The introduction of a recirculating aquaculture system for fish farming Note: This project has been cancelled, because the joint venture has not been able to keep the fingerlings alive.Southern Punjab is a fertile and densely populated area. In between the cultivated fields is waterlogged and saline waste land. Some farmers use these lands for fishponds. The local partner, The Right Way, is a landowner who made fishponds to grow fish. Because yields were very low, he requested and was awarded the advice of a PUM expert. After some very successful improvements, the PUM expert, owner and former CEO of Hesy Aquaculture, and the local partner made a business plan to grow an indigenous carnivorous fish that has a high value on the local market. Besides selling fish, they would also sell fingerlings to other landowners trained by the joint venture to enter this business. For Hesy, the aquaculture sector in Pakistan is a promising market for equipment and advice. For The Right Way, the sales of fingerlings grown in a sophisticated hatchery is a potential cash cow. Together, they will set up a pilot hatchery, aerated growing and processing facility for the Channa Marulioides (snakehead). This project very much aligns with the ambition to modernise food supply to the growing population in Pakistan by introducing techniques with a higher productivity and better sustainability. It is also risky, both for security reasons as from operational perspective. Therefore, PSI decided to finance part of the initial investments costs.Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)The local partner will treat his personnel well according to Pakistani standards. As no permits are required for this operation, bribery and corruption are not likely to take place.Impact•	Employment and working conditionsThe lower wages will be above the "living wage" standard, and personnel will receive fringe benefits like medical costs, school fees for children, contribution to funerals, wedding pilgrimage etc.•	Innovation / Transfer of knowledgeRAS is a new technology in Pakistan. Most aquaculture in Pakistan is extensive with low input.•	Chain effectsImpact on local suppliersThe major local suppliers are farmers selling the raw material for the fish feed. This will be mixed with components imports from the Netherlands.Impact on local customers or consumersLocal consumers can buy high quality fresh fish. Local farmers can buy fingerlings and aquaculture equipment for their own fishponds.•	EnvironmentChanna is an indigenous fish and will therefore not create ecological havoc when escaped. The manure will mostly remain in the ponds or used to fertilize fields. The most eminent risk is the catch of small wild fish to be used as a cheap protein source for Channa. However, there is no wild fish available on a large scale in the vicinity of the fishponds and this risk is therefore low.•	Position of womenThe local partner has a good reputation in the area and men allow their womenfolk to work for him, knowing that they will work separate from the men.•	Impact on food safetyThe project has a positive effect on food security, providing a healthy source of protein to the diet of local consumers. To set up a hatchery, growing and processing facility that produces 260 tons of fresh Channa and 3 tons of fingerlings.