title: Climate change adaptation narratives: Linking climate knowledge and future thinking

authors: Coulter, Liese

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: Even in countries with high capacity to adapt to climate change, when future-oriented adaptation narratives are neither explicit nor common, climate knowledge may not be accessed, examined, or shared to support active adaptation. This research analyzed interviews with Australian and Canadian professionals who worked with climate change knowledge in research, policy, and practice to gauge in what way their climate knowledge was linked to autonomous adaptation in personal circles. Analysis combined a thematic approach and a novel Future Climate Narrative (FCN) typology informed by literature relating to Future Thinking, Climate Knowledge, and Narrative Communication. The results identified four main narratives: Distance, Vulnerability, Agency, and Change. Findings showed that where Change narratives were not commonly shared, little climate change knowledge was exchanged in personal circles, especially information that might increase a sense of danger; challenge the imagination; or present unfamiliar scenarios. This research shows that without future-oriented narratives supporting autonomous and community adaptation planning and practice, the benefits of currently high social adaptive capacity and relatively low vulnerability to climate change may not be realized through proactive adaptation. In developed nations where near-term, and in some cases unavoidable, climate change impacts are not commonly discussed, new Change narratives linking Climate Knowledge and Future Thinking are needed to reflect swiftly evolving climate change scenarios. In addition, lack of adaptation planning among well-informed professionals again challenges expectations that more and better climate change knowledge will directly increase adaptation behavior, irrespective of engagement in future thinking.

text: Climate change adaptation narratives: Linking climate knowledge and future thinking Even in countries with high capacity to adapt to climate change, when future-oriented adaptation narratives are neither explicit nor common, climate knowledge may not be accessed, examined, or shared to support active adaptation. This research analyzed interviews with Australian and Canadian professionals who worked with climate change knowledge in research, policy, and practice to gauge in what way their climate knowledge was linked to autonomous adaptation in personal circles. Analysis combined a thematic approach and a novel Future Climate Narrative (FCN) typology informed by literature relating to Future Thinking, Climate Knowledge, and Narrative Communication. The results identified four main narratives: Distance, Vulnerability, Agency, and Change. Findings showed that where Change narratives were not commonly shared, little climate change knowledge was exchanged in personal circles, especially information that might increase a sense of danger; challenge the imagination; or present unfamiliar scenarios. This research shows that without future-oriented narratives supporting autonomous and community adaptation planning and practice, the benefits of currently high social adaptive capacity and relatively low vulnerability to climate change may not be realized through proactive adaptation. In developed nations where near-term, and in some cases unavoidable, climate change impacts are not commonly discussed, new Change narratives linking Climate Knowledge and Future Thinking are needed to reflect swiftly evolving climate change scenarios. In addition, lack of adaptation planning among well-informed professionals again challenges expectations that more and better climate change knowledge will directly increase adaptation behavior, irrespective of engagement in future thinking.

year: 2019-08-01

title: Catchment and lake water quality modelling to assess management options for Lake Rerewhakaaitu

authors: Cho, Eunju

abstract: Lake Rerewhakaaitu in the Bay of Plenty Region of North Island, has one of the most intensively farmed lake catchments in New Zealand. Nitrate concentrations in two surface stream inflows to the lake show substantial and statistically significant increases, between 1995 and 2015, however, lake water quality has remained relatively stable. The lake is polymictic (i.e., it mixes frequently) and is partly perched, with an effective hydrological catchment of approximately 10% of the surface topographic catchment. We used the hydrodynamic-ecological model DYRESM-CAEDYM to examine the relationship between inflow quantity and quality, and lake water quality. A groundwater model (MODFLOW) provided groundwater discharge values from the hydrologically effective catchment, to the lake model (DYRESM-CAEDYM). The model successfully reproduced the magnitude and dynamics of field measurements, as evidenced by low statistical error. Based on a novel uncertainty analysis that allows for assessment of forcing factors that contribute to model error, a component of the statistical error was identified to be due to lake water level variations, which was attributed to ecological changes in the littoral (shallow-water) zone of the lake. The calibrated model was used with a set of scenarios to examine land use change within the effective hydrological catchment, as well as climate change. Establishment of the lake model was subject to several areas of substantial uncertainty, including derivation of stream inflows by statistical modelling (rather than direct observation), hydrological uncertainty with regard to drainage pathways in the lake catchment, and reliability of some nutrient measurements in the lake and streams. Nevertheless, the present model can be considered among the most sophisticated tools available with which to inform lake management decisions. Model results suggest that improved land management efforts within the wider topographic catchment will have only minor impacts on Lake Rerewhakaaitu water quality, but within the hydrologically effective catchment land use improvements to decrease losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to the lake will be important. Maintaining and/or enhancing the forested area within the hydrologically effective catchment and potentially retiring (to indigenous vegetation) some of the area, as well as maintaining the riparian buffer of the lake, will help to maintain water quality of Lake Rerewhakaaitu. The model predicted that a future warmer climate would likely increase the duration of temperature stratification in the water column, leading to more deoxygenation of bottom waters and a decline in water quality. Offsetting this with maintaining and enhancing vegetation in the riparian area and hydrologically effective catchment may help to offset these effects.

text: Catchment and lake water quality modelling to assess management options for Lake Rerewhakaaitu Lake Rerewhakaaitu in the Bay of Plenty Region of North Island, has one of the most intensively farmed lake catchments in New Zealand. Nitrate concentrations in two surface stream inflows to the lake show substantial and statistically significant increases, between 1995 and 2015, however, lake water quality has remained relatively stable. The lake is polymictic (i.e., it mixes frequently) and is partly perched, with an effective hydrological catchment of approximately 10% of the surface topographic catchment. We used the hydrodynamic-ecological model DYRESM-CAEDYM to examine the relationship between inflow quantity and quality, and lake water quality. A groundwater model (MODFLOW) provided groundwater discharge values from the hydrologically effective catchment, to the lake model (DYRESM-CAEDYM). The model successfully reproduced the magnitude and dynamics of field measurements, as evidenced by low statistical error. Based on a novel uncertainty analysis that allows for assessment of forcing factors that contribute to model error, a component of the statistical error was identified to be due to lake water level variations, which was attributed to ecological changes in the littoral (shallow-water) zone of the lake. The calibrated model was used with a set of scenarios to examine land use change within the effective hydrological catchment, as well as climate change. Establishment of the lake model was subject to several areas of substantial uncertainty, including derivation of stream inflows by statistical modelling (rather than direct observation), hydrological uncertainty with regard to drainage pathways in the lake catchment, and reliability of some nutrient measurements in the lake and streams. Nevertheless, the present model can be considered among the most sophisticated tools available with which to inform lake management decisions. Model results suggest that improved land management efforts within the wider topographic catchment will have only minor impacts on Lake Rerewhakaaitu water quality, but within the hydrologically effective catchment land use improvements to decrease losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to the lake will be important. Maintaining and/or enhancing the forested area within the hydrologically effective catchment and potentially retiring (to indigenous vegetation) some of the area, as well as maintaining the riparian buffer of the lake, will help to maintain water quality of Lake Rerewhakaaitu. The model predicted that a future warmer climate would likely increase the duration of temperature stratification in the water column, leading to more deoxygenation of bottom waters and a decline in water quality. Offsetting this with maintaining and enhancing vegetation in the riparian area and hydrologically effective catchment may help to offset these effects.

year: 2020

title: He ara whakaora i whaia e atahi wahine i tukinohia = Long term effects of childhood sexual abuse among Maori women: A healing path for abused women

authors: Hippolite Wright, Debbie

subjects: Sexual abuse victims

abstract: He Ara Whakaora I Whaia E Etahi Wahine I Tukinohia: A Healing Path for Abused Women is a qualitative study of long term effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Maori women. Thirteen Maori women of diverse ages, sexual orientations, socioeconomic, religious, and tribal backgrounds shared their life experiences in a series of semistructured interviews. The women describe the physical, social and emotional impact the sexual abuse had on them. lndepth case studies are used to explore how these women rallied their personal, interpersonal, and social resources to survive the abuse, and ultimately find a way of healing. A theoretical synthesis comprising Tikanga Maori, Ecological Psychology, Social Systems theory, and Feminist theory is used to shed light on the participants' narratives. They also identify characteristics of their perpetrators, most were male and all but one was a trusted individual. A culturally competent model of healing for Maori survivors of sexual abuse was generated from the collective survival and healing strategies described by the participants.

text: He ara whakaora i whaia e atahi wahine i tukinohia = Long term effects of childhood sexual abuse among Maori women: A healing path for abused women He Ara Whakaora I Whaia E Etahi Wahine I Tukinohia: A Healing Path for Abused Women is a qualitative study of long term effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse among Maori women. Thirteen Maori women of diverse ages, sexual orientations, socioeconomic, religious, and tribal backgrounds shared their life experiences in a series of semistructured interviews. The women describe the physical, social and emotional impact the sexual abuse had on them. lndepth case studies are used to explore how these women rallied their personal, interpersonal, and social resources to survive the abuse, and ultimately find a way of healing. A theoretical synthesis comprising Tikanga Maori, Ecological Psychology, Social Systems theory, and Feminist theory is used to shed light on the participants' narratives. They also identify characteristics of their perpetrators, most were male and all but one was a trusted individual. A culturally competent model of healing for Maori survivors of sexual abuse was generated from the collective survival and healing strategies described by the participants.

year: 1998