hapū and Māori organisations, businesses and communities to pursue their own goals for cultural, social, economic and environmental wellbeing. Eight Data Pou or pillars define critical areas of data governance and specify the actions that should be undertaken to realise six desired outcomes. The Model does not cover every element of data governance; instead, it focuses on key priorities and actions, against which agencies can assess their level of data maturity. The Model explicitly recognises the need for changes to system leadership, policies and legal settings so that Māori can exercise authority over Māori data to reduce unethical data use and strengthen outcomes for individuals, whānau and communities. The report also identifies the need for strategic investment in a Mana Motuhake data system that sits outside of the public sector to ensure iwi and hapū sovereignty over iwi and hapū data.

text: Māori data governance model This report describes the Māori Data Governance Model that has been designed by Māori data experts for use across the Aotearoa New Zealand public service. Māori data is a taonga that requires culturally grounded models of protection and care. The Model provides guidance for the system-wide governance of Māori data, consistent with the Government’s responsibilities under te Tiriti o Waitangi. The Model is intended to assist all agencies to undertake Māori data governance in a way that is values-led, centred on Māori needs and priorities, and informed by research. This is important because existing government data processes and practices are failing to meet Māori informational needs.

The Vision, Tuia te korowai o Hine-Raraunga – Data for self-determination, enables iwi, hapū and Māori organisations, businesses and communities to pursue their own goals for cultural, social, economic and environmental wellbeing. Eight Data Pou or pillars define critical areas of data governance and specify the actions that should be undertaken to realise six desired outcomes. The Model does not cover every element of data governance; instead, it focuses on key priorities and actions, against which agencies can assess their level of data maturity. The Model explicitly recognises the need for changes to system leadership, policies and legal settings so that Māori can exercise authority over Māori data to reduce unethical data use and strengthen outcomes for individuals, whānau and communities. The report also identifies the need for strategic investment in a Mana Motuhake data system that sits outside of the public sector to ensure iwi and hapū sovereignty over iwi and hapū data.

year: 2023