title: The effects of tides on swash statistics on an intermediate beach

authors: Guedes, Rafael Marcondes Carvalho

subjects: intermediate beach

abstract: Swash hydrodynamics were investigated on an intermediate beach using runup data obtained from video images. Under mild, near-constant, offshore wave conditions, the presence of a sandbar and the tidally controlled water depth over its crest determined whether most of the incoming waves broke before reaching the shoreline. This forced a change in the pattern of wave energy dissipation across the surf zone between low and high tide, which was reflected by changes to swash on time scales of a few hours. Significant runup height (Rs, defined as 4 times the standard deviation of the waterline time series), was found to vary by a factor of 2 between low tide, when most of the waves were breaking over the sandbar (Rs/Hs ≈ 1.5, where Hs is the offshore significant wave height) and high tide, when the waves were barely breaking (Rs/Hs ≈ 2.7). The increase in wave energy dissipation during low tide was also associated with changes in swash maxima distribution, a decrease in mean swash period, and increasing energy at infragravity frequencies. Bispectral analysis suggested that this infragravity modulation might have been connected with the presence of secondary waves.

text: The effects of tides on swash statistics on an intermediate beach Swash hydrodynamics were investigated on an intermediate beach using runup data obtained from video images. Under mild, near-constant, offshore wave conditions, the presence of a sandbar and the tidally controlled water depth over its crest determined whether most of the incoming waves broke before reaching the shoreline. This forced a change in the pattern of wave energy dissipation across the surf zone between low and high tide, which was reflected by changes to swash on time scales of a few hours. Significant runup height (Rs, defined as 4 times the standard deviation of the waterline time series), was found to vary by a factor of 2 between low tide, when most of the waves were breaking over the sandbar (Rs/Hs ≈ 1.5, where Hs is the offshore significant wave height) and high tide, when the waves were barely breaking (Rs/Hs ≈ 2.7). The increase in wave energy dissipation during low tide was also associated with changes in swash maxima distribution, a decrease in mean swash period, and increasing energy at infragravity frequencies. Bispectral analysis suggested that this infragravity modulation might have been connected with the presence of secondary waves.

year: 2011

title: The occurrence and role of ubiquinone in electron transport to oxygen and nitrate in aerobically, anaerobically and symbiotically grown Rhizobium japonicum

authors: Daniel, Roy M.

subjects: Rhizobium japonicum

abstract: Ubiquinone was extracted from free-living Rhizobium japonicum, grown aerobically or anaerobically, and from the symbiotic bacteroid form; it was tentatively identified as the Q-10 homologue. The ubiquinone concentration was highest in symbiotically grown R. japonicum but the ratio ubiquinone:total cytochrome was about 1•5:1 in membrane particles from organisms grown under all three conditions. The ubiquinone was reduced 75% by NADH, completely oxidized by oxygen but not oxidized by nitrate. NADH oxidase activity and nitrate reductase activity in membrane particles from organisms grown under the different conditions were similar except that nitrate reductase activity was low in aerobically grown organisms. It is concluded that ubiquinone functions in electron transport to oxygen but not to nitrate.

text: The occurrence and role of ubiquinone in electron transport to oxygen and nitrate in aerobically, anaerobically and symbiotically grown Rhizobium japonicum Ubiquinone was extracted from free-living Rhizobium japonicum, grown aerobically or anaerobically, and from the symbiotic bacteroid form; it was tentatively identified as the Q-10 homologue. The ubiquinone concentration was highest in symbiotically grown R. japonicum but the ratio ubiquinone:total cytochrome was about 1•5:1 in membrane particles from organisms grown under all three conditions. The ubiquinone was reduced 75% by NADH, completely oxidized by oxygen but not oxidized by nitrate. NADH oxidase activity and nitrate reductase activity in membrane particles from organisms grown under the different conditions were similar except that nitrate reductase activity was low in aerobically grown organisms. It is concluded that ubiquinone functions in electron transport to oxygen but not to nitrate.

year: 1979

title: Oranga whānau, oranga niho: The oral health status of 5-year-old Māori children. A case study

authors: Te Amo, Kirstin Mei

subjects: Maori health

abstract: Research has shown that the oral health of Māori is far worse than non-Māori across all
age groups. The objective of this research study was to assess the dental wellbeing of
5-year olds with a specific focus on Māori children currently residing in the Hamilton City
region. In addition, this research focused on the impact that social, economic, cultural
and environmental factors have on oral health. A total of 32 participants were invited to
take part in this research: 15 5-year-old children from three selected schools, 15 (of the
children's) caregivers and 2 dental therapists who work in the Hamilton City region.
The findings indicated that overall Māori children and children of lower socio-economic
status had a much higher prevalence of dental caries (tooth decay) than non-Māori
children and children of higher socio-economic status. A number of contributing factors
were shown to be responsible for this disparity including the cultural inappropriateness
of oral health services and resources, affordability, role-modelling, parental awareness
and education, and the transient nature of families.
It was found that no one strategy or intervention will achieve dramatic improvements in
Māori oral health as a concerted effort is required by Local and Central Government, the
Health Sector and Māori communities.

text: Oranga whānau, oranga niho: The oral health status of 5-year-old Māori children. A case study Research has shown that the oral health of Māori is far worse than non-Māori across all
age groups. The objective of this research study was to assess the dental wellbeing of
5-year olds with a specific focus on Māori children currently residing in the Hamilton City
region. In addition, this research focused on the impact that social, economic, cultural
and environmental factors have on oral health. A total of 32 participants were invited to
take part in this research: 15 5-year-old children from three selected schools, 15 (of the
children's) caregivers and 2 dental therapists who work in the Hamilton City region.
The findings indicated that overall Māori children and children of lower socio-economic
status had a much higher prevalence of dental caries (tooth decay) than non-Māori
children and children of higher socio-economic status. A number of contributing factors
were shown to be responsible for this disparity including the cultural inappropriateness
of oral health services and resources, affordability, role-modelling, parental awareness
and education, and the transient nature of families.
It was found that no one strategy or intervention will achieve dramatic improvements in
Māori oral health as a concerted effort is required by Local and Central Government, the
Health Sector and Māori communities.

year: 2007