title: Indigenous voices

authors: Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor

abstract: Indigenous people and their communities have a vital role in environmental management and development, and states should (in accordance with principle 22 of the Rio Declaration 1992) recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development. This paper will critically analyse the normative influence of tikanga Māori, non-doctrinal methods for discovering tikanga Māori, the special rules for interpretation of tikanga, and the wider application of customary values.

text: Indigenous voices Indigenous people and their communities have a vital role in environmental management and development, and states should (in accordance with principle 22 of the Rio Declaration 1992) recognize and duly support their identity, culture and interests and enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development. This paper will critically analyse the normative influence of tikanga Māori, non-doctrinal methods for discovering tikanga Māori, the special rules for interpretation of tikanga, and the wider application of customary values.

year: 2022-07-11

title: Implementation framework for chronic disease intervention effectiveness in Maori and other indigenous communities

authors: Oetzel, John G.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Background: About 40% of all health burden in New Zealand is due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes/obesity. Outcomes for Māori (indigenous people) are significantly worse than non-Maori; these inequities mirror those found in indigenous communities elsewhere. Evidence-based interventions with established efficacy may not be effective in indigenous communities without addressing specific implementation challenges. We present an implementation framework for interventions to prevent and treat chronic conditions for Māori and other indigenous communities.
Theoretical framework: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework has indigenous self-determination at its core and consists of four elements: cultural-centeredness, community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated knowledge translation. All elements have conceptual fit with Kaupapa Māori aspirations (i.e., indigenous knowledge creation, theorizing, and methodology) and all have demonstrated evidence of positive implementation outcomes.
Applying the framework: A coding scheme derived from the Framework was applied to 13 studies of diabetes prevention in indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States from a systematic review. Cross-tabulations demonstrated that culture-centeredness (p = .008) and community engagement (p = .009) explained differences in diabetes outcomes and community engagement (p = .098) explained difference in blood pressure outcomes.
Implications and conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework appears to be well suited to advance implementation science for indigenous communities in general and Māori in particular. The framework has promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design effective interventions for chronic disease prevention in indigenous communities.

text: Implementation framework for chronic disease intervention effectiveness in Maori and other indigenous communities Background: About 40% of all health burden in New Zealand is due to cancer, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes/obesity. Outcomes for Māori (indigenous people) are significantly worse than non-Maori; these inequities mirror those found in indigenous communities elsewhere. Evidence-based interventions with established efficacy may not be effective in indigenous communities without addressing specific implementation challenges. We present an implementation framework for interventions to prevent and treat chronic conditions for Māori and other indigenous communities.
Theoretical framework: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework has indigenous self-determination at its core and consists of four elements: cultural-centeredness, community engagement, systems thinking, and integrated knowledge translation. All elements have conceptual fit with Kaupapa Māori aspirations (i.e., indigenous knowledge creation, theorizing, and methodology) and all have demonstrated evidence of positive implementation outcomes.
Applying the framework: A coding scheme derived from the Framework was applied to 13 studies of diabetes prevention in indigenous communities in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States from a systematic review. Cross-tabulations demonstrated that culture-centeredness (p = .008) and community engagement (p = .009) explained differences in diabetes outcomes and community engagement (p = .098) explained difference in blood pressure outcomes.
Implications and conclusions: The He Pikinga Waiora Implementation Framework appears to be well suited to advance implementation science for indigenous communities in general and Māori in particular. The framework has promise as a policy and planning tool to evaluate and design effective interventions for chronic disease prevention in indigenous communities.

year: 2017

title: A general model for temperatures of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water droplets

authors: Bardsley, W. Earl

abstract: Asymptotic extreme-value theory is used as the basis of a stochastic model which predicts aspects of the freezing behavior of supercooled water droplets. The model gives a general theoretical base to an earlier empirical function relating droplet volume to droplet freezing temperature. At the same time, the model indicates that the established empirical relation is only one of three possible functions linking droplet volume and temperature of freezing. 
The three functions arise as a consequence of three possible extreme-value distributions of droplet freezing temperatures, and the form of each function predicts the type and parameter values of the distributions concerned. The proposed model is amenable to rigorous experimental verification since both the distribution type and parameter values can be estimated independently from droplet freezing data.

text: A general model for temperatures of heterogeneous nucleation of supercooled water droplets Asymptotic extreme-value theory is used as the basis of a stochastic model which predicts aspects of the freezing behavior of supercooled water droplets. The model gives a general theoretical base to an earlier empirical function relating droplet volume to droplet freezing temperature. At the same time, the model indicates that the established empirical relation is only one of three possible functions linking droplet volume and temperature of freezing. 
The three functions arise as a consequence of three possible extreme-value distributions of droplet freezing temperatures, and the form of each function predicts the type and parameter values of the distributions concerned. The proposed model is amenable to rigorous experimental verification since both the distribution type and parameter values can be estimated independently from droplet freezing data.

year: 1984