deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Dicotyledon
text: The dicotyledons , also known as dicots ( or more rarely dicotyls ) , were one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided . The name refers to one of the typical characteristics of the group , namely that the seed has two embryonic leaves or cotyledons . There are around 200,000 species within this group . The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons or monocots , typically having one cotyledon . Historically , these two groups formed the two divisions of the flowering plants .

Question: the traditional division of angiosperms is two groups called

answer: The dicotyledons , also known as dicots ( or more rarely dicotyls ) , were one of the two groups into which all the flowering plants or angiosperms were formerly divided . The other group of flowering plants were called monocotyledons or monocots.
title: One Thousand and One Nights
text: The history of the Nights is extremely complex and modern scholars have made many attempts to untangle the story of how the collection as it currently exists came about . Robert Irwin summarises their findings : `` In the 1880s and 1890s a lot of work was done on the Nights by Zotenberg and others , in the course of which a consensus view of the history of the text emerged . Most scholars agreed that the Nights was a composite work and that the earliest tales in it came from India and Persia . At some time , probably in the early 8th century , these tales were translated into Arabic under the title Alf Layla , or ' The Thousand Nights ' . This collection then formed the basis of The Thousand and One Nights . The original core of stories was quite small . Then , in Iraq in the 9th or 10th century , this original core had Arab stories added to it -- among them some tales about the Caliph Harun al - Rashid . Also , perhaps from the 10th century onwards , previously independent sagas and story cycles were added to the compilation ( ... ) Then , from the 13th century onwards , a further layer of stories was added in Syria and Egypt , many of these showing a preoccupation with sex , magic or low life . In the early modern period yet more stories were added to the Egyptian collections so as to swell the bulk of the text sufficiently to bring its length up to the full 1,001 nights of storytelling promised by the book 's title . ''

Question: who compiled a thousand and one arabian nights

answer: Robert Irwin summarises their findings : `` In the 1880s and 1890s a lot of work was done on the Nights by Zotenberg and others , in the course of which a consensus view of the history of the text emerged . At some time , probably in the early 8th century , these tales were translated into Arabic under the title Alf Layla , or ' The Thousand Nights ' .This collection then formed the basis of The Thousand and One Nights .
title: J. T. Barrett
text: Barrett went undrafted in the 2018 NFL Draft , and was offered to participate in the Indianapolis Colts and the New Orleans Saints rookie minicamps . Originally , Barrett planned on attending the Colts ' camp but later decided he would attend the Saints ' camp instead . On May 3 , 2018 , Barrett signed a three - year deal with the Saints as an undrafted free agent . He was waived by the Saints on September 1 , 2018 and was signed to the practice squad the next day . He spent time on and off the Saints practice squad before being released on October 24 , 2018 , but was re-signed three days later .

Question: who drafted jt barrett in the nfl draft

answer: J. T. Barrett went undrafted in the 2018 NFL Draft. On May 3, 2018, Barrett signed a three year deal with the Saints as an undrafted free agent.
answer: Barrett went undrafted in the 2018 NFL Draft.
title: Pennsylvania Dutch
text: The Pennsylvania Dutch ( Pennsilfaanisch Deitsch , listen ( help info ) ) are a cultural group formed by early German - speaking immigrants to Pennsylvania and their descendants . The word `` Dutch '' does not refer to the Dutch people ( Nederlanders ) or their descendants , but to German people whose ethnonym in their own language is Deitsch ( in dialectal German ) or Deutsch ( in standard German ) . Most emigrated to the U.S. from Germany or Switzerland in the 17th and 18th century . Over time , the various dialects spoken by these immigrants fused into a unique dialect of German known as Pennsylvania German or Pennsylvania `` Dutch '' . At one time , more than one - third of Pennsylvania 's population spoke this language .

Question: when did the pennsylvania dutch come to america

answer: Most Pennsylvania Dutch emigrated to the U.S. from Germany or Switzerland in the 17th and 18th century.
title: Causes of the Indian Rebellion of 1857
text: The sepoys , a generic term used for native Indian soldiers of the Bengal Army derived from the Persian word sepāhī ( سپاهی ) meaning `` infantry soldier '' , had their own list of grievances against the British East Indian Company ( BEIC ) administration , caused mainly by the ethnic gulf between the European officers and their Indian troops . The spark that led to a mutiny in several sepoy companies was the issue of new gunpowder cartridges for the Enfield rifle in February , 1857 . A rumour was spread that the cartridges were made from cow and pig fat . Loading the Enfield required tearing open the greased cartridge with one 's teeth . This would have insulted both Hindu and Muslim religious practices ; cows were considered holy by Hindus while pigs were considered unclean by Muslims . Underlying grievances over British taxation and recent land annexations by the BEIC were ignited by the sepoy mutineers and within weeks dozens of units of the Indian army joined peasant armies in widespread rebellion . The old aristocracy , both Muslim and Hindu , who were seeing their power steadily eroded by the East India Company , also rebelled against British rule . Another important discontent among the Indian rulers was that the british policies of conquest had created unrest among many indian rulers . The policies like the doctrine of lapse , Subsidiary Alliance deprived Indian rulers of their power and status .

Question: what were the causes of the sepoy rebellion

answer: The sepoys was caused mainly by the ethnic gulf between the European officers and their Indian troops . caused mainly by the ethnic gulf between the European officers and their Indian troops . Underlying grievances over British taxation and recent land annexations by the BEIC were ignited by the sepoy mutineers and within weeks dozens of units of the Indian army joined peasant armies in widespread rebellion . The old aristocracy , both Muslim and Hindu , who were seeing their power steadily eroded by the East India Company , also rebelled against British rule . Another important discontent among the Indian rulers was that the british policies of conquest had created unrest among many indian rulers . The policies like the doctrine of lapse , Subsidiary Alliance deprived Indian rulers of their power and status .
title: American Sign Language
text: ASL is thought to have originated in the American School for the Deaf ( ASD ) , founded in Hartford , Connecticut in 1817 . Originally known as The American Asylum , At Hartford , For The Education And Instruction Of The Deaf And Dumb , the school was founded by the Yale graduate and divinity student Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet . Gallaudet , inspired by his success in demonstrating the learning abilities of a young deaf girl Alice Cogswell , traveled to Europe in order to learn deaf pedagogy from European institutions . Ultimately , Gallaudet chose to adopt the methods of the French Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris , and convinced Laurent Clerc , an assistant to the school 's founder Charles - Michel de l'Épée , to accompany him back to the United States . Upon his return , Gallaudet founded the ASD on April 15 , 1817 .

Question: american sign language was brought to america from which country

answer: ASL is thought to have originated in the American School for the Deaf (ASD).   Gallaudet chose to adopt the methods of the French Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris, and convinced Laurent Clerc, an assistant to the school's founder Charles - Michel de l'Épée, to accompany him back to the United States.  Upon his return, Gallaudet founded the ASD on April 15, 1817.
title: Sugar Blues (song)
text: Sugar Blues is a song that became popular by Clyde McCoy featuring the sound of the growling wah - wah mute . He recorded it no less than four times . It became his trademark song . It was written in 1920 by Clarence Williams and recorded for the first time by Leona Williams and her Dixie Band in 1922 . Although McCoy 's version was strictly instrumental , there are lyrics , written by Lucy Fletcher . It was recorded with vocals by both Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys , Fats Waller and Ella Fitzgerald .

Question: sugar blues everybody's singing the sugar blues

answer: Sugar Blues is a song that became popular by Clyde McCoy. It was written in 1920 by Clarence Williams with lyrics, written by Lucy Fletcher.
title: IronPython
text: IronPython is an implementation of the Python programming language targeting the . NET Framework and Mono . Jim Hugunin created the project and actively contributed to it up until Version 1.0 which was released on September 5 , 2006 . Thereafter , it was maintained by a small team at Microsoft until the 2.7 Beta 1 release ; Microsoft abandoned IronPython ( and its sister project IronRuby ) in late 2010 , after which Hugunin left to work at Google . IronPython 2.0 was released on December 10 , 2008 . The project is currently maintained by a group of volunteers at GitHub . It is free and open - source software , and can be implemented with Python Tools for Visual Studio , which is a free and open - source extension for free , isolated , and commercial versions of Microsoft 's Visual Studio IDE .

Question: what is the difference between ironpython and python

answer: IronPython is an implementation of the Python programming language. It is free and open source software, and can be implemented with Python Tools for Visual Studio, which is a free and open source extension for free, isolated, and commercial versions of Microsoft's Visual Studio IDE.
title: Green Revolution in India
text: The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of time when agriculture in India changed to an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology such as high yielding variety ( HYV ) seeds , tractors , pump sets , etc . Green revolution was started by Dr. M.S. Swaminathan . The key leadership role played by the Indian agricultural scientist Vehla Swaminathan Banda together with many others including GS Kalkat , Proff . M. M Sharan earned him the popularly used title ' Father of Green Revolution of India ' . The Green Revolution allowed developing countries , like India , to try to overcome poor agricultural productivity . Within India , this started in the early 1960s and led to an increase in food grain production , especially in Punjab , Haryana and Uttar Pradesh during the early phase . The main development was higher - yielding varieties of wheat , for developing rust resistant strains of wheat .

Question: when did green revolution took place in india

answer: The Green Revolution in India refers to a period of time when agriculture in India changed to an industrial system due to the adoption of modern methods and technology such as high yielding variety seeds, tractors, pump sets, etc. Within India, this started in the early 1960s.
title: Star Wars: The Last Jedi
text: Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015 , due to the difficulties of filming at that location during other seasons . It would have lasted four days , but filming was canceled for the first day due to poor weather and rough conditions . In November 2014 , Ivan Dunleavy , chief executive of Pinewood Studios , confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood , with additional filming in Mexico . In September 2015 , del Toro revealed that principal photography would begin in March 2016 ; Kennedy later stated that filming would begin in January 2016 . The production began work on the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios on November 15 , 2015 . Rick Heinrichs served as production designer .

Question: when did filming for the last jedi begin

answer: Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015. In September 2015 , del Toro revealed that principal photography would begin in March 2016 ; Kennedy later stated that filming would begin in January 2016 .
title: Charlotte's Web
text: After her father spares the life of a piglet from culling it as runt of the litter , a little girl named Fern Arable nurtures the piglet lovingly , naming him Wilbur . On greater maturity , Wilbur is sold to Fern 's uncle , Homer Zuckerman , in whose barnyard he is left yearning for companionship but is snubbed by other barn animals , until befriended by a barn spider named Charlotte , living on a web overlooking Wilbur 's enclosure . Upon Wilbur 's discovery that he is intended for slaughter , she promises to hatch a plan guaranteed to spare his life . Accordingly , she secretly weaves praise of him into her web , attracting publicity among Zuckerman 's neighbors who attribute the praise to divine intervention . As time passes , more inscriptions appear on Charlotte 's webs , increasing his renown . Therefore , Wilbur is entered in the county fair , accompanied by Charlotte and the rat Templeton , whom she employs in gathering inspiration for her messages . There , Charlotte spins an egg sac containing her 514 unborn children , and Wilbur , despite winning no prizes , is later celebrated by the fair 's staff and visitors ( thus made too prestigious alive to justify killing him ) . Exhausted apparently by laying eggs , Charlotte remains at the fair and dies shortly following Wilbur 's departure . Having returned to Zuckerman 's farm , Wilbur guards Charlotte 's egg sac and is saddened further when the new spiders depart shortly after hatching . The three smallest remain , however , and take up residence in the doorway where Charlotte used to live . Pleased at finding new friends , Wilbur names one of them Nellie , while the remaining two name themselves Joy and Aranea . The book then concludes by mentioning that more generations of spiders kept him company in subsequent years .

Question: • what is charlotte’s plan to save wilbur what happens

answer: Upon Wilbur's discovery that he is intended for slaughter, she promises to hatch a plan guaranteed to spare his life. She secretly weaves praise of him into her web, attracting publicity among Zuckerman's neighbors who attribute the praise to divine intervention. Wilbur is entered in the county fair and despite winning no prizes, is later celebrated by the fair's staff and visitors (thus made too prestigious alive to justify killing him).
title: Cell cycle
text: The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells . In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods . The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication . DNA replication occurs during the C period . The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells . In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis . During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA . During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate . During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells . To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints .

Question: when and how dna is replicated during the process of cell division

answer: The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells.
During interphase, the cell grows, accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA.
answer: During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA .
title: Country Girl (Shake It for Me)
text: `` Country Girl ( Shake It for Me ) '' is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Luke Bryan . It was released in March 2011 as the first single from his album Tailgates & Tanlines . Upon being released , it debuted at number 52 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart for the week of April 2 , 2011 . The song was written by Bryan and Dallas Davidson . As of April 2014 , it is the third best - selling song by a male country music solo artist .

Question: who wrote the song country girl shake it for me

answer: `` Country Girl ( Shake It for Me ) '' is a song co-written by Luke Bryan and Dallas Davidson .
title: Soil respiration
text: Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO . CO is acquired from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis . Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy . When plant respiration occurs below - ground in the roots , it adds to soil respiration . Over time , plant structural components are consumed by heterotrophs . This heterotrophic consumption releases CO and when this CO is released by below - ground organisms , it is considered soil respiration .

Question: where does the co2 that plant roots release come from

answer: Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO.
When plant respiration occurs below-ground in the roots, it adds to soil respiration.
answer: CO is acquired from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis.  Over time, plant structural components are consumed by heterotrophs. This heterotrophic consumption releases CO and when this CO is released by below - ground organisms, it is considered soil respiration.
title: Atlantic Ocean
text: The oldest known mentions of an `` Atlantic '' sea come from Stesichorus around mid-sixth century BC ( Sch . A.R. 1 . 211 ) : Atlantikoi pelágei ( Greek : Ἀτλαντικῷ πελάγει ; English : ' the Atlantic sea ' ; etym . ' Sea of Atlantis ' ) and in The Histories of Herodotus around 450 BC ( Hdt. 1.202. 4 ) : Atlantis thalassa ( Greek : Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα ; English : ' Sea of Atlantis ' or ' the Atlantis sea ' ) where the name refers to `` the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles '' which is said to be part of the ocean that surrounds all land . Thus , on one hand , the name refers to Atlas , the Titan in Greek mythology , who supported the heavens and who later appeared as a frontispiece in Medieval maps and also lent his name to modern atlases . On the other hand , to early Greek sailors and in Ancient Greek mythological literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey , this all - encompassing ocean was instead known as Oceanus , the gigantic river that encircled the world ; in contrast to the enclosed seas well - known to the Greeks : the Mediterranean and the Black Sea . In contrast , the term `` Atlantic '' originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast . The Greek word thalassa has been reused by scientists for the huge Panthalassa ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea hundreds of million years ago .

Question: where did the atlantic ocean get its name

answer: The term ``Atlantic'' originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast. Also Atlantis thalassa (Greek: Ἀτλαντὶς θάλασσα ; English: ' Sea of Atlantis ' or 'the Atlantis sea') where the name refers to ``the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles'' which is said to be part of the ocean that surrounds all land.
answer: The term ``Atlantic'' originally referred specifically to the Atlas Mountains in Morocco and the sea off the Strait of Gibraltar and the North African coast. Also Atlantis thalassa, English: ' Sea of Atlantis ' or 'the Atlantis sea' where the name refers to ``the sea beyond the pillars of Heracles'' which is said to be part of the ocean that surrounds all land.
title: Romanticism
text: In the United States , at least by 1818 with William Cullen Bryant 's `` To a Waterfowl '' , Romantic poetry was being published . American Romantic Gothic literature made an early appearance with Washington Irving 's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow ( 1820 ) and Rip Van Winkle ( 1819 ) , followed from 1823 onwards by the Leatherstocking Tales of James Fenimore Cooper , with their emphasis on heroic simplicity and their fervent landscape descriptions of an already - exotic mythicized frontier peopled by `` noble savages '' , similar to the philosophical theory of Rousseau , exemplified by Uncas , from The Last of the Mohicans . There are picturesque `` local color '' elements in Washington Irving 's essays and especially his travel books . Edgar Allan Poe 's tales of the macabre and his balladic poetry were more influential in France than at home , but the romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and melodrama of Nathaniel Hawthorne 's The Scarlet Letter ( 1850 ) . Later Transcendentalist writers such as Henry David Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson still show elements of its influence and imagination , as does the romantic realism of Walt Whitman . The poetry of Emily Dickinson -- nearly unread in her own time -- and Herman Melville 's novel Moby - Dick can be taken as epitomes of American Romantic literature . By the 1880s , however , psychological and social realism were competing with Romanticism in the novel . Influence

Question: what are characteristics of the american romantic style

answer: American Romantic Gothic literature had their emphasis on heroic simplicity and their fervent landscape descriptions of an already - exotic mythicized frontier peopled by ``noble savages'', similar to the philosophical theory of Rousseau, exemplified by Uncas, from The Last of the Mohicans.  The romantic American novel developed fully with the atmosphere and melodrama of Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850).
title: Bull Terrier
text: In the mid-19th century James Hinks started breeding Bull and Terriers with `` English White Terriers '' ( now extinct ) , looking for a cleaner appearance with better legs and nicer head . In 1862 , Hinks entered a dam called `` Puss '' sired by his white Bulldog called `` Madman '' into the Bull Terrier Class at the dog show held at the Cremorne Gardens in Chelsea . Originally known as the `` Hinks Breed '' and `` The White Cavalier '' , these dogs did not yet have the now - familiar `` egg face '' , but kept the stop in the skull profile . The dog was immediately popular and breeding continued , using Dalmatian , Spanish Pointer , and Whippet to increase elegance and agility ; and Borzoi and Rough Collie to reduce the stop . Hinks wanted his dogs white , and bred specifically for this . The first modern Bull Terrier is now recognised as `` Lord Gladiator '' , from 1917 , being the first dog with no stop at all .

Question: how did the bull terrier get its head

answer: In 1862, James Hinks entered a dam called ``Puss'' sired by his white Bulldog called ``Madman'' into the Bull Terrier Class.   These dogs did not yet have the now - familiar ``egg face'', but kept the stop in the skull profile.  The dog was immediately popular and breeding continued, using Dalmatian, Spanish Pointer, and Whippet to increase elegance and agility; and Borzoi and Rough Collie to reduce the stop.  The first modern Bull Terrier is now recognized as ``Lord Gladiator'', from 1917, being the first dog with no stop at all.
answer: In 1862, James Hinks entered a dam called ``Puss'' sired by his white Bulldog called ``Madman'' into the Bull Terrier Class. These dogs did not yet have the now - familiar ``egg face'', but kept the stop in the skull profile. The dog was immediately popular and breeding continued, using Dalmatian, Spanish Pointer, and Whippet to increase elegance and agility; and Borzoi and Rough Collie to reduce the stop.
title: The Sound of Music (film)
text: The film aired in its uncut form ( minus the entr'acte ) on April 9 , 1995 , on NBC . Julie Andrews hosted the four - hour telecast which presented the musical numbers in a letterbox format . As the film 's home video availability cut into its television ratings , NBC let their contract lapse in 2001 . That year , the film was broadcast one time on the Fox network , in its heavily edited 140 - minute version . Since 2002 , the film has aired on ABC , generally during Christmas week , and has been broadcast on its sister cable network , Freeform , periodically around Easter and other holidays . Most of its more recent runs have been the full version in a four - hour time slot , complete with the entr'acte . ABC first broadcast a high definition version on December 28 , 2008 . On December 22 , 2013 , the annual broadcast had its highest ratings since 2007 ; the increase in ratings were credited to NBC 's broadcast of The Sound of Music Live ! -- a live television adaptation of the original musical which aired earlier that month .

Question: when does the sound of music come on

answer: The film aired in its uncut form ( minus the entr'acte ) on April 9, 1995, on NBC.
On December 22, 2013, the annual broadcast had its highest ratings since 2007.
answer: The film aired in its uncut form on April 9, 1995. Since 2002 , the film has aired during Christmas week and around Easter and other holidays .
title: Agatha Christie: And Then There Were None
text: Following the game 's completion , the player is given one last challenge that will reward them with the original ending to the book . The original ending to the book , where Wargrave is the killer . Dying , he wants to mete out justice personally to criminals who have escaped punishment , who he has invited to the island . The alternate ending details the events of the book , And Then There Were None , wherein all the guests on the island are killed by Wargrave except for the last two , Vera and Lombard . Vera then shoots Lombard , thinking him the murderer ( since Wargrave has faked his own death ) , and then hangs herself . Wargrave then shoots himself .

Question: who killed who in and then there were none

answer: The original ending to the book "And Then There Were None" has Wargrave as the killer. The alternate ending details the events of the book wherein all the guests on the island are killed by Wargrave except for the last two, Vera and Lombard. Vera then shoots Lombard and then hangs herself. Wargrave then shoots himself.
title: Androscoggin River
text: The Androscoggin begins in Errol , New Hampshire , where the Magalloway River joins the outlet of Umbagog Lake . The river flows generally south but with numerous bends past the towns of Errol and Milan and the city of Berlin before turning east at the town of Gorham , New Hampshire , to cut across the northern end of the White Mountains and enter Maine . Continuing east , the river passes the towns of Bethel , Rumford , and Dixfield before turning south at the town of Livermore Falls and leaving the mountains behind . The river passes through the twin cities of Lewiston and Auburn , turns southeast , passes the community of Lisbon Falls and reaches tidewater just below the final falls in the town of Brunswick . Merrymeeting Bay is a 10 - mile - long ( 16 km ) freshwater estuary where the Androscoggin meets the Kennebec River nearly 20 miles ( 32 km ) inland from the Atlantic Ocean .

Question: where does the androscoggin river start and end

answer: The Androscoggin begins in Errol , New Hampshire. Merrymeeting Bay is a 10 mile long freshwater estuary where the Androscoggin meets the Kennebec River nearly 20 miles inland from the Atlantic Ocean.
title: How Do You Like Me Now?! (song)
text: Keith discussed the inspiration for the song on his website in 2000 . `` Initially , I said , ' Here 's my title : `` You Never Loved Me Before , So How Do You Like Me Now ? ' '' It 's one of my catch - phrases . A lot of people become successful after they 've been told they wo n't ever be , so people can relate to this . It can be about an old flame or a boss or a teacher - whatever it means to each individual . It was a fun song to write . ''

Question: toby keith how do you like me now story

answer: Keith discussed the inspiration for the song on his website. I said, 'Here's my title: ``You Never Loved Me Before, So How Do You Like Me Now ?''. A lot of people become successful after they've been told they won't ever be, so people can relate to this. It can be about an old flame or a boss or a teacher - whatever it means to each individual.
title: Trustee model of representation
text: The trustee model of representation is a model for how we should understand the role of representatives , and is frequently contrasted with the delegate model of representation . Constituents elect their representatives as ' trustees ' ( or ' entrust ' them ) for their constituency . These ' trustees ' have sufficient autonomy to deliberate and act in favour of the greater common good and national interest , even if it means going against the short - term interests of their own constituencies . The model provides a solution to the problem of uninformed constituents who lack the necessary knowledge on issues to take an educated position . By contrast , in the delegate model , the representative is expected to act strictly in accordance to a mandate from the represented .

Question: what is the difference between delegate and trustee representation

answer: Constituents elect their representatives as 'trustees' (or 'entrust' them) for their constituency.  These 'trustees' have sufficient autonomy to deliberate and act in favour of the greater common good and national interest, even if it means going against the short-term interests of their own constituencies.  By contrast, in the delegate model, the representative is expected to act strictly in accordance to a mandate from the represented.
title: War of the Worlds (2005 film)
text: Ray joins the crowd at the scene of the lightning strikes , where a massive `` Tripod '' war machine emerges from the ground and uses powerful weaponry to destroy the area , disintegrating most of the witnesses into a grey dust and leaving only their empty clothes behind . Ray collects his children , steals a car that had just been repaired , and drives to Mary Ann 's empty home in suburban New Jersey to take refuge . The next morning , he finds that a Boeing 747 has crashed in the street . A news team scavenging for food and surveying the wreckage explain that there are multiple Tripods that have attacked major cities including New York City , Paris , Washington , D.C. , and London , and have force shields to protect them from human weapons . They also explain the Tripods ' pilots traveled to Earth within the lightning as a way to enter their war machines , which had been buried here millions of years prior . Ray decides to take the kids to Boston to be with their mother . The three are forced to abandon their car after a mob sees that it 's working and swarms the vehicle . They later survive a Tripod attack which causes a Hudson River ferry to sink . During a desperate battle between U.S. Marines and the aliens , Ray is forced to choose between being separated from Rachel and preventing Robbie from joining the fight : he lets Robbie go with the Marines , to what appears to be certain death . While escaping , Ray and Rachel are offered shelter in the basement of a farmhouse by a man named Harlan Ogilvy .

Question: what are the aliens in war of the worlds

answer: At the scene of the lightning strikes, a massive ``Tripod'' war machine emerges from the ground and uses powerful weaponry to destroy the area, disintegrating most of the witnesses into a grey dust and leaving only their empty clothes behind.  There is a desperate battle between U.S. Marines and the aliens.
answer: The lightning strikes, a massive ``Tripod'' war machine emerges from the ground and uses powerful weaponry to destroy the area, disintegrating most of the witnesses into a grey dust and leaving only their empty clothes behind.  A news team explained that there are multiple Tripods that have attacked major cities including New York City, Paris, Washington, D.C. and London, and have force shields to protect them from human weapons. They also explain the Tripods' pilots traveled to Earth within the lightning as a way to enter their war machines, which had been buried here millions of years prior.
title: When You Believe
text: `` When You Believe '' is a song from the 1998 DreamWorks musical animated feature The Prince of Egypt . It was written and composed by Stephen Schwartz . A pop single version of `` When You Believe '' , with additional music and lyrics by writer - producer Babyface , was also recorded for the film by American singers Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey for the film 's end credits and its soundtrack album . Additionally , the song was featured on Houston 's fourth studio album , My Love Is Your Love and Carey 's first compilation album , # 1 's . The original version of the song , featured in the narrative portion of the film , is performed by Sally Dworsky , Michelle Pfeiffer , and a children 's choir . `` When You Believe '' is described as a big ballad , with meaningful and inspirational lyrics , describing the ability each person has to achieve miracles when they reach out to God and believe .

Question: who sang when you believe in the movie the prince of egypt

answer: A pop single version of ``When You Believe'', with additional music and lyrics by writer-producer Babyface, was also recorded for the film by American singers Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey for the film's end credits and its soundtrack album. The original version of the song, featured in the narrative portion of the film, is performed by Sally Dworsky, Michelle Pfeiffer and a children's choir.
title: Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking
text: `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' is a poem by Walt Whitman . It is one of Whitman 's complex and successfully integrated poems . Whitman used several new techniques in the poem . One is the use of images like bird , boy , sea . The influence of music is also seen in opera form . Some critics have taken the poem to be an elegy mourning the death of someone dear to him . The basic theme of the poem is the relationship between suffering and art . It shows how a boy matures into a poet through his experience of love and death . Art is a sublimation of frustrations and death is a release from the stress and strains caused by such frustrations . The language is similar to `` There Was a Child Went Forth '' .

Question: central idea of the poem out of the cradle endlessly rocking

answer: ``Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking'' is a poem by Walt Whitman. The basic theme of the poem is the relationship between suffering and art. It shows how a boy matures into a poet through his experience of love and death.
title: Spinal cord
text: The spinal cord is a long , thin , tubular bundle of nervous tissue and support cells that extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column . The brain and spinal cord together make up the central nervous system ( CNS ) . In humans , the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum , and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae . The spinal cord extends down to between the first and second lumbar vertebrae where it ends . The enclosing bony vertebral column protects the relatively shorter spinal cord . It is around 45 cm ( 18 in ) in men and around 43 cm ( 17 in ) long in women . Also , the spinal cord has a varying width , ranging from 13 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the cervical and lumbar regions to 6.4 mm ( ⁄ in ) thick in the thoracic area .

Question: where is the spine located in the body

answer: In humans, the spinal cord begins at the occipital bone where it passes through the foramen magnum, and meets and enters the spinal canal at the beginning of the cervical vertebrae.
title: Mechanism of action of aspirin
text: Aspirin causes several different effects in the body , mainly the reduction of inflammation , analgesia ( relief of pain ) , the prevention of clotting , and the reduction of fever . Much of this is believed to be due to decreased production of prostaglandins and TXA2 . Aspirin 's ability to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is due to its irreversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase ( COX ) enzyme . Cyclooxygenase is required for prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis . Aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the COX enzyme . This makes aspirin different from other NSAIDs ( such as diclofenac and ibuprofen ) , which are reversible inhibitors . However , other effects of aspirin , such as uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria , and the modulation of signaling through NF - κB , are also being investigated . Some of its effects are like those of salicylic acid , which is not an acetylating agent .

Question: what is the mechanism of action for aspirin

answer: Aspirin's ability to suppress the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes is due to its irreversible inactivation of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme.  Aspirin acts as an acetylating agent where an acetyl group is covalently attached to a serine residue in the active site of the COX enzyme.   Other effects of aspirin, such as uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria, and the modulation of signaling through NF - κB, are also being investigated.
title: Treaty of Versailles
text: The Treaty of Versailles ( French : Traité de Versailles ) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end . The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers . It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles , exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand which directly led to World War I . The other Central Powers on the German side of World War I signed separate treaties . Although the armistice , signed on 11 November 1918 , ended the actual fighting , it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty . The treaty was registered by the Secretariat of the League of Nations on 21 October 1919 .

Question: end of ww1 and the treaty of versailles

answer: The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end.  Although the armistice, signed on 11 November 1918, ended the actual fighting, it took six months of Allied negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty.
title: Alan Shepard
text: A graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis , Shepard saw action with the surface navy during World War II . He became a naval aviator in 1946 , and a test pilot in 1950 . He was selected as one of the original NASA Mercury Seven astronauts in 1959 , and in May 1961 he made the first manned Project Mercury flight , MR - 3 , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . His craft entered space , but was not capable of achieving orbit . He became the second person , and the first American , to travel into space , and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft . In the final stages of Project Mercury , Shepard was scheduled to pilot the Mercury - Atlas 10 ( MA - 10 ) , which was planned as a three - day mission . He named Mercury Spacecraft 15B Freedom 7 II in honor of his first spacecraft , but the mission was cancelled .

Question: when did the first american go to space

answer: In May 1961, Alan Shepard made the first manned Project Mercury flight , MR - 3 , in a spacecraft he named Freedom 7 . He became the second person , and the first American , to travel into space , and the first person to manually control the orientation of his spacecraft .
title: Etymology of chemistry
text: In the history of science , the etymology of the word chemistry is debatable . It is agreed that the word derives from the word alchemy , which is a European one , derived from the Kimiya ( کیمیا ) Alchemy al - kīmiyāʾ ( الكيمياء ) . The Arabic term is derived from the Ancient Greek χημία khēmia or χημεία khēmeia . However , the ultimate origin of the root word , chem , is uncertain .

Question: where does the english word chemistry come from

answer: The word derives from the word alchemy, which is a European one, however, the ultimate origin of the root word, chem, is uncertain.
answer: It is agreed that the word, chemistry, derives from the word alchemy , which is a European one .  However , the ultimate origin of the root word , chem , is uncertain .
title: Alex Drake (Pretty Little Liars)
text: Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars . She was officially introduced in the episode `` Till Death Do Us Part '' , revealed to be Spencer Hastings ' identical twin sister as well as the elusive `` A.D. '' . Alex believed the Liars knew who was accountable for Charlotte Drake 's homicide and also she impersonates Spencer due to being jealous of the upbringing that she was able to have . She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her , forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood . She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series .

Question: who is alex drake in pretty little liars

answer: Alex Drake is a fictional character created by I. Marlene King and portrayed by Troian Bellisario on the American television series Pretty Little Liars.  She was adopted by a wealthy British family that later abandoned her, forcing Alex to bounce around foster homes and orphanages for a large portion of her childhood.  She is considered to be the deadliest antagonist of the series.
title: Kim Jong-un
text: Kim Jong - un ( Chosŏn'gŭl : 김정은 ; Korean pronunciation : ( kim. dʑʌŋ. ɯn ) or ( kim ) ( tɕʌŋ. ɯn ) ; born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the Chairman of the Workers ' Party of Korea ( WPK ) and supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea . Kim is the second child of Kim Jong - il ( 1941 -- 2011 ) and Ko Yong - hui . Before taking power , Kim was rarely seen in public , and many of the activities of Kim and his government remain unknown . Even details such as what year he was born , and whether he did indeed attend a Western school under a pseudonym , are difficult to confirm .

Question: who is the leader of north korea and how old is he

answer: Kim Jong - un (born 8 January 1982 -- 84 or 5 July 1984 ) is the supreme leader of the Democratic People 's Republic of Korea ( DPRK ) , commonly referred to as North Korea .
title: Lynyrd Skynyrd
text: In 1969 , Van Zant sought a new name . The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd , a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School . Skinner was notorious for strictly enforcing the school 's policy against boys having long hair . Rossington dropped out of school , tired of being hassled about his hair . The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970 . Despite their high school acrimony , the band developed a friendlier relationship with Skinner in later years , and invited him to introduce them at a concert in the Jacksonville Memorial Coliseum . Skinner also allowed the band to use a photo of his Leonard Skinner Realty sign for the inside of their third album .

Question: where did the name lynyrd skynyrd come from

answer: The group settled on Leonard Skinnerd, a mocking tribute to physical education teacher Leonard Skinner at Robert E. Lee High School.  The more distinctive spelling `` Lynyrd Skynyrd '' was being used at least as early as 1970.
title: National Association of Manufacturers
text: NAM was founded by Thomas P. Egan , late President of the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce and head of the J.A. Fay and Egan Co. , woodworking and machinery company , not long after reading an editorial in the magazine `` Dixie , '' out of Atlanta , Georgia , during the depression of 1894 . This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally . Under Egan 's leadership , organization began , and a group was created ; they called themselves the `` Big 50 '' ; he invited them , and asked them to invite others , to Cincinnati . On Jan 25 , 1895 , in the Oddfellows Temple , where 583 manufacturers attended , NAM was created . `` The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation 's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries . One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' . The organization 's first president was Thomas Dolan of Philadelphia ( not , as erroneously listed in some sources , Samuel P. Bush ) .

Question: why was the national association of manufacturers formed

answer: This editorial urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally .One of the NAM 's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce '' .
answer: An editorial in the magazine ``Dixie'' during the depression of 1894 urged the manufacturers of the time to organize and work together to improve business conditions nationally. Influenced by the article, NAM was founded. ``The U.S. was in the midst of a deep recession and many of the nation's manufacturers saw a strong need to export their products in other countries.  One of the NAM's earliest efforts was to call for the creation of the U.S. Department of Commerce''.
title: All-India Muslim League
text: The All - India Muslim League ( popularised as Muslim League ) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire . Its strong advocacy for the establishment of a separate Muslim - majority nation - state , Pakistan , successfully led to the partition of British India in 1947 by the British Empire . The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure . Sir Syed had founded , in 1886 , the Muhammadan Educational Conference , but a self - imposed ban prevented it from discussing politics . In December 1906 conference in Dhaka , attended by 3,000 delegates , the conference removed the ban and adopted a resolution to form an All Indian Muslim League political party . Its original political goal was to define and advance the Indian Muslim 's civil rights and to provide protection to the upper and gentry class of Indian Muslims . It remained an elitist organisation until 1937 , when the leadership began mobilising the Muslim masses and the League then became a popular organisation .

Question: when and under whose leadership was the muslim league formed

answer: The All-India Muslim League (popularized as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire. The party arose out of a literary movement begun at The Aligarh Muslim University in which Syed Ahmad Khan was a central figure.