title: A Scalable and Fault Tolerant OpenFlow Controller

authors: Sharma, Karthik Neelakanta

subjects: OpenFlow

abstract: OpenFlow provides a protocol for updating flow tables in switches. Most current OpenFlow deployments rely on a single controller to control all switches. However, as the number and size of production networks deploying OpenFlow
increases, relying on a single controller for the entire network might not be feasible for several reasons. First, the amount of control traffic destined towards the centralized controller grows with the number of switches. Second, since the system is bound by the processing power of the controller, low setup times can grow significantly as demand grows with the size of the network. Finally single controller architecture has zero fault tolerance which makes it non-ideal for large enterprise level deployments. In this thesis, the existing work that has been done to build scalable and fault tolerant controllers has been explored. After learning and understanding different systems we have built our own database backed scalable and fault tolerant controller. The database that was used for this purpose is Titan Graph database, with a Cassandra backend. A custom version of a simple switch application was built to demonstrate the scalability and fault tolerance of
our architecture. Some performance comparisons between our version of simple switch and the original version were also carried out. Finally in this thesis some
future enhancements that we would like to implement are outlined.

text: A Scalable and Fault Tolerant OpenFlow Controller OpenFlow provides a protocol for updating flow tables in switches. Most current OpenFlow deployments rely on a single controller to control all switches. However, as the number and size of production networks deploying OpenFlow
increases, relying on a single controller for the entire network might not be feasible for several reasons. First, the amount of control traffic destined towards the centralized controller grows with the number of switches. Second, since the system is bound by the processing power of the controller, low setup times can grow significantly as demand grows with the size of the network. Finally single controller architecture has zero fault tolerance which makes it non-ideal for large enterprise level deployments. In this thesis, the existing work that has been done to build scalable and fault tolerant controllers has been explored. After learning and understanding different systems we have built our own database backed scalable and fault tolerant controller. The database that was used for this purpose is Titan Graph database, with a Cassandra backend. A custom version of a simple switch application was built to demonstrate the scalability and fault tolerance of
our architecture. Some performance comparisons between our version of simple switch and the original version were also carried out. Finally in this thesis some
future enhancements that we would like to implement are outlined.

year: 2015

title: Political parties, strongmen and populism: Why Jair Bolsonaro won the 2018 Brazilian election

authors: Tait, Paul James

subjects: Jair Bolsonaro

abstract: The election of Jair Bolsonaro as President of Brazil in 2018 is an example of the recent global phenomenon of election victories by right-wing populist leaders, such as Donald Trump, Rodrigo Duterte, and Viktor Orbán. However, Bolsonaro’s election victory was driven by a range of critical domestic factors, not just by populism. This thesis explains how the nature of Brazil’s political parties and electoral system contributed to Bolsonaro’s victory. Bolsonaro was the candidate of a minor party, the Social Liberal Party (PSL), and exploited weaknesses in two major parties, the Workers Party (PT) and the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), who won Brazil’s elections from 1994 to 2014. Brazil’s two-round system enabled Bolsonaro to consolidate the support of a broad coalition of voters frustrated with PT rule and the traditional opposition.

Bolsonaro also campaigned as a change candidate and as a pro-military strongman, rather than as a conventional politician reliant on the support of a political party organization. He appealed to voters dissatisfied with former governments, constant corruption scandals, and economic turmoil. Bolsonaro’s victory is consistent with José Nun’s argument that the middle classes support democracy in good economic times but accept authoritarian options when they start struggling. Bolsonaro successfully used a style of exclusionary populism in his election campaign, to gain media attention and voter support. Nevertheless, populism was a communication method and campaign tactic, and not the fundamental basis of Bolsonaro’s unexpected election as president.

text: Political parties, strongmen and populism: Why Jair Bolsonaro won the 2018 Brazilian election The election of Jair Bolsonaro as President of Brazil in 2018 is an example of the recent global phenomenon of election victories by right-wing populist leaders, such as Donald Trump, Rodrigo Duterte, and Viktor Orbán. However, Bolsonaro’s election victory was driven by a range of critical domestic factors, not just by populism. This thesis explains how the nature of Brazil’s political parties and electoral system contributed to Bolsonaro’s victory. Bolsonaro was the candidate of a minor party, the Social Liberal Party (PSL), and exploited weaknesses in two major parties, the Workers Party (PT) and the Brazilian Social Democratic Party (PSDB), who won Brazil’s elections from 1994 to 2014. Brazil’s two-round system enabled Bolsonaro to consolidate the support of a broad coalition of voters frustrated with PT rule and the traditional opposition.

Bolsonaro also campaigned as a change candidate and as a pro-military strongman, rather than as a conventional politician reliant on the support of a political party organization. He appealed to voters dissatisfied with former governments, constant corruption scandals, and economic turmoil. Bolsonaro’s victory is consistent with José Nun’s argument that the middle classes support democracy in good economic times but accept authoritarian options when they start struggling. Bolsonaro successfully used a style of exclusionary populism in his election campaign, to gain media attention and voter support. Nevertheless, populism was a communication method and campaign tactic, and not the fundamental basis of Bolsonaro’s unexpected election as president.

year: 2020

title: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of spatial databases

authors: Whangapirita, Laura

subjects: Maori

abstract: As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we identified and analysed a number of spatial datasets managed by the Information Resource Group. This report has been prepared to contribute towards developing a resource fro Environment Waikato’s Strategic Plan Review Teams.

text: Maori perspectives of the environment: A review of spatial databases As part of our broader brief to gather, summarise, analyse and distribute information held by Environment Waikato on Maori and the environment, we identified and analysed a number of spatial datasets managed by the Information Resource Group. This report has been prepared to contribute towards developing a resource fro Environment Waikato’s Strategic Plan Review Teams.

year: 2003-11