food voucher distribution 8-month project aims to improve the access of vulnerable and food-insecure households (HHs) to diversified food and to support their basic needs from further deterioration of living standards as a result of the protracted crisis and socio-economic conditions. Theproposed project is based on Oxfam approved 2023 HRP concept note (193523). The project, to be implemented in partnership with the Economic and Social Development Center (ESDC), will provide short term food assistance to 2240 individual members of nearly 400 HHs of Rafah governorate in the Gaza Strip. The location was prioritized based on consultation with the Ministry of Social Development (MoSD), as well as the Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA 2022) which indicated that about 62% of Rafahgovernorate's total population are people in need (PIN), which is the highest percentage among other governorates. The target group of this project will be nominated from the MoSD's Social Safety Net (SSN) and the Ministry's waiting list to include the HHs that are most vulnerable to food insecurity. The criteria for benefiting from the project, which will be shared with the MoSD, include HHs that: are registered in theMoSD's SNN or waiting list with low PMTF scores, are not or have not benefitted from similar input in the last 6 months, and are residents of Rafah governorate. In addition, priority for nomination will be given to female-headed households (FHHs), HHs with PWD and elderly, and HHs with a large number of school-aged children. To ensure that the selected beneficiaries (BNFs) are those in actualneed, all BNF HHs will be cross-checked with the FSS partners and will be verified by the ESDC team through HH visits, using the Reduced Unified Vulnerability Assessment tool (rUVAT) on 100% of the nominated list.  The selected HHs will receive 6 monthly rounds of food vouchers, with a value that covers around 60% of HH food needs. This is aligned with the Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) andthe Food Security Sector's recommended transfer value per individual (57 ILS per person per round). This allocation will be for up to a maximum of 10 individuals per HH. The food vouchers (FV) will be provided in a dignified manner through Oxfam’s RedRose e-voucher system, which has been used in Gaza since 2016.  Oxfam has already pre-selected shops for use of the voucher system. The selection of shops will be updated based on the approximate geographical distribution of the nominated list. The selected vendors will receive training to operate the e-voucher system prior to distribution the BNFs. Orientation sessions will be conducted for BNFs to introduce them to the e-voucher redemption process and the project feedback mechanism. They will sign memorandum of understandings (MoUs)that indicate the feedback channels and the entitlement for each HH. The redemption process will be monitored daily by ESDC staff in the field and remotely through the e-voucher system. Baseline data will be collected during the targeting process, while the post distribution monitoring(PDM) process will be done after the second and fourth rounds of distribution. Endline data will be collectedone week following the final round of distribution.