dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Edward Said
Seção: Criticism of Orientalism
Background: Edward Wadie Said (Arabic: dwrd wdy` s`yd [waedi:? sae?i:d], Idward Wadi' Sa'id; 1 November 1935 - 25 September 2003) was a professor of literature at Columbia University, a public intellectual, and a founder of the academic field of postcolonial studies. A Palestinian American born in Mandatory Palestine, he was a citizen of the United States by way of his father, a U.S. Army veteran.

Conteúdo: Orientalism provoked much professional and personal criticism for Said among academics. Traditional Orientalists, such as Albert Hourani, Robert Graham Irwin, Nikki Keddie, Bernard Lewis, and Kanan Makiya, suffered negative consequences, because Orientalism affected public perception of their intellectual integrity and the quality of their Orientalist scholarship. The historian Keddie said that Said's critical work about the field of Orientalism had caused, in their academic disciplines:  Some unfortunate consequences ... I think that there has been a tendency in the Middle East [studies] field to adopt the word Orientalism as a generalized swear-word, essentially referring to people who take the "wrong" position on the Arab-Israeli dispute, or to people who are judged "too conservative." It has nothing to do with whether they are good or not good in their disciplines. So, Orientalism, for many people, is a word that substitutes for thought, and enables people to dismiss certain scholars and their works. I think that is too bad. It may not have been what Edward Said meant, at all, but the term has become a kind of slogan.  In Orientalism, Said described Bernard Lewis, the Anglo-American Orientalist, as "a perfect exemplification [of an] Establishment Orientalist [whose work] purports to be objective, liberal scholarship, but is, in reality, very close to being propaganda against his subject material."  Lewis responded with a harsh critique of Orientalism accusing Said of poli

user: How did Said feel about Orientalism?

assistant: Said described Bernard Lewis, the Anglo-American Orientalist, as "a perfect exemplification [of an] Establishment Orientalist [whose work] purports to be objective, liberal scholarship,

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Orientalism provoked much professional and personal criticism for Said among academics.

user: Which academics criticized Said

assistant: Nikki Keddie,

user: Who was Nikki Keddie?

assistant: historian
Título: Sven Hedin
Seção: Hedin and Nazi Germany
Background: Sven Anders Hedin, KNO1kl RVO, (19 February 1865 - 26 November 1952) was a Swedish geographer, topographer, explorer, photographer, travel writer, and illustrator of his own works. During four expeditions to Central Asia, he made the Transhimalaya known in the West and located sources of the Brahmaputra, Indus and Sutlej Rivers. He also mapped lake Lop Nur, and the remains of cities, grave sites and the Great Wall of China in the deserts of the Tarim Basin. In his book Fran pol till pol (From Pole to Pole), Hedin describes a journey through Asia and Europe between the late 1880s and the early 1900s.

Conteúdo: Hedin's conservative and pro-German views eventually translated into sympathy for the Third Reich, and this would draw him into increasing controversy towards the end of his life. Adolf Hitler had been an early admirer of Hedin, who was in turn impressed with Hitler's nationalism. He saw the German leader's rise to power as a revival of German fortunes, and welcomed its challenge against Soviet Communism. He was not an entirely uncritical supporter of the Nazis, however. His own views were shaped by traditionalist, Christian and conservative values, while National Socialism was in part a modern revolutionary-populist movement. Hedin objected to some aspects of National Socialist rule, and occasionally attempted to convince the German government to relent in its anti-religious and anti-Semitic campaigns.  Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them. The politely-worded correspondence usually concerned scheduling matters, birthday congratulations, Hedin's planned or completed publications, and requests by Hedin for pardons for people condemned to death, and for mercy, release and permission to leave the country for people interned in prisons or concentration camps. In correspondence with Joseph Goebbels and Hans Drager, Hedin was able to achieve the printing of the Daily Watchwords year after year.  The Nazis attempted to achieve a close connection to Hedin by bestowing awards upon him. They asked him to pr

user: How was he involved with Nazi Germany?

assistant: Hedin's conservative and pro-German views eventually translated into sympathy for the Third Reich, and this would draw him into increasing controversy

user: what was the controversay regarding?

assistant: His own views were shaped by traditionalist, Christian and conservative values, while National Socialism was in part a modern revolutionary-populist movement.

user: Did he think highly of Hitler?

assistant: Adolf Hitler had been an early admirer of Hedin, who was in turn impressed with Hitler's nationalism.

user: Did he know Hitler?

assistant: Hedin met Adolf Hitler and other leading National Socialists repeatedly and was in regular correspondence with them.

user: What did they correspond about?

assistant: The politely-worded correspondence usually concerned scheduling matters, birthday congratulations, Hedin's planned or completed publications,
Título: Bernie Leadon
Seção: Eagles
Background: Bernard Mathew Leadon III (pronounced led-un; born July 19, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Prior to the Eagles, he was a member of three pioneering and highly influential country rock bands: Hearts & Flowers, Dillard & Clark, and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He is a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, banjo, mandolin, steel guitar, dobro) coming from a bluegrass background. He introduced elements of this music to a mainstream audience during his tenure with the Eagles.

Conteúdo: Leadon was the last original member to join the Eagles, a band initially formed by guitarist/singer Glenn Frey, drummer/singer Don Henley, and former Poco bassist/singer Randy Meisner. Leadon is often credited with helping shape the band's early country-rock sound, bringing his strong sense of harmony as well as his country, bluegrass and acoustic sensibilities to the group. Instruments he played during his tenure in the band were electric guitar, B-Bender, acoustic guitar, banjo, mandolin, dobro and pedal steel guitar.  Upon the release of their debut album, Eagles, the group met with near instantaneous success, due largely to the strength of their hit singles, "Take It Easy", "Peaceful Easy Feeling" and "Witchy Woman" (co-written by Leadon and Henley), all of which highlighted Leadon's multi-instrumental talent on electric guitar, B-Bender, banjo, and harmony vocals. Their follow-up, Desperado, was another strong country-rock venture highlighted by the classics "Tequila Sunrise" and the title track. Leadon had a prominent role on the album, but it was met by surprisingly lukewarm reviews and lackluster sales. As a result, the band attempted to distance itself from the "country rock" label for their third album On the Border. In doing so, Leadon encouraged the group to recruit his old friend, guitarist Don Felder, to the band. The result was the guitar-heavy top ten hit "Already Gone". The album also included "My Man", Leadon's touching tribute to his old bandmate and friend

user: What is the Eagles?

assistant: Leadon was the last original member to join the Eagles, a band

user: Were there any other members on the group?

assistant: Glenn Frey, drummer/singer Don Henley, and former Poco bassist/singer Randy Meisner.

user: Did they have any albums?

assistant: Upon the release of their debut album, Eagles, the group met with near instantaneous success, due largely to the strength of their hit singles, "
Título: Sam Harris
Seção: Islam
Background: Sam Benjamin Harris (born April 9, 1967) is an American author, philosopher, neuroscientist, blogger, and podcast host. He is a critic of religion and proponent of the liberty to criticize religion. He is concerned with matters that touch on spirituality, morality, neuroscience, free will, and terrorism. He is described as one of the "Four Horsemen of atheism", with Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens and Daniel Dennett.

Conteúdo: Harris considers Islam to be "especially belligerent and inimical to the norms of civil discourse," relative to other world religions. He asserts that the "dogmatic commitment to using violence to defend one's faith, both from within and without" to varying degrees, is a central Islamic doctrine that is found in few other religions to the same degree, and that "this difference has consequences in the real world."  In 2006, after the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy, Harris wrote, "The idea that Islam is a 'peaceful religion hijacked by extremists' is a dangerous fantasy--and it is now a particularly dangerous fantasy for Muslims to indulge. It is not at all clear how we should proceed in our dialogue with the Muslim world, but deluding ourselves with euphemisms is not the answer. It now appears to be a truism in foreign policy circles that real reform in the Muslim world cannot be imposed from the outside. But it is important to recognize why this is so--it is so because the Muslim world is utterly deranged by its religious tribalism. In confronting the religious literalism and ignorance of the Muslim world, we must appreciate how terrifyingly isolated Muslims have become in intellectual terms." He states that his criticism of the religion is aimed not at Muslims as people, but at the doctrine of Islam.  Harris wrote a response to controversy over his criticism of Islam, which also aired on a debate hosted by The Huffington Post on whether critics of Islam are un

user: what does Sam think about Islam?

assistant: Harris considers Islam to be "especially belligerent and inimical to the norms of civil discourse," relative to other world religions.

user: what else does he think about it?

assistant: "The idea that Islam is a 'peaceful religion hijacked by extremists' is a dangerous fantasy--and it is now a particularly dangerous fantasy for Muslims to indulge.

user: has he been criticized for his beliefs?

assistant: Islam is a criticism of beliefs and their consequences,

user: what do critics have to say to him?

assistant: we have already lost our First Amendment rights with respect to Islam--and because they brand any observation of this fact a symptom of Islamophobia,

user: did he have any controversies?

assistant: controversy over his criticism of Islam, which also aired on a debate hosted by The Huffington Post on whether critics of Islam are unfairly labeled as bigots:

user: how did he handle the controversies?

assistant: Harris has criticized common usage of the term "Islamophobia". "My criticism of Islam is a criticism of beliefs and their consequences,
Título: Menachem Begin
Seção: Camp David accords
Background: Menachem Begin ( listen ; Hebrew: m@nakhem be'giyn Menahem Begin, Polish: Mieczyslaw Biegun; Russian: Menakhem Vol'fovich Begin Menakhem Volfovich Begin; 16 August 1913 - 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.

Conteúdo: In 1978 Begin, aided by Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan and Defense Minister Ezer Weizman, came to Washington and Camp David to negotiate the Camp David Accords, leading to the 1979 Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty with Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat. Before going to Washington to meet President Carter, Begin visited Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson for his advice. Under the terms of the treaty, brokered by US President, Jimmy Carter, Israel was to hand over the Sinai Peninsula in its entirety to Egypt. The peace treaty with Egypt was a watershed moment in Middle Eastern history, as it was the first time an Arab state recognized Israel's legitimacy whereas Israel effectively accepted the land for peace principle as blueprint for resolving the Arab-Israeli conflict. Given Egypt's prominent position within the Arab World, especially as Israel's biggest and most powerful enemy, the treaty had far reaching strategic and geopolitical implications.  Almost overnight, Begin's public image of an irresponsible nationalist radical was transformed into that of a statesman of historic proportions. This image was reinforced by international recognition which culminated with him being awarded, together with Sadat, the Nobel Peace Prize in 1978.  Yet while establishing Begin as a leader with broad public appeal, the peace treaty with Egypt was met with fierce criticism within his own Likud party. His devout followers found it difficult to reconcile Begin's history as a keen promoter of the Greater Israe

user: When were the Camp David accords?

assistant: Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty with Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat.

user: What year was the treaty negotiated?

assistant: 1979

user: What were the major points negotiated?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did Begin and Sadat negotiate the accords themselves?

assistant: Yet while establishing Begin as a leader with broad public appeal, the peace treaty with Egypt was met with fierce criticism within his own Likud party.

user: What were the main points the parties agreed upon in the treaty?

assistant: Carter, Israel was to hand over the Sinai Peninsula in its entirety to Egypt.
If you default on your federal student loan, the loan may be placed with a collection agency, which will then contact you to obtain payment. 
If you default on your federal student loan , the entire balance of the loan principal and interest becomes immediately due. This is called acceleration. Once your loan is accelerated , you no longer have access to deferment or forbearance options or to a choice of repayment plans. In addition , if you do not make repayment arrangements with the holder of your loan the U.S. Department of Education ED, a guaranty agency, or the school that made the loan and comply with the terms of the repayment arrangement , your loan holder may place your loan with a collection agency. If your loan is placed with a collection agency , you will be responsible for costs incurred by your loan holder to get payment. These costs amount to 17.92% of your loan amount if your loan is held by ED. Other loan holders may charge a different amount. You should check with them to find out what it is. The 17.92% is payable in addition to your outstanding principal balance, interest, and fees. For example , if you owe ED $10,000 , you ll owe an additional $1,792 in collection fees once your loan goes to a collection agency, for a total of $11,792 : 17.92% = 0.1792 $10,000 x 0.1792= $1,792 $10,000 + $1,792 = $11,792 The holder of your loan can take other actions to collect as well. ED currently contracts with several collection agencies to administer many of the collection activities of our accounts. Many guaranty agencies also contract with collection agencies for the same reason. Collection agency employees are trained to comply with the terms of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act, which govern collection practices by debt collectors. If your defaulted loan is placed with a private collection agency , you can expect the agency to first offer you the option of entering into a voluntary repayment agreement. If you do not agree to enter into a voluntary 

user: are charges added if my loan is being collected by a debt collector?

assistant: Have you defaulted on your federal school loan?

user: yes and a collection agency is involved

assistant: You are liable for the costs of collecting your defaulted federal student loans. The largest of these costs are usually the costs of placing your loan with a private collection agency. They amount to 17.92% of your outstanding balance, which includes principal, interest, and fees. 

user: how do I know what collection agency to get in touch with?

assistant: Do you have a federal student loan?

user: no, isn't it with someone else. ..it could be a federal student loan

assistant: Have you heard from a collection agency regarding your loan?

user: yes

assistant: You can contact ED’s Default Resolution Group to find which collection agency you are dealing with.

user: are the people trying to charge me to get my loan taken care of legit?

assistant: You should contact the Default Resolution Group.
Título: Allen Dulles
Seção: OSS posting to Bern, Switzerland in World War II
Background: Allen Welsh Dulles (; April 7, 1893 - January 29, 1969) was an American diplomat and lawyer who became the first civilian Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), and its longest-serving director to date. As head of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the early Cold War, he oversaw the 1954 Guatemalan coup d'etat, Operation Ajax (the overthrow of Iran's elected government), the Lockheed U-2 aircraft program and the Bay of Pigs Invasion. Following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, Dulles was one of the members of the Warren Commission. Between his stints of government service, Dulles was a corporate lawyer and partner at Sullivan & Cromwell.

Conteúdo: After the outbreak of the Second World War, Dulles was recruited to work at the Office of Strategic Services and moved to Bern, Switzerland, where he lived at Herrengasse 23 for the duration of World War II. As Swiss Director of the OSS, Dulles worked on intelligence regarding German plans and activities, and established wide contacts with German emigres, resistance figures, and anti-Nazi intelligence officers. He was assisted in intelligence-gathering activities by Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz, a German emigrant. Dulles also received valuable information from Fritz Kolbe, a German diplomat, one whom he described as the best spy of the war. Kolbe supplied secret documents regarding active German spies and plans regarding the Messerschmitt Me 262 jet fighter.  Although Washington barred Dulles from making firm commitments to the plotters of the 20 July 1944 attempt to assassinate Hitler, the conspirators nonetheless gave him reports on developments in Germany, including sketchy but accurate warnings of plans for Hitler's V-1 and V-2 missiles.  Dulles was involved in Operation Sunrise, secret negotiations in March 1945 to arrange a local surrender of German forces in northern Italy. After the war in Europe, Dulles served for six months as the OSS Berlin station chief and later as station chief in Bern. The Office of Strategic Services was dissolved in October 1945 and its functions transferred to the State and War Departments.  In the 1948 Presidential election, Dulles was, toge

user: what did dulles have to do with world war 2?

assistant: Dulles was recruited to work at the Office of Strategic Services and moved to Bern,

user: What does switzerland have to do with him as well?

assistant: moved to Bern, Switzerland, where he lived at Herrengasse 23 for the duration of World War II.

user: was allen associated with anybody or plotted with anybody during this time?

assistant: He was assisted in intelligence-gathering activities by Gero von Schulze-Gaevernitz, a German emigrant.
Título: Grace Hopper
Seção: Retirement
Background: Grace Brewster Murray Hopper (nee Murray; December 9, 1906 - January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist and United States Navy rear admiral. One of the first programmers of the Harvard Mark I computer, she was a pioneer of computer programming who invented one of the first compiler related tools. She popularized the idea of machine-independent programming languages, which led to the development of COBOL, an early high-level programming language still in use today. Hopper had attempted to enlist in the Navy during World War II, but she was rejected by the military because she was 34 years of age and thus too old to enlist.

Conteúdo: In accordance with Navy attrition regulations, Hopper retired from the Naval Reserve with the rank of commander at age 60 at the end of 1966. She was recalled to active duty in August 1967 for a six-month period that turned into an indefinite assignment. She again retired in 1971 but was again asked to return to active duty in 1972. She was promoted to captain in 1973 by Admiral Elmo R. Zumwalt, Jr.  After Republican Representative Philip Crane saw her on a March 1983 segment of 60 Minutes, he championed H.J.Res. 341, a joint resolution originating in the House of Representatives, which led to her promotion to commodore by special Presidential appointment. She remained on active duty for several years beyond mandatory retirement by special approval of Congress. Effective November 8, 1985, the rank of commodore was renamed rear admiral (lower half) and Hopper became one of the Navy's few female admirals.  Following a career that spanned more than 42 years, Admiral Hopper took mandatory retirement from the Navy on August 14, 1986. At a celebration held in Boston on the USS Constitution to commemorate her retirement, Hopper was awarded the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the highest non-combat decoration awarded by the Department of Defense.  At the time of her retirement, she was the oldest active-duty commissioned officer in the United States Navy (79 years, eight months and five days), and had her retirement ceremony aboard the oldest commissioned ship in the United Stat

user: What year did she retire

assistant: 1966.
Título: Chuck Bown
Seção: 1986-1993
Background: Richard Charles "Chuck" Bown Jr. (born February 22, 1954) is a former NASCAR champion. His last ride came in 1999. He currently lives with his wife in Asheboro, North Carolina. He is the brother of former fellow NASCAR competitor Jim Bown.

Conteúdo: In 1986, Bown returned to NASCAR, running in the Busch Series. His first start came at the Goody's 300, where he started 28th but finished 40th after wrecking his No. 67 Buick early in the race. He made his only other start of the year at the Oxford 250 at Oxford Plains Speedway, where he's started 13th and won his first career Busch race. The following season, Bown ran three races in the No. 7/56 Pontiac, but did not finish a race.  In 1989, Bown ran his first full season in Busch driving the No. 63 Pontiac at Lanier Speedway and at South Boston Speedway. He finished the season with 5 top-5s and 12 top-10s wound up ninth in the championship standings. The following year, Bown won six races and four poles. He had a total of thirteen top-fives and won the Busch Series championship over Jimmy Hensley by 200 points. That same season, he returned to the Cup series, running three races in the No. 97 Pontiac for Tex Powell, his best finish 23rd at the Atlanta Journal 500.  In 1991, Bown won three times and garnered four poles, but dropped 4th in the Busch Series points. He made one Winston Cup start driving Cale Yarborough's No. 66 Pontiac at North Wilkesboro Speedway where he finished 26th. The following season, Bown failed to win a race and had only five top-five finishes, and dropped to eleventh in the standings. In 1993, Bown won his final career pole at Richmond International Raceway and won his final race at Martinsville Speedway. He recorded 5 top-5s and 13 top-10s en route 

user: What happened to Chuck in 1986?

assistant: In 1986, Bown returned to NASCAR, running in the Busch Series.

user: Was he in the Goody's 300?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he ever start a race?

assistant: His first start came at the Goody's 300, where he started 28th but finished 40th after wrecking his No. 67 Buick early in the race.

user: What happened to him around 1989?

assistant: In 1989, Bown ran his first full season in Busch driving the No. 63 Pontiac at Lanier Speedway and at South Boston Speedway.

user: What happened the next year?

assistant: In 1991, Bown won three times and garnered four poles, but dropped 4th in the Busch Series points.
Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty (MGIB-AD) 
The Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty MGIB - AD can help you pay for education and training programs. If you ve served at least 2 years on active duty , find out if you qualify for the MGIB - AD program. 

Am I eligible for education benefits through the MGIB-AD program? 
You can get education benefits through this program if you were honorably discharged and you meet the requirements of one of the categories below. 

One of these categories must describe you 


Category I 
All of these are true. You: Have a high school diploma, GED, or 12 hours of college credit , and Entered active duty for the first time after June 30 , 1985 , and Had your military pay reduced by $100 a month for the first 12 months of service And at least one of these is true. You served continuously without a break for : 3 years , or 2 years if that was your agreement when you enlisted , or if you entered the Selected Reserve within a year of leaving active duty called the 2 by 4 program 4 years 

Category II 
All of these are true. You: Have a high school diploma, GED, or 12 hours of college credit , and Entered active duty before January 1 , 1977 or before January 2 , 1978, under a delayed enlistment program contracted before January 1 , 1977 , and Served at least 1 day between October 19 , 1984, and June 30 , 1985, and stayed on active duty through June 30 , 1988 or through June 30 , 1987, if you entered the Selected Reserve within 1 year of leaving active duty and served 4 years , and Had at least 1 day of entitlement left under the Vietnam Era GI Bill Chapter 34 as of December 31 , 1989 

Category III 
All of these are true. You: Have a high school diploma, GED, or 12 hours of college credit , and Don t qualify for MGIB under categories I or II , and Had your military pay reduced by $1,200 before separation And one of these is true. You: Were on active duty on September 30 , 1990 , and involuntarily separated not by your choice after February 2 , 19

user: can you give me details of Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty

assistant: The Montgomery GI Bill Active Duty MGIB - AD can help you pay for education and training programs
Exposure to specific environmental hazards 
If you had contact with certain environmental hazards while serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other areas , you may have illnesses or other conditions believed to be caused by these toxic chemicals in the air, water, or soil. Find out if you can get disability compensation or benefits. 

Can I get disability benefits from VA? 
You may be able to get disability benefits if you have an illness or other condition believed to be caused by your contact with an environmental hazard while serving in the military. This may include contact with : Particulate matter or large burn pits in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Djibouti in the Horn of Africa A large sulfur fire at Mishraq State Sulfur Mine near Mosul, Iraq Hexavalent chromium at the Qarmat Ali water treatment plant in Basra, Iraq Pollutants from a waste incinerator near the Naval Air Facility at Atsugi, Japan 

Who s covered? 
Veterans 

What kind of disability benefits can I get? 
Health care Compensation payments 

How do I get these benefits? 
You ll need to file a claim for disability compensation. Find out how to file a claim for disability compensation When you file , you ll have to show that your health problems are linked to your contact with certain environmental hazards while serving in the military. Be sure to send in all information such as the Burn Pit Registry supporting your claim that you came into contact with certain environmental hazards. Check the Burn Pit Registry 

user: Good day. As a Veteran who has been exposed to chemical weapons during service I have several questions about these hazards.

assistant: Of course. You might have had contact with certain environmental hazards while serving in Iraq, Afghanistan, and other areas.

user: Yes, that is correct.

assistant: You also may have illnesses or other conditions believed to be caused by these toxic chemicals in the air, water, or soil.

user: I do and that's exactly what I'm getting at. What kind of disability benefits can I get?

assistant: You can get health care and compensation payments.

user: That means that Veterans are covered, right?

assistant: Correct, Veterans are covered.

user: So what does the process of filing for these benefits look like?

assistant: When you file, you'll have to show that your health problems are linked to your contact with certain environmental hazards while serving in the military.

user: And then I can get disability benefits from VA?

assistant: Yes, you may be able to get disability benefits if you have an illness or other condition believed to be caused by your contact with an environmental hazard while serving in the military. This may include contact with particulate matter or large burn pits in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.
Título: Dave Winfield
Seção: Youth and collegiate career
Background: David Mark Winfield (born October 3, 1951) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) right fielder. He is currently special assistant to the executive director of the Major League Baseball Players Association. Over his 22-year career, he played for six teams: the San Diego Padres, New York Yankees, California Angels, Toronto Blue Jays, Minnesota Twins, and Cleveland Indians. He had the winning hit in the 1992 World Series with the Blue Jays over the Atlanta Braves.

Conteúdo: Winfield was born the same day Bobby Thomson hit his pennant-winning home run for the New York Giants, known as "the shot heard 'round the world". He grew up in St. Paul, Minnesota. His parents divorced when he was three years old, leaving him and his older brother Stephen to be raised by their mother, Arline, and a large extended family of aunts, uncles, grandparents and cousins.  The Winfield brothers honed their athletic skills in St. Paul's Oxford playground, where coach Bill Peterson was one of the first to take the young Winfield under his wing. Winfield did not become a formidable 6'6" athlete until his senior year of high school.  He earned a full baseball scholarship to the University of Minnesota in 1969, where he starred in baseball and basketball for the Golden Gophers. His college baseball coach was former MLB player Dick Siebert. His basketball coach was Bill Musselman, who was later a head coach in the American Basketball Association and National Basketball Association and who later referred to Winfield as the best rebounder he ever coached. Winfield's 1972 Minnesota team won a Big Ten basketball championship, the school's first in 53 years. During the 1972 season, he also was involved in a brawl when Minnesota played Ohio State.  Winfield also played for the Alaska Goldpanners for two seasons (1971-72) and was the MVP in 1972. In 1973, he was named All-American and voted MVP of the College World Series--as a pitcher. Following college, Winfield was drafted by 

user: When did he start out in baseball?

assistant: The Winfield brothers honed their athletic skills in St. Paul's Oxford playground,

user: What was his high school baseball career like?

assistant: Winfield did not become a formidable 6'6" athlete until his senior year of high school.
Título: Manic Street Preachers
Seção: Solo work
Background: Manic Street Preachers are a Welsh rock band, formed in 1986 in Blackwood, Caerphilly and consisting of James Dean Bradfield (lead vocals, lead guitar), Nicky Wire (bass guitar, lyrics) and Sean Moore (drums, percussion, soundscapes). They are often colloquially known as the Manics. Following the release of their first single, "Suicide Alley", the band was joined by Richey Edwards as co-lyricist and rhythm guitarist. The band's early albums were in a punk vein, eventually broadening to a greater alternative rock sound, whilst retaining a leftist politicisation.

Conteúdo: In late 2005, both Bradfield and Wire announced that they intended to release solo material prior to a new album by the band. A free download of Nicky Wire's debut solo offering I Killed the Zeitgeist was posted on the band's website for just one day, Christmas Day 2005, while "The Shining Path" was released exclusively on iTunes for download. In addition, a promotional album sampler had been sent out to the press and certain other people which included "I Killed the Zeitgeist", "Goodbye Suicide", "Sehnsucht", and "Everything Fades".  The album was officially released in September 2006. It charted at No. 130 in the UK. The sound of the album, which Nicky referred to as his "nihilistic anti-everything album", was inspired by, among others, Neu!, the Plastic Ono Band, Einsturzende Neubauten, the Modern Lovers, Richard Thompson and Lou Reed. Only one official single was released, "Break My Heart Slowly", which charted at No. 74. Nicky toured small intimate venues across the UK with his band the Secret Society.  Bradfield's solo album, The Great Western, was released in July 2006, to positive reviews from critics. It reached No. 22 in the UK. The sound of the album was inspired by, among others, Jeff Beck, Badfinger, Simple Minds and McCarthy. Two singles were released: "That's No Way to Tell a Lie" (No. 18) in July, which was also the background music to the BBC's Match of the Day's 'Goal of the Month' competition, and then "An English Gentleman" (No. 31) in September. The latte

user: What is Solo Work?

assistant: In late 2005, both Bradfield and Wire announced that they intended to release solo material prior to a new album by the band.
Título: Enrique Iglesias
Seção: 2002-2004: Quizas and 7
Background: Enrique Miguel Iglesias Preysler (; Spanish pronunciation: [en'rike mi'gel i'glesjas 'preizler]; born 8 May 1975) is a Spanish singer, songwriter, actor and record producer. He is widely regarded as the King of Latin Pop.

Conteúdo: In 2002, Iglesias decided to release a fourth Spanish-language album titled Quizas (Perhaps). A more polished musical production than his previous Spanish albums and containing more introspective songs, the album's title track is a song about the strained relationship Iglesias has with his famous father.  The album debuted at number twelve on the Billboard 200 albums chart, the highest placement of a Spanish language album on the chart at that period. Quizas sold a million copies in a week, making it the fastest-selling album in Spanish in five years. The three singles released from the album all ended up topping the Latin chart, giving Iglesias a total of sixteen number ones on the chart. He currently holds the record for the most number one singles on Billboard's Latin Chart. His last single from the album, "Para Que La Vida", reached a million spins on U.S. radio, the only Spanish language song to do so.  The video to the song "Quizas" was the first Spanish language music video to be added to the selection on one of MTV's popular shows, Total Request Live. Iglesias performed the song on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, becoming the first to sing a Spanish song on the show, and opening doors for other artists such as Ricky Martin, Juanes and Jorge Drexler to perform their Spanish material. Iglesias included songs from Quizas in his "Don't Turn Off the Lights Tour", and the album went on to win the Latin Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album.  By 2003 Iglesias released his se

user: Did Enrique Iglesias release any albums in 2002?

assistant: In 2002, Iglesias decided to release a fourth Spanish-language album titled Quizas (Perhaps).

user: what number did it get to on the charts?

assistant: The album debuted at number twelve on the Billboard 200 albums chart,

user: How many copies were sold?

assistant: Quizas sold a million copies in a week, making it the fastest-selling album in Spanish in five years.

user: Did he release any albums in 2003?

assistant: By 2003 Iglesias released his seventh album, which he called 7, the second to be co-written by Iglesias.

user: did that album top the charts?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Was the Album 7 in English or Spanish?

assistant: The first single was the song "Addicted", and was followed closely by a remix of the song "Not in Love", featuring Kelis.
Título: Bobby Charlton
Seção: Club career
Background: Charlton is related to several professional footballers on his mother's side of the family: his uncles were Jack Milburn (Leeds United and Bradford City), George Milburn (Leeds United and Chesterfield), Jim Milburn (Leeds United and Bradford City) and Stan Milburn (Chesterfield, Leicester City and Rochdale), and legendary Newcastle United and England footballer Jackie Milburn, was his mother's cousin. However, Charlton credits much of the early development of his career to his grandfather Tanner and his mother Cissie. His elder brother, Jack, initially worked as a miner before applying to the police, only to also become a professional footballer with Leeds United. His other brother, Tommy, plays walking football for the Mature Millers club in Rotherham.

Conteúdo: On 9 February 1953, then a Bedlington Grammar School pupil, Charlton was spotted playing for East Northumberland schools by Manchester United chief scout Joe Armstrong. Charlton went on to play for England Schoolboys and the 15-year-old signed with United on 1 January 1953, along with Wilf McGuinness, also aged 15. Initially his mother was reluctant to let him commit to an insecure football career, so he began an apprenticeship as an electrical engineer; however, he went on to turn professional in October 1954.  Charlton became one of the famed Busby Babes, the collection of talented footballers who emerged through the system at Old Trafford in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s as Matt Busby set about a long-term plan of rebuilding the club after the Second World War. He worked his way through the pecking order of teams, scoring regularly for the youth and reserve sides before he was handed his first team debut against Charlton Athletic in October 1956. At the same time, he was doing his National service with the Royal Army Ordnance Corps in Shrewsbury, where Busby had advised him to apply as it meant he could still play for Manchester United at the weekend. Also doing his army service in Shrewsbury at the same time was his United teammate Duncan Edwards.  Charlton played 14 times for United in that first season, scoring twice on his debut and managing a total of 12 goals in all competitions, and including a hat-trick in a 5-1 away win over Charlton Athletic in the February. United 

user: When did his club career start?

assistant: the 15-year-old signed with United on 1 January 1953,

user: who did he play with

assistant: along with Wilf McGuinness,

user: what team did he play for

assistant: England Schoolboys

user: Where did he go after the England School Boys?

assistant: signed with United on 1 January 1953,

user: what team did he play on in the US?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: All Time Low
Seção: 2007-08: So Wrong, It's Right
Background: All Time Low is an American rock band from Towson, Maryland, a suburb of Baltimore, formed in 2003. The band currently consists of lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist Alex Gaskarth, lead guitarist and backing vocalist Jack Barakat, bassist and backing vocalist Zack Merrick and drummer Rian Dawson. The band's name is taken from lyrics in the song "Head on Collision" by New Found Glory. The band consistently tours year-long, has headlined numerous tours, and has appeared at music festivals including Warped Tour, Reading and Leeds and Soundwave.

Conteúdo: Formed while still in high school in 2003, All Time Low began covering songs by pop punk bands such as Blink-182. The band's line-up included Alex Gaskarth on vocals, Jack Barakat on guitar, TJ Ihle on lead guitar and backing vocals, Chris Cortilello on bass, and Rian Dawson on drums. Cortilello and Ihle left the band, resulting in the band laying dormant until Zack Merrick joined on bass and Gaskarth picked up guitar. They released a four-song EP in November before signing to Emerald Moon Records in 2004. They released their second EP, titled The Three Words to Remember in Dealing with the End EP later that same year. The band released their debut studio album, The Party Scene, in July 2005.  In December, it was announced that the band was no longer signed, but were attracting attention from a number of record labels. In late 2006, the band performed a showcase for John Janick the founder of record label Fueled by Ramen. They were not signed because Cute Is What We Aim For had recently been taken on by the label, which was not in a position to sign another band at the time. The band was brought to the attention of Hopeless Records by fellow touring band Amber Pacific; on March 28, 2006, it was announced that All Time Low had signed with Hopeless. The band said in an interview that they were starting to get serious about music while in their senior year of high school; following their graduation, the members focused on the group full-time, and released the Put Up or Shut Up E

user: What was "So Wrong, It's Right"?

assistant: All Time Low released their second studio album So Wrong, It's Right

user: Did they any another album's?

assistant: The band released their debut studio album, The Party Scene, in July 2005.

user: What another album's did they release?

assistant: released the Put Up or Shut Up EP in July.

user: When did they release this one?

assistant: 2006,

user: Did they release any more albums after this one?

assistant: Formed

user: How well did So wrong its right do on the charts?

assistant: It peaked at No. 62 on the Billboard 200 and No. 6 on the Independent Albums chart.
Título: Ken Saro-Wiwa
Seção: Arrest and execution
Background: Kenule Beeson "Ken" Saro-Wiwa (10 October 1941 - 10 November 1995) was a Nigerian writer, television producer, environmental activist, and winner of the Right Livelihood Award and the Goldman Environmental Prize. Saro-Wiwa was a member of the Ogoni people, an ethnic minority in Nigeria whose homeland, Ogoniland, in the Niger Delta has been targeted for crude oil extraction since the 1950s and which has suffered extreme environmental damage from decades of indiscriminate petroleum waste dumping. Initially as spokesperson, and then as president, of the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), Saro-Wiwa led a nonviolent campaign against environmental degradation of the land and waters of Ogoniland by the operations of the multinational petroleum industry, especially the Royal Dutch Shell company. He was also an outspoken critic of the Nigerian government, which he viewed as reluctant to enforce environmental regulations on the foreign petroleum companies operating in the area.

Conteúdo: Saro-Wiwa was arrested again and detained by Nigerian authorities in June 1993 but was released after a month. On 21 May 1994 four Ogoni chiefs (all on the conservative side of a schism within MOSOP over strategy) were brutally murdered. Saro-Wiwa had been denied entry to Ogoniland on the day of the murders, but he was arrested and accused of incitement to them. He denied the charges but was imprisoned for over a year before being found guilty and sentenced to death by a specially convened tribunal. The same happened to eight other MOSOP leaders who, along with Saro-Wiwa, became known as the Ogoni Nine.  Some of the defendants' lawyers resigned in protest against the alleged rigging of the trial by the Abacha regime. The resignations left the defendants to their own means against the tribunal, which continued to bring witnesses to testify against Saro-Wiwa and his peers. Many of these supposed witnesses later admitted that they had been bribed by the Nigerian government to support the criminal allegations. At least two witnesses who testified that Saro-Wiwa was involved in the murders of the Ogoni elders later recanted, stating that they had been bribed with money and offers of jobs with Shell to give false testimony, in the presence of Shell's lawyer.  The trial was widely criticised by human rights organisations and, half a year later, Ken Saro-Wiwa received the Right Livelihood Award for his courage, as well as the Goldman Environmental Prize.  On 10 November 1995, Saro-Wi

user: Why was Saro-Wiwa arrested?

assistant: he was arrested and accused of incitement

user: Was he placed in jail?

assistant: was imprisoned for over a year before being found guilty and sentenced to death
Título: Hilltop Hoods
Seção: 2003-2007: The Calling and The Hard Road
Background: Hilltop Hoods are an Australian hip hop group that formed in 1994 in Blackwood, Adelaide, South Australia. The group was founded by Suffa (Matthew David Lambert) and MC Pressure (Daniel Howe Smith), who were joined by DJ Debris (Barry John M. Francis) after fellow founder, DJ Next (Ben John Hare), left in 1999. The group released its first extended play, Back

Conteúdo: On 22 September 2003, Hilltop Hoods released their third album, The Calling, which became a commercial breakthrough. In an interview after the release of their fourth album, Suffa revealed that The Calling was recorded on his mother's computer and the simplicity of their 'studio' is the reason why some of the music on the album is in monaural ('mono') sound.  The Calling entered the ARIA Albums Chart in March 2004 and reached No. 53 before exiting the top 100 in September of the same year. By December 2006 it was certified platinum for shipment of 70,000 units, becoming the first Australian hip hop album to achieve platinum status. In March 2012, it re-entered the chart and peaked at No. 50 - eight-and-a-half years after its first release. It featured two singles, "The Nosebleed Section" and "Dumb Enough", which were listed in the Triple J Hottest 100, 2003. "The Nosebleed Section" was ranked No. 17 in the Triple J Hottest 100 of All Time in 2009. Hilltop Hoods' chart and commercial success was a turning point in the Australian Hip Hop scene because it demonstrated widespread support for the genre that reached beyond an underground fan base.  On 1 April 2006, the group followed with their fourth album, The Hard Road, which peaked at number one. It was the first Australian hip hop album to do so. It was certified gold within a week of being released. Its lead single, "Clown Prince", reached the top 30 on the related ARIA Singles Chart. It featured guest verses from New York ra

user: Was the  Calling and the Hard a song?

assistant: On 22 September 2003, Hilltop Hoods released their third album, The Calling, which became a commercial breakthrough.

user: Was this album on the top charts?

assistant: The Calling entered the ARIA Albums Chart in March 2004 and reached No. 53 before exiting the top 100 in September of the same year.

user: Did they do any touring with this album?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER