title: Features of the process of change in a religious organization

authors: Major, Ronald Gordon

abstract: The historian and socio1ogist, Ernest Troeltsch stated in the conclusion to his major work The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches (1912) that: 
The Ethos of the Gospel… is an ideal which requires a new world if it is to be fully realized… (it is) an ideal which cannot be realized within this world apart from compromise. Therefore the history of the Christian Ethos becomes the story of a constantly renewed search for this compromise. 
Troeltsch endeavoured through an historical survey to identify the mode of accommodation to the social and cultural environment found necessary by a variety of religious movements. His categorization of 'Church', 'Sect' and 'Mysticism' was based on the response of their members' behaviour to the ‘world' as they perceived it, and the teaching of their religious leaders. 
Troeltsch identified the 'Church' as that type of organisation that compromised with the 'world' by affirming many of the social and cultural values in which it was encapsulated and by endeavouring to come to terms with these values. The 'sect', by contrast rejected both the world and compromise with it. It was hostile, but its existence and the values subscribed to by its members were largely dependent upon a symbiotic relation to that environment and it used its encapsulation to sustain its discrete identity. 'Mysticism', relied on an individual's religious spontaneity that was concerned with neither the encapsulating environment nor the symbiotic relation of' an organisation and its membership to the ‘world'. The Mystics’ concern was the inner world of man.

text: Features of the process of change in a religious organization The historian and socio1ogist, Ernest Troeltsch stated in the conclusion to his major work The Social Teaching of the Christian Churches (1912) that: 
The Ethos of the Gospel… is an ideal which requires a new world if it is to be fully realized… (it is) an ideal which cannot be realized within this world apart from compromise. Therefore the history of the Christian Ethos becomes the story of a constantly renewed search for this compromise. 
Troeltsch endeavoured through an historical survey to identify the mode of accommodation to the social and cultural environment found necessary by a variety of religious movements. His categorization of 'Church', 'Sect' and 'Mysticism' was based on the response of their members' behaviour to the ‘world' as they perceived it, and the teaching of their religious leaders. 
Troeltsch identified the 'Church' as that type of organisation that compromised with the 'world' by affirming many of the social and cultural values in which it was encapsulated and by endeavouring to come to terms with these values. The 'sect', by contrast rejected both the world and compromise with it. It was hostile, but its existence and the values subscribed to by its members were largely dependent upon a symbiotic relation to that environment and it used its encapsulation to sustain its discrete identity. 'Mysticism', relied on an individual's religious spontaneity that was concerned with neither the encapsulating environment nor the symbiotic relation of' an organisation and its membership to the ‘world'. The Mystics’ concern was the inner world of man.

year: 1973

title: Progressing the science of effluent treatment using Lasersizer diffraction analysis - a pilot study

authors: Burgess, Alison C.

abstract: Disinfection of waste water with ultraviolet (UV) light is a common procedure in many sewage treatment plants because it is used to inactivate coliform bacteria in the effluent. The number of coliform bacteria in a given sample is used as a proxy to indicate the presence of targeted pathogenic organisms. Typically the coliform bacteria exist in a particle-associated state which results in their being shielded from the UV light (Darby et al., 1999). Such particles are documented in the size range 20 to 80 μm, and therefore measurement of the size distribution in a sample could be used to indicate the degree of shielding. UV treatment is less effective for particles larger than about 40 μm in size (Table 1).
 Our pilot study used the laser diffraction technique to generate particle-size distributions of samples of effluent. By quantifying the amount of bacteria-shielding particles using this technique we were able to estimate the general efficacy of the UV sterilization process. The surface weighted mean diameter statistic was taken as a numerical measure of the bacteriashielding particle size distribution.

text: Progressing the science of effluent treatment using Lasersizer diffraction analysis - a pilot study Disinfection of waste water with ultraviolet (UV) light is a common procedure in many sewage treatment plants because it is used to inactivate coliform bacteria in the effluent. The number of coliform bacteria in a given sample is used as a proxy to indicate the presence of targeted pathogenic organisms. Typically the coliform bacteria exist in a particle-associated state which results in their being shielded from the UV light (Darby et al., 1999). Such particles are documented in the size range 20 to 80 μm, and therefore measurement of the size distribution in a sample could be used to indicate the degree of shielding. UV treatment is less effective for particles larger than about 40 μm in size (Table 1).
 Our pilot study used the laser diffraction technique to generate particle-size distributions of samples of effluent. By quantifying the amount of bacteria-shielding particles using this technique we were able to estimate the general efficacy of the UV sterilization process. The surface weighted mean diameter statistic was taken as a numerical measure of the bacteriashielding particle size distribution.

year: 2003-12-02

title: Popoia te reo kia penapena: Nurture the language

authors: Berryman, Mere

subjects: Maori language

abstract: Research to develop a Māori language screening tool (Specialist Education Services, 2001), identified that students entering Māori Medium at five, could be classified into one of four Māori language competency, groups. Concurrently, teachers raised their need to identify the Māori language proficiency of five year olds entering Māori Medium so that more appropriate teaching strategies could be incorporated in preparation for literacy.
Accordingly, three Māori oral-language assessment tools, to help identify the Māori language competency of students entering Māori Medium settings at five years of age and provide formative information, were developed in response to this need. This paper details the development and trial of these tools.

text: Popoia te reo kia penapena: Nurture the language Research to develop a Māori language screening tool (Specialist Education Services, 2001), identified that students entering Māori Medium at five, could be classified into one of four Māori language competency, groups. Concurrently, teachers raised their need to identify the Māori language proficiency of five year olds entering Māori Medium so that more appropriate teaching strategies could be incorporated in preparation for literacy.
Accordingly, three Māori oral-language assessment tools, to help identify the Māori language competency of students entering Māori Medium settings at five years of age and provide formative information, were developed in response to this need. This paper details the development and trial of these tools.

year: 2009