title: Synthesis and characterisation of isomeric cycloaurated complexes derived from the iminophosphorane Ph₃P=NC(O)Ph

authors: Kilpin, Kelly Joan

subjects: gold complexes

abstract: Using different organomercury substrates, two isomeric cycloaurated complexes derived from the stabilised iminophosphorane Ph₃P NC(O)Ph were prepared. Reaction of Ph₃P NC(O)Ph with PhCH₂Mn(CO)₅ gave the manganated precursor (CO)₄Mn(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃), metallated on the C(O)Ph substituent, which yielded the organomercury complex ClHg(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃) by reaction with HgCl₂ in methanol. Transmetallation of the mercurated derivative with Me₄N[AuCl₄] gave the cycloaurated iminophosphorane AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃) with an exo PPh₃ substituent. The endo isomer AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄Ph₂P NC(O)Ph) [aurated on a PPh₃ ring] was obtained by an independent reaction sequence, involving reaction of the diarylmercury precursor Hg(2-C₆H₄P( NC(O)Ph)Ph₂)₂ [prepared from the known compound Hg(2-C₆H₄PPh₂)₂ and PhC(O)N₃] with Me₄N[AuCl₄]. Both of the isomeric iminophosphorane derivatives were structurally characterised, together with the precursors (2-HgClC₆H₄)C(O)N PPh₃ and (CO)₄Mn(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃). The utility of ³¹P NMR spectroscopy in monitoring reaction chemistry in this system is described.

text: Synthesis and characterisation of isomeric cycloaurated complexes derived from the iminophosphorane Ph₃P=NC(O)Ph Using different organomercury substrates, two isomeric cycloaurated complexes derived from the stabilised iminophosphorane Ph₃P NC(O)Ph were prepared. Reaction of Ph₃P NC(O)Ph with PhCH₂Mn(CO)₅ gave the manganated precursor (CO)₄Mn(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃), metallated on the C(O)Ph substituent, which yielded the organomercury complex ClHg(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃) by reaction with HgCl₂ in methanol. Transmetallation of the mercurated derivative with Me₄N[AuCl₄] gave the cycloaurated iminophosphorane AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃) with an exo PPh₃ substituent. The endo isomer AuCl₂(2-C₆H₄Ph₂P NC(O)Ph) [aurated on a PPh₃ ring] was obtained by an independent reaction sequence, involving reaction of the diarylmercury precursor Hg(2-C₆H₄P( NC(O)Ph)Ph₂)₂ [prepared from the known compound Hg(2-C₆H₄PPh₂)₂ and PhC(O)N₃] with Me₄N[AuCl₄]. Both of the isomeric iminophosphorane derivatives were structurally characterised, together with the precursors (2-HgClC₆H₄)C(O)N PPh₃ and (CO)₄Mn(2-C₆H₄C(O)N PPh₃). The utility of ³¹P NMR spectroscopy in monitoring reaction chemistry in this system is described.

year: 2010

title: Randomised controlled trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers

authors: Molan, Peter C.

subjects: biology

abstract: The efficacy of honey as a treatment for venous ulcers has not been evaluated despite widespread interest in its use. The HALT trial aimed to evaluate the safety and  effectiveness of honey in healing venous ulcers.

text: Randomised controlled trial of honey-impregnated dressings for venous leg ulcers The efficacy of honey as a treatment for venous ulcers has not been evaluated despite widespread interest in its use. The HALT trial aimed to evaluate the safety and  effectiveness of honey in healing venous ulcers.

year: 2008

title: Indigenous Language Usage in a Digital Library: He Hautoa Kia Ora Tonu Ai.

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: indigenous language

abstract: The research described in this thesis examines indigenous language usage in a digital library environment that has been accessed via the Internet.

By examining discretionary use of the Māori Niupepa and Hawaiian Nūpepa digital libraries this research investigates how indigenous languages were used in these electronic environments in 2005. The results provide encouragement and optimism to people who are striving to retain, revitalise and develop the use of indigenous languages in information technologies. The Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) methods used in this research serve as an example of how web logs can be used to provide significant information about language usage in a bilingual online information system. Combining the TLA with user feedback has provided insights into how and why clients use indigenous languages in their information retrieval activities. These insights in turn, show good practice that is relevant not only to those working with indigenous languages, indigenous peoples or multilingual environments, but to all information technology designers who strive for universal usability.
This thesis begins by describing the importance of using indigenous languages in electronic environments and suggests that digital libraries can provide an environment to support and encourage the use of such languages. TLA is explained in the context of this study and is then used to analyse aspects of te reo Māori usage in the Niupepa digital library environment in 2005. TLA also indicates that te reo Māori was used by international clients and this usage differed to te reo Māori usage by national (Aotearoa) clients. Findings further reveal that the default language setting of the Niupepa digital library had a considerable impact on te reo Māori usage. When the default language was set to te reo Māori not only were there more requests in te reo Māori but there was also a higher usage of te reo Māori in the information retrieval activities. TLA of the Hawaiian Nūpepa digital library indicated that the Hawaiian language was also used in a digital library. These results confirm that indigenous languages were used in digital library environments. 
Feedback from clients suggests reasons why indigenous languages were used in this environment. These reasons include the indigenous language content of the digital library, the indigenous language default language setting of the digital library and a stated desire by the clients to use the indigenous language. The key findings raise some interface design issues and support the claim that digital libraries can provide an environment to support the use of indigenous languages.

text: Indigenous Language Usage in a Digital Library: He Hautoa Kia Ora Tonu Ai. The research described in this thesis examines indigenous language usage in a digital library environment that has been accessed via the Internet.

By examining discretionary use of the Māori Niupepa and Hawaiian Nūpepa digital libraries this research investigates how indigenous languages were used in these electronic environments in 2005. The results provide encouragement and optimism to people who are striving to retain, revitalise and develop the use of indigenous languages in information technologies. The Transaction Log Analysis (TLA) methods used in this research serve as an example of how web logs can be used to provide significant information about language usage in a bilingual online information system. Combining the TLA with user feedback has provided insights into how and why clients use indigenous languages in their information retrieval activities. These insights in turn, show good practice that is relevant not only to those working with indigenous languages, indigenous peoples or multilingual environments, but to all information technology designers who strive for universal usability.
This thesis begins by describing the importance of using indigenous languages in electronic environments and suggests that digital libraries can provide an environment to support and encourage the use of such languages. TLA is explained in the context of this study and is then used to analyse aspects of te reo Māori usage in the Niupepa digital library environment in 2005. TLA also indicates that te reo Māori was used by international clients and this usage differed to te reo Māori usage by national (Aotearoa) clients. Findings further reveal that the default language setting of the Niupepa digital library had a considerable impact on te reo Māori usage. When the default language was set to te reo Māori not only were there more requests in te reo Māori but there was also a higher usage of te reo Māori in the information retrieval activities. TLA of the Hawaiian Nūpepa digital library indicated that the Hawaiian language was also used in a digital library. These results confirm that indigenous languages were used in digital library environments. 
Feedback from clients suggests reasons why indigenous languages were used in this environment. These reasons include the indigenous language content of the digital library, the indigenous language default language setting of the digital library and a stated desire by the clients to use the indigenous language. The key findings raise some interface design issues and support the claim that digital libraries can provide an environment to support the use of indigenous languages.

year: 2007