title: Bis(metallaethynyl) Ketones: Synthesis and Structure of {(Ph₃P)AuC≡C}₂CO and Attempted Transmetalation: Formation and Structure of [1,3-{Ru(dppe)Cp}₂{c-COC(OMe)CHCCH}]PF₆

authors: Armitt, David J.

subjects: chemistry

abstract: The bis(metallaethynyl) ketone {(Ph₃P)AuC≡C}₂CO (1), obtained from (Me₃SiC≡C)₂CO, AuCl(PPh₃), and NaOMe, forms an Au•••Au-bonded dimer in the solid state (Au•••Au = 2.9825(3) Å). The ES-MS contains ions [2M + X]⁺ (X = Na, K, Au), but the lack of the ion [2M]⁺ and NMR evidence suggest that the dimeric structure is not preserved in solution. Compound 1 reacts with RuCl(dppe)Cp to afford the unusual dimetal-substituted pyrylium complex [1,3-{Ru(dppe)Cp}₂{c-COC(OMe)CHCCH}]PF₆ (2). The molecular structure of 2 is also reported, together with a proposed route for its formation.

text: Bis(metallaethynyl) Ketones: Synthesis and Structure of {(Ph₃P)AuC≡C}₂CO and Attempted Transmetalation: Formation and Structure of [1,3-{Ru(dppe)Cp}₂{c-COC(OMe)CHCCH}]PF₆ The bis(metallaethynyl) ketone {(Ph₃P)AuC≡C}₂CO (1), obtained from (Me₃SiC≡C)₂CO, AuCl(PPh₃), and NaOMe, forms an Au•••Au-bonded dimer in the solid state (Au•••Au = 2.9825(3) Å). The ES-MS contains ions [2M + X]⁺ (X = Na, K, Au), but the lack of the ion [2M]⁺ and NMR evidence suggest that the dimeric structure is not preserved in solution. Compound 1 reacts with RuCl(dppe)Cp to afford the unusual dimetal-substituted pyrylium complex [1,3-{Ru(dppe)Cp}₂{c-COC(OMe)CHCCH}]PF₆ (2). The molecular structure of 2 is also reported, together with a proposed route for its formation.

year: 2011

title: Removal of invasive fish and exclusion of koi carp from Lake Ohinewai

authors: Tempero, Grant Wayne

abstract: The lower Waikato River floodplain contains many shallow lakes. The floodplain has been highly developed for pastoral agriculture, primarily dairy farming, resulting in extensive drainage and flood control measures to regulate river and lake levels. Most lakes have degraded water quality as a result of nutrient and sediment enrichment, and the additional impacts of pest fish such as koi carp, goldfish, catfish and rudd have generally contribute9 to the total collapse of submerged macrophytes and progression to a highly eutrophic state. Of all New Zealand lakes monitored regularly for water quality, around 25% of those categorised as supertrophic or hypertrophic are on the Waikato River floodplain (Verburg et al. 2010).
Lake Ohinewai is a shallow (4.5 m depth), 16.8 ha lake on the floodplain. The lake has a 331 ha catchment that is primarily flat and dominated by intensive pastoral farming with several inlet drains. A single outlet drain leads to Lake Waikare via Lake Rotokawau and passes through a circular road culvert 930 m from the lake outlet. Lake Ohinewai deteriorated from a stable oligotrophic (macrophyte-dominated) state to a stable eutrophic (algal-dominated) state during the early 1990s, and now lacks aquatic macrophytes. In 1981, 80% of the lake was covered in aquatic macrophytes but by 1991 none remained (Edwards et al. 2005). Invasion by koi carp over this period was implicated in this change of state.

text: Removal of invasive fish and exclusion of koi carp from Lake Ohinewai The lower Waikato River floodplain contains many shallow lakes. The floodplain has been highly developed for pastoral agriculture, primarily dairy farming, resulting in extensive drainage and flood control measures to regulate river and lake levels. Most lakes have degraded water quality as a result of nutrient and sediment enrichment, and the additional impacts of pest fish such as koi carp, goldfish, catfish and rudd have generally contribute9 to the total collapse of submerged macrophytes and progression to a highly eutrophic state. Of all New Zealand lakes monitored regularly for water quality, around 25% of those categorised as supertrophic or hypertrophic are on the Waikato River floodplain (Verburg et al. 2010).
Lake Ohinewai is a shallow (4.5 m depth), 16.8 ha lake on the floodplain. The lake has a 331 ha catchment that is primarily flat and dominated by intensive pastoral farming with several inlet drains. A single outlet drain leads to Lake Waikare via Lake Rotokawau and passes through a circular road culvert 930 m from the lake outlet. Lake Ohinewai deteriorated from a stable oligotrophic (macrophyte-dominated) state to a stable eutrophic (algal-dominated) state during the early 1990s, and now lacks aquatic macrophytes. In 1981, 80% of the lake was covered in aquatic macrophytes but by 1991 none remained (Edwards et al. 2005). Invasion by koi carp over this period was implicated in this change of state.

year: 2015

title: Rock-a-bye Baby: Infant care and parenting around sleep

authors: Jones, Horiana Majorie

subjects: Infant Sleep

abstract: This research is a part of a wider international study which explores infant sleep amongst various ethnicities and cultures. This study has explored infant sleep practices in New Zealand, with a specific focus on Māori child rearing practices. This study aimed to firstly, explore what techniques Māori parents use to get their ppi to sleep (2 months- 2 years of age). Secondly, this study aimed to understand the various factors that influence parents’ decisions to use their particular method e.g. Parent assisted approaches (rocking, co-sleeping, bed sharing breastfeeding to sleep), or self-soothing infant sleep methods (cry it out, controlled comforting). Mixed methods were used to collect the data for this study. Overall, 562 primary caregivers/parents completed the survey component of this study with 11 percent identifying as Māori. A further 10 were taken from the survey sample and participated in face to face interviews.  
The results show that parent assisted techniques such as rocking, lying down with baby, and feeding to sleep were the most practiced approach to infant sleep for Māori whanau across the survey and interview findings. Participants within the interview study that used parent assisted techniques to initiate infant sleep were also more likely to bed-share with their babies. Self- soothing techniques such as controlled comforting and cry it out were practiced by a number of parents within the survey and interview groups The findings from this study suggest that a number of different factors influence parenting style. Survey data found that culture, books, magazines, online material and advice from family were the most influential factors in parenting styles. The interviews findings suggest that the convenience of an approach, whanau influence, being a parent of more than one child, environmental factors, healthcare recommendations, safety and culture all influenced aspects of their approaches to infant sleep.

text: Rock-a-bye Baby: Infant care and parenting around sleep This research is a part of a wider international study which explores infant sleep amongst various ethnicities and cultures. This study has explored infant sleep practices in New Zealand, with a specific focus on Māori child rearing practices. This study aimed to firstly, explore what techniques Māori parents use to get their ppi to sleep (2 months- 2 years of age). Secondly, this study aimed to understand the various factors that influence parents’ decisions to use their particular method e.g. Parent assisted approaches (rocking, co-sleeping, bed sharing breastfeeding to sleep), or self-soothing infant sleep methods (cry it out, controlled comforting). Mixed methods were used to collect the data for this study. Overall, 562 primary caregivers/parents completed the survey component of this study with 11 percent identifying as Māori. A further 10 were taken from the survey sample and participated in face to face interviews.  
The results show that parent assisted techniques such as rocking, lying down with baby, and feeding to sleep were the most practiced approach to infant sleep for Māori whanau across the survey and interview findings. Participants within the interview study that used parent assisted techniques to initiate infant sleep were also more likely to bed-share with their babies. Self- soothing techniques such as controlled comforting and cry it out were practiced by a number of parents within the survey and interview groups The findings from this study suggest that a number of different factors influence parenting style. Survey data found that culture, books, magazines, online material and advice from family were the most influential factors in parenting styles. The interviews findings suggest that the convenience of an approach, whanau influence, being a parent of more than one child, environmental factors, healthcare recommendations, safety and culture all influenced aspects of their approaches to infant sleep.

year: 2017