title: Dynamic mud deposition along the fluvial–tidal transition zone in the Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: La Croix, Andrew D.

abstract: The fluvial–tidal transition zone (FTT) is a critical interface where complex interactions between river flow, tides, and sedimentation shape geomorphic systems and influence the dynamics of aquatic environments. However, few previous studies have integrated real‐time hydrodynamic data with sedimentary deposits. In particular, the range of depositional conditions over which mud accumulates remains poorly constrained, and little is understood about how these deposits are preserved in the stratigraphic record. To address this knowledge gap, we examined co‐located hydrodynamic instrument data and sedimentary deposits from the lower Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand. Results reveal that “dynamic mud” events, including fluid mud and rapidly deposited mud, dominate the spatial and temporal record, with few “static mud” events in which mud is deposited through gravitational settling. We suggest that dynamic mud conditions with the potential for deposition may occur throughout the tidal cycle, although cyclic tidal successions are never fully preserved. Many of the trends in sedimentation observed in studies of larger systems are not present in this small muddy river system, indicating the significance of climatic and river‐flow characteristics on the sedimentary record. This work underscores the importance of studying systems of multiple sizes across diverse climatic regimes to establish holistic facies models to reconstruct geological history accurately.

text: Dynamic mud deposition along the fluvial–tidal transition zone in the Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand The fluvial–tidal transition zone (FTT) is a critical interface where complex interactions between river flow, tides, and sedimentation shape geomorphic systems and influence the dynamics of aquatic environments. However, few previous studies have integrated real‐time hydrodynamic data with sedimentary deposits. In particular, the range of depositional conditions over which mud accumulates remains poorly constrained, and little is understood about how these deposits are preserved in the stratigraphic record. To address this knowledge gap, we examined co‐located hydrodynamic instrument data and sedimentary deposits from the lower Waihou River, Aotearoa New Zealand. Results reveal that “dynamic mud” events, including fluid mud and rapidly deposited mud, dominate the spatial and temporal record, with few “static mud” events in which mud is deposited through gravitational settling. We suggest that dynamic mud conditions with the potential for deposition may occur throughout the tidal cycle, although cyclic tidal successions are never fully preserved. Many of the trends in sedimentation observed in studies of larger systems are not present in this small muddy river system, indicating the significance of climatic and river‐flow characteristics on the sedimentary record. This work underscores the importance of studying systems of multiple sizes across diverse climatic regimes to establish holistic facies models to reconstruct geological history accurately.

year: 2025

title: Steady state kinetics of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an archaebacterial extreme thermophile, isolate AN1

authors: Hudson, R.C.

subjects: glutamate dehydrogenase

abstract: A steady state kinetic study was carried out with the glutamate dehydrogenase from the thermophilic, archaebacterial isolate AN1. Initial velocity studies of the oxidative deamination reaction showed the mechanism is sequential and indicated that the order of substrate addition is random, while inhibition studies with products and substrate analogues suggested a strong preference for NADP⁺ to bind first. Initial velocity studies of the reductive amination reaction showed that the mechanism is sequential and indicated that the order of substrate addition is random, while product inhibition studies and the effect of substrate saturation on the initial velocity suggested that the preferred order of substrate addition is NADPH, 2-ketoglutarate, ammonia.

text: Steady state kinetics of the glutamate dehydrogenase from an archaebacterial extreme thermophile, isolate AN1 A steady state kinetic study was carried out with the glutamate dehydrogenase from the thermophilic, archaebacterial isolate AN1. Initial velocity studies of the oxidative deamination reaction showed the mechanism is sequential and indicated that the order of substrate addition is random, while inhibition studies with products and substrate analogues suggested a strong preference for NADP⁺ to bind first. Initial velocity studies of the reductive amination reaction showed that the mechanism is sequential and indicated that the order of substrate addition is random, while product inhibition studies and the effect of substrate saturation on the initial velocity suggested that the preferred order of substrate addition is NADPH, 2-ketoglutarate, ammonia.

year: 1995

title: How do colorectal cancer patients rate their GP: a mixed methods study

authors: Blackmore, Tania Louise

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Background: New Zealand (NZ) has a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and low rates of early diagnosis. With screening not yet nationwide, the majority of CRC is diagnosed through general practice. A good patient-general practitioner (GP) relationship can facilitate prompt diagnosis, but when there is a breakdown in this relationship, delays can occur. Delayed diagnosis of CRC in NZ receives a disproportionally high number of complaints directed against GPs, suggesting deficits in the patient-GP connection. We aimed to investigate patient-reported confidence and ratings of their GP following the diagnostic process. 
Methods: This study is a mixed methods analysis of responses to a structured questionnaire and free text comments from patients newly diagnosed with CRC in the Midland region of NZ. A total of 195 patients responded to the structured questionnaire, and 113 patients provided additional free text comments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population and chi square analysis determined the statistical significance of factors possibly linked to delay. Free text comments were analysed using a thematic framework. 
Results: Most participants rated their GP as ‘Very good/Good’ at communication with patients about their health conditions and involving them in decisions about their care, and 6.7% of participants rated their overall level of confidence and trust in their GP as ‘Not at all’. Age, gender, ethnicity and a longer diagnostic interval were associated with lower confidence and trust. Free text comments were grouped in to three themes: 1. GP Interpersonal skills; (communication, listening, taking patient symptoms seriously), 2. Technical competence; (speed of referral, misdiagnoses, lack of physical examination), and 3. Organisation of general practice care; (appointment length, getting an appointment, continuity of care). 
Conclusions: Māori, females, and younger participants were more likely to report low confidence and trust in their GP. Participants associate a poor diagnostic experience with deficits in the interpersonal and technical skills of their GP, and health system factors within general practice. Short appointment times, access to appointments and poor GP continuity are important components of how patients assess their experience and are particularly important to ensure equal access for Māori patients.

text: How do colorectal cancer patients rate their GP: a mixed methods study Background: New Zealand (NZ) has a high incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) and low rates of early diagnosis. With screening not yet nationwide, the majority of CRC is diagnosed through general practice. A good patient-general practitioner (GP) relationship can facilitate prompt diagnosis, but when there is a breakdown in this relationship, delays can occur. Delayed diagnosis of CRC in NZ receives a disproportionally high number of complaints directed against GPs, suggesting deficits in the patient-GP connection. We aimed to investigate patient-reported confidence and ratings of their GP following the diagnostic process. 
Methods: This study is a mixed methods analysis of responses to a structured questionnaire and free text comments from patients newly diagnosed with CRC in the Midland region of NZ. A total of 195 patients responded to the structured questionnaire, and 113 patients provided additional free text comments. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the study population and chi square analysis determined the statistical significance of factors possibly linked to delay. Free text comments were analysed using a thematic framework. 
Results: Most participants rated their GP as ‘Very good/Good’ at communication with patients about their health conditions and involving them in decisions about their care, and 6.7% of participants rated their overall level of confidence and trust in their GP as ‘Not at all’. Age, gender, ethnicity and a longer diagnostic interval were associated with lower confidence and trust. Free text comments were grouped in to three themes: 1. GP Interpersonal skills; (communication, listening, taking patient symptoms seriously), 2. Technical competence; (speed of referral, misdiagnoses, lack of physical examination), and 3. Organisation of general practice care; (appointment length, getting an appointment, continuity of care). 
Conclusions: Māori, females, and younger participants were more likely to report low confidence and trust in their GP. Participants associate a poor diagnostic experience with deficits in the interpersonal and technical skills of their GP, and health system factors within general practice. Short appointment times, access to appointments and poor GP continuity are important components of how patients assess their experience and are particularly important to ensure equal access for Māori patients.

year: 2021-04-08