title: Geological structure of the forearc basin in central Hawke’s Bay, eastern North Island

authors: Bland, Kyle J.

subjects: Hawke’s Bay

abstract: Central Hawke’s Bay lies within an extensive forearc basin in eastern North Island that developed during the Late Miocene to Pleistocene. The onshore structural elements of Hawke’s Bay can be classified into four structural domains, each reflecting differing styles and scales of deformation. These domains are from west to east, the axial range domain, the range front con¬tractional domain, the central forearc basin domain, and the eastern contractional domain.
Some degree of the oblique-interaction of the Australia and Pacific plates on the subduction thrust is inferred to be partitioned across the four structural domains and to be expressed dominantly as oblique-(dextral) slip on faults bordering the axial ranges, and as short¬ening on reverse faults and folds in more eastern parts of the forearc. The axial range domain involves the eastern parts of the North Island axial ranges where there is marked oblique-slip displacement on major faults. Some dextral offest is accommodated in the range front contractional domain, although dip-slip displacement is more significant.
The central forearc basin domain is comparatively undeformed with only minor reverse faulting and (fault-force driven) folding. By comparison, the ad¬jacent eastern contractional domain, which comprises an accretionary wedge, is characterised by imbricate reverse and thrust faulting and associated folding. A small degree of dextral-slip is also accommodated in this domain. The uppermost parts of the inboard margin of the accretionary wedge, particularly the part onshore, is currently undergoing gravitationally-driven collapse expressed as deep-seated landslides and normal faulting.
Many folds in the basin are fault-cored, several of which have been targeted in recent years by petroleum exploration companies (e.g. Hukarere-, Whakatu-and Kereru-).
Most deformation of the forearc basin fill in central Hawke’s Bay is post early Nukumaruan (2.4 Ma) and much of this has occurred since the early Pleistocene (.8 Ma). Dextral-slip on Mohaka and Ruahine Faults since the Early Pliocene is likely to be less than 0 km. Significant unconformities in the basin fill reflect early phases of development of oblique-slip faults in the axial ranges. New dextral oblique-slip faults are developing in the basin fill to the east of the main oblique-slip faults bordering the ranges.

text: Geological structure of the forearc basin in central Hawke’s Bay, eastern North Island Central Hawke’s Bay lies within an extensive forearc basin in eastern North Island that developed during the Late Miocene to Pleistocene. The onshore structural elements of Hawke’s Bay can be classified into four structural domains, each reflecting differing styles and scales of deformation. These domains are from west to east, the axial range domain, the range front con¬tractional domain, the central forearc basin domain, and the eastern contractional domain.
Some degree of the oblique-interaction of the Australia and Pacific plates on the subduction thrust is inferred to be partitioned across the four structural domains and to be expressed dominantly as oblique-(dextral) slip on faults bordering the axial ranges, and as short¬ening on reverse faults and folds in more eastern parts of the forearc. The axial range domain involves the eastern parts of the North Island axial ranges where there is marked oblique-slip displacement on major faults. Some dextral offest is accommodated in the range front contractional domain, although dip-slip displacement is more significant.
The central forearc basin domain is comparatively undeformed with only minor reverse faulting and (fault-force driven) folding. By comparison, the ad¬jacent eastern contractional domain, which comprises an accretionary wedge, is characterised by imbricate reverse and thrust faulting and associated folding. A small degree of dextral-slip is also accommodated in this domain. The uppermost parts of the inboard margin of the accretionary wedge, particularly the part onshore, is currently undergoing gravitationally-driven collapse expressed as deep-seated landslides and normal faulting.
Many folds in the basin are fault-cored, several of which have been targeted in recent years by petroleum exploration companies (e.g. Hukarere-, Whakatu-and Kereru-).
Most deformation of the forearc basin fill in central Hawke’s Bay is post early Nukumaruan (2.4 Ma) and much of this has occurred since the early Pleistocene (.8 Ma). Dextral-slip on Mohaka and Ruahine Faults since the Early Pliocene is likely to be less than 0 km. Significant unconformities in the basin fill reflect early phases of development of oblique-slip faults in the axial ranges. New dextral oblique-slip faults are developing in the basin fill to the east of the main oblique-slip faults bordering the ranges.

year: 2006

title: František Jiránek and the Italian connection:  A study of the influence of Antonio Vivaldi on the  bassoon concertos of František Jiránek

authors: Bradfield, Craig Anthony

abstract: The concertos of Antonio Vivaldi rapidly transformed not only Venetian and Italian music but influenced composers across the rest of Europe as well. The older generation of composers felt the need to integrate at least some of the features of the new and malleable Vivaldian ritornello model into their own works, and the younger generation simply fell completely under the inspiring composer's spell. Vivaldi's influence relied on his reputation as a virtuoso performer, Venice's cultural standing and, in particular, the rapid dissemination of his publications throughout Europe. 
Vivaldi scholar Michael Talbot and musicologist Václav Kapsa have accrued a large amount of research on Vivaldi and Jiránek's lives, works and influence but have not spent a lot of time on the composer's bassoon concertos specifically. Inspired by their work, I have been able to create a clear image of both composers' surroundings, influences, and possible motivations to extrapolate my theories regarding the Jiránek bassoon concertos and his relationship with his teacher Vivaldi.
This thesis is presented in six chapters, alongside performance editions of Jiránek's four extant bassoon concertos (including the two incomplete works) and a recording of a performance of the two complete concertos (KapM Jiranek 18 in F major and KapM Jiranek 21 in G minor), and two by Vivaldi (RV 496, and RV 501). 
Chapter 1 sites the study in the well-traversed area of Vivaldi scholarship, surveys the literature and introduces the purpose and processes of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides a detailed overview of the musical life of Bohemian composers of the early eighteenth century, the esteemed musical court of Count von Morzin, and Vivaldi's connection with it. Chapter 3 introduces František Jiránek and highlights his time as a student of Vivaldi. Chapter 4 considers the dominant galant aesthetic of the Bohemian courts and provides a discussion of rhetorical elements. Chapter 5 is a descriptive analysis, after John White, of the first movements of four bassoon concertos, each by Vivaldi and Jiránek. Chapter 6 presents findings and conclusions.
During the 1720s, Vivaldi moved away from the earlier 'classic' concerto form of the 1710s creating a more flexible and inventive model. Unlike many of Vivaldi's followers who were influenced by the composer's earlier concertos, it is clear by the information gathered in this research that Jiránek followed his master's lead and composed in a similarly flexible way. The specific formal and motivic characteristics that have been identified here show that Jiránek used a vast array of these Vivaldian traits (such as compositional frameworks, orchestration, and phrasing) effortlessly, which he combined with an impressive working knowledge of the instruments he was writing for, comparably to his teacher, in a very idiomatic way.

text: František Jiránek and the Italian connection:  A study of the influence of Antonio Vivaldi on the  bassoon concertos of František Jiránek The concertos of Antonio Vivaldi rapidly transformed not only Venetian and Italian music but influenced composers across the rest of Europe as well. The older generation of composers felt the need to integrate at least some of the features of the new and malleable Vivaldian ritornello model into their own works, and the younger generation simply fell completely under the inspiring composer's spell. Vivaldi's influence relied on his reputation as a virtuoso performer, Venice's cultural standing and, in particular, the rapid dissemination of his publications throughout Europe. 
Vivaldi scholar Michael Talbot and musicologist Václav Kapsa have accrued a large amount of research on Vivaldi and Jiránek's lives, works and influence but have not spent a lot of time on the composer's bassoon concertos specifically. Inspired by their work, I have been able to create a clear image of both composers' surroundings, influences, and possible motivations to extrapolate my theories regarding the Jiránek bassoon concertos and his relationship with his teacher Vivaldi.
This thesis is presented in six chapters, alongside performance editions of Jiránek's four extant bassoon concertos (including the two incomplete works) and a recording of a performance of the two complete concertos (KapM Jiranek 18 in F major and KapM Jiranek 21 in G minor), and two by Vivaldi (RV 496, and RV 501). 
Chapter 1 sites the study in the well-traversed area of Vivaldi scholarship, surveys the literature and introduces the purpose and processes of the thesis. Chapter 2 provides a detailed overview of the musical life of Bohemian composers of the early eighteenth century, the esteemed musical court of Count von Morzin, and Vivaldi's connection with it. Chapter 3 introduces František Jiránek and highlights his time as a student of Vivaldi. Chapter 4 considers the dominant galant aesthetic of the Bohemian courts and provides a discussion of rhetorical elements. Chapter 5 is a descriptive analysis, after John White, of the first movements of four bassoon concertos, each by Vivaldi and Jiránek. Chapter 6 presents findings and conclusions.
During the 1720s, Vivaldi moved away from the earlier 'classic' concerto form of the 1710s creating a more flexible and inventive model. Unlike many of Vivaldi's followers who were influenced by the composer's earlier concertos, it is clear by the information gathered in this research that Jiránek followed his master's lead and composed in a similarly flexible way. The specific formal and motivic characteristics that have been identified here show that Jiránek used a vast array of these Vivaldian traits (such as compositional frameworks, orchestration, and phrasing) effortlessly, which he combined with an impressive working knowledge of the instruments he was writing for, comparably to his teacher, in a very idiomatic way.

year: 2023

title: Toitu Te Moananui a Toi – The Effects of the MV Rena on the Water Quality, Chemistry and Zooplankton of Otaiti (Astrolabe Reef)

authors: Dempsey, Te Puea Toni

subjects: metal contamination

abstract: Humans have had a profound effect on the world’s oceans, particularly through pollution. Marine pollution incidents are particularly important and increasingly involve both petrochemical and metal contamination. The effects of complex high level, point source pollution events such as ship wrecks on larval recruitment to reef environments is not well understood. Larval settlement is heavily influenced by chemical cues, hence pollution events could have a long term influence on reef ecology, and the likelihood that planktonic zooplankton can entrain contaminants into the reef food web is also of concern.
This thesis aims to address concerns from local Tangata Whenua, government, researchers, stakeholders and the public about the long term recovery of Otaiti following the MV Rena shipwreck and subsequent reef contamination. The incident is a complex one involving metallic container debris contamination along with oil. Research focussed on assessing the effects of water borne contamination surrounding the wreck site in order to examine acute and chronic responses of planktonic invertebrates: (1) the influence of Rena and associated debris to the chemistry and quality of water in the benthic zone around the wreck, (2) the toxicity of contaminants to survivorship of zooplankton, and (3) the influence on contaminant plumes to zooplankton recruitment behaviour of Otaiti.
There is a clear effect from the Rena and its associated debris field on the water quality and chemistry of Otaiti. Aluminium and copper for example, were consistently elevated in dissolved and total metal concentrations around the debris field. Laboratory based exposure of zooplankton to realistic concentration gradients of Rena contaminated sediments resulted in increased mortality with increased contaminant concentrations. Behavioural responses of pelagic and settling invertebrates to Rena pollution influenced sediment highlighted sensitivity to associated contaminant plumes. This could have significant ecological implications to the recruitment behaviour of other planktonic organisms that rely on reef conspecifics and chemical cues to initiate settlement.
Ecological concepts such as ecosystem function and biodiversity dynamics (including recruitment) relate the life force and longevity of a system. Key concerns within the scope of this research were highlighted that may have implications to Tangata Whenua decision making in assessing the Mauri of Otaiti. It can be implied that the Rena continues to impact the Mauri of Otaiti due to the presence of contaminants within the debris field.

text: Toitu Te Moananui a Toi – The Effects of the MV Rena on the Water Quality, Chemistry and Zooplankton of Otaiti (Astrolabe Reef) Humans have had a profound effect on the world’s oceans, particularly through pollution. Marine pollution incidents are particularly important and increasingly involve both petrochemical and metal contamination. The effects of complex high level, point source pollution events such as ship wrecks on larval recruitment to reef environments is not well understood. Larval settlement is heavily influenced by chemical cues, hence pollution events could have a long term influence on reef ecology, and the likelihood that planktonic zooplankton can entrain contaminants into the reef food web is also of concern.
This thesis aims to address concerns from local Tangata Whenua, government, researchers, stakeholders and the public about the long term recovery of Otaiti following the MV Rena shipwreck and subsequent reef contamination. The incident is a complex one involving metallic container debris contamination along with oil. Research focussed on assessing the effects of water borne contamination surrounding the wreck site in order to examine acute and chronic responses of planktonic invertebrates: (1) the influence of Rena and associated debris to the chemistry and quality of water in the benthic zone around the wreck, (2) the toxicity of contaminants to survivorship of zooplankton, and (3) the influence on contaminant plumes to zooplankton recruitment behaviour of Otaiti.
There is a clear effect from the Rena and its associated debris field on the water quality and chemistry of Otaiti. Aluminium and copper for example, were consistently elevated in dissolved and total metal concentrations around the debris field. Laboratory based exposure of zooplankton to realistic concentration gradients of Rena contaminated sediments resulted in increased mortality with increased contaminant concentrations. Behavioural responses of pelagic and settling invertebrates to Rena pollution influenced sediment highlighted sensitivity to associated contaminant plumes. This could have significant ecological implications to the recruitment behaviour of other planktonic organisms that rely on reef conspecifics and chemical cues to initiate settlement.
Ecological concepts such as ecosystem function and biodiversity dynamics (including recruitment) relate the life force and longevity of a system. Key concerns within the scope of this research were highlighted that may have implications to Tangata Whenua decision making in assessing the Mauri of Otaiti. It can be implied that the Rena continues to impact the Mauri of Otaiti due to the presence of contaminants within the debris field.

year: 2015