dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Nightwish
Seção: Chart-topping success of Once and Turunen's dismissal (2004-2005)
Background: Nightwish is a symphonic metal band from Kitee, Finland. The band was formed in 1996 by lead songwriter and keyboardist Tuomas Holopainen, guitarist Emppu Vuorinen, and former lead singer Tarja Turunen. The band soon picked up drummer Jukka Nevalainen, and then bassist Sami Vanska after the release of their debut album, Angels Fall First (1997). In 2001, Vanska was replaced by Marco Hietala, who also took over the male vocalist role previously filled by Holopainen or guest singers.

Conteúdo: A new album, Once, was released on June 7, 2004, along with its first single, "Nemo". The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. "Nemo" remains the band's most successful single release to date.  Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album. Unlike Century Child, Nightwish decided to look for an orchestra outside of Finland this time, choosing the London Philharmonic Orchestra. It is also their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, "Kuolema tekee taiteilijan" (English: "Death Makes an Artist"). Once has sold triple platinum in Finland, platinum in Germany, and Gold in 6 other countries, it also reached No. 1 in the Greek, Norwegian and German album charts, and charted the Top 10 in France, Hungary and Sweden. The following singles were: "Wish I Had an Angel" (featured on the soundtrack of the film Alone in the Dark), "Kuolema Tekee Taiteilijan" (released only in Finland and Japan) and "The Siren". Besides the commercial success, Once was also well received by critics, with many positive reviewers drawing comparisons with Oceanborn.  The success of the album allowed them to perform the Once World Tour, taking them to play in many countries the band had never visited before. Nightwish performed at the opening ceremony of the 2005 World Championships in Athletics, held in Helsinki, highlighting the acclaim the band had gained. A "best of" album, Highest Hopes, was released i

user: What is one major chart topping success?

assistant: The single topped the charts in Finland and Hungary, and reached the charts in six additional countries. "Nemo" remains the band's most successful single release to date.

user: What year did "Nemo" release?

assistant: June 7, 2004,

user: What was another country that "Nemo" reached the charts in?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Any interesting information?

assistant: Once utilizes a full orchestra in nine of the eleven songs on the album.

user: How many albums did they come out with in 2004-2005?

assistant: their second album to feature a full-length song in Finnish, "Kuolema tekee taiteilijan" (English: "Death Makes an Artist").
If you re totally and permanently disabled, you may qualify for a discharge of your federal student loans and/or Teacher Education Assistance for College and Higher Education (TEACH) Grant service obligation. 
A total and permanent disability TPD discharge relieves you from having to repay a William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Direct Loan Program loan, a Federal Family Education Loan FFEL Program loan, and/or a Federal Perkins Loan or to complete a TEACH Grant service obligation. To qualify for a TPD discharge , you must complete and submit a TPD discharge application, along with documentation showing that you meet our requirements for being considered totally and permanently disabled, to Nelnet, the servicer that assists the U.S. Department of Education with the TPD discharge process. Note: Throughout this page , the words " we, " " our, " and " us " refer to the U.S. Department of Education. 

How do I show that I qualify for a TPD discharge? 
You can show that you qualify for a TPD discharge by providing documentation from one of three sources : the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs VA the Social Security Administration SSA a physician There are specific requirements for each type of supporting documentation that you can submit to show your eligibility. 

VA Documentation 
If you re a veteran , you can qualify for a TPD discharge by providing documentation from the VA that shows you have received a VA disability determination because you 1 have a service - connected disability that is 100 percent disabling; or 2 are totally disabled based on an individual unemployability rating. 

SSA Documentation 
If you re eligible for Social Security Disability Insurance or Supplemental Security Income , you can qualify for a TPD discharge if you provide a copy of your SSA notice of award or Benefits Planning Query showing that your next scheduled disability review will be five to seven years or more from the date of your last SSA disability determination. We work with th

user: Do I qualify for a discharge of my federal student loan?

assistant: You can qualify if you are totally or permanently disabled.

assistant: Are you totally and permanently disabled?

user: Yes I am.

assistant: To qualify you must complete and submit a TPD discharge application, along with various documentation.

user: What if I submit VA documentation?

assistant: We will notify you that your obligation has been discharged based on VA documentation.

user: Through the document, who does the term "we", "our", and "us" refer to?

assistant: The US Department of Education.

user: What other documents will I need?

assistant: You will need documents that show that you meet our requirements for being considered totally and permanently disabled.
Título: Judy Chicago
Seção: Education and early career
Background: Judy Chicago (born Judith Sylvia Cohen, July 20, 1939) is an American feminist artist, art educator, and writer known for her large collaborative art installation pieces about birth and creation images, which examine the role of women in history and culture. By the 1970s, Chicago had founded the first feminist art program in the United States. Chicago's work incorporates a variety of artistic skills, such as needlework, counterbalanced with labor-intensive skills such as welding and pyrotechnics. Chicago's most well known work is The Dinner Party, which is permanently installed in the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art at the Brooklyn Museum.

Conteúdo: While at UCLA, she became politically active, designing posters for the UCLA NAACP chapter and eventually became its corresponding secretary. In June 1959, she met and became romantically linked with Jerry Gerowitz. She left school and moved in with him, for the first time having her own studio space. The couple hitch hiked to New York in 1959, just as Chicago's mother and brother moved to Los Angeles to be closer to her. The couple lived in Greenwich Village for a time, before returning in 1960 from Los Angeles to Chicago so she could finish her degree. Chicago married Gerowitz in 1961. She graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1962 and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Gerowitz died in a car crash in 1963, devastating Chicago and causing her to suffer from an identity crisis until later that decade. She received her Master of Fine Arts from UCLA in 1964.  While in grad school, Chicago's created a series that was abstract, yet easily recognized as male and female sexual organs. These early works were called Bigamy, and represented the death of her husband. One depicted an abstract penis, which was "stopped in flight" before it could unite with a vaginal form. Her professors, who were mainly men, were dismayed over these works. Despite the use of sexual organs in her work, Chicago refrained from using gender politics or identity as themes.  In 1965, Chicago displayed work in her first solo show, at the Rolf Nelson Gallery in Los Angeles; Chicago was one of only 

user: what is known of her education?

assistant: She graduated with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1962 and was a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society.

user: what did she begin her career with?

assistant: In 1965, Chicago displayed work in her first solo show, at the Rolf Nelson Gallery in Los Angeles; Chicago was one of only four female artists to take part
Título: Funeral for a Friend
Seção: Formation and early years (2001-03)
Background: Funeral for a Friend were a Welsh post-hardcore band from Bridgend, formed in 2001. The band consisted of lead vocalist Matthew Davies-Kreye and guitarist Kris Coombs-Roberts for its entire history, with Darran Smith (guitar), Gareth Davies (bass) and Ryan Richards (drums and screaming vocals) completing the line-up for the band's first four studio albums. Between 2008 and 2012 the band transitioned towards its final line-up, which saw Davies-Kreye and Coombs-Roberts alongside guitarist and occasional vocalist Gavin Burrough, bassist Richard Boucher and drummer Pat Lundy (who left the band in 2014). Funeral for a Friend's popularity rose in the United Kingdom with the release of their debut album, Casually Dressed & Deep in Conversation (2003).

Conteúdo: When Michael Davies, one of January Thirst's original vocalists, quit in December 2001, Matthew Evans (vocals) and Johnny Phillips (drums) invited Matt Davies (later Davies-Kreye) to try out for the vacated singer position. Soon afterward, the band reformed as Funeral for a Friend; the name is derived from a song by Planes Mistaken for Stars, one of Davies' favourite bands at the time.  During the start of the New Year they parted ways with second guitarist Kerry Roberts (Kris Coombs-Roberts's brother) and found a suitable replacement in Darran Smith (ex-Tripcage). The band recorded four tracks at Mighty Atom Studios for a proposed self-financed EP with another Welsh band From This Moment On. Upon hearing the tracks, Mighty Atom Records approached the band and offered a two-album deal, resulting in their debut EP, Between Order and Model (2002). Before the EP's release, Andi Morris (bass) quit, with Phillips and Evans also leaving. The band then recruited Gareth Davies (later Ellis-Davies) on bass and Ryan Richards on drums. Matt Davies became the band's only primary vocalist, with Gareth Davies performing backing melodies and Richards taking over Evans' screaming role.  In 2003, Funeral for a Friend recorded their second EP, Four Ways to Scream Your Name, produced and mixed by Colin Richardson. In mid-2003, the band secured their first Kerrang! award, winning the award for "Best UK Newcomer", beating The Darkness, who won in all other nominated categories. Funeral for a Frie

user: Who formed  the band

assistant: When Michael Davies, one of January Thirst's original vocalists, quit in December 2001, Matthew Evans (vocals) and Johnny Phillips (drums) invited Matt Davies

user: What did this lead too

assistant: Soon afterward, the band reformed as Funeral for a Friend; the name is derived from a song by Planes Mistaken for Stars, one of Davies

user: What was this on

assistant: During the start of the New Year they parted ways with second guitarist Kerry Roberts (Kris Coombs-Roberts's brother) and found a suitable replacement

user: What else did they find

assistant: Darran Smith (ex-Tripcage). The band recorded four tracks at Mighty Atom Studios for a proposed self-financed EP with another Welsh band
Change your GI Bill school or program 
Learn about ways you can make GI Bill changes. Find out when and how to request changes to your GI Bill school, program, or other VA education benefits so you can keep getting funding to help pay for your education or training. 

In what situations do I need to request changes to my GI Bill or other VA education benefits? 
You ll need to request changes to your benefits if any of the descriptions below are true for you. Request changes to your benefit if you : Are transferring to a different school , or Are changing your educational, professional, or vocational goal , or Left your school or training program due to poor attendance, progress, or conduct , and you re now reentering the same program, or Were receiving VA education benefits as a Veteran , and now you want to receive benefits while on active duty 

How do I request changes to my GI Bill or other VA education benefits? 


If you re a Veteran or service member 
You ll need to submit a Request for Change of Program or Place of Training VA Form 22 - 1995. You can complete this form online now. Complete VA Form 22 - 1995 online 

If you re the dependent of a Veteran or service member 
You ll need to submit a Dependent s Request for Change of Program or Place of Training VA Form 22 - 5495. You can complete this form online now. Complete VA Form 22 - 5495 online 

What information do I need to complete my request? 
You ll need your : Social Security number VA file number Bank account direct deposit information You ll also need basic information about your : Service history Education or training plans and goals Current or former school or training program and the new school or training program you plan to attend If you re the dependent of a Veteran or service member , you ll also need that person s : Social Security number or VA file number Basic service history information 

Are there other ways to submit my request? 
Yes. Follow the steps below to submit your request by 

user: What information would I need to change by GI bill?

assistant: You would need your Social Security number and your VA file number to complete your change.

assistant: Are you a dependent of a Veteran or service member?

user: Yes I am a dependent of someone that is a Veteran.

assistant: Then, you will need to include that person's Social Security or VA file number and basic service history information along with your information.

user: If I am a Veteran what do I need to do to make a change of program?

assistant: You will need to submit a Request for Change of Program or Place of Training VA Form 22-1995 and you can complete the form online at this time.
Título: Depeche Mode
Seção: Clarke departs, Wilder joins (1981-1982)
Background: Depeche Mode are an English electronic band formed in Basildon, Essex in 1980. The group consists of founders Dave Gahan (lead vocals, co-songwriting), Martin Gore (keyboards, guitar, chief songwriting), and Andy Fletcher (keyboards). Depeche Mode released their debut album Speak & Spell in 1981, bringing the band onto the British new wave scene. Original band member Vince Clarke, left the band after the release of the album, leaving the band as a trio to record A Broken Frame, released the following year.

Conteúdo: During the touring and promotion for Speak & Spell, Clarke privately began to voice his discomfort at the direction the band was taking. He later expressed his dissatisfaction, saying "there was never enough time to do anything. Not with all the interviews and photo sessions". In November 1981, Clarke publicly announced that he was leaving Depeche Mode. It was also claimed that Clarke was sick of touring, which Gahan said years later was "bullshit to be quite honest". Gahan went on to say he "suddenly lost interest in it and he started getting letters from fans asking what kind of socks he wore".  Soon afterwards, Clarke joined up with blues singer Alison Moyet to form Yazoo (or Yaz in the United States). Initial talk of Clarke's continuing to write material for Depeche Mode ultimately amounted to nothing. According to third-party sources, Clarke offered the remaining members of Depeche Mode the track "Only You", but they declined. Clarke, however, denied in an interview that such an offer ever took place saying, "I don't know where that came from. That's not true." The song went on to become a UK Top 3 hit for Yazoo. Gore, who had written "Tora! Tora! Tora!" and the instrumental "Big Muff" for Speak & Spell, became the band's main lyricist.  In late 1981, the band placed an anonymous ad in Melody Maker looking for another musician: "Name band, synthesise, must be under twenty-one." Alan Wilder, a classically trained keyboardist from West London, responded and, after two audi

user: Why did Clarke leave the band?

assistant: Clarke privately began to voice his discomfort at the direction the band was taking. He later expressed his dissatisfaction, saying "there was never enough time to do anything.

user: Did he have other negative comments?

assistant: Clarke publicly announced that he was leaving Depeche Mode. It was also claimed that Clarke was sick of touring, which Gahan said years later was "bullshit to be quite honest".

user: Who did they get to replace him?

assistant: Alan Wilder, a classically trained keyboardist from West London, responded and, after two auditions and despite being 22 years old, was hired in early 1982,

user: How did they find Wilder?

assistant: In late 1981, the band placed an anonymous ad in Melody Maker looking for another musician: "Name band, synthesise, must be under twenty-one."
Título: Harriet Tubman
Seção: Birth and family
Background: Harriet Tubman (born Araminta Ross, c. 1822 - March 10, 1913) was an American abolitionist. Born into slavery, Tubman escaped and subsequently made some thirteen missions to rescue approximately seventy enslaved people, family and friends, using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known as the Underground Railroad. She later helped abolitionist John Brown recruit men for his raid on Harpers Ferry.

Conteúdo: Tubman was born Araminta "Minty" Ross to slave parents, Harriet ("Rit") Green and Ben Ross. Rit was owned by Mary Pattison Brodess (and later her son Edward). Ben was held by Anthony Thompson, who became Mary's second husband, and who ran a large plantation near Blackwater River in Madison, Maryland. As with many slaves in the United States, neither the exact year nor place of Araminta's birth is known, and historians differ as to the best estimate. Kate Larson records the year as 1822, based on a midwife payment and several other historical documents, including her runaway advertisement, while Jean Humez says "the best current evidence suggests that Tubman was born in 1820, but it might have been a year or two later." Catherine Clinton notes that Tubman reported the year of her birth as 1825, while her death certificate lists 1815 and her gravestone lists 1820. In her Civil War widow's pension records, Tubman claimed she was born in 1820, 1822, and 1825, an indication, perhaps, that she had only a general idea of when she was born.  Modesty, Tubman's maternal grandmother, arrived in the United States on a slave ship from Africa; no information is available about her other ancestors. As a child, Tubman was told that she seemed like an Ashanti person due to her character traits, though no evidence exists to confirm this lineage. Her mother Rit (who may have had a white father) was a cook for the Brodess family. Her father Ben was a skilled woodsman who managed the timber work 

user: Where was Harriet born?

assistant: Madison, Maryland.

user: When was she born?

assistant: Maryland. As with many slaves in the United States, neither the exact year nor place of Araminta's birth is known,
Social Security Benefit Verification Letter 


Get your Social Security Benefit Verification Letter online 
Do you know how to get an income verification letter or benefit verification letter from Social Security? Just log in to my Social Security to get instant access to your benefit verification letter. 

What is a Social Security Benefit Verification Letter? 
The benefit verification letter, sometimes called a benefits letter, or a Social Security award letter, serves as proof of your retirement, disability, Supplemental Security Income SSI, or Medicare benefits. It also serves as proof that you have applied for benefits or that you have never received Social Security benefits or SSI. You may also use your letter as proof for loans, housing assistance, mortgage, and for other income verification purposes. A Social Security benefit verification letter includes : your name , date of birth , and the benefit you receive from us. 

Sign in to your mySocial Security account to get your copy 
Already have a my Social Security Account? Sign In to your account below and go to Replacement Documents on the right side of the screen , then choose get a Benefit Verification Letter to view, save and print your personalized letter. Don't have a my Social Security Account? Creating a free my Social Security account takes less than 10 minutes, lets you download or print your benefit verification letter, and gives you access to many other online services. 

Still have questions? 
If you have questions or need help understanding how to request your benefit verification letter online , call our toll - free number at 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213 or visit your Social Security office. If you are deaf or hard of hearing , call our toll - free TTY number , 1 - 800 - 325 - 0778, between7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday. 

user: Tell me about the benefit verification letter.

assistant: Do you want to get your Social Security benefit verification letter online?

user: Yes, how do I do it?

assistant: Do you know how to get an income verification letter from Social Security?
Título: Abraham Ortelius
Seção: Map publisher
Background: Abraham Ortelius (; also Ortels, Orthellius, Wortels; 14 April 1527 - 28 June 1598) was a Flemish cartographer and geographer, conventionally recognized as the creator of the first modern atlas, the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum (Theatre of the World). Ortelius is often considered one of the founders of the Netherlandish school of cartography and one of the most notable representatives of the school in its golden age (approximately 1570s-1670s). The publication of his atlas in 1570 is often considered as the official beginning of the Golden Age of Netherlandish cartography.

Conteúdo: In 1564 he published his first map, Typus Orbis Terrarum, an eight-leaved wall map of the world, on which he identified the Regio Patalis with Locach as a northward extension of the Terra Australis, reaching as far as New Guinea. This map subsequently appeared in reduced form in the Terrarum (the only extant copy is in now at Basel University Library). He also published a two-sheet map of Egypt in 1565, a plan of the Brittenburg castle on the coast of the Netherlands in 1568, an eight-sheet map of Asia in 1567, and a six-sheet map of Spain before the appearance of his atlas.  In England Ortelius' contacts included William Camden, Richard Hakluyt, Thomas Penny, puritan controversialist William Charke, and Humphrey Llwyd, who would contribute the map of England and Wales to Ortelius's 1573 edition of the Theatrum.  In 1578 he laid the basis of a critical treatment of ancient geography by his Synonymia geographica (issued by the Plantin press at Antwerp and republished in expanded form as Thesaurus geographicus in 1587 and again expanded in 1596. In this last edition, Ortelius considers the possibility of continental drift, a hypothesis proved correct only centuries later).  In 1596 he received a presentation from Antwerp city, similar to that afterwards bestowed on Rubens. His death on 28 June 1598, and his burial in the church of St. Michael's Abbey, Antwerp, were marked by public mourning. Quietis cultor sine lite, uxore, prole (meaning - "served quietly, without accusation, 

user: What is Abraham's relationship to a map publisher?

assistant: In 1564 he published his first map, Typus Orbis Terrarum, an eight-leaved wall map of the world,

user: what was the response of his map being published?

assistant: This map subsequently appeared in reduced form in the Terrarum (the only extant copy is in now at Basel University Library).

user: Were any other maps of Abraham published?

assistant: ). He also published a two-sheet map of Egypt in 1565, a plan of the Brittenburg castle on the coast of the Netherlands in 1568,

user: What other maps of Abraham were published?

assistant: an eight-sheet map of Asia in 1567, and a six-sheet map of Spain before the appearance of his atlas.
Título: Isidore of Seville
Seção: Veneration
Background: Saint Isidore of Seville (; Latin: Isidorus Hispalensis; c. 560 - 4 April 636), a scholar and, for over three decades, Archbishop of Seville, is widely regarded as the last of the Fathers of the Church, as the 19th-century historian Montalembert put it in an oft-quoted phrase, "The last scholar of the ancient world." At a time of disintegration of classical culture, and aristocratic violence and illiteracy, he was involved in the conversion of the Arian Visigothic kings to Catholicism, both assisting his brother Leander of Seville, and continuing after his brother's death. He was influential in the inner circle of Sisebut, Visigothic king of Hispania. Like Leander, he played a prominent role in the Councils of Toledo and Seville.

Conteúdo: Isidore was one of the last of the ancient Christian philosophers; he was the last of the great Latin Church Fathers and was contemporary with Maximus the Confessor. Some consider him to be the most learned man of his age, and he exercised a far-reaching and immeasurable influence on the educational life of the Middle Ages. His contemporary and friend, Braulio of Zaragoza, regarded him as a man raised up by God to save the Iberian peoples from the tidal wave of barbarism that threatened to inundate the ancient civilization of Hispania.  The Eighth Council of Toledo (653) recorded its admiration of his character in these glowing terms: "The extraordinary doctor, the latest ornament of the Catholic Church, the most learned man of the latter ages, always to be named with reverence, Isidore". This tribute was endorsed by the Fifteenth Council of Toledo, held in 688.  Isidore was interred in Seville. His tomb represented an important place of veneration for the Mozarabs during the centuries after the Arab conquest of Visigothic Hispania. In the middle of the 11th century, with the division of Al Andalus into taifas and the strengthening of the Christian holdings in the Iberian peninsula, Ferdinand I of Leon found himself in a position to extract tribute from the fractured Arab states. In addition to money, Abbad II al-Mu'tadid, the Abbasid ruler of Seville (1042-1069), agreed to turn over St. Isidore's remains to Ferdinand I.  A Catholic poet described al-Mutatid placing a brocade

user: Was Isidore Venerated?

assistant: His tomb represented an important place of veneration for the Mozarabs during the centuries after the Arab conquest of Visigothic Hispania.

user: Who were the Mozarabs?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Karen Horney
Seção: Theory of neurosis
Background: Karen Horney was born Karen Danielsen on 16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany, near Hamburg. Her father, Berndt Wackels Danielsen (1836-1910), was Norwegian but had German citizenship. He was a ship's captain in the merchant marine, and a Protestant traditionalist (his children nicknamed him "the Bible-thrower", as he did indeed throw Bibles). Her mother, Clotilde, nee van Ronzelen (1853-1911), known as "Sonni", was also Protestant, of Dutch origin.

Conteúdo: Horney looked at neurosis in a different light from other psychoanalysts of the time. Her expansive interest in the subject led her to compile a detailed theory of neurosis, with data from her patients. Horney believed neurosis to be a continuous process--with neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in one's lifetime. This was in contrast to the opinions of her contemporaries who believed neurosis was, like more severe mental conditions, a negative malfunction of the mind in response to external stimuli, such as bereavement, divorce or negative experiences during childhood and adolescence. This has been debated widely by contemporary psychologists.  Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood. Rather, she placed significant emphasis on parental indifference towards the child, believing that a child's perception of events, as opposed to the parent's intentions, is the key to understanding a person's neurosis. For instance, a child might feel a lack of warmth and affection should a parent make fun of the child's feelings. The parent may also casually neglect to fulfill promises, which in turn could have a detrimental effect on the child's mental state.  From her experiences as a psychiatrist, Horney named ten patterns of neurotic needs. These ten needs are based upon things which she thought all humans require to succeed in life. Horney modified these needs somewhat to correspond with what she believed were individuals' neuroses. 

user: what is the theory of neurosis?

assistant: Horney believed neurosis to be a continuous process--with neuroses commonly occurring sporadically in one's lifetime.

user: what is a hallmark of this theory?

assistant: Horney believed these stimuli to be less important, except for influences during childhood.

user: what was  Horney's career or position?

assistant: a psychiatrist,
Título: John Marshall
Seção: Fletcher v. Peck
Background: John Marshall (September 24, 1755 - July 6, 1835) was an American politician and the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (1801-1835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and many say he made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Previously, Marshall had been a leader of the Federalist Party in Virginia and served in the United States House of Representatives from 1799 to 1800. He was Secretary of State under President John Adams from 1800 to 1801 and, at the age of 45, became the last of the chief justices to be born in Colonial America.

Conteúdo: In 1782, Marshall won a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates, in which he served until 1789 and again from 1795 to 1796. The Virginia General Assembly elected him to serve on the Council of State later in the same year. In 1785, Marshall took up the additional office of Recorder of the Richmond City Hustings Court.  In 1788, Marshall was selected as a delegate to the Virginia convention responsible for ratifying or rejecting the United States Constitution, which had been proposed by the Philadelphia Convention a year earlier. Together with James Madison and Edmund Randolph, Marshall led the fight for ratification. He was especially active in defense of Article III, which provides for the Federal judiciary. His most prominent opponent at the ratification convention was Anti-Federalist leader Patrick Henry. Ultimately, the convention approved the Constitution by a vote of 89-79. Marshall identified with the new Federalist Party (which supported a strong national government and commercial interests), and opposed Jefferson's Republican Party (which advocated states' rights and idealized the yeoman farmer and the French Revolution).  Meanwhile, Marshall's private law practice continued to flourish. He successfully represented the heirs of Lord Fairfax in Hite v. Fairfax (1786), an important Virginia Supreme Court case involving a large tract of land in the Northern Neck of Virginia. In 1796, he appeared before the United States Supreme Court in another important case, Ware v. H

user: What did Fletcher v. Peck involve?

assistant: In Fletcher, the Georgia legislature had approved a land grant, known as the Yazoo Land Act of 1795.

user: What was Peck's position on this?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: When did Fletcher v Peck take place?

assistant: The Marshall Court
Título: The Chaser
Seção: Public reactions
Background: The Chaser is an Australian satirical comedy group. They are known for their television programmes on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation channel. The group take their name from their production of satirical newspaper, a publication known to challenge conventions of taste. The group's motto is "Striving for Mediocrity in a World of Excellence".

Conteúdo: In July 2006, Licciardello faced charges of "offensive conduct" from the New South Wales Police Force, after turning up at a rugby league football match between the Canterbury Bulldogs and the St George Illawarra Dragons on 14 July 2006 dressed up as a Bulldogs fan and attempting to sell fake knives, knuckledusters and balaclavas for a War on Everything sketch.  In April 2007, a 15-year-old boy duped YouTube into deleting all clips posted from The Chaser's War On Everything by claiming to be a representative of the ABC. They were later reinstated.  At the 2007 Logie Awards some of the Chaser team were "manhandled" by Crown Casino security staff on the red carpet before being closely supervised for the rest of the evening.  During Dick Cheney's visit to Australia in 2007, members of The Chaser team were included on the official list of terrorists, anarchists, and protesters deemed to pose a threat to the US Vice-President.  The Chaser team gained notoriety and considerable media attention over "The Eulogy Song", written by Chris Taylor and performed by Andrew Hansen on 17 October 2007 episode of The Chaser's War On Everything. The song satirised the media's posthumous praise of deceased celebrities, regardless of their behaviour in life, and mentioned among others John Lennon, Peter Brock, Stan Zemanek, Princess Diana, Steve Irwin, Donald Bradman, and Kerry Packer. The song attracted comment from both the media and politicians including Kevin Rudd and John Howard, the latter o

user: Is the Chaser popular?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what kind of reactions are there to The Chaser?

assistant: The Chaser team gained notoriety and considerable media attention over "The Eulogy Song",

user: what is the Eulogy Song?

assistant: The song satirised the media's posthumous praise of deceased celebrities, regardless of their behaviour in life, and mentioned

user: which celebrities did the song reference?

assistant: among others John Lennon, Peter Brock, Stan Zemanek, Princess Diana, Steve Irwin, Donald Bradman, and Kerry Packer.

user: have they done anything else controversial?

assistant: members of The Chaser team were included on the official list of terrorists, anarchists, and protesters deemed to pose a threat to the US Vice-President.
Título: The Funk Brothers
Seção: Fame and Funk Brothers name
Background: The Funk Brothers were a group of Detroit-based session musicians who performed the backing to most Motown recordings from 1959 until the company moved to Los Angeles in 1972. They are considered one of the most successful groups of studio musicians in music history. The Funk Brothers played on Motown hits such as "My Girl", "I Heard It Through the Grapevine",

Conteúdo: Unlike their Stax Records backing-band contemporaries Booker T. and the M.G.'s in Memphis, until the release of the Standing in the Shadows of Motown documentary, the members of the Funk Brothers were not widely known. Studio musicians were not credited by Motown until Marvin Gaye's What's Going On in 1971, although Motown released a handful of singles and LPs by Earl Van Dyke. The Funk Brothers shared billing with Van Dyke on some recordings, although they were billed as "Earl Van Dyke & the Soul Brothers", since Motown CEO Berry Gordy, Jr. disliked the word "funk".  Alternatively, the name "Funk Brothers" could have been given to the band ex post facto; the term "funky" as an adjective came to be associated with uptempo and backbeat, Southern-styled soul music in the second half of the 1960s; the term "funk" as a noun is typically associated with uptempo soul music from the 1970s onwards. In the Standing in the Shadows of Motown documentary, Joe Hunter states that the name "The Funk Brothers" came from Benny Benjamin. Hunter states that Benjamin was leaving the studio (known as the "Snake Pit", due to all the cable runs out of the ceiling) after session work, paused on the stairs, turned and said to his fellow musicians, "You all are the Funk Brothers." The band was then informally named.  The Funk Brothers often moonlighted for other labels, recording in Detroit and elsewhere, in bids to augment their Motown salaries. It became a worst-kept secret that Jackie Wilson's 1967

user: How did they get their name?

assistant: Alternatively, the name "Funk Brothers" could have been given to the band ex post facto; the term "funky" as an adjective came to be associated with uptempo and backbeat,

user: Was there a specific reason they used the word Funk?

assistant: the term "funk" as a noun is typically associated with uptempo soul music from the 1970s onwards.
Título: Steve Williams (wrestler)
Seção: Later years (1998-2004)
Background: Williams attended Lakewood High School in Colorado, graduating in 1978. He was on the track & field team, played football, and wrestled all four years. Williams graduated from the University of Oklahoma in 1981 after a football career that saw him named an All-American. He also competed as an amateur wrestler, where he was a four time

Conteúdo: In 1998, Williams was signed by the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) prior to the "Brawl for All" competition which was set up in legitimate fights. He entered the competition and was expected to win it due to his reputation as one of the toughest men in the wrestling business. However, after beating Pierre Carl Ouellet in the first round, he faced Bart Gunn in the semifinals and suffered a torn hamstring. Gunn then knocked out Williams, who missed several months following the injury. Following the event, Williams was involved in a brief angle where he was managed by Jim Ross in early 1999 before Williams was released. During his time with Ross, he would attack people with suplexes. Jim Cornette later said that because of how his WWF career had gone he had legitimate bad feelings toward his longtime friend Ross, whom he blamed for the entire thing; Williams was being groomed by Vince McMahon as a possible contender for the WWF Championship that was in the possession of Stone Cold Steve Austin during the Brawl for All tournament.  In 1999, Williams appeared briefly in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) again, with Oklahoma as his manager in a feud with Vampiro, as a result of this feud, he wrestled against Jerry Only from the Misfits on the November 29, 1999, edition of WCW Monday Nitro in a steel cage match. He went back to All Japan Pro Wrestling in 2002 and wrestled a couple of matches for WWE in 2003 against Lance Storm. In late 2003, he was involved with the independent p

user: what happened in 1998?

assistant: In 1998, Williams was signed by the World Wrestling Federation

user: what did he do in his later years?

assistant: In 1999, Williams appeared briefly in World Championship Wrestling (WCW) again,

user: did he win?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what else did he do in his later years?

assistant: he wrestled against Jerry Only from the Misfits

user: who won the fight?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Terry Gilliam
Seção: Look and style
Background: Gilliam was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the son of Beatrice (nee Vance) and James Hall Gilliam. His father was a travelling salesman for Folgers before becoming a carpenter. Soon after, they moved to nearby Medicine Lake, Minnesota. The family moved to the Los Angeles neighbourhood of Panorama City in 1952.

Conteúdo: Gilliam's films have a distinctive look, not only in mise-en-scene but even more so in photography, often recognisable from just a short clip; to create a surreal atmosphere of psychological unrest and a world out of balance, he frequently uses unusual camera angles, particularly low-angle shots, high-angle shots, and Dutch angles. Roger Ebert said that "his world is always hallucinatory in its richness of detail." Most of his movies are shot almost entirely with rectilinear ultra-wide-angle lenses with focal lengths of 28mm or less to achieve a distinctive style defined by extreme perspective distortion and extremely deep focus. Gilliam's long-time director of photography Nicola Pecorini has said, "with Terry and me, a long lens means something between a 40mm and a 65mm." This attitude markedly differs from the common definition in photography, by which 40 to 65 mm is the focal length of a normal lens, resembling the natural human field of view, unlike Gilliam's signature style, defined by extreme perspective distortion due to his usual choice of focal length. The 14-mm lens has become informally known as "The Gilliam" among filmmakers because of his frequent use of it at least since Brazil. Gilliam has explained his preference for using wide-angle lenses in his films:  The wide-angle lenses, I think I choose them because it makes me feel like I'm in the space of the film, I'm surrounded. My prevalent vision is full of detail, and that's what I like about it. It's actually h

user: what was the look and style of Gilliam?

assistant: Gilliam's films have a distinctive look, not only in mise-en-scene but even more so in photography,

user: What's special about his film's looks ?

assistant: he frequently uses unusual camera angles, particularly low-angle shots, high-angle shots, and Dutch angles.

user: How else does his films and photography stand apart ?

assistant: Most of his movies are shot almost entirely with rectilinear ultra-wide-angle lenses with focal lengths of 28mm or less to achieve a distinctive style defined

user: What defines his style ?

assistant: defined by extreme perspective distortion and extremely deep focus.
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Título: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Seção: General elections
Background: Recep Tayyip Erdogan (Turkish pronunciation: [re'dZep taj'jip 'aerdo(W)an] ( listen); born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the current President of Turkey, holding the position since 2014. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011 before standing down upon his election as President in 2014.

Conteúdo: In 2001, Erdogan established the Justice and Development Party (AKP). The elections of 2002 were the first elections in which Erdogan participated as a party leader. All parties previously elected to parliament failed to win enough votes to re-enter the parliament. The AKP won 34.3% of the national vote and formed the new government. Turkish stocks rose more than 7% on Monday morning. Politicians of the previous generation, such as Ecevit, Bahceli, Yilmaz and Ciller, resigned. The second largest party, the CHP, received 19.4% of the votes. The AKP won a landslide victory in the parliament, taking nearly two-thirds of the seats. Erdogan could not become Prime Minister as he was still banned from politics by the judiciary for his speech in Siirt. Gul became the Prime Minister instead. In December 2002, the Supreme Election Board canceled the general election results from Siirt due to voting irregularities and scheduled a new election for 9 February 2003. By this time, party leader Erdogan was able to run for parliament due to a legal change made possible by the opposition Republican People's Party. The AKP duly listed Erdogan as a candidate for the rescheduled election, which he won, becoming Prime Minister after Gul handed over the post.  On 14 April 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in Ankara to protest against the possible candidacy of Erdogan in the 2007 presidential election, afraid that if elected as President, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish stat

user: How did the general elections go?

assistant: The AKP won a landslide victory in the parliament, taking nearly two-thirds of the seats.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How many people were apart of the general elections?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: When did the general elections take place?

assistant: In the June 2011 elections,