title: In loco parentis and the professional responsibilities of teachers.

authors: Hall, Alan J.

subjects: educational accountability

abstract: This paper examines the concept of in loco parentis in the light of its legal origins and considers its relevance to contemporary schooling, particularly the professional responsibilities of teachers. It is argued that from a legal perspective, in loco parentis is now largely an anachronism in New Zealand education, although it appears to have some limited application in non-compulsory and out-of-school-hours educational activities. From an ethical point of view, the concept remains useful because it stresses the duty of care that professional teachers have towards their students. However, teachers need to be clear about its extremely limited legal relevance as either a source of teacher authority or a legal basis for teachers to attend to the health and well-being of their students. In the main, its old functions have been superseded by much more specific legislation

text: In loco parentis and the professional responsibilities of teachers. This paper examines the concept of in loco parentis in the light of its legal origins and considers its relevance to contemporary schooling, particularly the professional responsibilities of teachers. It is argued that from a legal perspective, in loco parentis is now largely an anachronism in New Zealand education, although it appears to have some limited application in non-compulsory and out-of-school-hours educational activities. From an ethical point of view, the concept remains useful because it stresses the duty of care that professional teachers have towards their students. However, teachers need to be clear about its extremely limited legal relevance as either a source of teacher authority or a legal basis for teachers to attend to the health and well-being of their students. In the main, its old functions have been superseded by much more specific legislation

year: 2001

title: Modelling income effects on long and short haul international travel from Japan

authors: Lim, Christine

subjects: Japanese travel demand

abstract: International travel and tourism are among the most dynamic sectors in the modern economy. The phenomenal growth in international tourist arrivals has significantly outpaced global economic growth over the previous five decades, with particularly strong growth in the Asia and Pacific regions. Among other factors, changes in aircraft technology, economic prosperity and international air service liberalization in the late 1970s have contributed to the growth in the Japanese long haul outbound travel demand. The prolonged economic recession in Japan in the 1990s has changed Japanese outbound tourist preferences for travel to short haul destinations. Income in the origin country is arguably the most widely used explanatory variable in the extant empirical tourism demand literature. This paper examines the dynamic relationship between travel demand and real income in Japan using linear and nonlinear models in order to distinguish between travel demand to Taiwan and New Zealand, which are two short and long haul markets for Japan. The empirical findings that New Zealand has a higher income elasticity of demand as compared with Taiwan should be useful for tourism authorities in developing better informed policies and to manage tourism resources efficiently in destination marketing.

text: Modelling income effects on long and short haul international travel from Japan International travel and tourism are among the most dynamic sectors in the modern economy. The phenomenal growth in international tourist arrivals has significantly outpaced global economic growth over the previous five decades, with particularly strong growth in the Asia and Pacific regions. Among other factors, changes in aircraft technology, economic prosperity and international air service liberalization in the late 1970s have contributed to the growth in the Japanese long haul outbound travel demand. The prolonged economic recession in Japan in the 1990s has changed Japanese outbound tourist preferences for travel to short haul destinations. Income in the origin country is arguably the most widely used explanatory variable in the extant empirical tourism demand literature. This paper examines the dynamic relationship between travel demand and real income in Japan using linear and nonlinear models in order to distinguish between travel demand to Taiwan and New Zealand, which are two short and long haul markets for Japan. The empirical findings that New Zealand has a higher income elasticity of demand as compared with Taiwan should be useful for tourism authorities in developing better informed policies and to manage tourism resources efficiently in destination marketing.

year: 2008

title: Dialogue as a method for evolving Mātauranga Māori: Perspectives on the use of embryos in research

authors: Hudson, Maui

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: This paper explores the epistemological divide between mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and science, and considers which cultural concepts have relevance when considering the use of embryos in research. We argue that empowerment is a necessary precursor for a dialogue process to be effective and to maintain the cultural dignity and confidence of the participants. Negotiating spaces to share ideas, concepts and values between different knowledge systems is an important exercise that creates opportunities for innovative thinking. The identification of cultural cues and indigenous reference points for considering how knowledge relating to embryo research might be located within a traditional knowledge schema is a necessary type of activity to ensure mātauranga Māori maintains its usefulness for Māori in a changing society while retaining its indigenous spirit and cultural tradition.

text: Dialogue as a method for evolving Mātauranga Māori: Perspectives on the use of embryos in research This paper explores the epistemological divide between mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and science, and considers which cultural concepts have relevance when considering the use of embryos in research. We argue that empowerment is a necessary precursor for a dialogue process to be effective and to maintain the cultural dignity and confidence of the participants. Negotiating spaces to share ideas, concepts and values between different knowledge systems is an important exercise that creates opportunities for innovative thinking. The identification of cultural cues and indigenous reference points for considering how knowledge relating to embryo research might be located within a traditional knowledge schema is a necessary type of activity to ensure mātauranga Māori maintains its usefulness for Māori in a changing society while retaining its indigenous spirit and cultural tradition.

year: 2010