Título: John Bowring
Seção: Political economist career
Background: Bowring was born in Exeter of Charles Bowring (1769-1856), a wool merchant whose main market was China, from an old Unitarian family, and Sarah Jane Anne (d. 1828), the daughter of Thomas Lane, vicar of St Ives, Cornwall. His last formal education was at a Unitarian school in Moretonhampstead and he started work in his father's business at age 13. Bowring at one stage wished to become a Unitarian minister. Espousal of Unitarian faith was illegal in Britain until Bowring had turned 21.

Conteúdo: Bowring had begun contributing to the newly founded Westminster Review and had been appointed its editor by Bentham in 1825. By his contributions to the Review he attained considerable repute as a political economist and parliamentary reformer. He advocated in its pages the cause of free trade long before it was popularized by Richard Cobden and John Bright, co-founders of the Anti-Corn Law League in Manchester in 1838.  He pleaded earnestly on behalf of parliamentary reform, Catholic emancipation, and popular education. Bentham failed in an attempt to have Bowring appointed professor of English or History at University College London in 1827 but, after Bowring visited the Netherlands in 1828, the University of Groningen conferred on him the degree of doctor of laws in February the next year for his Sketches of the Language and Literature of Holland. In 1830, he was in Denmark, preparing for the publication of a collection of Scandinavian poetry. As a member of the 1831 Royal Commission, he advocated strict parliamentary control on public expenditure, and considered the ensuing reform one of his main achievements. Till 1832, he was Foreign Secretary of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association.  Bowring was appointed Jeremy Bentham's literary executor a week before the latter's 1832 death in his arms, and was charged with the task of preparing a collected edition of his works. The appointment was challenged by a nephew but Bowring prevailed in court. The work appeared in 

user: When did he become a political economist?

assistant: in 1825. By his contributions to the Review he attained considerable repute as a political economist

user: What was his biggest achievement in this area?

assistant: he advocated strict parliamentary control on public expenditure, and considered the ensuing reform one of his main achievements.

user: Where was he living during this time?

assistant: Manchester

user: What else did he achieve in this career?

assistant: he was Foreign Secretary of the British and Foreign Unitarian Association.

user: What did he do in this role?

assistant: he advocated strict parliamentary control on public expenditure,

user: When did he achieve reforms on control on public expenditure?

assistant: 1831

user: Did he have any other achievements during this time?

assistant: the University of Groningen conferred on him the degree of doctor of laws

user: Did he receive any other degrees?

assistant: Bentham failed in an attempt to have Bowring appointed professor of English or History at University College London

user: Why wasn't he appointed professor of English or History?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER