title: Matrix-based fertilizers reduce nutrient and bacterial leaching after manure application in a greenhouse column study

authors: Entry, James A.

subjects: matrix-based fertilizers

abstract: We tested the efficacy of matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) to reduce Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., NH₄, NO₃, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in leachate and soil after dairy manure application in greenhouse column studies. The MBFs are composed of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF8) to more tightly bound (MBF9) mixtures using combinations of starch, cellulose, lignin, Al₂(SO₄)₃18H₂O, and/or Fe₂(SO₄)₃3H₂O to create a matrix that slowly releases the nutrients. One day after the first dairy manure application, E. coli numbers were greater in leachate from control columns than in leachate from columns receiving MBFs. After three dairy manure applications, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. numbers in leachates were not consistently different between controls and columns receiving MBFs. When MBF8 was applied to the soil, the total amount of DRP, TP, NH4, and NO₃ in leachate was lower than in the control columns. Bermudagrass receiving MBFs had greater shoot, root, and total biomass than grass growing in the control columns. Grass shoot, root, and total biomass did not differ among columns receiving MBFs. Nitrogen and phosphorus bound to the Al₂(SO₄)₃18H₂O or Fe₂(SO₄)₃3H₂O–lignin–cellulose matrix become gradually available to plants over the growing season. The MBF8 and MBF9 formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and have the potential with further testing and development to provide an effective method to reduce N and P leaching from soils treated with animal waste.

text: Matrix-based fertilizers reduce nutrient and bacterial leaching after manure application in a greenhouse column study We tested the efficacy of matrix-based fertilizers (MBFs) to reduce Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp., NH₄, NO₃, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and total phosphorus (TP) in leachate and soil after dairy manure application in greenhouse column studies. The MBFs are composed of inorganic N and P in compounds that are relatively loosely bound (MBF8) to more tightly bound (MBF9) mixtures using combinations of starch, cellulose, lignin, Al₂(SO₄)₃18H₂O, and/or Fe₂(SO₄)₃3H₂O to create a matrix that slowly releases the nutrients. One day after the first dairy manure application, E. coli numbers were greater in leachate from control columns than in leachate from columns receiving MBFs. After three dairy manure applications, E. coli and Enterococcus spp. numbers in leachates were not consistently different between controls and columns receiving MBFs. When MBF8 was applied to the soil, the total amount of DRP, TP, NH4, and NO₃ in leachate was lower than in the control columns. Bermudagrass receiving MBFs had greater shoot, root, and total biomass than grass growing in the control columns. Grass shoot, root, and total biomass did not differ among columns receiving MBFs. Nitrogen and phosphorus bound to the Al₂(SO₄)₃18H₂O or Fe₂(SO₄)₃3H₂O–lignin–cellulose matrix become gradually available to plants over the growing season. The MBF8 and MBF9 formulations do not depend on organic or inorganic coatings to reduce N and P leaching and have the potential with further testing and development to provide an effective method to reduce N and P leaching from soils treated with animal waste.

year: 2010

title: An Insight into Youth Mental Health: A mixed methods research study of experiences and perceptions of youth mental health.

authors: Lingley-Tremewan , Kathryn Victoria May

abstract: Background: The mental health of youth within New Zealand is an imperative matter that needs to be immediately addressed.  The rates of youth struggling with their mental health is a concern for all health professional in New Zealand.   
Objectives: The objectives of this research are to firstly, look at what are common mental health issues that youth are currently living with. The second objective is to find out what the perceptions are that nurses have on youth mental health within New Zealand.  
Participants: The first part of this research examined quantitative data using the YouthCHAT instrument from 778 students from secondary schools within the Waikato and Coromandel regions. The second part of this research, comprised individual interviews  with eight nurses based in the Waikato. 
Methods: The study used a mixed methods design. The quantitative data was extracted from an existing YouthCHAT . This data was analysed through parsimonious modelling and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The data was examined utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data was generated by interviewing eight nurses about their perception of youth mental health. The findings from the interviews were analysed utilising a general inductive approach.  
Results: The research undertaken provides valuable insights into youth mental health in New Zealand by combining qualitative interviews with nurses and quantitative data from YouthCHAT. It explores the emotional response of nurses, barriers to accessing mental health services, the impact of social media, and associations between depression, anxiety, and other factors in youth mental health.  Conclusion The study shows the importance of addressing youth mental health issues and also recognising the crucial roles nurses play in addressing youth mental health within New Zealand.

text: An Insight into Youth Mental Health: A mixed methods research study of experiences and perceptions of youth mental health. Background: The mental health of youth within New Zealand is an imperative matter that needs to be immediately addressed.  The rates of youth struggling with their mental health is a concern for all health professional in New Zealand.   
Objectives: The objectives of this research are to firstly, look at what are common mental health issues that youth are currently living with. The second objective is to find out what the perceptions are that nurses have on youth mental health within New Zealand.  
Participants: The first part of this research examined quantitative data using the YouthCHAT instrument from 778 students from secondary schools within the Waikato and Coromandel regions. The second part of this research, comprised individual interviews  with eight nurses based in the Waikato. 
Methods: The study used a mixed methods design. The quantitative data was extracted from an existing YouthCHAT . This data was analysed through parsimonious modelling and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The data was examined utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data was generated by interviewing eight nurses about their perception of youth mental health. The findings from the interviews were analysed utilising a general inductive approach.  
Results: The research undertaken provides valuable insights into youth mental health in New Zealand by combining qualitative interviews with nurses and quantitative data from YouthCHAT. It explores the emotional response of nurses, barriers to accessing mental health services, the impact of social media, and associations between depression, anxiety, and other factors in youth mental health.  Conclusion The study shows the importance of addressing youth mental health issues and also recognising the crucial roles nurses play in addressing youth mental health within New Zealand.

year: 2023

title: Analysing A/O possession in Māori-language tweets

authors: Trye, David

subjects: A/O categories

abstract: This article contributes the first corpus-based study of possession in Māori, the indigenous language of Aotearoa New Zealand. Like most Polynesian languages, Māori has a dual possessive system involving a choice between the so-called A and O categories. While Māori grammars describe these categories in terms of the inherent semantic relationship between the possessum and possessor, there have been no large-scale corpus analyses demonstrating their use in natural contexts. Social media provide invaluable opportunities for such linguistic studies, capturing contemporary language use while alleviating the burden of gathering data through traditional means. We operationalise semantic distinctions to investigate possession in Māori-language tweets, focusing on the [possessum a/o possessor] construction (e.g., te tīmatanga o te wiki ‘the beginning of the week’). In our corpus comprising 2500 tweets produced by more than 200 individuals, we find that users leverage a wide array of noun types encompassing many different semantic relationships. We observe not only the expected predominance of the O category, but also a tendency for examples described by Māori grammars as A-marked to instead be O-marked (59%). Although the A category persists in the corpus, our findings suggest that language change could be underway. Our primary dataset can be explored interactively online.

text: Analysing A/O possession in Māori-language tweets This article contributes the first corpus-based study of possession in Māori, the indigenous language of Aotearoa New Zealand. Like most Polynesian languages, Māori has a dual possessive system involving a choice between the so-called A and O categories. While Māori grammars describe these categories in terms of the inherent semantic relationship between the possessum and possessor, there have been no large-scale corpus analyses demonstrating their use in natural contexts. Social media provide invaluable opportunities for such linguistic studies, capturing contemporary language use while alleviating the burden of gathering data through traditional means. We operationalise semantic distinctions to investigate possession in Māori-language tweets, focusing on the [possessum a/o possessor] construction (e.g., te tīmatanga o te wiki ‘the beginning of the week’). In our corpus comprising 2500 tweets produced by more than 200 individuals, we find that users leverage a wide array of noun types encompassing many different semantic relationships. We observe not only the expected predominance of the O category, but also a tendency for examples described by Māori grammars as A-marked to instead be O-marked (59%). Although the A category persists in the corpus, our findings suggest that language change could be underway. Our primary dataset can be explored interactively online.

year: 2024