dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Vlachs
Seção: Etymology
Background: Vlachs (English:  or , or rarely ) is a historical term and exonym used for the Eastern Romance-speaking peoples especially in the Balkans. The term also became a synonym in the Balkans for the social category of shepherds, and was also used for non-Romance-speaking peoples, in recent times in the western Balkans derogatively. Apart from the Romanians and Moldovans, there are indigenous Romance-speaking groups in Greece, Albania and Macedonia, such as the Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians. "Vlachs" were initially identified and described during the 11th century by George Kedrenos.

Conteúdo: The word "Vlach" is etymologically derived from the ethnonym of a Celtic tribe, adopted into Proto-Germanic *Walhaz which meant "stranger", from *Wolka- (Caesar's Latin: Volcae, Strabo and Ptolemy's Greek: Ouolkai).  Via Latin, in Gothic, as *walhs, the ethnonym took on the meaning "foreigner" or "Romance-speaker", and was adopted into Greek Vlahi (Blakhoi), Slavic Vlah, Hungarian olah and olasz, etc. The root word was notably adopted in Germanic for Wales and Walloon (German: Welsch), and in Poland Wlochy became an exonym for Italians. Via both Germanic and Latin, the term started to signify "stranger, foreigner" also in the Balkans, where it in its early form was used for Romance-speakers, but the term eventually took on the meaning of "shepherd, nomad". The Romance-speaking communities themselves however used the endonym (they called themselves) "Romans". During the early history of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans, there was a social class of Vlachs in Serbia and Macedonia, made up of Christians who served as auxiliary forces and had the same rights as Muslims. In Croatia, the term became derogatory, and Vlasi was used for the ethnic Serb community.  Romanian scholars have suggested that the term Vlach appeared for the first time in the Eastern Roman Empire and was subsequently spread to the Germanic- and then Slavic-speaking worlds through the Norsemen (possibly by Varangians), who were in trade and military contact with Byzantium during the early Middle Ages (see also 

user: What is the etymology of vlachs?

assistant: The word "Vlach" is etymologically derived from the ethnonym of a Celtic tribe, adopted into Proto-Germanic *Walhaz which meant "stranger",

user: Why were the considered strangers?

assistant: signify "stranger, foreigner" also in the Balkans, where it in its early form was used for Romance-speakers, but the term eventually took on the meaning of "shepherd, nomad".
Título: Don Bradman
Seção: Troubled war years
Background: Sir Donald George Bradman, AC (27 August 1908 - 25 February 2001), often referred to as "The Don", was an Australian international cricketer, widely acknowledged as the greatest batsman of all time. Bradman's career Test batting average of 99.94 has been cited as the greatest achievement by any sportsman in any major sport. The story that the young Bradman practised alone with a cricket stump and a golf ball is part of Australian folklore. Bradman's meteoric rise from bush cricket to the Australian Test team took just over two years.

Conteúdo: Bradman joined the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) on 28 June 1940 and was passed fit for air crew duty. The RAAF had more recruits than it could equip and train and Bradman spent four months in Adelaide before the Governor-General of Australia, Lord Gowrie, persuaded Bradman to transfer to the army, a move that was criticised as a safer option for him. Given the rank of Lieutenant, he was posted to the Army School of Physical Training at Frankston, Victoria, to act as a divisional supervisor of physical training. The exertion of the job aggravated his chronic muscular problems, diagnosed as fibrositis. Surprisingly, in light of his batting prowess, a routine army test revealed that Bradman had poor eyesight.  Invalided out of service in June 1941, Bradman spent months recuperating, unable even to shave himself or comb his hair due to the extent of the muscular pain he suffered. He resumed stockbroking during 1942. In his biography of Bradman, Charles Williams expounded the theory that the physical problems were psychosomatic, induced by stress and possibly depression; Bradman read the book's manuscript and did not disagree. Had any cricket been played at this time, he would not have been available. Although he found some relief in 1945 when referred to the Melbourne masseur Ern Saunders, Bradman permanently lost the feeling in the thumb and index finger of his (dominant) right hand.  In June 1945, Bradman faced a financial crisis when the firm of Harry Hodgetts collapsed d

user: Why were the years troubled?

assistant: Invalided out of service in June 1941, Bradman spent months recuperating, unable even to shave himself or comb his hair due

user: What was wrong with him?

assistant: chronic muscular problems, diagnosed as fibrositis.

user: Did he have other medical issues?

assistant: Bradman had poor eyesight.

user: What other problems did he face?

assistant: In June 1945, Bradman faced a financial crisis when the firm of Harry Hodgetts collapsed due to fraud and embezzlement.

user: What did he do after going through this?

assistant: Bradman moved quickly to set up his own business, utilising Hodgetts' client list and his old office in Grenfell Street, Adelaide.
VA Agent Orange Registry exam 
If you think you had contact with Agent Orange, an herbicide used to clear trees and plants during the Vietnam War, or other herbicides while serving in the military , you can request a VA Agent Orange Registry health exam. Even if you don t have a known illness , the exam could alert you to illnesses that may be related to contact with herbicides. By being part of this registry , you re also helping your fellow Veterans by giving us information so we can better understand and serve those affected by Agent Orange related illnesses. 

Can I get an Agent Orange Registry health exam? 
You can get an Agent Orange Registry health exam if you served in any of the ways listed below. You must have served in one of these ways : In Vietnam between 1962 and 1975 for any length of time, including in the inland waterways Brown Water Navy and within the 12-mile territorial seas Blue Water Navy, or In Korea in a unit in or near the Demilitarized Zone DMZ anytime between April 1 , 1968, and August 31 , 1971, or In Thailand U.S. Air Force Veterans on Royal Thai Air Force RTAF bases near U - Tapao, Ubon, Nakhon Phanom, Udorn, Takhli, Korat, and Don Muang near the air base perimeter anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975, or In Thailand U.S. Army Veterans as perimeter security personnel on RTAF bases in Thailand anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975, or In Thailand U.S. Army Veterans on some small Army installations in Thailand anytime between February 28 , 1961, and May 7 , 1975 if you were a member of a military police MP unit or assigned a job with duty placing you at or near the base perimeter , or In other locations , but you had contact with herbicides during a military operation or while testing, transporting, or spraying herbicides for military purposes Learn about herbicide tests and storage outside Vietnam 

Who s covered? 
Veterans 

How do I get these benefits? 
To schedule your exam , contact your local VA envi

user: How do I get benefits from agent orange exposure?

assistant: Have you scheduled your exam?

user: No I haven't

assistant: Do you need to find out if you qualify?

user: Yes

assistant: If you qualify ,you won t have to pay anything for this exam .
Título: Wes Hall
Seção: Style and personality
Background: Sir Wesley Winfield Hall (born 12 September 1937) is a Barbadian former cricketer and politician. A tall, strong and powerfully built man, Hall was a genuine fast bowler and despite his very long run up, he was renowned for his ability to bowl long spells. Hall played 48 Test matches for the West Indies from 1958 to 1969. Hall's opening bowling partnership with fellow Barbadian Charlie Griffith was a feature of the strong West Indies teams throughout the 1960s.

Conteúdo: Hall had a magnificent, bounding approach, eyes bulging, teeth glinting, crucifix flying, climaxing in a classical cartwheel action and intimidating followthrough.  Hall was a tall and muscular cricketer, 6 feet 5 inches (196 cm) tall and bearing the "physique and strength of a bodybuilder." He had a graceful, classical action and one of the longest run-ups in Test cricket. A genuinely fast bowler, he was timed at 91 miles per hour (146 km/h). Hall was able to sustain pace and hostility for very long spells--during the Test against England at Lord's in 1963 he bowled unchanged for over three hours on the final day. While Hall was an aggressive fast bowler, he was not one to set out to injure the batsman. The England cricketer Ted Dexter--himself hit several times by Hall--said "there was never a hint of malice in [Hall] or in his bowling". Hall himself said after one of his deliveries fractured Australian cricketer Wally Grout's jaw "It made me sick to see Wal leaving and it made me sicker to hear some jokers in the crowd ranting on as though I had intentionally hurt [Grout]".  While Hall could never be described as an all-rounder, on occasions he was an effective batsman. His one century in first-class cricket was against Cambridge University Cricket Club at Fenners--scored in 65 minutes, the fastest century of the 1963 English season. Wisden said of this innings, "[Hall's] batting promised so much ... [he] made his runs in the classic mould, not in the unorthodox manner usu

user: What was his style and personality like?

assistant: While Hall could never be described as an all-rounder, on occasions he was an effective batsman.

user: How successful was he?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What are some important aspects of his style and personality?

assistant: He had a graceful, classical action and one of the longest run-ups in Test cricket. A genuinely fast bowler,
Título: Kwame Nkrumah
Seção: Convention People's Party
Background: Kwame Nkrumah PC (21 September 1909 - 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary. He was the first prime minister and president of Ghana, having led it to independence from Britain in 1957. An influential advocate of Pan-Africanism, Nkrumah was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962. After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing his political philosophy, and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence.

Conteúdo: Beginning in April 1949, there was considerable pressure on Nkrumah from his supporters to leave the UGCC and form his own party. On 12 June 1949, he announced the formation of the Convention People's Party (CPP), with the word "convention" chosen, according to Nkrumah, "to carry the masses with us." There were attempts to heal the breach with the UGCC; at one July meeting, it was agreed to reinstate Nkrumah as secretary and disband the CPP. But Nkrumah's supporters would not have it, and persuaded him to refuse the offer and remain at their head.  The CPP adopted the red cockerel as its symbol - a familiar icon for local ethnic groups, and a symbol of leadership, alertness, and masculinity. Party symbols and colours (red, white, and green) appeared on clothing, flags, vehicles, and houses. CPP operatives drove red-white-and-green vans across the country, playing music and rallying public support for the party and especially for Nkrumah. These efforts were wildly successful, especially because previous political efforts in the Gold Coast had focused exclusively on the urban intelligentsia.  The British convened a selected commission of middle-class Africans, including all of the Big Six except Nkrumah, to draft a new constitution that would give Ghana more self-government. Nkrumah saw, even before the commission reported, that its recommendations would fall short of full dominion status, and began to organise a Positive Action campaign. Nkrumah demanded a constituent assembly

user: when did this start

assistant: Beginning in April 1949, there was considerable pressure on Nkrumah from his supporters to leave

user: what was it that he was leaving

assistant: UGCC and form his own party.

user: What did he do

assistant: On 12 June 1949, he announced the formation of the Convention People's Party (CPP), with the word "convention" chosen, according to Nkrumah,

user: Why did they choose this

assistant: to carry the masses with us." There were attempts to heal the breach with the UGCC;

user: What did these do

assistant: July meeting, it was agreed to reinstate Nkrumah as secretary and disband the CPP.

user: Who helped with this

assistant: But Nkrumah's supporters would not have it, and persuaded him to refuse the offer and remain at their head.
GI Bill and other education benefit eligibility 
Learn about GI Bill eligibility requirements and find out if you can get these benefits. VA education benefits can help you pay your tuition, pick out a school, choose a career, and more. If you re an active - duty service member or Veteran, a member of the National Guard or Reserves, or a qualified survivor or dependent, find out if you can get VA education benefits through the GI Bill and other educational assistance programs. 

Can I get VA education benefits through the Post-9/11 GI Bill? 
You may be able to get benefits through the Post-9/11 GI Bill if you ve served on active duty for at least 90 days, whether continuous all at once or interrupted for shorter periods over time, after September 10 , 2001. Learn more about the Post-9/11 GI Bill 

Can I get VA education benefits through the Montgomery GI Bill? 
You may be eligible for benefits through one of our 2 Montgomery GI Bill programs. 

Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty (MGIB-AD) 
You can get benefits through MGIB - AD if you served at least 2 years on active duty and you meet all of the requirements listed below. All of these must be true. You: Were honorably discharged , and Have a high school diploma, GED, or 12 hours of college credit , and Meet other requirements Learn more about MGIB - AD 

Montgomery GI Bill Selected Reserve (MGIB-SR) 
You can get benefits through MGIB - SR if you re a member of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps or Coast Guard Reserves, Army National Guard, or Air National Guard, and you meet all of the requirements listed below. All of these must be true. You: Have either a 6-year service obligation you agreed to serve 6 years in the Selected Service , or Are an officer in the Selected Reserve who agreed to serve 6 years in addition to your initial service obligation , and Meet other requirements Learn more about MGIB - SR 

Can I get VA education benefits through other programs? 
You may be able to get help paying for school tu

user: can you give me details of GI Bill and other education benefit eligibility

assistant:  Learn about GI Bill eligibility requirements and find out if you can get these benefits . VA education benefits can help you pay your tuition , pick out a school , choose a career , and more

assistant: Are you an active duty member or a veteran?

user: yes

user: tell me the questions i must answer 

assistant: Have either a 6-year service obligation you agreed to serve 6 years in the Selected Service 

user: not

assistant: No, you may be able to get the benefits if you do not meet the requirements
Social Security Benefit Verification Letter 


Get your Social Security Benefit Verification Letter online 
Do you know how to get an income verification letter or benefit verification letter from Social Security? Just log in to my Social Security to get instant access to your benefit verification letter. 

What is a Social Security Benefit Verification Letter? 
The benefit verification letter, sometimes called a benefits letter, or a Social Security award letter, serves as proof of your retirement, disability, Supplemental Security Income SSI, or Medicare benefits. It also serves as proof that you have applied for benefits or that you have never received Social Security benefits or SSI. You may also use your letter as proof for loans, housing assistance, mortgage, and for other income verification purposes. A Social Security benefit verification letter includes : your name , date of birth , and the benefit you receive from us. 

Sign in to your mySocial Security account to get your copy 
Already have a my Social Security Account? Sign In to your account below and go to Replacement Documents on the right side of the screen , then choose get a Benefit Verification Letter to view, save and print your personalized letter. Don't have a my Social Security Account? Creating a free my Social Security account takes less than 10 minutes, lets you download or print your benefit verification letter, and gives you access to many other online services. 

Still have questions? 
If you have questions or need help understanding how to request your benefit verification letter online , call our toll - free number at 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213 or visit your Social Security office. If you are deaf or hard of hearing , call our toll - free TTY number , 1 - 800 - 325 - 0778, between7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday. 

user: Tell me about the benefit verification letter.

assistant: Do you want to get your Social Security benefit verification letter online?

user: Yes, how do I do it?

assistant: Do you know how to get an income verification letter from Social Security?

user: I don't.

user: Where can I find more information about it?

assistant: We have some contact numbers available.

user: Please, give me the contact numbers.

assistant: You can call our toll-free number 1-800-772-1213 and ask all the questions you want about your benefit verification letter. You also can get this information from your local Social Security office.
Título: Stuart Pearce
Seção: Nottingham Forest
Background: Stuart Pearce, MBE (born 24 April 1962) is an English football manager and player. He is an assistant manager to David Moyes at West Ham United. Pearce was the manager of the England national under-21 team from 2007 to 2013 and also managed the Great Britain Olympic football team at the 2012 Olympics. As a player, Pearce played as a defender and appeared for Wealdstone, Coventry City, Newcastle United, West Ham United and Manchester City, but is best known for his spell at Nottingham Forest, where he regularly captained the team and became the club's most capped International, making 76 of his 78 appearances for England while with the club and captaining the national side on nine occasions.

Conteúdo: Two years later in 1985 Pearce was brought to Nottingham Forest by manager Brian Clough. Pearce was the makeweight in a PS300,000 deal that saw Coventry centre-back Ian Butterworth move to Forest. Indeed, so unsure was Pearce of his footballing future that, after the transfer, he actually advertised his services as an electrician in Forest's match-day programme.  Pearce spent 12 years at Forest, most of it as club captain. During his playing career, he won two League Cups and the Full Members Cup, while also scoring from a free-kick in the 1991 FA Cup final, when Forest were beaten by Tottenham Hotspur. In his time at the City Ground, Pearce was one of the Forest players who had to cope with the horrors of the Hillsborough disaster during the opening minutes of their FA Cup semi-final against Liverpool. Pearce played in the rescheduled match at Old Trafford, which Liverpool won 3-1. He helped them finish third in the league that year (as they had done a year earlier), and also contributed to their victories in the League Cup and Full Members Cup. He helped them retain the League Cup a year later and in 1991 he had his first crack at the FA Cup, and despite giving Forest an early lead against Tottenham in a match most remembered for the knee injury suffered by Pearce's opponent Paul Gascoigne, Pearce ended up on the losing side as Spurs came back to win 2-1. He was on the losing side at Wembley Stadium again the following year when Forest lost 1-0 to Manchester United in the 1

user: what is nottingham?

assistant: He helped Forest finish third in the Premier League

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Pearce was appointed caretaker player-manager of Forest in December 1996,

user: how long was he under this position?

assistant: He had relinquished managerial duties in March 1997
Título: Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad
Seção: The 'New Scheme'
Background: Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood was born to Ghulam Ahmad and Nusrat Jahan Begum on 12 January 1889 in Qadian, the same year in which Ghulam Ahmad established the Ahmadiyya Movement by accepting allegiance from his disciples. Due to chronic illness Mahmood Ahmad was unable to attend to secondary education. During his youth, he remained an active member in the service of the Movement by founding a journal entitled Tash'heezul Az'haan and accompanied his father on many of his journeys. On 26 May 1908, Ghulam Ahmad died in Lahore when Mahmood Ahmad was 19 years old.

Conteúdo: In 1934 Mahmood Ahmad claimed to have been divinely inspired to launch a twofold scheme for the establishment of foreign missions and the moral upbringing of Ahmadis. This initiative called upon members to volunteer themselves for missionary work, and to donate money towards a special fund for propagation in foreign countries during the course of which 46 foreign missions were established.  The Tehrik-e-Jedid and Waqf-e-Jedid or the 'new scheme' and the 'new dedication' respectively, initially seen as a spiritual battle against the oppressors of the Ahmadis, placed before them a number of demands and restriction such as leading simple lives, restrictions against eating, clothing etc.; a temporary ban on all forms of luxury and entertainment. It called upon the members of the Community to dedicate their time and money for the sake of their faith. In time the scheme produced a vast amount of literature in defence of Islam in general and the Ahmadiyya beliefs in particular. The funds were also spent on the training and dispatching of Ahmadiyya missionaries outside the Indian sub-continent and their sustenance. As part of this Mahmood Ahmad appointed 5 men to survey the Punjab in order to find out the best way of disseminating the Ahmadiyya teachings. For the first time an organised method of training members of the community for becoming missionaries was established. Addressing the Ahrari opposition Mahmood said:  In order to expand the propagation of Islam I have urged the yout

user: What was the "New Scheme"?

assistant: The Tehrik-e-Jedid

user: What was the New Scheme intended to do?

assistant: initially seen as a spiritual battle against the oppressors of the Ahmadis,

user: Were there special rules that were part of the New Scheme?

assistant: a number of demands and restriction such as leading simple lives, restrictions against eating, clothing etc.; a temporary ban on all forms of luxury and entertainment.
Título: Son House
Seção: Blues performer
Background: Eddie James "Son" House, Jr. (March 21, 1902 - October 19, 1988) was an American delta blues singer and guitarist, noted for his highly emotional style of singing and slide guitar playing. After years of hostility to secular music, as a preacher and for a few years also as a church pastor, he turned to blues performance at the age of 25. He quickly developed a unique style by applying the rhythmic drive, vocal power and emotional intensity of his preaching to the newly learned idiom. In a short career interrupted by a spell in Parchman Farm penitentiary, he developed to the point that Charley Patton, the foremost blues artist of the Mississippi Delta region, invited him to share engagements and to accompany him to a 1930 recording session for Paramount Records.

Conteúdo: In 1927, at the age of 25, House underwent a change of musical perspective as rapid and dramatic as a religious conversion. In a hamlet south of Clarksdale, he heard one of his drinking companions, either James McCoy or Willie Wilson (his recollections differed), playing bottleneck guitar, a style he had never heard before. He immediately changed his attitude about the blues, bought a guitar from a musician called Frank Hoskins, and within weeks was playing with Hoskins, McCoy and Wilson. Two songs he learned from McCoy would later be among his best known: "My Black Mama" and "Preachin' the Blues". Another source of inspiration was Rube Lacey, a much better known performer who had recorded for Columbia Records in 1927 (no titles were released) and for Paramount Records in 1928 (two titles were released). In an astonishingly short time, with only these four musicians as models, House developed to a professional standard a blues style based on his religious singing and simple bottleneck guitar style.  Around 1927 or 1928, he had been playing in a juke joint when a man went on a shooting spree, wounding House in the leg, and he allegedly shot the man dead. House received a 15-year sentence at the Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman Farm), of which he served two years between 1928 and 1929. He credited his re-examination and release to an appeal by his family, but also spoke of the intervention by the influential white planter for whom they worked. The date of the killing an

user: What were the names of some of the songs he sang?

assistant: My Black Mama" and "Preachin' the Blues".

user: Were they his original songs or covers?

assistant: Two songs he learned from McCoy would later be among his best known: "

user: How did he become a blues singer?

assistant: He immediately changed his attitude about the blues,

user: How did his attitude change?

assistant: Another source of inspiration was Rube Lacey,

user: Who was Rube Lacey?

assistant: a much better known performer who had recorded for Columbia Records in 1927

user: What kind of blues was he known for?

assistant: House developed to a professional standard a blues style

user: Did he play an instrument?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Anything interesting happen to him?

assistant: he allegedly shot the man dead.
Título: Sugar Ray Leonard
Seção: Change in plans
Background: Leonard, the fifth of seven children of Cicero and Getha Leonard, was born in Wilmington, North Carolina. He was named after Ray Charles, his mother's favorite singer. The family moved to Washington, D.C., when he was three, and they settled permanently in Palmer Park, Maryland when he was ten. His father worked as a supermarket night manager and his mother was a nurse.

Conteúdo: Juanita Wilkinson, Leonard's high school girlfriend, told him she was pregnant in the summer of 1973. They decided to have the baby but marriage would be put off until after the Olympics in 1976. Leonard would continue to pursue his Olympic dream while she and the baby, Ray Charles Leonard, Jr., lived with her parents. When Leonard boxed in the Olympics, he had a picture of Wilkinson taped to his sock.  Shortly before the Olympics, Wilkinson had filed an application to receive $156 a month in child support payments from Prince George's County, Maryland. She named Leonard as the father and the county's state attorney's office filed a civil suit against Leonard to establish paternity and get support payments for the child. Leonard learned of the suit several days after returning home from the Olympics. The headline in the Washington Star read, "Sugar Ray Leonard Named in Welfare Dept. Paternity Suit".  Wilkinson went to the Olympics to watch Leonard box, but she did not tell him about the suit and never asked him for any money. "I didn't feel like being bothered by all those complications by asking him for any money for support", she said. Leonard pledged he would support his son, even if he had to scrap plans to attend college.  Leonard had hoped to get lucrative endorsements following his gold medal win, but the negative publicity from the paternity suit chased off any big commercial possibilities. To make matters worse, his father was hospitalized with meningitis and his mot

user: What change did Sugar Ray have in his plans?

assistant: Leonard would continue to pursue his Olympic dream while she and the baby, Ray Charles Leonard, Jr., lived with her parents.

user: Did he get to the olympics?

assistant: Wilkinson went to the Olympics to watch Leonard box,
Título: The Ink Spots
Seção: Lineup and members
Background: The Ink Spots were an American pop vocal group who gained international fame in the 1930s and 1940s. Their unique musical style led to the rhythm and blues and rock and roll musical genres, and the subgenre doo-wop. The Ink Spots were widely accepted in both the white and black communities, largely due to the ballad style introduced to the group by lead singer Bill Kenny. In 1989, the Ink Spots (Bill Kenny, Deek Watson, Charlie Fuqua and Hoppy Jones) were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, and in 1999 they were inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.

Conteúdo: In 1943, Ink Spots baritone singer and guitarist Charlie Fuqua was drafted into the US Army. He chose his friend Bernie Mackey to be his temporary replacement until he returned to the group. After being with the group for two years, Mackey was replaced by Huey Long in March 1945. Long completed the role as a "fill in" until Fuqua finally returned in October 1945.  Hoppy Jones, an important personality to the group, died in October 1944, after collapsing on stage at the Cafe Zanzibar in New York City, near the height of their popularity. Hoppy Jones had been having cerebral hemorrhages for a year, and had fallen ill from it in June 1944. Jones was temporarily replaced by Cliff Givens who filled in for five months, from October 1944 to March 1945. Jones' permanent replacement was to be Bill Kenny's brother (and fraternal twin) Herb Kenny. Herb Kenny sang with the group from 1945 to 1951 when he went out for a career as a solo artist. The last bass singer for the Ink Spots was Adriel McDonald who was with the group from 1951 to 1954. McDonald was previously the Ink Spots' personal valet, a job given to him by Herb Kenny with whom he had sung in a group called "The Cabineers" in the early 40's.  Due to personality clashes between Bill Kenny and Deek Watson after Hoppy Jones' death, Kenny decided he'd rather carry on as the leader of the group and bought Watson's share of the group for $10,000, which in turn gave Kenny the power to kick Watson out of the group. Watson went on to f

user: Who was the leader of the group ?

assistant: Hoppy Jones, an important personality to the group, died in October 1944,
Título: Captain Marvel (DC Comics)
Seção: Development and inspirations
Background: Captain Marvel, also known as Shazam (), is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939. Captain Marvel first appeared in Whiz Comics #2 (cover-dated Feb. 1940), published by Fawcett Comics.

Conteúdo: After the success of National Comics' new superhero characters Superman and Batman, Fawcett Publications started its own comics division in 1939, recruiting writer Bill Parker to create several hero characters for the first title in their line, tentatively titled Flash Comics. Besides penning stories featuring Ibis the Invincible, Spy Smasher, Golden Arrow, Lance O'Casey, Scoop Smith, and Dan Dare for the new book, Parker also wrote a story about a team of six superheroes, each possessing a special power granted to them by a mythological figure.  Fawcett Comics' executive director Ralph Daigh decided it would be best to combine the team of six into one hero who would embody all six powers. Parker responded by creating a character he called "Captain Thunder". Staff artist Charles Clarence "C. C." Beck was recruited to design and illustrate Parker's story, rendering it in a direct, somewhat cartoony style that became his trademark. "When Bill Parker and I went to work on Fawcett's first comic book in late 1939, we both saw how poorly written and illustrated the superhero comic books were," Beck told an interviewer. "We decided to give our reader a real comic book, drawn in comic-strip style and telling an imaginative story, based not on the hackneyed formulas of the pulp magazine, but going back to the old folk-tales and myths of classic times".  The first issue of the comic book, printed as both Flash Comics #1 and Thrill Comics #1, had a low-print run in the fall of 1939 as a

user: When was it developed?

assistant: 1939, recruiting

user: who developed it?

assistant: Bill Parker
Título: Stephen Roche
Seção: Professional career
Background: Stephen Roche (; born 28 November 1959) is an Irish former professional road racing cyclist. In a 13-year professional career, he peaked in 1987, becoming the second of only two cyclists to win the Triple Crown of victories in the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia stage races, plus the World road race championship, the first was Eddy Merckx. Roche's rise coincided with that of fellow Irishman Sean Kelly. Although one of the finest cyclists of his generation and admired for his pedalling style, he struggled with knee injuries and never contended in the Grand Tours post-1987.

Conteúdo: Roche scored his first professional victory by beating Bernard Hinault in the Tour of Corsica. Less than a month later he won Paris-Nice (where he became the first, and still the only, new pro to win Paris-Nice) despite illness following the descent from Mont Ventoux and finished his debut season with victories in the Tour de Corse, Circuit d'Indre-et-Loire and Etoile des Espoirs races with a second place behind Hinault in the Grand Prix des Nations. In total, his debut yielded 10 victories.  In 1982 his best performance was second in the Amstel Gold Race behind Jan Raas, but his rise continued in 1983 with victories in the Tour de Romandie, Grand Prix de Wallonie, Etoile des Espoirs and Paris-Bourges. In the 1983 Tour de France, Roche finished 13th and he finished the 1983 season with a bronze medal in the world cycling championship at Alterheim in Zurich.  In 1984, riding for La Redoute following contractual wrangles with Peugeot (the settlement of which led Roche to sport Peugeot shorts for two years before winning a court action against Velo Club de Paris Peugeot) he repeated his Tour de Romandie win, won Nice-Alassio, Subida a Arrate and was second in Paris-Nice. He finished 25th in that year's Tour de France.  In 1985, Roche won the Criterium International, the Route du Sud and came second in Paris-Nice and third in Liege-Bastogne-Liege. In the 1985 Tour de France Roche won stage 18 to the Aubisque and finished on the podium in 3rd position, 4 minutes and 29 seconds beh

user: How did he start his professional career?

assistant: Roche scored his first professional victory by beating Bernard Hinault in the Tour of Corsica.
What is Government Pension Offset (GPO)? 
If you will receive a pension for work not covered by Social Security such as government employment , any Social Security benefits you may be eligible to receive on your spouse's record may be reduced. This type of benefit reduction is called GPO. Some individuals are exempt from the offset. If you want to know if you meet the requirements for an exemption , please read the " When won't my Social Security benefits be reduced? " section of our " Government Pension Offset " factsheet. 

Information You Need to Calculate Your Benefits If You Are Affected by the GPO 
To estimate your future spouse's, widow's, or widower's benefits under the GPO , you need two things : The estimated " gross " monthly amount of your pension from your government job not covered by Social Security. The estimated monthly amount of your Social Security benefit as a spouse, widow, or widower before the effect of GPO. 

If you will be eligible for spouse's benefits and have access to your spouse's estimate: 
Find the estimated amount of the retirement benefit your spouse would be eligible to receive at full retirement age. If your spouse already receives benefits , ask them what their benefit would be if it started at their full or normal retirement age. Divide this amount in half and round down to the nearest dollar. This is your estimated spouse's benefit if you retire at full retirement age. 

If you will be eligible for a Social Security retirement benefit based on your own earnings: 
As well as a higher benefit based on your spouse's earnings , it will also affect your benefits as a spouse, widow, or widower. To get a more accurate estimate of how the government pension you will receive for work not covered by Social Security will affect the part of your benefit based on your spouse's work : Enter the estimated " gross " monthly amount of the government pension in today's dollars you will receive for work not covered by Social Security in Step #1

user: I want to calculate some benefits 

assistant: Did you want to find the estimated amount of the retirement benefit your spouse would be eligible to receive at full retirement age?
Título: Sophie Ellis-Bextor
Seção: 2009-11: Make a Scene and Bittersweet
Background: Ellis-Bextor was born in London on 10 April 1979 to mother Janet Ellis, who was later a presenter on BBC's children's television programmes Blue Peter and Jigsaw, and father Robin Bextor, a film producer and director: they separated when she was four. As a young girl, she appeared on several Blue Peter items, with no indication given on-screen that she was Ellis's daughter. She attended St. Stephen's School and later Godolphin and Latymer School in Hammersmith.

Conteúdo: According to Ellis-Bextor in April 2008, recording sessions for her scrapped greatest hits collection proved fruitful, so she decided to release a fourth studio album. In October 2008, Ellis-Bextor covered the Dolly Parton song "Jolene"; the track was released on the soundtrack to the BBC2 sitcom Beautiful People. In November 2008, Ellis-Bextor recorded a track with the French DJ Junior Caldera, "Can't Fight This Feeling", for his 2009 album Debut. Released as a single in February 2010, it reached the top 20 in France.  In August 2009, she released a five-track live EP from the 2009 iTunes Festival, during which she performed previous singles of hers and a new track, "Starlight" (not included on the EP). Freemasons worked with Ellis-Bextor for their album Shakedown 2 on "Heartbreak (Make Me a Dancer)", which was released as a single in June 2009 and peaked at 13 in the UK.  Ellis-Bextor's fourth album, Make a Scene, was released in June 2011. She described it as "very much [a dance album]--more so than any of my other albums."  Looking to her next effort, Ellis-Bextor said she was planning an "album that's really different. I think I need to do something different now and move on from the dance stuff. I might come back to it, but I think this album is a good way to bow out of the dance sound for now. I think it's finishing on a high." She worked with Calvin Harris, Armin van Buuren, Richard X, Dimitri Tikovoi, Hannah Robinson, Metronomy, and Liam Howe from the Sneaker Pimps. 

user: What was make a scene?

assistant: Ellis-Bextor's fourth album,

user: When was it released?

assistant: June 2011.
Título: Frances Farmer
Seção: Arrest
Background: Farmer was born on September 19, 1913 in Seattle, Washington, the daughter of Lillian (nee Van Ornum 1873-1955), a boardinghouse operator and dietician and Ernest Melvin Farmer, a lawyer. Farmer was the youngest of four children; she had two older sisters, and one older brother. At age four, Farmer's parents separated, and her mother relocated with the children from their home in North Seattle to Los Angeles, where her sister lived. Two years later, Farmer and her siblings were sent back to Seattle to live with their father.

Conteúdo: On October 19, 1942, Farmer was stopped by Santa Monica Police for driving with her headlights on bright in the wartime blackout zone that affected most of the West Coast. Some reports say she was unable to produce a driver's license and was verbally abusive. The police suspected her of being drunk and she was jailed overnight. Farmer was fined $500 and given a 180-day suspended sentence. She immediately paid $250 and was put on probation.  By January 1943, she failed to pay the rest of the fine and a bench warrant was issued for her arrest. At almost the same time, a studio hairdresser filed an assault charge alleging that Farmer had dislocated her jaw on the set. The police traced Farmer to the Knickerbocker Hotel in Hollywood. Getting no answer, they entered her room with a pass key. They reportedly found her in bed (some stories include an episode involving the bathroom) and made her dress quickly. "By all accounts, she did not surrender peacefully."  At her hearing the next morning, she behaved erratically. She claimed the police had violated her civil rights, demanded an attorney, and threw an inkwell at the judge. He immediately sentenced her to 180 days in jail. She knocked down a policeman and bruised another, along with a matron. She ran to a phone booth where she tried to call her attorney, but was subdued by the police. They physically carried her away as she shouted, "Have you ever had a broken heart?"  Newspaper reports gave sensationalized accounts of her arres

user: When was Frances arrested?

assistant: October 19, 1942,

user: Why was she arrested?

assistant: Farmer was stopped by Santa Monica Police for driving with her headlights on bright in the wartime blackout zone

user: What occurred during the arrest?

assistant: Some reports say she was unable to produce a driver's license and was verbally abusive. The police suspected her of being drunk

user: Did she serve any time in jail?

assistant: Farmer was fined $500 and given a 180-day suspended sentence. She immediately paid $250 and was put on probation.

user: Did she get into anymore trouble or is this incident the only one?

assistant: By January 1943, she failed to pay the rest of the fine
Título: Sonata Arctica
Seção: Unia and The Days of Grays (2007-2011)
Background: Sonata Arctica is a Finnish power metal band from the town of Kemi, Finland. Created as a hard rock band named Tricky Beans, they later changed to Tricky Means and finally to Sonata Arctica, when they shifted to power metal. The current line-up consists of singer, keyboardist and songwriter Tony Kakko, guitarist Elias Viljanen, bass guitarist Pasi Kauppinen, keyboardist and keytarist Henrik Klingenberg, and drummer Tommy Portimo. All the musicians of the band's history except Portimo also acted as backing vocalists.

Conteúdo: On May 25, 2007, Unia was released. The album's first single, "Paid In Full", was released on April 27, 2007. On August 6, 2007, the band announced on their website that guitarist Jani Liimatainen had been asked to leave the band due to problems related to his conscription. He was replaced by Elias Viljanen who had already filled in for him in the band's Finnish and Japanese shows during the spring and summer.  In October 2007 Sonata Arctica headlined the ProgPower USA VIII. Later the band supported Nightwish across their 2008 tour of United States and Canada and headlined at the shows that Nightwish cancelled due to Anette Olzon's sudden severe sickness.  It was announced on September 4, 2008 that the band's first two albums would be re-released with bonus tracks by Spinefarm UK on October 6. The Days of Grays was released on September 16, 2009 in Finland and September 22 in the USA. Henrik stated that the new album would be in the same vein as Unia, but not as complex and darker. Singles from this album include "Flag in the Ground" and "The Last Amazing Grays". On August 28, 2009, the music video of "Flag In The Ground" was released to the web. The limited 2CD European edition of the album featured many of the album tracks with all instruments performed by a symphony orchestra.  The band also toured with DragonForce for the third U.S. leg of the Ultra Beatdown. In early 2010 they engaged on an Australian tour with Ensiferum and Melbourne band Vanishing Point. In April 2010,

user: Is Unia the name of an album by Sonata Arctica?

assistant: Unia was released.

user: When was Unia released?

assistant: On May 25, 2007,

user: What singles did the album have?

assistant: The album's first single, "Paid In Full",

user: How was "Paid in Full" received by listeners?

assistant: The band also toured with DragonForce for the third U.S. leg of the Ultra Beatdown.

user: When was The Days of Grays released?

assistant: September 16, 2009
Título: Vince Lombardi
Seção: Family
Background: Vincent Thomas Lombardi (June 11, 1913 - September 3, 1970) was an American football player, coach, and executive in the National Football League (NFL). He is best known as the head coach of the Green Bay Packers during the 1960s, where he led the team to three straight and five total NFL Championships in seven years, in addition to winning the first two Super Bowls at the conclusion of the 1966 and 1967 NFL seasons. Following his sudden death from cancer in 1970, The NFL Super Bowl trophy was named in his honor. He was enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1971, the year after his death.

Conteúdo: In the fall of 1934 Lombardi's roommate Jim Lawlor introduced him to his cousin's relative, Marie Planitz. When Marie announced her ardent desire to marry Lombardi, her status-conscious stockbroker father didn't like the idea of his daughter marrying the son of an Italian butcher from Brooklyn, a prejudice he would face more than once in his life. Lombardi and Marie wed, nonetheless, on August 31, 1940.  "He seemed preoccupied with football even on their honeymoon, and cut it short to get back to Englewood ... 'I wasn't married to him more than one week', she later related, 'when I said to myself, Marie Planitz, you've made the greatest mistake of your life.'"  Marie's first pregnancy resulted in a miscarriage. This had a terrible effect on Marie and caused her to turn to heavy drinking, a problem she would deal with on more than one occasion in her life. Their son, Vincent Harold Lombardi (Vince Jr.), was born in 1942,  and their daughter Susan followed five years later in 1947.  Lombardi's perfectionism, authoritarian nature and temper, instilled in his wife a masterful ability to verbally assault and demean Lombardi when he verbally abused her. His children were not immune from his yelling. When Lombardi had not lost his temper, he would often be reticent and aloof.  Lombardi's grandson, Joe Lombardi, was named the offensive coordinator for the Detroit Lions in January 2014. He was relieved of this position midway through the 2015 season. Lombardi was previously quarterbac

user: Did he get married?

assistant: Lombardi and Marie wed, nonetheless, on August 31, 1940.

user: Did they have any children?

assistant: Their son, Vincent Harold Lombardi (Vince Jr.), was born in 1942,  and their daughter Susan followed five years later in 1947.

user: Where did they live?

assistant:   "He seemed preoccupied with football even on their honeymoon, and cut it short to get back to Englewood