Título: Arabs
Seção: Classical kingdoms
Background: Arabs (; Arabic: `arab ISO 233 'arab, Arabic pronunciation ['?arab] ( listen)) are a population inhabiting the Arab world. They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and western Indian Ocean islands.

Conteúdo: Proto-Arabic, or Ancient North Arabian, texts give a clearer picture of the Arabs' emergence. The earliest are written in variants of epigraphic south Arabian musnad script, including the 8th century BCE Hasaean inscriptions of eastern Saudi Arabia, the 6th century BCE Lihyanite texts of southeastern Saudi Arabia and the Thamudic texts found throughout the Arabian Peninsula and Sinai (not in reality connected with Thamud).  The Nabataeans were nomadic who moved into territory vacated by the Edomites - Semites who settled the region centuries before them. Their early inscriptions were in Aramaic, but gradually switched to Arabic, and since they had writing, it was they who made the first inscriptions in Arabic. The Nabataean alphabet was adopted by Arabs to the south, and evolved into modern Arabic script around the 4th century. This is attested by Safaitic inscriptions (beginning in the 1st century BCE) and the many Arabic personal names in Nabataean inscriptions. From about the 2nd century BCE, a few inscriptions from Qaryat al-Faw reveal a dialect no longer considered proto-Arabic, but pre-classical Arabic. Five Syriac inscriptions mentioning Arabs have been found at Sumatar Harabesi, one of which dates to the 2nd century CE.  Arabs arrived in the Palmyra in the late first millennium BCE. The soldiers of the sheikh Zabdibel, who aided the Seleucids in the battle of Raphia (217 BCE), were described as Arabs; Zabdibel and his men were not actually identified as Palmyrenes in 

user: What are the kingdoms

assistant: The Nabataeans were nomadic who moved into territory vacated by the Edomites - Semites who settled the region centuries before them.

user: Where were the kingdoms

assistant: Arabian Peninsula and Sinai

user: Who lived in the kingdoms

assistant: The Nabataeans were nomadic who moved into territory vacated by the Edomites - Semites who settled the region centuries before them.

user: When did the kingdoms originate?

assistant: Proto-Arabic, or Ancient North Arabian, texts give a clearer picture of the Arabs' emergence.

user: What year?

assistant: The earliest are written in variants of epigraphic south Arabian musnad script, including the 8th century BCE Hasaean inscriptions

user: What other peoples were there?

assistant: The Nabataeans were nomadic who moved into territory vacated by the Edomites - Semites

user: What language are the inscriptions in?

assistant: The earliest are written in variants of epigraphic south Arabian musnad script,

user: How long did the kingdoms last?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any notable figures during this time?

assistant: Palmyra was conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate after its 634 capture by the Arab general Khalid ibn al-Walid, who took the city on his way to Damascus;

user: What other generals were there?

assistant: Marwan II

user: Where was Palmyra located

assistant: Syrian Desert