title: Regional performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry

authors: Kambhampati, Uma

subjects: India

abstract: This paper investigates the regional characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry. Its aim is to assess whether geography plays any major role in determining the performance or characteristics of Indian manufacturing firms, and in order to do this, it presents the results of cross-section regressions estimated on the basis of a balanced sample of 1607 firms across the 30 Indian states. The results suggest that firm performance and characteristics are related to many of the expected industrial organization variables. However, there is also evidence of significant region-state influences on both the performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry. As such, the results demonstrate that analyses which focus solely on standard non-spatial industrial organization variables will fail to explain much of the cross-sectional variation in firm performance and characteristics. In particular, while there are no systematic simple centre-periphery variations in the Indian regional economic system, there is evidence to suggest that industrial spatial concentration, regional specialization, and regional market size play a key role in determining the performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry.

text: Regional performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry This paper investigates the regional characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry. Its aim is to assess whether geography plays any major role in determining the performance or characteristics of Indian manufacturing firms, and in order to do this, it presents the results of cross-section regressions estimated on the basis of a balanced sample of 1607 firms across the 30 Indian states. The results suggest that firm performance and characteristics are related to many of the expected industrial organization variables. However, there is also evidence of significant region-state influences on both the performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry. As such, the results demonstrate that analyses which focus solely on standard non-spatial industrial organization variables will fail to explain much of the cross-sectional variation in firm performance and characteristics. In particular, while there are no systematic simple centre-periphery variations in the Indian regional economic system, there is evidence to suggest that industrial spatial concentration, regional specialization, and regional market size play a key role in determining the performance and characteristics of Indian manufacturing industry.

year: 2007

title: Contingency Control of Spatial Responding

authors: Sluter, Karen Lorraine

abstract: This study aimed to investigate fluency in domestic hens.  Three experiments involved a simple grid task to see if correct responses, or components such as pecking, could become fluent for reinforcement, whilst incorrect components decreased.  This was unsuccessful in the first experiment with a high rate of incorrect and unnecessary pecking observed, so a three second white screen timeout following incorrect pecks was introduced in Experiment 2.  This was also unsuccessful, so a three-second black screen timeout following incorrect pecks was introduced in Experiment 3.  This was continued along with a black screen timeout following repeated correct pecks on the grid that were unnecessary for reinforcement.  Although incorrect pecks decreased with the introduction of the black screen, they did not fade out completely and repeated correct pecks remained at a much higher rate than necessary for reinforcement.  Fluency was not achieved, because the contingencies still allowed for reinforcement to be earned despite this unnecessary responding.  It is thought that in fluency and precision teaching procedures, the use of the time-restriction is important to increase the speed of correct responses required for reinforcement in order to drive down unnecessary and incorrect components.

text: Contingency Control of Spatial Responding This study aimed to investigate fluency in domestic hens.  Three experiments involved a simple grid task to see if correct responses, or components such as pecking, could become fluent for reinforcement, whilst incorrect components decreased.  This was unsuccessful in the first experiment with a high rate of incorrect and unnecessary pecking observed, so a three second white screen timeout following incorrect pecks was introduced in Experiment 2.  This was also unsuccessful, so a three-second black screen timeout following incorrect pecks was introduced in Experiment 3.  This was continued along with a black screen timeout following repeated correct pecks on the grid that were unnecessary for reinforcement.  Although incorrect pecks decreased with the introduction of the black screen, they did not fade out completely and repeated correct pecks remained at a much higher rate than necessary for reinforcement.  Fluency was not achieved, because the contingencies still allowed for reinforcement to be earned despite this unnecessary responding.  It is thought that in fluency and precision teaching procedures, the use of the time-restriction is important to increase the speed of correct responses required for reinforcement in order to drive down unnecessary and incorrect components.

year: 2014

title: Census 2018 and Implications for Māori

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: The population census is a universal tool of governance but has come under increasing pressure as governments look to reduce costs, gain efficiencies and counter declining response rates. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the census transformation strategy has a short-term focus on modernising the census and a long-term vision of a fully administrative census. The digital-first 2018 Census was an ambitious step towards modernisation but there are growing concerns that it may fail to deliver high-quality data, particularly for Māori and iwi. This research note considers the implications of lower response rates and reflects on the steps that might be taken to retain the trust and confidence of Māori in the census, including possibilities for Māori data governance across the official statistics system.

text: Census 2018 and Implications for Māori The population census is a universal tool of governance but has come under increasing pressure as governments look to reduce costs, gain efficiencies and counter declining response rates. In Aotearoa New Zealand, the census transformation strategy has a short-term focus on modernising the census and a long-term vision of a fully administrative census. The digital-first 2018 Census was an ambitious step towards modernisation but there are growing concerns that it may fail to deliver high-quality data, particularly for Māori and iwi. This research note considers the implications of lower response rates and reflects on the steps that might be taken to retain the trust and confidence of Māori in the census, including possibilities for Māori data governance across the official statistics system.

year: 2018