derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir.

Question: What term is used in North America for wood used in construction? Question: Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring? Question: What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building? Question: What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe? Question: For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar?
New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials.

Question: What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world? Question: What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products? Question: In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components? Question: Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood?
In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding.

Question: What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials? Question: What crucial part of a house is often constructed from wood? Question: Inside a building, what wooden things might you open to enter or leave rooms? Question: Wood might be used to construct what exterior component of a building?
Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a larger, more efficient composite structural unit.

Question: What requirements do engineered wood products meet? Question: Engineered wood products are often used in construction, but what other major type of applications do they have? Question: Wood fibers from wood strands, lumber, and what other source can be glued together to make larger units? Question: What holds together an engineered wood product? Question: What efficient type of unit does the process of "engineering" wood result in?
These products include glued laminated timber (glulam), wood structural panels (including plywood, oriented strand board and composite panels), laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and other structural composite lumber (SCL) products, parallel strand lumber, and I-joists. Approximately 100 million cubic meters of wood was consumed for this purpose in 1991. The trends suggest that particle board and fiber board will overtake plywood.

Question: What's another word for glued laminated timber? Question: What category do composite panels, strand board, and plywood all fit into? Question: What does LVL stand for? Question: About how many cubic meters of wood was used in 1991 to make products like glulam, LVL, and structural composite lumber? Question: If current building trends continue, what material will be replaced by particle and fiber board?
Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are widely used: wood fibers are an important component of most paper, and cellulose is used as a component of some synthetic materials. Wood derivatives can also be used for kinds of flooring, for example laminate flooring.

Question: How is wood broken down into chips and fibers? Question: What material results from chemically breaking down wood? Question: What's the abbreviation for medium-density fiberboard? Question: What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers? Question: What type of flooring can be made from wood derivatives?
Wood has always been used extensively for furniture, such as chairs and beds. It is also used for tool handles and cutlery, such as chopsticks, toothpicks, and other utensils, like the wooden spoon.

Question: What category of products usually made from wood includes chairs? Question: What pieces of furniture that most people use every night can be made out of wood? Question: Which parts of tools are sometimes made out of wood? Question: What special wooden utensils do many people use to eat Chinese takeout? Question: What wooden utensil could you stir a pot of soup with?
Further developments include new lignin glue applications, recyclable food packaging, rubber tire replacement applications, anti-bacterial medical agents, and high strength fabrics or composites. As scientists and engineers further learn and develop new techniques to extract various components from wood, or alternatively to modify wood, for example by adding components to wood, new more advanced products will appear on the marketplace. Moisture content electronic monitoring can also enhance next generation wood protection.

Question: Development in the wood manufacturing industry include using lignin to make what substance? Question: Instead of rubber, what important part of a car might someday be replaced by components of wood? Question: What material might be developed from wood that could make clothes that resist wear and tear? Question: In addition to extracting components from wood, what might scientist do by adding components, for example, to make innovative products? Question: What could we monitor electronically that could help inform new methods of wood protection?
Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. It is also used in woodcut printmaking, and for engraving.

Question: Along with sculptures, what type of art have people been making out of wood for centuries? Question: What did indigenous people in North America make out of the trunks of conifers? Question: What type of tree was often used for totem poles? Question: What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower? Question: What city in Scotland would you visit to see the Millennium clock tower?
Certain types of musical instruments, such as those of the violin family, the guitar, the clarinet and recorder, the xylophone, and the marimba, are traditionally made mostly or entirely of wood. The choice of wood may make a significant difference to the tone and resonant qualities of the instrument, and tonewoods have widely differing properties, ranging from the hard and dense african blackwood (used for the bodies of clarinets) to the light but resonant European spruce (Picea abies), which is traditionally used for the soundboards of violins. The most valuable tonewoods, such as the ripple sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), used for the backs of violins, combine acoustic properties with decorative color and grain which enhance the appearance of the finished instrument.

Question: Along with resonance, what property of an instrument will be affected by the wood used to make it? Question: What category of wood is often used for musical instruments? Question: What kind of wood are clarinet bodies made from? Question: What's the common name for Picea abies? Question: What expensive wood with a prized color is used to make the backs of violins?
Despite their collective name, not all woodwind instruments are made entirely of wood. The reeds used to play them, however, are usually made from Arundo donax, a type of monocot cane plant.

Question: What type of instruments with a misleading name aren't always made completely out of wood? Question: What objects do musicians have to have in order to play woodwind instruments? Question: What are woodwind instrument's reeds often made out of? Question: Is the Arundo donax a monocot or dicot cane plant?
Many types of sports equipment are made of wood, or were constructed of wood in the past. For example, cricket bats are typically made of white willow. The baseball bats which are legal for use in Major League Baseball are frequently made of ash wood or hickory, and in recent years have been constructed from maple even though that wood is somewhat more fragile. NBA courts have been traditionally made out of parquetry.

Question: What wood is usually used for cricket bats? Question: Ash and hickory are often used for baseball bats to comply with the rules of what organization? Question: What wood has recently started being used to make baseball bats in addition to hickory and ash? Question: Compared to hickory and ash, what adjective might be used for a maple baseball bat? Question: What is commonly used for the basketball courts the NBA plays on?
Many other types of sports and recreation equipment, such as skis, ice hockey sticks, lacrosse sticks and archery bows, were commonly made of wood in the past, but have since been replaced with more modern materials such as aluminium, fiberglass, carbon fiber, titanium, and composite materials. One noteworthy example of this trend is the golf club commonly known as the wood, the head of which was traditionally made of persimmon wood in the early days of the game of golf, but is now generally made of synthetic materials.

Question: Which pieces of ice hockey equipment were once made out of wood? Question: What pieces of equipment for shooting arrows used to be wooden? Question: What other modern material has joined composites, carbon fiber, titanium, and aluminum to replace wood in the manufacture of sporting equipment? Question: When the golf club called the "wood" was actually made out of it, what type of wood was used? Question: What is the golf club known as the "wood" usually made out of today?
Little is known about the bacteria that degrade cellulose. Symbiotic bacteria in Xylophaga may play a role in the degradation of sunken wood; while bacteria such as Alphaproteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Actinobacteria, Clostridia, and Bacteroidetes have been detected in wood submerged over a year.

Question: What component of wood is degraded by bacteria that scientists are still trying to learn about? Question: What type of bacteria are present in Xylophaga? Question: What type of wood is it possible the bacteria in Xylophaga help break down? Question: What bacteria starting with the letter "F" were found in wood after it was underwater for more than a year? Question: How long was the wood submerged in water in the study that discovered the types of bacteria in it?
Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال‎) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 million and are principally concentrated in Somalia (around 12.3 million), Ethiopia (4.6 million), Kenya (2.4 million), and Djibouti (464,600), with many also residing in parts of the Middle East, North America and Europe.

Question: What part of the Afro-Asiatic language family is Somali a part of? Question: What language family is Somali a part of? Question: What is the majority religion of Somalis? Question: How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia? Question: What country has the second largest Somali population?
Irir Samaale, the oldest common ancestor of several Somali clans, is generally regarded as the source of the ethnonym Somali. The name "Somali" is, in turn, held to be derived from the words soo and maal, which together mean "go and milk" — a reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism of the Somali people. Another plausible etymology proposes that the term Somali is derived from the Arabic for "wealthy" (dhawamaal), again referring to Somali riches in livestock.

Question: From whom are several Somali clans descended? Question: From what words is the term 'Somali' generally regarded as being derived? Question: What does 'soo and maal' mean in English? Question: What word in Arabic means 'wealthy' in English? Question: What resource traditionally comprised Somali wealth?
An Ancient Chinese document from the 9th century referred to the northern Somali coast — which was then called "Berbera" by Arab geographers in reference to the region's "Berber" (Cushitic) inhabitants — as Po-pa-li. The first clear written reference of the sobriquet Somali, however, dates back to the 15th century. During the wars between the Sultanate of Ifat based at Zeila and the Solomonic Dynasty, the Abyssinian Emperor had one of his court officials compose a hymn celebrating a military victory over the Sultan of Ifat's eponymous troops.

Question: What did the Arabs call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century? Question: What did the Chinese call the northern Somali coast in the 9th century? Question: In what century was the term 'Somali' first used? Question: Where was the Sultanate of Ifat located? Question: Who ordered that a hymn be composed that first mentioned the Somalis?
Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman.

Question: How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created? Question: In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found? Question: Where are the most notable rock paintings located? Question: Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel? Question: Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist?
Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories.

Question: What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings? Question: During what period did the Doian culture thrive? Question: Along with the Hargesian culture, what culture was present in Somalia in the Stone age?
The oldest evidence of burial customs in the Horn of Africa comes from cemeteries in Somalia dating back to 4th millennium BC. The stone implements from the Jalelo site in northern Somalia are said to be the most important link in evidence of the universality in palaeolithic times between the East and the West.

Question: In what country is the oldest evidence of ceremonial burial in the Horn of Africa located? Question: From what millennium do the oldest cemeteries in the Horn of Africa date? Question: At what site were important paleolithic stone tools found? Question: In what geographic part of Somalia were important paleolithic stone tools found?
In antiquity, the ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the ancient world. Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.

Question: What economic activity in the Horn of Africa did the ancient Somalis connect to the rest of the world? Question: Along with myrrh and spices, what important luxury did ancient Somali merchants provide? Question: Along with the ancient Phoenicians, Egyptians and Babylonians, what ancient people regarded myrrh as a luxury?
According to most scholars, the ancient Land of Punt and its inhabitants formed part of the ethnogenesis of the Somali people. The ancient Puntites were a nation of people that had close relations with Pharaonic Egypt during the times of Pharaoh Sahure and Queen Hatshepsut. The pyramidal structures, temples and ancient houses of dressed stone littered around Somalia are said to date from this period.

Question: What ancient land was connected to the modern Somali people? Question: What nation did the Land of Put have a close relationship with? Question: Who was a Queen of Egypt during the time when Punt and Egypt were close? Question: Along with houses of dressed stone, what ancient architecture may have been influenced by Egypt?
In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia.

Question: Along with Mosylon, Malao, Nikon, Sarapion, Opone and Essina, what city-state flourished in ancient Somalia? Question: Near what headland was Mosylon located? Question: Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis? Question: What trade did the ancient Somalis and others compete for?
The birth of Islam on the opposite side of Somalia's Red Sea coast meant that Somali merchants, sailors and expatriates living in the Arabian Peninsula gradually came under the influence of the new religion through their converted Arab Muslim trading partners. With the migration of fleeing Muslim families from the Islamic world to Somalia in the early centuries of Islam and the peaceful conversion of the Somali population by Somali Muslim scholars in the following centuries, the ancient city-states eventually transformed into Islamic Mogadishu, Berbera, Zeila, Barawa and Merca, which were part of the Berberi civilization. The city of Mogadishu came to be known as the City of Islam, and controlled the East African gold trade for several centuries.

Question: What body of water separated Somalia from the land where Islam was born? Question: In what location was Islam born? Question: What civilization was Mogadishu a part of? Question: What was another name for Mogadishu? Question: The trade of what luxury in East Africa was once centered on Mogadishu?
The Sultanate of Ifat, led by the Walashma dynasty with its capital at Zeila, ruled over parts of what is now eastern Ethiopia, Djibouti, and northern Somalia. The historian al-Umari records that Ifat was situated near the Red Sea coast, and states its size as 15 days travel by 20 days travel. Its army numbered 15,000 horsemen and 20,000 foot soldiers. Al-Umari also credits Ifat with seven "mother cities": Belqulzar, Kuljura, Shimi, Shewa, Adal, Jamme and Laboo.

Question: What dynasty ruled the Sultanate of Ifat? Question: What was the capital of the Sultanate of Ifat? Question: Along with parts of Ethiopia and Somalia, in what modern-day country was the Sultanate of Ifat located? Question: Near what body of water did al-Umari say Ifat was located? Question: According to al-Umari, how many cavalry did the Sultanate of Ifat have?
In the Middle Ages, several powerful Somali empires dominated the regional trade including the Ajuran Sultanate, which excelled in hydraulic engineering and fortress building, the Sultanate of Adal, whose general Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Ahmed Gurey) was the first commander to use cannon warfare on the continent during Adal's conquest of the Ethiopian Empire, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, whose military dominance forced governors of the Omani empire north of the city of Lamu to pay tribute to the Somali Sultan Ahmed Yusuf.

Question: What Somali polity of the Middle Ages was known for its fortresses? Question: What state employed Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi? Question: What was another name by which Abmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was known? Question: What state did Adal conquer? Question: What Somali leader received tribute from the Omani empire?
In the late 19th century, after the Berlin conference had ended, European empires sailed with their armies to the Horn of Africa. The imperial clouds wavering over Somalia alarmed the Dervish leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, who gathered Somali soldiers from across the Horn of Africa and began one of the longest anti-colonial wars ever. The Dervish State successfully repulsed the British empire four times and forced it to retreat to the coastal region. As a result of its successes against the British, the Dervish State received support from the Ottoman and German empires. The Turks also named Hassan Emir of the Somali nation, and the Germans promised to officially recognize any territories the Dervishes were to acquire. After a quarter of a century of holding the British at bay, the Dervishes were finally defeated in 1920, when Britain for the first time in Africa used airplanes to bomb the Dervish capital of Taleex. As a result of this bombardment, former Dervish territories were turned into a protectorate of Britain. Italy similarly faced the same opposition from Somali Sultans and armies and did not acquire full control of parts of modern Somalia until the Fascist era in late 1927. This occupation lasted till 1941 and was replaced by a British military administration.

Question: What states supported the Dervish State? Question: In what year did the British defeat the Dervishes? Question: What was the capital of the Dervish State? Question: In what year did Fascist Italy achieve full control of Somalia? Question: In what year did the Italian occupation of Somalia end?
Following World War II, Britain retained control of both British Somaliland and Italian Somaliland as protectorates. In 1945, during the Potsdam Conference, the United Nations granted Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland, but only under close supervision and on the condition — first proposed by the Somali Youth League (SYL) and other nascent Somali political organizations, such as Hizbia Digil Mirifle Somali (HDMS) and the Somali National League (SNL) — that Somalia achieve independence within ten years. British Somaliland remained a protectorate of Britain until 1960.

Question: Along with British Somaliland, what country in the region was a British protectorate after the Second World War? Question: At what meeting did the United Nations give Italy trusteeship of Italian Somaliland? Question: Along with the Somali Youth League and Somali National League, what was an early Somali political organization? Question: How many years would Italy have to allow Italian Somaliland to become independent? Question: In what year was the British protectorate over British Somaliland ended?