derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.

Question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800? Question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016? Question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth? Question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?
Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.

Question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540? Question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control? Question: What did changing the status of the abbey create? Question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?
Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

Question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved? Question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1556? Question: Who is the abbey dedicated to?
The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.

Question: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom? Question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559? Question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it? Question: Who was made the first dean of the new church?
It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

Question: When did the abbey suffer damage? Question: Who attacked the abbey? Question: What protected the abbey? Question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658? Question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?
The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.

Question: When were the western towers built? Question: Who built the western towers of the abbey? Question: What were the two western towers built from? Question: What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey? Question: Under whom did the 19th century rebulding occur?
A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

Question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built? Question: When was the narthex designed? Question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?
Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.

Question: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places? Question: The first third of what was translated at the abbey? Question: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey? Question: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time? Question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?
In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.

Question: What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov? Question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s? Question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997? Question: On what date did the first pope set foot in the abbey? Question: Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?
Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

Question: When was Henry III crowned? Question: Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned? Question: Where was Henry III crowned? Question: Who deemed Henry III's coronation to be improper? Question: Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?
King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scots are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, in Edinburgh Castle, at future coronations it is intended that the Stone will be returned to St Edward's Chair for use during the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

Question: What is the name of the throne used for coronation? Question: What is another name for King Edward's Chair? Question: Who had stolen the Stone of Scone? Question: Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?
Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.

Question: What kind of church is Westminster Abbey? Question: Who governs the church? Question: Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster? Question: Who are the members of the chapter of Westminster? Question: Who assist the chapter of Westminster?
In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff.

Question: When was the office of Priest Vicar created? Question: How many lay vicars are there? Question: How many choristers are there at the abbey?
Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]

Question: Who was Edward the Confessor? Question: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom? Question: When did George II of Great Britain die? Question: Where was Henry VI buried? Question: Where was Richard III buried?
From the Middle Ages, aristocrats were buried inside chapels, while monks and other people associated with the abbey were buried in the cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works. Other poets, writers and musicians were buried or memorialised around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner. Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]

Question: Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages? Question: Henry Purcell was buried where? Question: Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?
Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]

Question: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom? Question: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727? Question: Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1882? Question: Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1833? Question: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?
During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

Question: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains? Question: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated? Question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014? Question: What family has the Northumberland Vault?
In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

Question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?
At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.

Question: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF? Question: The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what? Question: The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was destroyed?
On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not "state" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed]

Question: When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales? Question: When was a second public service held for Princess Diana? Question: Who designed Diana's dress? Question: Who gave Diana the rosary beads?
Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.

Question: What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey? Question: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where? Question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school? Question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?
The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.

Question: Who built the organ? Question: When was the organ built? Question: When was the organ first used? Question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848? Question: Who designed the two organ cases?
In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable.

Question: What part of the organ is not connected or playable?
The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).

Question: When were the bells overhauled? Question: When were the ten bells cast? Question: Who cast the abbey bells? Question: How many bells make up the abbey ring?
In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.

Question: Who cast the two service bells? Question: When were the two service bells cast? Question: When was the Sanctus bell cast? Question: Who cast the Sanctus bell? Question: Where is the "dish bell" kept?
The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.

Question: Under whom was the chapter house built? Question: Who restored the chapter house in 1872?
Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th-century paintings and numerous stone benches above which are innovatory large 4-light quatre-foiled windows. These are virtually contemporary with the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris.

Question: What style is the octagonal chapter house? Question: There is an octagonal what below the chapter house? Question: What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house? Question: What kind of windows are in the chapter house? Question: The architecture of the chapter house is contemporary with what?
The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament.

Question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house? Question: A door in the vestible dates back to when? Question: When were the exterior flying buttresses added? Question: Who else met in the chapter house?
The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.

Question: What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory? Question: When does the Pyx Chamber date to? Question: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?
The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses as well as repairs to the lead light.

Question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom? Question: Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house? Question: English Heritage has funded what for the chapter house?
The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.

Question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory? Question: The area the museum occupies dates back to when? Question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?
The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edward III, Henry VII and his queen, Elizabeth of York, Charles II, William III, Mary II and Queen Anne.

Question: What belonging to Henry V is in the museum? Question: What kind of panels are in the museum?
Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately.[citation needed]

Question: What are the effigies made of? Question: What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing? Question: Who modelled the effigies in the museum?
A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved.

Question: What was recently added to the museum exhibit? Question: What is the Westminster Retable? Question: What was damaged but cleaned and then conserved? Question: What was the altarpiece designed for?
In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, "[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued. In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company.

Question: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009? Question: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued? Question: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what? Question: What kind of furniture is in the restaurant? Question: Who supplied the furniture for the restaurant?
A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.

Question: What will be created in the medieval triforium? Question: What has been designed to help with the gallery? Question: When will the new galleries open?