title: What makes consumers willing to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels?

authors: Steenkamp, Jan-Benedict E. M.

subjects: willingness to pay

abstract: The growing sales of private labels (PLs) pose significant challenges for national brands (NBs) around the world. A major question is whether consumers continue to be willing to pay a price premium for NBs over PLs. Using consumer survey data from 22,623 respondents from 23 countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas across, on average, 63 consumer packaged goods categories per country, this article studies how marketing and manufacturing factors affect the price premium a consumer is willing to pay for an NB over a PL. These effects are mediated by consumer perceptions of the quality of NBs in relation to PLs. Although the results do not bode well for NBs in the sense that willingness to pay decreases as PLs mature, the authors offer several managerial recommendations to counter this trend. In countries in which PLs are more mature, the route to success is to go back to manufacturing basics. In PL development countries, there is a stronger role for marketing to enhance the willingness to pay for NBs.

text: What makes consumers willing to pay a price premium for national brands over private labels? The growing sales of private labels (PLs) pose significant challenges for national brands (NBs) around the world. A major question is whether consumers continue to be willing to pay a price premium for NBs over PLs. Using consumer survey data from 22,623 respondents from 23 countries in Asia, Europe, and the Americas across, on average, 63 consumer packaged goods categories per country, this article studies how marketing and manufacturing factors affect the price premium a consumer is willing to pay for an NB over a PL. These effects are mediated by consumer perceptions of the quality of NBs in relation to PLs. Although the results do not bode well for NBs in the sense that willingness to pay decreases as PLs mature, the authors offer several managerial recommendations to counter this trend. In countries in which PLs are more mature, the route to success is to go back to manufacturing basics. In PL development countries, there is a stronger role for marketing to enhance the willingness to pay for NBs.

year: 2010

title: Construction and demolition waste repurposed for heavy metal ion removal from wastewater: a review of current approaches

authors: Ranaweera, Kavitha H.

abstract: Over the past few decades, the world is facing critical water supply problems caused by the relentless increase of global human populations and the associated rise of anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are among the main water pollutants which pose a great threat to human health. Hence, globally there has been a large amount of research devoted to investigating cost-effective and sustainable methods for removal of heavy metals from polluted water. One such area of interest is the utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn). This review focuses on the most current research for the use of CDW as an adsorbent. The different heavy metal ion removal mechanisms involved are also discussed. Further, this article documents the regeneration and reuse strategies for heavy metal treated adsorbents and the efforts to apply these materials in large-scale applications. Finally, the main research gaps are identified and future research directions suggested.

text: Construction and demolition waste repurposed for heavy metal ion removal from wastewater: a review of current approaches Over the past few decades, the world is facing critical water supply problems caused by the relentless increase of global human populations and the associated rise of anthropogenic activities. Heavy metals are among the main water pollutants which pose a great threat to human health. Hence, globally there has been a large amount of research devoted to investigating cost-effective and sustainable methods for removal of heavy metals from polluted water. One such area of interest is the utilization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) materials for the adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn). This review focuses on the most current research for the use of CDW as an adsorbent. The different heavy metal ion removal mechanisms involved are also discussed. Further, this article documents the regeneration and reuse strategies for heavy metal treated adsorbents and the efforts to apply these materials in large-scale applications. Finally, the main research gaps are identified and future research directions suggested.

year: 2023-06-13

title: The use of Māori words in National Science Challenge online discourse

authors: Calude, Andreea S.

abstract: This paper presents data relating to the use of Maori borrowings as they occur in a corpus of scientific discourse on the websites of the eleven National Science Challenges (NSCs) and their associated Twitter feeds.

text: The use of Māori words in National Science Challenge online discourse This paper presents data relating to the use of Maori borrowings as they occur in a corpus of scientific discourse on the websites of the eleven National Science Challenges (NSCs) and their associated Twitter feeds.

year: 2018