title: Testing the Surat Basin two deposition centre hypothesis: Part A Zircon geochronology

authors: Sobczak, Kasia

abstract: Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 from industrial emissions. The Precipice Sandstone in the southern Surat Basin of southeast Queensland is a potential CCS reservoir. However, there are knowledge gaps about its geological history, which affects safe storage. Detailed understanding of reservoir and seal rocks is crucial for effective CCS. Current knowledge is mainly based on the northern Surat Basin, while the southern part, with greater CCS potential, is less explored. Research on the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation examined mineral composition, sediment provenance, and age dating. The hypothesis of two depocentres was tested but not strongly supported. Some differences were noted in sandstone compositions and detrital zircon age spectra in the southern basin. The Precipice Sandstone received sediment from various sources, including the Thomson Orogen and Roma Shelf to the west and the New England Orogen to the east and south. The Evergreen Formation is placed in the middle Pliensbachian to the topmost Toarcian, and the Precipice Sandstone in the Lower Jurassic Sinemurian to Pliensbachian. The research provides insights for CCS implementation and suggests previous studies on reservoir and seal characteristics in the EPQ7 tenement may be applicable to EPQ10 for carbon geostorage. This contributes to understanding the geological factors involved in CCS in the Surat Basin.

text: Testing the Surat Basin two deposition centre hypothesis: Part A Zircon geochronology Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has the potential to reduce atmospheric CO2 from industrial emissions. The Precipice Sandstone in the southern Surat Basin of southeast Queensland is a potential CCS reservoir. However, there are knowledge gaps about its geological history, which affects safe storage. Detailed understanding of reservoir and seal rocks is crucial for effective CCS. Current knowledge is mainly based on the northern Surat Basin, while the southern part, with greater CCS potential, is less explored. Research on the Precipice Sandstone and Evergreen Formation examined mineral composition, sediment provenance, and age dating. The hypothesis of two depocentres was tested but not strongly supported. Some differences were noted in sandstone compositions and detrital zircon age spectra in the southern basin. The Precipice Sandstone received sediment from various sources, including the Thomson Orogen and Roma Shelf to the west and the New England Orogen to the east and south. The Evergreen Formation is placed in the middle Pliensbachian to the topmost Toarcian, and the Precipice Sandstone in the Lower Jurassic Sinemurian to Pliensbachian. The research provides insights for CCS implementation and suggests previous studies on reservoir and seal characteristics in the EPQ7 tenement may be applicable to EPQ10 for carbon geostorage. This contributes to understanding the geological factors involved in CCS in the Surat Basin.

year: 2022-03-16

title: Compressor shaft work targeting using new numerical exergy problem table algorithm (Ex-PTA) in sub-ambient processes

authors: Hamsani, Muhammad Nurheilmi

abstract: One of the major challenges faced by energy intensive industries is an excessive greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere due to high consumption of fossil fuels throughout the production processes. Due to high electricity usage in intensive industries, it is strongly advisable to all the engineers and other stakeholders to reduce the amount of energy needed for production, thus reducing carbon footprints. This is because the power generation industry emits approximately 37 % of total carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. Process improvement via Process Integration enhances the process energy efficiency, which contributes to the minimisation of fossil fuels and electricity consumption. Sub-ambient processes with refrigeration system are one of the highly energy intensive processes, which consumes a vast amount of electrical energy to run the compressors for fulfilling the process cooling demand. It is crucial to optimise the process-utility heat transfer in the system including the placement of compressors and expanders to minimise the exergy losses and shaft work consumption. This paper presents a combined energy analysis technique of Pinch Analysis and Exergy Analysis to determine exergy losses and compressor shaft work targeting in sub-ambient processes via a novel numerical approach known as the Exergy Problem Table Algorithm (Ex-PTA). The validity of the novel approach is demonstrated by using an illustrated case study. Based on the new numerical method, the total exergy loss in the process is 4.42 kW which is equivalent to 7.4 kW potential savings of compressor shaft work. In the economic analysis, the wasted potential shaft work costs a loss of approximately 19,926 MYR/y which should be avoided to minimise process operating cost.

text: Compressor shaft work targeting using new numerical exergy problem table algorithm (Ex-PTA) in sub-ambient processes One of the major challenges faced by energy intensive industries is an excessive greenhouse gas emission to the atmosphere due to high consumption of fossil fuels throughout the production processes. Due to high electricity usage in intensive industries, it is strongly advisable to all the engineers and other stakeholders to reduce the amount of energy needed for production, thus reducing carbon footprints. This is because the power generation industry emits approximately 37 % of total carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere. Process improvement via Process Integration enhances the process energy efficiency, which contributes to the minimisation of fossil fuels and electricity consumption. Sub-ambient processes with refrigeration system are one of the highly energy intensive processes, which consumes a vast amount of electrical energy to run the compressors for fulfilling the process cooling demand. It is crucial to optimise the process-utility heat transfer in the system including the placement of compressors and expanders to minimise the exergy losses and shaft work consumption. This paper presents a combined energy analysis technique of Pinch Analysis and Exergy Analysis to determine exergy losses and compressor shaft work targeting in sub-ambient processes via a novel numerical approach known as the Exergy Problem Table Algorithm (Ex-PTA). The validity of the novel approach is demonstrated by using an illustrated case study. Based on the new numerical method, the total exergy loss in the process is 4.42 kW which is equivalent to 7.4 kW potential savings of compressor shaft work. In the economic analysis, the wasted potential shaft work costs a loss of approximately 19,926 MYR/y which should be avoided to minimise process operating cost.

year: 2018

title: Maori identity within whanau: A review of literature.

authors: Moeke-Pickering, Taima Materangatira

subjects: Maori identity

abstract: The study of identities is an enormous and complex undertaking. Research on identity formation has revealed a clear link between family practices and identity development. In traditional Maori times, the whanau was the place where initial teaching and socialisation of things Maori took place. While there is no single exact measure of what constitutes Maori identity (Durie, 1994), that Maori identity is still being asserted today means that the shaping of Maori identity is still occurring. Rather than attempt to cover all aspects of how Maori shape their identities, I have chosen to focus on the shaping of Maori identity within whanau. Given that this paper is about both Maori identity and whanau identity it seemed logical to review and examine the literature surrounding these two notions. In this paper I also discuss the ecological threats and supports that influenced Maori and whanau identity. Then I review literature on whanau identity from traditional and contemporary works, and explore the concept of whanau identity as a management framework. The literature on whanau does not vary from what Maori authors have expressed regarding their conceptualisations of Maori identity. The tribal structures, descent and cultural practices provide integral pathways through which whanau and Maori identity can be developed and maintained. What is of significance, is that the formation of a secure whanau identity is likely to contribute toward an overall stable Maori identity. Creating an environment where a sense of secure wellbeing among members of a whanau is nurtured, leads to members constructing a whanau and Maori identity that is meaningful to them in their lives.

text: Maori identity within whanau: A review of literature. The study of identities is an enormous and complex undertaking. Research on identity formation has revealed a clear link between family practices and identity development. In traditional Maori times, the whanau was the place where initial teaching and socialisation of things Maori took place. While there is no single exact measure of what constitutes Maori identity (Durie, 1994), that Maori identity is still being asserted today means that the shaping of Maori identity is still occurring. Rather than attempt to cover all aspects of how Maori shape their identities, I have chosen to focus on the shaping of Maori identity within whanau. Given that this paper is about both Maori identity and whanau identity it seemed logical to review and examine the literature surrounding these two notions. In this paper I also discuss the ecological threats and supports that influenced Maori and whanau identity. Then I review literature on whanau identity from traditional and contemporary works, and explore the concept of whanau identity as a management framework. The literature on whanau does not vary from what Maori authors have expressed regarding their conceptualisations of Maori identity. The tribal structures, descent and cultural practices provide integral pathways through which whanau and Maori identity can be developed and maintained. What is of significance, is that the formation of a secure whanau identity is likely to contribute toward an overall stable Maori identity. Creating an environment where a sense of secure wellbeing among members of a whanau is nurtured, leads to members constructing a whanau and Maori identity that is meaningful to them in their lives.

year: 1996-01-01