title: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Selected Local Labour Market Outcomes in New Zealand

authors: Cochrane, William

abstract: This thesis analyses several aspects of local labour market performance in New Zealand. Each of these aspects represents a different feature of the local labour market that together aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local labour markets respond to local or external shocks, taking spatial dependencies into account. The first aspect considered is the change in regional employment outcomes in New Zealand from the 1980’s to 2006. This is examined using shiftshare techniques supplemented by exploratory spatial data analysis. The analysis finds that in general, region specific factors were more important than industry structure in explaining total employment change in a region and that productivity and/or demand shocks spill over between regions. The relationship between homeownership and unemployment is the second aspect considered. Particularly, Oswald has argued that disparities in unemployment rates maybe attributable to differences in homeownership rates, higher homeownership rates being associated with higher unemployment rates. Using spatial panel models this claim is supported in the New Zealand context. The spatial estimation strategy adopted yields parameter estimates significantly lower than the standard fixed effects model. This indicates that in the non-spatial models some of the variation in regional unemployment rates has been incorrectly attributed to the explanatory variables rather than to the presence of some spatial spillover effects of unemployment across regions. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the extent to which the spatial-temporal variation in local labour market outcomes and social security benefit uptake can be linked to the composition of the local labour force. This is investigated using spatial seemingly unrelated regression. The results indicate that three factors in particular matter in the determination of labour market participation and social security benefit uptake: the age structure of the population, the past performance of the regional labour market and the proportion of solo parents. Lastly a simultaneous equations growth model of real income, population, land rent and public infrastructure investment is developed that allows the impact of local authority infrastructure spending in New Zealand to be assessed for the 1996-2006 period. The results of the estimation of this system of equations, using a spatial three stage least squares (3SLS) procedure, show that an increase in local infrastructure spending increases population growth, real income and land values, but is itself endogenous and spatially correlated.

text: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Selected Local Labour Market Outcomes in New Zealand This thesis analyses several aspects of local labour market performance in New Zealand. Each of these aspects represents a different feature of the local labour market that together aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local labour markets respond to local or external shocks, taking spatial dependencies into account. The first aspect considered is the change in regional employment outcomes in New Zealand from the 1980’s to 2006. This is examined using shiftshare techniques supplemented by exploratory spatial data analysis. The analysis finds that in general, region specific factors were more important than industry structure in explaining total employment change in a region and that productivity and/or demand shocks spill over between regions. The relationship between homeownership and unemployment is the second aspect considered. Particularly, Oswald has argued that disparities in unemployment rates maybe attributable to differences in homeownership rates, higher homeownership rates being associated with higher unemployment rates. Using spatial panel models this claim is supported in the New Zealand context. The spatial estimation strategy adopted yields parameter estimates significantly lower than the standard fixed effects model. This indicates that in the non-spatial models some of the variation in regional unemployment rates has been incorrectly attributed to the explanatory variables rather than to the presence of some spatial spillover effects of unemployment across regions. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the extent to which the spatial-temporal variation in local labour market outcomes and social security benefit uptake can be linked to the composition of the local labour force. This is investigated using spatial seemingly unrelated regression. The results indicate that three factors in particular matter in the determination of labour market participation and social security benefit uptake: the age structure of the population, the past performance of the regional labour market and the proportion of solo parents. Lastly a simultaneous equations growth model of real income, population, land rent and public infrastructure investment is developed that allows the impact of local authority infrastructure spending in New Zealand to be assessed for the 1996-2006 period. The results of the estimation of this system of equations, using a spatial three stage least squares (3SLS) procedure, show that an increase in local infrastructure spending increases population growth, real income and land values, but is itself endogenous and spatially correlated.

year: 2011

title: The response of a floating ice sheet to an accelerating line load

authors: Miles, J.

abstract: The two-dimensional response of a thin, floating sheet of ice to a line load that accelerates from rest at $t = 0$ to a uniform velocity V for $t \geq T$ is determined through an integral-transform solution of the linearized equations of motion. If $T = 0$ – i.e. if the load is impulsively started with velocity V – the solution exhibits singularities at $V = c_0$, the shallow-water-gravity-wave speed, and $V = c_{\min}$, the minimum speed for transverse motion of the ice, but these singularities are avoided by the acceleration of the load through the critical speeds.

text: The response of a floating ice sheet to an accelerating line load The two-dimensional response of a thin, floating sheet of ice to a line load that accelerates from rest at $t = 0$ to a uniform velocity V for $t \geq T$ is determined through an integral-transform solution of the linearized equations of motion. If $T = 0$ – i.e. if the load is impulsively started with velocity V – the solution exhibits singularities at $V = c_0$, the shallow-water-gravity-wave speed, and $V = c_{\min}$, the minimum speed for transverse motion of the ice, but these singularities are avoided by the acceleration of the load through the critical speeds.

year: 2003

title: A proposed hauora Māori clinical guide for psychologists: Using the hui process and meihana model in clinical assessment and formulation

authors: Pitama, Suzanne G.

subjects: Māori

abstract: This paper documents a joint initiative of clinical practice educators from four tertiary institutions and their engagement in the design and development of a proposed Hauora Māori Clinical Guide for Psychologists, which outlines how to apply the Hui Process and Meihana Model to applied psychology. It describes the ability for this proposed Hauora Maori Clinical Guide for Psychologists to assist clinicians, professional psychology training programmes and institutions in meeting the expectations of the Health Practitioners Act and The New Zealand Psychologists Board’s (NZPB) Standards and Procedures document. It presents how this proposed guide can support the implementation of clinical and cultural competence and the Code of Ethics for Psychologists Working in New Zealand. It also provides an opportunity for the psychology profession to demonstrate responsivity to Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations.

text: A proposed hauora Māori clinical guide for psychologists: Using the hui process and meihana model in clinical assessment and formulation This paper documents a joint initiative of clinical practice educators from four tertiary institutions and their engagement in the design and development of a proposed Hauora Māori Clinical Guide for Psychologists, which outlines how to apply the Hui Process and Meihana Model to applied psychology. It describes the ability for this proposed Hauora Maori Clinical Guide for Psychologists to assist clinicians, professional psychology training programmes and institutions in meeting the expectations of the Health Practitioners Act and The New Zealand Psychologists Board’s (NZPB) Standards and Procedures document. It presents how this proposed guide can support the implementation of clinical and cultural competence and the Code of Ethics for Psychologists Working in New Zealand. It also provides an opportunity for the psychology profession to demonstrate responsivity to Te Tiriti o Waitangi obligations.

year: 2017