title: A new method for producing polylactic acid biocomposites for 3D printing with improved tensile and thermo-mechanical performance using grafted nanofibrillated cellulose

authors: Gauss, Christian

abstract: In this work, a new methodology was developed to disperse nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) in polylactic acid (PLA) composites for 3D printing. The nanofibres were modified by grafting PLA onto their surface through in-situ polymerisation of L-lactide. This modification changed subsequent fibre/PLA interaction and enabled the production of reinforced microparticles by a Pickering emulsion approach. We demonstrated that filaments produced with these microparticles containing up to 20 wt% of grafted CNF (g-CNF) can be processed and printed using the same printing parameters as used for neat PLA. The printed samples presented superior tensile properties, enhanced thermo-mechanical stability, and were dimensionally stable upon PLA crystallisation when g-CNF content is above 10 wt%. When heat-treated after printing the composite with 10 wt% of g-CNF achieved an ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of 72 MPa and 5.4 GPa, respectively. Post-printing annealing also increased thermo-mechanical stability of the composites achieving a storage modulus at 80 °C up to 850 times the storage modulus of neat PLA at the same temperature.

text: A new method for producing polylactic acid biocomposites for 3D printing with improved tensile and thermo-mechanical performance using grafted nanofibrillated cellulose In this work, a new methodology was developed to disperse nanofibrillated cellulose (CNF) in polylactic acid (PLA) composites for 3D printing. The nanofibres were modified by grafting PLA onto their surface through in-situ polymerisation of L-lactide. This modification changed subsequent fibre/PLA interaction and enabled the production of reinforced microparticles by a Pickering emulsion approach. We demonstrated that filaments produced with these microparticles containing up to 20 wt% of grafted CNF (g-CNF) can be processed and printed using the same printing parameters as used for neat PLA. The printed samples presented superior tensile properties, enhanced thermo-mechanical stability, and were dimensionally stable upon PLA crystallisation when g-CNF content is above 10 wt%. When heat-treated after printing the composite with 10 wt% of g-CNF achieved an ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of 72 MPa and 5.4 GPa, respectively. Post-printing annealing also increased thermo-mechanical stability of the composites achieving a storage modulus at 80 °C up to 850 times the storage modulus of neat PLA at the same temperature.

year: 2023-01-05

title: Australia’s discussion of kava imports reflects lack of cultural understanding

authors: Aporosa, S. 'Apo'

abstract: The Australian government is considering an increase in the amount of kava travellers can bring into the country. The consultation process includes a proposed pilot program to ease restrictions on kava importation for personal use from two to four kilograms per person. Many Australian residents, especially those with Pacific Island heritage, will welcome this, but the proposal is based on fundamentally flawed evidence.

text: Australia’s discussion of kava imports reflects lack of cultural understanding The Australian government is considering an increase in the amount of kava travellers can bring into the country. The consultation process includes a proposed pilot program to ease restrictions on kava importation for personal use from two to four kilograms per person. Many Australian residents, especially those with Pacific Island heritage, will welcome this, but the proposal is based on fundamentally flawed evidence.

year: 2019

title: Indigenous children and youth: The case of marae courts in Aotearoa/New Zealand

authors: Toki, Valmaine

abstract: Marae2-based Courts are an initiative of the Judiciary that builds on existing programmes for offenders such as Te Whanau Awhina, and informed by the Koori Courts in Australia.3 This is the first time that a New Zealand court has conducted criminal cases on a Marae within the jurisdiction of the Youth Court. Most offenders referred to the programme are Maori4 and the process incorporates Maori tikanga (Maori customs).

text: Indigenous children and youth: The case of marae courts in Aotearoa/New Zealand Marae2-based Courts are an initiative of the Judiciary that builds on existing programmes for offenders such as Te Whanau Awhina, and informed by the Koori Courts in Australia.3 This is the first time that a New Zealand court has conducted criminal cases on a Marae within the jurisdiction of the Youth Court. Most offenders referred to the programme are Maori4 and the process incorporates Maori tikanga (Maori customs).

year: 2014