title: Electrospray ionisation - a simple prelude to the understanding of other mass spectrometry techniques

authors: Henderson, William

subjects: mass spectrometry

abstract: Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique used in the characterisation of a wide range of chemical and biochemical substances. The technique is extensively used in research, across a wide range of disciplines. One of the main strengths of mass spectrometry is that miniscule amounts of sample are typically needed, in the order of micrograms or less. While the study of spectroscopic techniques has been a part of qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate Diploma for some time, ¹ a new Achievement Standard on Spectroscopy has been introduced relatively recently into the New Zealand Chemistry Curriculum, which includes the technique of electron ionisation (El) mass spectrometry.² This article aims to provide, for those perhaps encountering mass spectrometry for the very first time, a short discussion on electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry as an alternative introduction to this important analytical technique.

text: Electrospray ionisation - a simple prelude to the understanding of other mass spectrometry techniques Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful analytical technique used in the characterisation of a wide range of chemical and biochemical substances. The technique is extensively used in research, across a wide range of disciplines. One of the main strengths of mass spectrometry is that miniscule amounts of sample are typically needed, in the order of micrograms or less. While the study of spectroscopic techniques has been a part of qualifications such as the International Baccalaureate Diploma for some time, ¹ a new Achievement Standard on Spectroscopy has been introduced relatively recently into the New Zealand Chemistry Curriculum, which includes the technique of electron ionisation (El) mass spectrometry.² This article aims to provide, for those perhaps encountering mass spectrometry for the very first time, a short discussion on electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry as an alternative introduction to this important analytical technique.

year: 2015-07

title: Development Impacts of Seasonal and Temporary Migration: A Review of Evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia

authors: Gibson, John

subjects: circular migration

abstract: Seasonal and temporary migration programs are widely used around the world, yet there is scant evidence as to their development impacts. Absent such evidence, it is difficult to evaluate whether the proliferation of temporary worker programs in recent years is a useful development. This article reviews studies that attempt to measure impacts of seasonal and temporary migration with a particular focus on evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

text: Development Impacts of Seasonal and Temporary Migration: A Review of Evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia Seasonal and temporary migration programs are widely used around the world, yet there is scant evidence as to their development impacts. Absent such evidence, it is difficult to evaluate whether the proliferation of temporary worker programs in recent years is a useful development. This article reviews studies that attempt to measure impacts of seasonal and temporary migration with a particular focus on evidence from the Pacific and Southeast Asia.

year: 2013

title: Maori and Pakeha at Te Aroha: the context: 1: Pakeha perceptions of Maori

authors: Hart, Philip

abstract: Interaction between Maori and Pakeha was unavoidable in the nineteenth century. Although Maori were commonly considered to be superior to other uncivilized races, in general the stereotyping of Maori was more negative than positive, for it was assumed that they needed to be raised to the level of Pakeha. Maori were seen as being capable of high achievements, but only if they abandoned their feckless and lazy ways along with their customs and superstitions; instead, they should adopt the best of Western civilization rather than the worst, as was believed to be all too common. Being somewhat child-like, they needing Pakeha guidance to attain their potential. An underlying fear remained that they were potentially dangerous, with their old savage ways lurking under the veneer of adopting European clothes and some European customs. 
Sometimes they were viewed as having too much influence on government policy, partly through the legacy of the Treaty of Waitangi and partly through the machinations of Pakeha Maori. Increasingly, as the often-admired ‘old time’ rangatira, died, the newer generation of lower class Maori were patronized or mocked for their poor English and assumed stupidity. Yet always there were some Pakeha who had good relations with Maori, meaning that intermarriage was neither unusual nor (openly at least) condemned.

text: Maori and Pakeha at Te Aroha: the context: 1: Pakeha perceptions of Maori Interaction between Maori and Pakeha was unavoidable in the nineteenth century. Although Maori were commonly considered to be superior to other uncivilized races, in general the stereotyping of Maori was more negative than positive, for it was assumed that they needed to be raised to the level of Pakeha. Maori were seen as being capable of high achievements, but only if they abandoned their feckless and lazy ways along with their customs and superstitions; instead, they should adopt the best of Western civilization rather than the worst, as was believed to be all too common. Being somewhat child-like, they needing Pakeha guidance to attain their potential. An underlying fear remained that they were potentially dangerous, with their old savage ways lurking under the veneer of adopting European clothes and some European customs. 
Sometimes they were viewed as having too much influence on government policy, partly through the legacy of the Treaty of Waitangi and partly through the machinations of Pakeha Maori. Increasingly, as the often-admired ‘old time’ rangatira, died, the newer generation of lower class Maori were patronized or mocked for their poor English and assumed stupidity. Yet always there were some Pakeha who had good relations with Maori, meaning that intermarriage was neither unusual nor (openly at least) condemned.

year: 2016