din0s/asqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Where does the flow of energy in an ecosystem begin?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Where does the flow of energy in an ecosystem originate?|Where does the flow of energy in an ecosystem start?|Where does the flow of energy begin in an ecosystem?
short_answers: the Sun
Solar Energy
context: The total solar energy absorbed by Earth's atmosphere, oceans and land masses is approximately 3,850,000 exajoules (EJ) per year. In 2002, this was more energy in one hour than the world used in one year. Photosynthesis captures approximately 3,000 EJ per year in biomass. The amount of solar energy reaching the surface of the planet is so vast that in one year it is about twice as much as will ever be obtained from all of the Earth's non-renewable resources of coal, oil, natural gas, and mined uranium combined,
question: Where is the first step in the flow of energy in an ecosystem when it reaches earth??
short_answers: Solar energy is fixed by the photoautotrophs
Photosynthesis
wikipage: Solar energy

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis.
wikipage: Solar energy
content: Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that, through cellular respiration, can later be released to fuel the organism's activities.
wikipage: Photosynthesis
long_answer: The flow of energy in an ecosystem originates from solar energy, which is radiant light and heat from the Sun, and the first step in the flow of energy in an ecosystem when it reaches Earth is photosynthesis, a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy.
Question: Worlds tallest flying bird mate with a single partner?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: The sarus crane is easily distinguished from other cranes in the region by the overall grey colour and the contrasting red head and upper neck. They forage on marshes and shallow wetlands for roots, tubers, insects, crustaceans, and small vertebrate prey. Like other cranes, they form long-lasting pair bonds and maintain territories within which they perform territorial and courtship displays that include loud trumpeting, leaps, and dance-like movements. In India, they are considered symbols of marital fidelity, believed to mate for life and pine the loss of their mates even to the point of starving to death.
question: Does the worlds tallest flying bird, the sarus crane, generally mate with a single partner?
short_answers: believed to mate for life
yes
wikipage: Sarus crane
context: The nests can be more than 2 m (6 ft) in diameter and nearly 1 m (3 ft) high. Pairs show high fidelity to the nest site, often refurbishing and reusing a nest for as many as five breeding seasons. The clutch is one or two eggs (rarely three or four) which are incubated by both sexes for about 31 days (range 26–35 days). Eggs are chalky white and weigh about 240 grams. When disturbed from the nest, parents may sometimes attempt to conceal the eggs by attempting to cover them with material from the edge of the nest. The eggshells are removed by the parents after the chicks hatch either by carrying away the fragments or by swallowing them. About 30% of all breeding pairs succeed in raising chicks in any year, and most of the successful pairs raise one or two chicks each, with brood sizes of three being rare. One survey in Australia found 60% of breeding pairs to have successfully fledged chicks. This high success rate is attributed to above-normal rainfall that year. The chicks are fed by the parents for the first few days, but are able to feed independently after that and follow their parents for food. When alarmed, the parent cranes use a low "korr-rr" call that signals chicks to freeze and lie still. Young birds stay with their parents until the subsequent breeding season. In captivity, birds breed only after their fifth year. The sarus crane is widely believed to pair for life, but cases of "divorce" and mate replacement have been recorded.
question: Does the worlds tallest flying bird, the sarus crane, always mate with a single partner?
short_answers: pair for life, but cases of "divorce" and mate replacement have been recorded
no
wikipage: Sarus crane

Long-form answers:
long_answer: Yes, the world's tallest flying bird, the sarus crane, generally mates with a single partner and is widely believed to pair for life, but cases of "divorce" and mate replacement have been recorded.
Question: Who owns rehabilitation center at hollywood hills llc?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015. 
question: Who owned The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills prior to 2015?
short_answers: Jack Michel
wikipage: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills
context: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills was a private nursing home located in Hollywood, Florida, United States with 152 beds. It was owned by Jack Michel and affiliated with Larkin Community Hospital. It was acquired by Hollywood Property Investments in 2015. 
question: Who owns The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills after 2015?
short_answers: Hollywood Property Investments
wikipage: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: An emergency order on Wednesday, September 20, 2017 by the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration (AHCA) suspended the home's license to operate, after the deaths in the aftermath of Irma.[17] On the same day, the facility closed permanently, laying off 245 people.
wikipage: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills
long_answer: The Rehabilitation Center at Hollywood Hills nursing home in Hollywood, Florida, was owned by Jack Michel prior to 2015 and owned by Hollywood Property Investments after 2015, the year Hollywood Property Investments acquired it. The facility closed permanently on September 20, 2017.
Question: When did britain give hong kong to china?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: At what time did britain give hong kong to china?
short_answers: midnight
context: Consequently, because ceding Hong Kong came at the end of half a century of decolonisation, and because the handover meant that the United Kingdom became without significant overseas territories, dominions, or colonies for the first time in its history (Great Britain, having been bequeathed the incipient domains of its later empire by inheriting the colonial possessions of the Kingdom of England upon the passing of the Acts of Union 1707, always having been an imperial power, ab initio) the handover of Hong Kong to China is regarded by some as marking the conclusion of the British Empire, with 1 July 1997 being its end date and the handover ceremony being its last diplomatic act.
question: On what date did britain give hong kong to china?
short_answers: 1 July 1997
wikipage: Handover of Hong Kong

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: The Hong Kong handover, domestically known as the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, was the formal passing of authority over the territory of the colony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the former colony. 
wikipage: Handover of Hong Kong
long_answer: On 1 July 1997 at midnight, Britain gave Hong Kong to China. The handover, domestically known as the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, was the formal passing of authority over the territory of the colony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, ending the 156 years of British rule in the former colony.
Question: Who is the all-time passing leader in the nfl?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who is the all-time passing leader in the NFL in the regular season?
short_answers: Drew Brees
context: No context provided
question: Who is the all-time passing leader in the NFL, including the playoffs?
short_answers: Tom Brady

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Drew Christopher Brees (/briːz/;[1] born January 15, 1979) is a former American football quarterback who played in the National Football League (NFL) for 20 seasons.[2] A member of the New Orleans Saints for most of his career, Brees is the NFL leader in career pass completions, career completion percentage, and regular season passing yards, along with being second in career touchdown passes and career pass attempts
wikipage: Drew Brees
content: Thomas Edward Patrick Brady Jr. (born August 3, 1977) is an American football player who is a quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League (NFL). He spent his first 20 seasons with the New England Patriots, where he was a central contributor to the franchise's dynasty from 2001 to 2019. Brady is widely considered to be the greatest quarterback of all time.[1]
wikipage: Tom Brady
long_answer: Drew Brees is a former American football quarterback who played in the NFL for 20 seasons as a member of the New Orleans Saints for most of his career, and is the NFL leader in career pass completions, career completion percentage, and regular season passing yards, as well as being second in career touchdown passes and career pass attempts. Tom Brady is an American football player who is a quarterback for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, but his first 20 seasons were with the New England Patriots, where he was a central contributor to the franchise's dynasty from 2001 to 2019, and is widely considered to be the greatest quarterback of all time. Never having a losing season, he is the NFL leader in career quarterback with 264 wins, 230 quarterback regular-season wins, 24 quarterback playoff wins, and 5 Super Bowl MVP awards, as well as the only Super Bowl MVP for two different teams.
Question: What can you get a technical foul for?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: What is the general thing you can get a technical foul for?
short_answers: unsportsmanlike conduct
context: No context provided
question: What are specific things you can get a technical foul for?
short_answers: Profane language, taunting, fighting, goaltending a free throw, and flopping.

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: In basketball, a technical foul (colloquially known as a "T" or a "Tech") is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact during the course of play between opposing players on the court, or is a foul by a non-player.
wikipage: Technical foul
long_answer: You can get a technical foul for several things. Unsportsmanlike conduct is the general thing you can get one for, while specific things you can get one for include profane language, taunting, fighting, goaltending a free throw, and flopping. In basketball, a technical foul is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul that doesn't involve physical contact during play between opposing players on the court or is a foul by a non-player.
Question: When does bloom by troye sivan come out?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: When did the song Bloom by Troye Sivan come out?
short_answers: May 2, 2018
context: No context provided
question: When did the album Bloom by Troye Sivan come out?
short_answers: August 31, 2018

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Bloom is the second studio album by Australian singer and songwriter Troye Sivan, released on 31 August 2018 through EMI Music Australia and Capitol Records.
wikipage: Bloom (Troye Sivan album)
content: The title track "Bloom", a song about anal sex, which was promoted by the hashtag ‘#BopsBoutBottoming’ that was trending on Twitter,[9] was released on 2 May as the third single
wikipage: Bloom (Troye Sivan album)
long_answer: Bloom is the second studio album by Australian singer and songwriter Troye Sivan. This album was released on August 31, 2018 through EMI Music Australia and Capitol Records. The album's title track Bloom, a song about anal sex, was promoted using the hashtag ‘#BopsBoutBottoming, which was trending on Twitter. The song Bloom was released on May 2, 2018 as the third single from Sivan's album Bloom.
Question: Where does drag me to hell take place?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: In present-day Los Angeles, bank loan officer Christine Brown vies for a promotion with conniving Stu Rubin. Her boss advises her to demonstrate tough decision-making. An elderly and disheveled European 'gypsy' woman, Sylvia Ganush, asks for a third extension on her mortgage, but Christine denies her. Ganush begs on her knees to not repossess her house, cries, and makes a sad spectacle. Security arrives as she recomposes herself, accusing Christine of "shaming" her.
question: Where does drag me to hell take place in the present-day?
short_answers: Los Angeles
wikipage: Drag Me to Hell
context: In 1969 Pasadena, a Hispanic couple seeks the aid of a young medium named Shaun San Dena, saying their son is ill and hears evil voices after stealing a silver necklace from a "gypsy wagon", despite trying to return it. San Dena carries out a séance, but they are attacked by an unseen force that drags the boy to Hell. San Dena vows to fight the demon again one day.
question: Where does drag me to hell take place in 1969?
short_answers: Pasadena
wikipage: Drag Me to Hell
context: No context provided
question: Where does drag me to hell filming take place?
short_answers: Tarzana, California

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Drag Me to Hell is a 2009 American supernatural horror film co-written and directed by Sam Raimi.
wikipage: Drag Me to Hell
content: Pasadena (/ˌpæsəˈdiːnə/) is a city in Los Angeles County, California, 11 miles (18 km) northeast of downtown Los Angeles.
wikipage: Pasadena, California
content: Tarzana /tɑːrˈzænə/ is a suburban neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.
wikipage: Tarzana, Los Angeles
long_answer: The 2009 film Drag Me to Hell took place in the present day in Los Angeles, while it took place in 1969 in the city of Pasadena in Los Angeles County, and filming on the film took place in Tarzana, California, a suburban neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley region of Los Angeles, California.
Question: Who led the british in the battle of princeton?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who led the british to charge with bayonets in the battle of princeton?
short_answers: Charles Mawhood
Lt. Col. Charles Mawhood
context: The Battle of Princeton was a battle of the American Revolutionary War, fought near Princeton, New Jersey on January 3, 1777, and ending in a small victory for the Colonials. General Lord Cornwallis had left 1,400 British troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood in Princeton. Following a surprise attack at Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army decided to attack the British in New Jersey before entering the winter quarters. On December 30, he crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey. His troops followed on January 3, 1777. Washington advanced to Princeton by a back road, where he pushed back a smaller British force but had to retreat before Cornwallis arrived with reinforcements. The battles of Trenton and Princeton were a boost to the morale of the patriot cause, leading many recruits to join the Continental Army in the spring.
question: Who led the british reinforcements in the battle of princeton?
short_answers: Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
Colonials. General Lord Cornwallis
Charles Cornwallis
wikipage: Battle of Princeton

Long-form answers:
long_answer: Following a surprise attack at Trenton early in the morning of December 26, 1776, General George Washington of the Continental Army decided to attack the British in New Jersey before entering the winter quarters, so on December 30, he crossed the Delaware River back into New Jersey. His troops followed on January 3, 1777, and Washington advanced to Princeton by a back road, where he pushed back a smaller British force, but had to retreat before General Lord Charles Cornwallis arrived with reinforcements. The General had left 1,400 British troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Charles Mawhood, and the battle ended in small victory for the Colonials.
Question: Who sings the song somewhere over the rainbow?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who sings "Over the Rainbow" in 1939?
short_answers: Judy Garland
context: No context provided
question: Who sang the 1993 version of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow"?
short_answers: Israel Kamakawiwo'ole
context: No context provided
question: Who sang the 2001 version of "Over the Rainbow"?
short_answers: Eva Cassidy
context: No context provided
question: Who sang the 2010 version of "Over the Rainbow"?
short_answers: Danielle Hope
context: No context provided
question: Who sang the April 7, 2017 version of "Over the Rainbow"?
short_answers: Pentatonix
context: No context provided
question: Who sang the version of "Over the Rainbow" released in June 6, 2017?
short_answers: Ariana Grande

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: "Over the Rainbow" is a ballad composed by Harold Arlen with lyrics by Yip Harburg.[1] It was written for the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz and was sung by actress Judy Garland[2] in her starring role as Dorothy Gale.
wikipage: Over the Rainbow
long_answer: There have been several singers of the ballad Over the Rainbow and versions of it. Actress Judy Garland sang it in 1939. Versions of the song include a 2001 version sung by Eva Cassidy, a 2010 version sung by Danielle Hope, an April 7, 2017, version sung by Pentatonix, and a version released on June 6, 2017, sung by Ariana Grande. Israel Kamakawiwo'ole sang the 1993 version of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow."
Question: Who played penny in inspector gadget the movie?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who played Penny in the movie Inspector Gadget?
short_answers: Michelle Trachtenberg
context: No context provided
question: Who played Penny in the movie Inspector Gadget 2?
short_answers: Caitlin Wachs
context: No context provided
question: Who played Penny in the animated movie Inspector Gadget's Last Case?
short_answers: Tegan Moss
context: 2005's "Inspector Gadget's Biggest Caper Ever" was the first "Inspector Gadget" animated production to be completely rendered using 3D computer animation. It returned Gadget to his familiar trenchcoat from the original series. Brain is also back in his old role, while Penny is now 16 years old. Gadget is again voiced by Maurice LaMarche and Penny and Claw are once again voiced by Tegan Moss and Brian Drummond, while Bernie Mac voices the Gadgetmobile. The plot features Dr. Claw breaking out of jail with the help of a specially hired Scottish agent named Bombaboy. He and Bombaboy seek out a pterodactyl to get revenge on his captors and launch yet another scheme to conquer the world. Production on the film was announced on May 2004, under the working title "Inspector Gadget Saves the Day... Maybe", and the film was released on September 6, 2005 by Lions Gate Home Entertainment. It was originally intended to be the first in a series of several animated "Inspector Gadget" movies, but due to weak sales, no subsequent films were released.
question: Who played Penny in the animated movie Inspector Gadget's Biggest Caper Ever?
short_answers: Tegan Moss
wikipage: Inspector Gadget

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content:  Caitlin Wachs portrays her in the sequel.
wikipage: Inspector Gadget
long_answer: Different actress played the character Penny in the movie Inspector Gadget. Michelle Trachtenberg played Penny in the movie Inspector Gadget while Caitlin Wachs portrays her in the sequel called Inspector Gadget 2. Tegan Moss played as Penny in the animated films Inspector Gadget's Last Case and Inspector Gadget's Biggest Caper Ever.
Question: Who was the cartoon dog that loved treats?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: Snuffles appeared in seven Quick Draw McGraw cartoons and one Snagglepuss cartoon: He also made an appearance on the "Johnny Bravo" episode "Double Vision".
question: Who was the cartoon dog that loved treats from the Quick draw mcgraw show?
short_answers: Snuffles
wikipage: Snuffles (character)
context: Don Messick originated the character's speech patterns and provided Scooby-Doo's voice in every "Scooby-Doo" production from 1969 until his retirement in 1996. Voice actor Hadley Kay voiced the character for a brief period in 1997, for two episodes of "Johnny Bravo", and a few television commercials. Scott Innes (also the then-voice of Shaggy) voiced Scooby-Doo in four late 1990s/early 2000s direct-to-video films and continued to voice the character regularly for toys and video games (such as "Scooby-Doo! Night of 100 Frights") until 2008. Neil Fanning provided the voice of the computer-generated Scooby-Doo in the 2002 live-action film and its . Frank Welker (also the voice of Fred since 1969) has voiced Scooby since 2002, taking over beginning with "What's New, Scooby-Doo?" and other spin-offs including the live-action prequels "Scooby-Doo! The Mystery Begins" and "Scooby-Doo! Curse of the Lake Monster". Dave Coulier and Seth Green have both voiced the character in "Robot Chicken".
question: Who was the cartoon dog that loved treats from Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!?
short_answers: Scooby-doo
Scoobert Scooby-Doo
wikipage: Scooby-Doo (character)

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Snuffles is a bloodhound used by Quick Draw McGraw to ferret out bad guys in the old West but needed to be bribed with a dog biscuit before performing his task.
wikipage: Snuffles (character)
content: The Quick Draw McGraw Show is an American animated television series produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions, and their third television series overall after The Ruff and Reddy Show and The Huckleberry Hound Show.
wikipage: The Quick Draw McGraw Show
content: He is a male Great Dane and lifelong companion of amateur detective Shaggy Rogers, with whom he shares many personality traits.
wikipage: Scooby-Doo (character)
content: Scooby-Doo, Where Are You![4] is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Hanna-Barbera for CBS.
wikipage: Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!
long_answer: There are several cartoon dogs that loved treats, including Snuffles, who was a bloodhound from the animated TV series The Quick Draw McGraw Show, and Scooby-doo, who was a Great Dane from the animated TV series Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!
Question: When is thanksgiving what day is thanksgiving on?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: What day is thanksgiving on in 2017?
short_answers: November 23 2017
November 23
context: No context provided
question: What day is thanksgiving on in 2016?
short_answers: November 24
November 24 2016
context: No context provided
question: What day is thanksgiving on in 2015?
short_answers: November 26
November 26 2015

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States, celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November.
wikipage: Thanksgiving (United States)
long_answer: Thanksgiving is a federal holiday in the United States and is celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November each year instead of on a specific date. The fourth Thursday of November doesn't fall on the same date each year. In 2015, Thanksgiving fell on November 26, the next year it fell on November 24, and in 2017 Thanksgiving was celebrated on November 23.
Question: Red flag is the newspaper of which country?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Which country is the newspaper called Red flag of in Oceanic region?
short_answers: Australia
Commonwealth of Australia
context: No context provided
question: Which country is the newspaper called Red flag founded in 1928?
short_answers: Japan
context: No context provided
question: Which country is the newspaper called Red flag founded in 1958?
short_answers: People's Republic of China
China

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Red Flag is an Australian newspaper which is published bi-weekly by the Trotskyist organisation Socialist Alternative.
wikipage: Red Flag (newspaper)
content: The first edition of the Red Flag was published on 12 June 2013.
wikipage: Red Flag (newspaper)
content: Shimbun Akahata (しんぶん赤旗, Shinbun Akahata, lit. Newspaper Red Flag) is the daily organ of the Japanese Communist Party in the form of a national newspaper.
wikipage: Shimbun Akahata
content: The Red Flag (Chinese: 红旗; pinyin: Hóngqí) was a theoretical political journal published by the Chinese Communist Party.
wikipage: Red Flag (magazine)
long_answer: Globally, there are several news publications known as "Red Flag". The oldest is the Shimbun Akahata, founded in 1928 as the daily newspaper of the Communist Party of Japan. Other publications entitled Red Flag include a theoretical political journal published by the Communist Party of China beginning in 1958 and a Trotskyist Australian newspaper founded in 2013.
Question: Where is the villi located in the small intestine?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: The ileum is the third and final part of the small intestine. It follows the jejunum and ends at the ileocecal junction, where the terminal ileum communicates with the cecum of the large intestine through the ileocecal valve. The ileum, along with the jejunum, is suspended inside the mesentery, a peritoneal formation that carries the blood vessels supplying them (the superior mesenteric artery and vein), lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers.
question: On which mid-sectional part of the small intestine, are some villi located?
short_answers: jejunum
wikipage: Ileum
context: The ileum is the third and final part of the small intestine. It follows the jejunum and ends at the ileocecal junction, where the terminal ileum communicates with the cecum of the large intestine through the ileocecal valve. The ileum, along with the jejunum, is suspended inside the mesentery, a peritoneal formation that carries the blood vessels supplying them (the superior mesenteric artery and vein), lymphatic vessels and nerve fibers.
question: On which final part of the small intestine, are some villi located?
short_answers: ileum
wikipage: Ileum
context: No context provided
question: What layer of the mucous membrane is the villi located in the small intestine?
short_answers: epithelium

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine.
wikipage: Intestinal villus
long_answer: Intestinal villi are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. In the small intestine, villi are located in the epithelium layer of the mucous membrane. Some villi are located in the jejunum part of the small intestine and some are located in the ileum part of the small intestine.
Question: Who is the most winning driver in nascar?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who is the most winning driver in nascar as of 2017?
short_answers: Richard Petty
context: No context provided
question: Who is the most winning driver in nascar as of 30 April 1967?
short_answers: Lee Petty
Richard Petty
context: No context provided
question: Who is the most winning driver in nascar as of 20 November 1960?
short_answers: Lee Petty

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Richard Lee Petty (born July 2, 1937), nicknamed "The King", is an American former stock car racing driver who raced from 1958 to 1992 in the former NASCAR Grand National and Winston Cup Series (now called the NASCAR Cup Series), most notably driving the No. 43 Plymouth/Pontiac for Petty Enterprises.
wikipage: Richard Petty
content: Petty is a second-generation driver. His father, Lee Petty, won the first Daytona 500 in 1959 and was also a three-time NASCAR champion.
wikipage: Richard Petty
content: Lee Arnold Petty (March 14, 1914 – April 5, 2000)[2] was an American stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s. He was one of the pioneers of NASCAR and one of its first superstars. He was NASCAR's first three-time Cup champion.
wikipage: Lee Petty
long_answer: As of 2017, former stock car racing driver Richard Petty is the most winning driver in NASCAR. Lee Petty, Richard's father, was a stock car racing driver who competed during the 1950s and 1960s and was NASCAR's first three-time Cup champion. On 30 April 1967, Lee Petty had been the most winning NASCAR driver along with Richard Petty.
Question: What books of the bible are included in the torah?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: What are the individual books of the bible that are included in the torah?
short_answers: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy
context: Christian scholars usually refer to the first five books of the Hebrew Bible as the 'Pentateuch' (, "pentáteuchos", 'five scrolls'), a term first used in the Hellenistic Judaism of Alexandria.
question: What is the Christian term for the books of the bible that are included in the torah?
short_answers: Pentateuch
wikipage: Torah

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: The Torah (/ˈtɔːrə, ˈtoʊrə/; Hebrew: תּוֹרָה‎, "Instruction", "Teaching" or "Law") includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.[1] When used in that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah. If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll (Sefer Torah).
wikipage: Torah
long_answer: The Torah includes the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely: Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. When used in that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah. If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll.
Question: Who sang i saw mama kissing santa claus?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who most notably sang i saw mama kissing santa claus in 1952?
short_answers: Jimmy Boyd
Jimmy Devon Boyd
Boyd
context: A less successful version of the song was released in 1952 by Spike Jones (with vocal by George Rock in the little boy voice used in Spike's hit "All I Want For Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth"). Jones also recorded a parody for his personal pleasure titled "I Saw Mommy Screwing Santa Claus."
question: Who sang a less successful version of i saw mama kissing santa claus in 1952?
short_answers: Rock
Spike Jones and George Rock
wikipage: I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus
context: Jackson 5 Christmas Album is the first Christmas studio album (and fourth overall) by Motown family quintet the Jackson 5, released in October 1970. Included on the "Christmas Album" is the Jackson 5's hit single version of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town". The Jackson 5's versions of "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus" and "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town" remain frequent radio requests during the Christmas season. The album spent all four weeks at the number one position on "Billboard" magazine's special Christmas Albums chart that the magazine published in December 1970, making it the best-selling Christmas album of that year and also year 1972. This album was a top seller and would have charted high on the "Billboard" 200, but from 1963 to 1973, holiday albums were not allowed to chart. It has sold over 3.5 million copies worldwide. The album has also been praised by critics. 
question: Who sang i saw mama kissing santa claus in 1970?
short_answers: Jackson 5
the Jackson 5
wikipage: Jackson 5 Christmas Album

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Jimmy Devon Boyd (January 9, 1939 – March 7, 2009) was an American singer, musician, and actor known for his recording of the song "I Saw Mommy Kissing Santa Claus".
wikipage: Jimmy Boyd
content: Lindley Armstrong "Spike" Jones (December 14, 1911 – May 1, 1965)[1] was an American musician and bandleader specializing in spoof arrangements of popular songs and classical music.
wikipage: Spike Jones
long_answer: There are several singers of I Saw Mama Kissing Santa Claus. American singer Jimmy Boyd most notably sung it in 1952, while American musician Spike Jones and George Rock sang a less successful version of it in 1952. In 1970, it was sung by the Motown family quintet the Jackson 5.
Question: Who played the girl in the movie my girl?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who played the girl in the 1991 movie my girl?
short_answers: Anna Maria Chlumsky
Chlumsky
Anna Chlumsky
context: My Girl 2 is a 1994 American comedy-drama film starring Anna Chlumsky, Dan Aykroyd, Christine Ebersole, Jamie Lee Curtis, Richard Masur, and Austin O'Brien and a sequel to "My Girl" (1991). A book based on the script was written by Patricia Hermes in 1994.
question: Who played the girl in the 1994 movie my girl 2?
short_answers: Anna Maria Chlumsky
Chlumsky
Anna Chlumsky
wikipage: My Girl 2

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Anna Maria Chlumsky[1] (/ˈklʌmski/; born December 3, 1980[2]) is an American actress. She began her career as a child actress, best known playing the lead role of Vada Sultenfuss in My Girl (1991) and its 1994 sequel. Between 1999 and 2005, Chlumsky's career entered a hiatus while she attended college. She returned to acting with roles in several independent films, including Blood Car (2007) and In the Loop (2009). From 2012 to 2019, Chlumsky portrayed Amy Brookheimer on the HBO television series Veep, for which she has received six nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.
wikipage: Anna Chlumsky
long_answer: American actress Anna Maria Chlumsky played the lead role of Vada Sultenfuss in the movie My Girl, which came out in 1991, as well as its 1994 sequel. Since then, she took a break from acting to attend college. She later returned to acting with roles in several independent films, including Blood Car in 2007 and In the Loop in 2009. From 2012 to 2019, Chlumsky portrayed Amy Brookheimer on the HBO television series Veep, for which she has received six nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series.
Question: Who played wonder woman's mother on the tv series?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: Since Waggoner returned in a technically new role, Diana's mother Hippolyta was the only other first season character to be seen or mentioned, though she was played by a new actress, Beatrice Straight, succeeding Carolyn Jones and Cloris Leachman in the role. The post-war fates of General Phil Blankenship, Etta Candy, and Drusilla / Wonder Girl were never revealed.
question: Who played Wonder Woman's mother in the episodes  "The Feminum Mystique: Parts 1 & 2" and "Wonder Woman in Hollywood" of the TV series Wonder Woman?
short_answers: Carolyn Jones
wikipage: Wonder Woman (TV series)
context: Since Waggoner returned in a technically new role, Diana's mother Hippolyta was the only other first season character to be seen or mentioned, though she was played by a new actress, Beatrice Straight, succeeding Carolyn Jones and Cloris Leachman in the role. The post-war fates of General Phil Blankenship, Etta Candy, and Drusilla / Wonder Girl were never revealed.
question: Who played Wonder Woman's mother in the episode "The New Original Wonder Woman" of the TV series Wonder Woman?
short_answers: Cloris Leachman
wikipage: Wonder Woman (TV series)

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Wonder Woman, later known for seasons 2 and 3 as The New Adventures of Wonder Woman, is an American superhero television series based on the DC Comics comic book superhero of the same name.
wikipage: Wonder Woman (TV series)
content: Her mother, the Amazon queen (Cloris Leachman; succeeded by Carolyn Jones and Beatrice Straight in later episodes), decrees that Olympic-style games shall be held to select one Amazon to return Trevor back to America.
long_answer: Different actresses played the part of Wonder Woman's mother, Queen Hippolyta, in the Wonder Woman TV series and The New Adventures of Wonder Woman TV series. Carolyn Jones played Hippolyta in The Feminine Mystique: Parts 1 & 2, and in the episode called Wonder Woman in Hollywood. Cloris Leachman played Hippolyta in the episode, The New Original Wonder Woman. Actress Beatrice Straight also played Hippolyta.
Question: When did the night before christmas come out?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: When did the American silent short film Night Before Christmas movie come out?
short_answers: December 16, 1905
context: No context provided
question: When did the Russian silent film the Night Before Christmas come out?
short_answers: December 26, 1913
context: No context provided
question: When did the Russian feature animated film The Night Before Christmas come out?
short_answers: January 1, 1951

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: The Night Before Christmas (Russian: Ночь передъ Рождествомъ, Noch pered Rozhdestvom) is a 1913 silent film made in the Russian Empire by Ladislas Starevich, based on the tale of the same name by Nikolai Gogol. Unlike most of Starevich's films, it is mainly live-action.
wikipage: The Night Before Christmas (1913 film)
content: The Night Before Christmas is a 1905 American silent short film directed by Edwin S. Porter for the Edison Manufacturing Company.[1] It closely follows Clement Clarke Moore's 1823 poem Twas the Night Before Christmas, and was the first film production of the poem.
wikipage: The Night Before Christmas (1905 film)
content: The Night Before Christmas (Russian: Ночь пе́ред Рождество́м, Noch pered Rozhdestvom)[1] is a 1951 Russian animated feature film directed by the "grandmothers of the Russian animation", Brumberg sisters, and produced by the Soyuzmultfilm studio in Moscow. The film is based on Nikolai Gogol's story The Night Before Christmas. In big degree it was succeeded to present in this screen version of the story of the same name on the screen national color of the Ukrainian village.
wikipage: The Night Before Christmas (1951 film)
content: The Nightmare Before Christmas originated in a poem written by Burton in 1982 while he was working as an animator at Walt Disney Productions.
wikipage: The Nightmare Before Christmas
long_answer: The 1905 American silent short film titled The Night Before Christmas, that closely follows Clement Clarke Moore's 1823 poem Twas the Night Before Christmas, the first film production of the poem, was released on December 16, 1905. There was also a The Night Before Christmas 1913 silent live action film made in the Russian Empire by Ladislas Starevich, and based on the tale of the same name by Nikolai Gogol, that came out December 26, 1913. The Night Before Christmas is a Russian animated feature film that came out January 1, 1951, directed by the "grandmothers of the Russian animation", Brumberg sisters, and produced by the Soyuzmult film studio in Moscow. The film is based on Nikolai Gogol's story The Night Before Christmas and it was succeeded to present in this screen version of the story of the same name on the screen national color of the Ukrainian village.
Question: Who played george bailey in it's a wonderful life?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who played adult george bailey in it's a wonderful life?
short_answers: James Maitland Stewart
James Stewart
context: No context provided
question: Who played child george bailey in it's a wonderful life?
short_answers: Robert James Anderson
Bobby Anderson

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas family fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift, which Philip Van Doren Stern self-published in 1943 and is in turn loosely based on the 1843 Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol.[4]
wikipage: It's a Wonderful Life
content: George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.
wikipage: George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)
content: Bailey is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child, and is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's 1943 booklet The Greatest Gift.[1]
wikipage: George Bailey (It's a Wonderful Life)
long_answer: It's a Wonderful Life is a 1946 American Christmas family fantasy drama film produced and directed by Frank Capra, based on the short story and booklet The Greatest Gift, which Philip Van Doren Stern self-published in 1943 and is in turn loosely based on the 1843 Charles Dickens novella A Christmas Carol. George Bailey is a fictional character and the protagonist in Frank Capra's 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life. Bailey is played by James Stewart as an adult and Bobby Anderson as a child, and is loosely based on George Pratt, a character in Philip Van Doren Stern's 1943 booklet The Greatest Gift.
Question: Who plays jack abbott on young and the restless?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who plays jack abbott on young and the restless from 1980-1989?
short_answers: Lester
Terry Lester
context: No context provided
question: Who plays jack abbott on young and the restless from 1989-present?
short_answers: Bergman
Peter Bergman
Peter Michael Bergman
context: No context provided
question: Who plays jack abbott on young and the restless from 2017-2018?
short_answers: Graham Taylor
context: No context provided
question: Who currently plays Jack Abbott on Young and the Restless?
short_answers: Peter Bergman
context: No context provided
question: Who played Jack Abbott on Young and the Restless from 1980-1989?
short_answers: Terry Lester
context: No context provided
question: Who played Jack Abbott on Young and the Restless from 2017-2018?
short_answers: Graham Taylor

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Jack is known for his longstanding feud with the Newman family patriarch, Victor Newman as well as his romances with Nikki Newman, Phyllis Summers and Sharon Newman. Jack has represented the Abbott family as the patriarch since the 2006 passing of his father, John Abbott.
wikipage: Jack Abbott (The Young and the Restless) cite note-Moved-6
content: In 1989, Lester quit out of anger, as he felt that Jack was being "squeezed" out of the storyline, and was upset that Lauralee Bell's character Christine Blair was moved to the forefront of several storylines.
wikipage: Jack Abbott (The Young and the Restless) cite note-Moved-6
content: At the time, Bergman, who had rose to super stardom as Dr. Cliff Warner on All My Children, had recently been fired.
wikipage: Jack Abbott (The Young and the Restless) cite note-Moved-6
content: He made his debut on November 27, 1989.
wikipage: Jack Abbott (The Young and the Restless) cite note-Moved-6
long_answer: Jack Abbot is a character on the soap opera, Young and the Restless known for having a long standing feud with the Newman family patriarch, Victor Newman. The character was introduced in 1980 with Terry Lester in the role. Lester made his last appearance on September 1, 1989 after quitting feeling that Jack was being "squeezed" out of the story line. Peter Bergman took over the role after being fired from All My Children where he rose to super stardom as Dr. Cliff Warner. He made his debut on November 27, 1989.  Graham Taylor also played Jack Abbott from 2017-2018.
Question: Who is lauren on young and the restless?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: What is Lauren's full name on Young and the Restless?
short_answers: Lauren Fenmore Baldwin
Lauren Fenmore
context: No context provided
question: Who has played Lauren on Young and the Restless?
short_answers: Tracey E. Bregman, Caryn Richman

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Lauren Fenmore Baldwin (formerly Williams and Grainger) is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. Introduced by William J. Bell, the character made her debut during the episode airing on January 25, 1983, portrayed by Tracey E. Bregman.
wikipage: Lauren Fenmore
content: Actress Caryn Richman briefly played Lauren during Bregman's maternity leave in 1991.
wikipage: Lauren Fenmore
long_answer: Lauren Fenmore Baldwin (formerly Williams and Grainger) is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. Introduced by William J. Bell, the character made her debut during the episode airing on January 25, 1983, portrayed by Tracey E. Bregman. Actress Caryn Richman briefly played Lauren during Bregman's maternity leave in 1991.
Question: Prime minister of st. vincent and the grenadines?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: Who is the Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from 2001-present?
short_answers: Ralph Gonsalves
context: No context provided
question: Who is the Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from 2000-March 2001?
short_answers: Arnhim Eustace
context: No context provided
question: Who is the Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from July 1984-October 2000?
short_answers: Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell
context: No context provided
question: Who is the Prime Minister of St. Vincent and the Grenadines from October 1979 - July 1984?
short_answers: Milton Cato

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (/ˌɡrɛnəˈdiːnz/ (About this soundlisten)) is an island country in the Caribbean.
wikipage: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
long_answer: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island country in the Caribbean. Ralph Gonsalves has been the Prime Minister of the island since 2001. Prior to that, Arnhim Eustace was Prime Minister from October 2000 to March 2001. Preceding Eustace was Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell from July 1984 to October 2000 and Milton Cato from October 1979 to July 1984.
Question: How many current amendments are there to the us constitution?

Disambiguated questions and answers:
context: No context provided
question: How many current amendments are there to the us constitution that have been proposed?
short_answers: Thirty-three
33
context: No context provided
question: How many current amendments are there to the us constitution that have been ratified?
short_answers: Twenty-seven
27

Long-form answers:
knowledge: content: Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution.
wikipage: List of amendments to the United States Constitution
long_answer: Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution.