title: COP26 local panel: Finance and economics

authors: Oxley, Les

abstract: Local experts discuss some of the key themes from COP26. This panel covers Climate Finance, Responsible Business Conduct and Transformational Economics.

text: COP26 local panel: Finance and economics Local experts discuss some of the key themes from COP26. This panel covers Climate Finance, Responsible Business Conduct and Transformational Economics.

year: 2021-11-04

title: Use of recycled pulped chromated copper arsenate-treated wood fibre in polymer composites

authors: Peerbooms, Wouter

subjects: wood fibres

abstract: The goal of this study was to investigate if it is possible to recycle chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood for use in wood polymer composites. This was done by soda pulping wood chips of CCA-treated lumber in a laboratory-scale digester. Composites of 10–30 weight percentage of filler in polypropylene were produced with and without the addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent. These composites were produced using extrusion compounding and injection moulding. The mechanical properties were determined using tensile testing; the properties examined in this study are the ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break. The effect of the CCA-treated filler on the dimensional stability was investigated by comparing the moisture absorption with virgin wood-filled composites. It was found that ultimate tensile strength improves with increasing filler percentage for the compositions with MAPP. The Young’s modulus increases with increasing filler percentage for all compositions, and failure strain decreases with increasing filler percentage for all compositions. Moisture absorption studies show that the moisture absorption decreases when MAPP is added to the composite, and a slight decrease in moisture uptake is observed for the CCA-treated wood composites with respect to the virgin wood composites.

text: Use of recycled pulped chromated copper arsenate-treated wood fibre in polymer composites The goal of this study was to investigate if it is possible to recycle chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood for use in wood polymer composites. This was done by soda pulping wood chips of CCA-treated lumber in a laboratory-scale digester. Composites of 10–30 weight percentage of filler in polypropylene were produced with and without the addition of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) as a coupling agent. These composites were produced using extrusion compounding and injection moulding. The mechanical properties were determined using tensile testing; the properties examined in this study are the ultimate tensile strength, Young’s modulus and strain at break. The effect of the CCA-treated filler on the dimensional stability was investigated by comparing the moisture absorption with virgin wood-filled composites. It was found that ultimate tensile strength improves with increasing filler percentage for the compositions with MAPP. The Young’s modulus increases with increasing filler percentage for all compositions, and failure strain decreases with increasing filler percentage for all compositions. Moisture absorption studies show that the moisture absorption decreases when MAPP is added to the composite, and a slight decrease in moisture uptake is observed for the CCA-treated wood composites with respect to the virgin wood composites.

year: 2018

title: Ngā mana-kura-nui kei te ao wahine Māori

authors: Campbell, Hinehou

subjects: Wāhine Māori

abstract: ‘He wahine, he whenua e ora ai te tangata. He wahine, he whenua e mate ai te tangata!'
Ko te tino kaupapa o tēnei puawānanga, he rapu, he kimi hoki i ngā Mana-Kura-Nui kei Te Ao Wahine Māori. Ka āta tirohia ngā ingoa i tapaina ki ngā ao me ā rātau nā whakatipuranga, e puta ai ngā pūmanawa motuhake kei a te wahine, me ngā tauritenga mahi kei a te tāne rāua ko te wahine. 
Koirā ēnā ko Te Aoaonui, ko Te Kore, ko Te Pō, ki ngā Ao-Mārama ka heke ki Te Ao-Tūroa, ka hoki atu anō ki Te Pō, ki Te Muriwai-hou, ki Rarohenga. Ka āta rapua ngā tikanga kei aua ao, hei pou-herenga kōrero, ki waenga i ngā ao me ngā reanga whakatipu. Ko te kimi anō hoki i ngā tikanga i whakaū ai i ēnei Mana-Kura-Nui. Koia nei ētahi o aua tikanga ka āta tirohia i konei arā ko te toi o ngā mahi, te roi o ngā mata, te poi i ngā uri, te hoe i ngā tira, te koi o te hinengaro, te oi o te wairua, te kō o te reo, te ngoi o te mauri, me te kikokikotanga o te wahine.
Kua rangahautia ētahi kōrero mai i ngā kura koroiti, i ngā kete raukura, me ngā wānanga nui, o te ao Māori me i o te ao Pākehā. Ka tīmata mai i te pūtahitanga o ngā ao, o Te Kore, o Te Pō, o Te Māramatanga iti, o Te Awatea, o Te Ao-tūroa, me o Te Muriwai-hou. Ahakoa iti te whakaputa o ēnei ko te mea nui kē, arā ko ngā tauritenga kōrero, tauritenga tikanga, atu i ngā ao o Tauiwi mā ki ō tātau. Nā ka āta wānanga kia mōhio ai te kaipānui ki ngā ritenga me ngā rerekētanga kei aua ao e hāngai ana ki te wahine Māori.
Ko ētahi o ngā whakamārama kei te reo o tauiwi, itiiti noa nei ēnā. Ka mau hoki ki te whakaaro Māori, hei taonga here i te ngako o ngā kōrero me i o ngā tikanga. Ka āta rapua mai i roto i ngā whakapapa, karakia, waiata, pōkeka, tauparapara, kōrerorero, kupu whakaari, whakataukī hoki, me ngā waituhi, waitohu o te ao wahine Māori. Ka haria mai anō hoki e te kaituhi ēnei waituhi kia puta ko ngā whakaaro nui o te wahine Māori i roto hoki i Te Ao-hurihuri.
He mea hou ki ngā taringa o te kaituhi, ki te whakarongo ki te wahine e whakaputa ana i tōna nui. Koia tēnei ka haria mai e te kaituhi ōna whakakitenga nui, ka tāpiri atu ki ērā o ngā hākui, hākoro o ngā wānanga nui, inā ka tuia ēnei kōrero kia tina.
“He hapū ki te wahine, e kapi ai te ao,
he tauā ki te tāne, e ora ai te ao."
Waiho mā ngā tāne e whakaputa i te taha ki a rātau.

text: Ngā mana-kura-nui kei te ao wahine Māori ‘He wahine, he whenua e ora ai te tangata. He wahine, he whenua e mate ai te tangata!'
Ko te tino kaupapa o tēnei puawānanga, he rapu, he kimi hoki i ngā Mana-Kura-Nui kei Te Ao Wahine Māori. Ka āta tirohia ngā ingoa i tapaina ki ngā ao me ā rātau nā whakatipuranga, e puta ai ngā pūmanawa motuhake kei a te wahine, me ngā tauritenga mahi kei a te tāne rāua ko te wahine. 
Koirā ēnā ko Te Aoaonui, ko Te Kore, ko Te Pō, ki ngā Ao-Mārama ka heke ki Te Ao-Tūroa, ka hoki atu anō ki Te Pō, ki Te Muriwai-hou, ki Rarohenga. Ka āta rapua ngā tikanga kei aua ao, hei pou-herenga kōrero, ki waenga i ngā ao me ngā reanga whakatipu. Ko te kimi anō hoki i ngā tikanga i whakaū ai i ēnei Mana-Kura-Nui. Koia nei ētahi o aua tikanga ka āta tirohia i konei arā ko te toi o ngā mahi, te roi o ngā mata, te poi i ngā uri, te hoe i ngā tira, te koi o te hinengaro, te oi o te wairua, te kō o te reo, te ngoi o te mauri, me te kikokikotanga o te wahine.
Kua rangahautia ētahi kōrero mai i ngā kura koroiti, i ngā kete raukura, me ngā wānanga nui, o te ao Māori me i o te ao Pākehā. Ka tīmata mai i te pūtahitanga o ngā ao, o Te Kore, o Te Pō, o Te Māramatanga iti, o Te Awatea, o Te Ao-tūroa, me o Te Muriwai-hou. Ahakoa iti te whakaputa o ēnei ko te mea nui kē, arā ko ngā tauritenga kōrero, tauritenga tikanga, atu i ngā ao o Tauiwi mā ki ō tātau. Nā ka āta wānanga kia mōhio ai te kaipānui ki ngā ritenga me ngā rerekētanga kei aua ao e hāngai ana ki te wahine Māori.
Ko ētahi o ngā whakamārama kei te reo o tauiwi, itiiti noa nei ēnā. Ka mau hoki ki te whakaaro Māori, hei taonga here i te ngako o ngā kōrero me i o ngā tikanga. Ka āta rapua mai i roto i ngā whakapapa, karakia, waiata, pōkeka, tauparapara, kōrerorero, kupu whakaari, whakataukī hoki, me ngā waituhi, waitohu o te ao wahine Māori. Ka haria mai anō hoki e te kaituhi ēnei waituhi kia puta ko ngā whakaaro nui o te wahine Māori i roto hoki i Te Ao-hurihuri.
He mea hou ki ngā taringa o te kaituhi, ki te whakarongo ki te wahine e whakaputa ana i tōna nui. Koia tēnei ka haria mai e te kaituhi ōna whakakitenga nui, ka tāpiri atu ki ērā o ngā hākui, hākoro o ngā wānanga nui, inā ka tuia ēnei kōrero kia tina.
“He hapū ki te wahine, e kapi ai te ao,
he tauā ki te tāne, e ora ai te ao."
Waiho mā ngā tāne e whakaputa i te taha ki a rātau.

year: 1996