title: Carbon capture and storage law for New Zealand: A comparative study

authors: Barton, Barry

subjects: environmental law

abstract: Carbon capture and storage, or geosequestration, is an emerging technique to address climate change by reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. New Zealand law does not presently provide for carbon capture and storage. The Crown Minerals Act 1991 and the Resource Management Act 1991 do not make it possible. Canada and Australia offer useful comparisons, as, to a lesser extent, do the European Union and the United States. The comparisons assist in an analysis of the main issues involved in creating a legal regime for New Zealand: rights to real property, title or permits, relationship with oil and gas operations, regulation, liability, and relationships with other legislation.

text: Carbon capture and storage law for New Zealand: A comparative study Carbon capture and storage, or geosequestration, is an emerging technique to address climate change by reducing emissions of carbon dioxide. New Zealand law does not presently provide for carbon capture and storage. The Crown Minerals Act 1991 and the Resource Management Act 1991 do not make it possible. Canada and Australia offer useful comparisons, as, to a lesser extent, do the European Union and the United States. The comparisons assist in an analysis of the main issues involved in creating a legal regime for New Zealand: rights to real property, title or permits, relationship with oil and gas operations, regulation, liability, and relationships with other legislation.

year: 2009

title: Experiences of people with refugee background who started their business in the food sector

authors: Bazrafshan, Shima

abstract: The emotional and relational aspects of hospitality for inclusion have been rarely explicitly acknowledged in the food business sector and academic scholarship. Embedded within these aspects is the concept of voice and how it can be used to empower and care for others. Voice is viewed as a fundamental human right and is crucial for communities, such as those with refugee background to express their experiences and gain agency for change. How stories are told using food and within hospitality businesses, illuminates care, as well as communicating the causes of displacement and refugee experiences during their journeys, arrival, collective perceptions and the reception and inclusion of refugees in the countries in which they resettle. A key approach for gaining inclusion and economic resources for refugee background communities has been to start a business. This provides opportunities for employment and, the hospitality and food sector, has been viewed as an accessible sector for refugee-background individuals to start their venture in and  offer a transformative avenue for inclusion in their new communities. Through their hospitality and food businesses, refugees can offer positive narratives, challenge perceptions that others in the host community may have of them and construct realistic caring representations of themselves. The hospitality sector emerges as a unique platform for refugees to connect with host communities, fostering mutual understanding and promoting inclusion.
Previous academic studies that have investigated hospitality businesses started by people with refugee background have mainly focused on examining the various economic and functional aspects that influence their businesses. In these studies, a humanitarian approach that examined the sociological and cultural role of food and food businesses for diverse communities such as refugee background individuals was rarely acknowledged. To deepen our understanding of the role of food and hospitality for people with refugee background who started hospitality businesses, this thesis highlights the critical sociocultural and symbolic aspects of food. To focus on participants’ perspectives of food, their meanings of their food business experiences and values, an interpretative approach was deemed appropriate for the thesis. Critical hospitality theory was included in the analysis to examine how food provides a conduit to create meaningful relationships with ‘Others’ that goes beyond economics or biological needs. 
Memory-work methodology was seen as an appropriate method and offered opportunities for participants to consider the narrative that they wanted to share in a meaningful manner in the research. Located within the interpretive paradigm, memory-work is grounded in understanding the world as being interpreted by individuals in their lived practices of everyday life. 12 participants volunteered to write a memory and reflect on their experience with me in individual discussion meetings. Institutional ethics for the research was approved by the Waikato Management School Research Ethics Committee.
Thematic analysis of the data indicated three significant themes that represented the participants’ experiences: ‘People with refugee background as caregivers’; ‘Strangers encounter, strangers become familiar’; and ‘Fostering emotional solidarity with people with refugee background’. People with refugee background are usually portrayed as perpetually vulnerable and reliant individuals who need or want support and care from national and international organisations to assist them in navigating their way into the new society. However, rather than conforming to this stereotypical portrayal of refugees as passive care receivers, people with refugee background who participated in this research were actively engaged in providing care for others. The findings of this research also illustrated that hospitality in this type of commercial setting was a catalyst for dialogue and exchange of ideas, experiences, and knowledge between different ‘others’ that allowed strangers to be welcomed as familiars. In the context of hospitality, refugee-background participants stated that their customers developed some emotional solidarity with the experiences of people from refugee-background communities. This thesis contributes to a richer understanding of how the commercial context of hospitality can create opportunities for crossing thresholds, activism for change, and inclusion. Notably, this thesis uncovers how food and hospitality businesses could sustain well-being, care for the ‘other’ and act as a channel to advocate for change around refugee-background issues.

text: Experiences of people with refugee background who started their business in the food sector The emotional and relational aspects of hospitality for inclusion have been rarely explicitly acknowledged in the food business sector and academic scholarship. Embedded within these aspects is the concept of voice and how it can be used to empower and care for others. Voice is viewed as a fundamental human right and is crucial for communities, such as those with refugee background to express their experiences and gain agency for change. How stories are told using food and within hospitality businesses, illuminates care, as well as communicating the causes of displacement and refugee experiences during their journeys, arrival, collective perceptions and the reception and inclusion of refugees in the countries in which they resettle. A key approach for gaining inclusion and economic resources for refugee background communities has been to start a business. This provides opportunities for employment and, the hospitality and food sector, has been viewed as an accessible sector for refugee-background individuals to start their venture in and  offer a transformative avenue for inclusion in their new communities. Through their hospitality and food businesses, refugees can offer positive narratives, challenge perceptions that others in the host community may have of them and construct realistic caring representations of themselves. The hospitality sector emerges as a unique platform for refugees to connect with host communities, fostering mutual understanding and promoting inclusion.
Previous academic studies that have investigated hospitality businesses started by people with refugee background have mainly focused on examining the various economic and functional aspects that influence their businesses. In these studies, a humanitarian approach that examined the sociological and cultural role of food and food businesses for diverse communities such as refugee background individuals was rarely acknowledged. To deepen our understanding of the role of food and hospitality for people with refugee background who started hospitality businesses, this thesis highlights the critical sociocultural and symbolic aspects of food. To focus on participants’ perspectives of food, their meanings of their food business experiences and values, an interpretative approach was deemed appropriate for the thesis. Critical hospitality theory was included in the analysis to examine how food provides a conduit to create meaningful relationships with ‘Others’ that goes beyond economics or biological needs. 
Memory-work methodology was seen as an appropriate method and offered opportunities for participants to consider the narrative that they wanted to share in a meaningful manner in the research. Located within the interpretive paradigm, memory-work is grounded in understanding the world as being interpreted by individuals in their lived practices of everyday life. 12 participants volunteered to write a memory and reflect on their experience with me in individual discussion meetings. Institutional ethics for the research was approved by the Waikato Management School Research Ethics Committee.
Thematic analysis of the data indicated three significant themes that represented the participants’ experiences: ‘People with refugee background as caregivers’; ‘Strangers encounter, strangers become familiar’; and ‘Fostering emotional solidarity with people with refugee background’. People with refugee background are usually portrayed as perpetually vulnerable and reliant individuals who need or want support and care from national and international organisations to assist them in navigating their way into the new society. However, rather than conforming to this stereotypical portrayal of refugees as passive care receivers, people with refugee background who participated in this research were actively engaged in providing care for others. The findings of this research also illustrated that hospitality in this type of commercial setting was a catalyst for dialogue and exchange of ideas, experiences, and knowledge between different ‘others’ that allowed strangers to be welcomed as familiars. In the context of hospitality, refugee-background participants stated that their customers developed some emotional solidarity with the experiences of people from refugee-background communities. This thesis contributes to a richer understanding of how the commercial context of hospitality can create opportunities for crossing thresholds, activism for change, and inclusion. Notably, this thesis uncovers how food and hospitality businesses could sustain well-being, care for the ‘other’ and act as a channel to advocate for change around refugee-background issues.

year: 2024

title: Recognising the negative impacts of aquatic weed management: Okawa Bay, Lake Rotoiti case study

authors: Scholes, Paul

abstract: The Te Arawa Rotorua Lakes Programme continues to implement measures to maintain and restore lake water quality in line with trophic level indices (TLI’s) for respective lakes. In Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti this has also meant not only reducing nutrients to and in the lakes but also managing periodic cyano-bacterial (blue-green) algal blooms.
Restoration measures in the Rotorua and Rotoiti catchments have included land use management efforts to arrest nutrient inputs; diversion of Lake Rotorua waters from entering Rotoiti; sewage reticulation of lakeside communities; and treatment of inflows
with aluminium sulphate (alum). While restoration efforts have produced water quality gains in both lakes, in recent years, cyano-bacterial blooms have occurred in the shallow embayment of Lake Rotoiti, known as Okawa Bay.
These water quality gains have not come without a cost. Submerged aquatic weeds such as Hornwort are an increasing problem in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes and significant resources are needed to manage infestations primarily for aesthetic and recreational
amenity. Control of exotic aquatic weed is mostly with application of herbicide. Herbicide treatment leaves a decomposing biomass in the waterbody, potentially increasing the nutrient status.
We examine the impact aquatic weed decomposition has had on Okawa Bay’s nutrient status and the cyano-bacterial blooms over recent summers, and Bay of Plenty Regional Council’s response to reduce localised bloom development.

text: Recognising the negative impacts of aquatic weed management: Okawa Bay, Lake Rotoiti case study The Te Arawa Rotorua Lakes Programme continues to implement measures to maintain and restore lake water quality in line with trophic level indices (TLI’s) for respective lakes. In Lakes Rotorua and Rotoiti this has also meant not only reducing nutrients to and in the lakes but also managing periodic cyano-bacterial (blue-green) algal blooms.
Restoration measures in the Rotorua and Rotoiti catchments have included land use management efforts to arrest nutrient inputs; diversion of Lake Rotorua waters from entering Rotoiti; sewage reticulation of lakeside communities; and treatment of inflows
with aluminium sulphate (alum). While restoration efforts have produced water quality gains in both lakes, in recent years, cyano-bacterial blooms have occurred in the shallow embayment of Lake Rotoiti, known as Okawa Bay.
These water quality gains have not come without a cost. Submerged aquatic weeds such as Hornwort are an increasing problem in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes and significant resources are needed to manage infestations primarily for aesthetic and recreational
amenity. Control of exotic aquatic weed is mostly with application of herbicide. Herbicide treatment leaves a decomposing biomass in the waterbody, potentially increasing the nutrient status.
We examine the impact aquatic weed decomposition has had on Okawa Bay’s nutrient status and the cyano-bacterial blooms over recent summers, and Bay of Plenty Regional Council’s response to reduce localised bloom development.

year: 2015