dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Gilbert and Sullivan
Seção: Gilbert before Sullivan
Background: Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the dramatist W. S. Gilbert (1836-1911) and the composer Arthur Sullivan (1842-1900) and to the works they jointly created. The two men collaborated on fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado are among the best known. Gilbert, who wrote the libretti for these operas, created fanciful "topsy-turvy" worlds where each absurdity is taken to its logical conclusion--fairies rub elbows with British lords, flirting is a capital offence, gondoliers ascend to the monarchy, and pirates emerge as noblemen who have gone astray. Sullivan, six years Gilbert's junior, composed the music, contributing memorable melodies that could convey both humour and pathos.

Conteúdo: Gilbert was born in London on 18 November 1836. His father, William, was a naval surgeon who later wrote novels and short stories, some of which included illustrations by his son. In 1861, to supplement his income, the younger Gilbert began writing illustrated stories, poems and articles of his own, many of which would later be mined as inspiration for his plays and operas, particularly Gilbert's series of illustrated poems, the Bab Ballads.  In the Bab Ballads and his early plays, Gilbert developed a unique "topsy-turvy" style in which humour was derived by setting up a ridiculous premise and working out its logical consequences, however absurd. Director and playwright Mike Leigh described the "Gilbertian" style as follows:  With great fluidity and freedom, [Gilbert] continually challenges our natural expectations. First, within the framework of the story, he makes bizarre things happen, and turns the world on its head. Thus the Learned Judge marries the Plaintiff, the soldiers metamorphose into aesthetes, and so on, and nearly every opera is resolved by a deft moving of the goalposts... His genius is to fuse opposites with an imperceptible sleight of hand, to blend the surreal with the real, and the caricature with the natural. In other words, to tell a perfectly outrageous story in a completely deadpan way.  Gilbert developed his innovative theories on the art of stage direction, following theatrical reformer Tom Robertson. At the time Gilbert began writing, theatre in Bri

user: Where did Gilbert go to school?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: When was Gilbert born?

assistant: 18 November 1836.

user: Where was Gilbert born?

assistant: Gilbert was born in London
Título: P.M. Dawn
Seção: Early history
Background: P.M. Dawn was an American hip hop act, formed in 1988 by the brothers Attrell Cordes (known by his stage name Prince Be, sometimes credited as Prince Be the Nocturnal) and Jarrett Cordes (known as DJ Minutemix) in Jersey City, New Jersey. They earned significant crossover success in the early 1990s with music that merged hip hop, older soul, and more pop-oriented urban R&B. After recording their debut single "Ode to a Forgetful Mind" in 1988, P.M. Dawn released their first album Of the Heart, of the Soul and of the Cross: The Utopian Experience in 1991 to critical acclaim.

Conteúdo: The Cordes brothers' father died of pneumonia when they were children. Further family tragedy occurred when their baby brother, Duncan, drowned at the age of two. The two elder brothers were raised by their mother and their stepfather George Brown, a founding member of Kool & the Gang.  Attrell Cordes began DJing parties and composing songs in ninth grade. Cordes, known by his stage name Prince Be, and his younger brother, Jarrett Cordes, known as DJ Minutemix, formed P.M. Dawn in 1988. The group's first demo tape was created using $600 that Prince Be had earned through his job as a night security guard at a homeless shelter.  They first approached Tommy Boy Records, the rap music subsidiary of Warner Brothers, with their demo, but they were told that they were too much like alternative hip-hoppers De La Soul, and not hardcore or ghetto, and were turned away. Eventually, Warlock, an independent record label, issued a debut single, "Ode to a Forgetful Mind", in 1989, but it went unnoticed.  The record label that released the single in the United Kingdom, Gee Street Records, found greater success. Gee Street mixed and marketed the song so that it earned considerable attention from music reviewers, and P.M. Dawn found themselves courted not just by Gee Street's head, Jon Baker, but also by most of the major UK record labels. Gee Street brought the brothers to London in 1990 to record tracks for an album; however, the label found itself facing bankruptcy during the recording. The

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The Cordes brothers' father died of pneumonia when they were children.

user: who was his mother?

assistant: The two elder brothers were raised by their mother and their stepfather George Brown,

user: Where did they grow up?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was their childhood like?

assistant: Attrell Cordes began DJing parties and composing songs in ninth grade.
Título: Peter Green (musician)
Seção: Illness and first re-emergence
Background: Peter Green (born Peter Allen Greenbaum, 29 October 1946) is a British blues rock guitarist. As the founder of Fleetwood Mac, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1998. Green's songs, such as "Albatross", "Black Magic Woman", "Oh Well", "The Green Manalishi (With the Two Prong Crown)" and "Man of the World", appeared on the record charts, and several have been adapted by a variety of musicians. Green was a major figure in the "second great epoch" of the British blues movement.

Conteúdo: Green was eventually diagnosed with schizophrenia and spent time in psychiatric hospitals undergoing electroconvulsive therapy during the mid-1970s. Many sources attest to his lethargic, trancelike state during this period. In 1977, Green was arrested for threatening his accountant Clifford Davis with a shotgun. The exact circumstances are the subject of much speculation, the most famous being that Green wanted Davis to stop sending money to him. In the 2011 BBC documentary "Peter Green: Man of the World", Green stated that at the time he had just returned from Canada needing money and that, during a telephone conversation with his accounts manager, he alluded to the fact that he had brought back a gun from his travels. His accounts manager promptly called the police, who surrounded Green's house.  In 1979, Green began to re-emerge professionally. With the help of his brother Michael, he was signed to Peter Vernon-Kell's PVK label, and produced a string of solo albums starting with 1979's In the Skies. He also made an uncredited appearance on Fleetwood Mac's double album Tusk, on the song "Brown Eyes", released the same year.  In 1981, Green contributed to "Rattlesnake Shake" and "Super Brains" on Mick Fleetwood's solo album The Visitor. He recorded various sessions with a number of other musicians notably the Katmandu album A Case for the Blues with Ray Dorset of Mungo Jerry, Vincent Crane from The Crazy World of Arthur Brown and Len Surtees of The Nashville Teens. Despite a

user: what illness did he face?

assistant: Green was eventually diagnosed with schizophrenia

user: how did that effect his career

assistant: Many sources attest to his lethargic, trancelike state during this period.

user: did he continue making music?

assistant: produced a string of solo albums starting with 1979's In the Skies.

user: what year was he diagnosed?

assistant: mid-1970s.
Título: Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Seção: General elections
Background: Recep Tayyip Erdogan (Turkish pronunciation: [re'dZep taj'jip 'aerdo(W)an] ( listen); born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician serving as the current President of Turkey, holding the position since 2014. He previously served as Prime Minister from 2003 to 2014 and as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to general election victories in 2002, 2007 and 2011 before standing down upon his election as President in 2014.

Conteúdo: In 2001, Erdogan established the Justice and Development Party (AKP). The elections of 2002 were the first elections in which Erdogan participated as a party leader. All parties previously elected to parliament failed to win enough votes to re-enter the parliament. The AKP won 34.3% of the national vote and formed the new government. Turkish stocks rose more than 7% on Monday morning. Politicians of the previous generation, such as Ecevit, Bahceli, Yilmaz and Ciller, resigned. The second largest party, the CHP, received 19.4% of the votes. The AKP won a landslide victory in the parliament, taking nearly two-thirds of the seats. Erdogan could not become Prime Minister as he was still banned from politics by the judiciary for his speech in Siirt. Gul became the Prime Minister instead. In December 2002, the Supreme Election Board canceled the general election results from Siirt due to voting irregularities and scheduled a new election for 9 February 2003. By this time, party leader Erdogan was able to run for parliament due to a legal change made possible by the opposition Republican People's Party. The AKP duly listed Erdogan as a candidate for the rescheduled election, which he won, becoming Prime Minister after Gul handed over the post.  On 14 April 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in Ankara to protest against the possible candidacy of Erdogan in the 2007 presidential election, afraid that if elected as President, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish stat

user: what happened in the general elections?

assistant: The elections of 2002 were the first elections in which Erdogan participated as a party leader.

user: what did he do as party leader?

assistant: In 2001, Erdogan established the Justice and Development Party (AKP).

user: what did that party do?

assistant: The AKP won 34.3% of the national vote
Título: Joseph Carr
Seção: Ban on use of college players
Background: Carr was born Joseph Francis Karr on October 23, 1879, at his parents' home in the Irish neighborhood on the East End of Columbus, Ohio. His father, Michael Karr, was a shoemaker who was born in Ireland in 1841 and immigrated to the United States in 1864. His mother Margaret Karr was born in New York to Irish immigrant parents. Carr had five older siblings, Bridget, James, John, Mary, and Michael, and a younger brother, Edward.

Conteúdo: In the early 20th century, college football was the dominant version of the sport, and professional teams would sometimes pay college players to play for them, often under assumed names. The practice was considered questionable ethically, resulting in taint being associated with the professional game. In order to remove the taint, and to engender peaceful relations with the college game, Carr made it one of his first goals as league president to impose a strict ban the use of college football players. Indeed, at the same meeting at which Carr was elected president, the APFA adopted a rule prohibiting teams from using players who had not completed their college course.  Carr enforced the ban with vigor. During the 1921 APFA season, two or three college players from Notre Dame played for the Green Bay Acme Packers under assumed names. The incident resulted in the players losing their amateur status and being barred from further college football participation. In January 1922, Carr responded with the severest possible action, kicking the Packers out of the APFA. A few months later, a group headed by future Hall of Famer Curly Lambeau applied for and was granted the Green Bay franchise.  The 1925 Chicago Cardinals-Milwaukee Badgers scandal followed four years later. In December 1925, four high school students played for the Milwaukee Badgers in a game against the Chicago Cardinals. Carr responded by imposing stiff penalties. The Milwaukee club was fined $500 and given 90 days wit

user: Who initiated the ban?

assistant: the APFA adopted a rule prohibiting teams from using players who had not completed their college course.
Título: Red Skelton
Seção: "Doughnut Dunkers"
Background: Richard "Red" Skelton (July 18, 1913 - September 17, 1997) was an American comedy entertainer. He was best known for his national radio and television acts between 1937 and 1971, and as host of the television program The Red Skelton Show. He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio and television, and also appeared in burlesque, vaudeville, films, nightclubs, and casinos, all while he pursued an entirely separate career as an artist. Skelton began developing his comedic and pantomime skills from the age of 10, when he became part of a traveling medicine show.

Conteúdo: Skelton and Edna worked for a year in Camden, New Jersey, and were able to get an engagement at Montreal's Lido Club in 1934 through a friend who managed the chorus lines at New York's Roxy Theatre. Despite an initial rocky start, the act was a success, and brought them more theater dates throughout Canada.  Skelton's performances in Canada led to new opportunities and the inspiration for a new, innovative routine that brought him recognition in the years to come. While performing in Montreal, the Skeltons met Harry Anger, a vaudeville producer for New York City's Loew's State Theatre. Anger promised the pair a booking as a headlining act at Loew's, but they would need to come up with new material for the engagement. While the Skeltons were having breakfast in a Montreal diner, Edna had an idea for a new routine as she and Skelton observed the other patrons eating doughnuts and drinking coffee. They devised the "Doughnut Dunkers" routine, with Skelton's visual impressions of how different people ate doughnuts. The skit won them the Loew's State engagement and a handsome fee.  The couple viewed the Loew's State engagement in 1937 as Skelton's big chance. They hired New York comedy writers to prepare material for the engagement, believing they needed more sophisticated jokes and skits than the routines Skelton normally performed. However, his New York audience did not laugh or applaud until Skelton abandoned the newly written material and began performing the "Doughnut Dunkers"

user: What is the term doughnut dunkers

assistant: They devised the "Doughnut Dunkers" routine, with Skelton's visual impressions of how different people ate doughnuts.

user: was it amusing

assistant: The skit won them the Loew's State engagement and a handsome fee.

user: how much was the fee?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Neil Simon
Seção: Characters
Background: Marvin Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright, screenwriter and author. He has written more than 30 plays and nearly the same number of movie screenplays, mostly adaptations of his plays. He has received more combined Oscar and Tony nominations than any other writer. Simon grew up in New York during the Great Depression, with his parents' financial hardships affecting their marriage, giving him a mostly unhappy and unstable childhood.

Conteúdo: Simon's characters are typically portrayed as "imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings", according to Koprince, and she traces Simon's style of comedy to that of Menander, a playwright of ancient Greece. Menander, like Simon, also used average people in domestic life settings, the stories also blending humor and tragedy into his themes. Many of Simon's most memorable plays are built around two-character scenes, as in segments of California Suite and Plaza Suite.  Before writing, Simon tries to create an image of his characters. He says that the play, Star Spangled Girl which was a box-office failure, was "the only play I ever wrote where I did not have a clear visual image of the characters in my mind as I sat down at the typewriter." Simon considers "character building" as an obligation, stating that the "trick is to do it skillfully". While other writers have created vivid characters, they have not created nearly as many as Simon: "Simon has no peers among contemporary comedy playwrights," states biographer Robert Johnson.  Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling "zingers," believable due to Simon's skill with writing dialogue. He reproduces speech so "adroitly" that his characters are usually plausible and easy for audiences to identify with and laugh at. His characters may also express "serious and continuing concerns of mankind ... rather than purely topical material". McGovern notes that his characters are always impatient "wi

user: Who is the most famous character he wrote?

assistant:   Simon's characters often amuse the audience with sparkling "zingers,

user: What type of characters did he enjoy writing?

assistant: Simon's characters are typically portrayed as "imperfect, unheroic figures who are at heart decent human beings",
Título: Émilie du Châtelet
Seção: Contribution to philosophy
Background: Gabrielle Emilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise Du Chatelet (French pronunciation: [emili dy Satle] ( listen); 17 December 1706  - 10 September 1749) was a French natural philosopher, mathematician, physicist, and author during the early 1730s until her untimely death due to childbirth in 1749. Her most recognized achievement is her translation of and commentary on Isaac Newton's book Principia containing basic laws of physics. The translation, published posthumously in 1759, is still considered the standard French translation today. Her commentary includes a profound contribution to Newtonian mechanics--the postulate of an additional conservation law for total energy, of which kinetic energy of motion is one element.

Conteúdo: In addition to producing famous translations of works by authors such as Bernard Mandeville and Isaac Newton, Du Chatelet wrote a number of significant philosophical essays, letters and books that were well known in her time.  Because of her well-known collaboration and romantic involvement with Voltaire, which spanned much of her adult life, for generations Du Chatelet has been known as mistress and collaborator to her much better known intellectual companion. Her accomplishments and achievements have often been subsumed under his, and as a result, even today she is often mentioned only within the context of Voltaire's life and work during the period of the early French Enlightenment.  Recently, however, professional philosophers and historians have transformed the reception of Du Chatelet. Historical evidence indicates that Du Chatelet's work had a very significant influence on the philosophical and scientific conversations of the 1730s and 1740s - in fact, she was famous and respected by the greatest thinkers of her time.  Du Chatelet corresponded with renowned mathematicians such as Johann II Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler, early developers of calculus. She was also tutored by Bernoulli's prodigy students, Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertuis and Alexis Claude Clairaut. Frederick the Great of Prussia, who re-founded the Academy of Sciences in Berlin, was her great admirer, and corresponded with both Voltaire and Du Chatelet regularly. He introduced Du Chatelet to the Leibniz's

user: What was her contribution to philosophy

assistant: Du Chatelet wrote a number of significant philosophical essays, letters and books

user: When did she start writing about philosophy

assistant: significant influence on the philosophical and scientific conversations of the 1730s and 1740s -

user: Can you tell me some things she wrote

assistant: translations of works by authors such as Bernard Mandeville and Isaac Newton,

user: who did she look up to

assistant: Du Chatelet corresponded with renowned mathematicians such as Johann II Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler, early developers of calculus.

user: Did she contribute anything of importance

assistant: Perhaps most intriguingly, many of her ideas were represented in various sections of the Encyclopedie of Diderot and D'Alembert,
Título: Muhammad Yunus
Seção: Political activity
Background: Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: muhaammd iunuus; born 28 June 1940) is a Bangladeshi social entrepreneur, banker, economist, and civil society leader who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the Grameen Bank and pioneering the concepts of microcredit and microfinance. These loans are given to entrepreneurs too poor to qualify for traditional bank loans. In 2006, Yunus and the Grameen Bank were jointly awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts through microcredit to create economic and social development from below". The Norwegian Nobel Committee said that "lasting peace cannot be achieved unless large population groups find ways in which to break out of poverty" and that "across cultures and civilizations, Yunus and Grameen Bank have shown that even the poorest of the poor can work to bring about their own development".

Conteúdo: In early 2006 Yunus, along with other members of the civil society including Professor Rehman Sobhan, Justice Muhammad Habibur Rahman, Dr Kamal Hossain, Matiur Rahman, Mahfuz Anam and Debapriya Bhattacharya, participated in a campaign for honest and clean candidates in national elections. He considered entering politics in the later part of that year. On 11 February 2007, Yunus wrote an open letter, published in the Bangladeshi newspaper Daily Star, where he asked citizens for views on his plan to float a political party to establish political goodwill, proper leadership and good governance. In the letter, he called on everyone to briefly outline how he should go about the task and how they can contribute to it. Yunus finally announced that he is willing to launch a political party tentatively called Citizens' Power (Nagorik Shakti) on 18 February 2007. There was speculation that the army supported a move by Yunus into politics. On 3 May, however, Yunus declared that he had decided to abandon his political plans following a meeting with the head of the interim government, Fakhruddin Ahmed.  In July 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa, Nelson Mandela, Graca Machel and Desmond Tutu convened a group of world leaders "to contribute their wisdom, independent leadership and integrity to tackle some of the world's toughest problems." Nelson Mandela announced the formation of this new group, The Elders, in a speech he delivered on the occasion of his 89th birthday. Yunus attended the 

user: What was his political affiliation?

assistant: Africa Progress Panel (APP),

user: What was their goal?

assistant: advocate at the highest levels for equitable and sustainable development in Africa.
Título: The Wallflowers
Seção: 2004-2005: Rebel, Sweetheart
Background: The Wallflowers are an American rock band formed in Los Angeles in 1989 by singer-songwriter Jakob Dylan and guitarist Tobi Miller. The band has gone through a number of personnel changes but has remained centered on Dylan. After releasing their eponymous debut album in 1992, the Wallflowers released what would become their best-known and highest-selling album, Bringing Down the Horse in 1996, which featured songs such as "One Headlight" and "6th Avenue Heartache". They went on to release an additional three albums before going on a seven-year hiatus, beginning in 2006.

Conteúdo: In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album, Rebel, Sweetheart. This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album, Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar. Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer. Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: "What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics." Dylan painted the album's cover art himself.  On October 14, 2004, the Warren Zevon tribute album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon was released, on which the Wallflowers covered Zevon's 1978 song "Lawyers, Guns and Money." In promotion of the album, the Wallflowers performed "Lawyers, Guns and Money" on the Late Show with David Letterman with Zevon's son, Jordan, on October 12, 2004.  On October 31, 2004, the Wallflowers were flown via military transport plane to the USS John C. Stennis aircraft carrier in the middle of the Pacific Ocean to perform for the returning troops.  Rebel, Sweetheart was released on May 24, 2005, and was met with positive reviews. Despite widespread critical acclaim, Rebel, Sweetheart performed relatively poorly commercially, peaking at No. 40 on the Billboard 200. However, the first single from the album, "The Beautiful Side of Somewhere", hit No. 5 on AAA radio. The second single was "God Says Nothing Back". This was the first Wallflowers album to be released on 

user: What did they do in 2004

assistant: In July 2004, the Wallflowers returned to the studio to record their fifth album,

user: What was their next album

assistant: Rebel, Sweetheart.

user: What did they try next

assistant: This time the band decided to record in Atlanta, Georgia, which is where their producer for this album,

user: What did this mean

assistant: Brendan O'Brien, is based. O'Brien also contributed on guitar.

user: What did this mean

assistant: Fred Eltringham joined the Wallflowers as their new drummer.

user: What did the band do

assistant: Jakob Dylan wrote the songs, of which keyboardist Rami Jaffee has said: "What I did notice is that kind of upbeat song with some pretty scary lyrics.
Título: Dan Povenmire
Seção: Phineas and Ferb
Background: Povenmire was born in San Diego, California on September 18, 1963, and grew up in the city of Mobile, Alabama. A child prodigy, he began drawing at age two; by the time he was ten, his work was displayed in local art shows. His first efforts in animation included a series of flip books that he produced in his school text books. As a child, Povenmire considered animator Chuck Jones his hero; in a 2009 interview, he stated that "every drawing he [Jones] did was beautiful to look at and had so much energy in it".

Conteúdo: In 1993, Povenmire and Marsh conceived the series Phineas and Ferb, based on their similar experiences of childhood summers spent outdoors. Povenmire spent 14-16 years pitching Phineas and Ferb to several networks. Most rejected it as unfeasible for the complexity of its plots, but Povenmire persevered, later observing "It was really the show we wanted to see: if this was on the air, I'd watch it, and I don't always feel that about every show I work on." Even the Walt Disney Company initially rejected Povenmire's pitch, but asked to keep the proposal packet: "Usually that means they throw it in the trash later," Povenmire recalled. Eventually Disney called Povenmire back with an acceptance, on the condition that he would produce an 11-minute pilot. He called Marsh, who was living in England, to ask him if he would like to work on the pilot; Marsh accepted immediately and moved back to the United States.  Instead of a conventional script, the pair pitched the pilot by recording reels of its storyboard, which Povenmire then mixed and dubbed to produce action and vocals. The network approved the show for a 26-episode season. Povenmire left Family Guy to create the series.  Povenmire and Marsh wanted to incorporate into Phineas and Ferb the kind of humor they had developed in their work on Rocko's Modern Life. They included action sequences and, with Disney's encouragement, featured musical numbers in every episode subsequent to "Flop Starz". Povenmire described the songs as his 

user: What did he do in Phineas and Ferb?

assistant: In 1993, Povenmire and Marsh conceived the series Phineas and Ferb, based on their similar experiences of childhood summers spent outdoors.

user: was he an animator?

assistant: Povenmire spent 14-16 years pitching Phineas and Ferb to several networks. Most rejected it as unfeasible for the complexity of its plots, but Povenmire persevered,
Título: David McCullough
Seção: Youth and growth
Background: David Gaub McCullough (; born July 7, 1933) is an American author, narrator, historian, and lecturer. He is a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian award. Born and raised in Pittsburgh, McCullough earned a degree in English literature from Yale University.

Conteúdo: McCullough was born in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Ruth (nee Rankin) and Christian Hax McCullough. He is of Scots-Irish descent. He was educated at Linden Avenue Grade School and Shady Side Academy, in his hometown of Pittsburgh. One of four sons, McCullough had a "marvelous" childhood with a wide range of interests, including sports and drawing cartoons. McCullough's parents and his grandmother, who read to him often, introduced him to books at an early age. His parents often talked about history, a topic he says should be discussed more often. McCullough "loved school, every day"; he contemplated many career choices, ranging from architect, actor, painter, writer, to lawyer, and contemplated attending medical school for a time.  In 1951, McCullough began attending Yale University. He said that it was a "privilege" to study English at Yale because of faculty members such as John O'Hara, John Hersey, Robert Penn Warren, and Brendan Gill. McCullough occasionally ate lunch with the Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and playwright Thornton Wilder. Wilder, says McCullough, taught him that a competent writer maintains "an air of freedom" in the storyline, so that a reader will not anticipate the outcome, even if the book is non-fiction.  While at Yale, he became a member of Skull and Bones. He served apprenticeships at Time, Life, the United States Information Agency, and American Heritage, where he enjoyed research. "Once I discovered the e

user: Where was he born

assistant: McCullough was born in the Point Breeze neighborhood of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,

user: What did they try next

assistant: the son of Ruth (nee Rankin) and Christian Hax McCullough. He is of Scots-Irish descent.

user: What did they say

assistant: One of four sons, McCullough had a "marvelous" childhood with a wide range of interests, including sports and drawing cartoons.

user: What was his next weekened

assistant: School and Shady Side Academy, in his hometown of Pittsburgh.

user: What was there next choice

assistant: McCullough's parents and his grandmother, who read to him often, introduced him to books at an early age.

user: What did they joke about

assistant: parents often talked about history, a topic he says should be discussed more often. McCullough "loved school, every day

user: What did he read about

assistant: he contemplated many career choices, ranging from architect, actor, painter, writer, to lawyer, and contemplated attending medical school for a time.
Título: Richard I of England
Seção: Captivity, ransom and return
Background: Richard I (8 September 1157 - 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was known as Richard Coeur de Lion or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior.

Conteúdo: Bad weather forced Richard's ship to put in at Corfu, in the lands of the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos, who objected to Richard's annexation of Cyprus, formerly Byzantine territory. Disguised as a Knight Templar, Richard sailed from Corfu with four attendants, but his ship was wrecked near Aquileia, forcing Richard and his party into a dangerous land route through central Europe. On his way to the territory of his brother-in-law Henry the Lion, Richard was captured shortly before Christmas 1192 near Vienna by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, who accused Richard of arranging the murder of his cousin Conrad of Montferrat. Moreover, Richard had personally offended Leopold by casting down his standard from the walls of Acre.  Duke Leopold kept him prisoner at Durnstein Castle under the care of Leopold's ministerialis Hadmar of Kuenring. His mishap was soon known to England, but the regents were for some weeks uncertain of his whereabouts. While in prison, Richard wrote Ja nus hons pris or Ja nuls om pres ("No man who is imprisoned"), which is addressed to his half-sister Marie de Champagne. He wrote the song, in French and Occitan versions, to express his feelings of abandonment by his people and his sister. The detention of a crusader was contrary to public law, and on these grounds Pope Celestine III excommunicated Duke Leopold.  On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle. Henry VI was ag

user: Who was held in captivity?

assistant: Richard was captured shortly before Christmas 1192 near Vienna by Leopold V, Duke of Austria,

user: Why was he captured?

assistant: Leopold V, Duke of Austria, who accused Richard of arranging the murder of his cousin Conrad of Montferrat.

user: When was he released?

assistant: On 28 March 1193 Richard was brought to Speyer and handed over to Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, who imprisoned him in Trifels Castle.

user: What happened after he was imprisoned?

assistant: The money to rescue the King was transferred to Germany by the emperor's ambassadors,

user: What did Germany do?

assistant: finally, on 4 February 1194 Richard was released.

user: What did he do after being released?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Fairport Convention
Seção: 1998--present
Background: Fairport Convention are a British folk rock band. Formed in 1967, they are widely regarded as a key group in the English folk rock movement. Their seminal album Liege & Lief is considered to have launched the British folk rock movement, which provided a distinctively English identity to rock music and helped awaken much wider interest in traditional music in general. The band have drawn heavily on the Child Ballads, songs of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century.

Conteúdo: In 1998, Dave Mattacks moved to the USA and Gerry Conway took over on drums and percussion. Fairport produced two more studio albums for Woodworm Records: The Wood and the Wire (2000) and XXXV (2002). Then for Over the Next Hill (2004) they established a new label: Matty Grooves Records. In this period the band toured extensively in the UK, Europe, Australasia, Europe, the USA and Canada, and staged a major fund raiser for Dave Swarbrick at the Birmingham Symphony Hall. In 1998, members of the band began their association with the Breton musician Alan Simon. Working in collaboration with numerous others, members of Fairport (predominantly Nicol and Leslie) have performed in and participated in the recordings of all Simon's rock operas, including the Excalibur trilogy (1998, 2007, 2010) and Anne de Bretagne (2008).  2007 was their fortieth anniversary year and they celebrated by releasing a new album, Sense of Occasion. They performed the whole of the Liege & Lief album live at Cropredy, since 2004 renamed Fairport's Cropredy Convention, featuring the 1969 line-up of Dave Swarbrick, Ashley Hutchings, Dave Mattacks, Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson, with singer-songwriter Chris While taking the place of Sandy Denny. Footage of the festival, although not the Liege and Lief performance, was released as part of a celebratory DVD.  The band's first official YouTube video appeared in April 2008. Edited from footage shot for the DVD, the nine-minute mini-documentary includes intervie

user: Who are the current band members

assistant: 1969 line-up of Dave Swarbrick, Ashley Hutchings, Dave Mattacks, Simon Nicol and Richard Thompson, with singer-songwriter Chris

user: Have they won any awards recently

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what have they been up to anything that stands out?

assistant: 2007 was their fortieth anniversary year and they celebrated by releasing a new album, Sense of Occasion.

user: How popular was this album

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Have they had any hit singles

assistant: the band also released By Popular Request, a reworking in the studio of a number of the most popular songs
Título: Ghostface Killah
Seção: Early work
Background: Dennis Coles (born May 9, 1970), better known by his stage name Ghostface Killah, is an American rapper and member of the Wu-Tang Clan. After the group achieved breakthrough success in the aftermath of Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers), the members went on to pursue solo careers to varying levels of success. Ghostface Killah debuted his solo-career with Ironman in 1996, which was well received by music critics. He has continued his success over the following years with critically acclaimed albums such as Supreme Clientele (2000) and Fishscale (2006).

Conteúdo: A roommate of Wu-Tang founder RZA, Ghostface helped bring together the other seven members. In 1995, Ghostface guest-starred extensively on fellow Clan member Raekwon's debut album, Only Built 4 Cuban Linx..., appearing on almost every song and receiving nearly equal billing. He also contributed songs to the Sunset Park and Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood soundtracks, which would be included on his first solo LP, Ironman, in 1996. The album, which debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200, had a more pronounced soul influence (particularly 1970s soul) than previous Wu-Tang releases, and Ghostface's future albums would continue to feature this stylistic trait.  In 2000, he released his second studio album Supreme Clientele. The album was well received by critics and peaked #7 on the Billboard 200. It included "Apollo Kids", a popular single which featured Raekwon and had a sample of "Cool Breeze" by Solomon Burke. "Cherchez LaGhost", another single off the album, became a minor club hit. Supreme Clientele would be a turning point in RZA's influence on his sound, as only six songs are produced by the RZA, compared to Ironman, its predecessor where every song but one is produced by him. Though he contributed fewer beats to the project, RZA personally oversaw the mixing and production of the album as a whole, contributing to Supreme Clientele's unified sound.  Ghostface wasted little time in recording his next album, the heavily R&B-influenced Bu

user: What are some of his early works about?

assistant: In 1995, Ghostface guest-starred extensively on fellow Clan member Raekwon's debut album, Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...,

user: What other albums did he work on?

assistant: contributed songs to the Sunset Park and Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood soundtracks,

user: Who was his inspiration when he got his start?

assistant: The album, which debuted at #2 on the Billboard 200, had a more pronounced soul influence (particularly 1970s soul)

user: Did he have other influences?

assistant: the heavily R&B-influenced Bulletproof Wallets,

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: In 2000, he released his second studio album Supreme Clientele.

user: How many studio albums did he release?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he have trouble getting produced when he started?

assistant: appearing on almost every song and receiving nearly equal billing.

user: What appears on almost every song?

assistant: Ghostface
If you withdrew from school and the school didn t make a required return of loan funds to the loan servicer, you might be eligible for a discharge of your federal student loans. 
Learn more about the unpaid refund discharge to see whether you might qualify. If you withdrew from school after receiving a loan made under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Direct Loan Program or Federal Family Education Loan FFEL Program , the school may have been required under federal regulations to return some or all of the loan money to your loan servicer. If the school didn t make a required return of the loan funds after you withdrew , you might be eligible for a discharge of the portion of your loan that the school failed to return. 

How do I apply for unpaid refund discharge? 
If the school that you attended is still open , you should contact that school and attempt to resolve the issue with the school before applying for an unpaid refund discharge. If the school that you attended has closed , you should first determine if you may be eligible for a closed school discharge instead. Contact your loan servicer for more information. Find out who your loan servicer is by logging in to My Federal Student Aid. If you re ready to apply for the unpaid refund discharge , you must complete the Loan Discharge Application: Unpaid Refund and send the completed form to your loan servicer. 

How much of my loan will be discharged if I m approved for a loan discharge? 
Only the portion of your loan that your school should have returned will be discharged. Contact your loan servicer for more information. 

I m a parent who received a Direct PLUS Loan to help pay for my child s education. Can my loan be discharged due to unpaid refund? 
Yes , if your child withdrew from school but the school didn t make a required return of your parent PLUS loan funds , the amount of the loan that the school should have returned will be discharged. Contact your loan servicer for more information. 

user: Hello, I have an issue. I withdrew from school and I'm wondering about some things regarding the return of my loan funds.

assistant: You're in the right place then. Here you can learn more about the unpaid refund discharge to see whether you might qualify.

assistant: Did you withdraw from school after receiving a loan made under the William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Direct Loan Program or Federal Family Education Loan FFEL Program?

user: No, that isn't the case.

assistant: Did the school NOT make a required return of the loan funds after you withdrew?

user: No, they returned the loan funds.

user: So how much of my loan will be discharged if I was approved for that?

assistant: Only the portion of your loan that your school should have returned will be discharged. Contact your loan servicer for more information.
Mustard gas or lewisite exposure 
If you had contact with mustard gas also known as sulfur mustard, yperite, or nitrogen mustard or lewisite, a natural compound that contains the poison arsenic , you may have certain related long - term illnesses. Find out if you can get disability compensation or benefits. 

Can I get disability benefits from VA? 
You may be able to get disability benefits if you have a disability believed to be caused by contact with mustard gas or lewisite and your military record shows you had contact with mustard gas or lewisite. If you were in the Army and served in these places : Bari , Italy Bushnell , FL Camp Lejeune , NC Camp Sibert, AL Dugway Proving Ground , UT Edgewood Arsenal , MD Naval Research Lab , Washington, DC Ondal , India Rocky Mountain Arsenal , CO San Jose Island , Panama Canal Zone If you were in the Navy and served in these places : Bari , Italy Camp Lejeune , NC Charleston , SC Great Lakes Naval Training Center , IL Hart s Island , NY Naval Training Center , Bainbridge, MD Naval Research Laboratory , VA Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC USS Eagle Boat 58 Some service members who took part in testing in these places : Finschhafen , New Guinea Porton Down , England Select merchant seamen were also exposed at Bari, Italy. 

Who s covered? 
Veterans 

What kind of disability benefits can I get? 
Health care Compensation payments 

How do I get these benefits? 
You ll need to file a claim for disability compensation. You have to claim an actual disease or disability. It s not enough to state that you were exposed to mustard gas or lewisite during service. You ll need to apply based on the illnesses believed to be caused by your contact with one of these chemicals. When you send in your claim , be sure to share any military records that show you had contact with blistering agents. Find out how to file a claim for disability compensation 

What if I need help filing my disability claim? 
If you have questions about ben

user: hi i need help about Can I get benefits by volunteering for research involving chemical and biological testing?

assistant: Are you one of the 60,000 veterans who volunteered?
Corrected Card for a Noncitizen Adult 
If you change your name, become a U.S. citizen , or your immigration status or work authorization has changed , you need to tell Social Security so we can update our records and when necessary, issue a new card. When you request a replacement or a corrected Social Security card , you must show us proof of your identity, immigration status and work authorization. In addition , if you need to change or correct any information on your Social Security card , you need to show us certain documents about the change. We can only accept certain documents. 

What documents do I need to prove my identity? 
Social Security will ask to see your current U.S. immigration documents. Acceptable documents include : I-551 Permanent Resident Card I-94 Arrival / Departure Record with unexpired foreign passport, or admission stamp in the unexpired foreign passport ; or I-766 Employment Authorization Document , EAD, work permit from DHS. Important You must present original documents or copies certified by the agency that issued them. We cannot accept photocopies or notarized copies. All documents must be current not expired. We cannot accept a receipt showing you applied for the document. We may use one document for two purposes. For example , we may use your U.S. passport as proof of both citizenship and identity. 

What other documents do I need? 
Name Change If you legally change your name because of marriage, divorce, court order, or any other reason , you should tell Social Security. If you are working , you also need to tell your employer. If you do not tell us when your name changes , it may : Prevent your wages from being posted correctly to your Social Security record, which may lower the amount of your future Social Security benefits. Cause delays when you file your taxes. You must show us proof of your legal name change. Documents Social Security may accept to prove a legal name change include : Marriage document ; Divorce decree ; Court

user: what documents do I need to get a Social Security Card?

assistant: null