title: Using oral assessment to protect academic intergrity in a first-year logic course

authors: Gibbons, Stephanie

abstract: Our first-year logic paper is assessed through three tests. When the tests went online, it became possible for students to outsource their answers, including using internet tools that generate answers. To combat this, all students who do their tests online complete a 5-minute oral assessment, conducted by Zoom, where they are asked about their test answers. I argue that this option provides good protection against academic integrity violations, and can work well even for large classes. Using the zoom waiting room and booked appointment slots I was able to deal with 90 students in a couple of afternoons: this is substantially less time than it would take to mark an additional assignment, and it could be scaled up easily. Students require no special access to technology beyond what they already require for online learning, and no software beyond Zoom. Although the students found the prospect of an oral component initially daunting, it was ultimately popular with students. The option can be couched in a way that doesn’t emphasise distrust of the students, and many students found it useful for their learning. One-on-one interviews also create an opportunity to meet each student, thus improving the lecturer-student relationship, and the cohesion of the paper.

text: Using oral assessment to protect academic intergrity in a first-year logic course Our first-year logic paper is assessed through three tests. When the tests went online, it became possible for students to outsource their answers, including using internet tools that generate answers. To combat this, all students who do their tests online complete a 5-minute oral assessment, conducted by Zoom, where they are asked about their test answers. I argue that this option provides good protection against academic integrity violations, and can work well even for large classes. Using the zoom waiting room and booked appointment slots I was able to deal with 90 students in a couple of afternoons: this is substantially less time than it would take to mark an additional assignment, and it could be scaled up easily. Students require no special access to technology beyond what they already require for online learning, and no software beyond Zoom. Although the students found the prospect of an oral component initially daunting, it was ultimately popular with students. The option can be couched in a way that doesn’t emphasise distrust of the students, and many students found it useful for their learning. One-on-one interviews also create an opportunity to meet each student, thus improving the lecturer-student relationship, and the cohesion of the paper.

year: 2022

title: Effects of infaunal bivalve density and flow speed on clearance rates and near-bed hydrodynamics

authors: Jones, Hannah Frances Emily

subjects: annular flume

abstract: The influence of bed density (from 0 to 1000 ind. M⁻²) and flow speed (2, 5, and 15 cm s⁻¹, i.e. “low”, “medium” and “high”, respectively) on clearance rates (CR) of an infaunal suspension-feeding bivalve (Austrovenus stutchburyi) and boundary layer dynamics were investigated in annular flumes. Near-bed flow speeds decreased and bed shear stresses increased with bivalve density due to the bed roughness generated by the shallow burrowers. At low densities (< 500 ind. m⁻²) there was no detectable effect of feeding currents on bed shear stress, but at high densities (1000 ind. m⁻²) and at the low flow speed bed shear stress was almost 80% higher when Austrovenus were feeding (0.0016 N m⁻²), compared to when they were not feeding (0.0009 N m⁻²). These results suggest that bed roughness generated by Austrovenus and their feeding currents are capable of influencing food supply to the bed. Individual CR were significantly (p < 0.01) greater at the high flow speed (0.88 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹), compared to the medium and low flow speeds (0.34 to 0.54 L h− 1 ind.− 1). With increasing bed density, individual CR was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced; at low densities CR ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹, but at high densities they were 0.1 to 0.8 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹. Bed CR (L h⁻¹ m− 2) did not scale proportionally with density, initially increasing up to 500 ind. m− 2 but remaining relatively constant thereafter. This was in part due to the negative effect of density on individual CR but also because the proportion of bivalves feeding decreased with increasing density. Our results demonstrate that recording the number of bivalves feeding is necessary to interpret the effect of density on bed CR. Moreover, if the effects of both bivalve density and flow speed are not considered, then scaling up individual CR obtained using animals at low densities will over estimate population filtration capacity. As high (but equivalent to in situ) densities reduced both the number of animals feeding and individual CR other factors may offset this negative interaction, such as protection from wave disturbance or enhanced resuspension of benthic microalgae.

text: Effects of infaunal bivalve density and flow speed on clearance rates and near-bed hydrodynamics The influence of bed density (from 0 to 1000 ind. M⁻²) and flow speed (2, 5, and 15 cm s⁻¹, i.e. “low”, “medium” and “high”, respectively) on clearance rates (CR) of an infaunal suspension-feeding bivalve (Austrovenus stutchburyi) and boundary layer dynamics were investigated in annular flumes. Near-bed flow speeds decreased and bed shear stresses increased with bivalve density due to the bed roughness generated by the shallow burrowers. At low densities (< 500 ind. m⁻²) there was no detectable effect of feeding currents on bed shear stress, but at high densities (1000 ind. m⁻²) and at the low flow speed bed shear stress was almost 80% higher when Austrovenus were feeding (0.0016 N m⁻²), compared to when they were not feeding (0.0009 N m⁻²). These results suggest that bed roughness generated by Austrovenus and their feeding currents are capable of influencing food supply to the bed. Individual CR were significantly (p < 0.01) greater at the high flow speed (0.88 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹), compared to the medium and low flow speeds (0.34 to 0.54 L h− 1 ind.− 1). With increasing bed density, individual CR was significantly (p < 0.001) reduced; at low densities CR ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹, but at high densities they were 0.1 to 0.8 L h⁻¹ ind. ⁻¹. Bed CR (L h⁻¹ m− 2) did not scale proportionally with density, initially increasing up to 500 ind. m− 2 but remaining relatively constant thereafter. This was in part due to the negative effect of density on individual CR but also because the proportion of bivalves feeding decreased with increasing density. Our results demonstrate that recording the number of bivalves feeding is necessary to interpret the effect of density on bed CR. Moreover, if the effects of both bivalve density and flow speed are not considered, then scaling up individual CR obtained using animals at low densities will over estimate population filtration capacity. As high (but equivalent to in situ) densities reduced both the number of animals feeding and individual CR other factors may offset this negative interaction, such as protection from wave disturbance or enhanced resuspension of benthic microalgae.

year: 2011

title: Housing quality, health and whānau wellbeing

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: Shelter is a basic human need (Maslow 1943) and access to housing is a fundamental human right. A house is more than a physical dwelling that offers shelter; for many, it is a space that provides structure and meaning, and relates to feelings, emotions, memories and experiences, whether raising a whānau or discovering newfound independence. 
For Māori, the multi-layered concept of kāinga is broader still. Literally meaning ‘village’, kāinga is a home space where identity, whakapapa and whenua come together (Henare 2014). Kāinga is where individuals and whānau can sustain and care for themselves and others through practices of whanaungatanga (connecting with kin) and manaakitanga (acts of reciprocal caring). 
Kāinga is also closely related to the concept of tūrangawaewae, denoting a sense of physical and spiritual belonging or attachment to a place. Kāinga and tūrangawaewae thus share similarities with the meaning of home but mean much more than simply ‘being housed’ (Brown 2017). 
While housing and housing quality form only part of what it means to be ‘at home’, access to a warm, dry, safe, secure and watertight house is a basic right for all whānau and tamariki. 
In this section, we focus on the relationships between housing quality, health and wellbeing to better understand the extent of housing quality issues that whānau Māori face, and how housing quality, in turn, affects health and wellbeing. To our knowledge, this is the first nationally representative study that focuses specifically on Māori assessments of housing quality. It does so using data from the Māori Social Survey Te Kupenga.

text: Housing quality, health and whānau wellbeing Shelter is a basic human need (Maslow 1943) and access to housing is a fundamental human right. A house is more than a physical dwelling that offers shelter; for many, it is a space that provides structure and meaning, and relates to feelings, emotions, memories and experiences, whether raising a whānau or discovering newfound independence. 
For Māori, the multi-layered concept of kāinga is broader still. Literally meaning ‘village’, kāinga is a home space where identity, whakapapa and whenua come together (Henare 2014). Kāinga is where individuals and whānau can sustain and care for themselves and others through practices of whanaungatanga (connecting with kin) and manaakitanga (acts of reciprocal caring). 
Kāinga is also closely related to the concept of tūrangawaewae, denoting a sense of physical and spiritual belonging or attachment to a place. Kāinga and tūrangawaewae thus share similarities with the meaning of home but mean much more than simply ‘being housed’ (Brown 2017). 
While housing and housing quality form only part of what it means to be ‘at home’, access to a warm, dry, safe, secure and watertight house is a basic right for all whānau and tamariki. 
In this section, we focus on the relationships between housing quality, health and wellbeing to better understand the extent of housing quality issues that whānau Māori face, and how housing quality, in turn, affects health and wellbeing. To our knowledge, this is the first nationally representative study that focuses specifically on Māori assessments of housing quality. It does so using data from the Māori Social Survey Te Kupenga.

year: 2018