dim/essayforum_raw_writing_10k huggingface dataset:
**IELTS Academic writing task 2:**  
  
***In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport.***  
  
## Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

  
  
In recent years, when travel demand has become a major thing, the development of transportation is also raised as a big issue that people concern about. Some people argue that paying for building new high-speed railways is compulsory while others believe that it is better if that money will be spent on optimizing presenting transportation. This essay will look into both views and point my opinion.  
  
To begin with, some people tend to be paying money to repair the old things instead of buying new ones since they do not want to spend much. This tendency is similar to the transportation field. However, the more fixing times, the more money people have to pay. As an alternative, if the problems occur in the major body of the machines, the money that people have to spend will be the same as buying the new ones which have higher technology and provide a complete function.  
  
On the other hand, others think that spending money on constructing brand new train lines for high-speed vehicles is necessary to improve the moving between different places, leading to saving time. For instants, in Taiwan, while people have to spend 5 to 6 hours going from Taipei to Kaohsiung, they spend only 2 or 3 hours if they take the high-speed trains. Hence, it is needed to spend money to establish modern transportation.  
  
Take everything into consideration, I believe that due to the possibility of wasting time and money on out-of-date vehicles, it is a better way to build new railways than keep paying to fix the old public transport.
The writer has word usage issues in the presentation. compulsory has a far different meaning from necessary:  
  
Necessary - Adjective; being essential, indispensable, or requisite  
Compulsory - Adjective ; required; mandatory; obligatory:  
  
The writer must familiarize himself with synonyms in order to use alternative words of the same meaning in his writing. Misuse of words create 2 counts of scoring deductions based on the scoring criteria.  
  
The essay is incomplete and cannot be considered for a passing score for 2 reasons:  
  
1. The personal opinion paragraph lacks a complete discussion development. It lacks supporting examples and additional supporting details in relation to the sample.  
  
2. There is no concluding summary /reverse paraphrase presentation. The essay is open-ended.
## research expenditure in the us

  
  
The line graph depicts the amount of national expenditure which was spent on five different categories/sectors of research in the US from 1980 to 2008.  
Overall, it is clear that the US national spending on all sectors of research increased over the period given, except for Other. Whereas the US Government used their money more on Health research, General Science was spent the least.  
  
Looking at the details, in 1980, the US expenditure on both Health and Other researches were around 8 billion dollars, while the figure for Space, Energy and General science was lower, approximately 6,5, and 3 billion dollars respectively. During the next 24 years, whereas the amount of spending on Health increased considerably, peaking at about $22 billion, that of other categories fluctuated from roughly 3 to 7 billion dollars throughout this period.  
  
In 2008, Health research witnessed a decrease in spending allocated, declining to about $17 billion. A similar trend was seen in the expenditure for Other research, with a decrease of around $5 billion. By contrast, the figure for Space and Energy rose to about 8 and 5 billion dollars respectively and there was no change at that of General Science, remaining at 5 billion dollars.  
  
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For comparison measurements, the writer will do well to use any of the following comparison standards:  
  
- Year on year  
- Decade to decade (every 10 years)  
- Quarter Year to Quarter year (every 25 years)  
- half century to half century (every 50 years)  
- Century to century ( every 100 years)  
  
These are the average comparison cutoffs used for data analysis as it tends to use the most similar measuring criteria for analytical purposes. It is more difficult to create a believable comparison point for 24 years.  
  
Avoid compressing different categories and sectors into one sentence. This is considered a run-on sentences a grammatical error. It is best to use the 3rd comparison point as a seperate presentation for clarity purposes. Use 3-5 sentences per paragraph for the sake of reader understanding.  
  
The presentation format is acceptable. save for some run- on instances, the comparison discussions are easy to follow. Simple data analysis are constantIy portrayed throughout the presentations.
## experience versus personality

  
  
The root of persona has always been a mystery since human began to study about ourselves. There are researches suggesting that our original personality has more impact on our life than any the experiences that we have endured. Personally, I believe that life experience plays a more important role in crafting our personality than the one that we are born with, and this essay will further outlined my opinion.  
  
The first reason is experiences can make changes in human psyche. Humans have a tendency to create or alter a personality trait after overcoming circumstances they have experienced before. When encountering a situation in life, the emotions that a person felt in similar circumstances have been memorized and become a natural response, also known as characteristic. In 1990, the American Psychiatric Association has carried out a research on 50000 US soldiers that had joined the war in Viet Nam to see how impactful a traumatic experience is to human personality. The results supported their prediction, as 78% of the participants were diagnosed to have PTSD and other relating symptoms, the most common symptom recorded was changes in personality.  
  
Furthermore, not only the feeling relating to events, but also the lesson that we collected from those events can cause severe transformation in personality. Past experiences teach us many valuable lessons and sometimes are able to completely alter our ideal and perspective which result in changes in characteristic. For example, if an individual met a very good and influential mentor in the past, he or she will adopt some of the beneficial personality traits from the mentor. The mentor helps that person to change the way of thinking, by teaching both academic knowledge and knowledge about basic savoir vivre in life. As the result, a lot of the habits that make up the traits of personality are replaced by the learned traits.  
  
To sum up, experiences in life contributes lately to the making of personality than the ones we were born with, because of its severe psychological and perspective alteration. Therefore, being aware of the change and their negative effects is crucial, as preventions should be made to cause no further damage to ourselves and others.
The writer has written an opinion article instead of a task 2 response essay. The essay is clearly over-witten at 364 words, a number that cannot be completed within 40 minutes diving the actual test. The writer is advised to use a timer set to 40 minutes during his next practice test. The writer must be able to explain himself clearly within 3-5 sentences per paragraph.No more, no less to limit scoring errors and forced deductions.  
  
The writer, after presenting his opinion in the last sentence of the introduction should have stated his 1 supporting reasons to clarify his , rather than simply repeating a general discussion instruction. The former increases the score while the latter, has no scoring consideration at all since it fails to add clarity to the presented opinion.  
  
The writer presented evidence of not being able to follow information source instructions by providing data from the APA, along with statistics. This type of information does not fall under personal knowledge, personal experience, or public knowledge. Made up information is acceptable provided it does not refer to any source material.  
  
Research will not be available to the student at the LAN locked computers of the testing center. The writer should not get used to researching during the practice rounds because of this reason.
*IELTS TASK 2:  
**Some people believe that to protect local culture, tourism should be banned in some areas whereas others think that change is inevitable and banning tourism will have no benefits.***  
  
## Discuss both sides and gives your opinion.

  
  
Some people argue that it is necessary to prohibit tourism in certain places to preserve culture while the protesters assume that banning is not needed because those places are no longer as important as they used to be. In this essay, I will scrutinize both sides and give my opinion.  
  
On the one hand, people object to preventing tourists from visiting attractions due to several advantages it brings to both individuals and society. Firstly, the development of tourism acts as an economic boost in many communities. It helps generate enormous financial wealth while increasing the popularity and reputation of this country as well. Secondly, this industry also creates jobs for the native residents, which significantly enhances their living standard, especially ethnic people staying in isolated regions. Finally, it is undeniable that travel gives us a chance to explore the world. Visiting new places and meeting new people are such an effective way to facilitate understanding about different traditions.  
  
Despite the above argument, disallowing travelling can also be a helpful way to protect the indigenous culture. One reason for this view is that tourism is destroying nature since tourists usually leave a huge amount of rubbish where they go by. Moreover, there also are some travelers with low awareness who spoil the original landscape by, for example, engraving names onto the wall of thousands-year-old constructions. Another reason is that peaceful life of the locals can be disrupted as many places have become touristy destinations and are always thronged with visitors. For instance, in the Singapore Sultan Mosque, that there are swarms of foreigners all the time making people impossible to do daily religious activities and have to disperse to smaller temples. Furthermore, tourism is industrializing countryside, causing the traditional jobs and skills like farming to die out as well as increasing the population because of people moving for employment opportunities.  
  
In conclusion, while I accept that tourism does have considerable benefits, it is still necessary to ban it in certain places such as sacred structures or places where their original situations remain unchanged, however this is not applicable for places which have lost their functions and will be beneficial if it is converted into tourist attractions.
The writer misrepresented the opposing discussion in the restatement. There is a fictitious reason provided for the opposition to tourism. The writer has the authority to make up reasonin the reasoning paragraphs. He does not have that liberty in the paraphrased paragraph. The author has altered thetopic and will recieve deductions for it.  
  
The writer does a good job at explaining the public opinion for the first reason. The second reasoning paragraph failed to identify itself as a group opinion explanation. This can be seen as personal opinion due toa lack of proper pronoun reference.  
  
The essay does not have a proper conclusion. Merely stating "In conclusion'' but then stating a personal opinion does not create a closed discussion. The personal opinion should be properly presented as the 3rd reasoning paragraph. This is an open ended essay as there is no proper concluding summary of the previous discussion points presented.
***IELTS TASK 2: It is neither possible nor useful for a country to provide university places for a high proportion of young people.***  
## To what extend do you agree or disagree.

  
  
KEY:  
It is said that enabling a large number of youngsters to receive tertiary education is not only unrealistic but also does no good to a country. From my point of view, I completely disagree with this idea.  
  
To begin with, granting numerous young people higher education is feasible for various reasons. First of all, nowadays students only need a laptop and stable internet connection to get access to higher education thanks to great advances in technology. Therefore, the university cost will be reduced considerably, which makes it more approachable to most young people. And with the help of technology, higher education can be easily given to people living in far-off land. Second, the high demand for tertiary education also encourages new private institutions to be set up to accomodate the large number of students. For that reason, there will be numerous places available for youngsters in university.  
  
In addition, a country can benefit from a considerable number of university students in myriads ways. As more people go to colleges, a country's workforce could be bettered enormously, especially in the academic field. This is mainly because tertiary education equips young people with advanced knowledge and proper social skills needed to function efficiently in different working environments. An increase in university students may cause economic imbalance as fewer people will be willing to do blue-collar jobs. However, with a highly-educated workforce, new ideas and innovations will constantly appear to solve those kinds of problems.  
  
In conclusion, I believe that providing access to university education for almost all young people is both practical and beneficial for a country.
While the essay is relatively well composed, the tendency of the writer to present a secondary reason in his paragraphs proves to be the weak point of the written presentation. The topic sentences and explanations always come in strong at the start of the paragraph. The explanations create a coherent and well developed discussion. Then, a second reasoning topic is introduced in the paragraph. The second reason is weakly presented and always lacking in terms of strong discussion development. Due to the lackluster presentation of the 2nd discussion point, that portion is rendered lacking in proper discussion development. If a secondary topic cannot strongly relate to the previous discussion presentation, then it should be replaced with a supporting topic or not at all.  
  
For example, in the piust reason, the majority of the discussion relates to distance learning vvia technology. The second reason relates to more physical universities being set-up. A non - requirement under digital education. There is a sudden loss of discussion connection between topics. Either replace the and reasson or remove it due to inrelevance to the previous discussion.
## summArise Information from the charts

  
  
The pie charts below show the percentage of housing owned and rented in the UK in 1991 and 2007.  
Summarize the information by describing the main features of the charts and making comparisons where appropriate. Write at least 150 words.  
  
The pie charts compare the number of owned and rented houses in the UK in terms of 4 categories in two different years.  
  
It is noticeable that homeowners account for the largest proportion in both years and the number of houses increased in 2007.  
  
In 1991, homes owned by UK residents accounted for more than half of the total number of 22 million houses, while the figure for rented homes for social purposes stood at around 25%. Both privately rented homes and social housing shared considerably the same percentage, with approximately 11% and 10% respectively.  
  
In 2007, it is clear that the percentage for homeowners increased by 10%, and remained as the largest proportion on the chart. However, this resulted in a decline of about 10% in the number of socially rented homes and about 5% in social housing. While these aforementioned categories saw changes in 2007, the percentage for private rented houses remained constant.  
  
My work seems to lack comparison between the figures but I still don't know which figures should be compared. I would appreciate your help! Thank you :)  
  
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When indicating more than one image, specify the number of images. For clarity purposes, identify the images by year representation thereafter. An outline of categories are also required to complete the summary.  
  
The comparison points should be based on the trending statement. Since there are normally 2 points presented inthis section (high and low), The next paragraphs can delve into that discussion with greater detail. Each trend can be fully developed into individual paragraphs to meet the discussion requirements. The writer is free to choose whichever points he wishes to compare. It is the comparison analysis that is scored, regardless of feature discussion choices.
## living in a shared-house

  
  
**Some people prefer living alone. Others want to share a house with their family or their friends. Do the advantages of living eith others outweight the disadvantages**  
  
With regard to private life, a large number of people are in favour of sharing a house with their family or their friends . My stance is that the problems associated with this type of living pale in comparison with the benefits it brings.  
  
Granted, one might argue that living in a shared-house may have some inconvenience. This is based on the assumption that when sharing a house with others, people tend to beware of their actions and even some of their hobbies which seem peculiar to avoid distracting other members or making them feel annoyed. Such courses of action may make them feel uncomfortable in their own house, which may lead to unintended conflicts among members, rendering their relationship vulnerable. However, this reasoning is not sound as people are likely to live with their family or their close friends to whom they are able to show their characteristics as well as their personalities comfortably, without being afraid of getting insults or criticism solely because of their strange interests.  
  
To add further credence to my assertion, sharing a house with others may be more economical to some people, especially those who are struggling with financial hardship. This can be seen in the way a large proportion of university students opt to live in a rented house with some of their friends to reduce the accommodation cost, which not only puts lower burden on their parents but also enables them to allocate resources to more important purposes, including their tuition fees. In addition, by living in a shared-house and talking to other members on a daily basis, people are able to share their difficulties more easily ,which may empower them to relieve pain and stress after an exhausted day at work, leading to lower levels of depression and anxiety they have to suffer.  
  
In conclusion, considering various impacts that living in a shared-house may have on people in terms of relationship, financial and spiritual influence, I believe that the upside of this action is far more significant than its downside.
While the essay may not be grammatically accurate, there are no word choice errors that would affect the LR score negatively. As far as grammar range is concerned, the presentation remained clear in content and meaning to the reader even as sentence presentations Well sometimes improperly structured and presented.  
  
There is no confusion in relation to the paragraph topics. The evidence choices in every paragraph is well explained and properly developed. There is a clear relationship between the paragraph reasoning that will keep the C + C score at a passing level or higher.  
  
The writer wrote a strong opinion paper that never deviated from the discussion focus. This is undoubtedly a passing score presentation.
## driving test pass rates in asia

  
  
**The chart shows the percentage of women and men in one Asian country who passed when they took their driving test between 1980 and 2010.  
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.  
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.**  
  
The bar graph shows the proportion of each gender who got a driver's license from 1980 to 2010 in one Asian country.  
Overall, it is clear that the percentage of women who passed their driving test was higher than that of men over the period of 40 years. In both genders, these figures were low in the first 20 years of the period and increased gradually between 2000 to 2010.  
  
Looking at the graph more closely, one can see that the proportion of women who got driving licenses was lowest in 1980, just nearly 48%. In the next ten years, the number of women who passed the driving test went up moderately by roughly 4%. This figure reached the highest of 68% in 2000 and declined slightly to 65% in 2010.  
  
The similar pattern was seen on the percentage of men who got drive's license between 1980 to 1990. In 1980, the pass driving rate of men was nearly 28% and then this figure grew up by 10% in 1990. Ten years later, the number peaked at nearly 50% and then maintain stability this number to 2010.  
  
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As there are now several gender considerations than previously known, it is important that the summary overview be highly specific about this information. Most specially since a clear differentiation of 2 genders was indicated in the actual bar graph image. This is not a matter of being poliiically correct, but a matter of being data accurate when providing information from the image. The trending statement is well developed and presented to be a score increasing part of the summary presentation. There is just a slight error in the year presentation. 1980-2010 is only 3 decades, or a 30 year period. Count the years by groups of 10. The writer indicated a 40 year period. It is an oversight probably caused by to the writer's unfamiliarity with the English langiage or, a miscount on the part part of the writer. Eitherway, it should have been an oversight quickly corrected had a proper review of the draft essay been completed prior to submission.  
  
The paragraphs are completely developed in the sense of a summary presentation. Simple comparisons provided fall within the presentation expectations. The paragraphs are complete and the word count, within acceptable parameteres. The writer did a pretty good job with this presenation. It is clear and concise. Well within the discussion requirements as provided. There is no worry that the the essay will get a failing grade.