title: Quantifying temporal and spatial variations in sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus transport in stream inflows to a large eutrophic lake

authors: Abell, Jonathan Michael

abstract: High-frequency sampling of two major stream inflows to a large eutrophic lake (Lake Rotorua, New Zealand) was conducted to measure inputs of total suspended sediment (TSS), and fractions of nitrogen and phosphorus (P). A total of 17 rain events were sampled, including three during which both streams were simultaneously monitored to quantify how concentration–discharge (Q) relationships varied between catchments during similar hydrological conditions. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations declined slightly during events, reflecting dilution of groundwater inputs by rainfall, whereas dissolved inorganic P (PO₄–P) concentrations were variable and unrelated to Q, suggesting dynamic sorptive behaviour. Event loads of total nitrogen (TN) were predominantly DIN, which is available for immediate uptake by primary producers, whereas total phosphorus (TP) loads predominantly comprised particulate P (less labile). Positive correlations between Q and concentrations of TP (and to a lesser extent TN) reflected increased particulate nutrient concentrations at high flows. Consequently, load estimates based on hourly Q during storm events and concentrations of routine monthly samples (mostly base flow) under-estimated TN and TP loads by an average of 19% and 40% respectively. Hysteresis with Q was commonly observed and inclusion of hydrological variables that reflect Q history in regression models improved predictions of TN and TP concentrations. Lorenz curves describing the proportions of cumulative load versus cumulative time quantified temporal inequality in loading. In the two study streams, 50% of estimated two-year loads of TN, TP and TSS were transported in 202–207, 76–126 and 1–8 days respectively. This study quantifies how hydrological and landscape factors can interact to influence pollutant flux at the catchment scale and highlights the importance of including storm transfers in lake loading estimates.

text: Quantifying temporal and spatial variations in sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus transport in stream inflows to a large eutrophic lake High-frequency sampling of two major stream inflows to a large eutrophic lake (Lake Rotorua, New Zealand) was conducted to measure inputs of total suspended sediment (TSS), and fractions of nitrogen and phosphorus (P). A total of 17 rain events were sampled, including three during which both streams were simultaneously monitored to quantify how concentration–discharge (Q) relationships varied between catchments during similar hydrological conditions. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentrations declined slightly during events, reflecting dilution of groundwater inputs by rainfall, whereas dissolved inorganic P (PO₄–P) concentrations were variable and unrelated to Q, suggesting dynamic sorptive behaviour. Event loads of total nitrogen (TN) were predominantly DIN, which is available for immediate uptake by primary producers, whereas total phosphorus (TP) loads predominantly comprised particulate P (less labile). Positive correlations between Q and concentrations of TP (and to a lesser extent TN) reflected increased particulate nutrient concentrations at high flows. Consequently, load estimates based on hourly Q during storm events and concentrations of routine monthly samples (mostly base flow) under-estimated TN and TP loads by an average of 19% and 40% respectively. Hysteresis with Q was commonly observed and inclusion of hydrological variables that reflect Q history in regression models improved predictions of TN and TP concentrations. Lorenz curves describing the proportions of cumulative load versus cumulative time quantified temporal inequality in loading. In the two study streams, 50% of estimated two-year loads of TN, TP and TSS were transported in 202–207, 76–126 and 1–8 days respectively. This study quantifies how hydrological and landscape factors can interact to influence pollutant flux at the catchment scale and highlights the importance of including storm transfers in lake loading estimates.

year: 2013

title: Rehumanising housing: an ecological understanding of the landlord - tenant relationship

authors: Major, James Darren

subjects: Housing

abstract: 2021 Aotearoa New Zealand is experiencing a housing crisis that is benefitting some while hurting others. In Aotearoa New Zealand it is estimated that 50 percent of the population are living in rental homes. While the nation is experiencing house prices accelerating at levels well beyond increases in income, the segment of society that are renting are being financially left behind compared to those who own property. It is estimated that the average Aotearoa New Zealand home-owner is 14 times as wealthy as the average renter.
This research follows the values and principles of community psychology, placing housing and tenancy in an ecological model. Systems thinking is drawn on to embed tenancies in the context with which they are occurring. Taking a social justice stance while investigating the broader aspects of tenancy, aiming to illustrate why a landlord chooses this business, how political ideology and policy plays a role in that decision. Further, using systems thinking to understand how the landlords’ business and government policy play out in the lives of tenants, highlighting the inequality present in the life-worlds of tenants compared to home-owners.
This thesis uses of a range of methodological approaches that draw from social representations and phenomenological theory. A policy analysis is conducted as well as a detailed analysis of three interviews with a participant. The participant in this research is a landlord in Aotearoa New Zealand.
This research investigated the largely unexamined norms present in the tenancy relationship of the periodic inspection, the funding of the tenancy tribunal and the money held
in bond during a tenancy and finds that there are imbalances of social justice for tenants.
Among the findings it is shown that policy surrounding the tenancy arrangement is largely very old and circumstances have changed greatly, suggesting that a new Act is necessary. Ambiguity in the current Act has led to property management companies generating their own ideas about what property inspections are for. This has in turn led to a situation of intrusive surveillance of tenants. New Zealand support services for tenants were found to be under-developed and
should be increased to match the better overseas practices. At the same time it is argued that the term ‘landlord’ be professionalised and a code of conduct for that role written. These changes would likely allow for an improvement in the lifeworld and agency of tenants. Underlying all these issues it is shown that the prevailing ideology of thirty years or
more of neoliberalism in Aotearoa New Zealand has driven the policies that have led to the current situation. In relation to this element of the research process I also document my changes in thought as my own neoliberal tendencies were challenged and changed through my critical engagement with the practices of applied community psychology.

text: Rehumanising housing: an ecological understanding of the landlord - tenant relationship 2021 Aotearoa New Zealand is experiencing a housing crisis that is benefitting some while hurting others. In Aotearoa New Zealand it is estimated that 50 percent of the population are living in rental homes. While the nation is experiencing house prices accelerating at levels well beyond increases in income, the segment of society that are renting are being financially left behind compared to those who own property. It is estimated that the average Aotearoa New Zealand home-owner is 14 times as wealthy as the average renter.
This research follows the values and principles of community psychology, placing housing and tenancy in an ecological model. Systems thinking is drawn on to embed tenancies in the context with which they are occurring. Taking a social justice stance while investigating the broader aspects of tenancy, aiming to illustrate why a landlord chooses this business, how political ideology and policy plays a role in that decision. Further, using systems thinking to understand how the landlords’ business and government policy play out in the lives of tenants, highlighting the inequality present in the life-worlds of tenants compared to home-owners.
This thesis uses of a range of methodological approaches that draw from social representations and phenomenological theory. A policy analysis is conducted as well as a detailed analysis of three interviews with a participant. The participant in this research is a landlord in Aotearoa New Zealand.
This research investigated the largely unexamined norms present in the tenancy relationship of the periodic inspection, the funding of the tenancy tribunal and the money held
in bond during a tenancy and finds that there are imbalances of social justice for tenants.
Among the findings it is shown that policy surrounding the tenancy arrangement is largely very old and circumstances have changed greatly, suggesting that a new Act is necessary. Ambiguity in the current Act has led to property management companies generating their own ideas about what property inspections are for. This has in turn led to a situation of intrusive surveillance of tenants. New Zealand support services for tenants were found to be under-developed and
should be increased to match the better overseas practices. At the same time it is argued that the term ‘landlord’ be professionalised and a code of conduct for that role written. These changes would likely allow for an improvement in the lifeworld and agency of tenants. Underlying all these issues it is shown that the prevailing ideology of thirty years or
more of neoliberalism in Aotearoa New Zealand has driven the policies that have led to the current situation. In relation to this element of the research process I also document my changes in thought as my own neoliberal tendencies were challenged and changed through my critical engagement with the practices of applied community psychology.

year: 2021

title: "It's about empowering the whānau": Māori adult students succeeding at university

authors: Williams, Daphne Christina (Tina)

subjects: māori academic success

abstract: A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university.

text: "It's about empowering the whānau": Māori adult students succeeding at university A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university.

year: 2011