title: Some aspects of labour market flows in New Zealand 1986-2001

authors: Silverstone, Brian

subjects: gross labour market flows

abstract: It is now commonplace to study labour market dynamics using flows data from labour force panel surveys. The analysis of labour market flows to and from the states of employment, unemployment and non-participation has received most attention. This paper considers some New Zealand aspects of these flows with particular reference to concepts, descriptive features, the behavioural responses implied by the Markov approach to modelling labour market transitions, a brief literature review and some preliminary econometric results on the trend and cyclical features of New Zealand's gross flows.

text: Some aspects of labour market flows in New Zealand 1986-2001 It is now commonplace to study labour market dynamics using flows data from labour force panel surveys. The analysis of labour market flows to and from the states of employment, unemployment and non-participation has received most attention. This paper considers some New Zealand aspects of these flows with particular reference to concepts, descriptive features, the behavioural responses implied by the Markov approach to modelling labour market transitions, a brief literature review and some preliminary econometric results on the trend and cyclical features of New Zealand's gross flows.

year: 2001-11

title: Design and development of the trauma informed care beliefs scale-brief

authors: Beehag, Nathan

abstract: Background: Trauma informed care (TIC) practices have been developed to diminish the range of negative consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences (e.g., unemployment, welfare, incarceration, and medical and psychiatric treatment). They have been demonstrated to benefit young people, their carers, and child welfare staff. However, a gap that has been identified in this area is the absence of psychometrically sound TIC instruments, which has hindered the TIC literature in terms of transitioning to a more methodologically robust and data driven research area. Objective: The current study aimed to develop a psychometrically sound instrument (i.e., the TIC Belief Scale) that could assess the TIC beliefs of child welfare carers who reside with youth. Methods: Initially, 143 items were developed based on widely used TIC models. After a review by an expert panel of 10 experienced trauma practitioners, 85 items were retained and administered to a sample of 469 child welfare carers. The psychometric properties of the scale were investigated using Item Response theory (Rasch analyses). Results: Following analyses, a final scale of 13 items was accepted. The scale had good internal reliability (PSI = 0.77), showed evidence of unidimensionality, and there was no evidence of differential performance across sub-groups. Conclusions: The application of the Rasch model in this study provides support for the TIC Belief Scale as a psychometrically sound scale for measuring child welfare carers’ beliefs about TIC practices. An algorithm proposed here for converting ordinal to interval scoring increases the precision in understanding carers’ less favourable TIC beliefs.

text: Design and development of the trauma informed care beliefs scale-brief Background: Trauma informed care (TIC) practices have been developed to diminish the range of negative consequences associated with adverse childhood experiences (e.g., unemployment, welfare, incarceration, and medical and psychiatric treatment). They have been demonstrated to benefit young people, their carers, and child welfare staff. However, a gap that has been identified in this area is the absence of psychometrically sound TIC instruments, which has hindered the TIC literature in terms of transitioning to a more methodologically robust and data driven research area. Objective: The current study aimed to develop a psychometrically sound instrument (i.e., the TIC Belief Scale) that could assess the TIC beliefs of child welfare carers who reside with youth. Methods: Initially, 143 items were developed based on widely used TIC models. After a review by an expert panel of 10 experienced trauma practitioners, 85 items were retained and administered to a sample of 469 child welfare carers. The psychometric properties of the scale were investigated using Item Response theory (Rasch analyses). Results: Following analyses, a final scale of 13 items was accepted. The scale had good internal reliability (PSI = 0.77), showed evidence of unidimensionality, and there was no evidence of differential performance across sub-groups. Conclusions: The application of the Rasch model in this study provides support for the TIC Belief Scale as a psychometrically sound scale for measuring child welfare carers’ beliefs about TIC practices. An algorithm proposed here for converting ordinal to interval scoring increases the precision in understanding carers’ less favourable TIC beliefs.

year: 2023-10-01

title: Hei oranga mo ngā wāhine hapū (o Hauraki) i roto i te whare ora

authors: Palmer, Stephanie

subjects: Psychological wellbeing

abstract: This thesis had four-main objectives. In the first instance, it aimed to improve understanding of psychosocial variables which may mediate the quality of Māori childbirth experience, namely: social support, coping strategies, cognitive appraisal, ethnic identity and psychological wellbeing. Secondly, it aimed to examine the relationship between these variables and the quality of childbirth experience. Thirdly, this thesis aimed to develop and pilot-test an instrument for the measurement of waiora among Māori. And fourthly, this thesis aimed to test whether waiora was a predictor of participants' childbirth experience. 
Thirty-one self-identified Māori women took part in the research. All participants gave birth at Thames Hospital in Hauraki during 1994. Attention is drawn to various ethical and methodological issues which have importance in the development of kaupapa Māori and Māori centred health research paradigms, such as, the role of koha, the validity of kanohi-ki-te-kanohi recruitment strategies and the need for collaborative decision-making processes. 
Prenatal waiora, ethnic identity, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and social support predicted both quantitative and qualitative indicators of perinatal outcome. Obstetric technology was a very strong predictor of maternal postpartum perceptions and feelings of satisfaction or wellbeing. A preliminary model of the relationship between prenatal and perinatal predictors of Māori childbirth experience is presented. 
This research identifies the need to develop knowledge on psychosocial mediators of Māori childbirth experience. It is likely, however, that the quality of Māori childbirth experience will benefit from strategies which foster feelings of waiora and ethnic identity. The likelihood of a relationship between waiora and te ao Māori childbirth resources may hold particular interest for Māori. A range of strategies to improve the reliability and validity of Hōmai te Waiora ki Ahau as a tool for the measurement of waiora have been identified. As an outcome measure, this tool may have value in a range of contexts.

text: Hei oranga mo ngā wāhine hapū (o Hauraki) i roto i te whare ora This thesis had four-main objectives. In the first instance, it aimed to improve understanding of psychosocial variables which may mediate the quality of Māori childbirth experience, namely: social support, coping strategies, cognitive appraisal, ethnic identity and psychological wellbeing. Secondly, it aimed to examine the relationship between these variables and the quality of childbirth experience. Thirdly, this thesis aimed to develop and pilot-test an instrument for the measurement of waiora among Māori. And fourthly, this thesis aimed to test whether waiora was a predictor of participants' childbirth experience. 
Thirty-one self-identified Māori women took part in the research. All participants gave birth at Thames Hospital in Hauraki during 1994. Attention is drawn to various ethical and methodological issues which have importance in the development of kaupapa Māori and Māori centred health research paradigms, such as, the role of koha, the validity of kanohi-ki-te-kanohi recruitment strategies and the need for collaborative decision-making processes. 
Prenatal waiora, ethnic identity, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies and social support predicted both quantitative and qualitative indicators of perinatal outcome. Obstetric technology was a very strong predictor of maternal postpartum perceptions and feelings of satisfaction or wellbeing. A preliminary model of the relationship between prenatal and perinatal predictors of Māori childbirth experience is presented. 
This research identifies the need to develop knowledge on psychosocial mediators of Māori childbirth experience. It is likely, however, that the quality of Māori childbirth experience will benefit from strategies which foster feelings of waiora and ethnic identity. The likelihood of a relationship between waiora and te ao Māori childbirth resources may hold particular interest for Māori. A range of strategies to improve the reliability and validity of Hōmai te Waiora ki Ahau as a tool for the measurement of waiora have been identified. As an outcome measure, this tool may have value in a range of contexts.

year: 2002