dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Benefits By Year Of Birth 
Full retirement age is the age at which a person may first become entitled to full or unreduced retirement benefits. No matter what your full retirement age also called " normal retirement age " is , you may start receiving benefits as early as age 62 or as late as age 70. 

If You Retire Early 
You can retire at any time between age 62 and full retirement age. However , if you start benefits early , your benefits are reduced a fraction of a percent for each month before your full retirement age. The chart below lists age 62 reduction amounts and includes examples based on an estimated monthly benefit of $1000 at full retirement age. Select your year of birth to find out how much your benefit will be reduced if you retire between age 62 and full retirement age. 

Full Retirement and Age 62 Benefit By Year Of Birth 


Pros And Cons 
There are advantages and disadvantages to taking your benefit before your full retirement age. The advantage is that you collect benefits for a longer period of time. The disadvantage is your benefit is reduced. Each person's situation is different. It is important to remember : if you delay your benefits until after full retirement age , you may be eligible for delayed retirement credits that would increase your monthly benefit ; that there are other things to consider when making the correct decision about your retirement benefits ; and to contact Social Security before you decide when to retire. 

user: what if a person retires early?

assistant: You can retire at any time between age 62 and full retirement age

assistant: are you retired?

user: no I am not

user: how early can i get benefits?

assistant:  you may start receiving benefits as early as age 62 or as late as age 70
Get a motorcycle license [1] 
A New York State resident must have a Class M or Class MJ driver license or learner permit to drive a motorcycle. To get a motorcycle license , you must first get a motorcycle learner permit. IMPORTANT : DMV offers 3 types of documents. Learn about Enhanced, REAL ID and Standard documents [2]. 

How to get a motorcycle license 


Step 1: Apply for a motorcycle permit at a DMV office 
Here is what do study the NY State Motorcycle Operator's Manual [3] MV-21MC to prepare for the written test you have the documents and proofs of identification you need complete the DMV Document Guide to make sure Find your proofs [4 ] if you already have a New York State learner permit or driver license , bring the document bring payment for the $10.00 application fee and the motorcycle license fee 1 

Step 2: Prepare for the motorcycle road test 
Before you schedule your road test , we recommend that you have at least 30 hours of practice on a motorcycle, with or without formal instruction. We also recommend that you have at least 10 hours of practice in medium to high volume traffic consider taking the New York State Motorcycle Safety Program Basic Rider Course [5] or instruction from a commercial driving school When you practice driving with a motorcycle learner permit you must be supervised by a driver age 21 or older who has a valid motorcycle license from any state the motorcycle driver who supervises you must be within 1/4 mile of you at all times you must obey the general restrictions [6] for permit holders [6 ] if you have a Class MJ permit , you must obey the restrictions and requirements for drivers under age 18 [7 ] 

Step 3: Schedule and take a motorcycle road test 
See Schedule and take a road test [8]. if you do not already have another class of New York State driver license , you must complete a pre - licensing course or a Driver Education course before you can schedule a road test 2 if you already have another class of New York State lic

user: I want to get a motorcycle license, give me some info about it, please.

assistant: If you are a New York State resident, you must have a Class M or Class MJ driver license or learner permit to drive a motorcycle.

assistant: Just to confirm... do you need a motorcycle license?

user: Yes, I need to get it.

assistant: First of all, you must first get a motorcycle learner permit. The DMV will offer you 3 types of documents. for more information, see "Enhanced , REAL ID and Standard documents".

user: I already have a New York State learner permit, Does this permit help me?

assistant: Yes, bring the document to a DMV office and a $10.00 payment for the application fee and the motorcycle license fee.
Medicare Premiums: Rules For Higher-Income Beneficiaries 
The law requires an adjustment to your monthly Medicare Part B medical insurance and Medicare prescription drug coverage premiums. This affects less than five percent of people with Medicare. Most people don t pay higher premiums. 

If You Have a Higher Income 
If you have higher income , you ll pay an additional premium amount for Medicare Part B and Medicare prescription drug coverage. We call the additional amount the income - related monthly adjustment amount. Here s how it works : Part B helps pay for your doctors services and outpatient care. It also covers other medical services, such as physical and occupational therapy, and some home health care. For most beneficiaries , the government pays a substantial portion about 75 percent of the Part B premium , and the beneficiary pays the remaining 25 percent. If we determine you re a higher - income beneficiary , you ll pay a larger percentage of the total cost of Part B based on the income you normally report to the Internal Revenue Service IRS. You ll pay monthly Part B premiums equal to 35 , 50 , 65 , 80, or 85 percent of the total cost, depending on what you report to the IRS. Medicare prescription drug coverage helps pay for your prescription drugs. For most beneficiaries , the government pays a major portion of the total costs for this coverage , and the beneficiary pays the rest. Prescription drug plan costs vary depending on the plan, and whether you get the Extra Help, also known as the subsidy, with your portion of the Medicare prescription drug coverage costs. If you re a higher - income beneficiary with Medicare prescription drug coverage , you ll pay monthly premiums plus an additional amount, which is based on what you report to the IRS. Because individual plan premiums vary , the law specifies that the amount is determined using a base premium. We tie the additional amount you pay to the base beneficiary premium, not your own premium amount

user: I have so many questions about medicare premiums, I don't even know where to begin.

assistant: No problem. First you should know that the law requires an adjustment to your monthly Medicare Part B medical insurance and Medicare prescription drug coverage premiums. This affects less than five percent of people with Medicare. Most people don t pay higher premiums.
Título: Athlete (band)
Seção: Success (2003-2006)
Background: Athlete are an English indie rock band formed in Deptford, London, comprising Joel Pott (lead vocals and guitar), Carey Willetts (bass and backing vocals), Stephen Roberts (drums and backing vocals) and Tim Wanstall (keyboards and backing vocals). The band had a brief period of high-profile domestic success in which their debut album Vehicles & Animals (2003) was a platinum seller in 2005 and Mercury Music Prize nomination. It was followed up by Tourist (2005) which reached No. 1 and sold over 500,000 copies allowing this album to also go platinum. Since then the band has continued to release records on regular basis.

Conteúdo: The band came to prominence in 2003 with their debut album, Vehicles and Animals, producing popular singles such as "You Got the Style" and "El Salvador". The album earned a Mercury Music Prize nomination and went on to sell over 250,000 copies. They played their first live session on UK radio on the Dermot O'Leary Show on BBC Radio 2. Following the release of the album in April 2003, the summer of that year was a particularly fruitful time. Shortly after Glastonbury and T in The Park festivals, the band were nominated for the Mercury Award. After nomination, the album went from silver (60,000 sales) to gold (100,000) in the space of two weeks. "I think there's an underdog waiting to be discovered by the Mercury every year," said Steve. "And that year it was us." "By the time we played V at the end of the summer it seemed like everybody there knew the record,' said Joel Pott, 'There was 20,000 people, all singing along.'  Their second album, Tourist, reached Number One in the UK Album Charts in its first week, following the huge success of single "Wires". The song was written about Pott's newborn baby who was rushed to intensive care after a premature birth, and in 2006 it won them the Ivor Novello Award for "Best Contemporary Song". In the UK charts, the band has frequently been frustrated by singles just missing out on top 40 placings, due to inconsistent support by music television channels and radio stations. For instance, certain songs, such as "Wires" and "Half Light", 

user: What was there first success?

assistant: The band came to prominence in 2003 with their debut album, Vehicles and Animals,

user: What was one of their hits?

assistant: "You Got the Style"

user: When was that released?

assistant: 2003

user: What other singles were released?

assistant: "Wires" and "Half Light",

user: How did that song do?

assistant: "Wires" and "Half Light", were played up to 10 times a day on larger UK radio stations,

user: Did they win any awards?

assistant: Ivor Novello Award for "Best Contemporary Song".

user: Is there any other awards they won?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What other successes did they have?

assistant: the band were nominated for the Mercury Award.
Título: Slipknot (band)
Seção: Image and identities
Background: Slipknot is an American heavy metal band from Des Moines, Iowa. The band was formed in 1992 by percussionist Shawn Crahan, drummer Joey Jordison and bassist Paul Gray. After several lineup changes in its early years, the band settled on nine members for more than a decade: Corey Taylor, Mick Thomson, Jim Root, Paul Gray, Craig Jones, Sid Wilson, Shawn Crahan, Chris Fehn and Joey Jordison. Gray died on May 24, 2010, and was replaced during 2011-2014 by guitarist Donnie Steele.

Conteúdo: The band is known for its attention-grabbing image; the members perform wearing unique, individual facemasks and matching uniforms--typically jumpsuits--while each member is typically assigned and referred to by number based on their role in the band (#0 through #8), although the latter practice has diminished following the death of Paul Gray.  The band has said the idea of wearing masks stemmed from a clown mask that Crahan took to rehearsals when the band first started. Crahan later became known for his clown masks, adopting the pseudonym "Shawn the Clown". The concept developed; by late 1997, the band decided every band member would wear a unique mask and matching jumpsuit. Taylor said in 2002, "it's our way of becoming more intimate with the music. It's a way for us to become unconscious of who we are and what we do outside of music. It's a way for us to kind of crawl inside it and be able to use it." The concept of wearing matching jumpsuits has been described as a response to commercialism in the music industry and led to the idea of assigning the band members numerical aliases. According to Taylor, "Originally, we were just going to wear the jumpsuits ...  we figured we might as well take that further and number ourselves ...  We were basically saying, 'Hey, we're a product!'".  During their careers, the members of Slipknot have developed their images, updating their uniforms and each member's mask upon the release of each album. The appearance and style of the masks d

user: What is the image of Slipknot?

assistant: The band is known for its attention-grabbing image;

user: Wht is attention-grabbing about it.

assistant: the members perform wearing unique, individual facemasks and matching uniforms

user: What kind of uniforms are they?

assistant: typically jumpsuits

user: Do the members of the group have on-stage personas?

assistant: each member is typically assigned and referred to by number based on their role in the band
Título: Harry Wright
Seção: The National Association years
Background: Born in Sheffield, England, he was the eldest of five children of professional cricketer Samuel Wright and his wife, Annie Tone Wright. His family emigrated to the U.S. when he was nearly three years old, and his father found work as a bowler, coach, and groundskeeper at the St George's Cricket Club in New York. Harry dropped out of school at age 14 to work for a jewelry manufacturer, and worked at Tiffany's for several years. Both Harry and George, twelve years younger, assisted their father, effectively apprenticing as cricket "club pros".

Conteúdo: From an invitation in 1870 by Ivers Whitney Adams, the founder and President of the Boston Red Stockings, Wright moved from managing the "Cincinnati Red Stockings" to work professionally with the first-ever base ball team in Boston, the "Boston Red Stockings". The team was to play in the newly formed National Association of Professional Base Ball Players, now known more often as simply the National Association.  The Red Stockings finished third in the NA's inaugural season. Wright, now 36 years old and the second-oldest player in the league, was the team's regular center fielder, playing 30 of the team's 31 games at that position. He also pitched in nine games in relief of Albert Spalding, notching one win.  In 1872, the Red Stockings won its first championship, beating the Baltimore Canaries by 7 1/2  games. They won again the next season, finishing four games ahead of the Philadelphia Athletics.  1874 turned out to be Wright's last year as the team's regular center fielder. He had been the oldest player in the NA for three years running. It was also his third straight championship as manager. That year, he organized what turned out to be a fairly disastrous attempt to take baseball back home to the British Isles.  In 1875, the final year of the NA, the Red Stockings were an amazing 71-8, finishing a full 15 games ahead of the Athletics. Wright, now the oldest player in the league, continued to play regularly in center field for Boston until 1874. After that, he played in ju

user: What team did Harry Wright play in the National Association?

assistant: "Boston Red Stockings
Título: Casey Kasem
Seção: 1970-1988: American Top 40
Background: Kasem was born in Detroit, Michigan, on April 27, 1932, to Lebanese Druze immigrant parents, who had settled in Michigan, where they worked as grocers. Kasem was named after Turkish leader Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, a man Kasem said his father respected. In the 1940s, "Make Believe Ballroom" reportedly inspired Kasem to follow a career in radio and later host a national radio hits countdown show. Kasem received his first experience in radio covering sports at Northwestern High School in Detroit.

Conteúdo: On July 4, 1970, Kasem, along with Don Bustany, Tom Rounds, and Ron Jacobs, launched the weekly radio program American Top 40 (AT40). At the time, top 40 radio was on the decline as DJs preferred to play album-oriented progressive rock. Loosely based on the TV program Your Hit Parade, the show counted down from #40 on the pop charts to #1--the first #1 was Three Dog Night's "Mama Told Me (Not to Come)"--based on the Billboard Hot 100 each week. The show, however, was not just about the countdown. Kasem mixed in biographical information about the artists, flashback, and "long-distance dedication" segments where he read letters written by listeners to dedicate songs of their choice to far away loved ones. He often included trivia facts about songs he played and artists whose work he showcased. Frequently, he mentioned a trivia fact about an unnamed singer before a commercial break, then provided the name of the singer after returning from the break. Kasem ended the program with his signature sign-off, "Keep your feet on the ground and keep reaching for the stars."  The show debuted on seven stations, but on the back of Kasem's "always friendly and upbeat" baritone voice it soon went nationwide. In October 1978, the show expanded from three hours a week to four. American Top 40's success spawned several imitators including a weekly half-hour music video television show, America's Top 10, hosted by Kasem himself. "When we first went on the air, I thought we would be around for at

user: What did he have to do with the American Top 40?

assistant: Kasem, along with Don Bustany, Tom Rounds, and Ron Jacobs, launched the weekly radio program American Top 40 (AT40).

user: When did they launch the program?

assistant: On July 4, 1970,

user: What else happened during this time period?

assistant: Loosely based on the TV program Your Hit Parade, the show counted down from #40 on the pop charts to #1--
Título: Alice Hamilton
Seção: Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School
Background: Alice Hamilton (February 27, 1869 - September 22, 1970) was an American physician, research scientist, and author who is best known as a leading expert in the field of occupational health and a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology. She was also the first woman appointed to the faculty of Harvard University. Her scientific research focused on the study of occupational illnesses and the dangerous effects of industrial metals and chemical compounds. In addition to her scientific work, Hamilton was a social-welfare reformer, humanitarian, peace activist, and a resident-volunteer at Hull House in Chicago.

Conteúdo: In January 1919 Hamilton accepted a position as assistant professor in a newly-formed Department of Industrial Medicine (and after 1925 the School of Public Health) at Harvard Medical School, making her the first woman appointed to the Harvard University faculty in any field. Her appointment was hailed by the New York Tribune with the headline: "A Woman on Harvard Faculty--The Last Citadel Has Fallen--The Sex Has Come Into Its Own". Her own comment was "Yes, I am the first woman on the Harvard faculty--but not the first one who should have been appointed!"  During her years at Harvard, from 1919 to her retirement in 1935, Hamilton never received a faculty promotion and held only a series of three-year appointments. At her request, the half-time appointments for which she taught one semester per year allowed her to continue her research and spend several months of each year at Hull House. Hamilton also faced discrimination as a woman. She was excluded from social activities, could not enter the Harvard Union, attend the Faculty Club, or receive a quota of football tickets. In addition, Hamilton was not allowed to march in the university's commencement ceremonies as the male faculty members did.  Hamilton became a successful fundraiser for Harvard as she continued to write and conduct research on the dangerous trades. In addition to publishing "landmark reports for the U.S. Department of Labor" on research related to workers in Arizona copper mines and stonecutters at Indiana's

user: Did Alice go to Medical school?

assistant: In January 1919 Hamilton accepted a position as assistant professor in a newly-formed Department of Industrial Medicine (and after 1925 the School of Public Health) at Harvard Medical School,

user: what else did she do there?

assistant: At her request, the half-time appointments for which she taught one semester per year allowed her to continue her research and spend several months of each year at Hull House.
Título: Magic Johnson
Seção: HIV announcement and Olympics (1991-1992)
Background: Earvin "Magic" Johnson Jr. (born August 14, 1959) is an American retired professional basketball player and current president of basketball operations of the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA). He played point guard for the Lakers for 13 seasons. After winning championships in high school and college, Johnson was selected first overall in the 1979 NBA draft by the Lakers. He won a championship and an NBA Finals Most Valuable Player Award in his rookie season, and won four more championships with the Lakers during the 1980s.

Conteúdo: After a physical before the 1991-92 NBA season, Johnson discovered that he had tested positive for HIV. In a press conference held on November 7, 1991, Johnson made a public announcement that he would retire immediately. He stated that his wife Cookie and their unborn child did not have HIV, and that he would dedicate his life to "battle this deadly disease". Johnson initially said that he did not know how he contracted the disease, but later acknowledged that it was through having multiple sexual partners during his playing career. At the time, only a small percentage of HIV-positive American men had contracted it from heterosexual sex, and it was initially rumored that Johnson was gay or bisexual, although he denied both. Johnson later accused Isiah Thomas of spreading the rumors, a claim Thomas denied. Johnson's HIV announcement became a major news story in the United States, and in 2004 was named as ESPN's seventh-most memorable moment of the past 25 years. Many articles praised Johnson as a hero, and former U.S. President George H. W. Bush said, "For me, Magic is a hero, a hero for anyone who loves sports."  Despite his retirement, Johnson was voted by fans as a starter for the 1992 NBA All-Star Game at Orlando Arena, although his former teammates Byron Scott and A. C. Green said that Johnson should not play, and several NBA players, including Utah Jazz forward Karl Malone, argued that they would be at risk of contamination if Johnson suffered an open wound while on cour

user: When did he announce that he had HIV?

assistant: In a press conference held on November 7, 1991,

user: What did he say about his diagnosis?

assistant: ". Johnson initially said that he did not know how he contracted the disease, but later acknowledged that it was through having multiple sexual partners during his playing career.
Título: Juan Manuel Fangio
Seção: Early racing career
Background: Fangio's grandfather, Giuseppe Fangio, emigrated to Buenos Aires from Italy in 1887. Giuseppe managed to buy his own farm near Balcarce within three years by making charcoal from tree branches. His father, Loreto, emigrated to Argentina from the small central Italian town of Castiglione Messer Marino in the Chieti province of the Abruzzo region. His mother, Herminia Deramo, was from Tornareccio, slightly to the north.

Conteúdo: After finishing his military service, Fangio opened his own garage and raced in local events. He began his racing career in Argentina in 1934, driving a 1929 Ford Model A, which he had rebuilt. These local events were unlike anything in Europe or North America, they were long-distance races held on mostly dirt roads up and down South America. During his time racing in Argentina, he drove Chevrolet cars and was Argentine National Champion in 1940 and 1941. One particular race, which he won in 1940, the Gran Premio del Norte, was almost 10,000 km long. This race started in Buenos Aires and ran up through the Andes to Lima, Peru and back again, taking nearly two weeks with stages held each day. Following many successes driving mainly modified American stock cars; he was funded by the Argentine Automobile Club and the Argentine government and sent to Europe in 1948 to continue his career.  In the Tourism Highway category, Fangio participated in his first race between 18 and 30 October 1938 as the co-pilot of Luis Finocchietti. Despite not winning the Argentine Road Grand Prix, Fangio drove most of the way and qualified in seventh place. In November of that year, he entered the "400 km of Tres Arroyos ", but it was suspended due to a fatal accident.  In 1939, the circuit was in Forest, which conformed well with his last involvement with a Ford V8. With Hector Tieri as his partner, they led Turismo Carretera that year with a Chevrolet, competing for the Argentine Grand Prix. Suspen

user: When  did his racing career begin?

assistant: He began his racing career in Argentina in 1934, driving a 1929 Ford Model A, which he had rebuilt.

user: did he perform well?

assistant: Following many successes driving mainly modified American stock cars;

user: what type of car did he drive in the Argentina race?

assistant: During his time racing in Argentina, he drove Chevrolet cars and was Argentine National Champion in 1940 and 1941.

user: was he a champion driver?

assistant: Fangio was crowned champion of Argentine TC.

user: did he travel?

assistant: In October, after 9500 km of competition in Argentina, Bolivia and Peru, he won his first race in Turismo Carretera, the Grand Prix International North.

user: did he have sponsors?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: did he drive with any others?

assistant: In the Tourism Highway category, Fangio participated in his first race between 18 and 30 October 1938 as the co-pilot of Luis Finocchietti.
Título: Stevie Ray Vaughan
Seção: Early years
Background: Stephen Ray Vaughan (October 3, 1954 - August 27, 1990) was an American musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer. In spite of a short-lived mainstream career spanning seven years, he was one of the most influential guitarists in the revival of blues in the 1980s. AllMusic describes him as "a rocking powerhouse of a guitarist who gave blues a burst of momentum in the '80s, with influence still felt long after his tragic death." Born and raised in Dallas, Texas, Vaughan began playing guitar at the age of seven, inspired by his older brother Jimmie.

Conteúdo: In May 1969, after leaving the Brooklyn Underground, Vaughan joined a band called the Southern Distributor. He had learned The Yardbirds' "Jeff's Boogie" and played the song at the audition. Mike Steinbach, the group's drummer, commented: "The kid was fourteen. We auditioned him on 'Jeff's Boogie,' really fast instrumental guitar, and he played it note for note." Although they played pop rock covers, Vaughan conveyed his interest in the addition of blues songs to the group's repertoire; he was told that he wouldn't earn a living playing blues music and the band parted ways. Later that year, bassist Tommy Shannon walked into a Dallas club and heard Vaughan playing guitar. Fascinated by the skillful playing, which he described as "incredible even then", Shannon borrowed a bass guitar and the two jammed. Within a few years, they began performing together in a band called Krackerjack.  In February 1970, Vaughan joined a band called Liberation, which was a nine-piece group with a horn section. Having spent the past month briefly playing bass with Jimmie in Texas Storm, he had originally auditioned as bassist. Impressed by Vaughan's guitar playing, Scott Phares, the group's original guitarist, modestly became the bassist. In mid-1970, they performed at the Adolphus Hotel in downtown Dallas, where ZZ Top asked them to perform. During Liberation's break, Vaughan jammed with ZZ Top on the Nightcaps song "Thunderbird". Phares later described the performance: "They tore the house down. 

user: When did Stevie get started?

assistant: 1969,

user: What was his first album?

assistant: 1970s,

user: Where did he grow up?

assistant: Brooklyn

user: When was he born?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Where did he attend school?

assistant: Justin F. Kimball High School

user: Did he go to college?

assistant: Southern Methodist University,
What happens if I get a traffic ticket in another state? 


Moving violations 
Your NY State Driver License will be suspended if you fail to answer a ticket for a moving violation in any state except Alaska, California, Michigan, Montana, Oregon or Wisconsin. Your license will remain suspended until you answer the ticket. Drivers from any state, except those from the six states listed above, will have their driver licenses suspended in their own state for failure to answer a moving violation in New York State. The New York State DMV does not record out - of - state convictions of moving traffic violations of New York State non - commercial licensed drivers, except for traffic offenses committed in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada. 

Alcohol and drug violations 


If you are 21 or older 
If you are 21 years of age or older when you commit an alcohol or drug related driving violation in any other state or the provinces of Ontario and Quebec in Canada and you are convicted of the violation , your New York State driver license will be revoked for at least 90 days. Out - of - state drivers ticketed in New York State should contact the Motor Vehicle Department of their own state or province about the effect of a conviction in New York State. 

If you are under 21 
If you are under the age of 21 when you commit an alcohol or drug related driving violation that occurs out - of - state and you are convicted of the violation , your New York State driver license will be revoked for at least one year. If you have any prior alcohol or drug related driving conviction , your license will be revoked for at least one year or until the age of 21, whichever is longer. 

Convictions for criminal negligence, homicide or assault 
The New York State DMV records the out - of - state convictions of any New York driver for criminal negligence, homicide, or assault, which arise out of the operation of a motor vehicle and which results in death. As a result of any of these convi

user: What happens if I get a traffic ticket in another state?

assistant: the Violations was in motion?

user: not

assistant: if the Rape was with alcohol and drugs?

user: it's not my case

assistant: Was Negligence Convictions?

user: yes

assistant: The New York State DMV records the out - of - state convictions of any New York driver for criminal negligence , homicide , or assault , which arise out of the operation of a motor vehicle and which results in death

assistant: do you want to know what is the result?
Título: Erich Mielke
Seção: Imprisonment
Background: Erich Mielke was born in a tenement in Berlin-Wedding, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, on 28 December 1907. During the First World War, the neighborhood was known as "Red Wedding" due to many residents' Marxist militancy. In a handwritten biography written for the Soviet secret police, Mielke described his father as "a poor, uneducated woodworker," and said that his mother died in 1911. Both were, he said, members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD).

Conteúdo: Mielke was then put on trial for ordering the shootings of East Germans who were trying to defect to the West. In November 1994, the presiding judge closed the proceedings, ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.  During his incarceration, at JVA Moabit corrections officers supplied Mielke with a red telephone like the one in his office at Stasi Headquarters. Although it was not connected to the outside world, Mielke enjoyed having imaginary conversations with non-existent Stasi agents. His other favorite pastime was watching game shows on television.  In 1995, parole officers and Mielke's attorneys argued that he was "totally confused" and obtained his release. At 87 years of age, Erich Mielke was Germany's oldest prison inmate and had been incarcerated for 1,904 days. Days before his release, the Public Prosecutor of Berlin announced that he was "not interested in chasing an 87 year old man anymore" and that all further prosecution of Mielke had been indefinitely suspended.  According to Koehler:  [Mielke's] bank account, which held more than 300,000 marks (about US $187,500), was confiscated. Before his arrest in 1989, the most feared man in East Germany had lived in a luxurious home with access to an indoor pool. In addition, he owned a palatial hunting villa, complete with a movie theater, trophy room, 60 servants, and a 15,000 acre hunting preserve. After he was released from prison Mielke was obliged to move into a two room, 600-square-foot flat. Like a

user: When was Mielke imprisoned?

assistant: 1989,

user: What crime was he convicted of?

assistant: ruling that Mielke was not mentally fit to stand trial.

user: How long was Mielke imprisoned?

assistant: 1,904 days.

user: What happened during his imprisonment?

assistant: Mielke enjoyed having imaginary conversations with non-existent Stasi agents.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant:   [Mielke's] bank account, which held more than 300,000 marks (about US $187,500), was confiscated.
Título: Richard III of England
Seção: In culture
Background: Richard was born on 2 October 1452 at Fotheringhay Castle, the twelfth of thirteen children of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Cecily Neville at the beginning of what has traditionally been labelled the "Wars of the Roses", a period of "three or four decades of political instability and periodic open civil war in the second half of the fifteenth century", between supporters of Richard's father (a potential claimant to the throne of King Henry VI from birth)--"Yorkists"--in opposition to the regime of Henry VI and his wife, Margaret of Anjou, and those loyal to the crown ("Lancastrians"). When his father and the Nevilles were forced to flee to Ludlow in 1459, Richard and his older brother, George (later Duke of Clarence), were placed in the custody of the Duchess of Buckingham, and the Archbishop of Canterbury. When his father and elder brother Edmund, Earl of Rutland, were killed at the Battle of Wakefield on 30 December 1460, Richard, who was eight years old, and George were sent by his mother, the Duchess of York, to the Low Countries. They returned to England following the defeat of the Lancastrians at the Battle of Towton and participated in the coronation of Richard's eldest brother as King Edward IV in June 1461.

Conteúdo: Apart from Shakespeare, Richard appears in many other works of literature. Two other plays of the Elizabethan era predated Shakespeare's work. The Latin-language drama Richardus Tertius (first known performance in 1580) by Thomas Legge is believed to be the first history play written in England. The anonymous play The True Tragedy of Richard III (c. 1590), performed in the same decade as Shakespeare's work, was probably an influence on Shakespeare. Neither of the two plays places any emphasis on Richard's physical appearance, though the True Tragedy briefly mentions that he is "A man ill shaped, crooked backed, lame armed" adding that he is "valiantly minded, but tyrannous in authority". Both portray him as a man motivated by personal ambition, who uses everyone around him to get his way. Ben Jonson is also known to have written a play Richard Crookback in 1602, but it was never published and nothing is known about its portrayal of the king.  Marjorie Bowen's 1929 novel Dickon set the trend for pro-Ricardian literature. Particularly influential was The Daughter of Time (1951) by Josephine Tey, in which a modern detective concludes that Richard III is innocent in the death of the Princes. Other novelists such as Valerie Anand in the novel Crown of Roses (1989) have also offered alternative versions to the theory that he murdered them. Sharon Kay Penman, in her historical novel The Sunne in Splendour, attributes the death of the Princes to the Duke of Buckingham. In the mystery

user: What was his culture like

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Nomeansno
Seção: With Andy Kerr, You Kill Me, Small Parts Isolated and Destroyed (1983-1989)
Background: Nomeansno (sometimes stylized as NoMeansNo or spelled No Means No) was a Canadian punk rock band formed in Victoria, British Columbia and later relocated to Vancouver. They issued ten LPs, one collaborative LP, numerous EPs and singles, and gained an international audience following extensive touring. Critic Martin Popoff described their music as "the mightiest merger between the hateful aggression of punk and the discipline of heavy metal."

Conteúdo: The Infamous Scientists disbanded, and their guitarist and vocalist Andy Kerr joined Nomeansno in 1983. Kerr brought a distinct hardcore punk edge to Nomeansno's sound, creating a buzz-saw guitar tone by playing through a Fender Bassman amplifier and a P.A. speaker. Nomeansno became a fixture in the British Columbia punk scene despite playing music which did not always conform to punk rock standards. The You Kill Me EP in 1985 on the Undergrowth Records imprint exhibited their experimental sound on dark and ponderous songs like "Body Bag" and a "tuneless" cover of "Manic Depression" by Jimi Hendrix. The three also began performing Ramones covers and more traditional punk music as The Hanson Brothers, a side project which would later receive more of their attention.  Issued initially by the Montreal punk label Psyche Industry, the band released Sex Mad, their second LP and first with Kerr. The album further expanded the band's experimental and progressive punk sound, yielding the single "Dad". The song was a minor college radio hit, which AllMusic reviewer Adam Bregman called "a bit chilling, even though it's spit out at slam-pit's pace". Kerr, the song's lead vocalist, increasingly became responsible for lead vocals as Rob Wright suffered from nodules on his vocal cords. They soon signed with the seminal punk rock label Alternative Tentacles, run by Jello Biafra of the Dead Kennedys. This, along with frequent touring in North America and Europe, helped the band to garner a la

user: Did they release any albums during this time?

assistant: The You Kill Me EP in 1985

user: What songs were from that album?

assistant: exhibited their experimental sound on dark and ponderous songs like "Body Bag" and a "tuneless" cover of "Manic Depression" by Jimi Hendrix.

user: Did people enjoy their music?

assistant: This, along with frequent touring in North America and Europe, helped the band to garner a larger audience.

user: Did they write their own songs?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Who is Andy Kerr?

assistant: their guitarist and vocalist Andy Kerr

user: What important event happened during those years?

assistant: The three also began performing Ramones covers and more traditional punk music as The Hanson Brothers, a side project which would later receive more of their attention.
Título: Ed Barrow
Seção: Return to baseball
Background: Barrow was born in Springfield, Illinois, the oldest of four children, all male, born to Effie Ann Vinson-Heller and John Barrow. Barrow's father fought in the Ohio Volunteer Militia during the American Civil War. Following the war, Barrow's parents, with John's mother, brothers, and sisters, traveled in a covered wagon to Nebraska; Barrow was born on a hemp plantation belonging to relatives during the trip. The Barrows lived in Nebraska for six years before moving to Des Moines, Iowa.

Conteúdo: Barrow returned to baseball in 1910, managing Montreal. The Eastern League hired Barrow as its president the next year, giving him an annual salary of $7,500 ($196,982 in current dollar terms). He served in this role from 1911 through 1917, and engineered the name change to "International League" before the 1912 season. As league president, he contended with the creation of the Federal League in 1914, which competed as a major league, and established franchises in International League cities, including Newark, New Jersey, Buffalo, New York, and Baltimore, Maryland. He attempted to gain major league status for the league in 1914, but was unsuccessful. When the Federal League collapsed, Barrow was the only league president to forbid the outlaw players from playing in his league.  After the 1917 season, Barrow attempted to organize the "Union League", to compete against the AL and NL as a third major league, by merging four International League clubs with four teams from the American Association. Several International League owners opposed Barrow's policies, including his attempt to form the Union League, and felt he was too close personally to Ban Johnson. When the league's owners voted to cut his pay to $2,500 after the 1917 season ($47,753 in current dollar terms), Barrow resigned.  Barrow became manager of the Boston Red Sox in 1918. As the team lost many of its better players during World War I, Barrow encouraged owner Harry Frazee to purchase Stuffy McInnis, Wally Schang, 

user: What year did he return to baseball?

assistant: 1910,

user: What had he been doing before that?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did the return to baseball involve?

assistant: managing Montreal.

user: How did Montreal do under his management?

assistant: He served in this role from 1911 through 1917, and engineered the name change to "International League" before the 1912 season.
Título: Placebo (band)
Seção: Formation (1994-1995)
Background: Placebo is an alternative rock band, formed in London, England in 1994 by singer-guitarist Brian Molko and guitarist-bassist Stefan Olsdal. The band were soon joined by drummer Robert Schultzberg, who left in 1996 due to conflicts with Molko and was replaced the same year by Steve Hewitt. Placebo gained exposure in 1997, after releasing "Nancy Boy", a song which Brian Molko described as "obscene". The band has sparked controversy at the beginning of their career because Molko wore dresses and make-up in public and talked openly about sex, sexuality and drug use.

Conteúdo: Placebo founders Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal had both attended the American International School of Luxembourg, without speaking to each other, as they were part of different social circles. The two met by chance in 1994, in London, England. At the time, Olsdal was taking guitar lessons and was on his way home when he met Molko at the South Kensington tube station. Molko, observing that Olsdal had a guitar strapped to his back, invited Olsdal to watch him perform at a local gig. On the strength of Molko's performance, Olsdal decided that they should start a band. The two formed as Ashtray Heart, named after the Captain Beefheart song of the same name. Molko, however, denied in 2009 that Ashtray Heart was the first name of the band, dismissing this as a rumour and claiming that the band had more names initially.  Originally, the two were unable to decide on a drummer. They played for a while with Steve Hewitt, a friend of Molko, but Hewitt had prior commitments to local band Breed. Robert Schultzberg assumed the position of drummer in late 1994.  The band eventually chose the name Placebo, due to its meaning in Latin, "I shall please". Molko has frequently stated in interviews that the name is a rejoinder to the 1990s cliche of naming one's band after a drug. In an interview, Molko stated:  It's a complex question to answer, really. As musicians you try to find a name for your band that represents you and you never really do, because, basically, names for bands lose their me

user: Who formed the original band?

assistant: Brian Molko and Stefan Olsdal

user: Where was the band originally from?

assistant: The two met by chance in 1994, in London, England.
Título: Sherman Alexie
Seção: Childhood
Background: Sherman Joseph Alexie, Jr. (born October 7, 1966) is a Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-American novelist, short story writer, poet, and filmmaker. His writings draw on his experiences as an Indigenous American with ancestry from several tribes. He grew up on the Spokane Indian Reservation and now lives in Seattle, Washington. His best-known book is The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven (1993), a collection of short stories.

Conteúdo: Alexie was born on October 7, 1966, at Sacred Heart Hospital in Spokane, Washington. As a little child he lived on the Spokane Indian Reservation, located west of Spokane. His father, Sherman Joseph Alexie, was a member of the Coeur d'Alene tribe, and his mother, Lillian Agnes Cox, was of Colville, Choctaw, Spokane and European American ancestry. One of his paternal great-grandfathers was of Russian descent. Alexie was born with hydrocephalus, a condition that occurs when there is an abnormally large amount of cerebral fluid in the cranial cavity. He had to have brain surgery when he was six months old, and was at high risk of death or mental disabilities if he survived. Alexie's surgery was successful; he suffered no mental damage but had other side effects.  His parents were alcoholics though his mother was a sober alcoholic. His father often left the house on drinking binges for days at a time. To support her six children, Alexie's mother, Lillian, sewed quilts, worked as a clerk at the Wellpinit Trading Post and had some other jobs.  Alexie has described his life at the reservation school as challenging because he was constantly teased by other kids as well as endured abuse he described as "torture" from teachers who were white nuns. They called him "The Globe" because his head was larger than usual, due to the hydrocephalus as an infant. Until the age of seven, Alexie suffered from seizures and bedwetting; he had to take strong drugs to control them. Because of his healt

user: Where did Sherman Alexie grow up?

assistant: As a little child he lived on the Spokane Indian Reservation, located west of Spokane.

user: Was he an only child?

assistant: To support her six children, Alexie's mother, Lillian, sewed quilts,

user: Was he the youngest child in the family?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Rem Koolhaas
Seção: European Flag proposal
Background: Remment Lucas "Rem" Koolhaas (Dutch pronunciation: [rem ko:lha:s]; born 17 November 1944) is a Dutch architect, architectural theorist, urbanist and Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard University. Koolhaas studied at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London and at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. Koolhaas is the founding partner of OMA, and of its research-oriented counterpart AMO based in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In 2005, he co-founded Volume Magazine together with Mark Wigley and Ole Bouman.

Conteúdo: Following the signing of Treaties of Nice in May 2001, which made Brussels the de facto capital of the European Union, the then President of the European Commission, Romano Prodi and the Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt invited Koolhaas to discuss the necessities and requirements of a European capital.  During these talks and as an impetus for further discussion, Koolhaas and his think-tank AMO - an independent part of OMA - suggested the development of a visual language. This idea inspired a series of drawings and drafts, including the "Barcode". The barcode seeks to unite the flags of the EU member countries into a single, colourful symbol. In the current European flag, there is a fixed number of stars. In the barcode however, new Member States of the EU can be added without space constraints. Originally, the barcode displayed 15 EU countries. In 2004, the symbol was adapted to include the ten new Member States.  Since the time of the first drafts of the barcode it has very rarely been officially used by commercial or political institutions. During the Austrian EU Presidency 2006, it was officially used for the first time. The logo was used for the EU information campaign, but was very negatively criticized. In addition to the initial uproar caused by the Estonian flag stripes being displayed incorrectly, the proposed flag failed to achieve its main objective as a symbol. Critics pointed the lack of capability to relate the signified (the mental concept, the European 

user: What was the proposal?

assistant: barcode seeks to unite the flags of the EU member countries into a single, colourful symbol.

user: When was the proposal proposed

assistant: In 2004, the symbol was adapted to include the ten new Member States.