deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Cuba–Soviet Union relations
text: The subsequent dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 had an immediate and devastating effect on Cuba . Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union , soon after entering a fiscal crisis . While throughout the 1990s and into the present , Cuba maintained and built up relationships with other Latin American neighbors and non-aligned countries , as the only Marxist nation within the Western Hemisphere , Cuba was no longer able to maintain their political status . After the shift to world market prices under the 1991 trade agreement and the dissolution of CMEA , which had once accounted for almost 85 percent of Cuban trade , trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent . The Soviet Union alone imported 80 % of all Cuban sugar and 40 % of all Cuban citrus . Oil imports dropped from 13 million tons in 1989 to about 3 million tons in 1993 from Russia . The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba . Further

Question: how did the fall of the soviet union affect cuba's economy

answer: Valuable aid and trading privileges after the fall of the Soviet Union were lost to Cuba , soon after entering a fiscal crisis .
The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba .
answer: After the fall of the Soviet Union, Cuba lost valuable aid and trading privileges and entered a fiscal crisis. Trade with the Soviet Union declined by more than 90 percent. The end of communism in Europe resulted in the end of Cuban - Soviet relations and great isolation and economic hardship in Cuba.
title: Love It or List It
text: Love It or List It is a Canadian home design TV show currently airing on HGTV , W Network , and on OWN Canada , and is the original show in the Love it or List It franchise . The show is produced by Big Coat Productions and was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada . The show premiered as a primetime program on W Network on September 8 , 2008 , and has since aired on OWN Canada as well as HGTV in the United States . In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina .

Question: where is love it or list it shot

answer: The show was based in Toronto and other surrounding areas in Ontario , Canada. In September 2014 , the show began filming in the United States in North Carolina.
title: United Kingdom general election, 2010
text: The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday , 6 May 2010 , with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons . The election took place in 650 constituencies across the United Kingdom under the first - past - the - post system . None of the parties achieved the 326 seats needed for an overall majority . The Conservative Party , led by David Cameron , won the largest number of votes and seats , but still fell 20 seats short . This resulted in a hung parliament where no party was able to command a majority in the House of Commons . This was only the second general election since the Second World War to return a hung parliament , the first being the February 1974 election . Unlike in 1974 , the potential for a hung parliament had this time been widely considered and predicted , and both the country and politicians were better prepared for the constitutional process that would follow such a result . The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome . The hung parliament came about in spite of the Conservatives managing both a higher vote total and higher share of the vote than the previous Labour government had done in 2005 , when it secured a comfortable majority .

Question: who was in power in the uk in 2010

answer: The Conservative Party, led by David Cameron, won the largest number of votes and seats, but still fell 20 seats short. The coalition government that was subsequently formed was the first coalition in British history to eventuate directly from an election outcome.
title: Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (film)
text: Filming was initially set to begin in August 2014 in London. Principal photography on the film began on February 24 , 2015 in the Tampa Bay Area . Filming lasted for two weeks in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties , in the Florida area . It is the second Tim Burton film to be shot in the Tampa Bay area , the first being Edward Scissorhands , in 1989 . Production of the film later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a municipality close to Antwerp , Belgium .

Question: where was miss peregrine home for peculiar filmed

answer: Filming was initially set to begin in London, moved on to the Tampa Bay Area, and Hillsborough and Pinellas counties. Production later moved to Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall, and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat , a community close to Antwerp, Belgium.
answer: It was filmed in the Tampa Bay Area, Hillsborough and Pinellas counties and in the Florida area. The production was in Caerhays Castle and Minions in Cornwall , and Blackpool in the United Kingdom , and Brasschaat, Belgium.
title: Endoplasmic reticulum
text: The endoplasmic reticulum ( ER ) is a type of organelle found in eukaryotic cells that forms an interconnected network of flattened , membrane - enclosed sacs or tube - like structures known as cisternae . The membranes of the ER are continuous with the outer nuclear membrane . The endoplasmic reticulum occurs in most types of eukaryotic cells , but is absent from red blood cells and spermatozoa . There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) . The outer ( cytosolic ) face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes that are the sites of protein synthesis . The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes . The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification . The smooth ER is especially abundant in mammalian liver and gonad cells .

Question: what are the two types of endoplasmic reticulum mention one function of each

answer: There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum : rough ( granular ) and smooth ( agranular ) . The rough endoplasmic reticulum is especially prominent in cells such as hepatocytes . The smooth endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes and functions in lipid manufacture and metabolism , the production of steroid hormones , and detoxification .
title: Trail of Tears
text: The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals , sometimes at gunpoint , of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to other areas , one which was an area West of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory . The forced relocations were carried out by government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830 . Many of the relocated native people suffered from exposure , disease , and starvation while en route to their new designated reserve , and many died before reaching their various designated reserve ( s ) . The removal included members of the Cherokee , Muscogee ( Creek ) , Seminole , Chickasaw , Choctaw , and Ponca nations . The phrase `` Trail of Tears '' originates from a description of the many native american tribes removal ; including the infamous Cherokee Nation in 1838 .

Question: indian removal act and trail of tears definition

answer: The phrase ``Trail of Tears'' originates from a description of the many Native American tribes removal, sometimes at gunpoint, of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to other areas.
title: Geography of Florida
text: Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico , the Atlantic Ocean , and the Straits of Florida . Spanning two time zones , it extends to the northwest into a panhandle along the northern Gulf of Mexico . It is bordered on the north by the states of Georgia and Alabama , and on the west , at the end of the panhandle , by Alabama . It is near The Bahamas and several Caribbean countries , particularly Cuba . Florida has 131 public airports , and more than 700 private airports , airstrips , heliports , and seaplane bases . Florida is one of the largest states east of the Mississippi River , and only Alaska and Michigan are larger in water area . Crandon

Question: florida is located between which two bodies of water

answer: Much of the state of Florida is situated on a peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico , the Atlantic Ocean , and the Straits of Florida. Florida is one of the largest states east of the Mississippi River
answer: Florida is situated on a peninsula between two bodies of water, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
title: Gunfight at the O.K. Corral
text: The Gunfight at the O.K. Corral was a 30 - second shootout between lawmen and members of a loosely organized group of outlaws called the Cowboys that took place at about 3 : 00 p.m. on Wednesday , October 26 , 1881 , in Tombstone , Arizona Territory . It is generally regarded as the most famous shootout in the history of the American Wild West . The gunfight was the result of a long - simmering feud , with Cowboys Billy Claiborne , Ike and Billy Clanton , and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp , Special Policeman Morgan Earp , Special Policeman Wyatt Earp , and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side . All three Earp brothers had been the target of repeated death threats made by the Cowboys , who objected to the Earps ' interference in their illegal activities . The four law men faced five Cowboys . Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed . Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight , along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller . Virgil , Morgan , and Doc Holliday were wounded , but Wyatt Earp was unharmed . The shootout has come to represent a period of the American Old West when the frontier was virtually an open range for outlaws , largely unopposed by law enforcement officers who were spread thin over vast territories .

Question: who won the gunfight at the ok corral

answer: The gunfight was the result of a long-simmering feud, with Cowboys Billy Claiborne, Ike and Billy Clanton, and Tom and Frank McLaury on one side and town Marshal Virgil Earp, Special Policeman Morgan Earp, Special Policeman Wyatt Earp, and temporary policeman Doc Holliday on the other side. Billy Clanton and both McLaury brothers were killed while Ike Clanton claimed that he was unarmed and ran from the fight, along with Billy Claiborne and Wes Fuller. Virgil, Morgan and Doc Holliday were wounded, but Wyatt Earp was unharmed.
title: California State Lottery
text: All prizes for Fantasy 5 , Daily Derby , Daily 3 , Daily 4 , and non-jackpot SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball prizes , are paid out in one payment , less 25 % or 33 % ( depending upon the winner 's tax documentation ) Federal withholding if the prize is over $5,000 . Merchandise prizes over $5,000 are subject to 33 % Federal withholding . Scratchers tickets are generally one - payment prizes ; however , some games have annuity options for payments each year , or per week . California does not tax California Lottery winnings , however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions . For SuperLotto Plus and Mega Millions jackpots , the player may choose a single cash payout for a floating percentage of the jackpot , or an annuity . The SuperLotto Plus , Mega Millions , and Powerball payment schedule are on a graduated basis over 30 annual payments . Until 2005 , when California joined Mega Millions , the payment choice on SuperLotto Plus had to be made when the ticket was bought . Since then , there is a 60 - day window after winning , in which the choice of cash or annuity is to be made .

Question: what are the taxes on lottery winnings in california

answer: In California, California Lottery winnings are not taxed, however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions .
answer: All prizes are paid out in one payment, less 25 % or 33 % depending upon the winner's tax documentation. 
 California does not tax California Lottery winnings, however it taxes lottery winnings from other jurisdictions.
title: The Spectator (1711)
text: In Number 10 , Mr. Spectator states that The Spectator will aim `` to enliven morality with wit , and to temper wit with morality '' . The journal reached an audience of thousands of people every day , because `` the Spectators was something that every middle - class household with aspirations to looking like its members took literature seriously would want to have . '' He hopes it will be said he has `` brought philosophy out of closets and libraries , schools , and colleges , to dwell in clubs and assemblies , at tea - tables and coffee -- houses '' . Women specifically were also a target audience for The Spectator , because one of the aims of the periodical was to increase the number of women who were `` of a more elevated life and conversation . '' Steele states in The Spectator , No. 10 , `` But there are none to whom this paper will be more useful than to the female world . '' He recommends that readers of the paper consider it `` as a part of the tea - equipage '' and set aside time to read it each morning . The Spectator sought to provide readers with topics for well - reasoned discussion , and to equip them to carry on conversations and engage in social interactions in a polite manner . In keeping with the values of Enlightenment philosophies of their time , the authors of The Spectator promoted family , marriage , and courtesy .

Question: joseph addison the aims of the spectator summary

answer: The Spectator will aim ``to enliven morality with wit , and to temper wit with morality ''. Women specifically were also a target audience for The Spectator, because one of the aims of the periodical was to increase the number of women who were ``of a more elevated life and conversation.'' The Spectator sought to provide readers with topics for well - reasoned discussion, and to equip them to carry on conversations and engage in social interactions in a polite manner.
answer: The Spectator will aim ``to enliven morality with wit , and to temper wit with morality ''. Women specifically were also a target audience for The Spectator, because one of the aims of the periodical was to increase the number of women who were ``of a more elevated life and conversation.'' The Spectator sought to provide readers with topics for well - reasoned discussion, and to enable them to carry on conversations and engage in social interactions in a polite manner.
title: If I Were a Boy
text: `` If I Were a Boy '' was written by BC Jean and Toby Gad . It is the opening ballad of the I Am ... disc of the double album I Am ... Sasha Fierce . It is the only song on either disc that Beyoncé did not co-write . Most of the lyrics were written by Jean , who was inspired by the break - up of a romantic relationship . One day Jean and Gad visited a pizzeria in Times Square in New York City . Although tempted , Jean refrained from eating pizza because she was dieting . She then thought that if she were a boy , she would have eaten without regret . After reflecting on the idea , she concluded that she would have been a better man than her past lover . Gad captured Jean 's ideas on a pocket recorder , and they went to the studio the same day . Once there , she wrote the lyrics and melody in about 15 minutes . She then recorded the song in less than half an hour , with Gad on the guitar .

Question: the meaning of the song if i were a boy

answer: It was inspired by the break - up of a romantic relationship.  It is a reflection of the idea that she would have been a better man than her past lover.
title: Dark matter halo
text: The visible disk of the Milky Way Galaxy is embedded in a much larger , roughly spherical halo of dark matter . The dark matter density drops off with distance from the galactic center . It is now believed that about 95 % of the Galaxy is composed of dark matter , a type of matter that does not seem to interact with the rest of the Galaxy 's matter and energy in any way except through gravity . The luminous matter makes up approximately 9 x 10 solar masses . The dark matter halo is likely to include around 6 x 10 to 3 x 10 solar masses of dark matter .

Question: why do astronomers think that there is a great amount of mass in the halo of the milky way

answer: The visible disk of the Milky Way Galaxy is embedded in a much larger, roughly spherical halo of dark matter. It is now believed that about 95 % of the Galaxy is composed of dark matter, a type of matter that does not seem to interact with the rest of the Galaxy's matter and energy in any way except through gravity.
title: Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film)
text: Two British film industry officials requested that the film be shot in the United Kingdom , offering their assistance in securing filming locations , the use of Leavesden Film Studios , as well as changing the UK 's child labour laws ( adding a small number of working hours per week and making the timing of on - set classes more flexible ) . Warner Bros. accepted their proposal . Filming began on 29 September 2000 at Leavesden Film Studios and concluded on 23 March 2001 , with final work being done in July . Principal photography took place on 2 October 2000 at North Yorkshire 's Goathland railway station . Canterbury Cathedral and Scotland 's Inverailort Castle were both touted as possible locations for Hogwarts ; Canterbury rejected Warner Bros. proposal due to concerns about the film 's `` pagan '' theme . Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral were eventually selected as the principal locations for Hogwarts , with some scenes also being filmed at Harrow School . Other Hogwarts scenes were filmed in Durham Cathedral over a two - week period ; these included shots of the corridors and some classroom scenes . Oxford University 's Divinity School served as the Hogwarts Hospital Wing , and Duke Humfrey 's Library , part of the Bodleian , was used as the Hogwarts Library . Filming for Privet Drive took place on Picket Post Close in Bracknell , Berkshire . Filming in the street took two days instead of the planned single day , so payments to the street 's residents were correspondingly increased . For all the subsequent film 's scenes set in Privet Drive , filming took place on a constructed set in Leavesden Film Studios , which proved to have been cheaper than filming on location . London 's Australia House was selected as the location for Gringotts Wizarding Bank , while Christ Church , Oxford was the location for the Hogwarts trophy room . London Zoo was used as the location for the scene in which Harry accidentally sets a snake on Dudley , with King 's Cross Station also being used as the book specifies . The

Question: harry potter and the philosopher's stone shooting locations

answer: Two British film industry officials requested that the film be shot in the United Kingdom offering their assistance in securing filming locations that include the use of Leavesden Film Studios, North Yorkshire's Goathland railway station, Alnwick Castle and Gloucester Cathedral, Harrow School, Durham Cathedral, Oxford University's Divinity School, Duke Humfrey's Library, part of the Bodleian, Picket Post Close in Bracknell, Berkshire, London 's Australia House, Christ Church in Oxford, London Zoo, and King 's Cross Station.
title: Prairie dog
text: Prairie dogs are chiefly herbivorous , though they eat some insects . They feed primarily on grasses and small seeds . In the fall , they eat broadleaf forbs . In the winter , lactating and pregnant females supplement their diets with snow for extra water . They also will eat roots , seeds , fruit , and buds . Grasses of various species are eaten . Black - tailed prairie dogs in South Dakota eat western bluegrass , blue grama , buffalo grass , six weeks fescue , and tumblegrass , while Gunnison 's prairie dogs eat rabbit brush , tumbleweeds , dandelions , saltbush , and cacti in addition to buffalo grass and blue grama . White - tailed prairie dogs have been observed to kill ground squirrels , a competing herbivore .

Question: what do prairie dogs eat in the desert

answer: Prairie dogs are chiefly herbivorous, though they eat some insects. They feed primarily on grasses, seeds, broadleaf forbs, roots, fruit and buds.
title: Spartan army
text: Tradition states that the semi-mythical Spartan legislator Lycurgus first founded the iconic army . Referring to Sparta as having a `` wall of men , instead of bricks '' , he proposed to reform Spartan society to develop a military - focused lifestyle in accordance with `` proper virtues '' such as equality for the male citizens , austerity , strength , and fitness . A Spartan male 's involvement with the army began in infancy when he was inspected by the Gerousia . Any baby judged weak or deformed was left at Mount Taygetus to die , since the world of the Spartans was no place for those who could not fend for themselves . ( The practice of discarding children at birth took place in Athens as well . ) Those deemed strong entered the agoge regime at the age of seven . Under the agoge the young boys or Spartiates underwent intense and rigorous military training . Their education focused primarily on cunning , sports and war tactics , but also included poetry , music , academics , and sometimes politics . Those who passed the agoge by the age of 30 achieved full Spartan citizenship .

Question: what was the spartan way of life designed to do

answer: It was a military-focused lifestyle in accordance with "proper virtues" such as equality for the male citizens, austerity, strength, and fitness. A Spartan male's involvement with the army began when he was inspected by the Gerousia. Any baby judged weak or deformed was left at Mount Taygetus to die. Those deemed strong entered the agoge regime at the age of seven. Under the agoge, the young boys or Spartiates underwent intense and rigorous military training. Their education focused primarily on cunning , sports and war tactics , but also included poetry, music, academics, and sometimes politics. Those who passed the agoge by the age of 30 achieved full Spartan citizenship.
title: Meyer Friedman
text: Then , there was the furniture . In the waiting room of the practice the two doctors ran , the chairs badly needed reupholstering . What was unusual was that the chairs were worn down on the front edges of the seats and armrests instead of on the back areas , which would have been more typical . The doctors later observed that those chairs were chosen by coronary patients , who tended to sit on the edge of the seat and leaped up frequently , usually to ask how much longer they would have to wait for their appointments to begin . They were as tense as racehorses at the gate . And they had heart problems . Was there a link ? After some initial observations , the doctors hypothesized that there was a connection . Friedman began some studies . In one , he observed 40 accountants , to see if their cholesterol levels rose under the stress of tax season . `` In March , their cholesterol shot up , '' said Dr. Gerald W. Friedland , a Stanford University professor emeritus of radiology who collaborated with Friedman on `` Medicine 's 10 Greatest Discoveries , '' a 1998 book .

Question: who noticed that the edges of their chairs were wearing out in an unusual way

answer: The two doctors Meyer Friedman and Gerald W. Friedland, a Stanford University professor emeritus of radiology who collaborated with Friedman on "Medicine's 10 Greatest Discoveries,'' a 1998 book, observed those chairs in the waiting room of their practice; the chairs were worn down on the front edges of the seats and armrests instead of on the back areas.
answer: The two doctors: Meyer Friedman and Gerald W. Friedland observed that the chairs were worn down on the front edges of the seats and armrests instead of on the back areas and that these chairs were chosen by coronary patients, who tended to sit on the edge of the seat.
title: It Ain't Me
text: `` It Ai n't Me '' is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez . It was released by Sony and Ultra on 17 February 2017 as the lead single from Kygo 's first EP , Stargazing ( 2017 ) . The song was written by Kygo , Gomez , Andrew Watt , Brian Lee and Ali Tamposi . It was produced by Kygo , Watt , Ben Rice and Louis Bell . A dance - pop and tropical house song , `` It Ai n't Me '' comprises an acoustic guitar line , and a build - drop arrangement in its chorus featuring pulsing piano notes , bass , synthesizers , finger - snap claps and pan flute melodies . Gomez sings the track in a husky tone , while in the chorus her vocals are reduced to recurring syllables . The lyrics are nostalgic and narrate a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often .

Question: kygo selena gomez – it ain't me

answer: `` It Ai n't Me '' is a song by Norwegian DJ Kygo and American singer Selena Gomez, with nostalgic lyrics, narrating  a past relationship ruined by alcoholism and partying too often .
title: Easter Island
text: Almost all ( 95 % ) moai were carved from compressed , easily worked solidified volcanic ash or tuff found at a single site on the side of the extinct volcano Rano Raraku . The native islanders who carved them used only stone hand chisels , mainly basalt toki , which lie in place all over the quarry . The stone chisels were sharpened by chipping off a new edge when dulled . While sculpting was going on , the volcanic stone was splashed with water to soften it . While many teams worked on different statues at the same time , a single moai took a team of five or six men approximately a year to complete . Each statue represented the deceased head of a lineage .

Question: where do the easter island statues come from

answer: Almost all ( 95 % ) moai were carved from compressed , easily worked solidified volcanic ash or tuff found at a single site on the side of the extinct volcano Rano Raraku .
Each statue represented the deceased head of a lineage .
answer: Almost all ( 95 % ) moai were carved from compressed , easily worked solidified volcanic ash or tuff found at a single site on the side of the extinct volcano Rano Raraku .
title: Gun laws in North Carolina
text: To acquire a handgun in North Carolina ( including private sales , gifts , and inheritance ) an individual must go to the county sheriff 's office in the county in which they reside and obtain a pistol purchase permit . This is not required if one has a CHP ( Concealed Handgun Permit ) . State law requires the applicant to appear in person with government ID , pay a $5 fee , undergo a background check similar in scope and scrutiny to NICS , and have a reason for owning a pistol ( hunting , target shooting , self defense , or collecting ) . Because there are 100 different counties in North Carolina , there are different sets of rules and requirements for obtaining such a permit , which can be determined arbitrarily by the local sheriff . Some sheriffs impose other restrictions such as a limit on the number of permits applied for at a time , waiting periods , and / or proof of good moral character ( a witness or references , in some cases notarized with affidavits ) . The Pistol Purchase requirements are a holdover from Jim Crow laws that were designed to prevent African - Americans and other minorities from easily obtaining handguns .

Question: steps to buy a gun in north carolina

answer: To acquire a handgun in North Carolina (including private sales, gifts, and inheritance) an individual must go to the county sheriff's office in the county in which they reside and obtain a pistol purchase permit. State law requires the applicant to appear in person with government ID, pay a $5 fee, undergo a background check similar in scope and scrutiny to NICS, and have a reason for owning a pistol (hunting, target shooting, self defense, or collecting). Because there are 100 different counties in North Carolina, there are different sets of rules and requirements for obtaining such a permit, which can be determined arbitrarily by the local sheriff.
title: End of the Han dynasty
text: The end of the Han dynasty refers to the period of Chinese history from 189 to 220 AD , which roughly coincides with the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty 's last ruler , Emperor Xian . During this period , the country was thrown into turmoil by the Yellow Turban Rebellion ( 184 - 205 ) . Meanwhile , the Han Empire 's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo , and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords , some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court . Eventually , one of those warlords , Cao Cao , was able to gradually reunify the empire , ostensibly under Emperor Xian 's rule , but the empire was actually controlled by Cao Cao himself . Cao Cao 's efforts to completely reunite the Han empire were rebuffed at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 / 209 , when his armies were defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei . The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao 's son and heir , Cao Pi , pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favour . Cao Pi became the emperor of a new state , Cao Wei . A year later , in response to Cao Pi 's usurpation of the Han throne , Liu Bei declared himself emperor of Shu Han ; and in 229 , Sun Quan followed suit , declaring himself emperor of Eastern Wu . The period from Emperor Xian 's abdication in 220 to the partial reunification of China under the Jin dynasty in 265 was known as the Three Kingdoms era in Chinese history .

Question: reasons for the collapse of the han dynasty

answer: The end of the Han dynasty refers to the tumultuous reign of the Han dynasty's last ruler, Emperor Xian. During this period, the country was thrown into turmoil by the Yellow Turban Rebellion. Meanwhile, the Han Empire's institutions were destroyed by the warlord Dong Zhuo, and fractured into regional regimes ruled by various warlords, some of whom were nobles and officials of the Han imperial court. Cao Cao's efforts to completely reunite the Han empire were rebuffed at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 / 209, when his armies were defeated by the allied forces of Sun Quan and Liu Bei. The Han dynasty formally ended in 220 when Cao Cao's son and heir, Cao Pi, pressured Emperor Xian into abdicating in his favor.
title: Santa Barbara, California
text: The first permanent European residents were Spanish missionaries and soldiers under Felipe de Neve , who came in 1782 to build the Presidio . They were sent both to fortify the region against expansion by other powers such as England and Russia , and to convert the natives to Christianity . Many of the Spaniards brought their families with them , and those formed the nucleus of the small town -- at first just a cluster of adobes -- that surrounded the Presidio of Santa Barbara . The Santa Barbara Mission was established on the Feast of Saint Barbara , December 4 , 1786 . It was the tenth of the California Missions to be founded by the Spanish Franciscans. ( 1 ) It was dedicated by Padre Fermín Lasuén , who succeeded Padre Junipero Serra as the second president and founder of the California Franciscan Mission Chain . The Mission fathers began the slow work of converting the native Chumash to Christianity , building a village for them on the Mission grounds . The Chumash laborers built a connection between the canyon creek and the Santa Barbara Mission water system through the use of a dam and an aqueduct . During the following decades , many of the natives died of diseases such as smallpox , against which they had no natural immunity .

Question: when was the city of santa barbara founded

answer: The first permanent European residents were Spanish missionaries and soldiers under Felipe de Neve, who came in 1782 to build the Presidio. The Santa Barbara Mission was established on the Feast of Saint Barbara, December 4, 1786.
answer: The first permanent European residents were Spanish missionaries and soldiers under Felipe de Neve, who came in 1782 to build the Presidio of Santa Barbara. The Santa Barbara Mission was established on the Feast of Saint Barbara, December 4, 1786.
title: State Board of Equalization (California)
text: The State Board of Equalization ( BOE ) is a public agency charged with tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States . The authorities of the Board fell into four broad areas : sales and use taxes , property taxes , special taxes , and acting as an appellate body for franchise and income tax appeals ( which are collected by the Franchise Tax Board ) . The BOE is the only publicly elected tax commission in the United States . The board is made up of four directly elected members , each representing a district for four - year terms , along with the State Controller , who is elected on a statewide basis , serving as the fifth member . In June 2017 , Governor Jerry Brown signed legislation stripping the Board of many of its powers , returning the agency to its original core responsibilities ( originating in the State Constitution in 1879 ) .

Question: who is the board of equalization in california

answer: The State Board of Equalization is a public agency in charge of tax administration and fee collection in the state of California in the United States .
It is made up of four directly elected members , each representing a district for a term of  four - years, along with the State Controller, who is elected on a statewide basis , serving as the fifth member .
title: Statue of Liberty
text: Hunt 's pedestal design contains elements of classical architecture , including Doric portals , as well as some elements influenced by Aztec architecture . The large mass is fragmented with architectural detail , in order to focus attention on the statue . In form , it is a truncated pyramid , 62 feet ( 19 m ) square at the base and 39.4 feet ( 12.0 m ) at the top . The four sides are identical in appearance . Above the door on each side , there are ten disks upon which Bartholdi proposed to place the coats of arms of the states ( between 1876 and 1889 , there were 38 U.S. states ) , although this was not done . Above that , a balcony was placed on each side , framed by pillars . Bartholdi placed an observation platform near the top of the pedestal , above which the statue itself rises . According to author Louis Auchincloss , the pedestal `` craggily evokes the power of an ancient Europe over which rises the dominating figure of the Statue of Liberty '' . The committee hired former army General Charles Pomeroy Stone to oversee the construction work . Construction on the 15 - foot - deep ( 4.6 m ) foundation began in 1883 , and the pedestal 's cornerstone was laid in 1884 . In Hunt 's original conception , the pedestal was to have been made of solid granite . Financial concerns again forced him to revise his plans ; the final design called for poured concrete walls , up to 20 feet ( 6.1 m ) thick , faced with granite blocks . This Stony Creek granite came from the Beattie Quarry in Branford , Connecticut . The concrete mass was the largest poured to that time .

Question: what does the base of the statue of liberty look like

answer: In form, it is a truncated pyramid, 62 feet square at the base and 39.4 feet at the top.  The four sides are identical in appearance.   Above that, a balcony was placed on each side framed by pillars.  An observation platform near the top of the pedestal is placed above which the statue itself rises.
title: Memorandum
text: A memorandum can have only a certain number of formats ; it may have a format specific to an office or institution . In law specifically , a memorandum is a record of the terms of a transaction or contract , such as a policy memo , memorandum of understanding , memorandum of agreement , or memorandum of association . Alternative formats include memos , briefing notes , reports , letters , binders , etc . They could be one page long or many . They may be considered as grey literature . If the user is a cabinet minister or a senior executive , the format might be rigidly defined and limited to one or two pages . If the user is a colleague , the format is usually much more flexible . At its most basic level , a memorandum can be a handwritten note to one 's supervisor . In business , a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication , as opposed to letters which are typically for external communication . Hence , we can consider memoranda as an upward communication process through which any complaint , issues , opinion , views and suggestion are put forward to the authorized level .

Question: when do you use a memo vs letter

answer: In law, memos and letters are used as an alternative of memorandum, a record of the terms of a transaction or contract.  In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, as opposed to letters which are typically for external communication.
answer: In business, a memo is typically used by firms for internal communication, as opposed to letters which are typically for external communication.
title: Bee Gees
text: In August 1958 , the Gibb family , including older sister Lesley and infant brother Andy , emigrated to Redcliffe , just north - east of Brisbane in Queensland , Australia . The young brothers began performing to raise pocket money . They were introduced to leading Brisbane radio DJ Bill Gates by speedway promoter and driver Bill Goode , who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960 . The crowd at the speedway would throw money onto the track for the boys , who generally performed during the interval of meetings ( usually on the back of a truck that drove around the track ) , and in a deal with Goode , any money they collected from the crowd they were allowed to keep . Gates renamed them the BG 's ( later changed to `` Bee Gees '' ) after his ( Goode 's ) and Barry Gibb 's initials -- thus the name was not specifically a reference to `` Brothers Gibb '' , despite popular belief .

Question: where did the band name bee gees come from

answer: The "Bee Gees" is named after the driver Bill Goode, who had hired the brothers to entertain the crowd at the Redcliffe Speedway in 1960, and Barry Gibb 's initials.
title: One-child policy
text: Although the fertility rate began to decline , the Chinese government observed the global debate over a possible overpopulation catastrophe suggested by organizations such as Club of Rome and Sierra Club . While visiting Europe in 1979 , one of the top Chinese officials , Song Jian , read two influential books of the movement , The Limits to Growth and A Blueprint for Survival . With a group of mathematicians , Song determined the correct population of China to be 700 million . A plan was prepared to reduce China 's population to the desired level by 2080 , with the one - child policy as one of the main instruments of social engineering . In spite of some criticism inside the party , the plan ( also referred to as the Family Planning Policy ) was officially adopted in 1979 . The plan called for families to have one child each in order to curb a then - surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources , as well as to alleviate social , economic , and environmental problems in China . The policy was formally implemented as a temporary measure on September 18 , 1980 .

Question: what is the one child law in china

answer: A plan was prepared to reduce China 's population to the desired level of 700 million by 2080 , with the one - child policy as one of the main instruments of social engineering. The plan called for families to have one child each in order to curb a then - surging population and limit the demands for water and other resources , as well as to alleviate social , economic , and environmental problems in China.
title: History of rail transport in the United States
text: In 1860 , the combined total of railroad stocks and bonds was $1.8 billion ; 1897 it reached $10.6 billion ( compared to a total national debt of $1.2 billion ) . Funding came from financiers throughout the Northeast , and from Europe , especially Britain . The federal government provided no cash to any other railroads . However it did provide unoccupied free land to some of the Western railroads , so they could sell it to farmers and have customers along the route . Some cash came from states , or from local governments that use money as a leverage to prevent being bypassed by the main line . Larger sound came from the southern states during the Reconstruction era , as they try to rebuild their destroyed rail system . Some states such as Maine and Texas also made land grants to local railroads ; the state total was 49 million acres . The emerging American financial system was based on railroad bonds . Boston was the first center , but New York by 1860 was the dominant financial market . The British invested heavily in railroads around the world , but nowhere more so than the United States ; The total came to about $3 billion by 1914 . In 1914 -- 1917 , they liquidated their American assets to pay for war supplies .

Question: how did the advent of the railroads in the 19th century change the stock market

answer: In 1860, the combined total of railroad stocks and bonds was $1.8 billion; 1897 it reached $10.6 billion.  Funding came from financiers throughout the Northeast, and from Europe, especially Britain. The emerging American financial system was based on railroad bonds.
title: Wolf spider
text: Wolf spiders can be found in a wide range of habitats both coastal and inland . These include shrublands , woodland , wet coastal forest , alpine meadows , suburban gardens , and homes . Spiderlings disperse aerially and consequently wolf spiders have wide distributions . Although some species have very specific microhabitat needs ( such as stream - side gravel beds or montane herb - fields ) most are wanderers without permanent homes . Some build burrows which can be left open or have a trapdoor ( depending on species ) . Arid zone species construct turrets or plug their holes with leaves and pebbles during the rainy season to protect themselves from flood waters . Often they are found in man made locations such as sheds and other outdoor equipment .

Question: where are wolf spiders found in the world

answer: Wolf spiders can be found in a wide range of habitats both coastal and inland. These include shrublands , woodland , wet coastal forest , alpine meadows , suburban gardens , and homes. Often they are found in man made locations such as sheds and other outdoor equipment.
answer: Wolf spiders can be found in a wide range of habitats both coastal and inland. These include shrublands , woodland , wet coastal forest , alpine meadows , suburban gardens , and homes. They can also be found in man made locations such as sheds and other outdoor equipment.
title: Tennessee in the American Civil War
text: Tennessee was one of the most divided states in the country at the outset of the war . Before the bombardment of Fort Sumter , Tennessee was actually staunchly pro-Union , though there were still a few secessionist hot beds in the western portion of the state . The situation changed when Fort Sumter was bombarded and Lincoln made the call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion . Tennesseans saw this as a threat to their `` southern brethren , '' and the only real pockets of pro-Unionism came from the eastern portion of the state . In fact , Tennessee would furnish more troops for the Union than any other Confederate state , combined . However , over three times that number volunteered for the Confederacy . Interestingly , notable general Nathan Bedford Forrest voted against secession , but later fought for his state when it seceded .

Question: why did the union exert pressure into tennessee

answer: Tennessee was one of the most divided states in the country at the outset of the war. When Fort Sumter was bombarded Lincoln made the call for 75,000 volunteers to suppress the rebellion, the Tennesseans saw this as a threat to their ``southern brethren.''  In fact, Tennessee would furnish more troops for the Union than any other Confederate state, combined. However, over three times that number volunteered for the Confederacy.
title: Election Commission of India
text: One of the most important features of the democratic policy is elections at regular intervals . Holding periodic free and fair elections are essentials of a democratic system and a part of the basic structure of the Constitution . The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country . In every election , it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner . The Commission issued the code for the first time in 1971 for the 5th Lok Sabha elections and revised it from time to time . It lays down guidelines for the conduct of political parties and candidates during an election period . However , there have been instances of violation of the code by various political parties with complaints being received for misuse of official machinery by the candidates . The code does not have any specific statutory basis but only a persuasive effect . It contains the rules of electoral morality . However , this lack of statutory backing does not prevent the Commission from enforcing it .

Question: what is the role of election commission in free and fair elections

answer: The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country.  In every election, it issues a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner.
answer: The Election Commission is regarded as the guardian of elections in the country as it issues and enforces a Model code of Conduct for political parties and candidates to conduct elections in a free and fair manner.
title: Star Wars
text: The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars ( later subtitled Episode IV : A New Hope in 1981 ) , which became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon . It was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) ; these three films constitute the original Star Wars trilogy . A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005 , which received mixed reactions from both critics and fans . A sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars : The Force Awakens . All seven films were nominated for Academy Awards ( with wins going to the first two films released ) and have been commercial successes , with a combined box office revenue of over US $7.5 billion , making Star Wars the third highest - grossing film series . Spin - off films include the animated Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) and Rogue One ( 2016 ) , the latter of which is the first in a planned series of anthology films .

Question: what order is the star wars movies in

answer: The franchise began in 1977 with the release of the film Star Wars ( later subtitled Episode IV : A New Hope in 1981 ), and It was followed by the successful sequels The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ). A prequel trilogy was released between 1999 and 2005, and a sequel trilogy began in 2015 with the release of Star Wars : The Force Awakens . Spin - off films include the animated Star Wars : The Clone Wars ( 2008 ) and Rogue One ( 2016 ).