Título: Indigenous languages of the Americas
Seção: South America and the Caribbean
Background: Indigenous languages of the Americas are spoken by indigenous peoples from Alaska and Greenland to the southern tip of South America, encompassing the land masses that constitute the Americas. These indigenous languages consist of dozens of distinct language families, as well as many language isolates and unclassified languages. Many proposals to group these into higher-level families have been made, such as Joseph Greenberg's Amerind hypothesis. This scheme is rejected by nearly all specialists, due to the fact that some of the languages differ too significantly to draw any connections between them.

Conteúdo: Although both North and Central America are very diverse areas, South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken and an estimated 1,500 languages at first European contact. The situation of language documentation and classification into genetic families is not as advanced as in North America (which is relatively well studied in many areas). Kaufman (1994: 46) gives the following appraisal:  Since the mid 1950s, the amount of published material on SA [South America] has been gradually growing, but even so, the number of researchers is far smaller than the growing number of linguistic communities whose speech should be documented. Given the current employment opportunities, it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages before they go out of use, as most of them unavoidably will. More work languishes in personal files than is published, but this is a standard problem.  It is fair to say that SA and New Guinea are linguistically the poorest documented parts of the world. However, in the early 1960s fairly systematic efforts were launched in Papua New Guinea, and that area - much smaller than SA, to be sure - is in general much better documented than any part of indigenous SA of comparable size.  As a result, many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined and som

user: Can you give me a little more information on South America and the Caribbean?

assistant: South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world with approximately 350 languages still spoken

user: What are some of the languages?

assistant: it is not likely that the number of specialists in SA Indian languages will increase fast enough to document most of the surviving SA languages

user: What were some of the popular languages being spoken?

assistant: many relationships between languages and language families have not been determined

user: Did the languages have a positive outlook or outcome?

assistant: some of those relationships that have been proposed are on somewhat shaky ground.

user: What were those languages that did not have a positive outlook?

assistant: Campbell (1997

user: What did the diversity look like with South America?

assistant: South America has a linguistic diversity rivalled by only a few other places in the world