title: Integrating user design and formal models within PVSio-Web

authors: Watson, Nathaniel

abstract: Creating formal models of interactive systems has wide reaching benefits, not only for verifying low-level correctness, but also as a tool for ensuring user interfaces behave logically and consistently. Despite this, tools for designing user experiences and tools for creating and working with formal models are typically distinctly separate systems. This work aims to bridge this divide by allowing the generation of state machine diagrams and formal models via a simple, interactive prototyping tool that mirrors the basic functionality of many modern digital prototyping applications.

text: Integrating user design and formal models within PVSio-Web Creating formal models of interactive systems has wide reaching benefits, not only for verifying low-level correctness, but also as a tool for ensuring user interfaces behave logically and consistently. Despite this, tools for designing user experiences and tools for creating and working with formal models are typically distinctly separate systems. This work aims to bridge this divide by allowing the generation of state machine diagrams and formal models via a simple, interactive prototyping tool that mirrors the basic functionality of many modern digital prototyping applications.

year: 2018

title: Detecting exploitable stages in the life history of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in New Zealand

authors: Daniel, Adam Joshua

subjects: common carp

abstract: Koi carp are a highly coloured strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and are an invasive alien species to New Zealand.  The introduction of koi carp to the lower Waikato River during the 1980s has coincided with a dramatic decline in water quality within the regions riverine lakes.  Removing koi carp from riverine lakes may improve water quality and preserve native biodiversity.  This study used telemetry to examine the movements and seasonal habitat use of adult koi carp to find key locations to efficiently remove koi carp from the lower Waikato River basin. 
Common carp are notoriously difficult to monitor in water temperatures above 20˚C using telemetry due to transmitter expulsion.  To prepare for telemetry based field experiments, three tank trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate surgical technique for the implantation and retention of telemetry transmitters in koi carp.  To reduce transmitter loss, two methods were initially tested in tank trials including two treatment groups and two control groups of ten adult koi carp.  In one treatment, radio transmitters were anchored to the pelvic girdle, and in a second treatment, a polymer coating was applied to acoustic transmitters to reduce tissue irritation.  After 365 days, expulsion rates for uncoated acoustic transmitters were 60% (n = 6), coated acoustic transmitters 50% (n = 5), unanchored radio transmitters 60% (n = 6) and anchored radio transmitters 90% (n = 9).  Bacterial infection of the wound appears to be the primary mechanism for transmitter expulsion.
To reduce the influence of bacterial infection on transmitter expulsion, a slow-release antibiotic was tested to improve transmitter retention.  Dummy acoustic transmitters were implanted in two groups of 20 adult koi carp, an untreated control group, and a group treated with a slow-release, single-dose antibiotic.  After 176 days, the rejection rate of control fish (40%, n = 8) was twice that of fish treated with a slow-release antibiotic (20%, n = 4).  Although we did not find a statistical difference between test groups, this was likely a function of sample size and we view the results as encouraging, justifying further investigation and use of slow-release antibiotics in koi carp.
Koi carp were monitored on the lower Waikato River using both radio and acoustic telemetry for 18 months.  Koi carp migrated throughout the basin and frequently used lateral habitat.  At least 74% of fish that were monitored for at least 250 days migrated through the waterways between riverine lakes or wetlands and the Waikato River.  Waterways connecting riverine lakes and wetlands to the lower Waikato River are ideal locations to intercept migrating koi carp.  Fish released at Lake Whangape occupied a total linear range (TLR) of over 120 km in just 218 days, which represents 71% of the potential in river TLR within the lower Waikato River Basin.  Adult koi carp were found to be active year-round, but peak movements occurred during spawning season (October) during both years of the study.  With a long-term commitment and thoughtful planning, removing a biologically significant proportion of koi carp biomass from the riverine lakes and wetlands of the lower Waikato River is feasible.

text: Detecting exploitable stages in the life history of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) in New Zealand Koi carp are a highly coloured strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and are an invasive alien species to New Zealand.  The introduction of koi carp to the lower Waikato River during the 1980s has coincided with a dramatic decline in water quality within the regions riverine lakes.  Removing koi carp from riverine lakes may improve water quality and preserve native biodiversity.  This study used telemetry to examine the movements and seasonal habitat use of adult koi carp to find key locations to efficiently remove koi carp from the lower Waikato River basin. 
Common carp are notoriously difficult to monitor in water temperatures above 20˚C using telemetry due to transmitter expulsion.  To prepare for telemetry based field experiments, three tank trials were conducted to determine the most appropriate surgical technique for the implantation and retention of telemetry transmitters in koi carp.  To reduce transmitter loss, two methods were initially tested in tank trials including two treatment groups and two control groups of ten adult koi carp.  In one treatment, radio transmitters were anchored to the pelvic girdle, and in a second treatment, a polymer coating was applied to acoustic transmitters to reduce tissue irritation.  After 365 days, expulsion rates for uncoated acoustic transmitters were 60% (n = 6), coated acoustic transmitters 50% (n = 5), unanchored radio transmitters 60% (n = 6) and anchored radio transmitters 90% (n = 9).  Bacterial infection of the wound appears to be the primary mechanism for transmitter expulsion.
To reduce the influence of bacterial infection on transmitter expulsion, a slow-release antibiotic was tested to improve transmitter retention.  Dummy acoustic transmitters were implanted in two groups of 20 adult koi carp, an untreated control group, and a group treated with a slow-release, single-dose antibiotic.  After 176 days, the rejection rate of control fish (40%, n = 8) was twice that of fish treated with a slow-release antibiotic (20%, n = 4).  Although we did not find a statistical difference between test groups, this was likely a function of sample size and we view the results as encouraging, justifying further investigation and use of slow-release antibiotics in koi carp.
Koi carp were monitored on the lower Waikato River using both radio and acoustic telemetry for 18 months.  Koi carp migrated throughout the basin and frequently used lateral habitat.  At least 74% of fish that were monitored for at least 250 days migrated through the waterways between riverine lakes or wetlands and the Waikato River.  Waterways connecting riverine lakes and wetlands to the lower Waikato River are ideal locations to intercept migrating koi carp.  Fish released at Lake Whangape occupied a total linear range (TLR) of over 120 km in just 218 days, which represents 71% of the potential in river TLR within the lower Waikato River Basin.  Adult koi carp were found to be active year-round, but peak movements occurred during spawning season (October) during both years of the study.  With a long-term commitment and thoughtful planning, removing a biologically significant proportion of koi carp biomass from the riverine lakes and wetlands of the lower Waikato River is feasible.

year: 2009

title: Bringing home the body: Bi/multi racial Maori women's hybridity in Aotearoa/New Zealand

authors: Moeke-Maxwell, Tess

abstract: This thesis examines the exclusion of bi/multi racial Maori women from dominant representations of Maori women's identity. As such, it engages with a new articulation of Maori women's difference through a narrative of cultural hybridity. Presented in two parts, Part One engages with a theoretical overview of the formation of the New Zealand nation, the social construction of Maori and Pakeha cultural groups and the race relations that developed through the discursive practices of colonialism Through a study of key texts on the history of New Zealand and dominant articulations describing Maori nationalists' efforts to invoke equality for New Zealand's indigenous people during the 1970s - 1980s, I exemplify how an essentialist Maori women's identity was promoted within Maori nationalist appeals to bicultural nationalism This textual research indicates that an exclusive and traditional narrative of Maori women's identity emerged to exclude the specificities of bi/multi racial Maori women. As such, their experiences are ignored within dominant academic, feminist and Maori articulations of what constitutes Maori women's cultural identity. Current articulations of Maori women's identity do not include an analysis of race, gender and class, nor the way they operate simultaneously to position the bi/multi racial woman discursively in the nation today. 
In order to extend a narrative of Maori women's identity to include bi/multi racial women, Part Two engages with a qualitative research methodology. The social construction and 'performance' of Maori women's cultural hybridity is identified. Twenty women who position themselves as bi/multi racial were interviewed using a 'Kaupapa Bi/multi Racial Research' methodology, which was developed using a feminist oriented 'life-history' approach, sensitised to Maori research cultural specificities. Interviews allowed the participants' unique experiences to emerge, permitting an examination of Maori women's cultural hybridity. These narratives, when grounded in the theoretical ideas outlined in Part One, provide the experiential evidence needed to support an articulation of bi/multi racial identity. My research insists that the raced and gendered body must be reinstated within articulations of Maori women's identity through situating corporeal difference within discussions on their subjectivity and related marginalisation. Until then, the materiality of the raced and gendered body will remain detached and suspended from bi/multi racial women's cultural and material existence.

text: Bringing home the body: Bi/multi racial Maori women's hybridity in Aotearoa/New Zealand This thesis examines the exclusion of bi/multi racial Maori women from dominant representations of Maori women's identity. As such, it engages with a new articulation of Maori women's difference through a narrative of cultural hybridity. Presented in two parts, Part One engages with a theoretical overview of the formation of the New Zealand nation, the social construction of Maori and Pakeha cultural groups and the race relations that developed through the discursive practices of colonialism Through a study of key texts on the history of New Zealand and dominant articulations describing Maori nationalists' efforts to invoke equality for New Zealand's indigenous people during the 1970s - 1980s, I exemplify how an essentialist Maori women's identity was promoted within Maori nationalist appeals to bicultural nationalism This textual research indicates that an exclusive and traditional narrative of Maori women's identity emerged to exclude the specificities of bi/multi racial Maori women. As such, their experiences are ignored within dominant academic, feminist and Maori articulations of what constitutes Maori women's cultural identity. Current articulations of Maori women's identity do not include an analysis of race, gender and class, nor the way they operate simultaneously to position the bi/multi racial woman discursively in the nation today. 
In order to extend a narrative of Maori women's identity to include bi/multi racial women, Part Two engages with a qualitative research methodology. The social construction and 'performance' of Maori women's cultural hybridity is identified. Twenty women who position themselves as bi/multi racial were interviewed using a 'Kaupapa Bi/multi Racial Research' methodology, which was developed using a feminist oriented 'life-history' approach, sensitised to Maori research cultural specificities. Interviews allowed the participants' unique experiences to emerge, permitting an examination of Maori women's cultural hybridity. These narratives, when grounded in the theoretical ideas outlined in Part One, provide the experiential evidence needed to support an articulation of bi/multi racial identity. My research insists that the raced and gendered body must be reinstated within articulations of Maori women's identity through situating corporeal difference within discussions on their subjectivity and related marginalisation. Until then, the materiality of the raced and gendered body will remain detached and suspended from bi/multi racial women's cultural and material existence.

year: 2003