title: Rotorua Geothermal Field - Management, Monitoring and Surface Features [Field Trip FT3]

authors: Cody, Ashley D.

abstract: We will depart Hamilton at 8 am and drive to Rotorua via Highways 1 and 5 across the Mamaku Plateau. We will met up with the trip leader, Ashley Cody at Kuirau Park at approximately 9.30 am. People should have old footwear and be prepared to walk thru damp or mud covered/dusty ground. We will walk around Kuirau Park; visiting in particular the 26/01/01 eruption site and out to Tarewa Road house sites impacted by resumed hot spring activity. Returning to the park area we will see instances of well casing failure, tree die-off, and ground subsidence problems in this part of the geothermal field.
We will then drive to the New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute, via the Hospital production and reinjection monitor wells. We will have lunch here where toilets are available, and it is an opportunity for field trip participants to wander around the institute viewing carvers and exploring the model Maori village.
After lunch we will walk to Geyser Flat in Whakarewarewa, then onto Waikite Geyser where hopefully we will see Pareia playing. Here we can examine in detail features of active hot spring systems and climb into an extinct geyser. From Whakarewarewa we will travel a short distance to the Forest Research Institute then onto the Rotoa- Tamaheke hot lake and springs. Time permitting we may be able to visit other features in this area. We are due back in Hamilton around 5.30 pm, requiring a departure from Rotorua at approximately 4 pm.

text: Rotorua Geothermal Field - Management, Monitoring and Surface Features [Field Trip FT3] We will depart Hamilton at 8 am and drive to Rotorua via Highways 1 and 5 across the Mamaku Plateau. We will met up with the trip leader, Ashley Cody at Kuirau Park at approximately 9.30 am. People should have old footwear and be prepared to walk thru damp or mud covered/dusty ground. We will walk around Kuirau Park; visiting in particular the 26/01/01 eruption site and out to Tarewa Road house sites impacted by resumed hot spring activity. Returning to the park area we will see instances of well casing failure, tree die-off, and ground subsidence problems in this part of the geothermal field.
We will then drive to the New Zealand Maori Arts and Crafts Institute, via the Hospital production and reinjection monitor wells. We will have lunch here where toilets are available, and it is an opportunity for field trip participants to wander around the institute viewing carvers and exploring the model Maori village.
After lunch we will walk to Geyser Flat in Whakarewarewa, then onto Waikite Geyser where hopefully we will see Pareia playing. Here we can examine in detail features of active hot spring systems and climb into an extinct geyser. From Whakarewarewa we will travel a short distance to the Forest Research Institute then onto the Rotoa- Tamaheke hot lake and springs. Time permitting we may be able to visit other features in this area. We are due back in Hamilton around 5.30 pm, requiring a departure from Rotorua at approximately 4 pm.

year: 2001

title: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Selected Local Labour Market Outcomes in New Zealand

authors: Cochrane, William

abstract: This thesis analyses several aspects of local labour market performance in New Zealand. Each of these aspects represents a different feature of the local labour market that together aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local labour markets respond to local or external shocks, taking spatial dependencies into account. The first aspect considered is the change in regional employment outcomes in New Zealand from the 1980’s to 2006. This is examined using shiftshare techniques supplemented by exploratory spatial data analysis. The analysis finds that in general, region specific factors were more important than industry structure in explaining total employment change in a region and that productivity and/or demand shocks spill over between regions. The relationship between homeownership and unemployment is the second aspect considered. Particularly, Oswald has argued that disparities in unemployment rates maybe attributable to differences in homeownership rates, higher homeownership rates being associated with higher unemployment rates. Using spatial panel models this claim is supported in the New Zealand context. The spatial estimation strategy adopted yields parameter estimates significantly lower than the standard fixed effects model. This indicates that in the non-spatial models some of the variation in regional unemployment rates has been incorrectly attributed to the explanatory variables rather than to the presence of some spatial spillover effects of unemployment across regions. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the extent to which the spatial-temporal variation in local labour market outcomes and social security benefit uptake can be linked to the composition of the local labour force. This is investigated using spatial seemingly unrelated regression. The results indicate that three factors in particular matter in the determination of labour market participation and social security benefit uptake: the age structure of the population, the past performance of the regional labour market and the proportion of solo parents. Lastly a simultaneous equations growth model of real income, population, land rent and public infrastructure investment is developed that allows the impact of local authority infrastructure spending in New Zealand to be assessed for the 1996-2006 period. The results of the estimation of this system of equations, using a spatial three stage least squares (3SLS) procedure, show that an increase in local infrastructure spending increases population growth, real income and land values, but is itself endogenous and spatially correlated.

text: A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Selected Local Labour Market Outcomes in New Zealand This thesis analyses several aspects of local labour market performance in New Zealand. Each of these aspects represents a different feature of the local labour market that together aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of how local labour markets respond to local or external shocks, taking spatial dependencies into account. The first aspect considered is the change in regional employment outcomes in New Zealand from the 1980’s to 2006. This is examined using shiftshare techniques supplemented by exploratory spatial data analysis. The analysis finds that in general, region specific factors were more important than industry structure in explaining total employment change in a region and that productivity and/or demand shocks spill over between regions. The relationship between homeownership and unemployment is the second aspect considered. Particularly, Oswald has argued that disparities in unemployment rates maybe attributable to differences in homeownership rates, higher homeownership rates being associated with higher unemployment rates. Using spatial panel models this claim is supported in the New Zealand context. The spatial estimation strategy adopted yields parameter estimates significantly lower than the standard fixed effects model. This indicates that in the non-spatial models some of the variation in regional unemployment rates has been incorrectly attributed to the explanatory variables rather than to the presence of some spatial spillover effects of unemployment across regions. Thirdly, the thesis investigates the extent to which the spatial-temporal variation in local labour market outcomes and social security benefit uptake can be linked to the composition of the local labour force. This is investigated using spatial seemingly unrelated regression. The results indicate that three factors in particular matter in the determination of labour market participation and social security benefit uptake: the age structure of the population, the past performance of the regional labour market and the proportion of solo parents. Lastly a simultaneous equations growth model of real income, population, land rent and public infrastructure investment is developed that allows the impact of local authority infrastructure spending in New Zealand to be assessed for the 1996-2006 period. The results of the estimation of this system of equations, using a spatial three stage least squares (3SLS) procedure, show that an increase in local infrastructure spending increases population growth, real income and land values, but is itself endogenous and spatially correlated.

year: 2011

title: Hangarau me te Māori: Māori and technology

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: Māori

abstract: A sign of a vibrant, healthy developing nation is the adaptation and uptake of new technologies. Māori have a long, but mostly unrecognised, history of ingenious innovation and adaption of new technologies. This chapter will reveal Māori ingenuity through discussion of historic examples and modern media usages by Māori, and the future implications these have for Māori.
Technology can be defined as tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of scientific knowledge. Māori technology, then, is Māori tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of Māori scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses some examples of innovative Māori technology and their adoption in both historic and modern times. It includes sections on historic Māori technology, Māori media innovation and Māori adoption of Internet technology. Two sections are further expanded on: Māori in social networking sites and te reo Māori in technology. The chapter concludes with the authors' thoughts on how the adoption of new technologies will shape tikanga Māori and te reo Māori into the future.

text: Hangarau me te Māori: Māori and technology A sign of a vibrant, healthy developing nation is the adaptation and uptake of new technologies. Māori have a long, but mostly unrecognised, history of ingenious innovation and adaption of new technologies. This chapter will reveal Māori ingenuity through discussion of historic examples and modern media usages by Māori, and the future implications these have for Māori.
Technology can be defined as tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of scientific knowledge. Māori technology, then, is Māori tools, devices and machines that have been developed by the application of Māori scientific knowledge. This chapter discusses some examples of innovative Māori technology and their adoption in both historic and modern times. It includes sections on historic Māori technology, Māori media innovation and Māori adoption of Internet technology. Two sections are further expanded on: Māori in social networking sites and te reo Māori in technology. The chapter concludes with the authors' thoughts on how the adoption of new technologies will shape tikanga Māori and te reo Māori into the future.

year: 2018