title: The uptake of artificial roosts by long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) in Hamilton City

authors: Robinson, Hannah Lois

subjects: Long-tailed bat

abstract: Globally, short to medium-term mitigation for the loss of bat roosting habitat has largely favoured the implementation of artificial roosts. However, their implementation has somewhat outpaced research, resulting in highly generalised guidelines concerning installation, maintenance, and reported suitability. Large-scale infrastructure and urban development projects in New Zealand are increasingly occurring in recognised long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) habitat. In 2019, to provide mitigation for the Southern Links Roading Project, 80 artificial roosts were installed in urban parks within Hamilton City. To better understand the uptake and suitability of artificial roosts for long-tailed bats. Research objectives included determination of artificial roost uptake and identification of specific areas of occupation or seasonal differences in occupation. In addition, seasonal acoustic bat surveys and mammalian predator surveys were conducted in ten locations within the vicinity of artificial roosts to determine their potential influence on roost uptake. Habitat surveys and geospatial analyses were also undertaken to understand what factors are important for artificial roost occupation, and if those factors can be used to reliably predict the probability of occupation. Twenty-four (31%) of the 76 monitored artificial roosts were observed as occupied by long-tailed bats. Occupation was largely infrequent, with no clear seasonal difference, or specific areas of occupation. Two triple-chambered boxes installed in 2012 in Sandford Park-A were the exception, with the number of roosting bats notably increasing over the summer maternity season. Areas with comparatively high bat activity (>50 bat passes/night) corresponded with a greater percentage of occupied artificial roosts. The prevalence of mammalian predators in urban parks connected to the Mangakotukuku Gully, was comparatively high with 50% of the chew track cards damaged by rats and possums each month, and at least one possum pass was recorded by camera traps per survey night. However, predator prevalence appeared to have little influence on artificial roost uptake due to the anti-predator bands on trees. General linear modelling indicated positive probability of roost occupation with increasing distance to stand edge, high canopy cover, and increasing terrain slope. This indicated that Hamilton City long-tailed bats prefer sheltered artificial roosts, installed further from the stand edge within landscape features such as gullies. The logistic model also identified that distance to stand edge was the only variable that could be used to reliably predict roost occupation. Positive probability of roost occupation with an increasing number of chambers indicated that bats prefer multichambered roosts that facilitate clustering, and the provision of a range of microclimatic conditions within the roost. Negative probability of roost occupation as distance to occupied roosts increased indicated that bats may prefer to roost in clusters of artificial roosts. Future artificial roost installation in Hamilton City should situate roosts in sheltered locations, ideally nearby natural or already occupied artificial roosts to facilitate discovery and uptake. Prior to installation, bat activity should be monitored so box installation can prioritise areas with high activity. Anti-predator band maintenance should also occur at least every 6-months to ensure bands have not detached, which may place roosting bats at risk of predation.

text: The uptake of artificial roosts by long-tailed bats (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) in Hamilton City Globally, short to medium-term mitigation for the loss of bat roosting habitat has largely favoured the implementation of artificial roosts. However, their implementation has somewhat outpaced research, resulting in highly generalised guidelines concerning installation, maintenance, and reported suitability. Large-scale infrastructure and urban development projects in New Zealand are increasingly occurring in recognised long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) habitat. In 2019, to provide mitigation for the Southern Links Roading Project, 80 artificial roosts were installed in urban parks within Hamilton City. To better understand the uptake and suitability of artificial roosts for long-tailed bats. Research objectives included determination of artificial roost uptake and identification of specific areas of occupation or seasonal differences in occupation. In addition, seasonal acoustic bat surveys and mammalian predator surveys were conducted in ten locations within the vicinity of artificial roosts to determine their potential influence on roost uptake. Habitat surveys and geospatial analyses were also undertaken to understand what factors are important for artificial roost occupation, and if those factors can be used to reliably predict the probability of occupation. Twenty-four (31%) of the 76 monitored artificial roosts were observed as occupied by long-tailed bats. Occupation was largely infrequent, with no clear seasonal difference, or specific areas of occupation. Two triple-chambered boxes installed in 2012 in Sandford Park-A were the exception, with the number of roosting bats notably increasing over the summer maternity season. Areas with comparatively high bat activity (>50 bat passes/night) corresponded with a greater percentage of occupied artificial roosts. The prevalence of mammalian predators in urban parks connected to the Mangakotukuku Gully, was comparatively high with 50% of the chew track cards damaged by rats and possums each month, and at least one possum pass was recorded by camera traps per survey night. However, predator prevalence appeared to have little influence on artificial roost uptake due to the anti-predator bands on trees. General linear modelling indicated positive probability of roost occupation with increasing distance to stand edge, high canopy cover, and increasing terrain slope. This indicated that Hamilton City long-tailed bats prefer sheltered artificial roosts, installed further from the stand edge within landscape features such as gullies. The logistic model also identified that distance to stand edge was the only variable that could be used to reliably predict roost occupation. Positive probability of roost occupation with an increasing number of chambers indicated that bats prefer multichambered roosts that facilitate clustering, and the provision of a range of microclimatic conditions within the roost. Negative probability of roost occupation as distance to occupied roosts increased indicated that bats may prefer to roost in clusters of artificial roosts. Future artificial roost installation in Hamilton City should situate roosts in sheltered locations, ideally nearby natural or already occupied artificial roosts to facilitate discovery and uptake. Prior to installation, bat activity should be monitored so box installation can prioritise areas with high activity. Anti-predator band maintenance should also occur at least every 6-months to ensure bands have not detached, which may place roosting bats at risk of predation.

year: 2022

title: “Let's go round the circle:” How verbal facilitation can function as a means of direct instruction

authors: Brown, Mike

subjects: experience education

abstract: In this chapter, the term facilitation refers to the act of conducting a verbal discussion prior to, or after an activity, with the aim of encouraging students to reflect on what will, or has been, learned from experiences. An overview of the role of the leader/facilitator, as advocated in some widely available adventure education texts, is discussed. This is followed by an outline of the methodological approach that guided the research project. The analysis section highlights how the leader was observed directing and orchestrating the direction of talk through the "common sense" and everyday ways of conducting verbal facilitation sessions. The primary focus of analysis is on the structure of the interaction in these sessions (i.e., a leader-initiated topic for discussion, a student reply, and leader evaluation of this response). Short excerpts of data are used to support and illustrate the claims that are made in regard to the nature of the interaction that is observed in these settings.

text: “Let's go round the circle:” How verbal facilitation can function as a means of direct instruction In this chapter, the term facilitation refers to the act of conducting a verbal discussion prior to, or after an activity, with the aim of encouraging students to reflect on what will, or has been, learned from experiences. An overview of the role of the leader/facilitator, as advocated in some widely available adventure education texts, is discussed. This is followed by an outline of the methodological approach that guided the research project. The analysis section highlights how the leader was observed directing and orchestrating the direction of talk through the "common sense" and everyday ways of conducting verbal facilitation sessions. The primary focus of analysis is on the structure of the interaction in these sessions (i.e., a leader-initiated topic for discussion, a student reply, and leader evaluation of this response). Short excerpts of data are used to support and illustrate the claims that are made in regard to the nature of the interaction that is observed in these settings.

year: 2008

title: Ko te Korokoro o te Parata: Ko tātou tonu

authors: Higgins, Rawinia

subjects: Whakaora reo

abstract: I roto i ngā kaupapa whakaora i te reo Māori kei te waipukehia tātou e te reo Pākehā. Ahakoa he aha te kaupapa kei te mate tonu te reo Māori, ā kāore anō tātou kia kite kei hea te ara tika hei karo atu i te korokoro o te parata. Kāore hoki tātou e titiro me pēhea e whakarekareka ai te reo ki te huhua o ngā Māori, tuatahi; tuarua ki te motu whānui. Ko te āhua nei ko tātou tonu kei te patu i tō tātou reo. He tere nō tātou ki te whakahāwea i ngā tūmomo kaupapa whakaora reo Māori. Kei ngā ngutu noa iho te mate nui ki te reo Māori. Ka ara mai he kaupapa whakaora reo, arā kē te tokomaha o ngā tāngata e patu ana i taua kaupapa. Ahakoa ko wai, kāore tētahi kaupapa e noho tapu ana. Katoa kei te tātāhia e tātou tonu. Nō reira, me aha? Me tuku kia mate? Me pēhea te patu i te korokoro o te parata mehemea ko tātou tonu taua taniwha?

text: Ko te Korokoro o te Parata: Ko tātou tonu I roto i ngā kaupapa whakaora i te reo Māori kei te waipukehia tātou e te reo Pākehā. Ahakoa he aha te kaupapa kei te mate tonu te reo Māori, ā kāore anō tātou kia kite kei hea te ara tika hei karo atu i te korokoro o te parata. Kāore hoki tātou e titiro me pēhea e whakarekareka ai te reo ki te huhua o ngā Māori, tuatahi; tuarua ki te motu whānui. Ko te āhua nei ko tātou tonu kei te patu i tō tātou reo. He tere nō tātou ki te whakahāwea i ngā tūmomo kaupapa whakaora reo Māori. Kei ngā ngutu noa iho te mate nui ki te reo Māori. Ka ara mai he kaupapa whakaora reo, arā kē te tokomaha o ngā tāngata e patu ana i taua kaupapa. Ahakoa ko wai, kāore tētahi kaupapa e noho tapu ana. Katoa kei te tātāhia e tātou tonu. Nō reira, me aha? Me tuku kia mate? Me pēhea te patu i te korokoro o te parata mehemea ko tātou tonu taua taniwha?

year: 2011-04