title: Ulvan: A systematic review of extraction, composition and function

authors: Kidgell, Joel T.

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Species of green macroalgae (Chlorophyta) of the genus Ulva are edible seaweeds with a range of health promoting bioactive components. Ulva is high in dietary fibre which promotes gastrointestinal health and is linked to a reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases. The fundamental active constituent of Ulva is the soluble fibre ulvan, a gelling sulfated polysaccharide with biological activities including immunomodulating, antiviral, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and anticancer. Ulvan also has the capacity to modulate cellular signalling processes in both plant and animal systems leading to beneficial effects on productivity and health. Consequently, ulvan is of significant interest as a constituent in human health, agricultural, and biomaterial products. This comprehensive systematic review investigates and recommends acid extraction, ultrafiltration, sugar constituent and molecular weight analysis for the extraction, purification, and characterisation of ulvan, respectively. The biological activities of ulvans are then critically reviewed.

text: Ulvan: A systematic review of extraction, composition and function Species of green macroalgae (Chlorophyta) of the genus Ulva are edible seaweeds with a range of health promoting bioactive components. Ulva is high in dietary fibre which promotes gastrointestinal health and is linked to a reduction in the incidence of chronic diseases. The fundamental active constituent of Ulva is the soluble fibre ulvan, a gelling sulfated polysaccharide with biological activities including immunomodulating, antiviral, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic and anticancer. Ulvan also has the capacity to modulate cellular signalling processes in both plant and animal systems leading to beneficial effects on productivity and health. Consequently, ulvan is of significant interest as a constituent in human health, agricultural, and biomaterial products. This comprehensive systematic review investigates and recommends acid extraction, ultrafiltration, sugar constituent and molecular weight analysis for the extraction, purification, and characterisation of ulvan, respectively. The biological activities of ulvans are then critically reviewed.

year: 2019

title: Disabling access to illegal online content by way of takedowns

authors: Tan, Rachel Sue Yin

abstract: This article discusses the European Union's approach to regulating illegal content and hate speech online. The report "Digital Services Act — deepening the internal market and clarifying responsibilities for digital services" by Sally Broughton Micova and Alexandre de Streel provides an overview of EU law in this context. The e-Commerce Directive serves as a horizontal regulation covering all platforms and types of illegal content. Vertical regulations are also applied for specific content under EU law. The EU aims to update the framework to establish clear responsibilities for digital service providers.

The e-Commerce Directive establishes limited liability for service providers concerning third-party content. This means platforms are responsible for removing flagged or notified illegal content. While methods like artificial intelligence could assist, the complexity of monitoring makes this challenging.

Regulating online hate speech is a complex issue. The author suggests a holistic approach involving society, law, platforms, and users is necessary. Legal scholar Wolfgang Schulz highlights challenges in regulating online harms and the potential erosion of civil liberties. Amendments to laws like NetzDG in Germany reflect attempts to strike a balance between regulation and protecting free speech.

text: Disabling access to illegal online content by way of takedowns This article discusses the European Union's approach to regulating illegal content and hate speech online. The report "Digital Services Act — deepening the internal market and clarifying responsibilities for digital services" by Sally Broughton Micova and Alexandre de Streel provides an overview of EU law in this context. The e-Commerce Directive serves as a horizontal regulation covering all platforms and types of illegal content. Vertical regulations are also applied for specific content under EU law. The EU aims to update the framework to establish clear responsibilities for digital service providers.

The e-Commerce Directive establishes limited liability for service providers concerning third-party content. This means platforms are responsible for removing flagged or notified illegal content. While methods like artificial intelligence could assist, the complexity of monitoring makes this challenging.

Regulating online hate speech is a complex issue. The author suggests a holistic approach involving society, law, platforms, and users is necessary. Legal scholar Wolfgang Schulz highlights challenges in regulating online harms and the potential erosion of civil liberties. Amendments to laws like NetzDG in Germany reflect attempts to strike a balance between regulation and protecting free speech.

year: 2021-11-11

title: A chance for ontology

authors: Mika, Carl Te Hira

subjects: Māori education

abstract: This paper speaks to Hook’s thesis that a National Māori University needs to be established. However, it sets about this task by designating Hook’s intended central concerns to the outer reaches of his article’s limits, and moving towards the core those more ephemeral issues, which, despite their haziness, still demand attention. Hook builds an argument premised on assertions to do with the functional need for a National Māori University, and only hints at the nature of the knowledge to be experienced at such an institution – yet as the commentator I found that the various elements of that peripheral issue coalesced to demand my attention. In this peer commentary I consider how issues to do with the very nature of knowledge – if indeed we want to call it that – become absolutely vital (and hence central) to any discussion about a National Māori University.

text: A chance for ontology This paper speaks to Hook’s thesis that a National Māori University needs to be established. However, it sets about this task by designating Hook’s intended central concerns to the outer reaches of his article’s limits, and moving towards the core those more ephemeral issues, which, despite their haziness, still demand attention. Hook builds an argument premised on assertions to do with the functional need for a National Māori University, and only hints at the nature of the knowledge to be experienced at such an institution – yet as the commentator I found that the various elements of that peripheral issue coalesced to demand my attention. In this peer commentary I consider how issues to do with the very nature of knowledge – if indeed we want to call it that – become absolutely vital (and hence central) to any discussion about a National Māori University.

year: 2010