Título: Karen Horney
Seção: Neo-Freudianism
Background: Karen Horney was born Karen Danielsen on 16 September 1885 in Blankenese, Germany, near Hamburg. Her father, Berndt Wackels Danielsen (1836-1910), was Norwegian but had German citizenship. He was a ship's captain in the merchant marine, and a Protestant traditionalist (his children nicknamed him "the Bible-thrower", as he did indeed throw Bibles). Her mother, Clotilde, nee van Ronzelen (1853-1911), known as "Sonni", was also Protestant, of Dutch origin.

Conteúdo: Horney, together with fellow psychoanalyst Alfred Adler, formed the Neo-Freudian discipline.  While Horney acknowledged and agreed with Freud on many issues, she was also critical of him on several key beliefs.  Like many who held opposing views with Freud, Horney felt that sex and aggression were not the primary constituents for determining personality. Horney, along with Adler, believed there were greater influences on personality through social occurrences during childhood, rather than just repressed sexual passions. The two focused more on how the conscious mind plays a role in human personality, not just subconscious repression. Freud's notion of "penis envy" was particularly subject to criticism, as well. She thought Freud had merely stumbled upon women's jealousy of men's generic power in the world. Horney accepted that penis envy might occur occasionally in neurotic women, but stated that "womb envy" occurs just as much in men: Horney felt that men were envious of a woman's ability to bear children. The degree to which men are driven to success may be merely a substitute for the fact that they cannot carry, nurture and bear children. Horney also thought that men were envious of women because they fulfill their position in society by simply "being", whereas men achieve their manhood according to their ability to provide and succeed.  Horney was bewildered by psychiatrists' tendency to place so much emphasis on the male sexual organ. Horney also reworked the Freudian Oe

user: What were Karen's beliefs about neo-freudianism?

assistant: Horney felt that sex and aggression were not the primary constituents for determining personality.

user: What did she believe were the primary constituents for determining personality?

assistant: Horney, along with Adler, believed there were greater influences on personality through social occurrences during childhood,

user: What were these greater influences?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How were her beliefs received?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What other theories did she have regarding neo freudianism?

assistant: She thought Freud had merely stumbled upon women's jealousy

user: Why did she believe this?

assistant: Horney accepted that penis envy might occur occasionally in neurotic women, but stated that "womb envy" occurs just as much in men:

user: How did she come to this conclusion?

assistant: Horney felt that men were envious of a woman's ability to bear children.

user: What other beliefs did she have?

assistant: Horney was bewildered by psychiatrists' tendency to place so much emphasis on the male sexual organ.

user: Did others oppose her beliefs?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER