Título: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Seção: Post-DRA civil war
Background: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was born in 1947 in Imam Sahib District of the Kunduz province, northern Afghanistan, a member of the Kharoti tribe of the Ghilji Pashtun. His father, Ghulam Qader, who migrated to Kunduz, is originally from the center of Ghazni province. Afghan businessman and Kharoti tribal leader Gholam Serwar Nasher deemed Hekmatyar to be a bright young man and sent him to the Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, but he was expelled due to his political views two years later. From 1970 to 1972, Hekmatyar attended Kabul University's engineering department.

Conteúdo: A highly controversial commander, Hekmatyar has been dubbed the "Butcher of Kabul", accused of being responsible for the destruction and civilian deaths Kabul experienced in the early 1990s.  According to the U.S. Special Envoy to Afghanistan in 1989-1992, Peter Tomsen, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was hired in 1990 by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to conquer and rule Afghanistan in the benefit of Pakistani interests, which plan was delayed until 1992 due to US pressure to cancel that plan.  In April 1992, as the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan began to collapse, government officials joined the mujahideen, choosing different parties according to their ethnic and political affinities. For the most part, the members of the khalq faction of the PDPA, who were predominantly Pashtuns, joined with Hekmatyar. With their help, he began on 24 April to infiltrate troops into Kabul, and announced that he had seized the city, and that should any other leaders try to fly into Kabul, he would shoot their plane down. The new leader of the "Islamic Interim Government of Afghanistan", Sibghatullah Mojaddedi, appointed Ahmad Shah Massoud as defense minister, and urged him to take action. This he did, taking the offensive on 25 April, and after two days heavy fighting, the Hezb-i Islami and its allies were expelled from Kabul. A peace agreement was signed with Massoud on 25 May 1992, which made Hekmatyar Prime Minister. However, the agreement fell apart when he was blamed for a rock

user: What happened after the DRA civil war?

assistant: In April 1992, as the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan began to collapse,

user: What happened after that?

assistant: government officials joined the mujahideen, choosing different parties according to their ethnic and political affinities.

user: What roles did the different parties play?

assistant: For the most part, the members of the khalq faction of the PDPA, who were predominantly Pashtuns, joined with Hekmatyar.

user: What happened when they joined with Hekmatyar?

assistant: With their help, he began on 24 April to infiltrate troops into Kabul, and announced that he had seized the city,

user: When he seized the city how did the people feel?

assistant: A peace agreement was signed with Massoud on 25 May 1992,

user: How long did peace last?

assistant: However, the agreement fell apart when he was blamed for a rocket attack on President Mojaddedi's plane.

user: Was there any further fighting after that attack?

assistant: From 1992 to 1996, the warring factions destroyed most of Kabul and killed thousands of people, most of them civilians, during the Afghan civil war.

user: Who were the factions fighting in the war?

assistant: different parties participated in the destruction, but Hekmatyar's group was responsible for most of the damage,

user: Did he have any further political aspirations after that?

assistant: His attacks also had a political objective: to undermine the Rabbani government by proving that Rabbani and Massoud

user: Proving that Rabbani and Massoud were what?

assistant: unable to protect the population.

user: How did the people feel about these attacks?

assistant: the new alliance did not spell victory for Hekmatyar, and in June 1994, Massoud had driven Dostum's troops from the capital.