title: The monasteries of Putuoshan, China: Sites of secular or religious tourism?

authors: Wong, Cora Un In

subjects: religious tourism

abstract: The article reports an analysis derived from a sample of 640 respondents visiting the Buddhist site of Putuoshan that is sacred to the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avalokitesvara. Drawing on literature and observation over a 12-month period, the article adopts a fourfold designation of visitors: Xiankes, Sushi, Sightseers, and Cultural/Heritage Visitors. Three scales are developed and exploratory factor analysis supports distinctions between the clusters with reference to motives, activities and beliefs, and the categorization is supported by logistic regression analysis. The findings are discussed in the context of destination management with reference to two considerations—namely: (a) sites of religious importance often possess secular as well as religious significance; and (b) the numbers of tourists appear to be growing, thereby raising concerns of future negative tourism impacts.

text: The monasteries of Putuoshan, China: Sites of secular or religious tourism? The article reports an analysis derived from a sample of 640 respondents visiting the Buddhist site of Putuoshan that is sacred to the Bodhisattva of Compassion, Avalokitesvara. Drawing on literature and observation over a 12-month period, the article adopts a fourfold designation of visitors: Xiankes, Sushi, Sightseers, and Cultural/Heritage Visitors. Three scales are developed and exploratory factor analysis supports distinctions between the clusters with reference to motives, activities and beliefs, and the categorization is supported by logistic regression analysis. The findings are discussed in the context of destination management with reference to two considerations—namely: (a) sites of religious importance often possess secular as well as religious significance; and (b) the numbers of tourists appear to be growing, thereby raising concerns of future negative tourism impacts.

year: 2013

title: An Insight into Youth Mental Health: A mixed methods research study of experiences and perceptions of youth mental health.

authors: Lingley-Tremewan , Kathryn Victoria May

abstract: Background: The mental health of youth within New Zealand is an imperative matter that needs to be immediately addressed.  The rates of youth struggling with their mental health is a concern for all health professional in New Zealand.   
Objectives: The objectives of this research are to firstly, look at what are common mental health issues that youth are currently living with. The second objective is to find out what the perceptions are that nurses have on youth mental health within New Zealand.  
Participants: The first part of this research examined quantitative data using the YouthCHAT instrument from 778 students from secondary schools within the Waikato and Coromandel regions. The second part of this research, comprised individual interviews  with eight nurses based in the Waikato. 
Methods: The study used a mixed methods design. The quantitative data was extracted from an existing YouthCHAT . This data was analysed through parsimonious modelling and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The data was examined utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data was generated by interviewing eight nurses about their perception of youth mental health. The findings from the interviews were analysed utilising a general inductive approach.  
Results: The research undertaken provides valuable insights into youth mental health in New Zealand by combining qualitative interviews with nurses and quantitative data from YouthCHAT. It explores the emotional response of nurses, barriers to accessing mental health services, the impact of social media, and associations between depression, anxiety, and other factors in youth mental health.  Conclusion The study shows the importance of addressing youth mental health issues and also recognising the crucial roles nurses play in addressing youth mental health within New Zealand.

text: An Insight into Youth Mental Health: A mixed methods research study of experiences and perceptions of youth mental health. Background: The mental health of youth within New Zealand is an imperative matter that needs to be immediately addressed.  The rates of youth struggling with their mental health is a concern for all health professional in New Zealand.   
Objectives: The objectives of this research are to firstly, look at what are common mental health issues that youth are currently living with. The second objective is to find out what the perceptions are that nurses have on youth mental health within New Zealand.  
Participants: The first part of this research examined quantitative data using the YouthCHAT instrument from 778 students from secondary schools within the Waikato and Coromandel regions. The second part of this research, comprised individual interviews  with eight nurses based in the Waikato. 
Methods: The study used a mixed methods design. The quantitative data was extracted from an existing YouthCHAT . This data was analysed through parsimonious modelling and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The data was examined utilising the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative data was generated by interviewing eight nurses about their perception of youth mental health. The findings from the interviews were analysed utilising a general inductive approach.  
Results: The research undertaken provides valuable insights into youth mental health in New Zealand by combining qualitative interviews with nurses and quantitative data from YouthCHAT. It explores the emotional response of nurses, barriers to accessing mental health services, the impact of social media, and associations between depression, anxiety, and other factors in youth mental health.  Conclusion The study shows the importance of addressing youth mental health issues and also recognising the crucial roles nurses play in addressing youth mental health within New Zealand.

year: 2023

title: Rahui and marine construction: Potential for enhancement of taonga species

authors: Fox, Danielle

subjects: Maori

abstract: The aims of my study were to investigate whether marine reserves enhance intertidal species used by Māori in a traditional or contemporary sense, and whether artificial structures in the intertidal region (such as wharf and bridge pilings) provide suitable habitats for traditionally harvested species. Further, I investigated whether non-indigenous species were found in these habitats, which may affect traditionally used species.
The abundance of ataata (cat's eyes; Turbo smaragdus) and kina (sea urchin; Evechinus chloroticus) were quantified in three marine protected areas and nearby unprotected reference beaches. Results from Mann-Whitney U comparisons suggested that kina were significantly enhanced inside the two marine reserves with total protection. Kina are released from harvest pressure inside these reserves and possibly from the effects of predation and competition. In one reserve ataata abundance was significantly lower and no difference was found for ataata in the second reserve. This species is not as heavily harvested as kina and may even be negatively affected by trampling inside reserves. Both kina and ataata showed no response to a partially protected marine park. Abundance of both non-indigenous species was not sufficient enough to be sampled and statistically quantified at the marine reserve sites. Biotic resistance may restrict the proliferation of non-indigenous species in rocky intertidal marine reserves. 
Intertidal fauna were scraped from concrete and wooden structures and were compared with fauna inhabiting nearby natural rocky reefs. Multi-dimensional scaling and ANOSIM was used to explore trends in the community composition of different study sites, and to illustrate which habitat types are more associated with traditionally used and non-indigenous species. The main results conclude that diverse communities are associated with natural habitats whereas constructed structures have limited fauna. Of the traditionally used species, the native rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) was found in relatively equal frequencies on artificial habitats and rocky reefs, and the non-indigenous oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was predominantly recorded on artificial structures and rare on natural substrates. The construction of artificial structures around New Zealand's coastline may assist in the spread of non-indigenous species, to the detriment of species traditionally used by Māori.

text: Rahui and marine construction: Potential for enhancement of taonga species The aims of my study were to investigate whether marine reserves enhance intertidal species used by Māori in a traditional or contemporary sense, and whether artificial structures in the intertidal region (such as wharf and bridge pilings) provide suitable habitats for traditionally harvested species. Further, I investigated whether non-indigenous species were found in these habitats, which may affect traditionally used species.
The abundance of ataata (cat's eyes; Turbo smaragdus) and kina (sea urchin; Evechinus chloroticus) were quantified in three marine protected areas and nearby unprotected reference beaches. Results from Mann-Whitney U comparisons suggested that kina were significantly enhanced inside the two marine reserves with total protection. Kina are released from harvest pressure inside these reserves and possibly from the effects of predation and competition. In one reserve ataata abundance was significantly lower and no difference was found for ataata in the second reserve. This species is not as heavily harvested as kina and may even be negatively affected by trampling inside reserves. Both kina and ataata showed no response to a partially protected marine park. Abundance of both non-indigenous species was not sufficient enough to be sampled and statistically quantified at the marine reserve sites. Biotic resistance may restrict the proliferation of non-indigenous species in rocky intertidal marine reserves. 
Intertidal fauna were scraped from concrete and wooden structures and were compared with fauna inhabiting nearby natural rocky reefs. Multi-dimensional scaling and ANOSIM was used to explore trends in the community composition of different study sites, and to illustrate which habitat types are more associated with traditionally used and non-indigenous species. The main results conclude that diverse communities are associated with natural habitats whereas constructed structures have limited fauna. Of the traditionally used species, the native rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) was found in relatively equal frequencies on artificial habitats and rocky reefs, and the non-indigenous oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was predominantly recorded on artificial structures and rare on natural substrates. The construction of artificial structures around New Zealand's coastline may assist in the spread of non-indigenous species, to the detriment of species traditionally used by Māori.

year: 2010