title: Tongan Business Obligation: Across a sea of enterprise

authors: Fili, Rosemarie Louise

subjects: Business, obligation, challenges,

abstract: Dubbed as the only remaining monarchy in the South Pacific. The Kingdom of Tonga seeks to provide a unique history, tradition and culture. Economically though, Tonga comes in as one of the ‘least developed countries’ in the world. This research seeks to provide small to medium size businesses as the solution to reforming Tonga’s economic disposition. Prior literature has identified cultural obligation as what impedes business success. However, employing the Talanoa methodological approach, within grounded theory, secondary literature and interpretive paradigm, this research disproves cultural obligation as the only cause to business failure. Tongan business is ingrained within the Tongan way (anga-fakaTonga) of being, therefore, cultural obligation is a way of life. Furthermore, other challenges such as book keeping, management, and government assistance seeks to also contribute to the failure of Tongan business; to which business owners have provided various solutions in this study. A total of thirty-eight research samples participated in updating and conceptualizing the understanding of Tongan business especially in regards to its cultural diversity. Future research into Tongan business is need especially in comparison to western businesses.

text: Tongan Business Obligation: Across a sea of enterprise Dubbed as the only remaining monarchy in the South Pacific. The Kingdom of Tonga seeks to provide a unique history, tradition and culture. Economically though, Tonga comes in as one of the ‘least developed countries’ in the world. This research seeks to provide small to medium size businesses as the solution to reforming Tonga’s economic disposition. Prior literature has identified cultural obligation as what impedes business success. However, employing the Talanoa methodological approach, within grounded theory, secondary literature and interpretive paradigm, this research disproves cultural obligation as the only cause to business failure. Tongan business is ingrained within the Tongan way (anga-fakaTonga) of being, therefore, cultural obligation is a way of life. Furthermore, other challenges such as book keeping, management, and government assistance seeks to also contribute to the failure of Tongan business; to which business owners have provided various solutions in this study. A total of thirty-eight research samples participated in updating and conceptualizing the understanding of Tongan business especially in regards to its cultural diversity. Future research into Tongan business is need especially in comparison to western businesses.

year: 2017

title: Reprocessing of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Part I: Effects on physical and mechanical properties

authors: Beg, Mohammad Dalour Hossen

subjects: natural fibre composites

abstract: This paper describes the effects of reprocessing on the physical and mechanical properties of composites based on radiata pine (Pinus radiata) fibre in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Composites, containing either 40 wt% or 50 wt% fibre with 4 wt% maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent, were reprocessed up to eight times. For composites with 40 wt% fibre, tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM) were found to decrease with increased reprocessing by up to 25% for TS and 17% for YM (after reprocessed eight times). Flexural tests were also carried out for 40 wt% fibre composites and flexural strength and modulus were found to decrease with increased reprocessing. Although, TS was lower for virgin composites with 50 wt% fibre than for those with 40 wt% fibre, this initially increased with reprocessing by up to 14% (after reprocessed two times), but then decreased with further reprocessing, and an overall 11% reduction of TS was found after reprocessing eight times compared to the virgin composites. YM was higher for virgin composites with 50 wt% than those with for 40 wt% fibre and also initially increased with reprocessing but decreased upon further reprocessing. Reprocessing was found to increase thermal stability. The TS of composites made by combining reprocessed with virgin materials was also assessed.

text: Reprocessing of wood fibre reinforced polypropylene composites. Part I: Effects on physical and mechanical properties This paper describes the effects of reprocessing on the physical and mechanical properties of composites based on radiata pine (Pinus radiata) fibre in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. Composites, containing either 40 wt% or 50 wt% fibre with 4 wt% maleated polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent, were reprocessed up to eight times. For composites with 40 wt% fibre, tensile strength (TS) and Young’s modulus (YM) were found to decrease with increased reprocessing by up to 25% for TS and 17% for YM (after reprocessed eight times). Flexural tests were also carried out for 40 wt% fibre composites and flexural strength and modulus were found to decrease with increased reprocessing. Although, TS was lower for virgin composites with 50 wt% fibre than for those with 40 wt% fibre, this initially increased with reprocessing by up to 14% (after reprocessed two times), but then decreased with further reprocessing, and an overall 11% reduction of TS was found after reprocessing eight times compared to the virgin composites. YM was higher for virgin composites with 50 wt% than those with for 40 wt% fibre and also initially increased with reprocessing but decreased upon further reprocessing. Reprocessing was found to increase thermal stability. The TS of composites made by combining reprocessed with virgin materials was also assessed.

year: 2008

title: Indigenous psychologies globally – a perspective from Aotearoa/New Zealand

authors: Nikora, Linda Waimarie

subjects: Maori

abstract: Discusses indigenous psychology from a global perspective and then from the perspective of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

text: Indigenous psychologies globally – a perspective from Aotearoa/New Zealand Discusses indigenous psychology from a global perspective and then from the perspective of Aotearoa/New Zealand.

year: 2004-06