title: Semantics in Greenstone

authors: Hinze, Annika

subjects: computer science

abstract: This chapter illustrates the impact on a well known digital library system - Greenstone - when it is moved from fixed modules and simple metadatabased structures, to open semantic digital library modules. This change has profound effects on the tools available to end-users to retrieve relevant content from the library, and an equally significant impact on the digital library (DL) architecture. Most current DL systems contain protocols for internal communication that define information exchange solely in terms of searching, browsing, and document retrieval. These communications reflect traditional user interactions in the library. However, this regimented approach results in inflexible systems that are difficult to extend to support other retrieval techniques. Furthermore, simple field-based metadata limits the ability of the DL to connect or disambiguate key items of information, impeding the precision of retrieval.

text: Semantics in Greenstone This chapter illustrates the impact on a well known digital library system - Greenstone - when it is moved from fixed modules and simple metadatabased structures, to open semantic digital library modules. This change has profound effects on the tools available to end-users to retrieve relevant content from the library, and an equally significant impact on the digital library (DL) architecture. Most current DL systems contain protocols for internal communication that define information exchange solely in terms of searching, browsing, and document retrieval. These communications reflect traditional user interactions in the library. However, this regimented approach results in inflexible systems that are difficult to extend to support other retrieval techniques. Furthermore, simple field-based metadata limits the ability of the DL to connect or disambiguate key items of information, impeding the precision of retrieval.

year: 2008

title: Linking multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess the ecological condition of streams

authors: Collier, Kevin J.

subjects: macroinvertebrate

abstract: Few attempts have been made to combine multimetric and multivariate analyses for bioassessment despite recognition that an integrated method could yield powerful tools for bioassessment. An approach is described that integrates eight macroinvertebrate community metrics into a Principal Components Analysis to develop a Multivariate Condition Score (MCS) from a calibration dataset of 511 samples. The MCS is compared to an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) derived using the same metrics based on the ratio to the reference site mean. Both approaches were highly correlated although the MCS appeared to offer greater potential for discriminating a wider range of impaired conditions. Both the MCS and IBI displayed low temporal variability within reference sites, and were able to distinguish between reference conditions and low levels of catchment modification and local habitat degradation, although neither discriminated among three levels of low impact. Pseudosamples developed to test the response of the metric aggregation approaches to organic enrichment, urban, mining, pastoral and logging stressor scenarios ranked pressures in the same order, but the MCS provided a lower score for the urban scenario and a higher score for the pastoral scenario. The MCS was calculated for an independent test dataset of urban and reference sites, and yielded similar results to the IBI. Although both methods performed comparably, the MCS approach may have some advantages because it removes the subjectivity of assigning thresholds for scoring biological condition, and it appears to discriminate a wider range of degraded conditions.

text: Linking multimetric and multivariate approaches to assess the ecological condition of streams Few attempts have been made to combine multimetric and multivariate analyses for bioassessment despite recognition that an integrated method could yield powerful tools for bioassessment. An approach is described that integrates eight macroinvertebrate community metrics into a Principal Components Analysis to develop a Multivariate Condition Score (MCS) from a calibration dataset of 511 samples. The MCS is compared to an Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) derived using the same metrics based on the ratio to the reference site mean. Both approaches were highly correlated although the MCS appeared to offer greater potential for discriminating a wider range of impaired conditions. Both the MCS and IBI displayed low temporal variability within reference sites, and were able to distinguish between reference conditions and low levels of catchment modification and local habitat degradation, although neither discriminated among three levels of low impact. Pseudosamples developed to test the response of the metric aggregation approaches to organic enrichment, urban, mining, pastoral and logging stressor scenarios ranked pressures in the same order, but the MCS provided a lower score for the urban scenario and a higher score for the pastoral scenario. The MCS was calculated for an independent test dataset of urban and reference sites, and yielded similar results to the IBI. Although both methods performed comparably, the MCS approach may have some advantages because it removes the subjectivity of assigning thresholds for scoring biological condition, and it appears to discriminate a wider range of degraded conditions.

year: 2009

title: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2015

authors: Waitoki, Waikaremoana

abstract: The Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) was established in August of 1997. The Unit acts as a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Māori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the School of Psychology, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the wider University and general community.

text: Māori & Psychology Research Unit Annual Report 2015 The Māori and Psychology Research Unit (MPRU) was established in August of 1997. The Unit acts as a catalyst and support network for enhancing research concerning the psychological needs, aspirations, and priorities of Māori people. The MPRU is well situated to draw together skilled and experienced interdisciplinary research groups by networking and establishing working relationships with staff and students within the School of Psychology, the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, the wider University and general community.

year: 2015