title: Heating the outer heliosphere by pickup protons

authors: Smith, Charles W.

subjects: solar wind

abstract: There is a growing body of literature that demonstrates the ability of a turbulent cascade within the solar wind to heat the thermal protons. Several sources of energy are required to accomplish the observed heating. Wind shear and shocks originating with the multiple source of wind plasma heat the wind inside ∽AU. However, beyond this distance little is left of these sources and all that remains is the energy injected into the plasma by the pickup of newborn protons originating from interstellar neutrals. Recent advances in the theory of wave excitation by the newborn protons allows us to return to the published heating theory and remove a previously unexplained parameterization of the heating due to pickup protons. Furthermore, recent observational evidence suggests that large-scale correlations between the wind speed and the proton temperature exist into the distant outer heliosphere that motivate an attempt to connect the two within the structure of the heating theory.

text: Heating the outer heliosphere by pickup protons There is a growing body of literature that demonstrates the ability of a turbulent cascade within the solar wind to heat the thermal protons. Several sources of energy are required to accomplish the observed heating. Wind shear and shocks originating with the multiple source of wind plasma heat the wind inside ∽AU. However, beyond this distance little is left of these sources and all that remains is the energy injected into the plasma by the pickup of newborn protons originating from interstellar neutrals. Recent advances in the theory of wave excitation by the newborn protons allows us to return to the published heating theory and remove a previously unexplained parameterization of the heating due to pickup protons. Furthermore, recent observational evidence suggests that large-scale correlations between the wind speed and the proton temperature exist into the distant outer heliosphere that motivate an attempt to connect the two within the structure of the heating theory.

year: 2004

title: Increasing plate heat exchanger thermal duty: an industrial case study

authors: Walmsley, Timothy Gordon

abstract: The design and rating of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE) entails the classic engineering trade-off between heat transfer and pressure drop. Countless studies have characterised the thermal and hydraulic performance of a wide variety of PHE and formulated fundamental correlations for fluid film coefficients, h, and friction factor, f [1]. However such academic results appear seldom to inform the site engineer regarding the best design and operating practices of heat exchangers in the New Zealand dairy industry. In this paper we present the thermal analysis of a site hot water preheater located at one of New Zealand’s largest dairy factories. Using fundamental heat exchanger theory, the analysis also looks at how to increase the heat exchanger’s duty and the coupled effect on pressure drop and pumping cost.

text: Increasing plate heat exchanger thermal duty: an industrial case study The design and rating of Plate Heat Exchangers (PHE) entails the classic engineering trade-off between heat transfer and pressure drop. Countless studies have characterised the thermal and hydraulic performance of a wide variety of PHE and formulated fundamental correlations for fluid film coefficients, h, and friction factor, f [1]. However such academic results appear seldom to inform the site engineer regarding the best design and operating practices of heat exchangers in the New Zealand dairy industry. In this paper we present the thermal analysis of a site hot water preheater located at one of New Zealand’s largest dairy factories. Using fundamental heat exchanger theory, the analysis also looks at how to increase the heat exchanger’s duty and the coupled effect on pressure drop and pumping cost.

year: 2013-11-25

title: Effects of industry on Maori cultural values: The case of the Tarawera River

authors: Dodd, Materoa

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The research is a case study of the relationship between three tribes; Te Arawa, Tuwharetoa ki Kawerau and Ngāti Awa and the Tarawera River during the second half of the 20th century when the river was polluted with effluent from pulp and paper mills. It involves the cultural story of the Tarawera River as told by the iwi (tribes) of the river informed by Maori epistemologies and what has come to be known as a ‗kaupapa Maori research' approach. Reference is made to the history, legends, customs and lifestyle that have arisen from the relationship between iwi and the river. It includes comments on the pollution of the river from members of each iwi. The world views, experiences, and perceptions reported on here have forced a fundamental change on the iwi, a change that has affected their cultural and social relationship to the river. The price of economic development on the river has been cultural and ecological genocide. 
The cultural voice echoes a familiar story in indigenous communities. In the Maori context the research provides opportunities for further inquiry into determining the socio-cultural, economic and political future of the iwi of the river.

text: Effects of industry on Maori cultural values: The case of the Tarawera River The research is a case study of the relationship between three tribes; Te Arawa, Tuwharetoa ki Kawerau and Ngāti Awa and the Tarawera River during the second half of the 20th century when the river was polluted with effluent from pulp and paper mills. It involves the cultural story of the Tarawera River as told by the iwi (tribes) of the river informed by Maori epistemologies and what has come to be known as a ‗kaupapa Maori research' approach. Reference is made to the history, legends, customs and lifestyle that have arisen from the relationship between iwi and the river. It includes comments on the pollution of the river from members of each iwi. The world views, experiences, and perceptions reported on here have forced a fundamental change on the iwi, a change that has affected their cultural and social relationship to the river. The price of economic development on the river has been cultural and ecological genocide. 
The cultural voice echoes a familiar story in indigenous communities. In the Maori context the research provides opportunities for further inquiry into determining the socio-cultural, economic and political future of the iwi of the river.

year: 2010