title: Transnational education and education sovereignty the Indonesia-US education relationship case study

authors: Abbott, Anita Trisnawati

subjects: Transnational Education

abstract: This thesis examines the extent to which the educational sovereignty of a less developed state can be sustained when it considerably expands its involvement with transnational education. The thesis focuses on the case of Indonesia, which, since independence, has increasingly drawn on the education programmes of foreign providers, especially the US, as it has pursued its development agenda. In this context, the growth in the prevalence and importance of transnational education has led to questions about its impact on Indonesia. These questions are centred on whether transnational education is a vehicle through which Western education influences affect both the cultures and educational systems of non-Western states through the one-way transfer of knowledge. The case of the Indonesia-US education relationship provides a unique situation for the study of transnational educational exchanges and questions of educational sovereignty. In this case study, based on in-depth interviews with key actors in the negotiation of Indonesia-US education agreements and a comprehensive review of the official documents and other relevant literature, the extent to which Indonesia’s educational sovereignty has been sustained through a period which has seen the strengthening the Indonesia-US education relationship, is examined. The research finds that Indonesian enthusiasm for access to US education resources and opportunities is tempered by sensitivity to the risk of losing control over educational programmes. Negotiations over educational agreements are characterised by the assertion of equal status by Indonesian officials and confidence in their ability to retain control. This thesis concludes that sustaining educational sovereignty depends on the ability of the state to negotiate and renegotiate the terms of the relationship with provider states.

text: Transnational education and education sovereignty the Indonesia-US education relationship case study This thesis examines the extent to which the educational sovereignty of a less developed state can be sustained when it considerably expands its involvement with transnational education. The thesis focuses on the case of Indonesia, which, since independence, has increasingly drawn on the education programmes of foreign providers, especially the US, as it has pursued its development agenda. In this context, the growth in the prevalence and importance of transnational education has led to questions about its impact on Indonesia. These questions are centred on whether transnational education is a vehicle through which Western education influences affect both the cultures and educational systems of non-Western states through the one-way transfer of knowledge. The case of the Indonesia-US education relationship provides a unique situation for the study of transnational educational exchanges and questions of educational sovereignty. In this case study, based on in-depth interviews with key actors in the negotiation of Indonesia-US education agreements and a comprehensive review of the official documents and other relevant literature, the extent to which Indonesia’s educational sovereignty has been sustained through a period which has seen the strengthening the Indonesia-US education relationship, is examined. The research finds that Indonesian enthusiasm for access to US education resources and opportunities is tempered by sensitivity to the risk of losing control over educational programmes. Negotiations over educational agreements are characterised by the assertion of equal status by Indonesian officials and confidence in their ability to retain control. This thesis concludes that sustaining educational sovereignty depends on the ability of the state to negotiate and renegotiate the terms of the relationship with provider states.

year: 2014

title: A comparison of buried andesites at Ngatamariki and Rotokawa geothermal fields, Taupo

authors: Vestman Andersen, Linda Christina

subjects: Andesite

abstract: The Rotokawa and Ngatamariki geothermal systems are hosted by hydrothermally altered Quaternary andesitic, dacitic and rhyolitic volcanics resting on Mesozoic Torlesse greywacke basement, and covered by lacustrine sediments and surficial deposits. Andesitic lava and breccia (> 2 km thick) below 1 km depth at Rotokawa is an important production aquifer for geothermal power due to its interconnected fracture permeability. Exploration drilling at Ngatamariki has revealed andesite at several depth intervals, with an approximate age of 1.2 Ma for the shallow andesite lavas, interlayered with ~1 km of ignimbrite. Rotokawa andesite is a massive to flow-banded, fine-medium grained porphyritic lava with primary plagioclase (An51-82), clino- and orthopyroxene in an aphanitic groundmass. Accessory minerals are biotite and Fe-Ti oxides. The Ngatamariki andesite has primary plagioclase (An54-82) and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Intercalated breccia contains andesite, minor rhyolite and greywacke lithics in a fine grained matrix. Hydrothermal alteration is propylitic, albeit with minor potassic or argillic mineralogy resulting from variable conditions within the thermally-evolving reservoirs. The andesite is commonly veined and/or has a vuggy texture. XRF analysis, particularly plots of immobile element data, e.g. Ti vs. Zr, Y vs. Zr, has been used to fingerprint the hydrothermally altered volcanics, and infer the intensity of fluid-rock interaction. The TiO2/Zr ratio in Rotokawa andesite is 27-63 whereas in the Ngatamariki andesite it is 13-48. Chemical data, combined with inferred stratigraphic relationships suggest that Rotokawa andesites derive from an older, basaltic andesite composite cone volcano, compared to a younger dacite/andesite volcanic centre at Ngatamariki.

text: A comparison of buried andesites at Ngatamariki and Rotokawa geothermal fields, Taupo The Rotokawa and Ngatamariki geothermal systems are hosted by hydrothermally altered Quaternary andesitic, dacitic and rhyolitic volcanics resting on Mesozoic Torlesse greywacke basement, and covered by lacustrine sediments and surficial deposits. Andesitic lava and breccia (> 2 km thick) below 1 km depth at Rotokawa is an important production aquifer for geothermal power due to its interconnected fracture permeability. Exploration drilling at Ngatamariki has revealed andesite at several depth intervals, with an approximate age of 1.2 Ma for the shallow andesite lavas, interlayered with ~1 km of ignimbrite. Rotokawa andesite is a massive to flow-banded, fine-medium grained porphyritic lava with primary plagioclase (An51-82), clino- and orthopyroxene in an aphanitic groundmass. Accessory minerals are biotite and Fe-Ti oxides. The Ngatamariki andesite has primary plagioclase (An54-82) and clinopyroxene phenocrysts. Intercalated breccia contains andesite, minor rhyolite and greywacke lithics in a fine grained matrix. Hydrothermal alteration is propylitic, albeit with minor potassic or argillic mineralogy resulting from variable conditions within the thermally-evolving reservoirs. The andesite is commonly veined and/or has a vuggy texture. XRF analysis, particularly plots of immobile element data, e.g. Ti vs. Zr, Y vs. Zr, has been used to fingerprint the hydrothermally altered volcanics, and infer the intensity of fluid-rock interaction. The TiO2/Zr ratio in Rotokawa andesite is 27-63 whereas in the Ngatamariki andesite it is 13-48. Chemical data, combined with inferred stratigraphic relationships suggest that Rotokawa andesites derive from an older, basaltic andesite composite cone volcano, compared to a younger dacite/andesite volcanic centre at Ngatamariki.

year: 2011

title: Barry Barclay: the Reflection of Maori and Pakeha Identities

authors: Hilal, Emad Jabbar

subjects: emad

abstract: This Media and Screen Studies thesis tries to investigate the identifications of Barry Barclay (1944-2008) - a New Zealand filmmaker, thinker and poet, of Māori and Pākeha ethnic background - who identified as Māori in the second part of his career, in the mid 1970s. The thesis relies on Barclay's writing and other historical and theoretical material in the reading of his own films. The thesis arrives at an argument that even when Barclay chose to identify more with the Māori side of his identity, the Pākeha side took part also in the shaping of his film practices. Studying Barry Barclay along this line of argument has several benefits for Screen Studies. It, on the one hand, covers what is left unstudied by the scholarship concerning his representation of the Māori world such as the way he commented on Māori cultural and social concerns and acheivements in his films. The thesis studies Barclay's films from the time he started his identification with his Māori  side in Tangaata Whenua (1974), Te Urewera (1987), Ngati (1987),Te Rua (1991) and takes The Kaipara Affair (2005) as a case study and a carrier of change in film practices and development in outlook.The other important contribution is the way he represented Pākeha, and how he developed his representation of them in time. This representation which is unstudied at all, is important to Screen Studies becuase it contributes to Barclay's theory of Fourth Cinema. This thesis shows how representing Pakeha, especially in Barclay's last film problemematizes his theory of Fourth Cinema, but ultimately, deals with applies it creatively. The representation of Pākeha gives insight into Barclay's interest in the Māori world, which is not a dogma or a merely ethnic affiliation as much as an attraction to a world-view that can solve major universal issues such as environmental problems. Above all, the way how Barclay worked out this representation in his films sheds light on one of the important examples of how film can take part in healing social damages such as the history of colonizing and marginalization of Māori people.

text: Barry Barclay: the Reflection of Maori and Pakeha Identities This Media and Screen Studies thesis tries to investigate the identifications of Barry Barclay (1944-2008) - a New Zealand filmmaker, thinker and poet, of Māori and Pākeha ethnic background - who identified as Māori in the second part of his career, in the mid 1970s. The thesis relies on Barclay's writing and other historical and theoretical material in the reading of his own films. The thesis arrives at an argument that even when Barclay chose to identify more with the Māori side of his identity, the Pākeha side took part also in the shaping of his film practices. Studying Barry Barclay along this line of argument has several benefits for Screen Studies. It, on the one hand, covers what is left unstudied by the scholarship concerning his representation of the Māori world such as the way he commented on Māori cultural and social concerns and acheivements in his films. The thesis studies Barclay's films from the time he started his identification with his Māori  side in Tangaata Whenua (1974), Te Urewera (1987), Ngati (1987),Te Rua (1991) and takes The Kaipara Affair (2005) as a case study and a carrier of change in film practices and development in outlook.The other important contribution is the way he represented Pākeha, and how he developed his representation of them in time. This representation which is unstudied at all, is important to Screen Studies becuase it contributes to Barclay's theory of Fourth Cinema. This thesis shows how representing Pakeha, especially in Barclay's last film problemematizes his theory of Fourth Cinema, but ultimately, deals with applies it creatively. The representation of Pākeha gives insight into Barclay's interest in the Māori world, which is not a dogma or a merely ethnic affiliation as much as an attraction to a world-view that can solve major universal issues such as environmental problems. Above all, the way how Barclay worked out this representation in his films sheds light on one of the important examples of how film can take part in healing social damages such as the history of colonizing and marginalization of Māori people.

year: 2017