title: Managed retreats by whom and how? Identifying and delineating governance modalities

authors: Hanna, Christina Jane

subjects: Managed retreat

abstract: Managed retreat has become a compelling policy imperative as climate change exacerbates socio-natural hazard risks and imminent harm looms for exposed communities. Retreats may be initiated over different times and scales using various instruments by actors, from the state to the private sector and civil society. However, in the absence of a coherent strategic vision, guiding frameworks, and capacity to manage retreats, at-risk communities, their elected representatives, policy makers, and planners are compelled to embark on retreat governance experiments. Consequently, retreat is perceived as a ‘high regrets’ policy imperative with potentially adverse impacts for community wellbeing, as well as political and professional risks. To help translate managed retreat rhetoric into reality, this paper presents a governance framework that acknowledges the multiplicity of ‘managed retreats.’ Using examples from Aotearoa-New Zealand, we identify and delineate retreat modalities and clarify terminology, converging our framework with the international mobility literature to harness the valuable lessons from decades of human mobility practice.

text: Managed retreats by whom and how? Identifying and delineating governance modalities Managed retreat has become a compelling policy imperative as climate change exacerbates socio-natural hazard risks and imminent harm looms for exposed communities. Retreats may be initiated over different times and scales using various instruments by actors, from the state to the private sector and civil society. However, in the absence of a coherent strategic vision, guiding frameworks, and capacity to manage retreats, at-risk communities, their elected representatives, policy makers, and planners are compelled to embark on retreat governance experiments. Consequently, retreat is perceived as a ‘high regrets’ policy imperative with potentially adverse impacts for community wellbeing, as well as political and professional risks. To help translate managed retreat rhetoric into reality, this paper presents a governance framework that acknowledges the multiplicity of ‘managed retreats.’ Using examples from Aotearoa-New Zealand, we identify and delineate retreat modalities and clarify terminology, converging our framework with the international mobility literature to harness the valuable lessons from decades of human mobility practice.

year: 2021

title: Row-column block designs: Efficiency and structure

authors: Nie, Xiao

subjects: Latin Squares

abstract: A row-column design is any rearrangement of the blocks of a combinatorial design into a rectangular array. A row-column block design is a row-column design in which the blocks form a balanced incomplete block design; that is, each pair of elements occurs in a constant number of blocks. In this thesis we study the efficiency and structure of row-column block designs. In particular, we use solutions to Heffter’s difference problem to give construct row-column block designs with 3 elements per cell with optimal regularity in rows and columns.
In Section 1 we review definitions and theorems related to Latin squares. We introduce related concepts of balanced incomplete block designs and incidence matrix and concurrence matrix of designs. In Section 2 we give our main results of row-column block designs with block size 3. In Section 3 we use Heffter’s difference problem to give some solutions. In Section 4 we explain efficiency measures for block designs. In Section 5 we introduce Trojan semi-Latin squares. We give efficiency measures for Trojan semi-Latin squares. In Section 6 we show the applications to experimental design. Original results are given in the following theorems: Theorem 2.9, Theorem 3.1, Theorem 3.3, Theorem 3.4, Theorem 4.2, Theorem 5.2, Theorem 5.12.
Results from Section 2 and Section 3 have been submitted as a manuscript for publication [17] (Xiao Nie, Row-column block designs with blocks of size three, Ars Combinatoria, submitted).

text: Row-column block designs: Efficiency and structure A row-column design is any rearrangement of the blocks of a combinatorial design into a rectangular array. A row-column block design is a row-column design in which the blocks form a balanced incomplete block design; that is, each pair of elements occurs in a constant number of blocks. In this thesis we study the efficiency and structure of row-column block designs. In particular, we use solutions to Heffter’s difference problem to give construct row-column block designs with 3 elements per cell with optimal regularity in rows and columns.
In Section 1 we review definitions and theorems related to Latin squares. We introduce related concepts of balanced incomplete block designs and incidence matrix and concurrence matrix of designs. In Section 2 we give our main results of row-column block designs with block size 3. In Section 3 we use Heffter’s difference problem to give some solutions. In Section 4 we explain efficiency measures for block designs. In Section 5 we introduce Trojan semi-Latin squares. We give efficiency measures for Trojan semi-Latin squares. In Section 6 we show the applications to experimental design. Original results are given in the following theorems: Theorem 2.9, Theorem 3.1, Theorem 3.3, Theorem 3.4, Theorem 4.2, Theorem 5.2, Theorem 5.12.
Results from Section 2 and Section 3 have been submitted as a manuscript for publication [17] (Xiao Nie, Row-column block designs with blocks of size three, Ars Combinatoria, submitted).

year: 2024-09-23

title: Inter-propositional semantic relations and semantic relational encoding in written discourse in Maori: an investigation

authors: Houia, Waldo

subjects: Maori

abstract: This thesis is an investigation of the various ways in which relationships of meaning between propositions (such as reason-result and temporal overlap) are encoded (as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences) and signalled in Maori.
In Chapter 1, the overall research topic and research questions are outlined.
Chapter 2 locates the research on inter-propositional semantic relations with reference to the concept of cohesion which is central to inter-propositional relational signalling and encoding. Here, reference is made to a number of relevant publications in the area.
Chapter 3 provides an introductory examination of the role of cohesion in the encoding and signalling of inter-propositional semantic relations in Maori.
Chapter 4 introduces a corpus of written texts and examines that corpus in terms of the ways in which inter-propositional semantic relations are encoded.
Chapter 5 examines a number of textbooks designed for learners of both English and Maori in terms of the extent to which they draw upon insights relating to the operation of inter-propositional semantic relations.
In Chapter 6, the research findings are summarised and their implications for aspects of the teaching and learning of Maori are discussed. In addition, suggestions are made in relation to future research possibilities.
Overall, the conclusion reached is that the study of semantic relational encoding and signalling in Maori texts reveals a number of aspects of language that appear not to be commonly taught and suggests the need for further studies of this type.

text: Inter-propositional semantic relations and semantic relational encoding in written discourse in Maori: an investigation This thesis is an investigation of the various ways in which relationships of meaning between propositions (such as reason-result and temporal overlap) are encoded (as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences) and signalled in Maori.
In Chapter 1, the overall research topic and research questions are outlined.
Chapter 2 locates the research on inter-propositional semantic relations with reference to the concept of cohesion which is central to inter-propositional relational signalling and encoding. Here, reference is made to a number of relevant publications in the area.
Chapter 3 provides an introductory examination of the role of cohesion in the encoding and signalling of inter-propositional semantic relations in Maori.
Chapter 4 introduces a corpus of written texts and examines that corpus in terms of the ways in which inter-propositional semantic relations are encoded.
Chapter 5 examines a number of textbooks designed for learners of both English and Maori in terms of the extent to which they draw upon insights relating to the operation of inter-propositional semantic relations.
In Chapter 6, the research findings are summarised and their implications for aspects of the teaching and learning of Maori are discussed. In addition, suggestions are made in relation to future research possibilities.
Overall, the conclusion reached is that the study of semantic relational encoding and signalling in Maori texts reveals a number of aspects of language that appear not to be commonly taught and suggests the need for further studies of this type.

year: 2001