title: Running the race: Competition discourse and broadband growth in Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Ganesh, Shiv

subjects: broadband

abstract: The objective of this study is to understand key aspects of contemporary discourse surrounding telecommunications development in Aotearoa New Zealand after the privatization of telecommunications in the late 1980s. We identify various characteristics of discourse on competition and telecommunication and trace how competition discourse was rhetorically positioned in attempts to produce economic, political and cultural outcomes. In particular, we argue that a race metaphor underpinned discussions about competition in broadband development. The race metaphor itself was raced inasmuch as it tapped into national anxieties about Aotearoa New Zealand’s place in the ‘developed’ world in order to motivate action on broadband policy. We also found that competition discourse in relation to broadband policy exhibited inherent contradictions in promoting control, in the form of increased regulation, while simultaneously promoting freedom, in the form of ‘unbundling’. Implications for understanding broadband growth as well as competition discourse itself are discussed.

text: Running the race: Competition discourse and broadband growth in Aotearoa New Zealand The objective of this study is to understand key aspects of contemporary discourse surrounding telecommunications development in Aotearoa New Zealand after the privatization of telecommunications in the late 1980s. We identify various characteristics of discourse on competition and telecommunication and trace how competition discourse was rhetorically positioned in attempts to produce economic, political and cultural outcomes. In particular, we argue that a race metaphor underpinned discussions about competition in broadband development. The race metaphor itself was raced inasmuch as it tapped into national anxieties about Aotearoa New Zealand’s place in the ‘developed’ world in order to motivate action on broadband policy. We also found that competition discourse in relation to broadband policy exhibited inherent contradictions in promoting control, in the form of increased regulation, while simultaneously promoting freedom, in the form of ‘unbundling’. Implications for understanding broadband growth as well as competition discourse itself are discussed.

year: 2011-07

title: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-methylimidazolium bromides

authors: Althagbi, Hanan Ibrahim

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (8) and 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-4-methylimidazolium bromide (9) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both crystal structures possess C(2)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and C─Br⋯Br− halogen bonding. That of 8 also contains π–π stacking between bromotetrafluorophenyl and phenyl rings, and that of 9 also contains C(1)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions. The crystal structure of 9 is similar to that of the non-methylated salt, 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (4), with columns of alternating parallel bromotetrafluorophenyl rings and bromide.

text: The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-methylimidazolium bromides The crystal structures of 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-2-methyl-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (8) and 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzyl-4-methylimidazolium bromide (9) have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both crystal structures possess C(2)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and C─Br⋯Br− halogen bonding. That of 8 also contains π–π stacking between bromotetrafluorophenyl and phenyl rings, and that of 9 also contains C(1)─H⋯Br− hydrogen bonding and anion–π interactions. The crystal structure of 9 is similar to that of the non-methylated salt, 1-(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)-3-benzylimidazolium bromide (4), with columns of alternating parallel bromotetrafluorophenyl rings and bromide.

year: 2018

title: "It's about empowering the whānau": Māori adult students succeeding at university

authors: Williams, Daphne Christina (Tina)

subjects: māori academic success

abstract: A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university.

text: "It's about empowering the whānau": Māori adult students succeeding at university A large number of studies have demonstrated that Māori students are not performing well in education. The literature in the general area of Māori education paints a very grim picture that demonstrates a clear preoccupation with failure and underachievement. These studies often overlook the experiences of Māori adult students who return to study long after leaving school and experience considerable success. This paper focuses on the academic success of 16 indigenous students at a New Zealand university. It is based on the findings of a qualitative investigation that explored the experiences of Māori adult students who entered university with very few formal school qualifications and then went on to attain undergraduate degrees. This paper pays particular attention to the role of the whānau in facilitating Māori educational success at university.

year: 2011