title: Anaerobic transformation of halocarboxylic acids and phenolic compounds by photosynthetic bacteria

authors: McGrath, Jason Edward

abstract: The ability of photosynthetic bacteria to transform phenolic compounds and halocarboxylic acids under photoheterotrophic growth conditions was assessed and studied. 
Attempts to isolate strains of phototrophic bacteria capable of degrading phenolic compounds yielded a strain of the purple nonsulfur bacteria species Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The isolated strain showed growth to a high cell density on phenol, although this may have been in conjunction with a sulfate reducing bacteria. Certain type strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria were able to grow on phenol and a small number of substituted phenols. Rhodospirillum rubrum DSM 467 showed growth to a high cell density on the pesticide 2,4- dinitrophenol at a concentration of 1.5 mM. The initial step in the degradation was shown to be a reduction of the ortho-nitro group to an amino group, transforming the compound to 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. 

A number of purple nonsulfur bacteria type strains were reported for the first time to utilise halocarboxylic acids for photoheterotrophic growth. Growth rates and optimum growth concentrations increased when cells were previously adapted for growth on the halocarboxylic acid substrates. Collectively, the purple nonsulfur bacteria can grow at the expense of brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated acetic and propionic acids. The mechanism of degradation was shown to be via reductive dehalogenation. The results suggest that the purple nonsulfur bacteria may play a significant role in the transformation of phenolic and halogenated compounds in anaerobic sediments, particularly in cases of heavy contamination where the ability of these bacteria to grow on high concentrations of these compounds could allow them to proliferate.

text: Anaerobic transformation of halocarboxylic acids and phenolic compounds by photosynthetic bacteria The ability of photosynthetic bacteria to transform phenolic compounds and halocarboxylic acids under photoheterotrophic growth conditions was assessed and studied. 
Attempts to isolate strains of phototrophic bacteria capable of degrading phenolic compounds yielded a strain of the purple nonsulfur bacteria species Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The isolated strain showed growth to a high cell density on phenol, although this may have been in conjunction with a sulfate reducing bacteria. Certain type strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria were able to grow on phenol and a small number of substituted phenols. Rhodospirillum rubrum DSM 467 showed growth to a high cell density on the pesticide 2,4- dinitrophenol at a concentration of 1.5 mM. The initial step in the degradation was shown to be a reduction of the ortho-nitro group to an amino group, transforming the compound to 2-amino-4-nitrophenol. 

A number of purple nonsulfur bacteria type strains were reported for the first time to utilise halocarboxylic acids for photoheterotrophic growth. Growth rates and optimum growth concentrations increased when cells were previously adapted for growth on the halocarboxylic acid substrates. Collectively, the purple nonsulfur bacteria can grow at the expense of brominated, chlorinated, and fluorinated acetic and propionic acids. The mechanism of degradation was shown to be via reductive dehalogenation. The results suggest that the purple nonsulfur bacteria may play a significant role in the transformation of phenolic and halogenated compounds in anaerobic sediments, particularly in cases of heavy contamination where the ability of these bacteria to grow on high concentrations of these compounds could allow them to proliferate.

year: 2000

title: Twitter in education

authors: Wright, Noeline

abstract: This special issue of e-Learning and Digital Media arose from a chance discussion at lunch one day, when one of us mentioned to the outgoing editors of this journal that she had just managed to connect with someone from the other side of the world (they must have been up late!) and share ideas of interest to us both, particularly through using the DM (direct message) function in Twitter as a private conversation.

text: Twitter in education This special issue of e-Learning and Digital Media arose from a chance discussion at lunch one day, when one of us mentioned to the outgoing editors of this journal that she had just managed to connect with someone from the other side of the world (they must have been up late!) and share ideas of interest to us both, particularly through using the DM (direct message) function in Twitter as a private conversation.

year: 2016

title: Growth out of loss: The urban discourses of literatures of the Native American and Māori literary renaissance

authors: Waterman, Jason

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: The seeds of the Native American and Māori Renaissance eras germinated amid sweeping changes in the years immediately following World War II, a time when urbanization and the consequent separation of indigenous peoples from community networks represented a major threat to culturally embedded certainties and destabilized romanticized notions of the past. This article explores parallels between the ways in which Native American and Māori literatures reflect the impact of urbanization at the height of this era and the contribution the authors make to the positive cultural growth that defines their respective renaissance periods.

text: Growth out of loss: The urban discourses of literatures of the Native American and Māori literary renaissance The seeds of the Native American and Māori Renaissance eras germinated amid sweeping changes in the years immediately following World War II, a time when urbanization and the consequent separation of indigenous peoples from community networks represented a major threat to culturally embedded certainties and destabilized romanticized notions of the past. This article explores parallels between the ways in which Native American and Māori literatures reflect the impact of urbanization at the height of this era and the contribution the authors make to the positive cultural growth that defines their respective renaissance periods.

year: 2009-09