title: SQAB 2012:Timing

authors: Shahan, Timothy A.

abstract: This special issue of Behavioral Processes reports the proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Quantitative Analyses of Behavior (SQAB) held in Seattle, Washington May 24–26, 2012. The special issue focuses on research that examines the subjective experience of the passage of time. All papers make use of models and theories to frame their research and explanations. Internal clock models of various flavors help frame those discussions. Information processing based models such as Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET; Gibbon, 1977) rely on assumptions about sources of error in a pacemaker-accumulator model of an internal clock. Others such as the Behavioral Theory of Timing (BeT; Killeen and Fetterman, 1988) and Learning to Time (LeT; Machado, 1997) place special emphasis on the role of behavior and associative processes in mediating timing. Other models do not posit pacemaker counter systems, such as the Attentional Allocation Model (e.g., Zakay, 1993) which builds its explanations on assumptions about the competition for attentional resources between temporal and non-temporal tasks. Relative-Coding Hypothesis holds that responding is controlled by the relative value of temporal samples (Molet and Zentall, 2008). The Striatal Beat Frequency Model (e.g., Matell and Meck, 2000) offers a very different sort of model based on cortical activity. One thing in common between these models is that they are called on to help to explain timing behavior by providing a mechanism for action. The collection of papers in this special issue is noteworthy because of the diversity of models, methods, and species that have been used.

text: SQAB 2012:Timing This special issue of Behavioral Processes reports the proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Society for the Quantitative Analyses of Behavior (SQAB) held in Seattle, Washington May 24–26, 2012. The special issue focuses on research that examines the subjective experience of the passage of time. All papers make use of models and theories to frame their research and explanations. Internal clock models of various flavors help frame those discussions. Information processing based models such as Scalar Expectancy Theory (SET; Gibbon, 1977) rely on assumptions about sources of error in a pacemaker-accumulator model of an internal clock. Others such as the Behavioral Theory of Timing (BeT; Killeen and Fetterman, 1988) and Learning to Time (LeT; Machado, 1997) place special emphasis on the role of behavior and associative processes in mediating timing. Other models do not posit pacemaker counter systems, such as the Attentional Allocation Model (e.g., Zakay, 1993) which builds its explanations on assumptions about the competition for attentional resources between temporal and non-temporal tasks. Relative-Coding Hypothesis holds that responding is controlled by the relative value of temporal samples (Molet and Zentall, 2008). The Striatal Beat Frequency Model (e.g., Matell and Meck, 2000) offers a very different sort of model based on cortical activity. One thing in common between these models is that they are called on to help to explain timing behavior by providing a mechanism for action. The collection of papers in this special issue is noteworthy because of the diversity of models, methods, and species that have been used.

year: 2013

title: Performance of coloured solar collectors

authors: Anderson, Timothy Nicholas

subjects: solar collector

abstract: The use of solar collectors with coloured absorbers for water heating is an area of particular interest when considering their integration with buildings. By matching the absorber colour with that of the roof or façade of the building, it is possible to achieve an architecturally and visually pleasing result. Despite the potential for the use of coloured absorbers very little work has been undertaken in the field.
In this study, the thermal performance of a series of coloured, ranging from white to black, water heating solar collectors is examined. Subsequently, the annual solar fraction for typical water heating systems with coloured absorbers is calculated. The results show that coloured solar collector absorbers can make noticeable contributions to heating loads. Furthermore, although their thermal efficiency is lower than highly developed selective coating absorbers, they offer the advantage of sensitive integration with buildings.

text: Performance of coloured solar collectors The use of solar collectors with coloured absorbers for water heating is an area of particular interest when considering their integration with buildings. By matching the absorber colour with that of the roof or façade of the building, it is possible to achieve an architecturally and visually pleasing result. Despite the potential for the use of coloured absorbers very little work has been undertaken in the field.
In this study, the thermal performance of a series of coloured, ranging from white to black, water heating solar collectors is examined. Subsequently, the annual solar fraction for typical water heating systems with coloured absorbers is calculated. The results show that coloured solar collector absorbers can make noticeable contributions to heating loads. Furthermore, although their thermal efficiency is lower than highly developed selective coating absorbers, they offer the advantage of sensitive integration with buildings.

year: 2009

title: Te ao hurihuri : iwi identification in the census

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: As the flagship of official statistics, the national population census is an important forum for the recognition of indigenous peoples in their homelands and territories (United Nations, 2008). While most governments worldwide count and classify their populations by ethnicity, New Zealand is rare in enabling multiple expressions of indigenous identity in the census. Since 1991, it has been possible to identify as Māori in three ways: by descent, ethnicity and iwi (tribal) affiliation (see Figure 1). The Māori descent population is the largest— in 2013, just under 669,000 individuals ticked the Māori descent box. The number identifying as Māori by ethnicity - intended as a measure of cultural belonging - was substantially lower at just under 600,000. Most of the remaining 69,000 Māori descendants identified solely as NZ European. In 2013 nearly 83 per cent of Māori descendants (n=535,941) reported belonging to at least one iwi. Of those that did not report an iwi affiliation, 40 per cent did not identify as Māori by ethnicity either.

text: Te ao hurihuri : iwi identification in the census As the flagship of official statistics, the national population census is an important forum for the recognition of indigenous peoples in their homelands and territories (United Nations, 2008). While most governments worldwide count and classify their populations by ethnicity, New Zealand is rare in enabling multiple expressions of indigenous identity in the census. Since 1991, it has been possible to identify as Māori in three ways: by descent, ethnicity and iwi (tribal) affiliation (see Figure 1). The Māori descent population is the largest— in 2013, just under 669,000 individuals ticked the Māori descent box. The number identifying as Māori by ethnicity - intended as a measure of cultural belonging - was substantially lower at just under 600,000. Most of the remaining 69,000 Māori descendants identified solely as NZ European. In 2013 nearly 83 per cent of Māori descendants (n=535,941) reported belonging to at least one iwi. Of those that did not report an iwi affiliation, 40 per cent did not identify as Māori by ethnicity either.

year: 2015