title: Measurement error and the effect of inequality on experienced versus reported crime

authors: Gibson, John

subjects: crime

abstract: This paper analyzes measurement errors in crime data to see how they impact econometric estimates, particularly of the key relationship between inequality and crime. Criminal victimization surveys of 140,000 respondents in 37 industrial, transition and developing countries are used. Comparing the crimes experienced by these respondents with those reported to the police, non-random and mean-reverting measurement errors are apparent. Some time-varying factors may also affect the propensity of victims to report crimes to the police, undermining the use of country-specific fixed effects as a means of dealing with measurement errors in official crime data. These measurement errors substantially attenuate both cross-sectional and panel estimates of the effect of inequality on crime.

text: Measurement error and the effect of inequality on experienced versus reported crime This paper analyzes measurement errors in crime data to see how they impact econometric estimates, particularly of the key relationship between inequality and crime. Criminal victimization surveys of 140,000 respondents in 37 industrial, transition and developing countries are used. Comparing the crimes experienced by these respondents with those reported to the police, non-random and mean-reverting measurement errors are apparent. Some time-varying factors may also affect the propensity of victims to report crimes to the police, undermining the use of country-specific fixed effects as a means of dealing with measurement errors in official crime data. These measurement errors substantially attenuate both cross-sectional and panel estimates of the effect of inequality on crime.

year: 2006-07

title: Technical education in New Zealand: A Survey of developments and trends from 1940 to 1966

authors: Collett, Graeme Richard

abstract: We live in a time of change. All around us are a variety of goods; transistor radios, television sets, pre-packed frozen foods, plastic goods, synthetic materials, electrical appliances and a host of others, which were unheard of twenty-five years ago. In fact, we in New Zealand are experiencing the effect of a world wide technological revolution, which is having far reaching effects of the way of life of people throughout the world. 

To the fore of this revolution are the scientists and technologists who generate new ideas and learning, but equally important have become the group of skilled people who apply these ideas in practice. This group in New Zealand, receive its training mainly through our system of technical education, which has undergone vast changes as technology has advanced and needs have changed.

text: Technical education in New Zealand: A Survey of developments and trends from 1940 to 1966 We live in a time of change. All around us are a variety of goods; transistor radios, television sets, pre-packed frozen foods, plastic goods, synthetic materials, electrical appliances and a host of others, which were unheard of twenty-five years ago. In fact, we in New Zealand are experiencing the effect of a world wide technological revolution, which is having far reaching effects of the way of life of people throughout the world. 

To the fore of this revolution are the scientists and technologists who generate new ideas and learning, but equally important have become the group of skilled people who apply these ideas in practice. This group in New Zealand, receive its training mainly through our system of technical education, which has undergone vast changes as technology has advanced and needs have changed.

year: 1967

title: Indigenous knowledge, methodology and mayhem: What is the role of methodology in producing indigenous insights? A discussion from Mātauranga Māori

authors: Smith, Linda Tuhiwai

abstract: The emergence of an academic discourse called Indigenous knowledge internationally, and mātauranga Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, presents some substantive challenges to concepts of knowing and being, of knowledge creation, knowledge work and the making of meaning. These challenges engage us across philosophical, disciplinary, institutional, inter-generational, territorial and community boundaries, presenting an opportunity to imagine this field anew, and the theories and methodologies that inform contemporary Māori or Indigenous Studies. This article raises some discussion about ‘research methodologies’ being used when discussing mātauranga Māori and Indigenous knowledge (hereafter referred to as IK mātauranga). Research methodologies are often associated with specific disciplines of knowledge and viewed as the primary if not singular way in which knowledge is generated. Arguably, IK mātauranga occupies a different knowledge space from traditional academic disciplines, including their transdisciplinary interstices. This article speaks to a gnawing sense that mayhem is at play, as the academic work around IK mātauranga begins to consolidate and become institutionalised away from its indigenous communities and contexts, where it began and where it still informs identities, ways of living and being.

text: Indigenous knowledge, methodology and mayhem: What is the role of methodology in producing indigenous insights? A discussion from Mātauranga Māori The emergence of an academic discourse called Indigenous knowledge internationally, and mātauranga Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand, presents some substantive challenges to concepts of knowing and being, of knowledge creation, knowledge work and the making of meaning. These challenges engage us across philosophical, disciplinary, institutional, inter-generational, territorial and community boundaries, presenting an opportunity to imagine this field anew, and the theories and methodologies that inform contemporary Māori or Indigenous Studies. This article raises some discussion about ‘research methodologies’ being used when discussing mātauranga Māori and Indigenous knowledge (hereafter referred to as IK mātauranga). Research methodologies are often associated with specific disciplines of knowledge and viewed as the primary if not singular way in which knowledge is generated. Arguably, IK mātauranga occupies a different knowledge space from traditional academic disciplines, including their transdisciplinary interstices. This article speaks to a gnawing sense that mayhem is at play, as the academic work around IK mātauranga begins to consolidate and become institutionalised away from its indigenous communities and contexts, where it began and where it still informs identities, ways of living and being.

year: 2016