title: New parameters controlling the effect of temperature on enzyme activity

authors: Daniel, Roy M.

subjects: biotechnology

abstract: Arising from careful measurements of the thermal behaviour of enzymes, a new model, the Equilibrium Model, has been developed to explain more fully the effects of temperature on enzymes. The model describes the effect of temperature on enzyme activity in terms of a rapidly reversible active–inactive (but not denatured) transition, revealing an additional and reversible mechanism for enzyme activity loss in addition to irreversible thermal inactivation at high temperatures. Two new thermal parameters, Teq and ΔHeq, describe the active–inactive transition, and enable a complete description of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. We describe here the Model and its fit to experimental data, methods for the determination of the Equilibrium Model parameters, and the implications of the Model for the environmental adaptation and evolution of enzymes, and for biotechnology.

text: New parameters controlling the effect of temperature on enzyme activity Arising from careful measurements of the thermal behaviour of enzymes, a new model, the Equilibrium Model, has been developed to explain more fully the effects of temperature on enzymes. The model describes the effect of temperature on enzyme activity in terms of a rapidly reversible active–inactive (but not denatured) transition, revealing an additional and reversible mechanism for enzyme activity loss in addition to irreversible thermal inactivation at high temperatures. Two new thermal parameters, Teq and ΔHeq, describe the active–inactive transition, and enable a complete description of the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. We describe here the Model and its fit to experimental data, methods for the determination of the Equilibrium Model parameters, and the implications of the Model for the environmental adaptation and evolution of enzymes, and for biotechnology.

year: 2007

title: Bio self-healing nanoconcretes

authors: Seifan, Mostafa

abstract: Concrete as the most widely used construction material is susceptible to crack when exposes to stresses. Various types of passive techniques have been introduced to fill the generated cracks, however the majority of them are not permanent, effective, and environmentally friendly. Over recent years, the embedment of an active mechanism called “self-healing mechanism” in concrete has been proposed as an alternative approach to ineffective passive techniques. Among the investigated self-healing mechanisms, bio self-healing approach has drawn considerable attention as it can address the cracking issues by inducing calcium carbonate in a sustainable way. However, the effectiveness of bio self-healing concrete highly depends on the successful protection of bacteria in concrete matrix. So far, various types of micro-scale and recently nano-scale protecting careers have been tested to evaluate the effectiveness of bio self-healing concrete. In this chapter, the latest nanobiotechnological self-healing approaches for protection of bacteria in a harsh concrete pH are discussed.

text: Bio self-healing nanoconcretes Concrete as the most widely used construction material is susceptible to crack when exposes to stresses. Various types of passive techniques have been introduced to fill the generated cracks, however the majority of them are not permanent, effective, and environmentally friendly. Over recent years, the embedment of an active mechanism called “self-healing mechanism” in concrete has been proposed as an alternative approach to ineffective passive techniques. Among the investigated self-healing mechanisms, bio self-healing approach has drawn considerable attention as it can address the cracking issues by inducing calcium carbonate in a sustainable way. However, the effectiveness of bio self-healing concrete highly depends on the successful protection of bacteria in concrete matrix. So far, various types of micro-scale and recently nano-scale protecting careers have been tested to evaluate the effectiveness of bio self-healing concrete. In this chapter, the latest nanobiotechnological self-healing approaches for protection of bacteria in a harsh concrete pH are discussed.

year: 2019-11-15

title: He kohikohinga kōrero nō Ngāti Kuia

authors: Hawea, Celia

subjects: Ngāti Kuia

abstract: Ko te tikanga o tēnei mahi rangahau kia whakautu i te pātai e whai ake nei. He aha ngā kōrero-ā-waha, ngā kōrero i roto i ngā pukapuka hoki ka pūmau tonu i ēnei rā mō ngā uri o Ngāti Kuia mō ngā tau kei te heke mai? 

Ko tēnei he kohikohinga nō ngā kōrero o Ngāti Kuia tētahi iwi e noho ana i te Tauihu o te Waka-o-Māui. Ētahi o ngā iwi Māori he maha ngā kōrero e pā ana ki a rātou, engari ko tēnei te pukapuka tuatahi tonu ka tāia e pā ana ki a Ngāti Kuia. Ehara tēnei i te titiro hōhonu, te titiro whānui rānei i ngā kōrero engari he kohikohinga noa iho nō ngā kōrero mō Ngāti Kuia ki roto te pukapuka kotahi. Nā reira, ki te hiahia tētahi kia whāia tēnei huarahi, koinei he tīmatanga, he paku āwhina hoki mōna. 

Ka āhua toru ngā wehenga o te kōrero nei. Ka tīmata i te kupu whakataki, i muri iho ko ngā āhuatanga o te mahi, arā, i pēhea ngā kōrero i kohikohia, ā, ko te whakapapa me ngā tūhonohononga o Ngāti Kuia ki ētahi atu iwi. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te kōrero o nehe rā, arā, ko ngā kōrero mō ngā atua a Tāwhaki rāua ko Māui, he kōrero mō Kupe, he whakataukī, he kōrero hoki mō ngā taniwha o te iwi. Nā, ko te wāhanga tuatoru e pā ana ki ngā tāngata rongonui o Ngāti Kuia, arā, ko Tūtepourangi, ko Tamairangi, ko Hinepoupou, ko Waikura, ko Kehaia.

text: He kohikohinga kōrero nō Ngāti Kuia Ko te tikanga o tēnei mahi rangahau kia whakautu i te pātai e whai ake nei. He aha ngā kōrero-ā-waha, ngā kōrero i roto i ngā pukapuka hoki ka pūmau tonu i ēnei rā mō ngā uri o Ngāti Kuia mō ngā tau kei te heke mai? 

Ko tēnei he kohikohinga nō ngā kōrero o Ngāti Kuia tētahi iwi e noho ana i te Tauihu o te Waka-o-Māui. Ētahi o ngā iwi Māori he maha ngā kōrero e pā ana ki a rātou, engari ko tēnei te pukapuka tuatahi tonu ka tāia e pā ana ki a Ngāti Kuia. Ehara tēnei i te titiro hōhonu, te titiro whānui rānei i ngā kōrero engari he kohikohinga noa iho nō ngā kōrero mō Ngāti Kuia ki roto te pukapuka kotahi. Nā reira, ki te hiahia tētahi kia whāia tēnei huarahi, koinei he tīmatanga, he paku āwhina hoki mōna. 

Ka āhua toru ngā wehenga o te kōrero nei. Ka tīmata i te kupu whakataki, i muri iho ko ngā āhuatanga o te mahi, arā, i pēhea ngā kōrero i kohikohia, ā, ko te whakapapa me ngā tūhonohononga o Ngāti Kuia ki ētahi atu iwi. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te kōrero o nehe rā, arā, ko ngā kōrero mō ngā atua a Tāwhaki rāua ko Māui, he kōrero mō Kupe, he whakataukī, he kōrero hoki mō ngā taniwha o te iwi. Nā, ko te wāhanga tuatoru e pā ana ki ngā tāngata rongonui o Ngāti Kuia, arā, ko Tūtepourangi, ko Tamairangi, ko Hinepoupou, ko Waikura, ko Kehaia.

year: 1995