title: On the generation of compressible mirror-mode fluctuations in the inner heliosheath

authors: Fichtner, Horst

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Measurements made with the Voyager 1 spacecraft indicate that significant levels of compressive fluctuations exist in the inner heliosheath. Some studies have already been performed with respect to the mirror-mode instability in the downstream region close to the solar wind termination shock, and here we extend the investigation to the whole inner heliosheath. We employ quasilinear theory and results from a global magnetohydrodynamic model of the heliosphere to compute the time evolution of both the temperature anisotropy and the energy density of the corresponding magnetic fluctuations, and we demonstrate their likely presence in the inner heliosheath. Furthermore, we compute the associated, locally generated density fluctuations. The results can serve as inputs for future models of the transport of compressible turbulence in the inner heliosheath.

text: On the generation of compressible mirror-mode fluctuations in the inner heliosheath Measurements made with the Voyager 1 spacecraft indicate that significant levels of compressive fluctuations exist in the inner heliosheath. Some studies have already been performed with respect to the mirror-mode instability in the downstream region close to the solar wind termination shock, and here we extend the investigation to the whole inner heliosheath. We employ quasilinear theory and results from a global magnetohydrodynamic model of the heliosphere to compute the time evolution of both the temperature anisotropy and the energy density of the corresponding magnetic fluctuations, and we demonstrate their likely presence in the inner heliosheath. Furthermore, we compute the associated, locally generated density fluctuations. The results can serve as inputs for future models of the transport of compressible turbulence in the inner heliosheath.

year: 2020

title: Review: Detection and impact of protease and lipase activities in milk and milk powders

authors: Chen, L.

subjects: proteinase

abstract: Freshly drawn milk contains indigenous enzymes, including proteases and lipases. During handling and processing, milk acquires contaminating bacteria that produce further proteases and lipases, adding to the enzyme loading in the milk. Even when several heat treatment steps are used to prepare milk products, these will not be sufficient to inactivate all of the enzymes. Adverse effects of heat on the product limit the extent of heat treatments that can be used. The activities of proteinases and lipases that survive the heat treatments may cause changes in functionality and flavour of milk products, including milk powders, during storage. This review focuses on the characteristics of proteases (specifically proteinases) and lipases in milk and milk powders, detection methods for such enzymes and the effects of these enzymes on milk and milk powders during storage.

text: Review: Detection and impact of protease and lipase activities in milk and milk powders Freshly drawn milk contains indigenous enzymes, including proteases and lipases. During handling and processing, milk acquires contaminating bacteria that produce further proteases and lipases, adding to the enzyme loading in the milk. Even when several heat treatment steps are used to prepare milk products, these will not be sufficient to inactivate all of the enzymes. Adverse effects of heat on the product limit the extent of heat treatments that can be used. The activities of proteinases and lipases that survive the heat treatments may cause changes in functionality and flavour of milk products, including milk powders, during storage. This review focuses on the characteristics of proteases (specifically proteinases) and lipases in milk and milk powders, detection methods for such enzymes and the effects of these enzymes on milk and milk powders during storage.

year: 2003

title: Artefacts, biology and bias in museum collection research

authors: Wehi, Priscilla M.

subjects: experimenta design

abstract: Museum collections are increasingly subjected to scientific scrutiny, including molecular, isotopic and trace-element analyses. Recent advances have extended analyses from natural history specimens to historical artefacts. We highlight three areas of concern that can influence interpretation of data derived from museum collections: sampling issues associated with museum collection use, methods of analysis, and the value of cross-referencing data with historical documents and data sets. We use a case study that focuses on kiwi (Apteryx spp.) feather samples from valuable 19th century Māori cloaks in New Zealand to show how sampling and analysis challenges need to be minimized by careful design. We argue that aligning historical records with scientific data generated from museum collections significantly improves data interpretation.

text: Artefacts, biology and bias in museum collection research Museum collections are increasingly subjected to scientific scrutiny, including molecular, isotopic and trace-element analyses. Recent advances have extended analyses from natural history specimens to historical artefacts. We highlight three areas of concern that can influence interpretation of data derived from museum collections: sampling issues associated with museum collection use, methods of analysis, and the value of cross-referencing data with historical documents and data sets. We use a case study that focuses on kiwi (Apteryx spp.) feather samples from valuable 19th century Māori cloaks in New Zealand to show how sampling and analysis challenges need to be minimized by careful design. We argue that aligning historical records with scientific data generated from museum collections significantly improves data interpretation.

year: 2012-07