title: Disabling access to illegal online content by way of takedowns

authors: Tan, Rachel Sue Yin

abstract: This article discusses the European Union's approach to regulating illegal content and hate speech online. The report "Digital Services Act — deepening the internal market and clarifying responsibilities for digital services" by Sally Broughton Micova and Alexandre de Streel provides an overview of EU law in this context. The e-Commerce Directive serves as a horizontal regulation covering all platforms and types of illegal content. Vertical regulations are also applied for specific content under EU law. The EU aims to update the framework to establish clear responsibilities for digital service providers.

The e-Commerce Directive establishes limited liability for service providers concerning third-party content. This means platforms are responsible for removing flagged or notified illegal content. While methods like artificial intelligence could assist, the complexity of monitoring makes this challenging.

Regulating online hate speech is a complex issue. The author suggests a holistic approach involving society, law, platforms, and users is necessary. Legal scholar Wolfgang Schulz highlights challenges in regulating online harms and the potential erosion of civil liberties. Amendments to laws like NetzDG in Germany reflect attempts to strike a balance between regulation and protecting free speech.

text: Disabling access to illegal online content by way of takedowns This article discusses the European Union's approach to regulating illegal content and hate speech online. The report "Digital Services Act — deepening the internal market and clarifying responsibilities for digital services" by Sally Broughton Micova and Alexandre de Streel provides an overview of EU law in this context. The e-Commerce Directive serves as a horizontal regulation covering all platforms and types of illegal content. Vertical regulations are also applied for specific content under EU law. The EU aims to update the framework to establish clear responsibilities for digital service providers.

The e-Commerce Directive establishes limited liability for service providers concerning third-party content. This means platforms are responsible for removing flagged or notified illegal content. While methods like artificial intelligence could assist, the complexity of monitoring makes this challenging.

Regulating online hate speech is a complex issue. The author suggests a holistic approach involving society, law, platforms, and users is necessary. Legal scholar Wolfgang Schulz highlights challenges in regulating online harms and the potential erosion of civil liberties. Amendments to laws like NetzDG in Germany reflect attempts to strike a balance between regulation and protecting free speech.

year: 2021-11-11

title: Are geothermal streams important sites of nutrient uptake in an agricultural and urbanising landscape (Rotorua, New Zealand)?

authors: Hoellein, Timothy

subjects: ecosystem function

abstract: Increased nutrient loading and eutrophication are common problems for lakes globally (Carpenter et al., 1998; Smith & Schindler, 2009). New Zealand is no exception, where 30% of lakes >1 ha have very poor to extremely poor water quality (Van Bunnik et al., 2007). Many of the iconic lakes in the well-known, geothermally active Rotorua region of New Zealand exhibit the adverse affects of eutrophication, including harmful algal blooms, bottom water hypoxia, reduced clarity (Hamilton et al., 2010) and loss of aquatic biodiversity (Hamilton, 2004; Burns, Mcintosh & Scholes, 2009). These lakes are important to New Zealand both economically and culturally (Edgar, 2009).

text: Are geothermal streams important sites of nutrient uptake in an agricultural and urbanising landscape (Rotorua, New Zealand)? Increased nutrient loading and eutrophication are common problems for lakes globally (Carpenter et al., 1998; Smith & Schindler, 2009). New Zealand is no exception, where 30% of lakes >1 ha have very poor to extremely poor water quality (Van Bunnik et al., 2007). Many of the iconic lakes in the well-known, geothermally active Rotorua region of New Zealand exhibit the adverse affects of eutrophication, including harmful algal blooms, bottom water hypoxia, reduced clarity (Hamilton et al., 2010) and loss of aquatic biodiversity (Hamilton, 2004; Burns, Mcintosh & Scholes, 2009). These lakes are important to New Zealand both economically and culturally (Edgar, 2009).

year: 2012-01

title: Maori demography in Aotearoa New Zealand: Fifty Years on

authors: Kukutai, Tahu

abstract: Writing in the Journal of the Polynesian Society fifty years ago, budding demographer Ian Pool asked: “When is a Maori a ‘Maori’”? His assertion that cultural self-identification was the only credible way to define Māori collectively in official statistics was in stark contrast to the prevailing institutional practice of defining Māori by ‘degree of blood.’ In this article I use key insights from Ian’s paper to reflect on contemporary practices of demography, focusing specifically on the construction of Māori as a discrete population for demographic research, and the use of Māori ethnic identification as an independent variable. I conclude with some thoughts on how official statistics might be changed to better reflect the aspirations and needs of Māori in a post-settlement context.

text: Maori demography in Aotearoa New Zealand: Fifty Years on Writing in the Journal of the Polynesian Society fifty years ago, budding demographer Ian Pool asked: “When is a Maori a ‘Maori’”? His assertion that cultural self-identification was the only credible way to define Māori collectively in official statistics was in stark contrast to the prevailing institutional practice of defining Māori by ‘degree of blood.’ In this article I use key insights from Ian’s paper to reflect on contemporary practices of demography, focusing specifically on the construction of Māori as a discrete population for demographic research, and the use of Māori ethnic identification as an independent variable. I conclude with some thoughts on how official statistics might be changed to better reflect the aspirations and needs of Māori in a post-settlement context.

year: 2011