dgand84/projgand huggingface dataset:
Título: Marc Chagall
Seção: Artistic inspiration
Background: Marc Zakharovich Chagall ( sh@-GAHL; born Moishe Zakharovich Shagal; 6 July [O.S. 24 June] 1887 - 28 March 1985) was a Russian-French artist of Belarusian Jewish origin. An early modernist, he was associated with several major artistic styles and created works in virtually every artistic format, including painting, book illustrations, stained glass, stage sets, ceramic, tapestries and fine art prints. Art critic Robert Hughes referred to Chagall as "the quintessential Jewish artist of the twentieth century" (though Chagall saw his work as "not the dream of one people but of all humanity"). According to art historian Michael J. Lewis, Chagall was considered to be "the last survivor of the first generation of European modernists".

Conteúdo: Goodman notes that during this period in Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world: One was to "hide or deny one's Jewish roots". The other alternative--the one that Chagall chose--was "to cherish and publicly express one's Jewish roots" by integrating them into his art. For Chagall, this was also his means of "self-assertion and an expression of principle."  Chagall biographer Franz Meyer, explains that with the connections between his art and early life "the hassidic spirit is still the basis and source of nourishment for his art." Lewis adds, "As cosmopolitan an artist as he would later become, his storehouse of visual imagery would never expand beyond the landscape of his childhood, with its snowy streets, wooden houses, and ubiquitous fiddlers... [with] scenes of childhood so indelibly in one's mind and to invest them with an emotional charge so intense that it could only be discharged obliquely through an obsessive repetition of the same cryptic symbols and ideograms... "  Years later, at the age of 57 while living in the United States, Chagall confirmed this when he published an open letter entitled, "To My City Vitebsk":  Why? Why did I leave you many years ago? ... You thought, the boy seeks something, seeks such a special subtlety, that color descending like stars from the sky and landing, bright and transparent, like snow on our roofs. Where did he get it? How would it come to a boy like him? I don't know why he couldn't find it with us, in 

user: What happened to them

assistant: Goodman notes that during this period in Russia, Jews had two basic alternatives for joining the art world:

user: What leads them their

assistant: other alternative--the one that Chagall chose--was "to cherish and publicly express one's Jewish roots

user: What did this lead them to do

assistant: For Chagall, this was also his means of "self-assertion and an expression of principle.

user: What happened to the people

assistant: "  Chagall biographer Franz Meyer, explains that with the connections between his art and early life
Título: Clay Aiken
Seção: 2008-09: On My Way Here
Background: Clay Aiken was born and raised in Raleigh, North Carolina. As a young boy, Aiken sang in the Raleigh Boychoir; and, as a teenager, he sang in school choirs, church choir, musicals and local theatre productions. After high school, he sang lead with a local band, Just By Chance, co-hosting and performing with the band at "Just by Chance and Friends" shows in Dunn, North Carolina. He was also MC and performer at the Johnston Community College Country Showcase in Smithfield and at the North Carolina Music Connection and Hometown Music Connection shows in Garner, and Benson.

Conteúdo: Aiken was born into a Baptist family. As a toddler, in 1980, he attended Leesville Baptist Church every week. According to his book, Learning to Sing: Hearing the Music in Your Life, he was involved in Bible school, choir, and the youth group. The book made The New York Times Best Seller List in 2004, debuting at number two. It was written with Allison Glock and published by Random House. Barely mentioning American Idol, Aiken instead turned his focus to the people who had the most influence in his life - his mother, grandparents, siblings, teachers, and friends - and to the importance of religion in his life. He describes himself as a proud Southern Baptist who journeyed away from those roots in his late teens in search of a religion with more liberal social policies. He then returned to that church because of family and social ties although he remains at odds with the church on some issues.  When asked in a PBS Kids interview to name his idols, he responded, "When people ask me what three people I'd like to have dinner with, living or dead, I say Jesus Christ, Mr. Rogers, and Jimmy Carter."  While not self-identified as a Christian music artist, Aiken was featured in Christian Music Planet as an "American Idol Christian" in 2004, and in a cover story, "Clay Aiken's Balancing Act", in the January/February 2005 issue. His pre-Idol demo albums included several selections of Contemporary Christian Music (or CCM) and gospel songs. A performance of the Commodores' "Jesus is Love"

user: How young was Clay when he started helping people ?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Interpol (band)
Seção: 2009-2011: Interpol, departure of Carlos Dengler
Background: Interpol is an American rock band from New York City. Formed in 1997, the band's original line-up consisted of Paul Banks (vocals, rhythm guitar), Daniel Kessler (lead guitar, vocals), Carlos Dengler (bass guitar, keyboards) and Greg Drudy (drums, percussion). Drudy left the band in 2000 and was replaced by Sam Fogarino. In 2010, shortly after recording finished for the band's fourth album, Dengler left to pursue personal projects.

Conteúdo: On March 6, 2009, the band announced on its website that it was working on songs for a fourth album. The album was recorded in Electric Lady Studios during spring 2009. In an interview, Fogarino referred to the album as having gone back to the original sound of Turn On the Bright Lights. It was later claimed by Banks that it would not sound anything like their debut album and that there is some very "classical stuff going on" with it. No news about the album surfaced until late April when the band sent an email directing users to a free download of "Lights", the first officially released song. Citing management changes at the label, the band left Capitol records prior to the album's release, signing again with Matador Records.  The band's fourth album (self-titled) was officially released on September 7, 2010. It was Dengler's last effort with Interpol. In an announcement on the band's website on May 9, 2010, it was revealed that he had left the band sometime after the album's completion. When the remaining members toured in support, he was replaced by multiple players, including David Pajo (formerly of Slint and many other bands) on bass, and Brandon Curtis of The Secret Machines on keyboards and vocals. The album was released on Matador Records in the US, and on Cooperative Music for Europe, Australia and Japan. On February 2011, Pajo announced that he was no longer touring with Interpol, in order to dedicate more time to his family. Pajo was subsequently replaced by Brad T

user: When was Carlos Dengler born?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Why did Carlos Denger depart from Interpol?

assistant: he had left the band sometime after the album's completion.

user: What was the last album that Carlos Denger performed with Interpol?

assistant: The band's fourth album (self-titled) was officially released on September 7, 2010. It was Dengler's last effort with Interpol.

user: What was Interpol's third album called?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Buck Clayton
Seção: Early years
Background: Wilbur Dorsey "Buck" Clayton (November 12, 1911 - December 8, 1991) was an American jazz trumpet player who was a leading member of Count Basie's "Old Testament" orchestra and a leader of mainstream-oriented jam session recordings in the 1950s. His principal influence was Louis Armstrong. The Penguin Guide to Jazz says that he "synthesi[zed] much of the history of jazz trumpet up to his own time, with a bright brassy tone and an apparently limitless facility for melodic improvisation". Clayton worked closely with Li Jinhui, father of Chinese popular music in Shanghai.

Conteúdo: Clayton learned to play the piano from the age of six. His father was an amateur musician associated with the family's local church, who was responsible for teaching his son the scales on a trumpet which he did not take up until his teens. From the age of seventeen, Clayton was taught the trumpet by Bob Russell, a member of George E. Lee's band. In his early twenties he was based in California, and was briefly a member of Duke Ellington's Orchestra and worked with other leaders. Clayton was also taught at this time by trumpeter Mutt Carey, who later emerged as a prominent west-coast revivalist in the 1940s. After high school, he moved to Los Angeles. He later formed a band named "14 Gentlemen from Harlem" in which he was the leader of the 14-member orchestra.  From there, there are multiple sources claiming different ways in which Clayton ended up in Shanghai. Some claimed that Clayton was picked by Teddy Weatherford for a job at the Canidrome ballroom in the French Concession in Shanghai. Others claimed he escaped the US temporarily to avoid racism.  From 1934 or 1935 (depending on the sources), he was a leader of the "Harlem Gentlemen" in Shanghai. Some of the bureaucratic social groups he was with included Chiang Kai-shek's wife Soong Mei-ling and her sister Ai-ling, who were regulars at the Canidrome. Clayton would play a number of songs that were composed by Li Jinhui, while adopting the Chinese music scale into the American scale. Li learned a great deal from the Americ

user: Where was he from?

assistant: In his early twenties he was based in California,

user: What was he doing at this time in his life?

assistant: was briefly a member of Duke Ellington's Orchestra and worked with other leaders.

user: Did he become popular?

assistant: Clayton and Teddy Weatherford as the main jazz attraction at the Canidrome.

user: Around what year did that happen?

assistant: A 1935 guidebook in Shanghai listed Clayton and Teddy Weatherford as the main jazz attraction

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: His father was an amateur musician
Título: Matt Hardy
Seção: Version 1 (2002-2004)
Background: Hardy was born in Cameron, North Carolina, the son of Gilbert and Ruby Moore Hardy. He is the older brother of Jeff Hardy. Their mother died of brain cancer in 1986. Hardy played baseball as a child and throughout high school, but had stopped by his senior year.

Conteúdo: At the beginning of 2002, it seemed Team Xtreme had patched things up. After the brand extension, however, Hardy was relegated to Heat while Jeff wrestled on the main show, Raw. On the August 12 episode of Raw, Hardy turned against Jeff during Jeff's match against Rob Van Dam, because Hardy was frustrated at not receiving a match against Van Dam for the number one contendership for the Intercontinental Championship. A short time later, Hardy joined the SmackDown! roster, and began dubbing himself "Matt Hardy: Version 1", complete with a "version 1" hand signal. Hardy defeated The Undertaker on the September 12 and October 3 episodes of the show, due to interference from Brock Lesnar.  Along with his MF'er (Mattitude Follower) Shannon Moore in his corner, 2003 began with Hardy frantically trying to lose weight to get under the 215 lb (98 kg) weight limit to compete for the Cruiserweight Championship. After just barely making weight, Hardy defeated Billy Kidman at No Way Out to win the Cruiserweight title. At WrestleMania XIX, he successfully defended it against Rey Mysterio. Hardy lost the Cruiserweight Championship to Mysterio in the main event of the June 5 edition of SmackDown - the first and only time a Cruiserweight Championship match main evented a show.  After dropping the Cruiserweight Championship, Hardy briefly feuded with Eddie Guerrero, but was unsuccessful in capturing Guerrero's United States Championship or Tag Team Championship. The Mattitude faction then expan

user: What is Version 1?

assistant: At the beginning of 2002, it seemed Team Xtreme had patched things up. After the brand extension, however, Hardy was relegated to Heat while Jeff wrestled

user: Are there any other interesting aspects about this article?

assistant: Along with his MF'er (Mattitude Follower) Shannon Moore in his corner, 2003 began with Hardy frantically trying to lose weight to get under

user: Did Hardy end up loosing weight?

assistant: After just barely making weight,
Título: Camillo Golgi
Seção: Black reaction or Golgi's staining
Background: Camillo Golgi (Italian: [ka'millo 'goldZi]; 7 July 1843 - 21 January 1926) was an Italian physician and pathologist known for his works on the central nervous system. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia (where he later spent most of his professional career) between 1860 and 1868 under the tutelage of Cesare Lombroso. Inspired by pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, he pursued research in nervous system. His discovery of a staining technique called black reaction (sometimes called Golgi's method or Golgi's staining in his honour) in 1873 was a major breakthrough in neuroscience.

Conteúdo: Central nervous system was difficult to study during Golgi's time because the cells were hard to identify. The available tissue staining techniques were useless for studying nervous tissue. While working as chief medical officer at the Hospital of the Chronically Ill, he experimented with metal impregnation of nervous tissue, using mainly silver (silver staining). In the early 1873, he discovered a method of staining nervous tissue that would stain a limited number of cells at random in their entirety. He first treated the tissue with potassium dichromate to harden it, and then with silver nitrate. Under microscope, the outline of the neuron became distinct from the surrounding tissue and cells. The silver chromate precipitate, as a reaction product, only selective stains some cellular components randomly, sparing other cell parts. The silver chromate particles create a stark black deposit on the soma (nerve cell body) as well as on the axon and all dendrites, providing an exceedingly clear and well-contrasted picture of neuron against a yellow background. This makes it easier to trace the structure of the nerve cells in the brain for the first time. Since cells are selective stained in black, he called the process la reazione nera ("the black reaction"), but today it is called Golgi's method or the Golgi stain. On 16 February 1873, he wrote to his friend Niccolo Manfredi:  I am delighted that I have found a new reaction to demonstrate, even to the blind, the structure of the

user: what is golgi straining

assistant: a method of staining nervous tissue that would stain a limited number of cells at random in their entirety.

user: is black reaction a sickness?

assistant: he called the process la reazione nera ("the black reaction"),

user: what year did this begin

assistant: In the early 1873, he discovered a method

user: was this method used alot

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: what was golgis sex?

assistant: he experimented
Título: Mike Shinoda
Seção: Life and career
Background: Michael Kenji Shinoda (, born February 11, 1977) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer and graphic designer. He co-founded Linkin Park in 1996 and is the band's rhythm guitarist, primary songwriter, keyboardist, producer, and lead vocalist. Shinoda later created a hip-hop-driven side project, Fort Minor, in 2004. He served as a producer for tracks and albums by Lupe Fiasco, Styles of Beyond and The X-Ecutioners.

Conteúdo: Shinoda was born on February 11, 1977 in Agoura Hills, California, where he was raised. His father is Japanese. He has a younger brother named Jason. He was raised as a liberal Protestant. Shinoda's mother encouraged him to take classical piano lessons when he was six. By 13, he expressed the desire to move toward playing jazz, blues, and even hip-hop. He later added the guitar and rap-style vocals to his repertoire during his middle school and high school years.  Shinoda attended Agoura High School with Linkin Park bandmates Brad Delson and Rob Bourdon. The three formed the band Xero, and began to make a more serious attempt to pursue a career in the music industry. After graduating high school, Shinoda enrolled in the Art Center College of Design of Pasadena to study graphic design and illustration. He attended classes with DJ and turntablist Joseph Hahn. While studying at the Art Center College of Design, he experienced a form of identity crisis. Years later, he told an interviewer:  I think it was probably in college that I realized that there was a difference between Japanese and Japanese-American. That's important to realize. It's not the same thing and then eventually with Linkin Park, I toured in Japan. I've been there now I think four times. I remember the first time I went, how familiar it seemed, just getting out of the plane, it smelled like my aunt's house, in the airport, it smelled like Japan. I don't know if anybody else even noticed it but I walked out of the

user: Where was Mike Shinoda born and raised?

assistant: Shinoda was born on February 11, 1977 in Agoura Hills, California, where he was raised.

user: What was his family like?

assistant: His father is Japanese. He has a younger brother named Jason.
Título: John Heisman
Seção: 1910-1914: Relying on the jump shift
Background: John William Heisman (October 23, 1869 - October 3, 1936) was a player and coach of American football, baseball, and basketball, as well as a sportswriter and actor. He served as the head football coach at Oberlin College, Buchtel College (now known as the University of Akron), Auburn University, Clemson University, Georgia Tech, the University of Pennsylvania, Washington & Jefferson College, and Rice University, compiling a career college football record of 186-70-18. In 1917, Heisman's Georgia Tech Golden Tornado were recognized as the national champion. Heisman was also the head basketball coach at Georgia Tech, tallying a mark of 9-14, and the head baseball coach at Buchtel, Clemson, and Georgia Tech, amassing a career college baseball record of 199-108-7.

Conteúdo: Heisman's 1910 team went 5-3, and relied on the jump shift for the first time. Hall of Famer Bob McWhorter played for the Georgia Bulldogs from 1910 to 1913, and for those seasons Georgia Tech loses to Georgia as well as Auburn.  In 1910, Georgia Tech was also beaten by SIAA champion Vanderbilt 22-0. Though Vanderbilt was held scoreless in the first half, Ray Morrison starred in the second half and Bradley Walker's officiating was criticized throughout. Tackle Pat Patterson was selected All-Southern. The 1911 team featured future head coach William Alexander as a reserve quarterback. Pat Patterson was team captain and selected All-Southern. The team played Alabama to a scoreless tie, after which Heisman said he had never seen a player "so thoroughly imbued with the true spirit of football as Hargrove Van de Graaff."  The 1912 team opened the season by playing the Army's 11th Cavalry regiment to a scoreless tie. The team also lost to Sewanee, and quarterback Alf McDonald was selected All-Southern. The team moved to Grant Field from Ponce de Leon Park by 1913, and lost its first game there to Georgia 14-0. The season's toughest win came against Florida, 13-3, after Florida was up 3-0 at the half. Heisman said his opponents played the best football he'd seen a Florida squad play.  The independent 1914 team was captained by halfback Wooch Fielder and went 6-2. The team beat Mercer 105-0 and the very next week had a 13-0 upset loss to Alabama. End Jim Senter and halfback J. S. Pat

user: What is the jump shift

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Gary Cooper
Seção: Silent films, 1925-28
Background: Cooper was born on May 7, 1901, in Helena, Montana to Alice (nee Brazier, 1873-1967) and Charles Henry Cooper (1865-1946). His father had emigrated from Houghton Regis, Bedfordshire and was a prominent lawyer, rancher, and (later) a Montana Supreme Court justice. His mother had emigrated from Gillingham, Kent and married Charles in Montana. In 1906, Charles purchased the 600-acre (240 ha) Seven-Bar-Nine cattle ranch about fifty miles (eighty kilometers) north of Helena near the town of Craig on the Missouri River.

Conteúdo: In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt, Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones. He worked for several Poverty Row studios, including Famous Players-Lasky and Fox Film Corporation. While his skilled horsemanship led to steady work in Westerns, Cooper found the stunt work--which sometimes injured horses and riders--"tough and cruel". Hoping to move beyond the risky stunt work and obtain acting roles, Cooper paid for a screen test and hired casting director Nan Collins to work as his agent. Knowing that other actors were using the name "Frank Cooper", Collins suggested he change his first name to "Gary" after her hometown of Gary, Indiana. Cooper immediately liked the name.  Cooper also found work in a variety of non-Western films, appearing, for example, as a masked Cossack in The Eagle (1925), as a Roman guard in Ben-Hur (1925), and as a flood survivor in The Johnstown Flood (1926). Gradually, he began to land credited roles that offered him more screen time, in films such as Tricks (1925), in which he played the film's antagonist, and the short film Lightnin' Wins (1926). As a featured player, he began to attract the attention of major film studios. On June 1, 1926, Cooper signed a contract with Samuel Goldwyn Productions for fifty dollars a week.  Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with 

user: what is a silent film that he appeared in?

assistant: In early 1925, Cooper began his film career in silent pictures such as The Thundering Herd and Wild Horse Mesa with Jack Holt,

user: was he in any other silent movies?

assistant: Riders of the Purple Sage and The Lucky Horseshoe with Tom Mix, and The Trail Rider with Buck Jones.

user: who was one of his co-stars?

assistant: Cooper's first important film role was in The Winning of Barbara Worth (1926) with Ronald Colman and Vilma Banky,

user: were there any other co-stars?

assistant: In 1928, Paramount paired Cooper with a youthful Fay Wray in The Legion of the Condemned and The First Kiss

user: when did he make his first silent film?

assistant: In early 1925,

user: how many silent films did he make?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: did he win any awards for any of the silent films?

assistant: the latter being the first film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture.

user: did he win any other awards?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: David M. Shoup
Seção: Early years
Background: David Monroe Shoup (30 December 1904 - 13 January 1983) was a decorated general of the United States Marine Corps who was awarded the Medal of Honor in World War II, became the 22nd Commandant of the Marine Corps, and, after retiring, became one of the most prominent critics of the Vietnam War. Born in Indiana to an impoverished family, Shoup joined the military for financial reasons. Rising through the ranks in the interwar era, he was twice deployed to China during the Chinese Civil War. He served in Iceland at the beginning of U.S. involvement in World War II, and as a staff officer during the Pacific War.

Conteúdo: David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904 in Battle Ground, Indiana. His family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington to live on a new farm in 1916. At age 12 he was enrolled in Covington High School, a competitive high school with an advanced curriculum. Shoup was an excellent student, maintaining high marks in French, English, physics, and history. Additionally, he was involved in several extracurricular activities, including basketball, and was class president in his senior year. He graduated in 1921. He later affectionately referred to his impoverished upbringing as that of an "Indiana plowboy." Regarded by friends as very sociable, he met Zola De Haven in his freshman year and later said he had been instantly attracted to her. They were both very competitive in academics and athletics, and the two dated throughout high school; they were married in 1931.  After high school, Shoup attended DePauw University where he was one of 100 awarded the Edward Rector Scholarship, giving him full tuition. Majoring in mathematics, he joined the Delta Upsilon fraternity and maintained high marks, narrowly failing the selection criteria for Phi Beta Kappa Society. He was on the track and field and rifle teams, and also competed in the wrestling and football teams. He won the Indiana and Kentucky Amateur Athletic Union marathon in 1925. He waited tables, washed dishes and worked in a cement factory to help pay his expenses. Lack of funds compelled him to take a year o

user: Where was he born?

assistant: in Battle Ground, Indiana.

user: When was he born?

assistant: David Monroe Shoup was born on 30 December 1904

user: Did he grow up in Battleground?

assistant: His family lived on a farm in Ash Grove, but moved to Covington

user: Why did they move to Covington?

assistant: to live on a new farm
Título: Kate Tsui
Seção: 2007-2008
Background: A Hakka, Kate Tsui was born and raised in Hong Kong. Her father works in logistics, and while her mother is now a homemaker, she was a dancer when she was younger. Tsui also has an older sister, who is married with two kids. As of 2014, Tsui has expressed that with the exception of herself, her entire immediate family now resides in Taiwan.

Conteúdo: Aside from her development in television acting, Tsui also experienced success in developing her career in the film industry. In 2007, through a series of auditions, Tsui was cast as the female lead, alongside A-list actors Tony Leung Ka-fai and Simon Yam, in Eye in the Sky, which is a film produced by Johnnie To and directed by Yau Nai-hoi. With her performance in the film,  Eye in the Sky was praised by professional Hong Kong film critic, Sek Kei, as the best Hong Kong film in the first half of 2007. The film was subsequently entered into the Berlin International Film Festival, as well as the Shanghai International Film Festival. Through her performance in the film, Tsui was widely acclaimed to be talented in acting and a rising actress worth looking out for.  With her performance in Eye in the Sky, Tsui earned the Best Newcomer - Gold Award from Hong Kong Film Directors' Guild 2007, as well as Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer from the 27th Hong Kong Film Awards, held in 2008. The latter is a particularly outstanding achievement, for Tsui is, so far, the only individual to have received a Hong Kong Film Award, while being fully contracted by TVB, since Anita Yuen, who coincidentally is also a Miss Hong Kong pageant winner, won the same award back in 1993.  Professional Taiwanese film critic, Mai Ruoyu, had openly criticized the Golden Horse Film Festival and Awards, a film festival and awards ceremony held in Taiwan, for excluding Tsui and her performance in Eye 

user: What happened to her in 2007?

assistant: In 2007, through a series of auditions, Tsui was cast as the female lead, alongside A-list actors Tony Leung Ka-fai and Simon Yam, in Eye in the Sky,

user: How did she do?

assistant: Eye in the Sky was praised by professional Hong Kong film critic, Sek Kei, as the best Hong Kong film in the first half of 2007.
Título: Public Enemy (band)
Seção: Formation and early years (1986-1987)
Background: Public Enemy is an American hip hop group consisting of Chuck D, Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Khari Wynn, DJ Lord, and the S1W group. Founding member DJ Terminator X left the group in 1999. Formed on Long Island, New York, in 1986, they are known for their politically charged music and criticism of the American media, with an active interest in the frustrations and concerns of the African American community. Their first four albums during the late 1980s and early 1990s were all certified either gold or platinum and were, according to music critic Robert Hilburn in 1998, "the most acclaimed body of work ever by a hip hop act".

Conteúdo: Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s. Developing his talents as an MC with Flav while delivering furniture for his father's business, Chuck D and Spectrum City, as the group was called, released the record "Check Out the Radio", backed by "Lies", a social commentary--both of which would influence RUSH Productions' Run-D.M.C. and Beastie Boys. Chuck D put out a tape to promote WBAU (the radio station where he was working at the time) and to fend off a local MC who wanted to battle him. He called the tape Public Enemy #1 because he felt like he was being persecuted by people in the local scene. This was the first reference to the notion of a public enemy in any of Chuck D's songs. The single was created by Chuck D with a contribution by Flavor Flav, though this was before the group Public Enemy was officially assembled. Around 1986, Bill Stephney, the former Program Director at WBAU, was approached by Ali Hafezi and offered a position with the label. Stephney accepted, and his first assignment was to help fledgling producer Rick Rubin sign Chuck D, whose song "Public Enemy Number One" Rubin had heard from Andre "Doctor Dre" Brown.  According to the book The History of Rap Music by Cookie Lommel, "Stephney thought it was time to mesh the hard-hitting style of Run DMC with politics that addressed black youth. Chuck recruited Spectrum City, which included Hank Shocklee, his brother Keith Shocklee, an

user: Who were the founding members of Public Enemy?

assistant: Carlton Ridenhour (Chuck D) and William Drayton (Flavor Flav) met at Long Island's Adelphi University in the mid-1980s.

user: Was there a specific date that the band was named Public Enemy?

assistant: " Hank Shocklee came up with the name Public Enemy based on "underdog love and their developing politics"

user: When did they first perform as Public Enemy?

assistant: With the addition of Flavor Flav and another local mobile DJ named Terminator X, the group Public Enemy was born.

user: Who was the next member to join?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER
Título: Manorialism
Seção: History
Background: Manorialism was an essential element of feudal society. It was the organizing principle of rural economy that originated in the Roman villa system of the Late Roman Empire, and was widely practiced in medieval western and parts of central Europe. It was slowly replaced by the advent of a money-based market economy and new forms of agrarian contract. Manorialism was characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a Lord of the Manor, supported economically from his own direct landholding in a manor (sometimes called a fief), and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under the jurisdiction of himself and his manorial court.

Conteúdo: The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries; each manor being subject to a lord (French seigneur), usually holding his position in return for undertakings offered to a higher lord (see Feudalism). The lord held a manorial court, governed by public law and local custom. Not all territorial seigneurs were secular; bishops and abbots also held lands that entailed similar obligations.  By extension, the word manor is sometimes used in England to mean any home area or territory in which authority is held, often in a police or criminal context.  In the generic plan of a medieval manor from Shepherd's Historical Atlas, the strips of individually worked land in the open field system are immediately apparent. In this plan, the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, but equally often the village grew up around the forecourt of the manor, formerly walled, while the manor lands stretched away outside, as still may be seen at Petworth House. As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village. For example, when a grand new house was required by the new owner of Harlaxton Manor, Lincolnshire, in the 1830s, the site of the existing manor house at the edge of its village was abandoned for a new one, isolated in its park, with the village out of view.  In an agrarian society, the conditions of land tenure underlie al

user: When did Manorialism begin?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: What gave rise to Manorialism?

assistant: The word derives from traditional inherited divisions of the countryside, reassigned as local jurisdictions known as manors or seigneuries;

user: What caused Manorialism to die out?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER

user: Were there any other contributing factors?

assistant: As concerns for privacy increased in the 18th century, manor houses were often located a farther distance from the village.

user: Were there any notable historical figures or families connected to the rise of Manorialism?

assistant: the Carolingian monarchs added a third, the aprisio, which linked manorialism with feudalism.
Título: Xenomania
Seção: Failed collaborations
Background: Xenomania is an English songwriting and production team founded by Brian Higgins and based in Kent, England. Formed after Higgins met Miranda Cooper, Xenomania has written and produced for renowned artists such as Cher, Kylie Minogue, Dannii Minogue, Sophie Ellis-Bextor, Pet Shop Boys, The Saturdays and the Sugababes. In particular, all but one of Girls Aloud's studio albums have been entirely written and produced by Xenomania. Sugababes' "Round Round" and Girls Aloud's "Sound of the Underground" have been credited with reshaping British pop music for the 2000s.

Conteúdo: Xenomania worked with American pop singer Britney Spears in 2003 during sessions for her fourth album In the Zone. The song submitted, "Graffiti My Soul", was not chosen for the album. While the record company loved the song, Spears felt that it needed more of a chorus. Higgins said that they wanted "essentially 'Sound of the Underground 2'." It later appeared on Girls Aloud's What Will the Neighbours Say?.  The production team were due to work with rock bands New Order and Franz Ferdinand, but both sessions proved fruitless. Xenomania was due to produce for New Order's Waiting for the Sirens' Call, but Peter Hook said they "scrapped the Brian Higgins stuff because we didn't like it. I thought he did quite a good job on Girls Aloud but he didn't do a good job on us." Franz Ferdinand's drummer Paul Thomson said, "We wrote with Higgins for a while and initially we thought we'd work more with him but it didn't really work out. We just realized that we're not really a pop group."  Xenomania were reported to have written five songs for Leona Lewis's second album, Echo (2009), described by Cooper as "tragic songs with a twist". The songs did not make the album. In 2012, Xenomania were reported to be working with Christina Aguilera.  Higgins spoke of bad experiences with bigger artists to Literally magazine in 2009:  "Everything about us is about enormous enthusiasm for something. And therefore big artists can come in and they think "they're the flavour of the whatever, let's take t

user: Who did they collaborate with in that period ?

assistant: Xenomania worked with American pop singer Britney Spears

user: Which Song did they work on with Britney Spears ?

assistant: The song submitted, "Graffiti My Soul", was not chosen for the album.

user: Why was the song Graffiti my soul not chosen for the album ?

assistant: While the record company loved the song, Spears felt that it needed more of a chorus.

user: Did they collaborate with any other artist during that period ?

assistant: The production team were due to work with rock bands New Order and Franz Ferdinand,

user: How did that collaboration with New Order and Franz Ferdinand turn out ?

assistant: "scrapped the Brian Higgins stuff because we didn't like it. I thought he did quite a good job on Girls Aloud but he didn't do a good job on us.

user: Who said He didn't do a good job on us, New Order or Franz Ferdinand ?

assistant: Peter Hook
What must I do if I get a NOTICE OF NON-COMPLIANCE AND LICENSE DOWNGRADE? 
If the cause is You must immediately submit a copy of your USDOT Medical Examiners Certificate to the Medical Certification Unit. If the cause is You must immediately submit an updated copy of your USDOT Medical Examiners Certificate to the Medical Certification Unit. If the cause is You must contact the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FMCSA or your Medical Examiner to have this issue resolved. You can send the required documents to DMV by mail, fax or e - mail. Mailing address : NYS DMVMedical Certification UnitPO Box 2601Albany , NY 12220 - 0601 Fax : 518 486 - 4421 / 518 486 - 3260 e - mail : [ email protected] [1 ] Drivers can monitor their own CLP / CDL medical certification status through MyDMV [2] and subscribe for text and/or email notifications [3]. 

What will happen if I don't respond to the NOTICE OF NON-COMPLIANCE AND LICENSE DOWNGRADE? 
Failure to respond to the NOTICE OF NON - COMPLIANCE AND LICENSE DOWNGRADE will result in your Commercial Driver License automatically being downgraded to a Non - CDL class and/or your Commercial Learner Permit being cancelled as of the effective date on the notice. We strongly recommend that you submit your required information to the Medical Certification Unit at least 20 days before the effective date of the downgrade. This will allow for receipt and processing time. If the downgrade / cancellation occurs , your must complete and present an application to reinstate your commercial privileges in person at a DMV office. All normal transaction fees will apply. If you are a Commercial Learner Permit holder , you will need to retake any applicable knowledge tests you passed more than 180 days from the date you apply for reinstatement. If you no longer want a Commercial Driver License/ Commercial Learner Permit , you can get a non - commercial duplicate license online [4] after the Effective Date on the downgrade notice. The commercial

user: I forgot to answer to the notice of non-compliance and license downgrade, is that a problem?

assistant: Yes, this will result in your Commercial Driver License automatically being downgraded to a Non - CDL class and/or your Commercial Learner Permit being cancelled. Please, submit teh required information to the Medical Certification Unit at least 20 days before the effective date of the downgrade. This will allow for receipt and processing time.
Título: Foxy Brown (rapper)
Seção: Early career (1994-1997): Ill Na Na, The Firm
Background: Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand (born September 6, 1978), better known by her stage name Foxy Brown, is an American rapper, model, and actress. She is best known for her solo work, as well as numerous collaborations with other artists and her brief stint as part of hip hop group The Firm. Raised in Brooklyn, New York, her father Winston Marchand abandoned the family at a young age to pursue his career at ERAC records. Her albums include Ill Na Na in 1996, followed by Chyna Doll in 1999, and Grammy-nominated Broken Silence in 2001.

Conteúdo: While still a teenager, Brown won a talent contest in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. Members of the production team Trackmasters who were working on LL Cool J's Mr. Smith album were in attendance that night and were impressed enough to invite Brown to rap over "I Shot Ya." She followed this debut with appearances on several RIAA platinum and gold singles from other artists, including remixes of songs "You're Makin' Me High" by Toni Braxton. Brown was also featured on the soundtrack to the 1996 film The Nutty Professor, on the songs "Touch Me Tease Me" by Case and "Ain't No Nigga" by Jay-Z. The immediate success led to a label bidding war at the beginning of 1996, and in March, Def Jam Records won and added the then 17-year-old rapper to their roster. In 1996, Foxy Brown, Lil' Kim, Da Brat, and Total got together for the recording of Bad Boy's remix of "No One Else". This was the only track that Lil' Kim and Foxy Brown appeared on together, the two were friends at the time.  In 1996, Brown released her debut album Ill Na Na to mixed reviews but strong sales. The album sold over 109,000 copies in the first week, and debuted at #7 on the Billboard 200 album charts. The album was heavily produced by Trackmasters, and featured guest appearances from Jay-Z, Blackstreet, Method Man, and Kid Capri. The album went on to go platinum and launched two hit singles: "Get Me Home" (featuring Blackstreet) and "I'll Be" (featuring Jay-Z).  Following the release of Ill Na N

user: How did her career start?

assistant: Brown won a talent contest in the Park Slope neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York.

user: what did she perform?

assistant: Members of the production team Trackmasters who were working on LL Cool J's Mr. Smith album were in attendance that night

user: What did they think of her?

assistant: were impressed enough to invite Brown to rap over "I Shot Ya.
Make a Student Loan Payment 
It s simple to pay toward your student loan at any time. Get started by working with your federal loan servicer. 

Where to Send Payments 
Your student loan servicer handles all billing regarding your student loan. Your servicer can work with you if you need help to make a payment. 

Make a Payment to Great Lakes and Nelnet 
We are now accepting payments for federally - owned student loans serviced by Great Lakes or Nelnet! * Visit your account dashboard to find out. Make a Payment to Great Lakes or Nelnet * If we aren t able to accept your payment due to your account status , or if you prefer to pay on your servicer s website , log in to your Great Lakes or Nelnet account. 

Make a Payment to Other Loan Servicers 
Find Your Loan Servicer s Contact Info Never miss a payment. Sign up for automatic debit through your federal loan servicer to have your payments automatically taken from your bank account. Bonus! If you have Direct Loans , get a 0.25% interest rate deduction while you participate in automatic debit! 

user: I need a bit of help making a payment to my Student Loan, I wonder if you could help me?

assistant: It's very easy to make a payment to your Student Loan, firstly, the best place to start is by contacting your loan servicer

assistant: Do you know where to send payments to?

user: I'm really not sure, I haven't done this before

user: Are there any bonuses available to making regular payments to my Direct Loan through other loan servicers?

assistant: Yes, there is a bonus, if you would like further information, I can direct you where to go
Benefits Planner: Survivors | How You Apply 
We should be notified immediately when a person dies. However , you cannot report a death or apply for survivors benefits online. If you need to report a death or apply for benefits , call 1 - 800 - 772 - 1213 TTY 1 - 800 - 325 - 0778. You can speak to a Social Security representative between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m. Monday through Friday. You can also visit your local Social Security office. An appointment is not required , but if you call ahead and schedule one, it may reduce the time you spend waiting to speak to someone. 

When You Report a Death 
If you are getting benefits on your spouse's or parent's record : You generally will not need to file an application for survivors benefits. We'll automatically change any monthly benefits you receive to survivors benefits after we receive the report of death. We may be able to pay the Special Lump - Sum Death Payment automatically. If you are getting retirement or disability benefits on your own record : You will need to apply for the survivors benefits. We will check to see whether you can get a higher benefit as a widow or widower. If you are not getting benefits , you should apply for survivors benefits promptly because, in some cases, benefits may not be retroactive. 

Documents Needed to Apply 
Please select the benefit you will be applying for from the list below to see what information and documents you may need when you apply : Widows / Widowers or Surviving Divorced Spouse's Benefits Child's Benefits Mother's or Father's Benefits You must have a child under age 16 or disabled in your care. Lump - Sum Death Payment Parent's Benefits You must have been dependent on your child at the time of his or her death. If you don't have all the documents you need , don't delay applying for Social Security. In many cases , your local Social Security office can contact your state Bureau of Vital Statistics and verify your information online at no cost to you. If we can't verify your i

user: Hello, hope you are well. How do I obtain/qualify for survivor benefits?

assistant: Have you lost someone recently, did you want to apply online?

assistant: Please let me know if you need to report a death

user: Yes I do need to report a death, how do I do so?

user: How is it verified?

assistant: It may be possible for your local Social Security office can contact your state Bureau of Vital Statistics and verify your information online at no cost to you
Título: Queen's Park F.C.
Seção: Stadium
Background: Queen's Park Football Club is a Scottish football club based in Glasgow. The club is currently the only fully amateur club in the Scottish Professional Football League; its amateur status is reflected by its Latin motto, Ludere Causa Ludendi - "to play for the sake of playing". Queen's Park is the oldest association football club in Scotland, having been founded in 1867, and is the oldest outside England and Wales. Queen's Park is also the only Scottish football club to have played in the FA Cup Final, achieving this feat in both 1884 and 1885.

Conteúdo: When the club was formed in 1867, they initially played on the Queen's Park Recreation Ground at Crosshill, from where they took their name. In 1873 they moved to their first enclosed ground, naming it Hampden Park after a nearby street, Hampden Terrace. A grandstand and pavilion were erected over the next few years and the ground became a regular venue for international matches and cup finals, but in 1883 the club were forced to vacate the site to make way for the construction of the Cathcart Circle railway. After a year playing at Clydesdale Cricket Club's Titwood ground, a second Hampden was opened in October 1884. Whilst the club continued to attract major fixtures, they faced increasing competition as other Glasgow venues such as Celtic Park and Ibrox were developing their facilities more rapidly. To maintain their position in Scottish football, Queen's Park decided to purchase some farmland at Mount Florida, where the third Hampden was opened in 1903. Second Hampden was subsequently taken over by Third Lanark, who renamed it after their previous ground, Cathkin Park.  'Hampden' is one of the homes of football and celebrated its centenary on 31 October 2003. The stadium also houses the offices of the Scottish Football Association.  Hampden Park was the largest stadium in the world until 1950, when the Maracana in Rio de Janeiro was completed. After the release of the Taylor Report in the wake of the Hillsborough disaster, among other football tragedies, Hampden Park was 

user: Where was the club based?

assistant: Glasgow

user: What did Eddie Hunter do ?

assistant: CANNOTANSWER