derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed]

Question: Who was the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"? Question: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong? Question: "Charleston's Provincialisms" was published in what year? Question: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published? Question: To which two early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to?
Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city. Other festivals and events include Historic Charleston Foundation's Festival of Houses and Gardens and Charleston Antiques Show, the Taste of Charleston, The Lowcountry Oyster Festival, the Cooper River Bridge Run, The Charleston Marathon, Southeastern Wildlife Exposition (SEWE), Charleston Food and Wine Festival, Charleston Fashion Week, the MOJA Arts Festival, and the Holiday Festival of Lights (at James Island County Park), and the Charleston International Film Festival.

Question: Who founded the Spoleto Festival USA? Question: How many days does the Spoleto Festival USA run each year? Question: What kind of festival is Spoleto Festival USA? Question: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival USA? Question: The Holiday Festival of Lights are held where?
As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.

Question: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music? Question: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker? Question: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"? Question: What decade was the Charleston dance popular nationally? Question: Who wrote the "Charleston"?
The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William "Cat" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention.

Question: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage created? Question: What Charleston Reverend established the Jenkins Orphanage? Question: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept? Question: Whose graduates tutored many boys from the Jenkins Orphanage? Question: What city was Louis Armstrong from?
As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.

Question: What other president did the Jenkins Orphanage play for other than Taft? Question: What play did the Jenkins Orphanage band play for on Broadway ? Question: When did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera? Question: Where did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera? Question: What was the name of the "folk opera" based on 'Porgy'?
The City of Charleston Fire Department consists over 300 full-time firefighters. These firefighters operate out of 19 companies located throughout the city: 16 engine companies, two tower companies, and one ladder company. Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department. The department operates on a 24/48 schedule and had a Class 1 ISO rating until late 2008, when ISO officially lowered it to Class 3. Russell (Rusty) Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.

Question: How many full time firefighters do Charleston have? Question: How many companies are there in the City of Charleston Fire Department? Question: How many tower companies does the fire department have? Question: Who was the Fire Chief until June 2008? Question: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?
The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.

Question: What is the largest police department of South Carolina? Question: How many civilians serve on the Charleston Police Department? Question: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have? Question: Who is the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department? Question: What year did Reuben Greenberg retire as Chief of Charleston Police Department?
Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.

Question: What is the state's first school of medicine? Question: What medical district is experiencing growth in biotechnology and medical research field? Question: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city? Question: Where is the Trident Regional Medical Center is located? Question: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?
The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.

Question: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston? Question: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city? Question: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston? Question: What military base is located near the airport? Question: Charleston Executive Airport is located where?
Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street.

Question: Interstate 26 begins on what part of Charleston? Question: Interstate 526 begins and ends at what Highway? Question: What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'? Question: What highways is King Street in downtown Charleston? Question: U.S. Highway 78 merges with what street?
The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

Question: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river? Question: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open? Question: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge? Question: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built? Question: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

Question: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools? Question: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools? Question: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school? Question: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools? Question: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long? Question: How old are some of Charleston's private school?
Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

Question: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university? Question: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston? Question: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts? Question: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located? Question: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open?
Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

Question: What is the name of Charleston's sister city? Question: In what country is Spoleto located? Question: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti? Question: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival? Question: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?
During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

Question: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station? Question: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base? Question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed? Question: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station? Question: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?
In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

Question: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law? Question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts? Question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor? Question: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what? Question: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?
By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.

Question: Where was  fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1840? Question: What industry depended on the port of Charleston? Question: What year did the legal importation of slaves end? Question: In what era did one million slaves get trade throughout the South? Question: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?
After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.

Question: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction? Question: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston? Question: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination? Question: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston? Question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to create all the colors on a computer monitor or television screen. Red is also one of the subtractive primary colors, along with yellow and blue, of the RYB color space and traditional color wheel used by painters and artists.

Question: What spectrum of light is red within? Question: Which color is red next to on the spectrum of visible light? Question: What color is beside red in the visible spectrum of light? Question: Red is opposite what color of the spectrum? Question: Which color is opposite of red on the visible spectrum? Question: How many nanometres does red have? Question: On the spectrum of light, where is red found? Question: Which colors are combined to make all other colors? Question: Which two colors besides red make up the RGB color system? Question: Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?
In nature, the red color of blood comes from hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein found in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. The red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide. It also causes the red color of the planet Mars. The red sky at sunset and sunrise is caused by an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering, which, when the sun is low or below the horizon, increases the red-wavelength light that reaches the eye. The color of autumn leaves is caused by pigments called anthocyanins, which are produced towards the end of summer, when the green chlorophyll is no longer produced. One to two percent of the human population has red hair; the color is produced by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin (which also accounts for the red color of the lips) and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.

Question: From where does the color red in blood come from? Question: What does hemoglobin contain? Question: What causes the color of hematite and red ochre? Question: Why does a sky turn red when the evening comes? Question: What pigment is responsible for the color of leaves in fall?
A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes, primarily Kermes vermilio. The insects live on the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees near the Mediterranean region. Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône. Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans, who imported it from Spain. A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs. It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians.

Question: During what period did people use Kermes vermilio to make red dye? Question: What does Kermes vermilio eat to survive? Question: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône? Question: From where did Romans acquire Kermes? Question: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal?
Kermes is also mentioned in the Bible. In the Book of Exodus, God instructs Moses to have the Israelites bring him an offering including cloth "of blue, and purple, and scarlet." The term used for scarlet in the 4th century Latin Vulgate version of the Bible passage is coccumque bis tinctum, meaning "colored twice with coccus." Coccus, from the ancient Greek Kokkos, means a tiny grain and is the term that was used in ancient times for the Kermes vermilio insect used to make the Kermes dye. This was also the origin of the expression "dyed in the grain."

Question: In which book of the Bible did God reference gifts of Blue Purple and Scarlet? Question: In what century did the latin vulgate bible use the term coccumque bis tinctum? Question: What does coccumque bis tinctum translate to in english? Question: In ancient greek, what is coccus referred to as? Question: What does Kokkos mean in english?