title: Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region

authors: Balks, Megan R.

subjects: Antarctica

abstract: Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P<0.05), sometimes by more than 10°C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites.

text: Effects of hydrocarbon spills on the temperature and moisture regimes of Cryosols in the Ross Sea region Hydrocarbon spills have occurred on Antarctic soils where fuel oils are utilized, moved or stored. We investigated the effects of hydrocarbon spills on soil temperature and moisture regimes by comparing the properties of existing oil contaminated sites with those of nearby, uncontaminated, control sites at Scott Base, the old Marble Point camp, and Bull Pass in the Wright Valley. Hydrocarbon levels were elevated in fuel-contaminated samples. Climate stations were installed at all three locations in both contaminated and control sites. In summer at Scott Base and Marble Point the mean weekly maximum near surface (2 cm and 5 cm depth) soil temperatures were warmer (P<0.05), sometimes by more than 10°C, at the contaminated site than the control sites. At Bull Pass there were no statistically significant differences in near-surface soil temperatures between contaminated and control soils. At the Scott Base and Marble Point sites soil albedo was lower, and hydrophobicity was higher, in the contaminated soils than the controls. The higher temperatures at the Scott Base and Marble Point hydrocarbon contaminated sites are attributed to the decreased surface albedo due to soil surface darkening by hydrocarbons. There were no noteworthy differences in moisture retention between contaminated and control sites.

year: 2002

title: Pedagogies of kindness for student completion, retention, and wellbeing

authors: Weijers, Dan M.

abstract: Participants will hear reasons and small scale evidence for being very supportive to students in the way they communicate with them, especially around late assignments.

text: Pedagogies of kindness for student completion, retention, and wellbeing Participants will hear reasons and small scale evidence for being very supportive to students in the way they communicate with them, especially around late assignments.

year: 2023-11-27

title: A cohort history of mortality in New Zealand

authors: Pool, Ian

abstract: This paper uses the generational life tables to track historical mortality experience for New Zealand Pakeha and Māori. The key research questions we seek to explore concern with why was Pakeha life expectation so high so early, and why did this survival advantage disappeared by the mid 20th century and what has happened since? For the Māori population what was the impact of contact on Māori mortality, what were the changes that have occurred and why, and what has happened to Māori mortality recently? A key finding from the cohort mortality analysis is that gains in survivorship have momentum effects that propel this advantage forward as survivors move up through the age-groups. That said, however, periods of gain may be followed later by cohort deterioration occurring among the same generations later in their life cycle, and even by further cycles of reprise and deterioration. These cycles of gain, deterioration, reprise etc are more evident for males, and particularly for Māori. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.

text: A cohort history of mortality in New Zealand This paper uses the generational life tables to track historical mortality experience for New Zealand Pakeha and Māori. The key research questions we seek to explore concern with why was Pakeha life expectation so high so early, and why did this survival advantage disappeared by the mid 20th century and what has happened since? For the Māori population what was the impact of contact on Māori mortality, what were the changes that have occurred and why, and what has happened to Māori mortality recently? A key finding from the cohort mortality analysis is that gains in survivorship have momentum effects that propel this advantage forward as survivors move up through the age-groups. That said, however, periods of gain may be followed later by cohort deterioration occurring among the same generations later in their life cycle, and even by further cycles of reprise and deterioration. These cycles of gain, deterioration, reprise etc are more evident for males, and particularly for Māori. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.

year: 2003