title: A pepstatin-insensitive aspartic proteinase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp.

authors: Toogood, Helen S.

subjects: biology

abstract: Bacillus sp. strain Wp22.A1 produced a cell-associated aspartic proteinase which was purified to homogeneity using phenyl-Sepharose (hydrophobic and affinity chromatography) and Mono Q. The proteinase has a molecular mass of 45 kDa by SDS/PAGE and a pI of 3.8. It is insensitive to pepstatin, but is sensitive to the other aspartic proteinase-specific inhibitors diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN) and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane. Inactivation by DAN was only partial, suggesting that it had non-specifically modified an aspartate residue at a site other than the active site. The enzyme was not inhibited by any of the serine or cysteine proteinase inhibitors tested. Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at pH 3.5. The proteinase had a higher activity with haemoglobin, but was more specific (Vmax./Km) for cytochrome c. Substrate inhibition was observed with both these substrates. The cleavage of oxidized insulin B chain tended to occur at sites where the P1 amino acid was bulky and non-polar, and the P1' amino acid was bulky and polar, such as its primary cleavage site of Val2-Asn3. The proteinase was stable in the pH range 2.5-5.5. Thermostability was increased in the presence of Ca2+, although to a lesser extent at higher temperatures. The thermostabilities at 60, 70, 80 and 90 degrees C were 45 h, 102, 21 and 3 min respectively in the presence of Ca2+.

text: A pepstatin-insensitive aspartic proteinase from a thermophilic Bacillus sp. Bacillus sp. strain Wp22.A1 produced a cell-associated aspartic proteinase which was purified to homogeneity using phenyl-Sepharose (hydrophobic and affinity chromatography) and Mono Q. The proteinase has a molecular mass of 45 kDa by SDS/PAGE and a pI of 3.8. It is insensitive to pepstatin, but is sensitive to the other aspartic proteinase-specific inhibitors diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester (DAN) and 1,2-epoxy-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)propane. Inactivation by DAN was only partial, suggesting that it had non-specifically modified an aspartate residue at a site other than the active site. The enzyme was not inhibited by any of the serine or cysteine proteinase inhibitors tested. Maximum proteolytic activity was observed at pH 3.5. The proteinase had a higher activity with haemoglobin, but was more specific (Vmax./Km) for cytochrome c. Substrate inhibition was observed with both these substrates. The cleavage of oxidized insulin B chain tended to occur at sites where the P1 amino acid was bulky and non-polar, and the P1' amino acid was bulky and polar, such as its primary cleavage site of Val2-Asn3. The proteinase was stable in the pH range 2.5-5.5. Thermostability was increased in the presence of Ca2+, although to a lesser extent at higher temperatures. The thermostabilities at 60, 70, 80 and 90 degrees C were 45 h, 102, 21 and 3 min respectively in the presence of Ca2+.

year: 1995

title: Geografias do Corpo, Amor e Desejo: Uma Entrevista com Lynda Johnston (Geographies of the Body, Love and Desire: An Interview with Lynda Johnston)

authors: Maria Silva, Joseli

abstract: Lynda  Johnston’s  scientific  trajectory  has  impacted  the  global human geography, Brazil included. For some time, this geographer has  influenced  the  research  developed  by  the  Group  of  territorial studies at the State University of Ponta Grossa. Therefore,interviewing this important, geographer, feminist and queer rsearcher  is  a  great  honor  for  our  group. We  are  honored  to  haveher with us at the Revista Latino­-americana de Geografia e Gênero (Geography  and  Gender  Latin American  Journal),  not  only  for  her capability  and  contribution  to  the  development  of  geography,  but also for admiring her being and way of acting for the dismantling of social inequalities and hierarchies. The combination of her intellectual  competence  and sensitive  and humanitarian character makes Lynda Johnston one of the brightest minds in the contemporary human geography.

text: Geografias do Corpo, Amor e Desejo: Uma Entrevista com Lynda Johnston (Geographies of the Body, Love and Desire: An Interview with Lynda Johnston) Lynda  Johnston’s  scientific  trajectory  has  impacted  the  global human geography, Brazil included. For some time, this geographer has  influenced  the  research  developed  by  the  Group  of  territorial studies at the State University of Ponta Grossa. Therefore,interviewing this important, geographer, feminist and queer rsearcher  is  a  great  honor  for  our  group. We  are  honored  to  haveher with us at the Revista Latino­-americana de Geografia e Gênero (Geography  and  Gender  Latin American  Journal),  not  only  for  her capability  and  contribution  to  the  development  of  geography,  but also for admiring her being and way of acting for the dismantling of social inequalities and hierarchies. The combination of her intellectual  competence  and sensitive  and humanitarian character makes Lynda Johnston one of the brightest minds in the contemporary human geography.

year: 2021-10-15

title: Waikirikiri Marae: Shared experiences of the wharemate

authors: Rua, Hare

subjects: Māori

abstract: In Te Urewera, wharemate (shelters in which the deceased receive their final farewells) have traditionally been temporary structures. In the 1980s, a new practice was introduced in the Ruātoki valley with the erection of permanent wharemate facilities. One was erected at Waikirikiri marae (tribal meeting grounds and associated buildings) in 1989. Knowledge and discussion regarding wharemate at Waikirikiri marae have changed over the years, and a whole generation has not been fortunate enough to experience tikanga (correct procedures, customary practices) that prevailed prior to the introduction of the permanent wharemate building that is there today. These changes are recorded in this paper through the shared stories of three kaumātua (elders) from Waikirikiri.

This paper is a summary of Hare Rua’s thesis study, the data for which was collected in 2009. This work forms part of the Tangi Research Programme, a collaboration between the School of Māori and Pacific Development and the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

text: Waikirikiri Marae: Shared experiences of the wharemate In Te Urewera, wharemate (shelters in which the deceased receive their final farewells) have traditionally been temporary structures. In the 1980s, a new practice was introduced in the Ruātoki valley with the erection of permanent wharemate facilities. One was erected at Waikirikiri marae (tribal meeting grounds and associated buildings) in 1989. Knowledge and discussion regarding wharemate at Waikirikiri marae have changed over the years, and a whole generation has not been fortunate enough to experience tikanga (correct procedures, customary practices) that prevailed prior to the introduction of the permanent wharemate building that is there today. These changes are recorded in this paper through the shared stories of three kaumātua (elders) from Waikirikiri.

This paper is a summary of Hare Rua’s thesis study, the data for which was collected in 2009. This work forms part of the Tangi Research Programme, a collaboration between the School of Māori and Pacific Development and the Māori and Psychology Research Unit at The University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand.

year: 2010