title: Process sedimentology of the Waikato River mouth, Port Waikato, New Zealand: The depositional record of a mixed-energy river mouth

authors: Podrumac, Anya

subjects: process sedimentology

abstract: Interacting fluvial and marine processes at the Waikato River mouth control sedimentation patterns at the sand spit. These interacting processes cause tidal asymmetry between the ebb and flood tide, and produce multidirectional currents, orientated east, west, north, north-west, and south. Depositional processes at the Waikato River mouth are recorded using oceanographic instrumentation, and are linked to their corresponding sedimentary deposits. Sedimentary bedforms on the sand spit include wave- and combined-flow ripples and dunes, and planar bedding, produced from interacting fluvial and wave currents. Despite tides directly controlling sediment deposition, tides manifest as rising and falling water levels, affecting current magnitude and velocity, but are not directly indicated in terms of “tidal” sedimentary structures. Preservation potential of bedforms are low, with the sedimentary recorded dominated by structureless sand, from rarely occurring low flow velocity periods in the early- to mid-ebb tide. The Waikato River mouth is classified as wave-dominated, fluvially influenced and tide affected (Wft).

text: Process sedimentology of the Waikato River mouth, Port Waikato, New Zealand: The depositional record of a mixed-energy river mouth Interacting fluvial and marine processes at the Waikato River mouth control sedimentation patterns at the sand spit. These interacting processes cause tidal asymmetry between the ebb and flood tide, and produce multidirectional currents, orientated east, west, north, north-west, and south. Depositional processes at the Waikato River mouth are recorded using oceanographic instrumentation, and are linked to their corresponding sedimentary deposits. Sedimentary bedforms on the sand spit include wave- and combined-flow ripples and dunes, and planar bedding, produced from interacting fluvial and wave currents. Despite tides directly controlling sediment deposition, tides manifest as rising and falling water levels, affecting current magnitude and velocity, but are not directly indicated in terms of “tidal” sedimentary structures. Preservation potential of bedforms are low, with the sedimentary recorded dominated by structureless sand, from rarely occurring low flow velocity periods in the early- to mid-ebb tide. The Waikato River mouth is classified as wave-dominated, fluvially influenced and tide affected (Wft).

year: 2020

title: Problems with the census conception of ethnic group: an anthropological perspective

authors: Barber, Keith

subjects: census

abstract: From the perspective of social anthropology, this paper examines the collection and analysis of census data on ethnic group membership. It identifies a fundamental problem lying in the census's attempt to enumerate a subjective identity. The problem is seen as exacerbated by allowing census respondents to report membership in more than one ethnic group. This not only contradicts the census's own definition of ethnic group, and steers respondents toward a racial conception of ethnicity, but involves the census in the arbitrary re-allocation of respondent's answers. The paper then reviews two influential social science analyses of census data on ethnic group membership and finds that the analysts concerned impose their own quite different definitions of ethnic groups onto the data. It is concluded that the whole process of collecting and analysing census data of ethnic group membership is subjective and arbitrary from start to finish.

text: Problems with the census conception of ethnic group: an anthropological perspective From the perspective of social anthropology, this paper examines the collection and analysis of census data on ethnic group membership. It identifies a fundamental problem lying in the census's attempt to enumerate a subjective identity. The problem is seen as exacerbated by allowing census respondents to report membership in more than one ethnic group. This not only contradicts the census's own definition of ethnic group, and steers respondents toward a racial conception of ethnicity, but involves the census in the arbitrary re-allocation of respondent's answers. The paper then reviews two influential social science analyses of census data on ethnic group membership and finds that the analysts concerned impose their own quite different definitions of ethnic groups onto the data. It is concluded that the whole process of collecting and analysing census data of ethnic group membership is subjective and arbitrary from start to finish.

year: 2004

title: Donna Awatere’s Māori Sovereignty: Reflections on White Supremacy and the Racialization of Crime Control and Surveillance in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Dawson, Brian

abstract: Donna Awatere’s examination of whiteness within the Aotearoa New Zealand context, specifically white cultural imperialism, has largely been ignored in academic scholarship. For her, white culture, and its articulation through governance and policy, is the starting point and lens to understanding and addressing historical and contemporary Māori dispossession and ensuing strategies of racialized surveillance, control, and containment. In this essay, we argue that Awatere’s attention to past forms of genocide – mapping them to emerging forms of state confinement of Māori, which engender genocidal characteristics, and problematizing “whiteness” – situates the book Māori Sovereignty as an important text in the field of criminal justice, especially that which manifests in settler-colonial contexts.

text: Donna Awatere’s Māori Sovereignty: Reflections on White Supremacy and the Racialization of Crime Control and Surveillance in Aotearoa New Zealand Donna Awatere’s examination of whiteness within the Aotearoa New Zealand context, specifically white cultural imperialism, has largely been ignored in academic scholarship. For her, white culture, and its articulation through governance and policy, is the starting point and lens to understanding and addressing historical and contemporary Māori dispossession and ensuing strategies of racialized surveillance, control, and containment. In this essay, we argue that Awatere’s attention to past forms of genocide – mapping them to emerging forms of state confinement of Māori, which engender genocidal characteristics, and problematizing “whiteness” – situates the book Māori Sovereignty as an important text in the field of criminal justice, especially that which manifests in settler-colonial contexts.

year: 2023-07-27