title: µ-Charts and Z: Extending the translation

authors: Reeve, Greg

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper describes extensions and modifications to the µ-charts as given in earlier papers of Philipps and Scholz. The charts are extended to include a command language, integer-valued signals and local integer variables. The command language is based on the syntax presented in Scholz’ thesis and the integer-valued signals and local variables are based loosely on Scholz’ earlier work. After presenting the new semantics we turn to extending the µ-charts-to-Z translation that we developed in previous work. The extensions to the translation process describe both the changes due to the extensions to the µ-charts and a modification to the translation method to more fully capture the beneficial modularisation encouraged by the µ-charts formalism. We finish by giving three complete translation examples. The paper should be read as a record of our gradual development of a Z semantics for µ-charts–hence its sometimes exploratory character or laborious explanations as we come to terms (thinking out loud) with the (sometimes very subtle) meaning of µ-charts, especially with regard to pathological and unusual examples of their use.

text: µ-Charts and Z: Extending the translation This paper describes extensions and modifications to the µ-charts as given in earlier papers of Philipps and Scholz. The charts are extended to include a command language, integer-valued signals and local integer variables. The command language is based on the syntax presented in Scholz’ thesis and the integer-valued signals and local variables are based loosely on Scholz’ earlier work. After presenting the new semantics we turn to extending the µ-charts-to-Z translation that we developed in previous work. The extensions to the translation process describe both the changes due to the extensions to the µ-charts and a modification to the translation method to more fully capture the beneficial modularisation encouraged by the µ-charts formalism. We finish by giving three complete translation examples. The paper should be read as a record of our gradual development of a Z semantics for µ-charts–hence its sometimes exploratory character or laborious explanations as we come to terms (thinking out loud) with the (sometimes very subtle) meaning of µ-charts, especially with regard to pathological and unusual examples of their use.

year: 2000-08

title: Detection and distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii: Observations of medusae are not enough

authors: Duggan, Ian C.

subjects: Constructed waters

abstract: The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii, native to the Yangtze valley, has invaded lakes and ponds throughout the world. Most distribution records have to date been based on observations of the medusa (jellyfish) stage, including numerous recent publications. We aimed to determine whether polyps are widespread in lakes, and geographical areas, outside of where medusae have been observed, and whether constructed waters are more easily invaded than natural waters. Our results show that C. sowerbii is more common and widespread than is apparent from observations of medusae. We argue that observed occurrences of medusae provide little useful information regarding the distribution of this species, and that published records of new jellyfish occurrences provide unreliable estimates of the timing of introduction, establishment or spread of C. sowerbii in new regions. We found no evidence that constructed waters were more readily invaded than natural waters. Overall, accurate determination of Craspedacusta occurrence and distribution requires systematic surveys of the polyp stages.

text: Detection and distribution of Craspedacusta sowerbii: Observations of medusae are not enough The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii, native to the Yangtze valley, has invaded lakes and ponds throughout the world. Most distribution records have to date been based on observations of the medusa (jellyfish) stage, including numerous recent publications. We aimed to determine whether polyps are widespread in lakes, and geographical areas, outside of where medusae have been observed, and whether constructed waters are more easily invaded than natural waters. Our results show that C. sowerbii is more common and widespread than is apparent from observations of medusae. We argue that observed occurrences of medusae provide little useful information regarding the distribution of this species, and that published records of new jellyfish occurrences provide unreliable estimates of the timing of introduction, establishment or spread of C. sowerbii in new regions. We found no evidence that constructed waters were more readily invaded than natural waters. Overall, accurate determination of Craspedacusta occurrence and distribution requires systematic surveys of the polyp stages.

year: 2012

title: Early French views of the Waikato and its inhabitants (1840-54)

authors: Jennings, William

abstract: This paper will investigate how the cultural background of these Frenchmen informed their descriptions of Waikato Maori and the Waikato environment. It will use the newly-published ten-volume collected correspondence of the pioneer Marists in the Pacific,the Lettres refues d'Odanie, as its principal source.

text: Early French views of the Waikato and its inhabitants (1840-54) This paper will investigate how the cultural background of these Frenchmen informed their descriptions of Waikato Maori and the Waikato environment. It will use the newly-published ten-volume collected correspondence of the pioneer Marists in the Pacific,the Lettres refues d'Odanie, as its principal source.

year: 2011