title: Remote Sensing of Waikato Lakes

authors: Allan, Mathew Grant

abstract: This study explored and utilised existing remote sensing technology and algorithms to determine total suspended sediments (TSS) in lakes at a regional scale, producing a dataset quantifying spatial and temporal variability of remotely sensed TSS (including an experimental algorithm for chlorophyll a concentrations). The study processed Landsat 7 and 8 images from 1999 until the end of 2015. Statistical analysis included estimation of minimum, maximum, mean, range, and skewness of all Waikato lakes larger than 1 ha. The study demonstrated that the remote estimation of TSS within Waikato lakes is feasible and
provides TSS estimations within the ranges of measured in situ TSS concentrations within most of the Waikato lakes except a small number of lakes with higher than expected
estimated TSS concentrations (possible causes are identified including bottom reflection, and optical conditions not within the bounds of algorithm design). The study also demonstrated the ability of using remote sensing data to estimate and quantify variability of TSS over a large range of both within and between lakes. This spatial variation appeared to be driven by both geomorphic and abiotic factions, including turbid inflows and resuspension from the
lakebed. The derived dataset maybe helpful to elucidate a better understanding of water quality variability and ultimately better understand implications for lake management. It is recommended that detailed in situ data be captured at the time of satellite overpass to further
assess and improve the accuracy of the methods derived within the present study. The recent launch of Sentinel 2a (10 m resolution) will provide greater spatial and temporal coverage satellite imagery with a similar spectral resolution to Landsat 8 (30 m resolution) in the near future.

text: Remote Sensing of Waikato Lakes This study explored and utilised existing remote sensing technology and algorithms to determine total suspended sediments (TSS) in lakes at a regional scale, producing a dataset quantifying spatial and temporal variability of remotely sensed TSS (including an experimental algorithm for chlorophyll a concentrations). The study processed Landsat 7 and 8 images from 1999 until the end of 2015. Statistical analysis included estimation of minimum, maximum, mean, range, and skewness of all Waikato lakes larger than 1 ha. The study demonstrated that the remote estimation of TSS within Waikato lakes is feasible and
provides TSS estimations within the ranges of measured in situ TSS concentrations within most of the Waikato lakes except a small number of lakes with higher than expected
estimated TSS concentrations (possible causes are identified including bottom reflection, and optical conditions not within the bounds of algorithm design). The study also demonstrated the ability of using remote sensing data to estimate and quantify variability of TSS over a large range of both within and between lakes. This spatial variation appeared to be driven by both geomorphic and abiotic factions, including turbid inflows and resuspension from the
lakebed. The derived dataset maybe helpful to elucidate a better understanding of water quality variability and ultimately better understand implications for lake management. It is recommended that detailed in situ data be captured at the time of satellite overpass to further
assess and improve the accuracy of the methods derived within the present study. The recent launch of Sentinel 2a (10 m resolution) will provide greater spatial and temporal coverage satellite imagery with a similar spectral resolution to Landsat 8 (30 m resolution) in the near future.

year: 2016

title: Non-disabled privilege in sports and active recreation: Challenging neoliberal ableist attitudes through human rights informed anti-ableism

authors: Nazari Orakani, Solmaz

subjects: disability

abstract: Despite inclusionary policies in New Zealand, the existing socio-cultural and political systems continue to reinforce non-disabled privilege in the sports and physical activity environment. Bolstered by neoliberal ableist attitudes, concepts and practices, this non-disabled privilege excludes individuals whose bodily capabilities do not fit hypothetical able-bodied norms and standards. This paper explores neoliberal ableist attitudes and practices that contribute to non-disabled privilege and create barriers to disabled young people participating in sports and active recreation. In addition, the paper examines anti-ableist attitudes, informed by human rights, that challenge this privilege. We used Q methodology with 40 participants – physical education teachers, sports coaches, administrators and managers of sports and recreation clubs, classes and facilities – to uncover dominant viewpoints on sport and disability across the sports and active recreation sectors. The paper draws on data from interviews conducted with the participants. Our findings revealed neoliberal ableist attitudes and practices in relation to competition and winning, able-bodied privilege and resource allocation that favour the able-bodied in the sports, physical activity and recreation environment. We also found human rights-informed anti-ableist attitudes that challenge the able-bodied privilege and strive for the inclusion and participation of disabled young people. By illuminating how non-disabled privilege in sports and active recreation can undermine inclusionary policies, our research underscores the urgent need for change through rights-based strategies, policies and practices that can be leveraged to promote the inclusion of disabled youth in sports and physical activity, thereby advancing their human rights.

text: Non-disabled privilege in sports and active recreation: Challenging neoliberal ableist attitudes through human rights informed anti-ableism Despite inclusionary policies in New Zealand, the existing socio-cultural and political systems continue to reinforce non-disabled privilege in the sports and physical activity environment. Bolstered by neoliberal ableist attitudes, concepts and practices, this non-disabled privilege excludes individuals whose bodily capabilities do not fit hypothetical able-bodied norms and standards. This paper explores neoliberal ableist attitudes and practices that contribute to non-disabled privilege and create barriers to disabled young people participating in sports and active recreation. In addition, the paper examines anti-ableist attitudes, informed by human rights, that challenge this privilege. We used Q methodology with 40 participants – physical education teachers, sports coaches, administrators and managers of sports and recreation clubs, classes and facilities – to uncover dominant viewpoints on sport and disability across the sports and active recreation sectors. The paper draws on data from interviews conducted with the participants. Our findings revealed neoliberal ableist attitudes and practices in relation to competition and winning, able-bodied privilege and resource allocation that favour the able-bodied in the sports, physical activity and recreation environment. We also found human rights-informed anti-ableist attitudes that challenge the able-bodied privilege and strive for the inclusion and participation of disabled young people. By illuminating how non-disabled privilege in sports and active recreation can undermine inclusionary policies, our research underscores the urgent need for change through rights-based strategies, policies and practices that can be leveraged to promote the inclusion of disabled youth in sports and physical activity, thereby advancing their human rights.

year: 2025

title: Colonial versus ancestral legacy: The assertion of culture and identity through public arts in Kirikiriroa/Hamilton

authors: Kiff, Shirin

subjects: Ethnography

abstract: This thesis is an ethnography of Hamilton. It focuses on the role of public arts as a cultural regeneration tool and their function in shaping the community(s) in Kirikiriroa/Hamilton through building a sense of place and identity. As a qualitative study, I conducted nine semi- structured interviews with public art artists, art advocates and residents to explore the relational context within which the development and transmission of meaning takes place, a process which is central to culture and identity. The primary purpose of the research interviews was to gain insight into the factors that motivate arts organisers and planners to direct valuable limited resources into public art projects and its observable outcomes. The second purpose of the interviews, conducted while walking to public artworks in the city centre with six participants, was to examine the effect of public art on the public.
My methods also include tracking press reviews, monitoring comments and posts on social media and institutional debates involving residents, artists, and public authorities concerning public arts. I also recorded data by taking photographs and recording field notes of my observations during and after the fieldwork process. Data gathering was also enhanced by the large-scale collection of written materials and resources, including public art publications and HCC policy documents. Taken together, these research methods allowed me to investigate whether Hamilton had achieved its goals in its cultural regeneration efforts. In my analysis, I discuss the role of public art and its association with place and consider how artworks may antagonise Māori-Pākehā relationships or otherwise emphasis residents’ sense of place.
Biculturalism and monoculturalism narratives appear to dominate public arts with the purpose of invoking either a colonial legacy or ancestral legacy while the politics of multiculturalism continue to jockey for place. Colonial legacy refers to the glorifying of colonial achievements while ancestral legacy in this context refers to Māori assertion of history, culture and identity. Particularly, in this research, ancestral legacy belonging to local hapū, Ngāti Wairere. Participants’ narratives reveal four overarching themes, 1) the publics’ resistance to the making of colonial places through public art, 2) Ngāti Wairere struggles to assert ancestral legacy through public arts, 3) the need for ethnically diverse artworks to create and maintain ethnically diverse places, and 4) a yearning for a collective identity represented through public arts. Hamilton’s public artworks are variously perceived as a superficial representation of Māori culture, identity and history, a reminder of a colonial binary discourse, the colonised versus the coloniser, an assertion of either a Māori ancestral legacy or a colonial legacy or, minimally, a nod to multiculturalism. Nevertheless, my research shows that participants engagement with these artworks reveal a yearning for a local collective identity that is still a work in progress.

text: Colonial versus ancestral legacy: The assertion of culture and identity through public arts in Kirikiriroa/Hamilton This thesis is an ethnography of Hamilton. It focuses on the role of public arts as a cultural regeneration tool and their function in shaping the community(s) in Kirikiriroa/Hamilton through building a sense of place and identity. As a qualitative study, I conducted nine semi- structured interviews with public art artists, art advocates and residents to explore the relational context within which the development and transmission of meaning takes place, a process which is central to culture and identity. The primary purpose of the research interviews was to gain insight into the factors that motivate arts organisers and planners to direct valuable limited resources into public art projects and its observable outcomes. The second purpose of the interviews, conducted while walking to public artworks in the city centre with six participants, was to examine the effect of public art on the public.
My methods also include tracking press reviews, monitoring comments and posts on social media and institutional debates involving residents, artists, and public authorities concerning public arts. I also recorded data by taking photographs and recording field notes of my observations during and after the fieldwork process. Data gathering was also enhanced by the large-scale collection of written materials and resources, including public art publications and HCC policy documents. Taken together, these research methods allowed me to investigate whether Hamilton had achieved its goals in its cultural regeneration efforts. In my analysis, I discuss the role of public art and its association with place and consider how artworks may antagonise Māori-Pākehā relationships or otherwise emphasis residents’ sense of place.
Biculturalism and monoculturalism narratives appear to dominate public arts with the purpose of invoking either a colonial legacy or ancestral legacy while the politics of multiculturalism continue to jockey for place. Colonial legacy refers to the glorifying of colonial achievements while ancestral legacy in this context refers to Māori assertion of history, culture and identity. Particularly, in this research, ancestral legacy belonging to local hapū, Ngāti Wairere. Participants’ narratives reveal four overarching themes, 1) the publics’ resistance to the making of colonial places through public art, 2) Ngāti Wairere struggles to assert ancestral legacy through public arts, 3) the need for ethnically diverse artworks to create and maintain ethnically diverse places, and 4) a yearning for a collective identity represented through public arts. Hamilton’s public artworks are variously perceived as a superficial representation of Māori culture, identity and history, a reminder of a colonial binary discourse, the colonised versus the coloniser, an assertion of either a Māori ancestral legacy or a colonial legacy or, minimally, a nod to multiculturalism. Nevertheless, my research shows that participants engagement with these artworks reveal a yearning for a local collective identity that is still a work in progress.

year: 2021