title: Power anisotropy in the magnetic field power spectral tensor of solar wind turbulence

authors: Wicks, Robert T.

subjects: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)

abstract: We observe the anisotropy of the power spectral tensor of magnetic field fluctuations in the fast solar wind for the first time. In heliocentric RTN coordinates, the power in each element of the tensor has a unique dependence on the angle between the magnetic field and velocity of the solar wind (θ B ) and the angle of the vector in the plane perpendicular to the velocity (φ B ). We derive the geometrical effect of the high speed flow of the solar wind past the spacecraft on the power spectrum in the frame of the plasma P( k ) to arrive at the observed power spectrum P(f, θ B , φ B ) based on a scalar field description of turbulence theory. This allows us to predict the variation in the φ B direction and compare it to the data. We then transform the observations from RTN coordinates to magnetic-field-aligned coordinates. The observed reduced power spectral tensor matches the theoretical predictions we derive in both RTN and field-aligned coordinates, which means that the local magnetic field we calculate with wavelet envelope functions is an accurate representation of the physical axis of symmetry for the turbulence and implies that on average the turbulence is axisymmetric. We also show that we can separate the dominant toroidal component of the turbulence from the smaller but significant poloidal component and that these have different power anisotropy. We also conclude that the magnetic helicity is anisotropic and mostly two dimensional, arising from wavevectors largely confined to the plane perpendicular to B.

text: Power anisotropy in the magnetic field power spectral tensor of solar wind turbulence We observe the anisotropy of the power spectral tensor of magnetic field fluctuations in the fast solar wind for the first time. In heliocentric RTN coordinates, the power in each element of the tensor has a unique dependence on the angle between the magnetic field and velocity of the solar wind (θ B ) and the angle of the vector in the plane perpendicular to the velocity (φ B ). We derive the geometrical effect of the high speed flow of the solar wind past the spacecraft on the power spectrum in the frame of the plasma P( k ) to arrive at the observed power spectrum P(f, θ B , φ B ) based on a scalar field description of turbulence theory. This allows us to predict the variation in the φ B direction and compare it to the data. We then transform the observations from RTN coordinates to magnetic-field-aligned coordinates. The observed reduced power spectral tensor matches the theoretical predictions we derive in both RTN and field-aligned coordinates, which means that the local magnetic field we calculate with wavelet envelope functions is an accurate representation of the physical axis of symmetry for the turbulence and implies that on average the turbulence is axisymmetric. We also show that we can separate the dominant toroidal component of the turbulence from the smaller but significant poloidal component and that these have different power anisotropy. We also conclude that the magnetic helicity is anisotropic and mostly two dimensional, arising from wavevectors largely confined to the plane perpendicular to B.

year: 2012

title: Failing a Generation: What literacy is and why it matters

authors: Derby, Melissa

abstract: The concept of literacy and its ownership sparks diverse perspectives, with some viewing it through a Western lens of reading and writing, while others argue for a culturally relative understanding encompassing various forms of expression. However, the author contends that broadening the definition recklessly, potentially excluding essential reading and writing skills, may have dire consequences, particularly for marginalized children. The transformative power of traditional literacy (reading and writing) is emphasized, influencing health, economic, civic, and educational outcomes. The author asserts that insistent expansion of literacy definitions risks harming children, urging a steadfast commitment to traditional literacy to ensure equitable opportunities and societal advancement. With extensive research supporting the pivotal role of literacy, the article advocates for a clear stance on what constitutes literacy to prevent the potential neglect of foundational skills for future generations.

text: Failing a Generation: What literacy is and why it matters The concept of literacy and its ownership sparks diverse perspectives, with some viewing it through a Western lens of reading and writing, while others argue for a culturally relative understanding encompassing various forms of expression. However, the author contends that broadening the definition recklessly, potentially excluding essential reading and writing skills, may have dire consequences, particularly for marginalized children. The transformative power of traditional literacy (reading and writing) is emphasized, influencing health, economic, civic, and educational outcomes. The author asserts that insistent expansion of literacy definitions risks harming children, urging a steadfast commitment to traditional literacy to ensure equitable opportunities and societal advancement. With extensive research supporting the pivotal role of literacy, the article advocates for a clear stance on what constitutes literacy to prevent the potential neglect of foundational skills for future generations.

year: 2023-11-16

title: Can the mana of Maori men who sexually abuse children be restored?

authors: Webb, Mate

subjects: Maori

abstract: The problem of child sex abuse is prevalent across all segments of society, and Maori, unfortunately, are overrepresented in this problem. In the total prison population of 6591, 13.6% are identified as child sex offenders. Of the 3,299 Maori in prison 283 (8.5%) are identified as child sex offenders whereas 631 (18.6%) of the 3292 non-Maori have been so identified. However, Maori only represent approximately 15% of the general population. In proportionate terms, approximately one of every 970 Maori men is currently in prison for child sex offences, while for non-Maori that figure is one in 31251. Also, disclosures from offenders suggest that sexual abuse is particularly common in rural or disadvantaged areas, with offenders frequently reporting being abused by multiple offenders and being aware of chronic abuse, little of which was ever reported.

text: Can the mana of Maori men who sexually abuse children be restored? The problem of child sex abuse is prevalent across all segments of society, and Maori, unfortunately, are overrepresented in this problem. In the total prison population of 6591, 13.6% are identified as child sex offenders. Of the 3,299 Maori in prison 283 (8.5%) are identified as child sex offenders whereas 631 (18.6%) of the 3292 non-Maori have been so identified. However, Maori only represent approximately 15% of the general population. In proportionate terms, approximately one of every 970 Maori men is currently in prison for child sex offences, while for non-Maori that figure is one in 31251. Also, disclosures from offenders suggest that sexual abuse is particularly common in rural or disadvantaged areas, with offenders frequently reporting being abused by multiple offenders and being aware of chronic abuse, little of which was ever reported.

year: 2008