title: Clay minerals in South Australian Holocene basaltic volcanogenic soils and implications for halloysite genesis and structure

authors: Churchman, G. Jock

abstract: The clay mineralogical composition was determined of 8 soils formed from pyroclastic ejecta (tephra) from adjacent 5000-year old basaltic volcanoes at Mounts Gambier and Schank in South Australia. Both nanocrystalline (short-range order) and crystalline aluminosilicates and also Fe oxides and hydroxides were identified in the soils. Allophane generally occurred to a greater extent in the 4 soils derived from glass-rich Mt Schank tephra than in most of those from glass-poor Mt Gambier tephra. Ferrihydrite occurred along with allophane. Smectite, kaolinite, illite, and an interstratified kaolinite-smectite comprised the crystalline minerals in these soils. There was no evidence for halloysite. Unlike in New Zealand, decreased leaching resulted in Si-rich allophane, rather than halloysite, forming in place of the Al-rich form of the same mineral. This result may indicate that ferrous iron is an essential impurity in halloysite. It was likely absent from these soils because their high pH due to underlying calcareous rocks precludes its occurrence. The probable requirement of Fe(II) as an essential component of halloysites may have been overlooked because of oxidation consequent upon the inevitable drying of samples prior to analyses.

text: Clay minerals in South Australian Holocene basaltic volcanogenic soils and implications for halloysite genesis and structure The clay mineralogical composition was determined of 8 soils formed from pyroclastic ejecta (tephra) from adjacent 5000-year old basaltic volcanoes at Mounts Gambier and Schank in South Australia. Both nanocrystalline (short-range order) and crystalline aluminosilicates and also Fe oxides and hydroxides were identified in the soils. Allophane generally occurred to a greater extent in the 4 soils derived from glass-rich Mt Schank tephra than in most of those from glass-poor Mt Gambier tephra. Ferrihydrite occurred along with allophane. Smectite, kaolinite, illite, and an interstratified kaolinite-smectite comprised the crystalline minerals in these soils. There was no evidence for halloysite. Unlike in New Zealand, decreased leaching resulted in Si-rich allophane, rather than halloysite, forming in place of the Al-rich form of the same mineral. This result may indicate that ferrous iron is an essential impurity in halloysite. It was likely absent from these soils because their high pH due to underlying calcareous rocks precludes its occurrence. The probable requirement of Fe(II) as an essential component of halloysites may have been overlooked because of oxidation consequent upon the inevitable drying of samples prior to analyses.

year: 2014

title: Book review: Almost Englishmen: Baghdadi Jews in British Burma

authors: Simms, Norman

subjects: book review

abstract: This article reviews the book: “Almost Englishmen: Baghdadi Jews in British Burma”, by Ruth Feeman Cernea.

text: Book review: Almost Englishmen: Baghdadi Jews in British Burma This article reviews the book: “Almost Englishmen: Baghdadi Jews in British Burma”, by Ruth Feeman Cernea.

year: 2007

title: Cadastral reform of indigenous land information and environmental sustainability in New Zealand

authors: Jay, Grace Mairi M.

subjects: geography

abstract: New Zealand’s cadastral system has come under scrutiny in recent years, A sharp rise in the number of land claims by the country’s indigenous Maori, accompanied by historic environmental legislation, have prompted milk for cadastral reform. Although no consensus has yet emerged among experts about future cadastral reforms, land information mangers and Maori leaders generally concede the need for the overhaul of current land information management practices. However, any future reforms will have to reconcile seemingly incompatible goals, by being legally sound, culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. Most of the land in New Zealand is subject to legislation enacted within the past decade, which incorporates concern for the issues of sustainability, as well as the Maori’s cultural values and ancestral rights. The presence of this legislation, and a growing capacity among Maori to be involved, both mean that Maori concepts of land management and sustainability are receiving increasing attention in New Zealand, and are likely to influence the shape of future cadastral reforms for Maori lands.

text: Cadastral reform of indigenous land information and environmental sustainability in New Zealand New Zealand’s cadastral system has come under scrutiny in recent years, A sharp rise in the number of land claims by the country’s indigenous Maori, accompanied by historic environmental legislation, have prompted milk for cadastral reform. Although no consensus has yet emerged among experts about future cadastral reforms, land information mangers and Maori leaders generally concede the need for the overhaul of current land information management practices. However, any future reforms will have to reconcile seemingly incompatible goals, by being legally sound, culturally appropriate, and environmentally sustainable. Most of the land in New Zealand is subject to legislation enacted within the past decade, which incorporates concern for the issues of sustainability, as well as the Maori’s cultural values and ancestral rights. The presence of this legislation, and a growing capacity among Maori to be involved, both mean that Maori concepts of land management and sustainability are receiving increasing attention in New Zealand, and are likely to influence the shape of future cadastral reforms for Maori lands.

year: 1997