Lebanon Sustainable Low-emission Transport Systems Promote sustainable transport in Lebanon through electric mobility and improved quality of service Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. The number of direct project beneficiaries is estimated at 704,000 women and 713,000 men. This includes the estimated passengers in the northern corridor (25% of the total demand) that will make use of the higher-quality bus services introduced by the project through voluntary agreements and by the use of the pilot electric buses. It also includes the residents in Jbeil (25% of the population) and tourists (40% of visitors) that will benefit from walking and cycling infrastructure improvements to access the main bus stops. It also includes 10% of the total Lebanese population that will benefit from the implementation of the national e-mobility strategy (details are provided in Annex M). Indirect project beneficiaries are estimated at 1,105,000 women and 1,118,000 men, based on the Lebanese urban population that could benefit from the replication and up-scaling of the project’s activities (details are provided in Annex M).  In terms of benefits for the local population, through the improvement of public transport, walking and cycling, and the introduction and scale-up of electric vehicles over the medium- to long-term, the project will contribute to reducing air pollution from transport-related emissions, improving air quality around the northern corridor and, through scaling up, in other urban areas in the country. This has the co-benefit of improving the health of the citizens and reducing associated health care costs and possibility mortality rates, which has become even more relevant with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the EVs initially introduced by the project will be unable to impact significantly on noise abatement, the scaling up of project results has a strong potential to reduce noise pollution. Facilitating the introduction of EVs into the public transport system may improve the quality of the service in terms of comfort by reducing noise and vibrations. It may consequently promote a modal shift from the use of private transport to the public transport system.   A number of climate change adaptation benefits can also be attained from the project. The implementation of management measures through GPTS and GFM is likely to enhance the resilience of the fleets through the identification of vulnerabilities and the development of contingency plans. The provision of enhanced door-to-door mobility and public transport services are likely to provide mobility conditions less exposed to weather conditions (bus stop shelters, well-ventilated and climatized buses) and information available to users in order to better plan their trips. These enhanced conditions are likely to make the Lebanese society more resilient in the face of changes in climate in the region, particularly in what refers to heat waves.  In terms of economic benefits, the deployment of EVs in the country will reduce the needs to import oil, and will further stimulate the electricity market, and the appetite of investors in renewables, in accordance with the country’s policy, as investment uncertainties are reduced.