title: Review: Detection and impact of protease and lipase activities in milk and milk powders

authors: Chen, L.

subjects: proteinase

abstract: Freshly drawn milk contains indigenous enzymes, including proteases and lipases. During handling and processing, milk acquires contaminating bacteria that produce further proteases and lipases, adding to the enzyme loading in the milk. Even when several heat treatment steps are used to prepare milk products, these will not be sufficient to inactivate all of the enzymes. Adverse effects of heat on the product limit the extent of heat treatments that can be used. The activities of proteinases and lipases that survive the heat treatments may cause changes in functionality and flavour of milk products, including milk powders, during storage. This review focuses on the characteristics of proteases (specifically proteinases) and lipases in milk and milk powders, detection methods for such enzymes and the effects of these enzymes on milk and milk powders during storage.

text: Review: Detection and impact of protease and lipase activities in milk and milk powders Freshly drawn milk contains indigenous enzymes, including proteases and lipases. During handling and processing, milk acquires contaminating bacteria that produce further proteases and lipases, adding to the enzyme loading in the milk. Even when several heat treatment steps are used to prepare milk products, these will not be sufficient to inactivate all of the enzymes. Adverse effects of heat on the product limit the extent of heat treatments that can be used. The activities of proteinases and lipases that survive the heat treatments may cause changes in functionality and flavour of milk products, including milk powders, during storage. This review focuses on the characteristics of proteases (specifically proteinases) and lipases in milk and milk powders, detection methods for such enzymes and the effects of these enzymes on milk and milk powders during storage.

year: 2003

title: Caring for our oceans and their biodiversity

authors: Daya-Winterbottom, Trevor

abstract: This paper will explore and critically analyse national strategies for oceans governance and protecting marine biodiversity from a transnational perspective. For example, during 2016 New Zealand launched a public consultation exercise regarding a new Marine Protected Areas Act,¹ and published statistical reports on the marine environment² and the marine economy³ and a biodiversity action plan.⁴ More recently, the previous New Zealand government advised that a major plank of its legislative program during 2017 would be the enactment of the new Marine Protected Areas Act.
Looking at these New Zealand policy developments from a transnational perspective will firmly ground this paper in terms of considering how international environmental law obligations are implemented through both vertical comparison with the international legal order, and horizontal comparison between jurisdictions.

text: Caring for our oceans and their biodiversity This paper will explore and critically analyse national strategies for oceans governance and protecting marine biodiversity from a transnational perspective. For example, during 2016 New Zealand launched a public consultation exercise regarding a new Marine Protected Areas Act,¹ and published statistical reports on the marine environment² and the marine economy³ and a biodiversity action plan.⁴ More recently, the previous New Zealand government advised that a major plank of its legislative program during 2017 would be the enactment of the new Marine Protected Areas Act.
Looking at these New Zealand policy developments from a transnational perspective will firmly ground this paper in terms of considering how international environmental law obligations are implemented through both vertical comparison with the international legal order, and horizontal comparison between jurisdictions.

year: 2017

title: Media psychology, symbolic power and social justice in Aotearoa

authors: Hodgetts, Darrin

subjects: media

abstract: Psychologists reside in a world saturated by media. We work in professional contexts where guidelines for practice foreground ethical obligations to address issues of social justice. This paper addresses both these contextual dimensions of psychological research and practice. We explore the social significance of increased media production by Maori in challenging the tendency in mainstream media to marginalize Maori concerns while promoting Pakeha perspectives. The analysis focuses on the recent 'Inside Out documentary - Hikoi', which was initiated by two young Maori women as a challenge to media framing of Maori protests as 'unjustified' and 'disruptive' acts. We illustrate how this documentary furthers public dialogue regarding the foreshore and seabed controversy by promoting an alternative depiction of a Maori protest, which emphasize the history of grievances and social unity. The implications of such representations for psychologists working to address issues of social justice and to challenge abuses of symbolic power are discussed.

text: Media psychology, symbolic power and social justice in Aotearoa Psychologists reside in a world saturated by media. We work in professional contexts where guidelines for practice foreground ethical obligations to address issues of social justice. This paper addresses both these contextual dimensions of psychological research and practice. We explore the social significance of increased media production by Maori in challenging the tendency in mainstream media to marginalize Maori concerns while promoting Pakeha perspectives. The analysis focuses on the recent 'Inside Out documentary - Hikoi', which was initiated by two young Maori women as a challenge to media framing of Maori protests as 'unjustified' and 'disruptive' acts. We illustrate how this documentary furthers public dialogue regarding the foreshore and seabed controversy by promoting an alternative depiction of a Maori protest, which emphasize the history of grievances and social unity. The implications of such representations for psychologists working to address issues of social justice and to challenge abuses of symbolic power are discussed.

year: 2004-11-19