title: Reinvasion by ship rats (Rattus rattus) of forest fragments after eradication

authors: King, Carolyn M.

subjects: invasive predators

abstract: Reinvasions provide prime examples of source-sink population dynamics, and are a major reason for failure of eradications of invasive rats from protected areas. Yet little is known about the origins and population structure of the replacement population compared with the original one. We eradicated eight populations of ship rats from separate podocarp- broadleaved forest fragments surrounded by open grassland (averaging 5.3 ha, scattered across 20,000 ha) in rural landscapes of Waikato, New Zealand, and monitored the- re-establishment of new populations. Rats were kill-trapped to extinction during January to April 2008, and then again after reinvasion in April–May (total n = 517). Rats carrying Rhodamine B dye (n = 94), available only in baits placed 1–2 months in advance in adjacent source areas located 170–380 m (average 228 m edge to edge) away, appeared in 7 of the 8 fragments from the first day of the first eradication. The distribution of age groups, genders and proportions of reproductively mature adults (more immature juvenile males and fewer fully mature old females) was different among marked rats compared with all other rats (P = 0.001, n = 509); in all rats caught on days 7+ of the first eradication compared with on days 1–6 (P = 0.000); and in the total sample collected in fragments by trapping to and after local extinction compared with in brief, fixed-schedule sampling of populations in continuous forests (P = 0.000). Genotyping of 493 carcases found no significant population-level differentiation among the 8 fragments, confirming that the rats in all fragments belonged to a single dynamic metapopulation. Marked rats of both genders travelled up to 600 m in a few days. Conservation of forest fragments is compromised by the problem that ship rats cannot be prevented from rapidly reinvading any cleared area after eradication.

text: Reinvasion by ship rats (Rattus rattus) of forest fragments after eradication Reinvasions provide prime examples of source-sink population dynamics, and are a major reason for failure of eradications of invasive rats from protected areas. Yet little is known about the origins and population structure of the replacement population compared with the original one. We eradicated eight populations of ship rats from separate podocarp- broadleaved forest fragments surrounded by open grassland (averaging 5.3 ha, scattered across 20,000 ha) in rural landscapes of Waikato, New Zealand, and monitored the- re-establishment of new populations. Rats were kill-trapped to extinction during January to April 2008, and then again after reinvasion in April–May (total n = 517). Rats carrying Rhodamine B dye (n = 94), available only in baits placed 1–2 months in advance in adjacent source areas located 170–380 m (average 228 m edge to edge) away, appeared in 7 of the 8 fragments from the first day of the first eradication. The distribution of age groups, genders and proportions of reproductively mature adults (more immature juvenile males and fewer fully mature old females) was different among marked rats compared with all other rats (P = 0.001, n = 509); in all rats caught on days 7+ of the first eradication compared with on days 1–6 (P = 0.000); and in the total sample collected in fragments by trapping to and after local extinction compared with in brief, fixed-schedule sampling of populations in continuous forests (P = 0.000). Genotyping of 493 carcases found no significant population-level differentiation among the 8 fragments, confirming that the rats in all fragments belonged to a single dynamic metapopulation. Marked rats of both genders travelled up to 600 m in a few days. Conservation of forest fragments is compromised by the problem that ship rats cannot be prevented from rapidly reinvading any cleared area after eradication.

year: 2011

title: The pest fish threat and the Great Lakes example

authors: Chadderton, Lindsay

abstract: Today I will talk about some of the innovations and lessons from the Great Lakes with regard to managing pest fish. I will start by putting the region into context from a New Zealand perspective and then I will focus on some surveillance tools, surveillance
planning and control methods being developed in the region. I believe that many of the problems you face are the same as those in North America. However, there is significant investment occurring in the U.S. to manage a variety of species and overlap in issues may provide opportunities for collaboration. David Hamilton talked about linking this region to the world for water quality and monitoring and I believe the same applies to pest fish management. Certainly, the Great Lakes region has already gained from ongoing aquatic plant management collaborations with Paul Champion (e.g. Gantz et al 2015).

text: The pest fish threat and the Great Lakes example Today I will talk about some of the innovations and lessons from the Great Lakes with regard to managing pest fish. I will start by putting the region into context from a New Zealand perspective and then I will focus on some surveillance tools, surveillance
planning and control methods being developed in the region. I believe that many of the problems you face are the same as those in North America. However, there is significant investment occurring in the U.S. to manage a variety of species and overlap in issues may provide opportunities for collaboration. David Hamilton talked about linking this region to the world for water quality and monitoring and I believe the same applies to pest fish management. Certainly, the Great Lakes region has already gained from ongoing aquatic plant management collaborations with Paul Champion (e.g. Gantz et al 2015).

year: 2017

title: Ngā wāhine ariki tapairu o Te Arawa: Te Kuraimonoa, Kearoa, Whakaotirangi

authors: Retikaukau, Georgia-Louise

subjects: Te Arawa

abstract: Similar to many other iwi (tribes) in Aotearoa, the Arawa people have a rich ancestral heritage that traces back to our origins in Hawaiki through our esteemed canoe traditions. However, within these narratives, the prominence of our heroic male ancestors tends to overshadow the stories of their wives, who are often mentioned merely as secondary characters. Te Kuraimonoa, Kearoa, and Whakaotirangi represent the first three women to be named in Te Arawa traditions, yet their narratives remain vague, existing only from a male perspective. Although their names can be found scattered throughout European and Māori literature, their stories are fragmented and incomplete, varying from tribe to tribe.

The objective of this research is to delve into these three ancestresses' lives from a Te Arawa female perspective, aiming to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding. Employing a mixed-method research approach, this study will investigate Māori and European literature, supplemented by thematical analysis to study and compare data gathered from interviews with female Te Arawa descendants. The insights gained from this endeavour will contribute to the creation of substantial knowledge that can benefit both present and future generations.

Comprising of seven chapters, this thesis unfolds as follows: Chapter one introduces the research purpose and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters. Chapter two outlines the research methodology employed. Chapter three presents an in-depth exploration of Te Arawa iwi, elucidating their significance and cultural context. Chapter four encompasses a comprehensive literature review, while chapter five is solely dedicated to the insights derived from the interview dialogues. Chapter six delves into the findings and engages in detailed discussions, offering a comprehensive analysis. Lastly, chapter seven serves as the conclusion, summarizing the key findings and their implications.

text: Ngā wāhine ariki tapairu o Te Arawa: Te Kuraimonoa, Kearoa, Whakaotirangi Similar to many other iwi (tribes) in Aotearoa, the Arawa people have a rich ancestral heritage that traces back to our origins in Hawaiki through our esteemed canoe traditions. However, within these narratives, the prominence of our heroic male ancestors tends to overshadow the stories of their wives, who are often mentioned merely as secondary characters. Te Kuraimonoa, Kearoa, and Whakaotirangi represent the first three women to be named in Te Arawa traditions, yet their narratives remain vague, existing only from a male perspective. Although their names can be found scattered throughout European and Māori literature, their stories are fragmented and incomplete, varying from tribe to tribe.

The objective of this research is to delve into these three ancestresses' lives from a Te Arawa female perspective, aiming to provide a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding. Employing a mixed-method research approach, this study will investigate Māori and European literature, supplemented by thematical analysis to study and compare data gathered from interviews with female Te Arawa descendants. The insights gained from this endeavour will contribute to the creation of substantial knowledge that can benefit both present and future generations.

Comprising of seven chapters, this thesis unfolds as follows: Chapter one introduces the research purpose and provides an overview of the subsequent chapters. Chapter two outlines the research methodology employed. Chapter three presents an in-depth exploration of Te Arawa iwi, elucidating their significance and cultural context. Chapter four encompasses a comprehensive literature review, while chapter five is solely dedicated to the insights derived from the interview dialogues. Chapter six delves into the findings and engages in detailed discussions, offering a comprehensive analysis. Lastly, chapter seven serves as the conclusion, summarizing the key findings and their implications.

year: 2023