title: Management of the University of Waikato campus lakes: Final report

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: water quality

abstract: There are three small shallow lakes on the University of Waikato campus, and all have high nutrient loadings, creating ideal conditions for plant algal growth.  These lakes were created by excavation during construction of the university for the purposes of stormwater detention.  Water quality in the lakes has been a matter of concern to the University of Waikato Site Committee for a number of years, and the concern intensifies in late 2000 with the commissioning of the WEL Energy Academy of Performing Arts, which was built with a view over Knighton Lake.

text: Management of the University of Waikato campus lakes: Final report There are three small shallow lakes on the University of Waikato campus, and all have high nutrient loadings, creating ideal conditions for plant algal growth.  These lakes were created by excavation during construction of the university for the purposes of stormwater detention.  Water quality in the lakes has been a matter of concern to the University of Waikato Site Committee for a number of years, and the concern intensifies in late 2000 with the commissioning of the WEL Energy Academy of Performing Arts, which was built with a view over Knighton Lake.

year: 2002-11

title: The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans

authors: Frankish, Rosanna P.J.

subjects: Delay Discounting

abstract: The current study used the stimulant model, caffeine, to assess the effects of stimulant deprivation on impulsivity in humans. Previous research has found substance abusers express greater preference for immediate outcomes and this effect is increased with deprivation from the substance. A delay discounting method was used to examine the effects of stimulant deprivation on caffeine-dependents and non-dependents. Experiment 1 looked at the effects of 12 hour's abstinence from caffeine on High and Low caffeine consumers' decision making, using a pen-and-paper delay discounting method. Experiment 1 produced area under the curve values which showed the largest effect in the Low caffeine consumers, Low caffeine consumers increased discounting when under the influence of caffeine. Experiment 2 used a well supported computer-based, hypothetical monetary, delay discounting task in hope of generating a magnitude effect. Experiment 2 was used to determine the task mode in Experiment 1 was not responsible for the unexpected pattern of results. A magnitude effect was found between the $1000 and $10,000 tasks in the delay discounting procedure. Experiment 3 used the established computer-based, hypothetical monetary amounts, delay discounting task from Experiment 2 to assess the effects of 24 hours abstinence from caffeine in High and Low caffeine consumers. The k values revealed a significant increase in discounting when participants were caffeine deprived for all groups except the High caffeine group in the $10,000 condition. These mixed results were discussed in terms of weaknesses revealed about the common mathematical measures used to analyse delay discounting data. Most importantly, the practice regularly employed by delay discounting researchers to exclude data which does not conform to discounting functions. The exponential, hyperbolic, extended hyperbolic models and the area under the curve measure were compared. The area under the curve was found to be the only measure to not exclude data, and sub-sequentially was preferred. Further research is required to establish if the area under the curve behaved in similar ways to other measures of discounting data as correlations in this study are not clear.

text: The Effect of Caffeine Deprivation on Decisions about Future Events in Humans The current study used the stimulant model, caffeine, to assess the effects of stimulant deprivation on impulsivity in humans. Previous research has found substance abusers express greater preference for immediate outcomes and this effect is increased with deprivation from the substance. A delay discounting method was used to examine the effects of stimulant deprivation on caffeine-dependents and non-dependents. Experiment 1 looked at the effects of 12 hour's abstinence from caffeine on High and Low caffeine consumers' decision making, using a pen-and-paper delay discounting method. Experiment 1 produced area under the curve values which showed the largest effect in the Low caffeine consumers, Low caffeine consumers increased discounting when under the influence of caffeine. Experiment 2 used a well supported computer-based, hypothetical monetary, delay discounting task in hope of generating a magnitude effect. Experiment 2 was used to determine the task mode in Experiment 1 was not responsible for the unexpected pattern of results. A magnitude effect was found between the $1000 and $10,000 tasks in the delay discounting procedure. Experiment 3 used the established computer-based, hypothetical monetary amounts, delay discounting task from Experiment 2 to assess the effects of 24 hours abstinence from caffeine in High and Low caffeine consumers. The k values revealed a significant increase in discounting when participants were caffeine deprived for all groups except the High caffeine group in the $10,000 condition. These mixed results were discussed in terms of weaknesses revealed about the common mathematical measures used to analyse delay discounting data. Most importantly, the practice regularly employed by delay discounting researchers to exclude data which does not conform to discounting functions. The exponential, hyperbolic, extended hyperbolic models and the area under the curve measure were compared. The area under the curve was found to be the only measure to not exclude data, and sub-sequentially was preferred. Further research is required to establish if the area under the curve behaved in similar ways to other measures of discounting data as correlations in this study are not clear.

year: 2011

title: Te Poho o Te Arawa: Te Mana Whenua o Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū

authors: Potaka, Ngahu

subjects: Ngāti Whakaue

abstract: Maketū is a small coastal town in the Bay of Plenty and is the final resting place of the Te Arawa canoe, the ancestral waka of the Te Arawa people. This is the home of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū a coastal hapū of the tribe Ngāti Whakaue from the Te Arawa confederation of tribes. Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū is actually a collection of smaller hapū who descend from the union of their ancestor Whakaue Kaipapa and his wife Rangiuru, and they trace their overall decent from the celebrated chief Tama te Kapua. It is on their ancestral land in Maketū that Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū have resided and established their mana whenua (tribal authority) for over 170 years. In that time they have faced many internal and external challenges to their mana whenua including military engagement, political maneuvering, and other social issues.

This thesis traces the historical origins and mana whenua of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū and analyses the various key components that combine to ensure Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū maintain mana whenua across their tribal lands. This thesis also explores how mana whenua is a vehicle for maintaining tribal authority and well being for Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū. Part of this study is the creation of a mana whenua strategic plan that will help Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū maintain and secure mana whenua in Maketū for future generations.

It is the proposition of this thesis that mana whenua has, is and will always play an important part in the social identity and fabric of Ngati Whakaue ki Maketū. However as Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū stand at the dawn of a new era, it is important for this related group to understand how mana whenua operates, and can be nurtured as a means of protection to ensure the survival of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū in this ever changing world.

text: Te Poho o Te Arawa: Te Mana Whenua o Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū Maketū is a small coastal town in the Bay of Plenty and is the final resting place of the Te Arawa canoe, the ancestral waka of the Te Arawa people. This is the home of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū a coastal hapū of the tribe Ngāti Whakaue from the Te Arawa confederation of tribes. Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū is actually a collection of smaller hapū who descend from the union of their ancestor Whakaue Kaipapa and his wife Rangiuru, and they trace their overall decent from the celebrated chief Tama te Kapua. It is on their ancestral land in Maketū that Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū have resided and established their mana whenua (tribal authority) for over 170 years. In that time they have faced many internal and external challenges to their mana whenua including military engagement, political maneuvering, and other social issues.

This thesis traces the historical origins and mana whenua of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū and analyses the various key components that combine to ensure Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū maintain mana whenua across their tribal lands. This thesis also explores how mana whenua is a vehicle for maintaining tribal authority and well being for Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū. Part of this study is the creation of a mana whenua strategic plan that will help Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū maintain and secure mana whenua in Maketū for future generations.

It is the proposition of this thesis that mana whenua has, is and will always play an important part in the social identity and fabric of Ngati Whakaue ki Maketū. However as Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū stand at the dawn of a new era, it is important for this related group to understand how mana whenua operates, and can be nurtured as a means of protection to ensure the survival of Ngāti Whakaue ki Maketū in this ever changing world.

year: 2014