Building the resilience of forest biodiversity to the threats of climate change in Tanzaniaâ€™s Nature Forest Reserves The improved governance, operations and financial management of NFRs enhances the resilience of their forest biodiversity to the threats of climate change. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. The project beneficiaries fall into the following broad categories: (i) professional and technical TFS staff responsible for the planning, operational management and financial planning of the project-supported NFRs (Outputs 1.1.1- 1.1.3, 2.1.1 – 2.1.2, 2.2.1 and 3.1.1); (ii) professional and technical VPO and TFS staff responsible for the planning and management of national REDD+ readiness activities, and the development of a forest carbon market for FRs (Output 3.1.1); (iii) village-based game forest guards in reserve-adjacent villages (Outputs 1.1.2, 1.1.3 and 1.2.1); (iv) village councils and VNRCs in reserve-adjacent villages (Outputs 1.2.1 and 2.2.1); (v) contractual labour, artisans, supervisors, technicians and professionals for construction, maintenance and conservation works (Outputs 1.1.1 - 1.1.3, 1.2.1, 2.1.1 – 2.1.2, 2.2.1 and 3.1.1); (vi) reserve management committee members (Output 1.2.1); (x) households obtaining livelihood-based technical and financial support (Output 1.2.1); (vii) livestock and crop farmers in NFR-adjacent villages (Output 1.2.1); (viii) other households in NFR-adjacent villages benefiting from the implementation of JMAs (Outputs 1.2.1 and 2.2.1); and (ix) PMU, and supporting, staff.    The project will target the delivery of the following suite of benefits to these prospective beneficiaries:   - Creating contractual (temporary) and permanent job opportunities  - Providing training, mentoring and skills development support  - Procuring PPE, technical equipment, services, materials and infrastructure to assist project staff, TFS staff, VPO staff and NFR-adjacent communities in fulfilling their responsibilities in the project  - Procuring technical and professional expertise to assist TFS and VPO in fulfilling their legally mandated responsibilities  - Sharing of information and raising of awareness  - Diversifying and increasing income streams to supplement the NFR budgets  - diversifying income streams from environmentally friendly enterprises, and improving farming practices, in NFR-adjacent communities to help strengthen community resilience to episodic events such as flooding and disease outbreaks  - developing entrepreneurial opportunities (e.g. training, seed capital funding, equipment, technical backstopping) for small community-based businesses or micro enterprises in NFR-adjacent villages  - Assisting NFR-adjacent communities to access micro-finance or small loans for sustainable biodiversity-friendly livelihoods  - Improving the safety and health of deployed monitoring and NFR and village-based forest guard staff (e.g. insurance, rations, safety equipment)  - Helping NFR-adjacent villages to leverage training, funding, technical assistance and/or investment support from private and public sector projects and programmes   - Developing collaborative, cooperative and mutually beneficial working partnerships between the community and the public and private sectors  - Improving income streams from the sustainable management and use of NFR-adjacent village land  - Restoring or improving the delivery of key ecosystem services to NFR-adjacent villages   - Facilitating participation in national, regional, continental and global forums, meeting, workshops and symposia  It is anticipated that the project will deliver direct socio-economic benefits to at least 15,318 beneficiaries, of whom 6,368 are women.  During the project implementation phase, a Process Framework will be prepared to guide the engagement and participatory process to be followed to ensure that NFR-adjacent village communities participate in the planning, management and development of each affected NFR. The Process Framework will also clearly define: (i) the eligibility criteria of persons or groups for project-supported livelihood development assistance; and (ii) the methods and procedures by which the beneficiary communities will identify and choose the most appropriate type of ‘livelihood development' support to be delivered by the project. The preparation of the Process Framework will specifically incorporate gender concerns to optimize livelihood development opportunities for women, and will give specific attention to the needs of other vulnerable groups.