dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Lew Hoad
Seção: Playing style and assessment
Background: Lewis Alan Hoad (23 November 1934 - 3 July 1994) was an Australian World No. 1 tennis player. In his 1979 autobiography, Jack Kramer, the long-time tennis promoter and great player himself, ranked Hoad as one of the 21 best players of all time. For five straight years, beginning in 1952, he was ranked in the world top 10 for amateurs, reaching the World No. 1 spot in 1956. Hoad was a member of the Australian team that between 1952 and 1956 won the Davis Cup four times.

Conteúdo: Strength played an important part in Hoad's game, as he often drove for winners rather than rallying and waiting for the right opportunity. Although he assaulted his opponents, he also had the skill to win the French Championships on the slower clay court. Hoad played right-handed and had a powerful serve and groundstrokes but his game lacked consistency. At times Hoad had difficulty maintaining concentration. According to Kramer, "Hoad had the loosest game of any good kid I ever saw. There was absolutely no pattern to his game.... He was the only player I ever saw who could stand six or seven feet behind the baseline and snap the ball back hard, crosscourt. He'd try for winners off everything, off great serves, off tricky short balls, off low volleys. He hit hard overspin drives, and there was no way you could ever get him to temporise on important points." Kramer compares Hoad to another great player, Ellsworth Vines. "Both were very strong guys. Both succeeded at a very young age.... Also, both were very lazy guys. Vines lost interest in tennis (for golf) before he was thirty, and Hoad never appeared to be very interested. Despite their great natural ability, neither put up the outstanding records that they were capable of. Unfortunately, the latter was largely true because both had physical problems."  Gonzales, who is considered to be among the greatest tennis players of all time, always maintained that Hoad was the toughest, most skilful adversary that he had ever faced

user: Did Lew Hoad play lefty or righty?

assistant: Hoad played right-handed and had a powerful serve and groundstrokes but his game lacked consistency.

user: What was his playing style like?

assistant: He was the only player I ever saw who could stand six or seven feet behind the baseline and snap the ball back hard, crosscourt.

user: Why did his game lack consistency?

assistant: He'd try for winners off everything, off great serves, off tricky short balls, off low volleys.

user: When did he finally start showing consistency?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did his playing style change at all?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
What is a suspension for failure to pay tolls? 
If you do not pay a required toll, fee or other charge to a tolling authority, which operates a toll highway, bridge and/or tunnel facility, your registration may be suspended. 

Who issues toll violations? 
A tolling authority , which includes the New York State Thruway Authority, the Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority MTA Bridges and Tunnels and the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. 

What happens if I don t pay a toll? 
If you fail to pay tolls, fees or other charges in relation to 3 or more tolling violations, all committed within 5 years, or fail to pay $200 in tolls accumulated within 5 years, if the violations occurred in a commercial vehicle, or fail to have them dismissed or transferred , the NYS Department of Motor Vehicles, " DMV " may send you a Notice of Registration Suspension. The notice will advise you that if you pay all of the tolls, fees or other charges owed to the tolling authority, or have them dismissed or transferred, the suspension will not take effect. You also have the right to a hearing before the DMV. If you request a DMV hearing , the suspension is placed on hold pending the outcome of the hearing. 

What is the purpose of a DMV hearing? 
The purpose of the hearing is to determine whether the tolling authority notified you that you failed to pay tolls, fees or other charges related to 3 or more violations of the Authority s toll collection regulations, all such violations committed within a 5 year period, or failed to pay $200 in tolls accumulated within 5 years, if the violations occurred in a commercial vehicle, or failed to have them dismissed or transferred. At the hearing , you may NOT dispute whether you evaded a toll and/or failed to pay tolls, fees or other charges. You must raise those issues with the tolling authority outside of the hearing. 

Must I appear for the hearing? 
As the Notice of Registration Suspension indicates , you may request an in - person DMV hea

user: Hello, I have a hearing tomorrow. Should I appear for the hearing?

assistant: Do you know what the Notice of Suspension of Registration indicates?

user: I would like to know

assistant: As indicated in the Notice of Suspension of Registration, you can request an in-person hearing with the DMV or you can request a hearing by affidavit, this is a paper hearing. The Notice of Suspension of Registration provides instructions on how to file the affidavit with the DMV.

user: another question, and that contains the Notice of Suspension of Registration?

assistant: The notice will inform you that if you pay all tolls, fees, or other charges due to the toll authority, or if you dismiss or transfer them, the suspension will not take effect.

user: How can I respond to a toll authority for non-payment of tolls?

assistant: it is important that you DO NOT contact the New York State DMV to dispute whether you violated a toll regulation or did not pay the toll, fees, or other charges.

assistant: want to dispute an allegation?
Título: Kurt Angle
Seção: New Japan Pro-Wrestling (2007-2009)
Background: Angle was born in the Pittsburgh suburb of Mt. Lebanon Township, Pennsylvania, the son of Jackie and David Angle. He attended Clarion University of Pennsylvania, graduating with a degree in education in 1993. Angle has four older brothers (one of whom, Eric, is also a wrestler) and a sister, Le'Anne, who died in 2003. His father, a crane operator, was killed in a construction accident when Angle was 16, and Angle dedicated both his career and his autobiography to his father.

Conteúdo: On February 18, 2007, Angle made his debut in New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), teaming with former IWGP Heavyweight Champion Yuji Nagata to defeat fellow TNA wrestler Travis Tomko and fellow WWE alumnus Giant Bernard.  Angle was booked to face Brock Lesnar in a champion versus champion match for the Inoki Genome Federation (IGF) on June 29, 2007, and defeated him by submission to win the IWGP Heavyweight Championship. Angle then challenged Lesnar to an MMA fight. On December 19, 2007, Angle defended the IWGP title successfully against Kendo Kashin.  On January 4, 2008, Angle made his third successful IWGP Heavyweight Championship defense when he defeated Yuji Nagata at the NJPW supershow Wrestle Kingdom II in Tokyo Dome by forcing Nagata to submit to the ankle lock. On February 17, 2008, Angle lost the IWGP title to the NJPW-recognized champion Shinsuke Nakamura in a unification match. He returned in August during the G1 Climax in two special tag matches with A.J. Styles as his main opponent. In those matches Shinsuke Nakamura and Masahiro Chono became Angle's partners while Hiroshi Tanahashi and Shinjiro Otani became Styles' partners. Angle's team won both matches.  He returned on January 4, 2009, at Wrestle Kingdom III in Tokyo Dome in a special eight-man tag match, where he, Kevin Nash, Chono, and Riki Choshu faced G.B.H. (Giant Bernard, Karl Anderson, Takashi Iizuka and Tomohiro Ishii), with Angle getting the win for his team. Angle then went on to defeat Bernard in a sing

user: When did Kurt Angle join the Japan Pro-Wrestling league?

assistant: On February 18, 2007,

user: Did he win a title?

assistant: December 19, 2007, Angle defended the IWGP title successfully against Kendo Kashin.

user: When did he first win the IWGP title?

assistant: December 19, 2007,

user: Did he have any other title matches?

assistant: On January 4, 2008, Angle made his third successful IWGP Heavyweight Championship defense when he defeated

user: Who did he defeat?

assistant: Yuji Nagata at the
Título: Tori Amos
Seção: The Epic Records years (2002-07)
Background: Tori Amos (born Myra Ellen Amos, August 22, 1963) is an American singer-songwriter, pianist, and composer. She is a classically trained musician with a mezzo-soprano vocal range. Having already begun composing instrumental pieces on piano, Amos won a full scholarship to the Peabody Institute at Johns Hopkins University at the age of five, the youngest person ever to have been admitted. She was expelled at the age of eleven for what Rolling Stone described as "musical insubordination.

Conteúdo: With her Atlantic contract fulfilled after a 15-year stint, Amos signed to Epic in late 2001. In October 2002, Amos released Scarlet's Walk, another concept album. Described as a "sonic novel", the album explores Amos's alter ego, Scarlet, intertwined with her cross-country concert tour following 9/11. Through the songs, Amos explores such topics as the history of America, American people, Native American history, pornography, masochism, homophobia and misogyny. The album had a strong debut at No. 7 on the Billboard 200. Scarlet's Walk is Amos's last album to date to reach certified gold status from the RIAA.  Not long after Amos was ensconced with her new label, she received unsettling news when Polly Anthony resigned as president of Epic Records in 2003. Anthony had been one of the primary reasons Amos signed with the label and as a result of her resignation, Amos formed the Bridge Entertainment Group. Further trouble for Amos occurred the following year when her label, Epic/Sony Music Entertainment, merged with BMG Entertainment as a result of the industry's decline. Amos would later hint in interviews that during the creation of her next album, those in charge at the label following the aforementioned merger were interested "only in making money", the effects of which on the album have not been disclosed.  Amos released two more albums with the label, The Beekeeper (2005) and American Doll Posse (2007). Both albums received generally favorable reviews. The Beekeeper was c

user: When did Amos release a live album?

assistant: 2006
Título: West Side Story
Seção: International productions
Background: West Side Story is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents, music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and conception and choreography by Jerome Robbins. It was inspired by William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. The story is set in the Upper West Side neighborhood in New York City in the mid 1950s, an ethnic, blue-collar neighborhood (in the early 1960s, much of the neighborhood was cleared in an urban renewal project for the Lincoln Center, which changed the neighborhood's character). The musical explores the rivalry between the Jets and the Sharks, two teenage street gangs of different ethnic backgrounds.

Conteúdo: The original Australian production opened in October 1960 at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne, before touring to the Tivoli Theatre in Sydney in February 1961. Subsequent Australian national tours have been staged in 1983, 1994 and 2010.  In 1961, a tour of Israel, Africa and the Near East was mounted. In February 1962, the West End (H. M. Tennent) production launched a five-month Scandinavian tour opening in Copenhagen, continuing to Oslo, Gothenburg, Stockholm and Helsinki. Robert Jeffrey took over from David Holliday as Tony and Jill Martin played Maria. In 1977, Amor Sin Barreras was produced in Mexico City by Alfonso Rosas Prigo, & Ruben Boido, Direction by Ruben Boido, presented at the Hidalgo Theater. Gualberto Castro played the part of Tony; Maria Medina was Maria, among other cast members was Macaria. From 1982-1984 a tour of South America, Israel and Europe was mounted with talent from New York. The Director/Choreographers for that production were Jay Norman and Lee Theodore, veterans of the original Broadway cast. The Japanese Takarazuka Revue has performed the show twice. It was produced by the Moon Troupe in 1998 and again in 1999 by the Star Troupe. A Hong Kong production was produced in 2000 with Cantonese lyrics, featuring Hong Kong rock star Paul Wong as Tony. It was staged at the outdoor plaza of Hong Kong Cultural Centre. Canada's Stratford Shakespeare Festival performed West Side Story in 1999, starring Tyley Ross as Tony and Ma-Anne Dionisio as Maria, an

user: What are some locations of the international productions?

assistant: The original Australian production opened in October 1960 at the Princess Theatre in Melbourne, before touring to the Tivoli Theatre in Sydney in February 1961.

user: What is another location?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Subsequent Australian national tours have been staged in 1983, 1994 and 2010.
Título: Hoodoo Gurus
Seção: Formation (1981-1983)
Background: Hoodoo Gurus (referred to as the Gurus by fans) are an Australian rock band, formed in Sydney in 1981, by the mainstay Dave Faulkner (songwriter, lead singer and guitarist) and later joined by Richard Grossman (bass), Mark Kingsmill (drums), and Brad Shepherd (guitar, vocals, harmonica). Their popularity peaked in the mid to late 1980s with albums Mars Needs Guitars!, Blow Your Cool! and Magnum Cum Louder.

Conteúdo: Three Hoodoo Gurus founders were from Perth protopunk and punk bands: Dave Faulkner (guitars) and James Baker (drums) of The Victims; while Baker had been with Roddy Radalj (aka Roddy Ray'Da) (guitars) in The Scientists. The fourth founding member, Kimble Rendall (guitars) was formerly in Sydney punk rockers XL Capris. The three guitarists Faulkner, Rendall and Radalj met at an end-of-1980 New Year's Eve party and were joined by Baker to form Le Hoodoo Gurus.  Le Hoodoo Gurus unorthodox line-up of three guitars and no bass player, fused pop melodies, punk guitars and an American trash culture ethic. This was captured on their first single, "Leilani" released in October 1982, on Phantom Records. This told the story of a maiden sacrificed to the gods and an erupting volcano while her true love looked on helplessly. They dropped the 'Le', to become Hoodoo Gurus, not long after the single's release. As the Hoodoo Gurus, they gave their first ever performance on a segment of the kids' TV program Simon Townsend's Wonder World; this was followed by a performance alongside a man and his singing dog, on The Don Lane Show.  Rendall left in 1982 before the release of "Leilani", and went on to become an award-winning music video and film director. Rendall was Second Unit Director on the latter two Matrix films, The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions, as well as I, Robot. Rendall also directed the slasher film, Cut in 2000. Rendall was effectively replaced by Clyde Bramley (bass g

user: When was the band formed?

assistant: The three guitarists Faulkner, Rendall and Radalj met at an end-of-1980 New Year's Eve party and were joined by Baker to form Le Hoodoo Gurus.

user: How did they come up with the name?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did they do in 1982?

assistant: This was captured on their first single, "Leilani" released in October 1982,

user: Did it reach bill board charts?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they go on tour?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Benjamin Tillman
Seção: Inauguration and legislative control
Background: Benjamin Ryan Tillman (August 11, 1847 - July 3, 1918) was a politician of the Democratic Party who served as Governor of South Carolina from 1890 to 1894, and a United States Senator from 1895 until his death in 1918. A white supremacist who opposed civil rights for blacks, Tillman led a paramilitary group of Red Shirts during South Carolina's violent 1876 election. On the floor of the U.S. Senate, he frequently ridiculed blacks, and boasted of having helped to kill them during that campaign. In the 1880s, Tillman, a wealthy landowner, became dissatisfied with the Democratic leadership and led a movement of white farmers calling for reform.

Conteúdo: Tillman was sworn in as governor in Columbia on December 4, 1890, before a crowd of jubilant supporters, the largest to see South Carolina's governor inaugurated since Hampton's swearing-in. In his inaugural address, Tillman celebrated his victory, "the citizens of this great commonwealth have for the first time in its history demanded and obtained for themselves the right to choose her Governor; and I, as the exponent and leader of the revolution which brought about the change, am here to take the solemn oath of office ... the triumph of democracy and white supremacy over mongrelism and anarchy, of civilization over barbarism, has been most complete."  Tillman made it clear he was not content that African Americans were allowed even a limited role in the political life of South Carolina:  The whites have absolute control of the State government, and we intend at any and all hazards to retain it. The intelligent exercise of the right of suffrage ... is as yet beyond the capacity of the vast majority of colored men. We deny, without regard to color, that "all men are created equal"; it is not true now, and was not true when Jefferson wrote it.  The legislature, at Tillman's recommendation, reapportioned itself, costing Charleston County four of its twelve seats, and other lowcountry counties one each, with the seats going to the upcountry. Although Tillman sought to reduce public expenditures, he was not successful in doing so as his reform program required spending, and the l

user: How did his political career begin?

assistant: Tillman was sworn in as governor in Columbia on December 4, 1890,

user: How many terms did he serve of Governor?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was the public reaction to his inauguration?

assistant: a crowd of jubilant supporters, the largest to see South Carolina's governor inaugurated since Hampton's swearing-in.

user: Was their any opposition to his election?

assistant: Tillman made it clear he was not content that African Americans were allowed even a limited role in the political life of South Carolina:
Título: Ty Cobb
Seção: Later life
Background: Cobb was born in 1886 in Narrows, Georgia, a small rural community of farmers that was unincorporated. He was the first of three children born to William Herschel Cobb (1863-1905) and Amanda Chitwood Cobb (1871-1936). Cobb's father was a state senator. When he was still an infant, his parents moved to nearby Royston, where he was raised.

Conteúdo: At the age of 62, Cobb married a second time in 1949. His new wife was 40-year-old Frances Fairbairn Cass, a divorcee from Buffalo, New York. Their childless marriage also failed, ending with a divorce in 1956. At this time, Cobb became generous with his wealth, donating $100,000 in his parents' name for his hometown to build a modern 24-bed hospital, Cobb Memorial Hospital, which is now part of the Ty Cobb Healthcare System. He also established the Cobb Educational Fund, which awarded scholarships to needy Georgia students bound for college, by endowing it with a $100,000 donation in 1953 (equivalent to approximately $914,677 in current year dollars ).  He knew that another way he could share his wealth was by having biographies written that would both set the record straight on him and teach young players how to play. John McCallum spent some time with Cobb to write a combination how-to and biography titled The Tiger Wore Spikes: An Informal Biography of Ty Cobb that was published in 1956. In December 1959, he was diagnosed with prostate cancer, diabetes, high blood pressure, and Bright's disease.  It was also during his final years that Cobb began work on his autobiography, My Life in Baseball: The True Record, with writer Al Stump. Later Stump would claim the collaboration was contentious, and after Cobb's death Stump published two more books and a short story giving what he claimed was the "true story". One of these later books was used as the basis for the 1994 film Cob

user: what happened in the later years?

assistant: At the age of 62, Cobb married a second time in 1949.

user: who did he marry?

assistant: His new wife was 40-year-old Frances Fairbairn Cass, a divorcee from Buffalo, New York.

user: what notable things did he do?

assistant: Cobb became generous with his wealth, donating $100,000 in his parents' name for his hometown to build a modern 24-bed hospital, Cobb Memorial Hospital,

user: did he donate anywhere else?

assistant: He also established the Cobb Educational Fund, which awarded scholarships to needy Georgia students bound for college, by endowing it with a $100,000 donation in 1953

user: was there anything else important during the later years?

assistant: It was also during his final years that Cobb began work on his autobiography, My Life in Baseball: The True Record, with writer Al Stump.
Título: Pat Summitt
Seção: Early life and family
Background: Patricia Sue Summitt (nee Head; June 14, 1952 - June 28, 2016) was an American women's college basketball head coach who accrued 1,098 career wins, the most in college basketball history upon her retirement. She served as the head coach of the University of Tennessee Lady Vols basketball team from 1974 to 2012, before retiring at age 59 because of a diagnosis of early-onset Alzheimer's disease. She won eight NCAA championships (a NCAA women's record when she retired) and the third most all time. Summitt won a silver medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal as a member of the United States women's national basketball team.

Conteúdo: Summitt was born Patricia Sue Head on June 14, 1952 in Clarksville, Tennessee, the daughter of Richard and Hazel Albright Head. In her early years, she was known as Trish.  She had four siblings: older brothers Tommy, Charles, and Kenneth, and a younger sister, Linda. She married Ross Barnes Summitt II in 1980 from whom she filed for divorce in 2007. They have one son, Ross Tyler Summitt, born in 1990.  When Summitt was in high school, her family moved to nearby Henrietta, so she could play basketball in Cheatham County because Clarksville did not have a girls team. From there, Summitt went to University of Tennessee at Martin where she was a member of Chi Omega Sorority and won All-American honors, playing for UT-Martin's first women's basketball coach, Nadine Gearin. In 1970, with the passage of Title IX still two years away, there were no athletic scholarships for women. Each of Summitt's brothers had gotten an athletic scholarship, but her parents had to pay her way to college. She later co-captained the United States women's national basketball team as a player at the inaugural women's tournament in the 1976 Summer Olympics, winning the silver medal. Eight years later in 1984, she coached the U.S. women's team to an Olympic gold medal, becoming the first U.S. Olympian to win a basketball medal and coach a medal-winning team.  Tyler Summitt, who played as a walk-on for the Tennessee men's basketball team, graduated from Tennessee in May 2012, was hired as an assistant coa

user: Where did she grow up?

assistant: Clarksville, Tennessee,

user: Did she have any brothers or sisters?

assistant: She had four siblings:

user: Where did she go to school?

assistant: Summitt went to University of Tennessee at Martin
Título: Rocket from the Crypt
Seção: Formation
Background: This page is about the San Diego punk rock band Rocket from the Crypt. For the Cleveland protopunk band, see Rocket from the Tombs. Rocket from the Crypt is an American rock band from San Diego, California, originally active from 1989 to 2005, then active during 2011 and again from 2013 to the present. The band gained critical praise and the attention of major record labels after the release of their 1992 album Circa: Now!, leading to a recording contract with Interscope Records.

Conteúdo: After the breakup of his post-hardcore band Pitchfork in 1990, singer/guitarist John Reis formed both Rocket from the Crypt and Drive Like Jehu. Envisioned as a punk-inspired rock and roll band, Rocket from the Crypt's original lineup consisted of Reis, guitarist Andy Stamets, bassist Pete Reichert, drummer Sean, and backing vocalist Elaina. The band took their name from the then defunct 1970s underground punk band Rocket from the Tombs. This lineup lasted roughly six months and recorded the band's debut album Paint as a Fragrance, released in 1991 on local label Cargo Music. At this time Reis began to use the pseudonym "Speedo" when working with the band. He was also simultaneously performing in Drive Like Jehu, who recorded their debut album around the same time. When Sean and Elaina moved away from San Diego, drummer Adam Willard joined the band under the stage name "Atom." The rest of the band also assumed stage monikers, with Stamets performing as "ND" and Reichert as "Petey X."  The band soon added a horn section, recruiting saxophone player Paul "Apollo 9" O'Beirne. They developed a reputation for their creative and energetic live shows, taking unusual measures to encourage audience participation such as handing out homemade lyric booklets and noisemakers. They released many vinyl singles around this time and began to attract a dedicated underground following. Reis recalls:  "It was really immediate; that's why we loved putting out singles early on. We recorded some so

user: What was the formation?

assistant: singer/guitarist John Reis formed both Rocket from the Crypt and Drive Like Jehu.

user: Did any one else join?

assistant: Rocket from the Crypt's original lineup consisted of Reis, guitarist Andy Stamets, bassist Pete Reichert, drummer Sean, and backing vocalist Elaina.

user: were they successful?

assistant: They released many vinyl singles around this time and began to attract a dedicated underground following.

user: Did any singles hit the charts?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Carl Franklin
Seção: Racial ties and film
Background: Carl Franklin was raised outside of San Francisco, in Richmond, California. He never had the opportunity to know his biological father, who had died before Carl was born. Franklin was raised by his mother and stepfather. While Franklin speaks highly of his stepfather and has called him "very loving," he has spoken out about his stepfather's abusive tendencies, linking his outbursts to alcohol use.

Conteúdo: Franklin supports the portrayal of African-American history in films, and has been quoted as saying "I am interested in the universal values of the black experience." However, just because Franklin is a filmmaker who is African American does not mean that all of his films are racially motivated. Not all of his films revolve around a central theme of culture: some of his films cover racial issues, while others do not. Franklin maintains a wide subject range in his films, choosing not to focus solely on his heritage.  As a prominent African-American filmmaker, Franklin stands apart from the rest in his careful selection of projects. While many of his most notable films touch on the subject of racial climates and the struggles that ensue, Franklin does not hide behind his race. Explaining to The L.A Times, "My ethnicity is a plus, a tool. It gives me ammunition in terms of the way I view the world. There are certain stories in the black community that inform us all." Combining his humanitarian instincts and personal experiences, Franklin stands out as a visionary for community improvement through his films. However, a large part of Franklin's remarkable journey revolves around the fact that he is black. Discussing the realities for African Americans in the television and film industry, Franklin said: "When I came up, the only legitimate dramatic actor was Sidney Poitier, the bankable star was Richard Pryor and the other choice roles were action parts that went to Jim Brown. Even

user: What ties did he have to races?

assistant: Franklin supports the portrayal of African-American history in films, and has been quoted as saying "I am interested in the universal values of the black experience."

user: Did he do anything with any black charities?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Franklin maintains a wide subject range in his films, choosing not to focus solely on his heritage.

user: Did his career play in the his racial ties?

assistant: projects. While many of his most notable films touch on the subject of racial climates and the struggles that ensue, Franklin does not hide behind his race.

user: How is he taken publically?

assistant: often praised for his ability to overcome adversity, and is recognized for his highly regarded opinion as well as his relevant contributions.
Título: Richard Stallman
Seção: Harvard University and MIT
Background: Stallman was born to Alice Lippman, a school teacher, and Daniel Stallman, a printing press broker, in 1953 in New York City. Stallman had a difficult relationship with his parents, as his father had a drinking habit and verbally abused his stepmother. He later came to describe his parents as "tyrants". He was interested in computers at a young age; when Stallman was a pre-teen at a summer camp, he read manuals for the IBM 7094.

Conteúdo: As a first-year student at Harvard University in fall 1970, Stallman was known for his strong performance in Math 55. He was happy: "For the first time in my life, I felt I had found a home at Harvard."  In 1971, near the end of his first year at Harvard, he became a programmer at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, and became a regular in the hacker community, where he was usually known by his initials, RMS (which was the name of his computer accounts). Stallman received a bachelor's degree in physics (magna cum laude) from Harvard in 1974.  Stallman considered staying on at Harvard, but instead he decided to enroll as a graduate student at MIT. He pursued a doctorate in physics for one year, but left that program to focus on his programming at the MIT AI Laboratory.  While working (starting in 1975) as a research assistant at MIT under Gerry Sussman, Stallman published a paper (with Sussman) in 1977 on an AI truth maintenance system, called dependency-directed backtracking. This paper was an early work on the problem of intelligent backtracking in constraint satisfaction problems. As of 2009, the technique Stallman and Sussman introduced is still the most general and powerful form of intelligent backtracking. The technique of constraint recording, wherein partial results of a search are recorded for later reuse, was also introduced in this paper.  As a hacker in MIT's AI laboratory, Stallman worked on software projects such as TECO, Emacs for ITS, and the Lisp machi

user: When did he attend harvard?

assistant: As a first-year student at Harvard University in fall 1970,

user: what did he study at harvard?

assistant: Stallman received a bachelor's degree in physics (magna cum laude) from Harvard in 1974.

user: did he do any research?

assistant: While working (starting in 1975) as a research assistant at MIT under Gerry Sussman,

user: did anything notabke happen at harvard?

assistant: Stallman considered staying on at Harvard, but instead he decided to enroll as a graduate student at MIT.

user: when did he enroll to MIT?

assistant: (starting in 1975)

user: what did he study at MIT?

assistant: programming at the MIT AI Laboratory.
Título: Wilhelm Stekel
Seção: Contributions to the theory of fetishism and of perversion
Background: Wilhelm Stekel (German: ['Ste:k@l]; 18 March 1868 - 25 June 1940) was an Austrian physician and psychologist, who became one of Sigmund Freud's earliest followers, and was once described as "Freud's most distinguished pupil". According to Ernest Jones, "Stekel may be accorded the honour, together with Freud, of having founded the first psycho-analytic society"; while he also described him as "a naturally gifted psychologist with an unusual flair for detecting repressed material." He later had a falling-out with Freud, who announced in November 1912 that "Stekel is going his own way". His works are translated and published in many languages.

Conteúdo: Stekel contrasted what he called "normal fetishes" from extreme interests: "They become pathological only when they have pushed the whole love object into the background and themselves appropriate the function of a love object, e.g., when a lover satisfies himself with the possession of a woman's shoe and considers the woman herself as secondary or even disturbing and superfluous (p. 3). Stekel also deals differently than Freud with the problem of perversion. A lot of perversions are defense mechanisms (Schutzbauten) of the moral "self"; they represent hidden forms of asceticism. To Freud, the primal sexual venting meant health, while neuroses were created because of repressing sexual drives. Stekel, on the other hand, points out the significance of the repressed religious "self" in neuroses and indicates that apart from the repressed sexuality type, there is also a repressed morality type. This type is created in the conditions of sexual licentiousness while being opposed to doing it at the same time. In the latter instance, 'Stekel holds that fetichism is the patient's unconscious religion'. "Normal" fetishes for Stekel contributed more broadly to choice of lifestyle: thus "choice of vocation was actually an attempt to solve mental conflicts through the displacement of them", so that doctors for Stekel were "voyeurs who have transferred their original sexual current into the art of diagnosis".  Complaining of Freud's tendency to indiscretion, Ernest Jones wrote that he had 

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Stekel also deals differently than Freud with the problem of perversion.

user: How was perversion handled?

assistant: A lot of perversions are defense mechanisms (Schutzbauten) of the moral "self"; they represent hidden forms of asceticism.

user: Was perversion punished?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What fetishes does he mention in his theory?

assistant: Stekel contrasted what he called "normal fetishes" from extreme interests:

user: How was the line drawn between the two?

assistant: Stekel holds that fetichism is the patient's unconscious religion'. "Normal" fetishes for Stekel contributed more broadly to choice of lifestyle:
Título: Harold Shipman
Seção: Trial and imprisonment
Background: Harold Frederick Shipman (14 January 1946 - 13 January 2004) was a British general practitioner and one of the most prolific serial killers in recorded history. On 31 January 2000, a jury found Shipman guilty of fifteen murders for killing patients under his care. He was sentenced to life imprisonment with the recommendation that he never be released. The Shipman Inquiry, a two-year-long investigation of all deaths certified by Shipman, which was chaired by Dame Janet Smith, examined Shipman's crimes.

Conteúdo: Shipman's trial began at Preston Crown Court on 5 October 1999. Shipman was charged with the murders of Marie West, Irene Turner, Lizzie Adams, Jean Lilley, Ivy Lomas, Muriel Grimshaw, Marie Quinn, Kathleen Wagstaff, Bianka Pomfret, Norah Nuttall, Pamela Hillier, Maureen Ward, Winifred Mellor, Joan Melia and Kathleen Grundy by lethal injections of diamorphine, all between 1995 and 1998. His legal representatives tried, but failed, to have the Grundy case, where a clear motive was alleged, tried separately from the others, where no motive was apparent.  On 31 January 2000, after six days of deliberation, the jury found Shipman guilty of 15 counts of murder and one count of forgery. Mr Justice Forbes subsequently sentenced Shipman to life imprisonment on all 15 counts of murder, with a recommendation that he never be released, to be served concurrently with a sentence of four years for forging Grundy's will. On 11 February 2000, ten days after his conviction, the General Medical Council formally struck Shipman off its register. Two years later, Home Secretary David Blunkett confirmed the judge's whole life tariff, just months before British government ministers lost their power to set minimum terms for prisoners.  While many additional charges could have been brought, authorities concluded that a fair hearing would be impossible in view of the enormous publicity surrounding the original trial. Furthermore, the 15 life sentences already handed down rendered further litigation un

user: Why was he tried?

assistant: Shipman was charged with the murders of

user: Who did he kill?

assistant: Marie West, Irene Turner, Lizzie Adams, Jean Lilley, Ivy Lomas, Muriel Grimshaw, Marie Quinn,

user: Who else?

assistant: Kathleen Wagstaff, Bianka Pomfret, Norah Nuttall, Pamela Hillier, Maureen Ward, Winifred Mellor, Joan Melia and Kathleen Grundy

user: How did they die?

assistant: lethal injections of diamorphine,

user: When did he kill them?

assistant: all between 1995 and 1998.

user: When was he tried?

assistant: trial began at Preston Crown Court on 5 October 1999.

user: When was he found guilty?

assistant: On 31 January 2000, after six days of deliberation, the jury found Shipman guilty

user: What was his punishment?

assistant: life imprisonment on all 15 counts of murder, with a recommendation that he never be released, to be served concurrently with a sentence of four years for forging
Título: Atomic Kitten
Seção: 2012-2013: The Big Reunion of original line-up and touring
Background: Atomic Kitten are a British pop girl group formed in Liverpool in 1998 whose current members are Natasha Hamilton and Liz McClarnon. The band was founded by Colin Pulse, who served as principal songwriter during Atomic Kitten's early years. The group's debut album Right

Conteúdo: In March 2012, Hamilton confirmed that the group were reuniting for a summer tour. She also stated that the group were in talks to star in their own reality television show regarding the comeback, following on the success of the 2011 Steps reunion and reality show. Hamilton stated that she hoped Katona, who quit the band in 2001, would join her, McClarnon and Frost on stage for a performance. The reunion was later dismissed by all members due to the tension between Katona and Frost. However, on 18 October 2012, it was announced that the 1999 line-up of Atomic Kitten (McClarnon, Katona and Hamilton) would reunite for an ITV2 series, The Big Reunion, along with five other pop groups of their time: 911, Honeyz, B*Witched, Five and Liberty X. Frost had been involved in the early meetings to reform the group, but decided to focus on her pregnancy and was not involved in the reunion.  The groups in The Big Reunion, including Atomic Kitten, were originally supposed to perform a one-off comeback concert at the Hammersmith Apollo in London. Atomic Kitten's setlist for the Hammersmith Apollo concert consisted of "Right Now", "The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)", and "Whole Again". It was confirmed on 11 February that due to high ticket demands and the popularity of the series, a UK arena tour would take place from 3 to 14 May 2013. Two more dates were later added for 16 and 17 May, taking the tour total to 14 shows.  Due to the massive success of The Big Reunion, it was announced that 

user: were they all present for the reunion

assistant: Frost had been involved in the early meetings to reform the group, but decided to focus on her pregnancy and was not involved in the reunion.

user: What songs did they perform at the reunion

assistant: Right Now", "The Tide Is High (Get the Feeling)", and "Whole Again".

user: Did they release a new album during this time

assistant: Atomic Kitten recorded their first new material in ten years when, along with the other groups from the show, they recorded a Christmas charity single

user: Did the single sell a lot of copies

assistant: Christmas charity single for Text Santa, a cover of Wizzard's "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The song peaked at number 13 in the UK.

user: What did it top in the US

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they perform with other artists

assistant: The Big Reunion, along with five other pop groups of their time: 911, Honeyz, B*Witched, Five and Liberty X.

user: were there any other albums during this time

assistant: "I Wish It Could Be Christmas Everyday". The song peaked at number 13 in the UK.
Título: Stan Brakhage
Seção: The 1960s and beginning of recognition
Background: James Stanley Brakhage ( BRAK-@j; January 14, 1933 - March 9, 2003), better known as Stan Brakhage, was an American non-narrative filmmaker. He is considered to be one of the most important figures in 20th-century experimental film. Over the course of five decades, Brakhage created a large and diverse body of work, exploring a variety of formats, approaches and techniques that included handheld camerawork, painting directly onto celluloid, fast cutting, in-camera editing, scratching on film, collage film and the use of multiple exposures. Interested in mythology and inspired by music, poetry, and visual phenomena, Brakhage sought to reveal the universal in the particular, exploring themes of birth, mortality, sexuality, and innocence.

Conteúdo: When Brakhage's early films had been exhibited in the 1950s, they had often been met with derision, but in the early 1960s Brakhage began to receive recognition in exhibitions and film publications, including Film Culture, which gave awards to several of his films, including The Dead, in 1962. The award statement, written by Jonas Mekas, a critic who would later become an influential experimental filmmaker in his own right, cited Brakhage for bringing to cinema "an intelligence and subtlety that is usually the province of the older arts." Writer/critic Guy Davenport, an ardent admirer of Brakhage, invited him to the University of Kentucky in March 1964 and tried to get him a residency there.  From 1961 to 1964, Brakhage worked on a series of 5 films known as the Dog Star Man cycle. The Brakhages moved to Lump Gulch, Colorado in 1964, though Brakhage continued to make regular visits to New York. During one of those visits, the 16mm film equipment he had been using was stolen. Brakhage couldn't afford to replace it, instead opting to buy cheaper 8mm film equipment. He soon began working in the format, producing a 30-part cycle of 8mm films known as the Songs from 1964 to 1969. The Songs include one of Brakhage's most acclaimed films, 23rd Psalm Branch, a response to the Vietnam War and its presentation in the mass media.  Brakhage began teaching film history and aesthetics at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago in 1969, commuting from his home in Colorado. CANNOTANSWER

user: What did he first receive notable recognition for?

assistant: in the early 1960s Brakhage began to receive recognition in exhibitions and film publications,

user: Who did he receive recognition from?

assistant: Film Culture, which gave awards to several of his films,

user: Which films won awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What else did he receive attention for n the early 60s?

assistant: From 1961 to 1964, Brakhage worked on a series of 5 films known as the Dog Star Man cycle.
Título: Todd McFarlane
Seção: The Amazing Spider-Man
Background: Todd McFarlane was born on March 16, 1961 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, to Bob and Sherlee McFarlane. He has two brothers, Curtis and Derek. Bob worked in the printing business, which led him to take work where he could find it, and as a result, during McFarlane's childhood, the family lived in thirty different places from Alberta to California. McFarlane began drawing as a hobby at an early age, and developed an interest in comics, acquiring as many as he could, and learning to draw from them.

Conteúdo: In 1988, McFarlane joined writer David Michelinie on Marvel's The Amazing Spider-Man, beginning with issue 298, drawing the preliminary sketch for that cover's image on the back of one of his Incredible Hulk pages. McFarlane garnered notice for the more dynamic poses in which he depicted Spider-Man's aerial web-swinging, his enlarging of the eyes on the character's mask, and greater detail in which he rendered his artwork. In particular was the elaborate detail he gave to Spider-Man's webbing. Whereas it had essentially been rendered as a series of X's between two lines, McFarlane embellished it by detailing far more individual strands, which came to be dubbed "spaghetti webbing". McFarlane was the first to draw the first, full appearance of Eddie Brock, the original incarnation of the villain Venom. He has been credited as the character's co-creator, though this has been a topic of dispute within the comic book industry. (See Eddie Brock: Creation and conception.)  McFarlane's work on Amazing Spider-Man made him an industry superstar. His cover art for Amazing Spider-Man No. 313, for which he was originally paid $700 in 1989, for example, would later sell for $71,200 in 2010. Despite this, he became increasingly dissatisfied with the lack of control over his own work, as he wanted more say in the direction of storylines. He began to miss deadlines, requiring guest artists to fill-in for him on some issues.  In 1990, after a 28-issue run of Amazing Spider-Man, McFarlane told 

user: Who was the writer of The Amazing Spider Man?

assistant: McFarlane joined writer David Michelinie on Marvel's The Amazing Spider-Man,

user: What did McFarlane do for the Amazing Spiderman?

assistant: drawing the preliminary sketch for that cover's image on the back of one of his Incredible Hulk pages.

user: In what year did this happen ?

assistant: In 1988,

user: What happened after he drew the preliminary sketch ?

assistant: McFarlane was the first to draw the first, full appearance of Eddie Brock, the original incarnation of the villain Venom.

user: What other characters did he draw?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did McFarlane enjoy drawing and did he win any notable awards for it?

assistant: McFarlane's work on Amazing Spider-Man made him an industry superstar.
Título: Cold War Kids
Seção: 2009-2011: Behave Yourself and Mine is Yours
Background: Cold War Kids is an American indie rock band from Long Beach, California. Band members are Nathan Willett (vocals, piano, guitar), Matt Maust (bass guitar), David Quon (guitar, backing vocals), Matthew Schwartz (backing vocals, keyboards and piano, percussion, guitar), and Joe Plummer (drums, percussion). Former members of the band include Dann Gallucci (guitar, keyboards, percussion), Matt Aveiro (drums, percussion), and Jonnie Russell (guitar, vocals, piano, keyboards, percussion). Forming in 2004 in Fullerton California, the Cold War Kids' early releases came from independent record label Monarchy Music.

Conteúdo: Cold War Kids spent the end of 2008 and most of 2009 on the road touring for Loyalty to Loyalty, highlighted by a national tour with Death Cab for Cutie. In between touring, the band returned to the studio to record what would become their seventh EP, Behave Yourself. In an interview with Flavorwire, Maust talked about the differences between this and Loyalty to Loyalty: "It's basically the happier, more vibrant songs that didn't really fit on the [Loyalty] album. We realized that in a way, we were starting to work ahead of ourselves, so this [EP] works as a nice bridge between records." Behave Yourself was released digitally on iTunes on December 21, 2009, and given a physical version on January 19, 2010.  Cold War Kids went back into the studio in February 2010. Willett, when speaking to Filter Magazine, said, "Album three is in the works now. We are working with a producer named Jacquire King. He has a sweet and eclectic roster of Modest Mouse, the last Norah Jones record, Tom Waits' Mule Variations, the last Kings of Leon record...So, he is going to work miracles with us. All of our music has always been written entirely by us, without any influence, so to have him step in and help us with the direction is tremendous. I was just watching the Wilco Documentary again, and I think that in many ways Wilco is to country/Americana as Cold War Kids is to soul/punk. We are taking what we do to the next level on this record. The EP is the final reminder of the good old days of qui

user: When was Behave Yourself released?

assistant: on iTunes on December 21, 2009, and