title: Have mobile eCommerce websites become too dependent on the hamburger menu? Navigation for mobile eCommerce websites

authors: Wyatt, Paige Amy

subjects: Design

abstract: Mobile phones have become a ubiquitous element in modern-day society, with many people using their mobile devices for online shopping. Mobile eCommerce websites specifically offer users the ability to view or purchase a product without entering a physical shop.
With the added implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, mobile eCommerce websites play a more prevalent role in consumerism than in the past. Given the popularity of mobile devices and extensive research into eCommerce design, it was surprising to see little research into navigation menu for mobile eCommerce websites
The navigation positioning, type of navigation, and user experience are areas investigated within this thesis. This research’s main goal was to look into navigation menus on mobile eCommerce websites and learn which approach offers the most optimal solution for a successful navigation experience. 
We learned that the hamburger menu in the top left-hand corner is the most commonly used form of navigation through a case study. We also identified that the hamburger menu in the top left-hand corner might not be the optimal solution. We then conducted a user study to investigate user preferences concerning navigation options on mobile devices. We used the case study findings and developed a secondary navigation option to test against the top-left hamburger menu. This secondary option was a menu bar navigation, with a hamburger incorporated on the bottom right. Results showed that in general users preferred the layout and experience that the bottom bar navigation option offered.
We could recommend the inclusion of a bottom bar navigation option in the development of mobile eCommerce websites. The research suggested that a bottom bar navigation option would offer a more user-friendly mobile eCommerce website experience. Finally, we identified the limitations of the study, as well as future work surrounding the topic.

text: Have mobile eCommerce websites become too dependent on the hamburger menu? Navigation for mobile eCommerce websites Mobile phones have become a ubiquitous element in modern-day society, with many people using their mobile devices for online shopping. Mobile eCommerce websites specifically offer users the ability to view or purchase a product without entering a physical shop.
With the added implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, mobile eCommerce websites play a more prevalent role in consumerism than in the past. Given the popularity of mobile devices and extensive research into eCommerce design, it was surprising to see little research into navigation menu for mobile eCommerce websites
The navigation positioning, type of navigation, and user experience are areas investigated within this thesis. This research’s main goal was to look into navigation menus on mobile eCommerce websites and learn which approach offers the most optimal solution for a successful navigation experience. 
We learned that the hamburger menu in the top left-hand corner is the most commonly used form of navigation through a case study. We also identified that the hamburger menu in the top left-hand corner might not be the optimal solution. We then conducted a user study to investigate user preferences concerning navigation options on mobile devices. We used the case study findings and developed a secondary navigation option to test against the top-left hamburger menu. This secondary option was a menu bar navigation, with a hamburger incorporated on the bottom right. Results showed that in general users preferred the layout and experience that the bottom bar navigation option offered.
We could recommend the inclusion of a bottom bar navigation option in the development of mobile eCommerce websites. The research suggested that a bottom bar navigation option would offer a more user-friendly mobile eCommerce website experience. Finally, we identified the limitations of the study, as well as future work surrounding the topic.

year: 2022

title: Energy losses by anisotropic viscous dissipation in transient magnetic reconnection

authors: Craig, Ian J.D.

subjects: magnetic reconnection

abstract: Global energy losses associated with transient magnetic reconnection in a viscous resistive plasma are examined. The Braginskii stress tensor is used to model the plasma viscosity for conditions typical of the solar corona. Analytic arguments are used to show that the large-scale advective flows associated with magnetic merging are likely to generate significant viscous losses. It is pointed out that the development of a visco-resistive reconnection scale, predicted for the classical shear viscosity, is not expected in the more realistic case of the Braginskii viscosity. Numerical simulations of planar coalescence merging show that viscous losses should easily dominate resistive losses for physically plausible parameters in flaring regions. Our computations imply that flare-like rates exceeding 10²⁹ erg s⁻¹ can be achieved under plausible coronal conditions.

text: Energy losses by anisotropic viscous dissipation in transient magnetic reconnection Global energy losses associated with transient magnetic reconnection in a viscous resistive plasma are examined. The Braginskii stress tensor is used to model the plasma viscosity for conditions typical of the solar corona. Analytic arguments are used to show that the large-scale advective flows associated with magnetic merging are likely to generate significant viscous losses. It is pointed out that the development of a visco-resistive reconnection scale, predicted for the classical shear viscosity, is not expected in the more realistic case of the Braginskii viscosity. Numerical simulations of planar coalescence merging show that viscous losses should easily dominate resistive losses for physically plausible parameters in flaring regions. Our computations imply that flare-like rates exceeding 10²⁹ erg s⁻¹ can be achieved under plausible coronal conditions.

year: 2010

title: Ngā Tuakiri o te Tangata: Being Māori in Early Childhood Education

authors: Rameka, Lesley Kay

abstract: Before the arrival of Europeans in Aotearoa, New Zealand and their subsequent settlement in the 1800s, there was no concept of a Māori identity. Over time, however, as a result of rapid colonisation, Māori became a minority population in New Zealand. Consequently, the term Māori as normal or usual, began to lose its meaning (Webber, 2008), and another meaning began to emerge based on contrasts with the Pākehā settler population. This paper explores the complex and increasingly diverse nature of Māori identities in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand, including contemporary early childhood contexts. It discusses the importance of negotiating the terrains of cultural knowledge, values and understandings in order to define what ‘being Māori’ means for teachers and children in an increasingly diverse and complex settings.

text: Ngā Tuakiri o te Tangata: Being Māori in Early Childhood Education Before the arrival of Europeans in Aotearoa, New Zealand and their subsequent settlement in the 1800s, there was no concept of a Māori identity. Over time, however, as a result of rapid colonisation, Māori became a minority population in New Zealand. Consequently, the term Māori as normal or usual, began to lose its meaning (Webber, 2008), and another meaning began to emerge based on contrasts with the Pākehā settler population. This paper explores the complex and increasingly diverse nature of Māori identities in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand, including contemporary early childhood contexts. It discusses the importance of negotiating the terrains of cultural knowledge, values and understandings in order to define what ‘being Māori’ means for teachers and children in an increasingly diverse and complex settings.

year: 2016