dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Mary Mary
Seção: 2007-2010: Sunday Best and The Sound
Background: Mary Mary are an American gospel duo composed of sisters Erica Atkins-Campbell and Trecina Atkins-Campbell. Formed in 1998, Mary Mary was launched into mainstream recognition following the release of their best-selling debut album, Thankful (2000), which contained the hit single "Shackles (Praise You)". Their followup album Incredible (2002), reached number one on the Top Gospel Albums chart. Their third album, Mary Mary (2005), which contains themes the public interpreted as a channel to the group's experience, contains the worldwide hits "Heaven", "The Real Party", and "Yesterday".

Conteúdo: From 2007 to 2012, the Campbells both served as judges alongside Donnie McClurkin for a gospel music competition show on BET called Sunday Best.  On October 21, 2008 they released their fifth studio album, The Sound. The lead single, "Get Up," was released digitally via ITunes on July 15, 2008. Mary Mary's The Sound achieved great success in the mainstream market and sold over 37,000 copies in its first week, making it their best charting album to date. It debuted at number seven on the Billboard 200, number two on the US R&B Chart, and topped both gospel and country music charts. The album held the number one position on the Billboard's Gospel Album Chart for over six months since its release. Warryn Campbell produced the album and collaborated with many professionals: Kierra Sheard, David Banner, Marvin Winans, Daryl Coley, Andrae Crouch, The Rance Allen Group, Dorinda Clark Cole, Joe Ligon, Walter Hawkins, Tramaine Hawkins, and Karen Clark Sheard. In spring 2009, "God In Me" achieved crossover success by reaching number five on the R&B/Hip-Hop Chart and number one on the Hot Dance Club Play.  The duo, along with Warryn Campbell, were nominated at the 52nd Grammy Awards in the Best Gospel Song category for "God in Me", that same year Israel Houghton's song they were featured on, named "Every Prayer", was also nominated. The album won Mary Mary four Stellar Awards on January 16, 2010. They were invited to participate in the remake of "We Are The World" to benefit Haiti after

user: What happened in 2007?

assistant: the Campbells both served as judges alongside Donnie McClurkin for a gospel music competition show on BET called Sunday Best.

user: Did Mary Mary compete?

assistant: gospel music competition show on BET called Sunday Best.

user: Did they win?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was The Sound all about?

assistant: they released their fifth studio album, The Sound.

user: What were some other albums they released?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they get any awards?

assistant: The album won Mary Mary four Stellar Awards on January 16, 2010.

user: What awards did they win?

assistant: The album won Mary Mary four Stellar Awards on January 16, 2010.
Título: Franz Joseph I of Austria
Seção: Family
Background: Franz Joseph was born in the Schonbrunn Palace in Vienna, the eldest son of Archduke Franz Karl (the younger son of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II), and his wife Princess Sophie of Bavaria. Because his uncle, from 1835 the Emperor Ferdinand, was weak-minded, and his father unambitious and retiring, the young Archduke "Franzl" was brought up by his mother as a future Emperor with emphasis on devotion, responsibility and diligence. Franzl came to idolise his grandfather, der Gute Kaiser Franz, who had died shortly before the former's fifth birthday, as the ideal monarch. At the age of thirteen, Franzl started a career as a colonel in the Austrian army.

Conteúdo: It was generally felt in the court that the Emperor should marry and produce heirs as soon as possible. Various potential brides were considered: Princess Elisabeth of Modena, Princess Anna of Prussia and Princess Sidonia of Saxony. Although in public life Franz Joseph was the unquestioned director of affairs, in his private life his formidable mother still wielded crucial influence. Sophie wanted to strengthen the relationship between the Houses of Habsburg and Wittelsbach--descending from the latter house herself--and hoped to match Franz Joseph with her sister Ludovika's eldest daughter, Helene ("Nene"), who was four years the Emperor's junior. However, Franz Joseph fell deeply in love with Nene's younger sister Elisabeth ("Sisi"), a beautiful girl of fifteen, and insisted on marrying her instead. Sophie acquiesced, despite her misgivings about Sisi's appropriateness as an imperial consort, and the young couple were married on 24 April 1854 in St. Augustine's Church, Vienna.  Their marriage would prove to be an unhappy one; though Franz Joseph was passionately in love with his wife, the feeling was not mutual and Sisi never truly acclimatised to life at court, frequently having disagreements with the imperial family. Their first daughter Sophie died as an infant, and their only son Rudolf died by suicide in 1889 in the infamous Mayerling Incident.  In 1885 Franz Joseph met Katharina Schratt, a leading actress of the Vienna stage, and she became his friend and confidante. T

user: who was his mother?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: was he married?

assistant: It was generally felt in the court that the Emperor should marry and produce heirs as soon as possible.
Título: Florence Lawrence
Seção: Independent Moving Pictures Company
Background: Born Florence Annie Bridgwood in Hamilton, Ontario, she was youngest of three children of George Bridgwood, an English-born carriage builder and Charlotte "Lotta" Bridgwood (nee Dunn), a vaudeville actress. Charlotte Bridgwood had emigrated to Canada from Ireland after the Great Famine with her family as a child. She was known professionally as Lotta Lawrence and was the leading lady and director of the Lawrence Dramatic Company. At the age of three, Lawrence made her debut onstage with her mother in a song and dance routine.

Conteúdo: Finding themselves "at liberty," Lawrence and Solter in 1909 were able to join the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America (IMP). The company, founded by Carl Laemmle, the owner of a film exchange (who later absorbed IMP into Universal Pictures, which he also founded and also the president), was looking for experienced filmmakers and actors. Needing a star, he lured Lawrence away from Biograph by promising to give her a marquee. First, Laemmle organized a publicity stunt by starting a rumor that Lawrence had been killed by a street car in New York City. Then, after gaining much media attention, he placed ads in the newspapers that announced, "We nail a lie", and included a photo of Lawrence. The ad declared she is alive and well and making The Broken Oath, a new movie for his IMP Film Company to be directed by Solter.  Laemmle had Lawrence make a personal appearance in St. Louis, Missouri in March 1910 with her leading man to show her fans that she was very much alive, making her one of the first performers not already famous in another medium to be identified by name by her studio.  Laemmle generated attention by falsely claiming that Lawrence's St. Louis fans were so excited to learn that she had not died that they rushed her in a frenzy and tore her clothes off. Partially due to Laemmle's ingenuity, the "star system" was born and before long, Florence Lawrence became a household name. However, her fame also proved that the studio executives who had concerns over wag

user: What did she do with Independent Moving Pictures Company?

assistant: Finding themselves "at liberty," Lawrence and Solter in 1909 were able to join the Independent Moving Pictures Company of America (IMP).

user: Why were they "at liberty"?

assistant: looking for experienced filmmakers and actors. Needing a star, he lured Lawrence away from Biograph by promising to give her a marquee.

user: Did she take the offer?

assistant: First, Laemmle organized a publicity stunt by starting a rumor that Lawrence had been killed by a street car in New York City.

user: How did people react to this stunt?

assistant: after gaining much media attention, he placed ads in the newspapers that announced, "We nail a lie", and included a photo of Lawrence.
Título: Kwame Nkrumah
Seção: Convention People's Party
Background: Kwame Nkrumah PC (21 September 1909 - 27 April 1972) was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary. He was the first prime minister and president of Ghana, having led it to independence from Britain in 1957. An influential advocate of Pan-Africanism, Nkrumah was a founding member of the Organization of African Unity and winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1962. After twelve years abroad pursuing higher education, developing his political philosophy, and organizing with other diasporic pan-Africanists, Nkrumah returned to Gold Coast to begin his political career as an advocate of national independence.

Conteúdo: Beginning in April 1949, there was considerable pressure on Nkrumah from his supporters to leave the UGCC and form his own party. On 12 June 1949, he announced the formation of the Convention People's Party (CPP), with the word "convention" chosen, according to Nkrumah, "to carry the masses with us." There were attempts to heal the breach with the UGCC; at one July meeting, it was agreed to reinstate Nkrumah as secretary and disband the CPP. But Nkrumah's supporters would not have it, and persuaded him to refuse the offer and remain at their head.  The CPP adopted the red cockerel as its symbol - a familiar icon for local ethnic groups, and a symbol of leadership, alertness, and masculinity. Party symbols and colours (red, white, and green) appeared on clothing, flags, vehicles, and houses. CPP operatives drove red-white-and-green vans across the country, playing music and rallying public support for the party and especially for Nkrumah. These efforts were wildly successful, especially because previous political efforts in the Gold Coast had focused exclusively on the urban intelligentsia.  The British convened a selected commission of middle-class Africans, including all of the Big Six except Nkrumah, to draft a new constitution that would give Ghana more self-government. Nkrumah saw, even before the commission reported, that its recommendations would fall short of full dominion status, and began to organise a Positive Action campaign. Nkrumah demanded a constituent assembly

user: When did he organize the People's party?

assistant: On 12 June 1949,

user: Why did he make it?

assistant: there was considerable pressure on Nkrumah from his supporters to leave the UGCC and form his own party.

user: What was its symbol?

assistant: The CPP adopted the red cockerel as its symbol
Replace or transfer personalized plates[1] 


How do I replace or transfer personalized plates? 
There are a variety of circumstances in which you can replace or transfer personalized plates. 

Can I replace personalized plates that are old or damaged? 
Yes , for a fee. To replace your personalized plates that are old or damaged , you must call the Custom Plates Unit at 1 - 518 - 402 - 4838. Office hours are 8:00am - 4:00pm, Monday through Friday. The fees are $28.75 for passenger vehicle plates, and $18.75 for motorcycle plates. 

Can I replace the personalized plates I have now with different personalized plates or personalized picture plates? 
Yes , for a fee. To replace your current personalized plates with new custom plates or personalized plates , you must call the Custom Plates Unit at 1 - 518 - 402 - 4838. Office hours are 8:00am - 4:00pm, Monday through Friday. 

I have a personalized picture plate, and want to replace it with a different picture plate. Can I keep my current personalized combination and use it on my new picture plate? 
If the category of plate you want allows personalized combinations containing the number of characters on your current plates , you may have the combination on your new custom plates. Most picture plates require a $31.25 annual personalized fee in addition to the $31.25 custom plate fee. You must also pay a plate fee for the new plates , but you will get credit for the custom plate fees you already paid on your current registration. Contact the Custom Plates Unit at 1 - 518 - 402 - 4838. Office hours are 8:00am - 4:00pm, Monday through Friday. 

Can I transfer a current set of personalized plates to a new vehicle that I plan to purchase? 
Yes. If the registrant and registration class will not change , instruct the automobile dealer to transfer your personalized plates to your new vehicle. If you purchase the vehicle from a private person , ask the DMV to transfer your personalized plates when you register the vehicle. 

If 

user: Hello, I would like to know more about replacing or transferring personalized plates.

assistant: Are you planning to replace or transfer personalized plates?

user: No, at least not now.

assistant: Do you want to replace personalized plates that are old or damaged?

user: No, I don't.

assistant: Do you want to replace the personalized plates you have now with different personalized plates or personalized picture plates?

user: No, that is not the case.

assistant: Are you wondering if you can keep your current personalized combination and use it on your new picture plate?

user: No, sorry.

assistant: Are you wondering if you can transfer a current set of personalized plates to a new vehicle that you plan to purchase?

user: Yes!

assistant: Then I'm happy to inform you that this is possible.

assistant: Will the registrant and registration class NOT change?
Título: Russell T Davies
Seção: Adult television career (1994-2004)
Background: Stephen Russell Davies was born on 27 April 1963 at Mount Pleasant Hospital in Swansea. His father, Vivian Davies (1925-2015), and his mother, Barbara (1929-1999), were teachers. Davies was the youngest of three children and their only son. Because he was born by C-section, his mother was placed on a morphine drip and was institutionalised after an overdose resulted in a psychotic episode.

Conteúdo: During his production tenure on Children's Ward, Davies continued to seek other freelance writing jobs, particularly for soap operas; his intention was to eventually work on the popular and long-running Granada soap Coronation Street. In pursuit of this career plan, he storylined soaps such as Families and wrote scripts for shows such as Cluedo, a game show based on the board game of the same name, and Do the Right Thing, a localised version of the Brazilian panel show Voce Decide with Terry Wogan as presenter and Frank Skinner as a regular panellist. One writing job, for The House of Windsor, a soap opera about footmen in Buckingham Palace, was so poorly received that his other scripts for the show would be written under the pseudonym Leo Vaughn.  In 1994, Davies quit all of his producing jobs, and was offered a scriptwriting role on the late-night soap opera Revelations, created by him, Tony Wood, and Brian B. Thompson. The series was a tongue-in-cheek deconstruction of organised religion, and featured his first overtly homosexual character: a lesbian vicar portrayed by Sue Holderness, who came out of the closet in a two-hander episode with Carole Nimmons.  Davies attributes the revelation about Holderness's character as a consequence of both the "pressure cooker nature" of the show and the recent ordination of female vicars in the Church of England. He let his contract with Granada expire and pitched a new early-evening soap opera to Channel 4, RU, with its creator Bill Mo

user: What was his role in the adult television?

assistant: Davies continued to propose dramas to Channel 4,

user: What was the names of the drama series?

assistant: Springhill,

user: What year was this show released or produced?

assistant: 1996-1997.

user: What was the show about?

assistant: Set in suburban Liverpool, the series focuses on the devoutly Catholic Freeman family and their encounter and conflict with Eva Morrigan

user: What other shoes did he do after 1997?

assistant: The Grand,

user: What year was the Grand wrote or released?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was the Grand about and/or who played parts in the series?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was other projects he worked on before 2004?

assistant: In 1994, Davies quit all of his producing jobs, and was offered a scriptwriting role on the late-night soap opera Revelations,
Título: Alan Garner
Seção: Literary style
Background: Alan Garner OBE (born 17 October 1934) is an English novelist best known for his children's fantasy novels and his retellings of traditional British folk tales. Much of his work is firmly rooted in the landscape, history and folklore of his native county of Cheshire, North West England, being set in the region and making use of the native Cheshire dialect. Born in Congleton, Garner grew up around the nearby town of Alderley Edge, and spent much of his youth in the wooded area known locally as 'The Edge', where he gained an early interest in the folklore of the region. Studying at Manchester Grammar School and then briefly at Oxford University, in 1957 he moved to the nearby village of Blackden, where he bought and renovated an Early Modern building known as Toad Hall.

Conteúdo: Although Garner's early work is often labelled as "children's literature", Garner himself rejects such a description, informing one interviewer that "I certainly have never written for children" but that instead he has always written purely for himself. Neil Philip, in his critical study of Garner's work (1981), commented that up till that point, "Everything Alan Garner has published has been published for children", although he went on to relate that "It may be that Garner's is a case" where the division between children's and adult's literature is "meaningless" and that his fiction is instead "enjoyed by a type of person, no matter what their age."  Philip offered the opinion that the "essence of his work" was "the struggle to render the complex in simple, bare terms; to couch the abstract in the concrete and communicate it directly to the reader". He added that Garner's work is "intensely autobiographical, in both obvious and subtle ways". Highlighting Garner's use of mythological and folkloric sources, Philip stated that his work explores "the disjointed and troubled psychological and emotional landscape of the twentieth century through the symbolism of myth and folklore." He also expressed the opinion that "Time is Garner's most consistent theme".  The English author and academic Charles Butler noted that Garner was attentive to the "geological, archaeological and cultural history of his settings, and careful to integrate his fiction with the physical reality beyond the 

user: What is Alan Garner's literary style?

assistant: Garner's early work is often labelled as "children's literature

user: What did Garner thought of this label?

assistant: Garner himself rejects such a description, informing one interviewer that "I certainly have never written for children" but that instead he has always written purely for himself.

user: What is some of Alan Garner's book titles?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Garner's work is "intensely autobiographical, in both obvious and subtle ways".

user: Who said that about Alan Garner?

assistant: Philip
Título: Martin Brodeur
Seção: 1991-1995
Background: Martin Brodeur was born on May 6, 1972, in Montreal. He was one of five children of Denis and Mireille Brodeur. Denis played in the 1956 Olympics for Team Canada and won a bronze medal. After his playing career, Denis was a longtime photographer for the Montreal Canadiens.

Conteúdo: In the 1991-92 NHL season, Brodeur spent most of his time with Saint-Hyacinthe in the QMJHL, but was called up to the NHL on an emergency basis for four games when New Jersey goaltenders Chris Terreri and Craig Billington became injured. Brodeur won his NHL debut against the Boston Bruins, 4-2, and played in one playoff game that season. Brodeur spent the following season with the Utica Devils of the American Hockey League (AHL). However, in the 1993-94 season, Brodeur returned to the NHL permanently and gained recognition when he won the Calder Trophy, an annual award for the best rookie in the NHL. He led the Devils to the second-best record in the league and the Eastern Conference Finals in the playoffs, where they lost to the New York Rangers in seven games. He finished 2nd in goals against average (GAA) (2.40) and 4th in save percentage (.915) in 47 games played during the regular season, helping him eventually land the starting job over Terreri.  In the 1994-95 NHL season, which was shortened to 48 games due to an extended lockout, the Devils finished tied for 9th overall, 5th in their conference. With the leadership of Brodeur, they defeated the Boston Bruins in the 1st round, shutting them out in three of their four wins. In the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins, Brodeur gave up only nine goals and helped the Devils defeat the Penguins in five games. In the third round, the Devils defeated the Philadelphia Flyers in six games, giving them their first Stanle

user: Where did he play during 1991?

assistant: In the 1991-92 NHL season, Brodeur spent most of his time with Saint-Hyacinthe in the QMJHL, but was called up to the NHL on an emergency basis

user: How long did he stay with the NHL?

assistant: emergency basis for four games when New Jersey goaltenders Chris Terreri and Craig Billington became injured.

user: How did he play in those games?

assistant: Brodeur won his NHL debut against the Boston Bruins, 4-2, and played in one playoff game that season.

user: Did he have any other game highlights?

assistant: in the 1993-94 season, Brodeur returned to the NHL permanently and gained recognition when he won the Calder Trophy, an annual award for the best rookie

user: Did he play well that season?

assistant: He led the Devils to the second-best record in the league and the Eastern Conference Finals in the playoffs,

user: How did he play in other seasons?

assistant: Brodeur won a Stanley Cup in only his second full season in the NHL.

user: What season did he win?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What other career highlights were there?

assistant: wins. In the second round against the Pittsburgh Penguins, Brodeur gave up only nine goals and helped the Devils defeat the Penguins in five games.
Título: Sakis Rouvas
Seção: Early commercial success (1991-93)
Background: Rouvas was born on 5 January 1972 in the village of Mandoukion, near Corfu City on the island of Corfu, the eldest of four sons of Konstantinos "Kostas" Rouvas (an ambulance driver) and the teenaged Anna-Maria Panaretou (a duty-free shop clerk at the local airport). He has three brothers: Billy (b. Vasilios), Tolis (b. Apostolos, 1975) and Nikos (b. Nikolaos, 1991). The family was poor, and Rouvas began taking care of his brothers at age five. At age four, he exhibited athletic ability and took ballet classes as a child.

Conteúdo: After moving to Patras, Rouvas continued to look for performance opportunities until he met Dakis (a popular Greek artist who was the first person to help him professionally). Rouvas moved to Athens, and made his first professional appearance in 1991 at the Show Centre. His showmanship attracted the attention of music executives such as Nikos Mouratidis, who encouraged songwriter Giorgos Pavrianos to produce him. Rouvas, singing Michael Jackson's "Man in the Mirror" was discovered by PolyGram executives who signed him to his first recording contract. After moving to Athens he lived with an older English woman named Sally, with whom he had begun a relationship on Corfu. Their relationship ended when Psinakis became Rouvas' manager, and the singer became more career-oriented. The media has speculated about Rouvas' personal life and relationships with model Zeta Logotheti, Sofi Kantarou (a Corfu bar manager) and singer Elli Kokkinou. Several months later he debuted at the Thessaloniki Song Festival, losing Best Vocal Performance to Giorgos Alkaios but singing the Best Composition ("Par'ta"; "Take Them", with music by Nikos Terzis and lyrics by Giorgos Pavrianos). There was a brief earthquake during the festival.  Rouvas released his eponymous debut album, which topped the Greek Albums Chart, the day after the festival. "Par'ta" became a radio hit, and other songs of the album such as "1992", "Ego S'agapo" ("I Love You") and "Gia Fantasou" ("Imagine") also became popular.  In Sep

user: Who was the first person to help him

assistant: Dakis (a popular Greek artist who was the first person to help him professionally

user: Did he move city's

assistant: Rouvas moved to Athens,

user: what did he do next

assistant: made his first professional appearance in 1991 at the Show Centre.

user: What did that help him do

assistant: His showmanship attracted the attention of music executives

user: which executive

assistant: Nikos Mouratidis, who encouraged songwriter Giorgos Pavrianos
Traumatic Injury Protection (TSGLI) 
TSGLI also known as Servicemembers Group Life Insurance Traumatic Injury Protection provides short - term financial support to help eligible service members recover from a severe injury. If you were covered by SGLI and experienced a traumatic injury while serving in the military , find out how to file a claim for TSGLI or appeal a past decision. 

Am I eligible for TSGLI? 
You may be able to get TSGLI if you were insured by SGLI when you experienced a traumatic injury , and you meet all of the requirements listed below. All of these must be true. You: Have a scheduled loss that is a direct result of the traumatic injury , and Suffered the traumatic injury before midnight on the day that you left the military , and Suffered a scheduled loss within 2 years 730 days of the traumatic injury , and Have survived for a period of not less than 7 full days from the date of the traumatic injury the 7-day period begins on the date and time of the traumatic injury and ends 168 full hours later , and Were an active - duty military member, a Reservist, a National Guard member, on funeral - honors duty, or on 1-day muster duty 

Are any injuries excluded from TSGLI? 
Yes. To qualify for TSGLI , none of the descriptions below can be true of your injury. None of these can be true. Your injury can t : Be self - inflicted on purpose or the result of an attempt at self - injury, or Involve the use of an illegal drug or a controlled substance that was given or taken without the advice of a medical doctor , or Be the result of medical or surgical treatment of an illness or disease, or Occur while you re committing or trying to commit a felony, or Be the result of a physical or mental illness or disease not including illness or disease caused by a wound infection; a chemical, biological, or radiological weapon; or accidentally swallowing a contaminated substance View TSGLI loss standards 

Can I get retroactive TSGLI for a past injury? 
You may be ab

user: Hi. I am trying to learn about TSGLI. 

assistant: Great. I can help you with that.
Título: Karen Horney
Seção: Theory of neurosis
Background: Karen Horney was born Karen Danielsen on 16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany, near Hamburg. Her father, Berndt Wackels Danielsen (1836-1910), was Norwegian but had German citizenship. He was a ship's captain in the merchant marine, and a Protestant traditionalist (his children nicknamed him "the Bible-thrower", as he did indeed throw Bibles). Her mother, Clotilde, nee van Ronzelen (1853-1911), known as "Sonni", was also Protestant, of Dutch origin.

Conteúdo: Horney looked at neurosis in a different light from other psychoanalysts of the time. Her expansive interest in the subject led her to compile a detailed theory of neurosis, with data from her patients. Horney believed neurosis to be a continuous process--with neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in one's lifetime. This was in contrast to the opinions of her contemporaries who believed neurosis was, like more severe mental conditions, a negative malfunction of the mind in response to external stimuli, such as bereavement, divorce or negative experiences during childhood and adolescence. This has been debated widely by contemporary psychologists.  Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood. Rather, she placed significant emphasis on parental indifference towards the child, believing that a child's perception of events, as opposed to the parent's intentions, is the key to understanding a person's neurosis. For instance, a child might feel a lack of warmth and affection should a parent make fun of the child's feelings. The parent may also casually neglect to fulfill promises, which in turn could have a detrimental effect on the child's mental state.  From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs. These ten needs are based upon things which she thought all humans require to succeed in life. Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals' neuroses. 

user: what is the theory of neurosis?

assistant: Horney believed neurosis to be a continuous process--with neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in one's lifetime.

user: what is a hallmark of this theory?

assistant: Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood.
Título: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin
Seção: Calculations on data rate
Background: William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin,  (26 June 1824 - 17 December 1907) was a Scots-Irish mathematical physicist and engineer who was born in Belfast in 1824. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging discipline of physics in its modern form. He worked closely with mathematics professor Hugh Blackburn in his work.

Conteúdo: Though now eminent in the academic field, Thomson was obscure to the general public. In September 1852, he married childhood sweetheart Margaret Crum, daughter of Walter Crum; but her health broke down on their honeymoon and, over the next seventeen years, Thomson was distracted by her suffering. On 16 October 1854, George Gabriel Stokes wrote to Thomson to try to re-interest him in work by asking his opinion on some experiments of Michael Faraday on the proposed transatlantic telegraph cable.  Faraday had demonstrated how the construction of a cable would limit the rate at which messages could be sent - in modern terms, the bandwidth. Thomson jumped at the problem and published his response that month. He expressed his results in terms of the data rate that could be achieved and the economic consequences in terms of the potential revenue of the transatlantic undertaking. In a further 1855 analysis, Thomson stressed the impact that the design of the cable would have on its profitability.  Thomson contended that the signalling speed through a given cable was inversely proportional to the square of the length of the cable. Thomson's results were disputed at a meeting of the British Association in 1856 by Wildman Whitehouse, the electrician of the Atlantic Telegraph Company. Whitehouse had possibly misinterpreted the results of his own experiments but was doubtless feeling financial pressure as plans for the cable were already well under way. He believed that Thomson's calculati

user: What were his calculations on data rate?

assistant: Thomson contended that the signalling speed through a given cable was inversely proportional to the square of the length of the cable.
Título: Hoodoo Gurus
Seção: Crank through to the Bullet (1994-1998)
Background: Hoodoo Gurus (referred to as the Gurus by fans) are an Australian rock band, formed in Sydney in 1981, by the mainstay Dave Faulkner (songwriter, lead singer and guitarist) and later joined by Richard Grossman (bass), Mark Kingsmill (drums), and Brad Shepherd (guitar, vocals, harmonica). Their popularity peaked in the mid to late 1980s with albums Mars Needs Guitars!, Blow Your Cool! and Magnum Cum Louder.

Conteúdo: They followed Kinky with Crank in 1994. The 'Crank' world tour took the Gurus through USA, Canada, Europe and included a one-month tour of Brazil. Faulkner also composed the soundtrack to Laurie McInnes' 1994 feature film Broken Highway. In 1995, the Gurus collaborated with The Masters Apprentices frontman Jim Keays on an updated rendition of "Turn Up Your Radio". The song was included on a new Masters' Best of album, as well as being issued as a single.  In 1996 they moved to Mushroom Records for the release of their next album, Blue Cave. The band then undertook a national tour of Australian tour with US outfit The Posies and local band Drop City. Touring commitments were curtailed when Kingsmill severed tendons and nerves in his arm as a result of an onstage accident. Once Kingsmill recovered, the Gurus completed their 'Circus Maximus' Australian tour by end of 1996. In January 1997, Faulkner announced that the band would be breaking up in December. March was the Gurus undertake another tour of Brazil, where they played a concert in front of 40,000 people. The Gurus commenced their final Australian tour, the three-month 'Spit the Dummy' tour, in October 1997. The tour coincided with the release of the double compilation album Armchair Gurus/Electric Chair, which made No. 29 on the national chart. The band played its final show in Melbourne on 11 January 1998. The show made up for dates missed during December 1997, when Faulkner was ill.  In November 1998 Mushroom had issue

user: What happened in 1994?

assistant: The 'Crank' world tour took the Gurus through USA, Canada, Europe and included a one-month tour of Brazil.

user: What songs were on the Crank album?

assistant: Faulkner also composed the soundtrack to Laurie McInnes' 1994 feature film Broken Highway. In 1995,

user: What happened in 1995?

assistant: In 1995, the Gurus collaborated with The Masters Apprentices frontman Jim Keays on an updated rendition of "Turn Up Your Radio".

user: Did they win any awards?

assistant: In 1996 they moved to Mushroom Records for the release of their next album, Blue Cave.

user: Did they release other albums through Mushroom Records?

assistant: In 1996 they moved to Mushroom Records for the release of their next album, Blue Cave.
Título: Andrew Carnegie
Seção: 1885-1900: Steel empire
Background: Andrew Carnegie ( kar-NAY-gee, but commonly  KAR-n@-ghee or  kar-NEG-ee; November 25, 1835 - August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people (and richest Americans). He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British Empire. During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away about $350 million to charities, foundations, and universities--almost 90 percent of his fortune.

Conteúdo: Carnegie did not want to marry during his mother's lifetime, instead choosing to take care of her in her illness towards the end of her life. After she died in 1886, the 51-year-old Carnegie married Louise Whitfield, who was 21 years his junior. In 1897, the couple had their only child, a daughter, whom they named after Carnegie's mother, Margaret.  Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States. One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting and adapting the Bessemer process, which allowed the high carbon content of pig iron to be burnt away in a controlled and rapid way during steel production. Steel prices dropped as a result, and Bessemer steel was rapidly adopted for rails; however, it was not suitable for buildings and bridges.  The second was in his vertical integration of all suppliers of raw materials. In the late 1880s, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of pig iron, steel rails, and coke in the world, with a capacity to produce approximately 2,000 tons of pig metal per day. In 1883, Carnegie bought the rival Homestead Steel Works, which included an extensive plant served by tributary coal and iron fields, a 425-mile (684 km) long railway, and a line of lake steamships. Carnegie combined his assets and those of his associates in 1892 with the launching of the Carnegie Steel Company.  By 

user: What was the steel empire?

assistant: Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States.

user: what was done with the steel?

assistant: One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting and adapting the Bessemer process, which

user: what was the Bessemer process?

assistant: which allowed the high carbon content of pig iron to be burnt away in a controlled and rapid way during steel production. Steel prices dropped as a result,

user: what was done with the steel that was produced?

assistant: The second was in his vertical integration of all suppliers of raw materials. In the late 1880s, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of pig iron, steel rails, and
Título: Arthur Miller
Seção: Early career
Background: Arthur Asher Miller (October 17, 1915 - February 10, 2005) was an American playwright, essayist, and figure in twentieth-century American theater. Among his most popular plays are All My Sons (1947), Death of a Salesman (1949), The Crucible (1953) and A View from the Bridge (1955, revised 1956). He also wrote several screenplays and was most noted for his work on The Misfits (1961). The drama Death of a Salesman has been numbered on the short list of finest American plays in the 20th century alongside Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey into Night and Tennessee Williams's A Streetcar Named Desire.

Conteúdo: In 1940, Miller married Mary Grace Slattery. The couple had two children, Jane and Robert (born May 31, 1947). Miller was exempted from military service during World War II because of a high school football injury to his left kneecap. That same year his first play was produced; The Man Who Had All the Luck won the Theatre Guild's National Award. The play closed after four performances with disastrous reviews.  In 1947, Miller's play All My Sons, the writing of which had commenced in 1941, was a success on Broadway (earning him his first Tony Award, for Best Author) and his reputation as a playwright was established. Years later, in a 1994 interview with Ron Rifkin, Miller said that most contemporary critics regarded All My Sons as "a very depressing play in a time of great optimism" and that positive reviews from Brooks Atkinson of The New York Times had saved it from failure.  In 1948, Miller built a small studio in Roxbury, Connecticut. There, in less than a day, he wrote Act I of Death of a Salesman. Within six weeks, he completed the rest of the play, one of the classics of world theater. Death of a Salesman premiered on Broadway on February 10, 1949, at the Morosco Theatre, directed by Elia Kazan, and starring Lee J. Cobb as Willy Loman, Mildred Dunnock as Linda, Arthur Kennedy as Biff, and Cameron Mitchell as Happy. The play was commercially successful and critically acclaimed, winning a Tony Award for Best Author, the New York Drama Circle Critics' Award, and the Pulit

user: What was his first play?

assistant: The Man Who Had All the Luck

user: When did he write The Man Who Had All the Luck?

assistant: 1940,

user: What was the play about?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How did the play do?

assistant: won the Theatre Guild's National Award.

user: Did he do anything else in 1940?

assistant: In 1940, Miller married Mary Grace Slattery.

user: Did the couple have any children?

assistant: The couple had two children, Jane and Robert (born May 31, 1947).
Social Security Benefit Verification Letter 


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user: How do I get my Social Security Benefit Verification Letter?

assistant: are you trying to obtain the letter online?

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assistant: Do you need information about what the Social Security Benefit Verification Letter is for and what it entails?

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assistant: Do you have a mySocial Security account?

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assistant: Do you have any other questions for me?

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user: Can I obtain the letter after creating a mySocial Security account?

assistant: Yes. Once you sign up and log in, you will have instant access to your letter.
Título: Harry Houdini
Seção: Mirror challenge
Background: Erik Weisz was born in Budapest to a Jewish family. His parents were Rabbi Mayer Samuel Weisz (1829-1892) and Cecilia Steiner (1841-1913). Houdini was one of seven children: Herman M. (1863-1885) who was Houdini's half-brother, by Rabbi Weisz's first marriage; Nathan J. (1870-1927); Gottfried William (1872-1925); Theodore (1876-1945); Leopold D. (1879-1962); and Carrie Gladys (1882-1959), who was left almost blind after a childhood accident. Weisz arrived in the United States on July 3, 1878, on the SS Fresia with his mother (who was pregnant) and his four brothers.

Conteúdo: In 1904, the London Daily Mirror newspaper challenged Houdini to escape from special handcuffs that it claimed had taken Nathaniel Hart, a locksmith from Birmingham, five years to make. Houdini accepted the challenge for March 17 during a matinee performance at London's Hippodrome theater. It was reported that 4000 people and more than 100 journalists turned out for the much-hyped event. The escape attempt dragged on for over an hour, during which Houdini emerged from his "ghost house" (a small screen used to conceal the method of his escape) several times. On one occasion he asked if the cuffs could be removed so he could take off his coat. The Mirror representative, Frank Parker, refused, saying Houdini could gain an advantage if he saw how the cuffs were unlocked. Houdini promptly took out a pen-knife and, holding the knife in his teeth, used it to cut his coat from his body. Some 56 minutes later, Houdini's wife appeared on stage and gave him a kiss. Many thought that in her mouth was the key to unlock the special handcuffs. However, it has since been suggested that Bess did not in fact enter the stage at all, and that this theory is unlikely due to the size of the 6-inch key Houdini then went back behind the curtain. After an hour and ten minutes, Houdini emerged free. As he was paraded on the shoulders of the cheering crowd, he broke down and wept. Houdini later said it was the most difficult escape of his career.  After Houdini's death, his friend Martin Beck was quote

user: what was teh mirror challange?

assistant: In 1904, the London Daily Mirror newspaper challenged Houdini to escape from special handcuffs that it claimed had taken Nathaniel Hart, a locksmith from Birmingham, five years to make.

user: How long did it take houdini to escape from it?

assistant: After an hour and ten minutes, Houdini emerged free.

user: did he have an audience?

assistant: It was reported that 4000 people and more than 100 journalists turned out for the much-hyped event.

user: How was the mirror challange perceived by the public?

assistant: As he was paraded on the shoulders of the cheering crowd, he broke down and wept.

user: Did he ever do it again?

assistant: admitting that Houdini was bested that day and had appealed to his wife, Bess, for help.
Título: René Girard
Seção: Biblical text as a science of man
Background: Rene Noel Theophile Girard (; French: [ZiRaR]; 25 December 1923 - 4 November 2015) was a French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science whose work belongs to the tradition of anthropological philosophy. Girard was the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains.

Conteúdo: In Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World, Girard discusses for the first time Christianity and the Bible. The Gospels ostensibly present themselves as a typical mythical account, with a victim-god lynched by a unanimous crowd, an event that is then commemorated by Christians through ritual sacrifice -- a material re-presentation in this case -- in the Eucharist. The parallel is perfect except for one detail: the truth of the innocence of the victim is proclaimed by the text and the writer. The mythical account is usually built on the lie of the guilt of the victim in as much as it is an account of the event seen from the viewpoint of the anonymous lynchers. This ignorance is indispensable to the efficacy of the sacrificial violence.  The evangelical "good news" clearly affirms the innocence of the victim, thus becoming, by attacking ignorance, the germ of the destruction of the sacrificial order on which rests the equilibrium of societies. Already the Old Testament shows this turning inside-out of the mythic accounts with regard to the innocence of the victims (Abel, Joseph, Job...), and the Hebrews were conscious of the uniqueness of their religious tradition. With the Gospels, it is with full clarity that are unveiled these "things hidden since the foundation of the world" (Matthew 13:35), the foundation of social order on murder, described in all its repulsive ugliness in the account of the Passion.  This revelation is even clearer because the text is a work on d

user: What does Girard have to say about Biblical text?

assistant: Girard reinterprets certain biblical expressions in light of his theories;

user: Which expressions?

assistant: "scandal" (skandalon, literally, a "snare", or an "impediment placed in the way and causing one to stumble or fall") as signifying mimetic rivalry, for example Peter's denial of Jesus.

user: What does he mean that they are a science of man?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The Gospels ostensibly present themselves as a typical mythical account, with a victim-god lynched by a unanimous crowd,

user: Is this Girard's views on the gospels?

assistant: mythical account is usually built on the lie of the guilt of the victim

user: What does he mean by this?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER