Título: Eileen J. Garrett
Seção: Clairvoyance tests
Background: Eileen Jeanette Vancho Lyttle Garrett (17 March 1893 - 15 September 1970) was an Irish medium and parapsychologist. Garrett's alleged psychic abilities were tested in the 1930s by Joseph Rhine and others. Rhine claimed that she had genuine psychic abilities, but subsequent studies were unable to replicate his results, and Garrett's abilities were later shown to be consistent with chance guessing. Garrett elicited controversy after the R101 crash, when she held a series of seances at the National Laboratory of Psychical Research claiming to be in contact with victims of the disaster.

Conteúdo: Garrett took part in "clairvoyance" tests. One of the tests was organized by Joseph Rhine at Duke University in 1933 which involved Zener cards. Certain symbols that were placed on the cards and sealed in an envelope, and participants were asked to guess their contents. She performed poorly and later criticized the tests by claiming the cards lacked a psychic energy called "energy stimulus" and that she could not perform clairvoyance to order.  The parapsychologist Samuel Soal and his colleagues tested Garrett in May 1937. Most of the experiments were carried out in the Psychological Laboratory at the University College London. A total of over 12,000 guesses were recorded but Garrett failed to produce above chance level. In his report Soal wrote:  In the case of Mrs. Eileen Garrett we fail to find the slightest confirmation of Dr. J. B. Rhine's remarkable claims relating to her alleged powers of extra-sensory perception. Not only did she fail when I took charge of the experiments, but she failed equally when four other carefully trained experimenters took my place.  The experiments of Rhine and the Zener cards used in the 1930s were discovered to contain procedural errors and flaws, the results have not replicated when the experiments have been conducted in other laboratories. Science writer Terence Hines has written "the methods used to prevent subjects from gaining hints and clues as to the design on the cards were far from adequate." Leonard Zusne and Warren Jones wrote "t

user: Who first tested Garret's abilities?

assistant: One of the tests was organized by Joseph Rhine at Duke University in 1933 which involved Zener cards.

user: Describe the test?

assistant: Certain symbols that were placed on the cards and sealed in an envelope, and participants were asked to guess their contents.

user: What were the results of the test?

assistant: She performed poorly and later criticized the tests by claiming the cards lacked a psychic energy called "energy stimulus" and that she could not perform clairvoyance to order.

user: What other tests were done?

assistant: The parapsychologist Samuel Soal and his colleagues tested Garrett in May 1937.

user: How was this test performed?

assistant: Most of the experiments were carried out in the Psychological Laboratory at the University College London.

user: How did those tests go for Eileen?

assistant: A total of over 12,000 guesses were recorded but Garrett failed to produce above chance level.

user: Were there later tests?

assistant: Not only did she fail when I took charge of the experiments, but she failed equally when four other carefully trained experimenters took my place.

user: Were there any other comments about her failure?

assistant: The experiments of Rhine and the Zener cards used in the 1930s were discovered to contain procedural errors and flaws,