Jaipur Metro Rail Line 1-Phase B Project Jaipur, the capital of the Indian state of Rajasthan, is the 10th largest city and one of the fastest growing cities in India. It is a center of both traditional and modern industries, and is a very popular tourist destination for cultural heritage and historic architecture. The population of Jaipur city was 3.1 million in 2011, and it is projected to reach 8.1 million by 2031.  The fast-paced industrial and commercial development has resulted in a steep rise in travel demand, but the city's existing public transport infrastructure is inadequate in terms of capacity and service. With the growing economy, passengers are shifting to private modes of transport, as evident in the rise in vehicle ownership, aggravating congestion and pollution. The modal share for public transport was 19% in 2009, one of the lowest in cities with more than 3 million inhabitants in India.

In 2009, Jaipur Development Authority developed a comprehensive mobility plan, seeking to provide an overall transport plan, up to 2031, that emphasizes the preeminence of public transport for the movement of people, not just vehicles, and integrating land use with transport networks.  It prioritized mobility corridors, which can be utilized to optimize movement of people, focusing on mass transport, rather than vehicular traffic; and identified solutions including bus fleet augmentation, bus rapid transit system, and a high-capacity rail-based system (metro). The city bus fleet has been augmented with modern buses and the bus rapid transit system is being introduced.  However, the main road corridors cannot accommodate segregated bus lanes, while the city's radial development pattern is generating high demand for trips to and from the central business and commercial districts. To meet the increasing mobility requirement and avoid further congestion, high capacity metro lines were recommended along the city's two backbone arterial corridors. These consist of Line 1 for the east-west corridor of 12 km from Mansarovar to Badi Chopar, and Line 2 for the north-south corridor of 23 km from Ambabadi to Sitapura. The metro lines are mainly elevated along the major arterial roads and underground beneath the city's busy central zone.

In January 2010, the government of Rajasthan established the Jaipur Metro Rail Corporation (JMRC) as a special purpose vehicle to implement the metro rail lines. Line 1-Phase A (9.7 km elevated portion from Mansarovar to Chandpole), estimated to cost about $400 million and financed entirely by the government, was completed in 2014 and began commercial operation in June 2015. The proposed ADB loan is to help finance Line 1-Phase B, consisting of the 2.3 km underground portion from Chandpole to Badi Chopar, with two stations for completion and operation by early 2018. Line 2 for the north-south corridor is being planned, and the proposed financing includes consulting services for JMRC to update the detailed project report, which includes updating traffic demand, reviewing route selection, the preliminary engineering and cost estimate, and assessing economic and financial viability. It will help JMRC identify viable financing options and implementation arrangements to take the next steps toward achieving comprehensive improvements for the mass rapid transit system in Jaipur.