Título: Iberians
Seção: Second Punic War and Roman conquest
Background: The Iberians (Latin: Hiberi, from Greek: Iberes, Iberes) were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others, Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodotus and Strabo) identified with that name in the eastern and southern coasts of the Iberian peninsula, at least from the 6th century BC. The Roman sources also use the term Hispani to refer to the Iberians. The term Iberian, as used by the ancient authors, had two distinct meanings. One, more general, referred to all the populations of the Iberian peninsula without regard to ethnic differences (Pre-Indo-European, Celts and non-Celtic Indo-Europeans).

Conteúdo: After the First Punic war, the massive war debt suffered by Carthage led them to attempt to expand their control over the Iberian peninsula. Hamilcar Barca began this conquest from his base at Cadiz by conquering the Tartessian Guadalquivir river region, which was rich in silver. After Hamilcar's death, his son-in-law Hasdrubal continued his incursions into Iberia, founding the colony of Qart Hadasht (modern Cartagena) and extending his influence all the way to the southern bank of the river Ebro. After Hasdrubal's assassination in 221 BC, Hannibal assumed command of the Carthaginian forces and spent two years completing the conquest of the Iberians south of the Ebro. In his first campaign, Hannibal defeated the Olcades, the Vaccaei and the Carpetani expanding his control over the river Tagus region. Hannibal then laid siege to Roman ally of Saguntum and this led to the beginning of the Second Punic War. The Iberian theater was a key battleground during this war and many Iberian and Celtiberian warriors fought for both Rome and Carthage, though most tribes sided with Carthage.  Rome sent Gnaeus and Publius Cornelius Scipio to conquer Iberia from Carthage. Gnaeus subsequently defeated the Iberian Ilergetes tribe north of the Ebro who were allied with Carthage, conquered the Iberian oppidum of Tarraco and defeated the Carthaginian fleet. After the arrival of Publius Scipio, Tarraco was fortified and, by 211 BC, the Scipio brothers had overrun the Carthaginian and allied forces 

user: Why did the 2nd punic war begin?

assistant: the massive war debt suffered by Carthage led them to attempt to expand their control over the Iberian peninsula.

user: When did it start?

assistant: After Hasdrubal's assassination in 221 BC,

user: Who was Hasdrubal?

assistant: After Hamilcar's death, his son-in-law Hasdrubal continued his incursions into Iberia,

user: What happened after his assassination?

assistant: Hannibal assumed command of the Carthaginian forces and spent two years completing the conquest of the Iberians south of the Ebro.

user: Did Hannibal go on to conquer more of Iberia?

assistant: In his first campaign, Hannibal defeated the Olcades, the Vaccaei and the Carpetani expanding his control over the river Tagus region.

user: When did the war end?

assistant: Wars and campaigns in the northern regions of the Iberian peninsula would continue until 16 BC,

user: What happened when the war ended?

assistant: the Iberian territories were divided into two major provinces, Hispania Ulterior and Hispania Citerior.