title: He tangi mai i te puehu: He whakatewhatewha i te mahi whakamāori me te reo ā-tuhi a ngā tūpuna

authors: Apiata, Hāwea

subjects: Māori spirituality

abstract: Kei te pūtahi o tēnei tuhinga whakapae ko te whakatewhatewha i te whakapapa o te whakaaro Māori (Māori intellectual history) mā ēnei pātai e rua: He aha ā te Māori i tuhituhi ai i te tōmuatanga o te rautau rua tekau? Ā, he pēhea tāna wetewete i ngā huatau whakawairua nō waho i te ao Māori? 

Ina koa, ko tā te tuhinga whakapae nei he whakaaranga, he whakaatu hoki i ētahi huarahi e toru hei rangahau i ngā whakapapa o te whakaaro taketake: ko te ketuketu rua mahara (archival research); ko te tātari ariā (conceptual analysis); me te reo e whakamahia ana kia wetewete i te kaupapa. Mā te mahi ketuketu rua mahara e āhei ai ki te wānanga i ngā whakaputanga a Wiremu Takana, he kaituhi, he kaiwhakamāori nō Ngāti Kahungunu. Ka whakaputaina tāna tuhinga tuatahi i te tau 1915. Ā, e rua anō i whakaputaina e ia i te tau whai muri mai i 1916. Ko ēnei tuhinga āna e whakatewhatewha ana i te whakamāoritanga o te rongopai me te āheinga o ngā pūrākau Māori kia whakamārama i ngā whakaakoranga Moromona. Kāore anō kia āta tātaritia, kia āta rangahaua āna pukapuka e tētahi atu o mua. Ko te huarahi rangahau tuarua ko te tātari i te whakamāoritanga o ētahi ariā whakawairua e kitea ana i roto i ngā karaipiture o te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti o te Hunga Tapu o ngā Rā o Muri nei. E toru ngā ariā kua tīpakongia hei tirotiro, arā, ko heaven, hell me baptism. Ā, hei whakawhānui atu i te titiro ki tēnei kaupapa, ka huritaongia ngā hua o te tuhinga reo Māori, arā, ka matapakina ngā take kia tuhituhi i te mahi rangahau i roto i te reo Māori.

I te mutunga iho, mā te āta wānanga i ngā whakaputanga reo Māori a te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti (LDS) e whakawhānuitia ai tō tātou māramatanga ki te hītori o te mahi whakaputa pukapuka i roto i te Hāhi, te mahi punenga a te Māori, te whakareretanga o ngā tuhituhinga reo Māori, me te hītori o te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti i Aotearoa nei.

text: He tangi mai i te puehu: He whakatewhatewha i te mahi whakamāori me te reo ā-tuhi a ngā tūpuna Kei te pūtahi o tēnei tuhinga whakapae ko te whakatewhatewha i te whakapapa o te whakaaro Māori (Māori intellectual history) mā ēnei pātai e rua: He aha ā te Māori i tuhituhi ai i te tōmuatanga o te rautau rua tekau? Ā, he pēhea tāna wetewete i ngā huatau whakawairua nō waho i te ao Māori? 

Ina koa, ko tā te tuhinga whakapae nei he whakaaranga, he whakaatu hoki i ētahi huarahi e toru hei rangahau i ngā whakapapa o te whakaaro taketake: ko te ketuketu rua mahara (archival research); ko te tātari ariā (conceptual analysis); me te reo e whakamahia ana kia wetewete i te kaupapa. Mā te mahi ketuketu rua mahara e āhei ai ki te wānanga i ngā whakaputanga a Wiremu Takana, he kaituhi, he kaiwhakamāori nō Ngāti Kahungunu. Ka whakaputaina tāna tuhinga tuatahi i te tau 1915. Ā, e rua anō i whakaputaina e ia i te tau whai muri mai i 1916. Ko ēnei tuhinga āna e whakatewhatewha ana i te whakamāoritanga o te rongopai me te āheinga o ngā pūrākau Māori kia whakamārama i ngā whakaakoranga Moromona. Kāore anō kia āta tātaritia, kia āta rangahaua āna pukapuka e tētahi atu o mua. Ko te huarahi rangahau tuarua ko te tātari i te whakamāoritanga o ētahi ariā whakawairua e kitea ana i roto i ngā karaipiture o te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti o te Hunga Tapu o ngā Rā o Muri nei. E toru ngā ariā kua tīpakongia hei tirotiro, arā, ko heaven, hell me baptism. Ā, hei whakawhānui atu i te titiro ki tēnei kaupapa, ka huritaongia ngā hua o te tuhinga reo Māori, arā, ka matapakina ngā take kia tuhituhi i te mahi rangahau i roto i te reo Māori.

I te mutunga iho, mā te āta wānanga i ngā whakaputanga reo Māori a te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti (LDS) e whakawhānuitia ai tō tātou māramatanga ki te hītori o te mahi whakaputa pukapuka i roto i te Hāhi, te mahi punenga a te Māori, te whakareretanga o ngā tuhituhinga reo Māori, me te hītori o te Hāhi o Ihu Karaiti i Aotearoa nei.

year: 2021

title: Are we really colour-blind? The normalisation of mass female incarceration

authors: Norris, Adele N.

abstract: The sharp rise in female incarceration rates in both the United States and New Zealand has received increased attention. Even more pressing are the racial disparities among imprisoned females. This exploratory case study examines 13 peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2016 to understand the nature of colour-blind ideology in discussions of female imprisonment in New Zealand. Several themes emerged including the homogenisation of female prisoners. Apart from moderately linking vast racial disparities between incarcerated White women and Indigenous women to ill-defined colonial practices, contemporary explanations for the substantial racial disparities receive little attention. This article concludes that the absence of a critical lens toward contemporary forms and experiences of racism undergirding the mass criminalisation of Indigenous people perpetuates a colour blindness that in turn works to normalise mass female incarceration. Even in attempts to be unbiased, the way race/ethnicity, gender, age, and class are discussed in academic research exploring female incarceration seems to reflect the influential nature of controlling images rather than critique them.

text: Are we really colour-blind? The normalisation of mass female incarceration The sharp rise in female incarceration rates in both the United States and New Zealand has received increased attention. Even more pressing are the racial disparities among imprisoned females. This exploratory case study examines 13 peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2016 to understand the nature of colour-blind ideology in discussions of female imprisonment in New Zealand. Several themes emerged including the homogenisation of female prisoners. Apart from moderately linking vast racial disparities between incarcerated White women and Indigenous women to ill-defined colonial practices, contemporary explanations for the substantial racial disparities receive little attention. This article concludes that the absence of a critical lens toward contemporary forms and experiences of racism undergirding the mass criminalisation of Indigenous people perpetuates a colour blindness that in turn works to normalise mass female incarceration. Even in attempts to be unbiased, the way race/ethnicity, gender, age, and class are discussed in academic research exploring female incarceration seems to reflect the influential nature of controlling images rather than critique them.

year: 2017

title: Remote Sensing of Waikato Lakes

authors: Allan, Mathew Grant

abstract: This study explored and utilised existing remote sensing technology and algorithms to determine total suspended sediments (TSS) in lakes at a regional scale, producing a dataset quantifying spatial and temporal variability of remotely sensed TSS (including an experimental algorithm for chlorophyll a concentrations). The study processed Landsat 7 and 8 images from 1999 until the end of 2015. Statistical analysis included estimation of minimum, maximum, mean, range, and skewness of all Waikato lakes larger than 1 ha. The study demonstrated that the remote estimation of TSS within Waikato lakes is feasible and
provides TSS estimations within the ranges of measured in situ TSS concentrations within most of the Waikato lakes except a small number of lakes with higher than expected
estimated TSS concentrations (possible causes are identified including bottom reflection, and optical conditions not within the bounds of algorithm design). The study also demonstrated the ability of using remote sensing data to estimate and quantify variability of TSS over a large range of both within and between lakes. This spatial variation appeared to be driven by both geomorphic and abiotic factions, including turbid inflows and resuspension from the
lakebed. The derived dataset maybe helpful to elucidate a better understanding of water quality variability and ultimately better understand implications for lake management. It is recommended that detailed in situ data be captured at the time of satellite overpass to further
assess and improve the accuracy of the methods derived within the present study. The recent launch of Sentinel 2a (10 m resolution) will provide greater spatial and temporal coverage satellite imagery with a similar spectral resolution to Landsat 8 (30 m resolution) in the near future.

text: Remote Sensing of Waikato Lakes This study explored and utilised existing remote sensing technology and algorithms to determine total suspended sediments (TSS) in lakes at a regional scale, producing a dataset quantifying spatial and temporal variability of remotely sensed TSS (including an experimental algorithm for chlorophyll a concentrations). The study processed Landsat 7 and 8 images from 1999 until the end of 2015. Statistical analysis included estimation of minimum, maximum, mean, range, and skewness of all Waikato lakes larger than 1 ha. The study demonstrated that the remote estimation of TSS within Waikato lakes is feasible and
provides TSS estimations within the ranges of measured in situ TSS concentrations within most of the Waikato lakes except a small number of lakes with higher than expected
estimated TSS concentrations (possible causes are identified including bottom reflection, and optical conditions not within the bounds of algorithm design). The study also demonstrated the ability of using remote sensing data to estimate and quantify variability of TSS over a large range of both within and between lakes. This spatial variation appeared to be driven by both geomorphic and abiotic factions, including turbid inflows and resuspension from the
lakebed. The derived dataset maybe helpful to elucidate a better understanding of water quality variability and ultimately better understand implications for lake management. It is recommended that detailed in situ data be captured at the time of satellite overpass to further
assess and improve the accuracy of the methods derived within the present study. The recent launch of Sentinel 2a (10 m resolution) will provide greater spatial and temporal coverage satellite imagery with a similar spectral resolution to Landsat 8 (30 m resolution) in the near future.

year: 2016