dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Bernard Herrmann
Seção: Collaboration with Orson Welles
Background: Bernard Herrmann (born Max Herman; June 29, 1911 - December 24, 1975) was an American composer best known for his work in composing for motion pictures. As a conductor, he championed the music of lesser-known composers. An Academy Award-winner (for The Devil and Daniel Webster, 1941; later renamed All That Money Can Buy), Herrmann is particularly known for his collaborations with director Alfred Hitchcock, most famously Psycho, North by Northwest, The Man Who Knew Too Much, and Vertigo. He also composed scores for many other movies, including Citizen Kane, The Day the Earth Stood Still, The Ghost and Mrs. Muir, Cape Fear, and Taxi Driver.

Conteúdo: While at CBS, Herrmann met Orson Welles, and wrote or arranged scores for radio shows in which Welles appeared or wrote, such as the Columbia Workshop, Welles's Mercury Theatre on the Air and Campbell Playhouse series (1938-1940), which were radio adaptations of literature and film. He conducted the live performances, including Welles's famous adaptation of H. G. Wells's The War of the Worlds broadcast on October 30, 1938, which consisted entirely of pre-existing music. Herrmann used large sections of his score for the inaugural broadcast of The Campbell Playhouse, an adaptation of Rebecca, for the feature film Jane Eyre (1943), the third film in which Welles starred.  When Welles gained his RKO Pictures contract, Herrmann worked for him. He wrote his first film score for Citizen Kane (1941) and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Score of a Dramatic Picture. He composed the score for Welles's second film, The Magnificent Ambersons (1942); like the film itself, the music was heavily edited by the studio, RKO Pictures. When more than half of his score was removed from the soundtrack, Herrmann bitterly severed his ties with the film and promised legal action if his name were not removed from the credits.  Herrmann also created the music for Welles's CBS radio series the Orson Welles Show (1941-1942), which included the debut of his wife Lucille Fletcher's suspense classic, The Hitch-Hiker; Ceiling Unlimited (1942), a program conceived to glorify the aviation industry 

user: What did he collaborate on with Orson Welles?

assistant: wrote or arranged scores for radio shows in which Welles appeared or wrote, such as the Columbia Workshop, Welles's Mercury Theatre on the Air and Campbell Playhouse series (1938-1940),

user: When did they start working together?

assistant: When Welles gained his RKO Pictures contract, Herrmann worked for him. He wrote his first film score for Citizen Kane (1941)

user: Did they win any awards for their work?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: How long did they work together?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Herrmann was among those who rebutted the charges Pauline Kael made in her 1971 essay "Raising Kane", in which she revived controversy over the authorship
Título: Judd Apatow
Seção: Debate
Background: Judd Apatow (; born December 6, 1967) is an American producer, writer, director, stand-up comedian and actor. He is the founder of Apatow Productions, through which he produced and developed the television series Freaks and Geeks, Undeclared, Girls, Love, and Crashing and directed the films The 40-Year-Old Virgin (2005), Knocked Up (2007), Funny People (2009), This Is 40 (2012), and Trainwreck (2015).

Conteúdo: In 2007 New York magazine noted that [former Apatow associate] Mike White ... was "disenchanted" by Apatow's later films, "objecting to the treatment of women and gay men in Apatow's recent movies", saying of Knocked Up: "At some point it starts feeling like comedy of the bullies, rather than the bullied." In a highly publicized Vanity Fair interview, lead actress Katherine Heigl admitted that though she enjoyed working with Apatow, she had a hard time enjoying Knocked Up herself, calling the movie "a little sexist", saying that the film "paints the women as shrews, as humorless and uptight". In response to accusations of sexism, Apatow told an interviewer that the characters in the film Knocked Up "are sexist at times... but it's really about immature people who are afraid of women and relationships and learn to grow up."  Kristen Wiig, in a speech presenting Apatow with the Herb Sargent Award for Comedy Excellence in February 2012 said that he was an "incredible collaborator and supporter" and in a 2011 interview with Elle, television actress and writer Lena Dunham, who has collaborated often with Apatow said of his work, "Knocked Up is really about love. ... His movies are about people trying to get closer to themselves. He's the perfect match for a story about being 25, because that's all 25-year-olds are interested in. The other problems they encounter--money issues, conflicts at work--don't matter."  Alyssa Rosenberg of ThinkProgress praised Apatow for his "wonderfully 

user: What was there to debate about?

assistant: "objecting to the treatment of women and gay men in Apatow's recent movies",

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Alyssa Rosenberg of ThinkProgress praised Apatow for his "wonderfully refreshing" approach to women and comedy,

user: What was his approach to women?

assistant: I'm a guy and so it leaned guy for a while. But one of the projects I'm most proud of is Freaks and Geeks, which is about a woman

user: How was it taken by the public?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Public Enemy (band)
Seção: Formation and early years (1986-1987)
Background: Public Enemy is an American hip hop group consisting of Chuck D, Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Khari Wynn, DJ Lord, and the S1W group. Founding member DJ Terminator X left the group in 1999. Formed on Long Island, New York, in 1986, they are known for their politically charged music and criticism of the American media, with an active interest in the frustrations and concerns of the African American community. Their first four albums during the late 1980s and early 1990s were all certified either gold or platinum and were, according to music critic Robert Hilburn in 1998, "the most acclaimed body of work ever by a hip hop act".

Conteúdo: Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s. Developing his talents as an MC with Flav while delivering furniture for his father's business, Chuck D and Spectrum City, as the group was called, released the record "Check Out the Radio", backed by "Lies", a social commentary--both of which would influence RUSH Productions' Run-D.M.C. and Beastie Boys. Chuck D put out a tape to promote WBAU (the radio station where he was working at the time) and to fend off a local MC who wanted to battle him. He called the tape Public Enemy #1 because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local scene. This was the first reference to the notion of a public enemy in any of Chuck D's songs. The single was created by Chuck D with a contribution by Flavor Flav, though this was before the group Public Enemy was officially assembled. Around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label. Stephney accepted, and his first assignment was to help fledgling producer Rick Rubin sign Chuck D, whose song "Public Enemy Number One" Rubin had heard from Andre "Doctor Dre" Brown.  According to the book The History of Rap Music by Cookie Lommel, "Stephney thought it was time to mesh the hard-hitting style of Run DMC with politics that addressed black youth. Chuck recruited Spectrum City, which included Hank Shocklee, his brother Keith Shocklee, an

user: Who were the founding members of Public Enemy?

assistant: Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.

user: Was there a specific date that the band was named Public Enemy?

assistant: " Hank Shocklee came up with the name Public Enemy based on "underdog love and their developing politics"

user: When did they first perform as Public Enemy?

assistant: With the addition of Flavor Flav and another local mobile DJ named Terminator X, the group Public Enemy was born.

user: Who was the next member to join?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What did they do after Terminator X joined?

assistant: Public Enemy started out as opening act for the Beastie Boys during the latter's Licensed to Ill popularity, and in 1987 released their debut album Yo! Bum Rush the Show.
Doing Business With Us 
Federal Student Aid Acquisitions plays an integral role supporting Federal Students Aid's needs and program objectives. Federal Student Aid Acquisitions is responsible for ensuring the efficient and economic acquisition of products and services for Federal Student Aid while reducing cost and maintaining compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and Executive Orders. 

Acquisition Forecast 
Federal Student Aid prepares an annual forecast, with periodic updates, of expected contract opportunities in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold for each fiscal year. Information on Federal Student Aid's forecast, as well as other U.S. Department of Education acquisitions, can be found at Forecast of ED Contract Opportunities. All forecasted procurements are subject to revision or cancellation. 

Acquisition Notices and Contract Solicitations 
Active acquisition synopses, contract solicitations, and other information including draft work statements, special notices, sources sought notices, etc ., are available at FedBizOpps, the U.S. Government's single point - of - entry for federal business opportunities. FedBizOpps also contains copies of requests for quotations for proposed contract actions expected to exceed $10,000 but not to exceed $25,000. 

Federal Student Aid IT Standards 
Federal Student Aid relies heavily on information technology IT to support complex business processes. Therefore , effective use of IT is essential to many Federal Student Aid acquisitions. The IT Standards Library identifies federal, Department and Federal Student Aid specific IT standards directly pertinent to Federal Student Aid's acquisitions. 

Contact 
If you have questions regarding Federal Student Aid's Acquisition activities , please e - mail FSA Acquisitions. 

user: dfsgfgsdrgfdg

assistant: tryeryertyfgdh

user: But How does it works?

assistant: All the active acquisition synopses and all the information you may need, is available at fezbizopps, the u.s. government's single point-of-entry for federal business oportunities.

user: I see. But do you have a contact where I can go?

assistant: For more questions regarding the federal student aid's acquisition activities?you can send us a e-mail.

user: Alright, I see, but no problem. I have not so many questions about it.

user: I can apply for this at any time?

assistant: The federal student aid prepares an annual forecast, with periodic updates for each fiscal year.

user: I see, but there good opportunities here, right?

assistant: Yes, because the federal student aid acquisitions is responsible for the efficient and economic acquisition of products for the federal student aid program.
Título: Jonas Salk
Seção: Salk's "biophilosophy"
Background: Jonas Edward Salk (; October 28, 1914 - June 23, 1995) was an American medical researcher and virologist. He discovered and developed one of the first successful polio vaccines. Born in New York City, he attended New York University School of Medicine, later choosing to do medical research instead of becoming a practicing physician. In 1939, after earning his medical degree, Salk began an internship as a physician scientist at Mount Sinai Hospital.

Conteúdo: In 1966, The New York Times referred to him as the "Father of Biophilosophy." According to Times journalist and author Howard Taubman, "he never forgets... there is a vast amount of darkness for man to penetrate. As a biologist, he believes that his science is on the frontier of tremendous new discoveries; and as a philosopher, he is convinced that humanists and artists have joined the scientists to achieve an understanding of man in all his physical, mental and spiritual complexity. Such interchanges might lead, he would hope, to a new and important school of thinkers he would designate as biophilosophers." Salk told his cousin, Joel Kassiday, at a meeting of the Congressional Clearinghouse on the Future on Capitol Hill in 1984 that he was optimistic that ways to prevent most human and animal diseases would eventually be developed. Salk said people must be prepared to take prudent risks, since "a risk-free society would become a dead-end society" without progress.  Salk describes his "biophilosophy" as the application of a "biological, evolutionary point of view to philosophical, cultural, social and psychological problems." He went into more detail in two of his books, Man's Unfolding, and The Survival of the Wisest. In an interview in 1980, he described his thoughts on the subject, including his feeling that a sharp rise and an expected leveling off in the human population would take place and eventually bring a change in human attitudes:  "I think of biological knowledge 

user: What is Salk's biophilosophy?

assistant: As a biologist, he believes that his science is on the frontier of tremendous new discoveries; and as a philosopher, he is convinced

user: Did he write any books on his biophilosophy?

assistant: " He went into more detail in two of his books, Man's Unfolding, and The Survival of the Wisest.

user: Did either of his books win any awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Just prior to his death, Salk was working on a new book along the theme of biophilosophy, privately reported to be titled Millennium of the Mind.
Título: Davy Crockett
Seção: Marriages and children
Background: David "Davy" Crockett (August 17, 1786 - March 6, 1836) was a 19th-century American folk hero, frontiersman, soldier, and politician. He is commonly referred to in popular culture by the epithet "King of the Wild Frontier". He represented Tennessee in the U.S. House of Representatives and served in the Texas Revolution. Crockett grew up in East Tennessee, where he gained a reputation for hunting and storytelling.

Conteúdo: Crockett fell in love with John Canady's niece Amy Summer, who was engaged to Canady's son Robert. While serving as part of the wedding party, Crockett met Margaret Elder. He persuaded her to marry him, and a marriage contract was drawn up on October 21, 1805. Margaret had also become engaged to another young man at the same time and married him instead.  He met Polly Finley and her mother Jean at a harvest festival. Although friendly towards him in the beginning, Jean Finley eventually felt Crockett was not the man for her daughter. Crockett declared his intentions to marry Polly, regardless of whether the ceremony was allowed to take place in her parents' home or had to be performed elsewhere. He arranged for a justice of the peace and took out a marriage license on August 12, 1806. On August 16, he rode to Polly's house with family and friends, determined to ride off with Polly to be married elsewhere. Polly's father pleaded with Crockett to have the wedding in the Finley home. Crockett agreed only after Jean apologized for her past treatment of him.  The newlyweds settled on land near Polly's parents, and their first child, John Wesley Crockett, who became a United States Congressman, was born July 10, 1807. Their second child, William Finley Crockett, was born November 25, 1808. In October 1811, the family relocated to Lincoln County. Their third child Margaret Finley (Polly) Crockett was born on November 25, 1812. The Crocketts then moved to Franklin County in 1813. He 

user: Who did Davy marry?

assistant: Polly Finley

user: Did he stayed married to her?

assistant: he married the widow Elizabeth Patton,

user: Did he have any children with either of them?

assistant: and their first child, John Wesley Crockett,

user: Did he had children after John?

assistant: Their second child, William Finley Crockett,

user: Why did he divorce his first wife?

assistant: ".  His wife died in March 1815,

user: Did he marry for a third time?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: their first child, John Wesley Crockett, who became a United States Congressman,
Título: Usher (musician)
Seção: 1997-2003: My Way and 8701
Background: Usher was born in Dallas, Texas, the son of Jonetta Patton (nee O'Neal), from Tennessee, and Usher Raymond III. Usher spent the majority of his young life in Chattanooga: his father left the family when Usher was a year old. Usher grew up with his mother, then-stepfather, and half-brother, James Lackey (born 1984). Directed by his mother, Usher joined the local church youth choir in Chattanooga, when he was nine years old.

Conteúdo: Usher developed a friendship with American record producer, Jermaine Dupri, with whom he co-wrote and produced several tracks for his second album, My Way, released on September 16, 1997. The album's lead single, "You Make Me Wanna...", reached number one in the United Kingdom, becoming Usher's first record to be top single; the record led to his popularity reaching in the country. It also became Usher's first gold- and platinum-certified single in the United States. The album's second single, "Nice & Slow", peaked in January 1998 at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Usher his first US number-one single. In February of the same year, the single was certified platinum by the RIAA. My Way has been certified six-time platinum in the United States.  "You Make Me Wanna..." won the Best Male R&B/Soul Single at the 1999 Soul Train Music Awards. In the closing months of 1997, Usher embarked on a series of tour engagements including a spot on Puffy's No Way Out tour, dates with Mary J. Blige, and the opening spot on Janet Jackson's The Velvet Rope Tour. Usher's first concert album, Live, was released in 1999, which featured appearances by Lil' Kim, Jagged Edge, Trey Lorenz, Shanice, Twista and Manuel Seal; the album has been certified gold in the United States.  Usher made his acting debut on the UPN television series Moesha, which resulted in a recurring role on the series and subsequently his first film role in 1998's The Faculty. Usher's extracurricular activities outside

user: What awards did he win from 1997 to 2003?

assistant: You Make Me Wanna..." won the Best Male R&B/Soul Single at the 1999 Soul Train

user: What other albums or songs did he come up with?

assistant: My Way, released on September 16, 1997.

user: How well was My Way received?

assistant: first record to be top single; the record led to his popularity reaching in the country. It also became Usher's first gold- and platinum-certified single in the United States.

user: What was the next record to reach top single or gold and platinum certified single?

assistant: "Nice & Slow", peaked in January 1998 at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Usher his first US number-one single.

user: Did he continue to rise after 1998?

assistant: Usher's third studio album, originally titled All About U, was slated to be released in early 2001.
Título: Shakira
Seção: 2008-2010: She WolfEdit
Background: Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (pronounced [(t)Sa'kira isa'bel meba'rak ri'pol]; English: ; born 2 February 1977) is a Colombian singer, songwriter, and dancer. Born and raised in Barranquilla, she began performing in school, demonstrating Latin American, Arabic, and rock and roll influences and belly dancing abilities. Shakira's first studio albums, Magia and Peligro, failed to attain commercial success in the 1990s; however, she rose to prominence in Latin America with her major-label debut, Pies Descalzos (1996), and her fourth album, Donde Estan los Ladrones? (1998).

Conteúdo: In early 2008, Forbes named Shakira the fourth top-earning female artist in music industry. Then, in July of that year, Shakira signed a $300 million contract with Live Nation, an international touring giant, which contract was to remain in effect for ten years. The touring group also doubles as a record label which promotes, but does not control, the music its artists release. Shakira's contract with Epic Records called for three more albums as well - one in English, one in Spanish, and a compilation, but the touring and other rights of the Live Nation deal were confirmed to begin immediately.  In January 2009, Shakira performed at the Lincoln Memorial "We Are One" festivities in honor of the inauguration of President Barack Obama. She performed "Higher Ground" with Stevie Wonder and Usher. She Wolf, was released in October 2009 internationally and on 23 November 2009 in the U.S. The album received mainly positive reviews from critics, and was included in AllMusic's year-end "Favorite Albums," "Favorite Latin Albums," and "Favorite Pop Albums" lists. She Wolf reached number one on the charts of Argentina, Ireland, Italy, Mexico and Switzerland. It also charted inside the top five in Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom. It debuted at number fifteen on the Billboard 200. She Wolf was certified double-platinum in Colombia and Mexico, platinum in Italy and Spain, and gold in numerous countries including France and the United Kingdom. To date the album has sold 2 million copies

user: What is she wolfedit

assistant: She Wolf, was released in October 2009 internationally and on 23 November 2009 in the U.S.

user: What songs are on shewolf

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Ben Stiller
Seção: Directorial debut
Background: Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller was born on November 30, 1965 in New York City. His father, comedian and actor Jerry Stiller, is from a Jewish family that emigrated from Poland and Galicia in Central Europe. His mother, actress and comedian Anne Meara, who was from an Irish Catholic background, converted to Reform Judaism after marrying his father. While the family was "never very religious", they celebrated both Hanukkah and Christmas, and Stiller had a Bar Mitzvah.

Conteúdo: Stiller had a few minor roles in the early 1990s, in films such as Stella, Highway to Hell and in a cameo, The Nutt House. In 1992, Stiller was approached to direct Reality Bites, based on a script by Helen Childress. Stiller devoted the next year and a half to rewriting the script with Childress, fundraising and recruiting cast members for the film. It was eventually released in early 1994, directed by Stiller and featuring him as a co-star. The film was produced by Danny DeVito, who would later direct Stiller's 2003 film Duplex and produce his 2004 film Along Came Polly.  Reality Bites debuted as the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend and received mixed reviews.  Stiller joined his parents in the family film Heavyweights (1995), in which he played two roles, and then had a brief uncredited role in Adam Sandler's Happy Gilmore (1996). Next, he had lead roles in If Lucy Fell and Flirting with Disaster, before tackling his next directorial effort with The Cable Guy, which starred Jim Carrey. Stiller once again was featured in his own film, as twins. The film received mixed reviews, but was noted for paying the highest salary for an actor up to that point, as Carrey received $20 million for his work in the film. The film also connected Stiller with future Frat Pack members Jack Black and Owen Wilson.  Also in 1996, MTV invited Stiller to host the VH1 Fashion Awards. Along with SNL writer Drake Sather, Stiller developed a short film for the awards about a male model kn

user: What was the first thing he directed?

assistant: Reality Bites

user: What year was that?

assistant: in early 1994,

user: Did Reality Bites do well?

assistant: Reality Bites debuted as the highest-grossing film in its opening weekend and received mixed reviews.

user: Did it get any awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Bernie Leadon
Seção: Early life and musical beginnings
Background: Bernard Mathew Leadon III (pronounced led-un; born July 19, 1947) is an American musician and songwriter, best known as a founding member of the Eagles. Prior to the Eagles, he was a member of three pioneering and highly influential country rock bands: Hearts & Flowers, Dillard & Clark, and the Flying Burrito Brothers. He is a multi-instrumentalist (guitar, banjo, mandolin, steel guitar, dobro) coming from a bluegrass background. He introduced elements of this music to a mainstream audience during his tenure with the Eagles.

Conteúdo: Leadon was born in Minneapolis, one of ten siblings, to Dr. Bernard Leadon Jr. and Ann Teresa (nee Sweetser) Leadon, devout Roman Catholics. His father was an aerospace engineer and nuclear physicist whose career moved the family around the U.S. The family enjoyed music and, at an early age, Bernie developed an interest in folk and bluegrass music. He eventually mastered the 5-string banjo, mandolin and acoustic guitar.  As a young teen he moved with his family to San Diego, where he met fellow musicians Ed Douglas and Larry Murray of the local bluegrass outfit, the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers. The Barkers proved a breeding ground for future California country rock talent, including shy, 18-year-old mandolin player Chris Hillman, with whom Leadon maintained a lifelong friendship. Augmented by banjo player (and future Flying Burrito Brother) Kenny Wertz, the Squirrel Barkers eventually asked Leadon to join the group, upon Wertz's joining the Air Force in 1963.  His stint in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers did not last long. In late 1963, his family once again relocated to Gainesville, Florida, when his father accepted a position as Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Florida. Leadon attended Gainesville High School, where he met classmate and future Eagles lead guitarist Don Felder, whose band, the Continentals, had just lost guitarist Stephen Stills. Upon Leadon's joining the group, rechristened Maundy Quintet, they gigged locally, even sharing the bill 

user: Where was Bernie born?

assistant: Leadon was born in Minneapolis,

user: Who were his parents?

assistant: Dr. Bernard Leadon Jr. and Ann Teresa (nee Sweetser) Leadon,

user: Did he have siblings?

assistant: one of ten siblings,

user: How was his childhood?

assistant: As a young teen he moved with his family to San Diego, where he met fellow musicians Ed Douglas and Larry Murray of the local bluegrass outfit,

user: Did he start music at this point?

assistant: The family enjoyed music and, at an early age, Bernie developed an interest in folk and bluegrass music.

user: What instruments did he play?

assistant: 5-string banjo, mandolin and acoustic guitar.

user: Did he sing also?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What gigs did he do?

assistant: His stint in the Scottsville Squirrel Barkers did not last long.
Título: David M. Shoup
Seção: Tarawa
Background: David Monroe Shoup (30 December 1904 - 13 January 1983) was a decorated general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, became the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War. Born in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.

Conteúdo: In mid-1943, Shoup was transferred to the staff of Major General Julian C. Smith, commander of the 2nd Marine Division, and tasked to help plan the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll. Shoup's aggressive leadership style would complement the offensive strategy his superiors were seeking in taking the atoll. He was tasked with drawing up initial plans, designating the landing beaches on Betio for the 2nd Marines, and overseeing some rehearsals at Efate. However, after Colonel William W. Marshall, commander of the 2nd Marines, suffered a nervous breakdown before invasion, Smith promoted Shoup to Colonel and gave him command of the regiment, in spite of Shoup's lack of combat experience.  The invasion commenced on 20 November 1943, with Shoup disembarking from Maryland, the flagship for the invasion. His force met heavy resistance on the beaches. His LVT was destroyed by shore fire, and he had to proceed without transportation. As he was wading ashore at around 11:00, he was struck by shrapnel in the legs and received a grazing wound from a bullet in the neck. In spite of these wounds, he rallied the Marines and led them ashore. He was able to coordinate the troops on the beaches and organize them as they began to push inland against an anticipated Japanese counterattack. He continuously organized aggressive attacks on the defenders, and was noted for his bravery and vigour during the conflict. On the second day of the attack, he organized an advance inland, despite heavy casualti

user: What is Tarawa?

assistant: the invasion of Betio on Tarawa Atoll.
Título: George Meany
Seção: Merger of AFL and CIO
Background: William George Meany (August 16, 1894 - January 10, 1980) was an American labor union leader for 57 years. He was the key figure in the creation of the AFL-CIO and served as the AFL-CIO's first president, from 1955 to 1979. Meany, the son of a union plumber, became a plumber at a young age, as well. He became a full-time union official 12 years later.

Conteúdo: When Green's health declined in 1951, Meany gradually took over day-to-day operations of the AFL. He became president of the American Federation of Labor in 1952 upon Green's death, which occurred just 12 days after the death of Congress of Industrial Organizations president Philip Murray. Walter Reuther of the United Auto Workers became president of the CIO.  Upon taking leadership of the AFL, Meany put forward a proposal to merge with the CIO. Meany took control of the AFL upon being elected president, but it took a bit longer for Reuther to solidify his control of the CIO. Reuther then became a willing partner in the merger negotiations.  It took Meany three years to negotiate the merger, and he had to overcome significant opposition. John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers called the merger a "rope of sand," and his union refused to join the AFL-CIO. Jimmy Hoffa, second in command of the Teamster's Union, protested, "What's in it for us? Nothing!" However, the Teamsters went along with the merger initially. Mike Quill, president of the Transport Workers Union of America also fought the merger, saying that it amounted to a capitulation to the "racism, racketeering and raiding" of the AFL.  Meany's efforts came to fruition in December 1955 with a joint convention in New York City that merged the two federations, creating the AFL-CIO, with Meany elected as president. Called Meany's "greatest achievement" by Time magazine, the new federation had 15 million members. Only two 

user: What was the AFL?

assistant: American Federation of Labor

user: What was the CIO?

assistant: Congress of Industrial Organizations

user: When did the AFL and the CIO merge?

assistant: Upon taking leadership of the AFL, Meany put forward a proposal to merge with the CIO.

user: What leadership position did he  hold with the AFL?

assistant: Meany took control of the AFL upon being elected president,

user: What did he want the merger with CIO to accomplish?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what happened after the merger?

assistant: Only two million US workers were members of unions remaining outside the AFL-CIO.

user: Were there any difficulties with the merger?

assistant: Jimmy Hoffa, second in command of the Teamster's Union, protested, "What's in it for us? Nothing!"
Título: Jessi Colter
Seção: Later music career: 1980-2002
Background: Miriam Johnson was born in 1943 in Phoenix, Arizona and raised in a strict Pentecostal home. Her mother was a Pentecostal preacher and her father was a race-car driver. At age 11, Colter became the pianist at her church. After graduating from Mesa High, Ariz. in 1961, she began singing in local clubs in Phoenix.

Conteúdo: In 1981, Colter and her husband returned to release a duet album entitled Leather and Lace. The album's first single, "Storms Never Last," was written by Colter, and the second single, "The Wild Side of Life"/"It Wasn't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels," was also a major hit in 1981, peaking at No. 10 on the Billboard Country Chart. The album was certified Gold in sales by the RIAA that year, Colter's second RIAA-certified album to date. Stevie Nicks wrote the title track of the album; however, after receiving word that Colter and Jennings might divorce, Nicks released her own version of the song as a duet with Don Henley. It peaked at No. 6 on Pop chart, also in 1981. Also in 1981 Colter released her final studio album on Capitol records, Ridin' Shotgun, which also spawned Colter's last charting single on the country charts, "Holdin' on."  As the decade progressed, Colter's success began to decline. She released an album in 1984 on the Triad label titled Rock and Roll Lullaby, produced by Chips Moman. However, in the later years of the decade, she decided to let her recording career decline in order to help take care of and nurse her husband through his drug abuse and various medical problems. She remained active during this time.  In the early 1990s, she focused her attention on performing and released an album of children's music titled Jessi Colter Sings Just for Kids: Songs from Around the World in early 1996. It featured a guest appearance by Jennings, who recited some of

user: What did Colter do during the early 1980s?

assistant: In 1981, Colter and her husband returned to release a duet album entitled Leather and Lace.
Título: Janis Joplin
Seção: Early life: 1943-1961
Background: Janis Lyn Joplin (; January 19, 1943 - October 4, 1970) was an American rock singer and songwriter; one of the most successful and widely-known female rock stars of her era. After releasing three albums, she died of a heroin overdose at the age of 27. A fourth album, Pearl, was released in January 1971, just over three months after her death.

Conteúdo: Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)January 19, 1943, to Dorothy Bonita East (1913-1998), a registrar at a business college, and her husband, Seth Ward Joplin (1910-1987), an engineer at Texaco. She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura. The family belonged to the Churches of Christ denomination.  Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children. As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly, whom Joplin later credited with influencing her decision to become a singer. She began singing blues and folk music with friends at Thomas Jefferson High School.  Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne, leaving her with deep scars that required dermabrasion. Other kids at high school would routinely taunt her and call her names like "pig", "freak", "nigger lover", or "creep". She stated, "I was a misfit. I read, I painted, I thought. I didn't hate niggers."  Joplin graduated from high school in 1960 and attended Lamar State College of Technology in Beaumont, Texas, during the summer and later the University of Texas at Austin (UT), though she did not complete her college studies. The campus newspaper, The Daily Texan, ran a profile of her in the issue dated July 27, 1962, headlined "She Dares to Be Different." The article began, "She goes barefooted when she f

user: when was he born?

assistant: Janis Lyn Joplin was born in Port Arthur, Texas, on (1943-01-19)

user: did he have any siblings

assistant: She had two younger siblings, Michael and Laura.

user: what was her childhood like

assistant: Her parents felt that Janis needed more attention than their other children.

user: why did she need more attention than them

assistant: Joplin stated that she was ostracised and bullied in high school. As a teen, she became overweight and suffered with acne,

user: what else happened to her as a child

assistant: As a teenager, Joplin befriended a group of outcasts, one of whom had albums by blues artists Bessie Smith, Ma Rainey, and Lead Belly,

user: did she have any accomplishments as a kid

assistant: Joplin graduated from high school in 1960
Título: Frankie Goes to Hollywood
Seção: "Two Tribes"
Background: Frankie Goes to Hollywood (FGTH) were a British band formed in Liverpool, England, in 1980. The group was fronted by Holly Johnson (vocals), with Paul Rutherford (vocals), Peter Gill (drums, percussion), Mark O'Toole (bass guitar), and Brian Nash (guitar). The group's 1983 debut single "Relax" was banned by the BBC in 1984 while at number six in the charts and subsequently topped the UK Singles Chart for five consecutive weeks, going on to enjoy prolonged chart success throughout that year and ultimately becoming the seventh best-selling UK single of all time. It also won the 1985 Brit Award for Best British Single.

Conteúdo: On the B-side to the group's first single, Johnson explained that the group's name derived from a page from The New Yorker magazine, featuring the headline "Frankie Goes Hollywood" and a picture of Frank Sinatra, although the magazine page Johnson referred to was actually a pop art poster by Guy Peellaert. The original group named "Frankie Goes to Hollywood" dates from 1980.  The nucleus of the group emerged from the late 1970s Liverpool punk scene. Lead singer Johnson had played bass with Big in Japan and had also released two solo singles. Local musicians Peter Gill (drums), Jed O'Toole (bass), and O'Toole's cousin Brian Nash (guitar) initially joined Johnson, calling themselves the Sons of Egypt. This line-up secured a number of small local gigs before disbanding.  The group was reprised when Johnson joined Mark O'Toole (bass) and Peter "Ped" Gill to form FGTH. During a particularly fluid period of personnel changes, Jed O'Toole joined FGTH on guitar, and a female vocalist, Sonia Mazumder, was also a band member for the first Frankie gig at the Leeds nightclub "The Warehouse", supporting Hambi & The Dance. Paul Rutherford - a member of the headline act who had also sung in seminal Liverpool punk band The Spitfire Boys - apparently got so caught up in Frankie's performance that he effectively replaced Mazumder that very night. The new all-male musical line-up subsequently toured locally with a leather-clad female duo known as "The Leatherpets" and managed to fund promotiona

user: What was "Two Tribes"

assistant: In October 1982, the group recorded a John Peel Session for BBC Radio 1, comprising the originals "Krisco Kisses", "Two Tribes", "

user: When was the song released?

assistant: Two Tribes", was released in May 1984.

user: Did it chart?

assistant: it went straight into the UK charts at Number One and stayed there for nine weeks

user: What was the critics response?

assistant: with total sales exceeding 1.5 million copies and becoming one of the top 30 best-selling records in the UK ever.

user: Did it succeed internationally?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The anti-conflict song was given an aggressively topical nuclear war slant.
Título: Ernie Els
Seção: 2003-2005: The Big Five
Background: Theodore Ernest Els (; born 17 October 1969) is a South African professional golfer. A former World No. 1, he is known as "The Big Easy" due to his imposing physical stature (he stands 6 ft 3 in (1.91 m)) along with his fluid golf swing. Among his 71 career victories are four major championships: the U.S. Open in 1994 at Oakmont and in 1997 at Congressional, and The Open Championship in 2002 at Muirfield and in 2012 at Royal Lytham & St Annes. He is one of six golfers to twice win both the U.S. Open and The Open Championship.

Conteúdo: 2003 gave Els his first European Tour Order of Merit. Although playing fewer events than his competitors Els won four times and had three runners-up. He also performed well in the United States with back to back victories at the Mercedes Championship - where he set the all-time PGA Tour 72-hole record for most strokes under par at 31 under - and Sony Open and achieved top-20 spots in all four majors, including a fifth-place finish at the U.S Open and sixth-place finishes at both the Masters and PGA Championship. To top off the season Els won the World Match Play title for a record-tying fifth time. In 2003 he was voted 37th on the SABC3's Great South Africans.  2004 was another successful year as Els won 6 times on both tours, including big wins at Memorial, WGC-American Express Championship and his sixth World Match Play Championship, a new record. His success did not stop there. Els showed remarkable consistency in the Majors but lost to Phil Mickelson in the Masters when Mickelson birdied the 18th for the title, finished ninth in the U.S. Open after playing in the final group with friend and fellow countryman Retief Goosen and surprisingly lost in a playoff in the Open to the then unknown Todd Hamilton. Els had a 14-foot (4.3 m) putt for birdie on the final hole of regulation for the Open at Royal Troon, but he missed the putt and lost in the playoff. Els ended the major season with a fourth-place finish in the PGA Championship, where a three-putt on the 72nd hole would co

user: What is the Big Five?

assistant: the era in golf where Tiger Woods, Vijay Singh, Ernie Els, Retief Goosen and Phil Mickelson dominated the game of golf.

user: Who was the most successful?

assistant: The five switched up and down the top five positions in the World Golf Ranking;

user: Did they all hit number 1?

assistant: The five stayed, for the most part, in the top five spots from 2004 until the start of 2007.

user: What tournaments did they win?

assistant: Nine majors were won between them, many fighting against each other head to head.
VA decision reviews and appeals 


Mark your calendar 
You have 1 year from the date on your decision to request a decision review, unless you have a fiduciary claim or a multiple party claim. See if one of these rare situations applies to you 

Decision review options 
Add new and relevant evidence file a Supplemental Claim Ask for a new look from a senior reviewer request a Higher - Level Review Appeal to a Veterans Law Judge request a Board Appeal 

Add new and relevant evidence 
Download VA Form 20 - 0995: Supplemental Claim PDF When you choose to file a Supplemental Claim , you re adding new evidence that supportsyour case or identifying evidence for review. A reviewer will look at all the evidence anddetermine whether it changes the decision. Learn how to file a Supplemental Claim 

Can I file a Supplemental Claim? 
You can file a Supplemental Claim within 1 year of a decision if you have new evidence. But you can t file a Supplemental Claim if you have a fiduciary claim or you re one of multiple people claiming the same benefit this is rare. See if one of these rare situations applies to you 

Ask for a new look from a senior reviewer 
Download VA Form 20 - 0996: Higher - Level Review PDF When you choose to request a Higher - Level Review , you re asking for another review of the same evidence. A seniorreviewer will take another look at your case and determinewhether the decision can be changed based on a difference of opinion or an error that VA made. Learn how to request a Higher - Level Review 

Can I request a Higher-Level Review? 
You can request a Higher - Level Review of an initial claim or Supplemental Claimdecision. This option isn t available after a Higher - Level Review or Board Appeal. 

Appeal to a Veterans Law Judge 
Download VA Form 10182: Board Appeal PDF A judge at the Board of Veterans Appeals in Washington, D.C., will review your case. Learn more about how to request a Board Appeal 

Can I request a Board Appeal? 
You can request a Board

user: What can i do because I do not agree with the Boards decision?

assistant: Do you have new and relevant evidence that supports your case?

user: Yes, I definitely have new and relevant evidence.

assistant: Then you are able to file a Supplemental Claim and you can also make an appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for Veterans Claims.  

user: What if I need help with the process?

assistant: A Veterans Service Organization or VA-accredited attorney can help you request a decision review.

user: What if I have more questions?

assistant: You can get answers to frequently asked questions about decision reviews by going to FAQs.

user: Is it necessary to go to the VA scheduled exam?

assistant: Yes, it is necessary and please do not miss the scheduled exams.

user: Is it possible for me to request a Board Appeal?

assistant: You can request a Board Appeal after an initial claim, Supplemental Claim, or Higher-Level Review Decision and you can request 2 board appeals in a row.
Benefits Planner: Retirement 


What is Government Pension Offset (GPO)? 
If you will receive a pension for work not covered by Social Security such as government employment , any Social Security benefits you may be eligible to receive on your spouse's record may be reduced. This type of benefit reduction is called GPO. Some individuals are exempt from the offset. If you want to know if you meet the requirements for an exemption , please read the " When won't my Social Security benefits be reduced? " section of our " Government Pension Offset " factsheet. 

Information You Need to Calculate Your Benefits If You Are Affected by the GPO 
To estimate your future spouse's, widow's, or widower's benefits under the GPO , you need two things : The estimated " gross " monthly amount of your pension from your government job not covered by Social Security. The estimated monthly amount of your Social Security benefit as a spouse, widow, or widower before the effect of GPO. 

If you will be eligible for spouse's benefits and have access to your spouse's estimate: 
Find the estimated amount of the retirement benefit your spouse would be eligible to receive at full retirement age. If your spouse already receives benefits , ask them what their benefit would be if it started at their full or normal retirement age. Divide this amount in half and round down to the nearest dollar. This is your estimated spouse's benefit if you retire at full retirement age. 

If you will be eligible for a Social Security retirement benefit based on your own earnings: 
As well as a higher benefit based on your spouse's earnings , it will also affect your benefits as a spouse, widow, or widower. To get a more accurate estimate of how the government pension you will receive for work not covered by Social Security will affect the part of your benefit based on your spouse's work : Enter the estimated " gross " monthly amount of the government pension in today's dollars you will receive for work not cover

user: I want to know more about planning my retirement benefits.

assistant: well, there's the Government Pension Offset (GPO). Do you want to know about it?

user: yes.

assistant: Will you receive a pension for work not covered by Social Security?