title: Tephrostratigraphy arid chronology of the kaipo lagoon, an 11, 500 year-old montane peat bog in urewera national Park, New Zealand

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: Eleven well-preserved Holocene tephras occur interbedded with peat in the Kaipo Lagoon bog in Urewera National Park, North Island. They are identified chiefly by their field appearance, stratigraphy, and ferromagnesian mineralogy. Glass shards from one tephra (Hinemaiaia) were analysed by electron microprobe.The tephras originate from the Taupo, Okataina, and Tongariro Volcanic Centres and, from youngest to oldest, are: Kaharoa Ash, Taupo Pumice, Mapara Tephra, Waimihia Lapilli, Hinemaiaia Tephra, Whakatane Ash, Rotoma Ash, Opepe Tephra, Poronui Tephra, Karapiti Tephra, and Okupata Tephra. Thirteen new radiocarbon ages were obtained on six of the tephras (old TY2, years B.P.): Waimihia, 3, 250 ± 70 (Wk498), 2, 910 ± 60 (Wk499), 3, 040 ± 50 (Wk500); Hinemaiaia and Whakatane, 4, 490 ± 60 (Wk496), 4, 530 ± 60 (Wk497); Whakatane, 4, 860 ± 70 (Wk501); Rotoma, 5, 440 ± 170 (Wk493), 7, 380 ± 80 (Wk494), 7, 560 ± 100 (Wk495) (Wk493 -495 are all considered anomalously young); Opepe, 8, 7lO ± 80 (Wk492); Poronui, 10, 160 ± 130 (Wk351), 9, 960 ± 90 (Wk352), 9, 560 ± 80 (Wk491). Estimated ages, assuming constant sedimentation rates, for Karapiti Tephra and Okupata Tephra are 10, 100 and 10, 300 years, respectively. Two peat horizons below the Okupata Tephra were dated at (old TY2) 10, 600 ± 90 years B.P. (Wk263) and 11, 500 ± 80 years B.P. (Wk264) and date the initial growth of the Kaipo Lagoon bog. Peat accumulation rates have been slow (average 0.19 mm/year) but variable.The identification and dating of the tephras at Kaipo extends their known distribution in eastern North Island, and improves their potential usefulness as isochronous stratigraphic marker units.

text: Tephrostratigraphy arid chronology of the kaipo lagoon, an 11, 500 year-old montane peat bog in urewera national Park, New Zealand Eleven well-preserved Holocene tephras occur interbedded with peat in the Kaipo Lagoon bog in Urewera National Park, North Island. They are identified chiefly by their field appearance, stratigraphy, and ferromagnesian mineralogy. Glass shards from one tephra (Hinemaiaia) were analysed by electron microprobe.The tephras originate from the Taupo, Okataina, and Tongariro Volcanic Centres and, from youngest to oldest, are: Kaharoa Ash, Taupo Pumice, Mapara Tephra, Waimihia Lapilli, Hinemaiaia Tephra, Whakatane Ash, Rotoma Ash, Opepe Tephra, Poronui Tephra, Karapiti Tephra, and Okupata Tephra. Thirteen new radiocarbon ages were obtained on six of the tephras (old TY2, years B.P.): Waimihia, 3, 250 ± 70 (Wk498), 2, 910 ± 60 (Wk499), 3, 040 ± 50 (Wk500); Hinemaiaia and Whakatane, 4, 490 ± 60 (Wk496), 4, 530 ± 60 (Wk497); Whakatane, 4, 860 ± 70 (Wk501); Rotoma, 5, 440 ± 170 (Wk493), 7, 380 ± 80 (Wk494), 7, 560 ± 100 (Wk495) (Wk493 -495 are all considered anomalously young); Opepe, 8, 7lO ± 80 (Wk492); Poronui, 10, 160 ± 130 (Wk351), 9, 960 ± 90 (Wk352), 9, 560 ± 80 (Wk491). Estimated ages, assuming constant sedimentation rates, for Karapiti Tephra and Okupata Tephra are 10, 100 and 10, 300 years, respectively. Two peat horizons below the Okupata Tephra were dated at (old TY2) 10, 600 ± 90 years B.P. (Wk263) and 11, 500 ± 80 years B.P. (Wk264) and date the initial growth of the Kaipo Lagoon bog. Peat accumulation rates have been slow (average 0.19 mm/year) but variable.The identification and dating of the tephras at Kaipo extends their known distribution in eastern North Island, and improves their potential usefulness as isochronous stratigraphic marker units.

year: 1986-01-01

title: Identifying the Processes of Value Co-Creation

authors: Rashid, Yasir

subjects: Value Co-Creation

abstract: This study aimed to address the issues pertaining practicalities of value co-creation from the perspective of Service-Dominant Logic (S-D) of Marketing. Using an interpretive strategy and case study method, this study responds to the call for empirical treatment of Service-Dominant Logic conceptualization. This is done by answering the question “how does integrating resources co-create value?”. A multiple-actor framework of value co-creation is derived from empirical material interpretation incorporating the nature of value realized by actors, resources and actor classifications, nature of interactions, and stages in value co-creation. 

The outcome of this study suggests that value co-creation is a system where actors engage in dialogues with the aim of improving ‘personal situations’. This system is comprised of various processes at four stages. For instance, resources integration among actors happens at a collaboration stage that co-creates consequences. These consequences are experiences, service offerings, relationships and fluctuations in resources and skills. Resources integration is done through reciprocal co-operative dialogue among actors. These dialogues have four types: initiating, building, sharing and critiquing (IBSC). In the next stage, value is realized in the form of inter-related facets: knowledge, monetary, relationship, functional and experience value. All these value facets together increase or decrease the experience value. Once value is realized, the next stage is the appraisal of the overall experience in the form of positive word of mouth, willingness to participate in the future, innovation, and premium valuation of the service offerings. Positive appraisal results in the improved situations of actors. Improved situations are: increase in resources, actors satisfaction, long-term and sustainable partnerships, and successful service delivery. A negative appraisal recognizes in the co-destruction of value. 

This framework is significant because in addition to providing implications for marketing theory and future research, 4E’s of value co-creation matrix (Engage, Event Space, Evaluation , Encourage) which are focused on resource integrations and actors, are recommended for value co-creation practices. 4E’s of value co-creation also question the efficacy of marketing mix in framing managerial decisions. 4E’s of value co-creation presents a service dominant perspective on developing marketing strategies.

text: Identifying the Processes of Value Co-Creation This study aimed to address the issues pertaining practicalities of value co-creation from the perspective of Service-Dominant Logic (S-D) of Marketing. Using an interpretive strategy and case study method, this study responds to the call for empirical treatment of Service-Dominant Logic conceptualization. This is done by answering the question “how does integrating resources co-create value?”. A multiple-actor framework of value co-creation is derived from empirical material interpretation incorporating the nature of value realized by actors, resources and actor classifications, nature of interactions, and stages in value co-creation. 

The outcome of this study suggests that value co-creation is a system where actors engage in dialogues with the aim of improving ‘personal situations’. This system is comprised of various processes at four stages. For instance, resources integration among actors happens at a collaboration stage that co-creates consequences. These consequences are experiences, service offerings, relationships and fluctuations in resources and skills. Resources integration is done through reciprocal co-operative dialogue among actors. These dialogues have four types: initiating, building, sharing and critiquing (IBSC). In the next stage, value is realized in the form of inter-related facets: knowledge, monetary, relationship, functional and experience value. All these value facets together increase or decrease the experience value. Once value is realized, the next stage is the appraisal of the overall experience in the form of positive word of mouth, willingness to participate in the future, innovation, and premium valuation of the service offerings. Positive appraisal results in the improved situations of actors. Improved situations are: increase in resources, actors satisfaction, long-term and sustainable partnerships, and successful service delivery. A negative appraisal recognizes in the co-destruction of value. 

This framework is significant because in addition to providing implications for marketing theory and future research, 4E’s of value co-creation matrix (Engage, Event Space, Evaluation , Encourage) which are focused on resource integrations and actors, are recommended for value co-creation practices. 4E’s of value co-creation also question the efficacy of marketing mix in framing managerial decisions. 4E’s of value co-creation presents a service dominant perspective on developing marketing strategies.

year: 2015

title: Working to End Racial Oppression: Project findings

authors: Waitoki, Moana

abstract: WERO webinar hosted by Māori and Indigenous Analysis Ltd & AATEA Solutions.

text: Working to End Racial Oppression: Project findings WERO webinar hosted by Māori and Indigenous Analysis Ltd & AATEA Solutions.

year: 2025