title: Child witnesses of intimate partner violence: Identifying the roles they have and understanding the situations in which they are present

authors: Thompson, Rebecca

subjects: IPV

abstract: Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) can have serious psychological, behavioural, cognitive, and somatic impacts on children and yet they continue to be present in over half of all New Zealand Police call outs for IPV. This exploratory research consisted of two studies using archival data. Study 1 was a qualitative exploration of the roles that children have when they witness IPV. Using thematic analysis, 100 police reports were examined to identify the key themes in the data, and then typologies of roles were developed from the identified themes. Results showed that there were three key roles of children during IPV: protector, pawn, or collateral damage. Study 2 was a quantitative analysis of 356 episodes of IPV again involving police calls for service—178 where children were present and 178 episodes with no children present. Descriptive analysis of the child-present group showed that in nearly half of all episodes, the role of the child was not known due to lack of information in the police report. Binary logistic regression comparing the child-present and non-child-present samples across a series of relevant variables showed that aggressor gender, the presence of physical harm and episode location were significantly predictive of the presence of children. Given the limited information regarding the presence of children, further qualitative research is needed in order to understand the experiences of children, as well as gain the perspectives of aggressors, victims and also frontline police workers attending IPV events.

text: Child witnesses of intimate partner violence: Identifying the roles they have and understanding the situations in which they are present Witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) can have serious psychological, behavioural, cognitive, and somatic impacts on children and yet they continue to be present in over half of all New Zealand Police call outs for IPV. This exploratory research consisted of two studies using archival data. Study 1 was a qualitative exploration of the roles that children have when they witness IPV. Using thematic analysis, 100 police reports were examined to identify the key themes in the data, and then typologies of roles were developed from the identified themes. Results showed that there were three key roles of children during IPV: protector, pawn, or collateral damage. Study 2 was a quantitative analysis of 356 episodes of IPV again involving police calls for service—178 where children were present and 178 episodes with no children present. Descriptive analysis of the child-present group showed that in nearly half of all episodes, the role of the child was not known due to lack of information in the police report. Binary logistic regression comparing the child-present and non-child-present samples across a series of relevant variables showed that aggressor gender, the presence of physical harm and episode location were significantly predictive of the presence of children. Given the limited information regarding the presence of children, further qualitative research is needed in order to understand the experiences of children, as well as gain the perspectives of aggressors, victims and also frontline police workers attending IPV events.

year: 2022

title: How important is selection? Experimental vs. non-experimental measures of the income gains from migration

authors: McKenzie, David

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: How much do migrants stand to gain in income from moving across borders? Answering this question is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, which makes it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a random ballot used to choose among the excess number of applicants. A unique survey conducted by the authors allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants to those who applied to migrate, but whose names were not drawn in the ballot, after allowing for the effect of non-compliance among some of those whose names were drawn. We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply for the ballot. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants enables assessment of the degree to which non-experimental methods can provide an unbiased estimate of the income gains from migration. We find evidence of migrants being positively selected in terms of both observed and unobserved skills. As a result, non-experimental methods other than instrumental variables are found to overstate the gains from migration by 20–82%, with difference-in-differences and bias-adjusted matching estimators performing best among the alternatives to instrumental variables. (JEL: J61, F22, C21)

text: How important is selection? Experimental vs. non-experimental measures of the income gains from migration How much do migrants stand to gain in income from moving across borders? Answering this question is complicated by non-random selection of migrants from the general population, which makes it hard to obtain an appropriate comparison group of non-migrants. New Zealand allows a quota of Tongans to immigrate each year with a random ballot used to choose among the excess number of applicants. A unique survey conducted by the authors allows experimental estimates of the income gains from migration to be obtained by comparing the incomes of migrants to those who applied to migrate, but whose names were not drawn in the ballot, after allowing for the effect of non-compliance among some of those whose names were drawn. We also conducted a survey of individuals who did not apply for the ballot. Comparing this non-applicant group to the migrants enables assessment of the degree to which non-experimental methods can provide an unbiased estimate of the income gains from migration. We find evidence of migrants being positively selected in terms of both observed and unobserved skills. As a result, non-experimental methods other than instrumental variables are found to overstate the gains from migration by 20–82%, with difference-in-differences and bias-adjusted matching estimators performing best among the alternatives to instrumental variables. (JEL: J61, F22, C21)

year: 2010

title: Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: Report on the thirteenth session (12-23 May 2014)

authors: Toki, Valmaine

abstract: The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues recommends to the Economic and Social Council the adoption of the following draft decisions:
Draft decision I
International expert group meeting on the theme “Dialogue on an optional protocol to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples”
Draft decision II 
Venue and dates of the fourteenth session of the Permanent Forum 
Draft decision III
Report of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues on its thirteenth session and provisional agenda for its fourteenth session 
Draft decision IV
Change of name of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 
Draft decision V
Additional one-day meeting

text: Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues: Report on the thirteenth session (12-23 May 2014) The Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues recommends to the Economic and Social Council the adoption of the following draft decisions:
Draft decision I
International expert group meeting on the theme “Dialogue on an optional protocol to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples”
Draft decision II 
Venue and dates of the fourteenth session of the Permanent Forum 
Draft decision III
Report of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues on its thirteenth session and provisional agenda for its fourteenth session 
Draft decision IV
Change of name of the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues 
Draft decision V
Additional one-day meeting

year: 2014