derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft).

Question: Is the voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives more common in Dutch or German? Question: Although spelled differently, the first consonant of what Dutch word for "seven" is pronounced the same as its German counterpart? Question: What's the German word for "seven"? Question: What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German? Question: Does the development of /ft/ to /xt/ occur more in Low German or Dutch?
Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature. And while it is true that older words always pair vowel length with a change in vowel quality, new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length. Compare zonne(n) [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus zone [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus zonen [ˈzoːnə(n)] ("sons"), or kroes [krus] ("mug") versus cruise [kruːs] ("cruise").

Question: What quality of Dutch vowels isn't usually recognized as distinctive? Question: Since vowel quality changes might be very slight between dialects, what's the main vowel feature used to differentiate them? Question: Is it true or false that older Dutch words combine changes in vowel length and vowel quality? Question: How would you say "sons" in Dutch? Question: What does the Dutch word "kroes" mean in English?
Unique to the development of Dutch is the collaps of older ol/ul/al + dental into ol + dental, followed by vocalisation of pre-consonantal /l/ and after a short vowel, creating the diphthong /ɑu/ e.g., Dutch goud, zout and bout corresponds with Low German Gold, Solt, Bolt; German Gold, Salz, Balt and English gold, salt, bold. This is the most common diphthong along with /ɛi œy/. All three are commonly the only ones considered unique phonemes in Dutch. The tendency for native English speakers is to pronounce Dutch names with /ɛi/ (written as ij or ei) as /aɪ/, (like the English vowel y) which does not normally lead to confusion among native listeners, since in a number of dialects (e.g. in Amsterdam) the same pronunciation is heard.

Question: What pronunciation did the older Dutch ol/ul/al + dental evolve into? Question: What's the term we use for the type of sound made for two vowels in words like the Dutch "goud" or "zout"? Question: How many unique phenomes are usually attributed to Dutch? Question: What letter represents the sound native English speakers often use for Dutch names with "ij" or "ei" in them?
This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift, and the diphthongisation of long high vowels in Modern High German, which centuries earlier reached the state now found in Polder Dutch. Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well.

Question: In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur? Question: The lowering of diphthongs is intriguing partly because it's associated with what single gender? Question: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs? Question: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"? Question: Which language, in addition to German, did Stroop use to compare Dutch with when stating that the diphthongs "should" have lowered?
Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opinion, the newly affluent and independent women can afford to let that natural development take place in their speech. Stroop compares the role of Polder Dutch with the urban variety of British English pronunciation called Estuary English.

Question: What word did Stroop use to describe the static stage of diphthong pronunciation? Question: What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century? Question: What specific type of diphthongs were the less educated Dutch speakers in the countryside using in the 16th century? Question: What classes in the 16th century sneered at the pronunciation of Dutch by rural people? Question: What distinct kind of British English does Stroop say has a similar function to Polder Dutch?
Standard Dutch uses three genders to differentiate between natural gender and three when discerning grammatical gender. But for most non-Belgian speakers, the masculine and feminine genders have merged to form the common gender (de), while the neuter (het) remains distinct as before. This gender system is similar to those of most Continental Scandinavian languages. As in English, but to a lesser degree, the inflectional grammar of the language (e.g., adjective and noun endings) has simplified over time.

Question: How many genders does standard Dutch use for both natural and grammatical gender? Question: What gender does the majority of non-Belgian Dutch speakers use instead of the masculine and feminine? Question: Apart from the common gender in non-Belgian Dutch, what other gender do speakers use? Question: The common/neuter system used in Dutch is a lot like the system used in what other language category? Question: In its simplified inflectional grammar, what language is Dutch similar to?
The Dutch written grammar has simplified over the past 100 years: cases are now mainly used for the pronouns, such as ik (I), mij, me (me), mijn (my), wie (who), wiens (whose: masculine or neuter singular), wier (whose: feminine singular; masculine, feminine or neuter plural). Nouns and adjectives are not case inflected (except for the genitive of proper nouns (names): -s, -'s or -'). In the spoken language cases and case inflections had already gradually disappeared from a much earlier date on (probably the 15th century) as in many continental West Germanic dialects.

Question: Over what span of time have the rules for written Dutch become less complicated? Question: What part of speech does Dutch mostly use cases for? Question: What's the Dutch word for "my"? Question: Which parts of speech aren't normally case-specific in Dutch? Question: In what century long before Dutch did most West Germanic dialects probably lose case inflection?
More complex inflection is still found in certain lexicalized expressions like de heer des huizes (literally, the man of the house), etc. These are usually remnants of cases (in this instance, the genitive case which is still used in German, cf. Der Herr des Hauses) and other inflections no longer in general use today. In such lexicalized expressions remnants of strong and weak nouns can be found too, e.g. in het jaar des Heren (Anno Domini), where "-en" is actually the genitive ending of the weak noun. Also in this case, German retains this feature. Though the genitive is widely avoided in speech.

Question: What word described standalone expressions that retain some outdated convention as an exception? Question: How would you say "the man of the house" in Dutch? Question: What case no longer used in Dutch is still present in German phrases like "Der Herr des Hauses"? Question: Which word in the phrase "het jaar des Heren" is a weak noun with a genitive ending added?
In an interrogative main clause the usual word order is: conjugated verb followed by subject; other verbs in final position: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?" (literally "Can you your pen not find?") "Can't you find your pen?"
In the Dutch equivalent of a wh-question the word order is: interrogative pronoun (or expression) + conjugated verb + subject; other verbs in final position: "Waarom kun jij je pen niet vinden?" ("Why can you your pen not find?") "Why can't you find your pen?""
In a tag question the word order is the same as in a declarative clause: "Jij kunt je pen niet vinden?" ("You can your pen not find?") "You can't find your pen?""
A subordinate clause does not change its word order: "Kun jij je pen niet vinden omdat het veel te donker is?" ("Can you your pen not find because it far too dark is?") "Can you not find your pen because it's too dark?""

Question: In what type of Dutch clause does the subject usually follow the conjugated verb? Question: What is the literal translation of the Dutch phrase, "Kun jij je pen niet vinden?" Question: What's the English type equivalent for the Dutch word order that is an interrogative pronoun/expression, then a verb followed by a subject? Question: What type of clause has the same word order in Dutch as a tag question? Question: What never changes in a subordinate clause in Dutch?
In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert"). Most notable however, are the diminutive forms of adjectives and adverbs. The former take an diminutive ending and thus functions as a noun, the latter remain adverbs and have always the diminutive with the -s appended, e.g. adjective: groen ("green") → noun: groentje ("rookie"); adverb: even ("just") → adverb: eventjes ("just a minute").

Question: What word do Dutch speakers use for what we call a "shotgun marriage"? Question: In Dutch, what part of speech does an adjective with a diminutive ending become? Question: What's the Dutch word for "green"? Question: With the diminutive ending "-tje" added to the Dutch word for "green," what does the new formation translate to in English? Question: When the diminutive ending "-tjes" is added to the adverb "even," as what part of speech does it function?
Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid (maid), have acquired a meaning independent of their non-diminutive forms. A diminutive can sometimes be added to an uncountable noun to refer to a single portion: ijs (ice, ice cream) → ijsje (ice cream treat, cone of ice cream), bier (beer) → biertje. Some diminutive forms only exist in plural, e.g. kleertjes (clothing).

Question: Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"? Question: What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form? Question: What Dutch word did their word for "girl" come from that has a totally different meaning? Question: Sometimes uncountable nouns in Dutch get a diminutive ending to make them refer to what, like an ice cream cone? Question: What's the Dutch word for the items like shirts and pants that you wear that only exists in a plural form?
Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This distinction was artificially introduced in the 17th century by grammarians, and is largely ignored in spoken language and not well understood by Dutch speakers. Consequently, the third person plural forms hun and hen are interchangeable in normal usage, with hun being more common. The shared unstressed form ze is also often used as both direct and indirect objects and is a useful avoidance strategy when people are unsure which form to use.

Question: What language besides Dutch uses the dative case instead of the accusative for pronouns? Question: In the lone exception to the dative case, which pronoun is prescribed for the third person plural direct object? Question: When did the grammarians first draw the line between third person plural pronouns for Dutch? Question: Since most Dutch speakers don't bother with the hen/hun rule, which of the two most often gets used? Question: When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use?
Like most Germanic languages, Dutch forms noun compounds, where the first noun modifies the category given by the second (hondenhok = doghouse). Unlike English, where newer compounds or combinations of longer nouns are often written in open form with separating spaces, Dutch (like the other Germanic languages) either uses the closed form without spaces (boomhuis = tree house) or inserts a hyphen (VVD-coryfee = outstanding member of the VVD, a political party). Like German, Dutch allows arbitrarily long compounds, but the longer they get, the less frequent they tend to be.

Question: How would a Dutch speaker say "doghouse"? Question: Is Dutch like or unlike English in its treatment of compound nouns? Question: In English, what usually separates newer compound nouns written in open form? Question: "Tree house," which is two words in English, would be what single word in Dutch? Question: What language is like Dutch in allowing compounds to be any length?
Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. Latin, that has been spoken for centuries in the south of the Low Countries, and has since then for centuries plaid a major role as the language of science and religion, follows with 6.1%. High German and Low German, influential until the mid of the 19th century, account for 2.7%, but are mostly unrecognizable since many German loanwords have been "Dutchified", e.g. German "Fremdling" become Dutch "vreemdeling". From English, Dutch has taken over words since the middle of the 19th century, as a consequence of the gaining power of Britain and the United States. The share of English loanwords is about 1.5%, but this number is still on the increase. Conversely, Dutch contributed many loanwords to English, accounting for 1.3%.

Question: What percentage of loanwords are present in Dutch vocabulary? Question: What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century? Question: What language does Dutch get its second highest percentage of loanwords from? Question: Together, what percentage of Dutch loanwords comes from High and Low German? Question: In the loanword sharing between Dutch and English, which language got the higher percentage of loanwords?
Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; "beïnvloed" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).

Question: How many extra characters does Dutch have in addition to the standard alphabet? Question: What's the name for the additional character Dutch uses? Question: Because Dutch has many vowel sounds and compound words, what occurs frequently in Dutch spelling? Question: What is an example of a Dutch word that has double vowels or consonants five times in a row? Question: What's the name for the type of accent that Dutch used to mark the difference between the word for "a" or "an" and the word for "one"?
Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "The Queen's House". During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, who constructed three wings around a central courtyard. Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837.

Question: What was Buckingham Palace orginally known as? Question: Who was Buckingham Palace was originally built for? Question: For whom was Buckingham house originally built? Question: Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761? Question: Who bought Buckingham House in 1761? Question: What was Buckingham House known as when Queen Charlotte resided there? Question: Which two architects were commissioned to enlarge Buckingham in the 19th century? Question: Who enlarged the house in the 19th century? Question: When did the palace become the London residence for the monarchs?
The original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme. Many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London. The state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September, and on selected days in winter and spring.

Question: What original colors from the 19th century were used on the advice of Sir Charles Long? Question: Who suggested the use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis? Question: Who oversaw the redecoration that used a Belle Époque cream and gold colour scheme? Question: What colors were added in the partial redecoration overseen by King Edward VII? Question: In which style are many of the smaller reception rooms furnished in? Question: Smaller reception rooms are decorated in which style? Question: What house were many of the furniture and fittings brought from? Question: Furniture and fittings were brought over from which house? Question: How many rooms does the palace have?
In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.

Question: The site of the palace formed part of which Manor in the Middles ages? Question: What was the name of the manor that previously existed on the site? Question: Which river runs underneath the palace? Question: What was the name of the village that grew at Cow Ford? Question: The site of the palace was once owned by which queen consort in the late Saxon times? Question: Who did William the Conqueror give the site of the palace to? Question: Who gave the site to the monks of Westminster? Question: The site was passed to monks from which abbey?
Various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long since fallen into decay, and the area was mostly wasteland. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold but retained part of the site on which he established a 4-acre (16,000 m2) mulberry garden for the production of silk. (This is at the northwest corner of today's palace.) Clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana (1649) refers to "new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. James's"; this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies.

Question: What about the palace was subject to speculation in the 17th century? Question: Which village had fallen into decay? Question: Which village had fallen into decay but the 17th century? Question: Who established a mulberry garden on the property? Question: Who sold off part of the Crown Freehold? Question: What type of garden did James I create? Question: What product did the mulberry garden produce? Question: What did the mulberry garden produce? Question: Who suggests that the mulberry garden is likely a place for debauchery? Question: Which property tycoon inherited the property in the late 17th century?
Possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blake's house and developed much of today's garden, then known as Goring Great Garden. He did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document "failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London, which it needed to do for legal execution". It was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III.

Question: Who built the first house on the site? Question: Who owned the first house built on the site? Question: Which owner developed much of the garden still seen today? Question: Who developed what is much of today's garden at Buckingham? Question: What was Lord Goring's garden known as? Question: What was the name of Lord Goring Garden? Question: Which king failed to execute Goring's freehold document before fleeing to London? Question: Which king fled to London leaving allowing the Royal family to keep it's freehold on the property? Question: Under which king did the Royal Family regain the freehold title of the property?