Título: James Watt
Seção: Personality
Background: James Watt  (30 January 1736 (19 January 1736 OS) - 25 August 1819) was a Scottish inventor, mechanical engineer, and chemist who improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781, which was fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world. While working as an instrument maker at the University of Glasgow, Watt became interested in the technology of steam engines. He realised that contemporary engine designs wasted a great deal of energy by repeatedly cooling and reheating the cylinder. Watt introduced a design enhancement, the separate condenser, which avoided this waste of energy and radically improved the power, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of steam engines.

Conteúdo: In 1776, the first engines were installed and working in commercial enterprises. These first engines were used to power pumps and produced only reciprocating motion to move the pump rods at the bottom of the shaft. The design was commercially successful, and for the next five years Watt was very busy installing more engines, mostly in Cornwall for pumping water out of mines.  These early engines were not manufactured by Boulton and Watt, but were made by others according to drawings made by Watt, who served in the role of consulting engineer. The erection of the engine and its shakedown was supervised by Watt, at first, and then by men in the firm's employ. These were large machines. The first, for example, had a cylinder with a diameter of some 50 inches and an overall height of about 24 feet, and required the construction of a dedicated building to house it. Boulton and Watt charged an annual payment, equal to one third of the value of the coal saved in comparison to a Newcomen engine performing the same work.  The field of application for the invention was greatly widened when Boulton urged Watt to convert the reciprocating motion of the piston to produce rotational power for grinding, weaving and milling. Although a crank seemed the obvious solution to the conversion Watt and Boulton were stymied by a patent for this, whose holder, James Pickard, and associates proposed to cross-license the external condenser. Watt adamantly opposed this and they circumvented the patent b

user: What kind of man was James?

assistant: Watt was very interested in chemistry.

user: How did his love for chemistry affect his lifestyle?

assistant: When Watt returned to Britain, he began experiments along these lines with hopes of finding a commercially viable process.

user: Did he find the process he was looking for?

assistant: He soon communicated these results to James McGrigor, his father-in-law,

user: How did his father in-law react?

assistant: McGrigor was able to bleach 1500 yards of cloth to his satisfaction.

user: What did they do with the bleached cloth?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What happened afterwards?

assistant: He was a rather poor businessman, and especially hated bargaining and negotiating terms

user: What was his solution to his problem?

assistant: Watt confessed that "he would rather face a loaded cannon than settle an account or make a bargain.

user: What was his personality like?

assistant: His health was often poor. He was subject to frequent nervous headaches and depression.

user: Why was his health poor?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Watt was a prolific correspondent. During his years in Cornwall, he wrote long letters to Boulton several times per week.

user: What did they discuss?

assistant: He was averse to publishing his results in, for example, the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society

user: Where did he publish his findings?

assistant: however, and instead preferred to communicate his ideas in patents. He was an excellent draughtsman.