Working Landscapes The sustainable use of forests and trees in tropical landscapes is key to achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement, as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Forests and trees in well-managed landscapes have the potential to contribute significantly to climate change mitigation (by decreasing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks) and adaptation (by improving local people’s resilience), while supporting people’s livelihoods and sustaining agricultural value chains. In current landscape-oriented climate programmes, mitigation and adaptation objectives are often addressed separately, which may result in trade-offs. The concept of climate-smart landscapes avoids this. A climate-smart landscape maximises synergies between mitigation and adaptation objectives by combining climate-smart practices at the farm level, a diversity of land uses, and deliberate management of ecological, social and economic interactions among different parts of the landscape. Achieving climate-smart landscapes requires the active involvement of both small-scale and large-scale producers, inclusive and coordinated governance arrangements, and financial investments. Landscapes can be watersheds, jurisdictions or any other area considered coherent and governable by stakeholders. By promoting climate-smart landscapes in the tropics, this programme contributes to climate change mitigation, adaptation, improved livelihoods and environmental integrity, which are crucial to achieving the Paris Agreement as well as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The programme supports national governments in meeting and revising their Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris Climate Agreement. Next to that, the programme will contribute to achieving several SDGs, specifically SDG 13.2 (integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning) and SDG 15.2 (by 2020, promote the implementation of sustainable management of all types of forests, halt deforestation, restore degraded forests and substantially increase afforestation and reforestation globally). This programme focuses on the role and contribution of forests and trees in achieving climate change mitigation and adaptation. We propose to generate knowledge, build capacities and facilitate informed dialogue, leading to impacts in terms of sustainable land use, inclusive governance and responsible finance and business, with an emphasis on local men and women foresters and farmers, communities, indigenous peoples and forest and farm producers’ organisations. The objective of the Workling Landscapes programme is to promote transformational change towards climate-smart landscapes in the forested tropics, to help achieve the climate goals as defined in the Paris Agreement, while also contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals. We aim to address climate change mitigation and adaptation goals, by contributing to the following interrelated conditions for climate-smart landscapes: (i) more sustainable land-use practices by small-scale and large-scale producers of agricultural and forestry products; (ii) inclusive landscape governance, ensuring that decisions reflect the interests of local communities; and (iii) responsible business and finance, leading to effective implementation of social and environmental standards and commitments, and equitable inclusion of smallholders in value chains. Local men and women, including Youth; Civil society; Governments; International institutions; Private sector actors; Knowledge Institutions