title: Kinetics of Oxidation of Binary Ti-Cu Alloys in the 600–800 °C Temperature Range

authors: Alqattan, Fatemah

abstract: The oxidation behaviour of Ti alloys is a crucial aspect for structural components operating at high service temperature. The aim of this study is to identify the oxidation kinetics and mechanism of binary Ti-Cu alloys with a progressively higher amount of Cu with the alloys having a α + β lamellar structure. It is found that all the alloys followed a non-ideal (i.e., n ≠ 2) parabolic relationship, as controlled by anionic oxygen diffusion, with a distinct effect from both oxidation temperature and alloy chemistry. Specifically, faster oxidation kinetics are found both at higher temperatures and for higher Cu contents, resulting in the formation of thicker oxide scale layers. The oxidation mechanism primarily entails the formation of the stable TiO2 rutile polymorph. However, transitions through metastable phases (e.g., anatase) and texturing of rutile are also revealed as dictated by the composition of the alloy at specific oxidation temperature/time pairs.

text: Kinetics of Oxidation of Binary Ti-Cu Alloys in the 600–800 °C Temperature Range The oxidation behaviour of Ti alloys is a crucial aspect for structural components operating at high service temperature. The aim of this study is to identify the oxidation kinetics and mechanism of binary Ti-Cu alloys with a progressively higher amount of Cu with the alloys having a α + β lamellar structure. It is found that all the alloys followed a non-ideal (i.e., n ≠ 2) parabolic relationship, as controlled by anionic oxygen diffusion, with a distinct effect from both oxidation temperature and alloy chemistry. Specifically, faster oxidation kinetics are found both at higher temperatures and for higher Cu contents, resulting in the formation of thicker oxide scale layers. The oxidation mechanism primarily entails the formation of the stable TiO2 rutile polymorph. However, transitions through metastable phases (e.g., anatase) and texturing of rutile are also revealed as dictated by the composition of the alloy at specific oxidation temperature/time pairs.

year: 2025

title: The Effects of Altering Maintenance Diet on Food Preferences of Hens

authors: Schroeder, Laura Claire

subjects: hens

abstract: The preferences of six hens for wheat, puffed wheat and pellets were investigated using Variable Interval 60-s Variable Interval 60-s dependent concurrent schedules of reinforcement with a 2-s change-over delay and 2.5-s access to wheat on the left key or either puffed wheat or pellets on the right key. In different conditions, the hens were fed at least 15-g of each of these foods when used as their maintenance diet. The number of responses, time spent responding, and amount of food consumed were examined. Body weights were maintained at 80% ± 5% of the hens’ free-feeding body weights. The results showed that when wheat was paired with pellets, there were few changes in the hens’ preferences when the maintenance diet was altered, but when wheat was paired with puffed wheat, there were large changes in the hens’ preferences when the maintenance diet was altered, especially when wheat was used as the maintenance diet. Preferences in this study may have been affected by the quantity of maintenance diet food provided after experimental sessions, hens being outside their target weight range and unable to complete all experimental conditions, differing levels of deprivation and satiation, and the order of experimental conditions.

text: The Effects of Altering Maintenance Diet on Food Preferences of Hens The preferences of six hens for wheat, puffed wheat and pellets were investigated using Variable Interval 60-s Variable Interval 60-s dependent concurrent schedules of reinforcement with a 2-s change-over delay and 2.5-s access to wheat on the left key or either puffed wheat or pellets on the right key. In different conditions, the hens were fed at least 15-g of each of these foods when used as their maintenance diet. The number of responses, time spent responding, and amount of food consumed were examined. Body weights were maintained at 80% ± 5% of the hens’ free-feeding body weights. The results showed that when wheat was paired with pellets, there were few changes in the hens’ preferences when the maintenance diet was altered, but when wheat was paired with puffed wheat, there were large changes in the hens’ preferences when the maintenance diet was altered, especially when wheat was used as the maintenance diet. Preferences in this study may have been affected by the quantity of maintenance diet food provided after experimental sessions, hens being outside their target weight range and unable to complete all experimental conditions, differing levels of deprivation and satiation, and the order of experimental conditions.

year: 2013

title: Ngā Tohu o te Ora: traditional Māori healing and wellness outcomes

authors: Ahuriri-Driscoll, Annabel

abstract: The Ngā Tohu o te Ora (signs of wellness) research project was developed to investigate outcomes associated with rongoā Māori, in order that this traditional practice might enjoy increased support as a funded service. The primary aims were to: 
1. Identify wellness outcome measures used by traditional Māori healers, and 
2. Develop and test a framework of traditional Māori wellness outcome measures. 
Secondary aims included integrating the wellness outcomes framework with the Pūrākau framework (developed by the authors in a previous HRC seeding grant), and disseminating research findings among healing, health service delivery and research communities. 10 Work towards Aims 1 and 2 were undertaken in two distinct stages in the research: identifying wellness outcomes and weaving them together in the form of a framework comprised Stage I research activities (June 2008 - December 2009), and testing the use of the framework by Whare Oranga constituted Stage II (January 2010 - July 2011). Recognising the importance of meaningful engagement for both research 'success' and healer benefit, emphasis was placed on ensuring high quality relationships between the research team and participating practitioners/Whare Oranga throughout; this constituted an implicit process aim. Several further aims emerged from engagement with healers, within which healers and research team members discussed potential service-oriented benefits that the research project would work towards. These included: 
• Enhancing the capacity of Whare Oranga to provide service information to funders that might support their wider understanding of rongoā Māori, with a view to securing additional contracts; 
• Providing newly established or developing Whare Oranga with tools and frameworks to support and strengthen their entry into health service provision in their local communities; and 
• Articulating clearly defined, assessable and progressive steps toward targeted domains of wellbeing for use by practitioners and their clients.

text: Ngā Tohu o te Ora: traditional Māori healing and wellness outcomes The Ngā Tohu o te Ora (signs of wellness) research project was developed to investigate outcomes associated with rongoā Māori, in order that this traditional practice might enjoy increased support as a funded service. The primary aims were to: 
1. Identify wellness outcome measures used by traditional Māori healers, and 
2. Develop and test a framework of traditional Māori wellness outcome measures. 
Secondary aims included integrating the wellness outcomes framework with the Pūrākau framework (developed by the authors in a previous HRC seeding grant), and disseminating research findings among healing, health service delivery and research communities. 10 Work towards Aims 1 and 2 were undertaken in two distinct stages in the research: identifying wellness outcomes and weaving them together in the form of a framework comprised Stage I research activities (June 2008 - December 2009), and testing the use of the framework by Whare Oranga constituted Stage II (January 2010 - July 2011). Recognising the importance of meaningful engagement for both research 'success' and healer benefit, emphasis was placed on ensuring high quality relationships between the research team and participating practitioners/Whare Oranga throughout; this constituted an implicit process aim. Several further aims emerged from engagement with healers, within which healers and research team members discussed potential service-oriented benefits that the research project would work towards. These included: 
• Enhancing the capacity of Whare Oranga to provide service information to funders that might support their wider understanding of rongoā Māori, with a view to securing additional contracts; 
• Providing newly established or developing Whare Oranga with tools and frameworks to support and strengthen their entry into health service provision in their local communities; and 
• Articulating clearly defined, assessable and progressive steps toward targeted domains of wellbeing for use by practitioners and their clients.

year: 2012