derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Composers of classical music have often made use of folk music (music created by musicians who are commonly not classically trained, often from a purely oral tradition). Some composers, like Dvořák and Smetana, have used folk themes to impart a nationalist flavor to their work, while others like Bartók have used specific themes lifted whole from their folk-music origins.

Question: What music comes from those commonly trained by oral tradition? Question: Folk musicians are not commonly what? Question: Dovrak has used what type of themes to impart a nationalist flavor? Question: Who used specific themes lifted from folk-music?
Its written transmission, along with the veneration bestowed on certain classical works, has led to the expectation that performers will play a work in a way that realizes in detail the original intentions of the composer. During the 19th century the details that composers put in their scores generally increased. Yet the opposite trend—admiration of performers for new "interpretations" of the composer's work—can be seen, and it is not unknown for a composer to praise a performer for achieving a better realization of the original intent than the composer was able to imagine. Thus, classical performers often achieve high reputations for their musicianship, even if they do not compose themselves. Generally however, it is the composers who are remembered more than the performers.

Question: How are performers expected to play a work due to written transmission? Question: When did details that composers put in their scores increase? Question: Admiration of performers for new interpretations can be seen when composers feel the performer achieve what? Question: What do classical performers often achieve?
The primacy of the composer's written score has also led, today, to a relatively minor role played by improvisation in classical music, in sharp contrast to the practice of musicians who lived during the baroque, classical and romantic era. Improvisation in classical music performance was common during both the Baroque and early romantic eras, yet lessened strongly during the second half of the 19th and in the 20th centuries. During the classical era, Mozart and Beethoven often improvised the cadenzas to their piano concertos (and thereby encouraged others to do so), but they also provided written cadenzas for use by other soloists. In opera, the practice of singing strictly by the score, i.e. come scritto, was famously propagated by soprano Maria Callas, who called this practice 'straitjacketing' and implied that it allows the intention of the composer to be understood better, especially during studying the music for the first time.

Question: When was improvisation in classical music performance common? Question: When did improvisation begin to lessened strongly? Question: What part did Mozart and Beethoven often improvise? Question: What is the name for the practice of singing strictly by the score in opera? Question: Who strongly supposed ome scritto?
Classical music has often incorporated elements or material from popular music of the composer's time. Examples include occasional music such as Brahms' use of student drinking songs in his Academic Festival Overture, genres exemplified by Kurt Weill's The Threepenny Opera, and the influence of jazz on early- and mid-20th-century composers including Maurice Ravel, exemplified by the movement entitled "Blues" in his sonata for violin and piano. Certain postmodern, minimalist and postminimalist classical composers acknowledge a debt to popular music.

Question: Popular music from the composer's time was incorporation into what? Question: What did Brahms sometimes use in his Academic Festival Overture? Question: Who wrote The Threepenny Opera? Question: What type of music was Maurice Ravel influenced by? Question: What type of music do certain composers acknowledge a debt to?
Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.

Question: Pachelbel's Canon has influenced popular songs since what decade? Question: What phenomenon sees classical musicians achieving success in popular music? Question: Baroque or Classical era influence can be seen in what modern musical style? Question: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads play what instrument?
Slavs are the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe. They inhabit Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Southeast Europe, North Asia and Central Asia. Slavs speak Indo-European Slavic languages and share, to varying degrees, some cultural traits and historical backgrounds. From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Europe, whilst Slavic mercenaries fighting for the Byzantines and Arabs settled Asia Minor and even as far as Syria. The East Slavs colonised Siberia and Central Asia.[better source needed] Presently over half of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities, but every Slavic ethnicity has emigrated to other continents.

Question: What is the largest Indo-European ethno-linguistic group in Europe? Question: What areas of the world do Slavs inhabit? Question: Slavic mercenaries settled where? Question: What was colonised by the East Slavs? Question: What portion of Europe's territory is inhabited by Slavic-speaking communities?
Present-day Slavic people are classified into West Slavic (chiefly Poles, Czechs and Slovaks), East Slavic (chiefly Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians), and South Slavic (chiefly Serbs, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks, Macedonians, Slovenes, and Montenegrins), though sometimes the West Slavs and East Slavs are combined into a single group known as North Slavs. For a more comprehensive list, see the ethnocultural subdivisions. Modern Slavic nations and ethnic groups are considerably diverse both genetically and culturally, and relations between them – even within the individual ethnic groups themselves – are varied, ranging from a sense of connection to mutual feelings of hostility.

Question: West Slavic people consist of which nationalities? Question: East Slavic people consist of which nationalities? Question: South Slavic people consist of which nationalities? Question: West and East Slavs are sometimes combined into a single group called what?
The Slavic autonym is reconstructed in Proto-Slavic as *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne. The oldest documents written in Old Church Slavonic and dating from the 9th century attest Словѣне Slověne to describe the Slavs. Other early Slavic attestations include Old East Slavic Словѣнѣ Slověně for "an East Slavic group near Novgorod." However, the earliest written references to the Slavs under this name are in other languages. In the 6th century AD Procopius, writing in Byzantine Greek, refers to the Σκλάβοι Sklaboi, Σκλαβηνοί Sklabēnoi, Σκλαυηνοί Sklauenoi, Σθλαβηνοί Sthlabenoi, or Σκλαβῖνοι Sklabinoi, while his contemporary Jordanes refers to the Sclaveni in Latin.

Question: *Slověninъ, plural *Slověne, is the Slavic autonym reconstructed in what? Question: Old 9th century documents describing Slavs were written in what language? Question: Who wrote about the Slavs in Byzantine Greek in the 6th century? Question: Procopius' contemporary Jordanes referred to the Slavs in what language?
The Slavic autonym *Slověninъ is usually considered (e.g. by Roman Jakobson) a derivation from slovo "word", originally denoting "people who speak (the same language)," i.e. people who understand each other, in contrast to the Slavic word denoting "foreign people" – němci, meaning "mumbling, murmuring people" (from Slavic *němъ – "mumbling, mute").

Question: Who considered *Slověninъ do be a derivation from slovo? Question: What slavic word denotes "people who speak the same language?" Question: What slavic word denotes "foreign people?"
The word slovo ("word") and the related slava ("fame") and slukh ("hearing") originate from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame"), cognate with Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous"), whence the name Pericles, and Latin clueo ("be called"), and English loud.

Question: What three words originated from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew- ("be spoken of, fame")? Question: Slovo, slava, and slukh all originate from what Proto-Indo-European root? Question: The Ancient Greek κλῆς (klês - "famous") helped create what famous name?
The English word Slav could be derived from the Middle English word sclave, which was borrowed from Medieval Latin sclavus or slavus, itself a borrowing and Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from a misunderstanding of the Slavic autonym (denoting a speaker of their own languages). The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba صقالبة (sing. Saqlabi صقلبي) by medieval Arab historiographers. However, the origin of this word is disputed.

Question: The word Slav could be derived from what Middle English word? Question: The Byzantine Greek σκλάβος sklábos "slave," which was in turn apparently derived from what? Question: The origin of what Byzantine term is disputed? Question: The Byzantine term Sklavinoi was loaned into Arabic as Saqaliba by who?
Alternative proposals for the etymology of *Slověninъ propounded by some scholars have much less support. Lozinski argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper, in this context meaning "practicer of a common Slavic religion," and from that evolved into an ethnonym. S.B. Bernstein speculates that it derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos, cognate to Ancient Greek λαός laós "population, people," which itself has no commonly accepted etymology. Meanwhile, others have pointed out that the suffix -enin indicates a man from a certain place, which in this case should be a place called Slova or Slava, possibly a river name. The Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was argued by Henrich Bartek (1907–1986) to be derived from slova and also the origin of Slovene.

Question: Who argues that the word *slava once had the meaning of worshipper? Question: Who speculates that *slava derives from a reconstructed Proto-Indo-European *(s)lawos? Question: The suffix -enin indicates what? Question: Who argued that the Old East Slavic Slavuta for the Dnieper River was derived from slova?
The earliest mentions of Slavic raids across the lower River Danube may be dated to the first half of the 6th century, yet no archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before c. 600 AD.

Question: The earliest mentions of what may be dated to the first half of the 6th century? Question: The earliest mentions of Slavic raids are across what river? Question: There is no evidence of a Slavic settlement where before c. 600 AD? Question: No archaeological evidence of a Slavic settlement in the Balkans could be securely dated before when?
The Slavs under name of the Antes and the Sclaveni make their first appearance in Byzantine records in the early 6th century. Byzantine historiographers under Justinian I (527–565), such as Procopius of Caesarea, Jordanes and Theophylact Simocatta describe tribes of these names emerging from the area of the Carpathian Mountains, the lower Danube and the Black Sea, invading the Danubian provinces of the Eastern Empire.

Question: The Slavs were under what name in the early 6th century? Question: The Slavs make their first appearance in Byzantine records when? Question: Under whose reign did Byzantine historiographers describe Slavic tribes? Question: According to Byzantine historiographers, tribes of Slavs emerged from what areas? Question: Tribes of Slavs were invading what provinces of the Eastern Empire?
Procopius wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times." He describes their social structure and beliefs:

Question: Who wrote in 545 that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."? Question: When did Procopius write that "the Sclaveni and the Antae actually had a single name in the remote past; for they were both called Spori in olden times."? Question: Who did Procopius write about in 545? Question: Procopius said Sclaveni and Antae were both called what? Question: What does Procopius describe in his writings of the Sclaveni and Antae?
Jordanes tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities. Another 6th-century source refers to them living among nearly impenetrable forests, rivers, lakes, and marshes.

Question: Who tells us that the Sclaveni had swamps and forests for their cities? Question: Who had swamps and forests for their cities? Question: A 6th-century source refers to the Sclaveni as living where?
Menander Protector mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I. The Avars asked the Slavs to accept the suzerainty of the Avars, he however declined and is reported as saying: "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us".

Question: Who mentions a Daurentius (577–579) that slew an Avar envoy of Khagan Bayan I? Question: Who slew an envoy of Khagan Bayan I? Question: Who said, "Others do not conquer our land, we conquer theirs – so it shall always be for us."? Question: Whose envoy was slaughtered by Daurentius? Question: The Slavs were asked to accept the suzerainty of whom?
The relationship between the Slavs and a tribe called the Veneti east of the River Vistula in the Roman period is uncertain. The name may refer both to Balts and Slavs.

Question: An uncertain relationship was held between the Slavs and who? Question: What name may refer both to Balts and Slavs? Question: The Veneti tribe was located where? Question: When was the relationship between the Slavs and Veneti uncertain?
According to eastern homeland theory, prior to becoming known to the Roman world, Slavic-speaking tribes were part of the many multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia – such as the Sarmatian, Hun and Gothic empires. The Slavs emerged from obscurity when the westward movement of Germans in the 5th and 6th centuries CE (thought to be in conjunction with the movement of peoples from Siberia and Eastern Europe: Huns, and later Avars and Bulgars) started the great migration of the Slavs, who settled the lands abandoned by Germanic tribes fleeing the Huns and their allies: westward into the country between the Oder and the Elbe-Saale line; southward into Bohemia, Moravia, much of present-day Austria, the Pannonian plain and the Balkans; and northward along the upper Dnieper river. Perhaps some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to Iberia and north Africa.

Question: Slavic-speaking tribes were part of what prior to becoming known to the Roman world? Question: What were some of the multi-ethnic confederacies of Eurasia? Question: Who started the great migration of the Slavs? Question: Who were the Germanic tribes fleeing? Question: Some Slavs migrated with the movement of the Vandals to where?
Around the 6th century, Slavs appeared on Byzantine borders in great numbers.[page needed] The Byzantine records note that grass would not regrow in places where the Slavs had marched through, so great were their numbers. After a military movement even the Peloponnese and Asia Minor were reported to have Slavic settlements. This southern movement has traditionally been seen as an invasive expansion. By the end of the 6th century, Slavs had settled the Eastern Alps regions.

Question: When did Slavs appear on Byzantine borders? Question: The Slavs appeared on whose borders around the 6th century? Question: Where else reported Slavic settlements? Question: When had the Slavs settled the Eastern Alps? Question: Where had the Slavs settled by the end of the 6th century?
When their migratory movements ended, there appeared among the Slavs the first rudiments of state organizations, each headed by a prince with a treasury and a defense force. Moreover, it was the beginnings of class differentiation, and nobles pledged allegiance either to the Frankish/ Holy Roman Emperors or the Byzantine Emperors.

Question: When did the first rudiments of state organizations appear among the Slavs? Question: What appeared among the Slavs when their migratory movements ended? Question: Early state organizations where headed by what? Question: Noble Slavs pledged allegiance to whom?
In the 7th century, the Frankish merchant Samo, who supported the Slavs fighting their Avar rulers, became the ruler of the first known Slav state in Central Europe, which, however, most probably did not outlive its founder and ruler. This provided the foundation for subsequent Slavic states to arise on the former territory of this realm with Carantania being the oldest of them. Very old also are the Principality of Nitra and the Moravian principality (see under Great Moravia). In this period, there existed central Slavic groups and states such as the Balaton Principality, but the subsequent expansion of the Magyars, as well as the Germanisation of Austria, separated the northern and southern Slavs. The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681, the Slavic language Old Bulgarian became the main and official of the empire in 864. Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of Slavic literacy and Christianity to the rest of the Slavic world.

Question: When did Samo become the ruler of the first known Slav state? Question: What Frankish merchant was the ruler of the first Slav state in Central Europe? Question: What is the oldest Slav state in Central Europe? Question: When was the first Bulgarian Empire founded? Question: Bulgaria was instrumental in the spread of what to the rest of the Slavic world?
As of 1878, there were only three free Slavic states in the world: the Russian Empire, Serbia and Montenegro. Bulgaria was also free but was de jure vassal to the Ottoman Empire until official independence was declared in 1908. In the entire Austro-Hungarian Empire of approximately 50 million people, about 23 million were Slavs. The Slavic peoples who were, for the most part, denied a voice in the affairs of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, were calling for national self-determination. During World War I, representatives of the Czechs, Slovaks, Poles, Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes set up organizations in the Allied countries to gain sympathy and recognition. In 1918, after World War I ended, the Slavs established such independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs.

Question: When were the Russian Empire, Serbia, and Montenegro the only free Slavic states in the world? Question: What three free Slavic states were in the world as of 1878? Question: Whose official independence was declared in 1908? Question: When were independent states as Czechoslovakia, the Second Polish Republic, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs established?
During World War II, Hitler's Generalplan Ost (general plan for the East) entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavic and Jewish population of occupied Eastern Europe to create Lebensraum (living space) for German settlers. The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union. These partially fulfilled plans resulted in the deaths of an estimated 19.3 million civilians and prisoners of war.

Question: Whose plan for the East entailed killing, deporting, or enslaving the Slavs? Question: What is the German word for living space? Question: What would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union? Question: The Nazi Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost resulted in the death and imprisonment of how many people?
The first half of the 20th century in Russia and the Soviet Union was marked by a succession of wars, famines and other disasters, each accompanied by large-scale population losses. Stephen J. Lee estimates that, by the end of World War II in 1945, the Russian population was about 90 million fewer than it could have been otherwise.

Question: What was marked by succession of wars, famines, and other disasters in the 20th century? Question: The first half of the 20th century was marked by what in Russia and the Soviet Union? Question: Who estimated the Russian population was 90 million fewer than it could have been in 1945? Question: When was the Russian population estimated to be about 90 million fewer than it could have been?
Because of the vastness and diversity of the territory occupied by Slavic people, there were several centers of Slavic consolidation. In the 19th century, Pan-Slavism developed as a movement among intellectuals, scholars, and poets, but it rarely influenced practical politics and did not find support in some nations that had Slavic origins. Pan-Slavism became compromised when the Russian Empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests in Central Europe as well as subjugation of other ethnic groups of Slavic origins such as Poles and Ukrainians, and the ideology became associated with Russian imperialism. The common Slavic experience of communism combined with the repeated usage of the ideology by Soviet propaganda after World War II within the Eastern bloc (Warsaw Pact) was a forced high-level political and economic hegemony of the USSR dominated by Russians. A notable political union of the 20th century that covered most South Slavs was Yugoslavia, but it ultimately broke apart in the 1990s along with the Soviet Union.

Question: When did Pan-Slavism develop as a movement? Question: The Russian Empire used what as justification for its territorial conquests? Question: Pan-Slavism became compromised when what empire started to use it as an ideology justifying its territorial conquests? Question: What notable political union of the 20th century covered most South Slavs? Question: When did Yugoslavia break apart?
The word "Slavs" was used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic (1939–1945), Yugoslavia (1943–1992) and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2003), later Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).

Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Slovak Republic? Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Yugoslavia? Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia? Question: When was the word "Slavs" used in the national anthem of Serbia and Montenegro?
Former Soviet states, as well as countries that used to be satellite states or territories of the Warsaw Pact, have numerous minority Slavic populations, many of whom are originally from the Russian SFSR, Ukrainian SSR and Byelorussian SSR. As of now, Kazakhstan has the largest Slavic minority population with most being Russians (Ukrainians, Belarusians and Poles are present as well but in much smaller numbers).

Question: Many Slavic populations that were part of the Warsaw Pact are originally from where? Question: Where is the largest Slavic minority located? Question: What is the largest Slavic minority? Question: What other Slavic minorities are in Kazakhstan?