title: How might climate change affect adaptive responses of Polar Arthropods?

authors: Matheson, Paige

subjects: adaptation

abstract: Climate change is expected to impact the global distribution and diversity of arthropods, with warmer temperatures forcing species to relocate, acclimate, adapt, or go extinct. The Arctic and Antarctic regions are extremely sensitive to climate change and have displayed profound and variable changes over recent decades, including decreases in sea ice extent, greening of tundra, and changes to hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. It is unclear how polar-adapted arthropods will respond to such changes, though many are expected to be at great risk of extinction. Here, we review the adaptive mechanisms that allow polar arthropods to persist in extreme environments and discuss how the effects of climate change at the poles will likely favour non-native species or those with the ability to rapidly evolve and/or acclimate. We find that physiological, behavioural, plastic, and genetic data are limited in scope for polar arthropods and research on adaptive responses to change is scarce. This restricts our ability to predict how they may respond to a warming climate. We call for a greater investment in research that specifically targets the ecology and evolution of these taxa, including genomic and transcriptomic approaches that can evaluate the potential for plastic and evolved environmental responses.

text: How might climate change affect adaptive responses of Polar Arthropods? Climate change is expected to impact the global distribution and diversity of arthropods, with warmer temperatures forcing species to relocate, acclimate, adapt, or go extinct. The Arctic and Antarctic regions are extremely sensitive to climate change and have displayed profound and variable changes over recent decades, including decreases in sea ice extent, greening of tundra, and changes to hydrological and biogeochemical cycles. It is unclear how polar-adapted arthropods will respond to such changes, though many are expected to be at great risk of extinction. Here, we review the adaptive mechanisms that allow polar arthropods to persist in extreme environments and discuss how the effects of climate change at the poles will likely favour non-native species or those with the ability to rapidly evolve and/or acclimate. We find that physiological, behavioural, plastic, and genetic data are limited in scope for polar arthropods and research on adaptive responses to change is scarce. This restricts our ability to predict how they may respond to a warming climate. We call for a greater investment in research that specifically targets the ecology and evolution of these taxa, including genomic and transcriptomic approaches that can evaluate the potential for plastic and evolved environmental responses.

year: 2023

title: Mercury Bay Coastal Processes Study: Data Report for 2014 & 2015.

authors: Walker, Justin H.

abstract: Two month-long hydrographic and sedimentation field campaigns were conducted from July 15th, 2014 to August 13th, 2014 and from April 9th, 2015 to May 8th, 2015 within the Mercury Bay-Whitianga Inlet-northern Whitianga Estuary system to fulfill the field data needs of the Waikato Regional Council towards the goal of producing a hydrodynamic model of Mercury Bay. The purpose of this data report is to summarize the instrument deployment locations,durations, and settings that were used during the field campaign. This document also aims to aid the modeler (or other Waikato Regional personnel) in the locating of the desired instrument data files from the accompanying data discs. In all cases, the raw data files have been provided for each instrument. In the instance that a raw data file is in a data format that requires proprietary software from the instrument manufacture to process, an export of the data files to a universally-readable file format has been included (e.g., .txt, .dat, .csv, .etc.) or to a MATLAB file format when necessary. Clarification has been provided for instruments that export data files without headers.

text: Mercury Bay Coastal Processes Study: Data Report for 2014 & 2015. Two month-long hydrographic and sedimentation field campaigns were conducted from July 15th, 2014 to August 13th, 2014 and from April 9th, 2015 to May 8th, 2015 within the Mercury Bay-Whitianga Inlet-northern Whitianga Estuary system to fulfill the field data needs of the Waikato Regional Council towards the goal of producing a hydrodynamic model of Mercury Bay. The purpose of this data report is to summarize the instrument deployment locations,durations, and settings that were used during the field campaign. This document also aims to aid the modeler (or other Waikato Regional personnel) in the locating of the desired instrument data files from the accompanying data discs. In all cases, the raw data files have been provided for each instrument. In the instance that a raw data file is in a data format that requires proprietary software from the instrument manufacture to process, an export of the data files to a universally-readable file format has been included (e.g., .txt, .dat, .csv, .etc.) or to a MATLAB file format when necessary. Clarification has been provided for instruments that export data files without headers.

year: 2015

title: Maori internal and international migration at the turn of the century: An Australasian perspective

authors: Bedford, Richard

abstract: At the beginning of the twenty-first century there were two major national clusters of Maori: New Zealand, the ancestral home for Maori, and Australia, home to a much smaller Maori population from the early years of the nineteenth century. In the 2001 censuses of New Zealand and Australia, the usually resident Maori populations were, respectively, 526,281 (ethnic group classification) and 72,956 (ancestry classification). In this paper we examine four dimensions of Maori population movement between 1996 and 2001 using the census data from New Zealand and Australia: 1) internal migration between rural and urban areas in New Zealand; 2) internal migration between rural and urban areas in Australia; 3) migration into New Zealand of Maori resident overseas in 1996; 4) migration into Australia of Maori resident overseas in 1996. There has never been a comprehensive assessment of Maori migration in an Australasian context before, but in the light of developments in population exchanges between New Zealand and Australia this sort of analysis is critical if one wishes to understand contemporary Maori population dynamics.

text: Maori internal and international migration at the turn of the century: An Australasian perspective At the beginning of the twenty-first century there were two major national clusters of Maori: New Zealand, the ancestral home for Maori, and Australia, home to a much smaller Maori population from the early years of the nineteenth century. In the 2001 censuses of New Zealand and Australia, the usually resident Maori populations were, respectively, 526,281 (ethnic group classification) and 72,956 (ancestry classification). In this paper we examine four dimensions of Maori population movement between 1996 and 2001 using the census data from New Zealand and Australia: 1) internal migration between rural and urban areas in New Zealand; 2) internal migration between rural and urban areas in Australia; 3) migration into New Zealand of Maori resident overseas in 1996; 4) migration into Australia of Maori resident overseas in 1996. There has never been a comprehensive assessment of Maori migration in an Australasian context before, but in the light of developments in population exchanges between New Zealand and Australia this sort of analysis is critical if one wishes to understand contemporary Maori population dynamics.

year: 2004