derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
During the war, the Paris National Guard, particularly in the working-class neighbourhoods of Paris, had become highly politicised and units elected officers; many refused to wear uniforms or obey commands from the national government. National guard units tried to seize power in Paris on 31 October 1870 and 22 January 1871. On 18 March 1871, when the regular army tried to remove cannons from an artillery park on Montmartre, National Guard units resisted and killed two army generals. The national government and regular army forces retreated to Versailles and a revolutionary government was proclaimed in Paris. A Commune was elected, which was dominated by socialists, anarchists and revolutionaries. The red flag replaced the French tricolour and a civil war began between the Commune and the regular army, which attacked and recaptured Paris from 21–28 May in La Semaine Sanglante (Bloody week).

Question: What became highly politicised during the war? Question: In what type of neighborhoods did the occur especially? Question: What did the National Guard refuse to wear? Question: What did the National Guard refuse to obey? Question: On which dates did La Semaine Sanglante occur in Paris?
While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a distant plateau south of the town of Spicheren, and took this as a sign of Frossard's retreat. Ignoring Moltke's plan again, both German armies attacked Frossard's French 2nd Corps, fortified between Spicheren and Forbach.

Question: Who commanded the French army at the battle of Worth? Question: Which German divisison did MacMahon engage? Question: Who commanded the German 1st Army? Question: What did a German patrol spot that led them to believe that Frossard had retreated? Question: Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?
The casualties were horrible, especially for the attacking Prussian forces. A grand total of 20,163 German troops were killed, wounded or missing in action during the August 18 battle. The French losses were 7,855 killed and wounded along with 4,420 prisoners of war (half of them were wounded) for a total of 12,275. While most of the Prussians fell under the French Chassepot rifles, most French fell under the Prussian Krupp shells. In a breakdown of the casualties, Frossard's II Corps of the Army of the Rhine suffered 621 casualties while inflicting 4,300 casualties on the Prussian First Army under Steinmetz before the Pointe du Jour. The Prussian Guards Infantry Divisions losses were even more staggering with 8,000 casualties out of 18,000 men. The Special Guards Jäger lost 19 officers, a surgeon and 431 men out of a total of 700. The 2nd Guards Infantry Brigade lost 39 officers and 1,076 men. The 3rd Guards Infantry Brigade lost 36 officers and 1,060 men. On the French side, the units holding St. Privat lost more than half their number in the village.

Question: Who were the casualties especially terrible for? Question: What was the grand total of German casualties and those missing in action? Question: What were the number of French killed and wounded? Question: What was the number of French prisoners? Question: What did most Prussians fall under?
While the republican government was amenable to war reparations or ceding colonial territories in Africa or in South East Asia to Prussia, Favre on behalf of the Government of National Defense, declared on 6 September that France would not "yield an inch of its territory nor a stone of its fortresses." The republic then renewed the declaration of war, called for recruits in all parts of the country and pledged to drive the German troops out of France by a guerre à outrance. Under these circumstances, the Germans had to continue the war, yet could not pin down any proper military opposition in their vicinity. As the bulk of the remaining French armies were digging-in near Paris, the German leaders decided to put pressure upon the enemy by attacking Paris. By September 15, German troops reached the outskirts of the fortified city. On September 19, the Germans surrounded it and erected a blockade, as already established at Metz.

Question: What was the republican government amenable to? Question: Who declared that France would not yield "an inch of its territory?" Question: Who was Favre speaking on behalf of? Question: When did Favre make the declaration concerning colonial territories? Question: What did this cause the Republic to renew?
Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army and the Landwehr reserves. The second was the provision for the conscription of every male Prussian of military age in the event of mobilization. Thus, despite the population of France being greater than the population of all of the German states that participated in the war, the Germans mobilized more soldiers for battle.

Question: Who was the Prussian Minister of War? Question: What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister? Question: He instituted a series of what regarding the Prussian military? Question: What was the first step in the reforms? Question: What was the second reform?
The French were equipped with bronze, rifled muzzle-loading artillery, while the Prussians used new steel breech-loading guns, which had a far longer range and a faster rate of fire. Prussian gunners strove for a high rate of fire, which was discouraged in the French army in the belief that it wasted ammunition. In addition, the Prussian artillery batteries had 30% more guns than their French counterparts. The Prussian guns typically opened fire at a range of 2–3 kilometres (1.2–1.9 mi), beyond the range of French artillery or the Chassepot rifle. The Prussian batteries could thus destroy French artillery with impunity, before being moved forward to directly support infantry attacks.

Question: What type of artillery were the French equipped with? Question: What newer artillery were Prussians using? Question: What did the French believe was overly wasted in artillery with a higher rate of fire? Question: The Prussian artillery batteries had what percentage more of guns than the French? Question: What was the typical range that Prussian guns could fire?
On 28 January 1871 the Government of National Defence based in Paris negotiated an armistice with the Prussians. With Paris starving, and Gambetta's provincial armies reeling from one disaster after another, French foreign minister Favre went to Versailles on 24 January to discuss peace terms with Bismarck. Bismarck agreed to end the siege and allow food convoys to immediately enter Paris (including trains carrying millions of German army rations), on condition that the Government of National Defence surrender several key fortresses outside Paris to the Prussians. Without the forts, the French Army would no longer be able to defend Paris.

Question: On what date did the Government of National Defence negotiate an armistice? Question: With whom did the French government negotiate? Question: What consequence of war were Parisians suffering? Question: Which French minister traveled to Versailles to discuss peace? Question: What was the date on which jFarve and Bismarck met?
During the fighting, the Communards killed c. 500 people, including the Archbishop of Paris, and burned down many government buildings, including the Tuileries Palace and the Hotel de Ville. Communards captured with weapons were routinely shot by the army and Government troops killed from 7,000–30,000 Communards in the fighting and in massacres of men, women, and children during and after the Commune. More recent histories, based on studies of the number buried in Paris cemeteries and in mass graves after the fall of the Commune, put the number killed at between 6,000 and 10,000. Twenty-six courts were established to try more than 40,000 people who had been arrested, which took until 1875 and imposed 95 death sentences, of which 23 were inflicted. Forced labour for life was imposed on 251 people, 1,160 people were transported to "a fortified place" and 3,417 people were transported. About 20,000 Communards were held in prison hulks until released in 1872 and a great many Communards fled abroad to England, Switzerland, Belgium or the United States. The survivors were amnestied by a bill introduced by Gambetta in 1880 and allowed to return.

Question: How many were killed by the Communards? Question: Which religious official was also killed during the fighting? Question: What type of buildings were especially targeted to be burned down? Question: What famous palace was also burned down? Question: What is the rough estimate of the number of people killed?
At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime organisations of the armies. Each Prussian Corps was based within a Kreis (literally "circle") around the chief city in an area. Reservists rarely lived more than a day's travel from their regiment's depot. By contrast, French regiments generally served far from their depots, which in turn were not in the areas of France from which their soldiers were drawn. Reservists often faced several days' journey to report to their depots, and then another long journey to join their regiments. Large numbers of reservists choked railway stations, vainly seeking rations and orders.

Question: At the start of the war, how many German troops were focused on the French frontier? Question: How many French troops were available to stand again the Germans? Question: What did the French military numbers suffer from the most? Question: What is the literal meaning of the Prussian word "Kreis?"
The events of the Franco-Prussian War had great influence on military thinking over the next forty years. Lessons drawn from the war included the need for a general staff system, the scale and duration of future wars and the tactical use of artillery and cavalry. The bold use of artillery by the Prussians, to silence French guns at long range and then to directly support infantry attacks at close range, proved to be superior to the defensive doctrine employed by French gunners. The Prussian tactics were adopted by European armies by 1914, exemplified in the French 75, an artillery piece optimised to provide direct fire support to advancing infantry. Most European armies ignored the evidence of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–05 which suggested that infantry armed with new smokeless-powder rifles could engage gun crews effectively. This forced gunners to fire at longer range using indirect fire, usually from a position of cover.

Question: The events of the Franco-Prussian War had great influence on what? Question: Lessons garnered from the war included recognizing the need for what kind of system? Question: Who adopted the Prussian artillery tactics in 1914? Question: What was the French 75 optimised to directly support? Question: Evidence from what war suggested the increased benefits of smokeless poweder rifles?
The creation of a unified German Empire ended the balance of power that had been created with the Congress of Vienna after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Germany had established itself as the main power in continental Europe with the most powerful and professional army in the world.[citation needed] Although Great Britain remained the dominant world power, British involvement in European affairs during the late 19th century was very limited, allowing Germany to exercise great influence over the European mainland.[citation needed] Besides, the Crown Prince's marriage with the daughter of Queen Victoria was only the most prominent of several German–British relationships.

Question: A unified German Empire ended the balance of power in which congress? Question: At the end of the Napoleonic wars, Germany had established itself as what, in continental Europe? Question: Who remained the dominant world power at this time? Question: British involvement in European matters in the late 19th century was considered what? Question: The Crown Prince's marriage to whom was considered the most prominent of German-British royal liasons?
At Buya in Eritrea, one of the oldest hominids representing a possible link between Homo erectus and an archaic Homo sapiens was found by Italian scientists. Dated to over 1 million years old, it is the oldest skeletal find of its kind and provides a link between hominids and the earliest anatomically modern humans. It is believed that the section of the Danakil Depression in Eritrea was also a major player in terms of human evolution, and may contain other traces of evolution from Homo erectus hominids to anatomically modern humans.

Question: Where in Eritrea did Italian scientists find one of the oldest hominids? Question: How old was the hominid that was found in Eritrea? Question: What is the importance pertaining to the age of the hominid that was found in Eritrea? Question: What possible link is represented by the hominid found in Eritrea? Question: What place in Eritrea is believed to have played a major part in human evolution?
The Scottish traveler James Bruce reported in 1770 that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia, noting that the two territories were frequently in conflict. The Bahre-Nagassi ("Kings of the Sea") alternately fought with or against the Abyssinians and the neighbouring Muslim Adal Sultanate depending on the geopolitical circumstances. Medri Bahri was thus part of the Christian resistance against Imam Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi of Adal's forces, but later joined the Adalite states and the Ottoman Empire front against Abyssinia in 1572. That 16th century also marked the arrival of the Ottomans, who began making inroads in the Red Sea area.

Question: Who was James Bruce? Question: In 1770, who reported that Medri Bahri was a distinct political entity from Abyssinia? Question: How is The Bahre-Nagassi translated? Question: What determined whether The Bahre-Nagassi fought with or against the Abyssinians? Question: Which century marked the arrival of the Ottomans?
The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Subsequent annexation into Ethiopia led to the Eritrean War of Independence, ending with Eritrean independence following a referendum in April 1993. Hostilities between Eritrea and Ethiopia persisted, leading to the Eritrean–Ethiopian War of 1998–2000 and further skirmishes with both Djibouti and Ethiopia.

Question: What is the result of the incorporation of independent kingdoms and sultanates? Question: When did Eritrea join a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethipia and Eritrea? Question: What subsequently led to the Eritran War of Independence? Question: What was the result of the War of Independence? Question: What persisted and led to the Eritrean-Ethiopian War of 1998-2000?
Excavations in and near Agordat in central Eritrea yielded the remains of an ancient pre-Aksumite civilization known as the Gash Group. Ceramics were discovered that were related to those of the C-Group (Temehu) pastoral culture, which inhabited the Nile Valley between 2500–1500 BC. Some sources dating back to 3500 BC. Shards akin to those of the Kerma culture, another community that flourished in the Nile Valley around the same period, were also found at other local archaeological sites in the Barka valley belonging to the Gash Group. According to Peter Behrens (1981) and Marianne Bechaus-Gerst (2000), linguistic evidence indicates that the C-Group and Kerma peoples spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber and Cushitic branches, respectively.

Question: Where is Agordat located? Question: What is the Gash Group? Question: What did excavations around Agordat yield the remains of? Question: When did the C-Group inhabit the Nile Valley? Question: What type of evidence indicated that the C-Group spoke Afroasiatic languages of the Berber branches?
The Aksumites erected a number of large stelae, which served a religious purpose in pre-Christian times. One of these granite columns, the obelisk of Aksum, is the largest such structure in the world, standing at 90 feet. Under Ezana (fl. 320–360), Aksum later adopted Christianity. In the 7th century, early Muslims from Mecca also sought refuge from Quraysh persecution by travelling to the kingdom, a journey known in Islamic history as the First Hijra. It is also the alleged resting place of the Ark of the Covenant and the purported home of the Queen of Sheba.

Question: Who erected a number of large stelae in pre-Christian times? Question: What purpose did stelae serve? Question: Which stelae is considered the largest in the world, standing at 90 feet? Question: Where is the Ark of the Covenant believed to be resting? Question: Who eventually adopted Christianity under Ezana?
Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Finance Corporation, International Criminal Police Organization (INTERPOL), Non-Aligned Movement, Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, Permanent Court of Arbitration, and the World Customs Organization.

Question: Which league is Eritrea an observing member of? Question: What is the abbreviation for the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions? Question: What does the acronym INTERPOL stand for?
The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. Aksum was at the time ruled by Zoskales, who also governed the port of Adulis. The Aksumite rulers facilitated trade by minting their own Aksumite currency. The state also established its hegemony over the declining Kingdom of Kush and regularly entered the politics of the kingdoms on the Arabian peninsula, eventually extending its rule over the region with the conquest of the Himyarite Kingdom.

Question: Where was Ivory exported according to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea? Question: Who ruled Aksum and also governed the port of Adulis? Question: How did the Aksumite rulers facilitate trade? Question: Which kingdoms did Aksum regularly enter the politics of? Question: Who did Aksum conquer in order to extend its rule over the Arabian peninsula?
In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World War II. Besides major infrastructural projects, the colonial authorities invested significantly in the agricultural sector. It also oversaw the provision of urban amenities in Asmara and Massawa, and employed many Eritreans in public service, particularly in the police and public works departments. Thousands of Eritreans were concurrently enlisted in the army, serving during the Italo-Turkish War in Libya as well as the First and second Italo-Abyssinian Wars.

Question: When was the Eritrean Railway completed in Saati? Question: When did the Eritrean Railway reach the Asmara highlands? Question: What was the longest line in the world during its time? Question: Who dismantled the Asmara-Massawa Cableway? Question: In what areas of public service were Eritreans particularly employed?
Following the adoption of UN Resolution 390A(V) in December 1950, Eritrea was federated with Ethiopia under the prompting of the United States. The resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked through a loose federal structure under the sovereignty of the Emperor. Eritrea was to have its own administrative and judicial structure, its own flag, and control over its domestic affairs, including police, local administration, and taxation. The federal government, which for all intents and purposes was the existing imperial government, was to control foreign affairs (including commerce), defense, finance, and transportation. The resolution ignored the wishes of Eritreans for independence, but guaranteed the population democratic rights and a measure of autonomy.

Question: Which UN Resolution called for Eritrea and Ethiopia to be linked via a loose federal structure under sovereignty of the Emperor? Question: Who prompted Eritrea to be federated with Ethiopia in 1950? Question: What would federal government control in Eritrea according to Resolution 390A(V)?? Question: Which Eritrean wishes did Resolution 390A(V) ignore? Question: What did Resolution 390A(V) guarantee the population of Eritrea?
Additionally, the Italian Eritrea administration opened a number of new factories, which produced buttons, cooking oil, pasta, construction materials, packing meat, tobacco, hide and other household commodities. In 1939, there were around 2,198 factories and most of the employees were Eritrean citizens. The establishment of industries also made an increase in the number of both Italians and Eritreans residing in the cities. The number of Italians residing in the territory increased from 4,600 to 75,000 in five years; and with the involvement of Eritreans in the industries, trade and fruit plantation was expanded across the nation, while some of the plantations were owned by Eritreans.

Question: What did the Eritrea administration open to produce products such as buttons and construction materials? Question: How many factories were in Eritrea by 1939? Question: Who were the main employees in the factories of Eritrea? Question: Besides Eritreans, which other nationality increased its city population because of new industries? Question: How much did the number of Italians residing in Eritrea increase in 5 years due to factories being built?
Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudus, klipspringers, African leopards, oryxs and crocodiles., The spotted hyena is widespread and fairly common. Between 1955 and 2001 there were no reported sightings of elephant herds, and they are thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence. In December 2001 a herd of about 30, including 10 juveniles, was observed in the vicinity of the Gash River. The elephants seemed to have formed a symbiotic relationship with olive baboons, with the baboons using the water holes dug by the elephants, while the elephants use the tree-top baboons as an early warning system.

Question: What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region? Question: Which animal herds were thought to have fallen victim to the war of independence? Question: In December 2001, how many elephants were seen in the vicinity of the Gash River? Question: What species did the elephants at the Gash River seem to form a symbiotic relationship with?