title: The morphology and surf conditions of Aramoana Beach, Otago: A surf break of national significance

authors: Davies-Campbell, Jaime Andrew Te Ahu

subjects: Surf

abstract: Aramoana Beach is a recognised surf break of regional and national significance and is protected under the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (2010). Until recently, little baseline data on the break had been collected. The objective of this thesis was to gain an understanding of how the morphological and surfing parameters vary and interact with each other and with the forcing wave climate. Ultimately, the baseline data gathered from this work will help inform and support the NZCPS (2010) in protecting Aramoana Beach and other surf breaks around New Zealand.

The state, morphology and in turn the surfing parameters of Aramoana Beach are correlated and are a function of the forcing wave climate present at any given time, which is observed to have seasonal and annual variations. The morphological parameters of interest are the sand-bar orientations and sand-bar lengths, whilst the surfing parameters of interest are the peel angles and the ride lengths. Two cameras were set up overlooking Aramoana Beach to record known favourable surfing locations. The two locations were separated by 300 m.

The results indicated that, at the camera one area of interest, El Niño phases as well as the forcing wave climate associated with autumn and winter, increased the sand-bar orientation, relative to true north (0 ), to face north-east and decreased the sand-bar lengths, whilst the state of Aramoana Beach became more dissipative in nature. During El Niño phases, as well as autumn and winter, south-east swell waves were dominant, and the significant wave height increased. In contrast, La Niña phases, as well as the forcing wave climate associated with summer and spring, decreased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north, to face north-north-east and increased the sand-bar lengths, whilst the state of Aramoana Beach became more reflective in nature. During La Niña phases, as well as spring and summer, north-east swell waves were dominant and the significant wave heights were smaller, relative to El Niño. The peel angles and ride lengths of the breaking waves were more favourable in El Niño years and during autumn and winter compared to during La Niña years and during spring and summer at the camera one area of interest.

 At the camera two area of interest, the El Niño phase decreased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north to face north (opposite to the camera one area of interest) and decreased the sand-bar lengths. In contrast, the La Niña phase increased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north to face north-north-east and increased sand-bar lengths. The seasonal trends at the camera two area of interest were likely inaccurate due to the paucity of data. Surfing conditions at the camera two area of interest were more favourable during La Niña phases compared to El Niño phases, which was opposite to the camera one area of interest. 

The findings of this study add weight to the importance of protecting the swell corridors that contain the pre-conditioning features that are essential to producing the world-class surfing waves observed at Aramoana Beach.

text: The morphology and surf conditions of Aramoana Beach, Otago: A surf break of national significance Aramoana Beach is a recognised surf break of regional and national significance and is protected under the New Zealand Coastal Policy Statement (2010). Until recently, little baseline data on the break had been collected. The objective of this thesis was to gain an understanding of how the morphological and surfing parameters vary and interact with each other and with the forcing wave climate. Ultimately, the baseline data gathered from this work will help inform and support the NZCPS (2010) in protecting Aramoana Beach and other surf breaks around New Zealand.

The state, morphology and in turn the surfing parameters of Aramoana Beach are correlated and are a function of the forcing wave climate present at any given time, which is observed to have seasonal and annual variations. The morphological parameters of interest are the sand-bar orientations and sand-bar lengths, whilst the surfing parameters of interest are the peel angles and the ride lengths. Two cameras were set up overlooking Aramoana Beach to record known favourable surfing locations. The two locations were separated by 300 m.

The results indicated that, at the camera one area of interest, El Niño phases as well as the forcing wave climate associated with autumn and winter, increased the sand-bar orientation, relative to true north (0 ), to face north-east and decreased the sand-bar lengths, whilst the state of Aramoana Beach became more dissipative in nature. During El Niño phases, as well as autumn and winter, south-east swell waves were dominant, and the significant wave height increased. In contrast, La Niña phases, as well as the forcing wave climate associated with summer and spring, decreased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north, to face north-north-east and increased the sand-bar lengths, whilst the state of Aramoana Beach became more reflective in nature. During La Niña phases, as well as spring and summer, north-east swell waves were dominant and the significant wave heights were smaller, relative to El Niño. The peel angles and ride lengths of the breaking waves were more favourable in El Niño years and during autumn and winter compared to during La Niña years and during spring and summer at the camera one area of interest.

 At the camera two area of interest, the El Niño phase decreased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north to face north (opposite to the camera one area of interest) and decreased the sand-bar lengths. In contrast, the La Niña phase increased the sand-bar orientations, relative to true north to face north-north-east and increased sand-bar lengths. The seasonal trends at the camera two area of interest were likely inaccurate due to the paucity of data. Surfing conditions at the camera two area of interest were more favourable during La Niña phases compared to El Niño phases, which was opposite to the camera one area of interest. 

The findings of this study add weight to the importance of protecting the swell corridors that contain the pre-conditioning features that are essential to producing the world-class surfing waves observed at Aramoana Beach.

year: 2018

title: Determinants of intention to leave a non-managerial job in the fast-food industry of West Malaysia

authors: Ryan, Chris

subjects: fast foods

abstract: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine determinants of an intention to quit a job held by non-managerial staff in the Malaysian fast food industry. It examines issues such as job stress and peer groups.
Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative analysis of 806 respondents working in international fast food chains was undertaken following an initial semi-structured interview process with managers.
Findings – Of the total sample, 20 percent were found to think frequently about leaving their job, while a further 20 percent were described as being committed to their employment. High intent to leave scorers were found to be influenced by friends, but also feeling job stress and “being burnt out”.
Research limitations/implications – The findings may relate solely to fast food outlets in Peninsular Malaya due to cultural issues related to the Islamic nature of Malaysian society.
Practical implications – Fast food managers need to consider employees as part of a team and not simply as individuals, and it was found that friendship ties emerged as a significant variable in determining intention to leave a job.
Social implications – Malaysian fast food outlets near places of worship that make it easier for employees to fulfil religious obligations may find it easier to retain staff.
Originality/value – This is thought to be the first study of the Malaysian fast food industry and labour turnover.

text: Determinants of intention to leave a non-managerial job in the fast-food industry of West Malaysia Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine determinants of an intention to quit a job held by non-managerial staff in the Malaysian fast food industry. It examines issues such as job stress and peer groups.
Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative analysis of 806 respondents working in international fast food chains was undertaken following an initial semi-structured interview process with managers.
Findings – Of the total sample, 20 percent were found to think frequently about leaving their job, while a further 20 percent were described as being committed to their employment. High intent to leave scorers were found to be influenced by friends, but also feeling job stress and “being burnt out”.
Research limitations/implications – The findings may relate solely to fast food outlets in Peninsular Malaya due to cultural issues related to the Islamic nature of Malaysian society.
Practical implications – Fast food managers need to consider employees as part of a team and not simply as individuals, and it was found that friendship ties emerged as a significant variable in determining intention to leave a job.
Social implications – Malaysian fast food outlets near places of worship that make it easier for employees to fulfil religious obligations may find it easier to retain staff.
Originality/value – This is thought to be the first study of the Malaysian fast food industry and labour turnover.

year: 2011

title: Māori and indigenous views on R and R: Resistance and Resilience

authors: Penehira, Mera

subjects: resilience

abstract: This article explores the development of Mäori and Indigenous frameworks of resilience, considering the impact of engaging with largely State- led notions of resilience on Mäori development. We highlight the closely linked notion of resistance, asserting the necessity of a fi rm political analysis from Indigenous researchers engaged in this discourse. One of the Indigenous criticisms of resilience theories is that by defi nition they assume an acceptance of responsibility for our position as disadvantaged individuals. That is, by examining and developing theories and models of resilience we buy into the idea that this is the way it is and we need simply to get better at bouncing back and being resilient. Resistance, however, represents an approach of collective fi ght- back, exposing the inequitable distribution of power, and actively opposing negative social, political and economic infl uences. This article represents a Mäori Indigenous political response to the resilience discourse.

text: Māori and indigenous views on R and R: Resistance and Resilience This article explores the development of Mäori and Indigenous frameworks of resilience, considering the impact of engaging with largely State- led notions of resilience on Mäori development. We highlight the closely linked notion of resistance, asserting the necessity of a fi rm political analysis from Indigenous researchers engaged in this discourse. One of the Indigenous criticisms of resilience theories is that by defi nition they assume an acceptance of responsibility for our position as disadvantaged individuals. That is, by examining and developing theories and models of resilience we buy into the idea that this is the way it is and we need simply to get better at bouncing back and being resilient. Resistance, however, represents an approach of collective fi ght- back, exposing the inequitable distribution of power, and actively opposing negative social, political and economic infl uences. This article represents a Mäori Indigenous political response to the resilience discourse.

year: 2014