title: Operation Refinement and Monotonicity in the Schema Calculus

authors: Deutsch, Moshe

subjects: computer science

abstract: The schema calculus of Z provides a means for expressing structured, modular specifications. Extending this modularity to program development requires the monotonicity of these operators with respect to refinement. This paper provides a thorough mathematical analysis of monotonicity with respect to four schema operations for three notions of operation refinement. The mathematical connection between the equational schema logic and monotonicity is discussed and evaluated.

text: Operation Refinement and Monotonicity in the Schema Calculus The schema calculus of Z provides a means for expressing structured, modular specifications. Extending this modularity to program development requires the monotonicity of these operators with respect to refinement. This paper provides a thorough mathematical analysis of monotonicity with respect to four schema operations for three notions of operation refinement. The mathematical connection between the equational schema logic and monotonicity is discussed and evaluated.

year: 2003

title: An expert-driven framework for applying eDNA tools to improve biosecurity in the Antarctic

authors: Clarke, Laurence J.

abstract: Signatories to the Antarctic Treaty System’s Environmental Protocol are committed to preventing incursions of non-native species into Antarctica, but systematic surveillance is rare. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods provide new opportunities for enhancing detection of non-native species and biosecurity monitoring. To be effective for Antarctic biosecurity, eDNA tests must have appropriate sensitivity and specificity to distinguish non-native from native Antarctic species, and be fit-for-purpose. This requires knowledge of the priority risk species or taxonomic groups for which eDNA surveillance will be informative, validated eDNA assays for those species or groups, and reference DNA sequences for both target non-native and related native Antarctic species. Here, we used an expert elicitation process and decision-by-consensus approach to identify and assess priority biosecurity risks for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) in East Antarctica, including identifying high priority non-native species and their potential transport pathways. We determined that the priority targets for biosecurity monitoring were not individual species, but rather broader taxonomic groups such as mussels (Mytilus species), tunicates (Ascidiacea), springtails (Collembola), and grasses (Poaceae). These groups each include multiple species with high risks of introduction to and/or establishment in Antarctica. The most appropriate eDNA methods for the AAP must be capable of detecting a range of species within these high-risk groups (e.g., eDNA metabarcoding). We conclude that the most beneficial Antarctic eDNA biosecurity applications include surveillance of marine species in nearshore environments, terrestrial invertebrates, and biofouling species on vessels visiting Antarctica. An urgent need exists to identify suitable genetic markers for detecting priority species groups, establish baseline terrestrial and marine biodiversity for Antarctic stations, and develop eDNA sampling methods for detecting biofouling organisms.

text: An expert-driven framework for applying eDNA tools to improve biosecurity in the Antarctic Signatories to the Antarctic Treaty System’s Environmental Protocol are committed to preventing incursions of non-native species into Antarctica, but systematic surveillance is rare. Environmental DNA (eDNA) methods provide new opportunities for enhancing detection of non-native species and biosecurity monitoring. To be effective for Antarctic biosecurity, eDNA tests must have appropriate sensitivity and specificity to distinguish non-native from native Antarctic species, and be fit-for-purpose. This requires knowledge of the priority risk species or taxonomic groups for which eDNA surveillance will be informative, validated eDNA assays for those species or groups, and reference DNA sequences for both target non-native and related native Antarctic species. Here, we used an expert elicitation process and decision-by-consensus approach to identify and assess priority biosecurity risks for the Australian Antarctic Program (AAP) in East Antarctica, including identifying high priority non-native species and their potential transport pathways. We determined that the priority targets for biosecurity monitoring were not individual species, but rather broader taxonomic groups such as mussels (Mytilus species), tunicates (Ascidiacea), springtails (Collembola), and grasses (Poaceae). These groups each include multiple species with high risks of introduction to and/or establishment in Antarctica. The most appropriate eDNA methods for the AAP must be capable of detecting a range of species within these high-risk groups (e.g., eDNA metabarcoding). We conclude that the most beneficial Antarctic eDNA biosecurity applications include surveillance of marine species in nearshore environments, terrestrial invertebrates, and biofouling species on vessels visiting Antarctica. An urgent need exists to identify suitable genetic markers for detecting priority species groups, establish baseline terrestrial and marine biodiversity for Antarctic stations, and develop eDNA sampling methods for detecting biofouling organisms.

year: 2023-09-01

title: He mahi māreikura: Reflections on the digitising of the Pei Jones’ collection

authors: Whaanga, Hēmi

abstract: The astounding growth in digital content in the past decade alongside the proliferation of Mātauranga Māori being made available through this medium has transformed and affected the ways in which we participate and communicate locally, regionally, nationally and globally. These advances have expanded the possibilities for both preserving and sharing our knowledge in non-traditional formats with our people and other Indigenous peoples across the world. This paper reflects on the digital journey of the Pei Jones’ Collection from its various origins to its current physical and digital manifestation in the University of Waikato Library

text: He mahi māreikura: Reflections on the digitising of the Pei Jones’ collection The astounding growth in digital content in the past decade alongside the proliferation of Mātauranga Māori being made available through this medium has transformed and affected the ways in which we participate and communicate locally, regionally, nationally and globally. These advances have expanded the possibilities for both preserving and sharing our knowledge in non-traditional formats with our people and other Indigenous peoples across the world. This paper reflects on the digital journey of the Pei Jones’ Collection from its various origins to its current physical and digital manifestation in the University of Waikato Library

year: 2017