title: Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Hong Kong employees

authors: Wong, Kenchi C.K.

subjects: GHQ-12

abstract: The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a widely used instrument for measuring psychological strain, but the factor structure of the GHQ-12 is inconclusive. The present study examined onefactor, two- and three-factor models of the GHQ-12 using structural equations modelling in a longitudinal data-set of Hong Kong employees. The findings supported a two-factor model consisting of a ‘Social Dysfunction’ factor measured by three items, and an ‘Anxiety/Depression’ factor measured by four items. Implications and limitations are discussed.

text: Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire-12 in a sample of Hong Kong employees The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a widely used instrument for measuring psychological strain, but the factor structure of the GHQ-12 is inconclusive. The present study examined onefactor, two- and three-factor models of the GHQ-12 using structural equations modelling in a longitudinal data-set of Hong Kong employees. The findings supported a two-factor model consisting of a ‘Social Dysfunction’ factor measured by three items, and an ‘Anxiety/Depression’ factor measured by four items. Implications and limitations are discussed.

year: 2016

title: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs

authors: Alshawaf, Arafat

subjects: Social Networking Technologies

abstract: Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

text: The use of social networking technologies for home-based online businesses: The case of Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs Over the years, many Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs have adopted social networking technologies, also called social networking sites, to overcome certain cultural challenges and to manage their home-based online businesses. The effectiveness of adopting social networking technologies to produce business benefits is an area that has received significant attention. However, most of the previous studies focus on ‘what social networking technologies do’ rather than ‘what impact social networking technologies have’. The purpose of this study is to better understand how Saudi Arabian female entrepreneurs -- a group about which little is known -- use social networking technologies to derive benefits from their utilisation and to enhance their home-based online businesses. It employs a qualitative approach to explore the opportunities and challenges that they experience when they use these technologies to run their businesses. 

The research questions centre around the business benefits derived from the use of social networking technologies in a home-based context, the motivations that drove the adaptation of these platforms, and the most critical issues women face when using these platforms for business activities. Interviewees in this study describe how they negotiate between entrepreneurship and technology values, in light of their cultural roles. They discuss how the available technology enables their personal growth and allows them to create jobs for themselves and to enter the labour market without physically leaving their homes.

The study reveals that the use of social networking technologies by Saudi female entrepreneurs achieves multiple objectives, including building their business brand, organising networks, and extending their customer base beyond family circles. The motivations of these female entrepreneurs are largely driven by personal desire, a need for professional growth and personal development, and a desire to serve their communities. The use of these technologies helps to create job opportunities and to achieve financial security, but the entrepreneurs also face a range of challenges. These include determining the most appropriate social networking technology to use for their specific business objectives, an initial lack of online marketing and management skills, and the need for additional resources to help them manage their online presence. In examining how social networking technologies are employed by Saudi female entrepreneurs, this study contributes to the extant literature on home-based entrepreneurship by focusing on a group about which minimal knowledge exists.

year: 2020

title: Understanding Māori rights and interests in intellectual property arising from research and innovation

authors: Sterling, Rogena

abstract: In the era of big data, the significance of data as a raw material for production and a source of societal and economic value has grown immensely. Advances in data mining, analytics, computing power, and storage capacity have facilitated broader access and utilization of big data for corporate and governmental purposes. This surge aligns with the knowledge economy, emphasizing knowledge-intensive activities to drive economic growth, a focus underscored in the latest Government Strategy.

However, as the knowledge economy expands, concerns arise about equity, Treaty partnerships, and the need to address issues of Māori data sovereignty and Indigenous data sovereignty. Discussions around Māori data sovereignty emphasize the importance of Māori control over various forms of Māori data, such as Mātauranga Māori, taonga species, and administrative data. Organizations like Te Mana Raraunga have been instrumental in developing principles and audit tools to support Māori data sovereignty.

Amidst these developments, questions have surfaced about the protection of Māori intellectual property (IP) within Aotearoa New Zealand, particularly outlined in the WAI262 report. This report, funded by Genomics Aotearoa and the National Science Challenge Science for Technological Innovation, aims to address these concerns. The project includes a literature review examining national legislation and international agreements constituting New Zealand's Intellectual Property Rights regime. This review explores how these frameworks safeguard Māori IP rights concerning Māori data, genomic data, and Mātauranga Māori. The second component involves a survey targeting research institutions to assess the presence of IP policies protecting Māori data in research and innovation processes.

The report provides a concise summary of the literature review and survey findings, with the overarching goal of assisting institutions in developing policies that safeguard Māori rights over their knowledge and data. The objective is to ensure equitable benefit-sharing throughout the innovation processes and address the evolving landscape of data sovereignty.

text: Understanding Māori rights and interests in intellectual property arising from research and innovation In the era of big data, the significance of data as a raw material for production and a source of societal and economic value has grown immensely. Advances in data mining, analytics, computing power, and storage capacity have facilitated broader access and utilization of big data for corporate and governmental purposes. This surge aligns with the knowledge economy, emphasizing knowledge-intensive activities to drive economic growth, a focus underscored in the latest Government Strategy.

However, as the knowledge economy expands, concerns arise about equity, Treaty partnerships, and the need to address issues of Māori data sovereignty and Indigenous data sovereignty. Discussions around Māori data sovereignty emphasize the importance of Māori control over various forms of Māori data, such as Mātauranga Māori, taonga species, and administrative data. Organizations like Te Mana Raraunga have been instrumental in developing principles and audit tools to support Māori data sovereignty.

Amidst these developments, questions have surfaced about the protection of Māori intellectual property (IP) within Aotearoa New Zealand, particularly outlined in the WAI262 report. This report, funded by Genomics Aotearoa and the National Science Challenge Science for Technological Innovation, aims to address these concerns. The project includes a literature review examining national legislation and international agreements constituting New Zealand's Intellectual Property Rights regime. This review explores how these frameworks safeguard Māori IP rights concerning Māori data, genomic data, and Mātauranga Māori. The second component involves a survey targeting research institutions to assess the presence of IP policies protecting Māori data in research and innovation processes.

The report provides a concise summary of the literature review and survey findings, with the overarching goal of assisting institutions in developing policies that safeguard Māori rights over their knowledge and data. The objective is to ensure equitable benefit-sharing throughout the innovation processes and address the evolving landscape of data sovereignty.

year: 2021-05