title: Colour as an environmental effect on interpersonal affective behaviour

authors: Peach, Richard Veale

abstract: The present study primarily concerns the relationship between coloured lighting (red and blue, with white as an achromatic control) and attraction toward another individual; an individual who may have similar or dissimilar attitudes to those of the subject. The question asked was whether the colour of a room's illumination affected interpersonal evaluation of another person whom the subject had not previously met. That is, will coloured illumination affect liking of the stranger either negatively or positively, over and above the effect that knowledge of the stranger's attitudes will have on the subject's judgement? Is attraction a function of colour of environmental illumination and attitude similarity? Questions subsidiary to the above but of basic importance to the present study are; whether mood is affected positively or negatively by coloured room environment; whether concepts are more negatively or positively evaluated under different colour conditions and whether aspects of semantic meaning are differentially affected under different lighting conditions. Finally Berry's (1961) finding of different heat perception over colour environments was retested.

text: Colour as an environmental effect on interpersonal affective behaviour The present study primarily concerns the relationship between coloured lighting (red and blue, with white as an achromatic control) and attraction toward another individual; an individual who may have similar or dissimilar attitudes to those of the subject. The question asked was whether the colour of a room's illumination affected interpersonal evaluation of another person whom the subject had not previously met. That is, will coloured illumination affect liking of the stranger either negatively or positively, over and above the effect that knowledge of the stranger's attitudes will have on the subject's judgement? Is attraction a function of colour of environmental illumination and attitude similarity? Questions subsidiary to the above but of basic importance to the present study are; whether mood is affected positively or negatively by coloured room environment; whether concepts are more negatively or positively evaluated under different colour conditions and whether aspects of semantic meaning are differentially affected under different lighting conditions. Finally Berry's (1961) finding of different heat perception over colour environments was retested.

year: 1973

title: Genetic diversity and population structure of the pot-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis in New Zealand

authors: Nickel, Jennifer Elisabeth

subjects: hippocampus abdominalis

abstract: Genetic diversity and population structure of New Zealand populations of the pot-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis were explored via three mitochondrial DNA markers (814 bp of cytochrome b, 624 bp of cytochrome oxidase 1 and 404 bp of the control region) and four microsatellite loci (Habd3, Habd6, Habd7 and Habd9). These markers revealed between 0.7–2.2% sequence divergence and 32–46 alleles with low differentiation among populations around the coastline. In total, 169 seahorses (79 females and 90 males) were sampled with 36 sequences generated for each marker and 166 genotypes attained. It is hoped that this new knowledge will aid in the development of future conservation management.

text: Genetic diversity and population structure of the pot-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis in New Zealand Genetic diversity and population structure of New Zealand populations of the pot-belly seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis were explored via three mitochondrial DNA markers (814 bp of cytochrome b, 624 bp of cytochrome oxidase 1 and 404 bp of the control region) and four microsatellite loci (Habd3, Habd6, Habd7 and Habd9). These markers revealed between 0.7–2.2% sequence divergence and 32–46 alleles with low differentiation among populations around the coastline. In total, 169 seahorses (79 females and 90 males) were sampled with 36 sequences generated for each marker and 166 genotypes attained. It is hoped that this new knowledge will aid in the development of future conservation management.

year: 2012

title: Ūropi Tauhokohoko Ka Taea: New Zealand-European Union Free Trade Agreement: An Independent Assessment of the Impacts for Mãori

authors: Mika, Jason

abstract: This report, entitled Ūropi tauhokohoko ka taea, which means ‘the enabling of trade with Europe,’ represents an independent assessment of the New Zealand-European Union free trade agreement (NZ-EU FTA) commissioned by Manatū Aorere—Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) as part of a National Interest Analysis (NIA). An NIA is an important way in which parliament can be assured that international treaties, like FTAs, that Aotearoa New Zealand intends to enter into are done so with confidence about their contents and how New Zealanders are affected. As the government’s lead agency on trade policy, Manatū Aorere prepares NIAs, but the Trade for All Advisory Board suggested the need for more independent analysis. This report was prepared by an independent advisor who is familiar with the issues, having previously conducted similar work. Concluded in June 2022, the NZ-EU FTA is expected to come into force in 2024. When this happens, 91% of tariffs are immediately eliminated, with eventual tariff savings of $100m per annum adding to the $17.5 billion in two-way trade.  The purpose of this report was to assess key outcomes of the NZ-EU FTA for Māori, with a focus on aspects of strong interest to Māori, including key sectors of the Māori economy, as well as particular interests in services and investment, geographical indications, digital trade, and the Māori trade chapter. In keeping with the independent nature of this assessment, a holistic kaupapa Māori framework was devised consisting of four dimensions—te ao Māori (Māori world view), te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi), te ōhanga (economy), and te taiao (environment)—on which to frame the assessment. The assessment involved a five-stage process of whanaungatanga (relationships), whai hua (document analysis), whai rawa (modelling), whai whakaaro (interviews), and whakamārama (discussion). The assessment relied on available documents, existing modelling, and official information.  In terms of whai hua (documents), the assessment found that benefits for Māori include tariff elimination on Māori goods, the treaty exception, a Māori trade chapter, references to mātauranga Māori, treaty partner engagement, and representation on groups formed under the NZ-EU FTA. Reviewed documents indicate, however, that reservations remain about protection of Māori treaty rights, the softening of benefits to Māori because of pre-existing vulnerabilities, and the size of Māori economic gains. Under whai rawa (economy), while the NZ-EU FTA is forecast to add $1.4 billion to Aotearoa New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually, the Māori economy’s share of this gain is unknown. By emulating existing modelling, the economic impact for Māori is estimated to range from NZ$80 million (low) to NZ$150 million (high) in real GDP accruing to the Māori economy as a result of the NZ-EU FTA, with $110 million per annum the most likely scenario. This assumes an 8% growth rate in the Māori economy. Distributional effects were not assessed. Under whai whakaaro (interviews with 26 individuals), the assessment found that three of the four treaty partners (Federation of Māori Authorities, Te Taumata, Iwi Chairs Forum) were buoyant about the prospects for Māori trade with the European Union (EU). Ngā Toki Whakarururanga in their assessment identified limitations in the level of protection of Māori treaty rights and the efficacy of the treaty exception. They also desire tiriti-based negotiation. Officials provided candid reflections on the NZ-EU FTA outcomes for Māori, which are included here. Implementation success will depend on continued treaty partner engagement, adequate resourcing of the same, Māoricentred trade facilitation, and advancing domestic policy work to protect Māori treaty rights in the NZ-EU FTA.

text: Ūropi Tauhokohoko Ka Taea: New Zealand-European Union Free Trade Agreement: An Independent Assessment of the Impacts for Mãori This report, entitled Ūropi tauhokohoko ka taea, which means ‘the enabling of trade with Europe,’ represents an independent assessment of the New Zealand-European Union free trade agreement (NZ-EU FTA) commissioned by Manatū Aorere—Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade (MFAT) as part of a National Interest Analysis (NIA). An NIA is an important way in which parliament can be assured that international treaties, like FTAs, that Aotearoa New Zealand intends to enter into are done so with confidence about their contents and how New Zealanders are affected. As the government’s lead agency on trade policy, Manatū Aorere prepares NIAs, but the Trade for All Advisory Board suggested the need for more independent analysis. This report was prepared by an independent advisor who is familiar with the issues, having previously conducted similar work. Concluded in June 2022, the NZ-EU FTA is expected to come into force in 2024. When this happens, 91% of tariffs are immediately eliminated, with eventual tariff savings of $100m per annum adding to the $17.5 billion in two-way trade.  The purpose of this report was to assess key outcomes of the NZ-EU FTA for Māori, with a focus on aspects of strong interest to Māori, including key sectors of the Māori economy, as well as particular interests in services and investment, geographical indications, digital trade, and the Māori trade chapter. In keeping with the independent nature of this assessment, a holistic kaupapa Māori framework was devised consisting of four dimensions—te ao Māori (Māori world view), te Tiriti o Waitangi (Treaty of Waitangi), te ōhanga (economy), and te taiao (environment)—on which to frame the assessment. The assessment involved a five-stage process of whanaungatanga (relationships), whai hua (document analysis), whai rawa (modelling), whai whakaaro (interviews), and whakamārama (discussion). The assessment relied on available documents, existing modelling, and official information.  In terms of whai hua (documents), the assessment found that benefits for Māori include tariff elimination on Māori goods, the treaty exception, a Māori trade chapter, references to mātauranga Māori, treaty partner engagement, and representation on groups formed under the NZ-EU FTA. Reviewed documents indicate, however, that reservations remain about protection of Māori treaty rights, the softening of benefits to Māori because of pre-existing vulnerabilities, and the size of Māori economic gains. Under whai rawa (economy), while the NZ-EU FTA is forecast to add $1.4 billion to Aotearoa New Zealand’s gross domestic product (GDP) annually, the Māori economy’s share of this gain is unknown. By emulating existing modelling, the economic impact for Māori is estimated to range from NZ$80 million (low) to NZ$150 million (high) in real GDP accruing to the Māori economy as a result of the NZ-EU FTA, with $110 million per annum the most likely scenario. This assumes an 8% growth rate in the Māori economy. Distributional effects were not assessed. Under whai whakaaro (interviews with 26 individuals), the assessment found that three of the four treaty partners (Federation of Māori Authorities, Te Taumata, Iwi Chairs Forum) were buoyant about the prospects for Māori trade with the European Union (EU). Ngā Toki Whakarururanga in their assessment identified limitations in the level of protection of Māori treaty rights and the efficacy of the treaty exception. They also desire tiriti-based negotiation. Officials provided candid reflections on the NZ-EU FTA outcomes for Māori, which are included here. Implementation success will depend on continued treaty partner engagement, adequate resourcing of the same, Māoricentred trade facilitation, and advancing domestic policy work to protect Māori treaty rights in the NZ-EU FTA.

year: 2023-05-05