title: “That Brave Egotist”, Martius the anxious and ideological masculinity of 'Coriolanus'

authors: McGall, Fiadh

subjects: shakespeare

abstract: This thesis explores the societal implementation of masculinity in relation to William Shakespeare’s play Coriolanus and its 2011 film adaptation directed by Ralph Fiennes. Through both texts, we see a society where masculinity holds a deep-rooted ideological position that rules and dictates the comings and goings of the worlds. The thesis unpacks this ideology, exploring how it is considered masculine to hold the hegemonic position and how it is similarly considered masculine to conform to the currently celebrated expression of masculinity. Through this, the thesis explores the arbitrariness of masculinity and its underlying anxiousness. Chapters explore the play in a historical context and, through close inspection of Fiennes’ film, show the current relevance of debates around masculinity.

Simone de Beauvoir famously declares, "One is not born, but becomes a woman”. Likewise, the thesis shows that one is not born masculine but becomes masculine. Masculinity is a coherent system of appearances, speeches, and behaviours that people perform in order to be conferred with the coveted title and position of hegemon. Since people have different capabilities of achieving complete coherence and proximity to the mythological perfected form of masculinity, society becomes structured and ordered based on people’s ability to conform with masculinity. Those who can conform receive socioeconomic benefits based upon their position, and those who can’t become subordinated with a precarious socioeconomic position. Similarly, because of the apparent arbitrariness of this system, there is an underlying anxiousness to it. Some people, especially in the socially dominant positions, have an overwhelming fear of losing their positions founded upon their arbitrary dominance.
	
Despite its antiquity, being about 400 years old, the play maintains distinctly applicable to our world today. The thesis explores how, through the ongoing developments in our current world towards a more equitable society, the play has held an obvious clutch on people’s psyches. Whether it was in 1608 when the play was written, during New Zealand’s first production of the play in 1929, in 2011 during the release of Fiennes’ film, or today in (2024) when this thesis was submitted, the play remains inexplicably relevant and interesting to any foreseeable audience.

text: “That Brave Egotist”, Martius the anxious and ideological masculinity of 'Coriolanus' This thesis explores the societal implementation of masculinity in relation to William Shakespeare’s play Coriolanus and its 2011 film adaptation directed by Ralph Fiennes. Through both texts, we see a society where masculinity holds a deep-rooted ideological position that rules and dictates the comings and goings of the worlds. The thesis unpacks this ideology, exploring how it is considered masculine to hold the hegemonic position and how it is similarly considered masculine to conform to the currently celebrated expression of masculinity. Through this, the thesis explores the arbitrariness of masculinity and its underlying anxiousness. Chapters explore the play in a historical context and, through close inspection of Fiennes’ film, show the current relevance of debates around masculinity.

Simone de Beauvoir famously declares, "One is not born, but becomes a woman”. Likewise, the thesis shows that one is not born masculine but becomes masculine. Masculinity is a coherent system of appearances, speeches, and behaviours that people perform in order to be conferred with the coveted title and position of hegemon. Since people have different capabilities of achieving complete coherence and proximity to the mythological perfected form of masculinity, society becomes structured and ordered based on people’s ability to conform with masculinity. Those who can conform receive socioeconomic benefits based upon their position, and those who can’t become subordinated with a precarious socioeconomic position. Similarly, because of the apparent arbitrariness of this system, there is an underlying anxiousness to it. Some people, especially in the socially dominant positions, have an overwhelming fear of losing their positions founded upon their arbitrary dominance.
	
Despite its antiquity, being about 400 years old, the play maintains distinctly applicable to our world today. The thesis explores how, through the ongoing developments in our current world towards a more equitable society, the play has held an obvious clutch on people’s psyches. Whether it was in 1608 when the play was written, during New Zealand’s first production of the play in 1929, in 2011 during the release of Fiennes’ film, or today in (2024) when this thesis was submitted, the play remains inexplicably relevant and interesting to any foreseeable audience.

year: 2024-03-02

title: Soil crusting in Western Samoa. Part II - Experimental investigation of factors influencing crust formation

authors: Reynolds, S.G.

abstract: The Alafua Penetrometer was used to measure relative differences in soil crust strength. Crust strength and thickness were shown to increase with increases in rainfall amount, drying time, droplet size, kinetic energy and soil clay and silt content. The investigations were designed to illustrate some of the factors influencing crust formation to a diploma level soil conservation class.

text: Soil crusting in Western Samoa. Part II - Experimental investigation of factors influencing crust formation The Alafua Penetrometer was used to measure relative differences in soil crust strength. Crust strength and thickness were shown to increase with increases in rainfall amount, drying time, droplet size, kinetic energy and soil clay and silt content. The investigations were designed to illustrate some of the factors influencing crust formation to a diploma level soil conservation class.

year: 1971

title: He huringa āhuarangi, he huringa ao: A changing climate, a changing world

authors: Awatere, S

subjects: climate change adaptation

abstract: Iwi/hapū (tribe/subtribe) governance institutions are increasingly asserting their rangatiratanga (autonomy) to manage climate change risks and meet the well-being of whānau (family)/ hapū/iwi. Howevere, there is a shortange of specific guidance for whānau/hapū/iwi with respect to climate change adaptation and mitigation. We provide a commentary about risk and uncertainty, knowledge gaps, and options for climate change mitigation and adaptation for whānau/hapū/iwi.

text: He huringa āhuarangi, he huringa ao: A changing climate, a changing world Iwi/hapū (tribe/subtribe) governance institutions are increasingly asserting their rangatiratanga (autonomy) to manage climate change risks and meet the well-being of whānau (family)/ hapū/iwi. Howevere, there is a shortange of specific guidance for whānau/hapū/iwi with respect to climate change adaptation and mitigation. We provide a commentary about risk and uncertainty, knowledge gaps, and options for climate change mitigation and adaptation for whānau/hapū/iwi.

year: 2021-10