dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Carlton Fisk
Seção: Notable feuds
Background: Fisk was born in Bellows Falls, Vermont, but according to Fisk, that was only because Vermont had the nearest hospital to his hometown, Charlestown, New Hampshire. He grew up in Charlestown, across the Connecticut River from Bellows Falls, and attended Charlestown High School, where he played baseball and basketball. Because his family is from New Hampshire, he insisted that the organization remove from his plaque in the Red Sox Hall of Fame its characterization of him as a Vermont native. Fisk earned his longtime nickname, "Pudge", because he was a chubby youngster.

Conteúdo: Fisk was known for his longstanding feud with New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson. One particular incident that typified their feud, and the Yankees - Red Sox rivalry in general, occurred on August 1, 1973, at Fenway Park. With the score 2-2 in the top of the ninth inning, Munson, attempting to score on Gene Michael's missed bunt attempt, barreled into Fisk, triggering a 10-minute bench-clearing brawl in which both catchers were ejected. As John Curtis let his first pitch go, Munson broke for the plate. Michael tried to bunt, and missed. With Munson coming, the scrawny Yankees shortstop tried to step in Fisk's way, but Fisk elbowed him out of the way and braced for Munson, who crashed into him as hard as he could. Fisk held onto the ball, but Munson tried to lie on top of him to allow Felipe Alou to keep rounding the bases.  Fisk kicked Munson off him and into the air, and swiped at him with his fist. Michael grabbed Fisk, and as Curtis grabbed Munson--his former Cape Cod League roommate--Fisk threw Michael down with his left arm and fell to the ground. "Fisk had his left arm right across Stick's throat and wouldn't let up", said Ralph Houk, the Yankees' manager at the time. "Michael couldn't breathe. I had to crawl underneath the pile to try to pry Fisk's arm off his throat to keep him from killing Stick. All the while he had Michael pinned down, he was punching Munson underneath the pile. I had no idea Fisk was that strong, but he was scary."  In another incident typify

user: who does he have a feud with?

assistant: New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson.

user: what caused the feud?

assistant: the Yankees - Red Sox rivalry

user: what occurred during the feud?

assistant: 10-minute bench-clearing brawl in which both catchers were ejected.

user: who were the catchers?

assistant: Fisk was known for his longstanding feud with New York Yankees catcher Thurman Munson.
Título: Jane Goodall
Seção: Jane Goodall Institute
Background: Dame Jane Morris Goodall  (; born Valerie Jane Morris-Goodall, 3 April 1934), formerly Baroness Jane van Lawick-Goodall, is a British primatologist and anthropologist.

Conteúdo: In 1977, Goodall established the Jane Goodall Institute (JGI), which supports the Gombe research, and she is a global leader in the effort to protect chimpanzees and their habitats. With nineteen offices around the world, the JGI is widely recognised for community-centred conservation and development programs in Africa. Its global youth program, Roots & Shoots began in 1991 when a group of 16 local teenagers met with Goodall on her back porch in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. They were eager to discuss a range of problems they knew about from first-hand experience that caused them deep concern. The organisation now has over 10,000 groups in over 100 countries.  Due to an overflow of handwritten notes, photographs, and data piling up at Jane's home in Dar es Salaam in the mid-1990s, the Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies was created at the University of Minnesota to house and organise this data. Currently all of the original Jane Goodall archives reside there and have been digitised and analysed and placed in an online database. On 17 March 2011, Duke University spokesman Karl Bates announced that the archives will move to Duke, with Anne E. Pusey, Duke's chairman of evolutionary anthropology, overseeing the collection. Pusey, who managed the archives in Minnesota and worked with Goodall in Tanzania, had worked at Duke for a year.  Today, Goodall devotes virtually all of her time to advocacy on behalf of chimpanzees and the environment, travelling nearly 300 days a 

user: what does the Jane Goodall institute do?

assistant: the Jane Goodall Institute's Center for Primate Studies was created at the University of Minnesota to house and organise this data.

user: when was it established?

assistant: in the mid-1990s,

user: where is the institute located?

assistant: On 17 March 2011, Duke University spokesman Karl Bates announced that the archives will move to Duke,

user: has the institute had any support from others?

assistant: Pusey, who managed the archives in Minnesota and worked with Goodall in Tanzania, had worked at Duke for a year.

user: what kind of data are they collecting?

assistant: handwritten notes, photographs, and data

user: what did they do with the notes and data?

assistant: digitised and analysed and placed in an online database.

user: are the notes available publicly?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what was she known for?

assistant: Goodall devotes virtually all of her time to advocacy on behalf of chimpanzees and the environment,
Título: P. W. Botha
Seção: Apartheid government
Background: Pieter Willem Botha, DMS (Afrikaans pronunciation: ['pit@r 'v@l@m 'bU@ta]; 12 January 1916 - 31 October 2006), commonly known as "P. W." and Die Groot Krokodil (Afrikaans for "The Big Crocodile"), was the leader of South Africa from 1978 to 1989, serving as the last Prime Minister from 1978 to 1984 and the first executive State President from 1984 to 1989. First elected to Parliament in 1948, Botha was an outspoken opponent of majority rule and international communism. However, his administration did make concessions towards political reform, whereas internal unrest saw widespread human rights abuses at the hands of the government. Botha resigned the leadership of the ruling National Party in February 1989 after suffering a stroke and six months later was coerced to leave the presidency as well.

Conteúdo: In superficial ways, Botha's application of the apartheid system was less repressive than that of his predecessors. He legalised interracial marriage and miscegenation, both completely banned since the late 1940s. The constitutional prohibition on multiracial political parties was lifted. He also relaxed the Group Areas Act, which barred non-whites from living in certain areas. In 1988, a new law created "Open Group Areas" or racially mixed neighborhoods. But these neighborhoods had to receive a Government permit, and had to have the support of the local Whites immediately concerned, and had to be a high class neighborhood in the major cities typically in order to receive the permit. In 1983, the above constitutional reforms granted limited political rights to Coloureds and Indians. Botha also became the first South African government leader to authorise contacts with Nelson Mandela, the imprisoned leader of the African National Congress. However, in the face of rising discontent and violence, Botha refused to cede political power to blacks and imposed greater security measures against anti-apartheid activists. Botha also refused to negotiate with the ANC.  In 1985, Botha delivered the Rubicon speech which was a policy address in which he refused to give in to demands by the black population, including the release of Mandela. Botha's defiance of international opinion further isolated South Africa, leading to economic sanctions and a rapid decline in the value of the rand. The

user: What Was Bothas role in aprtheid

assistant: He legalised interracial marriage and miscegenation, both completely banned since the late 1940s.

user: Was this a popular move on his part?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he change any other laws during this time

assistant: The constitutional prohibition on multiracial political parties was lifted.

user: Were there any other segregation laws that he impacted

assistant: He also relaxed the Group Areas Act, which barred non-whites from living in certain areas.

user: What other impacts did he have on the government segregation issues

assistant: In 1988, a new law created "Open Group Areas" or racially mixed neighborhoods.

user: How many years was he active in fighting segregation

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Deepak Chopra
Seção: Early life and education
Background: Deepak Chopra (born October 22, 1946) is an American author, public speaker, alternative medicine advocate, and a prominent figure in the New Age movement. Through his books and videos, he has become one of the best-known and wealthiest figures in alternative medicine. Chopra studied medicine in India before emigrating to the United States in 1970 where he completed residencies in internal medicine and endocrinology. As a licensed physician, he became chief of staff at the New England Memorial Hospital (NEMH) in 1980.

Conteúdo: Chopra was born in New Delhi, India, to Krishan Lal Chopra (1919-2001) and Pushpa Chopra.  His paternal grandfather was a sergeant in the British Indian Army. His father was a prominent cardiologist, head of the department of medicine and cardiology at New Delhi's Moolchand Khairati Ram Hospital for over 25 years; he was also a lieutenant in the British army, serving as an army doctor at the front at Burma and acting as a medical adviser to Lord Mountbatten, viceroy of India. As of 2014 Chopra's younger brother, Sanjiv Chopra, is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and on staff at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.  Chopra completed his primary education at St. Columba's School in New Delhi and graduated from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences in 1969. He spent his first months as a doctor working in rural India, including, he writes, six months in a village where the lights went out whenever it rained. It was during his early career that he was drawn to study endocrinology, particularly neuroendocrinology, to find a biological basis for the influence of thoughts and emotions.  He married in India in 1970 before emigrating with his wife that year to the United States. The Indian government had banned its doctors from sitting the American Medical Association exam needed to practice in the USA, so Chopra had to travel to Sri Lanka to take it. After passing he arrived in the United States to take up a clinical internship at Muhlenberg Hospital in Plainf

user: Where was Chopra born?

assistant: New Delhi, India,

user: Do we know his birthdate?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What do they know about his parents?

assistant: His paternal grandfather was a sergeant in the British Indian Army.

user: Where did he attend school?

assistant: Chopra completed his primary education at St. Columba's School in New Delhi

user: Did he graduate with any honors or recognitions?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Where did Chopra attend university?

assistant: All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Título: Alan Kulwicki
Seção: Early racing career
Background: Kulwicki grew up in Greenfield, Wisconsin, a suburb of Milwaukee known for its Polish-American neighborhoods, near the Milwaukee Mile racetrack. After his mother died, his family moved in with his grandmother, who died when Kulwicki was in seventh grade. A year later, his only brother died of a hemophilia-related illness. Kulwicki attended Pius XI High School, a Roman Catholic high school in Milwaukee, and received a bachelor of science degree in mechanical engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee in 1977.

Conteúdo: Kulwicki began his racing career as a 13-year-old kart racer. His father built engines as the crew chief for Norm Nelson and Roger McCluskey's United States Automobile Club (USAC) racecars. Because his work involved travel, Kulwicki's father was unable to help his son at most kart races, so Kulwicki's resourcefulness was often tested trying to find someone to transport his kart to the track. Even when Kulwicki asked his father for advice, he typically ended up doing most of the work himself. "I showed him how", Gerry Kulwicki said. "And he said: 'Why don't you do it? You can do it better.' And I said, 'Well, if you do it for a while, you can do it better.'"  Many local-level American racetracks host their own season championships. In Wisconsin, numerous locations held dirt and asphalt short track racing. Kulwicki started driving stock cars at the local level at the Hales Corners Speedway and Cedarburg Speedway dirt oval tracks. In 1973, he won the rookie of the year award at Hales Corners Speedway in the Milwaukee suburb of Franklin, and the next year started racing late models - the fastest and most complicated type of stock cars raced at the local level - at the same track. That season, he won his first feature race, at Leo's Speedway in Oshkosh.  Kulwicki moved from dirt tracks to paved tracks in 1977. He also teamed up with racecar builder Greg Krieger to research, model, engineer, and construct an innovative car with far more torsional stiffness than other late models. T

user: when did Alan start racing?

assistant: Kulwicki began his racing career as a 13-year-old kart racer.

user: who made the karts for him?

assistant: Kulwicki asked his father for advice, he typically ended up doing most of the work himself. "I showed him how", Gerry Kulwicki said.

user: when did Alan start racing cars?

assistant: Kulwicki moved from dirt tracks to paved tracks in 1977.

user: did he have any sponsors?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Benefits 
The Supplemental Security Income SSI program pays benefits to disabled adults and children who have limited income and resources. SSI benefits also are payable to people 65 and older without disabilities who meet the financial limits. People who have worked long enough may also be able to receive Social Security disability or retirement benefits as well as SSI. Learn more about SSI 

How Do I Apply For SSI? 
If you would like to apply for SSI benefits for : 

An adult with a disability 
You can now file for Supplemental Security Income SSI online but only if you meet certain requirements. You are eligible to file online for SSI if you : Are between the ages of 18 and 65 ; Have never been married ; Aren t blind ; Are a U.S. citizen residing in one of the fifty states, District of Columbia, or the Northern Mariana Islands ; Haven t applied for or received SSI benefits in the past ; and Are applying for Social Security Disability Insurance at the same time as your SSI claim. Find out if you are eligible to receive Social Security Disability Benefits. Apply Online for SSI and Disability Benefits Once you finish the online process , a Social Security representative will contact you for any additional information needed for the applications. You can also schedule an appointment with a local Social Security office to file an application. Call 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213 TTY 1 - 800 - 325 - 0778 from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. , Monday through Friday or contact your local Social Security office. Learn more and start the disability process at our Disability Benefits page. 

A child with a disability 
Social Security does not yet have an online application for Children s benefits. Visit Apply For Disability Benefits Child Under Age 18 to apply for your child. You can complete the online Child Disability Report if you are ready to apply now. 

A person age 65 and older 
Call us at 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213. If you are deaf or hard of hearing , you can 

user: what is SSI

assistant:  The Supplemental Security Income SSI program pays benefits to disabled adults and children who have limited income and resources
Título: Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Seção: Terminology
Background: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers--and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are--many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering.

Conteúdo: Indigenas or pueblos indigenas ("indigenous peoples") is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries, and pueblos nativos or nativos (lit. "native peoples") may also be heard, while aborigen (aborigine) is used in Argentina, and pueblos aborigenes (aboriginal peoples) is common in Chile. The term "Amerindian" (short for "'Indians of the Americas") is used in Quebec, the Guianas, and the English-speaking Caribbean. In Brazil, indigenas or povos indigenas are common if formal-sounding designations, while indio is still the more often-heard term (the noun for the Indian nationality being indiano), and aborigene and nativo being rarely used in Amerindian-specific contexts (e.g. aborigene is usually understood as the ethnonym for Indigenous Australians). Indigenous peoples are commonly known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, which includes not only First Nations and Arctic Inuit, but also the minority population of First Nations-European mixed-race Metis people who identify culturally and ethnically with indigenous peoplehood. This is contrasted, for instance, to the American Indian-European mixed-race mestizos of Hispanic America (caboclos in Brazil) who, with their larger population (in most Latin American countries constituting either outright majorities, pluralities, or at the least large minorities), identify largely as a new ethnic group distinct from both Europeans and Indigenous Americans, but still considering themselves a subset of the European-derived Hispanic or Brazili

user: What were some of the terminology used?

assistant: Indigenas or pueblos indigenas

user: What else?

assistant: pueblos nativos or nativos (lit. "native peoples") may also be heard,

user: Who came up with these terms?

assistant: and pueblos aborigenes (aboriginal peoples) is common in Chile.

user: What did you find the most interesting in your article?

assistant: Application of the term "Indian" originated with Christopher Columbus,

user: Why did he use the term Indian?

assistant: Columbus, who, in his search for India, thought that he had arrived in the East Indies.

user: What did the "Indians" call the Europeans?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What other terminology did you find interesting?

assistant: Amerindian
Título: Paul Verhoeven
Seção: Return to Europe (2006-present)
Background: Paul Verhoeven was born on 18 July 1938, the son of a school teacher, Wim Verhoeven, and a hat maker, Nel van Schaardenburg. Although he was born in Amsterdam, the family lived in the village of Slikkerveer. In 1943 the family moved to The Hague, the location of the German headquarters in the Netherlands during World War II. The Verhoeven house was near a German military base with V1 and V2-rocket launchers, which was repeatedly bombed by allied forces.

Conteúdo: After about 20 years of working and living in the United States, Verhoeven returned to the Netherlands for the shooting of a new film. Together with his screenwriter Gerard Soeteman, Verhoeven made Black Book (2006). The director was hailed by the host of the Netherlands Film Festival with the words "The return of a hero." Black Book eventually won six Golden Calves at this festival, including Best Director. When the shooting of Black Book was delayed due to financial issues, there was speculation about a new production. The film Beast of Bataan had been announced, but once the shooting for Black Book resumed, the other film was never realized. Since his return to European cinema in 2006 with Black Book, Verhoeven has been connected to a large number of projects, but for the moment none of them has come to fruition. Some of those titles were produced with other directors at the helm, such as The Paperboy.  Finally, in a rather unexpected twist, Verhoeven followed Black Book by directing a movie in French: Elle, an adaptation of a novel by Philippe Djian. The film by Verhoeven, a psycho-thriller where Isabelle Huppert plays a rape victim, was selected in the Official Competition at the Cannes International Film Festival, where it obtained very favourable reviews.  Verhoeven has been a knight in the Order of the Netherlands Lion since 2007. In December 2016 it was announced that Verhoeven would be the President of the Jury for the 67th Berlin International Film Festival, schedu

user: Why did he return to Europe?

assistant: Verhoeven returned to the Netherlands for the shooting of a new film.

user: What film did he return to Europe for?

assistant: Black Book (2006).

user: When did he return to Europe for the filming?

assistant: Since his return to European cinema in 2006

user: Was the film successful?

assistant: Black Book eventually won six Golden Calves at this festival, including Best Director.

user: Did he make any other movies after he returned to Europe?

assistant: Elle, an adaptation of a novel by Philippe Djian.

user: When was it released?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: John Mortimer
Seção: Legal career
Background: Mortimer was born in Hampstead, London, the only child of Kathleen May (nee Smith) and Clifford Mortimer, a barrister who became blind in 1936 when he hit his head on the door frame of a London taxi but still pursued his career. Clifford's loss of sight was not acknowledged openly by the family. John Mortimer was educated at the Dragon School in Oxford and Harrow School, where he joined the Communist Party, forming a one-member cell. Originally Mortimer intended to be an actor (his lead role in the Dragon's 1937 production of Richard II gained glowing reviews in The Draconian) and then a writer, but his father persuaded him against it, advising: "My dear boy, have some consideration for your unfortunate wife...

Conteúdo: Mortimer was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in 1948, at the age of 25. His early career consisted of testamentary and divorce work, but on taking silk in 1966, he began to undertake work in criminal law. His highest profile, though, came from cases relating to claims of obscenity, which, according to Mortimer, were "alleged to be testing the frontiers of tolerance."  He has sometimes been incorrectly cited as a member in the Lady Chatterley's Lover obscenity trial defence team, though this is inaccurate. Mortimer did however successfully represent publishers John Calder and Marion Boyars in their 1968 appeal against their conviction for publishing Hubert Selby, Jr.'s Last Exit to Brooklyn. He assumed a similar role three years later, this time unsuccessfully, for Richard Handyside, the English publisher of The Little Red Schoolbook.  Mortimer was also defence counsel at the Oz conspiracy trial later in 1971. In 1976, he defended Gay News editor Denis Lemon (Whitehouse v. Lemon) for the publication of James Kirkup's "The Love that Dares to Speak its Name" against charges of blasphemous libel; Lemon was convicted with a suspended prison sentence, later overturned on appeal. His defence of Virgin Records in the 1977 obscenity hearing for their use of the word bollocks in the title of the Sex Pistols album Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols, and the manager of the Nottingham branch of the Virgin record shop chain for the record's display in a window and its sale, l

user: When did Mortimer start his legal career?

assistant: Mortimer was called to the Bar (Inner Temple) in 1948, at the age of 25.

user: What firm did he work for?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What type of law did he practice?

assistant: His early career consisted of testamentary and divorce work,

user: Did that change later in his career?

assistant: on taking silk in 1966, he began to undertake work in criminal law.

user: What is "taking silk"?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he work on any major cases?

assistant: Whitehouse v. Lemon

user: When was this case?

assistant: 1976,
About VA health benefits 
If you qualify for VA health care , you ll receive coverage for the services you need to help you get and stay healthy. Learn more about your health care benefits. 

What care and services does VA health care cover? 
Each Veteran s medical benefits package is unique. Yours will include care and services to help : Treat illnesses and injuries Prevent future health problems Improve your ability to function Enhance your quality of life All Veterans receive coverage for most care and services , but only some will qualify for added benefits like dental care. The full list of your covered benefits depends on : Your priority group , and The advice of your VA primary care provider your main doctor, nurse practitioner, or physician s assistant , and The medical standards for treating any health conditions you may have Learn more about priority groups You should also know that being signed up for VA health care meets your Affordable Care Act ACA health coverage requirement of having minimum essential health coverage. We ll update this site if the ACA changes with new laws. Learn more about the ACA, VA, and you 

What if I m just separating from active duty and don t know where to start? 
We can help you learn about and apply for VA health care benefits. A member of our Concierge for Care C4C team will call you soon after your separation from military service. We can answer any questions you may have, process your application over the phone, and help you schedule your first VA medical appointment. Learn about transitioning from TRICARE to VA health care 

More about your medical benefits package 
We cover preventive care services, like : Health exams including gender - specific exams Health education including nutrition education Immunization against infectious diseases like flu shots Counseling on genetic diseases diseases that run in families We cover inpatient hospital services, like : Surgeries Medical treatments Kidney dialysis Acute care short

user: What do I need to know about VA health benefits?

assistant: Do you know what benefits are given if you qualify for VA healthcare?

user: Yes, I know the benefits.

assistant: Then you do know that you will receive coverage for services you need help to get and stay healthy.

user: What must be true to fill a prescription by a non-VA community provider?

assistant: Are you enrolled in VA healthcare?

user: Yes, I am enrolled in VA healthcare.

assistant: Are you assigned a VA primary care provider?

user: Yes, my primary care provider is VA assigned.

assistant: Have you given your VA provider your medical records from you non-VA provider?

user: Yes, I have provided my non-VA provider records to my VA provider.

assistant: Does your VA provider agree with your prescription?
VA Agent Orange Registry exam 
If you think you had contact with Agent Orange, an herbicide used to clear trees and plants during the Vietnam War, or other herbicides while serving in the military , you can request a VA Agent Orange Registry health exam. Even if you don t have a known illness , the exam could alert you to illnesses that may be related to contact with herbicides. By being part of this registry , you re also helping your fellow Veterans by giving us information so we can better understand and serve those affected by Agent Orange related illnesses. 

Can I get an Agent Orange Registry health exam? 
You can get an Agent Orange Registry health exam if you served in any of the ways listed below. You must have served in one of these ways : In Vietnam between 1962 and 1975 for any length of time, including in the inland waterways Brown Water Navy and within the 12-mile territorial seas Blue Water Navy, or In Korea in a unit in or near the Demilitarized Zone DMZ anytime between April 1 , 1968, and August 31 , 1971, or In Thailand U.S. Air Force Veterans on Royal Thai Air Force RTAF bases near U - Tapao, Ubon, Nakhon Phanom, Udorn, Takhli, Korat, and Don Muang near the air base perimeter anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975, or In Thailand U.S. Army Veterans as perimeter security personnel on RTAF bases in Thailand anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975, or In Thailand U.S. Army Veterans on some small Army installations in Thailand anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975 if you were a member of a military police MP unit or assigned a job with duty placing you at or near the base perimeter , or In other locations , but you had contact with herbicides during a military operation or while testing, transporting, or spraying herbicides for military purposes Learn about herbicide tests and storage outside Vietnam 

Who s covered? 
Veterans 

How do I get these benefits? 
To schedule your exam , contact your local VA envi

user: Hello, I need help with getting my benefits.

assistant: Of course. Would you like to schedule your exam then?

user: Yes, sure.

assistant: Then you'll have to contact your local VA environmental health coordinator. If you qualify, you won't have to pay anything for this exam.
Título: Thomas Szasz
Seção: Therapeutic State
Background: Thomas Stephen Szasz ( SAHSS; Hungarian: Szasz Tamas Istvan [sa:s]; 15 April 1920 - 8 September 2012) was a Hungarian-American academic, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst. He served for most of his career as professor of psychiatry at the State University of New York Upstate Medical University in Syracuse, New York.

Conteúdo: The "Therapeutic State" is a phrase coined by Szasz in 1963. The collaboration between psychiatry and government leads to what Szasz calls the therapeutic state, a system in which disapproved actions, thoughts, and emotions are repressed ("cured") through pseudomedical interventions. Thus suicide, unconventional religious beliefs, racial bigotry, unhappiness, anxiety, shyness, sexual promiscuity, shoplifting, gambling, overeating, smoking, and illegal drug use are all considered symptoms or illnesses that need to be cured. When faced with demands for measures to curtail smoking in public, binge-drinking, gambling or obesity, ministers say that "we must guard against charges of nanny statism." The "nanny state" has turned into the "therapeutic state" where nanny has given way to counselor. Nanny just told people what to do; counselors also tell them what to think and what to feel. The "nanny state" was punitive, austere, and authoritarian, the therapeutic state is touchy-feely, supportive - and even more authoritarian.  According to Szasz, "the therapeutic state swallows up everything human on the seemingly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of health and medicine, just as the theological state had swallowed up everything human on the perfectly rational ground that nothing falls outside the province of God and religion." Faced with the problem of "madness", Western individualism proved to be ill-prepared to defend the rights of the individual: modern man h

user: What does therapeutic state refer to?

assistant: a system in which disapproved actions, thoughts, and emotions are repressed ("cured") through pseudomedical interventions.
Título: Burlesque
Seção: Literary origins and development
Background: A burlesque is a literary, dramatic or musical work intended to cause laughter by caricaturing the manner or spirit of serious works, or by ludicrous treatment of their subjects. The word derives from the Italian burlesco, which, in turn, is derived from the Italian burla - a joke, ridicule or mockery. Burlesque overlaps in meaning with caricature, parody and travesty, and, in its theatrical sense, with extravaganza, as presented during the Victorian era. "Burlesque" has been used in English in this literary and theatrical sense since the late 17th century.

Conteúdo: The word first appears in a title in Francesco Berni's Opere burlesche of the early 16th century, works that had circulated widely in manuscript before they were printed. For a time, burlesque verses were known as poesie bernesca in his honour. 'Burlesque' as a literary term became widespread in 17th century Italy and France, and subsequently England, where it referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic. Shakespeare's Pyramus and Thisbe scene in Midsummer Night's Dream and the general mocking of romance in Beaumont and Fletcher's The Knight of the Burning Pestle were early examples of such imitation.  In 17th century Spain, playwright and poet Miguel de Cervantes ridiculed medieval romance in his many satirical works. Among Cervantes' works are Exemplary Novels and the Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes published in 1615. The term burlesque has been applied retrospectively to works of Chaucer and Shakespeare and to the Graeco-Roman classics.  Burlesque was intentionally ridiculous in that it imitated several styles and combined imitations of certain authors and artists with absurd descriptions. In this, the term was often used interchangeably with "pastiche", "parody", and the 17th and 18th century genre of the "mock-heroic". Burlesque depended on the reader's (or listener's) knowledge of the subject to make its intended effect, and a high degree of literacy was taken for granted.  17th and 18th century burlesque was divided into two types: High burles

user: What was a famous example of Burlesque?

assistant: Exemplary Novels and the Eight Comedies and Eight New Interludes published in 1615.

user: Who was a famous writer of Burlesque?

assistant: Francesco Berni's

user: What did Francesco Berni write?

assistant: Opere burlesche

user: What are the literary roots of Burlesque?

assistant: referred to a grotesque imitation of the dignified or pathetic.
Título: Helloween
Seção: Line-up changes (2002-2004)
Background: Helloween are a German power metal band founded in 1984 in Hamburg, Northern Germany by members of bands Iron Fist and Gentry. Its first line-up consisted of singer and rhythm guitarist Kai Hansen, bass guitarist Markus Grosskopf, lead guitarist Michael Weikath, and drummer Ingo Schwichtenberg. After the release of a self-titled EP and their debut album Walls of Jericho in 1985, it expanded into a quintet with the addition of singer Michael Kiske, Hansen choosing to focus on guitar instead. Under this line-up, they released the Keeper of the Seven Keys albums (1987 and 1988), which established Helloween as a notable heavy metal band and led to the creation of the power metal subgenre.

Conteúdo: The year 2000 saw the release of The Dark Ride, a more experimental and darker album than their previous releases. It came complete with downtuned guitars and a gruffer singing style from Deris. Immediately following the tour, Helloween parted ways with guitarist Roland Grapow and drummer Uli Kusch. One version of events states that Weikath, Deris, and Grosskopf felt that Kusch and Grapow, in particular, were spending more time on and paying more attention to their new side-project, Masterplan (Grapow's output on Helloween albums had dropped to barely one song per album by that point); since the others believed that Kusch and Grapow were not one hundred percent dedicated to Helloween, they were dismissed.  They were replaced by guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross (ex-Metalium, Kingdom Come, At Vance, Firewind), culminating with the recording of another studio album, titled Rabbit Don't Come Easy, in 2003. The band met Sascha via a recommendation by producer Charlie Bauerfeind. According to Grosskopf, one day he was recording something with Freedom Call "and later on we called him up and he went to first meet Weiki because it was very important that Weiki finds a player that he can play with and also communicate and understand. [...] So we got him on the island where we recorded and let him hang out with us a little and then he decided 'Good, let's go'." Later in 2012, on an interview with Metal Shock Finland's Chief Editor, Mohsen Fayya

user: Who was replaced during this time period?

assistant: the others believed that Kusch and Grapow were not one hundred percent dedicated to Helloween, they were dismissed.

user: Was someone new brought in to replace Kusch and Grapow?

assistant: They were replaced by guitarist Sascha Gerstner (ex-Freedom Call, Neumond) and drummer Mark Cross

user: Did they release a new album?

assistant: culminating with the recording of another studio album, titled Rabbit Don't Come Easy, in 2003.

user: Did they go on tour during that time period?

assistant: the band toured the United States for the first time since 1989, playing to sold-out crowds at nearly every venue.

user: Did they have critical success?

assistant: Despite a somewhat tepid response to the album, Helloween nonetheless completed a successful world tour,
Título: Rahul Bose
Seção: Early career: 1993-2003
Background: Rahul Bose was born to Rupen and Kumud Bose on 27 July 1967. He describes himself as "...half Bengali; one-fourth Punjabi and one-fourth Maharashtrian." Bose's first acting role was at age six when he played the lead in a school play, Tom, the Piper's Son.

Conteúdo: Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage in Rahul D'Cunha's Topsy Turvey and Are There Tigers In The Congo?. D'Cunha's aunt was the casting director for director Dev Benegal's film English, August and suggested that Bose should play the lead role. After filming a screen test, Benegal decided to cast him as civil servant Agastya Sen. Based on the novel of the same name by Upamanyu Chatterjee, English, August was one of the first Hinglish films and gained Bose international recognition when it became the first Indian film to be purchased by 20th Century Fox and won several awards at international film festivals.  After English, August Bose found work in television; he was offered a role in India's first English-language television serial, A Mouthful of Sky and also co-hosted BBC World's Style! with Laila Rouass. In 1998 he appeared in Kaizad Gustad's Bombay Boys with Naseeruddin Shah and starred in Dev Benegal's second film, Split Wide Open. To prepare for his role as a roving water vendor, Bose lived in Mumbai's slums and observed a drug dealer for two weeks. He later cited this time--along with the 2002 Gujarat riots--as the beginning of the awakening of his social conscience. Although Split Wide Open was controversial in India because of its depictions of sexual abuse, Bose received the Silver Screen Award for Best Asian Actor at the 2000 Singapore International Film Festival for his performance. He also performed abroad in the Leicester Haymarket in England where 

user: What did Bose begin his career doing?

assistant: Bose started his acting career on the Mumbai stage in Rahul D'Cunha's Topsy Turvey

user: What was Bose's educational background?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was his first performance?

assistant: role. After filming a screen test, Benegal decided to cast him as civil servant Agastya Sen.

user: When did he get his first big break?

assistant: Although Split Wide Open was controversial in India because of its depictions of sexual abuse, Bose received the Silver Screen Award
Título: Husayn ibn Ali
Seção: Reign of Yazid
Background: Al-Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (Arabic: lHsyn bn `ly bn 'by Tlb; 10 October 625 - 10 October 680) (3 Sha'aban AH 4 (in the ancient (intercalated) Arabic calendar) - 10 Muharram AH 61) (his name is also transliterated as Husayn ibn 'Ali, Husain, Hussain and Hussein), was a grandson of the Islamic Nabi (Arabic: nabiy, Prophet) Muhammad, and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib (the first Shia Imam and the fourth Rashid caliph of Sunni Islam), and Muhammad's daughter, Fatimah. He is an important figure in Islam as he was a member of the Bayt (Arabic: bayt, Household) of Muhammad, and Ahl al-Kisa' (Arabic: 'ahl lkisa, People of the Cloak), as well as being the third Shia Imam.

Conteúdo: One of the important points of the treaty made between Al-Hasan and Mu'awiyah was that the latter should not designate anyone as his successor after his death. But after the death of Al-Hasan, Mu'awiyah, thinking that no one would be courageous enough to object to his decision as the caliph, designated his son Yazid as his successor in AD 680, breaking the treaty. Robert Payne quotes Mu'awiyah in History of Islam as telling his son Yazid to defeat Al-Husayn - because Mu'awiyah thought he was surely preparing an army against him - but to deal with him gently thereafter as Al-Husayn was a descendant of Muhammad, but to deal with 'Abd Allah ibn al-Zubair swiftly, as Mu'awiyah feared him the most.  In April AD 680, Yazid succeeded his father as caliph. He immediately instructed the governor of Al-Medinah to compel Al-Husayn and few other prominent figures to give their Bay'ah (Arabic: bay`a@, Pledge of allegiance). Al-Husain, however, refrained from it, believing that Yazid was openly going against the teachings of Islam in public, and changing the sunnah (Arabic: sn@, deeds, sayings, etc.) of Muhammad. In his view the integrity and survival of the Islamic community depended on the re-establishment of the correct guidance. He, therefore, accompanied by his household, his sons, brothers, and the sons of Al-Hasan, left Al-Medinah to seek asylum in Mecca.  While in Mecca, ibn al-Zubayr, Abdullah ibn Umar and Abdullah ibn Abbas advised Al-Husayn to make Mecca his base, and fight agai

user: What happened during the reign of Yazid?

assistant: Al-Husain, however, refrained from it, believing that Yazid was openly going against the teachings of Islam in public, and changing the sunnah (

user: What else was Yazid doing?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How was he going against the teachings?

assistant: going against the teachings of Islam in public, and changing the sunnah (Arabic: sn@, deeds, sayings, etc.) of Muhammad.
Título: Joseph Conrad
Seção: Legacy
Background: Joseph Conrad (Polish pronunciation: ['juzef ,kon.rad]; born Jozef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski; 3 December 1857 - 3 August 1924) was a Polish-British writer regarded as one of the greatest novelists to write in the English language. He joined the British merchant marine in 1878, and was granted British citizenship in 1886. Though he did not speak English fluently until his twenties, he was a master prose stylist who brought a non-English sensibility into English literature. He wrote stories and novels, many with a nautical setting, that depict trials of the human spirit in the midst of an impassive, inscrutable universe.

Conteúdo: After the publication of Chance in 1913, Conrad was the subject of more discussion and praise than any other English writer of the time. He had a genius for companionship, and his circle of friends, which he had begun assembling even prior to his first publications, included authors and other leading lights in the arts, such as Henry James, Robert Bontine Cunninghame Graham, John Galsworthy, Edward Garnett, Garnett's wife Constance Garnett (translator of Russian literature), Stephen Crane, Hugh Walpole, George Bernard Shaw, H. G. Wells, Arnold Bennett, Norman Douglas, Jacob Epstein, T. E. Lawrence, Andre Gide, Paul Valery, Maurice Ravel, Valery Larbaud, Saint-John Perse, Edith Wharton, James Huneker, anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski, Jozef Retinger (later a founder of the European Movement, which led to the European Union, and author of Conrad and His Contemporaries). Conrad encouraged and mentored younger writers. In the early 1900s he composed a short series of novels in collaboration with Ford Madox Ford.  In 1919 and 1922 Conrad's growing renown and prestige among writers and critics in continental Europe fostered his hopes for a Nobel Prize in Literature. Interestingly, it was apparently the French and Swedes - not the English - who favoured Conrad's candidacy.  In April 1924 Conrad, who possessed a hereditary Polish status of nobility and coat-of-arms (Nalecz), declined a (non-hereditary) British knighthood offered by Labour Party Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald.  Co

user: what was his legacy?

assistant: After the publication of Chance in 1913, Conrad was the subject of more discussion and praise than any other English writer of the time.

user: did he win any awards?

assistant: In 1919 and 1922 Conrad's growing renown and prestige among writers and critics in continental Europe fostered his hopes for a Nobel Prize in Literature.

user: what did he write?

assistant: Under Western Eyes, which in the 1980s was published as an underground "bibula".
Título: Skinny Puppy
Seção: Weapon and subsequent tours (2013-present)
Background: Skinny Puppy is a Canadian industrial music group formed in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1982. The group is widely considered to be one of the founders of the electro-industrial genre. Initially envisioned as an experimental side project by cEvin Key (Kevin Crompton) while he was in the new wave band Images in Vogue, Skinny Puppy evolved into a full-time project with the addition of vocalist Nivek Ogre (Kevin Ogilvie). Over the course of a dozen studio albums and many live tours, Key and Ogre have been the only constant members.

Conteúdo: Skinny Puppy announced that a new album, entitled Weapon, would be released on May 28, 2013. The album was inspired by news brought to the band by a former guard at Guantanamo Bay that their music had been used to torture inmates. Inspiration also came from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster and from Ogre's personal views on the human species; in an interview with Vice, Ogre stated that he "view[s] the human being primarily as a weapon, and a lot of the things that we've created have had disastrous effects on us as a species". The album was released to generally favorable reviews from critics, several noting the 80's-esque musical style, and included a re-hashed version of the Remission-era track "Solvent".  Key told the Phoenix New Times that the band had been dissatisfied with HanDover's production schedule, noting that it had taken them several years to produce the album. For Weapon, they made a return to the fast-paced, one-song-a-day style of their early years. The decision to remake the song "Solvent" helped to set the album's quickened pace; Key said that the music they were making for the album wouldn't sound correct "If it didn't sound like something we had just made quickly, like in the old days".  The band released a music video for the song "Illisit" and in October 2013, announced their Live Shape For Arms Tour, a North American tour starting in January 2014 at The Observatory in Santa Ana, CA. In early 2014, Ogre and Key sent an invoice of $666,000 to the US 

user: what is weapon?

assistant: Skinny Puppy announced that a new album, entitled Weapon, would be released on May 28, 2013.

user: what was the album about?

assistant: The album was inspired by news brought to the band by a former guard at Guantanamo Bay that their music had been used to torture inmates.

user: Did they have any tours 2013 to present?

assistant: Live Shape For Arms Tour, a North American tour starting in January 2014 at The Observatory in Santa Ana, CA.

user: what other tours did they have?

assistant: tour was renamed Eye vs. Spy, which was a 17-city North American tour between November 28 to December 20, 2014.

user: What were some of the singles that they produced?

assistant: Solvent

user: did any of their music make it to top of the charts?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they have any international tours?

assistant: Down the Sociopath Too Euro 2017

user: Where did they go during the international tours?

assistant: The tour included stops at the Download Festival in France, Primavera Sound, and Wave-Gotik-Treffen.