derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
The Church of England declared its independence from the Catholic Church at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Reformed tradition. These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for them, the then Archbishop of Canterbury Thomas Cranmer, as navigating a middle way between two of the emerging Protestant traditions, namely Lutheranism and Calvinism. By the end of the century, the retention in Anglicanism of many traditional liturgical forms and of the episcopate was already seen as unacceptable by those promoting the most developed Protestant principles.

Question: Who did the Church of England split from? Question: At what time did the Church of England become independent? Question: Who headed the Anglican reforms in the middle of the 16th century? Question: The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions? Question: What liturgical forms in Anglicanism were considered unacceptable by many progressive Protestants?
Baptists subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers (believer's baptism, as opposed to infant baptism), and that it must be done by complete immersion (as opposed to affusion or sprinkling). Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency (liberty), salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, pastors and deacons. Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity.

Question: According to Baptists, who should have baptisms? Question: What type of baptism do Baptists conduct? Question: What is another term for soul competency? Question: What two offices do Baptists have? Question: What type of churches are most Baptists churches considered to be?
Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with English Separatist John Smyth as its pastor. In accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christ's atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies. In the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening increased Baptist growth in both New England and the South. The Second Great Awakening in the South in the early 19th century increased church membership, as did the preachers' lessening of support for abolition and manumission of slavery, which had been part of the 18th-century teachings. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent.

Question: Where was the earliest Baptist church founded? Question: Who was the pastor of the first Baptist church? Question: Who believed that Christ's atonement was for everyone? Question: Who founded the first Baptist group in what is now the United States? Question: Who has spread the teachings of the Baptists to each continent?
Today, this term also refers to the doctrines and practices of the Reformed churches of which Calvin was an early leader. Less commonly, it can refer to the individual teaching of Calvin himself. The particulars of Calvinist theology may be stated in a number of ways. Perhaps the best known summary is contained in the five points of Calvinism, though these points identify the Calvinist view on soteriology rather than summarizing the system as a whole. Broadly speaking, Calvinism stresses the sovereignty or rule of God in all things — in salvation but also in all of life. This concept is seen clearly in the doctrines of predestination and total depravity.

Question: Who was an early leader in the Reformed churches? Question: What is the most well-known summary of Calvin's teachings? Question: What area does the five points of Calvinism focus on? Question: What is a brief description of Calvinism? Question: What Calvinism doctrines are examples of the concept of the sovereignty of God?
Today, Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism. With approximately 80 million adherents, it constitutes the third most common Protestant confession after historically Pentecostal denominations and Anglicanism. The Lutheran World Federation, the largest global communion of Lutheran churches represents over 72 million people. Additionally, there are also many smaller bodies such as the International Lutheran Council and the Confessional Evangelical Lutheran Conference, as well as independent churches.

Question: What is one of the largest Protestant branches with 80 million members? Question: How popular is the branch of Lutheranism? Question: What is the largest body of Lutheran churches? Question: How many people belong to the Lutheran World Federation? Question: Name two smaller Lutheran church bodies.
Methodism identifies principally with the theology of John Wesley—an Anglican priest and evangelist. This evangelical movement originated as a revival within the 18th-century Church of England and became a separate Church following Wesley's death. Because of vigorous missionary activity, the movement spread throughout the British Empire, the United States, and beyond, today claiming approximately 80 million adherents worldwide. Originally it appealed especially to workers, agricultural workers, and slaves.

Question: Who was the inspiration for Methodism? Question: What was John Wesley's occupation? Question: How did the Methodist movement spread so far and wide? Question: How many Methodists are there in the world today? Question: Who did Methodism originally attract?
Soteriologically, most Methodists are Arminian, emphasizing that Christ accomplished salvation for every human being, and that humans must exercise an act of the will to receive it (as opposed to the traditional Calvinist doctrine of monergism). Methodism is traditionally low church in liturgy, although this varies greatly between individual congregations; the Wesleys themselves greatly valued the Anglican liturgy and tradition. Methodism is known for its rich musical tradition; John Wesley's brother, Charles, was instrumental in writing much of the hymnody of the Methodist Church, and many other eminent hymn writers come from the Methodist tradition.

Question: Methodists believe that Christ achieved salvation for whom? Question: What do Methodists believe that one must do to receive Christ's salvation? Question: What Calvinist doctrine is focuses on salvation? Question: What is Methodism known for, as far as music goes? Question: Who wrote most of the Methodist hymns?
This branch of Protestantism is distinguished by belief in the baptism with the Holy Spirit as an experience separate from conversion that enables a Christian to live a Holy Spirit–filled and empowered life. This empowerment includes the use of spiritual gifts such as speaking in tongues and divine healing—two other defining characteristics of Pentecostalism. Because of their commitment to biblical authority, spiritual gifts, and the miraculous, Pentecostals tend to see their movement as reflecting the same kind of spiritual power and teachings that were found in the Apostolic Age of the early church. For this reason, some Pentecostals also use the term Apostolic or Full Gospel to describe their movement.

Question: Pentecostals believe in baptism with what entity? Question: Give two examples of spiritual gifts. Question: What three things are Pentecostals committed to? Question: Pentecostals liken their teachings to those of what age? Question: What are other terms used to describe Pentecostalism?
Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global South. Since the 1960s, Pentecostalism has increasingly gained acceptance from other Christian traditions, and Pentecostal beliefs concerning Spirit baptism and spiritual gifts have been embraced by non-Pentecostal Christians in Protestant and Catholic churches through the Charismatic Movement. Together, Pentecostal and Charismatic Christianity numbers over 500 million adherents.

Question: How many denominations were spawned by Pentecostalism? Question: How many Pentecostals are there in the world? Question: Where is Pentecostalism currently growing the most? Question: What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs? Question: Who can claim over 500 million members?
There are many other Protestant denominations that do not fit neatly into the mentioned branches, and are far smaller in membership. Some groups of individuals who hold basic Protestant tenets identify themselves simply as "Christians" or "born-again Christians". They typically distance themselves from the confessionalism and/or creedalism of other Christian communities by calling themselves "non-denominational" or "evangelical". Often founded by individual pastors, they have little affiliation with historic denominations.

Question: What do some groups of people who believe in basic Protestant principles identify as? Question: What denomination do these small groups belong to? Question: Who has founded these small groups of Christians? Question: How much affiliation do these small groups have with historical denominations?
The Plymouth Brethren are a conservative, low church, evangelical movement, whose history can be traced to Dublin, Ireland, in the late 1820s, originating from Anglicanism. Among other beliefs, the group emphasizes sola scriptura. Brethren generally see themselves not as a denomination, but as a network, or even as a collection of overlapping networks, of like-minded independent churches. Although the group refused for many years to take any denominational name to itself—a stance that some of them still maintain—the title The Brethren, is one that many of their number are comfortable with in that the Bible designates all believers as brethren.

Question: Where do the Plymouth Brethren hail from? Question: When did the Plymouth Brethren originate? Question: What denomination do the Brethren originate from? Question: What belief is the emphasis of the Plymouth Brethren? Question: Though the Plymouth Brethren do not have a denominational name, what name is generally used for them?
Quakers, or Friends, are members of a family of religious movements collectively known as the Religious Society of Friends. The central unifying doctrine of these movements is the priesthood of all believers. Many Friends view themselves as members of a Christian denomination. They include those with evangelical, holiness, liberal, and traditional conservative Quaker understandings of Christianity. Unlike many other groups that emerged within Christianity, the Religious Society of Friends has actively tried to avoid creeds and hierarchical structures.

Question: What is another informal name for Quaker? Question: What collective movement are the Quakers associated with? Question: What is the Quakers unifying belief? Question: What types of Christianity do Quakers belong to? Question: What have the Quakers tried to avoid?
There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements are sometimes capable of affecting parts of the Roman Catholic Church, such as does it the Charismatic Movement, which aims to incorporate beliefs and practices similar to Pentecostals into the various branches of Christianity. Neo-charismatic churches are sometimes regarded as a subgroup of the Charismatic Movement. Nondenominational churches often adopt, or are akin to one of these movements.

Question: What is a prominent example of a movement which crosses over denominational lines? Question: Which movement actually affected the Catholic Church? Question: What groups beliefs does the Charismatic Movement seek to add to branches of Christianity? Question: Name a sub-group of the Charismatic Movement. Question: What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs?
It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.

Question: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism? Question: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism? Question: Methodism is part of what movement? Question: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?
In America, Episcopalian Dennis Bennett is sometimes cited as one of the charismatic movement's seminal influence. In the United Kingdom, Colin Urquhart, Michael Harper, David Watson and others were in the vanguard of similar developments. The Massey conference in New Zealand, 1964 was attended by several Anglicans, including the Rev. Ray Muller, who went on to invite Bennett to New Zealand in 1966, and played a leading role in developing and promoting the Life in the Spirit seminars. Other Charismatic movement leaders in New Zealand include Bill Subritzky.

Question: What American is considered to have been a seminal influence in the charismatic movement? Question: Name UK influences on the Charismatic movement. Question: Where was the Massey conference held? Question: When was the Massey conference held? Question: The Massey conference eventually led to developing what seminars?
Larry Christenson, a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro, California, did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans. A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis. Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influential; especially "Hosanna!" in Lakeville, and North Heights in St. Paul. The next generation of Lutheran charismatics cluster around the Alliance of Renewal Churches. There is considerable charismatic activity among young Lutheran leaders in California centered around an annual gathering at Robinwood Church in Huntington Beach. Richard A. Jensen's Touched by the Spirit published in 1974, played a major role of the Lutheran understanding to the charismatic movement.

Question: Who helped Lutherans understand the charismatic movement in the 1960s? Question: In what state did charismatic Lutheran congregations grow to be quite large? Question: Where is an annual event that has quite a bit of charismatic activity? Question: Who wrote Touched by the Spirit? Question: What was published in 1974?
In Congregational and Presbyterian churches which profess a traditionally Calvinist or Reformed theology there are differing views regarding present-day continuation or cessation of the gifts (charismata) of the Spirit. Generally, however, Reformed charismatics distance themselves from renewal movements with tendencies which could be perceived as overemotional, such as Word of Faith, Toronto Blessing, Brownsville Revival and Lakeland Revival. Prominent Reformed charismatic denominations are the Sovereign Grace Churches and the Every Nation Churches in the USA, in Great Britain there is the Newfrontiers churches and movement, which leading figure is Terry Virgo.

Question: What is a name for gifts of the Spirit? Question: What tendencies do reformed charismatics avoid? Question: Name the renewal movements which could be considered overemotional. Question: Where is Every Nations Churches located? Question: Who heads the Newfrontiers movement?
Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (and later into Wales), and were spread into lay society and parts of the educational system, particularly certain colleges of the University of Cambridge. They took on distinctive beliefs about clerical dress and in opposition to the episcopal system, particularly after the 1619 conclusions of the Synod of Dort they were resisted by the English bishops. They largely adopted Sabbatarianism in the 17th century, and were influenced by millennialism.

Question: What group was very much hampered in England from making changes? Question: What college was influenced by Puritan beliefs? Question: When was the Synod of Dort? Question: What movement did the Puritans adopt in the 17th century? Question: What movement influenced the Puritans?
They formed, and identified with various religious groups advocating greater purity of worship and doctrine, as well as personal and group piety. Puritans adopted a Reformed theology, but they also took note of radical criticisms of Zwingli in Zurich and Calvin in Geneva. In church polity, some advocated for separation from all other Christians, in favor of autonomous gathered churches. These separatist and independent strands of Puritanism became prominent in the 1640s, when the supporters of a Presbyterian polity in the Westminster Assembly were unable to forge a new English national church.

Question: What types of piety did the Puritans advocate? Question: What type of theology did Puritans accept? Question: Where was Calvin criticized? Question: When did separatists become powerful in Puritanism? Question: At what gathering were supporters unsuccessful in establishing a new national church?
Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to marry. Many of their families contributed to the development of intellectual elites in their countries. Since about 1950, women have entered the ministry, and some have assumed leading positions (e.g. bishops), in most Protestant churches.

Question: What religious movement affected education, politics, the economy, and marriage? Question: What churches let their clergy marry? Question: What priesthood rules do Protestant churches reject? Question: When did women join the Protestant ministry? Question: What types of churches have women had leading positions?
As the Reformers wanted all members of the church to be able to read the Bible, education on all levels got a strong boost. By the middle of the eighteenth century, the literacy rate in England was about 60 per cent, in Scotland 65 per cent, and in Sweden eight of ten men and women were able to read and to write. Colleges and universities were founded. For example, the Puritans who established Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1628 founded Harvard College only eight years later. About a dozen other colleges followed in the 18th century, including Yale (1701). Pennsylvania also became a centre of learning.

Question: What did Reformers increase so that their followers could read the Bible? Question: In the middle of the eighteenth century, how many Swedes could read and write? Question: Who founded Harvard College? Question: When was Yale founded? Question: What state became a hub of learning?
The Protestant concept of God and man allows believers to use all their God-given faculties, including the power of reason. That means that they are allowed to explore God's creation and, according to Genesis 2:15, make use of it in a responsible and sustainable way. Thus a cultural climate was created that greatly enhanced the development of the humanities and the sciences. Another consequence of the Protestant understanding of man is that the believers, in gratitude for their election and redemption in Christ, are to follow God's commandments. Industry, frugality, calling, discipline, and a strong sense of responsibility are at the heart of their moral code. In particular, Calvin rejected luxury. Therefore, craftsmen, industrialists, and other businessmen were able to reinvest the greater part of their profits in the most efficient machinery and the most modern production methods that were based on progress in the sciences and technology. As a result, productivity grew, which led to increased profits and enabled employers to pay higher wages. In this way, the economy, the sciences, and technology reinforced each other. The chance to participate in the economic success of technological inventions was a strong incentive to both inventors and investors. The Protestant work ethic was an important force behind the unplanned and uncoordinated mass action that influenced the development of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution. This idea is also known as the "Protestant ethic thesis."

Question: What is the heart of the Protestant moral code? Question: What did Calvin particular reject? Question: What was a strong reason for inventors and investors to work on technical inventions? Question: What work ethic was an influence on capitalism and the Industrial Revolution? Question: What is another name for the Protestant work ethic?
In a factor analysis of the latest wave of World Values Survey data, Arno Tausch (Corvinus University of Budapest) found that Protestantism emerges to be very close to combining religion and the traditions of liberalism. The Global Value Development Index, calculated by Tausch, relies on the World Values Survey dimensions such as trust in the state of law, no support for shadow economy, postmaterial activism, support for democracy, a non-acceptance of violence, xenophobia and racism, trust in transnational capital and Universities, confidence in the market economy, supporting gender justice, and engaging in environmental activism, etc.

Question: Who calculated the Global Value Development Index? Question: Who did an analysis of World Values Survey data? Question: What university is Arno Tausch from? Question: What does a good job of combining religion and liberalism? Question: What type of engagement is considered a World Value?
Episcopalians and Presbyterians, as well as other WASPs, tend to be considerably wealthier and better educated (having graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita) than most other religious groups in United States, and are disproportionately represented in the upper reaches of American business, law and politics, especially the Republican Party. Numbers of the most wealthy and affluent American families as the Vanderbilts and the Astors, Rockefeller, Du Pont, Roosevelt, Forbes, Whitneys, the Morgans and Harrimans are Mainline Protestant families.

Question: What denominations are considered to be wealthier than most other groups? Question: What denominations are considered to be better educated than most other groups? Question: Other than politics, what areas have a disproportionately large number of Protestants? Question: What political group has a disproportionately large number of Protestants? Question: Affluent American families are what type of families?