title: The last defence against gang crime: Exploring community approaches to gang member reintegration

authors: Tamatea, Armon J.

abstract: There is a need to recognise that gangs are a form of community with accompanying norms, values, processes and practices internal to those communities. Any behaviour change efforts with members of these groups would benefit from being “gang-informed”. However, a workable theory of gangs that informs about function, susceptibility to join, structure (and variations), processes of entry and exit, and outcome issues has yet to developed beyond general theories of crime and desistance. Strategic interventions that are informed by gang cultures – in addition to theories of crime and desistance – are suggested as a constructive area of further research.

text: The last defence against gang crime: Exploring community approaches to gang member reintegration There is a need to recognise that gangs are a form of community with accompanying norms, values, processes and practices internal to those communities. Any behaviour change efforts with members of these groups would benefit from being “gang-informed”. However, a workable theory of gangs that informs about function, susceptibility to join, structure (and variations), processes of entry and exit, and outcome issues has yet to developed beyond general theories of crime and desistance. Strategic interventions that are informed by gang cultures – in addition to theories of crime and desistance – are suggested as a constructive area of further research.

year: 2018

title: Correlates of tree species sorting along a temperature gradient in New Zealand rain forests: seedling functional traits, growth and shade tolerance

authors: Lusk, Christopher H.

subjects: competitive hierarchies

abstract: 1.	It is widely believed that species sorting on environmental gradients reflects trade-offs between competitive ability and physiological tolerance of stresses such as frost and desiccation. One specific expression of this general idea is the hypothesis that tree species sorting on temperature gradients in temperate regions involves a trade-off between growth rate and frost resistance, because adaptations to frost reduce light interception and carbon gain potential.
2.	We measured seedling growth of 17 New Zealand rain forest angiosperm trees in a glasshouse, as well as biomass partitioning, gas exchange and hydraulic traits. We then related these variables to the mean July (winter) minimum temperatures most frequently experienced throughout the range of each species.
3.	Species associated with mild winters on average had wider vessels and more conductive stems and were leafier (i.e. developed more foliage area per unit sapwood area) than species from frostier sites. Species' positions on the temperature gradient were not significantly correlated with relative growth rates of seedlings; they were, however, negatively correlated with two measures of species light requirements in the field: the light compensation point for growth, and low-light mortality rates obtained from the literature.
4.	Synthesis. Although seedling growth rates of warm- and cool-temperate New Zealand angiosperm trees were similar on average, the former are more shade tolerant. Competitive hierarchies associated with tree species sorting on temperature gradients thus probably involve a shift in the relationship between shade tolerance and growth rate, rather than a simple trade-off of growth with cold tolerance. This shift is associated with variation in light interception potential per unit of seedling biomass, possibly reflecting a trade-off between stem conductivity and resistance to freeze-thaw embolism.

text: Correlates of tree species sorting along a temperature gradient in New Zealand rain forests: seedling functional traits, growth and shade tolerance 1.	It is widely believed that species sorting on environmental gradients reflects trade-offs between competitive ability and physiological tolerance of stresses such as frost and desiccation. One specific expression of this general idea is the hypothesis that tree species sorting on temperature gradients in temperate regions involves a trade-off between growth rate and frost resistance, because adaptations to frost reduce light interception and carbon gain potential.
2.	We measured seedling growth of 17 New Zealand rain forest angiosperm trees in a glasshouse, as well as biomass partitioning, gas exchange and hydraulic traits. We then related these variables to the mean July (winter) minimum temperatures most frequently experienced throughout the range of each species.
3.	Species associated with mild winters on average had wider vessels and more conductive stems and were leafier (i.e. developed more foliage area per unit sapwood area) than species from frostier sites. Species' positions on the temperature gradient were not significantly correlated with relative growth rates of seedlings; they were, however, negatively correlated with two measures of species light requirements in the field: the light compensation point for growth, and low-light mortality rates obtained from the literature.
4.	Synthesis. Although seedling growth rates of warm- and cool-temperate New Zealand angiosperm trees were similar on average, the former are more shade tolerant. Competitive hierarchies associated with tree species sorting on temperature gradients thus probably involve a shift in the relationship between shade tolerance and growth rate, rather than a simple trade-off of growth with cold tolerance. This shift is associated with variation in light interception potential per unit of seedling biomass, possibly reflecting a trade-off between stem conductivity and resistance to freeze-thaw embolism.

year: 2013

title: Taunakitia Te Marae: A Te Arawa perspective of Marae wellbeing: Final Report

authors: Tiakiwai, Sarah-Jane

abstract: In collaboration with Nga Pae o te Maramatanga, Waikato Tainui College for Research and Development and Te Kotahi Research Institute, Te Arawa Tangata conducted a research project named Taunakitia Te Marae, aimed at understanding and enhancing the wellbeing of Te Arawa marae. The research took a marae-centred view of how marae can foster and support Te Arawa hapū and iwi wellbeing and development.

text: Taunakitia Te Marae: A Te Arawa perspective of Marae wellbeing: Final Report In collaboration with Nga Pae o te Maramatanga, Waikato Tainui College for Research and Development and Te Kotahi Research Institute, Te Arawa Tangata conducted a research project named Taunakitia Te Marae, aimed at understanding and enhancing the wellbeing of Te Arawa marae. The research took a marae-centred view of how marae can foster and support Te Arawa hapū and iwi wellbeing and development.

year: 2015