title: The use of the reciprocals of positive and negative inertial functions in asymptotic modelling

authors: Williams, F.W.

subjects: inverse inertia

abstract: This paper shows how the recently introduced concept of positive and negative inertial functions in asymptotic modelling may be used effectively. Noting an almost linear variation of the natural frequency over a wide range of values of the reciprocal of the inertial parameter, the results presented show that both the natural frequencies of constrained systems can be calculated accurately using only moderately large artificial inertial parameters, e.g. which are only about 10 times that of the system mass and also that values about a million times more than this do not precipitate ill-conditioning when using 16 figure computer accuracy. This helps to minimize the chances of numerical problems occurring due to the limitation of machine precision.

text: The use of the reciprocals of positive and negative inertial functions in asymptotic modelling This paper shows how the recently introduced concept of positive and negative inertial functions in asymptotic modelling may be used effectively. Noting an almost linear variation of the natural frequency over a wide range of values of the reciprocal of the inertial parameter, the results presented show that both the natural frequencies of constrained systems can be calculated accurately using only moderately large artificial inertial parameters, e.g. which are only about 10 times that of the system mass and also that values about a million times more than this do not precipitate ill-conditioning when using 16 figure computer accuracy. This helps to minimize the chances of numerical problems occurring due to the limitation of machine precision.

year: 2006

title: Relational random forests based on random relational rules

authors: Anderson, Grant

subjects: computer science

abstract: Random Forests have been shown to perform very well in propositional learning. FORF is an upgrade of Random Forests for relational data. In this paper we investigate shortcomings of FORF and propose an alternative algorithm, R⁴F, for generating Random Forests over relational data. R⁴F employs randomly generated relational rules as fully self-contained Boolean tests inside each node in a tree and thus can be viewed as an instance of dynamic propositionalization. The implementation of R⁴F allows for the simultaneous or parallel growth of all the branches of all the trees in the ensemble in an efficient shared, but still single-threaded way. Experiments favorably compare R⁴F to both FORF and the combination of static propositionalization together with standard Random Forests. Various strategies for tree initialization and splitting of nodes, as well as resulting ensemble size, diversity, and computational complexity of R⁴F are also investigated.

text: Relational random forests based on random relational rules Random Forests have been shown to perform very well in propositional learning. FORF is an upgrade of Random Forests for relational data. In this paper we investigate shortcomings of FORF and propose an alternative algorithm, R⁴F, for generating Random Forests over relational data. R⁴F employs randomly generated relational rules as fully self-contained Boolean tests inside each node in a tree and thus can be viewed as an instance of dynamic propositionalization. The implementation of R⁴F allows for the simultaneous or parallel growth of all the branches of all the trees in the ensemble in an efficient shared, but still single-threaded way. Experiments favorably compare R⁴F to both FORF and the combination of static propositionalization together with standard Random Forests. Various strategies for tree initialization and splitting of nodes, as well as resulting ensemble size, diversity, and computational complexity of R⁴F are also investigated.

year: 2009

title: Iwi interests and the RMA: An evaluation of the quality of first generation council plans

authors: Jefferies, Richard

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This working paper analyses the processes adopted by councils for involving hapū
/iwi in plan implementation, including the resource consents process. Three topic issues were investigated to assess plan implementation — urban amenity,
storm water, and issues of importance to iwi. Questions were asked about the capacity of hapū/iwi to engage in the resource consent
process, which resource issues were of concern to them, their relationship with
council and consent applicants, and their perception of the consent process. Most resources listed in the questionnaire were of concern to hapū/iwi, with water
quality, wāhi tapu and heritage the most commonly cited. In conclusion, we found a general dissatisfaction on the part of hapū/iwi with
councils’ performance with respect to both Treaty relationships and consent
processing under the RMA. A further contributing factor to the poor relationships
found between hapū/iwi and councils, was the lack of clarity over the role of hapū and
iwi in resource management. In several districts, diverging responses from hapū/iwi
and councils to questions about level of understanding and commitment suggests there
is a need for more effective communication. These problems are compounded by the
generally low capacity of hapū/iwi to participate in resource consent processes. These findings suggest that there is much to be done to improve relationships and
behaviour of these key stakeholder groups in the plan implementation process if key
provisions in the RMA related to hapū/iwi interests are to be fulfilled. The differences
shown in reciprocal perceptions have serious implications for establishing a sound
working partnership between councils and hapū/iwi in their areas. Making clear these
discrepancies is a first step towards taking the measures needed for building a better
partnership. Further, the capacity of hapū/iwi to participate could be better utilised if
there was greater integration between regional and district councils on issues of
significance and processes for iwi involvement.

text: Iwi interests and the RMA: An evaluation of the quality of first generation council plans This working paper analyses the processes adopted by councils for involving hapū
/iwi in plan implementation, including the resource consents process. Three topic issues were investigated to assess plan implementation — urban amenity,
storm water, and issues of importance to iwi. Questions were asked about the capacity of hapū/iwi to engage in the resource consent
process, which resource issues were of concern to them, their relationship with
council and consent applicants, and their perception of the consent process. Most resources listed in the questionnaire were of concern to hapū/iwi, with water
quality, wāhi tapu and heritage the most commonly cited. In conclusion, we found a general dissatisfaction on the part of hapū/iwi with
councils’ performance with respect to both Treaty relationships and consent
processing under the RMA. A further contributing factor to the poor relationships
found between hapū/iwi and councils, was the lack of clarity over the role of hapū and
iwi in resource management. In several districts, diverging responses from hapū/iwi
and councils to questions about level of understanding and commitment suggests there
is a need for more effective communication. These problems are compounded by the
generally low capacity of hapū/iwi to participate in resource consent processes. These findings suggest that there is much to be done to improve relationships and
behaviour of these key stakeholder groups in the plan implementation process if key
provisions in the RMA related to hapū/iwi interests are to be fulfilled. The differences
shown in reciprocal perceptions have serious implications for establishing a sound
working partnership between councils and hapū/iwi in their areas. Making clear these
discrepancies is a first step towards taking the measures needed for building a better
partnership. Further, the capacity of hapū/iwi to participate could be better utilised if
there was greater integration between regional and district councils on issues of
significance and processes for iwi involvement.

year: 2002-10-31