Strengthening management and governance for the conservation and sustainable use of globally significant biodiversity in coastal marine ecosystems in Chile Develop and implement a governance system that integrates, coordinates and articulates public, private and civil society institutions for the conservation and sustainable use of coastal marine ecosystems. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. 308. The direct beneficiaries of the whole Project are 3,352 people, of whom 1,209 are women, living in the pilot communes of La Higuera and Freirina in the northern zone and Puerto Cisnes in the southern zone.  309. The project support will develop the capacities of the beneficiaries to: 1) participate actively in establishing and operating governance and decision-making mechanisms, and be empowered in the sustainable management of the coastal marine ecosystems where they are settled and which depend on for their livelihoods; 2) use approaches that contribute to ensuring the sustainability of coastal marine ecosystems (EA, EAF, MSP); 3) participate in the development and implementation of management plans for coastal marine ecosystems and their resources based on proposed and learned approaches; 4) contribute to the improvement of MPA management; 5) apply good biodiversity-friendly practices for the sustainable use of resources and ecosystems; and 6) develop business initiatives that help diversify production.   310. Capacities built on sustainable use and development of business initiatives will contribute to productive diversification and improvement of income and livelihoods. Hence, it is expected that 382 men and 13 women engaged in fishing activities in pilot communities and coves will increase their income from the sustainable use of coastal marine biodiversity by 10% (with a 10% reduction in the income gap between women and men), as well as the financing of at least nine business initiatives that add value to products or services from the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity.  311. Project interventions and enhanced beneficiary capacities result in local and regional benefits in terms of better livelihoods, cultural reassertion and environmental sustainability that contribute to supporting long-term global environmental benefits (previously described in section 1.a Project Description - 6) Global Environmental Benefits). In particular, the benefits are:    Conserving and maintaining ecosystem services provided by coastal marine ecosystems (artisanal and industrial fisheries);   Maintaining cultural, aesthetic and spiritual benefits, scenic beauty, preserving places of cultural significance, territorial identity, and valuing coastal marine natural heritage;   Benefits to the local economy through business initiatives that value products or services from the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity and that contribute to creating new sources of diversification, income, better livelihoods and social benefits stemming from partnership and empowerment of local communities and stakeholders.   Social benefits in terms of alliances and empowerment of local communities and stakeholders (including women and indigenous peoples);   Improving food security and quality of life and wellbeing of the population through long-term sustainability of fisheries and aquaculture resources used to feed coastal populations, marine species providing healthier and less polluted food, and possibilities of frequent consumption with adequate management.  Promotion of Decent Rural Employment[1] through project actions that are embedded in the four pillars of decent employment, namely:  Table 16 Project contribution to the pillars of Decent Rural Employment       Pillar   Themes under the Pillars related to project intervention   Specific project actions        Pillar 1  Job creation and enterprise development   · Support to small producers, women and men, to access markets and value chains · Job creation in rural areas, particularly for youth and women · Vocational and educational programmes to develop technical and entrepreneurial skills in rural people   · Training (Output 2.1.2) · Business initiatives for productive diversification and enhanced local products marketing (Output 2.1.4)       Pillar 2  Social Protection   · Improving working conditions in rural areas, including effective maternity protection and income    · Training (Output 2.1.3) · Good practices for the sustainable use of resources (Output 2.1.1) · Improve beneficiary’s income and reduce the income gap between men and women (Outputs 2.1.1 and 2.14)       Pillar 3 Work standards and rights   · Socially responsible production, specifically to reduce gender and age discrimination   · MPA and biodiversity resource management plans (Outputs 1.1.2 and 1.2.1) · Good practices for the sustainable use of resources (Output 2.1.1) · Business initiatives for productive diversification and enhanced local products marketing (Output 2.1.4)       Pillar 4 Governance and social dialogue   · Participation of the rural poor in decision-making and governance mechanisms · Rural women and youth empowered to participate in these processes from the outset   · Participatory governance and decision-making mechanisms, including women and youth (Output 1.1.1)  · Ecosystem and resource management plans developed and implemented in a participatory manner (Outputs 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.2.1)              [1] According to FAO’s definition, decent rural employment refers to any activity, occupation, work, business or service performed by women and men, adults and youth, in exchange for remueration or benefits, in rural areas, which: 1) respects core labour standards as defined in ILO Conventions; 2) provides an adequate living income; 3) entails an adequate degree of employment security and stability; 4) Adopts sector-speci­c minimum occupational safety and health measures; 5) avoids excessive working hours and allows sufficient time for rest; 6) promotes access to adapted technical and vocational training.