title: The confiscation of Pare Hauraki: The impact of Te Ao Pākehā on the Iwi of Pare Hauraki Māori; on the whenua of Pare Hauraki 1835-1997 and The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004

authors: Peters, Murray Hamaka

subjects: Maori

abstract: Kia mau ki te rangatiratanga 
o te Iwi o Hauraki  

Just as the whakataukī  explains  Hold fast to the power and authority of the Hauraki tribes  the focus of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of Te Ao Pākehā on Pare Hauraki lands and Tīkapa Moana under the mana of Pare Hauraki Māori  and Pare Hauraki tikanga.  The iwi of Pare Hauraki have land claims through the, (Wai 100) and the Hauraki Māori Trust Board, before the Waitangi Tribunal highlighting whenua issues and their impact on Pare Hauraki iwi.  

Also relevant is the foreshore and seabed issue which is documented leading on to the infamous Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, (for Māori anyway), sparking widespread opposition by Māori throughout the country, and other supportive non-Māori groups because of  the issue concerning Māori kaitiiakitanga and guardianship roles.

This investigation will commence by outlining the histories of discovery and settlement of Pare Hauraki, the concept of mana-whenua/mana-moana  as it applies to Pare Hauraki Māori and our tikanga, and then to subsequent issues leading to land alienation of the early 19th to late 20th cenutries and then to the foreshore issue of the early 21st Century.   
 
This research will include information showing that before 1840 to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and thereafter that Pākehā and various Crown agents, through legislation claimed the rights to the lands, waterways and oceanic areas under the kaitiakitanga of my tupuna of Pare Hauraki.  Tupuna and other iwi members have expressed their disgust seeing the mana of their traditional lands, waterways, oceanic areas and kaitiaki roles slipping away from them through these activities. 

Therefore, this thesis is a response to those issues and the impact on (a), Māori as a people, and our tikanga Māori and (b), Pare Hauraki Māori as the kaitiaki/guardians of the Pare Hauraki rohe/territory in accordance with tikanga Māori, and the significance of the responsibilities which arise out of the Māori concepts of kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga.

text: The confiscation of Pare Hauraki: The impact of Te Ao Pākehā on the Iwi of Pare Hauraki Māori; on the whenua of Pare Hauraki 1835-1997 and The Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004 Kia mau ki te rangatiratanga 
o te Iwi o Hauraki  

Just as the whakataukī  explains  Hold fast to the power and authority of the Hauraki tribes  the focus of this study is to examine and evaluate the impact of Te Ao Pākehā on Pare Hauraki lands and Tīkapa Moana under the mana of Pare Hauraki Māori  and Pare Hauraki tikanga.  The iwi of Pare Hauraki have land claims through the, (Wai 100) and the Hauraki Māori Trust Board, before the Waitangi Tribunal highlighting whenua issues and their impact on Pare Hauraki iwi.  

Also relevant is the foreshore and seabed issue which is documented leading on to the infamous Foreshore and Seabed Act 2004, (for Māori anyway), sparking widespread opposition by Māori throughout the country, and other supportive non-Māori groups because of  the issue concerning Māori kaitiiakitanga and guardianship roles.

This investigation will commence by outlining the histories of discovery and settlement of Pare Hauraki, the concept of mana-whenua/mana-moana  as it applies to Pare Hauraki Māori and our tikanga, and then to subsequent issues leading to land alienation of the early 19th to late 20th cenutries and then to the foreshore issue of the early 21st Century.   
 
This research will include information showing that before 1840 to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and thereafter that Pākehā and various Crown agents, through legislation claimed the rights to the lands, waterways and oceanic areas under the kaitiakitanga of my tupuna of Pare Hauraki.  Tupuna and other iwi members have expressed their disgust seeing the mana of their traditional lands, waterways, oceanic areas and kaitiaki roles slipping away from them through these activities. 

Therefore, this thesis is a response to those issues and the impact on (a), Māori as a people, and our tikanga Māori and (b), Pare Hauraki Māori as the kaitiaki/guardians of the Pare Hauraki rohe/territory in accordance with tikanga Māori, and the significance of the responsibilities which arise out of the Māori concepts of kaitiakitanga, manaakitanga and rangatiratanga.

year: 2007

title: Cadastral reform of indigenous land information and environmental sustainability in New Zealand

authors: Jay, Grace Mairi M.

subjects: geography

abstract: New Zealand’s cadastral system has come under scrutiny in recent years, A sharp rise in the number of land claims by the country’s indigenous Maori, accompanied by historic environmental legislation, have prompted milk for cadastral reform. Although no consensus has yet emerged among experts about future cadastral reforms, land information mangers and Maori leaders generally concede the need for the overhaul of current land information management practices. However, any future reforms will have to reconcile seemingly incompatible goals, by being legally sound, culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. Most of the land in New Zealand is subject to legislation enacted within the past decade, which incorporates concern for the issues of sustainability, as well as the Maori’s cultural values and ancestral rights. The presence of this legislation, and a growing capacity among Maori to be involved, both mean that Maori concepts of land management and sustainability are receiving increasing attention in New Zealand, and are likely to influence the shape of future cadastral reforms for Maori lands.

text: Cadastral reform of indigenous land information and environmental sustainability in New Zealand New Zealand’s cadastral system has come under scrutiny in recent years, A sharp rise in the number of land claims by the country’s indigenous Maori, accompanied by historic environmental legislation, have prompted milk for cadastral reform. Although no consensus has yet emerged among experts about future cadastral reforms, land information mangers and Maori leaders generally concede the need for the overhaul of current land information management practices. However, any future reforms will have to reconcile seemingly incompatible goals, by being legally sound, culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. Most of the land in New Zealand is subject to legislation enacted within the past decade, which incorporates concern for the issues of sustainability, as well as the Maori’s cultural values and ancestral rights. The presence of this legislation, and a growing capacity among Maori to be involved, both mean that Maori concepts of land management and sustainability are receiving increasing attention in New Zealand, and are likely to influence the shape of future cadastral reforms for Maori lands.

year: 1997

title: Positive, Negative, or Neutral: Learning an Expanded Opinion Lexicon from Emoticon-annotated Tweets

authors: Bravo-Marquez, Felipe

subjects: Machine learning

abstract: We present a supervised framework for expanding an opinion lexicon for tweets. The lexicon contains part-of-speech (POS) disambiguated entries with a three-dimensional probability distribution for positive, negative, and neutral polarities. To obtain this distribution using machine learning, we propose word-level attributes based on POS tags and information calculated from streams of emoticon annotated tweets. Our experimental results show that our method outperforms the three-dimensional word-level polarity classification performance obtained by semantic orientation, a state-of-the-art measure for establishing world-level sentiment.

text: Positive, Negative, or Neutral: Learning an Expanded Opinion Lexicon from Emoticon-annotated Tweets We present a supervised framework for expanding an opinion lexicon for tweets. The lexicon contains part-of-speech (POS) disambiguated entries with a three-dimensional probability distribution for positive, negative, and neutral polarities. To obtain this distribution using machine learning, we propose word-level attributes based on POS tags and information calculated from streams of emoticon annotated tweets. Our experimental results show that our method outperforms the three-dimensional word-level polarity classification performance obtained by semantic orientation, a state-of-the-art measure for establishing world-level sentiment.

year: 2015