title: Incentivising change in the Lake Rotorua catchment

authors: Grayling, Anna

abstract: Anna Grayling is the Rotorua Lakes Business Manager for Bay of Plenty Regional Council. After completing a Bachelor of Law and a Bachelor of Sciences at the University of Waikato, Anna’s career began as an ecological consultant. Following this role, Anna spent five years in planning and policy for both the district and regional councils. For the last five years Anna has been dedicated to the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes Programme. She is now the project lead for the Incentive Fund Development for land-use change in the Lake Rotorua catchment.
Alastair MacCormick has worked as a Lakes Restoration Officer with the Bay of Plenty Regional Council since 2007. His primary function has been the implementation of nutrient discharge limits under Rule 11. An experienced user of the Overseer nutrient budgeting software, and with broad knowledge of farming systems in the catchment, he also provides information and advice on the issues and complications associated with nutrient accounting.

text: Incentivising change in the Lake Rotorua catchment Anna Grayling is the Rotorua Lakes Business Manager for Bay of Plenty Regional Council. After completing a Bachelor of Law and a Bachelor of Sciences at the University of Waikato, Anna’s career began as an ecological consultant. Following this role, Anna spent five years in planning and policy for both the district and regional councils. For the last five years Anna has been dedicated to the Rotorua Te Arawa Lakes Programme. She is now the project lead for the Incentive Fund Development for land-use change in the Lake Rotorua catchment.
Alastair MacCormick has worked as a Lakes Restoration Officer with the Bay of Plenty Regional Council since 2007. His primary function has been the implementation of nutrient discharge limits under Rule 11. An experienced user of the Overseer nutrient budgeting software, and with broad knowledge of farming systems in the catchment, he also provides information and advice on the issues and complications associated with nutrient accounting.

year: 2013

title: River Co-management and Planning in the Waikato: An Analysis of Regional and District Plans and Regional Policy Statement Compliance, and a New Approach to Plan Preparation

authors: den Ouden, Hester

subjects: co-management

abstract: The Waikato River is one of New Zealand most significant rivers.  It is an ancestor to one Iwi, significant to four other Iwi generates most of the country’s hydroelectricity and provides large amount of potable water to municipalities.
In 2010 and 2012 three Acts of parliament established the framework for the restoration and protection of the Waikato River Catchment.  It did so in three ways.  The River Co-Management Legislation (RCML) has significantly added to the policy framework under the Resource Management Act 1991 for the Waikato Regional and six Districts.  It introduced the requirement for co-management of decision-making at policy and regulatory approvals, and established the Waikato River Authority which manages a $270 million Clean-Up fund.
This research outlines the provisions of the three statutes that comprise the RCML, how legislation changed the hierarchy of the planning framework, and identifies areas where improvements could be made.  
The RCML introduces a ‘Vision and Strategy’ as a National Policy Statement for the area of the region within the Waikato River Catchment.  The ‘Vision and Strategy’ comprises 13 statements that are the Vision and 12 statements that are the strategy, collectively referred to as stratagems.  The research assesses each plan and policy statement within the Waikato River catchment to determine the nature and level of incorporation of the 25 stratagems of ‘Vision and Strategy’.
A new approach in planning is the requirement for the use of Maatauranga Maaori along with western science, the Māori and western science worldviews.  These worldviews are discussed.  Three Models that use Maatauranga Maaori principles are described.  The purpose of this has been to begin a discussion on the basis of another perspective in future plan and policy making that included better provisions based on the Maatauranga Maaori worldview.
The Planning Under a Co-operative Mandate (PUCM) project assisted in identify criteria against which to assess the regional and district plans and regional policy statement, their quality, comprehensiveness of inclusion of the ‘Vision and Strategy’ stratagems, and the required cascading nature of Objective policies and methods that are contain in the plans and regional policy statement.   
Key findings were that the provisions or inclusion of the ‘Vision and Strategy’ Stratagems was mixed, high in the case of scientifically quantifiable matters and poor and non-existent where matters to be included were less able to be quantified and qualified in a western science worldview.  The strengths and weakness of including the ‘Vision and Strategy’ Stratagems varied and the strength of that inclusion was identified.
A consequential finding was the overall quality of the plans themselves.  The first PUCM report to government in 2001 on plan quality, scored all six districts and regional plans below 50%.  Using PUCM project criteria to assess the degree to which the Stratagems were included in the plans in 2016 showed a similar result.  The consequential findings also found confusion over the nature of good objective, policy and method drafting.  It also found significant lack of cascading from objectives through policies to methods.

text: River Co-management and Planning in the Waikato: An Analysis of Regional and District Plans and Regional Policy Statement Compliance, and a New Approach to Plan Preparation The Waikato River is one of New Zealand most significant rivers.  It is an ancestor to one Iwi, significant to four other Iwi generates most of the country’s hydroelectricity and provides large amount of potable water to municipalities.
In 2010 and 2012 three Acts of parliament established the framework for the restoration and protection of the Waikato River Catchment.  It did so in three ways.  The River Co-Management Legislation (RCML) has significantly added to the policy framework under the Resource Management Act 1991 for the Waikato Regional and six Districts.  It introduced the requirement for co-management of decision-making at policy and regulatory approvals, and established the Waikato River Authority which manages a $270 million Clean-Up fund.
This research outlines the provisions of the three statutes that comprise the RCML, how legislation changed the hierarchy of the planning framework, and identifies areas where improvements could be made.  
The RCML introduces a ‘Vision and Strategy’ as a National Policy Statement for the area of the region within the Waikato River Catchment.  The ‘Vision and Strategy’ comprises 13 statements that are the Vision and 12 statements that are the strategy, collectively referred to as stratagems.  The research assesses each plan and policy statement within the Waikato River catchment to determine the nature and level of incorporation of the 25 stratagems of ‘Vision and Strategy’.
A new approach in planning is the requirement for the use of Maatauranga Maaori along with western science, the Māori and western science worldviews.  These worldviews are discussed.  Three Models that use Maatauranga Maaori principles are described.  The purpose of this has been to begin a discussion on the basis of another perspective in future plan and policy making that included better provisions based on the Maatauranga Maaori worldview.
The Planning Under a Co-operative Mandate (PUCM) project assisted in identify criteria against which to assess the regional and district plans and regional policy statement, their quality, comprehensiveness of inclusion of the ‘Vision and Strategy’ stratagems, and the required cascading nature of Objective policies and methods that are contain in the plans and regional policy statement.   
Key findings were that the provisions or inclusion of the ‘Vision and Strategy’ Stratagems was mixed, high in the case of scientifically quantifiable matters and poor and non-existent where matters to be included were less able to be quantified and qualified in a western science worldview.  The strengths and weakness of including the ‘Vision and Strategy’ Stratagems varied and the strength of that inclusion was identified.
A consequential finding was the overall quality of the plans themselves.  The first PUCM report to government in 2001 on plan quality, scored all six districts and regional plans below 50%.  Using PUCM project criteria to assess the degree to which the Stratagems were included in the plans in 2016 showed a similar result.  The consequential findings also found confusion over the nature of good objective, policy and method drafting.  It also found significant lack of cascading from objectives through policies to methods.

year: 2017

title: Development of a cave auto-sampler

authors: Jangali, Rahul Siddhartha

subjects: auto-sampler

abstract: Researchers at the University of Waikato visit caves on a periodic basis to collect samples of drip water, which over geological time frames form stalagmites and other formations. However, most caves are remotely located, which makes it an arduous task to reach the study site and is economically infeasible for frequent visits. This thesis presents the development of an autonomous cave autosampler deployable inside caves for extended periods to collect drip water and log the atmospheric conditions such as temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide.
The auto-sampler is developed from two various aspects. Firstly, the collection and storage mechanism. Secondly, control systems, power management, and data logging. The sample drip water is collected from a positioned funnel and stored in an airtight 20ml sample vial through a syringe needle; a new sample vial comes into position on a weekly basis. A carousel styled turntable is designed to store fifty 20 ml sample vials in the minimum possible size. The sample vial position on the turntable is controlled by a stepper motor to maintain precise position relative to the syringe needle. Acrylic is selected as the primary material to reduce weight. Temperature, pressure and carbon dioxide readings are logged during switching operations. The electronics on the auto-sampler are turned off in an idle state, and the Arduino microcontroller is put into sleep mode to minimize power consumption.
The auto-sampler has been tested in lab conditions extensively for position control, power consumption and overall performance. During position control testing, the sample vials made it to the desired position relative to the syringe position on most of the cycles. There are few minor issue which a affects the consistency of the auto-samplers operation such as back play in the linear actuator and flexing of the turntable during piercing of the sample. Based on a 50 week deployment, the auto-sampler has an energy requirement of 113.6Ah.

text: Development of a cave auto-sampler Researchers at the University of Waikato visit caves on a periodic basis to collect samples of drip water, which over geological time frames form stalagmites and other formations. However, most caves are remotely located, which makes it an arduous task to reach the study site and is economically infeasible for frequent visits. This thesis presents the development of an autonomous cave autosampler deployable inside caves for extended periods to collect drip water and log the atmospheric conditions such as temperature, pressure, and carbon dioxide.
The auto-sampler is developed from two various aspects. Firstly, the collection and storage mechanism. Secondly, control systems, power management, and data logging. The sample drip water is collected from a positioned funnel and stored in an airtight 20ml sample vial through a syringe needle; a new sample vial comes into position on a weekly basis. A carousel styled turntable is designed to store fifty 20 ml sample vials in the minimum possible size. The sample vial position on the turntable is controlled by a stepper motor to maintain precise position relative to the syringe needle. Acrylic is selected as the primary material to reduce weight. Temperature, pressure and carbon dioxide readings are logged during switching operations. The electronics on the auto-sampler are turned off in an idle state, and the Arduino microcontroller is put into sleep mode to minimize power consumption.
The auto-sampler has been tested in lab conditions extensively for position control, power consumption and overall performance. During position control testing, the sample vials made it to the desired position relative to the syringe position on most of the cycles. There are few minor issue which a affects the consistency of the auto-samplers operation such as back play in the linear actuator and flexing of the turntable during piercing of the sample. Based on a 50 week deployment, the auto-sampler has an energy requirement of 113.6Ah.

year: 2018