derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Saint FM Community Radio took over the radio channels vacated by Saint FM and launched on 10 March 2013. The station operates as a limited-by-guarantee company owned by its members and is registered as a fund-raising Association. Membership is open to everyone, and grants access to a live audio stream.

Question: Which company took over the channels vacated by Saint FM? Question: What date did Saint FM Community Radio launch? Question: What kind of people can join Saint Fm Radio Community?
St Helena Online is a not-for-profit internet news service run from the UK by a former print and BBC journalist, working in partnership with Saint FM and the St Helena Independent.

Question: Who runs Saint Helena online? Question: Who is partnered with Saint Helena online?
Sure South Atlantic Ltd ("Sure") offers television for the island via 17 analogue terrestrial UHF channels, offering a mix of British, US, and South African programming. The channels are from DSTV and include Mnet, SuperSport and BBC channels. The feed signal, from MultiChoice DStv in South Africa, is received by a satellite dish at Bryant's Beacon from Intelsat 7 in the Ku band.

Question: What does Sure South Atlantic LTD offer? Question: How many analogue terrestrial UHF channels does Sure South Atlantic LTD have? Question: What is the feed signal of Sure South Atlantic received by?
SURE provide the telecommunications service in the territory through a digital copper-based telephone network including ADSL-broadband service. In August 2011 the first fibre-optic link has been installed on the island, which connects the television receive antennas at Bryant's Beacon to the Cable & Wireless Technical Centre in the Briars.

Question: SURE provides what kind of service to the territory? Question: What kind of network does SURE provide it's service from? Question: When was the first fibre-optic network installed?
A satellite ground station with a 7.6-metre (25 ft) satellite dish installed in 1989 at The Briars is the only international connection providing satellite links through Intelsat 707 to Ascension island and the United Kingdom. Since all international telephone and internet communications are relying on this single satellite link both internet and telephone service are subject to sun outages.

Question: How big is the satellite dish at the satellite ground station in feet? Question: When was the satellite dish installed? Question: Where was the satellite dish installed? Question: Both telephone and internet services are subject to what?
Saint Helena has the international calling code +290 which, since 2006, Tristan da Cunha shares. Saint Helena telephone numbers changed from 4 to 5 digits on 1 October 2013 by being prefixed with the digit "2", i.e. 2xxxx, with the range 5xxxx being reserved for mobile numbering, and 8xxx being used for Tristan da Cunha numbers (these still shown as 4 digits).

Question: What is the international calling code for Saint Helena? Question: What digit are Saint Helena phone numbers prefixed with? Question: Who shares the calling code +290 with Saint Helena? Question: How many digits did Saint Helena change their phone numbers to? Question: When did Saint Helena change the amount of digits in their phone numbers?
Saint Helena has a 10/3.6 Mbit/s internet link via Intelsat 707 provided by SURE. Serving a population of more than 4,000, this single satellite link is considered inadequate in terms of bandwidth.

Question: What speed is Saint Helena internet access? Question: How many satellites provide the link to the internet? Question: What is the internet service provided through? Question: Who provides the internet service in Saint Helena? Question: What kind of population does SURE service?
ADSL-broadband service is provided with maximum speeds of up to 1536 KBit/s downstream and 512 KBit/s upstream offered on contract levels from lite £16 per month to gold+ at £190 per month. There are a few public WiFi hotspots in Jamestown, which are also being operated by SURE (formerly Cable & Wireless).

Question: What kind of broadband service is provided on the island? Question: What is the maximum speed of the broadband service? Question: What is the lite price of the broadband service? Question: What is the gold price of the broadband service? Question: What location has a few public wifi spots available to the public?
The South Atlantic Express, a 10,000 km (6,214 mi) submarine communications cable connecting Africa to South America, run by the undersea fibre optic provider eFive, will pass St Helena relatively closely. There were no plans to land the cable and install a landing station ashore, which could supply St Helena's population with sufficient bandwidth to fully leverage the benefits of today's Information Society. In January 2012, a group of supporters petitioned the UK government to meet the cost of landing the cable at St Helena. On 6 October 2012, eFive agreed to reroute the cable through St. Helena after a successful lobbying campaign by A Human Right, a San Francisco-based NGA working on initiatives to ensure all people are connected to the Internet. Islanders have sought the assistance of the UK Department for International Development and Foreign and Commonwealth Office in funding the £10m required to bridge the connection from a local junction box on the cable to the island. The UK Government have announced that a review of the island's economy would be required before such funding would be agreed to.

Question: How long is the South Atlantic Express in miles? Question: Who runs the South Atlantic Express? Question: On what date did eFive announce they would reroute the cable through Saint Helena? Question: Who lobbied for the cable reroute into South Helena?
The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012.

Question: How many local newspapers does the island have? Question: Where are both newspapers available? Question: Since when has the St Helena Independent been published? Question: When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced?
Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16  The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in primary school and 286 in secondary school.

Question: What are the 3 primary schools called? Question: What is the name of the secondary school for the island? Question: How many students were enrolled in primary school in 2010? Question: How many primary schools does the island have?
The Education and Employment Directorate also offers programmes for students with special needs, vocational training, adult education, evening classes, and distance learning. The island has a public library (the oldest in the Southern Hemisphere) and a mobile library service which operates weekly rural areas.

Question: Who provides programs to students with special needs? Question: When does the mobile library service operate?
The UK national curriculum is adapted for local use. A range of qualifications are offered – from GCSE, A/S and A2, to Level 3 Diplomas and VRQ qualifications:

Question: What curriculum does the island adapt? Question: What are the qualifications offered?
Sports played on the island include football, cricket, volleyball, tennis, golf, motocross, shooting sports and yachting. Saint Helena has sent teams to a number of Commonwealth Games. Saint Helena is a member of the International Island Games Association. The Saint Helena cricket team made its debut in international cricket in Division Three of the African region of the World Cricket League in 2011.

Question: Saint Helena is a member of what kind of association? Question: Where did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket? Question: When did the Saint Helena cricket team make it's debut in international cricket?
The Governor's Cup is a yacht race between Cape Town and Saint Helena island, held every two years in December/January; the most recent event was in December 2010. In Jamestown a timed run takes place up Jacob's Ladder every year, with people coming from all over the world to take part.

Question: Where does the Governor's cup take place? Question: What months does the Governor's cup take place? Question: When did the most recent Governor's cup take place?
There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

Question: What kind of groups are on Saint Helena and Ascension Island? Question: When was Scouting established on Saint Helena? Question: Who visited the scouts on their return from the tour of Africa in 1937? Question: What book describes Lord and Lady Baden-Powel's visit?
In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.

Question: Aspiration and preaspiration are used in what? Question: Aspirated consonants are what in English? Question: What are two language types where the difference is contrastive?
To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin.

Question: In English the first consonant in "pin" is what? Question: With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?
In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩. For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represents the aspirated bilabial stop.

Question: What does IPA stand for? Question: What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop? Question: Written IPA consonants use symbols for what? Question: pʰ represents what?
Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated. Symbols for voiced consonants followed by ⟨◌ʰ⟩, such as ⟨bʰ⟩, typically represent consonants with breathy voiced release (see below). In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called voiced aspirated.

Question: What is not often aspirated? Question: The symbol followed by bʰ would likely mean the consonant has what type of release? Question: Voiced aspirated consonants are what type?
There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.

Question: There are no IPA symbols for what? Question: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration? Question: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length? Question: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?
Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop.

Question: A preaspirated consonant is marked how? Question: What represents a preaspirated bilabial stop?
Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩, a superscript equal sign: ⟨t˭⟩. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩.

Question: How are unaspirated or tenuis consonants sometimes marked for unaspiration? Question: What is the superscript equal sign? Question: Most often, unaspirated consonants are what? Question: How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?
Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.

Question: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate? Question: What is created when vocal folds are slightly closed and vibrate? Question: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?
Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.

Question: Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what? Question: In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?
Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.

Question: In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what? Question: Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?
Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)

Question: As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?
Aspiration varies with place of articulation. The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice-onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/.

Question: Aspiration alters with what?
When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiration.

Question: What happens when an aspirated consonant is doubled or geminated? Question: What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release?
Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:

Question: What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]? Question: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too? Question: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?
Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

Question: The Sami tongue also has what? Question: Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?
Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

Question: How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?
True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

Question: Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what? Question: True aspirated consonants are considered what? Question: True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?
Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

Question: What has a different significance in various languages? Question: What two forms can aspiration be in?
In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

Question: Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages? Question: How are stops distinguished? Question: Voiceless stops are at times what? Question: Voiced stops are most often what?
They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

Question: When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers? Question: If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what? Question: If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what? Question: If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?
In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

Question: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what? Question: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?
In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

Question: If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts? Question: How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?
Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

Question: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what? Question: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what? Question: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?
Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

Question: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates? Question: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese? Question: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with? Question: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?
Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

Question: How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have? Question: What is another term for voice-aspirated? Question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?
Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

Question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages? Question: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?
Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

Question: What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced? Question: Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what? Question: The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?
Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians.

Question: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what? Question: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian? Question: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?
There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /kʷʰ/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment.

Question: What is the representation for the three places of articulation? Question: Earlier Greek was represented by what? Question: Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things?
The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis).

Question: Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time? Question: Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period? Question: Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?