title: Speaking the unspoken: Racism, sport and Māori

authors: Hippolite, Holly Raima

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: In this paper, we consider the silence that surrounds issues of racism in New Zealand sport. We argue that the intersection of two key ideologies – New Zealand’s purported history of good race relations, and the positive contribution that sport is believed to make to racial equality – contribute to a culture of silence in which it is difficult to talk about, let alone discuss constructively, Māori experiences of racism. Our aim is to put the issue on the agenda through engagement with ten experienced Māori sport participants, coaches and administrators whose experiences demonstrate the existence of, and pain caused by, cultural and institutional racism in New Zealand sport. In this aim, we do not seek to hide behind a veil of neutrality or objectivity. Rather, following a kaupapa Māori research approach, our interest is in bringing to light the voices, frustrations and concerns of Māori sportspeople in order to contribute to a much-needed conversation.

text: Speaking the unspoken: Racism, sport and Māori In this paper, we consider the silence that surrounds issues of racism in New Zealand sport. We argue that the intersection of two key ideologies – New Zealand’s purported history of good race relations, and the positive contribution that sport is believed to make to racial equality – contribute to a culture of silence in which it is difficult to talk about, let alone discuss constructively, Māori experiences of racism. Our aim is to put the issue on the agenda through engagement with ten experienced Māori sport participants, coaches and administrators whose experiences demonstrate the existence of, and pain caused by, cultural and institutional racism in New Zealand sport. In this aim, we do not seek to hide behind a veil of neutrality or objectivity. Rather, following a kaupapa Māori research approach, our interest is in bringing to light the voices, frustrations and concerns of Māori sportspeople in order to contribute to a much-needed conversation.

year: 2010

title: Māori women’s perspectives of leadership and wellbeing

authors: Ruru, Stacey Mariu

subjects: Māori women leadership

abstract: This research sought to understand how Māori women leaders maintain their wellbeing within their leadership roles. Semi-structured interviews acknowledging kaupapa Māori theory (Māori philosophy, framework) principles were used to gather the leadership journeys of five Māori women leaders from academic and business backgrounds across the North Island, New Zealand. Kaupapa Māori principles such as kānohi kitea (greeting, meeting face to face), ako Māori (learning, teaching, reciprocity, cultural pedagogy) and manāki ki te tangata (caring, hosting people) provided a methodological framework to follow during interviews with Māori women leaders. From the interviews, thematic analysis was undertaken and patterns, similarities and differences were uncovered that led to the identification of eight main themes: Humility, collective work, the influence of others, overcoming boundaries, balance between te taha hinengaro (mental or psychological wellbeing) and te taha tinana (physical wellbeing), fostering pathways, quieting the mind, and whānau (family) connections. Secondary analysis further developed and explored the themes using indigenous whakataukī Māori (Māori proverbs), which became the overarching theme and connected the eight themes to the five whakataukī. The study found that balance between te taha hinengaro (the psychological, mental wellbeing dimension) and te taha tinana (the physical dimension) from Te Whare Tapa Whā (the four corners of a house) and Te Wheke (the octopus) Māori wellbeing models supported Māori women leaders’ waiora (health, wellbeing). Central to the success of these Māori women leaders was being connected to whānau and friends, and being influenced by tāmariki (children), tauira (students) and employees. These social connections made Māori women leaders strong and resilient to change and challenges. Māori leadership practices and values such as hūmarie (humility), mana wahine (Māori women’s leadership style), manākitanga (caring) and aroha (compassion, love) contributed to leadership drivers that enhanced Māori women within their leadership roles. Finally, recommendations include enhancing practices such as those that encourage mana (influence, power, and identity), mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and ako Māori for future generations to follow.

text: Māori women’s perspectives of leadership and wellbeing This research sought to understand how Māori women leaders maintain their wellbeing within their leadership roles. Semi-structured interviews acknowledging kaupapa Māori theory (Māori philosophy, framework) principles were used to gather the leadership journeys of five Māori women leaders from academic and business backgrounds across the North Island, New Zealand. Kaupapa Māori principles such as kānohi kitea (greeting, meeting face to face), ako Māori (learning, teaching, reciprocity, cultural pedagogy) and manāki ki te tangata (caring, hosting people) provided a methodological framework to follow during interviews with Māori women leaders. From the interviews, thematic analysis was undertaken and patterns, similarities and differences were uncovered that led to the identification of eight main themes: Humility, collective work, the influence of others, overcoming boundaries, balance between te taha hinengaro (mental or psychological wellbeing) and te taha tinana (physical wellbeing), fostering pathways, quieting the mind, and whānau (family) connections. Secondary analysis further developed and explored the themes using indigenous whakataukī Māori (Māori proverbs), which became the overarching theme and connected the eight themes to the five whakataukī. The study found that balance between te taha hinengaro (the psychological, mental wellbeing dimension) and te taha tinana (the physical dimension) from Te Whare Tapa Whā (the four corners of a house) and Te Wheke (the octopus) Māori wellbeing models supported Māori women leaders’ waiora (health, wellbeing). Central to the success of these Māori women leaders was being connected to whānau and friends, and being influenced by tāmariki (children), tauira (students) and employees. These social connections made Māori women leaders strong and resilient to change and challenges. Māori leadership practices and values such as hūmarie (humility), mana wahine (Māori women’s leadership style), manākitanga (caring) and aroha (compassion, love) contributed to leadership drivers that enhanced Māori women within their leadership roles. Finally, recommendations include enhancing practices such as those that encourage mana (influence, power, and identity), mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and ako Māori for future generations to follow.

year: 2016

title: Reproductive biology of yellowbelly flounder Rhombosolea leporina (Günther, 1862) and Rhombosolea spp.

authors: Koverman, Ryan

abstract: Yellowbelly flounder Rhombosolea leporina is a culturally, recreationally, and commercially important flounder species in New Zealand. R. leporina contain high-quality flesh and sexually dimorphic growth, where females grow more rapid and reach an overall larger size than males. These biological characteristics make R. leporina an enticing opportunity for aquaculture. Aquaculture is becoming an increasingly important capability in global food security and an alternative to wild capture fisheries. Understanding and controlling the reproductive biology of an aquaculture species candidate is required to ensure successful production. The understanding of the reproductive biology also facilitates the effective management of wild stocks. Currently, there is a limited amount of literature on the reproductive cycle of R. leporina and no previous literature available on the sexual differentiation in Rhombosolea spp. This study provides a histological investigation into the reproductive cycle of adult female R. leporina, from November 2015 – October 2017, and sexual differentiation in Rhombosolea spp. juveniles. It was found that R. leporina spawns over a protracted seven-month season, from June to December. Based on the histological observations it was apparent that R. leporina have multiple group synchronous ovarian development with the potential of batch spawning. The investigation into sexual differentiation in the Rhombosolea spp. juveniles revealed gonadal cavities in all individuals, making ovarian cavities an inadequate criterion of sex. Therefore, it was found that the juveniles display sexual differentiation at 47 mm TL and 57 mm TL, for females with meiotic oocytes and males with spermatocytes respectively. Furthermore, spermatozoa were present in testes of a 71 mm TL male. These results provide insights into the precise timing of reproductive development and the size at sexual differentiation. The results presented here may facilitate further investigations into the endocrine regulation or manipulation of the reproductive biology of R. leporina. The implication of the investigation into Rhombosolea spp. juveniles illustrate the necessity of more robust investigations into the timing of sexual differentiation and initial gonadal development alongside insights into gene expression. Nonetheless, these findings provide essential background knowledge on the reproductive biology of R. leporina and Rhombosolea spp. juveniles for the potential of aquaculture and management of wild stocks.

text: Reproductive biology of yellowbelly flounder Rhombosolea leporina (Günther, 1862) and Rhombosolea spp. Yellowbelly flounder Rhombosolea leporina is a culturally, recreationally, and commercially important flounder species in New Zealand. R. leporina contain high-quality flesh and sexually dimorphic growth, where females grow more rapid and reach an overall larger size than males. These biological characteristics make R. leporina an enticing opportunity for aquaculture. Aquaculture is becoming an increasingly important capability in global food security and an alternative to wild capture fisheries. Understanding and controlling the reproductive biology of an aquaculture species candidate is required to ensure successful production. The understanding of the reproductive biology also facilitates the effective management of wild stocks. Currently, there is a limited amount of literature on the reproductive cycle of R. leporina and no previous literature available on the sexual differentiation in Rhombosolea spp. This study provides a histological investigation into the reproductive cycle of adult female R. leporina, from November 2015 – October 2017, and sexual differentiation in Rhombosolea spp. juveniles. It was found that R. leporina spawns over a protracted seven-month season, from June to December. Based on the histological observations it was apparent that R. leporina have multiple group synchronous ovarian development with the potential of batch spawning. The investigation into sexual differentiation in the Rhombosolea spp. juveniles revealed gonadal cavities in all individuals, making ovarian cavities an inadequate criterion of sex. Therefore, it was found that the juveniles display sexual differentiation at 47 mm TL and 57 mm TL, for females with meiotic oocytes and males with spermatocytes respectively. Furthermore, spermatozoa were present in testes of a 71 mm TL male. These results provide insights into the precise timing of reproductive development and the size at sexual differentiation. The results presented here may facilitate further investigations into the endocrine regulation or manipulation of the reproductive biology of R. leporina. The implication of the investigation into Rhombosolea spp. juveniles illustrate the necessity of more robust investigations into the timing of sexual differentiation and initial gonadal development alongside insights into gene expression. Nonetheless, these findings provide essential background knowledge on the reproductive biology of R. leporina and Rhombosolea spp. juveniles for the potential of aquaculture and management of wild stocks.

year: 2018