title: The new kava user: Diasporic identity formation in reverse

authors: Aporosa, S. 'Apo'

subjects: diaspora

abstract: Diaspora' studies have broadened their definition to now include hybridised identities situated in both the past and future. The formation of the Indo-Fijian ethnicity is an example of the evolution of a hybrid diasporic identity. This article briefly discusses Indo-Fijian diaspora in Fiji before shifting its focus to Aotearoa New Zealand. In this new setting, diaspora understanding will take a new direction that concentrates on the uptake of kava drinking and aspects of the kava culture by some Māori and Pālangi/Pākehā. In doing so, the article examines how these Māori and Pālangi/Pākehā, as the 'hosts', are expanding their cultural identity by embracing an icon of identity that came with a diasporic population – Pasifikans to Aotearoa – essentially creating diasporic identity formation in reverse.

text: The new kava user: Diasporic identity formation in reverse Diaspora' studies have broadened their definition to now include hybridised identities situated in both the past and future. The formation of the Indo-Fijian ethnicity is an example of the evolution of a hybrid diasporic identity. This article briefly discusses Indo-Fijian diaspora in Fiji before shifting its focus to Aotearoa New Zealand. In this new setting, diaspora understanding will take a new direction that concentrates on the uptake of kava drinking and aspects of the kava culture by some Māori and Pālangi/Pākehā. In doing so, the article examines how these Māori and Pālangi/Pākehā, as the 'hosts', are expanding their cultural identity by embracing an icon of identity that came with a diasporic population – Pasifikans to Aotearoa – essentially creating diasporic identity formation in reverse.

year: 2015

title: Enhancing well-being and social connectedness for Maori elders through a peer education (Tuakana-Teina) programme: A cross-sectional baseline study

authors: Oetzel, John G.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Background: Māori kaumātua (elders) face stark health and social inequities compared to non-Māori New Zealanders. The tuakana-teina (older sibling-younger sibling) peer education programme is a strengths-based approach to enhance well-being and social connectedness. The purpose of this study is to present the baseline data from this programme and identify correlates of well-being outcomes.

Method: Participants included 128 kaumātua who completed a self-report survey about health-related quality of life, spirituality, social connection and loneliness, life satisfaction, cultural identity and connection, elder abuse, health service utilisation and demographics.

Findings: Multiple regression models illustrated the following correlates of outcomes: (a) self-rated health: needing more help with daily tasks (β = −0.36) and housing problems (β = –0.17); (b) health-related quality of life: needing more help with daily tasks (β = –0.31), housing problems (β = –0.21), and perceived autonomy (β = 0.19); (c) spiritual well-being: understanding of tikanga (cultural protocols) (β = 0.32) and perceived autonomy (β = 0.23); (d) life satisfaction: social support (β = 0.23), sense of purpose (β = 0.23), cultural identity (β = 0.24), trouble paying bills (β = –0.16), and housing problems (β = –0.16); (e) loneliness: elder abuse (β = 0.27), social support (β = –0.21), and missing pleasure of being with whānau (extended family) (β = 0.19).

Conclusions: Key correlates for outcomes centred on social support, housing problems, cultural connection and perceived autonomy. These correlates are largely addressed through the programme where tuakana/peer educators provide support and links to social and health services to teina/peer recipients in need. This study illustrates needs and challenges for kaumātua, whilst the larger programme represents a strengths-based and culturally-centred approach to address health issues related to ageing in an Indigenous population.

text: Enhancing well-being and social connectedness for Maori elders through a peer education (Tuakana-Teina) programme: A cross-sectional baseline study Background: Māori kaumātua (elders) face stark health and social inequities compared to non-Māori New Zealanders. The tuakana-teina (older sibling-younger sibling) peer education programme is a strengths-based approach to enhance well-being and social connectedness. The purpose of this study is to present the baseline data from this programme and identify correlates of well-being outcomes.

Method: Participants included 128 kaumātua who completed a self-report survey about health-related quality of life, spirituality, social connection and loneliness, life satisfaction, cultural identity and connection, elder abuse, health service utilisation and demographics.

Findings: Multiple regression models illustrated the following correlates of outcomes: (a) self-rated health: needing more help with daily tasks (β = −0.36) and housing problems (β = –0.17); (b) health-related quality of life: needing more help with daily tasks (β = –0.31), housing problems (β = –0.21), and perceived autonomy (β = 0.19); (c) spiritual well-being: understanding of tikanga (cultural protocols) (β = 0.32) and perceived autonomy (β = 0.23); (d) life satisfaction: social support (β = 0.23), sense of purpose (β = 0.23), cultural identity (β = 0.24), trouble paying bills (β = –0.16), and housing problems (β = –0.16); (e) loneliness: elder abuse (β = 0.27), social support (β = –0.21), and missing pleasure of being with whānau (extended family) (β = 0.19).

Conclusions: Key correlates for outcomes centred on social support, housing problems, cultural connection and perceived autonomy. These correlates are largely addressed through the programme where tuakana/peer educators provide support and links to social and health services to teina/peer recipients in need. This study illustrates needs and challenges for kaumātua, whilst the larger programme represents a strengths-based and culturally-centred approach to address health issues related to ageing in an Indigenous population.

year: 2021

title: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-methylimidazolium bromides

authors: Althagbi, Hanan Ibrahim

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (8) and 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-4-methylimidazolium bromide (9) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both crystal structures possess C(2)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and C─Br⋯Br− halogen bonding. That of 8 also contains π–π stacking between bromotetrafluorophenyl and phenyl rings, and that of 9 also contains C(1)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions. The crystal structure of 9 is similar to that of the non-methylated salt, 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (4), with columns of alternating parallel bromotetrafluorophenyl rings and bromide.

text: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-methylimidazolium bromides The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (8) and 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-4-methylimidazolium bromide (9) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both crystal structures possess C(2)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and C─Br⋯Br− halogen bonding. That of 8 also contains π–π stacking between bromotetrafluorophenyl and phenyl rings, and that of 9 also contains C(1)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions. The crystal structure of 9 is similar to that of the non-methylated salt, 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (4), with columns of alternating parallel bromotetrafluorophenyl rings and bromide.

year: 2018