title: Māori Migration: The Social Consequences

authors: Nikora, Linda Waimarie

subjects: Maori

abstract: A team led by Bernard Guerin is looking at the family and community impacts from contemporary forms of migration in a 6-year project Strangers in Town: Enhancing Family and Community in a More Diverse New Zealand Society, funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. One large part of this research looks at Māori migration, headed by Linda Waimarie Nikora.
Since the research on the 'urban drift' of the 1950s and 1960s, little has been done to research the effects of Māori migration. Our aim is to draw together the researchers and research results and to conduct our own research to fill in the gaps. We also work with others on the 6-year project who are looking at the population statistics of Māori migration, especially Trans-Tasman migrations.

text: Māori Migration: The Social Consequences A team led by Bernard Guerin is looking at the family and community impacts from contemporary forms of migration in a 6-year project Strangers in Town: Enhancing Family and Community in a More Diverse New Zealand Society, funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology. One large part of this research looks at Māori migration, headed by Linda Waimarie Nikora.
Since the research on the 'urban drift' of the 1950s and 1960s, little has been done to research the effects of Māori migration. Our aim is to draw together the researchers and research results and to conduct our own research to fill in the gaps. We also work with others on the 6-year project who are looking at the population statistics of Māori migration, especially Trans-Tasman migrations.

year: 2004-11-01

title: Ceremonious storytelling: Exploring experiences within the publicly funded health service

authors: Mellsop-Kupe, Jessie

subjects: Māori health

abstract: Background: Chronic disease is defined as a condition impacting organs or organ systems causing dysfunction or dysregulation that lasts longer than six months or remains, despite medical intervention or treatment.  Research has shown that barriers, including those of a financial, physical, institutional and patient orientated nature significantly impact on outcomes. Māori are significantly over-represented in chronic health condition statistics, particularly relating to cardiac, respiratory, renal and mental health.  Further, Māori are more likely to have a negative experience engaging with primary and secondary health services, leading to disempowerment and dis-engagement. Therefore, research which explores how quality of care for Māori can be improved is of pressing value.

Objective: This study seeks to explore the experiences of Māori and non-Māori health-care consumers and providers within the publicly funded health service of Aotearoa. 
 
Participants: Advertising across primary and secondary care settings resulted in a total of 37 responses from health care consumers (31 respondents contributing to pūrākau) and 37 responses from health professionals (27 respondents contributing to pūrākau).

Methods: This study utilised kaupapa Māori methodological approaches, frameworks and models to guide and intertwine qualitative and quantitative research methods.  Participants were able to engage with any subset of questions, defining their responses through pūrākau, which supports the development of narratives within questions that are outside the limits of other worldviews.  Māori methods such as pūrākau are flexible, enabling the development of research methods that are culturally aware and safe for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people globally

Results: Key themes found within pūrākau highlighted the importance of meaningful engagement, person focused, trauma informed care to positively impact willingness and ability to engage with primary, secondary and tertiary services.  The study reported that consumers had a strong willingness to engage with services.

Conclusion: Health is personal and impacts people in various ways.  Access to health services, while funded in Aotearoa, still create barriers for some people and perpetuates the gap between prevention and diagnosis of chronic disease.  Kaupapa Māori methods within research support Māori engagement and definition within research through historical ways of being, knowing and conducting research.  Participants of this study detailed experiences within health services, highlighting willingness and ability to engage with health services.  Prior research defined the development of the Levesque access and accessibility framework, which correlates with the findings within this study."

text: Ceremonious storytelling: Exploring experiences within the publicly funded health service Background: Chronic disease is defined as a condition impacting organs or organ systems causing dysfunction or dysregulation that lasts longer than six months or remains, despite medical intervention or treatment.  Research has shown that barriers, including those of a financial, physical, institutional and patient orientated nature significantly impact on outcomes. Māori are significantly over-represented in chronic health condition statistics, particularly relating to cardiac, respiratory, renal and mental health.  Further, Māori are more likely to have a negative experience engaging with primary and secondary health services, leading to disempowerment and dis-engagement. Therefore, research which explores how quality of care for Māori can be improved is of pressing value.

Objective: This study seeks to explore the experiences of Māori and non-Māori health-care consumers and providers within the publicly funded health service of Aotearoa. 
 
Participants: Advertising across primary and secondary care settings resulted in a total of 37 responses from health care consumers (31 respondents contributing to pūrākau) and 37 responses from health professionals (27 respondents contributing to pūrākau).

Methods: This study utilised kaupapa Māori methodological approaches, frameworks and models to guide and intertwine qualitative and quantitative research methods.  Participants were able to engage with any subset of questions, defining their responses through pūrākau, which supports the development of narratives within questions that are outside the limits of other worldviews.  Māori methods such as pūrākau are flexible, enabling the development of research methods that are culturally aware and safe for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people globally

Results: Key themes found within pūrākau highlighted the importance of meaningful engagement, person focused, trauma informed care to positively impact willingness and ability to engage with primary, secondary and tertiary services.  The study reported that consumers had a strong willingness to engage with services.

Conclusion: Health is personal and impacts people in various ways.  Access to health services, while funded in Aotearoa, still create barriers for some people and perpetuates the gap between prevention and diagnosis of chronic disease.  Kaupapa Māori methods within research support Māori engagement and definition within research through historical ways of being, knowing and conducting research.  Participants of this study detailed experiences within health services, highlighting willingness and ability to engage with health services.  Prior research defined the development of the Levesque access and accessibility framework, which correlates with the findings within this study."

year: 2024-07-27

title: Flows of water and nutrients to Lake Tarawera and connected lakes

authors: Wilson, Nicola Jane

subjects: Lake

abstract: Lake Tarawera is a large, deep lake located within the Taupō Volcanic zone, 12 km south-east of Rotorua. Seven smaller lakes within the “Greater Lake Tarawera catchment” (Lakes Ōkareka, Ōkaro, Ōkataina, Rerewhakaaitu, Rotokakahi, Rotomahana and Tikitapu) contribute flows to Lake Tarawera via groundwater and/or surface water. The quantity and quality of flows from these connected lakes is important in assessing hydrological inputs to Lake Tarawera.

Groundwater is recognised as a large component of the flow to Lake Tarawera, and previous investigations have been undertaken in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment to assess groundwater resources and groundwater quality. Despite the extensive work of past researchers, there remain substantial uncertainties on the hydrology and chemistry of groundwater fluxes to Lake Tarawera.

This research aims to improve understanding of groundwater flows in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment using a water balance approach and to assess and describe the fluxes of water and nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera and hydraulically connected lakes under different climate and land use scenarios. The stable isotopes of water, ẟ²H and ẟ¹⁸O, in groundwater and surface water have been used alongside water balances to supplement understanding of groundwater flow paths and hydraulic connections between lakes.

While previous research has focused on annual means to describe water fluxes and nutrient loads, with no expression of uncertainty, this research describes a range of annual water fluxes and nutrient loads. The ranges bracket the feasible possibilities of fluxes and loads, and account for interannual climatic variation, scientific uncertainties, and land use change, providing a means for policy makers to test outcomes of potential policy decisions.

Analysis of stable isotopes of water have been undertaken from groundwater collected from 11 locations and surface water from 26 locations. Isotopic analysis suggests that the location of lake-to-lake groundwater connections are not widespread and isolated to localised areas. Flow gains observed in the Tarawera River downstream of the Tarawera Falls are largely sourced from rainfall.

Annualised water balances and nutrient loads from 1972 to 2018 have been quantified for the Greater Tarawera Lakes and their catchments. The workflow has been automated using the R statistical computing language and a web-based tool that performs water balance calculations and nutrient load estimates has been developed using Shiny R technology. It is available for viewing at https://nickiwilson.shinyapps.io/TaraweraMsc/.

Evaporation can have a significant effect on the water fluxes and nutrient load to the lakes.  This research considers land use, land cover, and soil water stress in the calculation of evaporation and provides the most accurate evaporation estimations in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment to date. Groundwater contributes 62% of the inflows to Lake Tarawera, and 70% of this groundwater is estimated to have been recharged from outside of its local catchment. Approximately 20% of the current nutrient load to Lake Tarawera is received from the catchments of its connected upstream lakes.  Management of nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera should consider flow and nutrient loading in upstream lake catchments, and opportunities for improvement include better land management practices and the reticulation of wastewater.

text: Flows of water and nutrients to Lake Tarawera and connected lakes Lake Tarawera is a large, deep lake located within the Taupō Volcanic zone, 12 km south-east of Rotorua. Seven smaller lakes within the “Greater Lake Tarawera catchment” (Lakes Ōkareka, Ōkaro, Ōkataina, Rerewhakaaitu, Rotokakahi, Rotomahana and Tikitapu) contribute flows to Lake Tarawera via groundwater and/or surface water. The quantity and quality of flows from these connected lakes is important in assessing hydrological inputs to Lake Tarawera.

Groundwater is recognised as a large component of the flow to Lake Tarawera, and previous investigations have been undertaken in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment to assess groundwater resources and groundwater quality. Despite the extensive work of past researchers, there remain substantial uncertainties on the hydrology and chemistry of groundwater fluxes to Lake Tarawera.

This research aims to improve understanding of groundwater flows in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment using a water balance approach and to assess and describe the fluxes of water and nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera and hydraulically connected lakes under different climate and land use scenarios. The stable isotopes of water, ẟ²H and ẟ¹⁸O, in groundwater and surface water have been used alongside water balances to supplement understanding of groundwater flow paths and hydraulic connections between lakes.

While previous research has focused on annual means to describe water fluxes and nutrient loads, with no expression of uncertainty, this research describes a range of annual water fluxes and nutrient loads. The ranges bracket the feasible possibilities of fluxes and loads, and account for interannual climatic variation, scientific uncertainties, and land use change, providing a means for policy makers to test outcomes of potential policy decisions.

Analysis of stable isotopes of water have been undertaken from groundwater collected from 11 locations and surface water from 26 locations. Isotopic analysis suggests that the location of lake-to-lake groundwater connections are not widespread and isolated to localised areas. Flow gains observed in the Tarawera River downstream of the Tarawera Falls are largely sourced from rainfall.

Annualised water balances and nutrient loads from 1972 to 2018 have been quantified for the Greater Tarawera Lakes and their catchments. The workflow has been automated using the R statistical computing language and a web-based tool that performs water balance calculations and nutrient load estimates has been developed using Shiny R technology. It is available for viewing at https://nickiwilson.shinyapps.io/TaraweraMsc/.

Evaporation can have a significant effect on the water fluxes and nutrient load to the lakes.  This research considers land use, land cover, and soil water stress in the calculation of evaporation and provides the most accurate evaporation estimations in the Greater Lake Tarawera catchment to date. Groundwater contributes 62% of the inflows to Lake Tarawera, and 70% of this groundwater is estimated to have been recharged from outside of its local catchment. Approximately 20% of the current nutrient load to Lake Tarawera is received from the catchments of its connected upstream lakes.  Management of nutrient loads to Lake Tarawera should consider flow and nutrient loading in upstream lake catchments, and opportunities for improvement include better land management practices and the reticulation of wastewater.

year: 2022