title: A Relationships Framework for Organisational Responsiveness to Te Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi in the Work of Groups and Organisations in the Community and the Public Sector of Aotearoa New Zealand

authors: Spelman, Anthony Cyril

subjects: Organisation Development

abstract: This thesis is focussed on the development and implementation of a Relationships Framework based on Te Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi.  The Framework has been designed to enable working together between Tangata Whenua and Tangata Tiriti in the community and Public Sector in Aotearoa New Zealand.  Its development is explored and its implementation critiqued.  Within that Framework, an original organisation development tool based on a Tiriti/Treaty two-worldview approach is examined in terms of its potential to facilitate change in the operation and management of public life in Aotearoa New Zealand.
My aim is to establish an effective approach for working with worldview difference in the context of Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi relationships and their implications.  I have a belief that Tangata Whenua are currently excluded from participating in processes that govern public life due to the dominance of Tangata Tiriti worldviews.  Therefore I am committed to making a contribution to a change in this dynamic so that Tangata Whenua views are not only heard but form an integral part of how the infrastructure of our public life is developed and managed. 
The Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi Relationships Framework [The Framework] presented in the thesis is critiqued in two ways: i) through an examination of the concepts that inform it, and ii) by exploring six examples of its operation and further development in the community and public sector in Aotearoa New Zealand.  The Framework and the Tiriti/Treaty Two-worldview approach used to inform it has worked effectively in a variety of settings.  Through my research I show that organisation development of this type is complex.  It appears that there need be no fixed starting point in the development process within an organisation.  However all key elements of that process must eventually be addressed if effective relationships are to be achieved and the resulting organisational change is to be sustained.  Commitment to organisation development of this type is therefore long-term and requires a commitment to leading and supporting change in behaviour, systems and processes, and structures.

text: A Relationships Framework for Organisational Responsiveness to Te Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi in the Work of Groups and Organisations in the Community and the Public Sector of Aotearoa New Zealand This thesis is focussed on the development and implementation of a Relationships Framework based on Te Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi.  The Framework has been designed to enable working together between Tangata Whenua and Tangata Tiriti in the community and Public Sector in Aotearoa New Zealand.  Its development is explored and its implementation critiqued.  Within that Framework, an original organisation development tool based on a Tiriti/Treaty two-worldview approach is examined in terms of its potential to facilitate change in the operation and management of public life in Aotearoa New Zealand.
My aim is to establish an effective approach for working with worldview difference in the context of Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi relationships and their implications.  I have a belief that Tangata Whenua are currently excluded from participating in processes that govern public life due to the dominance of Tangata Tiriti worldviews.  Therefore I am committed to making a contribution to a change in this dynamic so that Tangata Whenua views are not only heard but form an integral part of how the infrastructure of our public life is developed and managed. 
The Tiriti/Treaty of Waitangi Relationships Framework [The Framework] presented in the thesis is critiqued in two ways: i) through an examination of the concepts that inform it, and ii) by exploring six examples of its operation and further development in the community and public sector in Aotearoa New Zealand.  The Framework and the Tiriti/Treaty Two-worldview approach used to inform it has worked effectively in a variety of settings.  Through my research I show that organisation development of this type is complex.  It appears that there need be no fixed starting point in the development process within an organisation.  However all key elements of that process must eventually be addressed if effective relationships are to be achieved and the resulting organisational change is to be sustained.  Commitment to organisation development of this type is therefore long-term and requires a commitment to leading and supporting change in behaviour, systems and processes, and structures.

year: 2013

title: Rangatahi of Ngāi Te Rangi Iwi: Cultural belonging and connectedness

authors: Benton, Chelsea

subjects: Māori

abstract: Rangatahi Māori (Māori youth) have one of the highest suicide rates in the OECD, they leave school earlier and with less qualifications, and suffer from higher rates of unemployment, hospitalisation and conduct and substance disorders and abuse than non-Māori. Sadly, many rangatahi move into adulthood only to experience poorer physical and mental health, shorter lifespans, and lower socioeconomic status compared to that of non-Māori. With these poor health outcomes for rangatahi Māori in mind this research explores the nature of Māori identities as a foundation for wellness, meaning, and flourishing. More importantly, this research takes into consideration the negative impacts of the colonisation of Māori and their cultural identity and the inter-generational effects of this long term systematic nature of disadvantage. I posit that cultural connectedness and belonging can foster healthy psychological and behavioural outcomes for rangatahi Māori. The mixed-method approach taken within this research sits within a Kaupapa Māori framework and draws upon accounts of 16 rangatahi Māori, aged between 10 and 14 years, who participated in a Ngāi Te Rangi Iwi based leadership development programme that reconnects rangatahi Māori with traditional customs and practices of their ancestors to enhance their health and wellbeing. Findings suggest that connectedness and belonging are manifest through practices such as Pēpeha, whakapapa, and Whakataukī/whakatauāki and rangatahi Māori draw on this cultural knowledge base and cultural practices to empower themselves, their whānau, hapū and Iwi. Rangatahi Māori in this sample also identified that whānau was most important in their lives followed by engagement in Māori culture. Findings highlight how Iwi organisations are stepping up to lead their people to a brighter future. For Māori, engaging with their Māoritanga and Te Ao Māori not only addresses the negative impacts of colonialism, but unlocks cultural potential, and an enhanced sense of self which serves to empower rangatahi Māori, their whānau, hapū and Iwi.

text: Rangatahi of Ngāi Te Rangi Iwi: Cultural belonging and connectedness Rangatahi Māori (Māori youth) have one of the highest suicide rates in the OECD, they leave school earlier and with less qualifications, and suffer from higher rates of unemployment, hospitalisation and conduct and substance disorders and abuse than non-Māori. Sadly, many rangatahi move into adulthood only to experience poorer physical and mental health, shorter lifespans, and lower socioeconomic status compared to that of non-Māori. With these poor health outcomes for rangatahi Māori in mind this research explores the nature of Māori identities as a foundation for wellness, meaning, and flourishing. More importantly, this research takes into consideration the negative impacts of the colonisation of Māori and their cultural identity and the inter-generational effects of this long term systematic nature of disadvantage. I posit that cultural connectedness and belonging can foster healthy psychological and behavioural outcomes for rangatahi Māori. The mixed-method approach taken within this research sits within a Kaupapa Māori framework and draws upon accounts of 16 rangatahi Māori, aged between 10 and 14 years, who participated in a Ngāi Te Rangi Iwi based leadership development programme that reconnects rangatahi Māori with traditional customs and practices of their ancestors to enhance their health and wellbeing. Findings suggest that connectedness and belonging are manifest through practices such as Pēpeha, whakapapa, and Whakataukī/whakatauāki and rangatahi Māori draw on this cultural knowledge base and cultural practices to empower themselves, their whānau, hapū and Iwi. Rangatahi Māori in this sample also identified that whānau was most important in their lives followed by engagement in Māori culture. Findings highlight how Iwi organisations are stepping up to lead their people to a brighter future. For Māori, engaging with their Māoritanga and Te Ao Māori not only addresses the negative impacts of colonialism, but unlocks cultural potential, and an enhanced sense of self which serves to empower rangatahi Māori, their whānau, hapū and Iwi.

year: 2019

title: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to pasture, titanium, and bioplastics

authors: Jull, Harrisson Balabat

abstract: Precision agriculture is a farming practice that makes production more efficient. Farmers are able to treat infield variability optimising efficiency, growth, and yield by tailoring the time, rate, and type of fertilizer that is applied. This reduces costs, waste, and environmental side effects such as runoff and leaching caused by overfertilization. Precision agriculture technology measures the nutritional status of crops to inform what, and where, nutrients are needed. The sensors need to be precise, discriminative, and work in real time to ensure that optimal windows for nutrition are not missed. These sensor systems provide aerial imaging, and crop, or soil, colour index maps.

A technology that has proven effective on some agricultural specimens is laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an optical emission technique that utilizes a high-powered pulsed laser to create a plasma on the sample surface. As the plasma cools, photons are emitted at distinct wavelengths corresponding to the elemental composition in the plasma, which should represent the sample. This thesis investigates using LIBS as a sensor for precision agriculture. Multiple chemometric methods have been used on the pasture spectra to build calibration models. There are large deviations between spectra belonging to a single sample. This is due to surface inhomogeneity, particle size, lens-to-sample distance, temperature fluctuations between plasmas, and other causes. Temperature corrections were investigated using Boltzmann plots, Saha-Boltzmann plots, and intensity ratios.

With limited success in mitigating the variations in pasture spectra, LIBS was used to investigate non-aqueous systems. The ability to selectively sinter the surface of injection moulded titanium was examined. Titanium metal injection moulding allows the creation of complex metal parts that are lightweight, biocompatible, and costs less than machining. Multiple LIBS pulses produced sintering in the ablation crater of injection moulded titanium by sufficiently heating the titanium particles so that fusion occurred. The spectra from LIBS can be used to monitor the extent to which the surface is sintered by measuring the reduction in carbon emissions. An autofocus system, based on the triangulation method, was used to minimise variations caused by lens-to-sample distance (LTSD).

With the success of sintering titanium, LIBS was used to investigate non-aqueous organic systems. Employing LIBS to discriminate bioplastics from regular plastics was explored in recycle waste streams. If bioplastics are present in the recovery process of regular plastics the resulting product contains impurities. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of incorporating bioplastics in the curbside pickup of recyclables in New Zealand. The common recyclables are plastics, glass, tin cans, and aluminium cans. The setup was designed to emulate a one-shot LIBS detection system in a recycling plant. Models were created using k nearest neighbours and soft independent modelling class analogy from the spectra. 100 % discrimination between bioplastics and regular plastics was achieved. An autofocus system, combining dual lasers, was used to overcome the occlusions produced by sample geometry.

text: Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy applied to pasture, titanium, and bioplastics Precision agriculture is a farming practice that makes production more efficient. Farmers are able to treat infield variability optimising efficiency, growth, and yield by tailoring the time, rate, and type of fertilizer that is applied. This reduces costs, waste, and environmental side effects such as runoff and leaching caused by overfertilization. Precision agriculture technology measures the nutritional status of crops to inform what, and where, nutrients are needed. The sensors need to be precise, discriminative, and work in real time to ensure that optimal windows for nutrition are not missed. These sensor systems provide aerial imaging, and crop, or soil, colour index maps.

A technology that has proven effective on some agricultural specimens is laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an optical emission technique that utilizes a high-powered pulsed laser to create a plasma on the sample surface. As the plasma cools, photons are emitted at distinct wavelengths corresponding to the elemental composition in the plasma, which should represent the sample. This thesis investigates using LIBS as a sensor for precision agriculture. Multiple chemometric methods have been used on the pasture spectra to build calibration models. There are large deviations between spectra belonging to a single sample. This is due to surface inhomogeneity, particle size, lens-to-sample distance, temperature fluctuations between plasmas, and other causes. Temperature corrections were investigated using Boltzmann plots, Saha-Boltzmann plots, and intensity ratios.

With limited success in mitigating the variations in pasture spectra, LIBS was used to investigate non-aqueous systems. The ability to selectively sinter the surface of injection moulded titanium was examined. Titanium metal injection moulding allows the creation of complex metal parts that are lightweight, biocompatible, and costs less than machining. Multiple LIBS pulses produced sintering in the ablation crater of injection moulded titanium by sufficiently heating the titanium particles so that fusion occurred. The spectra from LIBS can be used to monitor the extent to which the surface is sintered by measuring the reduction in carbon emissions. An autofocus system, based on the triangulation method, was used to minimise variations caused by lens-to-sample distance (LTSD).

With the success of sintering titanium, LIBS was used to investigate non-aqueous organic systems. Employing LIBS to discriminate bioplastics from regular plastics was explored in recycle waste streams. If bioplastics are present in the recovery process of regular plastics the resulting product contains impurities. This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of incorporating bioplastics in the curbside pickup of recyclables in New Zealand. The common recyclables are plastics, glass, tin cans, and aluminium cans. The setup was designed to emulate a one-shot LIBS detection system in a recycling plant. Models were created using k nearest neighbours and soft independent modelling class analogy from the spectra. 100 % discrimination between bioplastics and regular plastics was achieved. An autofocus system, combining dual lasers, was used to overcome the occlusions produced by sample geometry.

year: 2018