title: Generalised domain and E-inverse semigroups

authors: Stokes, Tim E.

subjects: mathematics

abstract: A generalised D-semigroup is here defined to be a left E-semiabundant semigroup S in which the \overline{\mathcal R}_E-class of every x\in S contains a unique element D(x) of E, made into a unary semigroup. Two-sided versions are defined in the obvious way in terms of \overline{\mathcal R}_E and \overline{\mathcal L}_E. The resulting class of unary (bi-unary) semigroups is shown to be a finitely based variety, properly containing the variety of D-semigroups (defined in an order-theoretic way in Communications in Algebra, 3979–4007, 2014). Important subclasses associated with the regularity and abundance properties are considered. The full transformation semigroup T_X can be made into a generalised D-semigroup in many natural ways, and an embedding theorem is given. A generalisation of inverse semigroups in which inverses are defined relative to a set of idempotents arises as a special case, and a finite equational axiomatisation of the resulting unary semigroups is given.

text: Generalised domain and E-inverse semigroups A generalised D-semigroup is here defined to be a left E-semiabundant semigroup S in which the \overline{\mathcal R}_E-class of every x\in S contains a unique element D(x) of E, made into a unary semigroup. Two-sided versions are defined in the obvious way in terms of \overline{\mathcal R}_E and \overline{\mathcal L}_E. The resulting class of unary (bi-unary) semigroups is shown to be a finitely based variety, properly containing the variety of D-semigroups (defined in an order-theoretic way in Communications in Algebra, 3979–4007, 2014). Important subclasses associated with the regularity and abundance properties are considered. The full transformation semigroup T_X can be made into a generalised D-semigroup in many natural ways, and an embedding theorem is given. A generalisation of inverse semigroups in which inverses are defined relative to a set of idempotents arises as a special case, and a finite equational axiomatisation of the resulting unary semigroups is given.

year: 2018

title: Linked Democracy 3.0 - Global machine translated legislation and compliance in the age of artificial intelligence

authors: Goltz, Nachshon (Sean)

subjects: Legislation

abstract: This paper outlines the efforts made by Global-Regulation, a world legislation search engine, to engage artificial intelligence in two ways: (i) employing machine translation to translate the world’s legislation to English and, (ii) creating an automated system to identify compliance clauses and extract penalties from legislation. This paper describes Global- Regulation’s vision and technology in the context of linked democracy and the democratization of artificial intelligence.

text: Linked Democracy 3.0 - Global machine translated legislation and compliance in the age of artificial intelligence This paper outlines the efforts made by Global-Regulation, a world legislation search engine, to engage artificial intelligence in two ways: (i) employing machine translation to translate the world’s legislation to English and, (ii) creating an automated system to identify compliance clauses and extract penalties from legislation. This paper describes Global- Regulation’s vision and technology in the context of linked democracy and the democratization of artificial intelligence.

year: 2017

title: Te kū o te kupu

authors: Raerino, Heddell Robert

subjects: Māori language

abstract: Ko tēnei tuhingaroa, he rangahau hai wherawhera ake i te āhuatanga o te reo Māori, e kiia ana ko tōna oro, me te kū o ngā kupu kōrero o taua reo. Ko te aronga whakaaro o tēnei rangahau, he rapu i tētahi āhuatanga kāore anō kia tirotirohia, kia tuhia rānei mō te reo Māori. Ehara tēnei rangahau i te kaupapa, i te mahi hou. Otirā, kai te whai te kaituhi i ngā rangahau kua oti kē i wētahi tohunga te wānanga mō wētahi atu reo. Ko tā te kaituhi he whai i ngā tauira a te hunga wetewete reo nei, ka uwhi ai ki runga i te reo Māori hai āwhina i ngā tātaritanga ā te kaituhi mō tōna ake reo, arā, te reo Māori.

Kai te upoko tuatahi ka whaia ngā rerenga whakaaro i pūpū ake ai te taitara 'te kū o te kupu' mō tēnei mahi rangahau. Inā ka tirohia i ahu ngā oro o te reo mai i whea e ai ki tā te Māori wānanga. Mai i ngā oro ka puta ko ngā ku o ngā kupu me ngā kupu o ngā rārangi kōrero.

Hai te upoko tuarua ka tirohia ngā kōrero kua tuhia e ngā tohunga wetewete reo e pā ana ki te kaupapa o tēnei tuhingaroa, arā, te kū o te kupu. Ko ngā tirohanga mō te reo ake, arā, i ahu mai i whea, he aha ōna momo whakaata me tōna pakaritanga ka tirohia i roto i te upoko tuatoru.

Mai i ngā momo whakaata o te reo i roto i ngā momo waiata, ka āta tahuri te kaituhi ki te whakawhānui haere i tana wetewete me tāna tūhononga i ngā rerenga me ngā pekanga o te ku o te kupu.

Kai te upoko tuarima ka tirohia ngā whāinga me ngā aronga ā wētahi kaitito
waiata Māori me wētahi kaikōrero i te reo Māori, mō ō rātau māramatanga ki ngā kū me ngā oro o te reo Māori.

Kai te upoko tuaono e whāriki ana wētahi tauira kōrero Māori, hai whakaata i ngā momo orōmāhara, oro ohorere, ororite, kupu whakahuarua me wērā atu tauira whakaahua i ngā kū o te kupu me ngā oro o te reo Māori.

Ko ngā hua o tēnei rangahau, o tēnei tuhingaroa ka kitea i roto i te upoko
tuawhitu. Kōinei te whakakopinga o tēnei mahi.

text: Te kū o te kupu Ko tēnei tuhingaroa, he rangahau hai wherawhera ake i te āhuatanga o te reo Māori, e kiia ana ko tōna oro, me te kū o ngā kupu kōrero o taua reo. Ko te aronga whakaaro o tēnei rangahau, he rapu i tētahi āhuatanga kāore anō kia tirotirohia, kia tuhia rānei mō te reo Māori. Ehara tēnei rangahau i te kaupapa, i te mahi hou. Otirā, kai te whai te kaituhi i ngā rangahau kua oti kē i wētahi tohunga te wānanga mō wētahi atu reo. Ko tā te kaituhi he whai i ngā tauira a te hunga wetewete reo nei, ka uwhi ai ki runga i te reo Māori hai āwhina i ngā tātaritanga ā te kaituhi mō tōna ake reo, arā, te reo Māori.

Kai te upoko tuatahi ka whaia ngā rerenga whakaaro i pūpū ake ai te taitara 'te kū o te kupu' mō tēnei mahi rangahau. Inā ka tirohia i ahu ngā oro o te reo mai i whea e ai ki tā te Māori wānanga. Mai i ngā oro ka puta ko ngā ku o ngā kupu me ngā kupu o ngā rārangi kōrero.

Hai te upoko tuarua ka tirohia ngā kōrero kua tuhia e ngā tohunga wetewete reo e pā ana ki te kaupapa o tēnei tuhingaroa, arā, te kū o te kupu. Ko ngā tirohanga mō te reo ake, arā, i ahu mai i whea, he aha ōna momo whakaata me tōna pakaritanga ka tirohia i roto i te upoko tuatoru.

Mai i ngā momo whakaata o te reo i roto i ngā momo waiata, ka āta tahuri te kaituhi ki te whakawhānui haere i tana wetewete me tāna tūhononga i ngā rerenga me ngā pekanga o te ku o te kupu.

Kai te upoko tuarima ka tirohia ngā whāinga me ngā aronga ā wētahi kaitito
waiata Māori me wētahi kaikōrero i te reo Māori, mō ō rātau māramatanga ki ngā kū me ngā oro o te reo Māori.

Kai te upoko tuaono e whāriki ana wētahi tauira kōrero Māori, hai whakaata i ngā momo orōmāhara, oro ohorere, ororite, kupu whakahuarua me wērā atu tauira whakaahua i ngā kū o te kupu me ngā oro o te reo Māori.

Ko ngā hua o tēnei rangahau, o tēnei tuhingaroa ka kitea i roto i te upoko
tuawhitu. Kōinei te whakakopinga o tēnei mahi.

year: 2000