derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
For decades, the U.S. federal government strenuously tried to force Puerto Ricans to adopt English, to the extent of making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools. It was completely unsuccessful, and retreated from that policy in 1948. Puerto Rico was able to maintain its Spanish language, culture, and identity because the relatively small, densely populated island was already home to nearly a million people at the time of the U.S. takeover, all of those spoke Spanish, and the territory was never hit with a massive influx of millions of English speakers like the vast territory acquired from Mexico 50 years earlier.

Question: Did America try to make Puerto Rico an English speaking territory? Question: How did America try to make Puerto Rico's language English? Question: Was English in Puerto Rico successful? Question: How did Puerto Rico stay a Spanish speaking territory? Question: Does Puerto Rico have many English speaking residents?
At over 5 million, Puerto Ricans are easily the 2nd largest Hispanic group. Of all major Hispanic groups, Puerto Ricans are the least likely to be proficient in Spanish, but millions of Puerto Rican Americans living in the U.S. mainland nonetheless are fluent in Spanish. Puerto Ricans are natural-born U.S. citizens, and many Puerto Ricans have migrated to New York City, Orlando, Philadelphia, and other areas of the Eastern United States, increasing the Spanish-speaking populations and in some areas being the majority of the Hispanophone population, especially in Central Florida. In Hawaii, where Puerto Rican farm laborers and Mexican ranchers have settled since the late 19th century, 7.0 per cent of the islands' people are either Hispanic or Hispanophone or both.

Question: How many Puerto Ricans are there? Question: Do they speak Spanish fluently? Question: Where are the biggest population of Puerto Ricans on the mainland? Question: Does Florida have a high Hispanic population? Question: Are Hispanics in Hawaii?
Immigration to the United States of Spanish-speaking Cubans began because of Cuba's political instability upon achieving independence. The deposition of Fulgencio Batista's dictatorship and the ascension of Fidel Castro's government in 1959 increased Cuban immigration to the United States, hence there are some one million Cubans in the United States, most settled in southern and central Florida, while other Cubans live in the Northeastern United States; most are fluent in Spanish. In the city of Miami today Spanish is the first language mostly due to Cuban immigration.

Question: Why did Cubans come to the United States? Question: What year did most Cubans start coming to America? Question: Where do most Cuban Americans live? Question: Do Cubans speak Spanish in America? Question: Is there a particular place where Cubans live and speak Spanish in the U.S.?
Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas.

Question: What other Spanish Speaking people come to America? Question: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America? Question: When did the Nicaraguans arrive? Question: Was there a specific reason many Nicaraguans fled to the U.S.? Question: Where did Nicaraguans settle in America?
The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans.

Question: Why did Salvadorans come to America? Question: When did Salvadorans come to America? Question: How many Salvadorans immigrated? Question: What is the population of Salvadorans living in America? Question: Where do Salvadorans fall on the scale for Hispanic living in America?
As civil wars engulfed several Central American countries in the 1980s, hundreds of thousands of Salvadorans fled their country and came to the United States. Between 1980 and 1990, the Salvadoran immigrant population in the United States increased nearly fivefold from 94,000 to 465,000. The number of Salvadoran immigrants in the United States continued to grow in the 1990s and 2000s as a result of family reunification and new arrivals fleeing a series of natural disasters that hit El Salvador, including earthquakes and hurricanes. By 2008, there were about 1.1 million Salvadoran immigrants in the United States.

Question: Why did Central Americans flee to the U.S.? Question: When did Salvadorans flee Question: Are the Salvadorans a large population in the U.S.? Question: Is the  Salvadoran population still growing? Question: How many  Salvadorans  are in America now?
Until the 20th century, there was no clear record of the number of Venezuelans who emigrated to the United States. Between the 18th and early 19th centuries, there were many European immigrants who went to Venezuela, only to later migrate to the United States along with their children and grandchildren who born and/or grew up in Venezuela speaking Spanish. From 1910 to 1930, it is estimated that over 4,000 South Americans each year emigrated to the United States; however, there are few specific figures indicating these statistics. Many Venezuelans settled in the United States with hopes of receiving a better education, only to remain in there following graduation. They are frequently joined by relatives. However, since the early 1980s, the reasons for Venezuelan emigration have changed to include hopes of earning a higher salary and due to the economic fluctuations in Venezuela which also promoted an important migration of Venezuelan professionals to the US.

Question: When did the Venezuelans emigrate to the united states? Question: Does Venezuela have immigrates from other countries? Question: Why did Venezuelans come to America? Question: Do Venezuelans still come to America for the same reasons as they did before?
In the 2000s, more Venezuelans opposing the economic and political policies of president Hugo Chávez migrated to the United States (mostly to Florida, but New York City and Houston are other destinations). The largest concentration of Venezuelans in the United States is in South Florida, especially the suburbs of Doral and Weston. Other main states with Venezuelan American populations are, according to the 1990 census, New York, California, Texas (adding their existing Hispanic populations), New Jersey, Massachusetts and Maryland. Some of the urban areas with a high Venezuelan community include Miami, New York City, Los Angeles, and Washington, D.C.

Question: How did Chavez affect the Venezuelans? Question: What areas of America did the Venezuelans settle in? Question: Are there any other areas of America Venezuelans settled in? Question: Where are the most populated city's Venezuelan live in?
Although the United States has no de jure official language, English is the dominant language of business, education, government, religion, media, culture, civil society, and the public sphere. Virtually all state and federal government agencies and large corporations use English as their internal working language, especially at the management level. Some states, such as New Mexico, provide bilingual legislated notices and official documents, in Spanish and English, and other commonly used languages. By 2015, there was a trend that most Americans and American residents who are of Hispanic descent speak only English in the home.

Question: Is there an official language of the United States? Question: What language is spoken in the U.S.A? Question: Is there such a thing as bilingual state? Question: Do American Hispanics speak English in the home?
The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s, although the Tucson area had a higher ratio of anglophones (including Mexican Americans who were fluent in English); the continuous arrival of Mexican settlers increases the number of Spanish-speakers.

Question: Has some states like Arizona embraced their Mexican history? Question: What is the states history? Question: Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives. Question: Are Arizona and New Mexico residents speaking Spanish or English?
New Mexico is commonly thought to have Spanish as an official language alongside English because of its wide usage and legal promotion of Spanish in the state; however, the state has no official language. New Mexico's laws are promulgated bilingually in Spanish and English. Although English is the state government's paper working language, government business is often conducted in Spanish, particularly at the local level. Spanish has been spoken in the New Mexico-Colorado border and the contemporary U.S.–Mexico border since the 16th century.[citation needed]

Question: Is New Mexico known for the Spanish language? Question: Does New Mexico have an official language? Question: What language is New Mexico's language written in? Question: How long has New Mexico been speaking Spanish?
Because of its relative isolation from other Spanish-speaking areas over most of its 400-year existence, New Mexico Spanish, and in particular the Spanish of northern New Mexico and Colorado has retained many elements of 16th- and 17th-century Spanish and has developed its own vocabulary. In addition, it contains many words from Nahuatl, the language spoken by the ancient Aztecs of Mexico. New Mexican Spanish also contains loan words from the Pueblo languages of the upper Rio Grande Valley, Mexican-Spanish words (mexicanismos), and borrowings from English. Grammatical changes include the loss of the second person verb form, changes in verb endings, particularly in the preterite, and partial merging of the second and third conjugations.

Question: Why is New Mexico always an after thought in American -Spanish speaking society? Question: Is New Mexico's language different than from other Spanish dialect Question: How does New Mexico's Spanish dialect differ? Question: Does New Mexico's language also include other dialect? Question: Does New Mexico also use language from the  American language when spoken in Spanish?
In Texas, English is the state's de facto official language (though it lacks de jure status) and is used in government. However, the continual influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants increased the import of Spanish in Texas. Texas's counties bordering Mexico are mostly Hispanic, and consequently, Spanish is commonly spoken in the region. The Government of Texas, through Section 2054.116 of the Government Code, mandates that state agencies provide information on their websites in Spanish to assist residents who have limited English proficiency.

Question: What is Texas official language? Question: Are there exceptions to Texas official language? Question: How does Texas handle people who don't speak English, but live in Mexico? Question: How does this mandate help Spanish speaking residents?
Spanish is currently the most widely taught non-English language in American secondary schools and of higher education. More than 1.4 million university students were enrolled in language courses in autumn of 2002 and Spanish is the most widely taught language in American colleges and universities with 53 percent of the total number of people enrolled, followed by French (14.4%), German (7.1%), Italian (4.5%), American Sign language (4.3%), Japanese (3.7%), and Chinese (2.4%) although the totals remain relatively small in relation to the total U.S population.

Question: What language, other than English, is spoken in the U.S.? Question: Are students taught Spanish in american schools? Question: How popular are Spanish language classes in the U.S,? Question: What other languages are popular among American students? Question: Are these other languages learned in the U.S. as popular as Spanish?
The State of the Union Addresses and other presidential speeches are translated to Spanish, following the precedent set by the Bill Clinton administration. Official Spanish translations are available at WhiteHouse.gov. Moreover, non-Hispanic American origin politicians fluent in Spanish-speak in Spanish to Hispanic majority constituencies. There are 500 Spanish newspapers, 152 magazines, and 205 publishers in the United States; magazine and local television advertising expenditures for the Hispanic market have increased much from 1999 to 2003, with growth of 58 percent and 43 percent, respectively.

Question: What political speaches are delivered in English and Spanish? Question: Was this always the case in American political addresses? Question: Does Washington (government) operate in both languages (bilingual-Spanish?) Question: If someone is not bilingual and only speaks Spanish, how do they learn about current events? Question: Is the Hispanic population relevant to the American media?
Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the preferred language of Hispanics, particularly by the young and the native-born. The complete set of these studies' demographic projections postulates the near-complete assimilation of a given Hispanophone immigrant cohort within two generations. Although his study based itself upon a large 1976 sample from the Bureau of the Census (which has not been repeated), data from the 1990 Census tend to confirm the great Anglicization of the US Hispanic American origin population.

Question: Are there studies on Hispanic-American language? Question: What is Calvin Veltman' study about? Question: What was Calvin Veltman' findings? Question: Is Calvin Veltman' relevant to today's Hispanic Americans? Question: Are there other similar findings similar to Calvin Veltman' for the modern age?
Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

Question: What is the oldest city in South Carolina? Question: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in? Question: What county is Charleston located in? Question: Charleston is located on what harbor? Question: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean? Question: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean? Question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor? Question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

Question: What year was Charleston founded? Question: What year was Charleston originally founded? Question: What was Charleston's original name? Question: What was the originally name of Charleston? Question: Charles Town was named after which king? Question: Who was Charles Town named after? Question: Where was the city originally located? Question: Where was Charleston's first location? Question: What was Charleston's population in 2010? Question: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.

Question: How large is Charleston, South Carolina? Question: How of Charleston's total area is dry land? Question: How much of Charleston is covered by water? Question: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula? Question: What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River?
Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

Question: What season is the wettest in Charleston? Question: What is the wettest season in Charleston? Question: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur? Question: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form? Question: What season is characterized as short in Charleston? Question: What season is considered short in Charleston? Question: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989? Question: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?
The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).

Question: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits? Question: What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit? Question: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record? Question: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall? Question: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989?
The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

Question: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area? Question: What is the third largest city in South Carolina? Question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010? Question: In which county is Moncks Corner located? Question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?
The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina? Question: What era brought counties to South Carolina? Question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays? Question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish? Question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish?
After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

Question: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne? Question: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina? Question: What year was Charles Town founded? Question: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina? Question: Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"?