title: Dating of recent low sea level and Maori rock carvings Ongari Point

authors: Schofield, J.C.

subjects: carving

abstract: A sea level of at least 1.5ft below the present one, and contemporaneous rock carvings have a radiocarbon date of 180±50 years B.P.

text: Dating of recent low sea level and Maori rock carvings Ongari Point A sea level of at least 1.5ft below the present one, and contemporaneous rock carvings have a radiocarbon date of 180±50 years B.P.

year: 1968

title: Navigating the evaluation space between schools and ERO in a transformative system

authors: Adams, Tracey

abstract: This thesis aims to provide the reader with an example of the knowledge, practice and structures needed to effect change within the New Zealand education system in moving transformatively toward equity and excellence. This research is centred within the government organisation of the Education Review Office (ERO) which has recently changed its approach to evaluation in response to a review of the Tomorrows School’s education policy and education provision in New Zealand. In this study, evaluators who have participated in the Poutama Pounamu Blended Learning (PPBL) speak to their experiences of culturally responsive evaluation in partnership with school leaders. PPBL challenges participants to understand the role of culturally responsive practices in system transformation. Recent government policy and strategies aimed at promoting equity within education are linked and connected within the context of the research. This thesis provides one example of how a government organisation has enacted a power sharing and partnership approach intended to give effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The voices within the research narrate their experience of change within this government organisation and the wider education system.

text: Navigating the evaluation space between schools and ERO in a transformative system This thesis aims to provide the reader with an example of the knowledge, practice and structures needed to effect change within the New Zealand education system in moving transformatively toward equity and excellence. This research is centred within the government organisation of the Education Review Office (ERO) which has recently changed its approach to evaluation in response to a review of the Tomorrows School’s education policy and education provision in New Zealand. In this study, evaluators who have participated in the Poutama Pounamu Blended Learning (PPBL) speak to their experiences of culturally responsive evaluation in partnership with school leaders. PPBL challenges participants to understand the role of culturally responsive practices in system transformation. Recent government policy and strategies aimed at promoting equity within education are linked and connected within the context of the research. This thesis provides one example of how a government organisation has enacted a power sharing and partnership approach intended to give effect to Te Tiriti o Waitangi. The voices within the research narrate their experience of change within this government organisation and the wider education system.

year: 2023

title: Sea ice dynamics drive benthic microbial communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

authors: Currie, Ashleigh Ann

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Climate change is driving dramatic variability in sea ice dynamics, a key driver in polar marine ecosystems. Projected changes in Antarctica suggest that regional warming will force dramatic shifts in sea ice thickness and persistence, altering sea ice-associated primary production and deposition to the seafloor. To improve our understanding of the impacts of sea ice change on benthic ecosystems, we directly compared the benthic microbial communities underlying first-year sea ice (FYI) and multi-year sea ice (MYI). Using two tractable coastal habitats in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, where FYI (Cape Evans) and MYI (New Harbour) prevail, we show that the structure and composition of the benthic microbial communities reflect the legacy of sea ice dynamics. At Cape Evans, an enrichment of known heterotrophic algal polysaccharide degrading taxa (e.g., Flavobacteriaceae, unclassified Gammaproteobacteria, and Rubritaleaceae) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfocapsaceae) correlated with comparatively higher chlorophyll a (14.2±0.8μgg−1) and total organic carbon content (0.33%±0.04), reflecting increased productivity and seafloor deposition beneath FYI. Conversely, at New Harbour, an enrichment of known archaeal (e.g., Nitrosopumilaceae) and bacterial (e.g., Woeseiaceae and Nitrospiraceae) chemoautotrophs was common in sediments with considerably lower chlorophyll a (1.0±0.24μgg−1) and total organic carbon content (0.17%±0.01), reflecting restricted productivity beneath MYI. We also report evidence of a submarine discharge of sub-permafrost brine from Taylor Valley into New Harbour. By comparing our two study sites, we show that under current climate-warming scenarios, changes to sea ice productivity and seafloor deposition are likely to initiate major shifts in benthic microbial communities, with heterotrophic organic matter degradation processes becoming increasingly important. This study provides the first assessment of how legacy sea ice conditions influence benthic microbial communities in Antarctica, contributing insight into sea ice–benthic coupling and ecosystem functioning in a polar environment.

text: Sea ice dynamics drive benthic microbial communities in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica Climate change is driving dramatic variability in sea ice dynamics, a key driver in polar marine ecosystems. Projected changes in Antarctica suggest that regional warming will force dramatic shifts in sea ice thickness and persistence, altering sea ice-associated primary production and deposition to the seafloor. To improve our understanding of the impacts of sea ice change on benthic ecosystems, we directly compared the benthic microbial communities underlying first-year sea ice (FYI) and multi-year sea ice (MYI). Using two tractable coastal habitats in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, where FYI (Cape Evans) and MYI (New Harbour) prevail, we show that the structure and composition of the benthic microbial communities reflect the legacy of sea ice dynamics. At Cape Evans, an enrichment of known heterotrophic algal polysaccharide degrading taxa (e.g., Flavobacteriaceae, unclassified Gammaproteobacteria, and Rubritaleaceae) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfocapsaceae) correlated with comparatively higher chlorophyll a (14.2±0.8μgg−1) and total organic carbon content (0.33%±0.04), reflecting increased productivity and seafloor deposition beneath FYI. Conversely, at New Harbour, an enrichment of known archaeal (e.g., Nitrosopumilaceae) and bacterial (e.g., Woeseiaceae and Nitrospiraceae) chemoautotrophs was common in sediments with considerably lower chlorophyll a (1.0±0.24μgg−1) and total organic carbon content (0.17%±0.01), reflecting restricted productivity beneath MYI. We also report evidence of a submarine discharge of sub-permafrost brine from Taylor Valley into New Harbour. By comparing our two study sites, we show that under current climate-warming scenarios, changes to sea ice productivity and seafloor deposition are likely to initiate major shifts in benthic microbial communities, with heterotrophic organic matter degradation processes becoming increasingly important. This study provides the first assessment of how legacy sea ice conditions influence benthic microbial communities in Antarctica, contributing insight into sea ice–benthic coupling and ecosystem functioning in a polar environment.

year: 2021