title: The rising public sector pay premium in the New Zealand labour market

authors: Gibson, John

subjects: compensating differentials

abstract: This note reports propensity score matching estimates of the public sector pay premium in New Zealand for each year from 2003 until 2007. Comparing with observably similar private sector workers shows that public sector workers have received a pay premium that has grown in each year, from almost zero in 2003 to 22 percent in 2007. Unless there have been unmeasured changes in the attributes of public sector jobs that give rise to compensating pay differentials, this rising public sector pay premium is most plausibly attributed to an increase in non-competitive rents.

text: The rising public sector pay premium in the New Zealand labour market This note reports propensity score matching estimates of the public sector pay premium in New Zealand for each year from 2003 until 2007. Comparing with observably similar private sector workers shows that public sector workers have received a pay premium that has grown in each year, from almost zero in 2003 to 22 percent in 2007. Unless there have been unmeasured changes in the attributes of public sector jobs that give rise to compensating pay differentials, this rising public sector pay premium is most plausibly attributed to an increase in non-competitive rents.

year: 2008-09

title: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm

authors: Nevill-Manning, Craig G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

text: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

year: 1996-11

title: Can the mana of Maori men who sexually abuse children be restored?

authors: Webb, Mate

subjects: Maori

abstract: The problem of child sex abuse is prevalent across all segments of society, and Maori, unfortunately, are overrepresented in this problem. In the total prison population of 6591, 13.6% are identified as child sex offenders. Of the 3,299 Maori in prison 283 (8.5%) are identified as child sex offenders whereas 631 (18.6%) of the 3292 non-Maori have been so identified. However, Maori only represent approximately 15% of the general population. In proportionate terms, approximately one of every 970 Maori men is currently in prison for child sex offences, while for non-Maori that figure is one in 31251. Also, disclosures from offenders suggest that sexual abuse is particularly common in rural or disadvantaged areas, with offenders frequently reporting being abused by multiple offenders and being aware of chronic abuse, little of which was ever reported.

text: Can the mana of Maori men who sexually abuse children be restored? The problem of child sex abuse is prevalent across all segments of society, and Maori, unfortunately, are overrepresented in this problem. In the total prison population of 6591, 13.6% are identified as child sex offenders. Of the 3,299 Maori in prison 283 (8.5%) are identified as child sex offenders whereas 631 (18.6%) of the 3292 non-Maori have been so identified. However, Maori only represent approximately 15% of the general population. In proportionate terms, approximately one of every 970 Maori men is currently in prison for child sex offences, while for non-Maori that figure is one in 31251. Also, disclosures from offenders suggest that sexual abuse is particularly common in rural or disadvantaged areas, with offenders frequently reporting being abused by multiple offenders and being aware of chronic abuse, little of which was ever reported.

year: 2008