dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Benefits Planner: Retirement 


Online Calculator (WEP Version) 
The calculator shown below allows you to estimate your Social Security benefit. However , for the most accurate estimates , use the Detailed Calculator. You need to enter all your past earnings, which are shown on your online. Please Note: The Online Calculator is updated periodically * with new benefit increases and other benefit amounts. Therefore , it is likely that your benefit estimates in the future will differ from those calculated today. The Online Calculator works on PCs and Macs with Javascript enabled. Some browsers may not allow you to print the table below. Note: If your birthday is on January 1st , we figure your benefit as if your birthday was in the previous year. If you qualify for benefits as a Survivor , your full retirement age for survivors benefits may be different. 

user: Hello, I want to know about the retirement plan.

assistant: Do you want to know about the online calculator for retirement benefits?
Título: Cosmo Kramer
Seção: Background and family
Background: Cosmo Kramer, usually referred to as simply "Kramer", is a fictional character on the American television sitcom Seinfeld (1989-1998), played by Michael Richards. The character is loosely based on comedian Kenny Kramer, Larry David's ex-neighbor across the hall. Kramer is the friend and neighbor of main character Jerry, residing in Apartment 5B, and is friends with George and Elaine. Of the series' four central characters, only Kramer has no visible means of support; what few jobs he holds seem to be nothing more than larks.

Conteúdo: In "The Trip", Kramer admits that a man in a park exposed himself to him when he was a young boy. In "The Big Salad" Kramer reveals to Jerry that he grew up in a strict household where he had to be in bed every night by 9:00PM. In "The Letter", Kramer tells two art patrons that he ran away from home at age seventeen and stowed away aboard a steamer bound for Sweden.  Kramer never completed high school; however, it is made clear in "The Barber" that Kramer has a GED.  Kramer was estranged for a long period from his mom, Babs Kramer, who works as a restroom matron at an upscale restaurant. Unlike George and Jerry, Kramer's character does not have a well-developed network of family members shown in the sitcom. He is the only main character on the show whose dad never makes an appearance; however, in "The Chinese Woman", Kramer mentions that he is the last male member of his family, implying that his father had died. He also mentions in "The Lip Reader" that he has or had a deaf cousin, from whom he learned fluent American Sign Language, but when Kramer tries to communicate in ASL, he speaks complete gibberish and cannot correctly translate the ASL he sees others using. He also apparently has no biological children, although he adopted mile 114 of the Arthur Burkhardt Expressway in "The Pothole".  During an opening discussion, Kramer reveals to Jerry that in 1979 he was struck on the head by a falling air conditioner while walking on the sidewalk. Jerry asks if that was when Kram

user: What does the show tell us about Kramer's family?

assistant: Kramer was estranged for a long period from his mom, Babs Kramer, who works as a restroom matron at an upscale restaurant.

user: Is his father shown or mentioned?

assistant: Kramer mentions that he is the last male member of his family, implying that his father had died.

user: Does he have any siblings?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Where is he from originally?

assistant: Kramer tells two art patrons that he ran away from home at age seventeen and stowed away aboard a steamer bound for Sweden.

user: What is his education?

assistant: Kramer never completed high school; however, it is made clear in "The Barber" that Kramer has a GED.

user: Does he say what he did in Sweden?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: David Davis (British politician)
Seção: 2005 leadership contest
Background: Born to a single mother, Betty Brown, in York on 23 December 1948, Davis was initially brought up by his grandparents there. His maternal grandfather, Walter Harrison, was the son of a wealthy trawlerman but was disinherited after joining the Communist Party; he led a 'hunger march' to London shortly after the more famous Jarrow March, which did not allow Communists to participate. His father, whom he met once after his mother's death, is Welsh. After his mother married Ronald Davis, the family moved to London, where they lived initially in a flat in Wandsworth which Davis has described as "a terrible little slum".

Conteúdo: At the time of the 2005 Conservative leadership contest, David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department. His Campaign Manager in the leadership contest was Conservative MP and Davis's deputy as Shadow Home Secretary, Andrew Mitchell (who in 2010 became Secretary of State for International Development in Prime Minister David Cameron's Cabinet).  Davis was initially the front runner in the contest, but after a poorly received speech at that year's Conservative Party Conference his campaign was seen to lose momentum. However, referring to a Conference speech by the party's former leader, Campaign Manager Andrew Mitchell said: "William Hague made a great speech which many people will judge to be better than all the other leadership candidates put together. What that tells you is that being absolutely brilliant at being able to make a speech at conference is not the be-all-and-end-all of leadership. There are other things as well."  In the first ballot of Conservative MPs on 18 October 2005, Davis came top with 62 votes. As this was less than the number of his declared supporters, it became clear that the Davis bid was losing momentum. The elimination of former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke left the bookmakers' favourite, David Cameron, without a rival on the centre of the party. In the second ballot, held two days later on 20 October 2005, Cameron polled 90 votes, Davis 57 votes and Liam Fox was eliminated with 51 votes so Davis went through to the next stage with 

user: What happened in 2005?

assistant: David Davis was Shadow Secretary of State for the Home Department.

user: What was the leadership contest?

assistant: the 2005 Conservative leadership contest,

user: Did he run against anyone?

assistant: former Chancellor Kenneth Clarke

user: Was there any scandals?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: In spite of a strong performance in a BBC Question Time head-to-head debate in the final stage of the leadership contest, Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.

user: Did he lose the elect

assistant: Davis could not match his rival's general popularity.

user: What happened after that?

assistant: Conservative party members voted to elect Cameron the new Conservative leader,
Título: French people
Seção: Multiculturalism versus universalism
Background: The French (French: Francais) are an ethnic group and nation who are identified with the country of France. This connection may be legal, historical, or cultural. Historically the French people's heritage is diverse, including populations of Gauls, Ligures, Latins, Franks, Iberians, Alamans and Norsemen. France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences, and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue, languages like Norman, Occitan, Catalan, Auvergnat, Corsican, Basque, French Flemish, Lorraine Franconian, Alsatian and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions.

Conteúdo: In France, the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism, especially in recent years. French citizenship has been defined for a long time by three factors: integration, individual adherence, and the primacy of the soil (jus soli). Political integration (which includes but is not limited to racial integration) is based on voluntary policies which aims at creating a common identity, and the interiorization by each individual of a common cultural and historic legacy. Since in France, the state preceded the nation, voluntary policies have taken an important place in the creation of this common cultural identity.  On the other hand, the interiorization of a common legacy is a slow process, which B. Villalba compares to acculturation. According to him, "integration is therefore the result of a double will: the nation's will to create a common culture for all members of the nation, and the communities' will living in the nation to recognize the legitimacy of this common culture". Villalba warns against confusing recent processes of integration (related to the so-called "second generation immigrants", who are subject to discrimination), with older processes which have made modern France. Villalba thus shows that any democratic nation characterize itself by its project of transcending all forms of particular memberships (whether biological - or seen as such, ethnic, historic, economic, social, religious or cultural). The citizen thus emancipates himse

user: Were the French people into Multiculturalism?

assistant: the conception of citizenship teeters between universalism and multiculturalism,

user: Which one won?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What cultures are we talking about?

assistant: French
Título: Rick Price
Seção: 1997-2003: Another Place and A Million Miles
Background: Rick Allan Price was born on 6 July 1961 in Beaudesert, a small country town 69 kilometres (43 mi) south of Brisbane. At the age of nine he appeared with his family band, Union Beau, performing at local bush dances in southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Price has cited Stevie Wonder, James Taylor and Carole King as his inspirations. At the age of 18 Price moved to Sydney where he worked as a session and touring musician, playing bass guitar with various inner city outfits.

Conteúdo: In January and February 1997, Price played several shows alongside another accomplished Australian singer/songwriter, Jack Jones. The shows were a huge success with the pair performing their best hits together and alone, proving yet again their abilities as live performers.  For the majority of the year, Price spent his time in Los Angeles and Nashville writing material for his next album.  Some of the collaborators Price has worked with included Steve Werfel and Pam Reswick on "Not a Day Goes By" (who has written songs such as "Chains" by Tina Arena), Jon Lind (who has written songs such as "Simple Life" by John Farnham, and "Crazy for You" by Madonna), and Randy Goodrum, a well-respected writer from Nashville. He has also written with Australia's Heather Field who co-wrote "Heaven Knows" and "River of Love", and once again has worked with Phil Buckle who co-wrote "What's Wrong With That Girl" from Rick's Heaven Knows album.  In November and December 1997, Price played a couple of showcases to the public with some of the new material he had been working on. During the later months of 1997 and early 1998, Price recorded his new album in Los Angeles. The album Another Place was released in Australia in July 1999, spanning singles including "Where in the World" and "Good As Gone". In 2003, parting with Sony, Price released another solo album, A Million Miles, on his own label Clarice. Described as a garage album and going back to his musical roots, he plays every instrument hea

user: What did he do in this time period?

assistant: In January and February 1997, Price played several shows alongside another accomplished Australian singer/songwriter, Jack Jones.

user: Did he have any albums?

assistant: For the majority of the year, Price spent his time in Los Angeles and Nashville writing material for his next album.
Título: Toby Keith
Seção: Feud with the Dixie Chicks
Background: Keith was born in Clinton, Oklahoma, to Carolyn Joan (nee Ross) and Hubert K. Covel, Jr. and is of English ancestry. He has a sister and a brother. The family lived in Fort Smith, Arkansas, for a few years when Keith was in grade school, but moved to Moore, Oklahoma (a suburb of Oklahoma City) when he was still young. Before the family moved to Moore, he visited his grandmother in Fort Smith during the summers.

Conteúdo: Keith had a public feud with the Dixie Chicks over the song "Courtesy of the Red, White, & Blue", in 2003 as well as over comments they made about President George W. Bush on stage during a concert in London. The lead singer of the Dixie Chicks, Natalie Maines, publicly stated that Keith's song was "ignorant, and it makes country music sound ignorant". Keith responded by pointing out that Maines did not write her music and he does, and by displaying a backdrop at his concerts showing a doctored photo of Maines with Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. On May 21, 2003, Maines wore a T-shirt with the letters "FUTK" on the front at the Academy of Country Music Awards. While a spokesperson for the Dixie Chicks said that the acronym stood for "Friends United in Truth and Kindness," many, including host Vince Gill, took it to be a shot at Keith ("Fuck You Toby Keith"). In an October 2004 appearance on Real Time with Bill Maher, Maines finally confessed that it was indeed a shot at Keith, and that she "thought that nobody would get it".  In August 2003, Keith's representation publicly declared he was done feuding with Maines "because he's realized there are far more important things to concentrate on". Keith was referring specifically to the terminal illness of a former bandmate's daughter, Allison Faith Webb. However, he continues to refuse to say Maines' name, and claims that the doctored photo was intended to express his opinion that Maines' criticism was an attempt to squelch Keith's 

user: What was the feud regarding?

assistant: Keith had a public feud with the Dixie Chicks over the song "Courtesy of the Red, White, & Blue

user: Was the feud about anything else?

assistant: well as over comments they made about President George W. Bush on stage during a concert in London.

user: What did the group say about Toby ?

assistant: stated that Keith's song was "ignorant, and it makes country music sound ignorant".

user: How did Toby respond?

assistant: ". Keith responded by pointing out that Maines did not write her music

user: What else did he say about the Dixie Chicks?

assistant: did not write her music and he does, and by displaying a backdrop at his concerts showing a doctored photo of Maines with Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
Título: Saosin
Seção: Arrival of Cove Reber and Saosin EP (2004-2006)
Background: Saosin is an American post-hardcore band from Orange County, California, United States. The band was formed in 2003 and recorded its first EP, Translating the Name, that same year original vocalist Anthony Green left Saosin due to personal reasons. In 2004, Cove Reber replaced Green as vocalist after auditioning for the role. The group recorded its self titled debut album which was released on Capitol Records on September 26, 2006.

Conteúdo: After the audition process and several guest vocalists on demos, the then 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer. Reber had sent in his demo tape, which was an acoustic demo with "Mookie's Last Christmas". The demo has since leaked onto the internet. It is widely speculated to have included a few songs from Translating the Name. When Beau Burchell first heard the demo, he thought it was Anthony playing a trick on them, as Reber's vocal stylings were very similar to those of Green's when the demo was originally recorded.  In an interview with PlayPro.com, Reber commented that "everyone I've played with wants to make music their lives...Saosin is a band on a completely different level. All these dudes are freaks about music."  Reber's addition to the band was difficult, for the more experienced Green was the center piece of the band in the eyes of Saosin's fans. Many fans consider the time with Green to be something entirely different from the time with Reber. There are still distinct fans of both eras (Green Era/Reber Era) debating on which is a better fit for the band as a whole.  Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour for the second time. That summer, they released the Saosin EP. At first it was intended to be a free sampler, but Capitol Records would not allow this and released it as an EP. It contained demo versions of songs 

user: What do we know about Cove Reber?

assistant: 19-year-old Cove Reber was announced as their new permanent lead singer.

user: How did he get in?

assistant: Reber had sent in his demo tape,

user: What was the first thing they did together with him in band?

assistant: Saosin played the Taste of Chaos tour the following winter. Saosin was signed to Capitol Records in March and toured the United States with the Warped Tour

user: What happened after that?

assistant: That summer, they released the Saosin EP.

user: What was a single they released?

assistant: "Bury Your Head"

user: Did they tour again?

assistant: The band continued touring for the rest of 2005, opening for Avenged Sevenfold and Coheed and Cambria.
Título: Take That
Seção: 2006-2007: Beautiful World
Background: Take That are an English pop group formed in Manchester, in 1989. The group currently consists of Gary Barlow, Howard Donald and Mark Owen. The original line-up also featured Jason Orange and Robbie Williams. Barlow acts as the group's lead singer and primary songwriter, with Owen and Williams initially providing backing vocals and Donald and Orange serving primarily as dancers.

Conteúdo: On 9 May 2006, Take That returned to the recorded music scene after more than ten years of absence, signing with Polydor Records in a deal reportedly worth PS3 million. The band's comeback album, Beautiful World, entered the UK album chart at no. 1 and, as of June 2009, had sold over 2.8 million copies in the UK. It is the 35th best selling album in UK music history.  In the album Beautiful World all four members of the band had the opportunity to sing lead vocals. Unlike the band's earlier works, where the majority of their material was written by Gary Barlow who received a sole credit, all four band members are credited as co-writers, along with John Shanks, regardless of whether they contributed to the writing process or not. The comeback single, "Patience", was released on 20 November 2006, with a special event launching it on 5 November. On 26 November "Patience" hit number 1 in the UK in its second week of chart entry making it the group's ninth No. 1 and stayed there for 4 weeks. Take That also accompanied eventual winner Leona Lewis in a live version of "A Million Love Songs" in the final of The X Factor on 16 December 2006.  The week after Take That's comeback album Beautiful World was released it was announced that Take That had become the first artists ever to top the UK official single and album charts along with the download single, download album and DVD charts in the same week, as well as topping the radio charts.  The video for the number 1 hit single "Shine",

user: Is beautiful world a album?

assistant: The band's comeback album, Beautiful World,

user: When was it realeased?

assistant: June 2009,

user: What was the hit in the album?

assistant: Beautiful World,

user: Was the album a success?

assistant: album chart at no. 1 and, as of June 2009, had sold over 2.8 million copies in the UK. It is the 35th best selling album in UK music history.

user: How many copies were sold?

assistant: sold over 2.8 million copies
Information About the Gainful Employment Downloadable Spreadsheet 
The 2011 Gainful Employment Downloadable Spreadsheet provides the public with information about educational programs that prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation GE Program. Under the regulations that go into effect on July 1 , 2012, the US Department of Education calculates metrics for GE Programs each year. These metrics include a Repayment Rate, two Debt - to - Earnings Ratios, and three student loan medians. The 2011 GE Informational Rate information included on the downloadable spreadsheet was produced for the purpose of providing institutions with preliminary information they can use to assess their GE Programs in preparation for the official gainful employment metrics that will first be calculated in 2013. These FY 2011 GE Informational Rates are for informational purposes only and, as such, do not invoke any regulatory requirements, sanctions, or other adverse action. These informational rates were prepared in advance of the years in which programs that fail the debt measures will be required to provide debt warnings and may lose eligibility after failing three out of four consecutive years. The 2011 GE Informational Rates were not calculated for a GE Program if the program had 30 or fewer former students in the relevant two - year period. Beginning next year , official gainful employment debt measures will include small programs using a four - year period if that four - year period results in more than 30 former students for the GE Program. After publishing the informational rates , the Department determined that the posted Median Title IV Loans amount reflected student debt information from the most recent loan award year, but did not include debt information from previous years. On October 25 , 2012 , the Department posted an updated spreadsheet. Column V reflects the median loan debt over the course of enrollment in a program. Column W reflects the one - year 

user: Hello, I would like to obtain Information about the downloadable paid employment spreadsheet


assistant: The 2011 Downloadable Paid Employment Spreadsheet provides the public with information on educational programs that prepare students for paid employment in a GE recognized occupation program. In accordance with regulations effective July 1, 2012, the United States Department of Education calculates metrics for GE Programs each year.
Título: Herbert Sutcliffe
Seção: Noted opponents
Background: Herbert Sutcliffe (24 November 1894 - 22 January 1978) was an English professional cricketer who represented Yorkshire and England as an opening batsman. Apart from one match in 1945, his first-class career spanned the period between the two world wars. His first-class debut was delayed by the First World War until 1919 and his career was effectively terminated in August 1939 when he was called up for military service in the imminent Second World War. He was the first cricketer to score 16 centuries in Test match cricket.

Conteúdo: As a specialist opening batsman, Sutcliffe's rivals on the field were the opposing bowlers and especially fast bowlers, though he encountered many outstanding spin bowlers too on turning or sticky wickets.  By the time Sutcliffe began his Test career, the formidable fast bowling partnership of Jack Gregory and Ted McDonald had ended, though Sutcliffe faced Gregory in Test matches and was opposed to McDonald in "Roses matches" between Yorkshire and Lancashire. Gregory by 1924-25 was no longer able to "frighten batsmen with sheer speed" but he still commanded respect and Jack Hobbs specifically told Sutcliffe to exercise caution against Gregory at the start of an innings. Sutcliffe regarded McDonald as "one of the best bowlers I ever met". He commented on McDonald's trick of "resting" by making himself seem tired and then "hurling himself into (a very fast delivery) like a demon". As Sutcliffe said, he never knew which ball would be the fast one and McDonald was a dangerous opponent.  But Sutcliffe was quoted as saying that he had "never played finer fast bowling" than that of the West Indians Learie Constantine, George Francis, Herman Griffith and Manny Martindale. Among the best English bowlers he faced in county cricket were some of his colleagues in England teams, such as Harold Larwood, Maurice Tate and Tich Freeman.  One of the toughest competitors he faced was the Australian leg spinner Clarrie Grimmett, "a tiny gnome of a man", who bowled with a roundarm action and made

user: Who was the first noted opponent of Herbert?

assistant: Jack Gregory and Ted McDonald

user: Why were they noted opponents of him?

assistant: the formidable fast bowling partnership

user: Has he ever lost a game?

assistant: he encountered many outstanding spin bowlers too on turning or sticky wickets.

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: One of the toughest competitors he faced was the Australian leg spinner Clarrie Grimmett,

user: Why was he the toughest competitor?

assistant: Grimmett bowled "like a miser" and "begrudged every run",

user: What happened during the game?

assistant: eventually he learned how to "differentiate between Mailey's leg breaks and his wrong 'uns".
Mustard gas or lewisite exposure 
If you had contact with mustard gas also known as sulfur mustard, yperite, or nitrogen mustard or lewisite, a natural compound that contains the poison arsenic , you may have certain related long - term illnesses. Find out if you can get disability compensation or benefits. 

Can I get disability benefits from VA? 
You may be able to get disability benefits if you have a disability believed to be caused by contact with mustard gas or lewisite and your military record shows you had contact with mustard gas or lewisite. If you were in the Army and served in these places : Bari , Italy Bushnell , FL Camp Lejeune , NC Camp Sibert, AL Dugway Proving Ground , UT Edgewood Arsenal , MD Naval Research Lab , Washington, DC Ondal , India Rocky Mountain Arsenal , CO San Jose Island , Panama Canal Zone If you were in the Navy and served in these places : Bari , Italy Camp Lejeune , NC Charleston , SC Great Lakes Naval Training Center , IL Hart s Island , NY Naval Training Center , Bainbridge, MD Naval Research Laboratory , VA Naval Research Laboratory , Washington, DC USS Eagle Boat 58 Some service members who took part in testing in these places : Finschhafen , New Guinea Porton Down , England Select merchant seamen were also exposed at Bari, Italy. 

Who s covered? 
Veterans 

What kind of disability benefits can I get? 
Health care Compensation payments 

How do I get these benefits? 
You ll need to file a claim for disability compensation. You have to claim an actual disease or disability. It s not enough to state that you were exposed to mustard gas or lewisite during service. You ll need to apply based on the illnesses believed to be caused by your contact with one of these chemicals. When you send in your claim , be sure to share any military records that show you had contact with blistering agents. Find out how to file a claim for disability compensation 

What if I need help filing my disability claim? 
If you have questions about ben

user: hi i need help about Can I get benefits by volunteering for research involving chemical and biological testing?

assistant: Are you among the 60,000 veterans who volunteered for medical research for the biological and chemical programs of the United States?

user: Yes

assistant: We commend him for participating in the Biological and Chemical Programs.
Título: Cancer Bats
Seção: Early years and Birthing the Giant (2004-2006)
Background: Cancer Bats are a Canadian hardcore punk band from Toronto, Ontario. They have released five studio albums and six extended plays. The band is composed of vocalist Liam Cormier, guitarist Scott Middleton, drummer Mike Peters and bassist Jaye R. Schwarzer. Cancer Bats take a wide variety of influences from heavy metal subgenres and fuse them into hardcore and punk rock, and also include elements of Southern rock.

Conteúdo: Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton, a former member of Toronto heavy metal band At the Mercy of Inspiration. The two wanted to form a project that combined their favorite parts of bands like Entombed, Refused, Black Flag, Led Zeppelin and Down, among others. The lineup was completed with the addition of Andrew McCracken on bass and Joel Bath on drums, with Cormier moving to vocals. The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band.  The story is that the band considered the names Cancer Bats and Pneumonia Hawk after deciding that a combination of illness and animal name would give the best band name. Soon after, Mike Peters replaced Bath on the drums and the band began playing throughout Southern Ontario, playing live shows with bands like Billy Talent, Every Time I Die, Nora, Alexisonfire, Haste the Day, It Dies Today, Bane, Comeback Kid, Buried Inside, Attack in Black, Misery Signals, This Is Hell, Rise Against, The Bronx and Gallows.  On June 2, 2006, the band took part in a short interview and then played a free CD release show at The Edge 102.1 (CFNY-FM) and then on June 6 Birthing the Giant was released into major record stores. The album includes guest vocals by George Pettit of Alexisonfire. On June 7, 2006 they hosted All Things Rock, a show on MTV Canada, and had their own video playe

user: How did the band get together?

assistant: Cancer Bats was founded in May 2004 by singer Liam Cormier and guitarist Scott Middleton,

user: Who else was in the band?

assistant: The lineup was completed with the addition of Andrew McCracken on bass and

user: Were there other members?

assistant: Cormier moving to vocals.

user: What was their first success?

assistant: The four-piece wrote and recorded songs for a self-released demo that saw light in January 2005, and

user: How did the demo do?

assistant: led to Canadian independent record label Distort Entertainment signing the band.
Título: Dwight D. Eisenhower
Seção: Liberation of France and victory in Europe
Background: Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower ( EYE-z@n-how-@r; October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961. During World War II, he was a five-star general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942-43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45 from the Western Front. He was also the first American President to be bound by the 22nd Amendment, which limits the number of times one can be elected to the office of President of the United States.

Conteúdo: After graduation in 1915, Second Lieutenant Eisenhower requested an assignment in the Philippines, which was denied. He served initially in logistics and then the infantry at various camps in Texas and Georgia until 1918. In 1916, while stationed at Fort Sam Houston, Eisenhower was football coach for St. Louis College, now St. Mary's University. Eisenhower was an honorary member of the Sigma Beta Chi fraternity at St. Mary's University. In late 1917, while in charge of training at Ft. Oglethorpe in Georgia, his wife Mamie had their first son.  When the U.S. entered World War I, he immediately requested an overseas assignment but was again denied and then assigned to Ft. Leavenworth, Kansas. In February 1918, he was transferred to Camp Meade in Maryland with the 65th Engineers. His unit was later ordered to France, but to his chagrin he received orders for the new tank corps, where he was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel in the National Army. He commanded a unit that trained tank crews at Camp Colt - his first command - at the site of "Pickett's Charge" on the Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Civil War battleground. Though Eisenhower and his tank crews never saw combat, he displayed excellent organizational skills, as well as an ability to accurately assess junior officers' strengths and make optimal placements of personnel.  Once again his spirits were raised when the unit under his command received orders overseas to France. This time his wishes were thwarted when the armistice

user: How did Dwight D. Eisenhower embark on liberating France?

assistant: Once again his spirits were raised when the unit under his command received orders overseas to France.
Título: Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Seção: Early years
Background: Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn (; 11 December 1918 - 3 August 2008) was a Russian novelist, historian, and short story writer. He was an outspoken critic of the Soviet Union and communism and helped to raise global awareness of its Gulag forced labor camp system. He was allowed to publish only one work in the Soviet Union, One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962), in the periodical Novy Mir.

Conteúdo: Solzhenitsyn was born in Kislovodsk, RSFSR (now in Stavropol Krai, Russia). His mother, Taisiya Zakharovna (nee Shcherbak) was of Ukrainian descent. Her father had risen from humble beginnings to become a wealthy landowner, acquiring a large estate in the Kuban region in the northern foothills of the Caucasus. During World War I, Taisiya went to Moscow to study. While there she met and married Isaakiy Solzhenitsyn, a young officer in the Imperial Russian Army of Cossack origins and fellow native of the Caucasus region. The family background of his parents is vividly brought to life in the opening chapters of August 1914, and in the later Red Wheel novels.  In 1918, Taisia became pregnant with Aleksandr. On 15 June, shortly after her pregnancy was confirmed, Isaakiy was killed in a hunting accident. Aleksandr was raised by his widowed mother and aunt in lowly circumstances. His earliest years coincided with the Russian Civil War. By 1930 the family property had been turned into a collective farm. Later, Solzhenitsyn recalled that his mother had fought for survival and that they had to keep his father's background in the old Imperial Army a secret. His educated mother (who never remarried) encouraged his literary and scientific learnings and raised him in the Russian Orthodox faith; she died in 1944.  As early as 1936, Solzhenitsyn began developing the characters and concepts for a planned epic work on World War I and the Russian Revolution. This eventually led to the novel Aug

user: Where was Aleksandr born?

assistant: Kislovodsk, RSFSR (now in Stavropol Krai, Russia

user: what year was he born?

assistant: In 1918, Taisia became pregnant with Aleksandr.

user: What did his parents do?

assistant: officer in the Imperial Russian Army of Cossack origins

user: where did he go to school?

assistant: Rostov State University.
Título: David M. Shoup
Seção: Early years
Background: David Monroe Shoup (30 December 1904 - 13 January 1983) was a decorated general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, became the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War. Born in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.

Conteúdo: David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904 in Battle Ground, Indiana. His family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916. At age 12 he was enrolled in Covington High School, a competitive high school with an advanced curriculum. Shoup was an excellent student, maintaining high marks in French, English, physics, and history. Additionally, he was involved in several extracurricular activities, including basketball, and was class president in his senior year. He graduated in 1921. He later affectionately referred to his impoverished upbringing as that of an "Indiana plowboy." Regarded by friends as very sociable, he met Zola De Haven in his freshman year and later said he had been instantly attracted to her. They were both very competitive in academics and athletics, and the two dated throughout high school; they were married in 1931.  After high school, Shoup attended DePauw University where he was one of 100 awarded the Edward Rector Scholarship, giving him full tuition. Majoring in mathematics, he joined the Delta Upsilon fraternity and maintained high marks, narrowly failing the selection criteria for Phi Beta Kappa Society. He was on the track and field and rifle teams, and also competed in the wrestling and football teams. He won the Indiana and Kentucky Amateur Athletic Union marathon in 1925. He waited tables, washed dishes and worked in a cement factory to help pay his expenses. Lack of funds compelled him to take a year o

user: Where was he born?

assistant: in Battle Ground, Indiana.

user: When was he born?

assistant: David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904
Título: Lionel Conacher
Seção: Professional career
Background: Conacher was born in Toronto, Ontario on May 24, 1900. His middle name was given after the South African city of Pretoria, where British troops were fighting the Boer War at the time of his birth. He was the eldest son of Benjamin and Elizabeth Conacher, and the third of ten children overall. He had four brothers and five sisters.

Conteúdo: Conacher scored the first goal in Pirates history on American Thanksgiving Day Thursday November 26, 1925, against the Boston Bruins. He scored nine goals in 33 games in 1925-26, then returned to Toronto to play professional baseball with the Toronto Maple Leafs. An outfielder on the team, Conacher and the Maple Leafs won the International League championship then defeated the Louisville Colonels to win the Little World Series.  He returned to Pittsburgh for the 1926-27 NHL season, but was dealt early in the year to the New York Americans in exchange for Charlie Langlois and $2,000. The trade nearly proved disastrous for Conacher. He scored 8 goals in 1926-27 and improved to 11 in 1927-28, but playing for a team owned by notorious bootlegger Bill Dwyer resulted in his becoming a heavy drinker. Conacher served as player-coach in 1929-30, but his play and health had deteriorated. Two events in that off-season saved Conacher: he swore off alcohol completely upon the birth of his first child, and his playing rights were sold to the Montreal Maroons.  Conacher periodically struggled with Montreal, and at one point was placed on waivers with no other team willing to take over his contract. Nonetheless, his overall play and point totals increased for three consecutive seasons with the Maroons, peaking at 28 points in 1932-33. He was named to the Second All-Star Team that season, but was traded to the Chicago Black Hawks in exchange for Teddy Graham. Conacher was a key figure in the 

user: Where did he play?

assistant: Conacher scored the first goal in Pirates history

user: Where did he play?

assistant: then returned to Toronto to play professional baseball with the Toronto Maple Leafs.

user: How long did he play for the team?

assistant: He returned to Pittsburgh for the 1926-27 NHL season,
Título: Chris Pérez
Seção: 1995-1998: After Selena, remarriage and fatherhood
Background: Cristobal Perez was born on August 14, 1969 in San Antonio, Texas to Gilbert Perez, a computer programmer, and Carmen Medina. He is of Mexican-American ancestry. Perez's parents divorced in 1974, when he was four years old. His mother remarried in 1978.

Conteúdo: In spring 1995 Chris's father-in-law, Abraham found out Yolanda Saldivar, who managed Selena's boutiques and fan club, was embezzling money. They held a meeting in early March where it was rumored they had a sexual relationship, with Saldivar denying she had anything to do with fiscal discrepancies in checks that were found written in her name. Selena tried to repair her friendship with Saldivar despite her father's warnings. On March 30, 1995, Selena and Chris met with Saldivar at a motel to recover missing financial papers for tax purposes. When Selena arrived home she found that Saldivar did not give her the correct documents. She phoned Saldivar, who tried to convince Selena to return to her motel room alone. Chris insisted that it was too late, and he did not want Selena driving alone at night. Selena then agreed to meet with Saldivar the next morning.  On March 31, Selena woke up early to meet Saldivar at the motel where she was staying. She met with Saldivar, who delayed the transfer of papers with a story about having been raped in Mexico. Selena took Saldivar to a local hospital, where doctors found no evidence of rape. When they returned to the motel room, Selena ended their four-year working relationship. As she turned to leave, Saldivar reached into her handbag, pulled out a Taurus Model 85 .38 caliber revolver, pointed it at Selena and pulled the trigger. The bullet entered Selena's right shoulder blade from the back, piercing a major artery running from her hear

user: Did Chris have children?

assistant: In 2001 Chris married Villanueva and they had two children, a boy and a girl.

user: what happened in 1998?

assistant: John Garza introduced him to Venessa Villanueva, and after getting to know each other they became a couple in 1998.

user: Who is John Garza?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: why was 1995 important?

assistant: She was pronounced dead within the hour.

user: Who was found dead in 1995?

assistant: Selena

user: How did Selena die?

assistant: Saldivar reached into her handbag, pulled out a Taurus Model 85 .38 caliber revolver, pointed it at Selena and pulled the trigger.
Título: Louis Jordan
Seção: Early solo career
Background: Louis Thomas Jordan (July 8, 1908 - February 4, 1975) was a pioneering American musician, songwriter and bandleader who was popular from the late 1930s to the early 1950s. Known as "The King of the Jukebox", he was highly popular with both black and white audiences in the later years of the swing era. Jordan was one of the most successful African-American musicians of the 20th century, ranking fifth in the list of the most successful black recording artists according to Joel Whitburn's analysis of Billboard magazine's R&B chart. Though comprehensive sales figures are not available, he had at least four million-selling hits during his career.

Conteúdo: Jordan's first band, drawn mainly from members of the Jesse Stone band, was originally a nine-piece group, but he soon scaled it down to a sextet after landing a residency at the Elks Rendezvous club, at 464 Lenox Avenue, in Harlem. The original lineup of the sextet was Jordan (saxes, vocals), Courtney Williams (trumpet), Lem Johnson (tenor sax), Clarence Johnson (piano), Charlie Drayton (bass) and Walter Martin (drums). In his first billing, as Louie Jordan's Elks Rendez-vous Band, his name was spelled Louie so people would know not to pronounce it Lewis.  The new band's first recording date, for Decca Records on December 20, 1938, produced three sides on which they backed an obscure vocalist, Rodney Sturgess, and two novelty sides of their own, "Honey in the Bee Ball" and "Barnacle Bill the Sailor". These recordings were credited to the Elks Rendezvous Band, but Jordan subsequently changed the name to the Tympany Five, since Martin often used tympani in performance. (The word tympany is also an old-fashioned colloquial term meaning "swollen, inflated, puffed-up", etymologically related to timpani, or kettledrums, but historically separate.)  The various lineups of the Tympany Five (which often featured two or three extra players) included Bill Jennings and Carl Hogan on guitar, the renowned pianist-arrangers Wild Bill Davis and Bill Doggett, "Shadow" Wilson and Chris Columbus on drums and Dallas Bartley on bass. Jordan played alto, tenor and baritone saxophone and sang the 

user: when did Louis start solo career?

assistant: band's first recording date, for Decca Records on December 20, 1938,
Título: Randy Barnett
Seção: Amendment II - Limits of Commerce Power
Background: Randy Evan Barnett (born February 5, 1952, in Chicago) is an American lawyer, law professor at Georgetown University Law Center, where he teaches constitutional law and contracts, and legal theorist. He writes about the libertarian theory of law and contract theory, constitutional law, and jurisprudence. After attending Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and Harvard Law School in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Barnett worked as a prosecutor in Chicago, Illinois. Barnett's first academic position was at the Chicago-Kent College of Law of the Illinois Institute of Technology.

Conteúdo: The power of Congress to make all laws which are necessary and proper to regulate commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations, shall not be construed to include the power to regulate or prohibit any activity that is confined within a single state regardless of its effects outside the state, whether it employs instrumentalities therefrom, or whether its regulation or prohibition is part of a comprehensive regulatory scheme; but Congress shall have power to regulate harmful emissions between one state and another, and to define and provide for punishment of offenses constituting acts of war or violent insurrection against the United States.  The Constitution grants Congress the power to "regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes." That is amplified by the additional power "To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers...." The amendment would overrule the current interpretation of the commerce clause by removing three applications of the interstate commerce clause: the regulation of an activity having effects outside of a state, the regulation of instrumentalities of interstate commerce, and regulation as part of a broader regulatory scheme.  In Wickard v. Filburn, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could regulate the production of wheat by a farmer named Roscoe Filburn despite the fact that Filburn did not intend to sell any of the wheat across state

user: What does amendment two involve?

assistant: The power of Congress to make all laws which are necessary and proper to regulate commerce among the several states, or with foreign nations,

user: Is it related to another amendment?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Does the amendment do anything else?

assistant: shall not be construed to include the power to regulate or prohibit any activity that is confined within a single state regardless of its effects outside the state,

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The Constitution grants Congress the power to "regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several states, and with the Indian tribes.