title: High-risk Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Abuse Characteristics, Psychosocial Vulnerabilities and Reported Revictimization

authors: Tomkins, Jordan

abstract: Purpose: To support service provision, we sought to advance the existing evidence base about the characteristics of—and potential predictors of reported revictimization for—women identified as being at high risk of experiencing ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV).
Method: Our sample included 165 high-risk IPV cases with a female victim and a male aggressor managed by the Integrated Safety Response in New Zealand. Based on police and multi-agency risk assessment information, we (a) described the characteristics of these cases, focusing on victims’ abuse experiences and psychosocial vulnerabilities; (b) examined rates of reported recurrence and physical recurrence; and (c) explored which variables predicted these two outcomes across a 12-month follow up, using the Nested Ecological Model as an organizing framework.
Results:In addition to experiencing harmful patterns of IPV, victims had relatively high rates of mental health issues, drug use, housing instability and unemployment. Reported revictimization was common: 62.8% of cases involved (at least one) recurrence, and 35.8% of cases involved physical recurrence. Most variables did not predict either outcome; but two variables predicted decreased rates of recurrence and physical recurrence: prior strangulation and a victim’s initial engagement with IPV interventions.
Conclusions: As predicted, reported revictimization rates were high. Victims also experienced other psychosocial vulnerabilities, confirming their need for wide-ranging support. However, this study raises questions about whether these needs are relevant to predicting reported revictimization within high-risk cohorts, and highlights the difficulties of empirically validating treatment targets that could minimize further IPV harm for this group.

text: High-risk Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: An Examination of Abuse Characteristics, Psychosocial Vulnerabilities and Reported Revictimization Purpose: To support service provision, we sought to advance the existing evidence base about the characteristics of—and potential predictors of reported revictimization for—women identified as being at high risk of experiencing ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV).
Method: Our sample included 165 high-risk IPV cases with a female victim and a male aggressor managed by the Integrated Safety Response in New Zealand. Based on police and multi-agency risk assessment information, we (a) described the characteristics of these cases, focusing on victims’ abuse experiences and psychosocial vulnerabilities; (b) examined rates of reported recurrence and physical recurrence; and (c) explored which variables predicted these two outcomes across a 12-month follow up, using the Nested Ecological Model as an organizing framework.
Results:In addition to experiencing harmful patterns of IPV, victims had relatively high rates of mental health issues, drug use, housing instability and unemployment. Reported revictimization was common: 62.8% of cases involved (at least one) recurrence, and 35.8% of cases involved physical recurrence. Most variables did not predict either outcome; but two variables predicted decreased rates of recurrence and physical recurrence: prior strangulation and a victim’s initial engagement with IPV interventions.
Conclusions: As predicted, reported revictimization rates were high. Victims also experienced other psychosocial vulnerabilities, confirming their need for wide-ranging support. However, this study raises questions about whether these needs are relevant to predicting reported revictimization within high-risk cohorts, and highlights the difficulties of empirically validating treatment targets that could minimize further IPV harm for this group.

year: 2023-10-31

title: Irishtown Hamilton East 1864-1940

authors: O'Shea-Miles, Cathy

abstract: This study offers an alternative historiographical perspective on the Irish in New Zealand. This study found that an Irish enclave existed in Hamilton ftom 1864-1940. It was fragile and soft-edged, but despite continual pressure for assimilation, it thrived. Unlike previous investigations of other Irish communities in New Zealand, it was found to have had a strong provenance, to have been predominantly Irish and Catholic, and to have expanded without interruption. It displayed exclusive pattems of religious/cultural behaviour and traits documented in overseas studies. It is investigated in three parts, and over three generations. First, the Irish in the founding military settlement are considered. The statistical and demographic evidence for the development of the community over the next two generations is then presented, and finally the experience of life in the community and legacy for the third generation is documented through oral histories. The Irish militiamen were identified from the New Zealand Army records, and Catholic Irish civilian settlers were traced through traditional sources. Some of their direct descendants and others were interviewed. In this way, a composite picture was constructed ftom the beginning of the enclave forwards, and from the end back. It was found that a core group of Irish militiamen, supplemented by Irish Catholic civilians, facilitated the development of the Catholic Church, around which the community gathered. This thesis is a small contribution to the history of the Irish in New Zealand, about whom little research has been done. lt has provided conclusive evidence of at least one Catholic Irish enclave. It is hoped that it will serve as a useful basis for comparison with studies of other similar communities.

text: Irishtown Hamilton East 1864-1940 This study offers an alternative historiographical perspective on the Irish in New Zealand. This study found that an Irish enclave existed in Hamilton ftom 1864-1940. It was fragile and soft-edged, but despite continual pressure for assimilation, it thrived. Unlike previous investigations of other Irish communities in New Zealand, it was found to have had a strong provenance, to have been predominantly Irish and Catholic, and to have expanded without interruption. It displayed exclusive pattems of religious/cultural behaviour and traits documented in overseas studies. It is investigated in three parts, and over three generations. First, the Irish in the founding military settlement are considered. The statistical and demographic evidence for the development of the community over the next two generations is then presented, and finally the experience of life in the community and legacy for the third generation is documented through oral histories. The Irish militiamen were identified from the New Zealand Army records, and Catholic Irish civilian settlers were traced through traditional sources. Some of their direct descendants and others were interviewed. In this way, a composite picture was constructed ftom the beginning of the enclave forwards, and from the end back. It was found that a core group of Irish militiamen, supplemented by Irish Catholic civilians, facilitated the development of the Catholic Church, around which the community gathered. This thesis is a small contribution to the history of the Irish in New Zealand, about whom little research has been done. lt has provided conclusive evidence of at least one Catholic Irish enclave. It is hoped that it will serve as a useful basis for comparison with studies of other similar communities.

year: 1999

title: Bizarre thoughts, magical ideations, and voices from the unconscious: Exploring issues of anomalous experience

authors: Tamatea, Armon J.

subjects: Maori

abstract: This project was initially concerned with the clinical interpretations of ‘bizarre’ or
‘magical’ ideations (i.e., statements considered to have little or no validity in our
predominant western culture). The first study explored clinical assessment issues
of who determines the validity of expressed beliefs and what kinds of criteria such
decisions are based on in the mental health field. The present study examined a
particular type of magical ideation, an auditory phenomenon involving claims that
forward spoken conversation contains hidden backwards speech embedded in the
vocal sounds. Thirty-two participants were invited to listen to various audio
samples of the alleged phenomenon and provide interpretations of what was heard.
Participants were assigned to four groups, each differing in the level of pre-emptive
information. A comparative measure revealed that priming and suggestion could
not be dismissed as alternative explanations of the reported effects. Clinical and
social implications will be discussed.

text: Bizarre thoughts, magical ideations, and voices from the unconscious: Exploring issues of anomalous experience This project was initially concerned with the clinical interpretations of ‘bizarre’ or
‘magical’ ideations (i.e., statements considered to have little or no validity in our
predominant western culture). The first study explored clinical assessment issues
of who determines the validity of expressed beliefs and what kinds of criteria such
decisions are based on in the mental health field. The present study examined a
particular type of magical ideation, an auditory phenomenon involving claims that
forward spoken conversation contains hidden backwards speech embedded in the
vocal sounds. Thirty-two participants were invited to listen to various audio
samples of the alleged phenomenon and provide interpretations of what was heard.
Participants were assigned to four groups, each differing in the level of pre-emptive
information. A comparative measure revealed that priming and suggestion could
not be dismissed as alternative explanations of the reported effects. Clinical and
social implications will be discussed.

year: 2003