title: Production, Processing and Characterisation of   Porous TiAl Alloy Produced Using Space Holder Method.

authors: Thabarealam, Tharikalam

subjects: Porous titanium alloys

abstract: In the 21st century metals and alloys are considered to be the base for all manufacturing and engineering applications. Titanium and its alloys are examples of these, well known for their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. 
In the present study, production of porous titanium alloys using the space holder technique was taken into account. The porous titanium alloy was manufactured by powder metallurgy process. Production of porous titanium alloys using Ammonium-Bi-Carbonate ( ) and Salt (analytical NaCl) as spacer materials with different compositions has been investigated. The raw materials used for production and characterization were obtained from the Titanox Development Ltd, Auckland, TiAl powder, HDH pure titanium powder. Processing, characterization, and mechanical properties such as test and result of optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is presented for the porous titanium alloys. It was found that porous titanium has porosities in the range of 25-45% with density ranges from 2.5 to 3.0 for both the spacer materials respectively. Porous structure was determined with the removal of spacer material through sintering process. The sintering process of each spacer material depends on the melting point of the spacer material.

text: Production, Processing and Characterisation of   Porous TiAl Alloy Produced Using Space Holder Method. In the 21st century metals and alloys are considered to be the base for all manufacturing and engineering applications. Titanium and its alloys are examples of these, well known for their excellent corrosion resistance, high strength to weight ratio, good mechanical properties and biocompatibility. 
In the present study, production of porous titanium alloys using the space holder technique was taken into account. The porous titanium alloy was manufactured by powder metallurgy process. Production of porous titanium alloys using Ammonium-Bi-Carbonate ( ) and Salt (analytical NaCl) as spacer materials with different compositions has been investigated. The raw materials used for production and characterization were obtained from the Titanox Development Ltd, Auckland, TiAl powder, HDH pure titanium powder. Processing, characterization, and mechanical properties such as test and result of optical microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction, micro-hardness, Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) is presented for the porous titanium alloys. It was found that porous titanium has porosities in the range of 25-45% with density ranges from 2.5 to 3.0 for both the spacer materials respectively. Porous structure was determined with the removal of spacer material through sintering process. The sintering process of each spacer material depends on the melting point of the spacer material.

year: 2009

title: Designs with a priori information for nonmarket valuation with choice experiments: A Monte Carlo study

authors: Ferrini, Silvia

subjects: experimental design

abstract: Good practice in experimental design is essential for choice experiments used in nonmarket valuation. We review the practice of experimental design for choice experiments in environmental economics and we compare it with advances in experimental design. We then evaluate the statistical efficiency of four different designs by means of Monte Carlo experiments. Correct and incorrect specifications are investigated with gradually more precise information on the true parameter values. The data generating process (DGP) is based on estimates from data of a real study. Results indicate that D-efficient designs are promising, especially when based on Bayesian algorithms with informative prior. However, if good quality a priori information is lacking, and if there is strong uncertainty about the real DGP—conditions which are quite common in environmental valuation—then practitioners might be better off with shifted designs built from conventional fractional factorial designs for linear models.

text: Designs with a priori information for nonmarket valuation with choice experiments: A Monte Carlo study Good practice in experimental design is essential for choice experiments used in nonmarket valuation. We review the practice of experimental design for choice experiments in environmental economics and we compare it with advances in experimental design. We then evaluate the statistical efficiency of four different designs by means of Monte Carlo experiments. Correct and incorrect specifications are investigated with gradually more precise information on the true parameter values. The data generating process (DGP) is based on estimates from data of a real study. Results indicate that D-efficient designs are promising, especially when based on Bayesian algorithms with informative prior. However, if good quality a priori information is lacking, and if there is strong uncertainty about the real DGP—conditions which are quite common in environmental valuation—then practitioners might be better off with shifted designs built from conventional fractional factorial designs for linear models.

year: 2007

title: Turakina Ngā Hara me Hinepūkohurangi

authors: Channings, Terehia Teresa

abstract: Turakina Māori Girls’ College was a Māori boarding school established by the Presbyterian Church. It is a school that has had a long-standing relationship with Tūhoe. The connection between Tūhoe and Turakina Māori Girls’ College has seen many generations of Tūhoe women attend this Presbyterian educational institution. Central in the forging of special bond was the connection between The Right Reverend John Laughton and Rua Kenana. They both had immense influence on the people of Ruatāhuna, of Waikaremoana and Te Whāiti where the very first cohort of Tūhoe students who attended Turakina originated.
This research investigates the influence of Turakina Māori Girl’s College on the lifestyles, careers and personal development of a select group of Tūhoe women. In particular, this study focuses on Tūhoe women who attended Turakina over a period of five decades from as early as the 1940’s through to the 1980’s. The careers of each of the participants range from education to health, to social services and to pastoral Ministry. The key focus questions are based around the four cornerstone pinnacles of Turakina; Mana Mātauranga - Educational Enhancement & Achievement, Mana Māori - Māori Language & Cultural Strengthening, Mana Wairua - Spiritual Well-being & Care and particularly Mana Wahine - Female Capacity.
In January 2016, the Minister of Education officially closed Turakina. The college was the only Māori Girls’ boarding school ever to be established by the Presbyterian Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand. However, the relationship between Turakina and Tūhoe still remains and is a crucial part of the lives of many Tūhoe women.

text: Turakina Ngā Hara me Hinepūkohurangi Turakina Māori Girls’ College was a Māori boarding school established by the Presbyterian Church. It is a school that has had a long-standing relationship with Tūhoe. The connection between Tūhoe and Turakina Māori Girls’ College has seen many generations of Tūhoe women attend this Presbyterian educational institution. Central in the forging of special bond was the connection between The Right Reverend John Laughton and Rua Kenana. They both had immense influence on the people of Ruatāhuna, of Waikaremoana and Te Whāiti where the very first cohort of Tūhoe students who attended Turakina originated.
This research investigates the influence of Turakina Māori Girl’s College on the lifestyles, careers and personal development of a select group of Tūhoe women. In particular, this study focuses on Tūhoe women who attended Turakina over a period of five decades from as early as the 1940’s through to the 1980’s. The careers of each of the participants range from education to health, to social services and to pastoral Ministry. The key focus questions are based around the four cornerstone pinnacles of Turakina; Mana Mātauranga - Educational Enhancement & Achievement, Mana Māori - Māori Language & Cultural Strengthening, Mana Wairua - Spiritual Well-being & Care and particularly Mana Wahine - Female Capacity.
In January 2016, the Minister of Education officially closed Turakina. The college was the only Māori Girls’ boarding school ever to be established by the Presbyterian Church in Aotearoa, New Zealand. However, the relationship between Turakina and Tūhoe still remains and is a crucial part of the lives of many Tūhoe women.

year: 2016