title: To what extent are public savings offset by private savings in the OECD

authors: Holmes, Mark J.

subjects: OECD

abstract: The substitutability of private and public savings has implications for the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Using annual data for the period 1970–2004, this study re-examines long-run relationships between OECD private and public savings rates. However, unlike previous work, panel data unit root and cointegration tests are employed. The results confirm substitutability where strong Ricardian Equivalence is rejected for the entire OECD panel. There is support for weak Ricardian Equivalence with less than perfect substitutability. Indeed, it is argued that existing studies most likely overstate the extent of long-run substitutability particularly with regard to EU countries.

text: To what extent are public savings offset by private savings in the OECD The substitutability of private and public savings has implications for the effectiveness of fiscal policy. Using annual data for the period 1970–2004, this study re-examines long-run relationships between OECD private and public savings rates. However, unlike previous work, panel data unit root and cointegration tests are employed. The results confirm substitutability where strong Ricardian Equivalence is rejected for the entire OECD panel. There is support for weak Ricardian Equivalence with less than perfect substitutability. Indeed, it is argued that existing studies most likely overstate the extent of long-run substitutability particularly with regard to EU countries.

year: 2006

title: Partnerships and participation in catchment scale restoration: A study of the Manga-o-tama, Ōhaupō Peat Lakes to Waipā River Catchment Restoration Project

authors: Kingsford, Natasha

subjects: Multistakeholder partnerships

abstract: With a changing climate, rapidly declining ecosystems and an increasing population, the time to act and redefine society’s relationship with the environment is upon us (Chapin et al., 2012; Jenkins, 2018). Collaborative approaches to environmental management have emerged across the globe to better provide holistic and sustainable outcomes for people and the planet (Fenemor et al., 2011; Reo et al., 2017). At the heart of landscape scale collaboration lies the formation of multistakeholder partnerships. This study investigates the factors that influence the formation of successful multistakeholder partnerships in collaborative catchment scale restoration, in an Aotearoa New Zealand setting.

Using a case study, the Manga-o-tama, Ōhaupō Peat Lakes to Waipā River Catchment Restoration Project, this research explores the interconnected social, political, economic and environmental factors at play in a collaborative partnership. Ostrom’s (2007, 2009) social- ecological systems framework guided the organisation and analysis of this study. Qualitative research methods comprising a comprehensive literature review, nine semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations were carried out in this case-study analysis.

The findings show that purposeful and ongoing participatory processes are required to support the development of an effective partnership and a shared understanding. Participants in this study are largely motivated by a connection to the environment and a community, with a sense of stewardship or sense of place being key to supporting participation and ongoing behaviour change. Organisational barriers and challenges, including that of funding, capacity issues and the need to further strengthen relationships between some stakeholder groups were identified. Project planning and funding models that allow for adaptative management and social and ecological learning were also identified as being highly valuable to establishing effective collaborative partnerships. This thesis contributes to the field of multistakeholder partnership and social-ecological systems research, with a specific focus on catchment scale collaborations in an Aotearoa New Zealand context.

text: Partnerships and participation in catchment scale restoration: A study of the Manga-o-tama, Ōhaupō Peat Lakes to Waipā River Catchment Restoration Project With a changing climate, rapidly declining ecosystems and an increasing population, the time to act and redefine society’s relationship with the environment is upon us (Chapin et al., 2012; Jenkins, 2018). Collaborative approaches to environmental management have emerged across the globe to better provide holistic and sustainable outcomes for people and the planet (Fenemor et al., 2011; Reo et al., 2017). At the heart of landscape scale collaboration lies the formation of multistakeholder partnerships. This study investigates the factors that influence the formation of successful multistakeholder partnerships in collaborative catchment scale restoration, in an Aotearoa New Zealand setting.

Using a case study, the Manga-o-tama, Ōhaupō Peat Lakes to Waipā River Catchment Restoration Project, this research explores the interconnected social, political, economic and environmental factors at play in a collaborative partnership. Ostrom’s (2007, 2009) social- ecological systems framework guided the organisation and analysis of this study. Qualitative research methods comprising a comprehensive literature review, nine semi-structured interviews, document analysis and observations were carried out in this case-study analysis.

The findings show that purposeful and ongoing participatory processes are required to support the development of an effective partnership and a shared understanding. Participants in this study are largely motivated by a connection to the environment and a community, with a sense of stewardship or sense of place being key to supporting participation and ongoing behaviour change. Organisational barriers and challenges, including that of funding, capacity issues and the need to further strengthen relationships between some stakeholder groups were identified. Project planning and funding models that allow for adaptative management and social and ecological learning were also identified as being highly valuable to establishing effective collaborative partnerships. This thesis contributes to the field of multistakeholder partnership and social-ecological systems research, with a specific focus on catchment scale collaborations in an Aotearoa New Zealand context.

year: 2022

title: Travel writing and the first Marists in New Zealand

authors: Jennings, William

subjects: travel writing

abstract: French Marist missionaries arrived in New Zealand in 1838 and travelled extensively throughout the country during the next two decades. The letters they sent to France, now published in Girard's Lettres recues d'Ocanie (2009), include accounts of journeys that reveal the Marists' different perspectives of New Zealand's landscape and inhabitants. French romanticism and their religious vows emphasised a spiritual connection with the landscape, in sharp contrast with prevailing utilitarian European views. The Marists' status as Frenchmen in a British colony meant they encountered two alterities: British and Maori. Influenced by the noble savage of the French Romantics and by anti-Protestant bias, the Marists portrayed Maori favourably, reserving their more hostile comments for the British missionaries.

text: Travel writing and the first Marists in New Zealand French Marist missionaries arrived in New Zealand in 1838 and travelled extensively throughout the country during the next two decades. The letters they sent to France, now published in Girard's Lettres recues d'Ocanie (2009), include accounts of journeys that reveal the Marists' different perspectives of New Zealand's landscape and inhabitants. French romanticism and their religious vows emphasised a spiritual connection with the landscape, in sharp contrast with prevailing utilitarian European views. The Marists' status as Frenchmen in a British colony meant they encountered two alterities: British and Maori. Influenced by the noble savage of the French Romantics and by anti-Protestant bias, the Marists portrayed Maori favourably, reserving their more hostile comments for the British missionaries.

year: 2010-12