deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Jungle
text: One of the most common meanings of jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level , especially in the tropics . Typically such vegetation is sufficiently dense to hinder movement by humans , requiring that travelers cut their way through . This definition draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle , since the understorey of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight , and hence relatively easy to traverse . Jungles may exist within , or at the borders of , rainforests in areas where rainforest has been opened through natural disturbance such as hurricanes , or through human activity such as logging . The successional vegetation that springs up following such disturbance of rainforest is dense and impenetrable and is a ' typical ' jungle . Jungle also typically forms along rainforest margins such as stream banks , once again due to the greater available light at ground level .

Question: whats the difference between a jungle and a rain forest

answer: Jungle is land overgrown with tangled vegetation at ground level. This draws a distinction between rainforest and jungle, since the understory of rainforests is typically open of vegetation due to a lack of sunlight.
title: Computer
text: Charles Babbage , an English mechanical engineer and polymath , originated the concept of a programmable computer . Considered the `` father of the computer '' , he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century . After working on his revolutionary difference engine , designed to aid in navigational calculations , in 1833 he realized that a much more general design , an Analytical Engine , was possible . The input of programs and data was to be provided to the machine via punched cards , a method being used at the time to direct mechanical looms such as the Jacquard loom . For output , the machine would have a printer , a curve plotter and a bell . The machine would also be able to punch numbers onto cards to be read in later . The Engine incorporated an arithmetic logic unit , control flow in the form of conditional branching and loops , and integrated memory , making it the first design for a general - purpose computer that could be described in modern terms as Turing - complete .

Question: who invented the first computer and in what year

answer: Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. In 1833 he realized that a much more general design, an Analytical Engine, was possible.
title: Star Wars: The Last Jedi
text: Second unit photography began during pre-production at Skellig Michael in Ireland on September 14 , 2015 , due to the difficulties of filming at that location during other seasons . It would have lasted four days , but filming was canceled for the first day due to poor weather and rough conditions . In November 2014 , Ivan Dunleavy , chief executive of Pinewood Studios , confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood , with additional filming in Mexico . In September 2015 , del Toro revealed that principal photography would begin in March 2016 ; Kennedy later stated that filming would begin in January 2016 . The production began work on the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios on November 15 , 2015 . Rick Heinrichs served as production designer .

Question: where is star wars filmed the last jedi

answer: Second unit photography began at Skellig Michael in Ireland. Ivan Dunleavy confirmed that the film would be shot at Pinewood, with additional filming in Mexico.
title: Friend of Dorothy
text: The precise origin of the term is unknown . Some believe that it is derived from The Road to Oz ( 1909 ) , a sequel to the original Wonderful Wizard of Oz . The book introduces readers to Polychrome who , upon meeting Dorothy 's travelling companions , exclaims , `` You have some queer friends , Dorothy '' , and she replies , `` The queerness does n't matter , so long as they 're friends . '' More commonly , it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy , is a gay icon . In the film , Dorothy is accepting of those who are different . For example , the `` gentle lion '' living a line , `` I 'm afraid there 's no denyin ' , I 'm just a dandy lion . ''

Question: where does the expression friend of dorothy come from

answer: The precise origin of the term is unknown.
More commonly, it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon.
answer: The precise origin of the term is unknown. More commonly, it is stated that `` friend of Dorothy '' refers to the film The Wizard of Oz because Judy Garland , who starred as the main character Dorothy, is a gay icon.  Dorothy is accepting of those who are different .
title: Ocean color
text: The `` color '' of the ocean is determined by the interactions of incident light with substances or particles present in the water . White light from the sun is made up of a combination of colors , which are broken apart by water droplets in a ' rainbow ' spectrum . Large quantities of water , even in a swimming pool , would appear blue as well . When light hits the water surface , the different colors are absorbed , transmitted , scattered , or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean . The reason open ocean waters often appear blue is due to the absorption and scattering of light . The blue wavelengths of light are scattered , similar to the scattering of blue light in the sky but absorption is a much larger factor than scattering for the clear ocean water . In water , absorption is strong in the red and weak in the blue , thus red light is absorbed quickly in the ocean leaving blue . Almost all sunlight that enters the ocean is absorbed , except very close to the coast . The red , yellow , and green wavelengths of sunlight are absorbed by water molecules in the ocean . When sunlight hits the ocean , some of the light is reflected back directly but most of it penetrates the ocean surface and interacts with the water molecules that it encounters . The red , orange , yellow , and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets .

Question: why are different parts of the ocean different colors

answer: When light hits the water surface, the different colors are absorbed, transmitted, scattered or reflected in differing intensities by water molecules and other so - called optically - active constituents in suspension in the upper layer of the ocean. The red, orange, yellow and green wavelengths of light are absorbed so that the remaining light we see is composed of the shorter wavelength blues and violets.
title: Peloponnesian War
text: The Peloponnesian War ( 431 -- 404 BC ) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta . Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases . In the first phase , the Archidamian War , Sparta launched repeated invasions of Attica , while Athens took advantage of its naval supremacy to raid the coast of the Peloponnese and attempt to suppress signs of unrest in its empire . This period of the war was concluded in 421 BC , with the signing of the Peace of Nicias . That treaty , however , was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese . In 415 BC , Athens dispatched a massive expeditionary force to attack Syracuse in Sicily ; the attack failed disastrously , with the destruction of the entire force , in 413 BC . This ushered in the final phase of the war , generally referred to either as the Decelean War , or the Ionian War . In this phase , Sparta , now receiving support from Persia , supported rebellions in Athens ' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia , undermining Athens ' empire , and , eventually , depriving the city of naval supremacy . The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war , and Athens surrendered in the following year . Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused .

Question: what was the outcome of the peloponnesian war

answer: The Peloponnesian War (431 - 404 BC) was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. In the final phase of the war, Sparta, now receiving support from Persia, supported rebellions in Athens' subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens' empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. The destruction of Athens' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the war, and Athens surrendered in the following year.
answer: The destruction of Athens ' fleet at Aegospotami effectively ended the Peloponnesian War, and Athens surrendered in the following year . Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved , but Sparta refused .
title: Duffer Brothers
text: The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham , North Carolina . They began making films in the third grade using a Hi8 video camera that was a gift from their parents . They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school . They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts , where they graduated in 2007 . After writing and / or directing a number of short films , their script for the post-apocalyptic horror film , Hidden , was acquired by Warner Bros. Pictures in 2011 . The brothers directed the film in 2012 , which was released in 2015 . Director M. Night Shyamalan read the script and hired them as writer / producers on the Fox television series Wayward Pines .

Question: where did the duffer brothers go to school

answer: The Duffer brothers were born and raised in Durham, North Carolina. They attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8, a private suburban school, and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School, a large Durham public school. They relocated to Orange, California to study film at Chapman University's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts.
answer: Duffer Brothers attended the Duke School for Children from grades K - 8 , a private suburban school , and then matriculated to the Charles E. Jordan High School , a large Durham public school . They relocated to Orange , California to study film at Chapman University 's Dodge College of Film and Media Arts.
title: The Lake House (film)
text: The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama directed by Alejandro Agresti and starring Keanu Reeves , Sandra Bullock and Christopher Plummer . It was written by David Auburn . The film is a remake of the South Korean motion picture Il Mare ( 2000 ) . The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006 . The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time ; they carry on correspondence over two years , remaining separated by their original difference of two years .

Question: what is the plot of the lake house

answer: The Lake House is a 2006 American romantic drama. The story centers on an architect living in 2004 and a doctor living in 2006. The two meet via letters left in a mailbox at the lake house they have both lived in at separate points in time; they carry on correspondence over two years, remaining separated by their original difference of two years.
title: How the Grinch Stole Christmas!
text: The Grinch is a bitter , grouchy , cave - dwelling creature with a heart `` two sizes too small '' who lives on snowy Mount Crumpit , a steep high mountain just north of the town of Whoville , home of the merry and warm - hearted Whos . His only companion is his unloved , but loyal dog , Max . From his cave , the Grinch can hear the noisy Christmas festivities that take place in Whoville . Annoyed , he decides to stop Christmas from coming by stealing their presents , trees , and food for their Christmas feast . He crudely disguises himself as Santa Claus , and forces Max , disguised as a reindeer , to drag a sleigh to Whoville . Once there , the Grinch slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire . He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl , but concocts a crafty lie to effect his escape from her home .

Question: main characters in the grinch who stole christmas

answer: The Grinch and Max slides down the chimney and steals all of the Whos ' Christmas presents , the Christmas tree , and the log for their fire . He is briefly interrupted in his burglary by Cindy Lou , a little Who girl
answer: The Grinch, his dog Max and the little girl Cindy Lou.
title: Statue of Liberty
text: According to the National Park Service , the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society and a prominent and important political thinker of his time . The project is traced to a mid-1865 conversation between de Laboulaye , a staunch abolitionist and Frédéric Bartholdi , a sculptor . In after - dinner conversation at his home near Versailles , Laboulaye , an ardent supporter of the Union in the American Civil War , is supposed to have said : `` If a monument should rise in the United States , as a memorial to their independence , I should think it only natural if it were built by united effort -- a common work of both our nations . '' The National Park Service , in a 2000 report , however , deemed this a legend traced to an 1885 fundraising pamphlet , and that the statue was most likely conceived in 1870 . In another essay on their website , the Park Service suggested that Laboulaye was minded to honor the Union victory and its consequences , `` With the abolition of slavery and the Union 's victory in the Civil War in 1865 , Laboulaye 's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States . In order to honor these achievements , Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France . Laboulaye hoped that by calling attention to the recent achievements of the United States , the French people would be inspired to call for their own democracy in the face of a repressive monarchy . '' Bartholdi

Question: why did france give the statue of liberty to the usa

answer: According to the National Park Service, the idea for the Statue of Liberty was first proposed by Édouard René de Laboulaye the president of the French Anti-Slavery Society. With the abolition of slavery and the Union's victory in the Civil War in 1865, Laboulaye's wishes of freedom and democracy were turning into a reality in the United States.  In order to honor these achievements, Laboulaye proposed that a gift be built for the United States on behalf of France.
title: Friday Night Lights (TV series)
text: Filming for the show 's pilot began in February 2006 in Austin , Texas . Berg said he required filming the pilot and eventually the show in Texas as `` a deal breaker '' in order to agree to participate weekly in the project . The show features homages to its Texas heritage . In the pilot , Berg featured Texas Longhorns football coach Mack Brown as a Dillon booster and had a caller to the fictional Panther Radio compare Panthers ' coach Eric Taylor to Brown . The pilot referred to much of the surrounding area in its scenes . Football scenes were filmed at Pflugerville High School 's Kuempel Stadium and at the RRISD Complex . The Dillon Panther football team and coaches ' uniforms were based on the uniforms of the Pflugerville Panthers . Some of the scenes were filmed at Texas School for the Deaf .

Question: where was friday night lights tv show filmed

answer: Football scenes were filmed in Texas at the Pflugerville High School Kuempel Stadium, at the RRISD Complex, as well as at the Texas School for the Deaf.
answer: Filming for Friday Night Lights began in Austin, Texas. Football scenes were filmed at the Pflugerville High School's Kuempel Stadium at the RRISD Complex, as well as at the Texas School for the Deaf.
title: Cousin marriage
text: These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . Though contemporaneous , the eugenics movement did not play much of a direct role in the bans . George Louis Arner in 1908 considered the ban a clumsy and ineffective method of eugenics , which he thought would eventually be replaced by more refined techniques . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled . Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985 , Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise risk to any of serious health defect to their children . The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws unanimously recommended in 1970 that all such laws should be repealed , but no state has dropped its prohibition .

Question: when did it become illegal to marry first cousins

answer: These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage and since 1985.
answer: These developments led to 13 states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions by the 1880s . By the 1920s , the number of bans had doubled .  Since that time , Kentucky ( 1943 ) and Texas have banned first - cousin marriage.
title: The One with the Embryos
text: The trivia game begins , with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey 's space - cowboy imaginary friend ( Maurice ) and Rachel 's actual favorite movie ( Weekend at Bernie 's ) . A nine - to - nine score leads to a lightning round . Monica raises the stakes : If the women win , Joey and Chandler must give up their birds , as the maturing Chick is crowing in the mornings and waking them up . Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them , which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel . The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler 's job , and the boys win .

Question: what episode of friends do rachel and monica lose their apartment

answer: The trivia game begins. Monica raises the stakes: If the women win, Joey and Chandler must give up their birds. Chandler rebuts by suggesting Rachel and Monica give up their apartment to them, which Monica agrees to without consulting Rachel. The girls lose the lightning round because they can not identify Chandler's job, and the boys win.
answer: In the episode The One with the Embryos, in the trivia game, Chandler suggested that Rachel and Monica give up their apartment and Monica agreed without consulting Rachel. The girls lost and the boys won.
title: Great Pacific garbage patch
text: There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics . In a study published in 2014 , researchers sampled 1571 locations throughout the worlds oceans , and determined that discarded fishing gear such as buoys , lines , and nets accounted for more than 60 % of the mass of plastic marine debris . According to a 2011 EPA report , `` The primary source of marine debris is the improper waste disposal or management of trash and manufacturing products , including plastics ( e.g. , littering , illegal dumping ) ... Debris is generated on land at marinas , ports , rivers , harbors , docks , and storm drains . Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels , stationary platforms , and cargo ships . '' Pollutants range in size from abandoned fishing nets to micro-pellets used in cosmetics and abrasive cleaners . Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years , and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less .

Question: where does all the trash in the pacific ocean come from

answer: There is no strong scientific data concerning the origins of pelagic plastics. Debris is generated at sea from fishing vessels, stationary platforms and cargo ships.  Currents carry debris from the west coast of North America to the gyre in about six years and debris from the east coast of Asia in a year or less.
title: McCulloch v. Maryland
text: McCulloch v. Maryland , 17 U.S. ( 4 Wheat . ) 316 ( 1819 ) , was a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States . The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland . Though the law , by its language , was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .

Question: how did mcculloch v maryland expand the power of the federal government in relation to the states

answer: The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .
answer: The state of Maryland had attempted to impede operation of a branch of the Second Bank of the United States by imposing a tax on all notes of banks not chartered in Maryland. Though the law was generally applicable to all banks not chartered in Maryland , the Second Bank of the United States was the only out - of - state bank then existing in Maryland , and the law was recognized in the court 's opinion as having specifically targeted the Bank of the United States . The Court invoked the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution , which allowed the Federal government to pass laws not expressly provided for in the Constitution 's list of express powers , provided those laws are in useful furtherance of the express powers of Congress under the Constitution .
title: North Africa
text: North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent . The term `` North Africa '' has no single accepted definition . It is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east . Others have limited it to the countries of Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , a region known by the French during colonial times as `` Afrique du Nord '' and by the Arabs as the Maghreb ( `` West '' ) . The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt . It is important to note that the term `` North Africa '' , particularly when used in North Africa and the Middle East , often refers only to the countries of the Maghreb and Libya . Egypt , due to its greater Middle Eastern associations , is often considered separately .

Question: where is north africa and what countries does it include

answer: North Africa is a collective term for a group of Mediterranean countries situated in the northern-most region of the African continent.  The most commonly accepted definition includes Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, as well as Libya and Egypt. Egypt, due to its greater Middle Eastern associations, is often considered separately.
answer: North Africa is situated in the northern-most region of the African continent, stretching from the Atlantic shores of Morocco in the west , to the Suez Canal and the Red Sea in the east. It includes Morocco , Algeria , and Tunisia , as well as Libya and Egypt .
title: Dow Jones Industrial Average
text: The Dow Jones Industrial Average / ˌdaʊ ˈdʒoʊnz / , also called DJIA , the Industrial Average , the Dow Jones , the Dow Jones Industrial , ^ DJI , the Dow 30 or simply the Dow , is a stock market index , and one of several indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company co-founder Charles Dow . The industrial average was first calculated on May 26 , 1896 . Currently owned by S&P Dow Jones Indices , which is majority owned by S&P Global , it is the most notable of the Dow Averages , of which the first ( non-industrial ) was originally published on February 16 , 1885 . The averages are named after Dow and one of his business associates , statistician Edward Jones . It is an index that shows how 30 large publicly owned companies based in the United States have traded during a standard trading session in the stock market . It is the second - oldest U.S. market index after the Dow Jones Transportation Average , which was also created by Dow .

Question: where does the name dow jones come from

answer: The Dow Jones Industrial Average are named after co-founder Charles Dow and one of his business associates, statistician Edward Jones.
title: Doldrums
text: The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm . The doldrums are also noted for calm periods when the winds disappear altogether , trapping sailing ships for periods of days or weeks . The term appears to have arisen in the eighteenth century , when trans - equator sailing voyages became more common . Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone . They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south .

Question: which region of the earth's surface is called doldrums

answer: The doldrums is a colloquial expression derived from historical maritime usage , which refers to those parts of the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean affected by a low - pressure area around the equator where the prevailing winds are calm .Since this zone is where two trade winds meet , it is also called the Intertropical Convergence Zone .
 They roughly lie between latitudes 5 ° north and south .
title: Royal Rumble (2008)
text: The main event was the Royal Rumble match . The first two superstars who began the match were Shawn Michaels and The Undertaker ( who were the final two superstars in the previous year 's Royal Rumble ) where they remained in the match for a little over 30 minutes . During the match Michaels eliminated Shelton Benjamin for the third consecutive royal rumble match . The ninth entrant , Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match , and eliminate another superstar . He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match . He would however assist in eliminating The Miz , but later on , after attempting to interfere again , Mark Henry and Big Daddy V grabbed Hornswoggle . As they prepared to throw him over the top rope , Finlay illegally entered the match , as he was not due to enter the match yet , and hit Henry and Big Daddy V with a shillelagh . He then left alongside Hornswoggle and it was later announced that Finlay was disqualified for using the shillelagh , and Hornswoggle was eliminated ( leaving the match with Finlay ) . The twenty sixth entry , Chavo Guerrero , was the first world champion wrestler to compete in the Royal Rumble match since 1990 , when Hulk Hogan won the match . Triple H , the twenty ninth entrant , dominated as he entered the match , eliminating Big Daddy V , Batista , Mick Foley , and Kane . This was Kane 's tenth consecutive Royal Rumble match , which is a record . The turn of the Royal Rumble match came when John Cena , who was originally scheduled to be sidelined with a torn pectoral muscle until later in the year , entered the match as the thirtieth entrant making his `` triumphant return '' . He set a record for the shortest time that the eventual winner spent in the rumble match . He spent 8 : 28 in the ring , passing Brock Lesnar 's record of 8 : 59 . He ended up squaring off with Triple H , as the final two men left in the match . Triple H would attempt to Pedigree Cena , but Cena would counter it into the FU that saw him throw Triple H over the top rope , thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV .

Question: who hid under the ring and won the royal rumble

answer: Hornswoggle was the smallest wrestler to ever compete in the rumble match and eliminate another superstar. He remained hidden under the ring throughout the match. The final two men in the match are Triple H and Cena. Cena throws Triple H over the top rope, thus winning the Royal Rumble match and a World Championship match at WrestleMania XXIV.
title: Qing dynasty
text: The dynasty was founded by the Jurchen Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria . In the late 16th century , Nurhaci , originally a Ming vassal , began organising `` Banners '' , military - social units that included Jurchen , Han Chinese and Mongol elements . Nurhaci formed the Jurchen clans into a unified entity , which he renamed as the Manchus . By 1636 , his son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of Liaodong and declared a new dynasty , the Qing . In 1644 , peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the Ming capital , Beijing . Rather than serve them , Ming general Wu Sangui made an alliance with the Manchus and opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon , who defeated the rebels and seized the capital . Resistance from the Southern Ming and the Revolt of the Three Feudatories led by Wu Sangui extended the conquest of China proper for nearly four decades and was not completed until 1683 under the Kangxi Emperor ( r . 1661 -- 1722 ) . The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia . The early rulers maintained their Manchu ways , and while their title was Emperor , they used Bogd khaan to the Mongols , and they were patrons of Tibetan Buddhism . They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus . They also adapted the ideals of the tributary system in dealing with neighboring territories .

Question: what was the role of confucianism in the qing dynasty

answer: The Ten Great Campaigns of the Qianlong Emperor from the 1750s to the 1790s extended Qing control into Inner Asia. They governed using Confucian styles and institutions of bureaucratic government and retained the imperial examinations to recruit Han Chinese to work under or in parallel with Manchus.
title: Big Five personality traits
text: The Big Five personality traits , also known as the five factor model ( FFM ) , is a taxonomy for personality traits . It is based on common language descriptors . When factor analysis ( a statistical technique ) is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person . For example , someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as `` always prepared '' rather than `` messy '' . This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments . This theory uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche . The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism , often represented by the acronyms OCEAN or CANOE . Beneath each proposed global factor , there are a number of correlated and more specific primary factors . For example , extraversion is said to include such related qualities as gregariousness , assertiveness , excitement seeking , warmth , activity , and positive emotions .

Question: how did personality researchers use factor analysis in deriving the big five

answer: The Big Five personality traits is a taxonomy for personality traits. When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data, some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. For example, someone described as conscientious is more likely to be described as ``always prepared'' rather than ``messy''. This theory is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments.
answer: When factor analysis is applied to personality survey data , some words used to describe aspects of personality are often applied to the same person. The Big Five personality traits is based therefore on the association between words but not on neuropsychological experiments. It uses descriptors of common language and therefore suggests five broad dimensions commonly used to describe the human personality and psyche. The five factors have been defined as openness to experience , conscientiousness , extraversion , agreeableness , and neuroticism.
title: Flag of Canada
text: The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century . It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec . In 1867 , Alexander Muir composed the patriotic song `` The Maple Leaf Forever '' , which became an unofficial anthem in English - speaking Canada . The maple leaf was later added to the Canadian coat of arms in 1921 . From 1876 until 1901 , the leaf appeared on all Canadian coins and remained on the penny after 1901 . The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860 . During the First World War and Second World War , badges of the Canadian Forces were often based on a maple leaf design . The maple leaf would eventually adorn the tombstones of Canadian military graves .

Question: why is a maple leaf on the canadian flag

answer: The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century. The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860.
answer: The maple leaf has been used as a Canadian emblem since the 18th century. The use of the maple leaf by the Royal Canadian Regiment as a regimental symbol extended back to 1860.
It was first used as a national symbol in 1868 when it appeared on the coat of arms of both Ontario and Quebec .
title: Victorian morality
text: Religious morality changed drastically during the Victorian Era . When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords . The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities . In the cities those against the Church were many and dissent was rampant . However , dissent has been running its pressure since the onset of Puritanism in politics even before the Oliver Cromwell days . The dissenting sects were against what the Anglican church was using its power for . The Church demanded obedience to God , submissiveness and resignation with the goal of making people more malleable to the will of the Church . The Church was accused of appeasing the will of the elite , and of caring little if at all about the needs and wants of the lower , peasant class , from which dissent emerged Methodism , Congregationalism , The Society of Friends ( Quakers ) and Presbyterianism . The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul . This stress on individualism is seen throughout the Victorian Era and becomes even more developed in middle class life .

Question: what was the most prominent religion in the victorian era

answer: When Victoria took the throne the Anglican Church was very powerful -- running schools and universities , and with high ranking churchmen holding offices in the House of Lords . The Church 's power continued to rule in rural areas throughout the Victorian Era ; however that was not the case in industrialised cities .The Methodists and Presbyterians in particular stressed personal salvation through direct individual faith in Jesus Christ 's sacrificial death and resurrection on the behalf of sinners , citing the New Testament Gospels and the writings of the Apostles Peter , James and Paul .
title: Christian cross
text: The cross-shaped sign , represented in its simplest form by a crossing of two lines at right angles , greatly predates the introduction of Christianity , in both East and West . It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization . It is supposed to have been used not just for its ornamental value , but also with religious significance . It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation . It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization .

Question: where did the symbol of the cross originated

answer: It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization.  It may have represented the apparatus used in kindling fire, and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun.  It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest, or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization.
answer: The cross symbol may be refering to the apparatus used in kindling fire , and thus as the symbol of sacred fire or as a symbol of the sun , denoting its daily rotation. It has also been interpreted as the mystic representation of lightning or of the god of the tempest , or the emblem of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization .
title: Prince Hamlet
text: Prince Hamlet is the title character and protagonist of William Shakespeare 's tragedy Hamlet . He is the Prince of Denmark , nephew to the usurping Claudius , and son of King Hamlet , the previous King of Denmark . At the beginning of the play , he struggles with whether , and how , to avenge the murder of his father , and struggles with his own sanity along the way . By the end of the tragedy , Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius , Laertes , Claudius , and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern . He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia ( drowning ) and of his mother Gertrude ( poisoned by Claudius by mistake ) .

Question: character sketch of hamlet in the play hamlet

answer: Prince Hamlet is the title character. At the beginning of the play, he struggles with whether, and how, to avenge the murder of his father, and struggles with his own sanity along the way. By the end of the tragedy, Hamlet has caused the deaths of Polonius, Laertes, Claudius, and two acquaintances of his from the University of Wittenberg Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. He is also indirectly involved in the deaths of his love Ophelia and of his mother Gertrude.
title: Widow's peak
text: The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow 's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood . The use of peak in relation to hair dates from 1833 . The expression widow 's peak dates from 1849 . The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress , particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front -- a biquoquet -- which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530 . Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century . A mourning cap or ' Mary Stuart Cap ' is a cap which features a very distinctive triangular fold of cloth in the middle of the forehead , creating an artificial widow 's peak . The use of peak referring to a point in the cloth covering the forehead dates to at least 1509 when it appears in Alexander Barclay 's The Shyp of Folys :

Question: where did the term widow's peak originate

answer: The expression widow's peak dates from 1849.  The term stems from the belief that hair growing to a point on the forehead -- suggestive of the peak of a widow's hood -- is an omen of early widowhood.   The use of peak may refer to the beak or bill of a headdress, particularly the distinctive hood with a pointed piece in front which widows wore as a hood of mourning dating from 1530.  Another explanation for the origin of the phrase suggests that it may be related to the mourning caps worn as early as the 16th century.
title: Niche differentiation
text: When species use different resources , this can help them to coexist . For example , some lizard species appear to coexist because they consume insects of differing sizes . Alternatively , species can coexist on the same resources if each species is limited by different resources , or differently able to capture resources . For example , different types of phytoplankton can coexist when different species are differently limited by nitrogen , phosphorus , silicon , and light . In the Galapagos Islands , finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds , and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds . If a species ' density declines , then the food it most depends on will become more abundant ( since there are so few individuals to consume it ) . As a result , the remaining individuals will experience less competition for food .

Question: how can two or more species of finch co-exist without much competition in the same habitat

answer: When species use different resources, this can help them to coexist. For example, in the Galapagos Islands, finches with small beaks are more able to consume small seeds, and finches with large beaks are more able to consume large seeds.
title: God of War (2018 video game)
text: God of War is a third - person action - adventure game developed by Santa Monica Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment ( SIE ) . Released on April 20 , 2018 , for the PlayStation 4 ( PS4 ) console , it is the eighth installment in the God of War series , the eighth chronologically , and the sequel to 2010 's God of War III . Unlike previous games , which were loosely based on Greek mythology , this game is loosely based on Norse mythology . The main protagonists are Kratos , the former Greek God of War , and his young son Atreus . Following the death of Kratos ' second wife and Atreus ' mother , they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms . Kratos keeps his troubled past a secret from Atreus , who is unaware of his divine nature . Along their journey , they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world .

Question: what is the story of new god of war

answer: God of War is a third person action - adventure game loosely based on Norse mythology. The main protagonists are Kratos and his young son Atreus. Following the death of Kratos' second wife and Atreus' mother, they journey to fulfill her promise and spread her ashes at the highest peak of the nine realms. Along their journey, they encounter monsters and gods of the Norse world.
title: MetLife Stadium
text: As Giants Stadium approached 30 years of age , it was becoming one of the older stadiums in the NFL . The Jets , who had been the lesser tenants at the stadium ( which was called simply `` The Meadowlands '' for Jets games ) , sought to have their own stadium built in Manhattan proper , the proposed West Side Stadium . Originally intended to be the 85,000 - seat main stadium for New York 's bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics , it was designed to be downsized to 75,000 seats for the Jets . However , the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding , which collapsed in 2005 . The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners .

Question: why do jets and giants share a stadium

answer: The Jets sought to have their own stadium built, the proposed West Side Stadium. However, the West Side Stadium would have required significant public funding, which collapsed in 2005. The Jets then entered into a joint venture with the Giants to build a new stadium in which the two teams would be equal partners.
title: Rapid eye movement sleep
text: Although it manifests differently in different animals , REM sleep or something like it occurs in all land mammals as well as in birds . The primary criteria used to identify REM are the change in electrical activity , measured by EEG , and loss of muscle tone , interspersed with bouts of twitching in phasic REM . The amount of REM sleep and cycling varies among animals ; predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey . Larger animals also tend to stay in REM for longer , possibly because higher thermal inertia of their brains and bodies allows them to tolerate longer suspension of thermoregulation . The period ( full cycle of REM and non-REM ) lasts for about 90 minutes in humans , 22 minutes in cats , and 12 minutes in rats . In utero , mammals spend more than half ( 50 -- 80 % ) of a 24 - hour day in REM sleep .

Question: which group experiences the highest level of rem sleep

answer: Predators enjoy more REM sleep than prey and larger animals tend to stay in REM for longer. In utero, mammals spend more than half (50-80 %) of a 24-hour day in REM sleep.
title: Masters Tournament
text: After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds . To `` make the cut '' , players must be either in the top 50 places ( ties counting ) , or within 10 strokes of the leader 's score . These criteria have applied since 2013 . From 1957 to 1960 , the top 40 scores ( including ties ) and those within 10 strokes of the leader made the cut . From 1961 to 2012 , it was the top 44 ( and ties ) or within 10 strokes of the lead . Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired .

Question: is there a cut after the first round at the masters

answer: After 36 holes of play , a cut - off score is calculated to reduce the size of the field for the weekend rounds since 2013. Before 1957 , there was no 36 - hole cut and all of the invitees played four rounds , if desired .
answer: Since 2013 a cut off score is calculated after 36 holes of play.