Título: Ruhollah Khomeini
Seção: Opposition to the White Revolution
Background: Sayyid Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (Persian: syd rwHllh mwswy khmyny [ru:hol'la:he khomei'ni:] ( listen); 24 September 1902 - 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader and politician. He was the founder of Iran as an Islamic republic and the leader of its 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of 2500 years of Persian monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.

Conteúdo: In January 1963, the Shah announced the "White Revolution", a six-point programme of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests, electoral changes to enfranchise women and allow non-Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools. Some of these initiatives were regarded as dangerous, especially by the powerful and privileged Shi'a ulama (religious scholars), and as Westernizing trends by traditionalists (Khomeini viewed them as "an attack on Islam"). Ayatollah Khomeini summoned a meeting of the other senior marjas of Qom and persuaded them to decree a boycott of the referendum on the White Revolution. On 22 January 1963 Khomeini issued a strongly worded declaration denouncing the Shah and his plans. Two days later the Shah took an armored column to Qom, and delivered a speech harshly attacking the ulama as a class.  Khomeini continued his denunciation of the Shah's programmes, issuing a manifesto that bore the signatures of eight other senior Iranian Shia religious scholars. In it he listed the various ways in which the Shah had allegedly violated the constitution, condemned the spread of moral corruption in the country, and accused the Shah of submission to the United States and Israel. He also decreed that the Nowruz celebrations for the Iranian year 1342 (which fell on 21 March 1963) be canceled as a sign of protest against government policies. 

user: What was his opposition ot the white revolution?

assistant: ", a six-point programme of reform calling for land reform, nationalization of the forests, the sale of state-owned enterprises to private interests,

user: What were some of the points?

assistant: Muslims to hold office, profit-sharing in industry, and a literacy campaign in the nation's schools.

user: What was the second point?

assistant: summoned a meeting of the other senior marjas of Qom and persuaded them to decree a boycott of the referendum on the White Revolution.

user: What was the third point?

assistant: the Shah took an armored column to Qom, and delivered a speech harshly attacking the ulama as a class.

user: why did he attack the ulama?

assistant: On 22 January 1963 Khomeini issued a strongly worded declaration denouncing the Shah and his plans.

user: What was the other points?

assistant: issuing a manifesto that bore the signatures of eight other senior Iranian Shia religious scholars.

user: What was the last point?

assistant: condemned the spread of moral corruption in the country, and accused the Shah of submission to the United States and Israel.

user: Did he have any struggles?

assistant: the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Khomeini was detained in Qom and transferred to Tehran.