derek-thomas/squad-v1.1-t5-question-generation huggingface dataset:
Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]

Question: From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself? Question: Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia? Question: Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII? Question: Who set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party? Question: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?
In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well, which was opposed by the Western Allies. This led to several armed incidents, notably attacks by Yugoslav fighter planes on US transport aircraft, causing bitter criticism from the west. From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[better source needed] Stalin was opposed to these provocations, as he felt the USSR unready to face the West in open war so soon after the losses of World War II and at the time when US had operational nuclear weapons whereas USSR had yet to conduct its first test. In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council. In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that

Question: What Italian territory did Yugoslavia acquire after the war? Question: What territory did Yugoslavia leadership want to incorporate? Question: At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948? Question: Who openly supported the Communist side in the Greek Civil War? Question: In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?
The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:

Question: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this. Question: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict? Question: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe? Question: Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?
One significant consequence of the tension arising between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, was that Tito fought Yugoslav Stalinists with Stalin's methods. In other words, Aleksandar Ranković and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his. Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings. However this repression, which lasted until 1956, was marked by significant violations of human rights.

Question: The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country? Question: Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists? Question: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA? Question: What is another name for the UBDA? Question: Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?
Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide.

Question: Which leader feared that accepting American aid meant aligning with the West? Question: Which country gave Yugoslavia aid when Tito became estranged from the USSR? Question: What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia? Question: What plan was also administered by the ECA? Question: In what year did Stalin die?
The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM. This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much international recognition, but also triggered a period of instability often referred to as the Informbiro period. Tito's form of communism was labeled "Titoism" by Moscow, which encouraged purges against suspected "Titoites'" throughout the Eastern bloc.

Question: Who became the first leader to defy Stalin's leadership? Question: What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR? Question: What was Tito's form of communism called? Question: Who encouraged purges against Titoites? Question: Throughout what area did purges of Titoites occur?
On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:

Question: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about "self Management"? Question: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"? Question: Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia? Question: Whose invitation did Tito reject after Stalin's death? Question: When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?
The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a "national path to socialism," which Tito espoused.

Question: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial? Question: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial? Question: Who put pressure on Checkoslovakia to conduct purges? Question: What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges? Question: Who espoused the "national path to socialism"?
Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.

Question: Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement? Question: In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement? Question: Nasser led which country in 1961? Question: Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito? Question: Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?
Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.

Question: When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie? Question: When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie? Question: Who is the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1954? Question: What country does Emperor Selassie rule? Question: In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?
Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial.

Question: Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this? Question: During what period did Tito pursue a policy of neutrality? Question: What type of countries did Tito develop relations with? Question: With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift? Question: Tito had cordial relations with the United States and what other Western area?
Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities.

Question: Nasser was a leader of what country? Question: Nehru was a leader of what country? Question: Gandhi was a leader of what country? Question: Eisenhower was a president of what country? Question: Nixon was a president of what country?
Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.

Question: After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia? Question: Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955? Question: When did Tito first visit India? Question: When did Tito leave India? Question: After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?
Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.

Question: What country did U Nu lead? Question: Ne Win led what country? Question: Who was the leader of Burma in 1955? Question: Who succeeded U Nu in Burma? Question: Who led Burma in 1959?
Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.

Question: What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay? Question: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where? Question: Pinochet ruled what country? Question: Who did Pinochet overthrow? Question: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?
On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was "neutral on his side", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant "not taking sides".

Question: When did Yugoslavia change its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia? Question: Two government ministers resigned over Tito's visit to what region? Question: When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.? Question: Eisenhower met Tito where in 1960? Question: Who said that neutralism did not imply passivity but mean "not taking sides"?
In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.

Question: What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960? Question: Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church? Question: What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism? Question: What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned? Question: What acronym describes the State Security Administration?
On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

Question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors? Question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict? Question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes? Question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors? Question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?
In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.

Question: What country did Dubcek lead? Question: Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968? Question: How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague? Question: Who removed generals Gosnjak and Hamovic? Question: What army was unprepared for the invasion of Czechoslovakia?
In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.

Question: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time? Question: Who elected Tito president in 1971? Question: How many sweeping constitutional amendments did Tito introduce in 1971? Question: Who was chosen as a premier in 1971 in Yugoslavia? Question: What branch of the Yugoslav government would retain control over foreign affairs, defense and internal security?
Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.

Question: What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia? Question: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"? Question: Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974? Question: When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed? Question: How long did the person named "president for life" serve?
Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted "Tito murderer" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.

Question: Security for Tito's visit was unusually high to keep Tito away from what individuals? Question: What flag did protesters of Tito often burn? Question: What did protesters scream during Tito's visit to the United Nations in the late 1970's? Question: What American state did Tito visit when he saw the U.N.? Question: Which authorities fielded complaints from TIto about protesters?
After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups.

Question: After the constitutional changes made in what year did Tito reduce his role in the day-to-day running of the state. Question: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership? Question: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership? Question: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979? Question: In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?