title: The Brazilian military under Cardoso: Overcoming the identity crisis

authors: Martins-Filho, Joao R.

subjects: Brazilian military

abstract: In Brazil, an era of military confusion and dissatisfaction that followed the end of the Cold War has largely dissipated since the mid-1990s. Despite scarce federal resources under current economic policies, the Cardoso government has managed to eliminate the most immediate budgetary causes of military unrest. Military authoritarian influence remains, moreover, in areas such as Amazonia. The military's own efforts, the president's moral and economic support, and the legislature's traditional apathy toward relevant issues have fostered a new form of military influence in the Brazilian democracy.

text: The Brazilian military under Cardoso: Overcoming the identity crisis In Brazil, an era of military confusion and dissatisfaction that followed the end of the Cold War has largely dissipated since the mid-1990s. Despite scarce federal resources under current economic policies, the Cardoso government has managed to eliminate the most immediate budgetary causes of military unrest. Military authoritarian influence remains, moreover, in areas such as Amazonia. The military's own efforts, the president's moral and economic support, and the legislature's traditional apathy toward relevant issues have fostered a new form of military influence in the Brazilian democracy.

year: 2000

title: Assessing effects of changes to nutrient loads on Lake Tarawera water quality: Model simulations for 2010 to 2020

authors: Abell, Jonathan Michael

abstract: Lake Tarawera is a nationally significant lake that is highly valued by tangata whenua, local residents and the regional community. Monitoring shows that lake water quality does not presently meet the target, based on a Trophic Level Index (TLI) value of 2.6 identified in the Tarawera Lakes Restoration Plan1. Between 2010 and 2020 annual observed TLI was frequently as high as 2.9. Managing nutrient loads to the lake is necessary to achieve desired lake water quality and interim nutrient reduction targets have been established. An objective of this study was to evaluate these targets by improving estimates of ‘sustainable nutrient loads’, which are the external loads of nitrogen and phosphorus that would result in meeting the TLI target.

text: Assessing effects of changes to nutrient loads on Lake Tarawera water quality: Model simulations for 2010 to 2020 Lake Tarawera is a nationally significant lake that is highly valued by tangata whenua, local residents and the regional community. Monitoring shows that lake water quality does not presently meet the target, based on a Trophic Level Index (TLI) value of 2.6 identified in the Tarawera Lakes Restoration Plan1. Between 2010 and 2020 annual observed TLI was frequently as high as 2.9. Managing nutrient loads to the lake is necessary to achieve desired lake water quality and interim nutrient reduction targets have been established. An objective of this study was to evaluate these targets by improving estimates of ‘sustainable nutrient loads’, which are the external loads of nitrogen and phosphorus that would result in meeting the TLI target.

year: 2020-12

title: Kei moenga - Tārā i te ārero. Lest it be severed from the tongue

authors: Bailey, Iraia Thompson

subjects: te reo Māori

abstract: Tūwharetoa are a distinctive tribal group who are located within the central North Island. With a proud and celebrated history, Tūwharetoa evolved through out time to become a complex and unique tribe, containing a number of sub tribes, each with its own authority, structure and land holdings. However, like all Māori, Tūwharetoa were greatly affected by the impact of European colonisation. In particular the unique language and customs of Tūwharetoa where savaged by the policy of assimilation and the introduction of a new language and its cultural beliefs. Presently the traditional language of Tūwharetoa is in a perilous state, and regardless of the many Māori language initiatives that have been established over the past few decades, the special language of Tūwharetoa is declining. This thesis is concerned with understanding the reasons why the traditional language of Tūwharetoa finds itself in this position, while also assessing the initatives implemented by Tūwharetoa to rectify this situation. Furthermore this study will look to create a possible pathway forward for Tūwharetoa to support the regeneration and revitalisation of the language. Ultimately this thesis will propose a framework bedded within language planning theory, supported by a kaupapa Māori research methodology and founded within the beliefs of Tūwharetoa, to see the return of te reo Māori as the main form of communication for the people of Tūwharetoa, and as a clear marker of our identity and uniqueness.

text: Kei moenga - Tārā i te ārero. Lest it be severed from the tongue Tūwharetoa are a distinctive tribal group who are located within the central North Island. With a proud and celebrated history, Tūwharetoa evolved through out time to become a complex and unique tribe, containing a number of sub tribes, each with its own authority, structure and land holdings. However, like all Māori, Tūwharetoa were greatly affected by the impact of European colonisation. In particular the unique language and customs of Tūwharetoa where savaged by the policy of assimilation and the introduction of a new language and its cultural beliefs. Presently the traditional language of Tūwharetoa is in a perilous state, and regardless of the many Māori language initiatives that have been established over the past few decades, the special language of Tūwharetoa is declining. This thesis is concerned with understanding the reasons why the traditional language of Tūwharetoa finds itself in this position, while also assessing the initatives implemented by Tūwharetoa to rectify this situation. Furthermore this study will look to create a possible pathway forward for Tūwharetoa to support the regeneration and revitalisation of the language. Ultimately this thesis will propose a framework bedded within language planning theory, supported by a kaupapa Māori research methodology and founded within the beliefs of Tūwharetoa, to see the return of te reo Māori as the main form of communication for the people of Tūwharetoa, and as a clear marker of our identity and uniqueness.

year: 2013