title: Prospectors and investors in the Te Aroha mining district during the 1930s

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: This paper gives the ages, occupations, normal place of residence, mining experience, and other details that have been unearthed about all the men who acquired prospecting licenses and of five men who prospected for others during the Depression, with the exception of Malcolm Hardy and those associated with him, covered in another paper. Sometimes a mini-biography can be given, but usually the available information permits only a skeletal outline of their lives. Few had experience of mining, and in almost all cases their prospecting or investing reflected a desperate attempt to make some money at a time of considerable financial hardship. Their often-feeble attempts at prospecting or arranging for prospecting to be done produced no new discoveries and no ore of any value.
 Their lives and details of the extent of their involvement in mining are dealt with in alphabetical order.

text: Prospectors and investors in the Te Aroha mining district during the 1930s This paper gives the ages, occupations, normal place of residence, mining experience, and other details that have been unearthed about all the men who acquired prospecting licenses and of five men who prospected for others during the Depression, with the exception of Malcolm Hardy and those associated with him, covered in another paper. Sometimes a mini-biography can be given, but usually the available information permits only a skeletal outline of their lives. Few had experience of mining, and in almost all cases their prospecting or investing reflected a desperate attempt to make some money at a time of considerable financial hardship. Their often-feeble attempts at prospecting or arranging for prospecting to be done produced no new discoveries and no ore of any value.
 Their lives and details of the extent of their involvement in mining are dealt with in alphabetical order.

year: 2016

title: Estimation of photovoltaic conversion efficiency of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collector array using an artificial neural network

authors: Ghani, Faisal Abid

subjects: artificial neural network

abstract: Earlier studies have shown that the thermal efficiency of a solar thermal collector is influenced by the quality of coolant flow distribution within the array. The quality of flow distribution within a header/riser type fluid network is influenced by a number of parameters including the coolant mass flow rate, the direction of flow in the manifolds, and most importantly the geometry of the array. As a building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) collector will be a made to measure product, meaning its dimensions will be dictated by the specific roofing and energy requirements of the customer, the issue of flow distribution and its effect on both thermal and photovoltaic performance raises some concern. In order to quantify the detrimental effect flow distribution may have on the photovoltaic output of a BIPVT array, a numerical approach was presented by authors in earlier work where factors known to influence flow distribution were varied. The authors demonstrated that photovoltaic output may be severely hindered if the issue of flow distribution is not adequately addressed. In this new study we use this numerical method to additionally show that photovoltaic output is not always improved by reducing the fin width W (by increasing the number of risers for each module) despite the theoretical rise in fin efficiency F as a consequence of flow distribution. Under certain scenarios it was shown that a single riser will in fact improve PV output and also reduce system installation cost and complexity. The combination of these new finding and results previously obtained by the authors highlights the need in selecting the optimal design parameters to meet the specific requirements of each installation. The numerical approach carried out to calculate PV output however was time consuming and computationally intensive and therefore not feasible to perform for each and every customer. To address this issue, the authors have proposed in this paper to train an artificial neural network which can be used to approximate the photovoltaic yield of an array of specified shape operating under parallel{minus 45 degree rule}reverse flow in the manifolds and also with one or two fluid channels cooling each string of cells. By approximating the yield for each scenario, the optimal configuration can then be chosen. It was found that the neural network can be successfully trained for this specific application offering a fast alternative to the original numerical approach.

text: Estimation of photovoltaic conversion efficiency of a building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) collector array using an artificial neural network Earlier studies have shown that the thermal efficiency of a solar thermal collector is influenced by the quality of coolant flow distribution within the array. The quality of flow distribution within a header/riser type fluid network is influenced by a number of parameters including the coolant mass flow rate, the direction of flow in the manifolds, and most importantly the geometry of the array. As a building integrated photovoltaic thermal (BIPVT) collector will be a made to measure product, meaning its dimensions will be dictated by the specific roofing and energy requirements of the customer, the issue of flow distribution and its effect on both thermal and photovoltaic performance raises some concern. In order to quantify the detrimental effect flow distribution may have on the photovoltaic output of a BIPVT array, a numerical approach was presented by authors in earlier work where factors known to influence flow distribution were varied. The authors demonstrated that photovoltaic output may be severely hindered if the issue of flow distribution is not adequately addressed. In this new study we use this numerical method to additionally show that photovoltaic output is not always improved by reducing the fin width W (by increasing the number of risers for each module) despite the theoretical rise in fin efficiency F as a consequence of flow distribution. Under certain scenarios it was shown that a single riser will in fact improve PV output and also reduce system installation cost and complexity. The combination of these new finding and results previously obtained by the authors highlights the need in selecting the optimal design parameters to meet the specific requirements of each installation. The numerical approach carried out to calculate PV output however was time consuming and computationally intensive and therefore not feasible to perform for each and every customer. To address this issue, the authors have proposed in this paper to train an artificial neural network which can be used to approximate the photovoltaic yield of an array of specified shape operating under parallel{minus 45 degree rule}reverse flow in the manifolds and also with one or two fluid channels cooling each string of cells. By approximating the yield for each scenario, the optimal configuration can then be chosen. It was found that the neural network can be successfully trained for this specific application offering a fast alternative to the original numerical approach.

year: 2012

title: He oranga tō te wai: Māori Pedagogies - A Culturally Responsive View of Aquatic Education and Drowning Prevention in Aotearoa

authors: Haimona, Mark Waihape

abstract: Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death and hospitalisation among Māori in Aotearoa. Drowning reports (Water Safety New Zealand, 2010, 2016, 2019) indicate Māori are over-represented in drowning compared to non-Māori, and on average account for up to a quarter of all drowning fatalities each year. Māori male aged 15-44 years and Māori children under five are most at risk of drowning (WSNZ, 2018, 2). A recent Aotearoa study on children’s water survival skills suggest changes are needed to improve how children develop fundamental aquatic skills and how teachers can best teach those skills (Button et al., 2017). In particular, the teaching of water safety skills for broader use in the open water environments of Aotearoa. 
Māori pedagogies within physical education, health, and education in the outdoors (Hemara, 2000; Jackson et al, 2016; Phillips, 2018) have demonstrated the benefits of Māori teaching methods that foster positive learning outcomes for Māori. (Bishop & Berryman, 2006, 2009). As such, this research investigated core components of Māori pedagogies that can improve aquatic education for Māori. It sought to validate traditional and contemporary aquatic teachings and water safety practices that Māori exercise as an expression of ira tangata (human development) and their relationship with te ao tūroa (the long-standing world). By means of kaupapa Māori research and the development of a new framework - Tāne Whānau Mārama, this thesis offers valuable insights into the importance of culturally responsive pedagogies in aquatic education that will enhance the health, educational achievements, and well-being of Māori whānau and communities.

text: He oranga tō te wai: Māori Pedagogies - A Culturally Responsive View of Aquatic Education and Drowning Prevention in Aotearoa Drowning is a leading cause of accidental death and hospitalisation among Māori in Aotearoa. Drowning reports (Water Safety New Zealand, 2010, 2016, 2019) indicate Māori are over-represented in drowning compared to non-Māori, and on average account for up to a quarter of all drowning fatalities each year. Māori male aged 15-44 years and Māori children under five are most at risk of drowning (WSNZ, 2018, 2). A recent Aotearoa study on children’s water survival skills suggest changes are needed to improve how children develop fundamental aquatic skills and how teachers can best teach those skills (Button et al., 2017). In particular, the teaching of water safety skills for broader use in the open water environments of Aotearoa. 
Māori pedagogies within physical education, health, and education in the outdoors (Hemara, 2000; Jackson et al, 2016; Phillips, 2018) have demonstrated the benefits of Māori teaching methods that foster positive learning outcomes for Māori. (Bishop & Berryman, 2006, 2009). As such, this research investigated core components of Māori pedagogies that can improve aquatic education for Māori. It sought to validate traditional and contemporary aquatic teachings and water safety practices that Māori exercise as an expression of ira tangata (human development) and their relationship with te ao tūroa (the long-standing world). By means of kaupapa Māori research and the development of a new framework - Tāne Whānau Mārama, this thesis offers valuable insights into the importance of culturally responsive pedagogies in aquatic education that will enhance the health, educational achievements, and well-being of Māori whānau and communities.

year: 2023