title: Philosophy and Pedagogy of Early Childhood

authors: Farquhar, S.

subjects: pedagogy

abstract: In recent years new discourses have emerged to inform philosophy and pedagogy in early childhood. These range from various postfoundational perspectives to objectivist accounts such as neuroscience in relation to brain development. Given the variety of competing narratives, the field is complex and multifaceted with potential to revision early childhood pedagogy through varied paradigms and philosophical orientations. This special issue sought scholarship on a range of philosophical perspectives about early childhood education, particularly those related to issues of pedagogy. In this article, we develop an argument for philosophically informed pedagogy to balance some of the psychological and empirical approaches that dominate the field. Based on the provocations of the seven articles that comprise this issue, we argue for greater attention to subjective and even mysterious approaches to learning that call for ontological orientations to pedagogy as a relationship rather than a response or an intervention.

text: Philosophy and Pedagogy of Early Childhood In recent years new discourses have emerged to inform philosophy and pedagogy in early childhood. These range from various postfoundational perspectives to objectivist accounts such as neuroscience in relation to brain development. Given the variety of competing narratives, the field is complex and multifaceted with potential to revision early childhood pedagogy through varied paradigms and philosophical orientations. This special issue sought scholarship on a range of philosophical perspectives about early childhood education, particularly those related to issues of pedagogy. In this article, we develop an argument for philosophically informed pedagogy to balance some of the psychological and empirical approaches that dominate the field. Based on the provocations of the seven articles that comprise this issue, we argue for greater attention to subjective and even mysterious approaches to learning that call for ontological orientations to pedagogy as a relationship rather than a response or an intervention.

year: 2013

title: Environmental context determines pollution impacts on ecosystem functioning

authors: Burdon, Francis J.

abstract: Global change assessments have typically ignored synthetic chemical pollution, despite the rapid increase of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial chemicals in the environment. Part of the problem reflects the multifarious origins of these micropollutants, which can derive from urban and agricultural sources. Understanding how micropollutants harm ecosystems is a major scientific challenge due to asymmetries of stress across trophic levels and ecological surprises generated by multiple drivers interacting in human-impacted landscapes. We used field assays above and below municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 60 sampling locations across 20 Swiss streams to test how micropollutants and nutrients originating from WWTPs affect two trophic levels (microbes and detritivores) and their role in leaf litter processing. Wastewater impacts were asymmetric across trophic levels, with the detritivore contribution declining relative to microbial-driven decomposition. The strength of negative impacts were context dependent, peaking at sites with the highest upstream abundances of detritivorous invertebrates. Diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture and wastewater-born micropollutants contributed to reduced litter processing rates, including indirect effects apparently mediated through negative influences of insecticides on detritivores. Asymmetries in stress responses across trophic levels can introduce quantitative changes in consumer–resource dynamics and leaf litter processing. This means functional redundancies at different trophic levels are insufficient to compensate for biodiversity losses, causing environmental stressors such as chemical pollutants to have pervasive ecosystem-level impacts.

text: Environmental context determines pollution impacts on ecosystem functioning Global change assessments have typically ignored synthetic chemical pollution, despite the rapid increase of pharmaceuticals, pesticides and industrial chemicals in the environment. Part of the problem reflects the multifarious origins of these micropollutants, which can derive from urban and agricultural sources. Understanding how micropollutants harm ecosystems is a major scientific challenge due to asymmetries of stress across trophic levels and ecological surprises generated by multiple drivers interacting in human-impacted landscapes. We used field assays above and below municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 60 sampling locations across 20 Swiss streams to test how micropollutants and nutrients originating from WWTPs affect two trophic levels (microbes and detritivores) and their role in leaf litter processing. Wastewater impacts were asymmetric across trophic levels, with the detritivore contribution declining relative to microbial-driven decomposition. The strength of negative impacts were context dependent, peaking at sites with the highest upstream abundances of detritivorous invertebrates. Diffuse pollution from intensive agriculture and wastewater-born micropollutants contributed to reduced litter processing rates, including indirect effects apparently mediated through negative influences of insecticides on detritivores. Asymmetries in stress responses across trophic levels can introduce quantitative changes in consumer–resource dynamics and leaf litter processing. This means functional redundancies at different trophic levels are insufficient to compensate for biodiversity losses, causing environmental stressors such as chemical pollutants to have pervasive ecosystem-level impacts.

year: 2022

title: Taupiri rau kotahi - Taupiri rau manomano

authors: Sam-Turner, Hiko Akuhata Te Ngoungou Raniera

subjects: Taupiri marae

abstract: Kua roa nei te paepae o Taupiri marae e noho mokemoke ana, i te nuinga o te waa kaaore he tangata hei kawe i ngaa tikanga, aa, kua waiho maa te tokoiti e moohio ana me peewhea te whakahaere tika i ngaa tikanga o te marae. I te nuinga o te waa e waimarie ana maatou mehemea ka tae atu ngaa taangata e rua ki te manaaki i te mauri o te paepae moo te roanga ake o te kaupapa, ahakoa tangihanga mai, huritau mai, aha atu raanei.
I ngaa tau kua kaha kitea ahau te toimaha o teeraa o ngaa haepapa ka taka ki runga i te tokoiti. Naa teenaa, ka hua ake te uho o teenei o ngaa kaupapa rangahau, he waihanga i teetehi rautaki whaikoorero e piki ake ai ngaa nama o te hunga kawe i teenei aahuatanga. Ko taa te tuhingaroa nei he waiho i eetehi moohiotanga hei aawhina, hei whakapakari, hei whakamaamaa i ngaa aahuatanga ka tau ki runga i ngaa taangata whaikoorero. Kua waihotia e au eetehi kura hei aarahi, hei aawhina i ngaa whaanau o te marae, heoti, te hunga e piikoko ana ki te kawe i ngaa taonga o too taatou ahurea.
Ko te tino take kua ahu peenei taku rangahau kia moohio pai ngaa whakatupuranga ki eenei maatauranga, heoti, kia moohio pai ngaa whakatupuranga me peewhea te whakahaere i eenei aahuatanga. I runga anoo i te tuupono ka tae mai ki te waa me manaaki te reanga rangatahi i te paepae, ka taka raanei te haepapa whakahaere paepae ki a maatou te hunga rangatahi, ko te wawata ia ka aawhina teenei tuhingaroa i a taatou. Kaaore e kore hei ngaa tau e heke mai nei ka kii pohapoha te paepae o Taupiri marae i te hunga e moohio ana ki te whakatakoto i aana kupu, ki te whaikoorero. Koia te take i hua mai te ingoa o teenei o ngaa tuhingaroa, maa te whaangai i te rau kotahi ko te whaainga ia aa toona waa ka hora katoa eeraa maatauranga ki ngaa rau manomano.
“Hei aha te pae nekeneke, waiho mai raa ki ahau he pae kounga, he pae motuhake”

text: Taupiri rau kotahi - Taupiri rau manomano Kua roa nei te paepae o Taupiri marae e noho mokemoke ana, i te nuinga o te waa kaaore he tangata hei kawe i ngaa tikanga, aa, kua waiho maa te tokoiti e moohio ana me peewhea te whakahaere tika i ngaa tikanga o te marae. I te nuinga o te waa e waimarie ana maatou mehemea ka tae atu ngaa taangata e rua ki te manaaki i te mauri o te paepae moo te roanga ake o te kaupapa, ahakoa tangihanga mai, huritau mai, aha atu raanei.
I ngaa tau kua kaha kitea ahau te toimaha o teeraa o ngaa haepapa ka taka ki runga i te tokoiti. Naa teenaa, ka hua ake te uho o teenei o ngaa kaupapa rangahau, he waihanga i teetehi rautaki whaikoorero e piki ake ai ngaa nama o te hunga kawe i teenei aahuatanga. Ko taa te tuhingaroa nei he waiho i eetehi moohiotanga hei aawhina, hei whakapakari, hei whakamaamaa i ngaa aahuatanga ka tau ki runga i ngaa taangata whaikoorero. Kua waihotia e au eetehi kura hei aarahi, hei aawhina i ngaa whaanau o te marae, heoti, te hunga e piikoko ana ki te kawe i ngaa taonga o too taatou ahurea.
Ko te tino take kua ahu peenei taku rangahau kia moohio pai ngaa whakatupuranga ki eenei maatauranga, heoti, kia moohio pai ngaa whakatupuranga me peewhea te whakahaere i eenei aahuatanga. I runga anoo i te tuupono ka tae mai ki te waa me manaaki te reanga rangatahi i te paepae, ka taka raanei te haepapa whakahaere paepae ki a maatou te hunga rangatahi, ko te wawata ia ka aawhina teenei tuhingaroa i a taatou. Kaaore e kore hei ngaa tau e heke mai nei ka kii pohapoha te paepae o Taupiri marae i te hunga e moohio ana ki te whakatakoto i aana kupu, ki te whaikoorero. Koia te take i hua mai te ingoa o teenei o ngaa tuhingaroa, maa te whaangai i te rau kotahi ko te whaainga ia aa toona waa ka hora katoa eeraa maatauranga ki ngaa rau manomano.
“Hei aha te pae nekeneke, waiho mai raa ki ahau he pae kounga, he pae motuhake”

year: 2022