dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Joker (character)
Seção: Golden Age
Background: The Joker is a fictional supervillain created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman (April 25, 1940), published by DC Comics. Credit for the Joker's creation is disputed; Kane and Robinson claimed responsibility for the Joker's design, while acknowledging Finger's writing contribution. Although the Joker was planned to be killed off during his initial appearance, he was spared by editorial intervention, allowing the character to endure as the archenemy of the superhero Batman. In his comic book appearances, the Joker is portrayed as a criminal mastermind.

Conteúdo: The Joker debuted in Batman #1 (Spring 1940) as the eponymous character's first villain, shortly after Batman's debut in Detective Comics #27 (May 1939). The Joker initially appeared as a remorseless serial killer, modeled after a joker playing card with a mirthless grin, who killed his victims with "Joker venom": a toxin which left their faces smiling grotesquely. The character was intended to be killed in his second appearance in Batman #1, after being stabbed in the heart. Finger wanted the Joker to die because of his concern that recurring villains would make Batman appear inept, but was overruled by then-editor Whitney Ellsworth; a hastily drawn panel, indicating that the Joker was still alive, was added to the comic. The Joker went on to appear in nine of Batman's first twelve issues.  The character's regular appearances quickly defined him as the archenemy of the dynamic duo, Batman and Robin; he killed dozens of people, and even derailed a train. By issue #13, Kane's work on the syndicated Batman newspaper strip left him little time for the comic book; artist Dick Sprang assumed his duties, and editor Jack Schiff collaborated with Finger on stories. Around the same time, DC Comics found it easier to market its stories to children without the more mature pulp elements that had originated many superhero comics. During this period, the first changes in the Joker began to appear, portraying him more as a prankster than threat; when he kidnaps Robin, Batman pays the ransom

user: What was the Joker first introduced as?

assistant: ). The Joker initially appeared as a remorseless serial killer,

user: When did the golden age begin?

assistant: The Joker debuted in Batman #1

user: What was the Joker?

assistant: modeled after a joker playing card with a mirthless grin, who killed his victims with "Joker venom":

user: Did the Joker kell victims with anything else?

assistant: he killed dozens of people, and even derailed a train.

user: What did the Joke do to Batman?

assistant: he kidnaps Robin,
Título: Susan Boyle
Seção: Britain's Got Talent (2008-2009)
Background: Susan Magdalane Boyle (born 1 April 1961) is a Scottish singer who came to international attention when she appeared as a contestant on the TV programme Britain's Got Talent on 11 April 2009, singing "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Miserables. Her first album, I Dreamed a Dream, was released in November 2009 and became the UK's best-selling debut album of all time, beating the previous record held by Spirit by Leona Lewis. I Dreamed a Dream set a record for biggest first week sales by a debut album, according to the Official Chart Company in the United Kingdom.

Conteúdo: In August 2008, Boyle applied for an audition for the third series of Britain's Got Talent (as contestant number 43212) and was accepted after a preliminary audition in Glasgow. When Boyle first appeared on Britain's Got Talent at the city's Clyde Auditorium, she said that she aspired to become a professional singer "as successful as Elaine Paige". Boyle sang "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Miserables in the first round, which was watched by over 10 million viewers when it aired on 11 April 2009. Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent "biggest wake-up call ever" upon hearing her performance.  Boyle was "absolutely gobsmacked" by the strength of the reaction to her appearance. Afterwards, Paige expressed interest in singing a duet with Boyle, and called her "a role model for everyone who has a dream". Boyle's rendition of "I Dreamed a Dream" was credited with causing a surge in ticket sales in the Vancouver production of Les Miserables. Cameron Mackintosh, the producer of the musical, also praised the performance, as "heart-touching, thrilling and uplifting".  Boyle was one of 40 acts that were put through to the semi-finals. She appeared last on the first semi-final on 24 May 2009, performing "Memory" from the musical Cats. In the public vote, she was the act to receive the highest number of votes to go through to the final. She was the clear favourite to win the final, but ended up in second place to dance troup

user: when did she first try out for britains got talent?

assistant: In August 2008, Boyle applied for an audition for the third series of Britain's Got Talent

user: did she get in the first time?

assistant: was accepted after a preliminary audition in Glasgow.

user: did she have any problems with the audition?

assistant: Programme judge Amanda Holden remarked upon the audience's initially cynical attitude, and the subsequent "biggest wake-up call ever" upon hearing her performance.

user: how did the fans react to her?

assistant: Boyle was "absolutely gobsmacked" by the strength of the reaction to her appearance.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The Press Complaints Commission (PCC) became concerned by press reports about Boyle's erratic behaviour and speculation about her mental condition

user: what was wrong with her mental condition?

assistant: Her family said "she's been battered non-stop for the last seven weeks and it has taken its toll [...
Título: Florence Nightingale
Seção: Statistics and sanitary reform
Background: Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 into a rich, upper-class, well-connected British family at the Villa Colombaia, in Florence, Tuscany, Italy, and was named after the city of her birth. Florence's older sister Frances Parthenope had similarly been named after her place of birth, Parthenope, a Greek settlement now part of the city of Naples. The family moved back to England in 1821, with Nightingale being brought up in the family's homes at Embley, Hampshire and Lea Hurst, Derbyshire. Florence inherited a liberal-humanitarian outlook from both sides of her family.

Conteúdo: Florence Nightingale exhibited a gift for mathematics from an early age and excelled in the subject under the tutelage of her father. Later, Nightingale became a pioneer in the visual presentation of information and statistical graphics. She used methods such as the pie chart, which had first been developed by William Playfair in 1801. While taken for granted now, it was at the time a relatively novel method of presenting data.  Indeed, Nightingale is described as "a true pioneer in the graphical representation of statistics", and is credited with developing a form of the pie chart now known as the polar area diagram, or occasionally the Nightingale rose diagram, equivalent to a modern circular histogram, to illustrate seasonal sources of patient mortality in the military field hospital she managed. Nightingale called a compilation of such diagrams a "coxcomb", but later that term would frequently be used for the individual diagrams. She made extensive use of coxcombs to present reports on the nature and magnitude of the conditions of medical care in the Crimean War to Members of Parliament and civil servants who would have been unlikely to read or understand traditional statistical reports. In 1859, Nightingale was elected the first female member of the Royal Statistical Society. In 1874 she became an honorary member of the American Statistical Association.  Her attention turned to the health of the British army in India and she demonstrated that bad drainage, contaminated w

user: did she ever receive backlash

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Was her work considered imorral

assistant: Nightingale is described as "a true pioneer

user: did she ever receive threats to shut her down

assistant: Commission of 1868-9 presented Nightingale with an opportunity to press for compulsory sanitation
Título: Vinnie Paz
Seção: Jedi Mind Tricks
Background: Vincenzo Luvineri (born October 5, 1977), better known as Vinnie Paz (formerly known as Ikon the Verbal Hologram), is an Italian American rapper and the lyricist behind the Philadelphia underground hip hop group Jedi Mind Tricks. He is also the frontman of the hip hop supergroup Army of the Pharaohs. Paz is known for his raw and gritty lyrical delivery. His lyrics frequently contain references to religion, war, politics, mythology, conspiracy theories, and the paranormal.

Conteúdo: Paz formed Jedi Mind Tricks with high school friend Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind, a producer and DJ also from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1993. They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe through the Label Superegular Records, which featured three original tracks, two remixes and one instrumental all produced by Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind. Jedi Mind Tricks' first official album came out the following year. It was called The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness, "The Psycho-Social" for short. The album originally sold 1000 vinyl copies through Superegular Records, but was re-released in 2003 to combine for 25,000 sales. The album focuses mostly on astronomy, history and physics.  Jedi Mind Tricks added two new members DJ Kwestion from Philadelphia in 1997, and Jus Allah from Camden, New Jersey in 1999. They went on to record seven studio albums with sales totaling over 250,000 in the US and 450,000 worldwide (only some including Jus Allah and DJ Kwestion). They also recorded fourteen EPs/singles.  The group has collaborated with many other mostly underground east coast rappers including GZA, Kool G Rap, 7L & Esoteric, Sean Price, Ras Kass, Canibus, Percee P, Killah Priest, Immortal Technique, Virtuoso, Louis Logic, R.A. the Rugged Man, Tragedy Khadafi, and Ill Bill.  After a falling out with Babygrande Records, the group created their own record label called Enemy Soil. They produce for artists such as Reef t

user: How is Paz connected to Jedi Mind Tricks?

assistant: Paz formed Jedi Mind Tricks with high school friend Stoupe

user: Did they perform?

assistant: They released their first EP in 1996 called Amber Probe through the Label

user: Was this successful?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What else is significant about the band?

assistant: It was called The Psycho-Social, Chemical, Biological & Electro-Magnetic Manipulation of Human Consciousness, "

user: What else is significant about this time?

assistant: "The Psycho-Social" for short. The album originally sold 1000 vinyl copies through Superegular Records, but

user: What else?

assistant: but was re-released in 2003 to combine for 25,000 sales. The album focuses mostly on astronomy, history and physics.
Master Promissory Note (MPN) for Graduate/Professional Students 
The MPN is a legal document in which you promise to repay your loan and any accrued interest and fees to the U.S. Department of Education. It also explains the terms and conditions of your loan .Graduate / professional students may be eligible for both Direct Unsubsidized Loans and Direct PLUS Loans, which have different MPNs. You may receive more than one loan under an MPN over a period of up to 10 years to pay for your educational costs, as long as the school is authorized to use the MPN in this way and chooses to do so. Your school will tell you which loans, if any, you are eligible to receive. 

MPN for Subsidized and Unsubsidized Loans 
Use this MPN for Direct Unsubsidized Loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct PLUS Loans. Download PDF Preview Read Only LOG IN TO START View Demo 

MPN for Direct PLUS Loans 
Use this MPN for Direct PLUS Loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct Unsubsidized Loans. Download PDF Preview Read Only LOG IN TO START View Demo 

Who should complete this? 


30 Minutes 


How long will it take? 


What do I need? 
Verified username and password FSA ID School Name Permanent/Mailing Address Contact Information Employer Information Reference Information Return to the MPN Selection Page Close Yes Close Yes 

user: Hello i would like to get information about Master Promissory Note (MPN) for graduate students


assistant: The MPN is a legal document that promises to pay your loan and accrued interest and fees to the US Department of Education, it also explains the terms and conditions of your loan. Graduate / professional students may be eligible for both unsubsidized direct loans and direct PLUS loans, which have different MPNs.


user: What I need?


assistant: first thing is verified username and password FSA ID


user: and can you receive more than one loan?


assistant: You can receive more than one loan under an MPN over a period of up to 10 years to pay your educational costs, as long as the school is authorized to use the MPN in this way and decides to do so.


user: and for unsubsidized loans?


assistant: Use this MPN for unsubsidized direct loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for Direct PLUS loans.


user: And what do I use for direct PLUS loans?


assistant: Use this MPN for direct PLUS loans available to eligible graduate / professional students. You may also need to complete an MPN for unsubsidized direct loans.
Get a CDL[1] 
Follow these steps to get your first time New York State commercial driver license CDL. 

Step 1: Have a New York State driver license (Class D, Class E, or Non-CDL C) or a valid CDL from another state 
Get the New York State Commercial Driver's Manual [2] CDL-10 online or from a DMV office [3] or call center. [ 4] Study the sections of the manual that apply to the type of CDL you need. The sections of the manual that you need to study are explained in the manual. The manual describes the classes, the restrictions, and the endorsements of CDLs. This information is also included on the Driver License Class Descriptions PDF [5] MV-500C. 

Step 2: Apply for a commercial learner permit at a DMV office 
You must pass the written test for the CDL that you need. There is an application fee of $10.00. This fee allows you to take all written tests knowledge and endorsement required for permit and license issuance applied for which are taken at the same time. There will be an additional $5 fee for any other required tests not taken and passed at the time of initial application. There is a fee of $40.00 to take the CDL road test skills test. You can pay the road test fee when the DMV office issues your commercial learner permit , or you can pay the fee online [6]. You must pay the fee before you can schedule your road test. When you apply for an New York State CDL Class A, B, or C , you must certify that You did not hold a driver license in any state or in the District of Columbia except New York in the last 10 years or you must report every US state or the District of Columbia where you held a driver license in the last 10 years. You meet the Federal medical examination requirements see Medical Certification Requirements [7] for more information. You must also prove your legal presence in the United States. IMPORTANT : DMV now offers three types of license / permit documents. Learn more about enhanced, REAL ID and standard documents [8]. 

Know what to bring t

user: how to get a CDL

assistant: Follow these steps to get your first time New York State commercial driver license CDL
Remove a lienholder from a title[1] 


How to remove a lienholder from a title certificate 
PLEASE NOTE: When you sell a vehicle , you do not need to remove a lien from the certificate of title. You can give the original title and the original lien release to the buyer. If you want to get a lien free title , please read below for further instructions. To remove a lien , you do not need to go to your local DMV. Just mail these items proof that the lien was satisfied must be the original - photocopies are not accepted your current title certificate must be the original photocopies not accepted check or money order for $20.00 payable to " Commissioner of Motor Vehicles " Lien ReleaseNYS DMV Title Services6 Empire State PlazaAlbany , NY 12228 - 0331 The DMV will mail your certificate of title that does not list the lien in 60 to 90 days. The title certificate must be mailed to you ; a DMV office cannot give you the title certificate. 

What are acceptable proof that a lien is satisfied? 
There are two acceptable proofs. You can provide the DMV either Notice of Recorded Lien MV-901. The lienholder can send this to you. An authorized officer of the lienholder must sign the form and indicate that the lien is satisfied. A letter from the lienholder. The lienholder must print the letter on the official letterhead of the loan company , and an authorized officer must sign the letter. The letter must identify the vehicle and indicate that the lien is satisfied. If the lienholder is a person and not a loan company , the letter must be notarized. 

Can I transfer a title certificate that has a lien listed? 
You can transfer the title certificate and give the new owner the original proof that any lien listed on the title certificate was satisfied. Keep a copy of the proof for your records. When the new owner applies for a registration and title certificate , DMV receives the title certificate and the proof that the lien is satisfied. When the DMV processes the title certificate 

user: How do I remove a lienholder from a title certificate? 

assistant: Are you looking for information on how to remove a lienholder from a title certificate? 

user: Yes, that is correct.

assistant: Did you recently sell a vehicle?

user: No, I did not sell a vehicle.

assistant: Would you like to receive a lien free title?

user: Yes, I am looking to get a lien free title.

assistant: You need to mail in proof of the original lien. Your current title certificate must be the original copy, we cannot accept photocopies.
Título: Hugh Trevor-Roper
Seção: English Civil War
Background: Hugh Redwald Trevor-Roper, Baron Dacre of Glanton, FBA (15 January 1914 - 26 January 2003), was a British historian of early modern Britain and Nazi Germany. He was Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford. Trevor-Roper was made a life peer in 1979 on the recommendation of Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, choosing the title Baron Dacre of Glanton. Trevor-Roper was a polemicist and essayist on a wide range of historical topics, but particularly England in the 16th and 17th centuries and Nazi Germany.

Conteúdo: In November 1945, Trevor-Roper was ordered by Dick White, the then head of counter-intelligence in the British sector of Berlin, to investigate the circumstances of Adolf Hitler's death, and to rebut the Soviet propaganda that Hitler was alive and living in the West. Using the alias of "Major Oughton", Trevor-Roper interviewed or prepared questions for several officials, high and low, who had been present in the Fuhrerbunker with Hitler, and who had been able to escape to the West, including Bernd Freytag von Loringhoven.  For the most part Trevor-Roper relied on investigations and interviews by hundreds of British, American and Canadian intelligence officers. He did not have access to Soviet materials. Working rapidly, Trevor-Roper drafted his report, which served as the basis for his most famous book, The Last Days of Hitler in which he described the last ten days of Hitler's life, and the fates of some of the higher-ranking members of the inner circle as well of key lesser figures. Trevor-Roper transformed the evidence into a literary work, with sardonic humour and drama, and was much influenced by the prose styles of two of his favourite historians, Edward Gibbon and Lord Macaulay.  The book was cleared by British officials in 1946 for publication as soon as the war crimes trials ended. It was published in English in 1947; six English editions and many foreign language editions followed. According to American journalist Ron Rosenbaum, Trevor-Roper received a letter from L

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: In November 1945, Trevor-Roper was ordered by Dick White, the then head of counter-intelligence in the British sector of Berlin,

user: What part did he play in the English Civil War?

assistant: In Trevor-Roper's opinion, the dispute between the Puritans and the Arminians was a major, although not the sole, cause of the English Civil War.
Título: Billy Southworth
Seção: Early life and playing career
Background: William Harold Southworth (March 9, 1893 - November 15, 1969) was an American right fielder, center fielder and manager in Major League Baseball (MLB). Playing in 1913 and 1915 and from 1918 to 1929, he batted left-handed and threw right-handed. Southworth managed in 1929 and from 1940 through 1951.

Conteúdo: Southworth was born in Harvard, Nebraska, to Orlando and Marriah Southworth. He was raised in Columbus, Ohio. He had four older brothers who played baseball. Before he was old enough to play with them, Southworth would give his old socks to his brothers so they could create makeshift balls. Southworth decided to play baseball against his father's wishes. Orlando Southworth had wanted his son to attend college. At the age of 19, he signed a contract with the Portsmouth team in the Ohio State League. He joined the Cleveland Indians in 1913, but only appeared in one game, entering as a replacement on defense.  In 1914, Southworth married Lida Brooks. She was a minister's daughter and they had met while Southworth was playing for Portsmouth. The couple's son, William Brooks Southworth, was born during Southworth's early playing career. Billy Southworth, Jr. later became a professional baseball player for several seasons. The elder Southworth returned to the Cleveland Indians in 1915 and appeared in 60 games. He played for the Birmingham Barons in 1917 and part of 1918, when he made the Pittsburgh Pirates and played in 64 major league games.  Southworth played more regularly in 1919, appearing in 121 games and leading the league with 14 triples. With the exception of two seasons, Southworth played in at least that many games through 1926. In 1926, Southworth's offensive production increased and he finished the season with a .320 batting average, 16 home runs and 99 RBI. He ran int

user: Where did Southworth grow up?

assistant: He was raised in Columbus, Ohio.

user: Did he have any siblings?

assistant: He had four older brothers who played baseball.

user: What did his parents do?

assistant: Southworth was born in Harvard, Nebraska, to Orlando and Marriah Southworth.

user: When was he born?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Boston (band)
Seção: Departure of Delp; Walk On (1989-1996)
Background: Boston is an American rock band from Boston, Massachusetts, who had their most notable successes during the 1970s and 1980s. Centered on multi-instrumentalist founder and leader Tom Scholz, the band is a staple of classic rock radio playlists. Boston's best-known works include the songs "More Than a Feeling", "Peace of Mind", "Foreplay/Long Time", "Rock and Roll Band", "Smokin'", "Don't Look Back", "A Man I'll Never Be", and "Amanda". They have sold more than 75 million records worldwide, including 31 million albums in the United States, of which 17 million were from their self-titled debut album and seven million were for their second album,

Conteúdo: Tom Scholz first started writing music in 1969 while he was attending Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he wrote an instrumental, titled "Foreplay". While attending MIT, Scholz joined the band Freehold, where he met guitarist Barry Goudreau and drummer Jim Masdea, who would later become members of Boston. Vocalist Brad Delp was added to the collective in 1970. After graduating with a master's degree, Scholz worked for Polaroid, where he used his salary to build a recording studio in his basement, and to finance demo tapes recorded in professional recording studios. These early demo tapes were recorded with (at various times) Delp on vocals, Goudreau on guitar, Masdea on drums, and Scholz on guitar, bass and keyboards. The demo tapes were sent to record companies, but received consistent rejections. In 1973 Scholz formed the band Mother's Milk with Delp, Goudreau, and Masdea. That group disbanded by 1974, but Scholz subsequently worked with Masdea and Delp to produce six new demos, including "More Than a Feeling", "Peace of Mind", "Rock and Roll Band", "Something About You" (then entitled "Life Isn't Easy"), "Hitch a Ride" (then entitled "San Francisco Day"), and "Don't Be Afraid". Scholz stated they finished four of the six by the end of 1974, and they finished "More Than a Feeling" and "Something About You" in 1975. Scholz played all the instruments on the demos, except for the drums, which were played by Masdea, and used self-designed pedals to create the d

user: What happened in 1989?

assistant: By spring 1990, Scholz was back in the studio working on the band's fourth studio album.

user: what was that album called?

assistant: Delp co-wrote with Scholz and David Sikes the song "Walk On", which eventually became the title track of the new album.

user: was the album successful?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: did they produce any other music?

assistant: "More Than a Feeling", "Peace of Mind", "Rock and Roll Band", "Something About You" (

user: were any of these on the charts?

assistant: final demo tape attracted the attention of promoters Paul Ahern and Charlie McKenzie.

user: what happened with the promoters?

assistant: attracted the attention of promoters
To apply for a child... 
You will need to complete an Application for Supplemental Security Income SSI AND a Child Disability Report. The report collects information about the child's disabling condition and how it affects his / her ability to function. At this time , only the Child Disability Report can be completed online. Please contact us by phone or in person to schedule an appointment to complete the SSI application. We will help you in person or by phone. 

Steps to Apply 
REVIEW the Child Disability Starter Kit. This kit answers common questions about applying for Supplemental Security Income SSI benefits for children, and includes a worksheet that will help you gather the information you need. CONTACT Social Security right away to find out whether the income and resources of the parents and the child are within the allowed limits, and to start the SSI application process. FILL OUT the online Child Disability Report. At the end of the report , we will ask you to sign a form that gives the child's doctor permission to give us information about his / her disability. We need this information so that we can make a decision on the child's claim. If you do not want to do this report online or you need help , you can call us toll - free at 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213. If you are deaf or hard - of - hearing , call our toll - free TTY number , 1 - 800 - 325 - 0778. Representatives are available Monday through Friday between 8 a.m. and 5:30 p.m. 

user: What are the steps in the process of applying for disability for a child? 

assistant: After you have reviewed the Child Disability Starter Kit which answers common questions about applying for SSI benefits for children, then you should work on the worksheet that will help you gather the information that you will need. 

assistant: Do you need assistance completing the application process? 

user: I do.  This is all very confusing to me and I want to ensure that I do this right. 

assistant: You can take your time doing this.  After you start a Child Disability Report you can always use your re-entry number to return to working on the report online. 

user: Is there a way to find all the necessary information in order to apply for disability for a child? 

assistant: You will need to complete and Application for Supplemental Security Income and a Child Disability Report.  The report collects information about the child's disabling condition and how it affects his/her ability to function. 

user: What are the steps in the application process? 

assistant: You need to fill out the online Child Disability Report.  At the end of this report, we will ask you to sign a form that gives the child's doctor permission to give us information about his/her disability.  

user: What is the signature at the end of the report for? 

assistant: That is for you to give the child's doctor permission to give us information about his/her disability.
Título: Tippi Hedren
Seção: The Birds (1963)
Background: Hedren was born on January 19, 1930, in New Ulm, Minnesota, to Bernard Carl and Dorothea Henrietta (nee Eckhardt) Hedren. For much of her career, Hedren's year of birth was reported as 1935. In 2004, however, she acknowledged that she was actually born in 1930 (which is consistent with the birth registration index at the Minnesota Historical Society). Her paternal grandparents were Swedish immigrants, while her maternal ancestry is German and Norwegian.

Conteúdo: The Birds (1963) was Hedren's screen debut. Hitchcock became her drama coach, and gave her an education in film-making as she attended many of the production meetings such as script, music or photography conferences. Hedren said, "I probably learned in three years what it would have taken me 15 years to learn otherwise." She learned how to break down a script, to become another character, and to study the relationship of different characters. Hedren portrayed her role of Melanie Daniels as Hitchcock requested. She said, "He gives his actors very little leeway. He'll listen, but he has a very definite plan in mind as to how he wants his characters to act. With me, it was understandable, because I was not an actress of stature. I welcomed his guidance."  During the six months of principal photography, Hedren's schedule was tight, as she was only given one afternoon off a week. At first, she found the shooting "wonderful". Hitchcock told a reporter, after a few weeks of filming, that she was remarkable, and said, "She's already reaching the lows and highs of terror." Nonetheless, Hedren recalled the week she did the final bird attack scene in a second-floor bedroom as the worst of her life. Before filming it, she asked Hitchcock about her character's motivations to go upstairs, and his response was, "Because I tell you to." She was then assured that the crew would use mechanical birds. Instead, Hedren endured five solid days of prop men, protected by thick leather gloves, flingi

user: What can you tell me about The Birds?

assistant: The Birds (1963) was Hedren's screen debut. Hitchcock became her drama coach, and gave her an education in film-making

user: Was it successful?

assistant: were impressed with her performance and Wasserman described it as "remarkable".

user: Did she gain any further recognition for this?

assistant: Hedren's performance was praised in Variety's review:

user: What did Variety have to say?

assistant: "Aside from the birds, the film belongs to Hedren, who makes an auspicious screen bow.

user: How long did she work on The Birds?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Karlheinz Stockhausen
Seção: Wider cultural renown
Background: Karlheinz Stockhausen (German: [kaRl'haInts 'StokhaUzn]; 22 August 1928 - 5 December 2007) was a German composer, widely acknowledged by critics as one of the most important (Barrett 1988, 45; Harvey 1975b, 705; Hopkins 1972, 33; Klein 1968, 117) but also controversial (Power 1990, 30) composers of the 20th and early 21st centuries. A critic calls him "one of the great visionaries of 20th-century music" (Hewett 2007). He is known for his groundbreaking work in electronic music, for introducing controlled chance (aleatory techniques or aleatoric musical techniques) into serial composition, and for musical spatialization.

Conteúdo: Stockhausen, along with John Cage, is one of the few avant-garde composers to have succeeded in penetrating the popular consciousness (Anon. 2007b; Broyles 2004; Hewett 2007). The Beatles included his face on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (Guy and Llewelyn-Jones 2004, 111). This reflects his influence on the band's own avant-garde experiments as well as the general fame and notoriety he had achieved by that time (1967). In particular, "A Day in the Life" (1967) and "Revolution 9" (1968) were influenced by Stockhausen's electronic music (Aldgate, Chapman, and Marwick 2000, 146; MacDonald 1995, 233-34). Stockhausen's name, and the perceived strangeness and supposed unlistenability of his music, was even a punchline in cartoons, as documented on a page on the official Stockhausen web site (Stockhausen Cartoons). Perhaps the most caustic remark about Stockhausen was attributed to Sir Thomas Beecham. Asked "Have you heard any Stockhausen?", he is alleged to have replied, "No, but I believe I have trodden in some" (Lebrecht 1985, 334, annotated on 366: "Apocryphal; source unknown").  Stockhausen's fame is also reflected in works of literature. For example, he is mentioned in Philip K. Dick's 1974 novel Flow My Tears, the Policeman Said (Dick 1993, 101) and in Thomas Pynchon's 1966 novel The Crying of Lot 49. The Pynchon novel features "The Scope", a bar with "a strict electronic music policy". Protagonist Oedipa Maas asks "a hip graybeard" about a "sudden choru

user: What wider cultural renown was Stockhausen known for?

assistant: Stockhausen, along with John Cage, is one of the few avant-garde composers to have succeeded in penetrating the popular consciousness

user: How was he able to penetrate the popular consciousness

assistant: The Beatles included his face on the cover of Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band

user: Why did the Beatles include him on the album cover?

assistant: This reflects his influence on the band's own avant-garde experiments as well as the general fame and notoriety he had achieved

user: How did he influence the bands avante garde expirements

assistant: In particular, "A Day in the Life" (1967) and "Revolution 9" (1968) were influenced by Stockhausen's electronic music
Título: Indigenous peoples of Mexico
Seção: Colonial-era racial categories and post-independence
Background: Indigenous peoples of Mexico (Spanish: pueblos indigenas de Mexico), Native Mexicans (Spanish: nativos mexicanos), or Mexican Native Americans (Spanish: nativo america mexicanos), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico prior to the arrival of Europeans. According to the National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples (Comision Nacional para el Desarrollo de los Pueblos Indigenas, or CDI in Spanish) and the INEGI (official census institute), in 2015, 25,694,928 people in Mexico self-identify as being indigenous of many different ethnic groups, which constitute 21.5% of Mexico's population.

Conteúdo: The pre-Columbian civilizations of what now is known as Mexico are usually divided in two regions: Mesoamerica, in reference to the cultural area where several complex civilizations developed before the arrival of the Spanish in the sixteenth century, and Aridoamerica (or simply "The North") in reference to the arid region north of the Tropic of Cancer where few civilizations developed and was mostly inhabited by nomadic or semi-nomadic groups. Despite the conditions however, it is argued that the Mogollon culture and Peoples successfully established population centers at Casas Grandes and Cuarenta Casas in a vast territory that encompassed northern Chihuahua state and parts of Arizona and New Mexico in the United States.  Mesoamerica was densely populated by diverse indigenous ethnic groups which, although sharing common cultural characteristics, spoke different languages and developed unique civilizations.  One of the most influential civilizations that developed in Mesoamerica was the Olmec civilization, sometimes referred to as the "Mother Culture of Mesoamerica". The later civilization in Teotihuacan reached its peak around 600 AD, when the city became the sixth largest city in the world, whose cultural and theological systems influenced the Toltec and Aztec civilizations in later centuries. Evidence has been found on the existence of multiracial communities or neighborhoods in Teotihuacan (and other large urban areas like Tenochtitlan).  The Maya civilization, though al

user: What kinds of things happened in the colonial era?

assistant: Mesoamerica was densely populated by diverse indigenous ethnic groups

user: What were some racial categories?

assistant: The Spanish legal system divided racial groups into two basic categories, the Republica de Espanoles,

user: What was the other racial category

assistant: the Republica de Indios.
Título: Tod Browning
Seção: Silent feature films
Background: Browning was born as Charles Albert Browning, Jr., in Louisville, Kentucky, the second son of Charles Albert and Lydia Browning, and the nephew of baseball star Pete Browning. As a young boy, he put on amateur plays in his backyard. He was fascinated by the circus and carnival life, and at the age of 16 he ran away from his well-to-do family to become a performer. Changing his name to "Tod", he traveled extensively with sideshows, carnivals, and circuses.

Conteúdo: Browning's feature film debut was Jim Bludso (1917), about a riverboat captain who sacrifices himself to save his passengers from a fire. It was well received.  Browning moved back to New York in 1917. He directed two films for Metro Studios, Peggy, the Will O' the Wisp and The Jury of Fate. Both starred Mabel Taliaferro, the latter in a dual role achieved with double exposure techniques that were groundbreaking for the time. He moved back to California in 1918 and produced two more films for Metro, The Eyes of Mystery and Revenge.  In the spring of 1918 he left Metro and joined Bluebird Productions, a subsidiary of Universal Pictures, where he met Irving Thalberg. Thalberg paired Browning with Lon Chaney for the first time for the film The Wicked Darling (1919), a melodrama in which Chaney played a thief who forces a poor girl (Priscilla Dean) from the slums into a life of crime and possibly prostitution. Browning and Chaney would ultimately make ten films together over the next decade.  The death of his father sent Browning into a depression that led to alcoholism. He was laid off by Universal and his wife left him. However, he recovered, reconciled with his wife, and got a one-picture contract with Goldwyn Pictures. The film he produced for Goldwyn, The Day of Faith, was a moderate success, putting his career back on track.  Thalberg reunited Browning with Lon Chaney for The Unholy Three (1925), the story of three circus performers who concoct a scheme to use disguises to 

user: What was Browning's first silent film?

assistant: 1917.
Título: John Mayer
Seção: Appearances in the media
Background: Mayer was born on October 16, 1977, in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Richard (a high-school principal) and Margaret Mayer (a middle-school English teacher). He grew up in nearby Fairfield, the middle child between older brother Carl and younger brother Ben. His father is Jewish, and Mayer has said that he relates to Judaism. As a middle school student, Mayer became close friends with future tennis star James Blake, and they often played Nintendo together after school.

Conteúdo: In 2004, Mayer hosted a one-shot, half-hour comedy special on VH1 titled John Mayer Has a TV Show, with antics including wearing a bear suit while anonymously teasing concertgoers in the parking lot outside one of his concerts.  Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform during Apple's annual keynote address at the Macworld Conference & Expo in January 2004 as Jobs introduced the music production software GarageBand. Mayer became a fixture of the event, including at the 2007 iPhone announcement. Volkswagen concluded a deal with instrument manufacturer First Act to include a GarageMaster electric guitar that was playable through the stereo system of six of their 2007 models; Mayer (along with Slash and Christopher Guest) were selected to endorse the campaign and was featured playing the guitar in ads. Mayer used and endorsed the BlackBerry Curve.  Mayer made many appearances on talk shows and other television programs, most notably, on a Chappelle's Show comedy skit, the Late Show with David Letterman and on the final episode of Late Night with Conan O'Brien. Mayer made an appearance with Rob Dyrdek in the MTV show Rob Dyrdek's Fantasy Factory. Mayer wrote the theme song to the OWN network show Rollin' with Zach, which features Zach Anner. CBS invited him to guest host The Late Late Show in early 2015 on three dates, February 4-6, after the retirement of Craig Ferguson.  Mayer makes a cameo as a truck driver in the 2014 comedy horror film Zombeavers. In the 2015 film Get Hard, he pla

user: what kind of media outlets is  he appearing at

assistant: comedy horror film

user: did he do any big interviiews

assistant: Late Show with David Letterman

user: any others

assistant: Late Night with Conan O'Brien.

user: whaat did you find interesting in this story

assistant: Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform

user: is  he a musician

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what happened when he performed for Jobs

assistant: Steve Jobs invited Mayer to perform during Apple's annual keynote address
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Título: René Girard
Seção: Biblical text as a science of man
Background: Rene Noel Theophile Girard (; French: [ZiRaR]; 25 December 1923 - 4 November 2015) was a French historian, literary critic, and philosopher of social science whose work belongs to the tradition of anthropological philosophy. Girard was the author of nearly thirty books, with his writings spanning many academic domains.

Conteúdo: In Things Hidden Since the Foundation of the World, Girard discusses for the first time Christianity and the Bible. The Gospels ostensibly present themselves as a typical mythical account, with a victim-god lynched by a unanimous crowd, an event that is then commemorated by Christians through ritual sacrifice -- a material re-presentation in this case -- in the Eucharist. The parallel is perfect except for one detail: the truth of the innocence of the victim is proclaimed by the text and the writer. The mythical account is usually built on the lie of the guilt of the victim in as much as it is an account of the event seen from the viewpoint of the anonymous lynchers. This ignorance is indispensable to the efficacy of the sacrificial violence.  The evangelical "good news" clearly affirms the innocence of the victim, thus becoming, by attacking ignorance, the germ of the destruction of the sacrificial order on which rests the equilibrium of societies. Already the Old Testament shows this turning inside-out of the mythic accounts with regard to the innocence of the victims (Abel, Joseph, Job...), and the Hebrews were conscious of the uniqueness of their religious tradition. With the Gospels, it is with full clarity that are unveiled these "things hidden since the foundation of the world" (Matthew 13:35), the foundation of social order on murder, described in all its repulsive ugliness in the account of the Passion.  This revelation is even clearer because the text is a work on d

user: What does Girard have to say about Biblical text?

assistant: Girard reinterprets certain biblical expressions in light of his theories;

user: Which expressions?

assistant: "scandal" (skandalon, literally, a "snare", or an "impediment placed in the way and causing one to stumble or fall") as signifying mimetic rivalry, for example Peter's denial of Jesus.

user: What does he mean that they are a science of man?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER