title: How successful are government interventions in food markets? Insights from the Philippine Rice Market

authors: Yao, Richard

subjects: rice price policy

abstract: This paper investigates the Philippine government's price stabilization policy for rice. Seemingly unrelated regressions are used to examine the effectiveness of the program at regional and national levels over a 21-year period (January 1983 to December 2003). Results of the regional analysis indicate some National Food Authority (NFA)-induced spatial and temporal differences in terms of producer prices. The NFA successfully increased producer prices in 5 of 13 regions through stock accumulation and paddy rice purchase at floor prices. NFA stock releases do not correlate strongly with retail prices at the national level, although results from the regional model indicate NFA stock releases reduced retail prices in five regions. We argue that the NFA should concentrate its efforts in the poorest areas of the country, where it might exert greater and more useful influence in smaller and locally thin rice markets.

text: How successful are government interventions in food markets? Insights from the Philippine Rice Market This paper investigates the Philippine government's price stabilization policy for rice. Seemingly unrelated regressions are used to examine the effectiveness of the program at regional and national levels over a 21-year period (January 1983 to December 2003). Results of the regional analysis indicate some National Food Authority (NFA)-induced spatial and temporal differences in terms of producer prices. The NFA successfully increased producer prices in 5 of 13 regions through stock accumulation and paddy rice purchase at floor prices. NFA stock releases do not correlate strongly with retail prices at the national level, although results from the regional model indicate NFA stock releases reduced retail prices in five regions. We argue that the NFA should concentrate its efforts in the poorest areas of the country, where it might exert greater and more useful influence in smaller and locally thin rice markets.

year: 2007

title: On the number of solutions of exponential congruences

authors: Balog, Antal

subjects: Congruence

abstract: On the number of solutions of exponential congruences

text: On the number of solutions of exponential congruences On the number of solutions of exponential congruences

year: 2011

title: Rethinking English in Māori-medium education

authors: Hill, Richard Kenneth

subjects: Māori-medium

abstract: English language instruction in New Zealand's Māori-medium schools is controversial, with many schools either excluding it from their curriculum or adopting a tokenistic approach. Yet, how Māori-medium educators can best support their students' academic English language growth is still an under-researched and unresolved question. This paper reports on a project involving the English language transition programmes of three Māori-medium primary schools. Interviews and observations of key personnel within these schools revealed the components of their programmes, their perceptions of the need for English transition education and the issues they were facing in implementing English language instruction. The project found a direct relationship between levels of student language attainment and the quantity and quality of exposure to English instruction. Where an English programme occupied a significant place in a school's timetable and was staffed by teachers knowledgeable about the learning needs of bilingual students and how best to attend to these, the result was higher literacy scores and more satisfied students. This paper argues that planning English language outcomes for Māori-medium students is essential if becoming biliterate is an important aim. This planning must also be long-term, across all 13 years of the students' education.

text: Rethinking English in Māori-medium education English language instruction in New Zealand's Māori-medium schools is controversial, with many schools either excluding it from their curriculum or adopting a tokenistic approach. Yet, how Māori-medium educators can best support their students' academic English language growth is still an under-researched and unresolved question. This paper reports on a project involving the English language transition programmes of three Māori-medium primary schools. Interviews and observations of key personnel within these schools revealed the components of their programmes, their perceptions of the need for English transition education and the issues they were facing in implementing English language instruction. The project found a direct relationship between levels of student language attainment and the quantity and quality of exposure to English instruction. Where an English programme occupied a significant place in a school's timetable and was staffed by teachers knowledgeable about the learning needs of bilingual students and how best to attend to these, the result was higher literacy scores and more satisfied students. This paper argues that planning English language outcomes for Māori-medium students is essential if becoming biliterate is an important aim. This planning must also be long-term, across all 13 years of the students' education.

year: 2011