title: Variations of radiocarbon in tree rings: southern hemisphere offset preliminary results

authors: McCormac, F.G.

subjects: radiocarbon

abstract: The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland and University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand radiocarbon laboratories have undertaken a series of high-precision measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated oak (Quercus patrea) and cedar (Libocedrus bidwillii) from Great Britain and New Zealand, respectively. The results show a real atmospheric offset of 3.4 ± 0.6% (27.2 ± 4.7 ¹⁴C yr) between the two locations for the interval AD 1725 to AD 1885, with the Southern Hemisphere being depleted in ¹⁴C. This result is less than the value currently used to correct Southern Hemisphere calibrations, possibly indicating a gradient in Δ¹⁴C within the Southern Hemisphere.

text: Variations of radiocarbon in tree rings: southern hemisphere offset preliminary results The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland and University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand radiocarbon laboratories have undertaken a series of high-precision measurements on decadal samples of dendrochronologically dated oak (Quercus patrea) and cedar (Libocedrus bidwillii) from Great Britain and New Zealand, respectively. The results show a real atmospheric offset of 3.4 ± 0.6% (27.2 ± 4.7 ¹⁴C yr) between the two locations for the interval AD 1725 to AD 1885, with the Southern Hemisphere being depleted in ¹⁴C. This result is less than the value currently used to correct Southern Hemisphere calibrations, possibly indicating a gradient in Δ¹⁴C within the Southern Hemisphere.

year: 1998

title: Influences of respondent conditioning with packaging labels on preference for soft drink

authors: Neill-Woodd, Mikaela Alexandra

subjects: Behaviour Analysis

abstract: In this study a respondent conditioning procedure was used to pair three arbitrary symbols indirectly with emotive words. Stimuli consisted of words (A), consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables (B) and symbols (C) and were paired B-A and B-C. Participants were then presented with soft drink samples. A pre-tasting preference assessment was conducted in which the participants were asked which drink they would like to taste first, followed by a tasting and taste-test preference assessment. It was hypothesized that the respondent procedure would facilitate the transfer of function and the participants would prefer the positively labelled drink. A matching-to-sample one-to-many technique was used to test for stimulus equivalence (A-C). Twenty-two participants aged between 19 and 59 took part. Results showed that 13/22 participants met the 65% criterion for equivalence with 17/22 preferring to taste the positively labelled drink first. The results of the taste-test showed no significant effect between the three drink labels for the group results. A preference for the positively labelled drink over the neutral and negatively labelled drink was found among those who demonstrated equivalence and for the group results. Participants preferred the positively labelled drinks, followed by the neutral and negatively labelled drinks. Preference for the positive words was also indicated with 18/22 participants preferring the positive word, three preferring the neutral and one preferring the negative word. The current findings are consistent with previous research that suggests a stimulus pairing procedure is suitable for conditioning preference.

text: Influences of respondent conditioning with packaging labels on preference for soft drink In this study a respondent conditioning procedure was used to pair three arbitrary symbols indirectly with emotive words. Stimuli consisted of words (A), consonant-vowel-consonant nonsense syllables (B) and symbols (C) and were paired B-A and B-C. Participants were then presented with soft drink samples. A pre-tasting preference assessment was conducted in which the participants were asked which drink they would like to taste first, followed by a tasting and taste-test preference assessment. It was hypothesized that the respondent procedure would facilitate the transfer of function and the participants would prefer the positively labelled drink. A matching-to-sample one-to-many technique was used to test for stimulus equivalence (A-C). Twenty-two participants aged between 19 and 59 took part. Results showed that 13/22 participants met the 65% criterion for equivalence with 17/22 preferring to taste the positively labelled drink first. The results of the taste-test showed no significant effect between the three drink labels for the group results. A preference for the positively labelled drink over the neutral and negatively labelled drink was found among those who demonstrated equivalence and for the group results. Participants preferred the positively labelled drinks, followed by the neutral and negatively labelled drinks. Preference for the positive words was also indicated with 18/22 participants preferring the positive word, three preferring the neutral and one preferring the negative word. The current findings are consistent with previous research that suggests a stimulus pairing procedure is suitable for conditioning preference.

year: 2018

title: Whanau Maori explain how the Harti Hauora Tool assists with better access to health services (vol 25, pg 471, 2019)

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: In this paper, whānau Māori highlight how a Kaupapa Māori-centred intervention (the Harti Hauora Tamariki tool, hereafter Harti tool) has improved interactions with health services. The Harti tool is undergoing a randomised control trial (RCT) at Waikato Hospital in New Zealand. As part of the RCT, the authors engaged in a series of qualitative interviews with whānau members of tamariki Māori (children aged 0–5 years) admitted to Waikato Hospital’s paediatric ward. Whānau who met at least one criteria for New Zealand’s domains of deprivation were included. Using a Kaupapa Māori approach to the study, participants shared their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing health resources and primary care services. The interviews conducted highlight how the Harti tool, when administered in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner that prioritised relationship-building, enabled better connection to healthcare services. Prevalent in our analysis were connections to wider determinants of health and ways to reduce existing health inequities. To conclude the paper, how the Harti tool has enhanced feelings of being in control of health, with the potential to reduce the likelihood of a hospital readmission, is highlighted.

text: Whanau Maori explain how the Harti Hauora Tool assists with better access to health services (vol 25, pg 471, 2019) In this paper, whānau Māori highlight how a Kaupapa Māori-centred intervention (the Harti Hauora Tamariki tool, hereafter Harti tool) has improved interactions with health services. The Harti tool is undergoing a randomised control trial (RCT) at Waikato Hospital in New Zealand. As part of the RCT, the authors engaged in a series of qualitative interviews with whānau members of tamariki Māori (children aged 0–5 years) admitted to Waikato Hospital’s paediatric ward. Whānau who met at least one criteria for New Zealand’s domains of deprivation were included. Using a Kaupapa Māori approach to the study, participants shared their views on barriers and facilitators to accessing health resources and primary care services. The interviews conducted highlight how the Harti tool, when administered in a culturally appropriate and respectful manner that prioritised relationship-building, enabled better connection to healthcare services. Prevalent in our analysis were connections to wider determinants of health and ways to reduce existing health inequities. To conclude the paper, how the Harti tool has enhanced feelings of being in control of health, with the potential to reduce the likelihood of a hospital readmission, is highlighted.

year: 2019