derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension.

Question: Which war transformed many colleges, including Northwestern? Question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses? Question: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war? Question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948? Question: In 1978, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?
Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.

Question: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities declined in the 70's and 80's? Question: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death? Question: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 10 men? Question: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates would be commuted?
The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: ο λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας (The Word full of grace and truth). Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892, replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.

Question: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal? Question: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an open book on the seal mean? Question: What has been Northwestern's official color since 1892? Question: Why did Northwestern replace it's original official colors of black and gold? Question: What color besides purple is often considered an official color of Northwestern?
Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north-south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North and South Campuses have noticeably different atmospheres, owing to the predominance of Science and Athletics in the one and Humanities and Arts in the other. North Campus is home to the fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center and other athletic facilities, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, and other science-related buildings including Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center. South Campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall and other music buildings, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, and the sorority quads. In the 1960s, the University created an additional 84 acres (34.0 ha) by means of a lakefill in Lake Michigan. Among some of the buildings located on these broad new acres are University Library, Norris University Center (the student union), and Pick-Staiger Concert Hall.

Question: Which campus holds the undergraduate schools, the Graduate school, and the Kellogg school of Management? Question: What is noticably different between Northwestern's North and South Campuses? Question: Which campus is home to the fraternity quads? Question: Which campus is home to the music and art buildings? Question: How did Northwestern create 84 additional acres in the 1960's?
The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.

Question: What is the name of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train through Evanston? Question: What was Chicago's Purple Line train route named after? Question: Which train stations are within walking distance of the southern end of campus? Question: Which train station is close to the northern end of campus? Question: What is the name of Northwestern's football stadium?
Founded at various times in the university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago. In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.44 ha) of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920. The architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create a master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building which would house the medical and dental schools and to create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance. The building would become the first university skyscraper in the United States. In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law. The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorne Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939. In October 2013, Northwestern began the demolition of the architecturally significant Prentice Women's Hospital. Eric G. Neilson, dean of the medical school, penned an op-ed that equated retaining the building with loss of life.

Question: In 1920, how many acres were purchased for $8 million for a new central Chicago campus? Question: What style did architect James Gamble Rogers use for the principal buildings on the new Chicago campus? Question: Who donated $8 million in 1923 for the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building? Question: Which building became the first university skyscraper in the U.S.? Question: What two schools were housed in the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building?
In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027-2028 academic year.

Question: What branch did Northwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar? Question: What bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the Medill School of Journalism? Question: What bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the School of Communication? Question: Who provided the funding for the construction and administrative costs for NU-Q? Question: How long is the NU-Q branch of Northwestern scheduled to operate through an agreement in 2016?
In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a "B-" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.

Question: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy? Question: Who sponsored the Green Power Partnership? Question: How much of the university's total annual electric bill is represented by the green power commitment? Question: Which EPA club is Northwestern University included in? Question: What grade was given to Northwestern on the 2010 College Sustainability Report Card  by The Sustainable Endowments Institute?
Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.

Question: What is the required certification for all Northwestern buildings? Question: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all new construction and renovations? Question: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline? Question: How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly? Question: How is all university landscape waste used?
Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having succeeded Henry Bienen whose 14-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009. The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairs of the standing faculty committee report.

Question: Who governs Northwestern? Question: How many members are on Northwestern's Board of Trustees? Question: Who does the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to? Question: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Northwestern had? Question: Who has a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?
Northwestern is a large, residential research university. Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs. Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013.

Question: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Northwestern? Question: How many graduate and professional programs are offered by Northwestern? Question: How many bachelor's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term? Question: How many master's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term? Question: How many doctoral degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.

Question: Which 4-year program comprises the majority of enrollments at Northwestern? Question: Who sets individual degree requirements at Northwestern? Question: How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern? Question: How many courses do undergrads typically take each quarter? Question: How many quarters are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?
Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships. The University processed in excess of $472 million in financial aid for the 2009–2010 academic year. This included $265 million in institutional funds, with the remainder coming from federal and state governments and private organizations and individuals. Northwestern scholarship programs for undergraduate students support needy students from a variety of income and backgrounds. Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates had received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.

Question: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year? Question: On what basis does Northwestern award financial aid? Question: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2009-2010 academic year? Question: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans? Question: What was the average debt for the June 2010 graduates?
In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are in economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. While professional students are affiliated with their respective schools, the School of Professional Studies offers master's and bachelor's degree, and certificate programs tailored to the professional studies. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.

Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in? Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in? Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in? Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in? Question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

Question: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report? Question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016? Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading? Question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math? Question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class?
In April 2016, Northwestern announced that it signed on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative. Through this partnership, Northwestern is one of 15 Illinois public and private universities that will "provide scholarships to students who graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program." The partnership was influenced by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school district. The University of Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, the School of the Art Institute, DePaul University and Loyola University are also part of the Star Scholars partnership.

Question: What City College initiative did Northwestern announce signing on with in 2016? Question: Through the Chicago Star Partnership, what is provided to students from Chicago public schools that meet further educational criteria? Question: Who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school districts? Question: Which mayor influenced the Chicago Star Partnership?
The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.

Question: How many libraries are on the Evanston campus? Question: How many volumes does the University Library contain? Question: How does the University Library rank among North American university libraries? Question: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Northwesern library system? Question: What does the Google Book Search project help libraries with?