Título: Sergei Korolev
Seção: Early career
Background: Korolev was born in Zhytomyr, Russian Empire. His father, Pavel Yakovlevich Korolev, was born in Mogilev to a clerk of the Imperial Russian Army and a peasant mother. His mother, Maria Nikolaevna Koroleva (Moskalenko/Bulanina), was a daughter of a wealthy merchant in the city of Nezhin with Cossack heritage. On his maternal side, in addition to Cossacks, he also had Greek and Polish ancestry.

Conteúdo: After graduation, Korolev worked with some of the best Soviet designers at the 4th Experimental Section aircraft design bureau OPO-4 headed by Paul Aime Richard who emigrated to the USSR from France in the 1920s. He did not stand out in this group, but while so employed he also worked independently to design a glider capable of performing aerobatics. In 1930 he became interested in the possibilities of liquid-fueled rocket engines to propel airplanes while working as a lead engineer on the Tupolev TB-3 heavy bomber. Korolev earned his pilot's license in 1930 and explored the operational limits of the aircraft he piloted, wondering what was beyond his plane's altitude limit and how he could get there. Many believe this was the start of his interest in space.  Korolev married Xenia Vincentini on 6 August 1931. He had first proposed marriage to her in 1924, but she then declined so she might continue her higher education. In 1931, Korolev and space travel enthusiast Friedrich Zander participated in the creation of the Group for the Study of Reactive Motion (GIRD), one of the earliest state-sponsored centers for rocket development in the USSR. In May 1932 Korolev was appointed chief of the group; and military interest encouraged funding of group projects. GIRD developed three different propulsion systems, each more successful than the last. Their first launch of a liquid-fueled rocket was GIRD-X in 1933. (Although this is often cited as the GIRD-09, the hybrid GIRD-09 used solid 

user: How did Sergei get started?

assistant: After graduation, Korolev worked with some of the best Soviet designers at the 4th Experimental Section aircraft design bureau

user: Where did this lead him?

assistant: He did not stand out in this group, but while so employed he also worked independently to design a glider capable of performing aerobatics.

user: Was he successful in the design?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Did he land a job?

assistant: In 1930 he became interested in the possibilities of liquid-fueled rocket engines to propel airplanes while working as a lead engineer

user: What did he do with that interest?

assistant: Korolev earned his pilot's license in 1930 and explored the operational limits of the aircraft he piloted,

user: Did exploring limits help him design?

assistant: Many believe this was the start of his interest in space.

user: What project did he take on from there?

assistant: first launch of a liquid-fueled rocket was GIRD-X in 1933. (

user: Was it a success?

assistant: this is often cited as the GIRD-09, the hybrid GIRD-09 used solid gasoline and liquid oxygen.

user: Did he receive any awards for his talents?

assistant: Rocket Flight in Stratosphere" was published by Korolev in 1934.