title: The International Law Gaze: The ICSID Award in Philip Morris v Uruguay and the Near End of the “Aesthetic Experience”.

authors: Alvarez-Jimenez, Alberto

abstract: It was the large economic value of tobacco’s “aesthetic experience” that Philip Morris (PM) sought to preserve in its litigation against Uruguay before an international tribunal operating under the jurisdiction of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). There, PM claimed that Uruguay was in violation of the Agreement between the Swiss Confederation and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments, dated October 7, 1988 (the BIT). The reason? Uruguay’s decision to enact tobacco control measures, in particular, its single presentation requirement (SPR) prohibiting tobacco manufacturers from selling more than one variant of cigarette per brand family and the increase in the size of health warnings included on cigarette packets from 50% to 80% of the surface of the front and the back (80/80 Regulation). As a result, manufacturers had only 20% of the room on cigarette packs for trademarks, logos, and other information.

text: The International Law Gaze: The ICSID Award in Philip Morris v Uruguay and the Near End of the “Aesthetic Experience”. It was the large economic value of tobacco’s “aesthetic experience” that Philip Morris (PM) sought to preserve in its litigation against Uruguay before an international tribunal operating under the jurisdiction of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). There, PM claimed that Uruguay was in violation of the Agreement between the Swiss Confederation and the Oriental Republic of Uruguay on the Reciprocal Promotion and Protection of Investments, dated October 7, 1988 (the BIT). The reason? Uruguay’s decision to enact tobacco control measures, in particular, its single presentation requirement (SPR) prohibiting tobacco manufacturers from selling more than one variant of cigarette per brand family and the increase in the size of health warnings included on cigarette packets from 50% to 80% of the surface of the front and the back (80/80 Regulation). As a result, manufacturers had only 20% of the room on cigarette packs for trademarks, logos, and other information.

year: 2017

title: Implementing digital technology in the New Zealand Curriculum

authors: Fox-Turnbull, Wendy

subjects: Digital technologies;

abstract: This article initially reviews literature that argues for a place for digital technologies in the curriculum. Understanding of and competency in developing digital technologies is becoming an increasingly debated topic around the world. Areas of debate include where and when key components of digital literacy such as computational thinking, computer science, programming, and coding should be learned. This article argues for the inclusion of digital technologies in the curriculum and more specifically within the technology curriculum. A case study of the decision-making process of New Zealand as it moves to include digital technologies into The New Zealand Curriculum in subsequently presented. An account of the processes undertaken by the New Zealand Ministry of Education to include and implement digital technologies in technology education is presented. Finally, it offers a cautionary warning about two potential risks as New Zealand enters the implementation phase of its new digital technologies curriculum

text: Implementing digital technology in the New Zealand Curriculum This article initially reviews literature that argues for a place for digital technologies in the curriculum. Understanding of and competency in developing digital technologies is becoming an increasingly debated topic around the world. Areas of debate include where and when key components of digital literacy such as computational thinking, computer science, programming, and coding should be learned. This article argues for the inclusion of digital technologies in the curriculum and more specifically within the technology curriculum. A case study of the decision-making process of New Zealand as it moves to include digital technologies into The New Zealand Curriculum in subsequently presented. An account of the processes undertaken by the New Zealand Ministry of Education to include and implement digital technologies in technology education is presented. Finally, it offers a cautionary warning about two potential risks as New Zealand enters the implementation phase of its new digital technologies curriculum

year: 2018

title: Looking at relationships between propositions in Maori language

authors: Houia, Waldo

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: This paper reports on an investigation into the various ways in which relationships of meaning, such as reason-result and temporal overlap, are encoded as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences in Māori. It also provides an indication of the relevance of this type of research to teachers and learners of Māori.

text: Looking at relationships between propositions in Maori language This paper reports on an investigation into the various ways in which relationships of meaning, such as reason-result and temporal overlap, are encoded as clauses, sentences and groups of sentences in Māori. It also provides an indication of the relevance of this type of research to teachers and learners of Māori.

year: 2001