title: Rejuvenating transatlantic strategic culture: Towards a new Atlanticism

authors: Burton, Joe

abstract: In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic new questions are being raised about how the transatlantic alliance can survive, adapt and evolve to meet the challenges of an increasingly turbulent century. NATO has initiated the NATO2030 process, a timely re-evaluation of its role in international affairs, and the European Union is implementing a range of new defence initiatives (EDF, PESCO, CARD) as well as developing a ‘Strategic Compass’, which aims to forge a common threat perception across the EU membership. A renewed focus on strategic culture undergirds these new initiatives. In 2017, President Emmanuel Macron urged Europe to develop a common strategic culture underpinned by new capabilities.² More recently, HR/VP Josep Borrell has called for a “shared strategic culture and empathy to understand the different points of view” of EU member states,³ and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said, “I believe we also need a PESCO in foreign policy – and a common strategic culture. There is no military short-cut to a sustainable order of peace.”⁴ In the 2020 Annual Report on CSDP, the European Parliament (EP) argued that, in order to achieve strategic autonomy, the EU needed to forge “a genuine strategic culture” by developing “adaptable, modular instruments which help bring strategic cultures closer together.”⁵

text: Rejuvenating transatlantic strategic culture: Towards a new Atlanticism In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic new questions are being raised about how the transatlantic alliance can survive, adapt and evolve to meet the challenges of an increasingly turbulent century. NATO has initiated the NATO2030 process, a timely re-evaluation of its role in international affairs, and the European Union is implementing a range of new defence initiatives (EDF, PESCO, CARD) as well as developing a ‘Strategic Compass’, which aims to forge a common threat perception across the EU membership. A renewed focus on strategic culture undergirds these new initiatives. In 2017, President Emmanuel Macron urged Europe to develop a common strategic culture underpinned by new capabilities.² More recently, HR/VP Josep Borrell has called for a “shared strategic culture and empathy to understand the different points of view” of EU member states,³ and European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said, “I believe we also need a PESCO in foreign policy – and a common strategic culture. There is no military short-cut to a sustainable order of peace.”⁴ In the 2020 Annual Report on CSDP, the European Parliament (EP) argued that, in order to achieve strategic autonomy, the EU needed to forge “a genuine strategic culture” by developing “adaptable, modular instruments which help bring strategic cultures closer together.”⁵

year: 2020

title: Development of microsatellite markers for Antarctic Bryum Hedw. species

authors: Harfoot, Rhodri T.

abstract: The objective of this thesis was to isolate microsatellite markers using the Glenn (2001) method from the species Bryum argenteum so as to be able to study these markers in Antarctic populations of Bryum species. Microsatellite regions have been found to be highly polymorphic and neutral markers, and usually genus specific, thus making them ideal for population genetic studies. The populations to be studied in the future have a large distribution over the Southern Victoria Land area, ranging from the Dry Valleys to Granite Harbour and Ross Island. 
Mosses are the most abundant and widespread of the vascular plant groups within continental Antarctica. They inhabit locations that are some of the more extreme on earth and experience periods of desiccation and darkness that can last as long as four months. For these reasons the establishment of mosses in Antarctica is a subject that has attracted great debate. One hypothesis suggests that mosses first became established when the ice retreated from the land approximately 17000 years ago, at the end of the last glacial maximum. The alternative hypothesis is that mosses survived as relictual populations over this period and have recently increased their habitat range. The study of microsatellite length polymorphism in populations will allow these hypotheses to be tested. 
The genus Bryum Hedw. (Bryaceae) is a highly polymorphic, cosmopolitan genus that is abundant in Antarctica over a wide range of locations. It is found from the Sub-Antarctic zone (Sub-Antarctic islands) to the continental zone (Continental Antarctica and Southern and Eastern Antarctic Peninsula. Thus covering a wide range of habitats from warm and wet (e.g. the Sub-Antarctic islands) to cold and very dry (e.g. the McMurdo Dry Valleys). 
To study the population genetics of Antarctic Bryum species, development of microsatellite markers was necessary as it has been found that with less specific methods such as RAPD-PCR, the DNA used for the analyses had been contaminated by co-extracted DNA from fungi living on the mosses, thus confounding the results obtained. Microsatellites, once developed, are genus or family specific, thus there is little risk of amplifying a contaminant when using microsatellite markers. Abstract 
This project failed to isolate any microsatellite markers from Bryum argenteum, due to experimental difficulties that occurred at three major stages; ligation, transformation and hybridisation screening of the genomic library. Future research should be focussed on completion of microsatellite isolation for this genus and on evaluation of the population relationships among Antarctic localities.

text: Development of microsatellite markers for Antarctic Bryum Hedw. species The objective of this thesis was to isolate microsatellite markers using the Glenn (2001) method from the species Bryum argenteum so as to be able to study these markers in Antarctic populations of Bryum species. Microsatellite regions have been found to be highly polymorphic and neutral markers, and usually genus specific, thus making them ideal for population genetic studies. The populations to be studied in the future have a large distribution over the Southern Victoria Land area, ranging from the Dry Valleys to Granite Harbour and Ross Island. 
Mosses are the most abundant and widespread of the vascular plant groups within continental Antarctica. They inhabit locations that are some of the more extreme on earth and experience periods of desiccation and darkness that can last as long as four months. For these reasons the establishment of mosses in Antarctica is a subject that has attracted great debate. One hypothesis suggests that mosses first became established when the ice retreated from the land approximately 17000 years ago, at the end of the last glacial maximum. The alternative hypothesis is that mosses survived as relictual populations over this period and have recently increased their habitat range. The study of microsatellite length polymorphism in populations will allow these hypotheses to be tested. 
The genus Bryum Hedw. (Bryaceae) is a highly polymorphic, cosmopolitan genus that is abundant in Antarctica over a wide range of locations. It is found from the Sub-Antarctic zone (Sub-Antarctic islands) to the continental zone (Continental Antarctica and Southern and Eastern Antarctic Peninsula. Thus covering a wide range of habitats from warm and wet (e.g. the Sub-Antarctic islands) to cold and very dry (e.g. the McMurdo Dry Valleys). 
To study the population genetics of Antarctic Bryum species, development of microsatellite markers was necessary as it has been found that with less specific methods such as RAPD-PCR, the DNA used for the analyses had been contaminated by co-extracted DNA from fungi living on the mosses, thus confounding the results obtained. Microsatellites, once developed, are genus or family specific, thus there is little risk of amplifying a contaminant when using microsatellite markers. Abstract 
This project failed to isolate any microsatellite markers from Bryum argenteum, due to experimental difficulties that occurred at three major stages; ligation, transformation and hybridisation screening of the genomic library. Future research should be focussed on completion of microsatellite isolation for this genus and on evaluation of the population relationships among Antarctic localities.

year: 2002

title: Mā ngā huruhuru ka rere te manu: Understanding leadership for critical educational reform in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Anderson, Zac Kylie Elizabeth

subjects: educational leadership

abstract: The research project presented in this thesis explores the leadership journeys of four first-time principals engaging in Kia Eke Panuku, a professional development initiative in English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand.  It seeks to understand the role these first-time principals play in insitutionalising to depth, educational reform to enable Māori students to pursue their potential as Māori under the Ka Hikitia imperative.  This thesis investigates the type of leadership required to achieve educational reform for Māori learners in Aotearoa, embedded in the inherent promise of the Treaty of Waitangi.
  
This thesis contends these principals contribute to educational reform by bringing criticality to their leadership and embracing an ongoing and iterative process of conscientisation and resistance, leading to transformative praxis.  These principals recognised their role as educators leading pedagogical change in their schools, as well as leading others within their sphere of influence to ultimately change the fabric of society in Aotearoa.  They both learned and led alongside each other, displaying an openness to embracing multiple worldviews with a deeply held moral imperative to eradicate oppression of Māori students.  Such a stance actively creates bicultural spaces within schools, where both Treaty partners can benefit from the principles of the Treaty promises.

text: Mā ngā huruhuru ka rere te manu: Understanding leadership for critical educational reform in Aotearoa New Zealand The research project presented in this thesis explores the leadership journeys of four first-time principals engaging in Kia Eke Panuku, a professional development initiative in English-medium secondary schools in Aotearoa New Zealand.  It seeks to understand the role these first-time principals play in insitutionalising to depth, educational reform to enable Māori students to pursue their potential as Māori under the Ka Hikitia imperative.  This thesis investigates the type of leadership required to achieve educational reform for Māori learners in Aotearoa, embedded in the inherent promise of the Treaty of Waitangi.
  
This thesis contends these principals contribute to educational reform by bringing criticality to their leadership and embracing an ongoing and iterative process of conscientisation and resistance, leading to transformative praxis.  These principals recognised their role as educators leading pedagogical change in their schools, as well as leading others within their sphere of influence to ultimately change the fabric of society in Aotearoa.  They both learned and led alongside each other, displaying an openness to embracing multiple worldviews with a deeply held moral imperative to eradicate oppression of Māori students.  Such a stance actively creates bicultural spaces within schools, where both Treaty partners can benefit from the principles of the Treaty promises.

year: 2018