dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Jennifer Capriati
Seção: 2003: New Haven champion
Background: Jennifer Maria Capriati (born March 29, 1976) is an American former professional tennis player. A member of the International Tennis Hall of Fame, she won three singles championships in Grand Slam tournaments, was the gold medalist at the 1992 Summer Olympics, reached the World No. 1 ranking, and is considered one of the greatest tennis players of all time. Capriati set a number of youngest-ever records at the start of her career. She made her professional debut in 1990 at the age of 13 years 11 months, reaching the final of the hard-court tournament in Boca Raton, Florida.

Conteúdo: A week after the 2002 WTA Championships, Capriati had eye surgery in order to remove pterygiums (sun spots) from both eyes. Recovery from the surgery hampered Capriati's off-season preparation. In the opening round of the 2003 Australian Open Capriati lost to unseeded and unheralded Marlene Weingartner. Capriati was the first Australian Open title-holder to lose in the first round. She withdrew from the Pan Pacific Open to further recover from her surgery. Capriati rebounded by reaching at least semifinals of the next five tournaments she played. She lost to Lindsay Davenport in the semifinals of the Indian Wells tournament. She then reached the final of the Sony Ericsson Open for the third consecutive year before losing to World No. 1 Serena Williams. Capriati lost in the round of 16 of the French Open to unseeded Nadia Petrova. She reached the quarters of Wimbledon for the sixth time, losing to Serena Williams in three sets, her eighth consecutive loss to her compatriot. Capriati then reached her second final of 2003 in Stanford, losing to Kim Clijsters in three sets. A pectoral strain forced Capriati to retire from her opening match in San Diego and pull out of Montreal. Capriati won her first title of 2003 in New Haven after Davenport retired in the final while trailing. This ended a 28-tournament title drought for Capriati, and was her first tour victory since she won the 2002 Australian Open. Seeded 6th at the U.S. Open, Capriati reached the semifinal where she lost to 

user: What did she do in 2003?

assistant: In the opening round of the 2003 Australian Open Capriati lost to unseeded and unheralded Marlene Weingartner.

user: Did she play any other matches that year?

assistant: Capriati rebounded by reaching at least semifinals of the next five tournaments she played.

user: Did she return to play later?

assistant: Capriati rebounded by reaching at least semifinals of the next five tournaments she played.

user: What did she do next?

assistant: She lost to Lindsay Davenport in the semifinals of the Indian Wells tournament.

user: Who did she play next?

assistant: She then reached the final of the Sony Ericsson Open for the third consecutive year before losing to World No. 1 Serena Williams.

user: How did that go?

assistant: losing to World No. 1 Serena Williams.

user: What is interesting about this article to the reader?

assistant: Capriati won her first title of 2003 in New Haven after Davenport retired in the final while trailing.
Exchange out-of-state driver license 
If you move to New York State and become a resident 1 , you must get a New York State driver license within 30 days. Learn how to exchange your out - of - state driver license [1]. 

I am studying in New York State. Do I need a New York State driver license? 
Students from other states, countries or nations who attend school in New York State are normally not considered residents of New York State, so they don t need to exchange their current driver license. Normally, you can t have a NY State driver license and a driver license from another state at the same time , but there are exceptions. However , it is a violation of Federal law to hold more than one commercial driver license CDL. 

Register a vehicle from another state in New York 
The registration requirements are generally the same as to register and title vehicle [2] in New York. However there are a few exceptions for out - of - state vehicles [3], and imported vehicles [4]. 

What does 'TEMPORARY VISITOR' mean? 
A Temporary Visitor is defined as anyone who is not immigrating to or not residing living in the United States. These visitors have US Department of Homeland Security DHS documentation that supports their legal status in this country. If you have DHS documents that identify you as a Temporary Visitor , your New York State driver license , permit or non - driver ID card will have ' TEMPORARY VISITOR' on it , and the expiration date from your DHS document Please note that your DMV document does not expire on the Temporary Visitor expiration date, nor will your privilege to drive in New York. 

You do not need to be a US Citizen to get a New York driver license, permit or non-driver ID card 
However , you must have US Department of Homeland Security DHS documentation that supports your legal status in this country. The expiration date from your DHS document is added to your New York State permit, driver license or non - driver ID card. Learn more about how to ge

user: I'm from another state and recently came to NY. Can you walk me through the process of exchanging my driver license?

assistant: Did you move to New York State and become a resident?
Exchange out-of-state driver license 
If you move to New York State and become a resident 1 , you must get a New York State driver license within 30 days. Learn how to exchange your out - of - state driver license [1]. 

I am studying in New York State. Do I need a New York State driver license? 
Students from other states, countries or nations who attend school in New York State are normally not considered residents of New York State, so they don t need to exchange their current driver license. Normally, you can t have a NY State driver license and a driver license from another state at the same time , but there are exceptions. However , it is a violation of Federal law to hold more than one commercial driver license CDL. 

Register a vehicle from another state in New York 
The registration requirements are generally the same as to register and title vehicle [2] in New York. However there are a few exceptions for out - of - state vehicles [3], and imported vehicles [4]. 

What does 'TEMPORARY VISITOR' mean? 
A Temporary Visitor is defined as anyone who is not immigrating to or not residing living in the United States. These visitors have US Department of Homeland Security DHS documentation that supports their legal status in this country. If you have DHS documents that identify you as a Temporary Visitor , your New York State driver license , permit or non - driver ID card will have ' TEMPORARY VISITOR' on it , and the expiration date from your DHS document Please note that your DMV document does not expire on the Temporary Visitor expiration date, nor will your privilege to drive in New York. 

You do not need to be a US Citizen to get a New York driver license, permit or non-driver ID card 
However , you must have US Department of Homeland Security DHS documentation that supports your legal status in this country. The expiration date from your DHS document is added to your New York State permit, driver license or non - driver ID card. Learn more about how to ge

user: Hello I need information about Out-of-State Driver's License Exchange

assistant: Have you moved to New York State and become a resident?
VA education and training benefits 
VA education benefits help Veterans, service members, and their qualified family members with needs like paying college tuition, finding the right school or training program, and getting career counseling. Learn how to apply for and manage the education and training benefits you've earned. 

On this page 
Get GI Bill and other education benefits Manage your Veterans education benefits More information and resources 

Get GI Bill and other education benefits 
About GI Bill benefitsLearn how the GI Bill works and explore your options to pay for school or training. EligibilitySee if you're eligible for GI Bill or other VA education benefits. How to applyLearn how to prepare and apply for the GI Bill or other VA education and training benefits. After you applyFind out when to expect a decision from us on your application and what to do next. Vocational Rehabilitation and EmploymentSee if you qualify for help exploring employment options, any training you may need, and other voc rehab services. Educational and Career Counseling Chapter 36 Find out how to get free educational and career counseling as a recently discharged Veteran or a dependent family member. VA education benefits for dependents and survivorsFind out if you're eligible for Veteran dependent or survivor education benefits through a GI Bill program. Other educational assistance programsIf you're a Guardsman, Reservist, or Veteran who doesn't qualify for the Post-9/11 GI Bill , see if you're eligible for other VA education benefits. 

Manage your Veterans education benefits 
View your VA payment historySee your payment history for VA education and other benefits you may have like disability compensation and pension. Check your Post-9/11 GI Bill benefitsSee how much of your GI Bill benefits you have left to help pay for school or training. Transfer Post-9/11 GI Bill benefitsTransfer your unused Post-9/11 GI Bill benefits to your spouse or other dependents. Change your GI 

user: What are VA education and training benefits for?

assistant: VA education benefits help Veterans, service members, and their qualified family members with things such as college tuition, finding a good school, and getting career counseling.  

assistant: Would you like to go on this page to learn about Veteran Education benefits?

user: Yes, I would like to look at the page.

assistant: You will then be able to learn about GI Bill and other education benefits, manage your Veterans education benefits and find more resources.
Entrance Counseling 


What is Entrance Counseling? 
If you have not previously received a Direct Loan or Federal Family Education Loan FFEL , the Federal Government requires you to complete entrance counseling to ensure that you understand the responsibilities and obligations you are assuming. If you are completing entrance counseling to borrow a loan as an undergraduate student , then the entrance counseling will fulfill counseling requirements for Direct Subsidized Loans and Direct Unsubsidized Loans. If you are completing entrance counseling to borrow a loan as a graduate or professional student , the entrance counseling will fulfill counseling requirements for Direct Subsidized Loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and Direct PLUS Loans. Your school may have alternate entrance counseling requirements. Check with your school's financial aid office to be sure that the counseling available on this Web site satisfies its requirements for entrance counseling. Complete Entrance Counseling LOG IN TO START 

Who should complete this? 


How long will it take? 
The entire counseling process must be completed in a single session. Most people complete counseling in 20 - 30 minutes. 

What do I need? 
Verified FSA ID School Name Return to the Counseling selection page 

user: I am looking for more information on entrance counseling , can you give me some?

assistant: Are you familiar with the term itself?

user: No, not really, can you help me?

assistant: Do you know what group of people are suited to entrance counseling?

user: No, I really don't know who it is suited to

assistant: Do you know how long the entrance couseling takes?

user: Yes, this I do know

assistant: Well, just to let you know, the entire counseling process must be completed in a single session. Most people complete it in 20-30 minutes

user: What do I need to partake in entrance counseling?

assistant: All information is contained within the counseling section on the website

user: Dies every school offer entrance counseling?

assistant: Each school may have their own alternate entrance counseling requirements. Your school finance aid office will be able to tell you this or you can check out that the counseling available on this websitr satisfies your school's requirements
My vehicle plates were lost, stolen or destroyed. What can I do? 
You must surrender the vehicle registration to the DMV. If two vehicle plates are lost, stolen or destroyed (or one plate if the vehicle was issued only one plate, e.g. motorcycles), you need to notify the police, and ask the police to complete a police report. Bring police report to a DMV office [1] to surrender the vehicle registration. if the plates were lost, stolen or destroyed in New York State, ask a NY State police agency to complete a' Certification of Lost License, Permit or Plates' MV-78B this form is only available from law enforcement - it is on the DMV website if the plates were lost, stolen or destroyed outside of NY State , get a report printed on the letterhead of a police agency in the state where the incident happened If you cannot get a police report , write a statement that includes your plate number and explains why you cannot surrender your NY State plates. If one plate from a set of two plates is lost, stolen or destroyed , you don t need to complete a police report. Bring the plate you have to a DMV office to surrender the registration. However , if you would like to replace your plates without paying a fee , you must submit a police report or an MV-78B indicating the plate was stolen or destroyed as a result of a crime. 

How can I get new plates? 
You may request a new set of plates at a DMV office. Bring these items with you : the original plate or the MV-78B / police report / statement a completed Vehicle Registration / Title Application PDF [2] MV-82 proof of insurance 1 proof of your identity 2 Print this checklist [3 ] The DMV will issue you a new registration and replacement plates. If the plate were lost or destroyed , you will need to pay for the new plates, and a fee of $3.75 to issue a new registration. The fee for plates are $ 25 for a set of 2 plates $ 12.50 for a vehicle that is only issued one plate ; e.g. motorcycles) You don't need to pay a fee to replace s

user: How can I get new plates?

assistant: You may request a new set of plates at a DMV office 

assistant: If my plate was lost or destroyed?

user: it's not my house?

user: What can I do if my vehicle was stolen?

assistant: What can I do if my vehicle was stolen?

user: Can my proof of identity be my driver's license?

user: You do n't need to pay a fee to replace stolen plates . However, you will need to provide a police report or an MV-78B indicating that the plates were stolen or destroyed as a result of a crime .

assistant:  you will need to provide a police report or an MV-78B indicating that the plates were stolen or destroyed as a result of a crime

user: How can I get new plates?

assistant:  the original plate or the MV-78B / police report / statement

user: how much does it cost to recover the plate

assistant: $ 25 for a set of 2 plates
Título: Augustus Pugin
Seção: Reputation and influence
Background: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin ( PEW-jin; 1 March 1812 - 14 September 1852) was an English architect, designer, artist, and critic who is principally remembered for his pioneering role in the Gothic Revival style of architecture. His work culminated in designing the interior of the Palace of Westminster in Westminster, London, England and its iconic clock tower, later renamed the Elizabeth Tower, which houses the bell known as Big Ben. Pugin designed many churches in England and some in Ireland and Australia. He was the son of Auguste Pugin, and the father of Edward Welby and Peter Paul Pugin, who continued his architectural firm as Pugin & Pugin.

Conteúdo: Eastlake, writing in 1872, noted that the quality of construction in Pugin's buildings was often poor, and believed he was lacking in technical knowledge, his strength lying more in his facility as a designer of architectural detail. Pugin's legacy began to fade immediately after his death. This was partly due to the hostility of John Ruskin. In his appendix to The Stones of Venice (1851), Ruskin wrote of Pugin, "he is not a great architect but one of the smallest possible or conceivable architects". Contemporaries and admirers of Pugin, including Sir Henry Cole, protested at the viciousness of the attack and pointed out that Ruskin's idea on style had much in common with Pugin's. After Pugin's death, Ruskin "outlived and out-talked him by half a century". Sir Kenneth Clark wrote, "If Ruskin had never lived, Pugin would never have been forgotten." Nonetheless, Pugin's architectural ideas were carried forward by two young architects who admired him and had attended his funeral, W. E. Nesfield and Norman Shaw. George Gilbert Scott, William Butterfield and George Edmund Street were influenced by Pugin's designs, and continued to work out the implication of ideas he had sketched in his writings. In Street's office, Philip Webb met William Morris and they went on to become leading members of the English Arts and Crafts Movement. When the German critic Hermann Muthesius published his admiring and influential study of English domestic architecture, Das Englische Haus (1904), Pugin w

user: what kind of reputation did he have?

assistant: the quality of construction in Pugin's buildings was often poor,

user: what sort of buildings did he build?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: was there more to his reputation?

assistant: Pugin's legacy began to fade immediately after his death.

user: when did he die?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: was there any other aspects to his reputation?

assistant: "he is not a great architect but one of the smallest possible or conceivable architects".

user: what was his influence on other architects and their designs?

assistant: Contemporaries and admirers of Pugin, including Sir Henry Cole, protested at the viciousness of the attack
Order personalized plates[1] 


How do I order personalized plates? 
You can order personalized plates for passenger vehicles, commercial vehicles and motorcycles. Learn more about personalized plate fees, requirements and restrictions. [2] Many picture plates can also be personalized. You can browse our collection of picture plates online. The categories are : I Love NY Adventure [3 ] Sports [4 ] Military and Veterans [5 ] Counties and Regions of NY State [6 ] Colleges , Fraternities , Sororities [7 ] Causes [8 ] Professions [9 ] Organizations [10 ] Motorcycle Plates [11 ] 

Order online 
You can order personalized plates online unless you want personalized plates for people with disabilities that have the Universal Symbol of Access. To order personalized plates online : You must have a valid New York State vehicle registration in the passenger, commercial or motorcycle registration class that does not expire within 60 days. The mailing address on your vehicle registration record must be your current mailing address. Your vehicle registration record must match your current name if your name has changed. You must provide your current plate number, the 3-letter registration class code and the first three letters of your last name. See a sample registration document. [12] You must have a credit card that DMV accepts, and a valid email address for confirmation purposes. Order personalized plates online [13 ] 

By mail 
To order personalized plates by mail , use the Application for Custom Plates PDF [14] CP-30. Mail the completed form and your payment to : NYS DMV Custom Plates UnitP.O. Box 2775Albany , NY 12220 

By phone 
It s faster and easier to do it online. To order by phone , call the Custom Plates Unit at 1 - 518 - 402 - 4838. Office hours are 8:00am - 4:00pm, Monday through Friday. 

At a DMV office 
You can save yourself trip. It s faster and easier to do it online. Find a DMV office. [15] 

When to expect your new plates and registration 
In approximately 1

user: I need personalized plate info

assistant: Would you like to know how to order personalized plates?

user: no, just need info

assistant: Would you like to know how to order your plates online?

user: no

assistant: Would you like to know how to order personalized plates by mail?

user: yes, ok

assistant: are you ready to send in an order for personalized plates?
Who Gets Aid 
Most U.S. citizens or eligible noncitizens are eligible for financial aid for college or career school. It s important to understand the criteria of the programs, how to stay eligible, and how to get your eligibility back if you lose it. Eligibility Requirements Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan Non-U.S. Citizens Students with criminal convictions Students with intellectual disabilities Homeless Students who are or have been in foster care Students Staying Eligible Regaining Eligibility 

Eligibility Requirements 
share link Our general eligibility requirements include that you have financial need, are a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen, and are enrolled in an eligible degree or certificate program at your college or career school. There are more eligibility requirements you must meet to qualify for federal student aid. 

For a quick glance at the basic eligibility criteria for federal student aid, check out this graphic. 


Eligibility for Federal Student AidGraphic 
View text - only version of Eligibility for Federal Student Aid infographic Did You Know? There is no income cut - off to qualify for federal student aid. Many factors such as the size of your family and your year in school are taken into account. LEARN ABOUT ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan 
share link If your parent died as a result of military service in Iraq or Afghanistan after the events of 9/11 , you might be eligible for additional Federal Pell Grant funding or for an Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant. 

Non-U.S. Citizens 
share link Generally , if you have a green card in other words, if you are a permanent resident alien , you will be considered an eligible noncitizen and will be able to get federal student aid if you meet the other basic eligibility criteria. Learn about which immigration statuses make you an eligible noncitizen. 

Students With Criminal Convictions 
share link Your eligibility 

user: Hello, I'm a student whose parents were Killed in Iraq, I want to know if I can get "aid", and if so: what do I have to do?

assistant: Null

assistant: Did your parents die as result of military service in Iraq?

user: No, they weren't performing military service.

user: I mean, after that... I don't have the resources to pay college, since I'm homeless... but I really want to go to college. Is there a way I can go to college?

assistant: Yes, there's a way. We currently have a plan to prevent homeless to not attending college. The program is called: "Identifying and Supporting Students Experiencing Homelessness from Pre - School to Post - Secondary Ages" I'll send you the link so that you can read more about it. 

user: But I'm not a U.S citizen, I just have a permanent resident alien.

assistant: In that case you are considered an eligible noncitizen and you'll be able to get federal student aid.
Título: Gentle Giant
Seção: Formation of Gentle Giant
Background: Gentle Giant were an English progressive rock band active between 1970 and 1980. The band were known for the complexity and sophistication of its music and for the varied musical skills of its members. All of the band members, except Malcolm Mortimore, were multi-instrumentalists. Although not commercially successful, they did achieve a cult following.

Conteúdo: Gentle Giant was formed in 1970 when the Shulman brothers teamed up with two other multi-instrumentalists, Gary Green (guitar, mandolin, recorder etc.) and Kerry Minnear (keyboards, vibraphone, cello etc.), plus drummer Martin Smith, who had previously drummed for Simon Dupree and the Big Sound. The classically trained Minnear had recently graduated from the Royal College of Music with a degree in composition, and had played with the band Rust. Green was essentially a blues player and had never worked with a band above the semi-professional level, but adapted readily to the demanding music of the new band. The Shulman brothers, meanwhile, settled into typically multi-instrumental roles of their own: Derek on saxophone and recorder; Ray on bass and violin; Phil on saxophone, trumpet, and clarinet. The new band also featured three lead vocalists. Derek Shulman sang in a tough rhythm-and-blues style and generally handled the more rock-oriented vocals; Phil Shulman handled the more folk-or-jazz-influenced songs; and Kerry Minnear (who had a particularly delicate voice) sang the lighter folk and chamber-classical lead vocals. Minnear did not sing lead vocals at live concerts, because of his inability to support and project his voice at a level suitable for live amplification (Derek and Phil Shulman handled Minnear's lead vocal parts when the band played live). It has been reported that Elton John unsuccessfully auditioned for lead vocalist with the newly formed group. According to

user: When was the band originally formed?

assistant: Gentle Giant was formed in 1970

user: What did the brothers play?

assistant: Gary Green (guitar, mandolin, recorder etc.) and Kerry Minnear (keyboards, vibraphone, cello etc.), plus drummer Martin Smith,

user: Where are they from?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was his main study there?

assistant: a degree in composition, and had played with the band

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The new band also featured three lead vocalists. Derek Shulman sang in a tough rhythm-and-blues style and generally handled the more rock-oriented vocals;

user: Did they all grow up in the same place?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Indigenous peoples in Brazil
Seção: SPI failure and FUNAI
Background: Indigenous peoples in Brazil (Portuguese: povos indigenas no Brasil), or Indigenous Brazilians (Portuguese: indigenas brasileiros), comprise a large number of distinct ethnic groups who have inhabited what is now the country of Brazil since prior to the European contact around 1500. Unlike Christopher Columbus, who thought he had reached the East Indies, the Portuguese, most notably Vasco da Gama, had already reached India via the Indian Ocean route when they reached Brazil.

Conteúdo: After Rondon's pioneering work, the SPI was turned over to bureaucrats and military officers and its work declined after 1957. The new officials did not share Rondon's deep commitment to the Indians. SPI sought to address tribal issues by transforming the tribes into mainstream Brazilian society. The lure of reservation riches enticed cattle ranchers and settlers to continue their assault on Indians lands - and the SPI eased the way. Between 1900 and 1967, an estimated 98 indigenous tribes were wiped out. Mostly due to the efforts of the Villas-Boas brothers, Brazil's first Indian reserve, the Xingu National Park, was established by the Federal Government in 1961. During the social and political upheaval in the 1960s, reports of mistreatment of Indians increasingly reached Brazil's urban centers and began to affect Brazilian thinking. In 1967, following the publication of the Figueiredo Report, commissioned by the Ministry of the Interior, the military government launched an investigation into SPI. It soon came to light that the SPI was corrupt and failing to protect natives, their lands, and, culture. The 5,000-page report catalogued atrocities including slavery, sexual abuse, torture, and mass murder. It has been charged that agency officials, in collaboration with land speculators, were systematically slaughtering the Indians by intentionally circulating disease-laced clothes. Criminal prosecutions followed, and the SPI was disbanded. The same year the government establish

user: What is FUNAI?

assistant: The same year the government established Fundacao Nacional do Indio (National Indian Foundation), known as FUNAI
Título: Dancing on Ice
Seção: Format
Background: Dancing on Ice is a British television show presented by Phillip Schofield alongside Holly Willoughby from 2006 to 2011, and Christine Bleakley from 2012 to 2014. The show consists of celebrities and their professional partners figure skate in front of a panel of judges. The series, broadcast on ITV, started on 14 January 2006 and ended on 9 March 2014 after the show's contract was not renewed by ITV. On 4 September 2017, it was announced that a revived series would air on ITV from 7 January 2018 with Schofield and Willoughby returning as hosts alongside a new backstage host, Jordan Banjo.

Conteúdo: Each week the celebrities and their partners perform a live ice dance routine. The four/five (as of Series 8) judges (commonly known as the Ice Panel) judge each performance and give a mark between 0.0 and 10.0 (0.0 to 6.0 between series 1 and 5), depending on the performance. These total scores then create a leaderboard which combines with the public vote in order to determine the two lowest placed couples. As this is the case, the pair with the lowest score from the judges can avoid being in the bottom two if the public vote for them. Once the scores and votes are combined to form the final leaderboard for that week's show, the two/three couples at the bottom compete in a final showdown known as the "Skate Off", where they perform their routine again. Once the couples have performed their routines for the judging panel, the judges decide on who deserves to stay and cast their votes, based on their second performance. The couple with the most votes from the judges receives a place in the following week's show, while the couple with the fewest votes leaves the competition. One couple leaves each week, but in series 7, two couples left in one week, due to numbering issues. A live reunion special was staged one week after the end of each season, with all celebrities talking about their experiences during the season, and answering questions from a live studio audience. Torvil and Dean themselves then made a special in-studio appearance towards the end, thanking the contestants, 

user: What was the format?

assistant: their partners perform a live ice dance routine.

user: What happens on the show, what is the format?

assistant: Each week the celebrities and their partners perform a live ice dance routine.

user: Are there judges on the show?

assistant: ) judge each performance

user: How are performances judged?

assistant: ) judge each performance and give a mark between 0.0 and 10.0 (0.0 to 6.0 between series 1 and 5), depending on the performance.
Título: Joseph Schacht
Seção: Argument and Method
Background: Joseph Franz Schacht (born in Ratibor, 15 March 1902, died in Englewood, 1 August 1969) was a British-German professor of Arabic and Islam at Columbia University in New York. He was the leading Western scholar on Islamic law, whose Origins of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (1950) is still considered a centrally important work on the subject. The author of many articles in the first and second editions of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, Schacht also edited the second edition of The Legacy of Islam for the Legacy series of Oxford University Press and authored a textbook under the title An Introduction to Islamic Law (1964).

Conteúdo: Schacht locates the origins of 'ilm al-hadith in the eight and ninth centuries CE, a moment in the development of Islamic legal reasoning coinciding with the professionalization of the traditionalist (muhaddith) and jurist (faqih) classes in the urban centers of the Middle East. According to Schacht the rules and standards of Islamic law are derived from four primary sources: from the Qur`an, from the hadith comprising the sunna of the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions, from the consensus or ijma' of the Muslim community and from analogical reasoning or qiyas. The essentials of this fourfold methodology were initially and perhaps most clearly articulated by Imam al-Shafi`i, a noted legal scholar of the eighth and ninth centuries CE and founder of an eponymous school of Islamic jurisprudence. Following the work of Goldziher before him, Schacht argues that it was al-Shafi`i who first elevated the sunna and its constituent traditions to great legal prominence. The material importance of the Qur`an and hadith thereafter enjoyed a status comparable to that of juristic consensus, though for al-Shafi`i traditions credibly attributed to the Prophet were to be considered more authoritative than those of his Companions, and indeed could supersede all other sources of legal authority. Moreover, an already-existing legal standard based on such a tradition could be overturned only upon the emergence of a hadith that could be more credibly attributable to the Prophet. Al-Shafi`i goes as 

user: What was unusual about Schacht's method?

assistant: These same traditions, claims Schacht, could not survive a stronger program of investigation.

user: What is one of the sources of Islamic law?

assistant: from the Qur`an,

user: What other sources did he say Islamic law comes from?

assistant: from the hadith comprising the sunna of the Prophet Muhammad and his Companions,

user: Was he a great influence on other scholars of Islam?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was his argument?

assistant: constructing the standards of a legitimate epistemic enterprise al-Shafi`i's science of hadith amounts to little more than an uncritical acceptance of Prophetic traditions

user: Who is al-Shafi`i?

assistant: Imam al-Shafi`i, a noted legal scholar of the eighth and ninth centuries CE and founder of an eponymous school of Islamic jurisprudence.
Try Loan Simulator 
Loan Simulator is a new tool to help you make decisions about your student loans. Use it to find a repayment plan that meets your needs and goals or to decide whether to consolidate. 

Hi 


. 


Let's get started. 
We will guide you through a series of questions based on your selection below. 

I Want to Find the Best Repayment Strategy 
We will recommend a repayment plan based on your needs and goals and help you explore options like making extra payments or consolidating your loans. Log In and Start Or Start From Scratch See how you can lower your payment. See how you can pay off your loans faster. Decide whether to consolidate. 

I'm Struggling With My Payments 
Decide whether you want to temporarily stop payments or lower your monthly payment instead. Log In and Start Or Start From Scratch Consider a new repayment plan instead of suspending payments. Find out about the impacts of suspending payments. Learn how to avoid loan default. 

I Want to Simulate Borrowing More Money 
Find out what happens when you borrow more money to pay for educational expenses, returning to school, or finishing your studies later than expected. Coming Soon Or Start From Scratch Explore impacts when you borrow more. Find out about federal loan limits. See how choice of school affects how much you may need to borrow. 

How Accurate Is Loan Simulator? 
To get the most realistic results , provide complete and accurate information when using Loan Simulator. Keep in mind , this tool can t predict your future payments with 100% accuracy. In order to make these predictions , Loan Simulator makes several assumptions as it calculates monthly repayment amounts. Important: Results of Loan Simulator are for informational purposes only and should not be considered financial advice. You are encouraged to review all available options and make decisions about borrowing and repayment that align with your individual goals. Learn more about Loan Simulator calculations. 

Help Us Bu

user: Hi there. I'm looking information about loans, and the loan simulator.

assistant: Sure, we are here to help you. The loan simulator is a tool that will help you to know the realistic results related to your loan. Is this what you are looking for?

user: Yes, that's exactly what I'm looking.

assistant: Great! You just need to provide all the information in the most accurate way possible to get a prediction of how your loan could result.

user: Ok, is this information provided any legal value or I can use it when I try to apply for the loan?

assistant: The result of the loan simulator is just for informational purposes.

user: I see. But this will help you to be more accurate on what you can do for someone like me?

assistant: Yes, along with your feedback, questions and any kind of request, will help to improve the tool.

user: This may help me to know what would happen if I try to borrow more money for any extraordinary situation? 

assistant: yes, it can help you to know what would happen if you ask for more money for extra educational expenses, returning to school or finishing your studies later than expected.
Student Loan Delinquency and Default 
Loans must be repaid. If you ve missed a payment or are having trouble making payments , immediately contact and discuss options with the organization that handles billing and other services for your loan to avoid defaulting on your loan. For the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program or the Federal Family Education Loan Program , contact your loan servicer. For the Federal Perkins Loan Program , contact the school where you received the loan for details. If you know that your Perkins Loan has been assigned to the U.S. Department of Education , contact the ECSI Federal Perkins Loan Servicer. If you don t know who your loan servicer is , call the Federal Student Aid Information Center FSAIC at 1 - 800 - 433 - 3243. LOG IN Automatic Administrative Forbearance and Temporary 0% Interest as a Result of the COVID-19 National Emergency To provide relief to student loan borrowers during the COVID-19 national emergency , federal student loan borrowers are automatically being placed in an administrative forbearance, which allows you to temporarily stop making your monthly loan payments. In addition , interest is being temporarily set at 0% on federal student loans. This 0% interest and suspension of payments will last from March 13 , 2020, through Sept. 30 , 2020 , but you can still make payments if you choose. Have questions? Find out what loans qualify, and get additional information about the 0% interest period, administrative forbearance, and other student loan flexibilities due to the COVID-19 national emergency. 

Understanding Delinquency 
It's important to pay the amount shown on your bill and to pay by the due date. The first day after you miss a student loan payment , your loan becomes past due, or delinquent. Your loan account remains delinquent until you repay the past due amount or make other arrangements, such as deferment or forbearance, or changing repayment plans. If you are delinquent on your student loan payment 

user: Hello, I would like to have more information about the delinquency of student loans and default.


assistant: Of course it is essential that the loans are repaid.


assistant: Have you missed a payment or are you having trouble making payments?


user: yes

assistant: Immediately contact and discuss options with the organization that handles billing and other services for your loan to avoid default on your loan.


user: What if you made the refund arrangements soon?


assistant: In that case you can resolve the breach quickly. Learn more about how to get out of default.
Who Gets Aid 
Most U.S. citizens or eligible noncitizens are eligible for financial aid for college or career school. It s important to understand the criteria of the programs, how to stay eligible, and how to get your eligibility back if you lose it. Eligibility Requirements Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan Non-U.S. Citizens Students with criminal convictions Students with intellectual disabilities Homeless Students who are or have been in foster care Students Staying Eligible Regaining Eligibility 

Eligibility Requirements 
share link Our general eligibility requirements include that you have financial need, are a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen, and are enrolled in an eligible degree or certificate program at your college or career school. There are more eligibility requirements you must meet to qualify for federal student aid. 

For a quick glance at the basic eligibility criteria for federal student aid, check out this graphic. 


Eligibility for Federal Student AidGraphic 
View text - only version of Eligibility for Federal Student Aid infographic Did You Know? There is no income cut - off to qualify for federal student aid. Many factors such as the size of your family and your year in school are taken into account. LEARN ABOUT ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan 
share link If your parent died as a result of military service in Iraq or Afghanistan after the events of 9/11 , you might be eligible for additional Federal Pell Grant funding or for an Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant. 

Non-U.S. Citizens 
share link Generally , if you have a green card in other words, if you are a permanent resident alien , you will be considered an eligible noncitizen and will be able to get federal student aid if you meet the other basic eligibility criteria. Learn about which immigration statuses make you an eligible noncitizen. 

Students With Criminal Convictions 
share link Your eligibility 

user: Can you tell me who can qualify for federal student aid?

assistant: Most U.S citizens or eligible noncitizens can qualify to get financial aid for college or career school. But there are some criteria for each program that those interested need to meet.

assistant: Do you want to know the eligibility requirements?

user: Not right now.

assistant: Students with a parent killed in Iraq or Afghanistan can qualify for another aid program. Is this your case?
Título: Rob Thomas (musician)
Seção: 2000-2003: Mad Season and More Than You Think You Are
Background: Robert Kelly Thomas (born February 14, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist, best known as the lead singer of Alternative band Matchbox Twenty. Thomas also records and performs as a solo artist, with "Lonely No More" released in 2005 becoming his biggest solo chart success. Thomas earned three Grammy Awards for co-writing and singing on the three-time Grammy Award Winning 1999 Summer smash hit, "Smooth" by Santana, off the fifteen-time Platinum album Supernatural. He has also lent his songwriting talents to such artists as Willie Nelson, Mick Jagger, Marc Anthony, Pat Green, Taylor Hicks, Travis Tritt and Daughtry.

Conteúdo: As Matchbox 20 prepared to record their sophomore album, band members had heated discussions over song selection. After flirting with the idea of allowing other band members to provide songs, they chose to record only songs that Thomas had written or co-written. They renamed themselves Matchbox Twenty and, in March 2000, released Mad Season. Its first single, Bent, reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Their tour took them to 87 cities, and they sold out Madison Square Garden in 15 minutes. Thomas was inducted into the South Carolina Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame in 2001. When Santana prepared to record his follow-up to Supernatural, he sought to collaborate with Thomas again. Instead of providing vocals, Thomas wrote two songs for the album, which were recorded by Seal and Musiq Thomas provided songs to other artists as well. Willie Nelson recorded three of Thomas's songs on his 2002 album The Great Divide. One of those, "Recollection Phoenix", had been in contention for the next Matchbox Twenty album before the other band members had decided it wasn't a good fit. The third Matchbox Twenty album, More Than You Think You Are, wasn't complete until four weeks before its release date, November 19, 2002. For the first time, the band recorded a song not written by Thomas. Two other songs were jointly attributed to Thomas, Cook, and Doucette. As part of the promotion for the album, Thomas and his bandmates were featured on VH1's Behind the Music. When the tour fo

user: When was Mad Season released?

assistant: March 2000,

user: Why did they name themselves?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What songs were on Mad Season?

assistant: Bent,

user: What was unique about Bent?

assistant: reached number 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.

user: Did the album have other successful songs on it?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: When was their next album released?

assistant: 2002

user: Why was it completed so late?

assistant: For the first time, the band recorded a song not written by Thomas.
Who Gets Aid 
Most U.S. citizens or eligible noncitizens are eligible for financial aid for college or career school. It s important to understand the criteria of the programs, how to stay eligible, and how to get your eligibility back if you lose it. Eligibility Requirements Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan Non-U.S. Citizens Students with criminal convictions Students with intellectual disabilities Homeless Students who are or have been in foster care Students Staying Eligible Regaining Eligibility 

Eligibility Requirements 
share link Our general eligibility requirements include that you have financial need, are a U.S. citizen or eligible noncitizen, and are enrolled in an eligible degree or certificate program at your college or career school. There are more eligibility requirements you must meet to qualify for federal student aid. 

For a quick glance at the basic eligibility criteria for federal student aid, check out this graphic. 


Eligibility for Federal Student AidGraphic 
View text - only version of Eligibility for Federal Student Aid infographic Did You Know? There is no income cut - off to qualify for federal student aid. Many factors such as the size of your family and your year in school are taken into account. LEARN ABOUT ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

Students With a Parent Who Was Killed in Iraq or Afghanistan 
share link If your parent died as a result of military service in Iraq or Afghanistan after the events of 9/11 , you might be eligible for additional Federal Pell Grant funding or for an Iraq and Afghanistan Service Grant. 

Non-U.S. Citizens 
share link Generally , if you have a green card in other words, if you are a permanent resident alien , you will be considered an eligible noncitizen and will be able to get federal student aid if you meet the other basic eligibility criteria. Learn about which immigration statuses make you an eligible noncitizen. 

Students With Criminal Convictions 
share link Your eligibility 

user: where can I get info on regaining my financial aid eligibility?

assistant: null

assistant: Have you been told you no longer qualify for federal student aid?

user: yes I have been told that

assistant: I can help you find out how to get your eligibility back.

user: do you have anything that people helping homeless students can look at?

assistant: They can look at Identifying and Supporting Students Experiencing Homelessness from Pre-School to Post-Secondary Ages, it is a page aimed at professionals assisting homeless students.