title: Transcriptional changes in response to ketamine ester-analogs SN 35210 and SN 35563 in the rat brain

authors: Jacobson, Gregory M.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Background
Ketamine ester analogs, SN 35210 and SN 35563, demonstrate different pharmacological profiles to ketamine in animal models. Both confer hypnosis with predictably rapid offset yet, paradoxically, SN35563 induces a prolonged anti-nociceptive state. To explore underlying mechanisms, broad transcriptome changes were measured and compared across four relevant target regions of the rat brain.

Results
SN 35563 produced large-scale alteration of gene expression in the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus (PVT), in excess of 10x that induced by ketamine and SN 35210. A smaller and quantitatively similar number of gene changes were observed in the Insula (INS) and Nucleus Accumbens (ACB) for all three agents. In the BLA and PVT, SN 35563 caused enrichment for gene pathways related to the function and structure of glutamatergic synapses in respect to: release of neurotransmitter, configuration of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, and the underlying cytoskeletal scaffolding and alignment.

Conclusion
The analgesic ketamine ester analog SN 35563 induces profound large-scale changes in gene expression in key pain-related brain regions reflecting its unique prolonged pharmacodynamic profile.

text: Transcriptional changes in response to ketamine ester-analogs SN 35210 and SN 35563 in the rat brain Background
Ketamine ester analogs, SN 35210 and SN 35563, demonstrate different pharmacological profiles to ketamine in animal models. Both confer hypnosis with predictably rapid offset yet, paradoxically, SN35563 induces a prolonged anti-nociceptive state. To explore underlying mechanisms, broad transcriptome changes were measured and compared across four relevant target regions of the rat brain.

Results
SN 35563 produced large-scale alteration of gene expression in the Basolateral Amygdala (BLA) and Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus (PVT), in excess of 10x that induced by ketamine and SN 35210. A smaller and quantitatively similar number of gene changes were observed in the Insula (INS) and Nucleus Accumbens (ACB) for all three agents. In the BLA and PVT, SN 35563 caused enrichment for gene pathways related to the function and structure of glutamatergic synapses in respect to: release of neurotransmitter, configuration of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, and the underlying cytoskeletal scaffolding and alignment.

Conclusion
The analgesic ketamine ester analog SN 35563 induces profound large-scale changes in gene expression in key pain-related brain regions reflecting its unique prolonged pharmacodynamic profile.

year: 2019

title: TIP spatial index: efficient access to digital libraries in a context-aware mobile system

authors: Osborn, Wendy

subjects: context-aware mobile systems

abstract: We present a framework for efficient, uniform, location-based access to digital library collections that are external to a context-aware mobile information system. Using a tourist Information system, we utilize a spatial index to manage the context of location. We show how access to resources from within and outside of the tourist information system can be carried out in a seamless manner. We show how the spatial index can be navigated to continually provide information to the user. An empirical evaluation of the navigation strategy versus traditional spatial searching shows that navigation is efficient and outperforms traditional spatial search. In conclusion, our work provides a strategy for context-aware mobile systems to co-operate with digital libraries in a seamless and efficient manner.

text: TIP spatial index: efficient access to digital libraries in a context-aware mobile system We present a framework for efficient, uniform, location-based access to digital library collections that are external to a context-aware mobile information system. Using a tourist Information system, we utilize a spatial index to manage the context of location. We show how access to resources from within and outside of the tourist information system can be carried out in a seamless manner. We show how the spatial index can be navigated to continually provide information to the user. An empirical evaluation of the navigation strategy versus traditional spatial searching shows that navigation is efficient and outperforms traditional spatial search. In conclusion, our work provides a strategy for context-aware mobile systems to co-operate with digital libraries in a seamless and efficient manner.

year: 2012

title: Words on walls: The linguistic landscape of Kirikiriroa primary school classrooms

authors: Burnette, Jessie

abstract: Language contact between te reo Māori and English has resulted in one of the central features of New Zealand English (NZE): the integration of loanwords from the Indigenous, donor language, te reo Māori, into a dominant Lingua Franca (Hay et al., 2008). Previous works have analysed the presence and presentation of these loanwords across a number of mediums. Our study, however, examines data directed at a previously unexamined demographic: primary school-aged children.

We aim to establish which loanwords children are regularly exposed to, and thus examine a most relevant domain: the classroom. Considering the linguistic landscape of classrooms (schoolscapes) offers insight into the language use that occurs within them. Further, the classroom is educational in the traditional sense, but also in the developmental sense, in the acquisition of broader social meaning. Previous schoolscapes research has highlighted not only their pedagogical importance, but their influence in the construction and transmission of language ideologies (Pzymus and Huddleston 2021; Brown 2012), making these particularly valuable spaces to study.

This study presents a schoolscape investigation of nine Waikato classrooms by analysing loanwords arising in educational artefacts directed at primary-aged children (7-11) in an English-medium school setting. We make the following contributions: (1) a systematic schoolscape method for analysing contact-induced language phenomena; (2) quantitative and qualitative analyses of loanwords identified in our data; (3) a detailed taxonomic expansion of te reo Māori loanword categories (semantic and syntactic) in present day NZE.

In this talk, we ask the following questions:

RQ1) What type of te reo Māori (loan)words are children regularly exposed to through schoolscapes in A/NZ?

RQ2) What is their distribution across schools/classrooms/years?

We find that, in the classes examined, children encounter both high levels of exposure to te reo Māori (loan)words and high levels of variation in the types of words present. On average, children encounter one te reo Māori token for every ten English tokens. As in previously identified trends (Macalister, 2006b), most loanwords found are nouns belonging to semantic categories pertaining to the environment, place names and social culture items. However, we also identify prominently occurring words and word types that have not previously been identified in corpora. We show that, within classrooms, children regularly encounter a landscape richer in te reo Māori (loan)words than previously seen, but also one characterised by substantial variation.

text: Words on walls: The linguistic landscape of Kirikiriroa primary school classrooms Language contact between te reo Māori and English has resulted in one of the central features of New Zealand English (NZE): the integration of loanwords from the Indigenous, donor language, te reo Māori, into a dominant Lingua Franca (Hay et al., 2008). Previous works have analysed the presence and presentation of these loanwords across a number of mediums. Our study, however, examines data directed at a previously unexamined demographic: primary school-aged children.

We aim to establish which loanwords children are regularly exposed to, and thus examine a most relevant domain: the classroom. Considering the linguistic landscape of classrooms (schoolscapes) offers insight into the language use that occurs within them. Further, the classroom is educational in the traditional sense, but also in the developmental sense, in the acquisition of broader social meaning. Previous schoolscapes research has highlighted not only their pedagogical importance, but their influence in the construction and transmission of language ideologies (Pzymus and Huddleston 2021; Brown 2012), making these particularly valuable spaces to study.

This study presents a schoolscape investigation of nine Waikato classrooms by analysing loanwords arising in educational artefacts directed at primary-aged children (7-11) in an English-medium school setting. We make the following contributions: (1) a systematic schoolscape method for analysing contact-induced language phenomena; (2) quantitative and qualitative analyses of loanwords identified in our data; (3) a detailed taxonomic expansion of te reo Māori loanword categories (semantic and syntactic) in present day NZE.

In this talk, we ask the following questions:

RQ1) What type of te reo Māori (loan)words are children regularly exposed to through schoolscapes in A/NZ?

RQ2) What is their distribution across schools/classrooms/years?

We find that, in the classes examined, children encounter both high levels of exposure to te reo Māori (loan)words and high levels of variation in the types of words present. On average, children encounter one te reo Māori token for every ten English tokens. As in previously identified trends (Macalister, 2006b), most loanwords found are nouns belonging to semantic categories pertaining to the environment, place names and social culture items. However, we also identify prominently occurring words and word types that have not previously been identified in corpora. We show that, within classrooms, children regularly encounter a landscape richer in te reo Māori (loan)words than previously seen, but also one characterised by substantial variation.

year: 2024