Título: Jacques Cousteau
Seção: Early 1940s: Innovation of modern underwater diving
Background: Jacques-Yves Cousteau  (French: [Zak iv kusto]; commonly known in English as Jacques Cousteau; 11 June 1910 - 25 June 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer, conservationist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. He co-developed the Aqua-lung, pioneered marine conservation and was a member of the Academie francaise. Cousteau described his underwater world research in a series of books, perhaps the most successful being his first book, The Silent World: A Story of Undersea Discovery and Adventure, published in 1953.

Conteúdo: The years of World War II were decisive for the history of diving. After the armistice of 1940, the family of Simone and Jacques-Yves Cousteau took refuge in Megeve, where he became a friend of the Ichac family who also lived there. Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Marcel Ichac shared the same desire to reveal to the general public unknown and inaccessible places -- for Cousteau the underwater world and for Ichac the high mountains. The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands (Var) with Philippe Tailliez and Frederic Dumas, using a depth-pressure-proof camera case developed by mechanical engineer Leon Veche (engineer of Arts and Metiers and the Naval College).  In 1943, they made the film Epaves (Shipwrecks), in which they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes. These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company, following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. When making Epaves, Cousteau could not find the necessary blank reels of movie film, but had to buy hundreds of small still camera film reels the same width, intended for a make of child's camera, and cemented them together to make long reels.  Having kept bonds with the English speakers (he spent part of his childhood in the United States and usually spoke English) and with French 

user: When was the first film he made?

assistant: The two neighbors took the first ex-aequo prize of the Congress of Documentary Film in 1943,

user: What was special about this film that it won an award?

assistant: 1943, for the first French underwater film: Par dix-huit metres de fond (18 meters deep), made without breathing apparatus the previous year in the Embiez islands

user: Did they make another film after that?

assistant: In 1943, they made the film Epaves

user: What made this film special?

assistant: they used two of the very first Aqua-Lung prototypes.

user: Who created the prototypes?

assistant: These prototypes were made in Boulogne-Billancourt by the Air Liquide company,

user: Was he in the military?

assistant: (he spent part of his childhood in the United States and usually spoke English) and with French soldiers in North Africa (under Admiral Lemonnier),

user: Did he have any influence over the diving equipment designs?

assistant: following instructions from Cousteau and Emile Gagnan.