dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Celine Dion
Seção: 1968-1989: Early life and career beginnings
Background: Celine Marie Claudette Dion,  ChLD (; French: [selin djo]; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer. Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband Rene Angelil mortgaged his home to finance her first record. Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland.

Conteúdo: Dion was born in Charlemagne, Quebec, the youngest of 14 children of Therese (nee Tanguay), a homemaker, and Adhemar Dion, a butcher, both of French-Canadian descent. Dion was raised a Roman Catholic in a poor, but, by her own account, happy home in Charlemagne. Music had always been a major part of the Dion family; indeed, Dion herself was named after the song "Celine," which French singer Hugues Aufray had recorded two years before her own birth. On 13 August 1973, at the age of five, the young Celine made her first public appearance at her brother Michel's wedding, where she performed Christine Charbonneau's song "Du fil des aiguilles et du coton". She continued to perform with her siblings in her parents' small piano bar called Le Vieux Baril, "The Old Barrel." From an early age, Dion had dreamed of being a performer. In a 1994 interview with People magazine, she recalled, "I missed my family and my home, but I don't regret having lost my adolescence. I had one dream: I wanted to be a singer."  At age 12, Dion collaborated with her mother and her brother Jacques to write and compose her first song, "Ce n'etait qu'un reve," whose title translates as "It Was Only a Dream" or "Nothing But A Dream." Her brother Michel sent the recording to music manager Rene Angelil, whose name he discovered on the back of a Ginette Reno album. Angelil was moved to tears by Dion's voice and decided to make her a star. In 1981, he mortgaged his home to fund her first record, La voix du bon Die

user: Where was she born?

assistant: Dion was born in Charlemagne, Quebec,

user: What was her childhood like?

assistant: Dion was raised a Roman Catholic in a poor, but, by her own account, happy home in Charlemagne.

user: Was she bullied?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: When did she begin music?

assistant: At age 12, Dion collaborated with her mother and her brother Jacques to write and compose her first song,

user: When was she discovered?

assistant: Angelil was moved to tears by Dion's voice and decided to make her a star. In 1981,

user: Did she get signed right away?

assistant: In 1981, he mortgaged his home to fund her first record,

user: How did the album do?

assistant: La voix du bon Dieu, which later became a local No. 1 hit and made Dion an instant star in Quebec.
Título: Catwoman
Seção: DC Universe
Background: Catwoman is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman. Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, the character made her debut as "the Cat" in Batman #1 (June 1940). Catwoman, whose real name is Selina Kyle, has been Batman's most enduring love interest and is known for her complex love-hate relationship with him. As a Gotham City burglar, Catwoman typically wears a tight, one-piece outfit and uses a bullwhip for a weapon.

Conteúdo: In June 2016, the DC Rebirth event relaunched DC Comics' entire line of comic book titles, in which Catwoman has a prominent role in the third volume of Batman. In December 2017, DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming, and Catwoman continues to be featured in the third volume Batman. The series reveals Selina's origin through a series of flashbacks and letters exchanged between Bruce and Selina. Her parents died when she was young, and she hardly remembers them. She is sent in the Thomas and Martha Wayne Home for the Boys and Girls of Gotham, and even after being placed in various foster, she would escape to return to the orphanage.  Eventually, Selina becomes Catwoman. During one of her heists, she is approached by the Kite Man to aide the Joker in a gang war against the Riddler, which she refuses. She later aides Batman, with whom she already has a romantic relationship, to spy on the Joker. She is shot from a window, but is unharmed. At some point in the future, her childhood orphanage is bombed by a terrorist group called the Dogs of War. Batman reluctantly arrests Catwoman after all 237 of them are killed, despite Catwoman's insistence on her guilt.  Her first appearance is in Batman #9, where she is revealed to be imprisoned in Arkham Asylum for the alleged murders of the Dogs of War. Batman is determined to prove her innocence, and makes a deal with Amanda Waller to get her off death row in exch

user: What is DC Universe?

assistant: In December 2017, DC Comics ended the Rebirth branding, opting to include everything under a larger "DC Universe" banner and naming,

user: was this successful?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Eventually, Selina becomes Catwoman. During one of her heists, she is approached by the Kite Man to aide the Joker in a gang war against the Riddler,
Título: Gavin Newsom
Seção: Business career
Background: Gavin Christopher Newsom was born in San Francisco, California, to Tessa Thomas (nee Menzies) and William Alfred Newsom III, a retired state appeals court justice and attorney for Getty Oil. He is a fourth-generation San Franciscan. His father is of mostly Irish descent; one of Newsom's maternal great-grandfathers, Scotsman Thomas Addis, was a pioneer scientist in the field of nephrology and a professor of medicine at Stanford University. Newsom is the second cousin, twice removed, of musician Joanna Newsom.

Conteúdo: On May 14, 1991, Newsom and his investors created the company PlumpJack Associates L.P. In 1992, the group started the PlumpJack Winery with the financial help of his family friend Gordon Getty. PlumpJack was the name of an opera written by Getty, who invested in 10 of Newsom's 11 businesses. Getty told the San Francisco Chronicle that he treated Newsom like a son and invested in his first business venture because of that relationship. According to Getty, later business investments were because of "the success of the first."  One of Newsom's early interactions with government occurred when Newsom resisted the San Francisco Health Department requirement to install a sink at his PlumpJack wine store. The Health Department argued that wine was a food. The department required the store to install a $27,000 sink in the carpeted wine shop on the grounds that the shop needed the sink for a mop. When Newsom was later appointed supervisor, he told the San Francisco Examiner: "That's the kind of bureaucratic malaise I'm going to be working through."  The business grew to an enterprise with more than 700 employees. The PlumpJack Cafe Partners L.P. opened the PlumpJack Cafe, also on Fillmore Street, in 1993. Between 1993 and 2000, Newsom and his investors opened several other businesses that included the PlumpJack Squaw Valley Inn with a PlumpJack Cafe (1994), the Napa Valley winery (1995), the Balboa Cafe Bar and Grill (1995), the PlumpJack Development Fund L.P. (1996), the MatrixFillmo

user: What was his first job?

assistant: PlumpJack Associates L.P.

user: How long did he work there?

assistant: 2004.
Retirement Estimator 


How the Retirement Estimator Works 
The Retirement Estimator gives estimates based on your actual Social Security earnings record. Please keep in mind that these are just estimates. Estimate Your Retirement Benefits We can t provide your actual benefit amount until you apply for benefits. And that amount may differ from the estimates provided because : Your earnings may increase or decrease in the future. After you start receiving benefits , they will be adjusted for cost - of - living increases. Your estimated benefits are based on current law. The law governing benefit amounts may change because, by 2035, the combined trust fund reserves are projected to become depleted one year later than projected last year. Payroll taxes collected will be enough to pay only about 80 cents for each dollar of scheduled benefits. Your benefit amount may be affected by military service, railroad employment or pensions earned through work on which you did not pay Social Security tax. 

Who Can Use the Retirement Estimator 
You can use the Retirement Estimator if : You have enough Social Security credits at this time to qualify for benefits and You are not : Currently receiving benefits on your own Social Security record ; Waiting for a decision about your application for benefits or Medicare ; Age 62 or older and receiving benefits on another Social Security record ; or Eligible for a Pension Based on Work Not Covered By Social Security. If you are currently receiving only Medicare benefits , you can still get an estimate. For more information go to this link for our publication Retirement Information For Medicare Beneficiaries. If you cannot use the Retirement Estimator or you want a survivors or disability benefit estimate , please use one of our other benefit Calculators. 

How Long Can You Stay On Each Page? 
For security reasons , there are time limits for viewing each page. You will receive a warning after 25 minutes without doing anything , and you w

user: How can I use the retirement estimator?

assistant: Do you want to know how the retirement estimator works?

user: Not at this time I, I think I understand how to use the estimator.

assistant: Are you eligible to use the retirement estimator?

user: No not at this time.

assistant: Do you know how long to stay on each page?

user: Yes, I know how long to stay on the page.

assistant: Do you know the reason for only being allowed to stay on the page for a limited time?
Get a Veteran Health Identification Card (VHIC) 
Learn how to get a Veteran Health Identification Card VHIC. Find out what to do if your card is lost or stolen and what to do with any old ID cards you may have used for VA health care in the past. 

What's a Veteran Health Identification Card, and how will I use it? 
When you re enrolled in VA health care , you ll use your Veteran Health Identification Card VHIC to check in to your appointments at VA medical centers. This secure ID card keeps your personal information safe while giving us the information we need to easily access your VA health record. You may also use this card to get discounts offered to Veterans at many stores, businesses, and restaurants. If you have a VHIC , you don t need to request another type of photo ID card to prove you re a Veteran or to get retail or business discounts. Note: You can t use your VHIC as a credit card or insurance card. It doesn't pay copays or authorize care at non - VA health facilities. 

How do I get my VHIC? 
First , you ll need to be enrolled in VA health care. If you re not already enrolled , find out how to apply for VA health care. 

After you receive your VA health care welcome call 
Contact your nearest VA medical center and ask to speak with the enrollment coordinator. Ask the coordinator to help you arrange to get your picture taken for your new Veteran Health Identification Card. You can also ask for help with getting your picture taken at your next VA health care appointment. 

When you get your picture taken 
You ll need to show a current form of primary identification. Please bring your current, unexpired : State - issued driver s license , or U.S. passport or passport card , or Other government ID issued by a federal, state, or local government agency Note: This ID must show your picture and date of birth. If it doesn t also show your address , you ll need to bring a separate document to confirm your address. This may include your electric bill, cable bi

user: my health ID card is missing! what do I do???!


assistant: You can get your card replaced at the VA medical center where you had your picture taken for the original ID. You will need a government ID or being to answer your challenge questions to verify your identity.

assistant: Are you still using the same medical center where you got your original card?
VA benefits for service members 
If you're serving on active duty in the United States uniformed services, including active National Guard and Reserve with federal pay , you may be eligible for VA benefits both during service and after separation or retirement. If you're a traditional or technical member of the National Guard and Reserve , you may also be eligible for some VA benefits. Find out which benefits you may qualify for and when to apply. You'll also learn about these benefits in your required Transition Assistance Program TAP briefing. 

On this page 
you can use during and after service VA benefits Time - sensitive VA benefits to consider when separating or retiring to consider as a Veteran Other VA benefits 

Get free mental health care for a year after separation no matter your discharge status, service history, or eligibility for VA health care. 
If you need support for a specific mental health problem or if you re having problems sleeping , controlling your anger , or readjusting to civilian life you are not alone. And we can help. To access free VA mental health services right away : Call or walk in to any VA medical center anytime, day or night. Find your nearest VA health facility Call or walk in to any Vet Center during clinic hours. Find your nearest Vet Center Call us at 1 - 877 - 222-VETS 1 - 877 - 222 - 8387. We re here Monday through Friday , 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. ET. If you have hearing loss , call TTY : 1 - 800 - 877 - 8339. You don t need to be enrolled in VA health care to get care. Learn more about accessing VA mental health services To connect with other resources for Veterans and transitioning service members : Visit the Department of Defense DoD Military OneSource website Visit our mental health site for transitioning service members Read about our commitment to supporting transitioning Veterans 

VA benefits you can use during and after service 
GI Bill and other education benefitsFind out if you qualify for VA education benefits 

user: I would like to get information VA benefits for service members.


assistant: 
What would you like to know?

user: I am an active National Guard.

assistant: Perfect. You are eligible for VA benefits.
How to apply for a VA home loan Certificate of Eligibility 
Learn how to apply for a VA home loan Certificate of Eligibility COE. This is the first step in getting a VA direct or VA - backed home loan. It confirms for your lender that you qualify for the VA home loan benefit. Then , choose your loan type and learn about the rest of the loan application process. 

How do I prepare before starting my application? 
Gather the information you ll need to apply for your COE. Click on the description below that matches you best to find out what you ll need : If you re a Veteran , you ll need a copy of your discharge or separation papers DD214. If you re an active - duty Servicemember , you ll need : A statement of service signed by your commander, adjutant, or personnel officer showing this information : Your full name Your Social Security number Your date of birth you entered duty The date The duration of any lost time The name of the command providing the information If you re a current or former activated National Guard or Reserve member , you ll need a copy of your discharge or separation papers DD214. If you re a current member of the National Guard or Reserves, and have never been activated , you ll need : A statement of service signed by your commander, adjutant, or personnel officer showing this information : Your full name Your Social Security number Your date of birth you entered duty The date Your total number of creditable years of service The duration of any lost time The name of the command providing the information If you re a discharged member of the National Guard and were never activated , you ll need : Your Report of Separation and Record of Service NGB Form 22 for each period of National Guard service , and Your Retirement Points Statement NGB Form 23 and proof of the character of service If you re a discharged member of the Reserves and were never activated , you ll need : A copy of your latest annual retirement points , and Proof of your honorable s

user: I need information on how to obtain a VA direct home loan.

assistant: Your first step will be to apply for your COE. After you've done that, your next steps will depend on the type of loan you are applying for and your lender.

assistant: Are you looking to obtain a VA home loan?

user: Yes, I am.

assistant: For the majority of loans, your lender will probably be a mortgage company or a private bank.
Doing Business With Us 
Federal Student Aid Acquisitions plays an integral role supporting Federal Students Aid's needs and program objectives. Federal Student Aid Acquisitions is responsible for ensuring the efficient and economic acquisition of products and services for Federal Student Aid while reducing cost and maintaining compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and Executive Orders. 

Acquisition Forecast 
Federal Student Aid prepares an annual forecast, with periodic updates, of expected contract opportunities in excess of the simplified acquisition threshold for each fiscal year. Information on Federal Student Aid's forecast, as well as other U.S. Department of Education acquisitions, can be found at Forecast of ED Contract Opportunities. All forecasted procurements are subject to revision or cancellation. 

Acquisition Notices and Contract Solicitations 
Active acquisition synopses, contract solicitations, and other information including draft work statements, special notices, sources sought notices, etc ., are available at FedBizOpps, the U.S. Government's single point - of - entry for federal business opportunities. FedBizOpps also contains copies of requests for quotations for proposed contract actions expected to exceed $10,000 but not to exceed $25,000. 

Federal Student Aid IT Standards 
Federal Student Aid relies heavily on information technology IT to support complex business processes. Therefore , effective use of IT is essential to many Federal Student Aid acquisitions. The IT Standards Library identifies federal, Department and Federal Student Aid specific IT standards directly pertinent to Federal Student Aid's acquisitions. 

Contact 
If you have questions regarding Federal Student Aid's Acquisition activities , please e - mail FSA Acquisitions. 

user: I have some questions about Federal Student Aid.

assistant: I can help you with that. Federal Student Aid Acquisitions play a vital role in supporting Federal Students Aid's needs.

user: What is Federal Student Aid Acquisitions responsible for?

assistant: They are responsible for ensuring the efficient and economic acquisition of products and services for Federal Student Aid while decreasing costs. They are also responsible for maintaining compliance with laws, regulations, and Executive Orders.

user: What are Federal Student Aid IT Standards?

assistant: Due to the fact that Federal Student Aid relies heavily on IT to support complex business processes, effective use of IT is essential.

user: Are all forecasted procurements in the Acquisition Forecast final?

assistant: No. They are subject to revision or cancellation.
Título: Duane Allman
Seção: Formation of the Allman Brothers Band
Background: Howard Duane Allman (November 20, 1946 - October 29, 1971) was an American guitarist, session musician, and co-founder and leader of the Allman Brothers Band until his death following a motorcycle crash in 1971, at the age of 24. The Allman Brothers Band was formed in Jacksonville, Florida, in 1969. The band had great success in the early 1970s. Allman is best remembered for his brief but influential tenure in the band and in particular for his expressive slide guitar playing and inventive improvisational skills.

Conteúdo: The limits of full-time session playing frustrated Allman. The few months in Muscle Shoals were by no means a waste, however; besides meeting the great artists and other industry professionals with whom he was working, Allman had rented a small, secluded cabin on a lake and spent many solitary hours there refining his playing. Perhaps most significantly, Allman got together with R&B and jazz drummer Jaimoe Johanson, who came to meet Allman at the urging of Otis Redding's manager, Phil Walden, who by then was managing Allman and wanted to build a three-piece band around him. Allman and Jaimoe got Chicago-born bassist Berry Oakley to come up from Florida and jam as a trio, but Oakley was committed to his rock band with guitarist Dickey Betts, the Second Coming, and returned south.  When asked how the band came together Duane responded with an astounding answer. "Very slowly, I was in Muscle Shoals and I went down to Jacksonville and was jamming with Berry and Dicky. Jaimoe came with me from Muscle Shoals, he's originally from Macon. Greg was in California and Butch was in Jacksonville where we all got together and jammed for a couple of months putting together songs and stuff. After that we went up to New York and recorded there. We never played a gig before we cut our first album."  While living in Macon, Allman met Donna Roosman, who bore his second child, Galadrielle. The couple's relationship soon ended. He had an earlier relationship with Patti Chandlee which resulted in t

user: When did the Allman Brothers Band begin?

assistant: When asked how the band came together Duane responded with an astounding answer. "Very slowly,

user: What did he mean by that?

assistant: Greg was in California and Butch was in Jacksonville where we all got together and jammed for a couple of months putting together songs and stuff.

user: Where did they start performing?

assistant: After that we went up to New York and recorded there. We never played a gig before we cut our first album.

user: What was their first album?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did they go on tour?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Anything else interesting?

assistant: While living in Macon, Allman met Donna Roosman, who bore his second child, Galadrielle.
Título: Black Dahlia
Seção: Discovery
Background: Elizabeth Short (July 29, 1924 - January 14 or 15, 1947), known posthumously as "the Black Dahlia", was an American woman who was found murdered in the Leimert Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California. Her case became highly publicized due to the graphic nature of the crime, which entailed her corpse having been mutilated and severed at the waist. A native of Boston, Short had spent her early life in Massachusetts and Florida before relocating to California, where her father lived.

Conteúdo: On the morning of January 15, 1947, Short's naked body was found severed in two pieces on a vacant lot on the west side of South Norton Avenue, midway between Coliseum Street and West 39th Street (at 34.0164degN 118.333degW / 34.0164; -118.333) in Leimert Park, Los Angeles. At the time, the neighborhood was largely undeveloped. Local resident Betty Bersinger discovered the body at approximately 10:00 a.m. while she was walking with her three-year-old daughter. Bersinger initially thought she had found a discarded store mannequin. When she realized it was a corpse, she rushed to a nearby house and telephoned the police.  Short's severely mutilated body was completely severed at the waist and drained entirely of blood, leaving its skin a pallid white. Medical examiners determined that she had been dead for around ten hours prior to the discovery, leaving her time of death either sometime during the evening of January 14, or the early morning hours of January 15. The body obviously had been washed by the killer. Her face had been slashed from the corners of her mouth to her ears, creating an effect known as the "Glasgow smile". Short had several cuts on her thigh and breasts, where entire portions of flesh had been sliced away. The lower half of her body was positioned a foot away from the upper, and her intestines had been tucked neatly beneath her buttocks. The corpse had been "posed", with her hands over her head, her elbows bent at right angles, and her legs spread apart.  U

user: Where was she discovered?

assistant: on a vacant lot on the west side of South Norton Avenue,

user: Who discovered her?

assistant: Local resident Betty Bersinger

user: What was the date of discovery?

assistant: On the morning of January 15, 1947, Short's naked body was found

user: Do they know how long she had been there before she was found?

assistant: Medical examiners determined that she had been dead for around ten hours prior to the discovery,

user: Was anything else discovered at the scene?

assistant: Her face had been slashed from the corners of her mouth to her ears, creating an effect known as the "Glasgow smile".

user: Did they find out who did that to her?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: The lower half of her body was positioned a foot away from the upper, and her intestines had been tucked neatly beneath her buttocks.

user: Did the killer leave any clues behind?

assistant: detectives located a heel print on the ground amid the tire tracks,
Título: The Shadow
Seção: Background
Background: The Shadow is the name of a collection of serialized dramas, originally in 1930s pulp novels, and then in a wide variety of media, and it is also used to refer to the character featured in The Shadow media. One of the most famous adventure heroes of the 20th century United States, the Shadow has been featured on the radio, in a long-running pulp magazine series, in American comic books, comic strips, television, serials, video games, and at least five films. The radio drama included episodes voiced by Orson Welles. Originally simply a mysterious radio narrator who hosted a program designed to promote magazine sales for Street and Smith Publications, The Shadow was developed into a distinctive literary character, later to become a pop culture icon, by writer Walter B. Gibson in 1931.

Conteúdo: In print, The Shadow's real name is Kent Allard, and he was a famed aviator who fought for the French during World War I. He became known by the alias the Black Eagle, according to The Shadow's Shadow (1933), although later stories revised this alias as the Dark Eagle, beginning with The Shadow Unmasks (1937). After the war, Allard finds a new challenge in waging war on criminals. Allard falsifies his death in the South American jungles, then returns to the United States. Arriving in New York City, he adopts numerous identities to conceal his existence.  One of the identities Allard assumes--indeed, the best known--is that of Lamont Cranston, a "wealthy young man-about-town." In the pulps, Cranston is a separate character; Allard frequently disguises himself as Cranston and adopts his identity (The Shadow Laughs, 1931). While Cranston travels the world, Allard assumes his identity in New York. In their first meeting, Allard, as The Shadow, threatens Cranston, saying he has arranged to switch signatures on various documents and other means that will allow him to take over the Lamont Cranston identity entirely unless Cranston agrees to allow Allard to impersonate him when he is abroad. Although alarmed at first, Cranston is amused by the irony of the situation and agrees. The two men sometimes meet in order to impersonate each other (Crime over Miami, 1940). The disguise works well because Allard and Cranston resemble each other (Dictator of Crime, 1941).  His other disguises i

user: Where did the Shadow start

assistant: He became known by the alias the Black Eagle, according to The Shadow's Shadow (1933),

user: Was it in a comic book

assistant: The Shadow's tenure in the pulps,
Título: Michael Owen
Seção: 2010-11
Background: Owen was born in Chester, Cheshire, the fourth child of Jeanette and Terry Owen. His father is a former professional footballer and played for clubs such as Chester City and Everton. Owen was introduced to football at the age of seven by his father who soon saw Michael as the most promising athlete in the family. A boyhood Everton fan, Owen attended Rector Drew Primary School in Hawarden, Flintshire, north Wales and by the age of ten, some of the nation's leading scouts were monitoring his progress.

Conteúdo: Owen scored his first goal for United back from injury in a 7-1 pre-season victory against a League of Ireland XI on 4 August 2010 at the newly built Aviva Stadium. On 22 September 2010, Owen netted his first goals of the season as he netted twice during a 5-2 away win over Scunthorpe United in the third round of the League Cup. Four days later, Owen scored his first league goal of the season as he netted United's second equaliser with his first touch in a 2-2 away draw against Bolton Wanderers. Owen's first goal of 2011 came in United's 2-1 FA Cup victory over Southampton at St Mary's Stadium on 29 January. On 25 February, United manager Alex Ferguson said that Owen was a key part of his squad for the rest of the season. However, he suffered a groin injury and missed his team's next four games. His return match was on 19 March when he returned to the bench for United's game against Bolton.  By the time of United's penultimate game of the season, he had reached the number of league appearances required for a title winner's medal - his first in 15 seasons as a professional. The game, on 14 May 2011, only required United to draw with Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park to win the title, and a 1-1 draw secured it for them. Owen was an unused substitute in the game. Owen scored United's final goal in their last league game of the season, at home to Blackpool, in which the Red Devils won 4-2.  Owen was an unused substitute in Man United's uninspiring Champions League final defeat to Ba

user: when did owen score his first competitive goal?

assistant: Owen scored his first goal for United back from injury in a 7-1 pre-season victory

user: what was his jersey number?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what was the name of the league he joined?

assistant: United
Título: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
Seção: Relations with the Taliban
Background: Gulbuddin Hekmatyar was born in 1947 in Imam Sahib District of the Kunduz province, northern Afghanistan, a member of the Kharoti tribe of the Ghilji Pashtun. His father, Ghulam Qader, who migrated to Kunduz, is originally from the center of Ghazni province. Afghan businessman and Kharoti tribal leader Gholam Serwar Nasher deemed Hekmatyar to be a bright young man and sent him to the Mahtab Qala military academy in 1968, but he was expelled due to his political views two years later. From 1970 to 1972, Hekmatyar attended Kabul University's engineering department.

Conteúdo: The Pakistani military had supported Hekmatyar until then in the hope of installing a Pashtun-dominated government in Kabul, which would be friendly to their interests. By 1994, it had become clear that Hekmatyar would never achieve this, and that his extremism had antagonised most Pashtuns, so the Pakistanis began turning towards the predominantly Pashtun Taliban. After capturing Kandahar in November 1994, the Taliban made rapid progress towards Kabul, making inroads into Hezb-i Islami positions. They captured Wardak on 2 February 1995, and moved on to Maidan Shahr on 10 February and Mohammed Agha the next day. Very soon, Hekmatyar found himself caught between the advancing Taliban and the government forces, and the morale of his men collapsed. On 14 February, he was forced to abandon his headquarters at Charasiab, from where rockets were fired at Kabul, and flee in disorder to Surobi.  Nonetheless, in May 1996, Rabbani and Hekmatyar finally formed a power-sharing government in which Hekmatyar was made prime minister. Rabbani was anxious to enhance the legitimacy of his government by enlisting the support of Pashtun leaders. However, the Mahipar agreement did not bring any such benefits to him as Hekmatyar had little grassroots support, but did have many adverse effects: it caused outrage among Jamiat supporters, and among the population of Kabul, who had endured Hekmatyar's attacks for the last four years. Moreover, the agreement was clearly not what the Pakistanis wanted, 

user: What was Hekmatyar's relations with the Taliban?

assistant: The Pakistani military had supported Hekmatyar until then in the hope of installing a Pashtun-dominated government in Kabul, which would be friendly to their interests.

user: Did they install it?

assistant: By 1994, it had become clear that Hekmatyar would never achieve this, and that his extremism had antagonised most Pashtuns,

user: what did they do about it?

assistant: so the Pakistanis began turning towards the predominantly Pashtun Taliban.

user: what happened after that?

assistant: After capturing Kandahar in November 1994, the Taliban made rapid progress towards Kabul, making inroads into Hezb-i Islami positions.

user: what were they going to do with Kabul?

assistant: On 14 February, he was forced to abandon his headquarters at Charasiab, from where rockets were fired at Kabul, and flee in disorder to Surobi.
Título: Merzbow
Seção: Laptop era (1999-2009)
Background: Masami Akita (Qiu Tian  Chang Mei , Akita Masami, born December 19, 1956), better known by his stage name Merzbow (merutsubau, Merutsubau), is a Japanese noise musician. He is best known for his style of harsh, confrontational noise exemplified on his 1996 release, Pulse Demon. Since 1980, he has released over 400 recordings, and has collaborated with various artists.

Conteúdo: Since 1999, Akita has used computers in his recordings, having first acquired a Macintosh to work on art for the Merzbox. Also at this time he began referring to his home studio as "Bedroom, Tokyo". At live performances, Akita has produced noise music from either two laptop computers or combination of a laptop and analog synthesizers/guitar pedals. Reiko A. and Bara left Merzbow during this time, Reiko Azuma now has a solo career. Since 2001, Jenny Akita (nee Kawabata) started being credited for artwork on various releases.  Since 2001, Akita started utilising samples of animal sounds in various releases starting with Frog. Around 2002, Akita became a vegan, he stated how it began:  I started raising four bantams, the little ornamental chickens. With this experience as a start, I gradually started to be concerned and care about chickens and all the barn animals I used to eat without giving it a second thought before. So I started reading books and researching on the internet about Animal Rights and that triggered an awareness of "evil" that human society has done.  During this period, Akita also became a supporter of PETA which is reflected in his animal-themed releases. An example of this is Minazo Vol. 1 and Vol. 2, dedicated to an elephant seal he visited often at the zoo and Bloody Sea, a protest against Japanese whaling. He has also produced several works centered around recordings of his pet chickens (notably Animal Magnetism and Turmeric).  Also in 2002, Akita released

user: What does laptop era refer to?

assistant: Macintosh to work on art for the Merzbox. Also at this time he began referring to his home studio as "Bedroom,

user: Does he sing?

assistant: utilising samples of animal sounds in various releases starting with Frog.

user: Does he have a band?

assistant: has a solo career.

user: What type of music does he make?

assistant: a protest against Japanese whaling.

user: What animal sounds does he use?

assistant: elephant seal he visited often at the zoo and Bloody Sea, a protest against Japanese whaling.
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Título: Bill James
Seção: Dowd Report controversy
Background: James was born in Holton, Kansas; his mother, died in 1954 when he was five. His father was a janitor and a handyman. After four years at the University of Kansas residing at Stephenson Scholarship hall, James joined the Army in 1971. He was the last person in Kansas to be sent to fight in the Vietnam War, although he never saw action there.

Conteúdo: In his Baseball Book 1990, James heavily criticized the methodology of the Dowd Report, which was an investigation (commissioned by baseball commissioner Bart Giamatti) on the gambling activities of Pete Rose. James reproached commissioner Giamatti and his successor, Fay Vincent, for their acceptance of the Dowd Report as the final word on Rose's gambling. (James' attitude on the matter surprised many fans, especially after the writer had been deeply critical of Rose in the past, especially what James considered to be Rose's selfish pursuit of Ty Cobb's all-time record for base hits.)  James expanded his defense of Rose in his 2001 book The New Historical Baseball Abstract, with a detailed explanation of why he found the case against Rose flimsy. James wrote "I would characterize the evidence that Rose bet on baseball as...well, not quite non-existent. It is extremely weak." This countered the popular opinion that the case against Rose was a slam dunk, and several critics claimed that James misstated some of the evidence in his defense of Rose. Derek Zumsteg of Baseball Prospectus wrote an exhaustive review of the case James made and concluded: "James' defense of Rose is filled with oversights, errors in judgment, failures in research, and is a great disservice to the many people who have looked to him for a balanced and fair take on this complicated and important issue."  In 2004, Rose admitted publicly that he had bet on baseball and confirmed the Dowd Report was correct. J

user: When was the Dowd Report controversy?

assistant: In his Baseball Book 1990, James heavily criticized the methodology of the Dowd Report,
Título: Yagan
Seção: Death
Background: Yagan (; c. 1795 - 11 July 1833) was an Indigenous Australian warrior from the Noongar people. He played a key part in early resistance to British colonial settlement and rule in the area surrounding what is now Perth, Western Australia. Yagan was pursued by the local authorities after he killed a servant of Archibald Butler in an act of retaliation after Smedley, another servant of Butler, shot at a group of Noongar people taking potatoes and fowls, killing one of them. The government offered a bounty for Yagan's capture, dead or alive, and a young settler, William Keats, subsequently shot and killed him.

Conteúdo: On 11 July 1833, two teenage brothers named William and James Keates were herding cattle along the Swan River north of Guildford when a group of Noongar approached while en route to collect flour rations from Henry Bull's house. The Keates brothers suggested Yagan remain with them to avoid arrest. While he was staying with them during the morning, the brothers decided to kill the warrior and claim the reward. When the natives were ready to depart, the Keateses took their last opportunity. William Keates shot Yagan, and James shot Heegan, another native, in the act of throwing his spear. The brothers ran away, but other Noongar overtook William and speared him to death. James escaped by swimming the river. Shortly afterward he returned with a party of armed settlers from Bull's estate.  When the party of settlers arrived, they found Yagan dead and Heegan dying. Heegan "was groaning and his brains were partly out when the party came, and whether humanity or brutality, a man put a gun to his head and blew it to pieces." The settlers cut Yagan's head from his body, and skinned his back to obtain his tribal markings as a trophy. They buried the bodies a short distance away.  James Keates claimed the reward, but his conduct was widely criticised. The Perth Gazette referred to Yagan's killing as "a wild and treacherous act ... it is revolting to hear this lauded as a meritorious deed." However, Daisy Bates understood that "he was killed in self-defence by the young lad." Keates left

user: when did he die?

assistant: When the party of settlers arrived, they found Yagan dead and Heegan dying.

user: what year was this?

assistant: 1833,

user: how did he die?

assistant: William Keates shot Yagan, and James shot Heegan, another native, in the act of throwing his spear.

user: why was he killed?

assistant: the brothers decided to kill the warrior and claim the reward. When the natives were ready to depart, the Keateses took their last opportunity.
Título: Martha and the Vandellas
Seção: Early years (1957-1962)
Background: Martha and the Vandellas (known from 1967 to 1972 as Martha Reeves and the Vandellas) were an American all-female vocal group formed in 1957. The group achieved fame in the 1960s with Motown. Selected Members of the group were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1995. Formed in 1957 by friends Annette Beard, Rosalind Ashford and Gloria Williams, the group eventually included Martha Reeves, who moved up in ranks as lead vocalist of the group after Williams' departure in 1962.

Conteúdo: Teenagers Rosalind Ashford and Annette Beard first became acquainted after a local music manager hired them to be members of a girl group he named The Del-Phis. Ashford & Beard, along with then-lead vocalist Gloria Williams, performed at local clubs, private events, church benefits, YMCA events and school functions. They were also being coached by Maxine Powell at Detroit's Ferris Center. One of the group's first professional engagements was singing background for singer Mike Hanks.  The group originally had up to six members, shortened to four. After another member left the group, she was replaced by Alabama-born vocalist Martha Reeves, who had been a member of a rival group, the Fascinations and had also been a member of another group, the Sabre-Ettes. In 1960, the group signed their first recording contract with Checker Records, releasing the Reeves-led "I'll Let You Know". The record flopped. The group then recorded for Checkmate Records, a subsidiary of Chess Records, recording their first take of "There He Is (At My Door)". That record, featuring Williams on lead vocals, also flopped.  Briefly separated, Reeves returned to a solo career performing under the name Martha LaVaille, in hopes of getting a contract with emerging Detroit label Motown. After Motown staffer Mickey Stevenson noticed Reeves singing at a prominent Detroit club, he offered her his business card for an audition. Reeves showed up at Motown on a wrong date (Motown auditions were held at Thursdays, whil

user: Who were the original members of the band?

assistant: Teenagers Rosalind Ashford and Annette Beard first became acquainted after a local music manager hired them to be members of a girl group he named The Del-Phis.

user: Did they stay with The Del-Phis?

assistant: The group originally had up to six members, shortened to four. After another member left the group, she was replaced by Alabama-born vocalist Martha Reeves,

user: What year was The Del-Phis formed?

assistant: In 1960, the group signed their first recording contract with Checker Records,

user: What happened to the other two members of The Del-Phis

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Good Night, and Good Luck
Seção: Reception
Background: Good Night, and Good Luck is a 2005 American historical drama film directed by George Clooney and starring David Strathairn, George Clooney, Robert Downey, Jr., Patricia Clarkson and Jeff Daniels. The movie was written by Clooney and Grant Heslov (both of whom also have acting roles in the film) and portrays the conflict between veteran radio and television journalist Edward R. Murrow and U.S. Senator Joseph McCarthy of Wisconsin, especially relating to the anti-Communist Senator's actions with the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations. Although released in black and white, Good Night, and Good Luck was filmed on color film stock but on a greyscale set, and was color corrected to black and white during post-production. It focuses on the theme of media responsibility, and also addresses what occurs when the media offer a voice of dissent from government policy.

Conteúdo: The film was critically acclaimed upon release. It was named "Best Reviewed Film of 2005 in Limited Release" by Rotten Tomatoes, where it achieved a 93% positive review rating, based on reviews from 217 critics. The film received six Academy Award nominations, including Best Picture, Director (Clooney), and Actor (Strathairn).  Roger Ebert, in his Chicago Sun-Times review, contends that "the movie is not really about the abuses of McCarthy, but about the process by which Murrow and his team eventually brought about his downfall (some would say his self-destruction). It is like a morality play, from which we learn how journalists should behave. It shows Murrow as fearless, but not flawless." Margaret Pomeranz and David Stratton from the ABC show At the Movies each gave the film five stars, making Good Night, and Good Luck the only other film besides Brokeback Mountain to receive such a score from the hosts in 2005. Both described the film as "beautiful" but also praised Clooney for the film's importance. Margaret commented that "[The film] is so important, because it's about things that are really vital today, like the responsibility of the press and examining the press' role in forming opinion." David noted "Though [the film] is in black-and-white, there's nothing monochromatic about Clooney's passion for his subject or the importance of his message."  Jack Shafer, a libertarian-leaning columnist for the online magazine Slate, accused the film of continuing what he characteri

user: who helped Clooney?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what is the reception

assistant: The film was critically acclaimed upon release.

user: who created the reception?

assistant: Jack Shafer, a libertarian-leaning columnist for the online magazine Slate, accused the film of continuing what he characterizes as the hagiography of Murrow.