title: Fourteen degrees of latitude and a continent apart: comparison of lichen activity over two years at continental and maritime Antarctic sites

authors: Schroeter, Burkhard

subjects: biodiversity

abstract: There are marked declines in precipitation, mean temperatures and the number of lichen species with increasing latitude in Antarctica. However, it is not known which factors are the predominant controllers of biodiversity changes. Results are presented from over two years of almost continuous monitoring of both microclimate and activity in lichens at Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, 62°S, and Botany Bay, Ross Sea region, 77°S. Lichen activity was evident over a much longer period at Livingston Island, (3694 versus 897 hours) and could occur in any month whereas it was almost completely confined to the period November–February at Botany Bay. Mean air temperatures were much lower at Botany Bay (-18° compared to -1.5°C at Livingston Island), but the temperatures at which the lichens were active were almost identical at around 2°C at both sites. When the lichens were active incident light at Botany Bay was very much higher. The differences are related to the availability of meltwater which only occurs at times of high light and warm temperatures at Botany Bay. Temperature as a direct effect does not seem to explain the differences in biodiversity between the sites, but an indirect effect through active hours is much more probable. In addition there are negative effects of stresses such as high light and extreme winter cold at Botany Bay.

text: Fourteen degrees of latitude and a continent apart: comparison of lichen activity over two years at continental and maritime Antarctic sites There are marked declines in precipitation, mean temperatures and the number of lichen species with increasing latitude in Antarctica. However, it is not known which factors are the predominant controllers of biodiversity changes. Results are presented from over two years of almost continuous monitoring of both microclimate and activity in lichens at Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, 62°S, and Botany Bay, Ross Sea region, 77°S. Lichen activity was evident over a much longer period at Livingston Island, (3694 versus 897 hours) and could occur in any month whereas it was almost completely confined to the period November–February at Botany Bay. Mean air temperatures were much lower at Botany Bay (-18° compared to -1.5°C at Livingston Island), but the temperatures at which the lichens were active were almost identical at around 2°C at both sites. When the lichens were active incident light at Botany Bay was very much higher. The differences are related to the availability of meltwater which only occurs at times of high light and warm temperatures at Botany Bay. Temperature as a direct effect does not seem to explain the differences in biodiversity between the sites, but an indirect effect through active hours is much more probable. In addition there are negative effects of stresses such as high light and extreme winter cold at Botany Bay.

year: 2010

title: Editorial

authors: Wright, Noeline

abstract: The two 2019 issues of Waikato Journal of Education contain an eclectic and international mix of articles. In the November issue, articles include augmented reality in a secondary school music class; Fijian and Nepalese explorations of teacher practices, de-privatising teacher practices, ideas about professional development, and impediments to teacher change; academics wondering about the nature of research collaborations in tension with professional responsibilities; and two articles examining aspects of early childhood

text: Editorial The two 2019 issues of Waikato Journal of Education contain an eclectic and international mix of articles. In the November issue, articles include augmented reality in a secondary school music class; Fijian and Nepalese explorations of teacher practices, de-privatising teacher practices, ideas about professional development, and impediments to teacher change; academics wondering about the nature of research collaborations in tension with professional responsibilities; and two articles examining aspects of early childhood

year: 2019

title: Culturally relevant assessment: Kaupapa Māori assessment in early childhood education

authors: Rameka, Lesley Kay

abstract: This chant according to Maori tradition is part of the dedication used at the birth of Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga, the demigod, ancestor superhero of the Pacific. It was also sometimes used to welcome visitors on to marae, linking the visitors with the spiritual world and powers of the Maori gods, Tūmatauenga, Rongomatane and Tane Mahuta and to Hawaiki, the spiritual Maori homeland. It also provides a model of the universe that dates back thousands of years (Shirres, 1997); a model made up of two intimately connected worlds: the spiritual and the material. These worlds are closely linked with activities in the everyday material world coming under the influence of and interpenetrated by spiritual powers (Reilly, 2004a; Shirres, 1997). Consequently people are connected with the universe, with the world of spiritual powers, the world of the gods.

text: Culturally relevant assessment: Kaupapa Māori assessment in early childhood education This chant according to Maori tradition is part of the dedication used at the birth of Maui-tikitiki-a-Taranga, the demigod, ancestor superhero of the Pacific. It was also sometimes used to welcome visitors on to marae, linking the visitors with the spiritual world and powers of the Maori gods, Tūmatauenga, Rongomatane and Tane Mahuta and to Hawaiki, the spiritual Maori homeland. It also provides a model of the universe that dates back thousands of years (Shirres, 1997); a model made up of two intimately connected worlds: the spiritual and the material. These worlds are closely linked with activities in the everyday material world coming under the influence of and interpenetrated by spiritual powers (Reilly, 2004a; Shirres, 1997). Consequently people are connected with the universe, with the world of spiritual powers, the world of the gods.

year: 2013