title: Isolation by HPLC and characterisation of the bioactive fraction of New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey

authors: Adams, Christopher. J.

subjects: New Zealand manuka honey

abstract: Using HPLC a fraction of New Zealand manuka honey has been isolated, which gives rise to the non-peroxide antibacterial activity. This fraction proved to be methylglyoxal, a highly reactive precursor in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Methylglyoxal concentrations in 49 manuka and 34 non-manuka honey samples were determined using a direct detection method and compared with values obtained using standard o-phenylenediamine derivatisation. Concentrations obtained using both the methods were similar and varied from 38 to 828 mg/kg.

text: Isolation by HPLC and characterisation of the bioactive fraction of New Zealand manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) honey Using HPLC a fraction of New Zealand manuka honey has been isolated, which gives rise to the non-peroxide antibacterial activity. This fraction proved to be methylglyoxal, a highly reactive precursor in the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Methylglyoxal concentrations in 49 manuka and 34 non-manuka honey samples were determined using a direct detection method and compared with values obtained using standard o-phenylenediamine derivatisation. Concentrations obtained using both the methods were similar and varied from 38 to 828 mg/kg.

year: 2008

title: Estimating the size of the cosmic-ray halo using particle distribution moments

authors: Litvinenko, Yuri E.

subjects: cosmic rays – galaxies

abstract: Context: Particle transport in many astrophysical problems can be described either by the Fokker–Planck equation or by an equivalent system of stochastic differential equations. Aims: It is shown that the latter method can be applied to the problem of defining the size of the cosmic-ray galactic halo. Methods: Analytical expressions for the leading moments of the pitch-angle distribution of relativistic particles are determined. Particle scattering and escape are analyzed in terms of the moments. Results: In the case of an anisotropic distribution, the first moment leads to an expression for the halo size, identified with the particle escape from the region of strong scattering. Previous studies are generalized by analyzing the case of a strictly isotropic initial distribution. A new expression for the variance of the distribution is derived, which illustrates the anisotropization of the distribution. Conclusions: Stochastic calculus tools allow one to analyze physically motivated forms for the scattering rate, so that a detailed realistic model can be developed.

text: Estimating the size of the cosmic-ray halo using particle distribution moments Context: Particle transport in many astrophysical problems can be described either by the Fokker–Planck equation or by an equivalent system of stochastic differential equations. Aims: It is shown that the latter method can be applied to the problem of defining the size of the cosmic-ray galactic halo. Methods: Analytical expressions for the leading moments of the pitch-angle distribution of relativistic particles are determined. Particle scattering and escape are analyzed in terms of the moments. Results: In the case of an anisotropic distribution, the first moment leads to an expression for the halo size, identified with the particle escape from the region of strong scattering. Previous studies are generalized by analyzing the case of a strictly isotropic initial distribution. A new expression for the variance of the distribution is derived, which illustrates the anisotropization of the distribution. Conclusions: Stochastic calculus tools allow one to analyze physically motivated forms for the scattering rate, so that a detailed realistic model can be developed.

year: 2009

title: Local volunteers respond to the Rena oil spill in Maketū, New Zealand

authors: Smith, Kelly

subjects: community action

abstract: Following the MV Rena grounding and oil spill in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in October 2011, the Māori community of Maketū were quick to respond to the arrival of oil on their beaches. They asserted their rangatiratanga by establishing their marae as a base and successfully coordinated a cleanup by more than 450 volunteers, feeding these volunteers every day. We interviewed 11 clean-up leaders and volunteers in Maketū to gather information about how the oil spill affected people in the community and how they ensured the success of their clean-up efforts. Many volunteers returned to help with the clean-up day after day over several weeks. Concepts of kaitiakitanga and manaakitanga underpinned the work of the Maketū clean-up organisers. Participants attributed the success of the Maketū clean-up to the speed with which they responded, the support they received from their community and local businesses, and their local knowledge.

text: Local volunteers respond to the Rena oil spill in Maketū, New Zealand Following the MV Rena grounding and oil spill in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in October 2011, the Māori community of Maketū were quick to respond to the arrival of oil on their beaches. They asserted their rangatiratanga by establishing their marae as a base and successfully coordinated a cleanup by more than 450 volunteers, feeding these volunteers every day. We interviewed 11 clean-up leaders and volunteers in Maketū to gather information about how the oil spill affected people in the community and how they ensured the success of their clean-up efforts. Many volunteers returned to help with the clean-up day after day over several weeks. Concepts of kaitiakitanga and manaakitanga underpinned the work of the Maketū clean-up organisers. Participants attributed the success of the Maketū clean-up to the speed with which they responded, the support they received from their community and local businesses, and their local knowledge.

year: 2016