derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
HDTV technology was introduced in the United States in the late 1980s and made official in 1993 by the Digital HDTV Grand Alliance, a group of television, electronic equipment, communications companies consisting of AT&T Bell Labs, General Instrument, Philips, Sarnoff, Thomson, Zenith and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Field testing of HDTV at 199 sites in the United States was completed August 14, 1994. The first public HDTV broadcast in the United States occurred on July 23, 1996 when the Raleigh, North Carolina television station WRAL-HD began broadcasting from the existing tower of WRAL-TV southeast of Raleigh, winning a race to be first with the HD Model Station in Washington, D.C., which began broadcasting July 31, 1996 with the callsign WHD-TV, based out of the facilities of NBC owned and operated station WRC-TV. The American Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) HDTV system had its public launch on October 29, 1998, during the live coverage of astronaut John Glenn's return mission to space on board the Space Shuttle Discovery. The signal was transmitted coast-to-coast, and was seen by the public in science centers, and other public theaters specially equipped to receive and display the broadcast.

Question: When was HDTV introduced in the US? Question: Who made HDTV official in 1993? Question: AT&T, Philips, Zenith, and MIT, among others, made up what group in the 90's? Question: When did the first public HDTV broadcast happen in the US? Question: What does ATSC stand for?
The first HDTV transmissions in Europe, albeit not direct-to-home, began in 1990, when the Italian broadcaster RAI used the HD-MAC and MUSE HDTV technologies to broadcast the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The matches were shown in 8 cinemas in Italy and 2 in Spain. The connection with Spain was made via the Olympus satellite link from Rome to Barcelona and then with a fiber optic connection from Barcelona to Madrid. After some HDTV transmissions in Europe the standard was abandoned in the mid-1990s.

Question: When did the first HDTV transmissions happen in Europe? Question: What event was the first HDTV broadcast in Europe? Question: Where was the FIFA World Cup able to be watched in HDTV? Question: When did Europe abandon standard transmission?
The first regular broadcasts started on January 1, 2004 when the Belgian company Euro1080 launched the HD1 channel with the traditional Vienna New Year's Concert. Test transmissions had been active since the IBC exhibition in September 2003, but the New Year's Day broadcast marked the official launch of the HD1 channel, and the official start of direct-to-home HDTV in Europe.

Question: When did regular broadcasts start in Europe? Question: Which European company launched HD1? Question: What event was first broadcasted on January 1, 2004? Question: When did test transmissions of HDTV begin in Europe? Question: The New Year's Day broadcast officially launched which channel?
Euro1080, a division of the former and now bankrupt Belgian TV services company Alfacam, broadcast HDTV channels to break the pan-European stalemate of "no HD broadcasts mean no HD TVs bought means no HD broadcasts ..." and kick-start HDTV interest in Europe. The HD1 channel was initially free-to-air and mainly comprised sporting, dramatic, musical and other cultural events broadcast with a multi-lingual soundtrack on a rolling schedule of 4 or 5 hours per day.

Question: Euro1080 was a division of what former company? Question: What "chicken or the egg" stalemate prompted Euro1080 to broadcast HDTV channels? Question: What was Euro1080 hoping to kick-start by broadcasting HDTV channels? Question: How much did viewers have to pay for the HD1 channel? Question: What was on HD1 for 4 or 5 hours per day?
These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe.

Question: What format did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Question: What compression did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Question: What signal did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Question: What compression did Euro1080 later change to? Question: What signal did Euro1080 later change to?
Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites).

Question: The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first HDTV broadcasts? Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many HD capable TV's were sold in Europe? Question: How many pounds were spent in Europe on HD capable TVs in 2010? Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? Question: What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010?
In December 2009 the United Kingdom became the first European country to deploy high definition content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard, as specified in the Digital TV Group (DTG) D-book, on digital terrestrial television.

Question: When did the UK deploy HD content using the new DVB-T2 transmission standard? Question: Which European country first deployed HD content using the new DVB-T2 standard? Question: What transmission standard did the UK start using in December 2009? Question: What does DTG stand for?
The Freeview HD service currently contains 10 HD channels (as of December 2013[update]) and was rolled out region by region across the UK in accordance with the digital switchover process, finally being completed in October 2012. However, Freeview HD is not the first HDTV service over digital terrestrial television in Europe;

Question: Which service contains 10 HD channels and finished its roll out in October 2012? Question: How many HD channels did the Freeview HD service contain as of December 2013? Question: How was the Freeview HD service rolled out in the UK? Question: When was the digital switchover process completed in the UK?
If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[citation needed] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by the scanning system.

Question: What are the three HDTV parameters? Question: Which two parameters can be dropped if its value is implied from context? Question: When can the frame size or frame rate parameter specification be dropped? Question: When a parameter is dropped, the remaining numeric parameter is specified first, followed by what?
For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 30 frames (60 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 720p60 notation identifies progressive scanning format with 60 frames per second, each frame being 720 pixels high; 1,280 pixels horizontally are implied.

Question: The 1920x1080p25 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second? Question: What size is each 1920x1080p25 frame? Question: The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second? Question: The 1080i30 or 1080i60 notion identifies interlaced scanning format with how many frames per second? Question: The 720p60 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second?
50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p.

Question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support? Question: Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p Question: SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what? Question: Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what?
For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.

Question: What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product? Question: When naming a commercial HDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what? Question: What does 24p mean? Question: What does 50i mean?
There is no single standard for HDTV color support. Colors are typically broadcast using a (10-bits per channel) YUV color space but, depending on the underlying image generating technologies of the receiver, are then subsequently converted to a RGB color space using standardized algorithms. When transmitted directly through the Internet, the colors are typically pre-converted to 8-bit RGB channels for additional storage savings with the assumption that it will only be viewed only on a (sRGB) computer screen. As an added benefit to the original broadcasters, the losses of the pre-conversion essentially make these files unsuitable for professional TV re-broadcasting.

Question: Is there a single standard for HDTV color support? Question: Before being converted to RGB, colors are ususally broadcasted using what color space? Question: Colors are typically broadcast using YUV and then converted to what? Question: When transmitted over the internet, colors are typically to what? Question: What assumption is made with colors being transmitted over the internet?
At a minimum, HDTV has twice the linear resolution of standard-definition television (SDTV), thus showing greater detail than either analog television or regular DVD. The technical standards for broadcasting HDTV also handle the 16:9 aspect ratio images without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching, thus increasing the effective image resolution.

Question: At least how many times more linear resolution does HDTV have over SDTV? Question: What does SDTV stand for? Question: HDTV handles what aspect ratio without using letterboxing or anamorphic stretching? Question: HDTV increases the effective image resolution by not using what?
A very high resolution source may require more bandwidth than available in order to be transmitted without loss of fidelity. The lossy compression that is used in all digital HDTV storage and transmission systems will distort the received picture, when compared to the uncompressed source.

Question: A very high resolution source may require more of what? Question: If more bandwith is required than is available, a very high resolution source my not be able to transmitted without loss of what? Question: The compression used in all HDTV storage and transmission systems will do what if resolution is too high?
The optimum format for a broadcast depends upon the type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics. For best fidelity to the source the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match those of the source.

Question: The type of videographic recording medium used and the image's characteristics determine what? Question: A broadcasts optimum format depends on what two things? Question: For best fidelity to the source, what three things should match the source? Question: For best fidelity to the source, the transmitted field ratio, lines, and frame rate should match what?
PAL, SECAM and NTSC frame rates technically apply only to analogue standard definition television, not to digital or high definition broadcasts. However, with the roll out of digital broadcasting, and later HDTV broadcasting, countries retained their heritage systems. HDTV in former PAL and SECAM countries operates at a frame rate of 25/50 Hz, while HDTV in former NTSC countries operates at 30/60 Hz.

Question: PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates apply to what definition televisions? Question: PAL, SECAM, and NTSC frame rates do not apply to what broadcasts? Question: In former PAL and SECAM countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at? Question: In former NTSC countries, what frame rate does HDTV operate at?
Standard 35mm photographic film used for cinema projection has a much higher image resolution than HDTV systems, and is exposed and projected at a rate of 24 frames per second (frame/s). To be shown on standard television, in PAL-system countries, cinema film is scanned at the TV rate of 25 frame/s, causing a speedup of 4.1 percent, which is generally considered acceptable. In NTSC-system countries, the TV scan rate of 30 frame/s would cause a perceptible speedup if the same were attempted, and the necessary correction is performed by a technique called 3:2 Pulldown: Over each successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second) and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second), giving a total time for the two frames of 1/12 of a second and thus achieving the correct average film frame rate.

Question: At what rate is standard 35mm photographic film exposed and projected? Question: To be shown on SDTV in PAL-system countries, at what rate is cinema film scanned? Question: The technique in which with successive pair of film frames, one is held for three video fields, and the next is held for two, is called what? Question: The 3:2 Pulldown techniques gives what total time for two frames? Question: What is achieved by the 3:2 Pulldown technique producing a total time of 1/12 of a second for two frames?
Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings intended for broadcast are typically recorded either in 720p or 1080i format as determined by the broadcaster. 720p is commonly used for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because most computer monitors operate in progressive-scan mode. 720p also imposes less strenuous storage and decoding requirements compared to both 1080i and 1080p. 1080p/24, 1080i/30, 1080i/25, and 720p/30 is most often used on Blu-ray Disc.

Question: What two formats are typically used to recorde non-cinematic HDTV video intended for broadcast? Question: Which format is typically used for internet distribution of HD video? Question: Most computer monitors operate in what mode? Question: 1080i, 1080p, and 720p are often used on what kind of disc.
In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are broadcast in high definition (ABC, Fox, and Ion Television broadcast at 720p resolution; CBS, My Network TV, NBC, PBS, and The CW at 1080i). As their digital signals more efficiently use the broadcast channel, many broadcasters are adding multiple channels to their signals. Laws about antennas were updated before the change to digital terrestrial broadcasts. These new laws prohibit home owners' associations and city government from banning the installation of antennas.

Question: In the US, what kind of tuner is needed for residents to receive free, over the air programming? Question: Most television sets sold since what year have an ATSC tuner? Question: Laws regarding antennas were upated before what? Question: Who do these laws prohibit from banning the installation of antennas? Question: Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from banning what?
Additionally, cable-ready TV sets can display HD content without using an external box. They have a QAM tuner built-in and/or a card slot for inserting a CableCARD.

Question: Without using an external box, cable-ready TVs can display what? Question: HD content can be displayed by cable-ready TVs without using what? Question: What features allow the cable-ready TVs to display HD content without an external box? Question: What kind of built-in tuner will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box? Question: What kind of card will allow a cable-ready TV to display HD content without an external box?
High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, IPTV (including GoogleTV Roku boxes and AppleTV or built into "Smart Televisions"), Blu-ray video disc (BD), and internet downloads.

Question: Internet downloads, Blu-ray videos, and Apple TV are examples of what? Question: Terrestrial broadcast and direct broadcast satellite are examples of what? Question: Digital cable and Roku are examples of what? Question: Roku and AppleTV are examples of what?
Sony's PlayStation 3 has extensive HD compatibility because of its built in Blu-ray disc based player, so does Microsoft's Xbox 360 with the addition of Netflix and Windows Media Center HTPC streaming capabilities, and the Zune marketplace where users can rent or purchase digital HD content. Recently, Nintendo released a next generation high definition gaming platform, The Wii U, which includes TV remote control features in addition to IPTV streaming features like Netflix. The HD capabilities of the consoles has influenced some developers to port games from past consoles onto the PS3, Xbox 360 and Wii U, often with remastered or upscaled graphics.

Question: Why does the PlayStation 3 have extensive HD compatibility? Question: In addition to having a Blu-ray player the Xbox 360 also features what? Question: What high definition gaming platform did Nintendo recently release? Question: The HD capabilities of modern gaming systems has inspired developers to do what?
HDTV can be recorded to D-VHS (Digital-VHS or Data-VHS), W-VHS (analog only), to an HDTV-capable digital video recorder (for example DirecTV's high-definition Digital video recorder, Sky HD's set-top box, Dish Network's VIP 622 or VIP 722 high-definition Digital video recorder receivers, or TiVo's Series 3 or HD recorders), or an HDTV-ready HTPC. Some cable boxes are capable of receiving or recording two or more broadcasts at a time in HDTV format, and HDTV programming, some included in the monthly cable service subscription price, some for an additional fee, can be played back with the cable company's on-demand feature.

Question: What does D-VHS stand for? Question: What restriction does W-VHS recordings have? Question: Sky HD's set-top box, TiVo's Series 3, and Dish Network's VIP 622 are examples of what? Question: Some cable boxes are capable of doing what?
The massive amount of data storage required to archive uncompressed streams meant that inexpensive uncompressed storage options were not available to the consumer. In 2008, the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder was introduced. This device accepts HD content through component video inputs and stores the content in MPEG-2 format in a .ts file or in a Blu-ray compatible format .m2ts file on the hard drive or DVD burner of a computer connected to the PVR through a USB 2.0 interface. More recent systems are able to record a broadcast high definition program in its 'as broadcast' format or transcode to a format more compatible with Blu-ray.

Question: When was the Hauppauge 1212 Personal Video Recorder introduced? Question: What uncompressed storage option was introduced in 2008? Question: How does the Personal Video Recorder store content? Question: Recent systems can record a broadcast HD program in what format?
Analog tape recorders with bandwidth capable of recording analog HD signals, such as W-VHS recorders, are no longer produced for the consumer market and are both expensive and scarce in the secondary market.

Question: What kind of recorder is no longer produced for the consumer market? Question: W-VHS recorders are capable of recording what kinds of signals? Question: In the secondary market, analog tape recorders are considered what?
In the United States, as part of the FCC's plug and play agreement, cable companies are required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes with a set-top box with "functional" FireWire (IEEE 1394) on request. None of the direct broadcast satellite providers have offered this feature on any of their supported boxes, but some cable TV companies have. As of July 2004[update], boxes are not included in the FCC mandate. This content is protected by encryption known as 5C. This encryption can prevent duplication of content or simply limit the number of copies permitted, thus effectively denying most if not all fair use of the content.

Question: Prior to 2004, what were US cable companies required to provide customers who rent HD set-top boxes? Question: When were boxes with "functional" FireWire no longer included in the FCC mandate? Question: Content is now protected by what encryption? Question: What can 5c encryption prevent?
It has been used for thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers (which are strong in tension) embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression. Wood is sometimes defined as only the secondary xylem in the stems of trees, or it is defined more broadly to include the same type of tissue elsewhere such as in the roots of trees or shrubs.[citation needed] In a living tree it performs a support function, enabling woody plants to grow large or to stand up by themselves. It also conveys water and nutrients between the leaves, other growing tissues, and the roots. Wood may also refer to other plant materials with comparable properties, and to material engineered from wood, or wood chips or fiber.

Question: In addition to being used to build things, what has wood been used for over thousands of years? Question: What kind of strong fibers are part of the composite of wood? Question: What's the matrix in wood made up of? Question: What one word describes the function wood provides to a tree or plant? Question: What does wood convey to leaves, roots, and other tissues of a woody plant in addition to water?
The Earth contains about 434 billion cubic meters of growing stock forest, 47% of which is commercial. As an abundant, carbon-neutral renewable resource, woody materials have been of intense interest as a source of renewable energy. In 1991, approximately 3.5 cubic kilometers of wood were harvested. Dominant uses were for furniture and building construction.

Question: How many cubic meters of growing stock forest are there on the planet? Question: What percentage of the Earth's stock forest is commercial? Question: In addition to being carbon neutral, what other adjective describes wood that makes it compelling as a renewable energy source? Question: About how many cubic kilometers of the vast stock forest's wood were harvested in 1991? Question: In addition to buildings, what is wood often used to make?