title: Editor's note

authors: Brown, Mike

subjects: outdoor education

abstract: This issue features a collection of papers on safety and fatality prevention in outdoor education by Associate Professor Andrew Brookes from LaTrobe University in Australia. The genesis for the publication of this collection arose following the 2010 Outdoors New Zealand Forum in Wellington.

text: Editor's note This issue features a collection of papers on safety and fatality prevention in outdoor education by Associate Professor Andrew Brookes from LaTrobe University in Australia. The genesis for the publication of this collection arose following the 2010 Outdoors New Zealand Forum in Wellington.

year: 2011

title: Talking in circles: Examining co-rumination in parent-child reminiscing and future event conversations as an intergenerational transmission pathway for internalising symptoms

authors: Wither, Adria

subjects: middle childhood

abstract: Middle childhood is a salient period of development (Mah & Ford-Jones, 2012). Internalising difficulties such as depression and anxiety often occur before the age of 15 (Lijster et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2011), and the burden of these difficulties continue into adolescence and adulthood (Caputi & Schoenborn, 2018; Garber & Horowitz, 2002). Previous research highlights the integral role that parent-child interactions play in the development of mental health concerns in children (Eisenberg et al., 1998; Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), with the discussion of emotions identified as a pathway which might support children’s capacity to cope with emotional distress and buffer against the development of mental health difficulties in children (Bray et al., under review; Russell et al., 2024b; Swetlitz et al., 2021). On the other hand, parents may pass on their own cognitive biases through conversations about emotions with their child (Bray et al., under review). This study aimed to examine co-rumination within parent-child conversations about past and future negative emotional events, and whether this might act as a potential pathway for the intergenerational transmission of internalising difficulties between parents and their children. Participants were parent-child dyads from New Zealand (n = 51) and Australia (n = 54). Children were aged between 8 and 12-years-old. Parents and children completed relevant measures for mental
health difficulties and engaged in two reminiscing conversations (one positive and one negative) and two future event conversations (one positive and one negative). Parent-child
conversations were coded for co-rumination utilising an adapted co-rumination coding scheme (Rose et al., 2014). A series of Pearson correlations and simple mediation models
were conducted to examine associations between parent and child mental health and co-rumination, and to test a potential pathway of intergenerational transmission of internalising difficulties through co-rumination. Results indicated that parent and child rumination were correlated, suggesting a dyadic style of rumination developing during middle childhood. No empirical support was identified for an indirect effect of parent to child internalising symptoms through co-rumination. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

text: Talking in circles: Examining co-rumination in parent-child reminiscing and future event conversations as an intergenerational transmission pathway for internalising symptoms Middle childhood is a salient period of development (Mah & Ford-Jones, 2012). Internalising difficulties such as depression and anxiety often occur before the age of 15 (Lijster et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2011), and the burden of these difficulties continue into adolescence and adulthood (Caputi & Schoenborn, 2018; Garber & Horowitz, 2002). Previous research highlights the integral role that parent-child interactions play in the development of mental health concerns in children (Eisenberg et al., 1998; Goodman & Gotlib, 1999), with the discussion of emotions identified as a pathway which might support children’s capacity to cope with emotional distress and buffer against the development of mental health difficulties in children (Bray et al., under review; Russell et al., 2024b; Swetlitz et al., 2021). On the other hand, parents may pass on their own cognitive biases through conversations about emotions with their child (Bray et al., under review). This study aimed to examine co-rumination within parent-child conversations about past and future negative emotional events, and whether this might act as a potential pathway for the intergenerational transmission of internalising difficulties between parents and their children. Participants were parent-child dyads from New Zealand (n = 51) and Australia (n = 54). Children were aged between 8 and 12-years-old. Parents and children completed relevant measures for mental
health difficulties and engaged in two reminiscing conversations (one positive and one negative) and two future event conversations (one positive and one negative). Parent-child
conversations were coded for co-rumination utilising an adapted co-rumination coding scheme (Rose et al., 2014). A series of Pearson correlations and simple mediation models
were conducted to examine associations between parent and child mental health and co-rumination, and to test a potential pathway of intergenerational transmission of internalising difficulties through co-rumination. Results indicated that parent and child rumination were correlated, suggesting a dyadic style of rumination developing during middle childhood. No empirical support was identified for an indirect effect of parent to child internalising symptoms through co-rumination. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

year: 2025

title: Analysis of multibeam sonar data for benthic habitat characterization of the Port of Tauranga, New Zealand.

authors: Boulay, Sebastien O. C.

subjects: Tauranga

abstract: Tauranga Harbour is a mesotidal lagoon located within the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, and is subject to an ongoing maintenance dredging program to remove mud deposits coming from various sources in the catchment. At the southern end of the commercial port, the Tauranga Bridge Marina was built adjacent to the bridge causeway, with 500 floating concrete berths, enclosed by concrete floating breakwaters. It is proposed to convert these floating breakwaters into solid ones to stop waves entering the marina. This is expected to influence tidal circulation around the Tauranga bridge causeway, and potentially affect sedimentation and marine habitats. The region is an important source of "kai moana" (seafood) for local iwi, and is a source of juvenile shellfish for the large beds located on the flood tidal delta and surrounding channels.

This study investigates the impact of the successive harbour constructions on the local sedimentology. The overall goal of the mapping part of this project is to identify and locate the different seabed facies and features within the study site, which may be affected by the sediment transport potentially resulting from the past and future harbour developments. 

To investigate the impacts of the harbour modifications, a habitat-mapping survey using acoustic mapping techniques was undertaken in July and August 2011. The hydrographic survey was simultaneously performed using a multibeam echosounder (Kongsberg-Simrad EM3000) and a Starfish 452F sidescan sonar. The backscatter/imagery data from both systems was then used for habitat mapping, using a combination of Angular Response Analysis and image-based segmentation. An underwater camera survey and seabed sampling were also performed to ground-truth the morphologies identified from the acoustic backscatter analysis. The most recent habitat map was then compared to the previous studies to identify changes in response to the different modifications of the estuary.

text: Analysis of multibeam sonar data for benthic habitat characterization of the Port of Tauranga, New Zealand. Tauranga Harbour is a mesotidal lagoon located within the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, and is subject to an ongoing maintenance dredging program to remove mud deposits coming from various sources in the catchment. At the southern end of the commercial port, the Tauranga Bridge Marina was built adjacent to the bridge causeway, with 500 floating concrete berths, enclosed by concrete floating breakwaters. It is proposed to convert these floating breakwaters into solid ones to stop waves entering the marina. This is expected to influence tidal circulation around the Tauranga bridge causeway, and potentially affect sedimentation and marine habitats. The region is an important source of "kai moana" (seafood) for local iwi, and is a source of juvenile shellfish for the large beds located on the flood tidal delta and surrounding channels.

This study investigates the impact of the successive harbour constructions on the local sedimentology. The overall goal of the mapping part of this project is to identify and locate the different seabed facies and features within the study site, which may be affected by the sediment transport potentially resulting from the past and future harbour developments. 

To investigate the impacts of the harbour modifications, a habitat-mapping survey using acoustic mapping techniques was undertaken in July and August 2011. The hydrographic survey was simultaneously performed using a multibeam echosounder (Kongsberg-Simrad EM3000) and a Starfish 452F sidescan sonar. The backscatter/imagery data from both systems was then used for habitat mapping, using a combination of Angular Response Analysis and image-based segmentation. An underwater camera survey and seabed sampling were also performed to ground-truth the morphologies identified from the acoustic backscatter analysis. The most recent habitat map was then compared to the previous studies to identify changes in response to the different modifications of the estuary.

year: 2012