title: Introduction to New Zealand

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: New Zealand consists of a cluster of islands, the three largest being North, South, and Stewart, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. They have a total land area of about 270 000 km2 (similar to that of the British Isles or Japan). The islands are the small emergent parts of a much larger submarine continental mass (Fig. 0.1) that was rafted away from Australia and Antarctica by sea-floor spreading in the proto-Tasman Sea between 85 and 60 Ma. Much of this New Zealand subcontinent is a remnant of the former eastern margin of Gondwanaland, the ancient southern supercontinent. The mainland islands form a long, narrow, NE-SW trending archipelago bisected by an active, obliquely converging, boundary between the Australian and Pacific lithospheric plates (Fig. 0.2), which has evolved over the last 25 million years (Kamp 1992). The plate boundary is marked by active seismicity and volcanic arcs, illustrating New Zealand's position as part of the Circum-Pacific Mobile Belt -the so-called "Pacific Ring of Fire". The NE-SW trend of the modem plate boundary cuts across mainly NW-SE oriented structural features inherited from earlier (mid-Cretaceous) rifting events.

text: Introduction to New Zealand New Zealand consists of a cluster of islands, the three largest being North, South, and Stewart, in the southwest Pacific Ocean. They have a total land area of about 270 000 km2 (similar to that of the British Isles or Japan). The islands are the small emergent parts of a much larger submarine continental mass (Fig. 0.1) that was rafted away from Australia and Antarctica by sea-floor spreading in the proto-Tasman Sea between 85 and 60 Ma. Much of this New Zealand subcontinent is a remnant of the former eastern margin of Gondwanaland, the ancient southern supercontinent. The mainland islands form a long, narrow, NE-SW trending archipelago bisected by an active, obliquely converging, boundary between the Australian and Pacific lithospheric plates (Fig. 0.2), which has evolved over the last 25 million years (Kamp 1992). The plate boundary is marked by active seismicity and volcanic arcs, illustrating New Zealand's position as part of the Circum-Pacific Mobile Belt -the so-called "Pacific Ring of Fire". The NE-SW trend of the modem plate boundary cuts across mainly NW-SE oriented structural features inherited from earlier (mid-Cretaceous) rifting events.

year: 1994

title: Factors affecting the replacement of wooden harvesting bins with plastic equivalents for the New Zealand kiwifruit industry

authors: Harmandeep, Jaura

subjects: harvesting

abstract: The New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry is one of the biggest in the world. New Zealand grown kiwifruit is exported to more than 60 countries with Europe, Japan, Asia and U.S being the major markets. Currently, wooden bins are used for picking, handling and storing kiwifruit. Horticulture industries in many countries including the U.S, Europe, and Australia started using plastic harvesting bins over 40 years ago due to additional benefits of using plastic. However, this technology is still not put into practice in New Zealand mainly due to wood availability, familiarity with wooden bins and lack of knowledge reflecting the benefits of plastic harvesting bins. In this study, physical damage to kiwifruit in contact to different types of wooden and plastic harvesting bins was quantified and compared. The objective of the research was to indentify various physical damage mechanisms to kiwifruit and their relative significance during harvesting and storage. Mechanical damage was simulated as compression, abrasion and impact tests, conducted under laboratory conditions. The main finding of this research was that contact with wooden surfaces caused a significant amount of visible damage to kiwifruit, more so than any plastic surface. In terms of venting, 10mm vents in plastic showed least amount of damage. Compression on 10 mm plastic vents resulted in only 10 % fruit rejection , which was the minimum among all tests under ambient and coolstorage conditions. Almost all tests with wood resulted in 100% fruit rejection; this means that the whole bottom layered fruit would be rejected from a wooden bin. No significant differences were observed in percentage mass loss of fruit compressed on different wooden surfaces for both 10 and 25N firmness fruit under ambient and coolstorage conditions. This suggested that for wood, having flat or vented surface does not make a difference in percentage mass loss. It was found that impacting fruit on wooden and flat plastic surfaces caused about 30% fruit bruising, however, no bruising was observed in fruit impacted on vented plastic surfaces. It can be concluded that plastic bins are superior to wooden bins due to less fruit wastage and bruising. The research established that the initial investment of replacing a wooden harvesting with a plastic bin can be recovered within first 5 years. In addition, plastic bin would recover more than its cost by savings on less fruit rejection.

text: Factors affecting the replacement of wooden harvesting bins with plastic equivalents for the New Zealand kiwifruit industry The New Zealand Kiwifruit Industry is one of the biggest in the world. New Zealand grown kiwifruit is exported to more than 60 countries with Europe, Japan, Asia and U.S being the major markets. Currently, wooden bins are used for picking, handling and storing kiwifruit. Horticulture industries in many countries including the U.S, Europe, and Australia started using plastic harvesting bins over 40 years ago due to additional benefits of using plastic. However, this technology is still not put into practice in New Zealand mainly due to wood availability, familiarity with wooden bins and lack of knowledge reflecting the benefits of plastic harvesting bins. In this study, physical damage to kiwifruit in contact to different types of wooden and plastic harvesting bins was quantified and compared. The objective of the research was to indentify various physical damage mechanisms to kiwifruit and their relative significance during harvesting and storage. Mechanical damage was simulated as compression, abrasion and impact tests, conducted under laboratory conditions. The main finding of this research was that contact with wooden surfaces caused a significant amount of visible damage to kiwifruit, more so than any plastic surface. In terms of venting, 10mm vents in plastic showed least amount of damage. Compression on 10 mm plastic vents resulted in only 10 % fruit rejection , which was the minimum among all tests under ambient and coolstorage conditions. Almost all tests with wood resulted in 100% fruit rejection; this means that the whole bottom layered fruit would be rejected from a wooden bin. No significant differences were observed in percentage mass loss of fruit compressed on different wooden surfaces for both 10 and 25N firmness fruit under ambient and coolstorage conditions. This suggested that for wood, having flat or vented surface does not make a difference in percentage mass loss. It was found that impacting fruit on wooden and flat plastic surfaces caused about 30% fruit bruising, however, no bruising was observed in fruit impacted on vented plastic surfaces. It can be concluded that plastic bins are superior to wooden bins due to less fruit wastage and bruising. The research established that the initial investment of replacing a wooden harvesting with a plastic bin can be recovered within first 5 years. In addition, plastic bin would recover more than its cost by savings on less fruit rejection.

year: 2010

title: Four decades after a ‘Whiter Shade of Pale’: An update on professional psychology programme responsiveness to Indigenous Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Waitoki, Waikaremoana

abstract: I te tau 1987, i whakaputaina e Max Abbott raua ko Mason Durie te pepa, 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' i tiro whanui ai i nga taunakitanga mo te mahi whakatuanui ahurea tahi (te arotuapori rato) i waenga i nga hotaka whakangungu kia huri te akonga hei kaimatai hinengaro rehita. E wha nga ngahurutau (2023) i muri mai, ka taruatia e matou te rangahau, a, i tonoa nga kaihautu hotaka (n = 15) kia whakahoki korero mai mo nga kaimahi o te hotaka; nga ranga tohutohu Maori; nga akonga o te hotaka; me nga kaupapa ako o te hotaka. I whakaaturia e nga tatari whakataurite te whakapiki ake o nga nama o nga kaiako Maori, nga kaupapa aronga Maori, me te whakapumautanga o nga hononga ki nga ranga tohutohu Maori. Heoi ano, ko te nuinga o nga kaihautu i whakapuaki mai i nga awangawanga mo te iti haere o nga akonga Maori e tono ana ki nga hotaka ngaio. Ko ta matou rangahau e miramira nei, ahakoa nga whakapikinga, na nga tauarai mauroa i whakaaweawe ai nga urupare whai tikanga ki Te Tiriti o Waitangi i nga wahi katoa o te akoranga.

In 1987, Max Abbott and Mason Durie published the 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' paper that outlined evidence of monocultural (Eurocentric) dominance within training programmes to become a registered psychologist. Four decades (2023) later we replicated the study and invited programme directors (n = 15) to comment on programme staff; Maori advisory bodies; programme students; and programme content. Comparative analyses revealed improvements in the number of Maori teaching staff, Maori-focused content, and established links with Maori advisory bodies. However, most directors (77%) expressed concerns about the limited number of Maori students applying to the professional programmes. Our study highlights that despite improvements, ongoing barriers impact meaningful responses to Te Tiriti o Waitangi in all areas of the discipline.

text: Four decades after a ‘Whiter Shade of Pale’: An update on professional psychology programme responsiveness to Indigenous Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand I te tau 1987, i whakaputaina e Max Abbott raua ko Mason Durie te pepa, 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' i tiro whanui ai i nga taunakitanga mo te mahi whakatuanui ahurea tahi (te arotuapori rato) i waenga i nga hotaka whakangungu kia huri te akonga hei kaimatai hinengaro rehita. E wha nga ngahurutau (2023) i muri mai, ka taruatia e matou te rangahau, a, i tonoa nga kaihautu hotaka (n = 15) kia whakahoki korero mai mo nga kaimahi o te hotaka; nga ranga tohutohu Maori; nga akonga o te hotaka; me nga kaupapa ako o te hotaka. I whakaaturia e nga tatari whakataurite te whakapiki ake o nga nama o nga kaiako Maori, nga kaupapa aronga Maori, me te whakapumautanga o nga hononga ki nga ranga tohutohu Maori. Heoi ano, ko te nuinga o nga kaihautu i whakapuaki mai i nga awangawanga mo te iti haere o nga akonga Maori e tono ana ki nga hotaka ngaio. Ko ta matou rangahau e miramira nei, ahakoa nga whakapikinga, na nga tauarai mauroa i whakaaweawe ai nga urupare whai tikanga ki Te Tiriti o Waitangi i nga wahi katoa o te akoranga.

In 1987, Max Abbott and Mason Durie published the 'A Whiter Shade of Pale' paper that outlined evidence of monocultural (Eurocentric) dominance within training programmes to become a registered psychologist. Four decades (2023) later we replicated the study and invited programme directors (n = 15) to comment on programme staff; Maori advisory bodies; programme students; and programme content. Comparative analyses revealed improvements in the number of Maori teaching staff, Maori-focused content, and established links with Maori advisory bodies. However, most directors (77%) expressed concerns about the limited number of Maori students applying to the professional programmes. Our study highlights that despite improvements, ongoing barriers impact meaningful responses to Te Tiriti o Waitangi in all areas of the discipline.

year: 2023-12-31