title: Anaerobic growth, nitrate reduction and denitrification in 46 rhizobium strains

authors: Daniel, Roy M.

subjects: biology

abstract: A total of 46 rhizobial strains were assessed for anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate, and, using the criteria of nitrate utilization and nitrous oxide and nitrogen production, for their ability to denitrify. Nitrite production was also measured. Half of the strains were denitrifiers: these included all five strains of R. meliloti tested which produced N2 from nitrate and most of the slow-growing rhizobia, but none of the 14 strains of R. trifolii.

text: Anaerobic growth, nitrate reduction and denitrification in 46 rhizobium strains A total of 46 rhizobial strains were assessed for anaerobic growth in the presence of nitrate, and, using the criteria of nitrate utilization and nitrous oxide and nitrogen production, for their ability to denitrify. Nitrite production was also measured. Half of the strains were denitrifiers: these included all five strains of R. meliloti tested which produced N2 from nitrate and most of the slow-growing rhizobia, but none of the 14 strains of R. trifolii.

year: 1982

title: An exploration of issues for effective home-school communication strategies with Asian immigrant parents

authors: Gilby, Karen Lynette Douglas

subjects: home-school communication

abstract: The far-reaching effects of 21st century globalisation have meant that schools are facing an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse parent community, a situation which presents educators with both opportunities and challenges. While international academic literature has recently begun to focus on the issues and challenges of cross-cultural communication with Asian immigrant parents in Western societies, New Zealand-based educational research has focused on independent international fee-paying students, as opposed to New Zealand-domiciled students and their parents. Post-modern influences, with the resultant emphasis on contextualisation of education, combined with increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the parent community, has underscored the need for effective home-school communication practices.

This small-scale, exploratory, qualitative research project documents the personal home-school communication experiences of Asian immigrant parents. The study uses empirical data collected from semi-structured individual and group interviews with seven parents from Korea, Hong-Kong and Mainland China, who reside in Tauranga, a growing provincial city located in the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand. By focusing on the implementation of the revised New Zealand Curriculum and the inaugural changes to the National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) Level 1 qualification in 2011, this research examines the extent of parental understanding and the effectiveness of current home-school communication practices.
 
The findings reveal that current home-school communication processes and practices are largely ineffective with this parent group, and highlight the disparity between high parental expectations and the rudimentary knowledge that they hold. A thematic analysis corroborates empirical data with academic rationale, and highlights an extensive language barrier, unrecognised cultural aspects of communication, inaccurate knowledge from alternative sources of information, and potentially conflicting worldviews of education.

A strategic leadership vision, along with a multifaceted commitment to action, is required to adopt approaches to home-school communication which facilitate effective communication, as well as the inclusion and integration of Asian immigrant parents as legitimate and recognised members of the school community. This study recommends the provision of multi-lingual resources for parents, ethnic-specific parent meetings, a formal liaison and advocacy role, and the development of ethnic community links to enhance home-school communication practices.
 
The discussion concludes with an epilogue, which outlines an ethnic-specific Korean parent meeting and demonstrates the practical application of recommendations contained within the study.

text: An exploration of issues for effective home-school communication strategies with Asian immigrant parents The far-reaching effects of 21st century globalisation have meant that schools are facing an increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse parent community, a situation which presents educators with both opportunities and challenges. While international academic literature has recently begun to focus on the issues and challenges of cross-cultural communication with Asian immigrant parents in Western societies, New Zealand-based educational research has focused on independent international fee-paying students, as opposed to New Zealand-domiciled students and their parents. Post-modern influences, with the resultant emphasis on contextualisation of education, combined with increasing cultural and linguistic diversity in the parent community, has underscored the need for effective home-school communication practices.

This small-scale, exploratory, qualitative research project documents the personal home-school communication experiences of Asian immigrant parents. The study uses empirical data collected from semi-structured individual and group interviews with seven parents from Korea, Hong-Kong and Mainland China, who reside in Tauranga, a growing provincial city located in the Bay of Plenty region, New Zealand. By focusing on the implementation of the revised New Zealand Curriculum and the inaugural changes to the National Certificate in Educational Achievement (NCEA) Level 1 qualification in 2011, this research examines the extent of parental understanding and the effectiveness of current home-school communication practices.
 
The findings reveal that current home-school communication processes and practices are largely ineffective with this parent group, and highlight the disparity between high parental expectations and the rudimentary knowledge that they hold. A thematic analysis corroborates empirical data with academic rationale, and highlights an extensive language barrier, unrecognised cultural aspects of communication, inaccurate knowledge from alternative sources of information, and potentially conflicting worldviews of education.

A strategic leadership vision, along with a multifaceted commitment to action, is required to adopt approaches to home-school communication which facilitate effective communication, as well as the inclusion and integration of Asian immigrant parents as legitimate and recognised members of the school community. This study recommends the provision of multi-lingual resources for parents, ethnic-specific parent meetings, a formal liaison and advocacy role, and the development of ethnic community links to enhance home-school communication practices.
 
The discussion concludes with an epilogue, which outlines an ethnic-specific Korean parent meeting and demonstrates the practical application of recommendations contained within the study.

year: 2012

title: Street health: Practitioner service provision for Māori homeless people in Auckland

authors: Nikora, Linda Waimarie

abstract: Homelessness is more than a transient crisis. While access to housing might solve the needs of some, research has shown that the needs of homeless people are much more complex and more a symptom of systematic structural inequalities than an unanticipated emergency (Hopper, 1998). As in other countries, the homeless population in New Zealand is made up of a diverse population of men, women and intersex groups of various ages, sexualities and ethnic backgrounds. Māori are over-represented among this population due to ongoing processes of colonisation and socioeconomic exclusion (Groot et al., 2011). When compared with domiciled citizens, homeless people are more likely to experience a raft of illnesses and unmet health needs, violence, a sense of insecurity, exclusion and fear, and are more likely to commit sui- cide (Hodgetts et al., 2007). Homeless people often experience diverse ill- nesses including asthma, heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis, renal disease, dermatological conditions, malnutrition, oral disease, depression, schizo- phrenia, substance misuse and broken bones (Ellison-Loschmann & Pearce, 2006; Joly et al., 2011; Moore et al., 2007).

text: Street health: Practitioner service provision for Māori homeless people in Auckland Homelessness is more than a transient crisis. While access to housing might solve the needs of some, research has shown that the needs of homeless people are much more complex and more a symptom of systematic structural inequalities than an unanticipated emergency (Hopper, 1998). As in other countries, the homeless population in New Zealand is made up of a diverse population of men, women and intersex groups of various ages, sexualities and ethnic backgrounds. Māori are over-represented among this population due to ongoing processes of colonisation and socioeconomic exclusion (Groot et al., 2011). When compared with domiciled citizens, homeless people are more likely to experience a raft of illnesses and unmet health needs, violence, a sense of insecurity, exclusion and fear, and are more likely to commit sui- cide (Hodgetts et al., 2007). Homeless people often experience diverse ill- nesses including asthma, heart disease, diabetes, hepatitis, renal disease, dermatological conditions, malnutrition, oral disease, depression, schizo- phrenia, substance misuse and broken bones (Ellison-Loschmann & Pearce, 2006; Joly et al., 2011; Moore et al., 2007).

year: 2016