title: Body Image and Eating Attitudes: Comparing Chinese Females with Other Females living in New Zealand

authors: Jenkins, Sherida, L.

subjects: disordered eating

abstract: Eating disorders affect individuals from most ethnic backgrounds. Research suggests that White females experience the greatest levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Studies examining Chinese females found they experienced similar levels of disordered eating but less body dissatisfaction to White females. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese and Other ethnicities in New Zealand. A sample of female university students at the University of Waikato completed questionnaires (N=116) to assess disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. In contrast to previous findings Chinese females actually exhibited more disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction attitudes than did other females living in New Zealand. Also, fear of weight gain was more likely to be exhibited by Chinese females than other females. Pressure to be thin came from similar sources for both Chinese and other female students. While, length of time living in New Zealand did not appear to alter Chinese females' levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. However in keeping with previous research, the present findings did suggest that the data from this study support the suggestion that the EAT-26 may not be an appropriate measure for Chinese females when assessing eating disorders. These findings have important implications for future research on ethnicities and eating disorders, and for clinicians working with Chinese female clients.

text: Body Image and Eating Attitudes: Comparing Chinese Females with Other Females living in New Zealand Eating disorders affect individuals from most ethnic backgrounds. Research suggests that White females experience the greatest levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. Studies examining Chinese females found they experienced similar levels of disordered eating but less body dissatisfaction to White females. This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese and Other ethnicities in New Zealand. A sample of female university students at the University of Waikato completed questionnaires (N=116) to assess disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. In contrast to previous findings Chinese females actually exhibited more disordered eating behaviours and body dissatisfaction attitudes than did other females living in New Zealand. Also, fear of weight gain was more likely to be exhibited by Chinese females than other females. Pressure to be thin came from similar sources for both Chinese and other female students. While, length of time living in New Zealand did not appear to alter Chinese females' levels of disordered eating and body dissatisfaction. However in keeping with previous research, the present findings did suggest that the data from this study support the suggestion that the EAT-26 may not be an appropriate measure for Chinese females when assessing eating disorders. These findings have important implications for future research on ethnicities and eating disorders, and for clinicians working with Chinese female clients.

year: 2007

title: Structural behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel channel lipped sections with edge-stiffened holes, un-stiffened holes, and plain webs  subjected to axial compression

authors: Sengundham Dinesh, Gagan

abstract: In recent years, stainless steel has seen increased use in construction due to its exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, especially in structural elements like channel sections, hollow pipes, and angles. Cold-formed stainless steel (CFSS) channel sections with edge-stiffened web holes have emerged as a significant development in the construction industry, with a focus on streamlining the installation of plumbing and electrical services. Previous research indicated that these edge stiffened web holes offer comparable axial capacity to plain webs in cold-formed steel (CFS) channel columns. In building industry, stiffening of the web hole is very common, which results in increase of the load carrying capacity of the stainless-steel column. However, no comprehensive study has been reported in the literature for such stainless-steel column subjected to compression. This paper investigates the axial capacity of the stainless-steel column with unstiffened and edge-stiffened web holes.
A non-linear finite element (FE) model is developed and validated against the experimental results available in the literature. An extensive parametric study is conducted based on 2016 validated FE models. EN 1.4509 (Ferritic), EN 1.4462 (Duplex) and EN 1.4301 (Austenitic) grades of stainless steel are considered for the current study. Subsequently, parametric study results are compared with guidelines available for stainless steel in the standards, namely AS/NZS 4600: 2018, ASCE: 08, AISI. Finally, a modified EWM and DSM equations are proposed for the CFSS section with edge-stiffened web holes. Finally, a reliability analysis was conducted to ensure that the proposed equation could be reliable.

text: Structural behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel channel lipped sections with edge-stiffened holes, un-stiffened holes, and plain webs  subjected to axial compression In recent years, stainless steel has seen increased use in construction due to its exceptional corrosion resistance and mechanical strength, especially in structural elements like channel sections, hollow pipes, and angles. Cold-formed stainless steel (CFSS) channel sections with edge-stiffened web holes have emerged as a significant development in the construction industry, with a focus on streamlining the installation of plumbing and electrical services. Previous research indicated that these edge stiffened web holes offer comparable axial capacity to plain webs in cold-formed steel (CFS) channel columns. In building industry, stiffening of the web hole is very common, which results in increase of the load carrying capacity of the stainless-steel column. However, no comprehensive study has been reported in the literature for such stainless-steel column subjected to compression. This paper investigates the axial capacity of the stainless-steel column with unstiffened and edge-stiffened web holes.
A non-linear finite element (FE) model is developed and validated against the experimental results available in the literature. An extensive parametric study is conducted based on 2016 validated FE models. EN 1.4509 (Ferritic), EN 1.4462 (Duplex) and EN 1.4301 (Austenitic) grades of stainless steel are considered for the current study. Subsequently, parametric study results are compared with guidelines available for stainless steel in the standards, namely AS/NZS 4600: 2018, ASCE: 08, AISI. Finally, a modified EWM and DSM equations are proposed for the CFSS section with edge-stiffened web holes. Finally, a reliability analysis was conducted to ensure that the proposed equation could be reliable.

year: 2024-05-10

title: Hangaia te mātāpuna o te mōhio: learning foundations for Māori adults

authors: May, Stephen

subjects: Māori

abstract: Hangaia te mātāpuna o te mōhio can mean to build the precious gift of knowledge or to build the well-spring of learning. It symbolises the experience of Māori adults as they re-enter education to develop their literacy, language and numeracy. 
This report summarises three research projects that explore how success for Māori adults in the learning foundations of literacy, language and numeracy can be built on the foundations of Māori culture and identity.

text: Hangaia te mātāpuna o te mōhio: learning foundations for Māori adults Hangaia te mātāpuna o te mōhio can mean to build the precious gift of knowledge or to build the well-spring of learning. It symbolises the experience of Māori adults as they re-enter education to develop their literacy, language and numeracy. 
This report summarises three research projects that explore how success for Māori adults in the learning foundations of literacy, language and numeracy can be built on the foundations of Māori culture and identity.

year: 2009-08