title: Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall

authors: Long, Lauren M.

subjects: DEA

abstract: Denitrification walls are a low-cost approach for removing excess nitrate (NO₃⁻) from shallow groundwater. Denitrification walls need to be maintenance-free for a number of years to remain cost effective, but little is known about the longevity of these walls. In this study, a denitrification wall constructed on a New Zealand dairy farm in 1996 was monitored to determine NO₃⁻ removal by the wall 14 years after installation. After 14 years, the denitrification wall removed 92% of NO₃⁻ input, which ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 mg N L−1. The NO₃⁻ input to the wall had decreased since first constructed, which was attributed to a change in upslope irrigation practices on the farm. Denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) remained high after 14 years and the wall remained NO₃⁻ limited. However, total C and microbial biomass C in the wall had decreased by approximately half, while available C remained relatively constant since year 2. By applying a first order decay curve, it was determined that total C in the denitrification wall would not be depleted for 66 years, but it is unclear at what amount of total C that denitrification would become limited. This long-term study suggested that denitrification walls are cost effective solutions for remediating groundwater NO₃⁻ pollution, as they can be effective for a number of years without any maintenance.

text: Long-term nitrate removal in a denitrification wall Denitrification walls are a low-cost approach for removing excess nitrate (NO₃⁻) from shallow groundwater. Denitrification walls need to be maintenance-free for a number of years to remain cost effective, but little is known about the longevity of these walls. In this study, a denitrification wall constructed on a New Zealand dairy farm in 1996 was monitored to determine NO₃⁻ removal by the wall 14 years after installation. After 14 years, the denitrification wall removed 92% of NO₃⁻ input, which ranged from 2.2 to 3.7 mg N L−1. The NO₃⁻ input to the wall had decreased since first constructed, which was attributed to a change in upslope irrigation practices on the farm. Denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) remained high after 14 years and the wall remained NO₃⁻ limited. However, total C and microbial biomass C in the wall had decreased by approximately half, while available C remained relatively constant since year 2. By applying a first order decay curve, it was determined that total C in the denitrification wall would not be depleted for 66 years, but it is unclear at what amount of total C that denitrification would become limited. This long-term study suggested that denitrification walls are cost effective solutions for remediating groundwater NO₃⁻ pollution, as they can be effective for a number of years without any maintenance.

year: 2011

title: Curriculum implementation exploratory studies: Final report

authors: Cowie, Bronwen

subjects: education

abstract: Throughout the history of schooling in New Zealand the national curriculum has been revised at fairly regular intervals. Consequently, schools are periodically faced with having to accommodate to new curriculum. In between major changes other specifically-focused changes may arise; for example, the increased recent emphasis upon numeracy and literacy.

text: Curriculum implementation exploratory studies: Final report Throughout the history of schooling in New Zealand the national curriculum has been revised at fairly regular intervals. Consequently, schools are periodically faced with having to accommodate to new curriculum. In between major changes other specifically-focused changes may arise; for example, the increased recent emphasis upon numeracy and literacy.

year: 2009

title: Tariao Whitiwhitiora

authors: Totorewa, Te Oko Horoi

abstract: I te tau 1875 i tiihooka tahi atu a Kiingi Taawhiao ki Taranaki ka tau ki mua ki te aroaro o Te Uahaumeene. Matua raa ko te rongomau me te rangimaaria, te kotahitanga me te aroha o teetehi ki teetehi maa roto mai i te whakapono ki te atua te whaainga i haere ai ia.

Ka tutuki i a Kiingi Taawhiao te rongomau me te rangimaaria, te kotahitanga me te aroha o teetehi ki teetehi maa te whakakotahi i ngaa ngaa koorero, ngaa hiitori, ngaa whakapapa, ngaa maataapono mai o te taioretanga o ngoo taatou tuupuna ka toopuuria ki te whakapono Tariao.

He whakapono teenei i whakaorangia e ia, e Kiingi Taawhiao maa roto mai i te tongikura, “E Ua, e toru ngaa taonga kei te kapu o taku ringa, ko te Mihinare, ko te Katorika me te Weteriana. Homai taau ka whaa. Kopi katoa ngeenei taonga i au ki te kapu o taku ringa, ka puta ko te Paimaarire.” Ko te whakapono Tariao me ngaa karakia Paimaarie ka hikitia, ka haapaingia tonu e maatou ngaa mangainga, ngaa kaiwhakapuumau i te Kiingitanga inaa raa koia teenei te whakapono matua moo te Kiingitanga.

I teenei tuhinga whakapae ko te whakapono Tariao te taahuhu o ngaa koorero. I konei ngahere mai ai te kaupapa matua o teenei tuhinga.

“He kura Tariao he kura whakapapa, te herenga ki te whakaoranga o Waikato tangata”

Ko teenei kaupapa ka whakarukuhia maa te rangahau i te ahunga mai o te maatauranga kei aa teenei whakapono i whea. Ka rangahautia ko te whakapaparanga o Kiingi Taawhiao mai i te Kore, ki a Rangi raaua ko Papa heke iho mai ki a Hoturoa, aa, ka tau ki a ia ki a Kiingi Taawhiao inaa raa, ko ngeenei momo he mea e tauiratia ana ki roto ki ngaa karakia, ki ngaa Kura kei teenei whakapono.

Ka hereherea ko Te Uahaumeene ki koneki naa, ki ngaa koorero e kitea ai maa whea i puaawai mai ai te Tariao me ngaa karakia Paimaarire. Ko te Kiingitanga me ngaana pehonga kaupapa e taapae atu ana ki te oranga o teenei whakapono maa te whakamahi i teenei whakapono teeraa ka waahia. Taea noatia ki te puutakenga mai o te whakapono ake, ngoonaa koorero, ngoona tuuranga, ngoona karakia, ngoona kura, ngoona whakamaaramatanga, tau iho mai ki te reo
 
tupuna o roto. Ko ngaa aupiki me ngaa auheke, te whakaraakeiora hoki i waatea mai, i whaipaanga atu ki te whakapono Tariao ka whakamaaramahia. Ka whakamutua atu me te taatari i ngaa putanga ka puta e kite ake ai me he herenga too teenei whakapono ki te whakaoranga o Waikato tangata.

text: Tariao Whitiwhitiora I te tau 1875 i tiihooka tahi atu a Kiingi Taawhiao ki Taranaki ka tau ki mua ki te aroaro o Te Uahaumeene. Matua raa ko te rongomau me te rangimaaria, te kotahitanga me te aroha o teetehi ki teetehi maa roto mai i te whakapono ki te atua te whaainga i haere ai ia.

Ka tutuki i a Kiingi Taawhiao te rongomau me te rangimaaria, te kotahitanga me te aroha o teetehi ki teetehi maa te whakakotahi i ngaa ngaa koorero, ngaa hiitori, ngaa whakapapa, ngaa maataapono mai o te taioretanga o ngoo taatou tuupuna ka toopuuria ki te whakapono Tariao.

He whakapono teenei i whakaorangia e ia, e Kiingi Taawhiao maa roto mai i te tongikura, “E Ua, e toru ngaa taonga kei te kapu o taku ringa, ko te Mihinare, ko te Katorika me te Weteriana. Homai taau ka whaa. Kopi katoa ngeenei taonga i au ki te kapu o taku ringa, ka puta ko te Paimaarire.” Ko te whakapono Tariao me ngaa karakia Paimaarie ka hikitia, ka haapaingia tonu e maatou ngaa mangainga, ngaa kaiwhakapuumau i te Kiingitanga inaa raa koia teenei te whakapono matua moo te Kiingitanga.

I teenei tuhinga whakapae ko te whakapono Tariao te taahuhu o ngaa koorero. I konei ngahere mai ai te kaupapa matua o teenei tuhinga.

“He kura Tariao he kura whakapapa, te herenga ki te whakaoranga o Waikato tangata”

Ko teenei kaupapa ka whakarukuhia maa te rangahau i te ahunga mai o te maatauranga kei aa teenei whakapono i whea. Ka rangahautia ko te whakapaparanga o Kiingi Taawhiao mai i te Kore, ki a Rangi raaua ko Papa heke iho mai ki a Hoturoa, aa, ka tau ki a ia ki a Kiingi Taawhiao inaa raa, ko ngeenei momo he mea e tauiratia ana ki roto ki ngaa karakia, ki ngaa Kura kei teenei whakapono.

Ka hereherea ko Te Uahaumeene ki koneki naa, ki ngaa koorero e kitea ai maa whea i puaawai mai ai te Tariao me ngaa karakia Paimaarire. Ko te Kiingitanga me ngaana pehonga kaupapa e taapae atu ana ki te oranga o teenei whakapono maa te whakamahi i teenei whakapono teeraa ka waahia. Taea noatia ki te puutakenga mai o te whakapono ake, ngoonaa koorero, ngoona tuuranga, ngoona karakia, ngoona kura, ngoona whakamaaramatanga, tau iho mai ki te reo
 
tupuna o roto. Ko ngaa aupiki me ngaa auheke, te whakaraakeiora hoki i waatea mai, i whaipaanga atu ki te whakapono Tariao ka whakamaaramahia. Ka whakamutua atu me te taatari i ngaa putanga ka puta e kite ake ai me he herenga too teenei whakapono ki te whakaoranga o Waikato tangata.

year: 2022