title: The international law gaze: Marshall Island v United Kingdom

authors: Alvarez-Jimenez, Alberto

abstract: The International Court of Justice recently bowed to nuclear weapons States and disappointed the rest of the international community. Forty-two years after the Court’s astonishing decision in declaring the dispute on nuclear tests between New Zealand and France terminated (Nuclear Test Case (New Zealand v. France), [1974] I.C.J. Rep. 458, at [54]), a new chapter on the reluctance of the Court to deal with nuclear weapons took place in its judgment of 5 October 2016 on Preliminary Objections in Obligations Concerning Negotiations Relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v United Kingdom). There, the Court declared that it lacked jurisdiction, since there was no dispute between the parties. (Marshall Islands v UK, at [59]).

text: The international law gaze: Marshall Island v United Kingdom The International Court of Justice recently bowed to nuclear weapons States and disappointed the rest of the international community. Forty-two years after the Court’s astonishing decision in declaring the dispute on nuclear tests between New Zealand and France terminated (Nuclear Test Case (New Zealand v. France), [1974] I.C.J. Rep. 458, at [54]), a new chapter on the reluctance of the Court to deal with nuclear weapons took place in its judgment of 5 October 2016 on Preliminary Objections in Obligations Concerning Negotiations Relating to Cessation of the Nuclear Arms Race and to Nuclear Disarmament (Marshall Islands v United Kingdom). There, the Court declared that it lacked jurisdiction, since there was no dispute between the parties. (Marshall Islands v UK, at [59]).

year: 2017

title: Indonesia-PNG Border Security

authors: Norotouw, Pascal

abstract: The field of international relations and security studies is among the most dynamic and challenging aspects of politics. Relationship between states depend on various factors such as politics, economic cooperation and socio-cultural partnerships. Despite the growing interdependency between states through the means of bilateral, multilateral or regionalism, security issues have remained to play a vital role in determining their level of cooperation and coexistence. This qualitative research entitled: Indonesia-PNG Border security, underlines Indonesia and PNG’s foreign policy while addressing the impacts of Papuan separatism on the 750km border. The relationship of Indonesia and PNG has remained cordial and robust over the years, however the existence of the Papuan conflict has often threatened to destabilize mutual understandings between the parties. 
The findings specify that the issue of Papuan separatism is one the sensitive and complicated political and cultural problems of the modern era. The sensitivity that lies behind the Papuan separatism issue has often caused difficulties to Indonesia and PNG policy makers. Border policies are designed to obtain the state objectives; however, cultural aspects have always benefited the third party (OPM) in their existence along the border. Subsequently, the Papuan autonomy has allowed for the acknowledgment of Papuan’s cultural rights. Moreover, the Papuan separatism has managed to gain support from many external parties. The growing participation of external parties have triggered internal security concern. This study indicates that the Papuan separatism issue will remain to influence Indonesia-PNG border security in the years to come. The designing of border policies should focus and encourage more on building trust as means of overcoming misunderstanding. More cooperation between all relative authorities such as the CIQS is vital to maintain a good and favorable a relationship.

text: Indonesia-PNG Border Security The field of international relations and security studies is among the most dynamic and challenging aspects of politics. Relationship between states depend on various factors such as politics, economic cooperation and socio-cultural partnerships. Despite the growing interdependency between states through the means of bilateral, multilateral or regionalism, security issues have remained to play a vital role in determining their level of cooperation and coexistence. This qualitative research entitled: Indonesia-PNG Border security, underlines Indonesia and PNG’s foreign policy while addressing the impacts of Papuan separatism on the 750km border. The relationship of Indonesia and PNG has remained cordial and robust over the years, however the existence of the Papuan conflict has often threatened to destabilize mutual understandings between the parties. 
The findings specify that the issue of Papuan separatism is one the sensitive and complicated political and cultural problems of the modern era. The sensitivity that lies behind the Papuan separatism issue has often caused difficulties to Indonesia and PNG policy makers. Border policies are designed to obtain the state objectives; however, cultural aspects have always benefited the third party (OPM) in their existence along the border. Subsequently, the Papuan autonomy has allowed for the acknowledgment of Papuan’s cultural rights. Moreover, the Papuan separatism has managed to gain support from many external parties. The growing participation of external parties have triggered internal security concern. This study indicates that the Papuan separatism issue will remain to influence Indonesia-PNG border security in the years to come. The designing of border policies should focus and encourage more on building trust as means of overcoming misunderstanding. More cooperation between all relative authorities such as the CIQS is vital to maintain a good and favorable a relationship.

year: 2017

title: Environmental ethics in a New Zealand context

authors: Gunn, Alastair S.

subjects: environmental ethics

abstract: Environmental ethics has many strands and roots but there is increasing for a holistic approach. Such an approach, which is consistent with te ao Maori and tikanga Maori, is especially appropriate for New Zealand.

text: Environmental ethics in a New Zealand context Environmental ethics has many strands and roots but there is increasing for a holistic approach. Such an approach, which is consistent with te ao Maori and tikanga Maori, is especially appropriate for New Zealand.

year: 2007