title: “What did I change and why did I do it” Young writer’ revision practices

authors: Dix, Stephanie Margaret

subjects: revision practices

abstract: The article presents findings from a research project that investigated young, fluent writers' revision practices. The project adopted a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews based on the students' written scripts. This article focuses on a small sample of children and profiles the extent of their ability to reflect on their written text and revise or 'mess' with their work purposefully.

text: “What did I change and why did I do it” Young writer’ revision practices The article presents findings from a research project that investigated young, fluent writers' revision practices. The project adopted a qualitative approach, using semi-structured interviews based on the students' written scripts. This article focuses on a small sample of children and profiles the extent of their ability to reflect on their written text and revise or 'mess' with their work purposefully.

year: 2006

title: FTNMR and aspects of germanium chemistry

authors: Watkinson, Philip John

abstract: Experimentally determined baseline parameters were obtained for the NMR observation of 32 isotopes, notably including ⁷³Ge. 
Extensive ⁷³Ge studies were performed, despite the technical difficulties from a low NMR receptivity, and a low observation frequency. The majority of germanium compounds studied gave ⁷³Ge resonances.
Germanium-73 chemical shifts, linewidths, and germanium proton coupling constants have been obtained, doubling the total number of compounds studied directly by ⁷³Ge NMR. Sample concentrations must be typically at least 0.1 M to avoid using excessive instrument time ( > 5 hours).
The larger spectral dispersion of ⁷³Ge NMR than ¹H or ¹³C NMR often makes it a better tool for characterization. Trends in ⁷³Ge chemical shifts and coupling constants are surveyed and their use in characterizing hydrides and organogermanes are illustrated. Germanium-73 NMR gave more spectral information on redistributions in the GeY₄:SiX₄, GeX₄:SnY₄, and GeX₄:HgC1₂ systems than did ²⁹Si, ¹¹⁹Sn, or ¹⁹⁹Hg NMR, revealing a slower redistribution than in MX₄:MY₄ systems (M = Ge or Sn; X, Y = Cl or Br).
Nuclear relaxation studies on ⁷³Ge have been greatly extended, increasing the total number of compounds studied three-fold. Values of T₁ from inversion-recovery experiments ranged from 13 to 1300 ms near RT. The dominance of the quadrupolar relaxation mechanism has been established, and the non-existence of signals from compounds with germanium in an asymmetric environment is attributed to rapid relaxation. Estimates of activation energies for molecular reorientation, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (2.3-17 MHz) using ¹³C correlation times have been obtained.
Proton PT to ⁷³Ge via the sequence INEPT was established and its value demonstrated both for sensitivity enhancement and for help in spectral assignment. Observations imply that all compounds with ¹J(Ge,H) or ²J(Ge,C,H) coupling give proton PT. Large enhancements (2-20 fold) were obtained, although long proton T₁ values reduced instrument time savings to 3-100 fold, with the addition of a relaxant in some cases. The loss of signal during the sequence via nuclear relaxation is smaller for INEPT than for another multinuclear PT sequence, UPT, and this difference is maximized for a nucleus with a large spin, like ⁷³Ge. 
Preliminary work on ⁷⁷Se INEPT and multinuclear studies on transition metal carbonyls are presented.

text: FTNMR and aspects of germanium chemistry Experimentally determined baseline parameters were obtained for the NMR observation of 32 isotopes, notably including ⁷³Ge. 
Extensive ⁷³Ge studies were performed, despite the technical difficulties from a low NMR receptivity, and a low observation frequency. The majority of germanium compounds studied gave ⁷³Ge resonances.
Germanium-73 chemical shifts, linewidths, and germanium proton coupling constants have been obtained, doubling the total number of compounds studied directly by ⁷³Ge NMR. Sample concentrations must be typically at least 0.1 M to avoid using excessive instrument time ( > 5 hours).
The larger spectral dispersion of ⁷³Ge NMR than ¹H or ¹³C NMR often makes it a better tool for characterization. Trends in ⁷³Ge chemical shifts and coupling constants are surveyed and their use in characterizing hydrides and organogermanes are illustrated. Germanium-73 NMR gave more spectral information on redistributions in the GeY₄:SiX₄, GeX₄:SnY₄, and GeX₄:HgC1₂ systems than did ²⁹Si, ¹¹⁹Sn, or ¹⁹⁹Hg NMR, revealing a slower redistribution than in MX₄:MY₄ systems (M = Ge or Sn; X, Y = Cl or Br).
Nuclear relaxation studies on ⁷³Ge have been greatly extended, increasing the total number of compounds studied three-fold. Values of T₁ from inversion-recovery experiments ranged from 13 to 1300 ms near RT. The dominance of the quadrupolar relaxation mechanism has been established, and the non-existence of signals from compounds with germanium in an asymmetric environment is attributed to rapid relaxation. Estimates of activation energies for molecular reorientation, and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (2.3-17 MHz) using ¹³C correlation times have been obtained.
Proton PT to ⁷³Ge via the sequence INEPT was established and its value demonstrated both for sensitivity enhancement and for help in spectral assignment. Observations imply that all compounds with ¹J(Ge,H) or ²J(Ge,C,H) coupling give proton PT. Large enhancements (2-20 fold) were obtained, although long proton T₁ values reduced instrument time savings to 3-100 fold, with the addition of a relaxant in some cases. The loss of signal during the sequence via nuclear relaxation is smaller for INEPT than for another multinuclear PT sequence, UPT, and this difference is maximized for a nucleus with a large spin, like ⁷³Ge. 
Preliminary work on ⁷⁷Se INEPT and multinuclear studies on transition metal carbonyls are presented.

year: 1984

title: Kia kāpuia te reo o Tāmaki ki te Tonga: Tāmaki Makaurau ki te Tonga

authors: Lee-Morgan, Jenny Bol Jun

abstract: Mai i te Papakuratanga o Mataoho tae noa ki tona Ipu. Mai i Pukaki Tapu o Poutiikeka ki Te Puketapapatanga a Hape. Mai i te tahuna o Torea i nga wai o Mokoia, mawhiti atu ki Te Arapueru e karekare mai na ko Te Manukanuka a Hoturoa, kei reira a Taramainuku raua ko Kaiwhare. Ka kawea ki nga.hau o Mangere, e topa ai taku manuhokahoka ki Te Manurewatanga a Tamapahore. Whakaterawhiti taku haere ki Otara-a-nuku, ki Otara-a-rangi koia te tikapatanga o toku tiipuna o Marutuahu. Hoki whenei mai au ki Te Pane o Mataoho, tiro kau ake au ki aku pa whakairo ko Matatukutureia, ko Matukurua nga nohoanga tapu o Huakaiwaka, o Nga Tini-o-toitehuatahi, o Maruiwi kua ngaro katoa ki te reinga.

text: Kia kāpuia te reo o Tāmaki ki te Tonga: Tāmaki Makaurau ki te Tonga Mai i te Papakuratanga o Mataoho tae noa ki tona Ipu. Mai i Pukaki Tapu o Poutiikeka ki Te Puketapapatanga a Hape. Mai i te tahuna o Torea i nga wai o Mokoia, mawhiti atu ki Te Arapueru e karekare mai na ko Te Manukanuka a Hoturoa, kei reira a Taramainuku raua ko Kaiwhare. Ka kawea ki nga.hau o Mangere, e topa ai taku manuhokahoka ki Te Manurewatanga a Tamapahore. Whakaterawhiti taku haere ki Otara-a-nuku, ki Otara-a-rangi koia te tikapatanga o toku tiipuna o Marutuahu. Hoki whenei mai au ki Te Pane o Mataoho, tiro kau ake au ki aku pa whakairo ko Matatukutureia, ko Matukurua nga nohoanga tapu o Huakaiwaka, o Nga Tini-o-toitehuatahi, o Maruiwi kua ngaro katoa ki te reinga.

year: 2017