Mainstreaming biodiversity into mountain agricultural and pastoral landscapes of relevant ecosystems in Eastern Cuba To reduce pressures on key fragile mountain and pre-mountain ecosystems of Eastern Cuba, by mainstreaming biodiversity in agriculture/livestock production, and implementing integrated landscape management (ILM) and planning. Note: Disbursement data provided is cumulative and covers disbursement made by the project Agency. 256. The actions of the project in the sphere of production-processing and marketing of coffee, cocoa, coconut and livestock products will promote processes that add added value to existing local productions, market spaces, both for local and national consumption as well as for export, certification and incentive systems through the articulation of actors and knowledge at all levels, and the use of sustainable technologies and social participation. While reducing the negative impact on natural resources and increasing efficiency in local productions, these actions will generate tangible benefits for producers and residents. The extension of sustainable agricultural methods and value chains, focusing on sustainability and equity, favours the generation of jobs, income, and food sources through the strengthening of environmental management based on the nature-economy-society relationship.  257. Due to the improvement of the productive systems, knowledge, attitudes and practices of producers and local communities, in addition to the active participation of government entities, municipalities and agricultural cooperatives, the main expected global benefits include:    a) Direct benefits of 50,000 ha of productive landscapes in 2 areas of high biodiversity wealth and socio-environmental vulnerability that will improve the quality and management of their natural resources resulting from the application of the approaches promoted by FAO "Save and Grow" and "Climate-Smart Livestock" (CSL). Another 20,000 ha of high national significance for food production and exportable products will be indirectly benefited. These ecosystems will improve their functioning and health due to reducing the negative impacts of agriculture in the buffer zones, improvements in water quality, increase in biodiversity, connectivity and the establishment of biological corridors. 700 ha of agricultural land and forests will be restored and reclaimed  b) Four (4) value chains will benefit the production-commercialization-consumption cycle to reduce negative impacts on the environment.  c) Four (4) Regulatory frameworks strengthened at the local level, with repercussions on national policies, endowed with practical evidence, analysis and integrative proposals for sustainable management (economic, environmental and social dimension).  d) By creating these global benefits, the project will contribute to the environmental, social and economic sustainability of agricultural activity and the sustainable management of biodiversity in the implementation areas. Fifteen thousand local producers (22% women) in rural communities in the fragile mountain and pre-mountain ecosystems learn and incorporate sustainable management practices of agrobiodiversity. Through participatory and equity approaches, especially gender, the improvement of living and working conditions and production increases and the diversification of productions will favour the stable settlement of population groups and the reduction of rural emigration; hence the agricultural areas of these territories will obtain incremental benefits.