Título: Richard II of England
Seção: A fragile peace
Background: Richard of Bordeaux was the younger son of Edward, the Black Prince, and Joan of Kent. Edward, heir apparent to the throne of England, had distinguished himself as a military commander in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War, particularly in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. After further military adventures, however, he contracted dysentery in Spain in 1370. He never fully recovered and had to return to England the next year.

Conteúdo: Richard gradually re-established royal authority in the months after the deliberations of the Merciless Parliament. The aggressive foreign policy of the Lords Appellant failed when their efforts to build a wide, anti-French coalition came to nothing, and the north of England fell victim to a Scottish incursion. Richard was now over twenty-one years old and could with confidence claim the right to govern in his own name. Furthermore, John of Gaunt returned to England in 1389 and settled his differences with the king, after which the old statesman acted as a moderating influence on English politics. Richard assumed full control of the government on 3 May 1389, claiming that the difficulties of the past years had been due solely to bad councillors. He outlined a foreign policy that reversed the actions of the appellants by seeking peace and reconciliation with France, and promised to lessen the burden of taxation on the people significantly. Richard ruled peacefully for the next eight years, having reconciled with his former adversaries. Still, later events would show that he had not forgotten the indignities he perceived. In particular, the execution of his former teacher Sir Simon de Burley was an insult not easily forgotten.  With national stability secured, Richard began negotiating a permanent peace with France. A proposal put forward in 1393 would have greatly expanded the territory of Aquitaine possessed by the English crown. However, the plan failed because it included a

user: Can you tell me about a fragile peace?

assistant: Richard gradually re-established royal authority in the months after the deliberations of the Merciless Parliament.

user: How did he establish authority?

assistant: Richard assumed full control of the government on 3 May 1389, claiming that the difficulties of the past years had been due solely to bad councillors.

user: What happened after he gained authority?

assistant: He outlined a foreign policy that reversed the actions of the appellants by seeking peace and reconciliation with France,

user: Was his foreign policy successful?

assistant: Richard began negotiating a permanent peace with France.

user: What happened after he negotiated peace with France?

assistant: in 1396, a truce was agreed to, which was to last 28 years.

user: Is there anything else interesting?

assistant: Although Richard sought peace with France, he took a different approach to the situation in Ireland.

user: What did he want in Ireland?

assistant: The English lordships in Ireland were in danger of being overrun, and the Anglo-Irish lords were pleading for the king to intervene.

user: What did the king do?

assistant: Richard left for Ireland, where he remained until May 1395.

user: What did he accomplish in Ireland?

assistant: The invasion was a success, and a number of Irish chieftains submitted to English overlordship.