title: Vicarious Traumatization in the Workplace: A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Social Support

authors: Whitton, Melissa

subjects: Vicarious Traumatization

abstract: Healthy employees have been linked with decreased absenteeism, lower turnover, less accidents in the workplace, higher employee engagement and commitment, and greater employee resilience. However, there are many occupational hazards which can compromise the health of employees, leading to negative consequences for organisations and service users. Helping professionals are often exposed to indirect trauma through working with traumatised individuals. This puts them at risk of developing Vicarious Traumatisation, which can result in disruptions to schemas, depletion, symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance, negative changes to cognition and mood, poor concentration, flashbacks and dreams, and intrusive thoughts or memories associated to the trauma of another. A professional will react differently in response to Vicarious Traumatic Exposure due to intrinsic features of the individual and multiple characteristics of the work being done. Therefore, whether Vicarious Traumatisation occurs depends on an interplay between both internal and external influences. The present study examined the impact of social support on the outcome of Vicarious Traumatisation by running a meta-analysis on 21 studies which analysed this relationship. Results showed that the overall effect size suggested a significant, yet small negative relationship between social support and the negative outcomes of Vicarious Traumatic Exposure. However, due to the I-squared value being so large, the significance of this relationship is questionable. Therefore, further analysis needs to occur to examine where this dispersion is occurring, either through moderator or subgroup analysis.

text: Vicarious Traumatization in the Workplace: A Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Social Support Healthy employees have been linked with decreased absenteeism, lower turnover, less accidents in the workplace, higher employee engagement and commitment, and greater employee resilience. However, there are many occupational hazards which can compromise the health of employees, leading to negative consequences for organisations and service users. Helping professionals are often exposed to indirect trauma through working with traumatised individuals. This puts them at risk of developing Vicarious Traumatisation, which can result in disruptions to schemas, depletion, symptoms of hyperarousal, avoidance, negative changes to cognition and mood, poor concentration, flashbacks and dreams, and intrusive thoughts or memories associated to the trauma of another. A professional will react differently in response to Vicarious Traumatic Exposure due to intrinsic features of the individual and multiple characteristics of the work being done. Therefore, whether Vicarious Traumatisation occurs depends on an interplay between both internal and external influences. The present study examined the impact of social support on the outcome of Vicarious Traumatisation by running a meta-analysis on 21 studies which analysed this relationship. Results showed that the overall effect size suggested a significant, yet small negative relationship between social support and the negative outcomes of Vicarious Traumatic Exposure. However, due to the I-squared value being so large, the significance of this relationship is questionable. Therefore, further analysis needs to occur to examine where this dispersion is occurring, either through moderator or subgroup analysis.

year: 2018

title: Learning in later life: Benefits and challenges for volunteers and agencies

authors: Findsen, Brian

subjects: age

abstract: This article explores the relationship between learning for older adults and volunteerism. It discusses how volunteerism among older adults may enhance their learning and the kinds of benefits and challenges they encounter in their work for employing authorities. Usually, this co-operative arrangement is based on a premise of a “win-win” situation in which the volunteer builds up further knowledge and skills at the same time as the goals of the agency are fulfilled. Yet there are opportunities and constraints which operate in dynamic workplaces wherein the role of volunteer can be marginalised. The article analyses some factors which function as enhancers or limitations for older volunteers in their work and learning.

text: Learning in later life: Benefits and challenges for volunteers and agencies This article explores the relationship between learning for older adults and volunteerism. It discusses how volunteerism among older adults may enhance their learning and the kinds of benefits and challenges they encounter in their work for employing authorities. Usually, this co-operative arrangement is based on a premise of a “win-win” situation in which the volunteer builds up further knowledge and skills at the same time as the goals of the agency are fulfilled. Yet there are opportunities and constraints which operate in dynamic workplaces wherein the role of volunteer can be marginalised. The article analyses some factors which function as enhancers or limitations for older volunteers in their work and learning.

year: 2016

title: Kaitiakitanga: protecting New Zealand's native biodiversity

authors: Morad, Munir

subjects: geography

abstract: Species diversity is a very important component of a healthy ecosystem, and a necessary condition for long-term sustainable development. However, it is widely recognised that species extinction is on the increase in New Zealand, as biological diversity comes under pressure from landuse activity and environmental change.

text: Kaitiakitanga: protecting New Zealand's native biodiversity Species diversity is a very important component of a healthy ecosystem, and a necessary condition for long-term sustainable development. However, it is widely recognised that species extinction is on the increase in New Zealand, as biological diversity comes under pressure from landuse activity and environmental change.

year: 2000