title: Critically unpacking professionalism in hospitality: Knowledge, meaningful work and dignity

authors: Cockburn-Wootten, Cheryl

subjects: hospitality

abstract: Calls for change within the hospitality sector have argued for the industry to seriously consider the implementation of professionalism. Concerns have been raised about the workplace conditions of many employees, the readiness of graduates to meet or challenge these practices, and commitment to sustainability in promoting and respecting the rights of people in the workplace. In this conceptual article traditional perspectives of professionalism are critically examined. A key argument is that recent changes to professionalism have transformed the term into another discursive tool for discipline, performance and control. Rather than focusing on professionalism this article asserts that the sector should seriously consider implementing meaningful work and dignity. The article concludes that integrating these concepts through practices such as caring relationships, trust and education of managers starts to open up avenues for change in this hostile industry. Overall, the article argues that by adopting a broader understanding of professionalism, one that incorporates communication and collaboration, and challenges the lack of dignity in the workplace, we can start to open up possibilities for interdisciplinary work and more importantly, change.

text: Critically unpacking professionalism in hospitality: Knowledge, meaningful work and dignity Calls for change within the hospitality sector have argued for the industry to seriously consider the implementation of professionalism. Concerns have been raised about the workplace conditions of many employees, the readiness of graduates to meet or challenge these practices, and commitment to sustainability in promoting and respecting the rights of people in the workplace. In this conceptual article traditional perspectives of professionalism are critically examined. A key argument is that recent changes to professionalism have transformed the term into another discursive tool for discipline, performance and control. Rather than focusing on professionalism this article asserts that the sector should seriously consider implementing meaningful work and dignity. The article concludes that integrating these concepts through practices such as caring relationships, trust and education of managers starts to open up avenues for change in this hostile industry. Overall, the article argues that by adopting a broader understanding of professionalism, one that incorporates communication and collaboration, and challenges the lack of dignity in the workplace, we can start to open up possibilities for interdisciplinary work and more importantly, change.

year: 2012

title: Morality and the criminal law: an examination of some recent attempts to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law

authors: Macdonald, Douglas Alan

abstract: The aim of this essay is to show that any attempt to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law must fail. In Chapter 1 an attempt is made to refute the Wolfenden Committee's contention that society must recognise 'a realm of private morality and immorality which is … not the law's business.' In so far as his arguments also pursue this aim Lord Devlin' s thesis is defended but no attempt is made to defend all that he said. Briefly, the argument advanced asserts that, if it is accepted that any society has the right to take whatever steps it considers necessary to ensure its continued survival then no jurisdictional barrier, such as that proposed by the Wolfenden Committee can be erected, owing to the public nature of all conduct. In other words, if by ' private morality and immorality ' is meant ' private behaviour in matters of morals' then there is no sphere of morality which can be distinguished on the ground that it has no public effect. The argument that there can be no theoretical limits placed on the proper scope of the law does not commit one to holding that all immoral conduct ought to be prohibited by law but rather that any immoral conduct may justifiably be prohibited.

text: Morality and the criminal law: an examination of some recent attempts to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law The aim of this essay is to show that any attempt to define theoretical limits to the proper scope of the criminal law must fail. In Chapter 1 an attempt is made to refute the Wolfenden Committee's contention that society must recognise 'a realm of private morality and immorality which is … not the law's business.' In so far as his arguments also pursue this aim Lord Devlin' s thesis is defended but no attempt is made to defend all that he said. Briefly, the argument advanced asserts that, if it is accepted that any society has the right to take whatever steps it considers necessary to ensure its continued survival then no jurisdictional barrier, such as that proposed by the Wolfenden Committee can be erected, owing to the public nature of all conduct. In other words, if by ' private morality and immorality ' is meant ' private behaviour in matters of morals' then there is no sphere of morality which can be distinguished on the ground that it has no public effect. The argument that there can be no theoretical limits placed on the proper scope of the law does not commit one to holding that all immoral conduct ought to be prohibited by law but rather that any immoral conduct may justifiably be prohibited.

year: 1972

title: Iwi sex ratios in the New Zealand population census: Why are women so dominant?

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: Recent census-based studies of iwi (tribal) population growth have revealed a high degree of volatility that cannot be explained by demographic factors alone. Although focused on a small number of iwi, these studies have shown that changing patterns of identification are an important driver of iwi population growth, and that the propensity to identify with an iwi appears to be much stronger among Māori women than men. Thus, the vast majority of iwi in the census have far more females than males, and female domination has increased over time. This paper describes the key features of female-favoured iwi sex ratios in the census and explores possible explanations. Focusing on sex ratios for the ten largest iwi, we find that female domination is highest in the 25–44 age group, and that this pattern is consistent over time. Further analysis shows that Māori women aged 25–34 years are more likely than their male counterparts to know detailed aspects of their pepeha (tribal identity), to explore whakapapa (genealogy) and to speak te reo Māori. Our results underscore the importance of Māori women as cultural connectors within their whānau, as well as in a broader iwi context.

text: Iwi sex ratios in the New Zealand population census: Why are women so dominant? Recent census-based studies of iwi (tribal) population growth have revealed a high degree of volatility that cannot be explained by demographic factors alone. Although focused on a small number of iwi, these studies have shown that changing patterns of identification are an important driver of iwi population growth, and that the propensity to identify with an iwi appears to be much stronger among Māori women than men. Thus, the vast majority of iwi in the census have far more females than males, and female domination has increased over time. This paper describes the key features of female-favoured iwi sex ratios in the census and explores possible explanations. Focusing on sex ratios for the ten largest iwi, we find that female domination is highest in the 25–44 age group, and that this pattern is consistent over time. Further analysis shows that Māori women aged 25–34 years are more likely than their male counterparts to know detailed aspects of their pepeha (tribal identity), to explore whakapapa (genealogy) and to speak te reo Māori. Our results underscore the importance of Māori women as cultural connectors within their whānau, as well as in a broader iwi context.

year: 2017