title: Foaming behavior of novatein and blends with polyethylene compatibilised by maleic anhydride

authors: Gavin, Chanelle Anne Rose

subjects: Science & Technology

abstract: Novatein® thermoplastic protein (NTP), a bloodmeal based thermoplastic, was successfully foamed without blowing agent or blending with other polymers using a BOY-35A injection moulder in free expansion mode. Previously, only soy protein has been successfully continuously foamed and zein and gluten batch foamed without blending or rheological modification. The greatest expansion ratio for NTP was 4.4 at 165°C. Blending NTP with compatibilised LLDPE and LDPE and adding blowing agent reduced expansion ratios. The foams exhibited a fibrous nature, with cell structures similar to those reported in literature for extrusion foamed thermoplastic soy protein isolate. SEM pictures suggested a possible role of either sodium sulphite, sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium sulphate as a nucleating agent as particulates were found on the cell surfaces. Triethylene glycol and urea were thought to contribute to NTP foaming, along with water present in NTP, with two or more acting as the blowing agent.

text: Foaming behavior of novatein and blends with polyethylene compatibilised by maleic anhydride Novatein® thermoplastic protein (NTP), a bloodmeal based thermoplastic, was successfully foamed without blowing agent or blending with other polymers using a BOY-35A injection moulder in free expansion mode. Previously, only soy protein has been successfully continuously foamed and zein and gluten batch foamed without blending or rheological modification. The greatest expansion ratio for NTP was 4.4 at 165°C. Blending NTP with compatibilised LLDPE and LDPE and adding blowing agent reduced expansion ratios. The foams exhibited a fibrous nature, with cell structures similar to those reported in literature for extrusion foamed thermoplastic soy protein isolate. SEM pictures suggested a possible role of either sodium sulphite, sodium dodecyl sulphate or sodium sulphate as a nucleating agent as particulates were found on the cell surfaces. Triethylene glycol and urea were thought to contribute to NTP foaming, along with water present in NTP, with two or more acting as the blowing agent.

year: 2017

title: Numerical calculation of series and shunt resistance of a photovoltaic cell using the Lambert W-function: Experimental evaluation

authors: Ghani, Faisal Abid

subjects: series resistance

abstract: The values of series and shunt resistances play an important role in the modelling behaviour of a photovoltaic cell. The authors proposed in earlier work a new method to determine these values numerically at maximum power point using the Newton-Raphson method and equations based on the Lambert W-function. Here, an experimental investigation has been carried out to further validate this method and observe its behaviour over the entire current voltage curve. Current voltage curves from a single multi-crystalline cell were obtained under outdoor testing in Hamilton, New Zealand under three levels of illumination (800, 900, and 1000 W/m(2)). In addition to the method of Ghani and Duke (2011), two other methods were also used to calculate series and shunt resistances based on the parameters extracted from the experimental data. A comparative study of each methods output current vector using a root mean square error analysis revealed that greatest accuracy was achieved with the proposed approach.

text: Numerical calculation of series and shunt resistance of a photovoltaic cell using the Lambert W-function: Experimental evaluation The values of series and shunt resistances play an important role in the modelling behaviour of a photovoltaic cell. The authors proposed in earlier work a new method to determine these values numerically at maximum power point using the Newton-Raphson method and equations based on the Lambert W-function. Here, an experimental investigation has been carried out to further validate this method and observe its behaviour over the entire current voltage curve. Current voltage curves from a single multi-crystalline cell were obtained under outdoor testing in Hamilton, New Zealand under three levels of illumination (800, 900, and 1000 W/m(2)). In addition to the method of Ghani and Duke (2011), two other methods were also used to calculate series and shunt resistances based on the parameters extracted from the experimental data. A comparative study of each methods output current vector using a root mean square error analysis revealed that greatest accuracy was achieved with the proposed approach.

year: 2013

title: Tikanga Tainui: Tikanga Whare Wananga

authors: Roa, Tom

subjects: Tainui protocols

abstract: This paper is a preliminary report on an ongoing research project begun in 1999. The project involves consultation with Waikato-Tainui, the tangata whenua of the Waikato region, about the construction of guidelines for University of Waikato staff (both Māori and non-Māori) who are involved in gatherings that call for adherence to Tainui protocols. Here, the emphasis is on guidelines for the conduct of pōwhiri (formal welcomes) on the University Marae.

text: Tikanga Tainui: Tikanga Whare Wananga This paper is a preliminary report on an ongoing research project begun in 1999. The project involves consultation with Waikato-Tainui, the tangata whenua of the Waikato region, about the construction of guidelines for University of Waikato staff (both Māori and non-Māori) who are involved in gatherings that call for adherence to Tainui protocols. Here, the emphasis is on guidelines for the conduct of pōwhiri (formal welcomes) on the University Marae.

year: 2005-09-01