Sentence:  In the period before the wars, some of the <WSD>speculative philosophies</WSD>, including pragmatism, developed supernaturalist theologies and idealistic metaphysics, while others discarded these traditional views in favor of sweeping Spencerian or Bergsonian theories about nature. 
Meaning of the word marked with <WSD> tags:  A particular philosophical school, system, or work representative of this kind of philosophy.