Provision of life-saving emergency response activities to population affected by conflict and other shocks through wash and shelter intervention in Borno state In Northeast Nigeria, the conflict resulting from the insurgency of non-state armed groups (NSAGs) is as intense as ever. Millions of people have been displaced as a result of the attacks and insecurity, which have devastated agricultural production and other livelihoods, cut off essential services, and caused a protection crisis. In 2022, according to the HRP, 8.4 million people in Borno, Adamawa, and Yobe (BAY states) require humanitarian assistance, 2.2 million are internally displaced people 1.5 million are returnees who lack basic services and livelihoods and 3.9 million are members of communities affected by the presence of internally displaced people (IDPs). 
In addition, the 2021 cholera outbreak had a higher case fatality rate (3.5%) than the previous four years. Due to the fact that many impacted localities are located in difficult-to-reach places, the number of cases in the Borno state may be understated. 
Additionally, according to previous studies (HNO 2022, BMC Public Health 2022, UNICEF in Reuters 2019), children under 5 are more than 20 times more likely to die from diarrheal disease connected to inadequate water and sanitation than from violence associated with armed conflict in long-running wars like those in the BAY states. 

Overall, IDPs in the BAY states face significant barriers to accessing WASH services because of:
- insufficient infrastructure coverage causing overcrowding at water points and latrines and long walking distances to WASH facilities,
- deteriorated sanitation facilities due to insufficient maintenance.
This increase in WASH needs is primarily related to a large-scale influx of displacement. The majority of women and girls lack access to menstrual hygiene management kits and services, making WaSH-related non-food items (NFIs) a crucial need. The wellbeing and living standards of an estimated 3.03 million people will be adversely affected by shortages of clean water, and poor sanitation and hygiene practices in 2022.

In parallel, according to HNO 2022, both waves of displacement and destruction of homes and infrastructures have caused significant shelter needs. 
Non-Food Items NFIs continue to be the third-most reported need among affected populations in Northeast Nigeria (HNO 2022).
As one of the major WASH implementing partners in Borno state, SI will complement its ongoing multi-sectoral activities with additional WaSH and shelter activities to address the most critical life-saving needs by providing all necessary emergency actions in WASH services. SI built the proposed project on 4 main outputs:
- SI: Cholera prevention and response intervention provided to any accessible Local Government Area (LGA) in Borno state where a cholera outbreak is declared, in order to assist cholera-impacted communities and to limit the spreading of the disease (and other waterborne ones)
- SI: Emergency water, sanitation and shelter assistance (with emergency access to safe water and to dignified sanitation facilities and shelter assistance) to people in disaster-prone areas (flood, fire, outbreaks) or being recently displaced in any accessible LGA in Borno state, based on the needs in coordination with the WaSH cluster 
- SI + Mentor: A complete WASH package with hard and soft components, in close collaboration with its implementing partner the Mentor Initiative, in Dikwa LGA, particularly affected by shocks and a high demand to cover needs
- Mentor: Indoor Residual Spray and hygiene promotion campaigns expansion in Jere and MMC LGAs, managed by our implementing partner, the Mentor Initiative

A total of 124,706 beneficiaries (27,992 men, 32,861 women, 29,209 boys and 31,644 girls) will be reached through the proposed program. The emergency response has been located on Maiduguri, Monguno and Ngala, but any accessible LGA in Borno based on the needs and gaps identified by WASH and shelter clusters and the RRM working group could be considered for an intervention.