CO-506574 Oxfam Emergency Response Plan Nigeria flooding
Initial Response Plan Nigeria
2022 Flood Emergency Response, 08/11/2022
Funding Ambition EUR 1,180,000 Estimated population to be reached 11,494 with direct distributions and 700, 000 with messaging and Behavioural Change Communication.
Timeframe 6 Months Sectors of intervention 1. Emergency Food Security and Vulnerable Livelihoods
2. WASH
Categorisation of the crisis? CAT 3 Link to the Crisis Categorisation tool



 

Crisis Overview
1.1. Map of flood impacted location, Nigeria







1.2. Context
In Nigeria, more than 2.5 million people need humanitarian assistance – 60 per cent of which are children – and are at increased risk of waterborne diseases, drowning and malnutrition due to the most severe flooding that occurred.
Since July 2022, more than 2.8 million people in 36 states in Nigeria have been affected by floods triggered by heavy rains. According to NEMA the state of Anambra has the highest number of affected people (729,046). Other hard-hit states include Bayelsa, Kogi, Jigawa, Adamawa, Taraba, Rivers, and Cross River. The flooding has wreaked havoc among vulnerable communities, leading to the displacement of 1.3 million people, the loss of over 600 lives and the full or partial damage of 200,000 houses. It has contaminated water sources, increasing the risk of waterborne diseases in a country that is facing a severe cholera outbreak . Adamawa, Borno, Yobe and Taraba States all have reported cholera cases.
The flooding is aggravating an already severe food and nutrition crisis. More than 630,000 hectares of farmland have been partially or totally damaged, leading to a catastrophic loss of food access and livelihoods. According to the Cadre Harmonisé IPC classification, more than 19 million people across Nigeria are facing severe food insecurity . Due to the flooding, high agriculture production costs, and insecurity, cereal production in 2022 is likely to decline by 3.4 per cent comparedto last year, according to the latest brief by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
The floods are adding another layer of complexity to an already precarious humanitarian situation in the country  affecting all members of the community in terms of damageto homes, schools and health facilities. Destroying crops and livestock as well as impacting all livelihoods.
There have been increasing instances of intercommunal violence because of resource-based competition and lack of access to land. This has also been fuelled by underlyingethnic and religious tensions. Violence related to the anticipated general elections in February 2023 has been taking place across the country, with clashes reported between parties’ supporters in Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, and Oyo states.

Inflation inNigeria reached its highest in 17 years at 20.8% in September 2022, an increase from 20.5% in the previous month. Basic food prices have been increasing, limiting food access for people in the country. Fuel prices continue to drive up already high transportation and production costs. Increasing food, fuel, and fertilizer prices also create socioeconomic tensions. As the Government struggles to respond to the crisis because of heavy debt burdens and limited fiscal space, the floods will present an additional strain on an already stretched economy.
1.3. Humanitarian Needs
According to an OCHA assessment, priority needs include food items, nutritional food, non-food items, emergency shelter, water, sanitation and hygiene, medical supplies, and logisticalsupport .

The flooding has damaged around 203,400 houses, including over 82,000 completely damaged or destroyed houses. In Borno state, the floods destroyed six camps hosting over 15,000 IDPs, leaving more than 8,400 households in immediate need of shelter. IDPs are temporarily living with relatives in nearby camps and public buildings, such as schools and markets, and so impacting the livelihood and schooling of others. In Jigawa state, 13 temporary IDP camps and some public buildings have been set up to host displaced people. There is no clear number of temporary shelters across the country and so no clear information on the total of people in need of shelter.

High levels of food insecurity in the country, with up to 4.1 million people projected toface acute food shortages in the BAY states alone. Up to40% of people in the north-eastern part of the country have had inadequate food for consumption during the lean season (May–August 2022) .

More than 1.3 million children under five years of age and over 150,000 pregnant and nursing women in northeast Nigeria were projected to face acute malnourishment in 2022. Acute malnutrition typically worsens during the lean season (May–August) because of poor access to livelihoods and land, especially in the BAY States.  As northeast Nigeria experienced floods and a cholera outbreakduring the 2022 lean season, the malnutrition situation can be expected to deteriorate in the affected areas.

1.4. Response Capacity
The Federal Government has approved a national flood emergency preparedness and response plan  and the UN and NGO partners are supporting the Government through assessments and humanitarian response in Borno, Adamawa and Yobe (BAY) states and in other impacted parts of the country.

The National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) – the Nigerian interventionist agency donated over 400 trailer loads of relief materials to the 36 states and Federal Capital Territory to cushion the effect of the flooding.  The state Emergency Agencies (SEMAs) arealso providing similar support to affected communities.

However, the flooding has been blamed on government’s inability to plan and make necessary provisions to mitigate the flooding considering it was predicted. The President recently ordered the emergency response agencies to come up with a flood prevention plan within 90 days.  State of emergency has not been declared on the flooding despite calls to do so  claiming they Federal Government has not been overwhelmed yet . While the Government and other agencies structures can be leverage upon, there is still a lot to do.

Oxfam in Nigeria was one of the first organizations to respond to the crisis in the Northeast of Nigeria in 2014. Though the Humanitarian Programme ended in 2018, some of the staff have been re-absorbed into other livelihoods and recovery projects in similar conflict affected communities in Adamawa, Taraba, Bauchi and Kebbi States. Oxfam also has existing relationships with local partners: CRUDAN: who were one of the local partners working with Oxfam to provide emergency response in Gwoza, Borno State in 2015. They are still providing emergency response in WASH and FSL in Bornoand Adamawa States. Dobiyan Women and Youth Empowerment, have experience working on humanitarian and recovery, with whom we expect to work with together on this response. They are already working in some of the flood affected communities on livelihood, health promotion, peace building and water supply . Additionally, we have a good working relationship withthe Development Exchange Centre (DEC) who engage with vulnerable populations providing financial services and activities and in the northern state of Adamawa. They already have a project partnership with Oxfam.

1.5. Security and Access
Though the Federal Government has not declared a state of emergency, it has demanded that the state governments do more in responding to the crisis .  State Governments depend largely on allocations from the central govt for their revenue and as such this call by thefederal government for states to do more is seen as an indication of government’s inability to respond. State governments have made appeals to development organizations in responding to the flooding.

The flooding has cut-off inter-state roads causing major disruptions in supply chains.  Roads and bridges in affected communities have also been affected with individuals resorting to canoes as means of transportation. Many of the flood-affected states are experiencing increasing violence from non-state armed groups (NSAGs). NSAG members killed 14 people and injured over 30 in Benue state. In Zamfara state, at least 30 people drowned while fleeing an invasion of their village by militia. Clashes between farmers and pastoralists in Benue state had resultedin 23 deaths.
Oxfam has a functional security department with a Country Security Coordinator working with four other security officers in both the Northeast and Northwest and they will provide the necessary security management to the project locations. There is an existing security management plan that will be updated to include the new operating context.
2. Oxfam’s Intervention Plan
2.1. Initial timeframe
Dry season activities have commenced in the states of Adamawa and Taraba. This plan seeks to reach the people with assistance within 3 weeks from November 2022 and      then continue on for a 6-month period.

2.2. Target population and geographic focus
This planned action will be implemented across 6 local government areas of Adamawa and Taraba states, and it will directly support 1,642 HHs (in both WASH and EFSVL) representing 8% of the displaced population within 30communities of the 2 states mentioned and not the total displaced population. Targeting of the most vulnerable will take place asper the selection made by the local community and authorities, as per the criteria for vulnerability.

Oxfam has existing projects working with partners and other structures, such as relationships with govt agencies, CSO platforms, clusters and State civil society networks and so are highly visible in both of the two states. There have been several inquiries from stakeholders (including at the INGO forum) and communities on what Oxfam is doing regarding the response. Not responding in these two states will therefore pose reputational risk for Oxfam and further expose our investments in the states to climate shocks.

2.3. Assessments
An inter-agency / local authorities multi-sectoral needs assessment is underway at present and Oxfam are part of that team.The data will be available to all participants so as to get a clearer picture of the needs in the different locations that Oxfam have planned to work.

Programmatic interventions.
This response will focus on WASH, Emergency Food Security and Vulnerable Livelihoods, and Advocacy. The response will require an estimate of EUR 1,180,000 targeting 1,642HH representing 11, 494 women, men, girls and boys in Adamawa and Taraba states of the NE Nigeria in the first 6 months. In line with our Country Strategy, Oxfam in Nigeria (OiN) will continue its influencingefforts alongside the humanitarian and development interventions to further strengthen our one-programme approach.
(Assumption is that 7 individuals make up a family size).

EMERGENCY FOOD SECURITY AND VULNERABLE LIVELIHOODS
(Estimated Target population 11,494 (1,642HHs): Estimated budget: EUR 720,000)
The Emergency food Security (FSVL) response includes different activities that will be identified depending on the situation, target groups andtheirneeds. Shifting between modalities will also be considered, depending on the context and market changes.
a. Food Provision (In-kind Parcels to IDPs/host families) Euro 408,925 for 1,200HHs
Food items will bedistributed in the IDP camps and HHs hostingIDPs to reduce the burden of food shortage.  The market assessment conducted by the Oxfam team will inform the frequency and quantity of distribution food required, according to the Food Safety and Standard (FSS) - based on Ministry of HumanitarianAffairs (MoHA) lists which Oxfam will verify. Women headed households hosting IDPs will be prioritised.
b. Cash for Work for host families/IDPs Euro 75,000 for 120HHs
This activity includes the distribution of cash vouchers to HHs, especially women headed households, who are displaced or in host families. This activity is essentially a Social Protection Programme in the 6 selected project Local Government Areas of Adamawa and Taraba states. It will focus on how HHs will be able to quickly earn cash under ‘decent work’ conditions to enable them to get back on their feet. The HHs will in return for participating in disaster clean up and restoration activities get cash to meet their immediate HHs needs. This will be for a three-week duration and based on the need for the communities. Vouchers will be used to reduce the risk of handling cash. A rapid assessment will be conducted to determine how functional the local markets will be because the system requires contracted shops that will include grocery items and somehygiene materials for purchase with the voucher.
Cash Transfer (CT) based on survival Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) will be provided for 3 rounds (112.75 EUR * 3 payments) over 3 months for affected families, who have lost their homes, or that areseverely damaged, and so giving access to basic needs and services. Women headed households will be prioritized and Oxfam will coordinate with Cash Working Group (CWG) members using MoHA lists that have been verified.
c. Dry season farming support to HHs Euro 226,075 for 320HHs
When the floods start receding, this will leave behind rich agricultural soils for dry season farming along riverbanks that can beused by farmers to cultivate staple foods. Technical know-how, awareness and capacity building will be shared with the landowners /farmers, on good agricultural practices. These households will be provided with seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides to produce food products common to their communities. Water pumps will be provided and boreholes drilled for groups of  farmers to be able to accesswater for their dry season farming activities


WASH
Estimated budget EUR460,000; Target - 1,200HH (with direct distributions) 700,000 individuals targetted through messages and awareness raising.
a.Trucking and water supply
Oxfam and partners will provide safe clean water for the communities to take care of their daily needs such as drinking, cooking, cleaning, and maintaining basic hygiene,to  prevent the spread of disease. Oxfam will buy water from private vendors and other available sources to meet water requirement of 15 ltrs per person per day. This temporary measure will continue for the 2 months required to rehabilitate of existing water points.
b. Water Treatment:
To prevent further spread of waterborne diseases, the water supplied will be treated with chlorine to ensureits safety. It is very likely that the water supplied will be contaminated, as such, treatments will be done in the trucks supplying the water before they are distributed.
c. Provision of water storage jerrycans.
The affected population will be provided with yellow jerrycans to ensure they have sufficient water storage, ensuring access to water   until adequate water sources are available.
d.Provision of storage tanks
Thisis to ensure that the water trucked to camps, host communities and facilities is safely stored and treated, ensuring access to water. We will source 5000-liter storage tanks from local vendors and distribute 5 tanks to each camp, host community and facility. Each tank will have capacity supply 48HH daily (based on 7 individuals per HH) with 15ltrs of water per person.
e. Rehabilitation of water supply points: boreholes, hand pumps and wells.
This will be done mainly for host communities and at facilities such as primary health centres and schools, to ensure access to safe water. This will also be prioritized in location where water trucking is provided to enable quick phase out of the trucking.
f. Provision of menstrual hygiene and breastfeeding kitsfor women and girls
Reusable menstrual hygiene kits will be provided to women and girls to ensure maintenance of personal hygiene, in addition breastfeeding kits to breastfeeding/lactating mothers to meet the urgent hygiene needs of the affected women and reduce the risk of infection.
g. Construction of public VIP latrines:
A total of      VIP latrines will be constructed to further prevent the spread of hygiene related diseases. Latrines will be cited in host communities, schools and primary healthcare centres. The latrines will be segregated by gender.
h. Hygiene Promotion:
This activity will include public hygiene promotion sessions, community-based initiatives, IEC materials and/or mass media to improve the hygiene conditions, decrease hygiene-related hazards and mitigate further transmission of water-borne disease and Covid 19 . The activities and messages will be adapted to suit flooding and the specificrisks associated with it. Community Health volunteers will be identified and trained to continue promoting good hygiene practices in the affected communities through.

2.4. Funding ambitions
11,494 with direct distributions and 700, 000 with messaging and Behavioural Change Communication.
Activities to be conducted within 6 months, depending on funding and the start of activities. An estimateof EUR1, 180, 000 will be required to implement this plan.

2.5. Funding Potential
What is the initial perception of the funding climate? Restricted
Are there existing funding mechanisms/donor relationships that can be activated? Yes.
Are there ongoing grants that can be expanded? No
Which donors will Oxfam prioritize and target?
ECHO/DEVCO, EU, UN Agencies, DANIDA, GAC
Oxfam in Nigeria is exploring the possibility of involving  opportunity

2.6. Initial mode of implementation
As stated, Oxfam has a long presence in the proposed intervention states working with partners to deliver livelihood and recovery interventions such as livestock transfer, cash transfer, food loans etc. The partners CRUDAN and DEC are also responding to the humanitarian situation in Borno State and as such have the required experience for this response. Oxfam will have a hybrid approach to the response and will aim to have up to 50-60% of the response deliveredthrough partners.

2.7.    Advocacy
As an Influencing Country Programme, advocacy will be very central to the response. Working through existing CSO platforms, governments (Federal, State and Local) will be targeted in to increase quality and quantityof climate finance to increase capacities of communities to adapt to the impact of climate change. Citizens will also be sensitized and empowered to take personal actions that will promote environmental sustainability and demand for accountable and transparent climate governance.
2.8. Human Resources
Can country staff be redirected to the response?
We have EFSL, WASH, Logistics, Security, and Finance capacity. There are also several field staff that can also be redeployed to the response in the two states whilstrecruitment for certain positions is ongoing.
Which key positions require immediate filling?  Humanitarian Programme Manager.
How will matrix management by country team be ensured?
The Country Director will be overall accountable for the response. A governance platform is currently being set up to include technical colleagues from the Global Humanitarian Team, Governing Affiliates (ONL, OGB, OQ) and the WAF platform who will provide the needed strategic steer and support to the country team. This platform will be led by the Country Director and meet bi-weekly (please refer to timelines below) and their duties includes
• Providing strategic steer and direction for the response.
• Monitoring overall progress of implementation and provide feedback as appropriate.
• Supporting with addressing specific capacity gaps identified
• Supporting with resource mobilization for the response

2.9. Logistics
Are there stockspre-positioned? No.
Are there existing selected suppliers for procurement? Yes.
Isany major international procurement likely? No
Isthere existing warehousing or new/additional warehousing required?
We have existing warehousing facilities in the locations.


Support Needs
3.1. Funding needs
What are the funding requirements? (Essential, ideal?)
Ideal:
EFSL: EUR 720,000
WASH: EUR460,000S

Out of these funds, Oxfam will be requesting for EUR100, 000 from the CAT fund to enable rapid commencement of the response.

3.2. HR needs
Do you have staffing support needs?
(Programme, Support, Security, Advocacy, Communication)
From region, GHT, remote support?
Yes. We would like a Humanitarian Programme Manager to support with the response until a local capacity is in place.

3.3. Communication Material
Ideally, link initial media material here
Stories, images
Contact people

3.4. Other support needs
Do you have other support needs – for example support in strategic advocacy?
Support with capacity building on Humanitarian Influencing will be required.