Sentence:  Reasoning, in the extended sense in which I use the term, and in which it is synonymous with Inference, is popularly said to be of two kinds: reasoning from particulars to generals, and reasoning from generals to particulars; the former being called Induction, the latter <WSD>Ratiocination</WSD> or Syllogism. ... The meaning intended by these expressions is, that Induction is inferring a proposition from propositions "less general" than itself, and <WSD>Ratiocination</WSD> is inferring a proposition from propositions "equally" or "more" general. 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  Reasoning, conscious deliberate inference; the activity or process of reasoning.