title: Fatigue, work-rest cycles, and psychomotor performance of New Zealand truck drivers

authors: Charlton, Samuel G.

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The goal of the present research programme was to find out how common driver fatigue is among New Zealand truck drivers and the degree to which they suffer from fatigue-related effects on their driving performance. To that end, 606 truck drivers were tested at a variety of sites throughout the North Island of New Zealand. The results showed that a considerable number of drivers are operating in excess of the hours of service regulations. The three fatigue measures in our survey indicated that there are significant levels of fatigue in the New Zealand transport industry. One out of four of the drivers' self-ratings of fatigue were in the "tired" range, even though many of them were surveyed at the beginning of their shift. A psychomotor test also indicated a very high level of fatigue in the sample. Overall, 24% of the sample failed the psychomotor performance criteria. Amount of rest and sleep, shift length, and number of driving days per week were all significantly related to psychomotor performance. The results of the daytime sleepiness inventory showed that the drivers in our sample had somewhat higher levels of daytime sleepiness than do heavy goods vehicle drivers in Great Britain. There was significant correspondence between drivers' self-ratings, psychomotor performance, and daytime sleepiness fatigue measures.

text: Fatigue, work-rest cycles, and psychomotor performance of New Zealand truck drivers The goal of the present research programme was to find out how common driver fatigue is among New Zealand truck drivers and the degree to which they suffer from fatigue-related effects on their driving performance. To that end, 606 truck drivers were tested at a variety of sites throughout the North Island of New Zealand. The results showed that a considerable number of drivers are operating in excess of the hours of service regulations. The three fatigue measures in our survey indicated that there are significant levels of fatigue in the New Zealand transport industry. One out of four of the drivers' self-ratings of fatigue were in the "tired" range, even though many of them were surveyed at the beginning of their shift. A psychomotor test also indicated a very high level of fatigue in the sample. Overall, 24% of the sample failed the psychomotor performance criteria. Amount of rest and sleep, shift length, and number of driving days per week were all significantly related to psychomotor performance. The results of the daytime sleepiness inventory showed that the drivers in our sample had somewhat higher levels of daytime sleepiness than do heavy goods vehicle drivers in Great Britain. There was significant correspondence between drivers' self-ratings, psychomotor performance, and daytime sleepiness fatigue measures.

year: 2006

title: Alum dosing at Waitangi Soda Springs – bioavailability of aluminium in 2016

authors: Ling, Nicholas

abstract: Continuous alum dosing of the Waitangi Soda Springs at Lake Rotoehu commenced in 2010 to reduce inflows of dissolved reactive phosphorus to Lake Rotoehu. Analyses of bioaccumulation in the tissues of kōura and goldfish from Lake Rotoehu were undertaken on animals collected in November 2016 for comparison with data from previous years and control locations to determine the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of aluminium to satisfy annual resource consent conditions 11.7 and 11.8 of resource consent 65966. Lake Rotoehu goldfish showed slightly elevated aluminium concentrations in the gills indicating enhanced exposure to aluminium as a result of alum discharge from the Waitangi Soda Springs but no evidence of significant bioaccumulation in internal tissues.

text: Alum dosing at Waitangi Soda Springs – bioavailability of aluminium in 2016 Continuous alum dosing of the Waitangi Soda Springs at Lake Rotoehu commenced in 2010 to reduce inflows of dissolved reactive phosphorus to Lake Rotoehu. Analyses of bioaccumulation in the tissues of kōura and goldfish from Lake Rotoehu were undertaken on animals collected in November 2016 for comparison with data from previous years and control locations to determine the bioavailability and bioaccumulation of aluminium to satisfy annual resource consent conditions 11.7 and 11.8 of resource consent 65966. Lake Rotoehu goldfish showed slightly elevated aluminium concentrations in the gills indicating enhanced exposure to aluminium as a result of alum discharge from the Waitangi Soda Springs but no evidence of significant bioaccumulation in internal tissues.

year: 2017

title: Māori child rearing and infant sleep practices

authors: Jones, Horiana Majorie

abstract: Sleep is important to a healthy lifestyle for parents and children, and having effective ways of putting a child to sleep contributes significantly to mental and physical wellbeing. Cultural groups around the world have developed a variety of approaches to this task, for example, rocking, co-sleeping, bed-sharing, breastfeeding to sleep, and encouraging infants to self soothe through various methods of infant sleep training. In New Zealand the continuation of traditional Māori approaches to infant sleep, e.g. co-sleeping, bed-sharing, responsivity to infant cues have been over-shadowed by its negative association with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and dependence on parent interaction when initiating infant sleep. In this study, we were interested in the approaches Māori parents used to put their pēpi (child, 2 months-2 years of age) to sleep and the various factors that have influenced these approaches. Data were collected through online surveys (n =58) and face-to-face interviews (n =10) with Māori parents. Survey results indicated that being held and breast or bottle fed to sleep were the most practiced techniques by Māori parents. Parent assisted approaches, e.g., rocking, feeding, lying with baby until they go to sleep, were the most practiced. Many parents planned for their babies to sleep separately but very few actually persisted with self-soothing approaches due to a number of factors, such as discomfort with listening to their babies cry, culture, whānau (extended families) influences safety, and convenience. The majority of participants expressed a desire for separate sleep; however, few within the interview group actually successfully practiced separate sleep regularly.

text: Māori child rearing and infant sleep practices Sleep is important to a healthy lifestyle for parents and children, and having effective ways of putting a child to sleep contributes significantly to mental and physical wellbeing. Cultural groups around the world have developed a variety of approaches to this task, for example, rocking, co-sleeping, bed-sharing, breastfeeding to sleep, and encouraging infants to self soothe through various methods of infant sleep training. In New Zealand the continuation of traditional Māori approaches to infant sleep, e.g. co-sleeping, bed-sharing, responsivity to infant cues have been over-shadowed by its negative association with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and dependence on parent interaction when initiating infant sleep. In this study, we were interested in the approaches Māori parents used to put their pēpi (child, 2 months-2 years of age) to sleep and the various factors that have influenced these approaches. Data were collected through online surveys (n =58) and face-to-face interviews (n =10) with Māori parents. Survey results indicated that being held and breast or bottle fed to sleep were the most practiced techniques by Māori parents. Parent assisted approaches, e.g., rocking, feeding, lying with baby until they go to sleep, were the most practiced. Many parents planned for their babies to sleep separately but very few actually persisted with self-soothing approaches due to a number of factors, such as discomfort with listening to their babies cry, culture, whānau (extended families) influences safety, and convenience. The majority of participants expressed a desire for separate sleep; however, few within the interview group actually successfully practiced separate sleep regularly.

year: 2017