title: Utopic representations of empire: Examples of Seventeenth-Century colonial images

authors: Jennings, William

abstract: Early French colonies used enslavement to provide most of their labor, but they also needed to recruit landowners and artisans to build a settler society. This paper investigates how two colonial companies used maps and illustrations to represent new colonies as safe and prosperous sites that would appeal to potential recruits. The companies produced books and pamphlets promoting their colonies, but it was often possible to read between the lines and conclude that the colony was not as utopic as the company claimed. The images they produced, however, were utopic and had the advantage of allowing the viewer the freedom to interpret them regardless of literacy skills. The American Mainland Company, which in 1652 sent France’s biggest colonial expedition to date, showed it understood the importance of imagery when the following year it commissioned an illustration from France’s most prominent engraver, Israël Silvestre. A decade later, the French West India Company adapted a hydrographic map to present a more favorable view of a colony. This paper shows how the companies’ images deceived the viewer and created false impressions of easy life in the tropics.

text: Utopic representations of empire: Examples of Seventeenth-Century colonial images Early French colonies used enslavement to provide most of their labor, but they also needed to recruit landowners and artisans to build a settler society. This paper investigates how two colonial companies used maps and illustrations to represent new colonies as safe and prosperous sites that would appeal to potential recruits. The companies produced books and pamphlets promoting their colonies, but it was often possible to read between the lines and conclude that the colony was not as utopic as the company claimed. The images they produced, however, were utopic and had the advantage of allowing the viewer the freedom to interpret them regardless of literacy skills. The American Mainland Company, which in 1652 sent France’s biggest colonial expedition to date, showed it understood the importance of imagery when the following year it commissioned an illustration from France’s most prominent engraver, Israël Silvestre. A decade later, the French West India Company adapted a hydrographic map to present a more favorable view of a colony. This paper shows how the companies’ images deceived the viewer and created false impressions of easy life in the tropics.

year: 2025

title: Isolation, Structural Determination and Acute Toxicity of Pinnatoxins E, F and G

authors: Selwood, Andrew I.

subjects: Pinnatoxin

abstract: Pinnatoxins and pteriatoxins are a group of cyclic imine toxins that have hitherto only been isolated from Japanese shellfish. As with other cyclic imine shellfish toxins, pinnatoxins cause rapid death in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic shellfish toxins, but there is no evidence directly linking these compounds to human illness. We have identified the known pinnatoxins A (1) and D (6), and the novel pinnatoxins E (7), F (8) and G (5), in a range of shellfish and environmental samples from Australia and New Zealand using LC−MS. After isolation from the digestive glands of Pacific oysters, the structures of the novel pinnatoxins were determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, and their LD50 values were evaluated by ip administration to mice. Examination of the toxin structures, together with analysis of environmental samples, suggests that pinnatoxins F and G are produced separately in different dinoflagellates. Furthermore, it appears probable that pinnatoxin F (8) is the progenitor of pinnatoxins D (6) and E (7), and that pinnatoxin G (6) is the progenitor of both pinnatoxins A−C (1 and 2) and pteriatoxins A−C (3 and 4), via metabolic and hydrolytic transformations in shellfish.

text: Isolation, Structural Determination and Acute Toxicity of Pinnatoxins E, F and G Pinnatoxins and pteriatoxins are a group of cyclic imine toxins that have hitherto only been isolated from Japanese shellfish. As with other cyclic imine shellfish toxins, pinnatoxins cause rapid death in the mouse bioassay for lipophilic shellfish toxins, but there is no evidence directly linking these compounds to human illness. We have identified the known pinnatoxins A (1) and D (6), and the novel pinnatoxins E (7), F (8) and G (5), in a range of shellfish and environmental samples from Australia and New Zealand using LC−MS. After isolation from the digestive glands of Pacific oysters, the structures of the novel pinnatoxins were determined by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy, and their LD50 values were evaluated by ip administration to mice. Examination of the toxin structures, together with analysis of environmental samples, suggests that pinnatoxins F and G are produced separately in different dinoflagellates. Furthermore, it appears probable that pinnatoxin F (8) is the progenitor of pinnatoxins D (6) and E (7), and that pinnatoxin G (6) is the progenitor of both pinnatoxins A−C (1 and 2) and pteriatoxins A−C (3 and 4), via metabolic and hydrolytic transformations in shellfish.

year: 2010

title: Te Rau Matatini: Māori mental health workforce
development

authors: Hirini, Paul

subjects: Maori

abstract: Outlines the development and current projects of Te Rau Matatini, a charitable trust aiming to strengthen the Maori mental health workforce.

text: Te Rau Matatini: Māori mental health workforce
development Outlines the development and current projects of Te Rau Matatini, a charitable trust aiming to strengthen the Maori mental health workforce.

year: 2003