Increasing Access to Renewable Energy in Tuvalu Project objective: To promote the increased utilization of renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in Tuvalu. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. Environmental BenefitsAs discussed above, the project will lead to the generation of over 2,000 MWh of electricity. Noting that, in the baseline, 3.75 litres of diesel is required to generate 1KWh, this means the project will displace the use of 7.5 million litres of diesel on Funafuti. This will lead to considerable reductions in air pollution on Funafuti, as well as considerable reductions in land pollution from spillages (diesel generation is a main source of pollution). There are also associated reductions in pollution from the shipping required to transport the diesel to Funafuti.Social and Economic BenefitsThe project will have several positive social impacts. A sustainable, accessible energy supply is vital as a basis for socio-economic development. Access to energy allows communities to develop sustainable and resilient livelihoods. For example, sustainable energy supply provides a basis for: (i) reliable water supplies; (ii) reliable education facilities; (iii) reliable health care facilities; (iv) agricultural production and processing; (v) land and marine transport; and (vi) economic activities and innovative technologies. Notably Output 2, through the development of PUE, may lead the way in using energy to for sustainable economic activities. Further examples of the specific social benefits of FPV include:· Avoidance of more than 1.2 to 1.8 Ha of land acquisition that could be beneficial for other uses given the low available land are in Funafuti and other regions;· Water preservation by the FPV to increase household consumption;· Knowledge sharing with local entities Climate change adaptationThe project significantly reduces the climate risks faced on Funafuti. This is through the following pathways: Land shortage Until now, all energy infrastructure in Tuvalu has been land-based. The ongoing transition away from fossil-fuel based energy inevitably means developing large amounts of solar PV infrastructure. Traditional, land-based solar PV requires large amounts of horizontal space. Until now, this has been installed primarily on roof tops, however, such options have been almost fully utilized. Climate change induced flooding will greatly exacerbate this shortage of land. The Project, through the introduction of floating solar PV that requires far less land (some land is still required for grid connections, batteries and other small installations), will reduce these CC-induced land availability stresses. Energy system resilience Energy is an essential sector, and any damage to energy supply inevitably impacts all other sectors, and so increasing the resilience of the energy system to climate is a key climate adaptation measure. Tuvalu, like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), depends on imported oil products to meet the vast majority of its energy needs. This dependence makes energy supply on Funafuti extremely vulnerable to oil price volatility. To overcome these challenges, the Government has prioritized energy security through investments in renewable energies and energy storage. Through introducing floating solar, this project will increase climate system resilience as follows:· installing energy infrastructure that is resilient to mean and storm induced sea level rise, as it floats;· installing PV technology that is less sensitive to rising temperatures on land;· diversifying away from classic technologies and enabling a decentralization of energy infrastructure;                                                    · increasing overall electricity production capacity and so allowing alternative management systems.