title: Te whakatere waka hourua

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: Waka hourua

abstract: Ko te whakaaturanga i te mahi whakatere waka hourua te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga roa. 
I roto i te ruangahurutanga o ngā tau kua pahure ake nei he waka hourua kua hangaia i runga i ngā tauira tawhito. Ko ērā ētehi kaumoana ka akongia ngā mahi whakatere waka kia aratakina ai aua waka i runga anō i ngā tohutohu a te taiao anake. I pēnei ai hei whakaora mai anō ngā mātauranga Māori e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui mā runga waka hourua. 
Arā rā tētehi rerenga o te waka hourua nō Aotearoa, ko Te Aurere, i te tau 1995. I wehe te waka whakahirahira nei i Hawai'i, i te 1 o Pipiri, ā, i ū rawa atu ki Rarotonga i te 30 o Pipiri. Ko te kaituhi nei tētehi o ngā kaumoana o runga. Nō reira, he wāhanga nui i roto i te tuhinga roa nei, hei tiro i te mahi whakatere waka hourua i mahingia i taua rerenga moana a Te Aurere. 
Hei whakaatu i te mahi whakatere waka hourua ka whakawehengia kia rima ngā kaupapa nui. He whakatakoto huarahi kia tere ai te waka o te kaipānui i te mahoranui o te tuhinga roa nei.
Tuatahi. He wehe i te tauranga, he peka atu ki te whanga o ngā pukapuka. He utanga ki reira e whakamārama ana i ngā whakapae, i ngā tautohetohe, i ngā whakahē, i ngā whakaae, kua tuhia, kua tāngia ki te pukapuka, kua whakaputaina ki te ao whānui.
Tuarua. He whai i ngā tapuwae o ngā waka hourua kua whakawhiti i ngā moana nui i te ao hou nei. Kua whakarārangitia noa ngā rerenga nei, kia kite ai te kaipānui i rere mā whea ngā waka hourua, i ēnei tau ruangahuru tata nei. 
Tuatoru. Ka whakaritea te waka o te kaipānui mō te whakawhitinga nui. Ka wānangangia ētehi tikanga a te mahi whakatere waka hourua, i te ao hou nei. He ara kia māmā mai ai ngā kōrero i te wāhanga e whai mai ana.
Tuawhā. Ka rere ngātahi mai i te taha o Te Aurere, i āna whakawhitinga mai i Hawai'i tae rawa atu ai ki tōna ūnga, ki Rarotonga. He tātaritanga i taua rerenga i takahia ai i te tau 1995. Ka kitea i pēwhea te mahi whakatere waka. 
Tuarima. Ka hoki kōmuri mai ki te tōpū o ngā whakaaro, ki te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero, ki te whītiki o ngā kī, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaponotanga i puta nā te tirohanga ki te mahi whakatere waka hourua.

text: Te whakatere waka hourua Ko te whakaaturanga i te mahi whakatere waka hourua te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga roa. 
I roto i te ruangahurutanga o ngā tau kua pahure ake nei he waka hourua kua hangaia i runga i ngā tauira tawhito. Ko ērā ētehi kaumoana ka akongia ngā mahi whakatere waka kia aratakina ai aua waka i runga anō i ngā tohutohu a te taiao anake. I pēnei ai hei whakaora mai anō ngā mātauranga Māori e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui mā runga waka hourua. 
Arā rā tētehi rerenga o te waka hourua nō Aotearoa, ko Te Aurere, i te tau 1995. I wehe te waka whakahirahira nei i Hawai'i, i te 1 o Pipiri, ā, i ū rawa atu ki Rarotonga i te 30 o Pipiri. Ko te kaituhi nei tētehi o ngā kaumoana o runga. Nō reira, he wāhanga nui i roto i te tuhinga roa nei, hei tiro i te mahi whakatere waka hourua i mahingia i taua rerenga moana a Te Aurere. 
Hei whakaatu i te mahi whakatere waka hourua ka whakawehengia kia rima ngā kaupapa nui. He whakatakoto huarahi kia tere ai te waka o te kaipānui i te mahoranui o te tuhinga roa nei.
Tuatahi. He wehe i te tauranga, he peka atu ki te whanga o ngā pukapuka. He utanga ki reira e whakamārama ana i ngā whakapae, i ngā tautohetohe, i ngā whakahē, i ngā whakaae, kua tuhia, kua tāngia ki te pukapuka, kua whakaputaina ki te ao whānui.
Tuarua. He whai i ngā tapuwae o ngā waka hourua kua whakawhiti i ngā moana nui i te ao hou nei. Kua whakarārangitia noa ngā rerenga nei, kia kite ai te kaipānui i rere mā whea ngā waka hourua, i ēnei tau ruangahuru tata nei. 
Tuatoru. Ka whakaritea te waka o te kaipānui mō te whakawhitinga nui. Ka wānangangia ētehi tikanga a te mahi whakatere waka hourua, i te ao hou nei. He ara kia māmā mai ai ngā kōrero i te wāhanga e whai mai ana.
Tuawhā. Ka rere ngātahi mai i te taha o Te Aurere, i āna whakawhitinga mai i Hawai'i tae rawa atu ai ki tōna ūnga, ki Rarotonga. He tātaritanga i taua rerenga i takahia ai i te tau 1995. Ka kitea i pēwhea te mahi whakatere waka. 
Tuarima. Ka hoki kōmuri mai ki te tōpū o ngā whakaaro, ki te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero, ki te whītiki o ngā kī, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaponotanga i puta nā te tirohanga ki te mahi whakatere waka hourua.

year: 1996

title: Reduplication in Maori

authors: Keegan, Peter J.

subjects: Te reo Māori

abstract: This thesis is a study of reduplication in Māori. The aim of the thesis is to make a thorough study of both the formal and semantic properties of reduplication in Māori. This is done by reviewing the relevant literature on reduplication, and collating reduplication data. Most data are from textual sources. Some data have been provided by native-speaker informants. 
The first chapter looks at previous attempts to describe reduplication in Māori. It begins with some definitions of the term reduplication. This is followed by a review of the attempts made by previous authors to describe reduplication in Māori. Aspects of reduplication not covered by those attempts are noted.
The second chapter looks at reduplication in Māori within a Generative framework. The units of reduplication in Māori are given in prosodic terms. This is followed by an overview of Marantz (1982), and a critique of two very recent attempts to account for reduplication in Māori within Optimality Theory. Aspects of Māori reduplication that poses difficulties for Optimality Theory are noted.
The third chapter describes the semantics of reduplication in Māori. An illustration is given of some of the common meanings of reduplication attested across languages. The various meanings of reduplication in Māori are described. Also, the semantics of reduplication in Māori are compared to the semantics of reduplication in Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) languages within the framework suggested by Kiyomi (1995).
The fourth chapter comments on descriptive aspects of reduplication in Māori not covered by the previous three chapters.
The fifth chapter provides statistics on the reduplication data collated in the appendices. Reduplication data are divided according to the number of mora in the stem (or base) of origin. Statistics are given on the occurrence of various patterns of reduplication in Māori.

text: Reduplication in Maori This thesis is a study of reduplication in Māori. The aim of the thesis is to make a thorough study of both the formal and semantic properties of reduplication in Māori. This is done by reviewing the relevant literature on reduplication, and collating reduplication data. Most data are from textual sources. Some data have been provided by native-speaker informants. 
The first chapter looks at previous attempts to describe reduplication in Māori. It begins with some definitions of the term reduplication. This is followed by a review of the attempts made by previous authors to describe reduplication in Māori. Aspects of reduplication not covered by those attempts are noted.
The second chapter looks at reduplication in Māori within a Generative framework. The units of reduplication in Māori are given in prosodic terms. This is followed by an overview of Marantz (1982), and a critique of two very recent attempts to account for reduplication in Māori within Optimality Theory. Aspects of Māori reduplication that poses difficulties for Optimality Theory are noted.
The third chapter describes the semantics of reduplication in Māori. An illustration is given of some of the common meanings of reduplication attested across languages. The various meanings of reduplication in Māori are described. Also, the semantics of reduplication in Māori are compared to the semantics of reduplication in Malayo-Polynesian (Austronesian) languages within the framework suggested by Kiyomi (1995).
The fourth chapter comments on descriptive aspects of reduplication in Māori not covered by the previous three chapters.
The fifth chapter provides statistics on the reduplication data collated in the appendices. Reduplication data are divided according to the number of mora in the stem (or base) of origin. Statistics are given on the occurrence of various patterns of reduplication in Māori.

year: 1996

title: The identification of the sample dated as Wk-26796: what that tells us about Cabeço da Amoreira, Muge, Portugal

authors: Jackes, Mary

abstract: The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Portugal is complex, involving a cultural mosaic and probable overlap of the two ways of life for at least half a millennium. Much can hinge on a single radiocarbon date and the dating of specifc sites. A major question relates to Late Mesolithic sites along the Muge and Sado rivers in central Portugal, and the suggestion that both act as Mesolithic enclaves between ca. 7500 and 6900 cal BP, parallel to the earliest Neolithic sites on the Atlantic coast of Portugal. We look at the youngest dates on human remains from Cabeço da Amoreira in discussing the nature and afliation of the uppermost levels of the site, with some emphasis on one sample that has been dated but not identifed. We identify the material dated and diferentiate it from adjacent human remains, providing basic information on one of the two youngest dated human skeletal elements recovered in the Mesolithic context at Muge, making it central to any full understanding of the transition.

text: The identification of the sample dated as Wk-26796: what that tells us about Cabeço da Amoreira, Muge, Portugal The transition from the Mesolithic to the Neolithic in Portugal is complex, involving a cultural mosaic and probable overlap of the two ways of life for at least half a millennium. Much can hinge on a single radiocarbon date and the dating of specifc sites. A major question relates to Late Mesolithic sites along the Muge and Sado rivers in central Portugal, and the suggestion that both act as Mesolithic enclaves between ca. 7500 and 6900 cal BP, parallel to the earliest Neolithic sites on the Atlantic coast of Portugal. We look at the youngest dates on human remains from Cabeço da Amoreira in discussing the nature and afliation of the uppermost levels of the site, with some emphasis on one sample that has been dated but not identifed. We identify the material dated and diferentiate it from adjacent human remains, providing basic information on one of the two youngest dated human skeletal elements recovered in the Mesolithic context at Muge, making it central to any full understanding of the transition.

year: 2022-03