Sentence:  In recent years, education officials have made a number of proposals, including revising elementary and middle school textbooks to increase the proportion of <WSD>guoxue</WSD>, or the study of Chinese culture, and reducing the importance of English on some versions of the gaokao, or university entrance examination, in favor of a greater emphasis on the Chinese language. 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  Knowledge of the culture of a country (especially of China).