dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Olmec
Seção: Ethnicity and language
Background: The Olmecs were the earliest known major civilization in Mexico following a progressive development in Soconusco. They lived in the tropical lowlands of south-central Mexico, in the present-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. It has been speculated that the Olmecs derive in part from neighboring Mokaya or Mixe-Zoque. The Olmecs flourished during Mesoamerica's formative period, dating roughly from as early as 1500 BCE to about 400 BCE. Pre-

Conteúdo: While the actual ethno-linguistic affiliation of the Olmec remains unknown, various hypotheses have been put forward. For example, in 1968 Michael D. Coe speculated that the Olmec were Mayan predecessors.  In 1976, linguists Lyle Campbell and Terrence Kaufman published a paper in which they argued a core number of loanwords had apparently spread from a Mixe-Zoquean language into many other Mesoamerican languages. Campbell and Kaufman proposed that the presence of these core loanwords indicated that the Olmec - generally regarded as the first "highly civilized" Mesoamerican society - spoke a language ancestral to Mixe-Zoquean. The spread of this vocabulary particular to their culture accompanied the diffusion of other Olmec cultural and artistic traits that appears in the archaeological record of other Mesoamerican societies.  Mixe-Zoque specialist Soren Wichmann first critiqued this theory on the basis that most of the Mixe-Zoquean loans seemed to originate only from the Zoquean branch of the family. This implied the loanword transmission occurred in the period after the two branches of the language family split, placing the time of the borrowings outside of the Olmec period. However, new evidence has pushed back the proposed date for the split of Mixean and Zoquean languages to a period within the Olmec era. Based on this dating, the architectural and archaeological patterns and the particulars of the vocabulary loaned to other Mesoamerican languages from Mixe-Zoquean, Wichm

user: What was their ethnicity?

assistant: While the actual ethno-linguistic affiliation of the Olmec remains unknown, various hypotheses have been put forward.

user: What was their language?

assistant: published a paper in which they argued a core number of loanwords had apparently spread from a Mixe-Zoquean language into many other Mesoamerican languages.

user: What else do we know about their language?

assistant: the Olmec - generally regarded as the first "highly civilized" Mesoamerican society - spoke a language ancestral to Mixe-Zoquean.

user: What else did they do as a society?

assistant: The spread of this vocabulary particular to their culture accompanied the diffusion of other Olmec cultural and artistic traits that appears in the archaeological record of other Mesoamerican societies.

user: Is there anything else interesting?

assistant: loanword transmission occurred in the period after the two branches of the language family split, placing the time of the borrowings outside of the Olmec period.
Apply for Retirement Benefits 
Social Security offers an online retirement application that you can complete in as little as 15 minutes. It's so easy. Better yet , you can apply from the comfort of your home or office at a time most convenient for you. There's no need to drive to a local Social Security office or wait for an appointment with a Social Security representative. In most cases , once your application is submitted electronically , you're done. Social Security will process your application and contact you by telephone or by mail if any further information is needed. Apply for Retirement Benefits Return to a Saved Application|Check Application Status If you prefer to complete your application in a language other than English , the online application will give you the option to schedule an appointment to apply for benefits in your preferred language. The online application is currently only available in English. 

Questions about our Social Security Retirement Benefits Application 


Who can apply for retirement benefits online? 
You can apply online for retirement benefits or benefits as a spouse if you : are at least 61 years and 8 months old ; Are not currently receiving benefits on your own Social Security record ; have not already applied for retirement benefits ; and want your benefits to start no more than 4 months in the future. We cannot process your application if you apply for benefits more than 4 months in advance. 

What about Medicare? 
If you already have Medicare , you can still use this application to apply for retirement benefits. If you don t have Medicare but are within 3 months of age 65 , you can use this application to apply for : both retirement and Medicare ; or just Medicare , if you aren't ready to receive retirement benefits yet. For more information , go to Medicare. 

What do I need to know before I apply? 
Before you apply for retirement benefits , there are certain Social Security " basics " you should know about : Your " fu

user: How do I start the online application?

assistant: Click on the Apply for Retirement Benefits to begin the application.

assistant: Are you stuck on a screen?

user: Yes, I don't know the answer to some of them.

assistant: You can skip it and go back to it later.

user: How far in advance can I do the application?

assistant: You can apply at any time, you just won't be able to check the status until 1 month before benefits start.
Título: Michael Anthony (musician)
Seção: (1967-1974) Musical career begins
Background: Michael Anthony Sobolewski (born June 20, 1954 and legally shortened his name to Michael Anthony in 1978), is an American musician who is currently the bass player in the rock supergroup Chickenfoot and the Circle. Anthony is best known as the former bass player for the hard rock band Van Halen. Anthony is known for his stage antics, his effects-laden live solos, his number of custom-made bass guitars, including a Jack Daniel's model shaped like a whiskey bottle, and his background vocals in Van Halen. He also has a signature Schecter Guitar Research bass-guitar series.

Conteúdo: While Anthony was a promising catcher in baseball, he also competed on the Dana Junior High School track team (long jump) and played in the marching band there from 1967-1969. He took an interest in guitar as a teenager, but picked up the bass instead since most of his other friends already played guitar or drums. Anthony's friend Mike Hershey gave him a Fender Mustang electric guitar that Anthony converted by removing the two highest strings and playing it as a bass guitar. Eventually, his father bought him a Victoria copy of a Fender Precision Bass and a Gibson amplifier. Anthony mostly modelled his bass playing after Jack Bruce of Cream, but also admired Led Zeppelin's John Paul Jones and Harvey Brooks of Electric Flag. His first band was called Poverty's Children. Other bands he played in included Black Opal, Balls, and Snake. Although Anthony is naturally left-handed, he plays right-handed.  Snake, a three-piece group featuring Anthony on lead vocals and bass guitar, was the last band in which Anthony played before joining Van Halen. Snake played covers of ZZ Top, Lynyrd Skynyrd, and Foghat, along with some original songs. They played several of the same types of gigs as did the Van Halen brothers' band Mammoth. Snake even once opened for Mammoth at a show at Pasadena High School. Mammoth's PA failed that night, so Anthony lent them Snake's PA.  While attending Pasadena City College, Anthony pursued a degree in music. Eddie Van Halen also took classes there and they woul

user: How did his musical career begin?

assistant: He took an interest in guitar as a teenager, but picked up the bass instead since most of his other friends already played guitar or drums.

user: Was he in any other bands before Van Halen?

assistant: His first band was called Poverty's Children.

user: Who was in Poverty's Children with him?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he play in any other bands?

assistant: Other bands he played in included Black Opal, Balls, and Snake.

user: Did he work with any other popular artists in his early music career?

assistant: Snake, a three-piece group featuring Anthony on lead vocals and bass guitar, was the last band in which Anthony played before joining Van Halen.
Título: The Apples in Stereo
Seção: 1994-1995: Hypnotic Suggestion and Fun Trick Noisemaker
Background: The Apples in Stereo, styled as The Apples in stereo, are an American rock band associated with Elephant Six Collective, a group of bands also including Neutral Milk Hotel and The Olivia Tremor Control. The band is largely a product of lead vocalist/guitarist/producer Robert Schneider, who writes the majority of the band's music and lyrics. Currently, The Apples in Stereo also includes longstanding members John Hill (rhythm guitar) and Eric Allen (bass), as well as more recent members John Dufilho (drums), John Ferguson (keyboards), and Ben Phelan (keyboards/guitar/trumpet). The band's sound draws comparisons to the psychedelic rock of The Beatles and The Beach Boys during the 1960s, as well as to bands such as Electric Light Orchestra and Pavement, and also draws from lo-fi, garage rock, new wave, R&B, bubblegum pop, power pop, punk, electro-pop and experimental music.

Conteúdo: Several conflicts would lead Parfitt to leave the band in early 1994. John Hill, a former bandmate of McIntyre's, would join the band as a rhythm guitarist while Schneider began to grow more comfortable playing lead guitar. It was also at this time that Schneider began to take stronger creative control of the band, shifting its sound from its stronger rock qualities to a spacier pop sound. The band started work on a debut full-length album, but it instead became Hypnotic Suggestion, a second EP. However, after SpinART Records offered to buy the band an 8-track in return for an album, new plans for an LP arose.  In mid-1994, after Hypnotic Suggestion, McIntyre would be the second to leave the band, due to a number of personal distresses as well as stylistic changes that arose with Parfitt's departure. Having great difficulty finding a new permanent bassist, the band would rotate a number of frequent bass contributors, including Jeff Mangum of Neutral Milk Hotel, Kurt Heasley of The Lilys, Kyle Jones, Joel Richardson, and Joel Evans. Jim McIntyre would also occasionally guest on bass. This continued to be the makeup of the band as they toured the country in late 1994, recording the first half of their new album in Glendora, California. In early 1995, the band finished the album, Fun Trick Noisemaker, at Kyle Jones's house (the birthplace of Schneider's Pet Sounds Studio).  Now with a full-length LP to support, the band began touring again. Eric Allen, whom the band had previous

user: Who is McIntyre's favorite band?

assistant: Hypnotic Suggestion,

user: Where did the band meet?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Who else was a member of the band?

assistant: Parfitt

user: What year did the band start?

assistant: early 1994.

user: What year did they release their first album?

assistant: In early 1995, the band finished the album,

user: Which bands are they similar to?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Self-Certification 


1. Why do I have to self-certify? 
New federal regulations require all commercial drivers to certify to the Department of Motor Vehicles DMV the type of driving they perform or expect to perform. Drivers that self - certify to a non - excepted driving type NA or NI are also required to submit a copy of their USDOT Medical Examiner s Certificate. This is a nationwide safety initiative that affects commercial driver in all states. 

2. What are the self-certification driving types? 
Non - Excepted Interstate NI : Commercial driving operation is permitted across state lines , and you are required to meet the Federal medical requirements Non - Excepted Intrastate NA : Commercial driving operation is restricted to New York State only , and you are required to meet the Federal medical requirements Excepted Interstate EI : Commercial driving operation is permitted across state lines for excepted operation only and you are exempt from the Federal medical requirements Excepted Intrastate EA : Commercial driving operation is restricted to New York State, permitted for excepted operation only and you are exempt from the Federal medical requirements. 

3. What if my driving type changes? 
If your driving type changes , you must go into your local DMV office to change your self - certification driving type and have your license amended to add or delete the appropriate restrictions. A transaction fee will apply. If you are self - certifying to a non - excepted driving type NA or NI you will need to bring a copy of your valid USDOT Medical Examiners Certificate if it is not already on file with DMV. 

4. Can I change my self-certification driving type online? 
No , you must go into a DMV office. 

5. I am eligible for an excepted operation, but I have a valid DOT Medical Examiner s Certificate. What driving type should I certify to? 
You should certify to the type of driving in which you operate or expect to operate , and your CDL will have the restrictions

user: Yes, good afternoon. I need some guidance in self-certification, please.

assistant: No problem. Are you aware why you have to self-certify?

user: Yes, i think i know what is it about.

assistant: Just in case you don't have all the information, let me fill in for you. New federal regulations require from all commercial drivers to certify to DMV the type of driving they perform or expect to perform. From there the necessity of self certify.
Título: José Sarria
Seção: Military service
Background: Jose Julio Sarria also known as The Grand Mere, Absolute Empress I de San Francisco, and the Widow Norton (December 13, 1922 - August 19, 2013) was an American political activist from San Francisco, California, who in 1961 became the first openly gay candidate for public office in the United States. He is also remembered for performing as a drag queen at the Black Cat Bar and as the founder of the Imperial Court System. Jose Sarria was born to Julio Sarria and Maria Dolores Maldonado.

Conteúdo: Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Sarria became determined to join the military, despite being, at just under five feet tall, too short to meet the Army's height requirement. He seduced a major who was attached to the San Francisco recruiting station on the condition that the major approve Sarria's enlistment. Jose Sarria was approved and entered the Army Reserve, continuing his studies as he waited to be called up to active duty. Shortly before he was scheduled for induction in the regular Army, his beloved second father, Charles Millen, died of a heart attack. Sarria's induction was delayed a month, then he was sworn in and ordered to Sacramento, California, for basic training with the Signal Corps.  Because of his fluency in several languages, Sarria was assigned to Intelligence School. However, following a routine background check for security clearance, he was advised that he would no longer be in the program. Sarria assumed that it was because investigators discovered his homosexuality. "I mean I had no lisp, but I wasn't the most masculine guy in town ... So I think that they figured that I was a little bit gay." Sarria officially remained attached to the Signal Corps but was ordered to Cooks and Bakers School and trained as a cook. After graduating from cooking school, he was assigned to train as a scout, but deliberately failed the training because of the dangerous nature of the assignment. He was then assigned to the motor pool.  Through his work at the motor po

user: What happened with him at the military servcie?

assistant: He seduced a major who was attached to the San Francisco recruiting station on the condition that the major approve Sarria's enlistment.

user: What eventually happened with him and the major?

assistant: enlistment. Jose Sarria was approved and entered the Army Reserve, continuing his studies as he waited to be called up to active duty.

user: Was he eventually called for active duty?

assistant: Sarria's induction was delayed a month, then he was sworn in and ordered to Sacramento, California, for basic training with the Signal Corps.

user: Which part of the military did he serve?

assistant: He was then assigned to the motor pool.

user: How was his life at the motor pool?

assistant: Through his work at the motor pool, Sarria met a young officer named Major Mataxis.

user: What was his relation with the younger officer?

assistant: He became the major's orderly, eventually running an officers' mess in occupied Germany where he cooked for Mataxis and about ten other officers.
Título: Take That
Seção: 2014-2015: Robbie Williams's second departure, Jason Orange's departure and III
Background: Take That are an English pop group formed in Manchester, in 1989. The group currently consists of Gary Barlow, Howard Donald and Mark Owen. The original line-up also featured Jason Orange and Robbie Williams. Barlow acts as the group's lead singer and primary songwriter, with Owen and Williams initially providing backing vocals and Donald and Orange serving primarily as dancers.

Conteúdo: In May 2013, Owen announced that Take That were to begin recording their seventh studio album in 2014 and On 14 January 2014, Donald and Barlow both tweeted that Take That had entered the studio to begin recording the album, although it was not initially clear if Williams was present at these recording sessions. On 28 April 2014, Williams announced on Twitter he was to become a dad for a second time, and consequently suggested he would be unable to join Take That on their album and tour. Barlow later confirmed that Williams had left the band for a second time, although the departure was amicable and that Williams was welcome to rejoin the band in the future. Williams has since collaborated with Barlow on several projects and duet performances and indicated his interest in reuniting with the band for potential 25th anniversary commemorative events.  On 24 September 2014, it was announced that Jason Orange had left the band. He said: 'At a band meeting last week I confirmed to Mark, Gary and Howard that I do not wish to commit to recording and promoting a new album. 'At the end of The Progress Tour I began to question whether it might be the right time for me to not continue on with Take That,' he continued. 'There have been no fallings out, only a decision on my part that I no longer wish to do this,' he added. Barlow, Donald and Owen issued a joint statement about Orange's decision which said: "This is a sad day for us. Jason leaving is a huge loss both professionally and eve

user: when was robbie's second departure?

assistant: On 28 April 2014, Williams announced on Twitter he was to become a dad for a second time,

user: was he married?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: how many children?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: On 24 September 2014, it was announced that Jason Orange had left the band.
Título: P. D. Q. Bach
Seção: Compositional periods
Background: P. D. Q. Bach is a fictitious composer invented by musical satirist "Professor" Peter Schickele. Schickele developed a five-decade-long career, performing the "discovered" works of the "only forgotten son" of the Bach family. Schickele's music combines parodies of musicological scholarship, the conventions of Baroque and classical music, and slapstick. The name "P. D. Q." is a parody of the three-part names given to some members of the Bach family that are commonly reduced to initials, such as C. P. E., for Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach.

Conteúdo: Schickele divides P. D. Q. Bach's fictional musical output into three periods: the Initial Plunge, the Soused Period, and Contrition. During the Initial Plunge, P. D. Q. Bach wrote the Traumerei for solo piano, an Echo Sonata for "two unfriendly groups of instruments", and a Gross Concerto for Divers Flutes, two Trumpets, and Strings. During the Soused (or Brown-Bag) Period, P. D. Q. Bach wrote a Concerto for Horn & Hardart, a Sinfonia Concertante, a Pervertimento for Bicycle, Bagpipes, and Balloons, a Serenude, a Peruckenstuck (literally German for "Hairpiece"), a Suite from The Civilian Barber (spoofing Rossini's The Barber of Seville), a Schleptet in E-flat major, the half-act opera The Stoned Guest (the character of "The Stone Guest" from Mozart's Don Giovanni), a Concerto for Piano vs. Orchestra, Erotica Variations (Beethoven's Eroica Variations), Hansel and Gretel and Ted and Alice, an opera in one unnatural act (Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel and the 1969 film Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice), The Art of the Ground Round (Bach's The Art of Fugue), a Concerto for Bassoon vs. Orchestra, and a Grand Serenade for an Awful Lot of Winds and Percussion.  During the Contrition Period, P. D. Q. Bach wrote the cantata Iphigenia in Brooklyn (Gluck's Iphigenia in Aulis, etc.), the oratorio The Seasonings (Haydn's The Seasons), Diverse Ayres on Sundrie Notions, a Sonata for Viola Four Hands, the chorale prelude Should, a Notebook for Betty Sue Bach (Bach's Notebook for Anna Magdalena Ba

user: Who was the composer ?

assistant: Schickele divides P. D. Q. Bach's fictional musical output into three periods:

user: When did he started his work ?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What was the first period?

assistant: the Initial Plunge,
Manage Your Retirement Benefits 
Successfully filing for retirement benefits isn t the end of your Social Security journey. We have resources to save you time on important retirement tasks and keep you in control of your Social Security account benefits through a free my Social Security account. 

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A free my Social Security account makes it easy to manage your information. Create An Account Jump to a topic on this page : Understand Your Benefits / Inform Us Of Changes / Use Our Resources And Services To Stay In Control / Keep Your Information Secure 

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Effectively managing your retirement benefits is an ongoing part of retired life. A solid foundation for this includes understanding what you re entitled to, staying up to date on program changes, and making sure we have your current information. 

Know What You're Entitled To 
Help ensure you get the retirement benefits you should by reviewing the basics like how we determine your benefit amount and who else in your family might be eligible. Visit our Learn About Retirement Benefits page to make sure you know the basics of retirement benefits. 

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With SSA.gov , there are a few ways to stay in the know on the latest Social Security information : Subscribe to our Social Security Matters blog to hear from us on tips, tools, and updates on Social Security issues important to you. Check our annual Cost - of - Living Adjustments COLA updates and learn about any impact to your monthly benefit amount. Subscribe to our Email Digest for information to you on policy changes, agency news, and notifications on important events. Create your personal my Social Security account to receive important notices online through the Message Center. The Message Center is a secure, convenient portal where you can receive sensitive communications we don t send through email or text. 

Additional Information 
Explore The Benefits You May Be Due Benefits For Your Family 

F

user: Hello, can you please tell me how I can keep my personal information secure?

assistant: Of course. Identity theft affects millions of people each year and can cause serious financial and identity-related problems.

user: Well, but before we get to that, what should I know regarding my retirement benefits?

assistant: Help ensure you get the retirement benefits you should by reviewing the basics like how we determine your benefit amount and who else in your family might be eligible. Visit our Learn About Retirement Benefits page to make sure you know the basics of retirement benefits.

user: Alright, I'll read that page. So, what should I do to report any suspicious activity?

assistant: Do you want to know what to do if you receive a suspicious call from someone claiming to be from Social Security?
Título: Sevendust
Seção: Early years and Sevendust (1994-1998)
Background: Sevendust is an American alternative metal band from Atlanta, Georgia, formed in 1994 by bassist Vince Hornsby, drummer Morgan Rose and guitarist John Connolly. After their first demo, lead vocalist Lajon Witherspoon and guitarist Clint Lowery joined the group. Following a few name changes, the members settled on the name Sevendust and released their self-titled debut album on April 15, 1997. They have attained success with three consecutive RIAA gold certified albums, a Grammy nomination, and have sold millions of albums worldwide.

Conteúdo: In 1994, bassist Vince Hornsby joined drummer Morgan Rose in a band called Snake Nation. John Connolly, a drummer, left his then band and joined Snake Nation as a guitarist. They recorded their first demo. Not happy with vocals, however, Snake Nation spent a year searching for a new singer before finding Lajon Witherspoon. Six months passed, Clint Lowery joined the band, and they renamed themselves Rumblefish.  Rumblefish was short-lived, however, because they found another band with the same name. They renamed themselves Crawlspace, and released "My Ruin" on the Mortal Kombat soundtrack album entitled More Kombat through TVT Records in 1996. Shortly after, another band named Crawlspac' sent notice that they wanted $2,500 for the rights to their name. Rather than purchase the rights, the band members chose to rename themselves Sevendust, a name inspired by the commercial insecticide brand "Sevin Dust". The song Rumble Fish was included on the band's second album, Home.  Sevendust released their self-titled debut, in-part produced by former Twisted Sister guitarist Jay Jay French, on April 15, 1997, known for its heavy riffs, angry vocals and thrash-like drumming, as in the songs "Black" and "Bitch". "Black" became the opening song for nearly every Sevendust concert until 2004. The debut album also contains the song "My Ruin", from the Mortal Kombat soundtrack. Sevendust appeared on the Billboard 200, remained there for sixteen weeks and peaked at 165 on April 4, 1998. The alb

user: How did was the band formed?

assistant: bassist Vince Hornsby joined drummer Morgan Rose in a band called Snake Nation. John Connolly, a drummer, left his then band and joined Snake Nation as a guitarist.

user: How were they discovered?

assistant: Sevendust released their self-titled debut, in-part produced by former Twisted Sister guitarist Jay Jay French, on April 15, 1997,

user: How did this album do?

assistant: appeared on the Billboard 200, remained there for sixteen weeks and peaked at 165 on April 4, 1998. The album went gold on

user: What did the album go gold on?

assistant: May 19, 1999.

user: What singles are from this album?

assistant: "My Ruin", from the Mortal Kombat soundtrack.

user: What was their next album?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they go on tour during this time?

assistant: In 1998, Sevendust performed at Dynamo Open Air (May 29-31) and Ozzfest 1998 (July through August).

user: What was the highlight of their career during this time?

assistant: their self-titled debut,
Social Security Credits 
You must earn at least 40 Social Security credits to qualify for Social Security benefits. You earn Social Security credits when you work and pay Social Security taxes. The number of credits does not affect the amount of benefits you receive. It only determines if you are eligible or not. You do not get extra benefits for earning more than the minimum number of credits. We cannot pay benefits to you if you don t have enough credits. We use the amount of credits you ve earned to determine your eligibility for retirement or disability benefits, as well as your family s eligibility for survivors benefits when you die. 

How Credits Are Earned 
Since 1978 , when you work and pay Social Security taxes , you earn up to a maximum of four credits per year. Credits are based on your total wages and self - employment income for the year. You might work all year to earn four credits , or you might earn enough for all four in much less time. The amount of earnings it takes to earn a credit may change each year. In 2020 , you earn one Social Security or Medicare credit for every $1,410 in covered earnings each year. You must earn $5,640 to get the maximum four credits for the year. During your lifetime , you might earn more credits than the minimum number you need to be eligible for benefits. These extra credits do not increase your benefit amount. The average of your earnings over your working years , not the total number of credits you earn , determines how much your monthly payment will be when you receive benefits. Read our publication, " How You Earn Credits, " for more information. 

Number Of Credits Needed For Retirement Benefits 
If you were born after 1928 , you need 40 credits to qualify for retirement. 

Number Of Credits Needed For Disability Benefits 
To be eligible for disability benefits , you must meet a recent work test and a duration work test. The number of credits necessary to meet the recent work test depends on your age. The rule

user: Hey, I need an explanation regarding my social security credits.

assistant: Of course. You must earn at least 40 Social Security credits to qualify for Social Security benefits. You earn Social Security credits when you work and pay Social Security taxes.

user: Well, it's a bit complicated. I'm disabled and need to know how many credits I need for social security.

assistant: To name an example, if you become disabled at age 27, you would need 3 years of work 12 credits out of the past 6 years between ages 21 and 27.

user: Alright, but what if I'm statutorily blind?

assistant: In that case you must only meet the duration of work test.

user: How many credits do I need for retirement benefits if I was born in 1983?

assistant: You need 40 credits to qualify for retirement.

user: I see. Is there anything else you can tell me about the credits I need for retirement?

assistant: Were you born after 1928?
Título: Jonas Salk
Seção: Celebrity versus privacy
Background: Jonas Edward Salk (; October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a physician scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital.

Conteúdo: Salk preferred not to have his career as a scientist affected by too much personal attention, as he had always tried to remain independent and private in his research and life, but this proved to be impossible. "Young man, a great tragedy has befallen you--you've lost your anonymity", the television personality Ed Murrow said to Salk shortly after the onslaught of media attention. When Murrow asked him, "Who owns this patent?", Salk replied, "Well, the people I would say. There is no patent. Could you patent the sun?" The vaccine is calculated to be worth $7 billion had it been patented. However, lawyers from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis did look into the possibility of a patent, but ultimately determined that the vaccine was not a patentable invention because of prior art.  Salk served on the board of directors of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.  Author Jon Cohen noted, "Jonas Salk made scientists and journalists alike go goofy. As one of the only living scientists whose face was known the world over, Salk, in the public's eye, had a superstar aura. Airplane pilots would announce that he was on board and passengers would burst into applause. Hotels routinely would upgrade him into their penthouse suites. A meal at a restaurant inevitably meant an interruption from an admirer, and scientists approached him with drop-jawed wonder as though some of the stardust might rub off."  For the most part, however, Salk was "appalled at the demands o

user: did jonas want privacy?

assistant: Salk was "appalled at the demands on the public figure he has become and resentful of what he considers to be the invasion of his privacy",

user: what did he do to get his privacy?

assistant: as he had always tried to remain independent and private in his research and life, but this proved to be impossible.

user: how did it prove to be impossible?

assistant: Airplane pilots would announce that he was on board and passengers would burst into applause.

user: what steps did he take to gain privacy?

assistant: He talks continually about getting out of the limelight and back to his laboratory...
Título: Dorothy Dandridge
Seção: Personal life
Background: Dorothy Dandridge was born on November 9, 1922 in Cleveland, Ohio, to aspiring entertainer Ruby Dandridge (nee Butler) (March 3, 1900 - October 17, 1987) and Cyril Dandridge (October 25, 1895 - July 9, 1989), a cabinetmaker and Baptist minister, who had separated just before her birth. Ruby created a song-and-dance act for her two young daughters, Vivian and Dorothy, under the name The Wonder Children, that was managed by Geneva Williams. The sisters toured the Southern United States almost nonstop for five years (rarely attending school), while Ruby worked and performed in Cleveland.

Conteúdo: Dandridge married dancer and entertainer Harold Nicholas on September 6, 1942, and gave birth to her only child, Harolyn Suzanne Nicholas, on September 2, 1943. Unfortunately, Harolyn was born brain-damaged and required constant care. By 1948, their marriage had deteriorated and Nicholas abandoned his family. Due to his adultery and abandonment, the couple divorced in October 1951.  While filming Carmen Jones (1954), the director Otto Preminger began an affair with his film's star, Dandridge. It lasted four years, during which period he advised her on career matters, demanding she accept only starring roles, advice Dandridge later regretted accepting. She became pregnant by him in 1955, but was forced to have an abortion by the studio. She ended the affair when she realized that Preminger had no plans to leave his wife to marry her. Their affair was depicted in the HBO Films biopic, Introducing Dorothy Dandridge, in which Preminger was portrayed by Austrian actor Klaus Maria Brandauer.  Dandridge married Jack Denison on June 22, 1959. They divorced in 1962 amid financial setbacks and allegations of domestic violence. At this time, Dandridge discovered that the people who were handling her finances had swindled her out of $150,000 and that she was $139,000 in debt for back taxes. Forced to sell her Hollywood home and place her daughter in a state mental institution in Camarillo, California, Dandridge moved into a small apartment at 8495 Fountain Avenue in West Hollywood, Calif

user: Did she ever marry?

assistant: Dandridge married dancer and entertainer Harold Nicholas on September 6, 1942,

user: Did they have any children?

assistant: and gave birth to her only child, Harolyn Suzanne Nicholas, on September 2, 1943.
Título: Patrick J. Kennedy
Seção: Capitol Hill intoxicated-driving accident
Background: Patrick Joseph Kennedy II (born July 14, 1967) is an American politician and mental health advocate. From 1995 to 2011, he served as a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from Rhode Island's 1st congressional district. He is the founder of the Kennedy Forum, a former member of the President's Commission on Combatting Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis, and co-founder of One Mind. A member of the Kennedy family, he is the youngest son of the long-time Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy and is a nephew of former U.S. President John F. Kennedy.

Conteúdo: On May 4, 2006, Kennedy crashed his automobile into a barricade on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., at 2:45 a.m. A United States Capitol Police official said the congressman had appeared intoxicated when he crashed his car. According to Kennedy, he was disoriented from the prescription medications Ambien and Phenergan. Anonymous sources are alleged to have seen Kennedy drinking at the nearby Hawk & Dove bar prior to the accident. Kennedy also stated to officers that he was "late for a vote". However, the last vote of the night had occurred almost six hours earlier. The standard field sobriety test was not administered, and Kennedy was driven home by an officer.  On May 5, 2006, Kennedy admitted publicly that he had an addiction to prescription medication and announced he would be readmitting himself to a drug-rehabilitation facility at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota where he had sought treatment for prior addictions. He has stated that he has no recollection of the car crash. On May 8, 2006, Kennedy got a show of support when he was endorsed by the Rhode Island Democratic Party. On June 5, 2006, Kennedy was released from drug rehabilitation.  On June 13, 2006, Kennedy made a deal with prosecutors and pleaded guilty to a charge of driving under the influence of prescription drugs. He was sentenced to one-year probation and a fine of $350. Two of the three charges (reckless driving and failure to exhibit a driving permit) were dismissed. He was also ordered to attend a rehabilit

user: What happened in the accident?

assistant: On May 4, 2006, Kennedy crashed his automobile into a barricade on Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., at 2:45 a.m.

user: Did he have any passengers?

assistant: Capitol Police official said the congressman had appeared intoxicated when he crashed his car.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: On May 5, 2006, Kennedy admitted publicly that he had an addiction to prescription medication

user: Did he go to rehab?

assistant: On June 12, 2009, Kennedy announced that he had again entered rehab,

user: When did he first go to rehab?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did this affect his political career?

assistant: On May 8, 2006, Kennedy got a show of support when he was endorsed by the Rhode Island Democratic Party.

user: How did the public veiw his addiction?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Irving Thalberg
Seção: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM)
Background: Irving Grant Thalberg (May 30, 1899 - September 14, 1936) was an American film producer during the early years of motion pictures. He was called "The Boy Wonder" for his youth and ability to select scripts, choose actors, gather production staff, and make profitable films, including Grand Hotel, China Seas, Camille, Mutiny on the Bounty, and The Good Earth. His films carved out an international market, "projecting a seductive image of American life brimming with vitality and rooted in democracy and personal freedom," states biographer Roland Flamini.

Conteúdo: Cecil B. DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, "The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it." Lasky opposed the hire, stating, "Geniuses we have all we need." Thalberg then received an offer from Hal Roach, but the offer was withdrawn because Thalberg lacked experience with slapstick comedy films. In late 1922, Thalberg was introduced to Louis B. Mayer, president of a small, but dynamic and fast-growing studio. At that first meeting, Thalberg "made a deep, immediate impression on Mayer," writes Flamini. After Thalberg had left, Mayer said to studio attorney Edwin Loeb: "Tell him if he comes to work for me, I'll look after him as though he were my son."  Although their personalities were in many ways opposite, Mayer being more outspoken and nearly twice the younger man's age, Thalberg was hired as vice president in charge of production at Louis B. Mayer Productions. Years later, Mayer's daughter, Irene Mayer Selznick, recalled that "it was hard to believe anyone that boyish could be so important." According to Flamini, Thalberg was hired because, although Mayer was an astute businessman, "what he lacked was Thalberg's almost unerring ability to combine quality with commercial success, to bring artistic aspiration in line with the demands of the box office." Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner and accorded the same position as vice presid

user: When did Thalberg start working with MGM?

assistant: Mayer's company subsequently merged with two others to become Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), with the 24-year-old Thalberg made part-owner

user: What films were produced under the new company?

assistant: Thalberg supervised the production of over four hundred films.

user: Any particularly notable films?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Any controversies during this time period?

assistant: DeMille was the first who wanted to hire him, telling his partner, Jesse Lasky, "The boy is a genius. I can see it. I know it." Lasky opposed

user: What made Lasky change his mind?

assistant: " Lasky opposed the hire, stating, "Geniuses we have all we need."
Título: Ivan the Terrible
Seção: Sobriquet
Background: Ivan IV Vasilyevich (Russian: Ivan Vasil'evich, tr. Ivan Vasilyevich; 25 August 1530 - 28 March [O.S. 18 March] 1584), commonly known as Ivan the Terrible or Ivan the Fearsome (Russian:  Ivan Groznyi  , Ivan Grozny; a better translation into modern English

Conteúdo: Ivan was the first son of Vasili III and his second wife, Elena Glinskaya, who was of half Serbian and half Lipka Tatar descent, the Glinski clan (nobles based in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) claiming descent from the Mongol ruler Mamai (1335-1380.) When Ivan was three years old, his father died from an abscess and inflammation on his leg that developed into blood poisoning. Ivan was proclaimed the Grand Prince of Moscow at the request of his father. His mother Elena Glinskaya initially acted as regent, but she died of what many believe to be assassination by poison, in 1538 when Ivan was only eight years old. The regency then alternated between several feuding boyar families fighting for control. According to his own letters, Ivan, along with his younger brother Yuri, often felt neglected and offended by the mighty boyars from the Shuisky and Belsky families. In a letter to Prince Kurbski Ivan remembers, "My brother Iurii, of blessed memory, and me they brought up like vagrants and children of the poorest. What have I suffered for want of garments and food!!" It should be noted, however, that the historian Edward L Keenan has presented compelling reasons to doubt the authenticity of the source in which these quotes are found.  On 16 January 1547, at age sixteen, Ivan was crowned with Monomakh's Cap at the Cathedral of the Dormition. He was the first to be crowned as "Tsar of All the Russias", hence claiming the ancestry of Kievan Rus'. Prior to that, rulers of Muscovy were 

user: Did Ivan have any siblings?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How was his parents?

assistant: Ivan was the first son of Vasili III and his second wife, Elena Glinskaya, who was of half Serbian and half Lipka Tatar descent, the Glinski clan

user: Was his family of royalty or greatness?

assistant: the Glinski clan (nobles based in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) claiming descent from the Mongol ruler Mamai (1335-1380.)

user: What happened to his parents growing up?

assistant: When Ivan was three years old, his father died

user: Did his mom take over after his father died?

assistant: Elena Glinskaya initially acted as regent, but she died of what many believe

user: How did his father die?

assistant: died from an abscess and inflammation on his leg that developed into blood poisoning.

user: After his parents passed did Ivan have a chance to take over?

assistant: Ivan was only eight years old. The regency then alternated between several feuding boyar families fighting for control.
Benefits Planner: Retirement 


Benefits For Your Spouse 
Even if you have never worked under Social Security , you may be able to get spouse s retirement benefits if you are at least 62 years of age and your spouse is receiving retirement or disability benefits. You can also qualify for Medicare at age 65. If you are divorced , you may still be able to get benefits on your ex - spouse's record. For information on the requirements for Divorced Spouse's Benefits , read " If You Are Divorced You can receive the spouse's benefit no matter what your age is if you are caring for their child who is also receiving benefits. 

How Much Will I Receive? 
If you qualify and apply for your own retirement benefits and for benefits as a spouse , we always pay your own benefits first. If your benefits as a spouse are higher than your own retirement benefits , you will get a combination of benefits equaling the higher spouse benefit. If you begin receiving benefits : between age 62 and your full retirement age , the amount will be permanently reduced by a percentage based on the number of months up to your full retirement age. If you are under full retirement age and you continue to work while receiving benefits , your benefits may be affected by the retirement earnings test. at your full retirement age , your benefit as a spouse cannot exceed one - half of your spouse's full retirement amount. If you were born before January 2 , 1954 and have already reached full retirement age , you can choose to receive only the spouse s benefit and delay receiving your retirement benefit until a later date. If your spouse is full retirement age and applying for spouse s benefits only , they can apply online by using the retirement application. Your spouse can also contact us to schedule an appointment. If your spouse s birthday is January 2 , 1954 or later , the option to take only one benefit at full retirement age no longer exists. If your spouse files for one benefit , they will be effecti

user: Can my family qualify for benefits on my record even if I didn't qualify for benefits on someone else's record?

assistant: Yes, some members of your family may still qualify for benefits on your record.

assistant: Would you like to learn more information about this?

user: No, thank you I don't need more information.

user: Is there more information regarding benefits if you were never married?

assistant: Yes, you can visit "How You Apply For Retirement Benefits Or Medicare."

user: Do you have to be a certain age to get a spouse's retirement benefits?

assistant: Yes, you must be at least 62 years of age.

user: Is there someone I can contact about benefits for my spouse if I don't live in the U.S.?

assistant: Yes, you can contact the nearest U.S. Social Security Office, a U.S. Embassy, or a consulate.