title: Boat electrofishing survey of Te Weta Bay, Lake Rotoiti

authors: Hicks, Brendan J.

subjects: New Zealand

abstract: We used New Zealand’s first successful electrofishing boat to survey fish in Lake Rotoiti, North Island, New Zealand, principally in Te Weta Bay. The primary objective of the fishing was to see if undesirable fish species such as koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haemaotopterus; Zhou et al. 2003), brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus), and rudd (Scardinius erythophthalmus) have become established. Circular excavations were seen in the lake by a NIWA SCUBA diver in late 2003, and these were similar to nest excavations associated with catfish in other locations.
The native fish common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) and bullies (Gobiomorphus sp) were caught, with a few goldfish(Carassius auratus). Poor water visibility made observations difficult in some parts of the lake, especially on the southern shore and in the outer part of Te Weta Bay closest to the main lake.
Fish densities ranged from 2.3 to 11.7 fish 100 m⁻². These should be regarded as minimal densities because the electroshoked fish were counter from the boat but mostly not retrieved; also, only a single pass was conducted. 
No recognised pest fish species were caught, but we cannot exclude the possibility that pest fish might occur at sites that were not fished. No trout were caught, possible because of the high water temperature (22°C).

text: Boat electrofishing survey of Te Weta Bay, Lake Rotoiti We used New Zealand’s first successful electrofishing boat to survey fish in Lake Rotoiti, North Island, New Zealand, principally in Te Weta Bay. The primary objective of the fishing was to see if undesirable fish species such as koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haemaotopterus; Zhou et al. 2003), brown bullhead catfish (Ameiurus nebulosus), and rudd (Scardinius erythophthalmus) have become established. Circular excavations were seen in the lake by a NIWA SCUBA diver in late 2003, and these were similar to nest excavations associated with catfish in other locations.
The native fish common smelt (Retropinna retropinna) and bullies (Gobiomorphus sp) were caught, with a few goldfish(Carassius auratus). Poor water visibility made observations difficult in some parts of the lake, especially on the southern shore and in the outer part of Te Weta Bay closest to the main lake.
Fish densities ranged from 2.3 to 11.7 fish 100 m⁻². These should be regarded as minimal densities because the electroshoked fish were counter from the boat but mostly not retrieved; also, only a single pass was conducted. 
No recognised pest fish species were caught, but we cannot exclude the possibility that pest fish might occur at sites that were not fished. No trout were caught, possible because of the high water temperature (22°C).

year: 2004

title: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm

authors: Nevill-Manning, Craig G.

subjects: computer science

abstract: This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

text: Identifying hierarchical structure in sequences: a linear-time algorithm This paper describes an algorithm that infers a hierarchical structure from a sequence of discrete symbols by replacing phrases which appear more than once by a grammatical rule that generates the phrase, and continuing this process recursively. The result is a hierarchical representation of the original sequence. The algorithm works by maintaining two constraints: every diagram in the grammar must be unique, and every rule must be used more than once. It breaks new ground by operating incrementally. Moreover, its simple structure permits a proof that it operates in space and time that is linear in the size of the input. Our implementation can process 10,000 symbols/second and has been applied to an extensive range of sequences encountered in practice.

year: 1996-11

title: He Pikinga Waiora Kimi Ora lifestyle programme: Case study of a successful community-based indigenous diabetes intervention

authors: Masters-Awatere, Bridgette

subjects: adult

abstract: AIM: To co-design and implement a whānau-centred, community-based lifestyle programme (Kimi Ora) intended to ensure no worsening of HbA1c and to improve wellbeing for Māori whānau and communities with diabetes or pre-diabetes. 

METHODS: Māori healthcare providers, community members, research advisors and wider stakeholders used a co-design process underpinned by He Pikinga Waiora to collaboratively develop and implement Kimi Ora Control group comparisons and participants were recruited from Te Kōhao Health. Multi-method monitoring and collection captured individual, whānau and community data. 

RESULTS: Kimi Ora was run in two communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. In total, there were 35 participants who took part in an eight-week programme offered five times alongside a comparison group comprising 21 participants. Kimi Ora resulted in significant improvements on all biomedical measures compared to baseline, and participants had gains relative to the comparison group for variables including weight, BMI, blood pressure and waist measurement. Of particular note was the 100% retention rate and sustained community support for Kimi Ora.

CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes from Kimi Ora demonstrate this programme, which was actively tailored for and worked with Māori communities in a responsive and flexible manner, resulted in successful biomedical outcomes, high engagement and high retention.

text: He Pikinga Waiora Kimi Ora lifestyle programme: Case study of a successful community-based indigenous diabetes intervention AIM: To co-design and implement a whānau-centred, community-based lifestyle programme (Kimi Ora) intended to ensure no worsening of HbA1c and to improve wellbeing for Māori whānau and communities with diabetes or pre-diabetes. 

METHODS: Māori healthcare providers, community members, research advisors and wider stakeholders used a co-design process underpinned by He Pikinga Waiora to collaboratively develop and implement Kimi Ora Control group comparisons and participants were recruited from Te Kōhao Health. Multi-method monitoring and collection captured individual, whānau and community data. 

RESULTS: Kimi Ora was run in two communities in Aotearoa New Zealand. In total, there were 35 participants who took part in an eight-week programme offered five times alongside a comparison group comprising 21 participants. Kimi Ora resulted in significant improvements on all biomedical measures compared to baseline, and participants had gains relative to the comparison group for variables including weight, BMI, blood pressure and waist measurement. Of particular note was the 100% retention rate and sustained community support for Kimi Ora.

CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes from Kimi Ora demonstrate this programme, which was actively tailored for and worked with Māori communities in a responsive and flexible manner, resulted in successful biomedical outcomes, high engagement and high retention.

year: 2021