title: Laser desorption ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry of the tolyporphins, bioactive metabolites from the cyanobacterium Tolypothrix nodosa

authors: Prinsep, Michèle R.

subjects: Tolypothrix nodosa

abstract: Introduction – The tolyporphins are metabolites isolated from the cyanobacterium Tolypothrix nodosa, comprising a porphyrin-like macrocycle with C-glycoside, hydroxide or acetate substituents. Previous studies of porphyrins by MALDI/LDI-TOF MS indicate that strong radical cations and anions are usually observed in the parent spectra with little fragmentation of the macrocycle. The spectra of the tolyporphins were obtained and trends in the series utilised to partially characterise two new analogues.
Objective – To examine tolyporphins by LDI-TOF MS and utilise trends observed to partially characterise two new analogues.
Methodology – The tolyporphins were analysed by LDI-TOF MS in positive and negative ion mode and by a post source decay method (LIFT) in positive ion mode. Tolyporphin A was also analysed by MALDI-TOF MS for comparison. Results were analysed and used to obtain structural information on two new analogues.
Results and Discussion – The resulting spectra generally contained intense radical cations or anions, with little fragmentation of the macrocyclic core or the C-glycosides observed. These results are consistent with previous studies of porphyrins. Major fragment ions observed in LIFT spectra yielded key structural information. An inseparable mixture of two tolyporphins was also examined. Analysis of the LIFT spectrum of the parent ion resulted in the postulation of structures of these two new analogues.
Conclusions – Tolyporphins yield LDI-TOF mass spectra somewhat analogous to those of porphyrins; furthermore, the substituents fragment in a characteristic manner permitting partial characterisation of the new analogues tolyporphins L and M by comparison of their LDI-TOF mass spectra with those of the known analogues.

text: Laser desorption ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry of the tolyporphins, bioactive metabolites from the cyanobacterium Tolypothrix nodosa Introduction – The tolyporphins are metabolites isolated from the cyanobacterium Tolypothrix nodosa, comprising a porphyrin-like macrocycle with C-glycoside, hydroxide or acetate substituents. Previous studies of porphyrins by MALDI/LDI-TOF MS indicate that strong radical cations and anions are usually observed in the parent spectra with little fragmentation of the macrocycle. The spectra of the tolyporphins were obtained and trends in the series utilised to partially characterise two new analogues.
Objective – To examine tolyporphins by LDI-TOF MS and utilise trends observed to partially characterise two new analogues.
Methodology – The tolyporphins were analysed by LDI-TOF MS in positive and negative ion mode and by a post source decay method (LIFT) in positive ion mode. Tolyporphin A was also analysed by MALDI-TOF MS for comparison. Results were analysed and used to obtain structural information on two new analogues.
Results and Discussion – The resulting spectra generally contained intense radical cations or anions, with little fragmentation of the macrocyclic core or the C-glycosides observed. These results are consistent with previous studies of porphyrins. Major fragment ions observed in LIFT spectra yielded key structural information. An inseparable mixture of two tolyporphins was also examined. Analysis of the LIFT spectrum of the parent ion resulted in the postulation of structures of these two new analogues.
Conclusions – Tolyporphins yield LDI-TOF mass spectra somewhat analogous to those of porphyrins; furthermore, the substituents fragment in a characteristic manner permitting partial characterisation of the new analogues tolyporphins L and M by comparison of their LDI-TOF mass spectra with those of the known analogues.

year: 2011

title: The impact of a mindfulness app on postnatal distress

authors: Bear, Katie A.

subjects: Depression

abstract: Objectives: The present study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness mobile phone app on women's depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness in the postnatal period. 
Methods: The study enrolled 99 mothers of a child under 1 year old, and randomly assigned them to intervention (n = 49, mean age = 31.11, SD = 4.30, years) and control (n = 50, mean age = 31.35, SD = 5.29, years) groups. Multiple regression examined intervention effects on depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness measured post-intervention and at 4-week follow-up, controlling for the baseline and post-intervention measurement of the specific outcome, respectively. 
Results: The intervention group showed significant decreases in depression, anxiety and stress levels and an increase of mindful attention/awareness post-intervention compared to the control group, with medium to large effect sizes after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at baseline. The intervention group showed further decrease in depression and stress levels and an increase in mindful attention/awareness at 4 weeks post-intervention compared to the control group, with small to medium effect sizes, after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at post-intervention. 
Conclusions: The outcomes of the study suggest that delivery of mindfulness via smartphones could be a viable and affordable resource for reducing postnatal depression, anxiety and stress.

text: The impact of a mindfulness app on postnatal distress Objectives: The present study investigated the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness mobile phone app on women's depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness in the postnatal period. 
Methods: The study enrolled 99 mothers of a child under 1 year old, and randomly assigned them to intervention (n = 49, mean age = 31.11, SD = 4.30, years) and control (n = 50, mean age = 31.35, SD = 5.29, years) groups. Multiple regression examined intervention effects on depression, anxiety, stress and mindful attention/awareness measured post-intervention and at 4-week follow-up, controlling for the baseline and post-intervention measurement of the specific outcome, respectively. 
Results: The intervention group showed significant decreases in depression, anxiety and stress levels and an increase of mindful attention/awareness post-intervention compared to the control group, with medium to large effect sizes after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at baseline. The intervention group showed further decrease in depression and stress levels and an increase in mindful attention/awareness at 4 weeks post-intervention compared to the control group, with small to medium effect sizes, after controlling for effects of corresponding variables at post-intervention. 
Conclusions: The outcomes of the study suggest that delivery of mindfulness via smartphones could be a viable and affordable resource for reducing postnatal depression, anxiety and stress.

year: 2022

title: Te whakatere waka hourua

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

subjects: Waka hourua

abstract: Ko te whakaaturanga i te mahi whakatere waka hourua te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga roa. 
I roto i te ruangahurutanga o ngā tau kua pahure ake nei he waka hourua kua hangaia i runga i ngā tauira tawhito. Ko ērā ētehi kaumoana ka akongia ngā mahi whakatere waka kia aratakina ai aua waka i runga anō i ngā tohutohu a te taiao anake. I pēnei ai hei whakaora mai anō ngā mātauranga Māori e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui mā runga waka hourua. 
Arā rā tētehi rerenga o te waka hourua nō Aotearoa, ko Te Aurere, i te tau 1995. I wehe te waka whakahirahira nei i Hawai'i, i te 1 o Pipiri, ā, i ū rawa atu ki Rarotonga i te 30 o Pipiri. Ko te kaituhi nei tētehi o ngā kaumoana o runga. Nō reira, he wāhanga nui i roto i te tuhinga roa nei, hei tiro i te mahi whakatere waka hourua i mahingia i taua rerenga moana a Te Aurere. 
Hei whakaatu i te mahi whakatere waka hourua ka whakawehengia kia rima ngā kaupapa nui. He whakatakoto huarahi kia tere ai te waka o te kaipānui i te mahoranui o te tuhinga roa nei.
Tuatahi. He wehe i te tauranga, he peka atu ki te whanga o ngā pukapuka. He utanga ki reira e whakamārama ana i ngā whakapae, i ngā tautohetohe, i ngā whakahē, i ngā whakaae, kua tuhia, kua tāngia ki te pukapuka, kua whakaputaina ki te ao whānui.
Tuarua. He whai i ngā tapuwae o ngā waka hourua kua whakawhiti i ngā moana nui i te ao hou nei. Kua whakarārangitia noa ngā rerenga nei, kia kite ai te kaipānui i rere mā whea ngā waka hourua, i ēnei tau ruangahuru tata nei. 
Tuatoru. Ka whakaritea te waka o te kaipānui mō te whakawhitinga nui. Ka wānangangia ētehi tikanga a te mahi whakatere waka hourua, i te ao hou nei. He ara kia māmā mai ai ngā kōrero i te wāhanga e whai mai ana.
Tuawhā. Ka rere ngātahi mai i te taha o Te Aurere, i āna whakawhitinga mai i Hawai'i tae rawa atu ai ki tōna ūnga, ki Rarotonga. He tātaritanga i taua rerenga i takahia ai i te tau 1995. Ka kitea i pēwhea te mahi whakatere waka. 
Tuarima. Ka hoki kōmuri mai ki te tōpū o ngā whakaaro, ki te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero, ki te whītiki o ngā kī, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaponotanga i puta nā te tirohanga ki te mahi whakatere waka hourua.

text: Te whakatere waka hourua Ko te whakaaturanga i te mahi whakatere waka hourua te kaupapa o tēnei tuhinga roa. 
I roto i te ruangahurutanga o ngā tau kua pahure ake nei he waka hourua kua hangaia i runga i ngā tauira tawhito. Ko ērā ētehi kaumoana ka akongia ngā mahi whakatere waka kia aratakina ai aua waka i runga anō i ngā tohutohu a te taiao anake. I pēnei ai hei whakaora mai anō ngā mātauranga Māori e pā ana ki te whakawhiti moana nui mā runga waka hourua. 
Arā rā tētehi rerenga o te waka hourua nō Aotearoa, ko Te Aurere, i te tau 1995. I wehe te waka whakahirahira nei i Hawai'i, i te 1 o Pipiri, ā, i ū rawa atu ki Rarotonga i te 30 o Pipiri. Ko te kaituhi nei tētehi o ngā kaumoana o runga. Nō reira, he wāhanga nui i roto i te tuhinga roa nei, hei tiro i te mahi whakatere waka hourua i mahingia i taua rerenga moana a Te Aurere. 
Hei whakaatu i te mahi whakatere waka hourua ka whakawehengia kia rima ngā kaupapa nui. He whakatakoto huarahi kia tere ai te waka o te kaipānui i te mahoranui o te tuhinga roa nei.
Tuatahi. He wehe i te tauranga, he peka atu ki te whanga o ngā pukapuka. He utanga ki reira e whakamārama ana i ngā whakapae, i ngā tautohetohe, i ngā whakahē, i ngā whakaae, kua tuhia, kua tāngia ki te pukapuka, kua whakaputaina ki te ao whānui.
Tuarua. He whai i ngā tapuwae o ngā waka hourua kua whakawhiti i ngā moana nui i te ao hou nei. Kua whakarārangitia noa ngā rerenga nei, kia kite ai te kaipānui i rere mā whea ngā waka hourua, i ēnei tau ruangahuru tata nei. 
Tuatoru. Ka whakaritea te waka o te kaipānui mō te whakawhitinga nui. Ka wānangangia ētehi tikanga a te mahi whakatere waka hourua, i te ao hou nei. He ara kia māmā mai ai ngā kōrero i te wāhanga e whai mai ana.
Tuawhā. Ka rere ngātahi mai i te taha o Te Aurere, i āna whakawhitinga mai i Hawai'i tae rawa atu ai ki tōna ūnga, ki Rarotonga. He tātaritanga i taua rerenga i takahia ai i te tau 1995. Ka kitea i pēwhea te mahi whakatere waka. 
Tuarima. Ka hoki kōmuri mai ki te tōpū o ngā whakaaro, ki te whakarāpopototanga o ngā kōrero, ki te whītiki o ngā kī, e whakamārama ana i ngā whakaponotanga i puta nā te tirohanga ki te mahi whakatere waka hourua.

year: 1996