title: Electric Vehicles in New Zealand - Policy, Regulation and Technical Standards for Emerging Vehicle Technology

authors: Schafer, Mark Gerald

subjects: Electric

abstract: The need for a technical standard for the conversion of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles to electric drive has been identified by government regulators in New Zealand (NZ). The aim of this project was to review the technical and inspection requirements that would allow Electric Vehicle (EV) conversions of passenger vehicles of gross weight < 3500 kg (Class MA), to be safely designed, built, sold, and operated in NZ. A detailed description of the spectrum of EV technology is given. A literature review of NZ and international transport regulations and technical standards has shown many requirements affecting EVs. A risk analysis showed that most EV technological risks related to electrical, battery and braking safety are controlled by implementing a reduction in risk event likelihood, rather than a reduction in risk event severity. This indicates that risk controls need to be reliable in order to be effective. A detailed review of EV electrical systems, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery systems and regenerative braking technology is also carried out. With the use of battery chemistries and designs which minimise the risk of failures, coupled with adequate safeguards in the form of redundant protection and well designed component management systems, EV converters can achieve safe and high performance conversions.

text: Electric Vehicles in New Zealand - Policy, Regulation and Technical Standards for Emerging Vehicle Technology The need for a technical standard for the conversion of Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) vehicles to electric drive has been identified by government regulators in New Zealand (NZ). The aim of this project was to review the technical and inspection requirements that would allow Electric Vehicle (EV) conversions of passenger vehicles of gross weight < 3500 kg (Class MA), to be safely designed, built, sold, and operated in NZ. A detailed description of the spectrum of EV technology is given. A literature review of NZ and international transport regulations and technical standards has shown many requirements affecting EVs. A risk analysis showed that most EV technological risks related to electrical, battery and braking safety are controlled by implementing a reduction in risk event likelihood, rather than a reduction in risk event severity. This indicates that risk controls need to be reliable in order to be effective. A detailed review of EV electrical systems, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) battery systems and regenerative braking technology is also carried out. With the use of battery chemistries and designs which minimise the risk of failures, coupled with adequate safeguards in the form of redundant protection and well designed component management systems, EV converters can achieve safe and high performance conversions.

year: 2011

title: To send or not to send nudes: New Zealand girls critically discuss the contradictory gendered pressures of teenage sexting

authors: Thorburn, Brandee

abstract: Drawing on principles of participatory action research, we conducted workshop interviews with New Zealand secondary school girls about the dynamics of sexting between girls and boys. We worked with seven small groups of girls (28 in total) aged 16 and 17 (each participating in a series of three workshops). Talk about the pressures associated with sexting was a key theme in the discussions. Girls identified pressures both to send nudes and to not send nudes. They described these pressures as operating on interpersonal as well as wider sociocultural levels, marked by the complicated intersection of traditional discourses of heterosexuality with permissive and postfeminist discourses of empowered female sexuality. The dynamic participatory methodology we used allowed us to move beyond simply capturing a snapshot of the gendered dynamics of pressure. It provided a space in which girls also shared reflexive critical observations of the gendered inequalities associated with this practice.

text: To send or not to send nudes: New Zealand girls critically discuss the contradictory gendered pressures of teenage sexting Drawing on principles of participatory action research, we conducted workshop interviews with New Zealand secondary school girls about the dynamics of sexting between girls and boys. We worked with seven small groups of girls (28 in total) aged 16 and 17 (each participating in a series of three workshops). Talk about the pressures associated with sexting was a key theme in the discussions. Girls identified pressures both to send nudes and to not send nudes. They described these pressures as operating on interpersonal as well as wider sociocultural levels, marked by the complicated intersection of traditional discourses of heterosexuality with permissive and postfeminist discourses of empowered female sexuality. The dynamic participatory methodology we used allowed us to move beyond simply capturing a snapshot of the gendered dynamics of pressure. It provided a space in which girls also shared reflexive critical observations of the gendered inequalities associated with this practice.

year: 2021

title: Inter-propositional semantic relations and semantic relational encoding in written discourse in Maori: an investigation

authors: Houia, Waldo

subjects: Maori

abstract: This thesis is an investigation of the various ways in which relationships of meaning between propositions (such as reason-result and temporal overlap) are encoded (as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences) and signalled in Maori.
In Chapter 1, the overall research topic and research questions are outlined.
Chapter 2 locates the research on inter-propositional semantic relations with reference to the concept of cohesion which is central to inter-propositional relational signalling and encoding. Here, reference is made to a number of relevant publications in the area.
Chapter 3 provides an introductory examination of the role of cohesion in the encoding and signalling of inter-propositional semantic relations in Maori.
Chapter 4 introduces a corpus of written texts and examines that corpus in terms of the ways in which inter-propositional semantic relations are encoded.
Chapter 5 examines a number of textbooks designed for learners of both English and Maori in terms of the extent to which they draw upon insights relating to the operation of inter-propositional semantic relations.
In Chapter 6, the research findings are summarised and their implications for aspects of the teaching and learning of Maori are discussed. In addition, suggestions are made in relation to future research possibilities.
Overall, the conclusion reached is that the study of semantic relational encoding and signalling in Maori texts reveals a number of aspects of language that appear not to be commonly taught and suggests the need for further studies of this type.

text: Inter-propositional semantic relations and semantic relational encoding in written discourse in Maori: an investigation This thesis is an investigation of the various ways in which relationships of meaning between propositions (such as reason-result and temporal overlap) are encoded (as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences) and signalled in Maori.
In Chapter 1, the overall research topic and research questions are outlined.
Chapter 2 locates the research on inter-propositional semantic relations with reference to the concept of cohesion which is central to inter-propositional relational signalling and encoding. Here, reference is made to a number of relevant publications in the area.
Chapter 3 provides an introductory examination of the role of cohesion in the encoding and signalling of inter-propositional semantic relations in Maori.
Chapter 4 introduces a corpus of written texts and examines that corpus in terms of the ways in which inter-propositional semantic relations are encoded.
Chapter 5 examines a number of textbooks designed for learners of both English and Maori in terms of the extent to which they draw upon insights relating to the operation of inter-propositional semantic relations.
In Chapter 6, the research findings are summarised and their implications for aspects of the teaching and learning of Maori are discussed. In addition, suggestions are made in relation to future research possibilities.
Overall, the conclusion reached is that the study of semantic relational encoding and signalling in Maori texts reveals a number of aspects of language that appear not to be commonly taught and suggests the need for further studies of this type.

year: 2001