Sentence:  The associations between valence feature codes and tactile codes are assumed, reflecting that the model already &#39;knows&#39; that an <WSD>electroshock</WSD> is inherently experienced as unpleasant. The associations between word shapes and valence codes are also assumed, reflecting prior knowledge of the valence of certain  words. In contrast to these fixed associations, the model has to learn the associations between valence codes and motor codes during the training phase. 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  (An) electric shock.