title: Multi-dimensional circular supply chain management: A comparative review of the state-of-the-art practices and research

authors: Zhang, Abraham

abstract: The circular economy (CE) concept has gained wide attention in practice as well as in academia in recent years. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art practices and research in “circular supply chain management” (CSCM), i.e., the integration of CE thinking into supply chain management (SCM) with the goal of achieving “zero wastes”. The review covers 68 real-life CE implementation cases collected by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and 124 publications in well-established, high-ranking academic journals in operations and supply chain management. The comparative review shows that CSCM encompasses multiple dimensions, including closed-loop SCM, reverse SCM, remanufacturing SCM, recycling SCM, and industrial symbiosis. A multi-dimensional CSCM (MD-CSCM) framework is developed to synthesize their interrelationships and to categorize academic publications into multiple research themes. Based on the identified research-practice gaps and pressing research needs, this study discusses important directions for future studies to advance supply chain circularity.

text: Multi-dimensional circular supply chain management: A comparative review of the state-of-the-art practices and research The circular economy (CE) concept has gained wide attention in practice as well as in academia in recent years. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art practices and research in “circular supply chain management” (CSCM), i.e., the integration of CE thinking into supply chain management (SCM) with the goal of achieving “zero wastes”. The review covers 68 real-life CE implementation cases collected by the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and 124 publications in well-established, high-ranking academic journals in operations and supply chain management. The comparative review shows that CSCM encompasses multiple dimensions, including closed-loop SCM, reverse SCM, remanufacturing SCM, recycling SCM, and industrial symbiosis. A multi-dimensional CSCM (MD-CSCM) framework is developed to synthesize their interrelationships and to categorize academic publications into multiple research themes. Based on the identified research-practice gaps and pressing research needs, this study discusses important directions for future studies to advance supply chain circularity.

year: 2021-10-14

title: Air Force Pataka: Fifty years of the Royal New Zealand Air Force in Hamilton: A history of the Te Rapa Air Force Base 1942-1992

authors: Amner, Lindsay

subjects: Military bases New Zealand

abstract: As a boy growing up in Hamilton in the 1970s, I can remember the hundreds of times we drove past the Te Rapa Air Force Base, and how each time I searched intently for a glimpse of the Grumman Avenger parked inside the gates. Great was my excitement if I ever got a good look, and great was my disappointment when in 1978, the Avenger was removed for a reason beyond my limited understanding. 
Also beyond my understanding was the purpose of the Base itself. In spite of my intent gaze on our trips to Auckland, I can seldom recall ever seeing a uniformed serviceman, and I certainly never saw the faintest sign of aircraft landing or taking off, which as every small boy knows, must be the sole purpose for an Air Force Base. Was there an underground airstrip? Or did the Base have some secret purpose which small boys were not permitted to know? Whatever the reason, the Base was a solid existence on the road out of Hamilton towards Auckland, and I, like most other Hamiltonians, accepted its presence without ever really knowing or questioning its true role. 
This study will show the purpose of the Te Rapa Base and in discussing its function will also show the wider aspect of the relationship of the Base to the city of Hamilton. The questions of whether the Base adequately filled the role for which it was designed, and why the Base was finally closed down, will be answered as this history of the Air Force supply house unfolds.

text: Air Force Pataka: Fifty years of the Royal New Zealand Air Force in Hamilton: A history of the Te Rapa Air Force Base 1942-1992 As a boy growing up in Hamilton in the 1970s, I can remember the hundreds of times we drove past the Te Rapa Air Force Base, and how each time I searched intently for a glimpse of the Grumman Avenger parked inside the gates. Great was my excitement if I ever got a good look, and great was my disappointment when in 1978, the Avenger was removed for a reason beyond my limited understanding. 
Also beyond my understanding was the purpose of the Base itself. In spite of my intent gaze on our trips to Auckland, I can seldom recall ever seeing a uniformed serviceman, and I certainly never saw the faintest sign of aircraft landing or taking off, which as every small boy knows, must be the sole purpose for an Air Force Base. Was there an underground airstrip? Or did the Base have some secret purpose which small boys were not permitted to know? Whatever the reason, the Base was a solid existence on the road out of Hamilton towards Auckland, and I, like most other Hamiltonians, accepted its presence without ever really knowing or questioning its true role. 
This study will show the purpose of the Te Rapa Base and in discussing its function will also show the wider aspect of the relationship of the Base to the city of Hamilton. The questions of whether the Base adequately filled the role for which it was designed, and why the Base was finally closed down, will be answered as this history of the Air Force supply house unfolds.

year: 1993

title: Formulaic Discourse Patterning in Mōteatea

authors: Roa, Te Raukura o Te Rangimarie

subjects: mōteatea

abstract: Oral formulaic composition, which involves the use of communally owned formulae of various kinds, is a common feature of verbal arts produced in many different languages. It is particularly associated with pre-literate cultures and tends to be gradually replaced by more individualistic verbal art forms when societies become literate. There are very few publications in which the analysis of mōteatea (Māori laments) is linked explicitly to oral formulaic theory. Nevertheless, there is, I believe, sufficient evidence in published sources to indicate that traditional mōteatea (defined here as mōteatea that are not fundamentally influenced by European cultural beliefs and practices) exhibit evidence of regularly recurring, conventional themes (such as death, separation, loss and travel) and motifs (such as the setting sun, the presence of rain or mist and sleeplessness).  There is, however, considerably less evidence that traditional mōteatea make extensive use of verbal formulae, that is, of the same or very similar groups of words derived from a common store of poetic resources. Although there are references in the literature to the conventionalized use of language in mōteatea, and although it has been claimed that there are at least some commonly recurring verbal expressions, this is by no means evidence of reliance on a common stock of verbal formulae. Indeed, no attempt has hitherto been made to define precisely what might be meant by the term 'oral formula' in the context of compositions in te reo Māori, something that is clearly required in view, in particular, of the fact that the phrasal structure of the language means that certain groupings (e.g. i te X; ki te X) are very likely to occur in certain contexts irrespective of genre. Furthermore, in the literature on oral formulaic composition, oral formulae are generally linked to particular metrical conditions and there is, it is argued here, no convincing empirically-based evidence that mōteatea conform to any common metrical structure or structures (see Chapters 2 and 4).

In the context of a critical review of selected literature on oral formulaic theory (Chapter 2) and mōteatea (Chapter 3), this thesis sets out to test the hypothesis that traditional mōteatea were composed, in whole or in large part, from a common stock of oral formulae. The conclusion, based on analysis of a selection of mōteatea included in Ngā mōteatea, a collection initially established by Sir Apirana Ngata, is that this hypothesis must be rejected (Chapter 4). However, a model derived from a review of selected literature on discourse structure (Chapter 5) was also applied to the analysis of a sample of these mōteatea (Chapter 6). On the basis of this analysis, it is concluded that they exhibit one of two very similar discourse prototypes, each of which involves a particular combination of discourse elements. What distinguishes the two prototypes is the fact that only one of them is characterized by the inclusion of hortatory sections in which the poet urges one or more of the protagonists to undergo one or more steps or stages required to achieve a particular outcome, such as entry into the spirit world or vengeance for death and/ or humiliation.

text: Formulaic Discourse Patterning in Mōteatea Oral formulaic composition, which involves the use of communally owned formulae of various kinds, is a common feature of verbal arts produced in many different languages. It is particularly associated with pre-literate cultures and tends to be gradually replaced by more individualistic verbal art forms when societies become literate. There are very few publications in which the analysis of mōteatea (Māori laments) is linked explicitly to oral formulaic theory. Nevertheless, there is, I believe, sufficient evidence in published sources to indicate that traditional mōteatea (defined here as mōteatea that are not fundamentally influenced by European cultural beliefs and practices) exhibit evidence of regularly recurring, conventional themes (such as death, separation, loss and travel) and motifs (such as the setting sun, the presence of rain or mist and sleeplessness).  There is, however, considerably less evidence that traditional mōteatea make extensive use of verbal formulae, that is, of the same or very similar groups of words derived from a common store of poetic resources. Although there are references in the literature to the conventionalized use of language in mōteatea, and although it has been claimed that there are at least some commonly recurring verbal expressions, this is by no means evidence of reliance on a common stock of verbal formulae. Indeed, no attempt has hitherto been made to define precisely what might be meant by the term 'oral formula' in the context of compositions in te reo Māori, something that is clearly required in view, in particular, of the fact that the phrasal structure of the language means that certain groupings (e.g. i te X; ki te X) are very likely to occur in certain contexts irrespective of genre. Furthermore, in the literature on oral formulaic composition, oral formulae are generally linked to particular metrical conditions and there is, it is argued here, no convincing empirically-based evidence that mōteatea conform to any common metrical structure or structures (see Chapters 2 and 4).

In the context of a critical review of selected literature on oral formulaic theory (Chapter 2) and mōteatea (Chapter 3), this thesis sets out to test the hypothesis that traditional mōteatea were composed, in whole or in large part, from a common stock of oral formulae. The conclusion, based on analysis of a selection of mōteatea included in Ngā mōteatea, a collection initially established by Sir Apirana Ngata, is that this hypothesis must be rejected (Chapter 4). However, a model derived from a review of selected literature on discourse structure (Chapter 5) was also applied to the analysis of a sample of these mōteatea (Chapter 6). On the basis of this analysis, it is concluded that they exhibit one of two very similar discourse prototypes, each of which involves a particular combination of discourse elements. What distinguishes the two prototypes is the fact that only one of them is characterized by the inclusion of hortatory sections in which the poet urges one or more of the protagonists to undergo one or more steps or stages required to achieve a particular outcome, such as entry into the spirit world or vengeance for death and/ or humiliation.

year: 2008