title: Increasing compliance with teacher instructions within the classroom using variable interval tactile prompting in a self-management intervention

authors: Veitch, Sarah

subjects: Compliance

abstract: The skill of compliance is considered an essential keystone behaviour that correlates with academic performance and pro-social behaviours. This study extended the research of Lee (2016) by implementing a self-management intervention (with and without a tactile prompt) to increase compliant behaviour of a typically developing child in a mainstream New Zealand classroom. Two key components of this intervention were treating compliance as a skill to be taught, and evaluating the use of a discrete tactile prompt. It was expected that this self-management intervention would effectively increase compliance with teacher instructions within the classroom. The main hypothesis of this study was that a self-management intervention is more effective at increasing compliance with teacher instructions if it includes the use of a tactile prompt than if no prompts are used. A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to assess and compare the efficacy of both conditions. Secondly it was hypothesised that this self-management intervention would have high social validity for both the student and teacher. Thirdly, it was hypothesised that the intervention would result in a concomitant increase in on task behaviour. The findings of this study supported these hypotheses. Additionally increases in both compliance and on-task behaviour generalised to other settings and were maintained beyond the fading phase of the intervention. The findings of this study have theoretical implications relevant to the general classroom and future research.

text: Increasing compliance with teacher instructions within the classroom using variable interval tactile prompting in a self-management intervention The skill of compliance is considered an essential keystone behaviour that correlates with academic performance and pro-social behaviours. This study extended the research of Lee (2016) by implementing a self-management intervention (with and without a tactile prompt) to increase compliant behaviour of a typically developing child in a mainstream New Zealand classroom. Two key components of this intervention were treating compliance as a skill to be taught, and evaluating the use of a discrete tactile prompt. It was expected that this self-management intervention would effectively increase compliance with teacher instructions within the classroom. The main hypothesis of this study was that a self-management intervention is more effective at increasing compliance with teacher instructions if it includes the use of a tactile prompt than if no prompts are used. A single-subject alternating treatment design was used to assess and compare the efficacy of both conditions. Secondly it was hypothesised that this self-management intervention would have high social validity for both the student and teacher. Thirdly, it was hypothesised that the intervention would result in a concomitant increase in on task behaviour. The findings of this study supported these hypotheses. Additionally increases in both compliance and on-task behaviour generalised to other settings and were maintained beyond the fading phase of the intervention. The findings of this study have theoretical implications relevant to the general classroom and future research.

year: 2022

title: "What will people think?" Indian Women and Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/ New Zealand

authors: Somasekhar, Sripriya

subjects: domestic violence

abstract: Migration is a complex process undertaken for a wide range of reasons. To leave the country of ones birth to settle in another is likely to involve disruption to existing family and community relationships, reassessing ones culture of origin, reassessing ones identity and “fitting in” with a host culture. For many migrants, relative poverty, isolation, racism and prejudice are additional challenges and often, obtaining permanent resident status is far from straight forward. For these sorts of reasons, immigrant women who experience domestic violence face particular challenges over and above those faced by women from the dominant host culture.

Although there is a field of international literature which identifies immigrant-specific factors that trigger or maintain domestic violence, there is little such research in New Zealand and none which specifically focuses on Indian women immigrants.

This research is positioned within a view of domestic violence in India being a socio-cultural issue cutting across all castes, social classes and religions. The research increases awareness of cultural perspectives that foster violence and abuse, and investigates how the process of migration affects Indian women’s attempts to navigate their safety in the context of New Zealand. In particular, it reveals the barriers that Indian immigrant woman experiencing domestic violence face in seeking help, paying particular attention to the socio- cultural aspects of the Indian Diaspora in New Zealand.

There were two phases to the data collection- semi- structured face-to-face interviews with key informants in India and New Zealand and case studies of Indian migrant women who experience domestic violence. 

The key findings suggest that patriarchal attitudes and a sense of male entitlement are pivotal in perpetuating and tolerating domestic violence. In-laws are heavily implicated in the abuse (emotional, physical and financial) of women. This includes continued dowry demands after the wedding. Women reported isolation as an integral aspect of power and control exercised by their spouse in a host country. This and the shame they might bring upon their family and community were key reasons for not seeking help. Uncertain immigration status of women hindered reporting domestic violence. 

Although some community members were helpful, too often the Indian migrant community colluded with the abuser and/or were tolerant of domestic violence. Indian migrant women were sometimes outmanoeuvred by their partners in the family court by using ‘orders preventing removal’ of children. Even after women left the abusive relationship, they were emotionally abused by the partner using their children. 

Culturally safe practices are paramount to ensure women are not further victimized when they approach services.

text: "What will people think?" Indian Women and Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/ New Zealand Migration is a complex process undertaken for a wide range of reasons. To leave the country of ones birth to settle in another is likely to involve disruption to existing family and community relationships, reassessing ones culture of origin, reassessing ones identity and “fitting in” with a host culture. For many migrants, relative poverty, isolation, racism and prejudice are additional challenges and often, obtaining permanent resident status is far from straight forward. For these sorts of reasons, immigrant women who experience domestic violence face particular challenges over and above those faced by women from the dominant host culture.

Although there is a field of international literature which identifies immigrant-specific factors that trigger or maintain domestic violence, there is little such research in New Zealand and none which specifically focuses on Indian women immigrants.

This research is positioned within a view of domestic violence in India being a socio-cultural issue cutting across all castes, social classes and religions. The research increases awareness of cultural perspectives that foster violence and abuse, and investigates how the process of migration affects Indian women’s attempts to navigate their safety in the context of New Zealand. In particular, it reveals the barriers that Indian immigrant woman experiencing domestic violence face in seeking help, paying particular attention to the socio- cultural aspects of the Indian Diaspora in New Zealand.

There were two phases to the data collection- semi- structured face-to-face interviews with key informants in India and New Zealand and case studies of Indian migrant women who experience domestic violence. 

The key findings suggest that patriarchal attitudes and a sense of male entitlement are pivotal in perpetuating and tolerating domestic violence. In-laws are heavily implicated in the abuse (emotional, physical and financial) of women. This includes continued dowry demands after the wedding. Women reported isolation as an integral aspect of power and control exercised by their spouse in a host country. This and the shame they might bring upon their family and community were key reasons for not seeking help. Uncertain immigration status of women hindered reporting domestic violence. 

Although some community members were helpful, too often the Indian migrant community colluded with the abuser and/or were tolerant of domestic violence. Indian migrant women were sometimes outmanoeuvred by their partners in the family court by using ‘orders preventing removal’ of children. Even after women left the abusive relationship, they were emotionally abused by the partner using their children. 

Culturally safe practices are paramount to ensure women are not further victimized when they approach services.

year: 2016

title: Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori

authors: Cormack, Donna

subjects: Humans

abstract: In Aotearoa New Zealand, people regularly travel away from their home to receive hospital care. While the role of whānau support for patients in hospital is critical for Māori, there is little information about away-from-home hospitalisations. This paper describes the frequency and patterning of away-from-home hospitalisations and inter-hospital transfers for Māori. Data from the National Minimum Dataset (NMDS), for the 6-year period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2014, were analysed. Basic frequencies, means and descriptive statistics were produced using SAS software. We found that more than 10% of all routine hospitalisations constituted an away-from-home hospitalisation for Māori; that is, a hospitalisation that was in a district health board (DHB) other than the DHB of usual residence for the patient. One quarter (25.19%) of transfer hospitalisations were to a DHB other than the patient's DHB of domicile. Away-from-home hospital admissions increase for Māori as deprivation increases for both routine and transfer admissions, with over half of Māori hospital admissions among people who live in areas of high deprivation. This analysis aids in understanding away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori whānau, the characteristics associated with these types of hospitalisations and supports the development and implementation of policies which better meet whānau Māori needs. The cumulative impact of the need to travel to hospital for care, levels of poverty and a primarily reimbursement-based travel assistance system all perpetuate an unequal cost burden placed upon Māori whānau.

text: Understanding the context of hospital transfers and away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori In Aotearoa New Zealand, people regularly travel away from their home to receive hospital care. While the role of whānau support for patients in hospital is critical for Māori, there is little information about away-from-home hospitalisations. This paper describes the frequency and patterning of away-from-home hospitalisations and inter-hospital transfers for Māori. Data from the National Minimum Dataset (NMDS), for the 6-year period of 1 January 2009-31 December 2014, were analysed. Basic frequencies, means and descriptive statistics were produced using SAS software. We found that more than 10% of all routine hospitalisations constituted an away-from-home hospitalisation for Māori; that is, a hospitalisation that was in a district health board (DHB) other than the DHB of usual residence for the patient. One quarter (25.19%) of transfer hospitalisations were to a DHB other than the patient's DHB of domicile. Away-from-home hospital admissions increase for Māori as deprivation increases for both routine and transfer admissions, with over half of Māori hospital admissions among people who live in areas of high deprivation. This analysis aids in understanding away-from-home hospitalisations for Māori whānau, the characteristics associated with these types of hospitalisations and supports the development and implementation of policies which better meet whānau Māori needs. The cumulative impact of the need to travel to hospital for care, levels of poverty and a primarily reimbursement-based travel assistance system all perpetuate an unequal cost burden placed upon Māori whānau.

year: 2022-11-11