title: Second look – second think: a fresh look at video to support dialogic feedback in peer coaching

authors: Charteris, Jennifer

subjects: collaborative inquiry

abstract: This case study, concerning peer coaching for sustainable professional practice, utilised video to enable teachers 'deep learning' during peer coaching sessions. While the use of video is not a new tool for continuing professional development, this research employs a fresh way of using it. Teachers reflected on their learning process by watching video footage filmed during group peer coaching sessions. The study explores how this reflection with peers influenced the teachers' thinking and decision-making. Findings indicated that teacher participants were able to 'see' themselves thinking, becoming more explicitly aware of their peer coaching role and their own professional learning processes. This paper links strongly to the theme of this special, issue advancing that the use of video can enable teachers a unique opportunity to review and reflect on their positioning in their professional learning. The research recommends ongoing exploration of practices that afford teachers opportunities to develop metacognitive awareness and an agentic role in their own learning

text: Second look – second think: a fresh look at video to support dialogic feedback in peer coaching This case study, concerning peer coaching for sustainable professional practice, utilised video to enable teachers 'deep learning' during peer coaching sessions. While the use of video is not a new tool for continuing professional development, this research employs a fresh way of using it. Teachers reflected on their learning process by watching video footage filmed during group peer coaching sessions. The study explores how this reflection with peers influenced the teachers' thinking and decision-making. Findings indicated that teacher participants were able to 'see' themselves thinking, becoming more explicitly aware of their peer coaching role and their own professional learning processes. This paper links strongly to the theme of this special, issue advancing that the use of video can enable teachers a unique opportunity to review and reflect on their positioning in their professional learning. The research recommends ongoing exploration of practices that afford teachers opportunities to develop metacognitive awareness and an agentic role in their own learning

year: 2013

title: An analysis of the surface water resources of the upper Taieri River, Otago

authors: Simmers, I.

abstract: To plan a water resource survey data collection programme, it is vital to first establish the purpose for which the gathered data are to be used, and the degree of precision of the information at a particular confidence level that will be adequate. Purpose will determine the required data precision. Precision requirements will in turn dictate minimum record lengths of each variable necessary to estimate population parameters at a point, and the network density needed for parameter estimation over an area. 
This study is concerned with the data requirements and analyses for the planning of an irrigation scheme in the Maniototo Plains and Styx Basin, Central Otago. The 95 percent confidence level is adopted for required data precision. Allowable standard errors of population parameter estimates are stated to be 10 percent for streamflow and precipitation and five percent for temperature. 
Measured monthly, seasonal, and annual parameter values of these variables are summarised and discussed. Although the data collection networks are shown to be theoretically acceptable for most purposes, the measured data do not allow estimation of all the needed total - and sub-catchment population parameters at the required precision level. Record synthesis is necessary in order to increase the amount of information contained at this stage in the precipitation and streamflow data series. 
Techniques chosen for time series extension and spatial extrapolation are linear7 curvilinear and multiple regression analyses, water balance, conceptual and stochastic models. Each model is described, and limitations or advantages outlined. Also discussed are the theoretical aspects which concern precision of population parameter estimates from blended data, standard errors of prediction for synthetic records, and the relative simulation and prediction abilities of the models chosen. Split-record techniques are used to evaluate within and between model efficiencies. 
Addition of synthesised records to the precipitation and streamflow data series still does not permit estimates of all required population parameters at the levels of precision stated as needed. In some instances, record extension results in a decrease in statistical information. For design of any irrigation scheme to proceed now, therefore, the chosen error criteria must be judged too stringent for the Upper Taieri data. If the calculated standard errors cannot be accepted, all precipitation and streamflow records from the study area will require extension by additional observations.
 The study is also used as an opportunity to check the validity of commonly. accepted concepts of 'regional hydrology', at least within the East Otago Region. It is concluded that for low flows, hydrological homogeneity cannot be assumed to equate with uniformity of basin characteristics. Regions are better defined in terms of allowable areal variation for stated hydrological parameters. The study area is not hydrologically homogeneous by the defined criteria. Further, the boundaries of hydrologically similar regions vary dependent on which streamflow parameter is considered. 
Results are presented in British units throughout this study, since these are the units in which the basic data were measured and analysed.

text: An analysis of the surface water resources of the upper Taieri River, Otago To plan a water resource survey data collection programme, it is vital to first establish the purpose for which the gathered data are to be used, and the degree of precision of the information at a particular confidence level that will be adequate. Purpose will determine the required data precision. Precision requirements will in turn dictate minimum record lengths of each variable necessary to estimate population parameters at a point, and the network density needed for parameter estimation over an area. 
This study is concerned with the data requirements and analyses for the planning of an irrigation scheme in the Maniototo Plains and Styx Basin, Central Otago. The 95 percent confidence level is adopted for required data precision. Allowable standard errors of population parameter estimates are stated to be 10 percent for streamflow and precipitation and five percent for temperature. 
Measured monthly, seasonal, and annual parameter values of these variables are summarised and discussed. Although the data collection networks are shown to be theoretically acceptable for most purposes, the measured data do not allow estimation of all the needed total - and sub-catchment population parameters at the required precision level. Record synthesis is necessary in order to increase the amount of information contained at this stage in the precipitation and streamflow data series. 
Techniques chosen for time series extension and spatial extrapolation are linear7 curvilinear and multiple regression analyses, water balance, conceptual and stochastic models. Each model is described, and limitations or advantages outlined. Also discussed are the theoretical aspects which concern precision of population parameter estimates from blended data, standard errors of prediction for synthetic records, and the relative simulation and prediction abilities of the models chosen. Split-record techniques are used to evaluate within and between model efficiencies. 
Addition of synthesised records to the precipitation and streamflow data series still does not permit estimates of all required population parameters at the levels of precision stated as needed. In some instances, record extension results in a decrease in statistical information. For design of any irrigation scheme to proceed now, therefore, the chosen error criteria must be judged too stringent for the Upper Taieri data. If the calculated standard errors cannot be accepted, all precipitation and streamflow records from the study area will require extension by additional observations.
 The study is also used as an opportunity to check the validity of commonly. accepted concepts of 'regional hydrology', at least within the East Otago Region. It is concluded that for low flows, hydrological homogeneity cannot be assumed to equate with uniformity of basin characteristics. Regions are better defined in terms of allowable areal variation for stated hydrological parameters. The study area is not hydrologically homogeneous by the defined criteria. Further, the boundaries of hydrologically similar regions vary dependent on which streamflow parameter is considered. 
Results are presented in British units throughout this study, since these are the units in which the basic data were measured and analysed.

year: 1975

title: Translating Translations: A study of Ngā Rūpaiaha o Oma Kaiama, a Māori translation of the English version of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám

authors: Roa, Hariru Te Aroha

subjects: Translation

abstract: Omar Khayyám, a Persian poet who died in 1131, wrote a number of quatrains in Farsi which are regarded by some as representing the very summit of Sufism (that is, of the mystical dimension of Islamic thought) and by others as being essentially agnostic and hedonistic in nature. Those who are of the latter view are often strongly influenced by the ‘translation’ into English of some of these quatrains by Edward Fitzgerald, a British poet and writer whose first edition of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám appeared in 1859, at the height of the Victorian era. Although there have been several other translations of Khayyám’s quatrains, none has been as popular or, perhaps, as highly regarded as an artistic work as that of Fitzgerald. It has rarely, however, been regarded as a work that is faithful to the intent of the original. In deciding to translate into Māori Fitzgerald’s rendering into English of some of Khayyám’s Farsi quatrains (5th version), Pei Jones was faced with a peculiarly complex set of problems (linguistic, literary, cultural and religious). Pei Jones’ translation, a translation of a translation, is generally regarded as being faithful to Fitzgerald’s version of the Rubáiyát. It would appear, therefore, that he decided to treat Fitzgeralds’s text, in spite of the reference in its title to the original text, as his source text. This gives rise to a number of questions, including questions about what it means for a translator to be faithful or unfaithful to a source text. With particular reference to Pei Jones’ translation of Fitzgerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, this thesis explores the concept of ‘fidelity’, a concept that, it is argued here (see Chapter 3), is often treated in the literature on translation in a way that belies its extremely complex nature. The thesis proposes a new approach to the concept of fidelity, one that is based on nine fidelity types: grammatical, lexical, informational, metrical, imagistic, rhetorical, historical, didactic and functional fidelity. In terms of this nonagonal analytical model, twenty-five of Pei Jones’ quatrains are analysed in relation to the equivalent quatrains in Fitzgerald’s version (Chapter 4). The analysis indicates that Pei Jones’ translation has neither metrical fidelity (a consequence of the very different nature of the source and target languages) nor functional fidelity (a consequence of the very different expectations and sensibilities that a Māori audience has in relation to the verbal arts). Metre and function are both, however, fundamental to the enduring appeal of Fitzgerald’s quatrains. The overall conclusion is that since it is often impossible to achieve all nine types of fidelity, translators need to carefully consider what their primary aim is in undertaking the translation of artistic works and be prepared to sacrifice certain types of fidelity (e.g. historical and informational fidelity) in order to create a work that fulfils the aesthetic expectations of the target audience. Pei Jones was undeniably successful in achieving those types of fidelity that were possible. However, the work may have had more widespread appeal if he had sacrificed some of them in order to create a work that was more closely aligned with the aesthetic expectations of Māori readers.

text: Translating Translations: A study of Ngā Rūpaiaha o Oma Kaiama, a Māori translation of the English version of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám Omar Khayyám, a Persian poet who died in 1131, wrote a number of quatrains in Farsi which are regarded by some as representing the very summit of Sufism (that is, of the mystical dimension of Islamic thought) and by others as being essentially agnostic and hedonistic in nature. Those who are of the latter view are often strongly influenced by the ‘translation’ into English of some of these quatrains by Edward Fitzgerald, a British poet and writer whose first edition of the Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám appeared in 1859, at the height of the Victorian era. Although there have been several other translations of Khayyám’s quatrains, none has been as popular or, perhaps, as highly regarded as an artistic work as that of Fitzgerald. It has rarely, however, been regarded as a work that is faithful to the intent of the original. In deciding to translate into Māori Fitzgerald’s rendering into English of some of Khayyám’s Farsi quatrains (5th version), Pei Jones was faced with a peculiarly complex set of problems (linguistic, literary, cultural and religious). Pei Jones’ translation, a translation of a translation, is generally regarded as being faithful to Fitzgerald’s version of the Rubáiyát. It would appear, therefore, that he decided to treat Fitzgeralds’s text, in spite of the reference in its title to the original text, as his source text. This gives rise to a number of questions, including questions about what it means for a translator to be faithful or unfaithful to a source text. With particular reference to Pei Jones’ translation of Fitzgerald’s Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám, this thesis explores the concept of ‘fidelity’, a concept that, it is argued here (see Chapter 3), is often treated in the literature on translation in a way that belies its extremely complex nature. The thesis proposes a new approach to the concept of fidelity, one that is based on nine fidelity types: grammatical, lexical, informational, metrical, imagistic, rhetorical, historical, didactic and functional fidelity. In terms of this nonagonal analytical model, twenty-five of Pei Jones’ quatrains are analysed in relation to the equivalent quatrains in Fitzgerald’s version (Chapter 4). The analysis indicates that Pei Jones’ translation has neither metrical fidelity (a consequence of the very different nature of the source and target languages) nor functional fidelity (a consequence of the very different expectations and sensibilities that a Māori audience has in relation to the verbal arts). Metre and function are both, however, fundamental to the enduring appeal of Fitzgerald’s quatrains. The overall conclusion is that since it is often impossible to achieve all nine types of fidelity, translators need to carefully consider what their primary aim is in undertaking the translation of artistic works and be prepared to sacrifice certain types of fidelity (e.g. historical and informational fidelity) in order to create a work that fulfils the aesthetic expectations of the target audience. Pei Jones was undeniably successful in achieving those types of fidelity that were possible. However, the work may have had more widespread appeal if he had sacrificed some of them in order to create a work that was more closely aligned with the aesthetic expectations of Māori readers.

year: 2013