Título: Oscar Pistorius
Seção: Dispute over prosthetics
Background: Oscar Leonard Carl Pistorius was born to Henke and Sheila Pistorius on 22 November 1986 in Sandton, Johannesburg, in what was then Transvaal Province (now Gauteng Province) of South Africa. He grew up in a Christian home and has an elder brother, Carl, and a younger sister, Aimee. Pistorius credits his mother, who died at the age of 43 when Pistorius was 15 years old, as a major influence in his life. Pistorius is a white South African with Italian ancestry from his maternal great-grandfather, who was an Italian emigrant to Kenya.

Conteúdo: Pistorius has been the subject of criticism because of claims that his artificial limbs give him an advantage over runners with natural ankles and feet. He runs with J-shaped carbon-fibre prosthetics called the "Flex-Foot Cheetah" developed by biomedical engineer Van Phillips and manufactured by Ossur.  On 26 March 2007, the IAAF amended its competition rules to include a ban on the use of "any technical device that incorporates springs, wheels or any other element that provides a user with an advantage over another athlete not using such a device". The IAAF stated that the amendment was not specifically aimed at Pistorius. To decide whether he was running with an unfair advantage, the IAAF monitored his track performances using high-definition cameras to film his race against Italian club runners in Rome on 13 July, and his 400 metres in Sheffield on 15 July 2007, at which he placed last.  In November 2007, Pistorius was invited to take part in a series of scientific tests at the Cologne Sports University under the guidance of Professor of Biomechanics Dr Peter Bruggemann in conjunction with Elio Locatelli, who was responsible with the IAAF of all technical issues. After two days of tests, Bruggemann reported on his findings on behalf of the IAAF. The report claimed that Pistorius's limbs used 25% less energy than runners with complete natural legs to run at the same speed, and that they led to less vertical motion combined with 30% less mechanical work for lifting the body.

user: What caused the dispute?

assistant: He runs with J-shaped carbon-fibre prosthetics called the "Flex-Foot Cheetah"

user: Was there an issue with the prosthetic?

assistant: To decide whether he was running with an unfair advantage, the IAAF monitored his track performances using high-definition cameras to film his race

user: How would the prosthetic cause an unfair advantage?

assistant: Pistorius's limbs used 25% less energy than runners with complete natural legs to run at the same speed,

user: Was there another advantage of using the prosthetic?

assistant: they led to less vertical motion combined with 30% less mechanical work for lifting the body.

user: What became of the dispute?

assistant: the IAAF ruled Pistorius's prostheses ineligible for use in competitions conducted under the IAAF rules,

user: did he appeal it?

assistant: Pistorius subsequently appealed against the adverse decision to the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) in Lausanne, Switzerland, and appeared before the tribunal at the end of April 2008.

user: Did he win the appeal?

assistant: After a two-day hearing, on 16 May 2008, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld Pistorius's appeal