title: An investigation into the effects of tootling for instruction- following and on-task student behaviour in a New Zealand primary school

authors: Enright , Candace Jena

abstract: This study aimed to extend the literature on tootling interventions within a New Zealand. In a tootling procedure, students are taught how to report on their peers’ prosocial behaviours, which is combined with public posting and inter-dependent group contingency components. This focus of this study was to determine if tootling affected the keystone skill of instruction-following for three target students and their comparison peers in one primary classroom. Additionally, on-task behaviour, teacher praise statements and teacher stress were measured in an A-B-A-B-C-D reversal design with a fading and follow-up phase. Increases in instruction-following and on-task behaviour occurred for two of the three target students and their peers. Mixed results were reported concerning teacher praise statements and teacher stress. Both the teacher and the students viewed the intervention as socially acceptable, and treatment integrity remained high across all phases. Strengths, limitations, and implications for further practice are discussed.

text: An investigation into the effects of tootling for instruction- following and on-task student behaviour in a New Zealand primary school This study aimed to extend the literature on tootling interventions within a New Zealand. In a tootling procedure, students are taught how to report on their peers’ prosocial behaviours, which is combined with public posting and inter-dependent group contingency components. This focus of this study was to determine if tootling affected the keystone skill of instruction-following for three target students and their comparison peers in one primary classroom. Additionally, on-task behaviour, teacher praise statements and teacher stress were measured in an A-B-A-B-C-D reversal design with a fading and follow-up phase. Increases in instruction-following and on-task behaviour occurred for two of the three target students and their peers. Mixed results were reported concerning teacher praise statements and teacher stress. Both the teacher and the students viewed the intervention as socially acceptable, and treatment integrity remained high across all phases. Strengths, limitations, and implications for further practice are discussed.

year: 2023

title: Origins and development of the lakes

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: Because of a turbulent and complex recent geological history, New Zealand has an impressively diverse and dynamic landscape, and a correspondingly wide array of lake types, within a small land area (Irwin 1975a; Soons & Selby 1982;). The development of such an active geological environment in New Zealand has been governed largely by its location athwart the Australian and Pacific plate boundary, and its maritime mid-latitude position has made it particularly sensitive to the climatic fluctations and associated glaciations and sea level changes of the Quaternary Period (Suggate et al. 1978). At present, the rates of uplift and erosion of mountainous areas are among the fastest in the world. Earthquakes are common, and volcanism has characterised much of the North Island during the Quaternary with numerous volcanoes active in the last few thousand years. Large, explosive caldera volcanoes in central North Island have erupted repeatedly over the last million years, producing voluminous amounts of lava and widespread pyroclastic deposits. The landforms, soils and lakes are thus typically youthful, almost all being younger than two million years; indeed, much of the landscape is of late Pleistocene and Holocene age, and is still actively developing (Pillans et al. 1982).

Our purpose in this chapter is to outline the relationship between these often violent and spectacular geological processes which have led to the formation and development of the various lake types in New Zealand. Against this background we describe the classification and distribution of the main lake types, their ages and mechanisms of formation. We also comment on lake sedimentation patterns, palaeolimnological studies, and on features of lake bathymetry and morphology.

text: Origins and development of the lakes Because of a turbulent and complex recent geological history, New Zealand has an impressively diverse and dynamic landscape, and a correspondingly wide array of lake types, within a small land area (Irwin 1975a; Soons & Selby 1982;). The development of such an active geological environment in New Zealand has been governed largely by its location athwart the Australian and Pacific plate boundary, and its maritime mid-latitude position has made it particularly sensitive to the climatic fluctations and associated glaciations and sea level changes of the Quaternary Period (Suggate et al. 1978). At present, the rates of uplift and erosion of mountainous areas are among the fastest in the world. Earthquakes are common, and volcanism has characterised much of the North Island during the Quaternary with numerous volcanoes active in the last few thousand years. Large, explosive caldera volcanoes in central North Island have erupted repeatedly over the last million years, producing voluminous amounts of lava and widespread pyroclastic deposits. The landforms, soils and lakes are thus typically youthful, almost all being younger than two million years; indeed, much of the landscape is of late Pleistocene and Holocene age, and is still actively developing (Pillans et al. 1982).

Our purpose in this chapter is to outline the relationship between these often violent and spectacular geological processes which have led to the formation and development of the various lake types in New Zealand. Against this background we describe the classification and distribution of the main lake types, their ages and mechanisms of formation. We also comment on lake sedimentation patterns, palaeolimnological studies, and on features of lake bathymetry and morphology.

year: 1987

title: Co-constructions of gender and ethnicity in New Zealand television advertising

authors: Michelle, Carolyn

subjects: television advertising

abstract: This paper reports key findings from a content analysis of gender and ethnic depictions in a sample of 2,120 New Zealand prime-time television advertisements screened in 2006. The study explored the following questions: With what product categories are male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters most commonly associated? What are the most common occupational roles of male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters? The results reveal highly stereotypical depictions of women and men within each ethnic category. White men dominated advertisements for foodstuffs, telecommunications and financial/corporate/legal services and were over-represented as professionals/white collar workers, while White women were over-represented in advertisements for household products, personal products, and medical products and featured predominantly as homemakers. Māori/Pasifika men were over-represented as athletes and service and sales workers. Non-White women featured prominently within multi-ethnic groups in advertisements for personal grooming products and most frequently featured as glamour models, while non-White men were over-represented as blue collar workers. Largely absent were Māori/Pasifika women and Asians of both genders, potentially exacerbating the multiple axes of subordination encountered by these groups in the New Zealand context.

text: Co-constructions of gender and ethnicity in New Zealand television advertising This paper reports key findings from a content analysis of gender and ethnic depictions in a sample of 2,120 New Zealand prime-time television advertisements screened in 2006. The study explored the following questions: With what product categories are male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters most commonly associated? What are the most common occupational roles of male and female White, Māori/Pasifika and Asian characters? The results reveal highly stereotypical depictions of women and men within each ethnic category. White men dominated advertisements for foodstuffs, telecommunications and financial/corporate/legal services and were over-represented as professionals/white collar workers, while White women were over-represented in advertisements for household products, personal products, and medical products and featured predominantly as homemakers. Māori/Pasifika men were over-represented as athletes and service and sales workers. Non-White women featured prominently within multi-ethnic groups in advertisements for personal grooming products and most frequently featured as glamour models, while non-White men were over-represented as blue collar workers. Largely absent were Māori/Pasifika women and Asians of both genders, potentially exacerbating the multiple axes of subordination encountered by these groups in the New Zealand context.

year: 2011