title: Nitrogen fixation and bulk organic removal in a bleached krall pulp and paper mill treatment system

authors: Frost, Nicola M.

subjects: New Zealand Pulp & Paper industry

abstract: A study was undertaken to assess some effects of nitrogen fixation and bulk organic substrate removal in a New Zealand bleached kraft pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment system. A novel wastewater biological treatment system based on nitrogen fixation has been identified as having significant potential for application in full scale treatment of pulp and paper and other nitrogen deficient wastewaters. This study contributes information about the significance and role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in such a system and will benefit development and optimisation of a wastewater treatment system based on nitrogen fixation. 
The specific aims of the study were i) to identify the bulk organic substrates present in the mill's treatment system, ii) to study some effects of changing the wastewater composition on the processes occurring in a nitrogen fixing biological treatment system and iii) to obtain and characterise some of the nitrogen fixing microorganisms present in this system. 
Methanol, acetic acid and glucose accounted for approximately 43% of the soluble chemical oxygen demand entering the treatment system. The remaining 57% was unidentified in this study. Acetic acid was the first identified substrate removed from the treatment system, implicating this compound as the preferred substrate under these conditions. 
A laboratory continuous culture experiment demonstrated that increases in acetate and methanol concentrations in the wastewater did not affect specific substrate removal and nitrogen fixation rates in the system but may have changed the microbial population. Low biomass nitrogen results were obtained in this experiment and attributed to microbial intracellular storage of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. 
Isolates were obtained from the mill's treatment system which were able to fix nitrogen under microaerophilic conditions. Four selected isolates were able to utilise methanol, acetic acid and glucose under nitrogen fixing conditions. All of these isolates removed acetic acid from a mixed carbon substrate medium before methanol and glucose, consistent with individual substrate removal found in the Tasman treatment system.

text: Nitrogen fixation and bulk organic removal in a bleached krall pulp and paper mill treatment system A study was undertaken to assess some effects of nitrogen fixation and bulk organic substrate removal in a New Zealand bleached kraft pulp and paper mill wastewater treatment system. A novel wastewater biological treatment system based on nitrogen fixation has been identified as having significant potential for application in full scale treatment of pulp and paper and other nitrogen deficient wastewaters. This study contributes information about the significance and role of nitrogen fixing bacteria in such a system and will benefit development and optimisation of a wastewater treatment system based on nitrogen fixation. 
The specific aims of the study were i) to identify the bulk organic substrates present in the mill's treatment system, ii) to study some effects of changing the wastewater composition on the processes occurring in a nitrogen fixing biological treatment system and iii) to obtain and characterise some of the nitrogen fixing microorganisms present in this system. 
Methanol, acetic acid and glucose accounted for approximately 43% of the soluble chemical oxygen demand entering the treatment system. The remaining 57% was unidentified in this study. Acetic acid was the first identified substrate removed from the treatment system, implicating this compound as the preferred substrate under these conditions. 
A laboratory continuous culture experiment demonstrated that increases in acetate and methanol concentrations in the wastewater did not affect specific substrate removal and nitrogen fixation rates in the system but may have changed the microbial population. Low biomass nitrogen results were obtained in this experiment and attributed to microbial intracellular storage of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. 
Isolates were obtained from the mill's treatment system which were able to fix nitrogen under microaerophilic conditions. Four selected isolates were able to utilise methanol, acetic acid and glucose under nitrogen fixing conditions. All of these isolates removed acetic acid from a mixed carbon substrate medium before methanol and glucose, consistent with individual substrate removal found in the Tasman treatment system.

year: 1998

title: Cultural outlooks and the global quest for sustainable management.

authors: Jay, Grace Mairi M.

subjects: culture

abstract: Culture shapes how people identify and evaluate elements of their environment, and influences their behaviour and subjective experiences. At a more pragmatic level, culture provides the social infrastructure and institutions that determine how resources are used and managed. This article highlights the links between culture and natural resource management. The authors outline contrasting points of view on the role of culture in resource and environmental management, and attempt to mediate between these conflicting positions.

text: Cultural outlooks and the global quest for sustainable management. Culture shapes how people identify and evaluate elements of their environment, and influences their behaviour and subjective experiences. At a more pragmatic level, culture provides the social infrastructure and institutions that determine how resources are used and managed. This article highlights the links between culture and natural resource management. The authors outline contrasting points of view on the role of culture in resource and environmental management, and attempt to mediate between these conflicting positions.

year: 2002

title: The role of coastal marae in natural hazard response and climate change adaptation

authors: Bailey-Winiata, Akuhata

abstract: Marae are much more than infrastructure. They are spiritual places and community hubs. Marae are often positioned in places that are known to be safe based on mātauranga a whānau/hapū/iwi (often more generally referred to as mātauranga Māori - Māori knowledge), and often near waterbodies including rivers/streams, estuaries, and the ocean. Although there are many advantages to living near waterbodies, such features are prone to natural hazards such as flooding and erosion. The impact of these hazards is being exacerbated by climate change and sea level rise.

Hapū and iwi in the past adapted to the impact of natural hazards, and continue to do so, and are now adapting to climate change through a carefully considered process informed by mātauranga Māori developed through generations of observations. Coastal adaptation is generally categorised into three broad types: 1) Protect, 2) Accommodate and 3) Retreat, and many coastal marae are already adapting across all these responses.

Heading into the future, marae are likely to play an increasingly important role for communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. They are examples of mātauranga in action and will continue to protect and shelter people from hazards and following disasters.

text: The role of coastal marae in natural hazard response and climate change adaptation Marae are much more than infrastructure. They are spiritual places and community hubs. Marae are often positioned in places that are known to be safe based on mātauranga a whānau/hapū/iwi (often more generally referred to as mātauranga Māori - Māori knowledge), and often near waterbodies including rivers/streams, estuaries, and the ocean. Although there are many advantages to living near waterbodies, such features are prone to natural hazards such as flooding and erosion. The impact of these hazards is being exacerbated by climate change and sea level rise.

Hapū and iwi in the past adapted to the impact of natural hazards, and continue to do so, and are now adapting to climate change through a carefully considered process informed by mātauranga Māori developed through generations of observations. Coastal adaptation is generally categorised into three broad types: 1) Protect, 2) Accommodate and 3) Retreat, and many coastal marae are already adapting across all these responses.

Heading into the future, marae are likely to play an increasingly important role for communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. They are examples of mātauranga in action and will continue to protect and shelter people from hazards and following disasters.

year: 2022-11