Título: Indigenous peoples of the Americas
Seção: Pre-Columbian era
Background: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers--and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are--many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering.

Conteúdo: The Pre-Columbian era refers to all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European and African influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original arrival in the Upper Paleolithic to European colonization during the early modern period.  While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the pre-contact Mesoamerican indigenous societies: Olmec; Toltec; Teotihuacano' Zapotec; Mixtec; Aztec and Maya civilizations; and the complex cultures of the Andes: Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, and Canari.  The Norte Chico civilization (in present-day Peru) is one of the defining six original civilizations of the world, arising independently around the same time as that of Egypt. Many later pre-Columbian civilizations achieved great complexity, with hallmarks that included permanent or urban settlements, agriculture, civic and monumental architecture, and complex societal hierarchies. Some of these civilizations had long faded by the time of the first significant European and African arrivals (ca. late 15th-early 16th centuries), and are known only through oral history and through archaeological investigations. Others were contemp

user: What is an example of a indigenous group?

assistant: Olmec; Toltec; Teotihuacano' Zapotec; Mixtec; Aztec and Maya civilizations;

user: Who are the Olmec?

assistant: A few, such as the Mayan, Olmec, Mixtec, and Nahua peoples, had their own written languages and records.

user: What other cultural elements they had?

assistant: the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them.

user: Did their culture change?

assistant: the European colonists of the time worked to eliminate non-Christian beliefs, and burned many pre-Columbian written records.

user: What happened in the aftermath?

assistant: Only a few documents remained hidden and survived, leaving contemporary historians with glimpses of ancient culture and knowledge.

user: What are some of the examples of those artifacts?

assistant: the Aztecs built one of the largest cities in the world, Tenochtitlan, the ancient site of Mexico City, with an estimated population of 200,000.