title: Miocene tubular concretions in East Coast Basin, New Zealand: Analogue for the subsurface plumbing of cold seeps

authors: Nyman, Stephanie Leigh

subjects: cold seep

abstract: The uplifted accretionary prism of East Coast Basin, in Hikurangi Margin, North Island, New Zealand, exposes late Miocene slope mudrocks (Whangaehu Mudstone, < 10% carbonate) in coastal cliffs north of Cape Turnagain that contain conspicuous tubular carbonate concretions (50–85% carbonate) supporting near-central conduits. Pipe and bulbous morphologies dominate, ranging in exposed length up to 5 m and up to 1 m in diameter. The concretions were formed by the precipitation of micritic dolomite (and calcite) cement within the host mudstone at shallow burial depths (< 100 m). δ13C values of the cement range from − 22 to + 13‰ PDB and are interpreted to reflect carbonate precipitation from either the extensive anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and/or mixing of microbial methane and methanogenic CO2. AOM is confirmed by lipid biomarker evidence indicating that methane oxidation occurred in the sediments at the time of carbonate precipitation. The mixed dolomite/calcite mineralogies and the trend of δ13C in the tubular concretions from strongly negative to strongly positive values are interpreted to reflect methane oxidation from the onset of ascent through to the end of a migration event. Depleted and enriched δ18O values suggest an evolved fluid source influenced by the dissociation of gas hydrates. Collectively, our results indicate that the tubular concretions within the upper slope mudstones delineate parts of the subsurface plumbing network of a cold seep system on the late Miocene paleo-Hikurangi Margin in which the fluids were sourced from ascending methane. The intermediate location of the Whangaehu concretions between older (early Miocene) seep carbonates to the west and modern ones offshore to the east indicates a progressive eastwards shift with time of a long-lived, if only periodically active, seep system. The concretionary plumbing features at Whangaehu provide a conceptual model for subsurface fluid pathways and seep-related processes beneath the modern Hikurangi Margin seabed, and possibly also for other modern and ancient cold seep carbonate systems.

text: Miocene tubular concretions in East Coast Basin, New Zealand: Analogue for the subsurface plumbing of cold seeps The uplifted accretionary prism of East Coast Basin, in Hikurangi Margin, North Island, New Zealand, exposes late Miocene slope mudrocks (Whangaehu Mudstone, < 10% carbonate) in coastal cliffs north of Cape Turnagain that contain conspicuous tubular carbonate concretions (50–85% carbonate) supporting near-central conduits. Pipe and bulbous morphologies dominate, ranging in exposed length up to 5 m and up to 1 m in diameter. The concretions were formed by the precipitation of micritic dolomite (and calcite) cement within the host mudstone at shallow burial depths (< 100 m). δ13C values of the cement range from − 22 to + 13‰ PDB and are interpreted to reflect carbonate precipitation from either the extensive anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) and/or mixing of microbial methane and methanogenic CO2. AOM is confirmed by lipid biomarker evidence indicating that methane oxidation occurred in the sediments at the time of carbonate precipitation. The mixed dolomite/calcite mineralogies and the trend of δ13C in the tubular concretions from strongly negative to strongly positive values are interpreted to reflect methane oxidation from the onset of ascent through to the end of a migration event. Depleted and enriched δ18O values suggest an evolved fluid source influenced by the dissociation of gas hydrates. Collectively, our results indicate that the tubular concretions within the upper slope mudstones delineate parts of the subsurface plumbing network of a cold seep system on the late Miocene paleo-Hikurangi Margin in which the fluids were sourced from ascending methane. The intermediate location of the Whangaehu concretions between older (early Miocene) seep carbonates to the west and modern ones offshore to the east indicates a progressive eastwards shift with time of a long-lived, if only periodically active, seep system. The concretionary plumbing features at Whangaehu provide a conceptual model for subsurface fluid pathways and seep-related processes beneath the modern Hikurangi Margin seabed, and possibly also for other modern and ancient cold seep carbonate systems.

year: 2010

title: Perspectives on informed consent: an investigation into attitudes and practices in relation to informed consent to medical treatment in a group of New Zealand hospitals

authors: De Luca, Rosemary

abstract: Words do not of themselves carry meaning but are interpreted by users and within the contexts of their use. These contexts extend beyond the immediate to include historical, contemporary and evolving uses. Particularly within interpersonal communication, shared meanings and therefore understandings are often negotiated. This theory of language applies both to the phrase ‘informed consent’ and to the sharing of information that is believed to be an integral part of informed consent.

The notion labelled ‘informed consent’ in New Zealand society today occurs within individuals’ understandings of the phrase, and the philosophical, legal, official, scholarly and popular expressions of understandings that are publicly articulated through various media.

Active and adequate recognition of the rights of consumers of New Zealand’s health and disability services, including those that hospitals provide, rests on a shared understanding of ‘informed consent’. This understanding, which constitutes what is called a concept, may be arrived at through careful consideration of a wide range of interpretations associated with this phrase. Such a consideration makes up the content of this thesis.

text: Perspectives on informed consent: an investigation into attitudes and practices in relation to informed consent to medical treatment in a group of New Zealand hospitals Words do not of themselves carry meaning but are interpreted by users and within the contexts of their use. These contexts extend beyond the immediate to include historical, contemporary and evolving uses. Particularly within interpersonal communication, shared meanings and therefore understandings are often negotiated. This theory of language applies both to the phrase ‘informed consent’ and to the sharing of information that is believed to be an integral part of informed consent.

The notion labelled ‘informed consent’ in New Zealand society today occurs within individuals’ understandings of the phrase, and the philosophical, legal, official, scholarly and popular expressions of understandings that are publicly articulated through various media.

Active and adequate recognition of the rights of consumers of New Zealand’s health and disability services, including those that hospitals provide, rests on a shared understanding of ‘informed consent’. This understanding, which constitutes what is called a concept, may be arrived at through careful consideration of a wide range of interpretations associated with this phrase. Such a consideration makes up the content of this thesis.

year: 2003

title: Poipoia te tamaiti ki te ūkaipō

authors: Gabel, Kirsten

abstract: This thesis explores traditional philosophies of Māori motherhood. Drawing from traditional accounts of our cosmologies, from mōteatea, whakatauki and pakiwaitara, it seeks to uncover aspects of our maternities that for many Māori mothers today have become buried under the plethora of Western maternal knowledges.
Māori maternities represent a conflicted space for Māori women and whānau in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. Colonisation has acted to significantly corrupt a traditionally empowering and healthy philosophy of Māori motherhood. Successive legislative and social interventions have, over many generations, served to undermine the powerful position of the maternal in Māori society, to denigrate the sanctity of the Māori maternal body and to destroy a collective and supportive approach to raising children.
This thesis draws on Māori and indigenous legal theories, on mana wahine theories and on kaupapa Māori theories in its analysis. It unpacks some of the specific legislative and policy initiatives introduced by the state that have served to undermine traditional Māori maternities.
In the face of a comprehensive and targeted colonisation process, Māori maternities have survived and continue to be a site of resistance and empowerment for Māori whānau. Despite the best attempts of the state to undermine Māori maternities, Māori whānau have continued to mother in ways that reflect our traditional philosophies of mothering.
Finally, this thesis also proposes a theory of Māori motherhood that is grounded in our traditions, philosophies and ideologies. It concludes that Māori maternities are a significant space of resistance and tino rangatiratanga for Māori today.

text: Poipoia te tamaiti ki te ūkaipō This thesis explores traditional philosophies of Māori motherhood. Drawing from traditional accounts of our cosmologies, from mōteatea, whakatauki and pakiwaitara, it seeks to uncover aspects of our maternities that for many Māori mothers today have become buried under the plethora of Western maternal knowledges.
Māori maternities represent a conflicted space for Māori women and whānau in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. Colonisation has acted to significantly corrupt a traditionally empowering and healthy philosophy of Māori motherhood. Successive legislative and social interventions have, over many generations, served to undermine the powerful position of the maternal in Māori society, to denigrate the sanctity of the Māori maternal body and to destroy a collective and supportive approach to raising children.
This thesis draws on Māori and indigenous legal theories, on mana wahine theories and on kaupapa Māori theories in its analysis. It unpacks some of the specific legislative and policy initiatives introduced by the state that have served to undermine traditional Māori maternities.
In the face of a comprehensive and targeted colonisation process, Māori maternities have survived and continue to be a site of resistance and empowerment for Māori whānau. Despite the best attempts of the state to undermine Māori maternities, Māori whānau have continued to mother in ways that reflect our traditional philosophies of mothering.
Finally, this thesis also proposes a theory of Māori motherhood that is grounded in our traditions, philosophies and ideologies. It concludes that Māori maternities are a significant space of resistance and tino rangatiratanga for Māori today.

year: 2013