title: Determining acoustical directionality in an impedance tube using multiple fixed microphones

authors: Pennington, Kyle

abstract: Acoustic impedance of a port or object is a valuable piece of knowledge describing how well sound is transmitted or reflected. The commonly used slotted-line method is labourious and time consuming, requiring manual movement to find the maxima and minima at each frequency. This paper outlines a technique to computationally determine the magnitude and phase of the constituent travelling waves from the standing plane sound wave measurements in an impedance tube. Measured magnitude and phase data from multiple fixed microphones carefully spaced along the length of the impedance tube is numerically fitted to incident and reflected wave models, which can then be used to calculate the complex acoustic impedance at each frequency of interest.

text: Determining acoustical directionality in an impedance tube using multiple fixed microphones Acoustic impedance of a port or object is a valuable piece of knowledge describing how well sound is transmitted or reflected. The commonly used slotted-line method is labourious and time consuming, requiring manual movement to find the maxima and minima at each frequency. This paper outlines a technique to computationally determine the magnitude and phase of the constituent travelling waves from the standing plane sound wave measurements in an impedance tube. Measured magnitude and phase data from multiple fixed microphones carefully spaced along the length of the impedance tube is numerically fitted to incident and reflected wave models, which can then be used to calculate the complex acoustic impedance at each frequency of interest.

year: 2011

title: Deriving and testing efficient estimates of WTP distributions in destination choice model

authors: Scarpa, Riccardo

subjects: mixed logit

abstract: Estimation of welfare measures is often a dominant driver in the empirical literature on nonmarket valuation. To this end, qualitative choice models based on random utility theory have been widely employed in outdoor recreation studies. A frequent goal of applied studies has been the estimation of welfare changes associated with site attribute changes at recreation sites in order to inform regulatory policy and resource management. We review the evolution of the methodology of random utility theory in this field with a focus on taste heterogeneity models and then focus on the recent proposal of specifying utility in the WTP-space (Train K, Weeks M (2005) Discrete choice models in preference space and willing-to-pay space. In: Scarpa R, Alberini A (eds) Applications of simulation methods in environmental and resource economics, chapter 1. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–16). Our empirical application is on outdoor alpine recreation data. We emphasize the efficiency and direct testing that using the maximum simulated likelihood estimator affords to practitioners using the WTP-space approach, and illustrate these with examples.

text: Deriving and testing efficient estimates of WTP distributions in destination choice model Estimation of welfare measures is often a dominant driver in the empirical literature on nonmarket valuation. To this end, qualitative choice models based on random utility theory have been widely employed in outdoor recreation studies. A frequent goal of applied studies has been the estimation of welfare changes associated with site attribute changes at recreation sites in order to inform regulatory policy and resource management. We review the evolution of the methodology of random utility theory in this field with a focus on taste heterogeneity models and then focus on the recent proposal of specifying utility in the WTP-space (Train K, Weeks M (2005) Discrete choice models in preference space and willing-to-pay space. In: Scarpa R, Alberini A (eds) Applications of simulation methods in environmental and resource economics, chapter 1. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 1–16). Our empirical application is on outdoor alpine recreation data. We emphasize the efficiency and direct testing that using the maximum simulated likelihood estimator affords to practitioners using the WTP-space approach, and illustrate these with examples.

year: 2009

title: Incorporating indigenous values in corporate social responsibility reports

authors: Schneider, Annika Barbara Sabine

subjects: corporate social responsibility

abstract: Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to show how a major state-owned enterprise in New Zealand uses its annual report to promote the image of an organisation concerned with the local community including Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, Māori values and their relationship with the environment.
Design/methodology/approach – This longitudinal single case study of Mighty River Power Limited spans the period 2000 to 2009. It involves detailed examination of the narrative disclosures contained in the annual reports, including photographs, over the period of the study to determine whether Mighty River Power used the annual report to present a favourable image to the organisation’s stakeholders. Indigenous partnerships between the organisation and Māori trusts were also investigated to determine how these contributed to the corporate identity promoted in the annual reports.
Findings – The analysis found that annual report was used to promote the image of an organisation upholding the Māori value of kaitiakitanga as part of its social responsibility to the local community and environment. Māori partnerships and community environmental group sponsorship were featured extensively in the images and narratives, with specific reference to indigenous values.
Originality/value – This paper builds upon previous literature in the field of corporate social responsibility in annual reports and extends it to the state-owned enterprise sector in New Zealand, focusing specifically on the relationship between the entity and the indigenous community in which it operates.

text: Incorporating indigenous values in corporate social responsibility reports Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to show how a major state-owned enterprise in New Zealand uses its annual report to promote the image of an organisation concerned with the local community including Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, Māori values and their relationship with the environment.
Design/methodology/approach – This longitudinal single case study of Mighty River Power Limited spans the period 2000 to 2009. It involves detailed examination of the narrative disclosures contained in the annual reports, including photographs, over the period of the study to determine whether Mighty River Power used the annual report to present a favourable image to the organisation’s stakeholders. Indigenous partnerships between the organisation and Māori trusts were also investigated to determine how these contributed to the corporate identity promoted in the annual reports.
Findings – The analysis found that annual report was used to promote the image of an organisation upholding the Māori value of kaitiakitanga as part of its social responsibility to the local community and environment. Māori partnerships and community environmental group sponsorship were featured extensively in the images and narratives, with specific reference to indigenous values.
Originality/value – This paper builds upon previous literature in the field of corporate social responsibility in annual reports and extends it to the state-owned enterprise sector in New Zealand, focusing specifically on the relationship between the entity and the indigenous community in which it operates.

year: 2012