Título: Andrew Carnegie
Seção: 1901: U.S. Steel
Background: Andrew Carnegie ( kar-NAY-gee, but commonly  KAR-n@-ghee or  kar-NEG-ee; November 25, 1835 - August 11, 1919) was a Scottish-American industrialist, business magnate, and philanthropist. Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people (and richest Americans). He became a leading philanthropist in the United States and in the British Empire. During the last 18 years of his life, he gave away about $350 million to charities, foundations, and universities--almost 90 percent of his fortune.

Conteúdo: In 1864, Carnegie invested $40,000 in Story Farm on Oil Creek in Venango County, Pennsylvania. In one year, the farm yielded over $1,000,000 in cash dividends, and petroleum from oil wells on the property sold profitably. The demand for iron products, such as armor for gunboats, cannons, and shells, as well as a hundred other industrial products, made Pittsburgh a center of wartime production. Carnegie worked with others in establishing a steel rolling mill, and steel production and control of industry became the source of his fortune. Carnegie had some investments in the iron industry before the war.  After the war, Carnegie left the railroads to devote all his energies to the ironworks trade. Carnegie worked to develop several iron works, eventually forming the Keystone Bridge Works and the Union Ironworks, in Pittsburgh. Although he had left the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, he remained closely connected to its management, namely Thomas A. Scott and J. Edgar Thomson. He used his connection to the two men to acquire contracts for his Keystone Bridge Company and the rails produced by his ironworks. He also gave stock to Scott and Thomson in his businesses, and the Pennsylvania was his best customer. When he built his first steel plant, he made a point of naming it after Thomson. As well as having good business sense, Carnegie possessed charm and literary knowledge. He was invited to many important social functions--functions that Carnegie exploited to his own advantage.  Ca

user: what happened in 1901?

assistant: Carnegie invested $40,000 in Story Farm on Oil Creek in Venango County, Pennsylvania. In one year, the farm yielded over $1,000,000 in cash dividends,

user: what else happened in a year?

assistant: Carnegie worked with others in establishing a steel rolling mill, and steel production and control of industry became the source of his fortune.

user: was this a success?

assistant: I propose to take an income no greater than $50,000 per annum! Beyond this I need ever earn, make no effort to increase my fortune,

user: what else before?

assistant: Carnegie believed in using his fortune for others and doing more than making money.

user: what did he do?

assistant: Carnegie worked to develop several iron works, eventually forming the Keystone Bridge Works and the Union Ironworks, in Pittsburgh.

user: what was his greatest accomplishment?

assistant: Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry, controlling the most extensive integrated iron and steel operations ever owned by an individual in the United States.

user: what is the most important fact mentioned in the article?

assistant: One of his two great innovations was in the cheap and efficient mass production of steel by adopting and adapting the Bessemer process,

user: and what else?

assistant: The second was in his vertical integration of all suppliers of raw materials. In the late 1880s, Carnegie Steel was the largest manufacturer of pig iron,

user: what else did it manufacture?

assistant: pig iron, steel rails, and coke in the world, with a capacity to produce approximately 2,000 tons of pig metal per day.