title: Restoring Indigneous Law and Justice Traditions

authors: Cook, Michelle Lynn

subjects: Indigenous peoples

abstract: Restoring indigenous people's law and their ability to practice their justice traditions is a fundamental aspect of non-discrimination, decolonization, self-governance, self-determination, and social justice. The critical application and interpretation of indigenous people's law has revolutionary potentiality to transform, confront, and heal multiple forms of oppression such as environmental destruction, patriarchy, and the prison/criminal justice system. The sovereign jurisgenerative (law making) power of indigenous peoples is a site of profound hope for the revitalization of indigenous law and justice traditions restores legal principles and values of sacredness, harmony, balance, and interconnectivity within human relationships and with the natural world. Revitalizing indigenous law is a way to re-construct the self and society while also finding and re-connecting to new/old ways of being human. This thesis focuses on both Navajo and Māori practices and visions of law and justice; the challenges and, successes they have faced and the hopes they have of living by their law. Indigenous peoples, their ways of being, their wisdom, laws, and philosophies, must be respected, protected, and preserved not only because they contribute to humanity's richness and cultural diversity but also because they are living examples of  a more just, dignified, and ecologically sustainable society, which can serve all humanity.

text: Restoring Indigneous Law and Justice Traditions Restoring indigenous people's law and their ability to practice their justice traditions is a fundamental aspect of non-discrimination, decolonization, self-governance, self-determination, and social justice. The critical application and interpretation of indigenous people's law has revolutionary potentiality to transform, confront, and heal multiple forms of oppression such as environmental destruction, patriarchy, and the prison/criminal justice system. The sovereign jurisgenerative (law making) power of indigenous peoples is a site of profound hope for the revitalization of indigenous law and justice traditions restores legal principles and values of sacredness, harmony, balance, and interconnectivity within human relationships and with the natural world. Revitalizing indigenous law is a way to re-construct the self and society while also finding and re-connecting to new/old ways of being human. This thesis focuses on both Navajo and Māori practices and visions of law and justice; the challenges and, successes they have faced and the hopes they have of living by their law. Indigenous peoples, their ways of being, their wisdom, laws, and philosophies, must be respected, protected, and preserved not only because they contribute to humanity's richness and cultural diversity but also because they are living examples of  a more just, dignified, and ecologically sustainable society, which can serve all humanity.

year: 2010

title: He Pikinga Waiora Kimi Ora lifestyle programme: Case study of a successful community-based indigenous diabetes intervention.

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

subjects: Diabetes

abstract: ABSTRACT 
AIM: To co-design and implement a whānau-centred, community-based lifestyle programme (Kimi Ora) intended to ensure no worsening of HbA1c and to improve wellbeing for Māori whānau and communities with diabetes or pre-diabetes. 
METHODS: Māori healthcare providers, community members, research advisors and wider stakeholders used a co-design process underpinned by He Pikinga Waiora to collaboratively develop and implement Kimi Ora Control group comparisons and participants were recruited from Te Kōhao Health. Multi-method monitoring and collection captured individual, whānau and community data. 
RESULTS: Kimi Ora was run in two communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. In total, there were 35 participants who took part in an eight-week programme offered five times alongside a comparison group comprising 21 participants. Kimi Ora resulted in significant improvements on all biomedical measures compared to baseline, and participants had gains relative to the comparison group for variables including weight, BMI, blood pressure and waist measurement. Of particular note was the 100% retention rate and sustained community support for Kimi Ora. 
CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes from Kimi Ora demonstrate this programme, which was actively tailored for and worked with Māori communities in a responsive and flexible manner, resulted in successful biomedical outcomes, high engagement and high retention.

text: He Pikinga Waiora Kimi Ora lifestyle programme: Case study of a successful community-based indigenous diabetes intervention. ABSTRACT 
AIM: To co-design and implement a whānau-centred, community-based lifestyle programme (Kimi Ora) intended to ensure no worsening of HbA1c and to improve wellbeing for Māori whānau and communities with diabetes or pre-diabetes. 
METHODS: Māori healthcare providers, community members, research advisors and wider stakeholders used a co-design process underpinned by He Pikinga Waiora to collaboratively develop and implement Kimi Ora Control group comparisons and participants were recruited from Te Kōhao Health. Multi-method monitoring and collection captured individual, whānau and community data. 
RESULTS: Kimi Ora was run in two communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. In total, there were 35 participants who took part in an eight-week programme offered five times alongside a comparison group comprising 21 participants. Kimi Ora resulted in significant improvements on all biomedical measures compared to baseline, and participants had gains relative to the comparison group for variables including weight, BMI, blood pressure and waist measurement. Of particular note was the 100% retention rate and sustained community support for Kimi Ora. 
CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes from Kimi Ora demonstrate this programme, which was actively tailored for and worked with Māori communities in a responsive and flexible manner, resulted in successful biomedical outcomes, high engagement and high retention.

year: 2021-11-12

title: Tests of predictions made by the Equilibrium Model for the effect of temperature on enzyme activity

authors: Oudshoorn, Matthew Leslie

subjects: enzymes

abstract: The Classical Model describing the effects of temperature on enzyme activity consists of two processes: the catalytic reaction defined by ΔG cat and irreversible inactivation defined by ΔG inact, this model however, does not account for the observed temperature- dependant behaviour of enzymes. The recent development of the Equilibrium Model is governed not only by ΔG cat and ΔG inact but also by two new intrinsic parameters ΔHeq and Teq, which describe the enthalpy and the temperature of the midpoint, respectively, of a active and reversibly inactive enzyme transition. Teq is central to the physiological adaptation of an enzyme to its environmental temperature and links the molecular, physiological and environmental aspects of life to temperature in a way that has not been previously possible. The Equilibrium Model is therefore a more complete and accurate description of the effects of temperature on enzymes, it has provided new tools for describing and investigating enzyme thermal adaptation and possibly new biotechnological tools.

The effects of the incorporating in the new Model of the parameters Teq and ΔH eq yield major differences from the Classical Model, with simulated data calculated according to the Equilibrium Model fitting well to experimental data and showing an initial rate temperature optimum that is independent of assay duration. Simulated data simulated according to the Classical Model can not be fitted to experimental data. All enzymes so far studied (gt30) display behaviour predicted by the Equilibrium Model.

The research described here has set out to: experimentally test observations made by Eisenthal et al., on the basis of enzyme reactor data simulated according to the Equilibrium Model; to test the Equilibrium Model using an unusual (rapidly renaturable) enzyme, RNAase; and to test the proposed molecular basis of the Equilibrium Model by examining the effect of a change at the enzymes active site.

The experimental results gathered here on the effect of time and temperature on enzyme reactor output confirm the predictions made by Eisenthal et al. (2006) and indicate that the Equilibrium Model can be a useful aid in predicting reactor performance. The Equilibrium Model depends upon the acquisition of data on the variation of the Vmax of an enzyme with time and temperature, and the non-ideal behaviour of RNase A made it impossible to collect such data for this enzyme, as a result the Equilibrium Model could not be applied. The disulfide bond within the active site cleft of A.k 1 protease was cleaved as a probe of the mechanism of the Equilibrium Model, which is proposed to arise from molecular changes at the enzymes active site. Support for the proposed mechanism was gained through the comparison of experimentally determined temperature dependence of the native and reduced forms of the enzyme and application of this data to the Equilibrium Model.

text: Tests of predictions made by the Equilibrium Model for the effect of temperature on enzyme activity The Classical Model describing the effects of temperature on enzyme activity consists of two processes: the catalytic reaction defined by ΔG cat and irreversible inactivation defined by ΔG inact, this model however, does not account for the observed temperature- dependant behaviour of enzymes. The recent development of the Equilibrium Model is governed not only by ΔG cat and ΔG inact but also by two new intrinsic parameters ΔHeq and Teq, which describe the enthalpy and the temperature of the midpoint, respectively, of a active and reversibly inactive enzyme transition. Teq is central to the physiological adaptation of an enzyme to its environmental temperature and links the molecular, physiological and environmental aspects of life to temperature in a way that has not been previously possible. The Equilibrium Model is therefore a more complete and accurate description of the effects of temperature on enzymes, it has provided new tools for describing and investigating enzyme thermal adaptation and possibly new biotechnological tools.

The effects of the incorporating in the new Model of the parameters Teq and ΔH eq yield major differences from the Classical Model, with simulated data calculated according to the Equilibrium Model fitting well to experimental data and showing an initial rate temperature optimum that is independent of assay duration. Simulated data simulated according to the Classical Model can not be fitted to experimental data. All enzymes so far studied (gt30) display behaviour predicted by the Equilibrium Model.

The research described here has set out to: experimentally test observations made by Eisenthal et al., on the basis of enzyme reactor data simulated according to the Equilibrium Model; to test the Equilibrium Model using an unusual (rapidly renaturable) enzyme, RNAase; and to test the proposed molecular basis of the Equilibrium Model by examining the effect of a change at the enzymes active site.

The experimental results gathered here on the effect of time and temperature on enzyme reactor output confirm the predictions made by Eisenthal et al. (2006) and indicate that the Equilibrium Model can be a useful aid in predicting reactor performance. The Equilibrium Model depends upon the acquisition of data on the variation of the Vmax of an enzyme with time and temperature, and the non-ideal behaviour of RNase A made it impossible to collect such data for this enzyme, as a result the Equilibrium Model could not be applied. The disulfide bond within the active site cleft of A.k 1 protease was cleaved as a probe of the mechanism of the Equilibrium Model, which is proposed to arise from molecular changes at the enzymes active site. Support for the proposed mechanism was gained through the comparison of experimentally determined temperature dependence of the native and reduced forms of the enzyme and application of this data to the Equilibrium Model.

year: 2008