title: Thermoplastic Protein Nano-Composites Using Bloodmeal and Bentonite

authors: Verbeek, Casparus Johan R.

subjects: nano-composite

abstract: Bloodmeal is a low value meat industry product and can be converted into a thermoplastic material. These novel thermoplastics often have inferior mechanical properties and require some degree of reinforcement. Reinforcement using octadecylamine (OAmine) modified bentonite have shown an increase in tensile strength from 7.69 to 9.26 MPa by using 2 parts clay per hundred parts bloodmeal. Unmodified clay did not lead to the same increase in strength. High shear during extrusion was not sufficient to prevent agglomeration at higher clay content leading to modified clay composites showing reduced tensile strength. Particle size of unmodified clay composites was small enough to lead to dispersion reinforcement, whereas modified clay composites showed even greater agglomeration, leading to a decrease in strength. It was concluded that the physical nature of the thermoplastic protein requires careful consideration as to the level of clay modification required.

text: Thermoplastic Protein Nano-Composites Using Bloodmeal and Bentonite Bloodmeal is a low value meat industry product and can be converted into a thermoplastic material. These novel thermoplastics often have inferior mechanical properties and require some degree of reinforcement. Reinforcement using octadecylamine (OAmine) modified bentonite have shown an increase in tensile strength from 7.69 to 9.26 MPa by using 2 parts clay per hundred parts bloodmeal. Unmodified clay did not lead to the same increase in strength. High shear during extrusion was not sufficient to prevent agglomeration at higher clay content leading to modified clay composites showing reduced tensile strength. Particle size of unmodified clay composites was small enough to lead to dispersion reinforcement, whereas modified clay composites showed even greater agglomeration, leading to a decrease in strength. It was concluded that the physical nature of the thermoplastic protein requires careful consideration as to the level of clay modification required.

year: 2013

title: “They’re scared to coach us Paras”:  Understanding the social reproduction of  ableism in disability sport coaching

authors: Clare, Olivia

subjects: Ableism

abstract: In recognising the ableism disabled children and young people are exposed to through sport, this research investigated the mechanisms for the reproduction of ableism in and through coaching. Through semi-structured interviews, the learning journeys of ten disability sport coaches were explored. Drawing on a critical sociological framework, data analysis involved an abductive approach with Bourdieu’s sociology and ableism as sensitising concepts. In addition, Charlie’s story, the experiences of a young disabled person, is presented as a further sensitising concept. By applying Bourdieu’s theory and practice in conjunction with ableism, the interrelatedness of the theories was demonstrated. The research found that disability sport exists as a sub-field, kept at arm's-length from the mainstream sport field. As such, coaches’ mobility between sport and disability sport was constrained and often serendipitous. Further, disability knowledge was marginalised in coach education and positioned as optional and ‘other’. This optional othering is a manifestation of the institutionalised ableism of the coach education system. Further, the pedagogies used within coach education reinforced enlightened and benevolent forms of ableism. The analysis suggested that ableism is present in the field, habitus and distribution of capital and is, therefore, hard to challenge and is predisposed to reproduction. The field’s socialising conditions transmit certain orientations towards disability, bodies, and sport.  Dispositions toward disability were informed by the field of power and its inherent compulsory able-bodiedness. The findings evidenced that ableism exists as doxa (accepted practice that goes without saying) within the field of sport and sub-field of disability sport. Ableism is woven into the fabric of coaching and forms a part of the classifying principles which are instilled in coaches’ habitus through doxa. Thus, it is ableism that guides how coaches perceive, interpret and act in the disability sport field. Furthermore, doxa (ableism) was more influential on coaches’ learning than coach education. Understanding ableism as doxa within the field of disability sport provides critical insight into how social and symbolic structures constrain coach learning. No matter how well-meaning coaches are, ableism is inscribed in habitus through doxa.

text: “They’re scared to coach us Paras”:  Understanding the social reproduction of  ableism in disability sport coaching In recognising the ableism disabled children and young people are exposed to through sport, this research investigated the mechanisms for the reproduction of ableism in and through coaching. Through semi-structured interviews, the learning journeys of ten disability sport coaches were explored. Drawing on a critical sociological framework, data analysis involved an abductive approach with Bourdieu’s sociology and ableism as sensitising concepts. In addition, Charlie’s story, the experiences of a young disabled person, is presented as a further sensitising concept. By applying Bourdieu’s theory and practice in conjunction with ableism, the interrelatedness of the theories was demonstrated. The research found that disability sport exists as a sub-field, kept at arm's-length from the mainstream sport field. As such, coaches’ mobility between sport and disability sport was constrained and often serendipitous. Further, disability knowledge was marginalised in coach education and positioned as optional and ‘other’. This optional othering is a manifestation of the institutionalised ableism of the coach education system. Further, the pedagogies used within coach education reinforced enlightened and benevolent forms of ableism. The analysis suggested that ableism is present in the field, habitus and distribution of capital and is, therefore, hard to challenge and is predisposed to reproduction. The field’s socialising conditions transmit certain orientations towards disability, bodies, and sport.  Dispositions toward disability were informed by the field of power and its inherent compulsory able-bodiedness. The findings evidenced that ableism exists as doxa (accepted practice that goes without saying) within the field of sport and sub-field of disability sport. Ableism is woven into the fabric of coaching and forms a part of the classifying principles which are instilled in coaches’ habitus through doxa. Thus, it is ableism that guides how coaches perceive, interpret and act in the disability sport field. Furthermore, doxa (ableism) was more influential on coaches’ learning than coach education. Understanding ableism as doxa within the field of disability sport provides critical insight into how social and symbolic structures constrain coach learning. No matter how well-meaning coaches are, ableism is inscribed in habitus through doxa.

year: 2024-10-01

title: Parallel development: A model for the delivery of culturally safe social services

authors: Nikora, Linda Waimarie

subjects: Social services

abstract: Like many other former colonies, Aotearoa/New Zealand has witnessed the assertion of the rights of the indigenous people, Maori, to be self-determining in an environment of Pakeha domination. (The term Pakeha is often used to describe white New Zealanders, most of whom are of British descent.) This has important implications for the development of social services where new models are being developed to better reflect Maori aspirations. One such model is parallel development.

text: Parallel development: A model for the delivery of culturally safe social services Like many other former colonies, Aotearoa/New Zealand has witnessed the assertion of the rights of the indigenous people, Maori, to be self-determining in an environment of Pakeha domination. (The term Pakeha is often used to describe white New Zealanders, most of whom are of British descent.) This has important implications for the development of social services where new models are being developed to better reflect Maori aspirations. One such model is parallel development.

year: 1995-06-01