title: The use of lower-body compression garments during high-intensity exercise performance in basketball athletes

authors: Driller, Matthew W.

abstract: This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments worn following exercise on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise. The evening exercise bout (1600-1800 h) included performance of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test, lunge jumps, and an isometric wall sit exercise. Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility) were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = -1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = -1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performances in basketball athletes.

text: The use of lower-body compression garments during high-intensity exercise performance in basketball athletes This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments worn following exercise on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise. The evening exercise bout (1600-1800 h) included performance of the Basketball Exercise Simulation Test, lunge jumps, and an isometric wall sit exercise. Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility) were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = -1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = -1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performances in basketball athletes.

year: 2021

title: A Study on Supported Metal Catalysts Prepared from Colloidal Precursors

authors: Jaine, Jacob Evan

subjects: catalyst

abstract: When metal nanoparticles are supported on the surface of an inert carrier, the resulting materials can become powerful heterogeneous catalysts capable of accelerating a diverse range of chemical reactions. Though there are a wide variety of synthetic routes by which these materials can be prepared, many offer little control over the textural properties of the resulting catalyst. Conversely, methods using pre-formed colloidal nanoparticles as a metal source offer the potential for precise control of properties like particle size and shape. This is both a topical class of syntheses, and the subject of the current body of work. Three different types of colloids were therefore prepared using different stabilising agents, and subsequently used to produce an array of different catalysts.

As support materials for the catalysts, a series of four commercially available materials were obtained, including silica, alumina, hydroxyapatite, and microcrystalline cellulose. Four novel analogues were also obtained, including halloysite, perlite, bioapatite, and macrofibrillar cellulose. In order to understand their physicochemical properties, they were characterised by a combination of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, solid-state ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁷Al, ²⁹Si, and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, laser diffraction analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Additional experiments were performed to investigate the wetting properties of the materials using the Washburn capillary rise method, which was shown to be a valuable method for rationalising solvent choice for reactions involving these materials.

An initial batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising electrostatically-stabilised rhodium, palladium, and platinum colloids onto these support materials. Instrumental characterisation of the catalysts showed no major perturbation to the chemistry of the materials following the immobilisation, though some subtle surface effects were observed. These catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of several olefins, and were found to have excellent catalytic activity, up to 64,400 hr⁻¹, under standard conditions. 
A second batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising polymer-stabilised metal colloids onto the supports. Characterisation of the materials showed the polymers and the nanoparticles they contained were associated strongly with the support materials, though the spatial distribution varied significantly between systems. Activation of the catalysts by calcination was shown to initiate their thermal decomposition and oxidation, which in turn affected their catalytic activity. The catalysts containing supported rhodium or platinum were inactive, while those containing supported palladium showed good activity, up to 41,900 hr⁻¹.
A third batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising solvent-stabilised metal colloids onto the supports. Amide-type solvents were shown to be the most effective for this purpose, though spectroscopic evidence suggested the samples contained residual solvent and related decomposition products. These catalysts displayed modest activities of up to 8,100 hr⁻¹.
Finally, a method was developed for quantifying the amount of metal in the catalysts using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. A series of matrix-matched standards were prepared, and their elemental compositions measured accurately using neutron activation analysis. The method was shown to be rapid and inexpensive to implement, with linearity up to 2.0 wt% metal and a precision of over 95%.

text: A Study on Supported Metal Catalysts Prepared from Colloidal Precursors When metal nanoparticles are supported on the surface of an inert carrier, the resulting materials can become powerful heterogeneous catalysts capable of accelerating a diverse range of chemical reactions. Though there are a wide variety of synthetic routes by which these materials can be prepared, many offer little control over the textural properties of the resulting catalyst. Conversely, methods using pre-formed colloidal nanoparticles as a metal source offer the potential for precise control of properties like particle size and shape. This is both a topical class of syntheses, and the subject of the current body of work. Three different types of colloids were therefore prepared using different stabilising agents, and subsequently used to produce an array of different catalysts.

As support materials for the catalysts, a series of four commercially available materials were obtained, including silica, alumina, hydroxyapatite, and microcrystalline cellulose. Four novel analogues were also obtained, including halloysite, perlite, bioapatite, and macrofibrillar cellulose. In order to understand their physicochemical properties, they were characterised by a combination of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, solid-state ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁷Al, ²⁹Si, and ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, laser diffraction analysis, and zeta potential measurements. Additional experiments were performed to investigate the wetting properties of the materials using the Washburn capillary rise method, which was shown to be a valuable method for rationalising solvent choice for reactions involving these materials.

An initial batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising electrostatically-stabilised rhodium, palladium, and platinum colloids onto these support materials. Instrumental characterisation of the catalysts showed no major perturbation to the chemistry of the materials following the immobilisation, though some subtle surface effects were observed. These catalysts were tested in the hydrogenation of several olefins, and were found to have excellent catalytic activity, up to 64,400 hr⁻¹, under standard conditions. 
A second batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising polymer-stabilised metal colloids onto the supports. Characterisation of the materials showed the polymers and the nanoparticles they contained were associated strongly with the support materials, though the spatial distribution varied significantly between systems. Activation of the catalysts by calcination was shown to initiate their thermal decomposition and oxidation, which in turn affected their catalytic activity. The catalysts containing supported rhodium or platinum were inactive, while those containing supported palladium showed good activity, up to 41,900 hr⁻¹.
A third batch of catalysts was produced by immobilising solvent-stabilised metal colloids onto the supports. Amide-type solvents were shown to be the most effective for this purpose, though spectroscopic evidence suggested the samples contained residual solvent and related decomposition products. These catalysts displayed modest activities of up to 8,100 hr⁻¹.
Finally, a method was developed for quantifying the amount of metal in the catalysts using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. A series of matrix-matched standards were prepared, and their elemental compositions measured accurately using neutron activation analysis. The method was shown to be rapid and inexpensive to implement, with linearity up to 2.0 wt% metal and a precision of over 95%.

year: 2016

title: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi

authors: Ngaia, Te Ingo Karangaroa Terehia

subjects: Waikato Maniapoto

abstract: Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

text: Ko Waikato-Maniapoto te iwi Nō te ūnga mai o Tainui waka, i Whangaparāoa, ka tīmata i reira te tautapa haere a Tainui waka i tōna rohe, i tāna tere i Te Ika-ā-Māui. Nāwai rā ka tau ki tōna tumu i roto o Kāwhia Moana, Kāwhia Kai, Kāwhia Tāngata, i te taha hauāuru o Te Ika-ā-Māui. I roto i ngā rautau i muri mai i te ūnga o Tainui waka me ngā tūpuna i tere mai i te waka, ka tīmata ngā tūpuna te mātoro haere i te whenua hou me te whakanoho i ngō rātou whānau. Ka tupu i koneki ngā hapū me ngā iwi i heke mai i ngā waka. I roto i ngā tātai whakapapa o Tainu waka, e mārama mai ana ngā kāwai heke ki ngā iwi o Waikato me Maniapoto hoki. Ka whai mana ngā rangatira o ngā iwi nei i ngō rātou kāinga me ngā pānga whenua i noho ai rātou.
I hua tuatahi ai te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i ngā pakanga me ngā whakaipoipotanga mo ngā kāinga me ngā pānga whenua, kai, moana hoki. Nā ngā pūkenga wānanga, pakanga hoki, i whakawehe, i kotahi ai rānei ngā iwi.
I te taenga mai o te Pākehā ki te pēhi i ngā tikanga a te Māori, ka huri te aro o te Pākehā ki te whakahau me te whakawai i ngā rātou tauira hou ki runga i ngā iwi.
Ka whakaturengia ngā ingoa o ngā tikanga hou, nā te Kāwanatanga Pākehā hou nei i whakamana, ā, i whakaū ngēnei tikanga hou kia pēhia ngā tikanga taketake ake a te Māori. Ka huri a Waikato-Maniapoto iwi ki te aru i ngā tauira hou ki te whakawhanake i ngā uri whakatupu i roto i te ao hou. Hoi, i mau tonu i a Waikato-Maniapoto te wairua me ngā tikanga i heke iho ki ngōna uri.
Ka whakaūngia te wairua me ngā tikanga o ngā mātua tūpuna ki roto i te tauira hou o te Kīngitanga. Ka mahi ngātahi te Kīngitanga me te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto ki te whakatinana i tōna kaupapa, arā, hei pupuru i te toto; hei pupuru i te whenua; ā, hei pupuru i te mana Māori motuhake. I roto i te Kīngitanga nga 
hanganga iwi hou i puta hei kōkiri i ngā rautaki whakawhanake i te iwi whānui i roto i te ao hou nei.
Huhua noa atu ngā uri o Waikato-Maniapoto i whai wāhi i runga i ngā tūranga whakawhanake i te iwi whānui mā te whakaū i te mana Māori motuhake i roto i te reo me ngā tikanga o Waikato-Maniapoto iwi me ngōna kaupapa. Ko te whakahua i ngā hononga iwi kia whai whanaungatanga, kia whai tūrangawaewae te whakatinanatanga o te whakapono ā-wairua nei ki ngā taonga tuku iho o Waikato-Maniapoto. Ka whai mana, ka tūturu te kīanga a Waikato-Maniapoto i roto i te whakamana a ngā uri i ngā kōrero whakapapa o te iwi o Waikato-Maniapoto me te whakamana i te kīanga nei i ngā reanga whakapapa.

year: 2010