Título: Haruki Murakami
Seção: From "detachment" to "commitment"
Background: Haruki Murakami (Cun Shang  Chun Shu , Murakami Haruki, born January 12, 1949) is a Japanese writer. His books and stories have been bestsellers in Japan as well as internationally, with his work being translated into 50 languages and selling millions of copies outside his native country. The critical acclaim for his fiction and non-fiction has led to numerous awards, in Japan and internationally, including the World Fantasy Award (2006) and the Frank O'Connor International Short Story Award (2006). His oeuvre received, for example, the Franz Kafka Prize (2006) and the Jerusalem Prize (2009).

Conteúdo: The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1995) is a novel that fuses the realistic and fantastic, and contains elements of physical violence. It is also more socially conscious than his previous work, dealing in part with the difficult topic of war crimes in Manchukuo (Northeast China). The novel won the Yomiuri Prize, awarded by one of his harshest former critics, Kenzaburo Oe, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.  The processing of collective trauma soon became an important theme in Murakami's writing, which had previously been more personal in nature. Murakami returned to Japan in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake and the Aum Shinrikyo gas attack. He came to terms with these events with his first work of non-fiction, Underground, and the short story collection after the quake. Underground consists largely of interviews of victims of the gas attacks in the Tokyo subway system.  Murakami himself mentions that he changed his position from one of "detachment" to one of "commitment" after staying in the United States in 1991. "His early books, he said, originated in an individual darkness, while his later works tap into the darkness found in society and history."  English translations of many of his short stories written between 1983 and 1990 have been collected in The Elephant Vanishes. Murakami has also translated many works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Raymond Carver, Truman Capote, John Irving, and Paul Theroux, among others, into Japanese.  Murakami took an active role in tr

user: What is the main point of the article?

assistant: The processing of collective trauma soon became an important theme in Murakami's writing, which had previously been more personal in nature.

user: What was the trauma?

assistant: Murakami returned to Japan in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake and the Aum Shinrikyo gas attack. He came to terms with these events with his first work of non-fiction,

user: What was his first non-fiction book?

assistant: The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1995) is a novel that fuses the realistic and fantastic, and contains elements of physical violence. It

user: When did he return to Japan?

assistant: in the aftermath of the Kobe earthquake and the Aum Shinrikyo gas attack.

user: Was The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle a popular book?

assistant: The novel won the Yomiuri Prize, awarded by one of his harshest former critics, Kenzaburo Oe, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1994.

user: Did he write other novels?

assistant: English translations of many of his short stories written between 1983 and 1990 have been collected in The Elephant Vanishes.

user: Did he work with any other authors?

assistant: Murakami has also translated many works of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Raymond Carver, Truman Capote, John Irving, and Paul Theroux, among others, into Japanese.

user: What books did he help translate?

assistant: Murakami took an active role in translation of his work into English, encouraging "adaptations" of his texts to American reality rather than direct translation.

user: Did he have any controversy in this time?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What else did Murakami do during this time?

assistant: Some of his works which appeared in German turned out to be translations from English rather than from Japanese (

user: What was the translation?

assistant: (South of the Border, West of the Sun, 2000; The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle, 2000s), encouraged by Murakami himself. Both were later re-translated from Japanese.