title: Real time NMR analyses of phenolic resin reactions

authors: Woolley, Samuel Lindsay

subjects: Phenolic

abstract: The current investigation presents the development and application of a  Rapid  NMR acquisition method, capable of identifying transient species and quantitatively monitoring their changes in real time during an in situ phenolic resin preparation. This quantification was only possible after the determination of phenolic resin relaxation times (T1) and nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE).

Rapid NMR spectra were recorded with an inter-pulse delay time of 0.6 s and broadband decoupling, which resulted in the acquisition of sequential qualitative spectra at 2.5 min intervals. The obtained qualitative spectral data were then converted into quantitative spectral data via the derived cross calibration (fc) and NOE (η) factors, resulting in quantitative reaction profiles for the phenoic resin species under investigation.

Extension of this work will allow the effects of varying synthesis parameters (i.e. temperature, pH, stoichiometry, catalyst type, etc.) on the final structure and hence on the final physical properties of the resin to be determined and inevitably leading to the development of new, more innovative and cost-effective resins.

text: Real time NMR analyses of phenolic resin reactions The current investigation presents the development and application of a  Rapid  NMR acquisition method, capable of identifying transient species and quantitatively monitoring their changes in real time during an in situ phenolic resin preparation. This quantification was only possible after the determination of phenolic resin relaxation times (T1) and nuclear Overhauser enhancements (NOE).

Rapid NMR spectra were recorded with an inter-pulse delay time of 0.6 s and broadband decoupling, which resulted in the acquisition of sequential qualitative spectra at 2.5 min intervals. The obtained qualitative spectral data were then converted into quantitative spectral data via the derived cross calibration (fc) and NOE (η) factors, resulting in quantitative reaction profiles for the phenoic resin species under investigation.

Extension of this work will allow the effects of varying synthesis parameters (i.e. temperature, pH, stoichiometry, catalyst type, etc.) on the final structure and hence on the final physical properties of the resin to be determined and inevitably leading to the development of new, more innovative and cost-effective resins.

year: 2008

title: Tauranga Harbour DELWAQ nutrient modelling to support the implementation of the National Policy Statement on Freshwater (NPS-FM)

authors: Bryan, Karin R.

abstract: A DELWAQ nutrient model coupled to a Delft3D hydrodynamic model was set up for Tauranga Harbour and surrounding shelf, and run for three months during summer and three months during winter for 5 years. Model results were summarised in 34 different regions, aligned to the BoPRC reporting of sensitive receiving environments in Tauranga Harbour. Prior to undertaking the 5-year DELWAQ modelling, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to tune key modelling parameterisations (primarily sediment denitrification). Nutrient and salinity outputs from the 5-year runs were compared against BoPRC monitoring data to assess performance. Salinity was generally over 30 ppt even in winter, except very near freshwater input zones. Flushing time varied substantially across the harbour from less than one day to 9 days.

text: Tauranga Harbour DELWAQ nutrient modelling to support the implementation of the National Policy Statement on Freshwater (NPS-FM) A DELWAQ nutrient model coupled to a Delft3D hydrodynamic model was set up for Tauranga Harbour and surrounding shelf, and run for three months during summer and three months during winter for 5 years. Model results were summarised in 34 different regions, aligned to the BoPRC reporting of sensitive receiving environments in Tauranga Harbour. Prior to undertaking the 5-year DELWAQ modelling, a sensitivity analysis was undertaken to tune key modelling parameterisations (primarily sediment denitrification). Nutrient and salinity outputs from the 5-year runs were compared against BoPRC monitoring data to assess performance. Salinity was generally over 30 ppt even in winter, except very near freshwater input zones. Flushing time varied substantially across the harbour from less than one day to 9 days.

year: 2022

title: Young people, technology and the future of te Reo Māori

authors: Keegan, Te Taka Adrian Gregory

abstract: After decades of neglect and, in some instances, suppression, te reo Māori has achieved a degree of recognition and support from the Government and people. Language strategies have been written, schooling is available in both languages, and since 1987 the language has had official status. However, despite demonstrable progress in some areas, it remains a small-minority language. Within New Zealand there are 157,000 speakers of te reo Māori, about 4.1 percent of the population (Statistics New Zealand: Te Tari Tatau, 2007), and the language is classified as 'vulnerable' by UNESCO (Mosley, 2010). The language continues to face considerable pressure from English, not just because English is a majority national language but because it is an increasingly global language, with a significant presence in culture, science, media and technology. This chapter considers the relationships between young people, technology and te reo Māori. It argues that technology is an important domain of use for te reo Māori, particularly the continued use of the language by young people.

text: Young people, technology and the future of te Reo Māori After decades of neglect and, in some instances, suppression, te reo Māori has achieved a degree of recognition and support from the Government and people. Language strategies have been written, schooling is available in both languages, and since 1987 the language has had official status. However, despite demonstrable progress in some areas, it remains a small-minority language. Within New Zealand there are 157,000 speakers of te reo Māori, about 4.1 percent of the population (Statistics New Zealand: Te Tari Tatau, 2007), and the language is classified as 'vulnerable' by UNESCO (Mosley, 2010). The language continues to face considerable pressure from English, not just because English is a majority national language but because it is an increasingly global language, with a significant presence in culture, science, media and technology. This chapter considers the relationships between young people, technology and te reo Māori. It argues that technology is an important domain of use for te reo Māori, particularly the continued use of the language by young people.

year: 2014