dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Duke Ellington
Seção: Early career
Background: Ellington was born on April 29, 1899, to James Edward Ellington and Daisy (Kennedy) Ellington in Washington, D.C. Both his parents were pianists. Daisy primarily played parlor songs and James preferred operatic arias.

Conteúdo: When his drummer Sonny Greer was invited to join the Wilber Sweatman Orchestra in New York City, Ellington made the fateful decision to leave behind his successful career in Washington, D.C., and move to Harlem, ultimately becoming part of the Harlem Renaissance. New dance crazes such as the Charleston emerged in Harlem, as well as African-American musical theater, including Eubie Blake's Shuffle Along. After the young musicians left the Sweatman Orchestra to strike out on their own, they found an emerging jazz scene that was highly competitive and hard to crack. They hustled pool by day and played whatever gigs they could find. The young band met stride pianist Willie "The Lion" Smith, who introduced them to the scene and gave them some money. They played at rent-house parties for income. After a few months, the young musicians returned to Washington, D.C., feeling discouraged.  In June 1923, a gig in Atlantic City, New Jersey, led to a play date at the prestigious Exclusive Club in Harlem. This was followed in September 1923 by a move to the Hollywood Club - 49th and Broadway - and a four-year engagement, which gave Ellington a solid artistic base. He was known to play the bugle at the end of each performance. The group was initially called Elmer Snowden and his Black Sox Orchestra and had seven members, including trumpeter James "Bubber" Miley. They renamed themselves The Washingtonians. Snowden left the group in early 1924 and Ellington took over as bandleader. After a fi

user: Where did he get his first start?

assistant: When his drummer Sonny Greer was invited to join the Wilber Sweatman Orchestra in New York City, Ellington made the fateful decision to leave behind his successful career in Washington,

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: In June 1923, a gig in Atlantic City, New Jersey, led to a play date at the prestigious Exclusive Club in Harlem.

user: Did he have any other play dates?

assistant: ". In 1925, Ellington contributed four songs to Chocolate Kiddies starring Lottie Gee and Adelaide Hall, an all-African-American revue

user: Did he do any live performances?

assistant: In June 1923, a gig in Atlantic City, New Jersey, led to a play date at the prestigious Exclusive Club in Harlem.
Provide proof of insurance [1] 
If your driver license or your vehicle registration is suspended because of a lapse in automobile liability insurance coverage , you can provide proof that you now have insurance online or by mail. After you provide your proof of insurance , the DMV will verify your coverage with your insurance company. You can check your insurance status [2] online. You can also check the status of your driver license and vehicle registrations through MyDMV [3]. If you need written confirmation that the DMV cleared a suspension or revocation , you must order your driving record or vehicle abstract. 

Online 
To provide proof online , your name and address on DMV records must be correct. You will need your inquiry or suspension order see a sample [4] from the DMV , which will have the vehicle plate number 10 digit document number NY State Insurance Identification Card see a sample insurance card [5], which will have the effective date of your liability insurance coverage policy number of your liability insurance coverage 3-digit code of your insurance company It can take 48 hours for your records to be updated. Provide proof of insurance online [6 ] 

By mail 
Mail the bottom part tear strip of your insurance letter and your NY State Insurance Identification Card legible photo copies are acceptable to NYS Department of Motor Vehicles Financial Security Bureau PO BOX 2725 Albany NY 12220 - 0725 The name and vehicle information on your insurance identification card must be the same as on your vehicle registration. 

You can't provide proof by phone or at a DMV office. 
If your insurance company does not verify or denies the information you submitted , your driver license and/or vehicle registration will be, or will remain, suspended or revoked. To create a MyDMV account you will need your NY State Driver License, Learner Permit, or Non - Driver ID card and the last 4 digits of your social security number. You can order and immediately download your dr

user: can you give me details of proof of insurance

assistant: your driver license or your vehicle registration is suspended because of a lapse in automobile liability insurance coverage?

user: not

user: How to get a copy of your vehicle registration summary?

assistant: use the Request For Driving and/or Vehicle Record Information PDF MV-15

user: If my insurance company does not verify or deny the information I submit

assistant:  your driver license and/or vehicle registration will be , or will remain , suspended or revoked 

user: how to create a MyDMV account?

assistant: You can order and immediately download your driving record abstract through MyDMV

user: you need written confirmation that the DMV cleared a suspension or revocation?

assistant: you must order your driving record or vehicle abstract
Título: Stevie Nicks
Seção: 1948-1971: Early life and career beginnings
Background: Stephanie Lynn Nicks (born May 26, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter who is often referred to as the Queen of Rock and Roll. Nicks is best known for her work with Fleetwood Mac, and for her chart-topping solo career. She is known for her distinctive voice, mystical stage persona and poetic, symbolic lyrics. Collectively, her work both as a member of Fleetwood Mac and as a solo artist has produced over 40

Conteúdo: Stephanie "Stevie" Nicks was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona, to Jess Nicks (July 2, 1925 - August 10, 2005), former president of Greyhound's Armour-Dial, and Barbara Nicks (November 12, 1927 - December 29, 2011), a homemaker. Nicks's grandfather, Aaron Jess "A.J." Nicks, Sr. (May 18, 1892 - August 1, 1974), a struggling country music singer, taught Nicks to sing duets with him by the time she was four years old. Nicks's mother was so protective that she kept her at home "more than most people" and during that time fostered in her daughter a love of fairy tales. The infant Stephanie could pronounce her own name only as "tee-dee," which led to her nickname of "Stevie". Her father's frequent relocation as a food business executive had the family living in Phoenix, Albuquerque, El Paso, Salt Lake City, Los Angeles, and San Francisco during Nicks's youth. With the Goya guitar that she received for her 16th birthday, Nicks wrote her first song, "I've Loved and I've Lost, and I'm Sad But Not Blue". She spent her adolescence playing records constantly, and lived in her "own little musical world." While attending Arcadia High School in Arcadia, California, she joined her first band, the Changing Times, a folk rock group focused on vocal harmonies.  Nicks first met her future musical and romantic partner, Lindsey Buckingham, during her senior year at Menlo-Atherton High School. When she saw Buckingham playing "California Dreamin'" at Young Life club, she joined him

user: When was Stevie Nicks born?

assistant: Stephanie "Stevie" Nicks was born at Good Samaritan Hospital in Phoenix, Arizona,

user: How long did she live in Arizona?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was the next major life event after she was born?

assistant: With the Goya guitar that she received for her 16th birthday, Nicks wrote her first song, "I've Loved and I've Lost, and I'm Sad But Not Blue".

user: What was the first band that she joined?

assistant: she joined her first band, the Changing Times, a folk rock group focused on vocal harmonies.

user: How long was she in Changing Times?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was her next band?

assistant: and

user: What type of band was she in after Changing Times?

assistant: Buckingham was in a psychedelic rock band named Fritz,
Título: Mike Piazza
Seção: Childhood
Background: Michael Joseph Piazza (; born September 4, 1968) is an American former professional baseball catcher who played 16 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1992 to 2007. He played most notably for the New York Mets and Los Angeles Dodgers, while also having brief stints with the Florida Marlins, San Diego Padres, and Oakland Athletics. A 12-time All-Star and 10-time Silver Slugger Award winner at catcher, Piazza produced strong offensive numbers at his position; in his career, he recorded 427 home runs--a record 396 of which were hit as catcher--along with a .308 batting average and 1,335 runs batted in (RBIs). Piazza was drafted by the Dodgers in the 1988 MLB draft as a favor from Tommy Lasorda to Piazza's father.

Conteúdo: Piazza was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania, grew up in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, and attended Phoenixville Area High School. He is of Italian and Jewish (Slovak) ancestry, and is the second-oldest son of Vince and Veronica, with brothers Vince Jr., Danny, Tony, and Tommy. Mike grew up a Philadelphia Phillies fan, and admiring Hall of Fame Third baseman Mike Schmidt.  Vince Piazza earned a fortune of more than $100 million in used cars and real estate, and attempted several times to purchase a MLB franchise. When the Dodgers--managed by Vince Piazza's childhood friend Tommy Lasorda, the godfather of Mike Piazza's youngest brother, Tommy--visited Philadelphia, Piazza visited the Dodger clubhouse and served as a bat boy in the dugout.  Vince Piazza's own hopes of playing baseball had ended at the age of 16 when he left school to support his family. He saw that Mike Piazza had potential in the sport, and began encouraging his son to build his arm strength at the age of five. When he was 12, Piazza received personal instruction in his backyard batting cage from Ted Williams. The Hall of Famer praised his talent, advised him not to let anyone change his swing, and autographed Piazza's copy of Williams' The Science of Hitting. Vince Piazza threw hundreds of pitches nightly to his son, who shared his father's focus on baseball, clearing snow if necessary to practice his hitting and, after reaching the major leagues, practicing on Christmas Eve. He attended Phoenixville Area High S

user: where was mike born?

assistant: Norristown, Pennsylvania,

user: what were the names of his parents?

assistant: Vince and Veronica,

user: how many siblings did he have?

assistant: is the second-oldest son

user: what school did he attend?

assistant: Phoenixville Area High School.

user: when did he start playing baseball?

assistant: began encouraging his son to build his arm strength at the age of five.

user: who trained him as he was growing up?

assistant: Piazza received personal instruction in his backyard batting cage from Ted Williams.

user: what opinion did Ted Williams have of him?

assistant: The Hall of Famer praised his talent,

user: how did his dad encourage him?

assistant: Vince Piazza threw hundreds of pitches nightly to his son, who shared his father's focus on baseball,
Título: The Jack Benny Program
Seção: Syndication and DVDs
Background: Jack Benny - played himself. Protagonist of the show, Benny is a comic, vain, penny-pinching miser, insisting on remaining 39 years old on stage despite his actual age, and often playing the violin badly. Eddie Anderson - Rochester Van Jones, Jack's valet and chauffeur. Early in the show's run, he often talked of gambling or going out with women.

Conteúdo: The radio series was one of the most extensively preserved programs of its era, with the archive almost complete from 1936 onward and several episodes existing from before that (including the 1932 premiere). As with the radio shows, most of the television series has lapsed into the public domain, although several episodes (particularly those made from 1961 onward, including the entire NBC-TV run) remain under copyright. During his lone NBC season, CBS aired repeats on weekdays and Sunday afternoons. 104 episodes personally selected by Benny and Irving Fein, Benny's associate since 1947, were placed into syndication in 1965 by Universal/MCA television. Telecasts of the shows in the late evening were running as late as 1966.  Four early 1960s episodes were rerun on CBS during the summer of 1977. Edited 16mm prints ran on the CBN Cable Network in the mid 1980s. Restored versions first appeared on the short lived HA! network in 1990. As of 2011, the series has run on Antenna TV, part of a long term official syndication distribution deal. The public domain television episodes have appeared on numerous stations, including PBS, while the radio series episodes have appeared in radio drama anthology series such as When Radio Was.  Public domain episodes have been available on budget VHS/Beta tapes (and later DVDs) since the late seventies. MCA home video issued a 1960 version of the classic "Christmas Shopping" show in 1982 and a VHS set of ten filmed episodes in 1990. In 2008, 25 pub

user: when did Jack Benny doe his first radio show?

assistant: (including the 1932 premiere).
Título: James Fenimore Cooper
Seção: First endeavors
Background: James Fenimore Cooper (September 15, 1789 - September 14, 1851) was a prolific and popular American writer of the first half of the 19th century. His historical romances draw a picture of frontier and American Indian life in the early American days which created a unique form of American literature. He lived most of his life in Cooperstown, New York, which was founded by his father William on property that he owned. Cooper was a lifelong member of the Episcopal Church and contributed generously to it.

Conteúdo: In 1820, Cooper's wife Susan wagered that he could write a book better than the one that she was reading. In response to the wager, Cooper wrote the novel Precaution (1820). Its focus on morals and manners was influenced by Jane Austen's approach to fiction. He anonymously published Precaution and it received favorable notice from the United States and England. By contrast, his second novel The Spy (1821) was inspired by a tale related to him by neighbor and family friend John Jay. It was more successful and became a bestseller; the setting of this Revolutionary War tale is widely believed to have been John Jay's family home "The Locusts" in Rye, New York. In 1823, Cooper published The Pioneers, the first of the Leatherstocking series. The series features Natty Bumppo, a resourceful American woodsman at home with the Delaware Indians and their chief Chingachgook. Bumppo was also the main character of Cooper's most famous novel The Last of the Mohicans (1826), written in New York City where Cooper and his family lived from 1822 to 1826. The book became one of the most widely read American novels of the 19th century.  In 1823, Cooper was living in New York on Beach Street in what is now downtown's Tribeca. While there, he became a member of the Philadelphia Philosophical Society. In August of that year, his first son died.  In 1824, General Lafayette arrived from France aboard the Cadmus at Castle Garden in New York City as the nation's guest. Cooper witnessed his arrival and w

user: What were some of his first endeavors?

assistant: reading. In response to the wager, Cooper wrote the novel Precaution (1820).
Título: Adam Clayton
Seção: Style
Background: Adam Charles Clayton, the oldest child of Brian and Jo Clayton, was born on 13 March 1960 in Chinnor, Oxfordshire, England. His father was a pilot with the Royal Air Force, who moved into civil aviation, and his mother was a former airline stewardess. When he was 4 years old, Clayton's father worked in Kenya as a pilot with East African Airways, the family being resident in Nairobi (Clayton regards this as the happiest period of his childhood). In 1965, the family moved to Malahide, County Dublin in the Republic of Ireland, where Clayton's brother Sebastian was born.

Conteúdo: As a bass player, Clayton's most recognizable basslines include "New Year's Day", which evolved out of an attempt to play Visage's song "Fade to Grey", and "With or Without You". His style includes Motown and reggae influences, and cites artists such as Paul Simonon of The Clash as influences on his musical style.  When Clayton first joined the fledgling U2, he did not have formal training in the bass. In the band's early years, he generally played simple parts in 4/4 time, usually strings of steady 8th notes. Bono said of Clayton's early bass playing, "Adam used to pretend he could play bass. He came round and started using words like 'action' and 'fret' and he had us baffled. He had the only amplifier, so we never argued with him. We thought this guy must be a musician; he knows what he's talking about. And then one day, we discovered he wasn't playing the right notes. That's what's wrong, y'know?" His style has remained subtle and primarily supportive, but gradually become more sophisticated by integrating elements of Motown R&B and reggae and by offering more variety in his basslines.  Clayton has sung on some occasions, including on the song "Endless Deep", the B-side to the single "Two Hearts Beat As One" from 1983. Clayton also sang backup vocals on "I Will Follow" during live performances in 1983 and 1984. He also spoke the last verse of "Your Blue Room". Clayton can be heard speaking on "Tomorrow ('96 Version)" (a rerecording of "Tomorrow" that he arranged) a song fr

user: What was notable about his style?

assistant: ". His style includes Motown and reggae influences, and cites artists such as Paul Simonon of The Clash as influences on his musical style.

user: Does he have any other influences?

assistant: As a bass player, Clayton's most recognizable basslines include "New Year's Day", which evolved out of an attempt to play Visage's song "Fade to Grey",
Título: Zhang Heng
Seção: Science and technology
Background: Zhang Heng (Chinese: Zhang Heng ; AD 78-139), formerly romanized as Chang Heng, was a Han Chinese polymath from Nanyang who lived during the Han dynasty. Educated in the capital cities of Luoyang and Chang'an, he achieved success as an astronomer, mathematician, scientist, engineer, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar. Zhang Heng began his career as a minor civil servant in Nanyang. Eventually, he became Chief Astronomer, Prefect of the Majors for Official Carriages, and then Palace Attendant at the imperial court.

Conteúdo: Zhang Heng's mechanical inventions influenced later Chinese inventors such as Yi Xing, Zhang Sixun, Su Song, and Guo Shoujing. Su Song directly named Zhang's water-powered armillary sphere as the inspiration for his 11th-century clock tower. The cosmic model of nine points of Heaven corresponding with nine regions of earth conceived in the work of the scholar-official Chen Hongmou (1696-1771) followed in the tradition of Zhang's book Spiritual Constitution of the Universe. The seismologist John Milne, who created the modern seismograph in 1876 alongside Thomas Gray and James A. Ewing at the Imperial College of Engineering in Tokyo, commented in 1886 on Zhang Heng's contributions to seismology. The historian Joseph Needham emphasized his contributions to pre-modern Chinese technology, stating that Zhang was noted even in his day for being able to "make three wheels rotate as if they were one." More than one scholar has described Zhang as a polymath. However, some scholars also point out that Zhang's writing lacks concrete scientific theories. Comparing Zhang with his contemporary, Ptolemy (83-161) of Roman Egypt, Jin Guantao, Fan Hongye, and Liu Qingfeng state:  Based on the theories of his predecessors, Zhang Heng systematically developed the celestial sphere theory. An armillary constructed on the basis of his hypotheses bears a remarkable similarity to Ptolemy's earth-centered theory. However, Zhang Heng did not definitely propose a theoretical model like Ptolemy's earth-ce

user: what did he have to do with science and technology?

assistant: Zhang Heng's mechanical inventions influenced later Chinese inventors

user: what did it influence them to do?

assistant: Zhang's water-powered armillary sphere as the inspiration for his 11th-century clock tower.

user: what was his biggest accomplishment?

assistant: Based on the theories of his predecessors, Zhang Heng systematically developed the celestial sphere theory.
Título: Bobby Fischer
Seção: Paul Nemenyi as Fischer's father
Background: Robert James Fischer (March 9, 1943 - January 17, 2008) was an American chess grandmaster and the eleventh World Chess Champion. Many consider him to be the greatest chess player of all time. Bobby Fischer showed great skill in chess from an early age; at 13, he won a brilliancy known as "The Game of the Century". At age 14, he became the US Chess Champion, and at 15, he became both the youngest grandmaster up to that time and the youngest candidate for the World Championship.

Conteúdo: Sources implying that Paul Nemenyi, a Hungarian-Jewish mathematician and physicist and an expert in fluid and applied mechanics, was Fischer's biological father were first made public in a 2002 investigation by Peter Nicholas and Clea Benson of The Philadelphia Inquirer. Throughout the 1950s, the FBI investigated Regina and her circle for her alleged communist sympathies, as well as her previous life in Moscow.  FBI files identify Paul Nemenyi as Bobby Fischer's biological father, showing that Hans-Gerhardt Fischer never entered the United States, having been refused admission by US immigration officials due to his alleged Communist sympathies. Not only were Regina and Nemenyi reported to have had an affair in 1942, but Nemenyi made monthly child support payments to Regina and paid for Bobby's schooling until his own death in 1952. Nemenyi had lodged complaints with social workers, saying he was concerned about the way that Regina was raising Bobby, to the point that, on at least one occasion, Nemenyi broke down in tears. Later on Bobby told the Hungarian chess player Zita Rajcsanyi that Paul Nemenyi would sometimes show up at the family's Brooklyn apartment and take him on outings.  After Paul Nemenyi died in 1952, Regina Fischer wrote a letter to Nemenyi's first son, Peter, asking if Paul had left money for Bobby in his will:  Bobby was sick 2 days with fever and sore throat and of course a doctor or medicine was out of the question. I don't think Paul would have wanted to 

user: What did Paul Nemenyi do for a living?

assistant: a Hungarian-Jewish mathematician and physicist and an expert in fluid and applied mechanics,

user: What country did he live in?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What kind of relationship did Paul and Bobby have?

assistant: Later on Bobby told the Hungarian chess player Zita Rajcsanyi that Paul Nemenyi would sometimes show up at the family's Brooklyn apartment and take him on outings.
Título: Kirby Puckett
Seção: 1991-1995 (Second World Series title)
Background: Puckett was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Robert Taylor Homes, a housing project on Chicago's South Side (the escape from which he frequently referred back to during his career). He attended and played baseball for Calumet High School (Chicago). After receiving no scholarship offers following graduation, Puckett at first went to work on an assembly line for Ford Motor Company. However, he was given a chance to attend Bradley University and after one year transferred to Triton College.

Conteúdo: In 1991, the Twins got back on the winning track and Puckett led the way by batting .319, eighth in the league and Minnesota surged past Oakland midseason to capture the division title. The Twins then beat the Toronto Blue Jays in five games in the American League Championship Series as Puckett batted .429 with two home runs and five RBI to win the ALCS MVP.  The subsequent 1991 World Series was ranked by ESPN to be the best ever played, with four games decided on the final pitch and three games going into extra innings. The Twins and their opponent, the Atlanta Braves, had each finished last in their respective divisions in the year before winning their league pennant, something that had never happened before.  Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games. Puckett gave the Twins an early lead by driving in Chuck Knoblauch with a triple in the first inning. Puckett then made a leaping catch in front of the Plexiglass wall in left field to rob Ron Gant of an extra-base hit in the third. The game went into extra innings, and in the first at-bat of the bottom of the 11th, Puckett hit a dramatic game-winning home run on a 2-1 count off of Charlie Leibrandt to send the Series to Game 7. This dramatic game has been widely remembered as the high point in Puckett's career. The images of Puckett rounding the bases, arms raised in triumph (often punctuated by CBS television broadcaster Jack Buck saying "And we'll see you tom

user: Who did Kirby Puckett play for?

assistant: the Twins

user: What position did he play?

assistant: Puckett was switched to right field

user: Did he have any awards?

assistant: in the year before winning their league pennant,

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Going into Game 6, the Twins trailed three games to two with each team winning their respective home games.
Replace license or permit[1] 
You can replace your license or permit including commercial and enhanced if it was lost, stolen or destroyed, or after you update your address. You can't replace your document if it is expired. If you are turning 21 soon , order within 40 days of your birthday. 

If you plan on traveling 
We recommend you come to the DMV now to get an Enhanced or REAL ID, and avoid a second office visit later. 2 Learn about Enhanced, REAL ID and Standard documents [2]. 

Replace at an office and get an Enhanced or REAL ID 
You don't have to get an Enhanced or REAL ID. 3 However , if you have a Standard , you will not be allowed to board a domestic flight starting in October 2020 unless you have a Passport. Complete this guide to make sure you have the proofs of identification you need before you come to DMV. Find your proofs [3 ] 

Replace online 
WARNING: If you replace your Standard online , your new document will show :' NOT FOR FEDERAL PURPOSES'. Don't delay! Get your Enhanced or REAL ID today. If you already have an Enhanced or REAL ID, or you want to keep your Standard , you can replace online. Your document type will stay the same. Replace online [4 ] 

Replace by mail 
WARNING: If you replace your Standard by mail , your new document will show :' NOT FOR FEDERAL PURPOSES'. Don't delay! Get your Enhanced or REAL ID today. If you already have an Enhanced or REAL ID, or you want to keep your Standard , you can replace by mail. Your document type will stay the same. 

Send 
a completed Application for Permit , Driver License or Non - Driver ID Card PDF [5] MV-44 if you do not know your DMV ID number, enter your date of birth and name as it appeared on your old document photocopies of acceptable proof of identity [6 ] payment of $17.50 check or money order payable to " Commissioner of Motor Vehicles " 

To 
NYS Department of Motor Vehicles207 Genesee Street, Suite 6Utica, NY 13501 - 2874 

Fee 
The fee is $17.50. If you apply by mail or at a DMV of

user: How can i replace my license or permit?

assistant: Before you decide to have a replacement of your license or permit, you first need to satisfy the conditions for replacement. Did you just update your address? or did your license or permit were stolen, destroyed or lost?

user: No. I am turning 21 soon.

assistant: If you are turning 21 soon, you can order within 40 days of your birthday date.

user: However, i am currently abroad. Can i mail my application?

assistant: Yes. You can mail it with a completed Application for Permit, driver license and payment of $ 17.50. Remember to send also pre - addressed priority mail return envelope to help ensure we send your license to the correct address.

user: So does that means, i will get my document through mail?

assistant: Yes. We will mail it to the current mailing address that we have. This is also to verify your change of address when needed.

assistant: However, if you are ordering your duplicate and it has been 2 weeks since but you still have not receive it, please contact us [10].
Título: Richard Lewontin
Seção: Sociobiology and evolutionary psychology
Background: Richard Charles "Dick" Lewontin (born March 29, 1929) is an American evolutionary biologist, mathematician, geneticist, and social commentator. A leader in developing the mathematical basis of population genetics and evolutionary theory, he pioneered the application of techniques from molecular biology, such as gel electrophoresis, to questions of genetic variation and evolution. In a pair of seminal 1966 papers co-authored with J.L. Hubby in the journal Genetics, Lewontin helped set the stage for the modern field of molecular evolution. In 1979 he and Stephen Jay Gould introduced the term "spandrel" into evolutionary theory.

Conteúdo: Along with others, such as Gould, Lewontin has been a persistent critic of some themes in neo-Darwinism. Specifically, he has criticised proponents of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology such as Edward O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins, who attempt to explain animal behaviour and social structures in terms of evolutionary advantage or strategy. He and others criticize this approach when applied to humans, as he sees it as genetic determinism. In his writing, Lewontin suggests a more nuanced view of evolution is needed, which requires a more careful understanding of the context of the whole organism as well as the environment.  Such concerns about what he views as the oversimplification of genetics has led Lewontin to be a frequent participant in debates, and an active life as a public intellectual. He has lectured widely to promote his views on evolutionary biology and science. In books such as Not in Our Genes (co-authored with Steven Rose and Leon J. Kamin) and numerous articles, Lewontin has questioned much of the claimed heritability of human behavioral traits, such as intelligence as measured by IQ tests.  Some academics have criticized him for rejecting sociobiology for non-scientific reasons. Edward Wilson (1995) suggested that Lewontin's political beliefs affected his scientific view. Robert Trivers described Lewontin as "...a man with great talents who often wasted them on foolishness, on preening and showing off, on shallow political thinking and on useless philoso

user: What about sociobiology did Richard have to do with?

assistant: he has criticised proponents of sociobiology and evolutionary psychology such as Edward O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins,

user: why did he criticised them?

assistant: He and others criticize this approach when applied to humans, as he sees it as genetic determinism.
Título: Pete Best
Seção: Liverpool
Background: Best's mother, Mona Best (born Alice Mona Shaw), was born in Delhi, India, and was the daughter of Thomas (an Irish major) and Mary Shaw. Randolph Peter Scanland (later surnamed Best), her first child, was born in Madras (now Chennai), Madras Presidency, British India, on 24 November 1941. Best's biological father was marine engineer Donald Peter Scanland, who subsequently died during World War II. Best's mother was training to become a doctor in the service of the Red Cross when she met Johnny Best, who came from a family of sports promoters in Liverpool who ran Liverpool Stadium.

Conteúdo: Best's family lived for a short time at the family home, "Ellerslie" in West Derby, until Best's mother fell out with her sister-in-law, Edna, who resented her brother's choice of wife. The family then moved to a small flat on Cases Street, Liverpool, but Mona Best was always looking for a large house--as she had been used to in India--instead of a smaller semi-detached house, which were prevalent in the area. After moving to 17 Queenscourt Road in 1948, where the Bests lived for nine years, Rory Best saw a large Victorian house for sale at 8 Hayman's Green in 1957 and told Mona about it. The Best family claim that Mona then pawned all her jewellery and placed a bet on Never Say Die, a horse that was ridden by Lester Piggott in the 1954 Epsom Derby; it won at 33-1 and she used her winnings to buy the house in 1957. The house had previously been owned by the West Derby Conservative Club and was unlike many other family houses in Liverpool as the house (built around 1860) was set back from the road, had 15 bedrooms and an acre of land. All the rooms were painted dark green or brown and the garden was totally overgrown. Mona later opened The Casbah Coffee Club in its large cellar. The idea for the club first came from Best, as he asked his mother for somewhere his friends could meet and listen to the popular music of the day.  Best passed the eleven plus exam at Blackmoor Park primary school in West Derby, and was studying at the Liverpool Collegiate Grammar School in Shaw Stree

user: Did Pete Best live in Liverpool?

assistant: The family then moved to a small flat on Cases Street, Liverpool,

user: Was Pete Best part of a band while he was in Liverpool?

assistant: Best formed his own band, the Black Jacks.

user: Did the  Black Jacks release any albums?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How were the Black Jacks received by the public?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What is the name of another musician he worked with while in Liverpool?

assistant: Chas Newby

user: Did Pete Best tour while he was in Liverpool?

assistant: The Black Jacks later became the resident group at the Casbah,

user: Was the Casbah a music club?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Are you a federal student loan borrower? Are you confused about the student loan repayment process? 
Don t let the student loan repayment process overwhelm you. Use this checklist to help you manage and repay your federal student loans. Be an informed borrower by learning about your loans and what to do for a smooth repayment experience. As you work through this checklist , you ll find out how to make payments and figure out which repayment plan is best for you ; and you ll know what to do if you re having trouble making payments or think you might be eligible for loan forgiveness. Remember : You never have to pay for help with your student loans! 

Before You Graduate or Leave School 
Review your federal student loan history. Get your loan history by logging in to " My Federal Student Aid " you ll need to create an FSA ID if you don t already have one. As you review your information , note the following : The current loan balance and interest rate for each loan The loan type depending on when you went to school and what loan programs your school participated in, you may have loans from different federal student loan programs; the types of loans you received can affect what benefits are available to you The name of the loan servicer for each loan a loan servicer is a company that handles the billing and other services on your loans; generally, you ll have one servicer for all your federal student loans, but there is a chance you could have more than one Get to know your loan servicer. Your servicer helps you with your student loans for FREE! It s important that you know who your loan servicer is and how to contact them because you will eventually be making your loan payments to your servicer. Take this opportunity to save your servicer s phone number in your phone. Create an online account on your servicer s website. You can find the most detailed and up - to - date information about your loans, make your payments, and manage your loans for example, change repayme

user: I need help understanding how the student loan repayment process works.

assistant: The student loan repayment process can be overwhelming. I'll be happy to help you understand how to manage and repay your student loans.
Título: Boyz II Men
Seção: 1997-98: Evolution and label conflicts
Background: Boyz II Men is an American R&B vocal group from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, best known for emotional ballads and a cappella harmonies. They are currently a trio composed of baritone Nathan Morris alongside tenors Wanya Morris and Shawn Stockman. During the 1990s, Boyz II Men found fame on Motown Records as a quartet including bass Michael McCary, who left the group in 2003 due to health issues. During the 1990s, Boyz II Men gained international success.

Conteúdo: Motown issued The Remix Collection, a compilation of remixes of various Boyz II Men songs from Cooleyhighharmony and II. The group itself had opposed the release of the collection, because they felt the compilation did not represent Boyz II Men's best work. After the label released the album without their permission, there was a dispute between the company and the group. Boyz II Men initiated their own recording company Stonecreek (which released material by artists such as Uncle Sam), and they arranged for Stonecreek's distribution by Epic Records, not Motown.  Boyz II Men's third studio album, Evolution, was released during 1997 to mixed reviews and sold three million copies, far below the stratospheric success of II's (12 million copies) and Cooleyhighharmony (9 million). Only one of Evolution's singles, the Jam/Lewis-penned "Four Seasons of Loneliness", reached number 1 on the Hot 100 chart. The second single, the Babyface-helmed "A Song for Mama" (the theme song to the Babyface-produced film Soul Food) was a Top 10 success, but the follow-up "Can't Let Her Go" underperformed.  The global tour began in 1997 to promote Evolution was very successful in terms of ticket sales, but behind the scenes, Boyz II Men was wracked by conflicts with their record label and internal conflicts among the members of the group. Making matters worse, health problems began to take their toll on the group as well. While on tour to support the Evolution album, Wanya Morris developed a polyp on 

user: Who are the member of BoysIImen?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Who left the group on 2003?

assistant: McCary's scoliosis meant that he was unable to participate in most of the group's dance routines.

user: On what year they got famous?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Where was the group originated from?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Augusta Jane Evans
Seção: Early years
Background: Augusta Jane Evans, or Augusta Evans Wilson (May 8, 1835 - May 9, 1909), was an American author of Southern literature. She was the first woman to earn US$100,000 through her writing. Wilson was a native of Columbus, Georgia, and her first book, Inez, a Tale of the Alamo, was written when she was still young.

Conteúdo: She was born Augusta Jane Evans on May 8, 1835, in Columbus, Georgia, the eldest child of the family. The area of her birth was then known as Wynnton (now MidTown). Her mother was Sarah S. Howard and her father was Matthew R. Evans. She was a descendant on her mother's side from the Howards, one of the most cultured families of Georgia. As a young girl in 19th-century America, she received little in the way of a formal education. However, she became a voracious reader at an early age.  Her father suffered bankruptcy and lost the family's Sherwood Hall property in the 1840s. He moved his family of ten from Georgia for Alabama, and scarcely ten when they moved to San Antonio, Texas, in 1845. When the Mexican-American War had ended, and everything was in a disorganized condition, consequently there were no schools of any prominence. Had her mother not been cultivated and literary, Evans could never have obtained the education which fitted her for the work she later accomplished. During the Mexican war, San Antonio was the rendezvous for the United States troops sent to assist General Zachary Taylor, and the brilliant uniforms of the soldiery, the martial music, and the exciting events that accompany war, combined with the picturesque, enchanting scenery around San Antonio, furnished an excellent theme for Evans' first novel. In 1850, at the age of fifteen, she wrote Inez: A Tale of the Alamo, a sentimental, moralistic, anti-Catholic love story. It told the story of one orphan's 

user: What were her early years like?

assistant: She was born Augusta Jane Evans on May 8, 1835, in Columbus, Georgia,

user: Did she stay in Columbus for her entire childhood?

assistant: scarcely ten when they moved to San Antonio, Texas, in 1845.

user: Was she poor growing up?

assistant: Her father suffered bankruptcy and lost the family's Sherwood Hall property in the 1840s.

user: Did things ever improve for her family?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did she have any brothers or sisters?

assistant: family of ten

user: Was her childhood overall happy?

assistant: she became a voracious reader at an early age.

user: When did she begin writing?

assistant: In 1850, at the age of fifteen, she wrote Inez: A Tale of the Alamo,
Master Promissory Note (MPN) for Graduate/Professional Students 
The MPN is a legal document in which you promise to repay your loan and any accrued interest and fees to the U.S. Department of Education. It also explains the terms and conditions of your loan .Graduate / professional students may be eligible for both Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Direct PLUS Loans, which have different MPNs. You may receive more than one loan under an MPN over a period of up to 10 years to pay for your educational costs, as long as the school is authorized to use the MPN in this way and chooses to do so. Your school will tell you which loans, if any, you are eligible to receive. 

MPN for Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans 
Use this MPN for Direct Unsubsidized Loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct PLUS Loans. Download PDF Preview Read Only LOG IN TO START View Demo 

MPN for Direct PLUS Loans 
Use this MPN for Direct PLUS Loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Download PDF Preview Read Only LOG IN TO START View Demo 

Who should complete this? 


30 Minutes 


How long will it take? 


What do I need? 
Verified username and password FSA ID School Name Permanent/Mailing Address Contact Information Employer Information Reference Information Return to the MPN Selection Page Close Yes Close Yes 

user: Hello i would like to get information about Master Promissory Note (MPN) for graduate students


assistant: The MPN is a legal document that promises to pay your loan and accrued interest and fees to the US Department of Education, it also explains the terms and conditions of your loan. Graduate / professional students may be eligible for both unsubsidized direct loans and direct PLUS loans, which have different MPNs.


user: What I need?


assistant: first thing is verified username and password FSA ID


user: and can you receive more than one loan?


assistant: You can receive more than one loan under an MPN over a period of up to 10 years to pay your educational costs, as long as the school is authorized to use the MPN in this way and decides to do so.


user: and for unsubsidized loans?


assistant: Use this MPN for unsubsidized direct loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct PLUS loans.


user: And what do I use for direct PLUS loans?


assistant: Use this MPN for direct PLUS loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for unsubsidized direct loans.


user: Who should complete this?


assistant: Do you want to do it in just 30 minutes?
Título: Exodus (American band)
Seção: Bonded By Blood and rise in popularity (1984-1991)
Background: Exodus is an American thrash metal band formed in 1979 in Richmond, California. The band has gone through numerous lineup changes, two extended hiatuses, and the deaths of two former band members. Their current lineup consists of guitarists Gary Holt and Lee Altus, bassist Jack Gibson, drummer Tom Hunting, and lead vocalist Steve "Zetro" Souza. Hunting is one of the original members, and departed from Exodus twice, in 1989 and 2004, but rejoined in 2007.

Conteúdo: The band recorded their first album, Bonded by Blood, in the summer of 1984. Audio engineering college student Mark Whitaker, who had attended high school with Paul Baloff, oversaw management and record production for the band at the time. 1984 concert photos from Exodus shows at Aquatic Park's Eastern Front Metal Festival (with Slayer and Suicidal Tendencies) and Ruthie's Inn (with Megadeth and Slayer) were included on the album sleeve inserts. Originally titled A Lesson in Violence, the album was not released until April 1985 amidst creative and business setbacks. Whilst Bonded By Blood is considered a highly influential thrash metal album today, critics have regarded the delay in its release as having hindered the impact the album could have had. As Allmusic reviewer Eduardo Rivadavia would later write in his review for the album: "Had it been released immediately after it was recorded in 1984, Exodus' Bonded by Blood might be regarded today alongside Metallica's Kill 'Em All as one of the landmark albums responsible for launching the thrash metal wave." Exodus promoted the album by going on tour with Venom and Slayer. Four songs from their April 5, 1985 performance at Studio 54 in New York City were filmed and released on home video as Combat Tour Live: The Ultimate Revenge. The band subsequently toured or played selected shows with bands like Exciter, Megadeth, Anthrax, King Diamond, Possessed, D.R.I., Nuclear Assault and Hirax.  Shortly after touring for Bonded by Blood

user: What happened at the start of their career?

assistant: The band recorded their first album, Bonded by Blood, in the summer of 1984.

user: What did they become popular?

assistant: Exodus promoted the album by going on tour with Venom and Slayer.

user: Did you find anything interesting in the article?

assistant: Paul Baloff was fired from the band allegedly due to his behavior related to alcohol and substance abuse,