title: Life form and water source interact to determine active time and environment in cryptogams: an example from the maritime Antarctic

authors: Schlensog, Mark

subjects: Antarctica

abstract: Antarctica, with its almost pristine conditions and relatively simple vegetation, offers excellent opportunities to investigate the influence of environmental factors on species performance, such information being crucial if the effects of possible climate change are to be understood. Antarctic vegetation is mainly cryptogamic. Cryptogams are poikilohydric and are only metabolically and photosynthetically active when hydrated. Activity patterns of the main life forms present, bryophytes (10 species, ecto- and endohydric), lichens (5 species) and phanerogams (2 species), were monitored for 21 days using chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of metabolic activity and, therefore, of water regime at a mesic (hydration by meltwater) and a xeric (hydration by precipitation) site on Léonie Island/West Antarctic Peninsula (67°36′S). Length of activity depended mainly on site and form of hydration. Plants at the mesic site that were hydrated by meltwater were active for long periods, up to 100 % of the measurement period, whilst activity was much shorter at the xeric site where hydration was entirely by precipitation. There were also differences due to life form, with phanerogams and mesic bryophytes being most active and lichens generally much less so. The length of the active period for lichens was longer than in continental Antarctica but shorter than in the more northern Antarctic Peninsula. Light intensity when hydrated was positively related to the length of the active period. High activity species were strongly coupled to the incident light whilst low activity species were active under lower light levels and essentially uncoupled from incident light. Temperatures were little different between sites and also almost identical to temperatures, when active, for lichens in continental and peninsular Antarctica. Gradients in vegetation cover and growth rates across Antarctica are, therefore, not likely to be due to differences in temperature but more likely to the length of the hydrated (active) period. The strong effect on activity of the mode of hydration and the life form, plus the uncoupling from incident light for less active species, all make modelling of vegetation change with climate a more difficult exercise

text: Life form and water source interact to determine active time and environment in cryptogams: an example from the maritime Antarctic Antarctica, with its almost pristine conditions and relatively simple vegetation, offers excellent opportunities to investigate the influence of environmental factors on species performance, such information being crucial if the effects of possible climate change are to be understood. Antarctic vegetation is mainly cryptogamic. Cryptogams are poikilohydric and are only metabolically and photosynthetically active when hydrated. Activity patterns of the main life forms present, bryophytes (10 species, ecto- and endohydric), lichens (5 species) and phanerogams (2 species), were monitored for 21 days using chlorophyll a fluorescence as an indicator of metabolic activity and, therefore, of water regime at a mesic (hydration by meltwater) and a xeric (hydration by precipitation) site on Léonie Island/West Antarctic Peninsula (67°36′S). Length of activity depended mainly on site and form of hydration. Plants at the mesic site that were hydrated by meltwater were active for long periods, up to 100 % of the measurement period, whilst activity was much shorter at the xeric site where hydration was entirely by precipitation. There were also differences due to life form, with phanerogams and mesic bryophytes being most active and lichens generally much less so. The length of the active period for lichens was longer than in continental Antarctica but shorter than in the more northern Antarctic Peninsula. Light intensity when hydrated was positively related to the length of the active period. High activity species were strongly coupled to the incident light whilst low activity species were active under lower light levels and essentially uncoupled from incident light. Temperatures were little different between sites and also almost identical to temperatures, when active, for lichens in continental and peninsular Antarctica. Gradients in vegetation cover and growth rates across Antarctica are, therefore, not likely to be due to differences in temperature but more likely to the length of the hydrated (active) period. The strong effect on activity of the mode of hydration and the life form, plus the uncoupling from incident light for less active species, all make modelling of vegetation change with climate a more difficult exercise

year: 2013

title: Growing up arty: Exploring children's experiences in Baycourt Community & Arts Centre. Phase one research report.

authors: Dean, Bronya

abstract: This project was a collaboration between Tauranga City Council and the University of Waikato to explore the role Tauranga’s principal performing arts venue, Baycourt Community & Arts Centre (Baycourt) has played in children’s lives. The overall aim of the project is to understand the relationship between Baycourt and young people in Tauranga Moana. The project addresses arts, identity, belonging, inclusion, community, and cultural citizenship in relation to children, Baycourt and the city. Of the 76 people who responded to a survey, 53 had experienced Baycourt as a child or young person. 13 people took part in either individual or focus group interviews about their childhood experiences in Baycourt. Their memories provide rich insights into the importance of having a city theatre that is accessible for children. The key themes identified are: schools as pathways to Baycourt; feeling a sense of belonging; performance identities; and lasting and transformative childhood experiences. We end the report by highlighting the importance of Baycourt for children as a place ‘of becoming’: a performer; adult; and cultural citizen. Overwhelmingly, Baycourt provides a place where positive and transformative relationships and connections are made between children, adults, schools, communities, and the city.

text: Growing up arty: Exploring children's experiences in Baycourt Community & Arts Centre. Phase one research report. This project was a collaboration between Tauranga City Council and the University of Waikato to explore the role Tauranga’s principal performing arts venue, Baycourt Community & Arts Centre (Baycourt) has played in children’s lives. The overall aim of the project is to understand the relationship between Baycourt and young people in Tauranga Moana. The project addresses arts, identity, belonging, inclusion, community, and cultural citizenship in relation to children, Baycourt and the city. Of the 76 people who responded to a survey, 53 had experienced Baycourt as a child or young person. 13 people took part in either individual or focus group interviews about their childhood experiences in Baycourt. Their memories provide rich insights into the importance of having a city theatre that is accessible for children. The key themes identified are: schools as pathways to Baycourt; feeling a sense of belonging; performance identities; and lasting and transformative childhood experiences. We end the report by highlighting the importance of Baycourt for children as a place ‘of becoming’: a performer; adult; and cultural citizen. Overwhelmingly, Baycourt provides a place where positive and transformative relationships and connections are made between children, adults, schools, communities, and the city.

year: 2023

title: Aroha

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

abstract: Waita Tira (choral), Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell and Performed by Ōpotoki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group)

Waiata ā Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Pinepine Te Kura, Hau Te Kura
Mōteatea: Te Ao o Te Pārerā
Waiata ā Ringa: E pā to reo, Te Matatini, Herewini Parata
Poi: E ia e ia
Haka: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara
Whakawātea: Ōranga Tōiti, tōnui kōrero

text: Aroha Waita Tira (choral), Lyrics composed by Te Kahautu Maxwell and Performed by Ōpotoki Mai Tawhiti (Kapa Haka group)

Waiata ā Tira: Aroha
Whakaeke: Pinepine Te Kura, Hau Te Kura
Mōteatea: Te Ao o Te Pārerā
Waiata ā Ringa: E pā to reo, Te Matatini, Herewini Parata
Poi: E ia e ia
Haka: Te Kōtiritiri, Te Kōtaratara
Whakawātea: Ōranga Tōiti, tōnui kōrero

year: 2023-02-22