title: Discovering inter-attribute relationships

authors: Holmes, Geoffrey

subjects: computer science

abstract: It is important to discover relationships between attributes being used to predict a class attribute in supervised learning situations for two reasons. First, any such relationship will be potentially interesting to the provider of a dataset in its own right. Second, it would simplify a learning algorithm’s search space, and the related irrelevant feature and subset selection problem, if the relationships were removed from datasets ahead of learning. An algorithm to discover such relationships is presented in this paper. The algorithm is described and a surprising number of inter-attribute relationships are discovered in datasets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) repository.

text: Discovering inter-attribute relationships It is important to discover relationships between attributes being used to predict a class attribute in supervised learning situations for two reasons. First, any such relationship will be potentially interesting to the provider of a dataset in its own right. Second, it would simplify a learning algorithm’s search space, and the related irrelevant feature and subset selection problem, if the relationships were removed from datasets ahead of learning. An algorithm to discover such relationships is presented in this paper. The algorithm is described and a surprising number of inter-attribute relationships are discovered in datasets from the University of California at Irvine (UCI) repository.

year: 1997-04

title: Formation of children as healthy sexual beings

authors: Flanagan, Paul G.

abstract: Forming children as healthy sexual beings: What understandings of child sexuality can mean for adults who care for children. In recent decades, greater awareness of child sexual abuse (csa) in society, and the exposure of abuse within Church contexts particularly, has necessarily seen the introduction of child protection education programmes and safeguarding practices for child protection. There has also been a parallel reconfiguration of sociological theories and questions about sexuality and childhood. This paper invites a reimagining of childhood and a critical view of some of the assumptions about how approaches to risk protection have developed. Questioning concepts of ‘innocence’ as natural and some of the assumptions that children should be ignorant of sexuality until puberty, a brief historical overview is taken of childhood in relation to sexuality. Examining the philosophical ideas around childhood innocence, this notion is challenged as potentially unhelpful (and possibly harmful) to safeguarding and protection practices to keep children safe. Presenting recent research (from the UK, Australia, South Africa and NZ), an understanding of children as curious and knowing 'sexual beings' may offer communities of faith more visible and articulate ways of understanding children as sexual beings and further developing practices of safety with children. It is important that adults find the language and safe spaces to speak about these ideas.

text: Formation of children as healthy sexual beings Forming children as healthy sexual beings: What understandings of child sexuality can mean for adults who care for children. In recent decades, greater awareness of child sexual abuse (csa) in society, and the exposure of abuse within Church contexts particularly, has necessarily seen the introduction of child protection education programmes and safeguarding practices for child protection. There has also been a parallel reconfiguration of sociological theories and questions about sexuality and childhood. This paper invites a reimagining of childhood and a critical view of some of the assumptions about how approaches to risk protection have developed. Questioning concepts of ‘innocence’ as natural and some of the assumptions that children should be ignorant of sexuality until puberty, a brief historical overview is taken of childhood in relation to sexuality. Examining the philosophical ideas around childhood innocence, this notion is challenged as potentially unhelpful (and possibly harmful) to safeguarding and protection practices to keep children safe. Presenting recent research (from the UK, Australia, South Africa and NZ), an understanding of children as curious and knowing 'sexual beings' may offer communities of faith more visible and articulate ways of understanding children as sexual beings and further developing practices of safety with children. It is important that adults find the language and safe spaces to speak about these ideas.

year: 2019

title: Maori women and dual ethnicity: Non-congruence, “passing” and “real Maori”

authors: Gibson, Kelly

subjects: Maori

abstract: In this study, I wanted to explore the often uncomfortable experience of having dual ethnicity. I did
this through open-ended interviews with nine women, who, like me, were aged between 20 and 30
and who identified as being of both Maori and Pakeha (or other) descent.
While the women all identified as having dual ethnicity, as the interviews progressed it became
clear that many of them had little pride in being of Pakeha descent and identified more strongly
with their Maori heritage. In most instances the way they were identified by other people was
incongruent with how the participants identified themselves. By virtue of having fair skin, many
were able to “pass” as Pakeha. This provided them with certain advantages, notably being exempt
from racist treatment. On the other hand, their appearance often resulted in them being labelled as
not being a “real Maori.” Paradoxically, when they were identified as Maori, others, both Maori
and non-Maori, sometimes expected them to be an expert in all things Maori. For most participants
being a “real” Maori did not rely on looking Maori or on being able to speak Te Reo fluently.
Instead, having whakapapa was considered the most essential element on which to base their Maori
identity.

text: Maori women and dual ethnicity: Non-congruence, “passing” and “real Maori” In this study, I wanted to explore the often uncomfortable experience of having dual ethnicity. I did
this through open-ended interviews with nine women, who, like me, were aged between 20 and 30
and who identified as being of both Maori and Pakeha (or other) descent.
While the women all identified as having dual ethnicity, as the interviews progressed it became
clear that many of them had little pride in being of Pakeha descent and identified more strongly
with their Maori heritage. In most instances the way they were identified by other people was
incongruent with how the participants identified themselves. By virtue of having fair skin, many
were able to “pass” as Pakeha. This provided them with certain advantages, notably being exempt
from racist treatment. On the other hand, their appearance often resulted in them being labelled as
not being a “real Maori.” Paradoxically, when they were identified as Maori, others, both Maori
and non-Maori, sometimes expected them to be an expert in all things Maori. For most participants
being a “real” Maori did not rely on looking Maori or on being able to speak Te Reo fluently.
Instead, having whakapapa was considered the most essential element on which to base their Maori
identity.

year: 1999