title: Party attitudes to the principle of preference to unionists contained in the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, 1903-4

authors: Myers, Gabrielle Frances

abstract: The object of this thesis is to analyse members' attitudes to the principle of preference contained in the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Bill (1904). In light of this object the primary problem is to explain the significance of the Preference Clause.
Part I introduces the main theme, that the significance of the Preference Clause is explained by two circumstances. The first is an explanation of how arbitration became the solution to the pattern of ind.us trial relations which developed, and the place of preference in arbitration. The second circumstance is the place of the Preference Clause in the party machinations of the period while observing that these circumstances both determine and affect members' attitudes. 
Part II (1860-1890) describes the pattern of industrial relations up to the point of the industrial crisis of the Mari time Strike. 
Part III (1891-1901) relates the crisis of the strike to the industrial and political developments in this decade. The industrial event of arbitration and the political event of the formation of Parliamentary Labour Parties form the immediate background to the crisis over preference. The description of arbitration demonstrates the rationale behind preference while the description of the Labour Party demonstrates the reason why preference should be distasteful to members when advocated by a Labour Party. 
Part IV constitutes the main body of the thesis. It describes in broad terms the form of the crisis and specifically the members' attitudes. 
Part V concludes in the form of a postscript, commenting briefly on the fortunes of the preference clause and the clause controlling political status of unions over the next decade.

text: Party attitudes to the principle of preference to unionists contained in the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Bill, 1903-4 The object of this thesis is to analyse members' attitudes to the principle of preference contained in the Commonwealth Conciliation and Arbitration Bill (1904). In light of this object the primary problem is to explain the significance of the Preference Clause.
Part I introduces the main theme, that the significance of the Preference Clause is explained by two circumstances. The first is an explanation of how arbitration became the solution to the pattern of ind.us trial relations which developed, and the place of preference in arbitration. The second circumstance is the place of the Preference Clause in the party machinations of the period while observing that these circumstances both determine and affect members' attitudes. 
Part II (1860-1890) describes the pattern of industrial relations up to the point of the industrial crisis of the Mari time Strike. 
Part III (1891-1901) relates the crisis of the strike to the industrial and political developments in this decade. The industrial event of arbitration and the political event of the formation of Parliamentary Labour Parties form the immediate background to the crisis over preference. The description of arbitration demonstrates the rationale behind preference while the description of the Labour Party demonstrates the reason why preference should be distasteful to members when advocated by a Labour Party. 
Part IV constitutes the main body of the thesis. It describes in broad terms the form of the crisis and specifically the members' attitudes. 
Part V concludes in the form of a postscript, commenting briefly on the fortunes of the preference clause and the clause controlling political status of unions over the next decade.

year: 1971

title: The Biochemistry of VapBC Toxin-Antitoxins

authors: McKenzie, Joanna Leigh

subjects: Biochemistry

abstract: The VapBC toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were first identified in 2005 and little is known about their contemporary biological function, despite the fact that VapBC TAs are the largest TA family and are widespread in bacteria and archaea (Arcus, Rainey, & Turner, 2005; Gerdes, Christensen, & Lobner-Olsen, 2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a surprisingly large repertoire of 45 VapBC TAs. In contrast Mycobacterium smegmatis, a model organism for M. tuberculosis, contains only one vapBC operon, thereby making it an ideal system to uncover the possible role(s) that VapBC proteins play in mycobacteria. This thesis describes the functional characterisation of VapC from M. smegmatis and two homologues from Pyrobaculum aerophilum, along with biophysical characterisation of the VapBC complex from M. smegmatis. The VapBC proteins from M. smegmatis form a tight complex in a 1:1 ratio and interactions between the proteins result in a tetramer of VapBC heterodimers. VapB is susceptible to proteolytic degradation when not bound to DNA thus hinting at a mechanism for VapC activation.
VapC proteins from P. aerophilum (VapCPAE2754 and VapCPAE0151) and VapC from M. smegmatis display Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺ dependent, sequence specific ribonuclease activity. VapC from M. smegmatis targets the AU rich sequences AUAU and AUAA. Whereas VapCPAE2754 and VapCPAE0151 from P. aerophilum both target GGUG and GGGG sequences. These sequences are present in over half the mRNA transcripts encoded in the P. aerophilum genome, making them potent toxins. VapC ribonuclease activity is inhibited when VapC is bound to VapB. When VapC is released from the VapBC complex it cleaves cohorts of mRNA transcripts thereby reducing protein synthesis for this cohort of genes. Microarray analysis revealed that the majority of transcripts downregulated in response to VapC expression in M. smegmatis are involved in carbon utilisation and transport (Robson, 2010). Bioinformatics shows that the target sequence is overrepresented in the downregulated transcripts. The majority of the downregulated genes are in operons, which suggests a mechanism for destabilising mRNA transcripts to regulate specific metabolic processes.

text: The Biochemistry of VapBC Toxin-Antitoxins The VapBC toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems were first identified in 2005 and little is known about their contemporary biological function, despite the fact that VapBC TAs are the largest TA family and are widespread in bacteria and archaea (Arcus, Rainey, & Turner, 2005; Gerdes, Christensen, & Lobner-Olsen, 2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a surprisingly large repertoire of 45 VapBC TAs. In contrast Mycobacterium smegmatis, a model organism for M. tuberculosis, contains only one vapBC operon, thereby making it an ideal system to uncover the possible role(s) that VapBC proteins play in mycobacteria. This thesis describes the functional characterisation of VapC from M. smegmatis and two homologues from Pyrobaculum aerophilum, along with biophysical characterisation of the VapBC complex from M. smegmatis. The VapBC proteins from M. smegmatis form a tight complex in a 1:1 ratio and interactions between the proteins result in a tetramer of VapBC heterodimers. VapB is susceptible to proteolytic degradation when not bound to DNA thus hinting at a mechanism for VapC activation.
VapC proteins from P. aerophilum (VapCPAE2754 and VapCPAE0151) and VapC from M. smegmatis display Mg²⁺/Mn²⁺ dependent, sequence specific ribonuclease activity. VapC from M. smegmatis targets the AU rich sequences AUAU and AUAA. Whereas VapCPAE2754 and VapCPAE0151 from P. aerophilum both target GGUG and GGGG sequences. These sequences are present in over half the mRNA transcripts encoded in the P. aerophilum genome, making them potent toxins. VapC ribonuclease activity is inhibited when VapC is bound to VapB. When VapC is released from the VapBC complex it cleaves cohorts of mRNA transcripts thereby reducing protein synthesis for this cohort of genes. Microarray analysis revealed that the majority of transcripts downregulated in response to VapC expression in M. smegmatis are involved in carbon utilisation and transport (Robson, 2010). Bioinformatics shows that the target sequence is overrepresented in the downregulated transcripts. The majority of the downregulated genes are in operons, which suggests a mechanism for destabilising mRNA transcripts to regulate specific metabolic processes.

year: 2011

title: He kohikohinga kōrero nō Ngāti Kuia

authors: Hawea, Celia

subjects: Ngāti Kuia

abstract: Ko te tikanga o tēnei mahi rangahau kia whakautu i te pātai e whai ake nei. He aha ngā kōrero-ā-waha, ngā kōrero i roto i ngā pukapuka hoki ka pūmau tonu i ēnei rā mō ngā uri o Ngāti Kuia mō ngā tau kei te heke mai? 

Ko tēnei he kohikohinga nō ngā kōrero o Ngāti Kuia tētahi iwi e noho ana i te Tauihu o te Waka-o-Māui. Ētahi o ngā iwi Māori he maha ngā kōrero e pā ana ki a rātou, engari ko tēnei te pukapuka tuatahi tonu ka tāia e pā ana ki a Ngāti Kuia. Ehara tēnei i te titiro hōhonu, te titiro whānui rānei i ngā kōrero engari he kohikohinga noa iho nō ngā kōrero mō Ngāti Kuia ki roto te pukapuka kotahi. Nā reira, ki te hiahia tētahi kia whāia tēnei huarahi, koinei he tīmatanga, he paku āwhina hoki mōna. 

Ka āhua toru ngā wehenga o te kōrero nei. Ka tīmata i te kupu whakataki, i muri iho ko ngā āhuatanga o te mahi, arā, i pēhea ngā kōrero i kohikohia, ā, ko te whakapapa me ngā tūhonohononga o Ngāti Kuia ki ētahi atu iwi. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te kōrero o nehe rā, arā, ko ngā kōrero mō ngā atua a Tāwhaki rāua ko Māui, he kōrero mō Kupe, he whakataukī, he kōrero hoki mō ngā taniwha o te iwi. Nā, ko te wāhanga tuatoru e pā ana ki ngā tāngata rongonui o Ngāti Kuia, arā, ko Tūtepourangi, ko Tamairangi, ko Hinepoupou, ko Waikura, ko Kehaia.

text: He kohikohinga kōrero nō Ngāti Kuia Ko te tikanga o tēnei mahi rangahau kia whakautu i te pātai e whai ake nei. He aha ngā kōrero-ā-waha, ngā kōrero i roto i ngā pukapuka hoki ka pūmau tonu i ēnei rā mō ngā uri o Ngāti Kuia mō ngā tau kei te heke mai? 

Ko tēnei he kohikohinga nō ngā kōrero o Ngāti Kuia tētahi iwi e noho ana i te Tauihu o te Waka-o-Māui. Ētahi o ngā iwi Māori he maha ngā kōrero e pā ana ki a rātou, engari ko tēnei te pukapuka tuatahi tonu ka tāia e pā ana ki a Ngāti Kuia. Ehara tēnei i te titiro hōhonu, te titiro whānui rānei i ngā kōrero engari he kohikohinga noa iho nō ngā kōrero mō Ngāti Kuia ki roto te pukapuka kotahi. Nā reira, ki te hiahia tētahi kia whāia tēnei huarahi, koinei he tīmatanga, he paku āwhina hoki mōna. 

Ka āhua toru ngā wehenga o te kōrero nei. Ka tīmata i te kupu whakataki, i muri iho ko ngā āhuatanga o te mahi, arā, i pēhea ngā kōrero i kohikohia, ā, ko te whakapapa me ngā tūhonohononga o Ngāti Kuia ki ētahi atu iwi. Ko te wāhanga tuarua, ko te kōrero o nehe rā, arā, ko ngā kōrero mō ngā atua a Tāwhaki rāua ko Māui, he kōrero mō Kupe, he whakataukī, he kōrero hoki mō ngā taniwha o te iwi. Nā, ko te wāhanga tuatoru e pā ana ki ngā tāngata rongonui o Ngāti Kuia, arā, ko Tūtepourangi, ko Tamairangi, ko Hinepoupou, ko Waikura, ko Kehaia.

year: 1995