title: New Zealand

authors: Moffat, Kirstine

abstract: The New Zealand section of The Journal of Commonwealth Literature’s 2011 bibliographical issue.

text: New Zealand The New Zealand section of The Journal of Commonwealth Literature’s 2011 bibliographical issue.

year: 2011

title: Advancing NZ hospital seismic readiness: creating a post-earthquake functionality dashboard

authors: Mayer, Bethany

abstract: Continued functionality of critical infrastructure systems, such as hospitals, shortly after an earthquake is expected. However, experience indicates that there may be some disruption due to damage, outages, or access that vary in size and duration. While damage to structural components can have significant life safety and economic implications, damage to non-structural components or failures of the interconnected and interdependent supporting infrastructure systems can also have a substantial impact on the operability. A functionality dashboard to rapidly identify drops in functional performance is needed. The dashboard must be based on real and possible disruptions, including data from previous disruptive events. The dashboard utilises a functionality database and risk analysis tools to holistically predict a level of post-disaster functionality. Creating a functionality database from past earthquake events provides the necessary information to create a representative event tree of hospital performance. Drops in functionality are governed by fault trees that are created based on the data gathered in the functionality database. These tools provide the engine for a hospital functionality dashboard for estimating hospital functionality to scenario events. Use of the dashboard will help determine critical links between hospital components impacting functionality and provide needed information for improving facility design. It will also be useful for testing the implementation of emergency procedures linking the physical environment with human and organisation requirements.

text: Advancing NZ hospital seismic readiness: creating a post-earthquake functionality dashboard Continued functionality of critical infrastructure systems, such as hospitals, shortly after an earthquake is expected. However, experience indicates that there may be some disruption due to damage, outages, or access that vary in size and duration. While damage to structural components can have significant life safety and economic implications, damage to non-structural components or failures of the interconnected and interdependent supporting infrastructure systems can also have a substantial impact on the operability. A functionality dashboard to rapidly identify drops in functional performance is needed. The dashboard must be based on real and possible disruptions, including data from previous disruptive events. The dashboard utilises a functionality database and risk analysis tools to holistically predict a level of post-disaster functionality. Creating a functionality database from past earthquake events provides the necessary information to create a representative event tree of hospital performance. Drops in functionality are governed by fault trees that are created based on the data gathered in the functionality database. These tools provide the engine for a hospital functionality dashboard for estimating hospital functionality to scenario events. Use of the dashboard will help determine critical links between hospital components impacting functionality and provide needed information for improving facility design. It will also be useful for testing the implementation of emergency procedures linking the physical environment with human and organisation requirements.

year: 2022

title: Te whakahuatanga i te reo Māori: Kua ahatia e tātou i roto i ngā tau 100 kua hipa nei? (The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 Years?)

authors: Harlow, Ray

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: In the words of the proverb: 'The land remains, but humankind vanishes.' One should perhaps extend this to read: 'The land remains, humankind vanishes, and language changes.' For languages are old, handed down from one generation to another, but no matter what, they change. Present-day English is not Shakespeare's or Chaucer's language. The pronunciation has changed, new words have entered the language, some words have been lost, the grammar is now different. Māori is like that as well. Over the last two centuries, many aspects of the language have become different. Many words have been borrowed from English, and become part of the language. Many new words have been created in recent years to accommodate the new topics now being spoken about in Māori. Many words have changed their meaning, e.g., 'pūtea' originally a type of basket, but now a 'fund', source of money. In the grammar, there are now constructions being used which were not correct in earlier centuries.So far as the pronunciation is concerned, how is one to observe its development? That is the substance of a research project which has only just now begun, and it is the purpose of this paper to explain the nature of that research and show some of the preliminary findings. Hence the title: The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 years? The project is supported by the Marsden Research Fund.

text: Te whakahuatanga i te reo Māori: Kua ahatia e tātou i roto i ngā tau 100 kua hipa nei? (The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 Years?) In the words of the proverb: 'The land remains, but humankind vanishes.' One should perhaps extend this to read: 'The land remains, humankind vanishes, and language changes.' For languages are old, handed down from one generation to another, but no matter what, they change. Present-day English is not Shakespeare's or Chaucer's language. The pronunciation has changed, new words have entered the language, some words have been lost, the grammar is now different. Māori is like that as well. Over the last two centuries, many aspects of the language have become different. Many words have been borrowed from English, and become part of the language. Many new words have been created in recent years to accommodate the new topics now being spoken about in Māori. Many words have changed their meaning, e.g., 'pūtea' originally a type of basket, but now a 'fund', source of money. In the grammar, there are now constructions being used which were not correct in earlier centuries.So far as the pronunciation is concerned, how is one to observe its development? That is the substance of a research project which has only just now begun, and it is the purpose of this paper to explain the nature of that research and show some of the preliminary findings. Hence the title: The pronunciation of Māori: What have we done to it in the last 100 years? The project is supported by the Marsden Research Fund.

year: 2005-05