Título: Rosalind Franklin
Seção: Nobel Prize
Background: Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 1920 - 16 April 1958) was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, her contributions to the discovery of the structure of DNA were largely recognised posthumously. Born to a prominent British Jewish family, Franklin was educated at a private day school at Norland Place in West London, Lindores School for Young Ladies in Sussex, and St Paul's Girls' School, London. Then she studied the Natural Sciences Tripos at Newnham College, Cambridge, from which she graduated in 1941.

Conteúdo: Franklin was never nominated for a Nobel Prize. Her work was a crucial part in the discovery of DNA's structure, which along with subsequent related work led to Francis Crick, James Watson, and Maurice Wilkins being awarded a Nobel Prize in 1962. She had died in 1958, and during her lifetime the DNA structure was not considered as fully proven. It took Wilkins and his colleagues about seven years to collect enough data to prove and refine the proposed DNA structure. Moreover, its biological significance, as proposed by Watson and Crick, was not established. General acceptance for the DNA double helix and its function did not start until late in the 1950s, leading to Nobel nominations in 1960, 1961, and 1962 for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and in 1962 for Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The first breakthrough was from Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl in 1958, who experimentally showed the DNA replication of a bacterium Escherichia coli. Now known as Meselson-Stahl experiment, DNA was found to replicate into two double-stranded helices, with each helix having one of the original DNA strands. This DNA replication was firmly established by 1961 after further demonstration in other species, and of the stepwise chemical reaction. According to the 1961 Crick-Monod letter, this experimental proof, along with Wilkins having initiated the DNA diffraction work, were the reasons why Crick felt that Wilkins should be included in the DNA Nobel Prize.  In 1962 the Nobel Prize was su

user: Did she win a nobel prize?

assistant: Franklin was never nominated for a Nobel Prize.

user: How is she related to the nobel prize?

assistant: Her work was a crucial part in the discovery of DNA's structure,

user: Who was nominated or won the nobel prize?

assistant: In 1962 the Nobel Prize was subsequently awarded to Crick, Watson, and Wilkins.

user: Was it for their work based on her findings?

assistant: The award was for their body of work on nucleic acids and not exclusively for the discovery of the structure of DNA.

user: Was Franklin acknowledged for any of this?

assistant: Nobel rules prohibit posthumous nominations or splitting of Prizes more than three ways.

user: Was there anything else interesting about this article?

assistant: General acceptance for the DNA double helix and its function did not start until late in the 1950s,

user: what impact did this have on the nobel prize award?

assistant: Nobel nominations in 1960, 1961, and 1962 for Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and in 1962 for Nobel Prize in Chemistry.