Emergency Livelihood Scale Up Response for the most vulnerable food-insecure populations of Pibor, Akobo, Aweil South, Tonj North, Tonj South, Tonj East Counties of South Sudan The Republic of South Sudan – the world’s youngest nation – has been plagued by multiple hazards including conflict, catastrophic flooding for the second year in the row, inter-communal violence, displacement, economic crisis, pest and diseases, invasion of desert locust, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The latest IPC Real Time Quality Review suggest that five priority areas face Catastrophic levels of food insecurity (Akobo, Aweil South, Tonj East, South, North), while according to the IPC Famine Review Committee (FRC), some payams of Pibor  are ‘Famine likely’. In the projection periods that run from December 2020 to July 2021, the same counties maintain their IPC Phase 5 (Famine Likely) classification, while Kizongora and Maruwa Payams are classified as IPC Phase 5 (Risk of Famine). In response, FAO has launched its 2021 ELRP Scale up Plan to save lives, enhance household livelihood, own food production and reduce their annual food gap, decrease the degree and frequency with which households depend on external food assistance, and strengthen their capacity to absorb shocks. Given the gravity of the food security situation in the months to come, FAO will work with all FSL partners on the ground to expand the scope and increase the impact of its lean season, main season and livestock vaccination and treatment campaigns in the most vulnerable areas of the country (including the aforementioned counties of highest food security concern). Through the third allocation of SSCHF funding, FAO and partners will more specifically aim to protect the livelihoods of the vulnerable households and increase their food production and safeguard livestock assets of the most vulnerable agropastoral and pastoral households. As the FSL pipeline manager for livelihood assistance, this will be achieved by dispatching a total of 50,000 emergency livelihood kits (30,000 sets of fishing kits, 6,600 Kg of vegetable seeds and 520 MT of crop seeds) for 50,000 HH (300,000 beneficiaries)  to frontline FSL partners on the ground, in addition to 128,000 vials of vaccines (8 Categories of different types of vaccines to vaccinate 2.5 million livestock) in support of livestock vaccination and treatment campaigns in the most at-risk areas. Through these means, FAO and partners aim to support sustained and adequate humanitarian assistance in South Sudan from the lean to main agricultural seasons of 2021. The beneficiaries will be the most vulnerable people in Kiziongora, Maruwo, Pibor, Lekuongole, Verteth, Boma, Gumuruk  in Pibor (60,000 individuals) Bilkey, Dengiok, Nyandit, Buong, Barmach, Diror, Walgak  in Akobo (60,000 individuals) Nyocawany, Ayai, Gakorl/Gakrol, Nyieth, Panthou, Tar-weng, Tiar-aleit, Wathmuok  in Aweil South (36,000 individuals) Makuac, Paliang, Paweng  in Tonj East (60,000 individuals), Warrap (Awul) , Rualbet, Kirrik  in Tonj North (48,000 individuals) and Thiet, Manyang-Ngok, Jak  in Tonj South county (36,000 individuals) of South Sudan, those falling in category 3, 4 and 5 of the Integrated Phase Classification (IPC). Beneficiaries include Internally Displaced Population (IDP), host communities, refugees, and community vulnerable groups’ representatives (female headed household, households with malnourished children, single mothers widows, elders, handicapped or chronically ill,, refugee, youth at risk, survivors of GBV.