title: The relationship between well-being and wildfire

authors: Kaval, Pamela

subjects: well-being evaluation method

abstract: In this study, the well-being evaluation method, a technique for measuring individual utility, was used to study how people in the wildland urban interface of Colorado (USA) felt about their lives before and after two hypothetical wildfire scenarios. Variables such as age, family size, fire frequency, and property value were found to affect initial well-being levels. However, if a wildfire were to occur, many variables that initially affected well-being were no longer significant. It was found that after wildfire, the frequency of wildfire occurrence became the most important influence on well-being. These results have several implications for wildfire managers. First, the well-being of Colorado wildland urban interface residents would be enhanced by a reduction in the frequency of high-intensity wildfires. Secondly, an extremely high percentage of respondents were in favor of prescribed burning. Therefore, the reduction of high-intensity fires could not only be accomplished by conducting a rotation of prescribed fires, but that prescribed burning would be accepted by the public living in the wildland urban interface.

text: The relationship between well-being and wildfire In this study, the well-being evaluation method, a technique for measuring individual utility, was used to study how people in the wildland urban interface of Colorado (USA) felt about their lives before and after two hypothetical wildfire scenarios. Variables such as age, family size, fire frequency, and property value were found to affect initial well-being levels. However, if a wildfire were to occur, many variables that initially affected well-being were no longer significant. It was found that after wildfire, the frequency of wildfire occurrence became the most important influence on well-being. These results have several implications for wildfire managers. First, the well-being of Colorado wildland urban interface residents would be enhanced by a reduction in the frequency of high-intensity wildfires. Secondly, an extremely high percentage of respondents were in favor of prescribed burning. Therefore, the reduction of high-intensity fires could not only be accomplished by conducting a rotation of prescribed fires, but that prescribed burning would be accepted by the public living in the wildland urban interface.

year: 2006-10

title: Understanding the degree of condensation of phenolic and etherified C-9 Units of in situ lignins

authors: Nanayakkara, Bernadette

subjects: β-aryl ether linkages

abstract: A novel approach for the quantification of the degree of condensation at the C₅ position of etherified and phenolic phenylpropane (C-9) units of in situ lignin is described. This is achieved by degrading unmethylated and methylated wood by thioacidolysis and analyzing the resultant product mixtures by quantitative ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Applying this new method to compression wood and normal wood from Pinus radiata showed that, whereas 41–47% of etherified guaiacyl C-9 units are condensed at the C₅ position, almost all phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units exist as uncondensed moieties. Analysis of milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from the same wood by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy before and after thioacidolysis showed that the phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units were more condensed than those in the in situ lignin. This is likely due to partial cleavage of the more condensed etherified linkages during the lignin isolation, leading to a relative increase in condensed phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units.

text: Understanding the degree of condensation of phenolic and etherified C-9 Units of in situ lignins A novel approach for the quantification of the degree of condensation at the C₅ position of etherified and phenolic phenylpropane (C-9) units of in situ lignin is described. This is achieved by degrading unmethylated and methylated wood by thioacidolysis and analyzing the resultant product mixtures by quantitative ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. Applying this new method to compression wood and normal wood from Pinus radiata showed that, whereas 41–47% of etherified guaiacyl C-9 units are condensed at the C₅ position, almost all phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units exist as uncondensed moieties. Analysis of milled wood lignin (MWL) isolated from the same wood by ³¹P NMR spectroscopy before and after thioacidolysis showed that the phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units were more condensed than those in the in situ lignin. This is likely due to partial cleavage of the more condensed etherified linkages during the lignin isolation, leading to a relative increase in condensed phenolic guaiacyl C-9 units.

year: 2011

title: Call and response: Taika Waititi’s ‘Boy’

authors: Perrott, Lisa

subjects: Waititi's film

abstract: Lisa Perrott examines how the construction of Waititi's latest film might engender complex, nuanced responses from audiences.

text: Call and response: Taika Waititi’s ‘Boy’ Lisa Perrott examines how the construction of Waititi's latest film might engender complex, nuanced responses from audiences.

year: 2010