title: Tales of the unexpected: halloysite delivers surprises and a paradox

authors: Lowe, David J.

abstract: Despite being first described nearly 200 years ago, halloysite still has the capacity to surprise. We report here the remarkable discovery in New Zealand of two new morphologies for this 1:1 Si:Al layered aluminosilicate member of the kaolin subgroup. One discovery was entirely serendipitous, thus lending validity to the famous phrase attributed to scientist Isaac Asimov: The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka” but “That’s funny...”. Moreover, the recognition of one of the new morphologies of halloysite helped enable a long-standing problem regarding the geotechnical property of sensitivity and its impact on landsliding in the Tauranga region, eastern North Island, to be solved. Such landsliding has commonly been attributed (possibly erroneously) to the dominance of nanocrystalline allophane, the clay commonly associated with halloysite in many weathered pyroclastic sequences and volcanogenic soils in North Island. In this article, we briefly summarise the circumstances and implications of the two discoveries relating to halloysite morphology, one published in Clay Minerals and the other in Geology, and a third study (also in Clay Minerals) relating in part to the formation of halloysite.

text: Tales of the unexpected: halloysite delivers surprises and a paradox Despite being first described nearly 200 years ago, halloysite still has the capacity to surprise. We report here the remarkable discovery in New Zealand of two new morphologies for this 1:1 Si:Al layered aluminosilicate member of the kaolin subgroup. One discovery was entirely serendipitous, thus lending validity to the famous phrase attributed to scientist Isaac Asimov: The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heralds new discoveries, is not “Eureka” but “That’s funny...”. Moreover, the recognition of one of the new morphologies of halloysite helped enable a long-standing problem regarding the geotechnical property of sensitivity and its impact on landsliding in the Tauranga region, eastern North Island, to be solved. Such landsliding has commonly been attributed (possibly erroneously) to the dominance of nanocrystalline allophane, the clay commonly associated with halloysite in many weathered pyroclastic sequences and volcanogenic soils in North Island. In this article, we briefly summarise the circumstances and implications of the two discoveries relating to halloysite morphology, one published in Clay Minerals and the other in Geology, and a third study (also in Clay Minerals) relating in part to the formation of halloysite.

year: 2016

title: Coronal magnetic energy release by current sheet reconnection

authors: Heerikhuisen, Jacob

abstract: In this thesis we investigate the rapid release of energy in the solar corona, with a particular view to understanding the solar flare in which magnetic reconnection is thought to play a key role. A review of existing reconnection solutions is given in Chapters 2 and 3, with new analytic and numeric results are presented in subsequent chapters.

Although much of the work in this thesis is computational, numerical investigations are always motivated theoretically. In Chapters 4 and 5 several aspects of two dimensional reconnection are investigated using a periodic time-dependent incompressible code. One of the main points is to check the veracity of the analytic solution of Craig and Henton (1995) by running the code from general initial conditions. Other aspects of 2-D merging covered include the tearing mode instability, osculation and the effects of finite compressibility. 

We employ a 3-D time-dependent code, in Chapter 4, to check that the analytically predicted spine and fan forms develop from general initial conditions. Scalings with resistivity of the associated current structures are also investigated. Most of the analytic work so far has revolved around single null magnetic configurations. Chapter 6 focuses on reconnection solutions in the presence of multiple nulls. Finally, we look at an application of the analytic theory in the context of particle acceleration. In Chapter 7 we trace proton orbits using a physically plausible analytic current sheet solution.

text: Coronal magnetic energy release by current sheet reconnection In this thesis we investigate the rapid release of energy in the solar corona, with a particular view to understanding the solar flare in which magnetic reconnection is thought to play a key role. A review of existing reconnection solutions is given in Chapters 2 and 3, with new analytic and numeric results are presented in subsequent chapters.

Although much of the work in this thesis is computational, numerical investigations are always motivated theoretically. In Chapters 4 and 5 several aspects of two dimensional reconnection are investigated using a periodic time-dependent incompressible code. One of the main points is to check the veracity of the analytic solution of Craig and Henton (1995) by running the code from general initial conditions. Other aspects of 2-D merging covered include the tearing mode instability, osculation and the effects of finite compressibility. 

We employ a 3-D time-dependent code, in Chapter 4, to check that the analytically predicted spine and fan forms develop from general initial conditions. Scalings with resistivity of the associated current structures are also investigated. Most of the analytic work so far has revolved around single null magnetic configurations. Chapter 6 focuses on reconnection solutions in the presence of multiple nulls. Finally, we look at an application of the analytic theory in the context of particle acceleration. In Chapter 7 we trace proton orbits using a physically plausible analytic current sheet solution.

year: 2001

title: A short history of Te Mātāhauariki Research Institute

authors: Frame, Alex

abstract: Te Mātāhauariki Institute was established to continue the work of a research programme which had been established under a contract awarded under the Public Good Science Fund (PGSF), to the School of Law at the University of Waikato. This was the first law project to be so funded in New Zealand. The programme, titled "Laws and Institutions for a Bicultural New Zealand", was developed by Professors Paul Havemann and Margaret Bedggood, at the suggestion and under the guidance and encouragement of Professor Michael Selby, then Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Research. The design and writing of the programme itself was almost entirely the work of Professor Havemann. The funding granted initially was $450,000 for two years.

text: A short history of Te Mātāhauariki Research Institute Te Mātāhauariki Institute was established to continue the work of a research programme which had been established under a contract awarded under the Public Good Science Fund (PGSF), to the School of Law at the University of Waikato. This was the first law project to be so funded in New Zealand. The programme, titled "Laws and Institutions for a Bicultural New Zealand", was developed by Professors Paul Havemann and Margaret Bedggood, at the suggestion and under the guidance and encouragement of Professor Michael Selby, then Deputy Vice Chancellor in charge of Research. The design and writing of the programme itself was almost entirely the work of Professor Havemann. The funding granted initially was $450,000 for two years.

year: 2010-2011