title: Passive detection of TCP congestion events

authors: Alcock, Shane

subjects: computer science

abstract: Detailed passive analysis of TCP sender behaviour requires accurate identification of congestion events. Previous tools that attempt to provide such information do not incorporate the behaviour of recent operating systems and TCP features and are therefore of little use to researchers analysing contemporary TCP traffic. In this paper, we present a new tool for identifying and classifying TCP congestion events from a passive packet trace, called tcpcsm, which understands modern operating system TCP behaviour. We discuss the major problems that occur when passively identifying TCP congestion events and describe how tcpcsm solves them. We also show that tcpcsm is more accurate than previous tools using a series of controlled experiments involving a variety of operating systems.

text: Passive detection of TCP congestion events Detailed passive analysis of TCP sender behaviour requires accurate identification of congestion events. Previous tools that attempt to provide such information do not incorporate the behaviour of recent operating systems and TCP features and are therefore of little use to researchers analysing contemporary TCP traffic. In this paper, we present a new tool for identifying and classifying TCP congestion events from a passive packet trace, called tcpcsm, which understands modern operating system TCP behaviour. We discuss the major problems that occur when passively identifying TCP congestion events and describe how tcpcsm solves them. We also show that tcpcsm is more accurate than previous tools using a series of controlled experiments involving a variety of operating systems.

year: 2011

title: Talk yuh talk: making sense of how graduate secondary teachers in Trinidad learned to teach without pre-service teacher education

authors: De Four-Babb, Joyanne

abstract: In Trinidad and Tobago graduate secondary teachers begin teaching with subject degrees, but without pre-service teacher training. How, then, do these people come to see themselves as teachers? How do they learn how to teach? I draw on life history, constructivism and discourse analysis for my analysis of teachers’ stories of beginning to teach. These stories were collected in individual interviews with 29 experienced graduate secondary teachers in Trinidad between March and August 2000. I use discourse analysis to explore the historical and policy context and highlight the dominant ideas about teachers and teaching that have been made available to teachers in Trinidad. I argue that in spite of the historical period in which they began to teach, the 29 interviewees’ interpretations and understandings of being a graduate secondary teacher and doing what they thought secondary teachers should do, were informed by dominant discourses such as the teacher as a transmitter of knowledge, a disciplinarian, a role model and a socially responsible person. These discourses were also evident in the wider official and common-sense ideas on secondary education, teachers, and teaching, as well as the recruitment practices of secondary teachers. I theorise about the ways in which these discourses created possibilities and sometimes put limits upon the interviewees’ construction of their practical professional knowledge - that is the knowledge they gained from day-to-day experiences of teaching. I recommend that pre-service and in-service teacher education programmes for secondary teachers in Trinidad must help teachers to explore why they may see themselves in certain ways and not in others. Schools should also play a more prominent role in the preparation and on-going professional development of graduate secondary teachers by seeking to become a place of learning for all teachers.

text: Talk yuh talk: making sense of how graduate secondary teachers in Trinidad learned to teach without pre-service teacher education In Trinidad and Tobago graduate secondary teachers begin teaching with subject degrees, but without pre-service teacher training. How, then, do these people come to see themselves as teachers? How do they learn how to teach? I draw on life history, constructivism and discourse analysis for my analysis of teachers’ stories of beginning to teach. These stories were collected in individual interviews with 29 experienced graduate secondary teachers in Trinidad between March and August 2000. I use discourse analysis to explore the historical and policy context and highlight the dominant ideas about teachers and teaching that have been made available to teachers in Trinidad. I argue that in spite of the historical period in which they began to teach, the 29 interviewees’ interpretations and understandings of being a graduate secondary teacher and doing what they thought secondary teachers should do, were informed by dominant discourses such as the teacher as a transmitter of knowledge, a disciplinarian, a role model and a socially responsible person. These discourses were also evident in the wider official and common-sense ideas on secondary education, teachers, and teaching, as well as the recruitment practices of secondary teachers. I theorise about the ways in which these discourses created possibilities and sometimes put limits upon the interviewees’ construction of their practical professional knowledge - that is the knowledge they gained from day-to-day experiences of teaching. I recommend that pre-service and in-service teacher education programmes for secondary teachers in Trinidad must help teachers to explore why they may see themselves in certain ways and not in others. Schools should also play a more prominent role in the preparation and on-going professional development of graduate secondary teachers by seeking to become a place of learning for all teachers.

year: 2003

title: Traittore; Traduttore: Cultural integrity and translation involving Maori and other indigenous languages

authors: Roa, Tom

subjects: Ethics of translation

abstract: Traittore; Traduttore is Italian for Traitor; Translator. I argue here that translation from or into an indigenous language such as Māori is always, whatever the content and function of the source text, a political act and that, therefore, a Code of Ethics grounded in indigenous perspectives is essential if the ever-present danger of cultural betrayal is to be avoided.

text: Traittore; Traduttore: Cultural integrity and translation involving Maori and other indigenous languages Traittore; Traduttore is Italian for Traitor; Translator. I argue here that translation from or into an indigenous language such as Māori is always, whatever the content and function of the source text, a political act and that, therefore, a Code of Ethics grounded in indigenous perspectives is essential if the ever-present danger of cultural betrayal is to be avoided.

year: 2004