title: E Toru Ngā Reo: A Case Study of a Spanish Language Programme in a Kura Kaupapa Māori

authors: Flavell, William

subjects: Kaupapa Maori Research

abstract: Learning Languages is a new area in the 2007 New Zealand Curriculum.  However there have not been many studies in this subject.  Kura Kaupapa Māori, established in 1985 in New Zealand with over 6,000 students currently attending, have English language programmes (Hill, 2010), however few, if any, studies of the teaching of other languages have been conducted.  The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an additional international language programme at a Kura Kaupapa Māori.

This qualitative case study describes the views of the Principal, five teachers, five students and three parents of a Kura Kaupapa Māori about an additional Spanish language programme. The primary means of gathering data was through individual semi-structured interviews.  Interviews were used to collect data in the areas of identifying the attitudes of the participants towards learning an additional international language, the perceived benefits, if any, of learning an additional international language and if there is a relationship between the learning of an  additional international language, and Kaupapa Māori.  The narrative data was transcribed, coded and categorised into four themes related to the research questions.  

 The success of this Spanish language programme can be understood in terms of several factors such as whānau support, programme leadership, quality teachers, international excursions and positive attitudes to foreign language learning.  

These findings will contribute to literature concerning additional language learning programmes, specifically those based in indigenous language immersion settings and they will also provide useful information and ideas which other Kura Kaupapa Māori can take advantage of when implementing additional international language learning programmes.

text: E Toru Ngā Reo: A Case Study of a Spanish Language Programme in a Kura Kaupapa Māori Learning Languages is a new area in the 2007 New Zealand Curriculum.  However there have not been many studies in this subject.  Kura Kaupapa Māori, established in 1985 in New Zealand with over 6,000 students currently attending, have English language programmes (Hill, 2010), however few, if any, studies of the teaching of other languages have been conducted.  The purpose of this study was to describe and evaluate an additional international language programme at a Kura Kaupapa Māori.

This qualitative case study describes the views of the Principal, five teachers, five students and three parents of a Kura Kaupapa Māori about an additional Spanish language programme. The primary means of gathering data was through individual semi-structured interviews.  Interviews were used to collect data in the areas of identifying the attitudes of the participants towards learning an additional international language, the perceived benefits, if any, of learning an additional international language and if there is a relationship between the learning of an  additional international language, and Kaupapa Māori.  The narrative data was transcribed, coded and categorised into four themes related to the research questions.  

 The success of this Spanish language programme can be understood in terms of several factors such as whānau support, programme leadership, quality teachers, international excursions and positive attitudes to foreign language learning.  

These findings will contribute to literature concerning additional language learning programmes, specifically those based in indigenous language immersion settings and they will also provide useful information and ideas which other Kura Kaupapa Māori can take advantage of when implementing additional international language learning programmes.

year: 2012

title: Personality and Representation in Environmental Law

authors: Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor

abstract: Jorge Vinuales from the University of Cambridge observed in his working paper on “Law and the Anthropocene” that law is founded on a series of core concepts, such as, “legal personality, representation, obligation, debt, causality or damage” (CEENRG Working Papers 2016- 4, page 49). This led him to note that a “significant problem” faced by environmental law is how to flesh out these core concepts in relation to the protection of the environment (page 53). For example, should we regard natural resources (e.g. rivers or mountains) as “subjects” of environmental law with their “own interests and capacity to act (through representation)”, or merely as the “objects” of environmental law – to be protected either “directly” as specific natural resources, or “indirectly” via the protection of the environment generally (page 53). This article interrogates these perspectives by reference to recent New Zealand developments.

text: Personality and Representation in Environmental Law Jorge Vinuales from the University of Cambridge observed in his working paper on “Law and the Anthropocene” that law is founded on a series of core concepts, such as, “legal personality, representation, obligation, debt, causality or damage” (CEENRG Working Papers 2016- 4, page 49). This led him to note that a “significant problem” faced by environmental law is how to flesh out these core concepts in relation to the protection of the environment (page 53). For example, should we regard natural resources (e.g. rivers or mountains) as “subjects” of environmental law with their “own interests and capacity to act (through representation)”, or merely as the “objects” of environmental law – to be protected either “directly” as specific natural resources, or “indirectly” via the protection of the environment generally (page 53). This article interrogates these perspectives by reference to recent New Zealand developments.

year: 2018-02-06

title: The chemistry of Pseudocyphellaria impressa S. Lat. in New Zealand

authors: Wilkins, Alistair L.

abstract: As part of a detailed study of the nomenclature and taxonomy of the New Zealand
species of Pseudocyphellaria it has been noted that the chemistry of the P. impressa
(Hook & Taylor) Vainio aggregate, that is species with a markedly faveolate (honeycomb-
like) upper surface and a green algal phycobiont, is particularly complex.
The 45 lichen substances detected fall into four distinct groupings, here designated
as 'Codings'. The aim of this contribution is to investigate suitable methods for
revealing this chemical assemblage by t.l.c. and, as far as is currently possible, to
identify the range of substances. No conscious attempt is made to assign the four
chemical Codings to particular taxa or species groupings; the taxonomy of the
group will be discussed elsewhere. The four Codings proved to be remarkably
uniform and constant considering the range and number of substances involved;
such variation that occurred was only in the presence and concentration of accessory
substances.
Although this work only concerns New Zealand material, similar patterns occur
in related taxa of the group present in southern South America, south-east Australia
and Tasmania.

text: The chemistry of Pseudocyphellaria impressa S. Lat. in New Zealand As part of a detailed study of the nomenclature and taxonomy of the New Zealand
species of Pseudocyphellaria it has been noted that the chemistry of the P. impressa
(Hook & Taylor) Vainio aggregate, that is species with a markedly faveolate (honeycomb-
like) upper surface and a green algal phycobiont, is particularly complex.
The 45 lichen substances detected fall into four distinct groupings, here designated
as 'Codings'. The aim of this contribution is to investigate suitable methods for
revealing this chemical assemblage by t.l.c. and, as far as is currently possible, to
identify the range of substances. No conscious attempt is made to assign the four
chemical Codings to particular taxa or species groupings; the taxonomy of the
group will be discussed elsewhere. The four Codings proved to be remarkably
uniform and constant considering the range and number of substances involved;
such variation that occurred was only in the presence and concentration of accessory
substances.
Although this work only concerns New Zealand material, similar patterns occur
in related taxa of the group present in southern South America, south-east Australia
and Tasmania.

year: 1979