title: Investigation of exhaust chamber resonance for single-cylinder Formula SAE based engines

authors: van Harselaar, Jonathan

abstract: Noise pollution is a factor that affects many people in their day to day lives. One of the more prevalent forms of noise is generated from passenger vehicles. With this in mind, vehicle manufacturers design and stringently test their mufflers that are bound for vehicles to ensure they provide the optimum characteristics needed to lower noise to suitable levels. In addition, these manufacturers continue to be proactive in researching improved methods of the design and build aspects of their vehicles, so it is common to see large production companies sponsoring development and racing events. One such event is the Formula SAE competition.
This competition series is aimed at university students who design, build, and race their vehicle against other universities globally. Formula SAE is designed to provide students with valuable experience in a range of topics as both static and dynamic events occur and are judged. Consequently, the competition has evolved into more than just a racing series, it also includes business presentations, costing reports, and design judging.
With more Formula SAE teams moving to single-cylinder engines, noise suppression is becoming an important issue from the exhaust noise characteristics of the large engines available today. As part of the competition, performance is judged based on set criteria for engine noise emissions at different engine speeds. Many teams struggle with this aspect of the competition, where a fail in this test commonly leads to crude forms of noise suppression being quickly added to the vehicle, which in turn usually results in lowering performance. If a team cannot pass the noise tests, then subsequently they are not allowed to enter any of the dynamic events.
This thesis aims to compare theoretical results with measured values for different configurations of exhaust chambers. Inline exhaust chambers have been selected as the topic of interest due to the low-frequency exhaust characteristics of single-cylinder engines suiting the attenuation characteristics of this style of silencing device. The outcome of this research should provide figures and values for future Formula SAE teams to work with in their initial muffler and chamber design. By having this data available, selection of correct parameters will be a more straight-forward process and should assist in building a muffler that will be more assured of passing noise tests at competition.

text: Investigation of exhaust chamber resonance for single-cylinder Formula SAE based engines Noise pollution is a factor that affects many people in their day to day lives. One of the more prevalent forms of noise is generated from passenger vehicles. With this in mind, vehicle manufacturers design and stringently test their mufflers that are bound for vehicles to ensure they provide the optimum characteristics needed to lower noise to suitable levels. In addition, these manufacturers continue to be proactive in researching improved methods of the design and build aspects of their vehicles, so it is common to see large production companies sponsoring development and racing events. One such event is the Formula SAE competition.
This competition series is aimed at university students who design, build, and race their vehicle against other universities globally. Formula SAE is designed to provide students with valuable experience in a range of topics as both static and dynamic events occur and are judged. Consequently, the competition has evolved into more than just a racing series, it also includes business presentations, costing reports, and design judging.
With more Formula SAE teams moving to single-cylinder engines, noise suppression is becoming an important issue from the exhaust noise characteristics of the large engines available today. As part of the competition, performance is judged based on set criteria for engine noise emissions at different engine speeds. Many teams struggle with this aspect of the competition, where a fail in this test commonly leads to crude forms of noise suppression being quickly added to the vehicle, which in turn usually results in lowering performance. If a team cannot pass the noise tests, then subsequently they are not allowed to enter any of the dynamic events.
This thesis aims to compare theoretical results with measured values for different configurations of exhaust chambers. Inline exhaust chambers have been selected as the topic of interest due to the low-frequency exhaust characteristics of single-cylinder engines suiting the attenuation characteristics of this style of silencing device. The outcome of this research should provide figures and values for future Formula SAE teams to work with in their initial muffler and chamber design. By having this data available, selection of correct parameters will be a more straight-forward process and should assist in building a muffler that will be more assured of passing noise tests at competition.

year: 2019

title: News of domestic violence: Journalistic imperatives in television news reporting of domestic violence

authors: Schott, Gareth R.

subjects: Domestic Violence

abstract: In 2018, a nationwide study of Pakistan (with a population of 207.7 million) found that at least 28 percent of women have experienced physical, sexual and/or emotional violence in domestic settings. With a posited high number of unreported incidents, domestic violence in Pakistan is considered prevalent in all social spheres. News coverage of domestic violence plays a central role in communicating the nature and extent of this major social problem and influencing understanding of its causes and consequences. Yet, in Pakistan, changing attitudes toward domestic violence is compounded by the presentation of crime news stories throug entertainment orientated rather than ‘solution-driven’ journalism (Khan et al., 2016). This research set out to form a better understanding of Pakistani television news journalists’ knowledge and understanding of domestic violence to gain insight into the way news channel currently address this social problem. The paper reports on interviews conducted with Pakistani news journalists (n = 11). All journalists identified physical abuse as a form of domestic violence while only half included emotional abuse in its scope. The issue of sexual abuse within a marriage was considered contentious and complicated topic especially in terms of whether it should be given news coverage. While domestic violence was conceptualized as a problem resulting from and maintained by Pakistan’s patriarchal social structures, in news reporting it was largely represented as incident based and minimal resources are set aside for its coverage.

text: News of domestic violence: Journalistic imperatives in television news reporting of domestic violence In 2018, a nationwide study of Pakistan (with a population of 207.7 million) found that at least 28 percent of women have experienced physical, sexual and/or emotional violence in domestic settings. With a posited high number of unreported incidents, domestic violence in Pakistan is considered prevalent in all social spheres. News coverage of domestic violence plays a central role in communicating the nature and extent of this major social problem and influencing understanding of its causes and consequences. Yet, in Pakistan, changing attitudes toward domestic violence is compounded by the presentation of crime news stories throug entertainment orientated rather than ‘solution-driven’ journalism (Khan et al., 2016). This research set out to form a better understanding of Pakistani television news journalists’ knowledge and understanding of domestic violence to gain insight into the way news channel currently address this social problem. The paper reports on interviews conducted with Pakistani news journalists (n = 11). All journalists identified physical abuse as a form of domestic violence while only half included emotional abuse in its scope. The issue of sexual abuse within a marriage was considered contentious and complicated topic especially in terms of whether it should be given news coverage. While domestic violence was conceptualized as a problem resulting from and maintained by Pakistan’s patriarchal social structures, in news reporting it was largely represented as incident based and minimal resources are set aside for its coverage.

year: 2021-05

title: ‘Indigenous Rights’ or ‘Racial Privileges’: The rhetoric of ‘race’ in New Zealand politics

authors: Barber, Keith

subjects: indigeneity

abstract: The New Zealand parliamentary election campaign of 2005 was marked by a significant break in the consensus between the two major political parties, Labour and National, in the area of Maori affairs: a consensus that had previously been articulated in terms of a shared commitment to 'biculturalism' and the Treaty of Waitangi. In January 2004, the National Party launched an attack on government policies, describing them as giving unfair privileges to Maori based purely on 'race'. The present paper examines the National Party's adoption of the rhetoric of 'race' and the conceptual, political and ideological considerations behind it. It also examines attitudinal, social policy and socioeconomic factors to explain the widespread acceptability of this rhetoric among the New Zealand public. These events are considered within the context of a growing academic and political critique of 'culturalism' in New Zealand social policy and social science.

text: ‘Indigenous Rights’ or ‘Racial Privileges’: The rhetoric of ‘race’ in New Zealand politics The New Zealand parliamentary election campaign of 2005 was marked by a significant break in the consensus between the two major political parties, Labour and National, in the area of Maori affairs: a consensus that had previously been articulated in terms of a shared commitment to 'biculturalism' and the Treaty of Waitangi. In January 2004, the National Party launched an attack on government policies, describing them as giving unfair privileges to Maori based purely on 'race'. The present paper examines the National Party's adoption of the rhetoric of 'race' and the conceptual, political and ideological considerations behind it. It also examines attitudinal, social policy and socioeconomic factors to explain the widespread acceptability of this rhetoric among the New Zealand public. These events are considered within the context of a growing academic and political critique of 'culturalism' in New Zealand social policy and social science.

year: 2008