Sentence:  The trouble is that over longer periods unresolved anomalies accumulate and eventually get to the point where some scientists begin to question the paradigm itself. ... In the end, the crisis is resolved by a revolutionary change in world-view in which the now-deficient paradigm is replaced by a newer one. This is the <WSD>paradigm shift</WSD> of modern parlance and after it has happened the scientific field returns to normal science, based on the new framework. And so it goes on. 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  A radical change in thinking from an accepted point of view to a new one, necessitated when new scientific discoveries produce anomalies in the current paradigm. (from 1962)