dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) 
If you are employed by a U.S. federal, state, local, or tribal government or not - for - profit organization , you might be eligible for the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program. Keep reading to see whether you might qualify. Alert! If your PSLF application is denied because some or all of your payments were not made under a qualifying repayment plan for PSLF , you might still be eligible for forgiveness through Temporary Expanded Public Service Loan Forgiveness. Learn more. The PSLF Program forgives the remaining balance on your Direct Loans after you have made 120 qualifying monthly payments under a qualifying repayment plan while working full - time for a qualifying employer. PSLF Resources Public Service Loan Forgiveness PSLF Help Tool Public Service Loan Forgiveness : Employment Certification Form Public Service Loan Forgiveness : Application for Forgiveness Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program FAQ 

Qualifying for PSLF 
To qualify for PSLF , you must be employed by a U.S. federal, state, local, or tribal government or not - for - profit organization ; work full - time for that agency or organization ; have Direct Loans or consolidate other federal student loans into a Direct Loan ; repay your loans under an income - driven repayment plan; and make 120 qualifying payments. To ensure you re on the right track , you should submit a Public Service Loan Forgiveness: Employment Certification Form annually or when you change employers. We ll use the information you provide on the form to let you know if you are making qualifying PSLF payments. This will help you determine if you re on the right track as early as possible. 

Qualifying Employment 
Qualifying employment for the PSLF Program isn t about the specific job that you do for your employer. Instead , it s about who your employer is. Employment with the following types of organizations qualifies for PSLF : Government organizations at any level U.S. federal, state,

user: Hello, I would like to know how to send PSLF forms


assistant: Submit the completed form, with your employer's certification, to FedLoan Servicing, the federal loan servicer for the United States Department of Education for the PSLF Program.


assistant: FedLoan Servicing Already Your Administrator?


user: no

user: What can I do if my questions are not all covered on that page?


assistant: In that case contact FedLoan Servicing at 1 - 855 - 265 - 4038.


user: What if I have more questions?


assistant: check the PSLF FAQ page.


user: What if I am in AmeriCorps or the Peace Corps, or the United States Department of Defense is paying off my loans?


assistant: There are special rules that allow borrowers who are AmeriCorps or Peace Corps volunteers to use their Segal Education Award or Peace Corps transition payment to make a one-time payment that can count up to 12 qualified PSLF payments.
Título: Ivan the Terrible
Seção: Sack of Novgorod
Background: Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: Ivan Vasil'evich, tr. Ivan Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 - 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome (Russian:  Ivan Groznyi  , Ivan Grozny; a better translation into modern English

Conteúdo: Conditions under Oprichnina were worsened by the 1570 epidemics of plague that killed 10,000 people in Novgorod. In Moscow it killed 600-1,000 daily. During the grim conditions of the epidemics, famine and ongoing Livonian War, Ivan grew suspicious that noblemen of the wealthy city of Novgorod were planning to defect, placing the city itself into the control of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In 1570 Ivan ordered the Oprichniki to raid the city. The Oprichniki burned and pillaged Novgorod and the surrounding villages, and the city was never to regain its former prominence.  Casualty figures vary greatly in different sources. The First Pskov Chronicle estimates the number of victims at 60,000. According to the Third Novgorod Chronicle, the massacre lasted for five weeks. The massacre of Novgorod consisted of men, women and children were tied to sleighs, which were then run into the freezing waters of the Volkhov River, which Ivan ordered on the basis of unproved accusations of treason and tortured its inhabitants and killed thousands in a pogrom there, the archbishop was also hunted to death. Almost every day 500 or 600 people were killed or drowned. Yet the official death toll named 1,500 of Novgorod's big people (nobility) and mentioned only about the same number of smaller people. Many modern researchers estimate the number of victims to range from 2,000-3,000 (after the famine and epidemics of the 1560s the population of Novgorod most likely did not exceed 10,000-20,000). Ma

user: What is the Sack of Novgorod?

assistant: In 1570 Ivan ordered the Oprichniki to raid the city. The Oprichniki burned and pillaged Novgorod

user: Why did they sack Novgorod?

assistant: Ivan grew suspicious that noblemen of the wealthy city of Novgorod were planning to defect,

user: Did he successfully take over Novogrod?

assistant: The massacre of Novgorod consisted of men, women and children were tied to sleighs, which were then run into the freezing waters

user: Did they keep anyone alive?

assistant: Many survivors were deported elsewhere.

user: What happened to Novgorod after the pillage?

assistant: the city was never to regain its former prominence.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Oprichnina did not live long after the sack of Novgorod.

user: What made Ivan suspicious of the noblemen?

assistant: the basis of unproved accusations of treason
Título: Mick Jagger
Seção: Acting and film production
Background: Michael Philip Jagger was born into a middle-class family in Dartford, Kent. His father, Basil Fanshawe "Joe" Jagger (13 April 1913 - 11 November 2006), and grandfather, David Ernest Jagger, were both teachers. His mother, Eva Ensley Mary (nee Scutts; 6 April 1913 - 18 May 2000), born in Sydney, Australia, of English descent, was a hairdresser and an active member of the Conservative Party. Jagger's younger brother, Chris (born 19 December 1947), is also a musician.

Conteúdo: Jagger has also had an intermittent acting career, most well-known for his role in Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg's Performance (1968), and as Australian bushranger Ned Kelly (1970). He composed an improvised soundtrack for Kenneth Anger's film Invocation of My Demon Brother on the Moog synthesiser in 1969. Jagger auditioned for the role of Dr. Frank N. Furter in the 1975 film adaptation of The Rocky Horror Show, a role that was eventually played by Tim Curry the original performer from its run on London's West End. The same year he was approached by director Alejandro Jodorowsky to play the role of Feyd-Rautha in Jodorowsky's proposed adaptation of Frank Herbert's Dune, but the movie never made it to the screen. Jagger appeared as himself in the Rutles' film All You Need Is Cash in 1978 and was cast as Wilbur, a main character in Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo, in the late 1970s. However, the illness of main actor Jason Robards (later replaced by Klaus Kinski), and a delay in the film's notoriously difficult production, resulted in him being unable to continue due to schedule conflicts with a band tour; some footage of Jagger's work is shown in the documentaries Burden of Dreams and My Best Fiend. In 1983 he starred in Faerie Tale Theatre's The Nightingale as the emperor. Jagger developed a reputation for playing the heavy later in his acting career in films including Freejack (1992), Bent (1997), and The Man From Elysian Fields (2002).  In 1995, Jagger founded Jagged Films w

user: What roles did Mick star in?

assistant: most well-known for his role in Donald Cammell and Nicolas Roeg's Performance

user: What was his role in that performance?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Niki Lauda
Seção: 1976 Nurburgring crash
Background: Andreas Nikolaus "Niki" Lauda (born 22 February 1949) is an Austrian former Formula One driver and a three-time F1 World Drivers' Champion, winning in 1975, 1977 and 1984. He is currently the only driver to have been champion for both Ferrari and McLaren, the sport's two most successful constructors. He is considered by some as one of the greatest F1 drivers of all time. More recently an aviation entrepreneur, he has founded and run two airlines (Lauda Air and Niki).

Conteúdo: A week before the 1976 German Grand Prix at the Nurburgring, even though he was the fastest driver on that circuit at the time, Lauda urged his fellow drivers to boycott the race, largely because of the 23-kilometre (14 mi) circuit's safety arrangements, citing the organisers' lack of resources to properly manage such a huge circuit- i.e. the lack of fire marshals; fire and safety equipment and safety vehicles. Most of the other drivers voted against the boycott and the race went ahead.  On 1 August 1976 during the second lap at the very fast left kink before Bergwerk, Lauda was involved in an accident where his Ferrari swerved off the track, hit an embankment, burst into flames and made contact with Brett Lunger's Surtees-Ford car. Unlike Lunger, Lauda was trapped in the wreckage. Drivers Arturo Merzario, Lunger, Guy Edwards and Harald Ertl arrived at the scene a few moments later, but before they were able to pull Lauda from his car, he suffered severe burns to his head and inhaled hot toxic gases that damaged his lungs and blood. As Lauda was wearing a modified helmet, the foam had compressed and it slid off his head after the accident, leaving his face exposed to the fire. Although Lauda was conscious and able to stand immediately after the accident, he later lapsed into a coma.  Lauda suffered extensive scarring from the burns to his head, losing most of his right ear as well as the hair on the right side of his head, his eyebrows and his eyelids. He chose to limit recon

user: What happened in 1976?

assistant: Lauda was involved in an accident where his Ferrari swerved off the track,

user: Was he injured?

assistant: he suffered severe burns to his head and inhaled hot toxic gases that damaged his lungs and blood.

user: Where did the crash happen?

assistant: during the second lap at the very fast left kink before Bergwerk,

user: How did he recover from injury?

assistant: reconstructive surgery to replacing the eyelids and getting them to work properly.

user: Any other surgeries?

assistant: He chose to limit reconstructive surgery
Título: Frank Sinatra
Seção: Later career (1960-1988)
Background: Francis Albert Sinatra was born on December 12, 1915, in an upstairs tenement at 415 Monroe Street in Hoboken, New Jersey. He was the only child of Italian immigrants Antonino Martino "Marty" Sinatra and Natalina "Dolly" Garaventa. Sinatra weighed 13.5 pounds (6.1 kg) at birth and had to be delivered with the aid of forceps, which caused severe scarring to his left cheek, neck, and ear, and perforated his ear drum, damage that remained for life. Due to his injuries at birth, his baptism at St. Francis Church in Hoboken was delayed until April 2, 1916.

Conteúdo: Sinatra attempted to pursue an acting career in Hollywood in the early 1940s. While films appealed to him, being exceptionally self-confident, he was rarely enthusiastic towards his own acting, once remarking that "pictures stink". Sinatra made his film debut in 1941, performing in an uncredited sequence in Las Vegas Nights, singing "I'll Never Smile Again" with Tommy Dorsey's The Pied Pipers. In 1943 he had a cameo role along with Duke Ellington and Count Basie in Charles Barton's Reveille with Beverly, making a brief appearance singing "Night and Day". The following year he was given his leading roles in Higher and Higher and Step Lively for RKO Pictures.  In 1945, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cast Sinatra opposite Gene Kelly and Kathryn Grayson in the Technicolor musical Anchors Aweigh, in which he played a sailor on leave in Hollywood for four days. A major success, it garnered several Academy Award wins and nominations, and the song "I Fall in Love Too Easily", sung by Sinatra in the film, was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song. In 1946, Sinatra briefly appeared at the end of Richard Whorf's commercially successful Till the Clouds Roll By, a Technicolor musical biopic of Jerome Kern, in which he sang "Ol' Man River.  In 1949, Sinatra co-starred with Gene Kelly in the Technicolor musical Take Me Out to the Ball Game, a film set in 1908, in which Sinatra and Kelly play baseball players who are part-time vaudevillians. He teamed up with Kelly for a third time in 

user: what did he do later in his career

assistant: Due to an obligation he owed to 20th Century Fox for walking off the set of Henry King's Carousel (1956),

user: what did he have to do for them

assistant: 1960 Sinatra starred opposite Shirley MacLaine, Maurice Chevalier and Louis Jourdan in Can-Can.

user: was it a success

assistant: He earned $200,000 and 25% of the profits for the performance.

user: did he win any awards

assistant: For his performance in Come Blow Your Horn, he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy.

user: did he win

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what other important things did he do

assistant: In the late 1960s, Sinatra became known for playing detectives, including Tony Rome in Tony Rome (1967) and its sequel Lady In Cement (1968).
Benefits Planner: Disability | You're Approved 


When Your Benefits Start 
If your application is approved , your first Social Security benefit will be paid for the sixth full month after the date we find that your disability began. For example , if your disability began on June 15 , 2018 , your first benefit would be paid for the month of December 2018, the sixth full month of disability. Social Security benefits are paid in the month following the month for which they're due. This means that the benefit due for December would be paid to you in January 2019, and so on. 

How Much You Will Receive 
The amount of your monthly disability benefit is based on your lifetime average earnings covered by Social Security. If you don't already have an estimate , you can get your online with your personal my Social Security account or use our Benefit Calculators to determine how much you would get if you became disabled right now. 

Other Payments May Affect Your Disability Benefits 
If you receive certain other government benefits, such as workers' compensation, public disability benefits, or pensions based on work not covered by Social Security for example, some government or foreign employment, the Social Security benefits payable to you and your family may be reduced. For more information about how these benefits can affect your Social Security payments , refer to the following publications : How Workers' Compensation And Other Disability Payments May Affect Your Benefit ; Windfall Elimination Provision ; or Government Pension Offset. Related Information Income Taxes And Your Social Security Benefits. 

Medicare Coverage If You're Disabled 
We automatically enroll you in Medicare after you get disability benefits for two years. The two parts of Medicare we enroll you in are hospital insurance and medical insurance. Hospital insurance Part A helps pay for inpatient hospital bills and some follow - up care. The taxes you paid while you were working financed this coverage 

user: I have been approved for disability payments but don't know when they will start can you please tell me when my first payment will be?

assistant: When was your application approved?
Título: Bloggingheads.tv
Seção: Regular segments
Background: Bloggingheads.tv (sometimes abbreviated "bhtv") is a political, world events, philosophy, and science video blog discussion site in which the participants take part in an active back and forth conversation via webcam which is then broadcast online to viewers. The site was started by the journalist Robert Wright (The Evolution of God, Nonzero: The Logic of Human Destiny, The Moral Animal) and the blogger and journalist Mickey Kaus on November 1, 2005. (Kaus has since dropped out of operational duties of the site as he didn't want his frequent linking to be seen as a conflict of interest.) Most of the earlier discussions posted to the site involved one or both of those individuals, but since has grown to include a total of over one thousand individual contributors, mostly journalists, academics, scientists, authors, well known political bloggers, and other notable individuals.

Conteúdo: Although most episodes and matchups do not occur on any kind of a regular basis, there are a few notable exceptions to this. There is a frequent (previously biweekly and weekly, but now less frequent) diavlog matchup between the two co-founders of Bloggingheads.tv, Robert Wright and Mickey Kaus, generally related to politics in some form, that usually occurs on either Wednesday or Thursday. While some of the other diavloggers are frequently matched against each other (e.g. David Corn & James Pinkerton) there is usually not a regularly scheduled time at which they take place.  "Science Saturday" was the name given to the weekly episode appearing on Saturday that was always science related. Its last episode was released on December 24, 2011. It usually (but not always) involved either one or both of the science writers John Horgan and George Johnson. Many well-known people in the science community were a part of Science Saturday, including Michael Shermer of Skeptic Magazine, biologist PZ Myers, Craig Venter of the Human Genome Project, aging researcher and biogerentologist Aubrey de Grey, and philosopher David Chalmers, among many others. However, in September 2009, four high-profile science bloggers who had previously participated in Bloggingheads.tv discussions publicly distanced themselves from the site and stated they would no longer agree to appear in Bloggingheads.tv segments. The scientists - Sean Carroll, Carl Zimmer, Phil Plait and PZ Myers - all criticized what they 

user: What were the regular segments?

assistant: There is a frequent (previously biweekly and weekly, but now less frequent) diavlog matchup between the two co-founders
Título: Roberto Orci
Seção: Breakup of the partnership
Background: Orci was born in Mexico City on July 20, 1973, to a Mexican father and a Cuban mother. His mother immigrated to the United States with her parents after Fidel Castro came to power. Orci grew up in Mexico, and moved with his family to the United States at the age of 10. He was raised in Texas, Los Angeles and Canada.

Conteúdo: In April 2014, Orci and Kurtzman confirmed to Variety that they are no longer going to work together on film projects but will still collaborate on television. Kurtzman wanted to work on the Spider-Man film franchise, while Orci was linked to the directorial role for Star Trek 3. Orci confirmed later that year in July that he was not involved in the production of The Amazing Spider-Man 3 alongside Kurtzman. Orci and Kurtzman's K/O Paper Products continues to operate as a production company within CBS Television Studios, and has created the series Scorpion inspired by the life of Walter O'Brien for the 2014-15 season and Limitless was created for the 2015-16 season from the 2011 film.  Prior to the split of Kurtzman and Orci, the duo were lined up to write the third film in the new Star Trek series. In May 2014, Skydance and Paramount Pictures announced that Orci was to direct the third installment of the Star Trek reboot franchise, after Abrams moved on to direct Star Wars: The Force Awakens. This would have marked Orci's directorial debut, and he was to write the script alongside co-writers JD Payne and Patrick McKay. Due to his commitment to Star Trek 3, he dropped out of a new Power Rangers film, for which he would have been executive producer. But on December 5, it was announced he would no longer be directing the Star Trek film. He remains credited as a producer on the film, and was replaced by Doug Jung and cast member Simon Pegg as the script writers after Orci's initi

user: What partnership was ended?

assistant: Orci and Kurtzman

user: Why was the partnership broken up?

assistant: work on the Spider-Man film franchise, while Orci was linked to the directorial role for Star Trek 3.
Título: William H. Seward
Seção: War breaks out
Background: Seward was born in on May 16, 1801, in the small community of Florida, New York, in Orange County. He was the fourth son of Samuel Sweezy Seward and his wife Mary (Jennings) Seward. Samuel Seward was a wealthy landowner and slaveholder in New York State; slavery was not fully abolished in the state until 1827. Florida was located some 60 miles (97 km) north of New York City, west of the Hudson River, and was a small rural village of perhaps a dozen homes.

Conteúdo: There were no primaries in 1860, no way to be certain how many delegates a candidate might receive. Nevertheless, going into the 1860 Republican National Convention in May in Chicago, Seward was seen as the overwhelming favorite. Others spoken of for the nomination included Ohio Governor Salmon P. Chase, former Missouri congressman Edward Bates, and former Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln.  Seward stayed in Auburn during the convention; Weed was present on his behalf and worked to shore up Seward's support. He was amply supplied with money: business owners had eagerly given, expecting Seward to be the next president. Weed's reputation was not entirely positive; he was believed corrupt by some, and his association both helped and hurt Seward.  Enemies such as publisher and former Seward ally Horace Greeley cast doubts as to Seward's electability in the battleground states of Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Lincoln had worked hard to gain a reputation as a moderate in the party and hoped to be seen as a consensus second choice, who might be successful in those critical states, of which the Republicans had to win three to secure the election. Lincoln's men, led by his friend David Davis, were active on his behalf. As Lincoln had not been seen as a major candidate, his supporters had been able to influence the decision to hold the convention in his home state, and surrounded the New York delegation, pro-Seward, with Lincoln loyalists. They eventually were succ

user: Which war broke out?

assistant: Civil War.

user: What did Seward do in the war?

assistant: Seward sent Lincoln a memorandum on April 1, proposing various courses of action, including possibly declaring war on France and Spain
Título: Walt Whitman
Seção: Legacy and influence
Background: Walter "Walt" Whitman (; May 31, 1819 - March 26, 1892) was an American poet, essayist, and journalist. A humanist, he was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism, incorporating both views in his works. Whitman is among the most influential poets in the American canon, often called the father of free verse.

Conteúdo: Walt Whitman has been claimed as America's first "poet of democracy", a title meant to reflect his ability to write in a singularly American character. A British friend of Walt Whitman, Mary Smith Whitall Costelloe, wrote: "You cannot really understand America without Walt Whitman, without Leaves of Grass... He has expressed that civilization, 'up to date,' as he would say, and no student of the philosophy of history can do without him." Modernist poet Ezra Pound called Whitman "America's poet... He is America." Andrew Carnegie called him "the great poet of America so far". Whitman considered himself a messiah-like figure in poetry. Others agreed: one of his admirers, William Sloane Kennedy, speculated that "people will be celebrating the birth of Walt Whitman as they are now the birth of Christ".  The literary critic, Harold Bloom wrote, as the introduction for the 150th anniversary of Leaves of Grass:  If you are American, then Walt Whitman is your imaginative father and mother, even if, like myself, you have never composed a line of verse. You can nominate a fair number of literary works as candidates for the secular Scripture of the United States. They might include Melville's Moby-Dick, Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and Emerson's two series of Essays and The Conduct of Life. None of those, not even Emerson's, are as central as the first edition of Leaves of Grass.  In his own time, Whitman attracted an influential coterie of disciples and admirers. Some, like O

user: What is Whitman's legacy?

assistant: Walt Whitman has been claimed as America's first "poet of democracy", a title meant to reflect his ability to write in a singularly American character.

user: Did Whitman inspired other poets or artists?

assistant: A British friend of Walt Whitman, Mary Smith Whitall Costelloe, wrote: "You cannot really understand America without Walt Whitman, without Leaves of Grass...
Título: Octavia E. Butler
Seção: Bloodchild and the Xenogenesis trilogy: 1984-1989
Background: Octavia Estelle Butler was born on June 22, 1947, in Pasadena, California, the only child of Octavia Margaret Guy, a housemaid, and Laurice James Butler, a shoeshine man. Butler's father died when she was seven, so Octavia was raised by her mother and maternal grandmother in what she would later recall as a strict Baptist environment. Growing up in the racially integrated community of Pasadena allowed Butler to experience cultural and ethnic diversity in the midst of racial segregation. She accompanied her mother to her cleaning work, where the two entered white people's houses through back doors, as workers.

Conteúdo: Butler followed Clay's Ark with the critically acclaimed short story "Bloodchild" (1984). Set on an alien planet, it depicts the complex relationship between human refugees and the insect-like aliens who keep them in a preserve to protect them, but also to use them as hosts for breeding their young. Sometimes called Butler's "pregnant man story," "Bloodchild" won the Nebula, Hugo, and Locus Awards, and the Science Fiction Chronicle Reader Award.  Three years later, Butler published Dawn, the first installment of what would become known as the Xenogenesis trilogy. The series examines the theme of alienation by creating situations in which humans are forced to coexist with other species to survive and extends Butler's recurring exploration of genetically-altered, hybrid individuals and communities. In Dawn, protagonist Lilith Iyapo finds herself in a spaceship after surviving a nuclear apocalypse that destroys Earth. Saved by the Oankali aliens, the human survivors must combine their DNA with an ooloi, the Oankali's third sex, in order to create a new race that eliminates a self-destructive flaw in humans--their aggressive hierarchical tendencies. Butler followed Dawn with "The Evening and the Morning and the Night" (1987), a story about how certain female sufferers of "Duryea-Gode Disease," a genetic disorder which causes dissociative states, obsessive self-mutilation, and violent psychosis, are able to control others afflicted with the disease.  Adulthood Rites (1988) and Ima

user: When was the trilogy published?

assistant: 1989

user: What was the name of the first book?

assistant: Dawn,

user: What was the name of the second book?

assistant: The Evening and the Morning and the Night
Benefits Planner: Retirement 


Online Calculator (WEP Version) 
The calculator shown below allows you to estimate your Social Security benefit. However , for the most accurate estimates , use the Detailed Calculator. You need to enter all your past earnings, which are shown on your online. Please Note: The Online Calculator is updated periodically * with new benefit increases and other benefit amounts. Therefore , it is likely that your benefit estimates in the future will differ from those calculated today. The Online Calculator works on PCs and Macs with Javascript enabled. Some browsers may not allow you to print the table below. Note: If your birthday is on January 1st , we figure your benefit as if your birthday was in the previous year. If you qualify for benefits as a Survivor , your full retirement age for survivors benefits may be different. 

user: I am looking to calculate my benefits planner for my retirement, what do I do?

assistant: Have you seen our Online Calculator (WEP Version)?

user: Yes I have seen it before

assistant: This calculator allows you to estimate your Social Security benefit

assistant: Does that calculator provide me with the most accurate estimates?

user: I don't need the most accurate estimates at the moment

user: Is the Online Calculator continuously updated with the most recent information?

assistant: This Online Calculator is updated periodically with any benefit increases, so it is not the most up to date that you could use

user: Does it matter, for benefit calculation purposes, if my birthday is January 1st?

assistant: If this is your birthday, we calculate your benefit as if your birthday was in the previous year
Título: Nomeansno
Seção: With Andy Kerr, You Kill Me, Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed (1983-1989)
Background: Nomeansno (sometimes stylized as NoMeansNo or spelled No Means No) was a Canadian punk rock band formed in Victoria, British Columbia and later relocated to Vancouver. They issued ten LPs, one collaborative LP, numerous EPs and singles, and gained an international audience following extensive touring. Critic Martin Popoff described their music as "the mightiest merger between the hateful aggression of punk and the discipline of heavy metal."

Conteúdo: The Infamous Scientists disbanded, and their guitarist and vocalist Andy Kerr joined Nomeansno in 1983. Kerr brought a distinct hardcore punk edge to Nomeansno's sound, creating a buzz-saw guitar tone by playing through a Fender Bassman amplifier and a P.A. speaker. Nomeansno became a fixture in the British Columbia punk scene despite playing music which did not always conform to punk rock standards. The You Kill Me EP in 1985 on the Undergrowth Records imprint exhibited their experimental sound on dark and ponderous songs like "Body Bag" and a "tuneless" cover of "Manic Depression" by Jimi Hendrix. The three also began performing Ramones covers and more traditional punk music as The Hanson Brothers, a side project which would later receive more of their attention.  Issued initially by the Montreal punk label Psyche Industry, the band released Sex Mad, their second LP and first with Kerr. The album further expanded the band's experimental and progressive punk sound, yielding the single "Dad". The song was a minor college radio hit, which AllMusic reviewer Adam Bregman called "a bit chilling, even though it's spit out at slam-pit's pace". Kerr, the song's lead vocalist, increasingly became responsible for lead vocals as Rob Wright suffered from nodules on his vocal cords. They soon signed with the seminal punk rock label Alternative Tentacles, run by Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys. This, along with frequent touring in North America and Europe, helped the band to garner a la

user: Did Nomeansno collaborate with Andy Kerr?

assistant: The Infamous Scientists disbanded, and their guitarist and vocalist Andy Kerr joined Nomeansno in 1983.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Nomeansno became a fixture in the British Columbia punk scene despite playing music which did not always conform to punk rock standards.

user: Did they have any influences?

assistant: The three also began performing Ramones covers and more traditional punk music as The Hanson Brothers,
Título: Judy Chicago
Seção: Education and early career
Background: Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen, July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. By the 1970s, Chicago had founded the first feminist art program in the United States. Chicago's work incorporates a variety of artistic skills, such as needlework, counterbalanced with labor-intensive skills such as welding and pyrotechnics. Chicago's most well known work is The Dinner Party, which is permanently installed in the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum.

Conteúdo: While at UCLA, she became politically active, designing posters for the UCLA NAACP chapter and eventually became its corresponding secretary. In June 1959, she met and became romantically linked with Jerry Gerowitz. She left school and moved in with him, for the first time having her own studio space. The couple hitch hiked to New York in 1959, just as Chicago's mother and brother moved to Los Angeles to be closer to her. The couple lived in Greenwich Village for a time, before returning in 1960 from Los Angeles to Chicago so she could finish her degree. Chicago married Gerowitz in 1961. She graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1962 and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Gerowitz died in a car crash in 1963, devastating Chicago and causing her to suffer from an identity crisis until later that decade. She received her Master of Fine Arts from UCLA in 1964.  While in grad school, Chicago's created a series that was abstract, yet easily recognized as male and female sexual organs. These early works were called Bigamy, and represented the death of her husband. One depicted an abstract penis, which was "stopped in flight" before it could unite with a vaginal form. Her professors, who were mainly men, were dismayed over these works. Despite the use of sexual organs in her work, Chicago refrained from using gender politics or identity as themes.  In 1965, Chicago displayed work in her first solo show, at the Rolf Nelson Gallery in Los Angeles; Chicago was one of only 

user: Where did she get her education?

assistant: She received her Master of Fine Arts from UCLA in 1964.

user: Where did she start her career?

assistant: While in grad school, Chicago's created a series that was abstract,
Título: Cathy Rush
Seção: USA Basketball Pan American team
Background: Rush was born in Atlantic City, New Jersey on April 7, 1947 to John and Alice Cowan. She grew up in Egg Harbor Township, New Jersey, a township with over 40,000 residents in 2010, but approximately 5,000 when she was in elementary school. Her elementary school consisted of two rooms, with a single teacher for each room. One room housed the first through third grades, while the other room was for the fourth through sixth grades.

Conteúdo: The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971. In 1975, the team was determined to win the gold, and Cathy Rush was named head coach. One of the leading players on the Pan American team was Lusia Harris, whose Delta State team had beaten Immaculata in the 1975 Championship game, and would do so again in 1976. There were other notable players on the team, such as Pat Head (Summitt), Ann Meyers and others, as well as a 17-year-old high school player, Nancy Lieberman.  The games were originally planned for Chile, then Brazil when Chile withdrew the offer to host, and then Mexico City, where they were eventually held in October. The team roster and coaches were identical to the US National team that placed eighth in the World Championships, held a few weeks earlier. That team finished with a disappointing 4-3 record, but lost the three games by a total of nine points.  The USA's team first opponent was Mexico, a team that finished ahead of the USA at the World Championships, and would end up the silver medal winning in this competition. The USA team beat them 99-65, setting a tone for the event. The USA next beat Canada 75-56. They followed that game with a convincing 116-28 victory over El Salvador. Their following game against Cuba was the only close game, with the USA winning by six points 70-64. The USA team then went on to defeat the Dominican Republic 99-50, and C

user: When were the Pan American games?

assistant: Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963,

user: Did they win the games?

assistant: The USA Basketball team had had success in the Pan American games with gold medals in 1955,1959, and 1963, but had come in second place in both 1967 and 1971.

user: What teams did they play against?

assistant: The USA's team first opponent was Mexico,
Título: Elliott Smith
Seção: 1991-96: Heatmiser
Background: Steven Paul Smith was born at the Clarkson Hospital in Omaha, Nebraska, the only child of Gary Smith, a student at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, and Bunny Kay Berryman, an elementary school music teacher. His parents divorced when he was six months old, and Smith moved with his mother to Duncanville, Texas. Smith later had a tattoo of a map of Texas drawn on his upper arm and said: "I didn't get it because I like Texas, kind of the opposite. But I won't forget about it, although I'm tempted to because I don't like it there."

Conteúdo: Smith graduated from Hampshire College in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1991 with a degree in philosophy and political science. "Went straight through in four years", he explained to Under the Radar in 2003. "I guess it proved to myself that I could do something I really didn't want to for four years. Except I did like what I was studying. At the time it seemed like, 'This is your one and only chance to go to college and you had just better do it because some day you might wish that you did.' Plus, the whole reason I applied in the first place was because of my girlfriend, and I had gotten accepted already even though we had broken up before the first day." After he graduated, he "worked in a bakery back in Portland with a bachelor's degree in philosophy and legal theory".  While at Hampshire, Smith formed the band Heatmiser with classmate Neil Gust. After Smith graduated from Hampshire, the band added drummer Tony Lash and bassist Brandt Peterson and began performing around Portland in 1992. The group released the albums Dead Air (1993) and Cop and Speeder (1994) as well as the Yellow No. 5 EP (1994) on Frontier Records. They were then signed to Virgin Records to release what became their final album, Mic City Sons (1996).  Around this time, Smith and Gust worked a number of odd jobs around Portland, including installing drywall, spreading gravel, transplanting bamboo trees, and painting the roof of a warehouse with heat reflective paint. The pair were also on unemployment benef

user: Was the group popular ?

assistant: The pair were also on unemployment benefits for some time,
Título: The Jay Leno Show
Seção: Ratings
Background: The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno. Premiering on NBC on September 14, 2009, the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9, 2010. The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show--specifically, Jay Leno's incarnation of The Tonight Show, opening with a comedic monologue, followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments. Sketches from The Tonight Show (including Headlines and Jaywalking) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show, along with new sketches.

Conteúdo: Leno did not expect his show to beat competing first-run episodes, but to do better than reruns, in part because topical jokes benefit from the "immediacy" of the time slot versus 11:30 pm. A television analyst predicted that Leno would finish in "a safe third place" every night. NBC research before the show's debut indicated that fans of Leno would watch Leno two to three times a week.  NBC saw a 1.5 rating for the show in the 18-49 demographic as "viable" and a 1.8 as a "home run". NBC told Leno that at a 1.5 rating, NBC makes $300 million a year. Tonight at 11:30 pm earned about a 1.3 to 1.5; the television audience at 10 pm is 40% larger than at 11:30 pm, and the network hoped Leno's audience would also grow. Industry observers have cited a range of ratings, from 1.7 to 2, as being necessary for the show to succeed at 10 pm. By comparison, 2.5 is generally necessary for a 10 pm drama to succeed; those that earned a 1.7 or less during the 2008-2009 season were generally cancelled. NBC's prime-time dramas averaged about 2 during 2008-2009.  The first episode of The Jay Leno Show earned "fast national" estimates of 17.7 million viewers, an 11 Nielsen rating (5.1 among persons 18-49) and an 18 share, significantly above both his Tonight finale and the debut of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien in all categories. By the second week and competing against season premieres, the audience fell to six million viewers, still on par with or exceeding NBC projections. As of November 

user: What were the ratings like?

assistant: NBC saw a 1.5 rating for the show in the 18-49 demographic as "viable" and a 1.8 as a "home run

user: did they change?

assistant: The first episode of The Jay Leno Show earned "fast national" estimates of 17.7 million viewers, an 11 Nielsen rating (5.1 among persons 18-49)

user: did it get more popular as the show went on?

assistant: By the second week and competing against season premieres, the audience fell to six million viewers, still on par with or exceeding NBC projections.
Título: The Jay Leno Show
Seção: Industry impact
Background: The Jay Leno Show is an American talk show created by and starring Jay Leno. Premiering on NBC on September 14, 2009, the program aired on weeknights at 10:00 p.m. ET/PT through February 9, 2010. The program was modeled upon the format of a late night talk show--specifically, Jay Leno's incarnation of The Tonight Show, opening with a comedic monologue, followed by interviews with celebrity guests and other comedy segments. Sketches from The Tonight Show (including Headlines and Jaywalking) were carried over to The Jay Leno Show, along with new sketches.

Conteúdo: NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? marathons in 1999 and only the second since DuMont aired Captain Video and His Video Rangers from 1949 to 1955. More recently, the upstart MyNetwork TV had attempted, upon its launch in 2006, to air the same telenovelas every night of the week, a programming strategy that proved to be very unsuccessful. NBC's executives called the decision "a transformational moment in the history of broadcasting" and "in effect, launching five shows." An industry observer said that Leno, "in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken." According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, "If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade."  Although NBC had not developed a new hit show at 10 pm in years, industry executives criticized the network for abandoning a history of airing quality dramas at that hour such as Hill Street Blues, St. Elsewhere, and ER, which made NBC "the gold standard for sophisticated programming . . . the No. 1 network for affluent and well-educated young viewers" during the 1980s and 1990s. In addition, critics predicted that the decision would hurt NBC by undermining a reputation built on successful scripted shows. Other networks believed NBC's decision created an opportunity, and planned their 2009-2010 schedules accordingly. For example, 

user: What was the industry impact?

assistant: NBC became the first large United States network to broadcast the same show every weekday during prime time since ABC's Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?

user: When did that begin?

assistant: in 1999

user: Was the show well received?

assistant: " An industry observer said that Leno, "in all my years, is the biggest risk a network has ever taken."

user: What made it a risk?

assistant: According to former NBC president Fred Silverman, "If the Leno Show works, it will be the most significant thing to happen in broadcast television in the last decade."

user: Did Leno replace another talk show?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What else did you find interesting?

assistant: The January 29, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly listed the show at the top of a list of the 50 Biggest Bombs in television history.
Título: Al Costello
Seção: Fabulous Kangaroos
Background: Giacomo Costa (14 December 1919 - 22 January 2000) was an Italian Australian professional wrestler best known by his ring name, Al Costello. Costello was the first professional wrestler to be nicknamed "The Man of a Thousand Holds" because of his innovative and very technical style. Costello was the creator and original member of the tag team The Fabulous Kangaroos, whose "Ultra Australian" gimmick complete with boomerangs, bush hats and the song "Waltzing Matilda" as their entrance music, existed in various forms from 1957 until 1983. Costello was either an active wrestler, or a manager in all versions of The Fabulous Kangaroos.

Conteúdo: For years, Al Costello had been working on an idea for a new tag team; he even knew who he wanted for a partner: a wrestler he had worked with some years ago named Roy Heffernan. Because Costello and Heffernan had lost touch over the years, the idea remained dormant until Costello toured Hawaii in 1956. Costello mentioned his idea of an "Ultra Australian" tag team to fellow wrestler, and future promoter, Joe Blanchard. Blanchard happened to be a good friend of Roy Heffernan and knew he was working in Stampede Wrestling at the time. Blanchard put the two in touch with each other, and Costello was soon off to Calgary, Alberta, Canada to join Heffernan and finally make his tag team a reality. Costello and Heffernan debuted as "The Fabulous Kangaroos" on 3 May 1957 for Stu Hart's Stampede Wrestling promotion in a match against Maurice LaPointe and Tony Baillargeon. Only weeks after that first match, The Kangaroos were working with the top tag teams in the promotion.  After working in Stampede for a while, The Fabulous Kangaroos started to travel across the United States, headlining shows wherever they went due to their ability to rile up crowds with their heel (bad guy) tactics. On one occasion in August 1958, The Kangaroos, or "Kangaroo Men" as they were billed, nearly caused a riot in Madison Square Garden during a match against Antonino Rocca and Miguel Perez; the fans began to throw fruit and stones at them. After the match ended without a decisive winner, the promoters stepp

user: Who was the fabulous Kangaroos?

assistant: Costello and Heffernan debuted as "The Fabulous Kangaroos"

user: Where they a international team or did they travel?

assistant: The Kangaroos wrestled in the United States, Canada, Asia and select tours of Australia and New Zealand.

user: Did t hey win any titles?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER