title: The effects of strength asymmetry on cricket bowlers

authors: Pantawane, Abhilasha

subjects: Cricket

abstract: This research examined strength asymmetry in cricket bowlers by assessing muscle strength across four key muscle groups: shoulder positions (SHLD-I, SHLD-Y, SHLD-T), gluteals (GLUT), obliques (OBLIQUE), and calves (CALF). Using isometric testing on a sample of bowlers (n = 9), significant strength differences were found in the shoulder muscles SHLD-I and SHLD-T, favoring the dominant limb, while SHLD-Y showed moderate but non-significant asymmetry. In contrast, gluteal and oblique muscles exhibited minimal and statistically insignificant asymmetries, indicating more balanced development. The calves showed a small but notable dominance-related difference. These findings highlight that upper-limb strength asymmetries, particularly in the shoulders, are more pronounced due to the unilateral demands of bowling, whereas lower-limb and core muscles may benefit from more symmetrical loading. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted strength training to correct muscular imbalances, enhance performance, and reduce injury risk, and calls for further research into the long-term impacts of strength asymmetry on athletic performance and durability.

text: The effects of strength asymmetry on cricket bowlers This research examined strength asymmetry in cricket bowlers by assessing muscle strength across four key muscle groups: shoulder positions (SHLD-I, SHLD-Y, SHLD-T), gluteals (GLUT), obliques (OBLIQUE), and calves (CALF). Using isometric testing on a sample of bowlers (n = 9), significant strength differences were found in the shoulder muscles SHLD-I and SHLD-T, favoring the dominant limb, while SHLD-Y showed moderate but non-significant asymmetry. In contrast, gluteal and oblique muscles exhibited minimal and statistically insignificant asymmetries, indicating more balanced development. The calves showed a small but notable dominance-related difference. These findings highlight that upper-limb strength asymmetries, particularly in the shoulders, are more pronounced due to the unilateral demands of bowling, whereas lower-limb and core muscles may benefit from more symmetrical loading. The study emphasizes the importance of targeted strength training to correct muscular imbalances, enhance performance, and reduce injury risk, and calls for further research into the long-term impacts of strength asymmetry on athletic performance and durability.

year: 2025-04-24

title: Cross-institutional peer observation by online tutors: Sharing practice "outside the family'

authors: Walker, Richard

subjects: Social Sciences

abstract: Whilst increasingly widespread, teaching online can be a solo endeavour. In this paper, we consider how peer exchange between online tutors from different institutions may offer a solution to this professional isolation. We report on a cross-institutional peer observation and mentoring programme between the Universities of York (UK) and Waikato (New Zealand), designed to support tutors’ personal development through online peer exchange. Our findings reveal that tutors’ use of synchronous conferencing tools was influential in shaping the relationship between participants on the programme. Exposure to diversity served to challenge institutional pedagogical norms. We review the engagement strategies and emergent learning outcomes for participants, and discuss the necessary conditions of openness and commitment for effective peer exchange between online tutors from different cultural and institutional contexts.

text: Cross-institutional peer observation by online tutors: Sharing practice "outside the family' Whilst increasingly widespread, teaching online can be a solo endeavour. In this paper, we consider how peer exchange between online tutors from different institutions may offer a solution to this professional isolation. We report on a cross-institutional peer observation and mentoring programme between the Universities of York (UK) and Waikato (New Zealand), designed to support tutors’ personal development through online peer exchange. Our findings reveal that tutors’ use of synchronous conferencing tools was influential in shaping the relationship between participants on the programme. Exposure to diversity served to challenge institutional pedagogical norms. We review the engagement strategies and emergent learning outcomes for participants, and discuss the necessary conditions of openness and commitment for effective peer exchange between online tutors from different cultural and institutional contexts.

year: 2018

title: Physical and chemical attributes affecting survival and collection of freshwater mahinga kai species

authors: Collier, Kevin J.

abstract: Mahinga kai is one of a number of significant Māori values identified within the National Objectives Framework (NOF) for freshwater management. The Ngā Tohu o Te Taiao (NToTT) project aimed to develop knowledge, tools and processes for setting freshwater limits for mahinga kai within the NOF. Māori have raised issues and concerns about mahinga kai species due to: (i) declines in abundance, size and quality; and (ii) potential contamination from anthropogenic activities. This review provides information about the contaminants and environmental stressors likely to be affecting some important freshwater mahinga kai, with a focus on tuna (eel), īnanga (whitebait), kākahi (freshwater mussel), kōura (freshwater crayfish) and wātakirihi (watercress). In this report, we provide guidance on how to relate existing guidelines and regulations to freshwater invertebrate and fish species traditionally used for food gathering. The guidance covered includes: (i) the ANZECC (2000) water quality guidelines for physical and chemical attributes of aquatic life, which are in the process of being updated; (ii) selected international water quality guidelines (e.g., USEPA, Environment Canada, OECD) which can be used to support and supplement ANZECC water quality guidelines; (iii) human health information for collection and consumption of aquatic foods; and (iv) the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FM) and the NOF (which is also under further development). It is envisaged this report will support discussion on food abundance and safety of mahinga kai, and promote steps to ensure appropriate standards are set for clean waterways and customary resources under the NPS-FM and ANZECC (2000). We highlight the complexity of issues affecting abundance and suitability of five commonly-used mahinga kai species: tuna, īnanga, kōura, kākahi and wātakirihi. Information from this report should also be of use in future freshwater habitat and species restoration projects, especially where mahinga kai species are at risk and the goal is to maintain or enhance customary resource use, and species state and condition.

text: Physical and chemical attributes affecting survival and collection of freshwater mahinga kai species Mahinga kai is one of a number of significant Māori values identified within the National Objectives Framework (NOF) for freshwater management. The Ngā Tohu o Te Taiao (NToTT) project aimed to develop knowledge, tools and processes for setting freshwater limits for mahinga kai within the NOF. Māori have raised issues and concerns about mahinga kai species due to: (i) declines in abundance, size and quality; and (ii) potential contamination from anthropogenic activities. This review provides information about the contaminants and environmental stressors likely to be affecting some important freshwater mahinga kai, with a focus on tuna (eel), īnanga (whitebait), kākahi (freshwater mussel), kōura (freshwater crayfish) and wātakirihi (watercress). In this report, we provide guidance on how to relate existing guidelines and regulations to freshwater invertebrate and fish species traditionally used for food gathering. The guidance covered includes: (i) the ANZECC (2000) water quality guidelines for physical and chemical attributes of aquatic life, which are in the process of being updated; (ii) selected international water quality guidelines (e.g., USEPA, Environment Canada, OECD) which can be used to support and supplement ANZECC water quality guidelines; (iii) human health information for collection and consumption of aquatic foods; and (iv) the National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management (NPS-FM) and the NOF (which is also under further development). It is envisaged this report will support discussion on food abundance and safety of mahinga kai, and promote steps to ensure appropriate standards are set for clean waterways and customary resources under the NPS-FM and ANZECC (2000). We highlight the complexity of issues affecting abundance and suitability of five commonly-used mahinga kai species: tuna, īnanga, kōura, kākahi and wātakirihi. Information from this report should also be of use in future freshwater habitat and species restoration projects, especially where mahinga kai species are at risk and the goal is to maintain or enhance customary resource use, and species state and condition.

year: 2017