title: Conceptualizing gender: Lessons from the Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey

authors: Frohard-Dourlent, Hélène

abstract: As discussions of gender identity become more widespread, the definitions of sex and gender both fluctuate and stabilize in new ways. In this article, we draw on qualitative and quantitative data from the first Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey (CTYHS) to analyze how young trans people articulate modern definitions of gender, gender identity, and sex. The CTYHS was an anonymous online survey that had 923 trans youth participants aged 14–25. It incorporated multiple questions related to gender, soliciting feedback on each question through open-ended textboxes. Our analysis of this qualitative data suggests convergences and tensions in how trans youth conceptualize gender/sex, including the ways in which youth use the language of social construction and the language of bioessentialism to legitimize their gender(s). These different ways of articulating their lived experiences and understandings of gender and sex integrate insights from the work of critical gender scholars, feminists, and trans activists, yet they redo (or undo) gender and sex in very different ways. We conclude by considering what implications this complex web of meaning making might have for understandings of gender and sex for future research focused on trans youth, particularly in the context of large-scale surveys.

text: Conceptualizing gender: Lessons from the Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey As discussions of gender identity become more widespread, the definitions of sex and gender both fluctuate and stabilize in new ways. In this article, we draw on qualitative and quantitative data from the first Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey (CTYHS) to analyze how young trans people articulate modern definitions of gender, gender identity, and sex. The CTYHS was an anonymous online survey that had 923 trans youth participants aged 14–25. It incorporated multiple questions related to gender, soliciting feedback on each question through open-ended textboxes. Our analysis of this qualitative data suggests convergences and tensions in how trans youth conceptualize gender/sex, including the ways in which youth use the language of social construction and the language of bioessentialism to legitimize their gender(s). These different ways of articulating their lived experiences and understandings of gender and sex integrate insights from the work of critical gender scholars, feminists, and trans activists, yet they redo (or undo) gender and sex in very different ways. We conclude by considering what implications this complex web of meaning making might have for understandings of gender and sex for future research focused on trans youth, particularly in the context of large-scale surveys.

year: 2020

title: Chinese Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale: translation and psychometric evaluation

authors: Lim, Kheng Seang

subjects: Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy

abstract: None of the quantitative scale for public attitudes toward epilepsy was translated to Chinese language. This study aimed to translate and test the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. Methods: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 140 Chinese-speaking adults aged more than 18 years for psychometric validation. Results: The items in each domain had similar standard deviations (equal item variance), ranged from 0.85-0.95 in personal domain and 0.75-1.04 in general domain. The correlation between an item and its domain was 0.4 and above for all, and higher than the correlation with the other domain. Multitrait analysis showed the Chinese PATE had a similar variance, floor and ceiling effects, and relative relationship between the domains, as the original PATE. The Chinese PATE scale showed a similar correlation with almost all demographic variable except age. Item means were generally clustered in the factor analysis as hypothesized. The Cronbach’s α values was within acceptable range (0.773) in the personal domain and satisfactory range (0.693) in the general domain. Conclusion: The Chinese PATE scale is a validated and reliable translated version in measuring the public attitudes toward epilepsy.

text: Chinese Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale: translation and psychometric evaluation None of the quantitative scale for public attitudes toward epilepsy was translated to Chinese language. This study aimed to translate and test the validity and reliability of a Chinese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE) scale. Methods: The translation was performed according to standard principles and tested in 140 Chinese-speaking adults aged more than 18 years for psychometric validation. Results: The items in each domain had similar standard deviations (equal item variance), ranged from 0.85-0.95 in personal domain and 0.75-1.04 in general domain. The correlation between an item and its domain was 0.4 and above for all, and higher than the correlation with the other domain. Multitrait analysis showed the Chinese PATE had a similar variance, floor and ceiling effects, and relative relationship between the domains, as the original PATE. The Chinese PATE scale showed a similar correlation with almost all demographic variable except age. Item means were generally clustered in the factor analysis as hypothesized. The Cronbach’s α values was within acceptable range (0.773) in the personal domain and satisfactory range (0.693) in the general domain. Conclusion: The Chinese PATE scale is a validated and reliable translated version in measuring the public attitudes toward epilepsy.

year: 2013

title: An exploration of wellbeing in Hapū Wānanga through a Te Wheke framework analysis

authors: Hawaikirangi, Lena

subjects: Antenatal education

abstract: Before colonisation, Māori had comprehensive knowledge and practices around pregnancy and childbirth. With colonisation, traditional maternity knowledge and practices were replaced by western medical practices. In more recent times, antenatal education classes have played an essential role in providing information on pregnancy, birth and caring for newborns. Research reports that Māori are less likely to attend antenatal programmes and  have suggested that culturally responsive programmes may encourage better engagement by Māori. Hapū Wānanga is a kaupapa Māori antenatal education programme. No previous research has explored how whānau experience wellbeing through Hapū Wānanga. This research explores how participants experience wellbeing within the Kia Wana  Lakes Baby Service Hapū Wānanga. Three participants, including one couple, and three facilitators were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed through a framework analysis using the Te Wheke model (Pere, 1997), a comprehensive Māori model of health. Findings showed that Hapū Wānanga caters to Māori holistic views of wellbeing, as demonstrated through the Te Wheke Model (Pere, 1997). All participants reported negative experiences with mainstream antenatal services; however, whānau enjoyed their experience at Hapū Wānanga. The two dimensions that influenced participants most were whānaungatanga (kinship ties) and hā ā koro mā ā kuia mā (cultural heritage). Although whānau were empowered by their experience at Hapū Wānanga, they wanted to learn more about parenting and postpartum, mental health. Overall, my findings highlighted that culturally adapted programmes that cater to  holistic models of wellbeing could engage Māori service users in an enjoyable and empowering way. If healthcare providers are to be successful in improving indigenous peoples' wellbeing, they need to prioritise culturally adapted programmes based on holistic models of wellbeing.

text: An exploration of wellbeing in Hapū Wānanga through a Te Wheke framework analysis Before colonisation, Māori had comprehensive knowledge and practices around pregnancy and childbirth. With colonisation, traditional maternity knowledge and practices were replaced by western medical practices. In more recent times, antenatal education classes have played an essential role in providing information on pregnancy, birth and caring for newborns. Research reports that Māori are less likely to attend antenatal programmes and  have suggested that culturally responsive programmes may encourage better engagement by Māori. Hapū Wānanga is a kaupapa Māori antenatal education programme. No previous research has explored how whānau experience wellbeing through Hapū Wānanga. This research explores how participants experience wellbeing within the Kia Wana  Lakes Baby Service Hapū Wānanga. Three participants, including one couple, and three facilitators were interviewed. Transcripts were analysed through a framework analysis using the Te Wheke model (Pere, 1997), a comprehensive Māori model of health. Findings showed that Hapū Wānanga caters to Māori holistic views of wellbeing, as demonstrated through the Te Wheke Model (Pere, 1997). All participants reported negative experiences with mainstream antenatal services; however, whānau enjoyed their experience at Hapū Wānanga. The two dimensions that influenced participants most were whānaungatanga (kinship ties) and hā ā koro mā ā kuia mā (cultural heritage). Although whānau were empowered by their experience at Hapū Wānanga, they wanted to learn more about parenting and postpartum, mental health. Overall, my findings highlighted that culturally adapted programmes that cater to  holistic models of wellbeing could engage Māori service users in an enjoyable and empowering way. If healthcare providers are to be successful in improving indigenous peoples' wellbeing, they need to prioritise culturally adapted programmes based on holistic models of wellbeing.

year: 2021