title: The wellbeing and health needs of a cohort of transgender young people accessing specialist medical gender-affirming healthcare in Auckland

authors: Oliphant, Jeannie

subjects: Adolescent

abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of young people are seeking gender-affirming healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand, and although international studies report health and wellbeing benefits of early medical intervention, we have no published reports on the impact of health services in this country. 
METHODS: Transgender young people accessing a specialist service providing medical gender-affirming healthcare were invited to take part in a survey about their health and wellbeing.
RESULTS: High or very high psychological distress levels were reported by 74% of respondents, with 39% being unable to access mental health support when needed. 
DISCUSSION: Although the proportion of transgender young people with high or very high levels of psychological distress was five times greater (74%) than for the general population of young people (14.5%) in Aotearoa New Zealand, it was not as large as the proportion found for transgender young people in a community study (86%) in which an unmet need for hormones was reported by 29%. This highlights the need for clear referral pathways to access specialist gender-affirming healthcare services in order to reduce disparities in mental health outcomes.

text: The wellbeing and health needs of a cohort of transgender young people accessing specialist medical gender-affirming healthcare in Auckland INTRODUCTION: Increasing numbers of young people are seeking gender-affirming healthcare in Aotearoa New Zealand, and although international studies report health and wellbeing benefits of early medical intervention, we have no published reports on the impact of health services in this country. 
METHODS: Transgender young people accessing a specialist service providing medical gender-affirming healthcare were invited to take part in a survey about their health and wellbeing.
RESULTS: High or very high psychological distress levels were reported by 74% of respondents, with 39% being unable to access mental health support when needed. 
DISCUSSION: Although the proportion of transgender young people with high or very high levels of psychological distress was five times greater (74%) than for the general population of young people (14.5%) in Aotearoa New Zealand, it was not as large as the proportion found for transgender young people in a community study (86%) in which an unmet need for hormones was reported by 29%. This highlights the need for clear referral pathways to access specialist gender-affirming healthcare services in order to reduce disparities in mental health outcomes.

year: 2021-09-03

title: Gender discourse, awareness, and alternative responses for men in everyday living

authors: Gaddis, Stephen

subjects: gender

abstract: In this paper, the authors use examples from their experiences to explore the nuances and complexities of contemporary gender practices. They draw on discourse and positioning theories to identify the ways in which culturally dominant, and difficult to notice, gender constructions help shape everyday experiences. In addition, the authors share their view that there are benefits in developing skills in noticing contemporary practices made available by dominant gender constructions. Such noticing expands possibilities for ways of responding and relating that might produce outcomes for men and women that fit with their hopes for living.

text: Gender discourse, awareness, and alternative responses for men in everyday living In this paper, the authors use examples from their experiences to explore the nuances and complexities of contemporary gender practices. They draw on discourse and positioning theories to identify the ways in which culturally dominant, and difficult to notice, gender constructions help shape everyday experiences. In addition, the authors share their view that there are benefits in developing skills in noticing contemporary practices made available by dominant gender constructions. Such noticing expands possibilities for ways of responding and relating that might produce outcomes for men and women that fit with their hopes for living.

year: 2007

title: Kūpapa ki raro, titiro ake

authors: Papa, Pānia Christine

abstract: Ko tā te kaituhi e manako nei i roto i tēnei tuhinga, kia āta tirohia he aha ngā huarahi i whāia ai e ngā iwi o Pōhara, hei kawe i a rātou mai i te pōharatanga ki te oranga tonutanga; mai i te noho marara ki te noho tahi; mai i te korekore ki te ao mārama. Ko te tuarua o ngā pātai kei mua i taku aroaro, he wānanga mena i tutuki pai ngā kaupapa i wawatahia ai e rātou. 
E rua ngā kōrero matua e toko ake ana i roto i ahau hei taumarumaru mō ngā whakaaro me ngā kōrero kua whakatakotoria i te tuhinga nei, hei whakautu i ngā pātai matua e rua ō runga ake nei. 
Tuatahi, 'Ko te amorangi ki mua, ko te hāpai ō ki muri'. E hāngai ana tēnei whakataukī ki te pūmautanga o ngā whakaaro o ngā tūpuna o Pōhara ki ngā kaupapa i kōkirihia ai e tō rātou rangatira, me te āhua o tā ngā tūpuna hāpai i aua kaupapa. I te tīmatanga, nā Piupiu Te Wherowhero rātou i arataki. I te rā nei, ko Te Arikinui, Te Atairangikaahu te manu whakataka pōkai i te ata hāpara, e ngāngahu tonu nei i ngā iwi o te marae o Pōhara. 
Tuarua, 'Kūpapa ki raro, Titiro ake.' Koia tēnei tētehi whakataukī whakahau i ngā uri whakatupu o te marae, o Pōhara, kua waihotia e rātou mā hei kupu ārahi i ngā uri i runga i te marae, i roto anō hoki i te ao hou. He hōhonutanga anō tō te whakataukī nei e tika ana kia whakamāramahia i roto i tēnei tuhinga, hei whāki atu i ngā rerenga kētanga o te āhua o te whakaaro o kui mā, o koro mā, me te āhua o tā rātou noho i te wā i a rātou. 
Ko te whakatau o ngā kōrero, i tutuki pai i ngā tūpuna o te marae o Pōhara ō rātou manako, nā tō rātou kaha ū ki te kaupapa o te Kāhui Ariki, me tō rātou ū ki te kaupapa o te tupuranga o te papakāinga o Pōhara hei marae mō ngā uri whakatupu. Ka noho mai tērā hei whakatohu i tō rātou pakaritanga, me ō rātou whakaaro rangatira hei tauira mā ngā uri whakaheke e whai ake ana i ngā tapuwae o ngā tūpuna. 
Ko ēnei tuhinga hei whakatinana i te ngākau nui kia waituhia ngā kōrero ā ngā rūruhi, ā ngā koroheke, mō te marae o Pōhara, kei ngaro katoa atu ngēnā kōrero e here nei i te ao kōhatu ki te ao hou. 
Nā te ngākau māhaki o ngā kaumātua i whakaae ai kia tuhia te kaupapa nei, kia puta ai ngā kōrero mō Pōhara ki te ao mārama hei painga mō ngā uri whakatupu. Nā rātou i whakatūwhera te kūaha ki tō rātou ao hei kuhu atu ki roto mā te hunga mahira. Ko ngā kongakonga kōrero i taka iho mai i ō rātou puna mahara, kua kohia-ā-rīpenehia hei taonga tuku iho mō ngā iwi o te marae. E tika ana kia puruhia te mauri o ērā kōrero e ngā whānau me ngā uri o te marae. 
I tutuki ai te taha rangahau i ngā kōrero kaumātua i te whakatū wānanga, me te uiui kaumātua. I whāia ngā huarahi e rua nei hei kohikohi i ngā kōrero-ā-waha mō te hītori o Pōhara. Arā noa atu ngā painga i kitea, o te noho tahi a ngā kaumātua i runga tonu i te marae, ki te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, kōrero hoki mō ngā rā o mua i waenganui i a rātou. Ā, hei whai ake i ngā kōrero i puta i ngā wānanga, i haere māua ko taku matua ki te torotoro i tēnā, i tēnā o ngā kaumātua e mōhio pai ana ki ngā kōrero, hei whakakīkī i ngā whārua, hei whakawhānui hoki i ngā kōrero. I ngāwari ake taku mahi i te haere tahitanga mai o taku matua, hei hoa mōku. Ko tāna, he āta whakamārama atu i te pūtake o te rangahau, he whakamārama hoki i te whakaaetanga o ngā kaumātua ki tērā mahi. I mōhio pai hoki ia ki ngā kōrero whānui mō te marae, ki ngā tāngata ka kōrerohia, ā, nā konā i taea e ia te whiu atu ētehi pātai, te whakamārama hoki i ahau i muri mai mō te āhua o ētehi o ngā kōrero kāore i tino mārama mai ki ahau. I tū hoki taku matua hei piriti i waenganui i te kaikōrero kaumātua me te kaiuiui rangatahi kia whakawhiti pai ai ngā pātai me ngā whakautu ki waenganui i ngā taha e rua. Koia tērā taku waimarie i roto i ngā mahi uiui kaumātua, ā, koia hoki i tutuki pai ai tērā taha o te rangahau. 
I tae mai ki aku ringa tētehi rīpene o tētehi wānanga i hopukina ai i te tau 1978. Nō taua tau, i haere ake ētehi akonga o te Tari Māori o Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, i raro i te maru o Wharehuia Milroy ki te rapu i ngā kōrero mō te marae o Pōhara. Heoi anō, i tō rātou hokinga atu ki te kāinga, kāore te nuinga o ngā kōrero i hopukina. Ka waihotia te take nā kia tārewa, ā, tae rawa ki te tau 1990, kātahi ka riro i ahau te rīpene kotahi i ora mai, hei āwhina i aku mahi rangahau mō tōku marae. 
I rapu māramatanga ahau mō te āhua o te noho a te iwi Māori whānui i ngā rā o mua, i roto i ngā pukapuka maha kua tuhia kētia. Mō ngā kōrero mō te whenua e tū nei te marae ināianei, i haere ki te Kooti Whenua Māori, ki reira kimi ai i ngā kōrero mō te rohe o Maungatautari whānui, mō te marae o Pōhara hoki. Nā ēnei whaiwhainga, kua puta he kōrero, kua puta hoki he whakaaro hei whakawā i ērā kōrero, hei whakamārama rānei i ērā kōrero, ā, koia tēnei e takoto nei i roto i tēnei tuhinga. Ka huri ināianei ki te wetewetetanga o ngā wāhanga o roto i te tuhinga nei. 
Nō namata mai anō i tīkina atu ai te rākau i te Wao-nui-ā-Tāne hei tārai i te waka o ōku tūpuna. Tēnei au e tiki atu nei i te rākau hei tauira hanga kōrero mōku. Ko tō te rākau tupu, ki ngā whakaaro o tēnei e tuhi nei, e pērā ana ki te tupu o te kaupapa kia nohoia te marae o Pōhara e tū ana i raro i te maru o Maungatautari. 
Arā noa atu ngā tauritenga o te tupu o te rākau me tō te marae o Pōhara tupu, mai i ōna pūtakenga hei papakāinga, ki te puāwaitanga o te whakaaro kia tū hei marae mō te mokopuna a te motu, mō ngā uri whakatupu, otirā, mō te iwi whānui. 
E whitu anō ngā wāhanga o tō te rākau tupu e whakatauritehia nei i roto i ngā whārangi o tēnei tuhinga. Ko te whenua tonu hei papa mō te tupu o te rākau, mō te tupu hoki o te marae Nō reira, ka tīmata ake i konā.

text: Kūpapa ki raro, titiro ake Ko tā te kaituhi e manako nei i roto i tēnei tuhinga, kia āta tirohia he aha ngā huarahi i whāia ai e ngā iwi o Pōhara, hei kawe i a rātou mai i te pōharatanga ki te oranga tonutanga; mai i te noho marara ki te noho tahi; mai i te korekore ki te ao mārama. Ko te tuarua o ngā pātai kei mua i taku aroaro, he wānanga mena i tutuki pai ngā kaupapa i wawatahia ai e rātou. 
E rua ngā kōrero matua e toko ake ana i roto i ahau hei taumarumaru mō ngā whakaaro me ngā kōrero kua whakatakotoria i te tuhinga nei, hei whakautu i ngā pātai matua e rua ō runga ake nei. 
Tuatahi, 'Ko te amorangi ki mua, ko te hāpai ō ki muri'. E hāngai ana tēnei whakataukī ki te pūmautanga o ngā whakaaro o ngā tūpuna o Pōhara ki ngā kaupapa i kōkirihia ai e tō rātou rangatira, me te āhua o tā ngā tūpuna hāpai i aua kaupapa. I te tīmatanga, nā Piupiu Te Wherowhero rātou i arataki. I te rā nei, ko Te Arikinui, Te Atairangikaahu te manu whakataka pōkai i te ata hāpara, e ngāngahu tonu nei i ngā iwi o te marae o Pōhara. 
Tuarua, 'Kūpapa ki raro, Titiro ake.' Koia tēnei tētehi whakataukī whakahau i ngā uri whakatupu o te marae, o Pōhara, kua waihotia e rātou mā hei kupu ārahi i ngā uri i runga i te marae, i roto anō hoki i te ao hou. He hōhonutanga anō tō te whakataukī nei e tika ana kia whakamāramahia i roto i tēnei tuhinga, hei whāki atu i ngā rerenga kētanga o te āhua o te whakaaro o kui mā, o koro mā, me te āhua o tā rātou noho i te wā i a rātou. 
Ko te whakatau o ngā kōrero, i tutuki pai i ngā tūpuna o te marae o Pōhara ō rātou manako, nā tō rātou kaha ū ki te kaupapa o te Kāhui Ariki, me tō rātou ū ki te kaupapa o te tupuranga o te papakāinga o Pōhara hei marae mō ngā uri whakatupu. Ka noho mai tērā hei whakatohu i tō rātou pakaritanga, me ō rātou whakaaro rangatira hei tauira mā ngā uri whakaheke e whai ake ana i ngā tapuwae o ngā tūpuna. 
Ko ēnei tuhinga hei whakatinana i te ngākau nui kia waituhia ngā kōrero ā ngā rūruhi, ā ngā koroheke, mō te marae o Pōhara, kei ngaro katoa atu ngēnā kōrero e here nei i te ao kōhatu ki te ao hou. 
Nā te ngākau māhaki o ngā kaumātua i whakaae ai kia tuhia te kaupapa nei, kia puta ai ngā kōrero mō Pōhara ki te ao mārama hei painga mō ngā uri whakatupu. Nā rātou i whakatūwhera te kūaha ki tō rātou ao hei kuhu atu ki roto mā te hunga mahira. Ko ngā kongakonga kōrero i taka iho mai i ō rātou puna mahara, kua kohia-ā-rīpenehia hei taonga tuku iho mō ngā iwi o te marae. E tika ana kia puruhia te mauri o ērā kōrero e ngā whānau me ngā uri o te marae. 
I tutuki ai te taha rangahau i ngā kōrero kaumātua i te whakatū wānanga, me te uiui kaumātua. I whāia ngā huarahi e rua nei hei kohikohi i ngā kōrero-ā-waha mō te hītori o Pōhara. Arā noa atu ngā painga i kitea, o te noho tahi a ngā kaumātua i runga tonu i te marae, ki te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, kōrero hoki mō ngā rā o mua i waenganui i a rātou. Ā, hei whai ake i ngā kōrero i puta i ngā wānanga, i haere māua ko taku matua ki te torotoro i tēnā, i tēnā o ngā kaumātua e mōhio pai ana ki ngā kōrero, hei whakakīkī i ngā whārua, hei whakawhānui hoki i ngā kōrero. I ngāwari ake taku mahi i te haere tahitanga mai o taku matua, hei hoa mōku. Ko tāna, he āta whakamārama atu i te pūtake o te rangahau, he whakamārama hoki i te whakaaetanga o ngā kaumātua ki tērā mahi. I mōhio pai hoki ia ki ngā kōrero whānui mō te marae, ki ngā tāngata ka kōrerohia, ā, nā konā i taea e ia te whiu atu ētehi pātai, te whakamārama hoki i ahau i muri mai mō te āhua o ētehi o ngā kōrero kāore i tino mārama mai ki ahau. I tū hoki taku matua hei piriti i waenganui i te kaikōrero kaumātua me te kaiuiui rangatahi kia whakawhiti pai ai ngā pātai me ngā whakautu ki waenganui i ngā taha e rua. Koia tērā taku waimarie i roto i ngā mahi uiui kaumātua, ā, koia hoki i tutuki pai ai tērā taha o te rangahau. 
I tae mai ki aku ringa tētehi rīpene o tētehi wānanga i hopukina ai i te tau 1978. Nō taua tau, i haere ake ētehi akonga o te Tari Māori o Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato, i raro i te maru o Wharehuia Milroy ki te rapu i ngā kōrero mō te marae o Pōhara. Heoi anō, i tō rātou hokinga atu ki te kāinga, kāore te nuinga o ngā kōrero i hopukina. Ka waihotia te take nā kia tārewa, ā, tae rawa ki te tau 1990, kātahi ka riro i ahau te rīpene kotahi i ora mai, hei āwhina i aku mahi rangahau mō tōku marae. 
I rapu māramatanga ahau mō te āhua o te noho a te iwi Māori whānui i ngā rā o mua, i roto i ngā pukapuka maha kua tuhia kētia. Mō ngā kōrero mō te whenua e tū nei te marae ināianei, i haere ki te Kooti Whenua Māori, ki reira kimi ai i ngā kōrero mō te rohe o Maungatautari whānui, mō te marae o Pōhara hoki. Nā ēnei whaiwhainga, kua puta he kōrero, kua puta hoki he whakaaro hei whakawā i ērā kōrero, hei whakamārama rānei i ērā kōrero, ā, koia tēnei e takoto nei i roto i tēnei tuhinga. Ka huri ināianei ki te wetewetetanga o ngā wāhanga o roto i te tuhinga nei. 
Nō namata mai anō i tīkina atu ai te rākau i te Wao-nui-ā-Tāne hei tārai i te waka o ōku tūpuna. Tēnei au e tiki atu nei i te rākau hei tauira hanga kōrero mōku. Ko tō te rākau tupu, ki ngā whakaaro o tēnei e tuhi nei, e pērā ana ki te tupu o te kaupapa kia nohoia te marae o Pōhara e tū ana i raro i te maru o Maungatautari. 
Arā noa atu ngā tauritenga o te tupu o te rākau me tō te marae o Pōhara tupu, mai i ōna pūtakenga hei papakāinga, ki te puāwaitanga o te whakaaro kia tū hei marae mō te mokopuna a te motu, mō ngā uri whakatupu, otirā, mō te iwi whānui. 
E whitu anō ngā wāhanga o tō te rākau tupu e whakatauritehia nei i roto i ngā whārangi o tēnei tuhinga. Ko te whenua tonu hei papa mō te tupu o te rākau, mō te tupu hoki o te marae Nō reira, ka tīmata ake i konā.

year: 1997