title: Charity law and religion - a dinosaur in the modern world?

authors: Chevalier-Watts, Juliet

abstract: Many of the functions and principles of charity law recognised in contemporary times in jurisdictions including Australasia, the United Kingdom and Canada, are rooted in history. Records dating back to Roman times reflect complex forms of charitable activities, and Plutarch noted, in his will, that Julius Caesar left ‘the gardens beyond the river’ (Luxton 2001, 4) to the people. Pious gifts, before the Reformation, whilst they tended to honour God and the Church, also included gifts to relief distress and suffering on earth; gifts to assist the poor; and gifts to repair hospitals, bridges, roads and dykes (Jones 1969, 3-4). Therefore many of the common law and statutory provisions that exist today take ‘their meaning from the social and economic situations of the time they were decided’. (Poirier 2013, 78; Chevalier-Watts 2014, 3-4)

text: Charity law and religion - a dinosaur in the modern world? Many of the functions and principles of charity law recognised in contemporary times in jurisdictions including Australasia, the United Kingdom and Canada, are rooted in history. Records dating back to Roman times reflect complex forms of charitable activities, and Plutarch noted, in his will, that Julius Caesar left ‘the gardens beyond the river’ (Luxton 2001, 4) to the people. Pious gifts, before the Reformation, whilst they tended to honour God and the Church, also included gifts to relief distress and suffering on earth; gifts to assist the poor; and gifts to repair hospitals, bridges, roads and dykes (Jones 1969, 3-4). Therefore many of the common law and statutory provisions that exist today take ‘their meaning from the social and economic situations of the time they were decided’. (Poirier 2013, 78; Chevalier-Watts 2014, 3-4)

year: 2016

title: Structure and function of an acetyl xylan esterase (est2a) from the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus

authors: Till, Marisa

abstract: Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus is a significant component of the microbial population of the rumen of dairy cattle. It is a xylan-degrading organism whose genome encodes a large number of open reading frames annotated as fibre-degrading enzymes. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of Est2A, an acetyl xylan esterase from B. proteoclasticus, at 2.1 Å resolution, along with the structure of an inactive mutant (H351A) at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure reveals two domains - a C-terminal SGNH domain and an N-terminal jelly-roll domain typical of CE2 family structures. The structures are accompanied by experimentally determined enzymatic parameters against two model substrates, para-nitrophenyl acetate and para-nitrophenyl butyrate. The suite of fibre-degrading enzymes produced by B. proteoclasticus provides a rich source of new enzymes of potential use in industrial settings.

text: Structure and function of an acetyl xylan esterase (est2a) from the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus is a significant component of the microbial population of the rumen of dairy cattle. It is a xylan-degrading organism whose genome encodes a large number of open reading frames annotated as fibre-degrading enzymes. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of Est2A, an acetyl xylan esterase from B. proteoclasticus, at 2.1 Å resolution, along with the structure of an inactive mutant (H351A) at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure reveals two domains - a C-terminal SGNH domain and an N-terminal jelly-roll domain typical of CE2 family structures. The structures are accompanied by experimentally determined enzymatic parameters against two model substrates, para-nitrophenyl acetate and para-nitrophenyl butyrate. The suite of fibre-degrading enzymes produced by B. proteoclasticus provides a rich source of new enzymes of potential use in industrial settings.

year: 2013

title: Comment

authors: Mitchell, Linda

abstract: This issue of Early Childhood Folio has a diverse range of articles focusing on highly relevant and current pedagogical issues. Several involve case studies, where in-depth analysis enables opportunities for learning and development afforded by pedagogy and the environment to be highlighted. Some offer new methodological approaches, including the use of a “mosaic approach” to investigate “voices” of child and adult participants, kaupapa Māori methodology to illustrate culturally valid forms of assessment within contemporary Māori early childhood settings, and the use of a model of participation in home-based settings

text: Comment This issue of Early Childhood Folio has a diverse range of articles focusing on highly relevant and current pedagogical issues. Several involve case studies, where in-depth analysis enables opportunities for learning and development afforded by pedagogy and the environment to be highlighted. Some offer new methodological approaches, including the use of a “mosaic approach” to investigate “voices” of child and adult participants, kaupapa Māori methodology to illustrate culturally valid forms of assessment within contemporary Māori early childhood settings, and the use of a model of participation in home-based settings

year: 2012