Solarenergieprogramm II - Solar 4 Kosovo II (Solarthermie), Teil 2 Solar Energy Program II - Solar 4 Kosovo II (Solar District Heating), Part 2 In Kosovo wird 94 % der elektrischen Energie des Landes in den zwei veralteten Kohlekraftwerken Kosovo A und B erzeugt. Die Kohleverbrennung in den Kraftwerken und auch in häuslichen Einzelöfen ist ein Hauptgrund für die enorme Luftverschmutzung, besonders in Pristina. Ca. 75 % der Gebäude Pristinas sind bisher nicht an das zentrale Fernwärmeversorgungssystem der Stadt angeschlossen und beziehen Wärme durch die Nutzung kohlebasierter Elektrizität sowie durch die Verbrennung von nicht nachhaltig beschaffenem Holz oder von Braunkohle. Besonders in den heizintensiven Wintermonaten ist die Verschlechterung der Luftqualität insbesondere in den nicht an das Fernwärmenetz angeschlossenen Stadtgebieten messbar. Die Heizsysteme sind in den meisten Fällen veraltet, ineffizient und zeichnen sich durch hohe Betriebskosten aus. Das im Rahmen der Maßnahmen des FZ-Moduls avisierte Kernproblem ist die ineffiziente, unzuverlässige, klimaschädigende und quantitativ nicht ausreichende Wärmeversorgung von Haushalten, öffentlichen Einrichtungen und Unternehmen in Pristina. Durch das FZ-Modul werden zusätzliche Wärmekapazitäten auf solarthermischer Erzeugungsbasis in Pristina bereitgestellt, die Voraussetzungen für den neuen Fernwärmeanschluss von Gebäudeeinheiten durch Netzerweiterungsmaßnahmen geschaffen sowie die Leistungsfähigkeit des kommunalen Fernwärmeunternehmens Termokos, der Projektträger, u.a. durch Fort- und Ausbildungsmaßnahmen erhöht. Durch das Gesamtvorhaben kann die auf fossilen Energieträgern beruhende, veraltete Wärmeversorgung von Gebäudeeinheiten in Pristina durch die moderne und nachhaltige Fernwärmeversorgung ersetzt werden. Direkte Zielgruppe des Vorhabens sind ca. 38.000 Bewohner, Nutzer und Besitzer von Gebäuden, die im Rahmen der Netzerweiterungsmaßnahmen neu an die Fernwärmeversorgung von Pristina angeschlossen werden und dadurch von einer zuverlässigen, günstigen und umweltfreundlicheren Wärmeversorgung profitieren. In Kosovo, 94% of the country's electrical energy is generated in the two outdated coal-fired power plants Kosovo A and B. Coal combustion in the power plants and also in individual domestic stoves is a major reason for the enormous air pollution, especially in Pristina. Approximately 75% of Pristina's buildings are not yet connected to the city's central district heating system and obtain heat by using coal-based electricity and by burning unsustainably sourced wood or lignite. Deterioration in air quality is particularly measurable during the heating-intensive winter months, especially in urban areas not connected to the district heating system. In most cases, the heating systems are outdated, inefficient and characterized by high operating costs. The core problem targeted by the FC module measures is the inefficient, unreliable, climate-damaging and quantitatively insufficient heat supply to households, public institutions and businesses in Pristina. The FC module will provide additional heat capacities on the basis of solar thermal generation in Pristina, create the preconditions for the new district heating connection of building units through network expansion measures, and increase the efficiency of the municipal district heating company Termokos, the project executing agency, among other things through training and education measures. The overall project will make it possible to replace the outdated heat supply to building units in Pristina, which is based on fossil fuels, with modern and sustainable district heating. The direct target group of the project are approx. 38,000 residents, users and owners of buildings that will be newly connected to the district heating supply in Pristina as part of the network expansion measures and will thus benefit from a reliable, inexpensive and more environmentally friendly heat supply. The project aims to increase the share of renewable energies in the Kosovar energy mix. The focus of this phase is the heating sector. By modernizing and expanding at least one Kosovar district heating system based on modern solar district heating technology and storage facilities, the positive environmental and climate impact of district heating shall be further increased. In Kosovo, 94% of the country's electrical energy is generated in the two outdated coal-fired power plants Kosovo A and B. Coal combustion in the power plants and also in individual domestic stoves is a major reason for the enormous air pollution, especially in Pristina. Approximately 75% of Pristina's buildings are not yet connected to the city's central district heating system and obtain heat by using coal-based electricity and by burning unsustainably sourced wood or lignite. Deterioration in air quality is particularly measurable during the heating-intensive winter months, especially in urban areas not connected to the district heating system. In most cases, the heating systems are outdated, inefficient and characterized by high operating costs. The core problem targeted by the FC module measures is the inefficient, unreliable, climate-damaging and quantitatively insufficient heat supply to households, public institutions and businesses in Pristina. The FC module will provide additional heat capacities on the basis of solar thermal generation in Pristina, create the preconditions for the new district heating connection of building units through network expansion measures, and increase the efficiency of the municipal district heating company Termokos, the project executing agency, among other things through training and education measures. The overall project will make it possible to replace the outdated heat supply to building units in Pristina, which is based on fossil fuels, with modern and sustainable district heating. The direct target group of the project are approx. 38,000 residents, users and owners of buildings that will be newly connected to the district heating supply in Pristina as part of the network expansion measures and will thus benefit from a reliable, inexpensive and more environmentally friendly heat supply.