Crop Diversity Conservation for Sustainable Use in Indonesia To strengthen the conservation and sustainable use of globally significant Indonesian crop diversity, in the wild and on-farm, through sustainable practices and improved capacities, as well as strengthened enabling environment and the development of long-term incentive mechanisms Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. The number of direct beneficiaries that will benefit from the GEF investment are 20,110 of which half will be women, and an estimated 10% will be Masyarakat Adat. As described above, the project will also aim to engage youth as beneficiaries.[1] More detailed socio-economic surveys will be conducted as part of Output 2.1 on Masyarakat Adat and local communities in the project sites, including in relation to gender and youth.[2] Activities will be defined in more detail with Masyarakat Adat and local communities in line with the free, prior and informed (FPIC) process described in Annex G and Annex J. By establishing strategic partnerships at the national level, the project will foster improved collaboration and working partnerships among stakeholders within the agriculture and environment sectors (e.g., breeders, agronomists, natural resource managers, farmers, genebank managers and policymakers), but also within other relevant sectors such as health, social development and education. This will help conserve and unlock novel genetic diversity contained within target crops and CWR populations, making them available and accessible for markets as well as for crop improvement purposes thereby benefiting farmers, breeders and consumers region wide. Given its focus on conserving unique biodiversity, the project will have positive social, health and environmental impacts. By integrating biodiversity in agricultural production practices in ecologically sensitive areas, the project will help to preserve or restore degraded ecosystems, increase the resilience of agricultural landscapes helping to buffer against climate change impacts.At the national level, scientists, researchers, development practitioners and policymakers are also among the beneficiaries in terms of participation, knowledge generation, networking, and partnerships. The project will provide a proof of concept which can be used and scaled-up for other threatened and globally unique plant genetic resources and their wild relatives by mainstreaming biodiversity and the promotion of sustainable management practices. Project outcomes are also expected to influence national policy and other relevant initiatives in this regard.At the local level, the project will have positive social, health and environmental impacts on communities, women, families, households, and farmers residing and earning a living in the project areas. The project’s outcomes will enhance the ability of target communities to manage their production systems sustainably; while strengthening markets for diversified food products made with the target crops and supporting greater access to markets can strengthen livelihoods and improve local economies. The strong focus of the project on promoting community-alliances coupled with project focus on institutions and governance, capacity building and social inclusion at all levels will guarantee participation of socio-economically marginalized groups and individuals, including women, youth and Masyarakat Adat, in decision making process as well as ensure more equitable distribution of income from marketing (also see section 3. Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment). Furthermore, by integrating nutritious and climate-smart target crops in smallholder farming systems, the project will contribute to the improved health and well-being of beneficiaries living in the target areas including improved food security and nutrition. Planted on farm and conserved in forests, the target species will also contribute to increasing the resilience of production systems against climate change impacts.Target groups and beneficiaries include male and female farmers, farmer groups/cooperatives and private and public sector groups involved in value chains; youth in rural areas; key policy and decision makers from relevant ministries, line departments and other agencies. Women are an important target group as they play key roles in cultivating and processing the target crops and in making consumption choices for their households.The project anticipates that the enhanced value chains and market incentives will result in a 10% increase in income of at least 200 farmers (of which at least 50% women, 10% Masyarakat Adat).An overview of the main socio-economic benefits is provided in the table below.IndividualLocalNationalCollaboration across sectorsXXEnhanced policy and regulatory environment for biodiversity with nutritional and climate smart qualitiesXNational planning of agriculture, health and food security strategies gives more prominence to biodiversityXGreater diversity of target crops and CWR made available to farmers and breedersXXXBiodiversity mainstreamed, conserved and utilized, including the knowledge associated with itXXXIncreased land area planted with target cropsXXXIncreased production and income from the growing and marketing of the target cropsXXXKnowledge and information on target crops made accessible to broad audienceXXXEnhanced awareness of nutritional potential of target crops and agrobiodiversity in generalXXXIn terms of breeding, it is important to clarify that Crop Wild Relatives (CWR) are of limited use to farmers in the short term. The benefits to farmers from CWR conservation are longer term, through the identification of beneficial traits in CWR and their use by breeders (including in farmer participatory breeding) in producing improved crop cultivars that can then either be grown by farmers directly or crossed with farmers’ indigenous landraces, or elite varieties, to improve the latter’s characteristics, thereby improving farmers’ nutrition and income.So, although there may not be immediate short-term direct benefits to farmers in conserving CWR diversity, they can obtain ‘public good’ benefits from the project by providing a CWR conservation service and receiving support through a benefit-sharing mechanism. This will be addressed in Output 2.1 of the project.The project will make available and accessible greater diversity of CWR species for crops of importance to food security in Indonesia to breeders. Breeders will use the additional CWR diversity in developing varieties that will contribute to the long-term security in the country and beyond, including to farmers that provide such a service. Farmers and their communities will be the ultimate beneficiaries. The clarification of the project strategy has been reflected in the narrative of the full proposal as well as in the log-frame.[1] See also Section 5. Risks.[2] Note: Internationally, youth is typically defined as age group between 15-24 years. The Youth Law of Indonesia (Law N° 40/2009) defines youth as 16-30 years old, while the statistical definition is 15-29 years old. The project will aim to collect age- (and sex-) disaggregated data where feasible. Please refer to Section 5. Risks for more details.