title: Evaluating power in development programmes

authors: Simon-Kumar, Rachel

subjects: discourse

abstract: SINCE the mid-1990s, there has been a growing interest in, and use of discourse theories within development studies to understand contexts of power inequalities between individuals, groups and institutions. Banded together, several genres of scholarship which can be considered ‘discourse theories’ have emerged – post-development, post-positivist policy analysis, critical/sub-altern theorisations, post-structuralism, post-modernism and their feminist variants, among others – all of which draw some, if not the main bulk, of their core ideas from the perspectives derived by Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and his social/ linguistic/philosophical analyses.

text: Evaluating power in development programmes SINCE the mid-1990s, there has been a growing interest in, and use of discourse theories within development studies to understand contexts of power inequalities between individuals, groups and institutions. Banded together, several genres of scholarship which can be considered ‘discourse theories’ have emerged – post-development, post-positivist policy analysis, critical/sub-altern theorisations, post-structuralism, post-modernism and their feminist variants, among others – all of which draw some, if not the main bulk, of their core ideas from the perspectives derived by Michel Foucault (1926-1984) and his social/ linguistic/philosophical analyses.

year: 2007

title: Removal of flatulence causing sugars in soymilk

authors: Rajan, Anila

subjects: Alpha -galactosidase

abstract: The enzyme, alpha-galactosidase was extracted from peanuts using various buffers
and solvents. The specific activity of soluble preparation of peanut ranged from
0.0083 to 0.0606 U/mg. Phosphate buffer extract showed the maximum specific
activity of 0.0606 U/mg. The soluble alpha-galactosidase was immobilised in calcium
alginate beads and the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was found to
be 0.0808 U/mg. Activity yield was 33%. The immobilised enzyme showed
increase in activity compared with the soluble enzyme above 35 C. The thermal
stability of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was significantly improved in
comparison to the soluble form. The effect of different pH depicts that at acidic
pH the activity of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was higher than that of the
soluble enzyme. The Km and Vmax for immobilised enzyme was higher when
compared with the soluble enzyme. Immobilised alpha-galactosidase retained 20%
activity after 7 repeated uses. The immobilised enzyme exhibited high storage
stability. The immobilised enzyme was used in batch and continuous packed bed
reactors for the hydrolysis of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Flatulence
causing raffinose and stachyose, after hydrolysis, was removed to a remarkable
extent. Hydrolysis of flatulence causing oligosaccharides of soymilk in a
continuous packed bed reactor has not been attempted previously.

text: Removal of flatulence causing sugars in soymilk The enzyme, alpha-galactosidase was extracted from peanuts using various buffers
and solvents. The specific activity of soluble preparation of peanut ranged from
0.0083 to 0.0606 U/mg. Phosphate buffer extract showed the maximum specific
activity of 0.0606 U/mg. The soluble alpha-galactosidase was immobilised in calcium
alginate beads and the specific activity of the immobilized enzyme was found to
be 0.0808 U/mg. Activity yield was 33%. The immobilised enzyme showed
increase in activity compared with the soluble enzyme above 35 C. The thermal
stability of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was significantly improved in
comparison to the soluble form. The effect of different pH depicts that at acidic
pH the activity of the immobilised alpha-galactosidase was higher than that of the
soluble enzyme. The Km and Vmax for immobilised enzyme was higher when
compared with the soluble enzyme. Immobilised alpha-galactosidase retained 20%
activity after 7 repeated uses. The immobilised enzyme exhibited high storage
stability. The immobilised enzyme was used in batch and continuous packed bed
reactors for the hydrolysis of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Flatulence
causing raffinose and stachyose, after hydrolysis, was removed to a remarkable
extent. Hydrolysis of flatulence causing oligosaccharides of soymilk in a
continuous packed bed reactor has not been attempted previously.

year: 2009

title: Identifying fisheries regions in New Zealand: Some conceptual difficulties

authors: Rennie, Hamish Gordon

subjects: Fisheries

abstract: The importance of fisheries to nations is reflected in the production and employment statistics of the country. It is also reflected in socio-cultural symbols (for instance songs, tales), and in socio-political hegemonies.  Just as these may vary from one nation to another, they may also vary from region to region within a nation.  Several nations speak openly in terms of 'fisheries regions' and there have been a number of attempts to identify such regions in the social science literature. An understanding of these regions is seen as step towards defining appropriate policies for the sustainable management of their resources.

In 1986, New Zealand established an innovative fishery management system based on individually transferable quota (ITQ), and subsequently removed the (never-implemented) region-based, fishery management planning structure from the statutes.  These changes might be indicative of a loss of geography, a flattening of the nation's "fishing topography", and might be expected to result in significant changes to the nature and location of fisheries regions.

This paper outlines the changes in the management structure of New Zealand's fisheries. We then attempt a preliminary analysis of fisheries regions in New Zealand as the basis for a "new regional" geography of New Zealand's fisheries. In the process we discuss various criteria for defining fishery regions and present our initial categorisation of New Zealand into those regions. The relationship between these regions and related institutional structures is then discussed. This raises a number of additional questions regarding the concept of a fisheries region, especially in the context of a resurgent indigenous (Maaori) culture, the emergence of new fishing peoples in New Zealand, and the respective size of recreational and commercial fishing sectors.

text: Identifying fisheries regions in New Zealand: Some conceptual difficulties The importance of fisheries to nations is reflected in the production and employment statistics of the country. It is also reflected in socio-cultural symbols (for instance songs, tales), and in socio-political hegemonies.  Just as these may vary from one nation to another, they may also vary from region to region within a nation.  Several nations speak openly in terms of 'fisheries regions' and there have been a number of attempts to identify such regions in the social science literature. An understanding of these regions is seen as step towards defining appropriate policies for the sustainable management of their resources.

In 1986, New Zealand established an innovative fishery management system based on individually transferable quota (ITQ), and subsequently removed the (never-implemented) region-based, fishery management planning structure from the statutes.  These changes might be indicative of a loss of geography, a flattening of the nation's "fishing topography", and might be expected to result in significant changes to the nature and location of fisheries regions.

This paper outlines the changes in the management structure of New Zealand's fisheries. We then attempt a preliminary analysis of fisheries regions in New Zealand as the basis for a "new regional" geography of New Zealand's fisheries. In the process we discuss various criteria for defining fishery regions and present our initial categorisation of New Zealand into those regions. The relationship between these regions and related institutional structures is then discussed. This raises a number of additional questions regarding the concept of a fisheries region, especially in the context of a resurgent indigenous (Maaori) culture, the emergence of new fishing peoples in New Zealand, and the respective size of recreational and commercial fishing sectors.

year: 1998-06-01