title: Unsettling will?

authors: Houlahan, Mark

subjects: Shakespeare

abstract: An important paradox resides in the fact that, for those represented in this special issue, there is no desire to ignore and forget Shakespeare’s works. Rather, the various material and theatrical practices discussed here seek to unsettle prior modes of presenting Shakespeare and, at the same time, to unsettle in various ways the local cultures these Shakespeare productions address. Frequently such approaches meet with resistance, as audiences and readers fail to recognise a Shakespeare with which they are comfortably familiar. Theatre practitioners, on the other hand, take at times a braver and certainly more optimistic approach. They gamble that audiences will feel sufficiently comfortable with Shakespeare to allow themselves and their idea of Shakespeare to be moved around. Again Cozzi’s specific and personal analysis of The Tempest is exemplary. In his eyes, the education lessons imparted by Prospero to Caliban, Ariel, Miranda and Ferdinand are severe, as are the lessons Prospero himself must learn. A production grounded in those issues would, however, at points, be uncomfortable for audiences to watch.

text: Unsettling will? An important paradox resides in the fact that, for those represented in this special issue, there is no desire to ignore and forget Shakespeare’s works. Rather, the various material and theatrical practices discussed here seek to unsettle prior modes of presenting Shakespeare and, at the same time, to unsettle in various ways the local cultures these Shakespeare productions address. Frequently such approaches meet with resistance, as audiences and readers fail to recognise a Shakespeare with which they are comfortably familiar. Theatre practitioners, on the other hand, take at times a braver and certainly more optimistic approach. They gamble that audiences will feel sufficiently comfortable with Shakespeare to allow themselves and their idea of Shakespeare to be moved around. Again Cozzi’s specific and personal analysis of The Tempest is exemplary. In his eyes, the education lessons imparted by Prospero to Caliban, Ariel, Miranda and Ferdinand are severe, as are the lessons Prospero himself must learn. A production grounded in those issues would, however, at points, be uncomfortable for audiences to watch.

year: 2009

title: Ultrasonic Air Leak Detection: An Investigation to Improve Accuracy of Leak Rate Estimation

authors: Wolstencroft, Hamish Roger

subjects: ultrasonic

abstract: A compressed air test rig was designed to develop new procedures and improve the reliability of results that are obtained when conducting a leak survey using an Ultrasonic leak detector such as the UE Systems Ultraprobe.

A test rig was designed that allowed the pressure of air in a compressed air system to be controlled by a regulator. This allowed experiments to be conducted that were able to recreate leak situations in a controlled environment. The pressure of the air through the test rig was measured both at the supply end and at the proximity of the leak site, while the volume flow rate was measured at the supply end of the rig.

A number of leak geometries were examined, with compressed air being passed through open ended tubing and also discs with different leak geometries, some round holes and some rectangular. Initial studies were also carried out on flange leaks and pinpricks and slits in lengths of tubing. These were omitted from the study at this stage to allow further experimentation to be conducted in both areas.

The experimentation was carried out using an Ultraprobe 9000 leak detector which was positioned at a set distance from the leak at a series of angles to the flow. The ultrasound level was measured at each point and compared with the pressure and volume flow rate of the air in the system.

The results showed that the ideal angle to ensure the maximum level of ultrasound is at 30 to the axis of the leak. While the optimum distance for ensuring a consistent level of ultrasound is 150mm from the leak.

The length of any air lines branching from the main distribution network is shown to be an important factor when quantifying the volumetric flow rate of air from an open ended tube or tubing with a significant orifice in it. The pressure drop in a 1m length of tubing was shown to be approximately 50%, and if you consider that often the flow rate being used has been obtained using the outside diameter of the tubing rather than the inside diameter this can become a considerable over estimation of leak rate.

The geometry of a regular shaped orifice, such as a round, or rectangular hole was shown to have little to no effect on the flow rate through it for a constant area. However a coefficient of discharge to account for imperfections in the flow was developed for round and rectangular geometries, these were 0.74 for a round hole and 0.79 for a rectangular hole. These correction factors in tandem with the length effect factor for tubing and the improvements to the measurement procedure, allow a higher degree of accuracy to be obtained when conducting a leak survey.

text: Ultrasonic Air Leak Detection: An Investigation to Improve Accuracy of Leak Rate Estimation A compressed air test rig was designed to develop new procedures and improve the reliability of results that are obtained when conducting a leak survey using an Ultrasonic leak detector such as the UE Systems Ultraprobe.

A test rig was designed that allowed the pressure of air in a compressed air system to be controlled by a regulator. This allowed experiments to be conducted that were able to recreate leak situations in a controlled environment. The pressure of the air through the test rig was measured both at the supply end and at the proximity of the leak site, while the volume flow rate was measured at the supply end of the rig.

A number of leak geometries were examined, with compressed air being passed through open ended tubing and also discs with different leak geometries, some round holes and some rectangular. Initial studies were also carried out on flange leaks and pinpricks and slits in lengths of tubing. These were omitted from the study at this stage to allow further experimentation to be conducted in both areas.

The experimentation was carried out using an Ultraprobe 9000 leak detector which was positioned at a set distance from the leak at a series of angles to the flow. The ultrasound level was measured at each point and compared with the pressure and volume flow rate of the air in the system.

The results showed that the ideal angle to ensure the maximum level of ultrasound is at 30 to the axis of the leak. While the optimum distance for ensuring a consistent level of ultrasound is 150mm from the leak.

The length of any air lines branching from the main distribution network is shown to be an important factor when quantifying the volumetric flow rate of air from an open ended tube or tubing with a significant orifice in it. The pressure drop in a 1m length of tubing was shown to be approximately 50%, and if you consider that often the flow rate being used has been obtained using the outside diameter of the tubing rather than the inside diameter this can become a considerable over estimation of leak rate.

The geometry of a regular shaped orifice, such as a round, or rectangular hole was shown to have little to no effect on the flow rate through it for a constant area. However a coefficient of discharge to account for imperfections in the flow was developed for round and rectangular geometries, these were 0.74 for a round hole and 0.79 for a rectangular hole. These correction factors in tandem with the length effect factor for tubing and the improvements to the measurement procedure, allow a higher degree of accuracy to be obtained when conducting a leak survey.

year: 2008

title: Spatial and temporal characteristics of the underwater soundscape around the Motiti Protection Area: Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef and Motiti Island

authors: Riegel, Maria Sophie

subjects: Underwater Soundscapes

abstract: Marine ecosystems around the world have been impacted by degradation and loss of biodiversity as a result of human impacts and climate change. The monitoring and management of ecologically significant areas is vital in understanding the effects of habitat degradation on marine ecosystems. Traditional monitoring methods are often expensive, time consuming, labour intensive and invasive. Soundscapes offer a unique opportunity for monitoring habitats in a way that is cost effective, minimally invasive and efficient. The aim of this study was to use passive acoustic monitoring to create a baseline data set using ambient sound data to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in ambient sound pressure levels, and to identify biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic sound sources which make up the marine soundscapes at the Motiti Island and Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef. Five diverse and ecologically significant sites in the Motiti Protection Area – at Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef and Motiti Island, in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand were selected and monitored over the course of a year. This provided a wide variety of data to show the diel, lunar and seasonal patterns and trends in acoustic biological activity in order to represent the ecosystems accurately. The results showed that all sites showed strong diel patterns, with a sound pressure level increase of ~6-10dB during daylight hours compared to dark hours, and evident peaks during dawn and dusk hours as a result of biological choruses composed largely of sea urchins. There were also strong seasonal trends among the five sites, with Summer having the overall highest sound pressure level compared to Spring, Autumn and Winter, this also had an effect on the peaks in dusk choruses, which were also found to be highest during Summer. Lunar phases were also found to have an impact on the sound pressure levels of all five sites, with increased sound pressure levels during the new moon, compared to sound pressure levels during the full moon. This study created a baseline data set for a culturally, ecologically, and economically valuable area. Passive acoustic monitoring was found to be an incredibly useful tool in understand the ecosystems health and biological condition, and offers an alternative to traditional monitoring which is an effective, minimally invasive, and less labour intensive way of monitoring marine ecosystems.

text: Spatial and temporal characteristics of the underwater soundscape around the Motiti Protection Area: Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef and Motiti Island Marine ecosystems around the world have been impacted by degradation and loss of biodiversity as a result of human impacts and climate change. The monitoring and management of ecologically significant areas is vital in understanding the effects of habitat degradation on marine ecosystems. Traditional monitoring methods are often expensive, time consuming, labour intensive and invasive. Soundscapes offer a unique opportunity for monitoring habitats in a way that is cost effective, minimally invasive and efficient. The aim of this study was to use passive acoustic monitoring to create a baseline data set using ambient sound data to investigate the spatial and temporal changes in ambient sound pressure levels, and to identify biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic sound sources which make up the marine soundscapes at the Motiti Island and Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef. Five diverse and ecologically significant sites in the Motiti Protection Area – at Ōtaiti/Astrolabe Reef and Motiti Island, in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand were selected and monitored over the course of a year. This provided a wide variety of data to show the diel, lunar and seasonal patterns and trends in acoustic biological activity in order to represent the ecosystems accurately. The results showed that all sites showed strong diel patterns, with a sound pressure level increase of ~6-10dB during daylight hours compared to dark hours, and evident peaks during dawn and dusk hours as a result of biological choruses composed largely of sea urchins. There were also strong seasonal trends among the five sites, with Summer having the overall highest sound pressure level compared to Spring, Autumn and Winter, this also had an effect on the peaks in dusk choruses, which were also found to be highest during Summer. Lunar phases were also found to have an impact on the sound pressure levels of all five sites, with increased sound pressure levels during the new moon, compared to sound pressure levels during the full moon. This study created a baseline data set for a culturally, ecologically, and economically valuable area. Passive acoustic monitoring was found to be an incredibly useful tool in understand the ecosystems health and biological condition, and offers an alternative to traditional monitoring which is an effective, minimally invasive, and less labour intensive way of monitoring marine ecosystems.

year: 2022