title: Development of a Method for the Quantitative Detection of Honey in Imported Products.

authors: Dumté, Mérine Emilie Jennifer

subjects: Asian honey

abstract: The carbohydrate composition of Asian honeys was determined using analysis of per-O-trimethylsilylated sugar alditols by GC-FID. This method was established to detect the presence and quantify honey in imported products scheduled for investigation by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) Biosecurity, because the import of honey products is regulated. The Asian honeys analysed had a carbohydrate composition within the limits set for honey by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and had a disaccharide profile similar to honeys from elsewhere in the world. Kojibiose, and peaks corresponding to turanose/nigerose and turanose/maltulose, which are carbohydrates not common in nature, were present in all the honey samples analysed. A reference database of the sugar content of these honeys was created; and the presence of these disaccharides together in imported products under investigation would indicate that the product contains honey. Several samples were found to be adulterated, mostly with sucrose syrup and also with glucose syrup through improper bee-feeding. This method is suitable for detection of the presence of honey in a product being investigated but might encounter problems when quantitation of the honey at low levels of honey addition is required, due to the poor precision of the method. This low precision resulted from the difficulty in getting a homogeneous honey sample and quantifying the small or poorly resolved peaks in the chromatograms. A report on the analysis of actual samples supplied by MAF is presented in Appendix A; quantitation of the monosaccharides, the ratio of glucose:fructose and ratio of disaccharides to monosaccharides could be used to quantitate the amount of honey present and this method is recommended for future use.

text: Development of a Method for the Quantitative Detection of Honey in Imported Products. The carbohydrate composition of Asian honeys was determined using analysis of per-O-trimethylsilylated sugar alditols by GC-FID. This method was established to detect the presence and quantify honey in imported products scheduled for investigation by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MAF) Biosecurity, because the import of honey products is regulated. The Asian honeys analysed had a carbohydrate composition within the limits set for honey by the Codex Alimentarius Commission, and had a disaccharide profile similar to honeys from elsewhere in the world. Kojibiose, and peaks corresponding to turanose/nigerose and turanose/maltulose, which are carbohydrates not common in nature, were present in all the honey samples analysed. A reference database of the sugar content of these honeys was created; and the presence of these disaccharides together in imported products under investigation would indicate that the product contains honey. Several samples were found to be adulterated, mostly with sucrose syrup and also with glucose syrup through improper bee-feeding. This method is suitable for detection of the presence of honey in a product being investigated but might encounter problems when quantitation of the honey at low levels of honey addition is required, due to the poor precision of the method. This low precision resulted from the difficulty in getting a homogeneous honey sample and quantifying the small or poorly resolved peaks in the chromatograms. A report on the analysis of actual samples supplied by MAF is presented in Appendix A; quantitation of the monosaccharides, the ratio of glucose:fructose and ratio of disaccharides to monosaccharides could be used to quantitate the amount of honey present and this method is recommended for future use.

year: 2010

title: Multiple frequency range imaging to remove measurement ambiguity

authors: Payne, Andrew D.

subjects: range imaging system

abstract: Range imaging systems use a specialised sensor to capture an image where object distance (range) is measured for every pixel using time-of-flight. The scene is illuminated with an amplitude modulated light source, and the phase of the modulation envelope of the reflected light is measured to determine flight time, hence object distance for each pixel. As the modulation waveform is cyclic, an ambiguity problem exists if the phase shift exceeds 2π radians. To overcome this problem we demonstrate a method that superposes two different modulation frequencies within a single capture. This technique reduces the associated overhead compared with performing two sequential measurements, allowing the system to retain high range measurement precision at rapid acquisition rates. A method is also provided to avoid interference from aliased harmonics during sampling, which otherwise contaminate the resulting range measurement. Experimental results show the potential of the multiple frequency approach; producing high measurement precision while avoiding ambiguity. The results also demonstrate the limitation of this technique, where large errors can be introduced through a combination of a low signal to noise ratio and suboptimal selection of system parameters.

text: Multiple frequency range imaging to remove measurement ambiguity Range imaging systems use a specialised sensor to capture an image where object distance (range) is measured for every pixel using time-of-flight. The scene is illuminated with an amplitude modulated light source, and the phase of the modulation envelope of the reflected light is measured to determine flight time, hence object distance for each pixel. As the modulation waveform is cyclic, an ambiguity problem exists if the phase shift exceeds 2π radians. To overcome this problem we demonstrate a method that superposes two different modulation frequencies within a single capture. This technique reduces the associated overhead compared with performing two sequential measurements, allowing the system to retain high range measurement precision at rapid acquisition rates. A method is also provided to avoid interference from aliased harmonics during sampling, which otherwise contaminate the resulting range measurement. Experimental results show the potential of the multiple frequency approach; producing high measurement precision while avoiding ambiguity. The results also demonstrate the limitation of this technique, where large errors can be introduced through a combination of a low signal to noise ratio and suboptimal selection of system parameters.

year: 2009

title: Supervising research in Māori cultural contexts: a decolonizing, relational response

authors: Berryman, Mere

abstract: We have collaborated for 25 years as indigenous Māori and non- Māori researchers undertaking research with Māori families, their schools and communities. We have endeavored to meet our responsibilities to the Māori people (indigenous inhabitants of New Zealand) and communities with whom we have researched, as well as meet the requirements and responsibilities of our academic institutions. In this paper, we reflect on the implications of these responsibilities for our work as supervisors of master’s and doctoral students (Māori and non-Māori) who seek to draw on decolonizing methodologies as they undertake research in Māori cultural contexts. We draw on the experiences and interactions we have had with four different postgraduate students whose research on improving educational outcomes for Māori students has required them to engage and participate in Māori cultural contexts.

text: Supervising research in Māori cultural contexts: a decolonizing, relational response We have collaborated for 25 years as indigenous Māori and non- Māori researchers undertaking research with Māori families, their schools and communities. We have endeavored to meet our responsibilities to the Māori people (indigenous inhabitants of New Zealand) and communities with whom we have researched, as well as meet the requirements and responsibilities of our academic institutions. In this paper, we reflect on the implications of these responsibilities for our work as supervisors of master’s and doctoral students (Māori and non-Māori) who seek to draw on decolonizing methodologies as they undertake research in Māori cultural contexts. We draw on the experiences and interactions we have had with four different postgraduate students whose research on improving educational outcomes for Māori students has required them to engage and participate in Māori cultural contexts.

year: 2017