title: Introduction to the landscapes and soils of the Hamilton Basin

authors: Lowe, David J.

subjects: Hamilton Basin

abstract: The Hamilton Basin area is characterised by four main landscape units or landforms as depicted in the block diagrams below (McCraw, 1967, 2002; Bruce, 1979; Selby and Lowe, 1992), and these provide a soil-landscape model to predict the soil pattern.

text: Introduction to the landscapes and soils of the Hamilton Basin The Hamilton Basin area is characterised by four main landscape units or landforms as depicted in the block diagrams below (McCraw, 1967, 2002; Bruce, 1979; Selby and Lowe, 1992), and these provide a soil-landscape model to predict the soil pattern.

year: 2010

title: Original ArticleDaytime naps improve afternoon power and perceptual measures in elite rugby union athletes - A randomized cross-over trial

authors: Teece, Angus R.

subjects: Peak power

abstract: Daytime napping are used by elite athletes in both training and match-day settings. Currently, there are limited interventional studies on the efficacy of napping on physical performance in elite team-sport athletes. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of a daytime nap (<1 h) on afternoon performance of peak power, reaction time, subjective wellness, and aerobic performance in professional rugby union athletes. A randomised cross-over design was carried out amongst 15 professional rugby union athletes. Athletes performed nap (NAP) and no nap (CON) conditions on two occasions, separated by one week. Baseline testing of reaction time, subjective wellness, and 6-s peak power test on a cycle ergometer was completed in the morning, followed by 2 x 45-minute training sessions, after which athletes completed the NAP or CON condition at 1200h. Following the nap period, baseline measures were retested in addition to a 30-minute fixed intensity interval cycle and a 4-minute maximal effort cycling test. A significant group x time interaction was determined for 6-s peak power output (+157.6 W, p<0.01, d=1.53), perceived fatigue (-0.2 AU, p=0.01, d=0.37) and muscle soreness (-0.1 AU, p=0.04, d=0.75) in favor of the NAP condition. A significantly lower perceived exertion rating (-1.2 AU, p<0.01, d=1.72) was recorded for the fixed intensity session in favour of NAP. This study highlights that utilizing daytime naps between training sessions on the same day improved afternoon peak power and lower perceptions of fatigue, soreness, and exertion during afternoon training in professional rugby union athletes.

text: Original ArticleDaytime naps improve afternoon power and perceptual measures in elite rugby union athletes - A randomized cross-over trial Daytime napping are used by elite athletes in both training and match-day settings. Currently, there are limited interventional studies on the efficacy of napping on physical performance in elite team-sport athletes. Therefore, the objective was to investigate the effect of a daytime nap (<1 h) on afternoon performance of peak power, reaction time, subjective wellness, and aerobic performance in professional rugby union athletes. A randomised cross-over design was carried out amongst 15 professional rugby union athletes. Athletes performed nap (NAP) and no nap (CON) conditions on two occasions, separated by one week. Baseline testing of reaction time, subjective wellness, and 6-s peak power test on a cycle ergometer was completed in the morning, followed by 2 x 45-minute training sessions, after which athletes completed the NAP or CON condition at 1200h. Following the nap period, baseline measures were retested in addition to a 30-minute fixed intensity interval cycle and a 4-minute maximal effort cycling test. A significant group x time interaction was determined for 6-s peak power output (+157.6 W, p<0.01, d=1.53), perceived fatigue (-0.2 AU, p=0.01, d=0.37) and muscle soreness (-0.1 AU, p=0.04, d=0.75) in favor of the NAP condition. A significantly lower perceived exertion rating (-1.2 AU, p<0.01, d=1.72) was recorded for the fixed intensity session in favour of NAP. This study highlights that utilizing daytime naps between training sessions on the same day improved afternoon peak power and lower perceptions of fatigue, soreness, and exertion during afternoon training in professional rugby union athletes.

year: 2023-05-08

title: Ko te reo i Te Rarawa: Pēhea rainī te tūāhua reo o ngā mātua tūpuna i Pukepoto

authors: McGrath, Daniel

abstract: Ko te reo Māori, ko te reo ā-iwi, ko te mita o te reo; ko tēhea te mea nui? Mai anō tēnei tohe, ko tēhea ko runga, ko tēhea ko raro. He tinitini nei anō ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, mō ngā rautaki whakaora i te reo Māori. Erangi pēhea mai ana te reo ā-iwi? I te mahi nui whakaharahara ki te whakaora i te reo Māori e noho ana tērā kaupapa hei aronga matua. E kite mārika ana i ngā hua o aua mahi, hoi anō te reo ā-iwi, te hanga nei, i paria ki rāhaki. Nā, i ngā tau tata nei anō, kua kitea rawatia te wheinu o ngā uri whakaheke, o ngā mokopuna o ngā iwi ki te ako i ō rātou mita, otirā i te reo ā-iwi.
Hoi anō tēnei kaupapa rangahau he mea whakapiripiri ki ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, waihoki mō te reo ā-iwi. E āta mātai atu ana te titiro ki te reo ake anō o Te Rarawa, otirā ki te reo o ngā kaumātua i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko ngā whāinga matua o te rangahau kia kitea pēnā rainī he patanga wō te reo i te kāinga ki te mana, ki te ahurea o te tangata, ka tahi. Ka rua, kia huraina mai ai ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te reo o Te Rarawa, otirā, o te reo i Pukepoto. I runga i tērā, ko te pātai matua o te rangahau nei, ko tēnei;
Pēhea hoki nei te tūāhua reo Māori i kōrerohia ai e ngā mātua tūpuna, e ngā wheinga i Pukepoto?
Nā, e tutuki ngā whāinga rangahau, i arohia wētahi rīpene kei te pātaka kōrero o Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika e mau nei ngā reo o ngā kaumātua o te kāinga e kōrero ana mō ngā tini āhuatanga e hāngai ana ki ō rātou nā ao. E tāwharautia ana tēnei kaupapa e te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori, ā, ko ngā tikanga, ko ngā kōrero i ahua mai i Te Rarawa i Pukepoto e noho mai ana hei tāhuhu tikanga mōku. Ko ngā taupānga hou kua oti kē nei i a Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika hei taputapu e nanao atu ai a hau ki te pātaka kōrero o Te Hiku o Te Ika, e pai ai taku āta wānanga i ngā kupu, i ngā kōrero kei ngā rīpene e mau ana.
Tokowhitu katoa ngā kaumātua i āta arohia e ahau i tēnei rangahau nei, katoa i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko tāku, he āta whakataringa atu ki wā rātou kōrero, ka āta arotake ai i wētahi kupu, i wētahi kīwaha, i wētahi whakatakotoranga rerenga kōrero i kaha whakahuangia e rātou mā. Kei te puke tuaono te roanga o ngā kōrero mō ngā kitenga o te rangahau; i mārama te kite atu he tini ngā momo kupu, ngā kīwaha me ngā rerenga kōrero he tikanga kē atu wō rātou, he whakamahinga kē anō, ka mutu, arā wētahi kāhore e tino rangona ana i wēnei wā nei. Nō reira, ko tā tēnei rangahau e whai ana kia whakahokia wēnei āhuatanga o te reo ki ngā arero o ngā uri whakaheke o Pukepoto, o Te Rarawa, otirā o Te Hiku o te Ika.

text: Ko te reo i Te Rarawa: Pēhea rainī te tūāhua reo o ngā mātua tūpuna i Pukepoto Ko te reo Māori, ko te reo ā-iwi, ko te mita o te reo; ko tēhea te mea nui? Mai anō tēnei tohe, ko tēhea ko runga, ko tēhea ko raro. He tinitini nei anō ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, mō ngā rautaki whakaora i te reo Māori. Erangi pēhea mai ana te reo ā-iwi? I te mahi nui whakaharahara ki te whakaora i te reo Māori e noho ana tērā kaupapa hei aronga matua. E kite mārika ana i ngā hua o aua mahi, hoi anō te reo ā-iwi, te hanga nei, i paria ki rāhaki. Nā, i ngā tau tata nei anō, kua kitea rawatia te wheinu o ngā uri whakaheke, o ngā mokopuna o ngā iwi ki te ako i ō rātou mita, otirā i te reo ā-iwi.
Hoi anō tēnei kaupapa rangahau he mea whakapiripiri ki ngā rangahau mō te reo Māori, waihoki mō te reo ā-iwi. E āta mātai atu ana te titiro ki te reo ake anō o Te Rarawa, otirā ki te reo o ngā kaumātua i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko ngā whāinga matua o te rangahau kia kitea pēnā rainī he patanga wō te reo i te kāinga ki te mana, ki te ahurea o te tangata, ka tahi. Ka rua, kia huraina mai ai ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te reo o Te Rarawa, otirā, o te reo i Pukepoto. I runga i tērā, ko te pātai matua o te rangahau nei, ko tēnei;
Pēhea hoki nei te tūāhua reo Māori i kōrerohia ai e ngā mātua tūpuna, e ngā wheinga i Pukepoto?
Nā, e tutuki ngā whāinga rangahau, i arohia wētahi rīpene kei te pātaka kōrero o Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika e mau nei ngā reo o ngā kaumātua o te kāinga e kōrero ana mō ngā tini āhuatanga e hāngai ana ki ō rātou nā ao. E tāwharautia ana tēnei kaupapa e te Rangahau Kaupapa Māori, ā, ko ngā tikanga, ko ngā kōrero i ahua mai i Te Rarawa i Pukepoto e noho mai ana hei tāhuhu tikanga mōku. Ko ngā taupānga hou kua oti kē nei i a Te Reo Irirangi Māori o Te Hiku o Te Ika hei taputapu e nanao atu ai a hau ki te pātaka kōrero o Te Hiku o Te Ika, e pai ai taku āta wānanga i ngā kupu, i ngā kōrero kei ngā rīpene e mau ana.
Tokowhitu katoa ngā kaumātua i āta arohia e ahau i tēnei rangahau nei, katoa i noho ai i Pukepoto. Ko tāku, he āta whakataringa atu ki wā rātou kōrero, ka āta arotake ai i wētahi kupu, i wētahi kīwaha, i wētahi whakatakotoranga rerenga kōrero i kaha whakahuangia e rātou mā. Kei te puke tuaono te roanga o ngā kōrero mō ngā kitenga o te rangahau; i mārama te kite atu he tini ngā momo kupu, ngā kīwaha me ngā rerenga kōrero he tikanga kē atu wō rātou, he whakamahinga kē anō, ka mutu, arā wētahi kāhore e tino rangona ana i wēnei wā nei. Nō reira, ko tā tēnei rangahau e whai ana kia whakahokia wēnei āhuatanga o te reo ki ngā arero o ngā uri whakaheke o Pukepoto, o Te Rarawa, otirā o Te Hiku o te Ika.

year: 2021