derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
The European powers recognized the islands as part of the Spanish East Indies in 1874. However, Spain sold the islands to the German Empire in 1884, and they became part of German New Guinea in 1885. In World War I the Empire of Japan occupied the Marshall Islands, which in 1919 the League of Nations combined with other former German territories to form the South Pacific Mandate. In World War II, the United States conquered the islands in the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign. Along with other Pacific Islands, the Marshall Islands were then consolidated into the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands governed by the US. Self-government was achieved in 1979, and full sovereignty in 1986, under a Compact of Free Association with the United States. Marshall Islands has been a United Nations member state since 1991.

Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands gain official recognition by the major European nations? Question: What European nation owned the Marshall Islands in 1874? Question: In 1884, which country purchased the Marshall Islands? Question: Who bought the Marshall Islands from the Spanish in 1884? Question: Who occupied the Marshall Islands during the First World War? Question: In what year was the South Pacific Mandate created? Question: What group was the Marshall Islands a part of following World War I? Question: Who took over the Marshall Islands in the second world war? Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands achieve total sovereignty? Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands become a sovereign nation?
Politically, the Marshall Islands is a presidential republic in free association with the United States, with the US providing defense, subsidies, and access to U.S. based agencies such as the FCC and the USPS. With few natural resources, the islands' wealth is based on a service economy, as well as some fishing and agriculture; aid from the United States represents a large percentage of the islands' gross domestic product. The country uses the United States dollar as its currency.

Question: What term describes the type of government of the Marshall Islands? Question: What is the government structure of the Marshall Islands? Question: With which country are the Marshall Islands closely related? Question: Along with the USPS, what United States agency operates in the Marshall Islands? Question: What is the main focus of the Marshall Islands' economy? Question: What is the main component of the Marshall Islands economy? Question: What does the Marshall Islands receive from the United States? Question: Assistance from what country is an important part of the Marshall Islands economy? Question: What is the currency of the Marshall Islands? Question: What is the official currency of the Marshall Islands?
The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the entire population of the islands practises some religion, with three-quarters of the country either following the United Church of Christ – Congregational in the Marshall Islands (UCCCMI) or the Assemblies of God.

Question: What is the ethnicity of most people living in the Marshall Islands? Question: Of what ancestry are most Marshall Islands citizens? Question: From what non-Asian nation do some people living in the Marshall Islands come? Question: What family of languages does Marshallese belong to? Question: Of what language group is the Marshallese language? Question: Along with Marshallese, what is the official language of the Marshall Islands? Question: What fraction of Marshall Islands residents are religious? Question: What does UCCCMI stand for? Question: Aside from UCCCMI, what is the other major religious denomination of the Marshall Islands? Question: Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?
Micronesians settled the Marshall Islands in the 2nd millennium BC, but there are no historical or oral records of that period. Over time, the Marshall Island people learned to navigate over long ocean distances by canoe using traditional stick charts.

Question: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in the second millennium BC? Question: Who first settled the Marshall Islands? Question: When were the Marshal Islands first settled? Question: What did not exist at the time during which Micronesians arrived at the Marshall Islands? Question: What vessel did early settlers of the Marshall Islands use to travel? Question: In what vehicles did the Marshall Islanders travel by water? Question: What is the name of the item used as a primitive type of map for navigation by early settlers of the Marshall Islands? Question: What navigation aids did the Marshall Islanders use?
Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar was the first European to see the islands in 1526, commanding the ship Santa Maria de la Victoria, the only surviving vessel of the Loaísa Expedition. On August 21, he sighted an island (probably Taongi) at 14°N that he named "San Bartolome".

Question: What was Alonso de Salazar's nationality? Question: What was the nationality of the first European to observe the Marshall Islands? Question: Which European first saw the Marshall Islands? Question: Who was the first person from Europe to observe the Marshall Islands? Question: In what year did Salazar view the Marshall Islands? Question: In what year did the first European view the Marshall Islands? Question: What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship? Question: What was the name of Alonso de Salazar's ship? Question: Which of the Marshall Islands did Salazar most likely see? Question: What did Alonso de Salazar call the island that he saw?
On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands. He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship. These islands, which he named "Los Pintados", may have been Ujelang. On October 1, he found another group of islands where he went ashore for eight days, exchanged gifts with the local inhabitants and took on water. These islands, which he named "Los Jardines", may have been Enewetak or Bikini Atoll.

Question: Whose ship was named Florida? Question: Who was in charge of the ship named Florida? Question: From where did Cerón attempt to cross the Pacific Ocean? Question: Where did Cerón's expedition begin? Question: What did Cerón name the islands from which people threw rocks at his vessel? Question: What name did Cerón give to the island that might have been Ujelang? Question: How long did Cerón spend on Los Jardines? Question: What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529? Question: What group of islands might have been Bikini Atoll or Enewetak? Question: What are two possible modern names for the islands called Los Jardines by Cerón?
The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island that they named "Placeres", perhaps Ailuk; ten leagues away, they sighted another island that they called "Pajares" (perhaps Jemo). On January 12, they sighted another island at 10°N that they called "Corrales" (possibly Wotho). On January 15, the Spaniards sighted another low island, perhaps Ujelang, at 10°N, where they described the people on "Barbudos". After that, ships including the San Jeronimo, Los Reyes and Todos los Santos also visited the islands in different years.

Question: Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro? Question: What is thought to be the modern name of the island Legazpi called Los Barbudos? Question: What was the name given to the island reached by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi on January 9th of 1530? Question: What did Miguel López de Legazpi call the island discovered on January 9, 1530? Question: On what date did Legazpi's expedition see the island it named Placeres? Question: What did the Spanish call the island that might have been Ailuk? Question: On what day did the Spanish see the island they named Corrales? Question: What was the location of Corrales? Question: What name did the expedition give to the island it saw on January 12th? Question: What island may have been spotted by the Spanish on January 15?
Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore Duperrey named the islands after John Marshall, and drew maps of the islands. The designation was repeated later on British maps.[citation needed] In 1824 the crew of the American whaler Globe mutinied and some of the crew put ashore on Mulgrave Island. One year later, the American schooner Dolphin arrived and picked up two boys, the last survivors of a massacre by the natives due to their brutal treatment of the women.:2

Question: Who arrived at the Marshall Islands in 1788? Question: Who notably accompanied John Charles Marshall to the Marshall Islands? Question: In what year did Marshall and Gilbert go to the islands? Question: What do natives of the Marshall Islands call their country? Question: What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? Question: What is the English translation of the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? Question: Which Russian was involved in naming the Marshall Islands? Question: Which French citizen was involved in naming the Marshall Islands? Question: At what island did the Globe arrive in 1824? Question: On what island did mutinous American whalers land in 1824?
A number of vessels visiting the islands were attacked and their crews killed. In 1834, Captain DonSette and his crew were killed. Similarly, in 1845 the schooner Naiad punished a native for stealing with such violence that the natives attacked the ship. Later that year a whaler's boat crew were killed. In 1852 the San Francisco-based ships Glencoe and Sea Nymph were attacked and everyone aboard except for one crew member were killed. The violence was usually attributed as a response to the ill treatment of the natives in response to petty theft, which was a common practice. In 1857, two missionaries successfully settled on Ebon, living among the natives through at least 1870.:3

Question: Who was the leader of the group attacked by the people of the Marshall Islands in 1834? Question: Who was the captain of the crew killed in 1834? Question: In what year was the ship Naiad attacked by natives? Question: What type of ship was the Naiad? Question: What vessel was attacked in 1845? Question: Out of what city was the Sea Nymph sailing? Question: What ships were attacked in 1852? Question: In what year did missionaries arrive to live in the Marshall Islands? Question: On what island did the Missionaries live with citizens of the Marshall Islands? Question: Where did missionaries live as of 1857?
Although the Spanish Empire had a residual claim on the Marshalls in 1874, when she began asserting her sovereignty over the Carolines, she made no effort to prevent the German Empire from gaining a foothold there. Britain also raised no objection to a German protectorate over the Marshalls in exchange for German recognition of Britain's rights in the Gilbert and Ellice Islands. On October 13, 1885, SMS Nautilus under Captain Rötger brought German emissaries to Jaluit. They signed a treaty with Kabua, whom the Germans had earlier recognized as "King of the Ralik Islands," on October 15.

Question: What nation had a claim on the Marshall Islands as of 1874? Question: What nation formed a protectorate over the Marshall Islands? Question: What nation asserted their rights over the Gilbert and Ellice islands? Question: On what ship did German ambassadors arrive in the Marshall Islands? Question: What title did the Germans give to Kabua?
Subsequently, seven other chiefs on seven other islands signed a treaty in German and Marshallese and a final copy witnessed by Rötger on November 1 was sent to the German Foreign Office. The Germans erected a sign declaring a "Imperial German Protectorate" at Jaluit. It has been speculated that the crisis over the Carolines with Spain, which almost provoked a war, was in fact "a feint to cover the acquisition of the Marshall Islands", which went almost unnoticed at the time, despite the islands being the largest source of copra in Micronesia. Spain sold the islands to Germany in 1884 through papal mediation.

Question: On what day was a final treaty signed between the Marshall Islands chiefs and the Germans? Question: What status did the Marshall Islands have in Germany? Question: What nation had control of the Carolines? Question: What notable resource was available in the Marshall Islands? Question: In what year did Germany buy the Marshalls from Spain?
A German trading company, the Jaluit Gesellschaft, administered the islands from 1887 until 1905. They conscripted the islanders as laborers and mistreated them. After the German–Spanish Treaty of 1899, in which Germany acquired the Carolines, Palau, and the Marianas from Spain, Germany placed all of its Micronesian islands, including the Marshalls, under the governor of German New Guinea.

Question: What company ran the Marshall Islands in the late 19th century? Question: When did the Jaluit Gesellschaft's administration of the islands end? Question: What document was signed in 1899? Question: Along with the Marianas and Palau, what islands were acquired from Spain in 1899? Question: What official administered Germany's Micronesian possessions?
Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Father H. Linckens, another missionary from the Sacred Heart of Jesu Society visited the Marshall Islands in 1904 and 1911 for several weeks. He published a small work in 1912 about the Catholic mission activities and the people of the Marshall Islands.

Question: What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of? Question: In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands? Question: In what year did Father Linckens first travel to the Marshalls? Question: In what year was Father Linckens' last visit to the Marshalls? Question: When was Father Linckens' book published?
Under German control, and even before then, Japanese traders and fishermen from time to time visited the Marshall Islands, although contact with the islanders was irregular. After the Meiji Restoration (1868), the Japanese government adopted a policy of turning the Japanese Empire into a great economic and military power in East Asia.

Question: Along with fishermen, what sort of Japanese people visited the Marshalls? Question: What notable historical event occurred in Japan in 1868? Question: In what region did the Japanese attempt to build up their power after 1868?
In 1914, Japan joined the Entente during World War I and captured various German Empire colonies, including several in Micronesia. On September 29, 1914, Japanese troops occupied the Enewetak Atoll, and on September 30, 1914, the Jaluit Atoll, the administrative centre of the Marshall Islands. After the war, on June 28, 1919, Germany signed (under protest) the Treaty of Versailles. It renounced all of its Pacific possessions, including the Marshall Islands. On December 17, 1920, the Council of the League of Nations approved the South Pacific Mandate for Japan to take over all former German colonies in the Pacific Ocean located north of the Equator. The Administrative Centre of the Marshall Islands archipelago remained Jaluit.

Question: What military alliance did the Japanese join in the First World War? Question: On what date did the Japanese land on Enewetak? Question: What did the Japanese occupy on September 30, 1914? Question: On what date was the Treaty of Versailles signed? Question: When was the South Pacific Mandate for Japan approved?
The German Empire had primarily economic interests in Micronesia. The Japanese interests were in land. Despite the Marshalls' small area and few resources, the absorption of the territory by Japan would to some extent alleviate Japan's problem of an increasing population with a diminishing amount of available land to house it. During its years of colonial rule, Japan moved more than 1,000 Japanese to the Marshall Islands although they never outnumbered the indigenous peoples as they did in the Mariana Islands and Palau.

Question: What was the primary nature of Germany's interest in the Marshall Islands? Question: What was the primary nature of Japan's interest in the Marshall Islands? Question: About how many Japanese emigrated to the Marshalls when it was a Japanese colony? Question: Along with the Mariana Islands, on what island were there more Japanese settlers than indigenous inhabitants?
The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II.

Question: What was the traditional social organization of the Marshall Islanders? Question: What system of social organization was used in Japan? Question: Along with Protestants, missionaries from what denomination were allowed to operate in the Marshalls? Question: What language were Marshall Islanders taught in schools while under Japanese colonial administration? Question: On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations?
In the months before the attack on Pearl Harbor, Kwajalein Atoll was the administrative center of the Japanese 6th Fleet Forces Service, whose task was the defense of the Marshall Islands.

Question: On what atoll was the 6th Fleet Forces Service based? Question: What Japanese fleet was based in the Marshall Islands? Question: What was the mission of the 6th Fleet Forces Service?
In World War II, the United States, during the Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign, invaded and occupied the islands in 1944, destroying or isolating the Japanese garrisons. In just one month in 1944, Americans captured Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak, and, in the next two months, the rest of the Marshall Islands, except for Wotje, Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit.

Question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshall Islands? Question: What was the name of the campaign in which the US occupied the Marshalls? Question: In what year did the United States occupy the Marshalls? Question: How many months did it take for the US to occupy Kwajalein Atoll, Majuro and Enewetak? Question: Along with Mili, Maloelap and Jaluit, what parts of the Marshall Islands were not occupied in the first three months of the American campaign?
The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger by August 1945.

Question: Along with injuries, what suffering did the American bombing cause to the Marshall Islanders? Question: In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin? Question: What fraction of the Japanese garrison on Mili died due to hunger? Question: How large was the Japanese garrison on Mili?
Following capture and occupation by the United States during World War II, the Marshall Islands, along with several other island groups located in Micronesia, passed formally to the United States under United Nations auspices in 1947 as part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 21.

Question: During what conflict did the US occupy the Marshalls? Question: What is the name of the broader region that the Marshall Islands are a part of? Question: In what year was the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands created? Question: What resolution of the UN Security Council gave the United States control over the Marshalls?
During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over 7,200 times more powerful than the atomic weapons used during World War II." With the 1952 test of the first U.S. hydrogen bomb, code named "Ivy Mike," the island of Elugelab in the Enewetak atoll was destroyed. In 1956, the United States Atomic Energy Commission regarded the Marshall Islands as "by far the most contaminated place in the world."

Question: In what year did the Cold War begin? Question: How many nuclear weapons were tested in the Marshall Islands between 1946 and 1958? Question: What was the name of the United States' largest atmospheric nuclear test? Question: What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons? Question: Which of the Marshall Islands was destroyed in a United States hydrogen bomb test?
Nuclear claims between the U.S. and the Marshall Islands are ongoing, and health effects from these nuclear tests linger. Project 4.1 was a medical study conducted by the United States of those residents of the Bikini Atoll exposed to radioactive fallout. From 1956 to August 1998, at least $759 million was paid to the Marshallese Islanders in compensation for their exposure to U.S. nuclear weapon testing.

Question: What was the name of the US study of nuclear fallout on Bikini Atoll? Question: When did the United States begin to pay compensation to Marshall Islanders for nuclear weapon exposure? Question: In millions of dollars, how much money did the United States pay out in nuclear testing compensation to Marshall Island residents between 1956 and 1998?
In 1986, the Compact of Free Association with the United States entered into force, granting the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) its sovereignty. The Compact provided for aid and U.S. defense of the islands in exchange for continued U.S. military use of the missile testing range at Kwajalein Atoll. The independence procedure was formally completed under international law in 1990, when the UN officially ended the Trusteeship status pursuant to Security Council Resolution 683.

Question: In what year did the Marshall Islands receive sovereignty? Question: What document granted sovereignty to the Marshall Islands? Question: Where in the Marshall Islands does the United States have a missile testing range? Question: When did UN Trusteeship over the Marshall Islands end? Question: What Security Council Resolution ended UN Trusteeship over the Marshalls?