derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Under New York State's gradual abolition act of 1799, children of slave mothers were born to be eventually liberated but were held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after the Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-black population gradually developed in Manhattan. Under such influential United States founders as Alexander Hamilton and John Jay, the New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state, and free blacks struggled afterward with discrimination. New York interracial abolitionist activism continued; among its leaders were graduates of the African Free School. The city's black population reached more than 16,000 in 1840.

Question: In what year did the state of New York pass a law to free the slaves? Question: The gradual abolition act in New York was formed in what year? Question: What borough was home to a notable population of free African-Americans? Question: Along with John Jay, who founded the New York Manumission Society? Question: In what year did the state of New York eliminate slavery? Question: When was slavery completely outlawed in the state of New York? Question: In 1840, about how many African-Americans lived in New York City?
In the 19th century, the city was transformed by development relating to its status as a trading center, as well as by European immigration. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected the Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes. Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants.

Question: What plan of 1811 spread a grid of streets across Manhattan? Question: In what year did the Erie Canal finish building? Question: The Erie Canal was finished being built in what year? Question: What political machine controlled New York politics in this era? Question: Along with German immigrants, immigrants of what nationality supported Tammany Hall?
Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant, Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Rufus Wilmot Griswold, John Keese, Nathaniel Parker Willis, and Edgar Allan Poe. Public-minded members of the contemporaneous business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city.

Question: What was the name of the first urban landscaped park in the United States? Question: In what year was Central Park founded? Question: Central park, in 1857, became the first park in America to become what?
The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants. Over 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, upwards of a quarter of the city's population. There was also extensive immigration from the German provinces, where revolutions had disrupted societies, and Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860.

Question: What event brought many Irish immigrants to the United States? Question: Which event brought upon a lot of Irish immigrants to NYC? Question: How many immigrants that were Irish were living in New York in 1860? Question: In 1860, approximately how many people of Irish extraction were in New York? Question: In 1860, what fraction of the city population was composed of Irish immigrants? Question: What events provoked the immigration of people from Germany? Question: In 1860, what percentage of the city population was composed of German immigrants?
Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing the city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to pay a $300 (equivalent to $5,766 in 2016) commutation fee to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863, whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The situation deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on black New Yorkers and their property after fierce competition for a decade between Irish immigrants and blacks for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground, but more than 200 children escaped harm due to efforts of the New York City Police Department, which was mainly made up of Irish immigrants. According to historian James M. McPherson (2001), at least 120 people were killed. In all, eleven black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of blacks to flee the city for Williamsburg, Brooklyn, as well as New Jersey; the black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865, which it had last been in 1820. The white working class had established dominance. Violence by longshoremen against black men was especially fierce in the docks area. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.

Question: Who was the mayor of New York City in 1861? Question: What was the commutation fee to avoid being conscripted during the American Civil War? Question: People of what ethnicity most visibly participated in the Draft Riots of 1863? Question: The Draft Riots caused which building to burn down in 1863? Question: About how many people died during the Draft Riots of 1863? Question: What was the approximate African-American population of New York City in 1865?
In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city), the County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication.

Question: In what year was the modern City of New York founded? Question: Portions of what modern-day borough were included in the County of New York? Question: In what year did the subway begin operation? Question: The subway of New York was first available in what year?
In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.

Question: In what year did the General Slocum disaster occur? Question: How many people died on the General Slocum? Question: In what building did the city's deadliest industrial disaster occur? Question: A catastrophe in 1911 that killed 146 workers was called what? Question: How many people died in the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire? Question: The growth of what organization was prompted by the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire?
New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition. The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height and creating an identifiable skyline.

Question: How many non-white people lived in New York in 1890? Question: What was the population of people in New York that were not Caucasian in 1890? Question: What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York?
New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.

Question: In the early 1920s, what was the second most highly populated city in the world? Question: What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million? Question: In the 1930s, New York City had more than 10 million people becoming the first what in history? Question: Who was mayor of New York during the Great Depression? Question: For about how many years did Tammany Hall control New York political life?
Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and the development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations Headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.

Question: The headquarters what organization was done being build in 1952 in New York? Question: When was construction finished on the United Nations Headquarters? Question: What artistic movement caused New York to overtake Paris as the global art center? Question: Prior to New York, what city was the center of the world of art?
The Stonewall riots were a series of spontaneous, violent demonstrations by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning hours of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan. They are widely considered to constitute the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights in the United States.

Question: What event provoked the Stonewall riots? Question: On what date did the Stonewall riots take place? Question: The Stonewall riots are named after what building? Question: Where did the Stonewall riots happen? Question: In what neighborhood did the Stonewall riots occur? Question: In what borough did the Stonewall riots happen?
In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into the beginning of the 1990s. By the mid 1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification, and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy. New York's population reached all-time highs in the 2000 Census and then again in the 2010 Census.

Question: In what decade was there a significant decline in industrial jobs? Question: Which decade did massive job losses happen in NYC due to industrial issues? Question: In what decade did the crime rate drop significantly? Question: What was the name of a new sector of the New York economy that appeared in the 1990s? Question: In what year did the population of New York first reach an all-time high in this period? Question: In what year did the population of New York reach an all-time high for the second time in this period?
The city and surrounding area suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001 attacks when 10 of the 19 terrorists associated with Al-Qaeda piloted American Airlines Flight 11 into the North Tower of the World Trade Center and United Airlines Flight 175 into the South Tower of the World Trade Center, and later destroyed them, killing 2,192 civilians, 343 firefighters, and 71 law enforcement officers who were in the towers and in the surrounding area. The rebuilding of the area, has created a new One World Trade Center, and a 9/11 memorial and museum along with other new buildings and infrastructure. The World Trade Center PATH station, which opened on July 19, 1909 as the Hudson Terminal, was also destroyed in the attack. A temporary station was built and opened on November 23, 2003. A permanent station, the World Trade Center Transportation Hub, is currently under construction. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the fourth-tallest building in the world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m) in reference to the year of American independence.

Question: How many leader terrorists of Al Quada were involved with the 9/11 attacks directly that day? Question: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's North Tower on September 11, 2001? Question: What was the plane named that crashed into the World Trade Center? Question: What was the name of the aircraft that crashed into the World Trade Center's South Tower on September 11, 2001? Question: How many firefighters died in the World Trade Center attack? Question: On what date did the World Trade Center PATH begin operation? Question: The Hudson Terminal which was also demolished was build in what year? Question: How tall is One World Trade Center in meters?
The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and spawning the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide.

Question: In what park did the Occupy Wall Street protests occur? Question: In what district of Manhattan were the Occupy Wall Street protests? Question: In what borough did the Occupy Wall Street protests take place? Question: On what date did the Occupy Wall Street protests commence? Question: The Occupy Wall Street protests that took place in Zuccotti Park was on which date?
When one Republican presidential candidate for the 2016 election ridiculed the liberalism of "New York values" in January 2016, Donald Trump, leading in the polls, vigorously defended his city. The National Review, a conservative magazine published in the city since its founding by William F. Buckley, Jr. in 1955, commented, "By hearkening back to New York's heart after 9/11, for a moment Trump transcended politics. How easily we forget, but for weeks after the terror attacks, New York was America."

Question: A presidential candidate from what party derided the city for its liberalism? Question: What public figure defended New York in January 2016? Question: What individual established the National Review? Question: In what year was the National Review founded?
New York City is situated in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston. The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of New York City is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island.

Question: In what geographical region of the United States is New York City located? Question: In what geographical region of New York state is New York City located? Question: New York City is about half the distance between Washington DC and what city? Question: What river is New York City located on? Question: New York City is at the base of which American river? Question: New York City is adjacent to what ocean? Question: The Hudson River flows into which body of water? Question: The three islands that make up New York city are named what?
The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary. The Hudson River separates the city from the U.S. state of New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait—flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River, which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County, is the only entirely fresh water river in the city.

Question: Into what body of water does the Hudson River terminate? Question: Between New York City and what city is the Hudson River an estuary? Question: The Hudson River serves as a dividing line between New York and what state? Question: The Hudson River separates NYC from which US state? Question: Which river seperates The Bronx from Manhatten? Question: What river flows between the Hudson and East Rivers? Question: The single only freshwater river in NYC is what river? Question: What is the city's sole fresh water river?
The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan.

Question: What Manhattan development is the product of land reclamation?
The city's total area is 468.9 square miles (1,214 km2). 164.1 sq mi (425 km2) of this is water and 304.8 sq mi (789 km2) is land. The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which, at 409.8 feet (124.9 m) above sea level, is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine. The summit of the ridge is mostly covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.

Question: What is the total area of New York City in square miles? Question: How many square miles in NYC? Question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is composed of water? Question: How many square miles are water in NYC? Question: In square miles, how much of the city's total area is land? Question: How many square miles are land in NYC? Question: What is the name of New York City's highest point? Question: The highest peak in the city is what location? Question: On what island is New York City's highest point located? Question: How many feet above sea level is Todt Hil?
New York has architecturally noteworthy buildings in a wide range of styles and from distinct time periods, from the saltbox style Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, the oldest section of which dates to 1656, to the modern One World Trade Center, the skyscraper at Ground Zero in Lower Manhattan and currently the most expensive new office tower in the world.

Question: What structure is an example of saltbox architecture? Question: In what borough is the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House located? Question: In what year did construction on the oldest part of Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House begin? Question: What building is the priciest office tower in the world? Question: The most expensive office tower built in the world today is what? Question: In what borough is One World Trade Center located?
Manhattan's skyline, with its many skyscrapers, is universally recognized, and the city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world. As of 2011, New York City had 5,937 high-rise buildings, of which 550 completed structures were at least 330 feet (100 m) high, both second in the world after Hong Kong, with over 50 completed skyscrapers taller than 656 feet (200 m). These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing.

Question: How many high-rises were present in New York City in 2011? Question: How many structures in New York City are over 100m tall? Question: How many buildings located in NYC are at least 330 feet in height? Question: How many buildings in New York City are over 200m high? Question: What city has the most high-rise buildings in the world? Question: NYC has the highest quantity of skyscrapers after which other world city? Question: In what year was the Woolworth Building completed?
The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setbacks in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below. The Art Deco style of the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), with their tapered tops and steel spires, reflected the zoning requirements. The buildings have distinctive ornamentation, such as the eagles at the corners of the 61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers and has received an award from the American Institute of Architects as well as AIA New York State for its design.

Question: The Chrysler Building reflects what architectural style? Question: When was the Chrysler building built in NYC? Question: In what year was the Empire State Building completed? Question: When was the Empire State Building constructed? Question: Which animal decorates the corners of the Chrysler Building? Question: What floor of the Chrysler Building has sculptures of eagles at its corners? Question: What building known for its bronze-tinted I-beams was completed in 1957? Question: What is the full name of the organization known by the acronym AIA?
The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standing dwellings. In neighborhoods such as Riverdale (in the Bronx), Ditmas Park (in Brooklyn), and Douglaston (in Queens), large single-family homes are common in various architectural styles such as Tudor Revival and Victorian.

Question: What type of housing structure makes up most of the large residential districts of NYC? Question: Brownstone rowhouse construction is most often associated with the period beginning in 1870 and ending in what year? Question: In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located? Question: In what borough is the Ditmas Park neighborhood located? Question: In what borough is the Douglaston neighborhood located? Question: Along with Tudor Revival, what is a common architectural style of single-family houses in New York?
Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835. A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could break municipal water pipes. Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, such as Jackson Heights.

Question: After the Great Fire of 1835, what became the most widespread building materials? Question: What event led to the decline in wooden construction in New York City? Question: To prevent high water pressures at lower elevations what were built on many of the city's buildings? Question: In the 19th century, New York city required water towers in the roofs of buildings that were more than how many stories tall? Question: What area was known for its garden apartments?