title: Collective versus voluntary payment in contingent valuation for the conservation of marine biodiversity: an exploratory study from Zakynthos, Greece

authors: Stithou, Mavra

subjects: Contingent Valuation Method

abstract: This paper explores the determinants of foreign visitors’ participation in a conservation scheme for marine biodiversity. It also sheds light on respondents’ behaviour when confronted with collective and voluntary payment modes in the context of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The elicited conservation values concern two endangered species; the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta and the monk seal Monachus monachus. The findings of this pilot study indicate that the main reasons for respondents’ participation are prior knowledge of species and attitude to management options. More importantly, they show evidence of sensitivity to the method of payment. Despite respondents state a lower Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) when a collective mechanism is used in place of a voluntary one, they are more likely to participate in the scheme with a higher certainty. Finally, the elicited WTP values of the two marine endangered species confirm that there is potential for internal funding which could sustain the operation of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (NMPZ) in Greece.

text: Collective versus voluntary payment in contingent valuation for the conservation of marine biodiversity: an exploratory study from Zakynthos, Greece This paper explores the determinants of foreign visitors’ participation in a conservation scheme for marine biodiversity. It also sheds light on respondents’ behaviour when confronted with collective and voluntary payment modes in the context of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The elicited conservation values concern two endangered species; the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta and the monk seal Monachus monachus. The findings of this pilot study indicate that the main reasons for respondents’ participation are prior knowledge of species and attitude to management options. More importantly, they show evidence of sensitivity to the method of payment. Despite respondents state a lower Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) when a collective mechanism is used in place of a voluntary one, they are more likely to participate in the scheme with a higher certainty. Finally, the elicited WTP values of the two marine endangered species confirm that there is potential for internal funding which could sustain the operation of the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (NMPZ) in Greece.

year: 2011

title: A Parallel semantics for normal logic programs plus time

authors: Cleary, John G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: It is proposed that Normal Logic Programs with an explicit time ordering are a suitable basis for a general purpose parallel programming language. Examples show that such a language can accept real-time external inputs and outputs, and mimic assignment, all without departing from its pure logical semantics. This paper describes a fully incremental bottom-up interpreter that supports a wide range of parallel execution strategies and can extract significant potential parallelism from programs with complex dependencies.

text: A Parallel semantics for normal logic programs plus time It is proposed that Normal Logic Programs with an explicit time ordering are a suitable basis for a general purpose parallel programming language. Examples show that such a language can accept real-time external inputs and outputs, and mimic assignment, all without departing from its pure logical semantics. This paper describes a fully incremental bottom-up interpreter that supports a wide range of parallel execution strategies and can extract significant potential parallelism from programs with complex dependencies.

year: 2013-11-11

title: Policy for Maori: values, assumptions and closing the gap

authors: Levy, Michelle Patricia

subjects: Maori

abstract: This paper looks at the issue of what it is about the way in which policy is developed which
influences whether or not policy meets the needs of Maori. To do this I will focus on one component
of policy making; the role of the values and assumptions of policy makers. Assumptions about the
nature of policy making and the way in which policy can be used to maintain and modify norms and
standards, determine values and define problems are briefly investigated. These issues are
highlighted using the Code of Family and Social Responsibility as an example of the way in which
dominant cultural value bases and assumptions have influenced the way in which policy issues are
framed and presented. The paper concludes by asking why the consideration of the values of policy
makers is important for Maori and how can I, as a Maori policy analyst working within the
Government policy making sector, contribute to the development of policy which is based on Maori
assumptions, realities, values and world views.

text: Policy for Maori: values, assumptions and closing the gap This paper looks at the issue of what it is about the way in which policy is developed which
influences whether or not policy meets the needs of Maori. To do this I will focus on one component
of policy making; the role of the values and assumptions of policy makers. Assumptions about the
nature of policy making and the way in which policy can be used to maintain and modify norms and
standards, determine values and define problems are briefly investigated. These issues are
highlighted using the Code of Family and Social Responsibility as an example of the way in which
dominant cultural value bases and assumptions have influenced the way in which policy issues are
framed and presented. The paper concludes by asking why the consideration of the values of policy
makers is important for Maori and how can I, as a Maori policy analyst working within the
Government policy making sector, contribute to the development of policy which is based on Maori
assumptions, realities, values and world views.

year: 1999