title: Anionic germanium polycobalt carbonyl clusters. Part 3. Preparation and structures of [Net₄][Ge₂Co₇(CO)₂₁] and [Net₄][Ge{Co₇(CO)₂₀}]; two large clusters incorporating tetrahedral GeCo₃ units

authors: Duffy, D. Neil

subjects: chemistry

abstract: Reactions of the [Ge{Co₅(CO)₁₆}]⁻ cluster have given rise to two new germanium–polycobalt cluster anions, characterised as their Net₄⁺ salts by X-ray crystallography. The complex [NEt₄][Ge₂Co₇(CO)₂₁](1a) forms triclinic crystals, space group P , with a= 13.085(2), b= 19.712(7). c= 12.220(8)Å, α= 109.10(3), β= 92.60(2), γ= 129.32(3)°, and Z= 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=R′= 0.046 for 2 076 reflections with l > 3σ(l). The anion (1) consists of two –GeCo₃(CO)₉ units bonded mutually trans about a trigonal planar Co(CO)₃ group, giving idealised C3v, symmetry. For [Net₄][Ge{Co₇(CO)₂₀}](2a). crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a= l2.761(7), b= 18.415(3), c= 17.675(4)Å, β= 102.91(3)°, and Z= 4. The structure was refined to R= 0.077, R′= 0.074, for 1 123 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The anion (2) is a derivative of the C3v structure of [Co₄(CO)₁₂] with the axial carbonyl ligand of one basal cobalt replaced by a –GeCo₃-(CO)₉⁻ fragment. The Co4 tetrahedron is disordered.

text: Anionic germanium polycobalt carbonyl clusters. Part 3. Preparation and structures of [Net₄][Ge₂Co₇(CO)₂₁] and [Net₄][Ge{Co₇(CO)₂₀}]; two large clusters incorporating tetrahedral GeCo₃ units Reactions of the [Ge{Co₅(CO)₁₆}]⁻ cluster have given rise to two new germanium–polycobalt cluster anions, characterised as their Net₄⁺ salts by X-ray crystallography. The complex [NEt₄][Ge₂Co₇(CO)₂₁](1a) forms triclinic crystals, space group P , with a= 13.085(2), b= 19.712(7). c= 12.220(8)Å, α= 109.10(3), β= 92.60(2), γ= 129.32(3)°, and Z= 2. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R=R′= 0.046 for 2 076 reflections with l > 3σ(l). The anion (1) consists of two –GeCo₃(CO)₉ units bonded mutually trans about a trigonal planar Co(CO)₃ group, giving idealised C3v, symmetry. For [Net₄][Ge{Co₇(CO)₂₀}](2a). crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a= l2.761(7), b= 18.415(3), c= 17.675(4)Å, β= 102.91(3)°, and Z= 4. The structure was refined to R= 0.077, R′= 0.074, for 1 123 reflections with I > 2σ(I). The anion (2) is a derivative of the C3v structure of [Co₄(CO)₁₂] with the axial carbonyl ligand of one basal cobalt replaced by a –GeCo₃-(CO)₉⁻ fragment. The Co4 tetrahedron is disordered.

year: 1982

title: Radiographic features associated with increased surgical invasiveness in pyogenic vertebral column osteomyelitis

authors: Purea, Tangi

subjects: computer science

abstract: Study Design:
Single center retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:
Assess the association between well-known radiographic features for spinal instability from the Spinal Instability in Neoplasia Score (SINS) and surgical invasiveness in treating vertebral column osteomyelitis (VCO). This will potentially help surgeons in surgical planning and aid in developing a pathology specific score.

Methods:
Patients with VCO were identified from hospital coding. On preoperative computed tomography radiographic features, including spinal alignment, vertebral body collapse, location, type of bone lesion, and posterolateral involvement were assessed and scored 0 (stable) to 15 (highly unstable). Surgical invasiveness was graded as 0 = no surgery, 1 = decompression alone, 2 = shortening or posterior stabilization, or 3 = anterior column reconstruction.

Results:
A total of 41 patients were included. The mean age of the cohort was 63.3 years (SD 12.0) with male comprising 78%. The mean total radiographic score for the nonsurgical group was 6.39 (3.14) and for the surgical group 10.38 (3.06), P < .001. Spinal alignment, vertebral body collapse, type of bone lesion, and posterolateral involvement correlated with surgical invasiveness (all Ps < .05). Subgroup comparison following analysis of variance showed that only spinal alignment was significantly different between groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions:
Our findings show correlation of the radiographic components of the SINS with surgical invasiveness in management of pyogenic VCO—these findings should aid development of an “instability score” in pyogenic VCO. While most radiographic features assessed correlated with surgical invasiveness spinal alignment appears to be the key feature in determining the need for more invasive surgery.

text: Radiographic features associated with increased surgical invasiveness in pyogenic vertebral column osteomyelitis Study Design:
Single center retrospective cohort study.

Objectives:
Assess the association between well-known radiographic features for spinal instability from the Spinal Instability in Neoplasia Score (SINS) and surgical invasiveness in treating vertebral column osteomyelitis (VCO). This will potentially help surgeons in surgical planning and aid in developing a pathology specific score.

Methods:
Patients with VCO were identified from hospital coding. On preoperative computed tomography radiographic features, including spinal alignment, vertebral body collapse, location, type of bone lesion, and posterolateral involvement were assessed and scored 0 (stable) to 15 (highly unstable). Surgical invasiveness was graded as 0 = no surgery, 1 = decompression alone, 2 = shortening or posterior stabilization, or 3 = anterior column reconstruction.

Results:
A total of 41 patients were included. The mean age of the cohort was 63.3 years (SD 12.0) with male comprising 78%. The mean total radiographic score for the nonsurgical group was 6.39 (3.14) and for the surgical group 10.38 (3.06), P < .001. Spinal alignment, vertebral body collapse, type of bone lesion, and posterolateral involvement correlated with surgical invasiveness (all Ps < .05). Subgroup comparison following analysis of variance showed that only spinal alignment was significantly different between groups 2 and 3.

Conclusions:
Our findings show correlation of the radiographic components of the SINS with surgical invasiveness in management of pyogenic VCO—these findings should aid development of an “instability score” in pyogenic VCO. While most radiographic features assessed correlated with surgical invasiveness spinal alignment appears to be the key feature in determining the need for more invasive surgery.

year: 2020

title: Te Kōtihitihi: Ngā Tuhinga Reo Māori, Putanga 3

authors: Temara, Pou

abstract: Koinei te katoa o te Putanga 3 o te puka hautaka, Te Kōtihitihi.

text: Te Kōtihitihi: Ngā Tuhinga Reo Māori, Putanga 3 Koinei te katoa o te Putanga 3 o te puka hautaka, Te Kōtihitihi.

year: 2016