title: Should United States antitrust law be applied to state trading enterprises in agricultural trade?

authors: Kingsbury, Anna

subjects: law

abstract: In a number of countries, State Trading Enterprises (“STEs”) control agricultural exports to the United States. For antitrust purposes, export STEs may be characterized as cartels of producers colluding to fix prices into importing country markets. This Article considers the legal and policy issues involved in applying United States antitrust law extraterritorially to STEs. In order to analyze these issues, this article uses STEs in the New Zealand dairy industry as a case study. First, the nature of STEs and their legal status in international trade law will be discussed. The Article next considers the potential liability of STEs in United States antitrust law, with particular reference to the New Zealand Dairy Board and its successor company, “Fonterra.” Because these STEs could be characterized as price-fixing cartels, depending on findings of market definition and market power, United States courts would have antitrust jurisdiction, unless this jurisdiction was excluded by considerations of comity.
This Article also considers the broader issue of applying United States antitrust law to export STEs in their agricultural trade context, and the corresponding policy implications.

text: Should United States antitrust law be applied to state trading enterprises in agricultural trade? In a number of countries, State Trading Enterprises (“STEs”) control agricultural exports to the United States. For antitrust purposes, export STEs may be characterized as cartels of producers colluding to fix prices into importing country markets. This Article considers the legal and policy issues involved in applying United States antitrust law extraterritorially to STEs. In order to analyze these issues, this article uses STEs in the New Zealand dairy industry as a case study. First, the nature of STEs and their legal status in international trade law will be discussed. The Article next considers the potential liability of STEs in United States antitrust law, with particular reference to the New Zealand Dairy Board and its successor company, “Fonterra.” Because these STEs could be characterized as price-fixing cartels, depending on findings of market definition and market power, United States courts would have antitrust jurisdiction, unless this jurisdiction was excluded by considerations of comity.
This Article also considers the broader issue of applying United States antitrust law to export STEs in their agricultural trade context, and the corresponding policy implications.

year: 2005

title: Review: Steal Away Boy: Selected poems of David Mitchell

authors: Locke, Terry

subjects: poem

abstract: In 1985, out of a job and mouths to feed I was offered a reprieve by Jim Tully, then an editor at the Auckland Star, who suggested that I might work as a proof-reader at the newspaper. David Mitchell was one of my workmates. We exchanged few words, though we were acquainted with each other. Having read the editor’s introduction to Steal Away Boy: Selected poems of David Mitchell, I can see that he had begun a retreat into silence, into the kind of strategic withholding of self which appears to have characterised his relationship with editors who sought to pin his poems sprawling to some page or other. In this respect, Edmond and Roberts have done a superb job in enticing Mitchell out of the tomb.

text: Review: Steal Away Boy: Selected poems of David Mitchell In 1985, out of a job and mouths to feed I was offered a reprieve by Jim Tully, then an editor at the Auckland Star, who suggested that I might work as a proof-reader at the newspaper. David Mitchell was one of my workmates. We exchanged few words, though we were acquainted with each other. Having read the editor’s introduction to Steal Away Boy: Selected poems of David Mitchell, I can see that he had begun a retreat into silence, into the kind of strategic withholding of self which appears to have characterised his relationship with editors who sought to pin his poems sprawling to some page or other. In this respect, Edmond and Roberts have done a superb job in enticing Mitchell out of the tomb.

year: 2010

title: Te Kōtihitihi: Ngā Tuhinga Reo Māori, Putanga 3

authors: Temara, Pou

abstract: Koinei te katoa o te Putanga 3 o te puka hautaka, Te Kōtihitihi.

text: Te Kōtihitihi: Ngā Tuhinga Reo Māori, Putanga 3 Koinei te katoa o te Putanga 3 o te puka hautaka, Te Kōtihitihi.

year: 2016