Avfallshantering, Bolivia 2019-2023 Solid waste management Bolivia-zero waste 2019-2023 - Solid waste management, medium sized cities, additional climate funds Helvetas har ansökt till Sida om finansiering av 49 140 000 SEK för att genomföra programmet "0 avfall i Bolivia" under perioden 2019–2022.
Programmet syftar till att bidra till hanteringen av fast avfall i landet (på olika politiska nivåer, med en bred bas av aktörer, på offentliga, sociala och privata områden), med prioriteringarna;
- minska mängden avfall för sluthantering
- främja avfallssortering, hantering och lösningar högre upp i värdekedjan (innan slutförvaring).
Visionen för detta är ”0 avfall”, det vill säga att mängden avfall (särskilt organiskt) som begravs i sanitära deponier eller kontrollerade dumpar minimeras vilket resulterar i att generering av lakvatten och växthusgaser minimeras. Ökad återanvändning och återvinning resulterar i mindre avfall till slutförvaring, vilket bidrar till en längre livslängd för deponierna och ökad effektivitet i systemen.

Det övergripande förväntade resultatet av programmet är:
Förbättrad allmänhälsa hos befolkningen i de utvalda kommunerna som resultat av minskade miljöföroreningar från öppna sluthanteringsstationer/deponier.

Det direkta förväntade resultatet är utvecklade modeller för integrerad hantering av fast avfall med betoning på användning av avfall enligt en cirkulär ekonomi.

För att uppnå detta resultat har fyra specifika delmål fastställts:
1) Förbättra hushållens tillgång till tjänster av god kvalitet för hantering av hushållsavfall genom ökad täckning för sophanteringstjänster och mer effektiva soptransporter.
2) Öka involverade parters (hushåll och andra aktörer) återanvändning och återvinning av avfall i olika sammanhang och storlekar på städer genom att upprätta återanvändningssystem för organiska och återvinningsbara avfallstyper samt utvecklade specifika normer inom avfallshantering.
3) Stärka avfallssektorn på nationell och lokal nivå genom kooperativa institutionella samarbeten och utveckling av institutionell kapacitet.
4) Öka allmänhetens och institutioners deltagande i integrerade åtgärder för hållbar avfallshantering genom att utveckla kapacitet, dela och lära av erfarenheter och öka medvetenheten på olika nivåer.

Projektet kommer att utveckla, tillsammans med nyckelaktörer, integrerade modeller för avfallshantering, med betoning på återanvändning och återvinning under perspektivet cirkulär ekonomi, i tre särskilda sammanhang: (i) större urbana centrum som La Paz, (ii) mellanstor stad som Tarija, och (iii)) en gemensam lösning för mellanstora och små städer i Chaco Cruceño (Camiri, Boyuibe, Cuevo, Lagunillas och Gutiérrez). Fokus på avfallsminskning och återanvändning förväntas resultera i ett högre nyttodragande av avfall. Helvetas kommer att implementera projektet tillsammans med Swisscontact och Agua Tuya och kommer att samarbeta med kommuner, privat och offentlig sektor.

Insatsens totala budget är 49 140 000 SEK som helt täcks av Sida Helvetas has applied to Sida for funding of 49 140 000 SEK million SEK to carry out the "0 waste in Bolivia" programme during the period 2019-2022. 

The project aims to contribute to the management of solid waste in the country (along different levels, actors, public, social and private spheres), prioritizing;
- reduction in solid waste generation,
- promoting separation at source, as its use, before final disposal solutions.
The approach adopted for this is “0 waste”: when the amount of waste (especially organic) that is buried in sanitary landfills or controlled dumps is minimized, then the generation of leachate and greenhouse gases is reduced. At the same time, increasing use allows less waste in final disposal, contributing to a longer useful life of the landfills and greater efficiency in the systems. 
The expected result (impact) is:
Health improved within populations of selected municipalities, by lower levels of environmental pollution.
The main objective is to generate models of integrated solid waste management emphasizing use of waste under a circular economy approach.

To achieve this goal, four specific objectives have been established:
1) Improve households access to good quality and continued services of solid waste management, especially by increased waste collection coverage and a more efficient transportation.
2) Increase stakeholders reuse of waste in different kinds of contexts and city sizes, by establishing reuse systems for organic and recyclable types of waste and developing specific norms.
3) Strengthen the solid waste sector at national and local level applying cooperative institutional arrangements and developing institutional capacities.
4) Increase participation of households and institutions in integrated solid waste management activities by developing capacities, sharing and learning from experiences and raising awareness at different levels.

The project will build, along key actors, integral solid waste management models, stressing use under a circular economy approach, in three particular contexts: (i) major urban center as La Paz, (ii) intermediate city such as Tarija, and (iii) a joint solution for intermediate and small cities in the Chaco Cruceño (Camiri, Boyuibe, Cuevo, Lagunillas and Gutiérrez). The emphasis on waste reduction and reuse should report higher rates of use in the intervention areas. Moreover, and considering Bolivia’s diversity (both from a geographical and cultural point of view) it will work in different ecological grounds and socio-economic realities (high lands, valleys and lowlands). Helvetas will implement the project together with Swisscontact and Agua Tuya and will collaborate with municipalities, private and public sector.

The intervention’s total budget is 49 140 000 SEK which is covered completely by the Sida funds. The objectives and expected results of the O Waste Programme have not changed; however, the logical framework has been optimized according to the main results of the inception phase.
 
The main objective continues to be the same. To generate integrated solid waste management models emphasizing the reuse of waste under a circular economy approach. These models will prioritize the efficient use of waste to advance into a 0 Garbage approach, promoting the use for organic and inorganic waste in the municipalities. At the end of the project, it is expected to have three models of comprehensive solid waste management validated for different contexts:
- large urban cities, intermediate urban cities and small associated municipalities (ciudades mancomunadas) 
- Three different ecological floor -Altiplano, valleys and lowlands.
 
To achieve the purpose of the project, the fourth initial components/effects that have been established in the original project document remain the same: i) Effect 1: Collection, transport and final disposal; ii) Effect 2: Reuse and commercialization; iii) Effect 3: Institutional development; Iv) Effect 4. Communication, knowledge management and skills.
 
The final target of the programme is to improve the health of the population of the selected municipalities, reducing the levels of environmental pollution and the emission of greenhouse gases..
 
The beneficiary population in the improvement of solid waste management services will be the totality of users: La Paz, 943,758 inhabitants (GAMLP) (a large municipality); Tarija, 245,000 (an intermediate municipality) and its adjoining areas (Uriondo and Villa San Lorenzo); Chaco Cruceño, 65,000 inhabitant (five municipalities, one with a population of intermediate size and four smaller populations). In total, it is a target population of 1,254,000 inhabitants and nine municipalities.
 
Of this target population, the work will involve:
- Women, due to the low recognition of them as actors in the solid waste management chain, who, since they do not have basic services, are the most affected as they are usually responsible for taking care of the home (reproductive role, includes hygiene, management waste and household health).
- People/ families dedicated to the classification and collection of waste,
- Population of peripheral areas that suffer irregularly access to the waste management services, with poor quality in their provision.
- Cleaning staff due to their proximity to sources of contamination and because they suffer discrimination from the rest of the population.
- General population, whose perception is negative regarding waste collection and use services.
 
Regarding the specific targets established in the logical framework, the programme wants "to improve the health of the population of the selected municipalities, reducing the levels of environmental contamination". In this sense and in order to make visible the impact of the proposed objective, it is expected:
- To increase the households perception of improvement in health due to less contamination in final disposal sites (it is expected that the bad perception of contamination will lower from 96% according to the baseline to 80%)
- To reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. The aim of this intervention is to reduce emissions by approximately 20% according to the baseline of 270.241,00 Tn CO2-eq/year by optimizing the solid waste collection, use and final disposal systems.
- The improvement of the Environmental Quality Index (ICA) in solid waste final disposal sites (the ICA reduce for La Paz in Air: reduction of at least 10%; Tarija: Air: reduction of at least 10%, and for the Chaco Cruceño: Air: reduction of at least 5% in relation to the baseline).
 
Finally, it is important to mention that this contribution has also national importance, especiall considering that:
-  it wants to promote the generation of integrated solid waste management models (with norms and regulations) that could be implemented nationwide. The main expectation will be to lay the foundations to replicate this integral solid waste management models of for the large municipalities (4 existing ones), intermediate cities (35) and in more than 100 smaller urban populations from the country. Together, these populations concentrate 70% of the national population, just over seven million inhabitants).
- as a mechanism to prevent pollution than can be spread beyond the selected municipalities, considering the potential replicability of this 3 models.