title: The impact of national cultures on structured knowledge transfer

authors: Chen, Jihong

subjects: China

abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of national culture on the structured knowledge transfer from a US-based (onshore) technical support center to an offshore support center in China. 
Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted as an interpretive case study. Three techniques (i.e. document review, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews) were employed for data collection in the field. 
Findings – The findings identify that knowledge tacitness, knowledge gaps, cultural and communication difficulties and weak relationships were the critical barriers to successful knowledge transfer in a cross-cultural knowledge transfer context. It was found that, when a provider and a recipient are located in different individualism/collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions, there will be a reduced likelihood of successful knowledge transfer in a structured knowledge transfer process. However, peer-to-peer help, close relationships and proactive learning may assist in decreasing the knowledge transfer difficulties. 
Research limitations/implications – The research was limited to one organization in one industry (the IT support industry) and in one country (China). There could be both industry-specific issues and national cultural issues that may affect the findings and conclusions. However, the paper has important practical implications for organizations that are trying to carry out transfer of organizational knowledge or to acquire organizational knowledge in a cross-cultural business context. 
Originality/value – The findings provide insight into the cultural issues implicated in the structured knowledge transfer process, when a knowledge provider and a recipient are from different cultural dimensions, as well as offering more general insight into the mechanism of knowledge transfer in the cross-cultural business context.

text: The impact of national cultures on structured knowledge transfer Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of national culture on the structured knowledge transfer from a US-based (onshore) technical support center to an offshore support center in China. 
Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted as an interpretive case study. Three techniques (i.e. document review, participant observation, and semi-structured interviews) were employed for data collection in the field. 
Findings – The findings identify that knowledge tacitness, knowledge gaps, cultural and communication difficulties and weak relationships were the critical barriers to successful knowledge transfer in a cross-cultural knowledge transfer context. It was found that, when a provider and a recipient are located in different individualism/collectivism, power distance, and uncertainty avoidance cultural dimensions, there will be a reduced likelihood of successful knowledge transfer in a structured knowledge transfer process. However, peer-to-peer help, close relationships and proactive learning may assist in decreasing the knowledge transfer difficulties. 
Research limitations/implications – The research was limited to one organization in one industry (the IT support industry) and in one country (China). There could be both industry-specific issues and national cultural issues that may affect the findings and conclusions. However, the paper has important practical implications for organizations that are trying to carry out transfer of organizational knowledge or to acquire organizational knowledge in a cross-cultural business context. 
Originality/value – The findings provide insight into the cultural issues implicated in the structured knowledge transfer process, when a knowledge provider and a recipient are from different cultural dimensions, as well as offering more general insight into the mechanism of knowledge transfer in the cross-cultural business context.

year: 2010

title: Hamilton City long-tailed bat survey: Annual monitoring report, 2022

authors: Caskey, Laura

abstract: Deforestation, urbanisation and the introduction of mammalian predators has resulted in a significant decline of New Zealand’s long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus or pekapeka-tou-roa), which is currently classified as threatened, nationally critical. Hamilton City is one of three urban areas with confirmed long-tailed bat populations. Since 2016, annual city-wide surveys have been conducted by Project Echo, a multi-agency advocacy group for Hamilton City bats. The purpose of the annual surveys is to monitor for changes in bat activity and habitat use throughout Hamilton City, this report presents findings from the 2022 survey.

A total of 72 automatic bat monitors (ABMs) were deployed across 20 historically monitored sites and 52 spatially distributed sites, as specified by a Master Sample design. Acoustic bat monitors (Model AR4) were deployed for approximately 3 weeks, however, only 14 ABMs remained operational for the full 3-weeks, with 30 units failing to operate for more than 4 days. ABM failure was ascribed to the use of older rechargeable batteries. Despite this, a total of 6,734 bat passes were detected from 19 sites, compared to detections at 18 sites from 64 deployments in the 2021 city survey. Similar to previous years, most bat activity was recorded in the south of the city, in close association with the Waikato River and the Mangakotukutuku gully system. There were also six passes recorded in the central city (Site 67, Tristram Street) along with multiple detections in the Hillcrest, Fairfield and Melville residential areas. This data supports the continued use of the Master Sample survey design for the selection of survey sites. While it is advantageous to retain a proportion of previously monitored sites (~25%) for continuity of data, the Master Sample design has improved the proportion of habitats surveyed with greater coverage of residential areas and the inclusion of commercial and industrial areas which have rarely been surveyed.

The reduced number of operational ABM nights is likely to have substantially reduced the sensitivity of the survey to identify locations of low bat activity, as well as the magnitude of detections in high activity areas. Therefore, it is recommended that the data be treated with caution if making comparisons to previous or similar surveys. On-going annual city-wide bat surveys will help identify key habitat areas for conservation and enhancement, in addition to helping understand the effects of urban development and intensification. This is of particular importance given the ongoing and proposed future development in the south of the city, which raises concerns for the preservation of current bat habitats and their connectivity to the city.

text: Hamilton City long-tailed bat survey: Annual monitoring report, 2022 Deforestation, urbanisation and the introduction of mammalian predators has resulted in a significant decline of New Zealand’s long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus or pekapeka-tou-roa), which is currently classified as threatened, nationally critical. Hamilton City is one of three urban areas with confirmed long-tailed bat populations. Since 2016, annual city-wide surveys have been conducted by Project Echo, a multi-agency advocacy group for Hamilton City bats. The purpose of the annual surveys is to monitor for changes in bat activity and habitat use throughout Hamilton City, this report presents findings from the 2022 survey.

A total of 72 automatic bat monitors (ABMs) were deployed across 20 historically monitored sites and 52 spatially distributed sites, as specified by a Master Sample design. Acoustic bat monitors (Model AR4) were deployed for approximately 3 weeks, however, only 14 ABMs remained operational for the full 3-weeks, with 30 units failing to operate for more than 4 days. ABM failure was ascribed to the use of older rechargeable batteries. Despite this, a total of 6,734 bat passes were detected from 19 sites, compared to detections at 18 sites from 64 deployments in the 2021 city survey. Similar to previous years, most bat activity was recorded in the south of the city, in close association with the Waikato River and the Mangakotukutuku gully system. There were also six passes recorded in the central city (Site 67, Tristram Street) along with multiple detections in the Hillcrest, Fairfield and Melville residential areas. This data supports the continued use of the Master Sample survey design for the selection of survey sites. While it is advantageous to retain a proportion of previously monitored sites (~25%) for continuity of data, the Master Sample design has improved the proportion of habitats surveyed with greater coverage of residential areas and the inclusion of commercial and industrial areas which have rarely been surveyed.

The reduced number of operational ABM nights is likely to have substantially reduced the sensitivity of the survey to identify locations of low bat activity, as well as the magnitude of detections in high activity areas. Therefore, it is recommended that the data be treated with caution if making comparisons to previous or similar surveys. On-going annual city-wide bat surveys will help identify key habitat areas for conservation and enhancement, in addition to helping understand the effects of urban development and intensification. This is of particular importance given the ongoing and proposed future development in the south of the city, which raises concerns for the preservation of current bat habitats and their connectivity to the city.

year: 2022

title: Ko ngā whakahokinga kōrero a te hunga uiui i roto i te akomanga rumaki i te Whare Wānanga o Waikato: He pūrongo mō ngā ui pātai

authors: Nock, Sophie

subjects: Reo Māori

abstract: Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei rangahau he whakakaokao, he wetewete āno hoki i ngā whakahokinga kōrero a te hunga uiui i kake atu ai ki runga i te waka o Te Tohu Paetahi i te tau 2008, i raro i te kōawa o Rehutai, i raro anō hoki i te maru o Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato. Ka aro atu ki ngā urupare a te hunga tekau mā ono mō te kaupapa nei o Te Tohu Paetahi, ka mutu, ka matapakihia ngā kōrero me ngā whakaaro o taua hunga kia āta kitea ai, āe rānei e tika ana te whakahaere, te mahi whakaako i te reo, te tautoko mai hoki a ngā kaiwhakaako me te kura. I te mutunga iho tautoko katoa te hunga uiui ki aua mea katoa.

text: Ko ngā whakahokinga kōrero a te hunga uiui i roto i te akomanga rumaki i te Whare Wānanga o Waikato: He pūrongo mō ngā ui pātai Ko te whāinga matua o tēnei rangahau he whakakaokao, he wetewete āno hoki i ngā whakahokinga kōrero a te hunga uiui i kake atu ai ki runga i te waka o Te Tohu Paetahi i te tau 2008, i raro i te kōawa o Rehutai, i raro anō hoki i te maru o Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato. Ka aro atu ki ngā urupare a te hunga tekau mā ono mō te kaupapa nei o Te Tohu Paetahi, ka mutu, ka matapakihia ngā kōrero me ngā whakaaro o taua hunga kia āta kitea ai, āe rānei e tika ana te whakahaere, te mahi whakaako i te reo, te tautoko mai hoki a ngā kaiwhakaako me te kura. I te mutunga iho tautoko katoa te hunga uiui ki aua mea katoa.

year: 2017