title: A megafauna’s microfauna: Gastrointestinal parasites of New Zealand’s extinct moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes)

authors: Wood, Jamie R.

abstract: We perform the first multidisciplinary study of parasites from an extinct megafaunal clade using coprolites from the New Zealand moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes). Ancient DNA and microscopic analyses of 84 coprolites deposited by four moa species (South Island giant moa, Dinornis robustus; little bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis; heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus; and upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus) reveal an array of gastrointestinal parasites including coccidians (Cryptosporidium and members of the suborder Eimeriorina), nematodes (Heterakoidea, Trichostrongylidae, Trichinellidae) and a trematode (Echinostomida). Parasite eggs were most prevalent and diverse in coprolites from lowland sites, where multiple sympatric moa species occurred and host density was therefore probably higher. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports a possible vicariant Gondwanan origin for some of the moa parasites. The discovery of apparently host-specific parasite taxa suggests paleoparasitological studies of megafauna coprolites may provide useful case-studies of coextinction.

text: A megafauna’s microfauna: Gastrointestinal parasites of New Zealand’s extinct moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes) We perform the first multidisciplinary study of parasites from an extinct megafaunal clade using coprolites from the New Zealand moa (Aves: Dinornithiformes). Ancient DNA and microscopic analyses of 84 coprolites deposited by four moa species (South Island giant moa, Dinornis robustus; little bush moa, Anomalopteryx didiformis; heavy-footed moa, Pachyornis elephantopus; and upland moa, Megalapteryx didinus) reveal an array of gastrointestinal parasites including coccidians (Cryptosporidium and members of the suborder Eimeriorina), nematodes (Heterakoidea, Trichostrongylidae, Trichinellidae) and a trematode (Echinostomida). Parasite eggs were most prevalent and diverse in coprolites from lowland sites, where multiple sympatric moa species occurred and host density was therefore probably higher. Morphological and phylogenetic evidence supports a possible vicariant Gondwanan origin for some of the moa parasites. The discovery of apparently host-specific parasite taxa suggests paleoparasitological studies of megafauna coprolites may provide useful case-studies of coextinction.

year: 2013

title: Rights and property paradigms: Challenging the dominant construct hegemony

authors: Morrow, Karen

subjects: law

abstract: The interrelationship of (human) rights and property paradigms raises particularly profound questions when played out in respect of environmental claims. It is therefore no surprise that contributions to this edition invoke ontological and epistemological concerns fundamental to the unsettled interface between the mutable richness of living spatial and socio-cultural ecologies and the abrupt reductionisms so often imposed upon them by law. At the same time it speaks of the power and dominance of property paradigms that even the most critical analyses tend to seek reformulation of property’s parameters rather than its abandonment.

text: Rights and property paradigms: Challenging the dominant construct hegemony The interrelationship of (human) rights and property paradigms raises particularly profound questions when played out in respect of environmental claims. It is therefore no surprise that contributions to this edition invoke ontological and epistemological concerns fundamental to the unsettled interface between the mutable richness of living spatial and socio-cultural ecologies and the abrupt reductionisms so often imposed upon them by law. At the same time it speaks of the power and dominance of property paradigms that even the most critical analyses tend to seek reformulation of property’s parameters rather than its abandonment.

year: 2012

title: Participatory design in Māori cultural contexts

authors: Bowen, Judy

subjects: computer science

abstract: The Hakituri project aims to develop practical and ethical wearable monitoring solutions for workers in hazardous industries. We identified specific challenges pertinent to our participatory design process for this project which relate to the indigenous participants, cultural expectations and data sovereignty. As we developed the ideas for our design process, further challenges became evident. In this paper we explore the challenges that unfolded and describe how we began to mitigate them and develop ideas for similar future challenges.

text: Participatory design in Māori cultural contexts The Hakituri project aims to develop practical and ethical wearable monitoring solutions for workers in hazardous industries. We identified specific challenges pertinent to our participatory design process for this project which relate to the indigenous participants, cultural expectations and data sovereignty. As we developed the ideas for our design process, further challenges became evident. In this paper we explore the challenges that unfolded and describe how we began to mitigate them and develop ideas for similar future challenges.

year: 2020