title: Theory combination: an alternative to data combination

authors: Ting, Kai Ming

subjects: computer science

abstract: The approach of combining theories learned from multiple batches of data provide an alternative to the common practice of learning one theory from all the available data (i.e., the data combination approach). This paper empirically examines the base-line behaviour of the theory combination approach in classification tasks. We find that theory combination can lead to better performance even if the disjoint batches of data are drawn randomly from a larger sample, and relate the relative performance of the two approaches to the learning curve of the classifier used.

text: Theory combination: an alternative to data combination The approach of combining theories learned from multiple batches of data provide an alternative to the common practice of learning one theory from all the available data (i.e., the data combination approach). This paper empirically examines the base-line behaviour of the theory combination approach in classification tasks. We find that theory combination can lead to better performance even if the disjoint batches of data are drawn randomly from a larger sample, and relate the relative performance of the two approaches to the learning curve of the classifier used.

year: 1996-10

title: Electric vehicle law and policy: a comparative analysis

authors: Barton, Barry

subjects: electric vehicles

abstract: Law and policy initiatives to encourage the uptake of electric vehicles are examined in an international context. The efforts of several jurisdictions to overcome barriers to a more rapid uptake of electric vehicles are examined: Norway, California, Germany, New Zealand, Australia and France. Price support is found to be essential as long as electric vehicles are more expensive than internal combustion vehicles. However the impact of fuel efficiency standards is greater than is sometimes appreciated, especially if reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security are key benefits in electric vehicles. Other measures are also examined. It is concluded that electric vehicle policy may diverge at key points from transport policy and from climate change policy. Care is needed to design laws and measures that will be effective from those different policy points of view, and that will promote social equity at the same time.

text: Electric vehicle law and policy: a comparative analysis Law and policy initiatives to encourage the uptake of electric vehicles are examined in an international context. The efforts of several jurisdictions to overcome barriers to a more rapid uptake of electric vehicles are examined: Norway, California, Germany, New Zealand, Australia and France. Price support is found to be essential as long as electric vehicles are more expensive than internal combustion vehicles. However the impact of fuel efficiency standards is greater than is sometimes appreciated, especially if reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing energy security are key benefits in electric vehicles. Other measures are also examined. It is concluded that electric vehicle policy may diverge at key points from transport policy and from climate change policy. Care is needed to design laws and measures that will be effective from those different policy points of view, and that will promote social equity at the same time.

year: 2017

title: Redefining taonga: The Treaty Principles Bill and its potential impact on the status of te reo Māori

authors: Carter, Wayne Ngahuka

abstract: This thesis explores the potential impact of Aotearoa New Zealand’s proposed Treaty Principles Bill on the recognition and protection of te reo Māori (Māori language) as a taonga under the Treaty of Waitangi. This research examines the redefinition of fundamental Treaty principles as outlined in the bill, specifically addressing important questions concerning how the transition from partnership, protection and participation towards a focus in equal rights might influence both the legal standing and the cultural status of te reo Māori. With a quantitative methodology approach, this study draws from a range of sources, including legislative policies, political documents, historical records, and academic analysis, to evaluate the impacts and risks this bill could impose. A comparative analysis study with international examples of indigenous language protection provides broader insights into the potential effects on Māori language revitalisation efforts and te reo Māori and its status under the 2016 Māori Language Act. Early findings indicate that the Treaty Principles Bill has ignited considerable debate throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, emphasising tensions between traditional interpretations of the Treaty of Waitangi and framework proposed by the Act Party. Māori rights advocates and public debates express worries that the bill could diminish current protection and reduce advancements achieved for te reo Māori as a taonga. Critics argue that redefining these principles might fracture Māori-Crown relationships, possibly weakening differences and impacting New Zealand’s governance and national identity. This debate emphasises the challenging task of restoring New Zealand’s colonial past with its modern goals for fairness and equality. As Parliament reviews this legislation, it is confronted with a crucial decision that will influence the future direction of Aotearoa New Zealand.

text: Redefining taonga: The Treaty Principles Bill and its potential impact on the status of te reo Māori This thesis explores the potential impact of Aotearoa New Zealand’s proposed Treaty Principles Bill on the recognition and protection of te reo Māori (Māori language) as a taonga under the Treaty of Waitangi. This research examines the redefinition of fundamental Treaty principles as outlined in the bill, specifically addressing important questions concerning how the transition from partnership, protection and participation towards a focus in equal rights might influence both the legal standing and the cultural status of te reo Māori. With a quantitative methodology approach, this study draws from a range of sources, including legislative policies, political documents, historical records, and academic analysis, to evaluate the impacts and risks this bill could impose. A comparative analysis study with international examples of indigenous language protection provides broader insights into the potential effects on Māori language revitalisation efforts and te reo Māori and its status under the 2016 Māori Language Act. Early findings indicate that the Treaty Principles Bill has ignited considerable debate throughout Aotearoa New Zealand, emphasising tensions between traditional interpretations of the Treaty of Waitangi and framework proposed by the Act Party. Māori rights advocates and public debates express worries that the bill could diminish current protection and reduce advancements achieved for te reo Māori as a taonga. Critics argue that redefining these principles might fracture Māori-Crown relationships, possibly weakening differences and impacting New Zealand’s governance and national identity. This debate emphasises the challenging task of restoring New Zealand’s colonial past with its modern goals for fairness and equality. As Parliament reviews this legislation, it is confronted with a crucial decision that will influence the future direction of Aotearoa New Zealand.

year: 2025