title: ʺThree Strikesʺ sentencing: Another blow for Māori

authors: Rumbles, Wayne

abstract: On June 1, 2010 the Sentencing and Parole Reform Act 2010 amended the Sentencing Act and introduced into New Zealand the so-called “three strikes” sentencing regime. The rationale for introducing this sentencing regime was that it would protect the public, deter offenders, and improve public confidence in the criminal justice system. The stated purpose of the Act is:
• To deny parole to certain repeat offender and to offenders guilty of the worst murders.
• Impose maximum terms of imprisonment on persistent repeat offenders who continue to commit serious violent offences.
This legislative comment will argue that this regime will disproportionately impact on Māori who are already over represented in the criminal justice system at every level. The Department of Corrections has reaffirmed that amplification of Māori within the system is at least in part due to systemic factors that operate at one or more steps of the criminal justice process which make it more likely for Māori to be apprehended, arrested, charged, convicted or imprisoned, with the result that Māori “accumulate” in the system in greater numbers. Given that there is some systematic bias discernable around Māori in the criminal justice system, any habitual offender-sentencing regime will disproportionately impact on Māori, feeding a cycle of increasing Māori incarceration.

text: ʺThree Strikesʺ sentencing: Another blow for Māori On June 1, 2010 the Sentencing and Parole Reform Act 2010 amended the Sentencing Act and introduced into New Zealand the so-called “three strikes” sentencing regime. The rationale for introducing this sentencing regime was that it would protect the public, deter offenders, and improve public confidence in the criminal justice system. The stated purpose of the Act is:
• To deny parole to certain repeat offender and to offenders guilty of the worst murders.
• Impose maximum terms of imprisonment on persistent repeat offenders who continue to commit serious violent offences.
This legislative comment will argue that this regime will disproportionately impact on Māori who are already over represented in the criminal justice system at every level. The Department of Corrections has reaffirmed that amplification of Māori within the system is at least in part due to systemic factors that operate at one or more steps of the criminal justice process which make it more likely for Māori to be apprehended, arrested, charged, convicted or imprisoned, with the result that Māori “accumulate” in the system in greater numbers. Given that there is some systematic bias discernable around Māori in the criminal justice system, any habitual offender-sentencing regime will disproportionately impact on Māori, feeding a cycle of increasing Māori incarceration.

year: 2011

title: The cost of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes

authors: Champion, Paul

abstract: We will present information on the costs of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua, Te Arawa Lakes and thank all of the people who have willingly given us their estimated costs. Hopefully, this provides guidance on what current activities cost and what future scenarios might be feasible.

text: The cost of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes We will present information on the costs of aquatic weed control in the Rotorua, Te Arawa Lakes and thank all of the people who have willingly given us their estimated costs. Hopefully, this provides guidance on what current activities cost and what future scenarios might be feasible.

year: 2017

title: Outcomes of cemented and hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: A systematic review with narrative synthesis

authors: Pearce, Amy

subjects: hip replacement

abstract: Purpose
To compare primary (implant survival and periprosthetic fracture rates, PPF) and secondary (patient reported outcome measures, PROMs) outcomes of cemented and hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis.

Methods
Four databases (PubMed®, EBSCO, ScienceDirect®, and Scopus®) were searched (1 October 2023 and 15 November 2024) for original studies comparing cemented and hybrid primary THA for osteoarthritis. survival, PPF rates, and PROMs. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Quality in Prognostic Studies or RoB 2.0 tool, critically appraised for strength of evidence using GRADE, and underwent a narrative synthesis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023462884.

Results
Eight studies met criteria for review (n = 357,748). Risk of bias was high for two, moderate for three, and low for three studies. Quality of evidence was very low for both primary and secondary outcomes. Five studies met the criteria for the primary outcome (survival) (n = 257,756), two PPF rates (n = 29,581), and three PROMs (n = 382). Three of five studies reported hybrid survival as not significantly different to cemented, and two identified cemented as superior. The three PROMs studies reported no difference between cemented and hybrid THA. A lack of studies and comparative data made it unfeasible to determine PPF outcomes.

Conclusion
Few high-quality studies and methodological heterogeneity led to moderate to high bias and very low overall evidence certainty. Eligible studies indicated no difference in short to medium term PROMs or 10-year survival between the two fixations. Long-term studies indicated superior cemented survival outcomes. A substantial gap in long-term PROMs and PPF rates is noted.

text: Outcomes of cemented and hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis: A systematic review with narrative synthesis Purpose
To compare primary (implant survival and periprosthetic fracture rates, PPF) and secondary (patient reported outcome measures, PROMs) outcomes of cemented and hybrid primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis.

Methods
Four databases (PubMed®, EBSCO, ScienceDirect®, and Scopus®) were searched (1 October 2023 and 15 November 2024) for original studies comparing cemented and hybrid primary THA for osteoarthritis. survival, PPF rates, and PROMs. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias using the Quality in Prognostic Studies or RoB 2.0 tool, critically appraised for strength of evidence using GRADE, and underwent a narrative synthesis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023462884.

Results
Eight studies met criteria for review (n = 357,748). Risk of bias was high for two, moderate for three, and low for three studies. Quality of evidence was very low for both primary and secondary outcomes. Five studies met the criteria for the primary outcome (survival) (n = 257,756), two PPF rates (n = 29,581), and three PROMs (n = 382). Three of five studies reported hybrid survival as not significantly different to cemented, and two identified cemented as superior. The three PROMs studies reported no difference between cemented and hybrid THA. A lack of studies and comparative data made it unfeasible to determine PPF outcomes.

Conclusion
Few high-quality studies and methodological heterogeneity led to moderate to high bias and very low overall evidence certainty. Eligible studies indicated no difference in short to medium term PROMs or 10-year survival between the two fixations. Long-term studies indicated superior cemented survival outcomes. A substantial gap in long-term PROMs and PPF rates is noted.

year: 2025