title: Iwi, institutes, societies & community led initiatives

authors: Whaanga, Hēmi

abstract: With the rapid evolution, innovation and incredible growth of ICT, the avenues to exchange, access, manage, create, disseminate, display and research Indigenous data and Mātauranga Māori have increased at astounding rates. This generation, often referred to as ‘digital natives', ‘homo zappiëns’, ‘Net generation’, ‘millennials’, ‘i-generation’ (see, for example Akçayır, Dündar, & Akçayır, 2016; Kirschner & De Bruyckere, 2017; Prensky, 2001; Yong & Gates, 2014), have been raised, immersed and exposed to a myriad of digital technologies, video games, computers, digital music players and cellular phones during their brief lifetimes. Technologies have dramatically transformed how each generation access, communicate, share knowledge, distribute and view information. Social networks like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Pinterest, Tumblr and social networking apps such as Messenger, WhatsApp, WeChat, QQ Chat, QZone, Viber, LINE, and Snapchat, with billons of active users per month, are as familiar to this generation as was the radio, television and landline telephones to the Baby Boomers who grew up with pre-cellphone mobile technology.

text: Iwi, institutes, societies & community led initiatives With the rapid evolution, innovation and incredible growth of ICT, the avenues to exchange, access, manage, create, disseminate, display and research Indigenous data and Mātauranga Māori have increased at astounding rates. This generation, often referred to as ‘digital natives', ‘homo zappiëns’, ‘Net generation’, ‘millennials’, ‘i-generation’ (see, for example Akçayır, Dündar, & Akçayır, 2016; Kirschner & De Bruyckere, 2017; Prensky, 2001; Yong & Gates, 2014), have been raised, immersed and exposed to a myriad of digital technologies, video games, computers, digital music players and cellular phones during their brief lifetimes. Technologies have dramatically transformed how each generation access, communicate, share knowledge, distribute and view information. Social networks like Facebook, YouTube, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Pinterest, Tumblr and social networking apps such as Messenger, WhatsApp, WeChat, QQ Chat, QZone, Viber, LINE, and Snapchat, with billons of active users per month, are as familiar to this generation as was the radio, television and landline telephones to the Baby Boomers who grew up with pre-cellphone mobile technology.

year: 2017

title: Te kawa whakauru ora: Transformative pathways to flourishing whānau

authors: Raharuhi, Te Urukeiha

subjects: flourishing whānau

abstract: Flourishing is more than a combination of wellbeing factors or the absence of disease. It is a state of vitality, optimism and potential. We flourish when we feel positive about our ability to make choices to improve our lives. We flourish when we have opportunities to make valuable contributions to those we care most about, in ways that are meaningful to us. 

There is a wealth of research about whānau wellbeing. However, it is difficult to discern how it directly benefits whānau. Furthermore, deficit approaches to whānau wellbeing research publicise negative stereotypes that are alienating for Māori and detrimental to our flourishing. Te Kawa Whakauru Ora explores a process of identifying transformative pathways to flourishing whānau. It is not a generic approach that represents whānau as homogenous. Nor does it equate whānau with household or nuclear family. This research inquiry into flourishing whānau occurs within the scope of whakapapa and explores diversity within my whānau. 

This research inquiry compares whānau participation in individual wellbeing activities with participation in whānau events. Whānau events are identified by whānau as the only occasions where we experience whakapapa, whanaungatanga and aspects of flourishing that are unique to our collective wellbeing. The research inquiry then focuses on trialling a process of identifying pathways to flourishing whānau through participation in whānau events. When we participate in whānau events, we simultaneously access many aspects of flourishing to varying degrees. Te reo Māori and Māori concepts that are accessible to all whānau regardless of our level of proficiency, are tools to raise our awareness about these. When coupled with an existing research framework, a process for time series analysis of flourishing whānau is created, allowing us to document and compare the contexts of flourishing experienced at different events. 

The trial process of identifying transformative pathways to flourishing whānau is described in detail throughout this thesis to engage with whānau wanting to document the contexts within which they access flourishing. The research process recognises that the potential for pathways to be transformative increases when these are identified by each whānau. This thesis is thus different from existing research about whānau wellbeing because it demonstrates and strengthens whānau research capability.

text: Te kawa whakauru ora: Transformative pathways to flourishing whānau Flourishing is more than a combination of wellbeing factors or the absence of disease. It is a state of vitality, optimism and potential. We flourish when we feel positive about our ability to make choices to improve our lives. We flourish when we have opportunities to make valuable contributions to those we care most about, in ways that are meaningful to us. 

There is a wealth of research about whānau wellbeing. However, it is difficult to discern how it directly benefits whānau. Furthermore, deficit approaches to whānau wellbeing research publicise negative stereotypes that are alienating for Māori and detrimental to our flourishing. Te Kawa Whakauru Ora explores a process of identifying transformative pathways to flourishing whānau. It is not a generic approach that represents whānau as homogenous. Nor does it equate whānau with household or nuclear family. This research inquiry into flourishing whānau occurs within the scope of whakapapa and explores diversity within my whānau. 

This research inquiry compares whānau participation in individual wellbeing activities with participation in whānau events. Whānau events are identified by whānau as the only occasions where we experience whakapapa, whanaungatanga and aspects of flourishing that are unique to our collective wellbeing. The research inquiry then focuses on trialling a process of identifying pathways to flourishing whānau through participation in whānau events. When we participate in whānau events, we simultaneously access many aspects of flourishing to varying degrees. Te reo Māori and Māori concepts that are accessible to all whānau regardless of our level of proficiency, are tools to raise our awareness about these. When coupled with an existing research framework, a process for time series analysis of flourishing whānau is created, allowing us to document and compare the contexts of flourishing experienced at different events. 

The trial process of identifying transformative pathways to flourishing whānau is described in detail throughout this thesis to engage with whānau wanting to document the contexts within which they access flourishing. The research process recognises that the potential for pathways to be transformative increases when these are identified by each whānau. This thesis is thus different from existing research about whānau wellbeing because it demonstrates and strengthens whānau research capability.

year: 2025

title: Effects of a higher acute protein intake post muscle-damaging exercise on muscle recovery in older female endurance runners

authors: Neureuter, Zoe

subjects: muscle damage

abstract: Masters endurance athletes who train and compete in organised competitive endurance events, appear to take longer to recover after muscle-damaging exercise than younger athletes. A reduced sensitivity to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in response to the anabolic stimuli of protein and exercise may be contributing to the slower repair and remodelling of muscle fibres. This decreased stimulus for MPS negatively affects recovery in this older cohort of athletes, although evidence supports the notion that the ingestion of a higher dose of protein than the current recommendation of 20 grams, post muscle-damaging exercise, demonstrates improvements in muscle function of male masters triathletes. However, the efficacy for a higher protein intake in female masters endurance athletes has not been established. 
Chapter 2 investigates the effects of ingesting a higher acute dose of protein (40 g) compared to the current recommended dose (20 g) on muscle recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage in older female (≥48 y) endurance runners. The study assessed muscle recovery by measuring isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensors, peak countermovement jump height, perceived muscle soreness, and flexibility prior to, and at 3 and 24 hours following a downhill running protocol, used to elicit muscle damage. The study recruited six well trained female endurance runners, 48 years of age and older (mean ± SD: age; 52 ± 5.6 y, body mass; 61.4 ± 6.2 kg) to take part in three downhill running trials,  each separated by one week. Participants consumed one of three energy matched (1190 kJ) recovery beverages immediately following the run. Beverage composition was either a 70 g carbohydrate placebo or one of two protein supplements; 20 g of protein and 50 g of carbohydrate, or 40 g of protein and 30 g of carbohydrate. The 40 g of protein had a likely small beneficial effect compared to the placebo (ES = 0.24 ± 0.5) and 20 g of protein (ES = 0.25 ± 0.29) for improving maximum voluntary contraction from baseline to 24 hours. The 40 g of protein had a likely small beneficial effect for improving countermovement jump height compared to 20 g of protein from baseline to 3 hours (ES = 2.9 ± 4.9), and to 24 hours compared to the placebo (ES = 0.32 ± 0.39) and 20 g of protein (ES = 0.27 ± 0.19). The 40 g of protein had an unclear effect on muscle soreness and flexibility. The findings of this current study suggest that the acute ingestion of 40 grams of whey protein isolate following muscle-damaging exercise, had a small beneficial effect on improving muscle function within 24 hours, in masters female runners.

text: Effects of a higher acute protein intake post muscle-damaging exercise on muscle recovery in older female endurance runners Masters endurance athletes who train and compete in organised competitive endurance events, appear to take longer to recover after muscle-damaging exercise than younger athletes. A reduced sensitivity to increase skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in response to the anabolic stimuli of protein and exercise may be contributing to the slower repair and remodelling of muscle fibres. This decreased stimulus for MPS negatively affects recovery in this older cohort of athletes, although evidence supports the notion that the ingestion of a higher dose of protein than the current recommendation of 20 grams, post muscle-damaging exercise, demonstrates improvements in muscle function of male masters triathletes. However, the efficacy for a higher protein intake in female masters endurance athletes has not been established. 
Chapter 2 investigates the effects of ingesting a higher acute dose of protein (40 g) compared to the current recommended dose (20 g) on muscle recovery following exercise-induced muscle damage in older female (≥48 y) endurance runners. The study assessed muscle recovery by measuring isometric maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensors, peak countermovement jump height, perceived muscle soreness, and flexibility prior to, and at 3 and 24 hours following a downhill running protocol, used to elicit muscle damage. The study recruited six well trained female endurance runners, 48 years of age and older (mean ± SD: age; 52 ± 5.6 y, body mass; 61.4 ± 6.2 kg) to take part in three downhill running trials,  each separated by one week. Participants consumed one of three energy matched (1190 kJ) recovery beverages immediately following the run. Beverage composition was either a 70 g carbohydrate placebo or one of two protein supplements; 20 g of protein and 50 g of carbohydrate, or 40 g of protein and 30 g of carbohydrate. The 40 g of protein had a likely small beneficial effect compared to the placebo (ES = 0.24 ± 0.5) and 20 g of protein (ES = 0.25 ± 0.29) for improving maximum voluntary contraction from baseline to 24 hours. The 40 g of protein had a likely small beneficial effect for improving countermovement jump height compared to 20 g of protein from baseline to 3 hours (ES = 2.9 ± 4.9), and to 24 hours compared to the placebo (ES = 0.32 ± 0.39) and 20 g of protein (ES = 0.27 ± 0.19). The 40 g of protein had an unclear effect on muscle soreness and flexibility. The findings of this current study suggest that the acute ingestion of 40 grams of whey protein isolate following muscle-damaging exercise, had a small beneficial effect on improving muscle function within 24 hours, in masters female runners.

year: 2019