derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbərn/, AU i/ˈmɛlbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name "Melbourne" refers to the area of urban agglomeration (as well as a census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) which comprises the broader metropolitan area, as well as being the common name for its city centre. The metropolis is located on the large natural bay of Port Phillip and expands into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon mountain ranges, Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. Melbourne consists of 31 municipalities. It has a population of 4,347,955 as of 2013, and its inhabitants are called Melburnians.

Question: What is the most populas city in the Australian state of Victoria? Question: Which city is the capital of Victoria? Question: Which city is the most populous city in Victoria? Question: What is the second most populas city in Australia? Question: Where is the Metropolis? Question: Melbourne consists of how many municipalities? Question: What is the population of Melbourne? Question: What was Melbourne's population in 2013? Question: What are inhabitants of Melbourne called? Question: What are the inhabitants of Melbourne called?
A brash boosterism that had typified Melbourne during this time ended in the early 1890s with a severe depression of the city's economy, sending the local finance and property industries into a period of chaos during which 16 small "land banks" and building societies collapsed, and 133 limited companies went into liquidation. The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor in the Australian economic depression of the 1890s and the Australian banking crisis of 1893. The effects of the depression on the city were profound, with virtually no new construction until the late 1890s.

Question: During what decade did Melbourne suffer a sever economic depression? Question: When did severe depression hit Melbourne's city? Question: What went into liquidation in Melbourne around the 1890's? Question: How many "land banks" and building societies collapsed during the 1890s depression in Melbourne? Question: How many limited companies went into liquidation during the 1890s depression in Melbourne? Question: The Melbourne financial crisis was a contributing factor to what banking crisis in 1893? Question: When did Australia have a banking crisis? Question: When did new construction start in Melbourne? Question: When did new construction start to reimerge after the early 1890s depression in Melbourne?
An influx of interstate and overseas migrants, particularly Irish, German and Chinese, saw the development of slums including a temporary "tent city" established on the southern banks of the Yarra. Chinese migrants founded the Melbourne Chinatown in 1851, which remains the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World. In the aftermath of the Eureka Stockade, mass public support for the plight of the miners resulted in major political changes to the colony, including changes to working conditions across local industries including mining, agriculture and manufacturing. The nationalities involved in the Eureka revolt and Burke and Wills expedition gave an indication of immigration flows in the second half of the nineteenth century.

Question: Which ethninticities contributed an influx of interstate and overseas migrants to Melbourne? Question: What term is given to the slums established on the souther banks of the Yarra? Question: Which community is the longest continuous Chinese settlement in the Western World? Question: In what year was Melbourne Chinatown founded? Question: During the second half of what century did the Burke and Wills expedition give an indication of immigration flows?
The decade began with the Melbourne International Exhibition in 1880, held in the large purpose-built Exhibition Building. In 1880 a telephone exchange was established and in the same year the foundations of St Paul's, were laid; in 1881 electric light was installed in the Eastern Market, and in the following year a generating station capable of supplying 2,000 incandescent lamps was in operation. In 1885 the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system was built, becoming one of the worlds most extensive systems by 1890.

Question: In what building was the Melbourne Internation Exhibition of 1880 held? Question: In what year was a telephone exchange established in Melbourne? Question: When was the first electric light installed in the Eastern Market? Question: In what year was the first line of the Melbourne cable tramway system built?
Melbourne is also prone to isolated convective showers forming when a cold pool crosses the state, especially if there is considerable daytime heating. These showers are often heavy and can contain hail and squalls and significant drops in temperature, but they pass through very quickly at times with a rapid clearing trend to sunny and relatively calm weather and the temperature rising back to what it was before the shower. This often occurs in the space of minutes and can be repeated many times in a day, giving Melbourne a reputation for having "four seasons in one day", a phrase that is part of local popular culture and familiar to many visitors to the city. The lowest temperature on record is −2.8 °C (27.0 °F), on 21 July 1869. The highest temperature recorded in Melbourne city was 46.4 °C (115.5 °F), on 7 February 2009. While snow is occasionally seen at higher elevations in the outskirts of the city, it has not been recorded in the Central Business District since 1986.

Question: What weather phrase has become part of local popular culture in Melbourne and concerns the city's rapid change in weather? Question: What is the lowest temperature on Melbourne's record? Question: On what date did the lowest temperature in Melbourne's records occur? Question: What is Melbourne's highest temperature recorded? Question: On what date was Melbourne's highest temperature recorded?
Melbourne's CBD, compared with other Australian cities, has comparatively unrestricted height limits and as a result of waves of post-war development contains five of the six tallest buildings in Australia, the tallest of which is the Eureka Tower, situated in Southbank. It has an observation deck near the top from where you can see above all of Melbourne's structures. The Rialto tower, the city's second tallest, remains the tallest building in the old CBD; its observation deck for visitors has recently closed.

Question: What is the tallest tower in Australia? Question: On which of Melbourne's banks is the Eureka Tower located? Question: Which tower is Melbourne's second tallest? Question: What building is the tallest building in the old CBD? Question: Is the observation deck in The Rialto currently opened or closed?
Since the mid-1990s, Melbourne has maintained significant population and employment growth. There has been substantial international investment in the city's industries and property market. Major inner-city urban renewal has occurred in areas such as Southbank, Port Melbourne, Melbourne Docklands and more recently, South Wharf. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, Melbourne sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate of any Australian capital city in the three years ended June 2004. These factors have led to population growth and further suburban expansion through the 2000s.

Question: To what areas has Melbourne dedicated substantial international investment? Question: In what areas has major inner-city urban renewal occurred? Question: Melbourne has sustained the highest population increase and economic growth rate in any Australian city according to what organization? Question: How many years did Melbourne sustain the highest population increase and economic growth?
Melbourne is experiencing high population growth, generating high demand for housing. This housing boom has increased house prices and rents, as well as the availability of all types of housing. Subdivision regularly occurs in the outer areas of Melbourne, with numerous developers offering house and land packages. However, after 10 years[when?] of planning policies to encourage medium-density and high-density development in existing areas with greater access to public transport and other services, Melbourne's middle and outer-ring suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment.

Question: What is generating high demand for housing in Melbourne? Question: What effect has the housing boom had on house prices and rents? Question: What types of surburban development did Melbourne policies promote? Question: Which of Melbourne's suburbs have seen significant brownfields redevelopment in recent years?
Founded by free settlers from the British Crown colony of Van Diemen's Land on 30 August 1835, in what was then the colony of New South Wales, it was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837. It was named "Melbourne" by the Governor of New South Wales, Sir Richard Bourke, in honour of the British Prime Minister of the day, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne. It was officially declared a city by Queen Victoria in 1847, after which it became the capital of the newly founded colony of Victoria in 1851. During the Victorian gold rush of the 1850s, it was transformed into one of the world's largest and wealthiest cities. After the federation of Australia in 1901, it served as the nation's interim seat of government until 1927.

Question: Who was Melbourne named by? Question: Who was Melbourne named in honor of? Question: What year was Melbourne officially declared a city? Question: Melbourne became the capital of what colony in 1851? Question: What year did Melbourne cease in serving as the nations interim seat of government?
In response to attribution of recent climate change, the City of Melbourne, in 2002, set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero by 2020 and Moreland City Council established the Zero Moreland program, however not all metropolitan municipalities have followed, with the City of Glen Eira notably deciding in 2009 not to become carbon neutral. Melbourne has one of the largest urban footprints in the world due to its low density housing, resulting in a vast suburban sprawl, with a high level of car dependence and minimal public transport outside of inner areas. Much of the vegetation within the city are non-native species, most of European origin, and in many cases plays host to invasive species and noxious weeds. Significant introduced urban pests include the common myna, feral pigeon, brown rat, European wasp, common starling and red fox. Many outlying suburbs, particularly towards the Yarra Valley and the hills to the north-east and east, have gone for extended periods without regenerative fires leading to a lack of saplings and undergrowth in urbanised native bushland. The Department of Sustainability and Environment partially addresses this problem by regularly burning off. Several national parks have been designated around the urban area of Melbourne, including the Mornington Peninsula National Park, Port Phillip Heads Marine National Park and Point Nepean National Park in the south east, Organ Pipes National Park to the north and Dandenong Ranges National Park to the east. There are also a number of significant state parks just outside Melbourne. Responsibility for regulating pollution falls under the jurisdiction of the EPA Victoria and several local councils. Air pollution, by world standards, is classified as being good. Summer and autumn are the worst times of year for atmospheric haze in the urban area.

Question: In what year did Melbourne set a target to reduce carbon emissions to net zero? Question: By what year did Melbourne state it wished to be completely carbon neutral? Question: Which city notably opted not to become carbon neutral in 2009? Question: Does Melbourne have one of the largest or smallest carbon footprints in the world? Question: Who is responsible for regulating pollution in Melbourne?
In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014.

Question: How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia? Question: Who designed the Rialto Building in 1889? Question: Who designed the Winfield Building in 1890? Question: Which building was listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014? Question: In what year was the Eureka Tower completed?
In May and June 1835, the area which is now central and northern Melbourne was explored by John Batman, a leading member of the Port Phillip Association in Van Diemen's Land (now known as Tasmania), who claimed to have negotiated a purchase of 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) with eight Wurundjeri elders. Batman selected a site on the northern bank of the Yarra River, declaring that "this will be the place for a village". Batman then returned to Launceston in Tasmania. In early August 1835 a different group of settlers, including John Pascoe Fawkner, left Launceston on the ship Enterprize. Fawkner was forced to disembark at Georgetown, Tasmania, because of outstanding debts. The remainder of the party continued and arrived at the mouth of the Yarra River on 15 August 1835. On 30 August 1835 the party disembarked and established a settlement at the site of the current Melbourne Immigration Museum. Batman and his group arrived on 2 September 1835 and the two groups ultimately agreed to share the settlement.

Question: Current central and northern Melbourne was explored by whom? Question: Tasmania was formerly known as what? Question: How many acres did John Batman claim to purchase? Question: How many elders did John Batman claim to have negotiated with? Question: On what date did Batman reach Melbourne?
Melbourne is typical of Australian capital cities in that after the turn of the 20th century, it expanded with the underlying notion of a 'quarter acre home and garden' for every family, often referred to locally as the Australian Dream. This, coupled with the popularity of the private automobile after 1945, led to the auto-centric urban structure now present today in the middle and outer suburbs. Much of metropolitan Melbourne is accordingly characterised by low density sprawl, whilst its inner city areas feature predominantly medium-density, transit-oriented urban forms. The city centre, Docklands, St. Kilda Road and Southbank areas feature high-density forms.

Question: What is locally referred to as the Australian Dream? Question: Which year marked the start of the private automobile's popularity increase? Question: Is much of Melbourne's metropolitan area characterized as low-density sprawl or high-density sprawl? Question: Do the Docklands, St. Kilda Road, and Southbank areas feature high-density or low-density forms?
With the wealth brought on by the gold rush following closely on the heels of the establishment of Victoria as a separate colony and the subsequent need for public buildings, a program of grand civic construction soon began. The 1850s and 1860s saw the commencement of Parliament House, the Treasury Building, the Old Melbourne Gaol, Victoria Barracks, the State Library, University, General Post Office, Customs House, the Melbourne Town Hall, St Patrick's cathedral, though many remained uncompleted for decades, with some still not finished.

Question: Melbourne's weath was due in part to what event? Question: When Victoria was established as a seperate colony, the need for what followed? Question: During what two decades were the Parliament House, Treasury Building, Victoria Barracks, State Library, and General Post Office commenced?
Melbourne's rich and diverse literary history was recognised in 2008 when it became the second UNESCO City of Literature. The State Library of Victoria is one of Australia's oldest cultural institutions and one of many public and university libraries across the city. Melbourne also has Australia's widest range of bookstores, as well the nation's largest publishing sector. The city is home to significant writers' festivals, most notably the Melbourne Writers Festival. Several major literary prizes are open to local writers including the Melbourne Prize for Literature and the Victorian Premier's Literary Awards. Significant novels set in Melbourne include Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Helen Garner's Monkey Grip and Christos Tsiolkas' The Slap. Notable writers and poets from Melbourne include Thomas Browne, C. J. Dennis, Germaine Greer and Peter Carey.

Question: Which writer's festival is home to Melbourne? Question: What type of work are The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap? Question: What do the novels The Mystery of a Hansom Cab, Monkey Grip, and The Slap have in common? Question: What occupation to Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne hold? Question: Where are Peter Carey, Germaine Greer, and Thomas Browne from?
During a visit in 1885 English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and is still used today by Melburnians. Growing building activity culminated in a "land boom" which, in 1888, reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value. As a result of the boom, large commercial buildings, coffee palaces, terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators, resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings; most notably the APA Building, amongst the world's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889. This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network.

Question: Which phrase was coined by George Augustus Henry Sala during a visit to Melbourne in 1885? Question: In what year did the land boom reach its peak of development? Question: In what year was a hydraulic facility established? Question: What did Melbourne's hydraulic facilities help create that spurred high-rise developments? Question: In what year was the APA Building completed?
Melbourne rates highly in education, entertainment, health care, research and development, tourism and sport, making it the world's most liveable city—for the fifth year in a row in 2015, according to the Economist Intelligence Unit. It is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region, and ranks among the top 30 cities in the world in the Global Financial Centres Index. Referred to as Australia's "cultural capital", it is the birthplace of Australian impressionism, Australian rules football, the Australian film and television industries, and Australian contemporary dance such as the Melbourne Shuffle. It is recognised as a UNESCO City of Literature and a major centre for street art, music and theatre. It is home to many of Australia's largest and oldest cultural institutions such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground, the National Gallery of Victoria, the State Library of Victoria and the UNESCO World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building.

Question: For how many years has Melbourne been considered the world's most liveable city? Question: Melbourne is the world's most liveable city according to whom? Question: What is one example of Australian contemporary dance? Question: Which city is referred to as Australia's cultural capital?
Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne was ranked the world's fourth top university city in 2008 after London, Boston and Tokyo in a poll commissioned by the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology. Melbourne is the home of seven public universities: the University of Melbourne, Monash University, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT University), Deakin University, La Trobe University, Swinburne University of Technology and Victoria University.

Question: How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking? Question: Has there been a recent increase or decrease in international students studying in Melbourne? Question: According to the Toyal Melbourne Institute of Technology, how did Melborne rank as a top university city in 2008? Question: How many public universities are located in Melbourne? Question: Is the University of Melbourne a public or private institution?
Height limits in the Melbourne CBD were lifted in 1958, after the construction of ICI House, transforming the city's skyline with the introduction of skyscrapers. Suburban expansion then intensified, serviced by new indoor malls beginning with Chadstone Shopping Centre. The post-war period also saw a major renewal of the CBD and St Kilda Road which significantly modernised the city. New fire regulations and redevelopment saw most of the taller pre-war CBD buildings either demolished or partially retained through a policy of facadism. Many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era were also either demolished or subdivided.

Question: In what year were height limits lifted in the Melbourne CBD? Question: Which was the first new indoor mall in Melbourne? Question: Which two areas saw a significant renewal after the post-war period and significantly modernised the city? Question: What happened to many of the larger suburban mansions from the boom era?
Melbourne is notable as the host city for the 1956 Summer Olympic Games (the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere and Oceania, with all previous games held in Europe and the United States), along with the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Melbourne is so far the southernmost city to host the games. The city is home to three major annual international sporting events: the Australian Open (one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments); the Melbourne Cup (horse racing); and the Australian Grand Prix (Formula One). Also, the Australian Masters golf tournament is held at Melbourne since 1979, having been co-sanctioned by the European Tour from 2006 to 2009. Melbourne was proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City", in 2006, 2008 and 2010. The city is home to the National Sports Museum, which until 2003 was located outside the members pavilion at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. It reopened in 2008 in the Olympic Stand.

Question: In what year was Melbourne the host city for the first Olympic Games held in the southern hemisphere? Question: Previous to Melbourne, where were all Olympic games held? Question: Which city is so far the southernmost city to host the Olympic Games? Question: In what three years was Melbourne proclaimed the "World's Ultimate Sports City"? Question: Where did the National Sports Museum reopen in 2008?