dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Cecil Rhodes
Seção: Rhodesia
Background: Cecil John Rhodes PC (5 July 1853 - 26 March 1902) was a British businessman, mining magnate and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895. South Africa's Rhodes University is also named after him. Rhodes set up the provisions of the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate, and put much effort towards his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railway through British territory.

Conteúdo: The BSAC had its own police force, the British South Africa Police, which was used to control Matabeleland and Mashonaland, in present-day Zimbabwe. The company had hoped to start a "new Rand" from the ancient gold mines of the Shona. Because the gold deposits were on a much smaller scale, many of the white settlers who accompanied the BSAC to Mashonaland became farmers rather than miners. When the Ndebele and the Shona--the two main, but rival, peoples--separately rebelled against the coming of the European settlers, the BSAC defeated them in the First Matabele War and Second Matabele War. Shortly after learning of the assassination of the Ndebele spiritual leader, Mlimo, by the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, Rhodes walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills. He persuaded the Impi to lay down their arms, thus ending the Second Matabele War. By the end of 1894, the territories over which the BSAC had concessions or treaties, collectively called "Zambesia" after the Zambezi River flowing through the middle, comprised an area of 1,143,000 km2 between the Limpopo River and Lake Tanganyika. In May 1895, its name was officially changed to "Rhodesia", reflecting Rhodes' popularity among settlers who had been using the name informally since 1891. The designation Southern Rhodesia was officially adopted in 1898 for the part south of the Zambezi, which later became Zimbabwe; and the designations North-Western and North-Eastern Rhodesia were used from 1895 fo

user: What were his first experiences in Rhodesia?

assistant: Shortly after learning of the assassination of the Ndebele spiritual leader, Mlimo, by the American scout Frederick Russell Burnham, Rhodes walked unarmed into the Ndebele stronghold in Matobo Hills.

user: How did he found Rhodesia?

assistant: In May 1895, its name was officially changed to "Rhodesia", reflecting Rhodes' popularity among settlers who had been using the name informally since 1891.

user: Did Rhodes' company mine?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Rhodes decreed in his will that he was to be buried in Matobo Hills. After his death in the Cape in 1902, his body was transported by train to Bulawayo.

user: Were there any other wars Cecil was involved in?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did he do after the end of the war?

assistant: Rhodes decreed in his will that he was to be buried in Matobo Hills.
Título: Billy Graham
Seção: Ministry career
Background: William Franklin Graham Jr. was born on November 7, 1918, in the downstairs bedroom of a farmhouse near Charlotte, North Carolina. He was of Scots-Irish descent and was the eldest of four children born to Morrow (nee Coffey) and William Franklin Graham Sr., a dairy farmer. Graham was raised on a family dairy farm with his two younger sisters, Catherine Morrow and Jean and a younger brother, Melvin Thomas. When he was eight years old in 1927, the family moved about 75 yards (69 m) from their white frame house to a newly built red brick home.

Conteúdo: While attending college, Graham became pastor of the United Gospel Tabernacle and also had other preaching engagements. From 1943 to 1944, Graham briefly served as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Western Springs, Illinois, which was not far from Wheaton. While there, his friend Torrey Johnson, pastor of the Midwest Bible Church in Chicago, told Graham that his radio program, Songs in the Night, was about to be canceled due to lack of funding. Consulting with the members of his church in Western Springs, Graham decided to take over Johnson's program with financial support from his congregation. Launching the new radio program on January 2, 1944, still called Songs in the Night, Graham recruited the bass-baritone George Beverly Shea as his director of radio ministry. While the radio ministry continued for many years, Graham decided to move on in early 1945. In 1948 at the age of 29, he became president of Northwestern Bible College in Minneapolis and the youngest president of a college or university in the country, from which he resigned in 1952. Graham initially intended to become a chaplain in the Armed Forces, but he contracted mumps shortly after applying for a commission. After a period of recuperation in Florida, he was hired as the first full-time evangelist of the new Youth for Christ (YFC), co-founded by Torrey Johnson and the Canadian evangelist Charles Templeton. Graham traveled throughout both the United States and Europe as a YFCI evangelist. Templeton applie

user: When did Billy begin his ministry career?

assistant: While attending college, Graham became pastor of the United Gospel Tabernacle and also had other preaching engagements.

user: Where did he work?

assistant: From 1943 to 1944, Graham briefly served as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Western Springs, Illinois,

user: How long did Graham work for the church?

assistant: 1943 to 1944,

user: What did Graham do for the church during this time period?

assistant: pastor of the Midwest Bible Church in Chicago, told Graham that his radio program, Songs in the Night, was about to be canceled due to lack of funding.
Título: The Righteous Brothers
Seção: 1964-1965: The Spector years
Background: The Righteous Brothers are an American musical duo of Bill Medley and (formerly) Bobby Hatfield. They began performing together in 1962 in the Los Angeles area as part of a five-member group called the Paramours, but adopted the name "The Righteous Brothers" when they embarked on their recording career as a duo. Their most active recording period was in the 1960s and 70s, and although the duo was inactive for some years, Hatfield and Medley reunited in 1981 and continued to perform until Hatfield's death in 2003. Their emotive vocal style is sometimes dubbed "blue-eyed soul".

Conteúdo: In 1964, music producer Phil Spector came across the Righteous Brothers when they performed in a show at the Cow Palace in Daly City, where one of Spector's acts, The Ronettes, was also appearing. Spector was impressed enough to arrange a deal with Moonglow in early October 1964 which allowed Spector to record and release songs by the Righteous Brothers in the US, Canada and UK under his own label, Philles Records. Prior to this, all the songs Spector produced for Philles Records featured black singers; the Righteous Brothers would be his first white vocal group for the label, but they had a black vocal style, termed "blue-eyed soul", that suited Spector. Spector commissioned Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil to write a song for them, which turned out to be "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'". The song, released in late 1964, became their first major hit single and reached No. 1 in February 1965. Produced by Phil Spector, the record is often cited as one of the peak expressions of Spector's Wall of Sound production techniques. It is one of the most successful pop singles of its time, despite exceeding the then-standard length for radio play. Indeed, according to BMI, "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century, with more than eight million airplays by the end of 1999. The Righteous Brothers had several other hit singles with Philles Records in 1965, including "Just Once in My Life" and "Unchained Melody" (originally t

user: What did they do during the spector years?

assistant: You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'". The song, released in late 1964, became their first major hit single

user: Did they win any awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they win any other awards?

assistant: Ebb Tide", which reached No. 5. Hatfield was the only vocal on "Unchained Melody" and "Ebb Tide",

user: Was there anything else interesting about the article?

assistant: "You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin'" is the most-played song on American radio and television of the 20th century,

user: Did they win any awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they have other records?

assistant: Hung on You
Work study 
Find out how our Veterans work - study program can help you earn money while you re enrolled in a college, a vocational school, or professional training program. 

Can I take part in the Veterans work-study program? 
You can take part in our work - study program if you meet all of the requirements listed below. All of these must be true. You: Are enrolled at least three - quarter time in a college degree, vocational, or professional program , and Have found an open job either at a nearby VA facility or in a VA - related role at your school , and Can finish the work - study contract while you still qualify for education benefits , and Are using an approved VA education benefits program to pay for your education or training Approved VA education benefits programs include : Post-9/11 GI Bill for Veterans Post-9/11 GI Bill for family members using transferred benefits Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty MGIB - AD Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserve MGIB - SR Veterans Educational Assistance Program VEAP Survivors and Dependents Educational Assistance (DEA) (Note: Dependents who qualify under 38 U.S.C. Chapter 35 may use work study only while enrolled at a school in one of the 50 states.) National Call to Service Vocational rehabilitation and employment 

What kind of benefits can I get? 
You can get paid to work a part - time job while you study. 

How do I get these benefits? 
You ll need to apply for the work - study program by filling out an Application for Work - Study Allowance VA Form 22 - 8691. Download VA Form 22 - 8691 PDF If you have any questions about the program , contact the VA regional processing office that handles your claim. Contact your VA regional processing office If you have questions about other sources of financial assistance , contact your school s financial aid office. 

What kind of job can I get? 
You can get a job that s related to VA work, meets your interests, and fills a need. For example , you can work for a : VA facility Departm

user: please show me information about Work study

assistant: Find out how our Veterans work - study program can help you earn money while you re enrolled in a college , a vocational school , or professional training program .

user: Can I take part in the Veterans work-study program?

assistant: You can take part in our work - study program if you meet all of the requirements listed
Título: Simon Cowell
Seção: Got Talent
Background: Simon Phillip Cowell was born on 7 October 1959 in Lambeth, London, and raised in Elstree, Hertfordshire. His mother, Julie Brett (nee Josie Dalglish; 1925-2015), was a ballet dancer and socialite, and his father, Eric Selig Phillip Cowell (1918-1999), was an estate agent, property developer, and music industry executive. Cowell's paternal grandmother was a Polish immigrant. His father was from a mostly Jewish family, though he did not discuss his background with his children, and his mother was from a Christian background.

Conteúdo: In 2001, Cowell was given the role of judge on the first series of Pop Idol, a show that he and the show creator Simon Fuller successfully pitched to ITV Controller of Entertainment Claudia Rosencrantz. Cowell's S Records signed the top two finishers of the first season of Pop Idol, Will Young and Gareth Gates, both of whom went on to have No 1 UK hits, which were the top 2 best-selling singles of 2002, as well as that of top 2 of the decade of 2000s. He also became a judge on the first season of American Idol in 2002. With his notoriously critical reputation, Cowell has been likened to TV personalities such as Judith Sheindlin, and Anne Robinson of her show. Cowell's prominence grew, fed by his signature phrase, "I don't mean to be rude, but ...", inevitably followed by an unsparingly blunt appraisal of the contestant's talents, personality, or even physical appearance. A lot of these one-liners were the product of coaching that Cowell received from noted publicist Max Clifford (who was sacked by Cowell after being convicted of sex offences as of May 2014). Cowell also appeared on the one-off World Idol programme in 2003, where it became clear that each country's version of the Idol had attempted to come up with its own "Simon Cowell" type personality. In 2003, Cowell placed No 33 on Channel 4's list of the all-time 100 Worst Britons. Cowell formed a new company Syco, which is divided into three units - Syco Music, Syco TV and Syco Film. Cowell returned to music with his lat

user: What year did he create Got Talent?

assistant: Cowell is the executive producer of America's Got Talent, which debuted in June 2006,

user: How long did this show air on tv?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Was that the end of the show in 2009

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was noteable about his involvement with Got Talent?

assistant: for Howard Stern on America's Got Talent

user: Who were judges on the show with him?

assistant: Cowell appeared as a judge alongside Amanda Holden and Piers Morgan.

user: What was in the contract that kept him from appearing?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Kevin Spacey
Seção: Sexual misconduct allegations
Background: Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, to Kathleen Ann (nee Knutson), a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler, a technical writer and data consultant. He has an older brother, Randy Fowler, who is a limo driver and Rod Stewart impersonator in Boise, Idaho, and a sister, Julie Ann Fowler Keir, an office worker. His family relocated to Southern California when Spacey was four years old. Randy Fowler (from whom Spacey is estranged) has stated that their father, whom he described as a racist "Nazi supporter", was sexually and physically abusive, and that Spacey had shut down emotionally and become "very sly and smart" to avoid whippings.

Conteúdo: On October 29, 2017, actor Anthony Rapp alleged that Spacey, apparently drunk, made a sexual advance toward him in 1986, when Rapp was 14. Spacey stated through Twitter that he did not remember the encounter, but that he owed Rapp "the sincerest apology for what would have been deeply inappropriate drunken behavior" if he had behaved as asserted. Fifteen others then came forward alleging similar abuse including: journalist Heather Unruh, who alleged that Spacey sexually assaulted her son; Norwegian author and Royal Family member Ari Behn; filmmaker Tony Montana; actor Roberto Cavazos; Richard Dreyfuss's son Harry; and eight people who worked on House of Cards. An anonymous man alleged that he had an extended sexual relationship with Spacey in 1983, when he was 14 and Spacey was 24; the man said that the relationship ended with Spacey attempting to rape him. The Guardian was contacted by "a number of people" who worked at the Old Vic, where Spacey was artistic director for 11 years, alleging that he "groped and behaved in an inappropriate way with young men at the time". On November 16, the Old Vic confirmed that it had received 20 testimonies of alleged inappropriate behavior by Spacey, with three stating that they contacted the police. In December, Spacey's Usual Suspects costar Gabriel Byrne revealed that production on that film was shut down for two days because Spacey made unwanted sexual advances toward a younger actor. In the midst of the allegations, filming was suspen

user: When was Kevin accused?

assistant: On October 29, 2017, actor Anthony Rapp alleged that Spacey, apparently drunk, made a sexual advance toward him in 1986, when Rapp was 14.
Título: Luis Walter Alvarez
Seção: Aviation
Background: Luis Walter Alvarez was born in San Francisco on June 13, 1911, the second child and oldest son of Walter C. Alvarez, a physician, and his wife Harriet nee Smyth, and a grandson of Luis F. Alvarez, a physician who lived for a time in Spain, then Cuba, and finally the United States, who found a better method for diagnosing macular leprosy. He had an older sister, Gladys, a younger brother, Bob, and a younger sister, Bernice. His aunt, Mabel Alvarez, was a California artist specializing in oil painting. He attended Madison School in San Francisco from 1918 to 1924, and then San Francisco Polytechnic High School.

Conteúdo: In his autobiography, Alvarez said, "I think of myself as having had two separate careers, one in science and one in aviation. I've found the two almost equally rewarding." An important contributor to this was his enjoyment of flying. He learned to fly in 1933, later earning instrument and multi-engine ratings. Over the next 50 years he accumulated over 1000 hours of flight time, most of it as pilot in command. He said, "I found few activities as satisfying as being pilot in command with responsibility for my passengers' lives." Alvarez made numerous professional contributions to aviation. During World War II he led the development of multiple aviation-related technologies. Several of his projects are described above, including Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) for which he was awarded the Collier Trophy in 1945. He also held the basic patent for the radar transponder, for which he assigned rights to the U.S. government for $1. Later in his career Alvarez served on multiple high level advisory committees related to civilian and military aviation. These included a Federal Aviation Administration task group on future air navigation and air traffic control systems, the President's Science Advisory Committee Military Aircraft Panel, and a committee studying how the scientific community could help improve the United States' capabilities for fighting a nonnuclear war. Alvarez's aviation responsibilities led to many adventures. For example, while working on GCA he became the first ci

user: what did he do with aviation?

assistant: Alvarez's aviation responsibilities led to many adventures.

user: did he fly as his career?

assistant: Over the next 50 years he accumulated over 1000 hours of flight time,

user: what were some of his careers that involved flying?

assistant: most of it as pilot in command. He said, "I found few activities as satisfying as being pilot in command with responsibility for my passengers' lives.
Do you have unanswered questions about the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) process? 
Get in - depth information about the FAFSA form and what to expect after you submit your application. Find answers to common questions that FAFSA filers may have. 

Trending Topics 
Which school year should I select if I am applying for a summer session? What do I do if I forgot my FSA ID username and password? What are the deadlines for filling out the FAFSA form? How do I correct my FAFSA form? What income and tax information do I report on the 2020 21 FAFSA form? 

On this Page 
Parents Getting Started How do I...? FSA ID After the FAFSA Form: Next Steps Contact Us 

Parents 
Help for your parents if they will be working on your FAFSA form. What if my parents have more than one child in college at the same time? Can my parent and I share the same FSA ID? Will I need my parent s information? How can my parent fill out the FAFSA form if he or she can t use my FSA ID? 

Getting Started 
Help with the FAFSA process before you begin. Am I eligible to receive financial aid? What are the deadlines for filling out the FAFSA form? What is the FAFSA form? What will I need to fill out the FAFSA form? 

How Do I...? 
Help with the most common questions about the FAFSA process. How do I correct my FAFSA form? How do I use the IRS Data Retrieval Tool? How do I view my Student Aid Report? How do I sign my FAFSA form? 

FSA ID 
Help using the FSA ID a username and password you use on Federal Student Aid websites. What is an FSA ID and will I need it to complete the FAFSA form? What if I forgot my FSA ID username and password? I received an error that my name, date of birth, and Social Security number listed on my FAFSA form do not match my FSA ID. What does that mean? How do I unlock my FSA ID? 

After the FAFSA Form: Next Steps 
Help with what happens after you submit your FAFSA form. I submitted my FAFSA form. What happens next? How do I check the status of my FAFSA form? Wh

user: Hello, I need some help with my application for student aid, please.

assistant: a

assistant: a

user: a

assistant: a
Título: Raven (DC Comics)
Seção: First life of Raven
Background: Raven is a fictional superheroine appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character first appeared in a special insert in DC Comics Presents #26 (October 1980), and was created by writer Marv Wolfman and artist George Perez. The daughter of a demon father (Trigon) and human mother (Arella), Raven is an empath who can teleport and control her "soul-self", which can fight physically, as well as act as Raven's eyes and ears away from her physical body. She is a prominent member of the superhero team Teen Titans.

Conteúdo: Raven is half human/half demon daughter of interdimensional demon Trigon and Gotham City-born human Angela Roth (known as Arella). Raven was conceived as the result of Trigon's marriage to Arella. Raven grew up in an alternate dimension called Azarath, with pacifistic inhabitants whose spiritual leader was the mystic Azar (Pagon). She was taught to "control her emotions" by Azar, in order to suppress her inherited demonic powers. Initially, it was feared that if Raven were ever to feel any strong emotion, she could then become possessed by her father's evil demonic energy inside of her. During this time, Raven rarely saw her mother and grew detached from her. Upon Azar's death, Arella began the task of raising and teaching Raven. Around this same time, she met her father face to face for the first time. Soon after her 18th birthday, Raven learned that Trigon planned to come to her dimension; she vowed to stop him. Raven initially approached the Justice League for help, but they refused her on the advice of Zatanna, who sensed her demonic parentage. In desperation, she reformed the Titans as the New Teen Titans to fight her father. The team consisted of Robin, Kid Flash, Wonder Girl, Starfire, Cyborg, and Beast Boy. Raven and her new friends later came to think of one another as family. Trigon soon took Raven to his home dimension. The team defeated Trigon and sealed him in an interdimensional prison with the help of Arella, who stayed at the interdimensional door as Trigon's 

user: What is the first life of Raven?

assistant: Raven is half human/half demon daughter of interdimensional demon Trigon and Gotham City-born human Angela Roth (known as Arella).

user: What was Azarath like?

assistant: with pacifistic inhabitants whose spiritual leader was the mystic Azar (Pagon).

user: Why did she have to control her emotions?

assistant: Initially, it was feared that if Raven were ever to feel any strong emotion, she could then become possessed by her father's evil demonic energy inside of her.

user: What else happened in this first life time?

assistant: During this time, Raven rarely saw her mother and grew detached from her.

user: What about her father?

assistant: she met her father face to face for the first time.
Título: The Boo Radleys
Seção: Wake Up! and beyond
Background: The Boo Radleys were an English alternative rock band of the 1990s who were associated with the shoegazing and Britpop movements. They were formed in Wallasey, Merseyside, England in 1988, with Rob Harrison on drums, singer/guitarist Simon "Sice" Rowbottom, guitarist/songwriter Martin Carr, and bassist Timothy Brown. Their name is taken from the character Boo Radley in Harper Lee's 1960 novel, To Kill a Mockingbird. Shortly after the release of their first album Ichabod and I, Steve Hewitt replaced Rob Harrison on drums and he was in turn replaced by Rob Cieka.

Conteúdo: Despite critical acclaim and a cult fanbase, the Boo Radleys were still largely unknown to the general public by the time the Britpop phenomenon broke into the mainstream in 1995. This changed when the band released the upbeat single "Wake Up Boo!" in the spring of that year. It made the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 9. The single remained on the chart for two months, by far the band's longest run for any of its singles; later, on 26 October 2009, BFBS Forces Radio launched its live Afghanistan studio output with the track after it topped a listeners poll seeking a suitable first track. Carr describes writing the song watching The Big Breakfast after a night on acid. The follow-up release, "Find the Answer Within," was the band's only other single to chart for more than two weeks. Their fourth album Wake Up! (1995), was their commercial peak. Interviewed in 2005 by the BBC, Carr said: "I tried to have nothing to do with what was being called Britpop. Our whole career was spent trying not to 'fit in'. We just carried on doing what we had been doing. I didn't like most of the new bands or the flag-waving. I didn't like New Labour or idolise Paul Weller and I hated media-generated movements within music". In 1996, the Boo Radleys released their fifth album C'mon Kids. As explained by Rowbottom in an interview in 2005: "We didn't want to scare away the hit-kids, we wanted to take them with us to somewhere that we'd not been before. All we wanted to do was make

user: When was Wake Up! released?

assistant: 1995

user: Was it an album?

assistant: Their fourth album Wake Up

user: Did the album have any singles?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did the album peak it on the billboards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico
Seção: The 1970s
Background: El Gran Combo de Puerto Rico, commonly known as El Gran Combo, is a Puerto Rican salsa orchestra based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Celebrating its 50th anniversary in 2012, it is Puerto Rico's most successful musical group, and is considered "the most popular Salsa group that has ever existed". The group received the moniker La Universidad de la Salsa (The University of Salsa) in Colombia, due to the sheer number of famous salsa musicians and singers who developed their careers with it, who started with the group (particularly Andy Montanez), or who were occasionally backed up by the band (including Celia Cruz, Hector Lavoe and La India). The salsa orchestra was founded in May 1962, by Rafael Ithier.

Conteúdo: In 1970, El Gran Combo's contract with Gema Records was not renewed. Despite offers from other record companies including the Motown label, the group decided to self-release recordings under their own newly created independent label, Combo Records (alternatively known as EGC Records). The first album released on the label was the 1970 album entitled Estamos Primeros. On February 15, 1970, the members of El Gran Combo shared a near death experience. They were at Venezuela, and scheduled to fly the following day to Las Americas International Airport in Santo Domingo. After landing they were told about the Dominicana Airlines DC-9 that crashed off the Caribbean coast which occurred the night before. Therefore, the tale about a group member having a bad feeling regarding that flight while stranded at the Santo Domingo airport is not entirely true, since they did not arrive there until the day after the crash. In 1971, El Gran Combo introduced the trombone to their instrument mix. The trombone was played by Fanny Ceballos. Soon after, their production named De Punta a Punta was released. In 1972, they released the album "Por el Libro", which marks the 10th anniversary of the orchestra. Pellin Rodriguez left the group to embark on a solo career. Rodriguez was replaced by Charlie Aponte at the recommendation of Jerry Concepcion and the well known sportscaster Rafael Bracero, both friends of Ithier. In 1973, El Gran Combo sang in front of 50,000 fans at the famous Yankee Stadium in N

user: What happened in the 1970s?

assistant: El Gran Combo's contract with Gema Records was not renewed.

user: What did they do after that?

assistant: the group decided to self-release recordings under their own newly created independent label, Combo Records (

user: Were they successful under the new label?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
Seção: Philosopher
Background: Gottfried Wilhelm (von) Leibniz (; German: ['gotfRi:t 'vIlhelm fon 'laIbnIts] or ['laIpnIts]; French:

Conteúdo: Leibniz's philosophical thinking appears fragmented, because his philosophical writings consist mainly of a multitude of short pieces: journal articles, manuscripts published long after his death, and many letters to many correspondents. He wrote only two book-length philosophical treatises, of which only the Theodicee of 1710 was published in his lifetime. Leibniz dated his beginning as a philosopher to his Discourse on Metaphysics, which he composed in 1686 as a commentary on a running dispute between Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld. This led to an extensive and valuable correspondence with Arnauld; it and the Discourse were not published until the 19th century. In 1695, Leibniz made his public entree into European philosophy with a journal article titled "New System of the Nature and Communication of Substances". Between 1695 and 1705, he composed his New Essays on Human Understanding, a lengthy commentary on John Locke's 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, but upon learning of Locke's 1704 death, lost the desire to publish it, so that the New Essays were not published until 1765. The Monadologie, composed in 1714 and published posthumously, consists of 90 aphorisms. Leibniz met Spinoza in 1676, read some of his unpublished writings, and has since been suspected of appropriating some of Spinoza's ideas. While Leibniz admired Spinoza's powerful intellect, he was also forthrightly dismayed by Spinoza's conclusions, especially when these were inconsistent wi

user: What was his philosophy?

assistant: Leibniz's philosophical thinking appears fragmented,

user: What else die he believe?

assistant: Leibniz dated his beginning as a philosopher to his Discourse on Metaphysics, which he composed in 1686 as a commentary on a running dispute between Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld.

user: Can you tell me more about his philosophies?

assistant: Leibniz was deeply interested in the new methods and conclusions of Descartes, Huygens, Newton, and Boyle,

user: What is interesting or notable about the article?

assistant: Leibniz met Spinoza in 1676, read some of his unpublished writings, and has since been suspected of appropriating some of Spinoza's ideas.

user: Any other noteworthy observations?

assistant: While Leibniz admired Spinoza's powerful intellect, he was also forthrightly dismayed by Spinoza's conclusions, especially when these were inconsistent with Christian orthodoxy.

user: what did he do next?

assistant: ". Between 1695 and 1705, he composed his New Essays on Human Understanding, a lengthy commentary on John Locke's 1690 An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,

user: Were the essays well received?

assistant: but upon learning of Locke's 1704 death, lost the desire to publish it, so that the New Essays were not published until 1765.
Título: Simon Cowell
Seção: Other talent shows
Background: Simon Phillip Cowell was born on 7 October 1959 in Lambeth, London, and raised in Elstree, Hertfordshire. His mother, Julie Brett (nee Josie Dalglish; 1925-2015), was a ballet dancer and socialite, and his father, Eric Selig Phillip Cowell (1918-1999), was an estate agent, property developer, and music industry executive. Cowell's paternal grandmother was a Polish immigrant. His father was from a mostly Jewish family, though he did not discuss his background with his children, and his mother was from a Christian background.

Conteúdo: On 16 March 2006, American Inventor debuted on ABC. Cowell co-produced the show with Peter Jones who had devised the concept. Fledgling entrepreneurs from across the United States competed to see who could come up with the best new product concept. The 2006 winner, Janusz Liberkowski, received $1 million and the opportunity to develop his idea into a business. The show returned one more time in 2007 for a second season. In 2006, Cowell executive-produced Celebrity Duets, which was described as "an Idol show for Hollywood superstars." The show was hosted by Wayne Brady, and its judges were Marie Osmond, Little Richard and David Foster. Cowell was also the executive producer of Grease Is the Word for ITV. This show set out to find performers to play Danny and Sandy in the 2007 West End revival of Grease. It was hosted by Zoe Ball and judged by Britons David Ian and Sinitta and Americans David Gest and Brian Friedman. The musical theatre casting concept had already been introduced by the BBC with the ratings hit How Do You Solve A Problem Like Maria?, but Cowell's show was not the hoped-for success. He himself said, "It has been slaughtered by the critics - and rightly so. It is far too similar to our other formats." Cowell collaborated with UK production company Shed Media to produce 2008 ITV drama series Rock Rivals, which is based on an X Factor type show. In 2011, Cowell also created his first game show, titled Red or Black? and hosted by Ant & Dec, for ITV. Series 1 was bro

user: What other talent shows has Cowell been involved with?

assistant: American Inventor

user: What was his role in Celebrity Duets?

assistant: executive-produced

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: In 2013 Cowell, in partnership with YouTube, launched a video-sharing competition called The You Generation.

user: What happened with Rock Rivals?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What other collaborations has Cowell created?

assistant: In 2013 Cowell, in partnership with YouTube, launched a video-sharing competition called The You Generation.

user: What were the results of the partnership?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Cowell was also the executive producer of Grease Is the Word for ITV.
Título: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
Seção: Disaster and triumph
Background: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin,  (26 June 1824 - 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form. He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work.

Conteúdo: Thomson's fears were realized when Whitehouse's apparatus proved insufficiently sensitive and had to be replaced by Thomson's mirror galvanometer. Whitehouse continued to maintain that it was his equipment that was providing the service and started to engage in desperate measures to remedy some of the problems. He succeeded only in fatally damaging the cable by applying 2,000 V. When the cable failed completely Whitehouse was dismissed, though Thomson objected and was reprimanded by the board for his interference. Thomson subsequently regretted that he had acquiesced too readily to many of Whitehouse's proposals and had not challenged him with sufficient energy. A joint committee of inquiry was established by the Board of Trade and the Atlantic Telegraph Company. Most of the blame for the cable's failure was found to rest with Whitehouse. The committee found that, though underwater cables were notorious in their lack of reliability, most of the problems arose from known and avoidable causes. Thomson was appointed one of a five-member committee to recommend a specification for a new cable. The committee reported in October 1863. In July 1865, Thomson sailed on the cable-laying expedition of the SS Great Eastern but the voyage was again dogged by technical problems. The cable was lost after 1,200 miles (1,900 km) had been laid and the expedition had to be abandoned. A further expedition in 1866 managed to lay a new cable in two weeks and then go on to recover and complete the 1

user: What was the disaster?

assistant: Thomson's fears were realized when Whitehouse's apparatus proved insufficiently sensitive and had to be replaced by Thomson's mirror galvanometer.

user: In what year did this happen?

assistant: 1865,
Título: Tan Dun
Seção: Film and multimedia
Background: Tan Dun (simplified Chinese: Tan Dun ; traditional Chinese: Tan Dun ; pinyin: Tan Dun, Mandarin pronunciation: [than tu@n]; born 18 August 1957) is a Chinese contemporary classical composer and conductor, most widely known for his scores for the movies Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon and Hero, as well as composing music for the medal ceremonies at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. His works often incorporate audiovisual elements; use instruments constructed from organic materials, such as paper, water, and stone; and are often inspired by traditional Chinese theatrical and ritual performance. In 2013, he was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador. He has won numerous awards for his works, including an Academy Award, a Grammy Award and a BAFTA award.

Conteúdo: Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000), for which he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award. Other film credits include the aforementioned Hero (Zhang Yimou, 2002), Gregory Hoblit's Fallen (1998), and Feng Xiaogang's The Banquet (2006). Following the composition of the film score for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra. Containing edited footage from the film, this work reverses the role of music in film by treating video as secondary. This same technique was later applied to his film scores for Hero and The Banquet, resulting in the larger work known as the Martial Arts Cycle. In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra. The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities. The musicians onstage, including the cello soloist, interact with the musicians onscreen--a duet of live and recorded performance. The work was premiered and commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra with Yo-Yo Ma. Tan Dun's most recent multimedia work, Nu Shu: The Secret Songs of Women (2013), is a 13-movement work for video, solo harp, and orchestra. Following years of ethnomusicological research in Hunan, the work captures the sounds of Nushu script, a phonetic writing s

user: What did Tan do with film?

assistant: Tan Dun earned more widespread attention after composing the score for Ang Lee's Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000),

user: Did he get any awards for this?

assistant: he won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, and a BAFTA Award.

user: What was his next notable project?

assistant: Tan Dun rearranged the music to create the Crouching Tiger Concerto for cello, video, and chamber orchestra.

user: How was that show recieved?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did he do in multimedia?

assistant: In 2002, Tan Dun continued experimenting with application of video in music The Map, also for cello, video, and orchestra.

user: Can you elaborate on this?

assistant: The Map features documentary footage depicting the lives of China's Tujia, Miao, and Dong ethnic minorities.
Título: Casey Stengel
Seção: Return to the minors (1944-1948)
Background: Charles Dillon Stengel was born on July 30, 1890, in Kansas City, Missouri. His ancestry involves German and Irish; his parents--Louis Stengel and Jennie (Wolff) Stengel--were from the Quad Cities area of Illinois and Iowa, and had moved to Kansas City soon after their 1886 wedding so Louis could take an insurance job. "Charlie" was the youngest of three children, and the second son. Charlie Stengel played sandlot baseball as a child, and also played baseball, football and basketball at Kansas City's Central High School.

Conteúdo: Stengel thought the 1943 season would be his last in baseball; Edna urged him to look after the family business interests full-time, and Casey, who had always been an athlete, was reluctant to show himself at a baseball stadium with the imperfectly-healed injury. But early in the 1944 season, the minor-league Milwaukee Brewers had a managing vacancy to fill, as the Chicago Cubs had hired away the Brewer manager, Charlie Grimm, who had played with Stengel on the 1919 Pirates. Grimm told the Cubs he was obliged to see the Brewers had a competent replacement, and urged the Brewers to hire Stengel. The team owner, Bill Veeck, stationed with the Marines on Guadalcanal, thought ill of Stengel as a manager, and was very reluctant in his consent when reached by cable. Stengel was adept at fostering good relations with reporters, and the very talented team continued to win; by the end of May, Veeck had withdrawn his objections. The team won the American Association pennant, but lost in the playoffs to Louisville. Veeck, having returned to the United States, offered to rehire Stengel for 1945, but Stengel preferred another offer he received. This was from George Weiss of the New York Yankees, to manage the team Stengel had begun with, the Kansas City Blues, by then a Yankee farm club. Kansas City had finished last in the American Association as Milwaukee won the pennant, making it something of a comedown for Stengel, who hoped to return to the major leagues. Nevertheless, it was in his

user: what did he do in 1944?

assistant: Grimm told the Cubs he was obliged to see the Brewers had a competent replacement, and urged the Brewers to hire Stengel.

user: who filled the vacancy?

assistant: Stengel was adept at fostering good relations with reporters, and the very talented team continued to win; by the end of May, Veeck had withdrawn his objections.

user: when did he return to the minors?

assistant: 1944

user: was he a manager or player?

assistant: manager,
Applying for Medicare Only 
If you are within three months of age 65 or older and not ready to start your monthly Social Security benefits yet , you can use our online retirement application to sign up just for Medicare and wait to apply for your retirement or spouses benefits later. Before you decide , you need to be sure that you understand how waiting until later will affect : the lifetime benefits we can pay on your account and your health insurance coverage. 

Lifetime Benefits We Can Pay On Your Record 
You can start your retirement benefit at any point from age 62 up until age 70. Your benefit amountwill be higher the longer you delay starting it. This adjustment is usually permanent. If you: Apply for benefits before full retirement age , your benefitswill be reduced because you are taking them earlier. (Full retirement age is 66 for people born between 1943 and 1954. Beginning with 1955, two months are added for every birth year until the full retirement age reaches 67 for people born in 1960 or later.) If your full retirement age is 66 and you decideto start your retirement benefits at age 65 , your benefit will be 93.33 percent of yourfull benefit amount. Delay receiving retirement benefits until after you reach full retirementage any month up to age 70 , you can increase your benefit by accumulating Delayed Retirement Credits. If your full retirement age is 66 and 2 months and you wait until age 70 , your benefitwill be 130.67 percent of your full retirement age benefit. Have family members who qualify for benefits, a delay meansyou would lose some of the benefits they might have received. However , delaying benefitsalso increases the maximum monthly survivors benefit your spouse may receive. 

If You Plan To Continue Working 
Even if you plan to continue working , you may still be able to receive some benefits. If you areunder full retirement age and you earn over a certain amount , we will deduct the excess earnings from your benefits. If you delay r

user: How do i apply for medicare?

assistant: are you  within three months of age 65 or older and not ready to start your monthly Social Security benefits yet
I don't have my original U.S. birth certificate or marriage record 
The New York State Department of Health Vital Records office [1] can help you with obtaining vital records in the state. Alternatively , you can order vital records online from New York and many other states through an independent partner, VitalChek Network Inc., at vitalchek.com [2]. 

I don t have enough proof of name identification to bring to the DMV. What can I do? 
You may already have more proof documents than you think , or you may be able to get some proof documents. Here are some suggestions. Bank card debit with your name preprinted on it. Some banks will give you a card the same day you open an account. Online bill printouts. You can print out a copy of a paperless bill. For example , a phone bill, electricity / gas bill, water bill or cable bill. Divorce papers. You can contact your lawyer to find out where to go to obtain the papers, or check with the state where you got divorced. Remember , you must show us the original documents or a certified copy. Duplicate marriage certificate. You can check with the city, town or county where you were married. A lot of localities will allow you to order duplicates online. High school diploma or GED. You can contact the education department in the state where you graduated for a certified copy. If you attended school at a Community College , you may have received a General Educational Development GED certificate. You can contact the college for a certified copy. U.S. college transcripts. You can order these from a college or university you attended, even if you did not graduate there. You will need to have a photo ID from the college. Work ID , paystub or a W2 from state. These documents do not have to be from New York and they do not have to be current. Union card. The card can be from another state. If you lost the card , you can ask the union for help getting a duplicate. Even if you no longer have that union job , you may be a member for lif

user: I don t have enough proof of name identification to bring to the DMV. What can I do?

assistant: You may already have more proof documents than you think,  or you may be able to get some proof documents . Here are some suggestions

user: what are the suggestions

assistant: Bank card debit with your name preprinted on it 

user: i can use proof-of-residence documents that are in my spouse s name 

assistant: you and your spouse have the same last name?