devinitorg/iati-policy-markers huggingface dataset:
Integrated policies to Reduce Poverty in its Many Dimensions This research project addresses the overarching research question: What factors shape pathways into and out of poverty and people's experience of these, and how can policy create sustained routes out of extreme poverty in ways that can be replicated and scaled up?

We use the Alkire-Foster or AF (2011) method, in two very new and policy-relevant ways. The AF method first observes which deprivations each person experiences. It identifies people as multidimensionally poor based on the percentage of deprivations they have, then builds a rigorous but simple measure. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Governing Food Systems to Alleviate Poverty in Secondary Cities in Africa There are significant gaps in knowledge about African urban growth and urban poverty. This project therefore consolidates existing survey and census data to understand patterns and trends of urbanization and poverty in the three case study countries and cities. Because there are data gaps, we will also use remote sensing to generate new data on the spread of urban areas. This information provides the basis for general statements to be made about urban poverty, and for poverty reduction strategies generated in the project to be assessed against a broader representation of poverty.

The project turns its focus to food as a way to understand the connections between poverty, governance and urban space. It will conduct a survey in each of three cities to assess how many households, and what kinds of households and individuals, are unable to get enough safe and nutritious food. Poor nutrition is an important indicator and driver of poverty. Most work on food poverty has focused on the household scale alone. This project argues that if food poverty, and poverty more generally, is to be addressed, it will be necessary to take a broader view and look at the food system. The food system in these cities is shifting rapidly as the supermarket sector increases and the flows of food become more global. This project assesses these changes by mapping the food retail environment, interviewing key people involved in the food system and analyses policy in order to test the impact of a changing food system on food poverty, and what appropriate governance responses might be.

The project therefore scans the globe for useful precedents in addressing urban poverty through strategic planning of, and interventions in the urban food system. Throughout the project the focus will be on working with local governments, NGOs and civil society organisations to generate local solutions that are adaptable to multiple contexts. Governing Food Systems to Alleviate Poverty in Secondary Cities in Africa examines food systems in three case study cities (Kisumu in Kenya, Kitwe in Zambia and Epworth in Zimbabwe) to illuminate broader issues of urban poverty and governance in Africa. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Do neighbourhoods matter? Country- cluster- and individual effects on attitudes towards intimate partner violence in low- and middle-income countries The study will address significant knowledge gaps in our understanding of women's and men's attitudes towards intimate partner violence against women (IPV) at the neighbourhood-level in 54 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Central-, East- and South Asia, the Pacific, Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, and North- and Sub-Saharan Africa. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Is Clash of Institutions a Cause of Rural Poverty? The present research is a cooperation between anthropologists and economists intended to ensure a rounded approach to the full range of institutions at play in determining poverty and poverty-alleviation. The work will be done in a conflict-recovery region because war often leads to the collapse of institutional arrangements, and post-war recovery reveals how prior institutional arrangements are rebuilt or new ones devised, and whether old (or new) clashes re-ignite. The idea of an institution as "rules of the game" is the key to our research strategy, since we deploy an experimental methodology based on games devised by both disciplines to test key hypotheses concerning institutional behaviour. We run these games with village populations to assess (through statistical means) whether and to what extent institutional values clash - e.g. whether patronage relations inhibit profit maximizing behaviour. We then work with participants to develop a reflexive understanding of the institutional values in play, where conflict exists, and where it could be eased, especially to the benefit of the poorest and most marginalized groups. We think the results will be important to a wide range of stakeholders, starting with village participants, but also to civil society groups, development agencies and government policy makers implementing post-war recovery and reform programmes, and to entrepreneurs seeking to provide new services such as seed supply and rural banking. The work will be done in Sierra Leone and cross-border communities in Liberia and Guinea - a heavily war-affected region. There will be case studies on land, labour, seeds and rural credit. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Climate change and the environmental determinants of violence and mental distress in fragile contexts: Ethiopia, Myanmar and Nepal Conflicts and environmental disasters alike cause huge disruption to daily life particularly in contexts that are already fragile. However, understanding how different people experience the related disruption is not well known. We can assume that the intense insecurity caused by drought and flooding will trigger significant mental distress and trauma however understanding the specific behavioural-emotional responses as a consequence are not well documented. The lack of understanding means that the humanitarian and development sectors tend not to incorporate emotional wellbeing into their programming. We will explore and argue that in not doing so key stakeholders miss the opportunity to tailor their activities in a way that could in fact bolster the emotional resilience of men and women and thereby make them more able to cope with and move through periods of intense insecurity.

The project will therefore build on previous projects. First; 'Water-security in Ethiopia and the Emotional response of Pastoralists (WEEP)'. Second,  'Narratives of violence: the impact of internal displacement on violence against women in Nepal and Myanmar'. The new combined project will drive forward the impact already achieved by offering more data evidencing how disasters triggered by drought or flood impact emotionally on men and women. A reanalysis of all data sets through a gendered and wellbeing lens will mean a much more nuanced picture will emerge of how different groups experience insecurities and the level of mental resilience they have during and in the aftermath. In turn this will feed into a new framework to direct key stakeholders more holistically to include emotional responses as part of their work. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Armed Group Governance and the Sustainability of Environmental Resources: The Case of the Philippines This project will investigate the ways in which armed conflict and the presence of armed actors affects the capacity of fishing communities to manage and govern fishing activities, how this affects the conservation of maritime resources, and how this in turn affects the livelihoods of fishing communities, existing structural inequalities and their resilience to poverty, as these communities are particularly vulnerable to changes in production and access to environmental resources and climatic change.

The project will focus on understanding the relationship between armed factions and fishing communities in the Southern shores of the island of Mindanao, the island of Basilan and the islands of the Sulu Archipelago in the Philippines. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Energy On the Move: longitudinal perspectives on energy transitions among marginal populations (a comparative study) This research examines the energy practices of very poor women, men and young people living in informal settlements in peri-urban situations in Nigeria, South Sudan, Nepal and Bangladesh and how these are changing, drawing comparative lessons across the study countries. It challenges conventional approaches to energy transition research. Lack of access to clean energy limits economic development, stifles people's life chances and traps millions into extreme poverty. Sustainable Development Goal 7 makes bringing access to affordable, clean and reliable energy for the poor a necessary element in transforming the development prospects for the 1.4 million people currently without modern energy services. However, while considerable development activity is being devoted to bringing new technological products from renewable energy research centre laboratory benches into the affordable reach of the energy-poor, current approaches to energy transition are deficient, not least because they fail to take into account the specific contexts and needs of the poorest and most marginal groups in low income countries: the women, men and youth on whom we focus in this project. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
The Accountability Politics of Reducing Health Inequities: Learning from Brazil and Mozambique. This project is designed to address the ESRC-DFID call's key cross-cutting issue of structural inequalities, and its core research question "what political and institutional conditions are associated with effective poverty reduction and development, and what can domestic and external actors do to promote these conditions?", by comparing the dimensions of accountability politics across Brazil and Mozambique and between different areas within each country. As Mozambique and Brazil seek to implement similar policies to improve service delivery, in each country the research team will examine one urban location with competitive politics and a high level of economic inequality and one rural location where the population as a whole has been politically marginalised and under-provided with services, looking at changes in power relationships among managers, providers and citizens and at changes in health system performance, in order to arrive at a better understanding of what works for different poor and marginalised groups in different contexts. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Sustainability Transformations in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining: A Multi-Actor and Trans-Regional Perspective (ST-ASGM) The objective of the ST-ASGM project is to consider whether a transformative approach towards sustainability can arise in Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM). Supporting the livelihoods of millions of people in low and lower middle income countries, ASGM has potential to contribute to sustainable development across the 17 SDGs. However, negative impacts generate critical barriers to sustainability. Anthropology is an entry point for an interdisciplinary approach to better conceptualize the dynamic, heterogeneous reality of ASGM and to identify potential for sustainable transformations in these shifting social settings. Capitalizing on existing ASGM partnerships, this research forms the basis for a trans-continental and trans-national project organized within 7 Work Packages for integrated comparative sustainability tracking between South America, West Africa and East Africa. To add value to global research efforts, 'Sustainability Conversations' will enhance impact, co-producing knowledge with mining actors to understand sustainability from miners' own perspectives. A strategic evidence-based summary 'Visions and Vistas for Sustainable Futures in ASGM' will contribute to policy influence. Giving creative expression to people's understandings of sustainable mining futures and building impact, is an exciting collaboration between African photographers from NUKU studios, Ghana, and the Museum of Ethnography of Material Culture, the Netherlands. This incorporates the co-production of visual images with African and Brazilian gold miners, as the basis of a travelling exhibition 'Moving Mine Matters' between West and East Africa, Brazil and Europe. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Growth Research - Evidence and Policy Group (EPG) 2014-2020 The Evidence Policy Group (EPG) will provide over-arching strategic direction for the design of a coherent programme of activities designed to achieve three four key deliverables: 
•	Ensure findings from the Programme’s research is effectively cohered, communicated and disseminated in ways which support their use by policy makers and practitioners, particularly in developing countries;
•	Establish and/or enhance a strong international profile for the research generated through the programmes; 
•	Link research conducted through the Programme with outputs delivered by other relevant research initiatives funded by DFID and/or the ESRC and more generally with the relevant evidence base, to ensure policy makers can access DEGRP-generated evidence set in the context of other relevant evidence;  
•	Build a reputation for the programme as a centre of social science research excellence in international development. 
Areas of responsibility
To achieve these deliverables, the EPG will be responsible for designing and either undertaking or directing /commissioning activity across a number of inter-related areas set out below.
For each area we have identified key outcomes and indicative outputs/ activities that will form the basis for setting specific targets for the EPG’s performance assessment following appointment. 
These are not listed in priority order and do not constitute a definitive statement of the scope of the EPG’s work: the EPG is expected to take a proactive approach to developing its own role in ways which support the successful achievement of its key deliverables.Overseas Development Institute (ODI) was commissioned to lead on the Evidence Policy Group (EPG) to drive towards ambitious to maximise impact of the research jointly funded by ESRC and DfID on policy and practice. Case studies and synthesis reports will conducted for the GROWTH programme Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Insecurity and Uncertainty: Marginalised young people's living rights in fragile and conflict affected situations in Nepal and Ethiopia The research will generate new knowledge about youth understandings of uncertainty, violence, poverty and rights. It will provide insights into how to support and sustain pathways out of poverty for street connected and marginalised youth. The research is timely as it will inform the implementation of the UN's sustainable development goals, in which inequality is a key theme.

The overall aim of the research is to generate new knowledge about how marginalised youth perceive, navigate, negotiate and respond to uncertainty and how this may affect their rights and pathways out of poverty in impoverished fragile and conflict affected communities, which may also be prone to natural disasters.

The relationship between poverty and uncertainty will be examined in Ethiopia and Nepal in partnership with CHADET and ActionAid Nepal, organisations that have demonstrated their local expertise in working with the most marginalised children and youth on poverty, rights and participation.

The objectives of the research are informed by Bauman's theories about communities and autonomy that that have not previously been applied to conceptualise how marginalised youth experience uncertainty, poverty and their rights in fragile and conflict affected developing country contexts. The objectives will enable the project to produce new knowledge about the way vulnerable and marginalised street connected youth experience poverty as they grow up, and how this is affected by conflict, violence, instability, peer groups and migration. The new insights will have direct impact on the practices of policy organisations that address poverty through initiatives for youth education and rights. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Solid Foundations, Mother-Tongue Literacy, and the Transition to Adolescence A large amount of money goes into funding education, especially literacy, with the belief that there will be long-term, positive effects. However, literacy rates - especially in Sub-Saharan Africa - remain incredibly low. Very few of the hundreds of rigorously evaluated interventions show more than moderate gains in student learning; almost none provide longitudinal evidence on longer-term outcomes. In short, there is little evidence from longitudinal studies in Africa about the effects of early learning on later school or life outcomes, and whether a strong early foundation better supports transitions, paving the way for continuing education, life-long learning and post-primary success. In response to this gap, our project will provide some of the first rigorous evidence regarding how investments in the early years of schooling from a highly successful literacy program can translate into long-term academic success and life outcomes.
The project builds upon a randomized evaluation of an early grade literacy program in Northern Uganda. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
The Making of an Integrated Landscape of Conservation: Sustainable Development, Environmental Justice and the Politics of Territory in the Amazon Research will centre on the Purus-Manu conservation corridor in Peruvian Amazonia which is representative of the complex social, cultural and political realities of contemporary forest usage and conservation. The area encompasses a diversity of peoples and communities involved in a range of agricultural and extractive activities associated with differing regimes of ownership and rights. This includes not only officially recognised PAs and indigenous land claims but also extractive concessions and nascent carbon market financing. The tensions between different understandings and uses of the environment have, at times, led to physical violence and intimidation at the local level. These tensions are also evident up to the highest levels of the Peruvian government where ministries for land, development and infrastructure tend to be more powerful than the ministries that oversee conservation and rights. In this context while there are actors within Peru's government seeking a more equitable and effective system of forest conservation and the support of indigenous rights they are stymied by a lack of data, knowledge and capacities to carry out participatory planning and active multi-sector and multi-level coordination.

The project will address these issues, first through an innovative ethnographic 'landscape approach' that will engage across different locations simultaneously to study and compare environmental, social and political dynamics at different levels of society and governance. In doing so, we will interrogate indigenous territorial and environmental conceptions and priorities, and how they relate, intersect and diverge from those of NGOs and government actors, as well as the hierarchies of power that privilege certain types of knowledge and information. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Poverty Alleviation and Women Refugees in the Middle East: Empowerment through Grassroots Micro-Entrepreneurship? Contemporary political volatility within the Middle East region has led to far reaching socio-economic upheaval and strife with a devastating impact generating mass displacement of Iraqi, Palestinian, and Syrian refugees to Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey (UNCHR, 2014). In their host nations, these displaced communities seek to reconstruct their lives in a context of loss, poverty, violence and devastation (Kuttab, 2008; Chatty, 2010). Here, as in other contexts of displacement and refugee movements, women and children are subject to the worst effects of such upheaval given their limited power and resources to counteract the ensuing violence and poverty (Al-Dajani and Marlow, 2013; Holmes, 2007; UN, 2006).

As one strategy to address the matrix of disadvantages and especially poverty arising from displacement, the potential of home based self-employment for women has become a focal point of contemporary policy interest. Such micro enterprising is positioned as a development tool across many contexts as it presents pathways for socio-economic empowerment for women which require few resources but also, do not challenge prevailing cultural patriarchal norms. Our previous research (Al-Dajani et al, 2015) however, suggests that such agencies are perceived to impose numerous stifling constraints upon the displaced refugee women. This tension and the preferences of the displaced women regarding business start-up and trading partners has prompted many women to reject engagement with formal support agencies. Rather, they are finding other pathways and networks to support their enterprising activities. Thus, within this project we will explore the effectiveness and impact of the available pathways for support and advice for displaced and refugee women and analyse the extent to which entrepreneurship is a sustainable conduit for poverty alleviation and empowerment in socio-politically volatile circumstances. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.
Missing Migrants and Deaths at the EU's Mediterranean Border: Humanitarian Needs and State Obligations This project seeks to generate data that can enable the authorities to prioritise a systematic approach to the collection of information from both migrant bodies found in the EU and from the families of missing migrants seeking information about missing loved ones. The project will permit such policies to be driven by an understanding of what the families of dead and missing migrants seek from such an approach. Research and development activity contributing to the UK’s strategy to address key development challenges.