title: The influence of warming on phosphorus burial in continental margin sediments

authors: Zhao, M

subjects: climate

abstract: The marine phosphorus cycle plays a critical role in regulating rates of primary productivity and thus the size of the marine biosphere. Yet, the cumulative effects of temperature change—and warming, in particular—on marine phosphorus burial remain poorly understood. Here, we explore a benthic biogeochemical model that accounts for the compounded effect of temperature on the kinetics of key diagenetic reaction pathways, diffusion coefficients, seawater pH, dissolved O2 concentration and bioturbation, in order to provide a new predictive framework for understanding the temperature response associated with P burial in continental margin settings. We find that temperature has a direct and positive impact on marine phosphorus burial, as it directly increases the formation rate of key mineral P-removal pathways—foremost carbonate fluorapatite (CFA). The increase in authigenic P burial during climate warming is likely to partially counter the effects of increased water-column P regeneration rate during climate warming events, and thus influence the extent of oceanic anoxia and organic matter burial, a factor that should be considered when assessing the response of the P cycle in the face of warming.

text: The influence of warming on phosphorus burial in continental margin sediments The marine phosphorus cycle plays a critical role in regulating rates of primary productivity and thus the size of the marine biosphere. Yet, the cumulative effects of temperature change—and warming, in particular—on marine phosphorus burial remain poorly understood. Here, we explore a benthic biogeochemical model that accounts for the compounded effect of temperature on the kinetics of key diagenetic reaction pathways, diffusion coefficients, seawater pH, dissolved O2 concentration and bioturbation, in order to provide a new predictive framework for understanding the temperature response associated with P burial in continental margin settings. We find that temperature has a direct and positive impact on marine phosphorus burial, as it directly increases the formation rate of key mineral P-removal pathways—foremost carbonate fluorapatite (CFA). The increase in authigenic P burial during climate warming is likely to partially counter the effects of increased water-column P regeneration rate during climate warming events, and thus influence the extent of oceanic anoxia and organic matter burial, a factor that should be considered when assessing the response of the P cycle in the face of warming.

year: 2023

title: Biodiversity inventories in high gear: DNA barcoding facilitates a rapid biotic survey of a temperate nature reserve

authors: Telfer, A

abstract: Comprehensive biotic surveys, or ‘all taxon biodiversity inventories’ (ATBI), have traditionally been limited in scale or scope due to the complications surrounding specimen sorting and species identification. To circumvent these issues, several ATBI projects have successfully integrated DNA barcoding into their identification procedures and witnessed acceleration in their surveys and subsequent increase in project scope and scale. The Biodiversity Institute of Ontario partnered with the rare Charitable Research Reserve and delegates of the 6th International Barcode of Life Conference to complete its own rapid, barcode-assisted ATBI of an established land trust in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada.

text: Biodiversity inventories in high gear: DNA barcoding facilitates a rapid biotic survey of a temperate nature reserve Comprehensive biotic surveys, or ‘all taxon biodiversity inventories’ (ATBI), have traditionally been limited in scale or scope due to the complications surrounding specimen sorting and species identification. To circumvent these issues, several ATBI projects have successfully integrated DNA barcoding into their identification procedures and witnessed acceleration in their surveys and subsequent increase in project scope and scale. The Biodiversity Institute of Ontario partnered with the rare Charitable Research Reserve and delegates of the 6th International Barcode of Life Conference to complete its own rapid, barcode-assisted ATBI of an established land trust in Cambridge, Ontario, Canada.

year: 2015-08-30

title: Examining the effects of Ki-o-Rahi on the development of fundamental movement skills by children in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Daveta, Wiliame

subjects: fundamental movement skills

abstract: Children with poor fundamental movement skills might have challenges when engaging in activities that require specific skills to help them perform effectively. Development of those skills through targeted training has the potential to build the foundation for fundamental movement skills. This study examined whether Ki-o-Rahi can enhance learning fundamental movement skills (FMS) and cognitive and social skills in Aotearoa New Zealand children. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was conducted over 8 weeks with 86 primary school children from five separate classes that were allocated to treatment conditions via cluster sampling: two classes to the intervention group, two to the control group, and one to the legend-only control group. The intervention group learned the legend and played Ki-o-Rahi over 8 sessions, whereas the control groups continued with their regular physical activities, but only one of the control groups learned the legend. FMS were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) and the Motor Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). Cognitive skills were measured using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders test (HTKS), forward and backward digit span, and forward and backward corsi block. Researchers measured social skills using the Early Childhood Social Relationship with Peers (ECSRP) teacher-proxy questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the intervention and control group gained improvements in the FMS and social skills but not cognitive skills. The legend-only group showed no significant changes. The findings suggest that Ki-o-rahi can contribute to developing FMS, cognitive, and social skills in Aotearoa New Zealand children. Future research should consider extending the duration of the study to assess long-term effects and include a larger cohort of Pacific or Māori children to explore potential benefits of Ki-o-Rahi in greater depth.

text: Examining the effects of Ki-o-Rahi on the development of fundamental movement skills by children in Aotearoa New Zealand Children with poor fundamental movement skills might have challenges when engaging in activities that require specific skills to help them perform effectively. Development of those skills through targeted training has the potential to build the foundation for fundamental movement skills. This study examined whether Ki-o-Rahi can enhance learning fundamental movement skills (FMS) and cognitive and social skills in Aotearoa New Zealand children. A quasi-experimental pre-post design was conducted over 8 weeks with 86 primary school children from five separate classes that were allocated to treatment conditions via cluster sampling: two classes to the intervention group, two to the control group, and one to the legend-only control group. The intervention group learned the legend and played Ki-o-Rahi over 8 sessions, whereas the control groups continued with their regular physical activities, but only one of the control groups learned the legend. FMS were measured using the Test of Gross Motor Development—Third Edition (TGMD-3) and the Motor Assessment Battery for Children (MABC-2). Cognitive skills were measured using the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders test (HTKS), forward and backward digit span, and forward and backward corsi block. Researchers measured social skills using the Early Childhood Social Relationship with Peers (ECSRP) teacher-proxy questionnaire. The results demonstrated that the intervention and control group gained improvements in the FMS and social skills but not cognitive skills. The legend-only group showed no significant changes. The findings suggest that Ki-o-rahi can contribute to developing FMS, cognitive, and social skills in Aotearoa New Zealand children. Future research should consider extending the duration of the study to assess long-term effects and include a larger cohort of Pacific or Māori children to explore potential benefits of Ki-o-Rahi in greater depth.

year: 2024