title: Generating accurate rule sets without global optimization

authors: Frank, Eibe

abstract: The two dominant schemes for rule-learning, C4.5 and RIPPER, both operate in two stages. First, they induce an initial ruleset and then they refine it using a rather complex optimization stage that discards (C4.5) or adjusts (RIPPER) individual rules to make them work better together. In contrast, this paper shows how good rule sets can be learned one rule at a time, without any need for global optimization. We present an algorithm for inferring rules by repeatedly generating partial decision trees, thus combining the two major paradigms for rule generation—creating rules from decision trees and the separate-and-conquer rule-learning technique. The algorithm is straightforward and elegant: despite this, experiments on standard datasets show that it produces rulesets that are as accurate as and of similar size to those generated by C4.5, and more accurate than RIPPER’s. Moreover, it operates efficiently, and because it avoids postprocessing, does not suffer the extremely slow performance on pathological example sets for which the C4.5 method has been criticized.

text: Generating accurate rule sets without global optimization The two dominant schemes for rule-learning, C4.5 and RIPPER, both operate in two stages. First, they induce an initial ruleset and then they refine it using a rather complex optimization stage that discards (C4.5) or adjusts (RIPPER) individual rules to make them work better together. In contrast, this paper shows how good rule sets can be learned one rule at a time, without any need for global optimization. We present an algorithm for inferring rules by repeatedly generating partial decision trees, thus combining the two major paradigms for rule generation—creating rules from decision trees and the separate-and-conquer rule-learning technique. The algorithm is straightforward and elegant: despite this, experiments on standard datasets show that it produces rulesets that are as accurate as and of similar size to those generated by C4.5, and more accurate than RIPPER’s. Moreover, it operates efficiently, and because it avoids postprocessing, does not suffer the extremely slow performance on pathological example sets for which the C4.5 method has been criticized.

year: 1998-07-24

title: Current issues and potential solutions for the electrospinning of major polysaccharides and proteins: A review

authors: Syed, Murtaza Haider Syed

abstract: Biopolymers, especially polysaccharides and proteins, are the promising green replacement for petroleum based polymers. Due to their innate properties, they are effectively used in biomedical applications, especially tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. The fibrous morphology of biopolymers is essentially required for the effectiveness in these biomedical applications. Electrospinning (ES) is the most advanced and robust method to fabricate nanofibers (NFs) and provides a complete solution to the conventional methods issues. However, the major issues regarding fabricating polysaccharides and protein nanofibers using ES include poor electrospinnability, lack of desired fundamental properties for a specific application by a single biopolymer, and insolubility among common solvents. The current review provides the main strategies for effective electrospinning of the major biopolymers. The key strategies include blending major biopolymers with suitable biopolymers and optimizing the solvent system. A systematic literature review was done to provide the optimized solvent system of the major biopolymers along with their best possible biopolymeric blend for ES. The review also highlights the fundamental issues with the commercialization of ES based biomedical products and provides future directions to improve the fabrication of biopolymeric nanofibers.

text: Current issues and potential solutions for the electrospinning of major polysaccharides and proteins: A review Biopolymers, especially polysaccharides and proteins, are the promising green replacement for petroleum based polymers. Due to their innate properties, they are effectively used in biomedical applications, especially tissue engineering, wound healing, and drug delivery. The fibrous morphology of biopolymers is essentially required for the effectiveness in these biomedical applications. Electrospinning (ES) is the most advanced and robust method to fabricate nanofibers (NFs) and provides a complete solution to the conventional methods issues. However, the major issues regarding fabricating polysaccharides and protein nanofibers using ES include poor electrospinnability, lack of desired fundamental properties for a specific application by a single biopolymer, and insolubility among common solvents. The current review provides the main strategies for effective electrospinning of the major biopolymers. The key strategies include blending major biopolymers with suitable biopolymers and optimizing the solvent system. A systematic literature review was done to provide the optimized solvent system of the major biopolymers along with their best possible biopolymeric blend for ES. The review also highlights the fundamental issues with the commercialization of ES based biomedical products and provides future directions to improve the fabrication of biopolymeric nanofibers.

year: 2023-09

title: E kui Rāwinia

authors: Maxwell, Te Kahautu

subjects: Waiata tangi

abstract: He waiata tangi tēnei mō Rāwinia Te Kani he uri nō Te Whakatōhea.  I whānau mai a Rāwinia ki roto o Ngāti Rua he hapū nō Te Whakatōhea, i pakeke mai ia ki roto o Ngāti Rua ki Ōmarumutu, ā, i kuraina ia ki reira.  He wahine rongonui a Rāwinia ki roto o Tūranga i moe ia i a Tokorua Te Kani he ariki nō roto o Tūranga.  Hoi anō he wahine haka a Rāwinia he kuia tāngia ki te moko kauae me te tautoko i ngā mokopū wānanga puta i te motu.  He waiata tangi tēnei mōna nā tana iwi a Te Whakatōhea.

text: E kui Rāwinia He waiata tangi tēnei mō Rāwinia Te Kani he uri nō Te Whakatōhea.  I whānau mai a Rāwinia ki roto o Ngāti Rua he hapū nō Te Whakatōhea, i pakeke mai ia ki roto o Ngāti Rua ki Ōmarumutu, ā, i kuraina ia ki reira.  He wahine rongonui a Rāwinia ki roto o Tūranga i moe ia i a Tokorua Te Kani he ariki nō roto o Tūranga.  Hoi anō he wahine haka a Rāwinia he kuia tāngia ki te moko kauae me te tautoko i ngā mokopū wānanga puta i te motu.  He waiata tangi tēnei mōna nā tana iwi a Te Whakatōhea.

year: 2016