derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
The coup completed, the RCC proceeded with their intentions of consolidating the revolutionary government and modernizing the country. They purged monarchists and members of Idris' Senussi clan from Libya's political world and armed forces; Gaddafi believed this elite were opposed to the will of the Libyan people and had to be expunged. "People's Courts" were founded to try various monarchist politicians and journalists, and though many were imprisoned, none were executed. Idris was sentenced to execution in absentia.

Question: What did the RCC do with remnants of the monarchy? Question: Along with the Senussi, who was purged from the military? Question: What clan was King Idris part of? Question: How did Gaddafi view the elite? Question: What happened to the monarchists and and journalists? Question: Along with journalists, who was tried in the People's Courts? Question: How many people were executed by the People's Courts? Question: What happened to Idris? Question: What sentence was given to the absent King Idris?
In May 1970, the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar was held to bring intellectuals in line with the revolution, while that year's Legislative Review and Amendment united secular and religious law codes, introducing sharia into the legal system. Ruling by decree, the RCC maintained the monarchy's ban on political parties, in May 1970 banned trade unions, and in 1972 outlawed workers' strikes and suspended newspapers. In September 1971, Gaddafi resigned, claiming to be dissatisfied with the pace of reform, but returned to his position within a month. In February 1973, he resigned again, once more returning the following month.

Question: In what year did the Revolutionary Intellectuals Seminar occur? Question: What was the impact of incorporating the sharia into the legal system? Question: What was the RCC's view of political parties? Question: What did the RCC outlaw in 1970? Question: What publications were shut down 1972? Question: What did Gaddafi do in 1971? Question: In what month and year did Gaddafi first resign? Question: What did Gaddafi do in 1973? Question: In what year did Gaddafi's second resignation occur?
With crude oil as the country's primary export, Gaddafi sought to improve Libya's oil sector. In October 1969, he proclaimed the current trade terms unfair, benefiting foreign corporations more than the Libyan state, and by threatening to reduce production, in December Jalloud successfully increased the price of Libyan oil. In 1970, other OPEC states followed suit, leading to a global increase in the price of crude oil. The RCC followed with the Tripoli Agreement, in which they secured income tax, back-payments and better pricing from the oil corporations; these measures brought Libya an estimated $1 billion in additional revenues in its first year.

Question: What was Libya's main export? Question: What was the main export of Libya? Question: Who was responsible for raising the price of Libyan oil in 1969? Question: How did Gaddafi's decisions in the oil industry impact other OPEC states? Question: What organization of oil producers was Libya a part of? Question: How much money did Libya accrue in a year as a result of the Tripoli Agreement?
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationalized. For Gaddafi, this was an important step towards socialism. It proved an economic success; while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979. In turn, the Libyans' standard of life greatly improved over the first decade of Gaddafi's administration, and by 1979 the average per-capita income was at $8,170, up from $40 in 1951; this was above the average of many industrialized countries like Italy and the U.K.

Question: How did the RCC begin their march toward nationalization? Question: What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971? Question: What decision allowed Gaddafi to move Libya closer to socialism? Question: In what month and year was a blanket nationalization of foreign oil production proclaimed? Question: How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? Question: What was Libya's GDP in 1969? Question: In what year did Libya have a GDP of $24.5 billion? Question: In 1979, how much did the average per capita income change for Libyans? Question: What was Libya's per-capita income in 1951?
The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative boundaries were re-drawn, crossing tribal boundaries, while pro-revolutionary modernizers replaced traditional leaders, but the communities they served often rejected them. Realizing the failures of the modernizers, Gaddafi created the Arab Socialist Union (ASU), a mass mobilization vanguard party of which he was president. The ASU recognized the RCC as its "Supreme Leading Authority", and was designed to further revolutionary enthusiasm throughout the country.

Question: What identities did the RCC try to dissuade? Question: What sort of identity was promoted by the RCC? Question: Where was the military court located that tried the tribal leaders in 1971? Question: What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971? Question: Of what party did Gaddafi become president in this period?
The RCC implemented measures for social reform, adopting sharia as a basis. The consumption of alcohol was banned, night clubs and Christian churches were shut down, traditional Libyan dress was encouraged, while Arabic was decreed as the only language permitted in official communications and on road signs. From 1969 to 1973, the RCC introduced social welfare programs funded with oil money, which led to house-building projects and improved healthcare and education. In doing so, they greatly expanded the public sector, providing employment for thousands.

Question: On what philosophy was the RCC's social reforms based? Question: What beverage did the Libyan government ban? Question: What religion was suppressed in Libya? Question: What language was used in official communications by the government of Libya? Question: During what period were oil-funded programs for social welfare created?
The influence of Nasser's Arab nationalism over the RCC was immediately apparent. The administration was instantly recognized by the neighbouring Arab nationalist regimes in Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Sudan, with Egypt sending experts to aid the inexperienced RCC. Gaddafi propounded Pan-Arab ideas, proclaiming the need for a single Arab state stretching across North Africa and the Middle East. In December 1969, Libya founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Egypt and Sudan as a step towards political unification, and in 1970 Syria stated its intention to join.

Question: What Arab nationalist thinker was influential with the RCC? Question: What philosophy influenced the RCC? Question: Along with Egypt, Iraq and Sudan, what country's Arab nationalist government recognized the Libyan revolutionary government? Question: In what year was the Arab Revolutionary Front founded? Question: What countries founded the Arab Revolutionary Front with Libya?
After Nasser died in November 1970, his successor, Anwar Sadat, suggested that rather than a unified state, they create a political federation, implemented in April 1971; in doing so, Egypt, Syria and Sudan got large grants of Libyan oil money. In February 1972, Gaddafi and Sadat signed an unofficial charter of merger, but it was never implemented as relations broke down the following year. Sadat became increasingly wary of Libya's radical direction, and the September 1973 deadline for implementing the Federation passed by with no action taken.

Question: Who did Anwar Sadat succeed? Question: What was the alternative to creating an Arab political federation? Question: Along with Libya, what nations joined the political federation? Question: In what year was the merger charter signed? Question: When did the federation have to be implemented by?
After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instability. Hoping to ingratiate themselves with Gaddafi, in 1970 the U.S. informed him of at least one planned counter-coup. Such attempts to form a working relationship with the RCC failed; Gaddafi was determined to reassert national sovereignty and expunge what he described as foreign colonial and imperialist influences. His administration insisted that the U.S. and U.K. remove their military bases from Libya, with Gaddafi proclaiming that "the armed forces which rose to express the people's revolution [will not] tolerate living in their shacks while the bases of imperialism exist in Libyan territory." The British left in March and the Americans in June 1970.

Question: What nations comprised the Four Powers? Question: Along with the U.S., what major power recognized Gaddafi's government at an early date? Question: Who told Gaddafi about a possible counter-coup in 1970? Question: Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970? Question: In what month and year did the United States remove its military bases from Libya?
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to allow NATO to use its land for a military base, in turn offering them foreign aid. Compromising, Malta's government continued allowing NATO use of the island, but only on the condition that they would not use it for launching attacks on Arab territory. Orchestrating a military build-up, the RCC began purchasing weapons from France and the Soviet Union. The commercial relationship with the latter led to an increasingly strained relationship with the U.S., who were then engaged in the Cold War with the Soviets.

Question: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970? Question: In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970? Question: Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971? Question: Who did the RCC buy military equipment from? Question: Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?
His relationship with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat of Fatah was strained, with Gaddafi considering him too moderate and calling for more violent action. Instead he supported militia like the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, As-Sa'iqa, the Palestinian Popular Struggle Front, and the Abu Nidal Organization. He funded the Black September Organization who perpetrated the 1972 Munich massacre of Israeli athletes in West Germany, and had the killed militants' bodies flown to Libya for a hero's funeral. Gaddafi also welcomed the three surviving attackers in Tripoli following their release in exchange for the hostages of hijacked Lufthansa Flight 615 a few weeks later and allowed them to go into hiding.

Question: What Palestinian political figure had a poor relationship with Gaddafi? Question: What organization did Arafat belong to? Question: Who was responsible for the attack on Israeli athletes in 1972? Question: In what city did the 1972 attack on Israeli athletes occur? Question: How many terrorists survived the 1972 Munich attack?
Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional Irish Republican Army, ETA, Sardinian nationalists, Action directe, the Red Brigades, and the Red Army Faction in Europe, and the Armenian Secret Army, Japanese Red Army, Free Aceh Movement, and Moro National Liberation Front in Asia. Gaddafi was indiscriminate in the causes he funded, sometimes switching from supporting one side in a conflict to the other, as in the Eritrean War of Independence. Throughout the 1970s these groups received financial support from Libya, which came to be seen as a leader in the Third World's struggle against colonialism and neocolonialism. Though many of these groups were labelled "terrorists" by critics of their activities, Gaddafi rejected such a characterisation, instead considering them revolutionaries engaged in liberation struggles.

Question: What was the ANC combating? Question: On what continent did the Red Army Faction operate? Question: During what conflict did Gaddafi notably switch sides? Question: During what decade did Libya finance militant groups? Question: What was the Third World fighting against in the 1970s?
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of "poisonous" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.

Question: On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"? Question: How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have? Question: What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech? Question: What type of revolution began as a result of the third point? Question: Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?
As part of this Popular Revolution, Gaddafi invited Libya's people to found General People's Committees as conduits for raising political consciousness. Although offering little guidance for how to set up these councils, Gaddafi claimed that they would offer a form of direct political participation that was more democratic than a traditional party-based representative system. He hoped that the councils would mobilize the people behind the RCC, erode the power of the traditional leaders and the bureaucracy, and allow for a new legal system chosen by the people.

Question: What were the Libyan people instructed to create in conjunction with the Popular Revolution? Question: What political system did Gaddafi claim was less democratic than the General People's Committees? Question: Along with the bureaucracy, who were the General People's Committees directed at?
The People's Committees led to a high percentage of public involvement in decision making, within the limits permitted by the RCC, but exacerbated tribal divisions. They also served as a surveillance system, aiding the security services in locating individuals with views critical of the RCC, leading to the arrest of Ba'athists, Marxists and Islamists. Operating in a pyramid structure, the base form of these Committees were local working groups, who sent elected representatives to the district level, and from there to the national level, divided between the General People's Congress and the General People's Committee. Above these remained Gaddafi and the RCC, who remained responsible for all major decisions.

Question: What negative consequence did the People's Committees lead to? Question: Along with Ba'athists and Islamists, who was arrested as a result of the actions of the People's Committees? Question: What kind of structure did the People's Committee system use? Question: Along with the General People's Congress, what national body represented the People's Committees?
In June 1973, Gaddafi created a political ideology as a basis for the Popular Revolution. Third International Theory considered the U.S. and the Soviet Union as imperialist, thus rejected Western capitalism as well as Eastern bloc communism's atheism. In this respect it was similar to the Three Worlds Theory developed by China's political leader Mao Zedong. As part of this theory, Gaddafi praised nationalism as a progressive force and advocated the creation of a pan-Arab state which would lead the Islamic and Third Worlds against imperialism.

Question: In what month and year did Gaddafi begin Third International Theory? Question: Along with the United States, what country did Gaddafi believe to be imperialist? Question: What economic philosophy was associated with the West? Question: Who was the founder of Three Worlds Theory? Question: What sort of state did Gaddafi believe should be founded?
Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU.

Question: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes? Question: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published? Question: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings? Question: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy? Question: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book?
In September 1975, Gaddafi purged the army, arresting around 200 senior officers, and in October he founded the clandestine Office for the Security of the Revolution. In 1976, student demonstrations broke out in Tripoli and Benghazi, and were attacked by police and Gaddafist students. The RCC responded with mass arrests, and introduced compulsory national service for young people. Dissent also arose from conservative clerics and the Muslim Brotherhood, who were persecuted as anti-revolutionary. In January 1977, two dissenting students and a number of army officers were publicly hanged; Amnesty International condemned it as the first time in Gaddafist Libya that dissenters had been executed for purely political crimes.

Question: In what year was the Office for the Security of the Revolution founded? Question: How many senior officers were expelled fro the army in 1975? Question: In what year did student protests occur in Benghazi? Question: How many students were executed in January of 1977? Question: Who criticized the political execution of students and military officers that occurred in January 1977?
Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian airspace into Israeli-held territory during a sandstorm. Gaddafi was infuriated that Egypt had not done more to prevent the incident, and in retaliation planned to destroy the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2, a British ship chartered by American Jews to sail to Haifa for Israel's 25th anniversary. Gaddafi ordered an Egyptian submarine to target the ship, but Sadat cancelled the order, fearing a military escalation.

Question: Whose rise to the presidency of Egypt led to the decline in relations between Egypt and Libya? Question: What nation's military destroyed Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114? Question: Why did Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 accidentally fly into Israel's airspace? Question: Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2? Question: What city was the destination of RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?
Gaddafi was later infuriated when Egypt and Syria planned the Yom Kippur War against Israel without consulting him, and was angered when Egypt conceded to peace talks rather than continuing the war. Gaddafi become openly hostile to Egypt's leader, calling for Sadat's overthrow, and when Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry took Sadat's side, Gaddafi by 1975 sponsored the Sudan People's Liberation Army to overthrow Nimeiry. Focusing his attention elsewhere in Africa, in late 1972 and early 1973, Libya invaded Chad to annex the uranium-rich Aouzou Strip. Offering financial incentives, he successfully convinced 8 African states to break off diplomatic relations with Israel in 1973. Intent on propagating Islam, in 1973 Gaddafi founded the Islamic Call Society, which had opened 132 centres across Africa within a decade. In 1973 he converted Gabonese President Omar Bongo, an action which he repeated three years later with Jean-Bédel Bokassa, president of the Central African Republic.

Question: Who was allied with Egypt during the Yom Kippur War? Question: Who was the president of Sudan in 1975? Question: What revolutionary group sought to overthrow the president of Sudan? Question: Prior to the Libyan invasion, what country was the Aouzou Strip a part of? Question: What element did the Aouzou Strip possess a great deal of?
Gaddafi sought to develop closer links in the Maghreb; in January 1974 Libya and Tunisia announced a political union, the Arab Islamic Republic. Although advocated by Gaddafi and Tunisian President Habib Bourguiba, the move was deeply unpopular in Tunisia and soon abandoned. Retaliating, Gaddafi sponsored anti-government militants in Tunisia into the 1980s. Turning his attention to Algeria, in 1975 Libya signed the Hassi Messaoud defence agreement allegedly to counter "Moroccan expansionism", also funding the Polisario Front of Western Sahara in their independence struggle against Morocco. Seeking to diversify Libya's economy, Gaddafi's government began purchasing shares in major European corporations like Fiat as well as buying real estate in Malta and Italy, which would become a valuable source of income during the 1980s oil slump.

Question: What country formed a political union with Libya in 1974? Question: What was the name of the abortive political union between Tunisia and Libya in 1974? Question: Who was the president of Tunisia in 1974? Question: With what country did Libya conclude the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement? Question: Against what government was the Hassi Messaoud defense agreement directed against?