title: Guide to the nature and methods of analysis of the clay fraction of tephras from the South Auckland region, New Zealand.

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: The manual outlines some of the more common laboratory procedures available for qualitatively and quantitatively analysing the composition of the tephric clays, many of which are difficult to determine because of their short range order or 'amorphous' nature. Techniques described and assessed in terms of their rapidity and quantitativeness include XRD, IR, DTA, TEM and SEM, sodium fluoride reactivity, chemical dissolution analyses, and surface area measurements. No one technique alone produces a definitive clay fraction analysis of tephric deposits. -from Authors

text: Guide to the nature and methods of analysis of the clay fraction of tephras from the South Auckland region, New Zealand. The manual outlines some of the more common laboratory procedures available for qualitatively and quantitatively analysing the composition of the tephric clays, many of which are difficult to determine because of their short range order or 'amorphous' nature. Techniques described and assessed in terms of their rapidity and quantitativeness include XRD, IR, DTA, TEM and SEM, sodium fluoride reactivity, chemical dissolution analyses, and surface area measurements. No one technique alone produces a definitive clay fraction analysis of tephric deposits. -from Authors

year: 1983

title: Viscous effects in time-dependent planar reconnection

authors: Armstrong, Craig Keith

subjects: magnetic reconnection

abstract: Context. Viscous dissipation is expected to play a significant part in energy release in solar flares, yet the role of viscosity in a weakly resistive plasma of the solar corona remains unclear.

Aims. We attempt to clarify the role of viscous effects in magnetic reconnection by performing simulations of reconnection in planar periodic geometry in an incompressible viscous resistive plasma. 
Methods. We consider magnetic reconnection, driven by large-scale vortical flows. We use both the classical shear viscosity and the Braginskii form for the ion parallel viscosity in a magnetised plasma. We determine the scalings of the current sheet parameters and the global rates of resistive and viscous dissipation. We use steady-state exact solutions and scaling arguments to interpret the numerical results.
Results. We show that, regardless of the form of viscosity, the resistive non-viscous analytical solutions for flux pile-up merging provide a very good approximation of the numerical results in the reconnecting current sheet. We find no evidence for a visco-resistive scale. Numerical results for a highly sheared magnetic field, however, appear to deviate from the analytical predictions in the case of the Braginskii viscosity.

text: Viscous effects in time-dependent planar reconnection Context. Viscous dissipation is expected to play a significant part in energy release in solar flares, yet the role of viscosity in a weakly resistive plasma of the solar corona remains unclear.

Aims. We attempt to clarify the role of viscous effects in magnetic reconnection by performing simulations of reconnection in planar periodic geometry in an incompressible viscous resistive plasma. 
Methods. We consider magnetic reconnection, driven by large-scale vortical flows. We use both the classical shear viscosity and the Braginskii form for the ion parallel viscosity in a magnetised plasma. We determine the scalings of the current sheet parameters and the global rates of resistive and viscous dissipation. We use steady-state exact solutions and scaling arguments to interpret the numerical results.
Results. We show that, regardless of the form of viscosity, the resistive non-viscous analytical solutions for flux pile-up merging provide a very good approximation of the numerical results in the reconnecting current sheet. We find no evidence for a visco-resistive scale. Numerical results for a highly sheared magnetic field, however, appear to deviate from the analytical predictions in the case of the Braginskii viscosity.

year: 2011

title: Maori goddesses in literature. Part 2: 1900-1940

authors: Yates-Smith, Aroha

subjects: Atua wāhine

abstract: Many contemporary Māori are familiar with atua wāhine, Māori goddesses, through accounts that have been passed on to them by word of mouth. Few, however, have had an opportunity to consult accounts of atua wāhine that date from the early period of Māori-Pākehā contact. Those who wish to do so may have considerable difficulty in sifting through all of the written materials for the information they seek. For this reason, this paper provides a review of the literature pertaining to atua wāhine from 1900 to 1940, together with a commentary on the sources to which reference is made. A review of literature on atua wāhine from 1880 – 1900 appeared in the first issue of this Journal. The period 1940 towards 2000 will be reviewed in the next issue.

text: Maori goddesses in literature. Part 2: 1900-1940 Many contemporary Māori are familiar with atua wāhine, Māori goddesses, through accounts that have been passed on to them by word of mouth. Few, however, have had an opportunity to consult accounts of atua wāhine that date from the early period of Māori-Pākehā contact. Those who wish to do so may have considerable difficulty in sifting through all of the written materials for the information they seek. For this reason, this paper provides a review of the literature pertaining to atua wāhine from 1900 to 1940, together with a commentary on the sources to which reference is made. A review of literature on atua wāhine from 1880 – 1900 appeared in the first issue of this Journal. The period 1940 towards 2000 will be reviewed in the next issue.

year: 2001-02