title: Attempting to capture the intangible: spirituality in state education.

authors: Fraser, Deborah

abstract: Spirituality has quietly featured in the secular school curriculum for decades but little attention was given to it until "spiritual well-being" was defined and briefly discussed in the 1999 Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum document (Ministry of Education, 1999). The definition provided in this statement, however, is so broad ranging that it provides little clarity to teachers who are required to interpret what spirituality might mean for classroom practice. This article explores the implications of spirituality for teaching and learning in Aotearoa New Zealand. It examines several teachers' narratives of classroom experiences that reveal spiritual dimensions. In attempting to capture the intangible, these narratives provide some insights to the possibilities, both conscious and unconscious, of creating a climate that fosters spirituality.

text: Attempting to capture the intangible: spirituality in state education. Spirituality has quietly featured in the secular school curriculum for decades but little attention was given to it until "spiritual well-being" was defined and briefly discussed in the 1999 Health and Physical Education in the New Zealand Curriculum document (Ministry of Education, 1999). The definition provided in this statement, however, is so broad ranging that it provides little clarity to teachers who are required to interpret what spirituality might mean for classroom practice. This article explores the implications of spirituality for teaching and learning in Aotearoa New Zealand. It examines several teachers' narratives of classroom experiences that reveal spiritual dimensions. In attempting to capture the intangible, these narratives provide some insights to the possibilities, both conscious and unconscious, of creating a climate that fosters spirituality.

year: 2005

title: Determining Canopy Vigour in G3 Kiwifruit using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems

authors: Hull, Graham George

subjects: GIS

abstract: Consumers are increasingly demanding that food producers justify their use of water, fertiliser and agrichemicals. Placing the right inputs, in the right place, at the right time, is sometimes called “Precision Agriculture”. However, the adoption of Precision Agriculture by New Zealand kiwifruit growers, has been constrained in part, by the cost and complexity of monitoring seasonal growth. Therefore, any new technology, that can simply and cost effectively measure canopy vigour in a timely way and relate that to fruit quality and production inputs, will ultimately help improve orchard gate returns and keep consumers happy. Using a multispectral camera and UAV (drone), this study monitored two, G3 kiwifruit orchards over three months. Canopy Chlorophyll Content, was found to be the best proxy for canopy vigour. The vegetation index, EVI2 on its own, explained 67% of the variability in canopy vigour. Adding orchard topography measures, extracted from LIDAR data using GIS software, increased the explanatory power of the best model to 85%. In many respects, remote sensing was found to be superior to historical measurement methods. However, uptake by the kiwifruit industry is likely to be conditional on a better understanding of the relationship between canopy vigour, fruit quality and orchard gate returns. The significant correlations observed between orchard topography and canopy vigour, signal a need for closer integration of Geography and Agricultural Science disciplines, in future kiwifruit research.

text: Determining Canopy Vigour in G3 Kiwifruit using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems Consumers are increasingly demanding that food producers justify their use of water, fertiliser and agrichemicals. Placing the right inputs, in the right place, at the right time, is sometimes called “Precision Agriculture”. However, the adoption of Precision Agriculture by New Zealand kiwifruit growers, has been constrained in part, by the cost and complexity of monitoring seasonal growth. Therefore, any new technology, that can simply and cost effectively measure canopy vigour in a timely way and relate that to fruit quality and production inputs, will ultimately help improve orchard gate returns and keep consumers happy. Using a multispectral camera and UAV (drone), this study monitored two, G3 kiwifruit orchards over three months. Canopy Chlorophyll Content, was found to be the best proxy for canopy vigour. The vegetation index, EVI2 on its own, explained 67% of the variability in canopy vigour. Adding orchard topography measures, extracted from LIDAR data using GIS software, increased the explanatory power of the best model to 85%. In many respects, remote sensing was found to be superior to historical measurement methods. However, uptake by the kiwifruit industry is likely to be conditional on a better understanding of the relationship between canopy vigour, fruit quality and orchard gate returns. The significant correlations observed between orchard topography and canopy vigour, signal a need for closer integration of Geography and Agricultural Science disciplines, in future kiwifruit research.

year: 2017

title: Social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand: Analysing its evolution to  inform, improve, and justify its future

authors: Antric, Tim

subjects: Social marketing

abstract: Plotting the evolution and experience of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, this thesis charts a creative landscape of productive future research directions in the field.
Starting with the question, “What can the social marketing discipline learn from the unique experience of social marketers in Aotearoa New Zealand?”, the research draws from appreciative inquiry interviews with 20 experienced social marketers and reviews of relevant government documents and published commentaries. Analysis of the findings sparked three substantive papers included in this thesis by publication: two of these have already been published, and one is currently being revised for resubmission. Presented in chapters four to six, the three papers analyse the growth and decline of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand; the overlapping functions of social marketing and public relations; and the incorporation of indigenous communities’ values into social marketing.
1.	The growth and decline of social marketing
In an original developmental framework for social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, the first of the three papers tracks four phases through four different governments as follows: (1) Foundation (1984-1990); (2) Establishment (1990-1999); (3) Growth (1999-2008); and (4) Decline (2008-2017).  The research found that political support is key to enabling ongoing social marketing contributions to social change and argues for the development of an evidence base for effective communication to political decision-makers to attract such support.
2.	Public relations, reputation and social marketing 
In identifying the strong interdisciplinary nature of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, the second paper focuses on the intersections of public relations, marketing, advertising and health promotion. It illustrates how local definitions of, and practices within, social marketing draw from different disciplines. 
Social marketing has also been shaped by the nation’s founding document, Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi). The Crown’s revised principles of Te Tiriti offer further opportunity to improve social marketing through indigenous autonomy, partnership, active protection, equity and options.
3.	Decolonising social marketing through an indigenous lens
The third paper tackles the question: can social marketing address health inequity between Māori and non-Maori? It deals with this question in the context of the international shift in social marketing away from a focus on individual change to a focus on societal and social change. The paper’s findings support an ongoing critical analysis of social marketing from an indigenous worldview.
Conclusions
Overall, the thesis looks at the impact of political ideologies on the function of social marketing and makes novel suggestions on how social marketing academics and practitioners can attract political support. It calls for increasing interdisciplinarity to engage effectively with contemporary issues and encourages social marketers to search for “soul” in organisations. 
The thesis also identifies indigenous Māori culture as a potential inspiration for social marketers to improve their interactions with indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand as well as across the globe. It recommends that future social marketing interventions not only be informed by indigenous worldviews but also be led by indigenous communities involved from the planning stages.

text: Social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand: Analysing its evolution to  inform, improve, and justify its future Plotting the evolution and experience of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, this thesis charts a creative landscape of productive future research directions in the field.
Starting with the question, “What can the social marketing discipline learn from the unique experience of social marketers in Aotearoa New Zealand?”, the research draws from appreciative inquiry interviews with 20 experienced social marketers and reviews of relevant government documents and published commentaries. Analysis of the findings sparked three substantive papers included in this thesis by publication: two of these have already been published, and one is currently being revised for resubmission. Presented in chapters four to six, the three papers analyse the growth and decline of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand; the overlapping functions of social marketing and public relations; and the incorporation of indigenous communities’ values into social marketing.
1.	The growth and decline of social marketing
In an original developmental framework for social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, the first of the three papers tracks four phases through four different governments as follows: (1) Foundation (1984-1990); (2) Establishment (1990-1999); (3) Growth (1999-2008); and (4) Decline (2008-2017).  The research found that political support is key to enabling ongoing social marketing contributions to social change and argues for the development of an evidence base for effective communication to political decision-makers to attract such support.
2.	Public relations, reputation and social marketing 
In identifying the strong interdisciplinary nature of social marketing in Aotearoa New Zealand, the second paper focuses on the intersections of public relations, marketing, advertising and health promotion. It illustrates how local definitions of, and practices within, social marketing draw from different disciplines. 
Social marketing has also been shaped by the nation’s founding document, Te Tiriti o Waitangi (The Treaty of Waitangi). The Crown’s revised principles of Te Tiriti offer further opportunity to improve social marketing through indigenous autonomy, partnership, active protection, equity and options.
3.	Decolonising social marketing through an indigenous lens
The third paper tackles the question: can social marketing address health inequity between Māori and non-Maori? It deals with this question in the context of the international shift in social marketing away from a focus on individual change to a focus on societal and social change. The paper’s findings support an ongoing critical analysis of social marketing from an indigenous worldview.
Conclusions
Overall, the thesis looks at the impact of political ideologies on the function of social marketing and makes novel suggestions on how social marketing academics and practitioners can attract political support. It calls for increasing interdisciplinarity to engage effectively with contemporary issues and encourages social marketers to search for “soul” in organisations. 
The thesis also identifies indigenous Māori culture as a potential inspiration for social marketers to improve their interactions with indigenous people in Aotearoa New Zealand as well as across the globe. It recommends that future social marketing interventions not only be informed by indigenous worldviews but also be led by indigenous communities involved from the planning stages.

year: 2021