title: "Delicate, petite & other things I'll never be": trans-punk anthems and love songs

authors: Schott, Gareth R.

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: Punk’s dogged durability continues to be driven by a communal ethos that once embodied inclusivity, resistance, challenge, and transformation. The precipitous absorption and integration of punk into the mainstream ran the risk of undermining the authenticity of its rebellion, DIY principles, and sub-cultural inimitability. Yet, in emerging from the underground punk has continued to provide a counter-normative framework and aesthetic. The ethos that underpinned first-wave punk is evident today in punk’s ongoing engagement with queer politics and persistent illustrations of gender fluidity. This article examines an articulation of “transgender as punk” focusing on the example of Laura Jane Grace, lead singer of U.S. anarcho-punk band Against Me!, who came out as transgender five albums into her public life as an established punk musician. Punk has time and again served as a site for making visible and verbalising discordant experiences, which Grace has accessed to document her complex and troubled personal intercessions, transgender realities, and their uncertain future.

text: "Delicate, petite & other things I'll never be": trans-punk anthems and love songs Punk’s dogged durability continues to be driven by a communal ethos that once embodied inclusivity, resistance, challenge, and transformation. The precipitous absorption and integration of punk into the mainstream ran the risk of undermining the authenticity of its rebellion, DIY principles, and sub-cultural inimitability. Yet, in emerging from the underground punk has continued to provide a counter-normative framework and aesthetic. The ethos that underpinned first-wave punk is evident today in punk’s ongoing engagement with queer politics and persistent illustrations of gender fluidity. This article examines an articulation of “transgender as punk” focusing on the example of Laura Jane Grace, lead singer of U.S. anarcho-punk band Against Me!, who came out as transgender five albums into her public life as an established punk musician. Punk has time and again served as a site for making visible and verbalising discordant experiences, which Grace has accessed to document her complex and troubled personal intercessions, transgender realities, and their uncertain future.

year: 2020-01-02

title: Modeling motor-evoked potentials from neural field simulations of transcranial magnetic stimulation

authors: Wilson, Marcus T.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Objective
To develop a population-based biophysical model of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Methods
We combined an existing MEP model with population-based cortical modeling. Layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, modeled with neural-field theory, are stimulated with TMS and feed layer 5 corticospinal neurons, which also couple directly but weakly to the TMS pulse. The layer 5 output controls mean motoneuron responses, which generate a series of single motor-unit action potentials that are summed to estimate a MEP.

Results
A MEP waveform was generated comparable to those observed experimentally. The model captured TMS phenomena including a sigmoidal input–output curve, common paired pulse effects (short interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, long interval intracortical inhibition) including responses to pharmacological interventions, and a cortical silent period. Changes in MEP amplitude following theta burst paradigms were observed including variability in outcome direction.

Conclusions
The model reproduces effects seen in common TMS paradigms.

Significance
The model allows population-based modeling of changes in cortical dynamics due to TMS protocols to be assessed in terms of changes in MEPs, thus allowing a clear comparison between population-based modeling predictions and typical experimental outcome measures.

text: Modeling motor-evoked potentials from neural field simulations of transcranial magnetic stimulation Objective
To develop a population-based biophysical model of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

Methods
We combined an existing MEP model with population-based cortical modeling. Layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, modeled with neural-field theory, are stimulated with TMS and feed layer 5 corticospinal neurons, which also couple directly but weakly to the TMS pulse. The layer 5 output controls mean motoneuron responses, which generate a series of single motor-unit action potentials that are summed to estimate a MEP.

Results
A MEP waveform was generated comparable to those observed experimentally. The model captured TMS phenomena including a sigmoidal input–output curve, common paired pulse effects (short interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, long interval intracortical inhibition) including responses to pharmacological interventions, and a cortical silent period. Changes in MEP amplitude following theta burst paradigms were observed including variability in outcome direction.

Conclusions
The model reproduces effects seen in common TMS paradigms.

Significance
The model allows population-based modeling of changes in cortical dynamics due to TMS protocols to be assessed in terms of changes in MEPs, thus allowing a clear comparison between population-based modeling predictions and typical experimental outcome measures.

year: 2021

title: Are historical perpetual leases on Maori owned land (Native reserves) a basis for currently enforceable fiduciary obligations?

authors: Dimitrov, Dara

subjects: fiduciary obligations

abstract: Colonial perpetual leases over what were once native reserves continue to trouble the New Zealand government. The colonial Public Trust Office was tasked with managing and administering Māori property affairs, with a focus on the administration of the native reserves. However, if the perpetual leases continue to be viewed through the contractual lens, relief for the Māori landowners will not be forthcoming. Therefore, examining the rationale for imposing fiduciary duties upon the colonial Public Trust Office is essential. Where traditional legal fiduciary literature explores the onerous proscriptive duties that bind persons occupying a fiduciary position, this article establishes that the extensive statutory role assigned to colonial Public Trust officers in managing the native reserves for their Māori beneficiaries created a fiduciary relationship. Moreover, this article shows that, when the colonial Public Trust Office exercised its powers, this often led to conflicts of interest with their Māori beneficiaries.

text: Are historical perpetual leases on Maori owned land (Native reserves) a basis for currently enforceable fiduciary obligations? Colonial perpetual leases over what were once native reserves continue to trouble the New Zealand government. The colonial Public Trust Office was tasked with managing and administering Māori property affairs, with a focus on the administration of the native reserves. However, if the perpetual leases continue to be viewed through the contractual lens, relief for the Māori landowners will not be forthcoming. Therefore, examining the rationale for imposing fiduciary duties upon the colonial Public Trust Office is essential. Where traditional legal fiduciary literature explores the onerous proscriptive duties that bind persons occupying a fiduciary position, this article establishes that the extensive statutory role assigned to colonial Public Trust officers in managing the native reserves for their Māori beneficiaries created a fiduciary relationship. Moreover, this article shows that, when the colonial Public Trust Office exercised its powers, this often led to conflicts of interest with their Māori beneficiaries.

year: 2024