Sentence:  For the industry of this model , the <WSD>effect</WSD> of such public pressures in the past has been to hold the price well below the short-run profit maximizing price ( given the wage rate and the level of GNP ) , and even below the entry limited price ( but not below average cost ) . 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon