title: Lake water quality modelling to assess management options for Lake Hayes

authors: McBride, Chris G.

abstract: Lake Hayes is an important ecological, historical and cultural asset to the Otago Region. The lake and its catchment have been substantially altered from their natural condition, including conversion of the catchment from forest to pasture, invasion of the lake by non-native macrophytes, blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and lake Trophic Level Index has increased over recent years (Figure A). Since 2010 the lake has been characterised by very poor water quality and pronounced summer algal blooms. This has attracted public attention and provided impetus from community and stakeholders to assess available management options for restoring water quality in the lake.

This report examines the drivers of poor water quality and associated algal blooms in the lake, and assesses various management options that have been either specifically proposed for Hayes, or have proven effective for other lakes in New Zealand and globally. Here we report on monitoring undertaken by Otago Regional Council in the catchment (surface inflows) and in the lake. Primarily, we apply state-of-the-art computer models to simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes within the lake. These simulations are then used to evaluate a range of management scenarios to provide guidance on the likely effects of management options.

text: Lake water quality modelling to assess management options for Lake Hayes Lake Hayes is an important ecological, historical and cultural asset to the Otago Region. The lake and its catchment have been substantially altered from their natural condition, including conversion of the catchment from forest to pasture, invasion of the lake by non-native macrophytes, blooms of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and lake Trophic Level Index has increased over recent years (Figure A). Since 2010 the lake has been characterised by very poor water quality and pronounced summer algal blooms. This has attracted public attention and provided impetus from community and stakeholders to assess available management options for restoring water quality in the lake.

This report examines the drivers of poor water quality and associated algal blooms in the lake, and assesses various management options that have been either specifically proposed for Hayes, or have proven effective for other lakes in New Zealand and globally. Here we report on monitoring undertaken by Otago Regional Council in the catchment (surface inflows) and in the lake. Primarily, we apply state-of-the-art computer models to simulate physical, chemical, and biological processes within the lake. These simulations are then used to evaluate a range of management scenarios to provide guidance on the likely effects of management options.

year: 2019

title: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm

authors: Nevill-Manning, Craig G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

text: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

year: 1996-11

title: Tūtereinga o Pirirākau: He piringa rākau,  he piringa whakairo, he piringa whare, he piringa mana Māori motuhake Reclaiming identity and mana Māori motuhake

authors: Rolleston, Elisha

subjects: Ngāti Ranginui

abstract: Since the early 19th century, colonisation has deeply harmed Pirirākau, a hapū of Ngāti Ranginui in Tauranga moana, severely and consistently undermining our vitality, livelihood, ambitions, and aspirations. Colonisation through the lens of land alienation, economic impoverishment, mass settler immigration, warfare, cultural marginalisation and assimilation, and multi-level hegemonic racism has had profound negative impacts on the identity, connectedness, sense of belonging, and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau.

As a counter-colonial strategy, this thesis explores the role that the Tūtereinga whare whakairo has contributed towards the reclamation of the identity and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau. Tūtereinga whare whakairo, a mnemonic architectural vessel fashioned with anthropomorphic figures, is pivotal in the reclamation of the identity and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau. Our wharenui is the focal point of our marae – Tūtereinga and remains the cornerstone of the identity of Pirirākau. The historic moments manifested in its carved patterns and structural elements are inextricably connected with and dependent upon the structure of the world fabricated by mātauranga Māori. However, due to the disastrous effects of colonisation, whakairo rākau and its associated architectural practices that are central to Māori identity and mana Māori motuhake suffered decline in many parts of Aotearoa, leading to the detrimental impacts of Māori identity and mana Māori motuhake.

Our wharenui Tūtereinga is a visual representation of our identity and mana that preserves our whakapapa, history, and inter-generational narratives unique to Pirirākau in the form of whakairo rākau, tukutuku, and kōwhaiwhai, enabling the transmission of knowledge for generations through traditional narratives and customary protocols and practices.

text: Tūtereinga o Pirirākau: He piringa rākau,  he piringa whakairo, he piringa whare, he piringa mana Māori motuhake Reclaiming identity and mana Māori motuhake Since the early 19th century, colonisation has deeply harmed Pirirākau, a hapū of Ngāti Ranginui in Tauranga moana, severely and consistently undermining our vitality, livelihood, ambitions, and aspirations. Colonisation through the lens of land alienation, economic impoverishment, mass settler immigration, warfare, cultural marginalisation and assimilation, and multi-level hegemonic racism has had profound negative impacts on the identity, connectedness, sense of belonging, and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau.

As a counter-colonial strategy, this thesis explores the role that the Tūtereinga whare whakairo has contributed towards the reclamation of the identity and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau. Tūtereinga whare whakairo, a mnemonic architectural vessel fashioned with anthropomorphic figures, is pivotal in the reclamation of the identity and mana Māori motuhake for Pirirākau. Our wharenui is the focal point of our marae – Tūtereinga and remains the cornerstone of the identity of Pirirākau. The historic moments manifested in its carved patterns and structural elements are inextricably connected with and dependent upon the structure of the world fabricated by mātauranga Māori. However, due to the disastrous effects of colonisation, whakairo rākau and its associated architectural practices that are central to Māori identity and mana Māori motuhake suffered decline in many parts of Aotearoa, leading to the detrimental impacts of Māori identity and mana Māori motuhake.

Our wharenui Tūtereinga is a visual representation of our identity and mana that preserves our whakapapa, history, and inter-generational narratives unique to Pirirākau in the form of whakairo rākau, tukutuku, and kōwhaiwhai, enabling the transmission of knowledge for generations through traditional narratives and customary protocols and practices.

year: 2024