title: A general model for temperatures of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water droplets

authors: Bardsley, W. Earl

abstract: Asymptotic extreme-value theory is used as the basis of a stochastic model which predicts aspects of the freezing behavior of supercooled water droplets. The model gives a general theoretical base to an earlier empirical function relating droplet volume to droplet freezing temperature. At the same time, the model indicates that the established empirical relation is only one of three possible functions linking droplet volume and temperature of freezing. 
The three functions arise as a consequence of three possible extreme-value distributions of droplet freezing temperatures, and the form of each function predicts the type and parameter values of the distributions concerned. The proposed model is amenable to rigorous experimental verification since both the distribution type and parameter values can be estimated independently from droplet freezing data.

text: A general model for temperatures of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water droplets Asymptotic extreme-value theory is used as the basis of a stochastic model which predicts aspects of the freezing behavior of supercooled water droplets. The model gives a general theoretical base to an earlier empirical function relating droplet volume to droplet freezing temperature. At the same time, the model indicates that the established empirical relation is only one of three possible functions linking droplet volume and temperature of freezing. 
The three functions arise as a consequence of three possible extreme-value distributions of droplet freezing temperatures, and the form of each function predicts the type and parameter values of the distributions concerned. The proposed model is amenable to rigorous experimental verification since both the distribution type and parameter values can be estimated independently from droplet freezing data.

year: 1984

title: Doing hope ... together, in everyday living and in counseling research

authors: Kotzé, Elmarie

abstract: This chapter describes the practices of doing hope together in a kaleidoscope of personal and professional narratives woven into and between people’s lives. Narrative therapy practices such as compassionate witnessing and narrative documents are called on to story small steps of doing reasonable hope in everyday life and in counseling research. The chapter draws on the witnessing of a farewell ritual between a grandmother and grandsons, witnessing diners at a café and excerpts of narrative documents to produce, acknowledge and richly describe practices of care that contribute to the doing of hope together. These small and ordinary, yet significant, incidents take place in the entangled spaces of discursive and material, between humans and humans, as well as between humans and matter-materiality. The chapter also weaves vignettes from everyday living and counseling-research data.

text: Doing hope ... together, in everyday living and in counseling research This chapter describes the practices of doing hope together in a kaleidoscope of personal and professional narratives woven into and between people’s lives. Narrative therapy practices such as compassionate witnessing and narrative documents are called on to story small steps of doing reasonable hope in everyday life and in counseling research. The chapter draws on the witnessing of a farewell ritual between a grandmother and grandsons, witnessing diners at a café and excerpts of narrative documents to produce, acknowledge and richly describe practices of care that contribute to the doing of hope together. These small and ordinary, yet significant, incidents take place in the entangled spaces of discursive and material, between humans and humans, as well as between humans and matter-materiality. The chapter also weaves vignettes from everyday living and counseling-research data.

year: 2017

title: Barriers and facilitators to Oranga Tamariki access: Wāhine voices from Te Whakaruruhau

authors: Mcleay, Ana

abstract: This thesis examines how wāhine supported by Te Whakaruruhau Waikato Women’s Refuge experience Oranga Tamariki (OT) in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), and what barriers and facilitators shape their access to services. Within a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, influenced by Kaupapa Māori and Mana Wahine principles, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured, kanohi ki te kanohi interviews with six wāhine and kaimahi. Reflexive thematic analysis identified seven themes, grouped into two overarching clusters: barriers and facilitators to OT access. Barriers were pervasive and cumulative, encompassing relational harm, negligence, fear and risk, and cultural tokenism. Facilitators - collaborative advocacy, strengths-based practice, and procedural justice - were comparatively rare and often dependent on external supports rather than systemic provision.

Mapping these findings against Te Hā o Whānau, an access framework, revealed that barriers emerged where tikanga manaakitanga, tikanga whakawhanaungatanga, and tikanga rangatiratanga were absent, while facilitators aligned with their enactment. Te Hā o Whānau conceptualises access as a relational and culturally grounded process inseparable from wellbeing, making it both conceptually robust and uniquely suited to Aotearoa. The analysis demonstrates that OT, as currently structured, undermines whānau wellbeing through systemic practices that erode mana, restrict autonomy, and compromise safety. In the immediate term, strengthened collaborative advocacy offers some protection and support, but meaningful change requires systemic transformation.

Future research should examine how Te Hā o Whānau might be further operationalised across different service contexts and explore experiences of wāhine and whānau with OT in a variety of contexts to build a fuller understanding of access and wellbeing in child welfare.

text: Barriers and facilitators to Oranga Tamariki access: Wāhine voices from Te Whakaruruhau This thesis examines how wāhine supported by Te Whakaruruhau Waikato Women’s Refuge experience Oranga Tamariki (OT) in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV), and what barriers and facilitators shape their access to services. Within a Community-Based Participatory Research approach, influenced by Kaupapa Māori and Mana Wahine principles, qualitative data were collected through semi-structured, kanohi ki te kanohi interviews with six wāhine and kaimahi. Reflexive thematic analysis identified seven themes, grouped into two overarching clusters: barriers and facilitators to OT access. Barriers were pervasive and cumulative, encompassing relational harm, negligence, fear and risk, and cultural tokenism. Facilitators - collaborative advocacy, strengths-based practice, and procedural justice - were comparatively rare and often dependent on external supports rather than systemic provision.

Mapping these findings against Te Hā o Whānau, an access framework, revealed that barriers emerged where tikanga manaakitanga, tikanga whakawhanaungatanga, and tikanga rangatiratanga were absent, while facilitators aligned with their enactment. Te Hā o Whānau conceptualises access as a relational and culturally grounded process inseparable from wellbeing, making it both conceptually robust and uniquely suited to Aotearoa. The analysis demonstrates that OT, as currently structured, undermines whānau wellbeing through systemic practices that erode mana, restrict autonomy, and compromise safety. In the immediate term, strengthened collaborative advocacy offers some protection and support, but meaningful change requires systemic transformation.

Future research should examine how Te Hā o Whānau might be further operationalised across different service contexts and explore experiences of wāhine and whānau with OT in a variety of contexts to build a fuller understanding of access and wellbeing in child welfare.

year: 2025