title: Considering reachability when comparing data refinements

authors: Reeves, Steve

subjects: computer science

abstract: Adding considerations about reachability to the Logics of Specification Languages [1] chapter [2].

text: Considering reachability when comparing data refinements Adding considerations about reachability to the Logics of Specification Languages [1] chapter [2].

year: 2008-11-03

title: How much new saving will kiwisaver produce?

authors: Gibson, John

subjects: KiwiSaver

abstract: After two decades of tax neutrality for private saving, New Zealand policy changed radically with the recent introduction of tax incentives for KiwiSaver. A key issue for tax-favoured saving schemes is the extent to which existing saving is reshuffled versus new saving created by reduced consumption. Using data from a nationwide survey carried out by the authors, we estimate that each dollar of KiwiSaver balances represents only $0.09-$0.19 of new saving. The rest is either reshuffling amongst existing saving and debt by KiwiSaver members, or else taxpayer and employer transfers which reduce national saving elsewhere. Homeowners are least likely to fund their KiwiSaver contributions by reducing spending, indicating possible mis-targeting since owners are often blamed for excessive consumption arising from house price wealth effects. There is little evidence that KiwiSaver affects either the reported trend in saving or the presence of dis-saving. Since only one-tenth of households report negative saving, KiwiSaver may be a costly and ineffective solution to a relatively small problem of insufficient household saving.

text: How much new saving will kiwisaver produce? After two decades of tax neutrality for private saving, New Zealand policy changed radically with the recent introduction of tax incentives for KiwiSaver. A key issue for tax-favoured saving schemes is the extent to which existing saving is reshuffled versus new saving created by reduced consumption. Using data from a nationwide survey carried out by the authors, we estimate that each dollar of KiwiSaver balances represents only $0.09-$0.19 of new saving. The rest is either reshuffling amongst existing saving and debt by KiwiSaver members, or else taxpayer and employer transfers which reduce national saving elsewhere. Homeowners are least likely to fund their KiwiSaver contributions by reducing spending, indicating possible mis-targeting since owners are often blamed for excessive consumption arising from house price wealth effects. There is little evidence that KiwiSaver affects either the reported trend in saving or the presence of dis-saving. Since only one-tenth of households report negative saving, KiwiSaver may be a costly and ineffective solution to a relatively small problem of insufficient household saving.

year: 2008-03

title: Te Puni Rumaki – Strengthening Māori medium initial teacher education

authors: Tamatea, Karaitiana

abstract: The delivery of initial teacher education for Māori medium contexts in Aotearoa seeks to support the revitalization of the indigenous language and practices in collaboration with the current education system. This presentation introduces a research project begun early in 2013 with providers, student teachers, schools and communities involved in respective Māori medium programmes. This research project has a "positive output approach" where fundamental elements to the success of these various programmes are shared. The wide range of Māori medium initial teacher education settings is investigated. Consequences from the research findings will also be discussed.

text: Te Puni Rumaki – Strengthening Māori medium initial teacher education The delivery of initial teacher education for Māori medium contexts in Aotearoa seeks to support the revitalization of the indigenous language and practices in collaboration with the current education system. This presentation introduces a research project begun early in 2013 with providers, student teachers, schools and communities involved in respective Māori medium programmes. This research project has a "positive output approach" where fundamental elements to the success of these various programmes are shared. The wide range of Māori medium initial teacher education settings is investigated. Consequences from the research findings will also be discussed.

year: 2014