title: A second at the sign: Signage increases visitors’ recall of wildlife information at a kiwi hatchery

authors: George, Annie Bella

subjects: signage

abstract: Conservation of wildlife is an integral part of sustainable development of a nation and conservation education needs to remind citizens of how they can play their part. Signs are one of the commonly used low-cost tools to educate the public about different facts and actions necessary to conserve wildlife. I investigated whether a sign increased recall of pecific facts about kiwi predators. I used a single-case, multiple-baseline-across-site design with an ABAB reversal design. At the intervention site The National Kiwi Hatchery, Rotorua, visitor recall increased when the sign was present, compared to when it was absent.  At the control site, Hamilton Zoo, where no sign was placed, recall was similar to sign-absent conditions at the intervention site and did not change over the study period. My research provides evidence that signs can be effective low-cost behavioural interventions.

text: A second at the sign: Signage increases visitors’ recall of wildlife information at a kiwi hatchery Conservation of wildlife is an integral part of sustainable development of a nation and conservation education needs to remind citizens of how they can play their part. Signs are one of the commonly used low-cost tools to educate the public about different facts and actions necessary to conserve wildlife. I investigated whether a sign increased recall of pecific facts about kiwi predators. I used a single-case, multiple-baseline-across-site design with an ABAB reversal design. At the intervention site The National Kiwi Hatchery, Rotorua, visitor recall increased when the sign was present, compared to when it was absent.  At the control site, Hamilton Zoo, where no sign was placed, recall was similar to sign-absent conditions at the intervention site and did not change over the study period. My research provides evidence that signs can be effective low-cost behavioural interventions.

year: 2026

title: Critical sets of full Latin squares

authors: Raass, Petelo Vaipuna

abstract: This thesis explores the properties of critical sets of the full n-Latin square and related combinatorial structures including full designs, (m,n,2)-balanced Latin rectangles and n-Latin cubes.

In Chapter 3 we study known results on designs and the analogies between critical sets of the full n-Latin square and minimal defining sets of the full designs.

Next in Chapter 4 we fully classify the critical sets of the full (m,n,2)-balanced Latin square, by describing the precise structures of these critical sets from the smallest to the largest.

Properties of different types of critical sets of the full n-Latin square are investigated in Chapter 5. We fully classify the structure of any saturated critical set of the full n-Latin square. We show in Theorem 5.8 that such a critical set has size exactly equal to n³ - 2n² - n. In Section 5.2 we give a construction which provides an upper bound for the size of the smallest critical set of the full n-Latin square. Similarly in Section 5.4, another construction gives a lower bound for the size of the largest non-saturated critical set. We conjecture that these bounds are best possible.

Using the results from Chapter 5, we obtain spectrum results on critical sets of the full n-Latin square in Chapter 6. In particular, we show that a critical set of each size between (n - 1)³ + 1 and n(n - 1)² + n - 2 exists.

In Chapter 7, we turn our focus to the completability of partial k-Latin squares. The relationship between partial k-Latin squares and semi-k-Latin squares is used to show that any partial k-Latin square of order n with at most (n - 1) non-empty cells is completable.

As Latin cubes generalize Latin squares, we attempt to generalize some of the results we have established on k-Latin squares so that they apply to k-Latin cubes. These results are presented in Chapter 8.

text: Critical sets of full Latin squares This thesis explores the properties of critical sets of the full n-Latin square and related combinatorial structures including full designs, (m,n,2)-balanced Latin rectangles and n-Latin cubes.

In Chapter 3 we study known results on designs and the analogies between critical sets of the full n-Latin square and minimal defining sets of the full designs.

Next in Chapter 4 we fully classify the critical sets of the full (m,n,2)-balanced Latin square, by describing the precise structures of these critical sets from the smallest to the largest.

Properties of different types of critical sets of the full n-Latin square are investigated in Chapter 5. We fully classify the structure of any saturated critical set of the full n-Latin square. We show in Theorem 5.8 that such a critical set has size exactly equal to n³ - 2n² - n. In Section 5.2 we give a construction which provides an upper bound for the size of the smallest critical set of the full n-Latin square. Similarly in Section 5.4, another construction gives a lower bound for the size of the largest non-saturated critical set. We conjecture that these bounds are best possible.

Using the results from Chapter 5, we obtain spectrum results on critical sets of the full n-Latin square in Chapter 6. In particular, we show that a critical set of each size between (n - 1)³ + 1 and n(n - 1)² + n - 2 exists.

In Chapter 7, we turn our focus to the completability of partial k-Latin squares. The relationship between partial k-Latin squares and semi-k-Latin squares is used to show that any partial k-Latin square of order n with at most (n - 1) non-empty cells is completable.

As Latin cubes generalize Latin squares, we attempt to generalize some of the results we have established on k-Latin squares so that they apply to k-Latin cubes. These results are presented in Chapter 8.

year: 2016

title: Homeless lives in New Zealand: The case of central Auckland

authors: Groot, Shiloh Ann Maree

subjects: Maori

abstract: Homelessness is a pressing and increasingly visible concern in New Zealand. Many people sleeping rough are male and of Maori or Pacific descent. This research focuses on understanding the nature of resilience through the lived experiences of homeless people. To gain insights into cultures of homelessness, a qualitative case study research design was used to engage six homeless people who took part in a series of interviews and photoproduction exercises. Participants are of Maori, Pacific Island, and Pakeha ethnic backgrounds. It therefore may become important to document how homeless people see themselves in relation to their communities of origin and the wider public.

text: Homeless lives in New Zealand: The case of central Auckland Homelessness is a pressing and increasingly visible concern in New Zealand. Many people sleeping rough are male and of Maori or Pacific descent. This research focuses on understanding the nature of resilience through the lived experiences of homeless people. To gain insights into cultures of homelessness, a qualitative case study research design was used to engage six homeless people who took part in a series of interviews and photoproduction exercises. Participants are of Maori, Pacific Island, and Pakeha ethnic backgrounds. It therefore may become important to document how homeless people see themselves in relation to their communities of origin and the wider public.

year: 2008