deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Euthanasia
text: Voluntary , non-voluntary and involuntary types can be further divided into passive or active variants . Passive euthanasia entails the withholding treatment necessary for the continuance of life . Active euthanasia entails the use of lethal substances or forces ( such as administering a lethal injection ) , and is the more controversial . While some authors consider these terms to be misleading and unhelpful , they are nonetheless commonly used . In some cases , such as the administration of increasingly necessary , but toxic doses of painkillers , there is a debate whether or not to regard the practice as active or passive .

Question: what are the two commonly recognized forms of passive euthanasia

answer: Passive euthanasia entails the withholding treatment necessary for the continuance of life. In some cases, such as the administration of increasingly necessary, but toxic doses of painkillers, there is a debate whether or not to regard the practice as active or passive.
title: Philippines
text: The Philippines ( / ˈfɪlɪpiːnz / ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas ( ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ) or Filipinas ( ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ) ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are categorized broadly under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas , and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south .

Question: where is the philippines located on the world map

answer: Situated in the western Pacific Ocean, the Philippines consists of about 7,641 islands bounded by the South China Sea on the west, the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest.  The Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam to the west, Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south.
answer: Philippines is a unitary sovereign state and island country in Southeast Asia, and it is situated in the western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south .
title: British North America Acts
text: The British North America Acts 1867 -- 1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada . They were enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom and the Parliament of Canada . In Canada , some of the Acts were amended or repealed by the Constitution Act , 1982 . The rest were renamed in Canada as the Constitution Acts . In the United Kingdom , those Acts that were passed by the British Parliament remain under their original names . The term `` British North America '' ( BNA ) refers to the British colonies in North America .

Question: why is the bna act important in canadian history

answer: It is because the British North America Acts 1867 -- 1975 are the original names of a series of Acts at the core of the constitution of Canada, and the term `` British North America '' refers to the British colonies in North America.
title: Conscription in the United States
text: Conscription in the United States , commonly known as the draft , has been employed by the federal government of the United States in five conflicts : the American Revolution , the American Civil War , World War I , World War II , and the Cold War ( including both the Korean War and the Vietnam War ) . The third incarnation of the draft came into being in 1940 through the Selective Training and Service Act . It was the country 's first peacetime draft . From 1940 until 1973 , during both peacetime and periods of conflict , men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United States Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means . The draft came to an end when the United States Armed Forces moved to an all - volunteer military force . However , the Selective Service System remains in place as a contingency plan ; all male civilians between the ages of 18 and 25 are required to register so that a draft can be readily resumed if needed . United States Federal Law also provides for the compulsory conscription of men between the ages of 17 and 45 and certain women for militia service pursuant to Article I , Section 8 of the United States Constitution and 10 U.S. Code § 246 .

Question: when did the us have a military draft

answer: Conscription in the United States, commonly known as the draft, has been employed by the federal government of the United States in five conflicts: the American Revolution, the American Civil War, World War I, World War II and the Cold War (including both the Korean War and the Vietnam War). From 1940 until 1973, during both peacetime and periods of conflict, men were drafted to fill vacancies in the United States Armed Forces that could not be filled through voluntary means.
title: Curious George
text: Aside from George himself , the only recurring character in the original adventures is the unnamed Man with the Yellow Hat . It was he who lured George into a trap with his hat , captured him in a bag , and forcibly brought him from Africa , and in his house that George lives . The Man often facilitates George 's adventures by taking him somewhere , and even more often resolves the tension by intervening just in time to get George out of a tight spot . He is always seen wearing a bright yellow suit and a wide brimmed yellow hat . The Man is never mentioned by name in the original adventures or in any subsequent content over more than six decades .

Question: who is the man with the yellow hat

answer: It was he who lured George into a trap with his hat, captured him in a bag, and forcibly brought him from Africa, and in his house that George lives. The Man is never mentioned by name.
answer: He was the one who lured George into a trap with his hat, captured him in a bag, and forcibly brought him from Africa, and in his house that George lives. The Man often facilitates George 's adventures, and resolves the tension by intervening just in time to get George out of a tight spot. He is never mentioned by name.
title: Cnidaria
text: Cnidaria ( / naɪˈdɛəriə / ) is a phylum containing over 10,000 species of animals found exclusively in aquatic ( freshwater and marine ) environments : they are predominantly marine species . Their distinguishing feature is cnidocytes , specialized cells that they use mainly for capturing prey . Their bodies consist of mesoglea , a non-living jelly - like substance , sandwiched between two layers of epithelium that are mostly one cell thick . They have two basic body forms : swimming medusae and sessile polyps , both of which are radially symmetrical with mouths surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes . Both forms have a single orifice and body cavity that are used for digestion and respiration . Many cnidarian species produce colonies that are single organisms composed of medusa - like or polyp - like zooids , or both ( hence they are trimorphic ) . Cnidarians ' activities are coordinated by a decentralized nerve net and simple receptors . Several free - swimming species of Cubozoa and Scyphozoa possess balance - sensing statocysts , and some have simple eyes . Not all cnidarians reproduce sexually , with many species having complex life cycles of asexual polyp stages and sexual medusae . Some , however , omit either the polyp or the medusa stage .

Question: where is the mouth of a cnidarian located

answer: The mouths are surrounded by tentacles that bear cnidocytes.
title: Nosebleed
text: The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior ( front ) part of the nose from the nasal septum . This area is richly endowed with blood vessels ( Kiesselbach 's plexus ) . This region is also known as Little 's area . Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff 's plexus , a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus . Posterior bleeds are often prolonged and difficult to control . They can be associated with bleeding from both nostrils and with a greater flow of blood into the mouth .

Question: where does the blood come from during a nosebleed

answer: The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior (front) part of the nose from the nasal septum. Bleeding farther back in the nose is known as a posterior bleed and is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff's plexus, a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus.
title: Coureur des bois
text: A coureur des bois ( French pronunciation : ​ ( kuʁœʁ de bwa ) ) or coureur de bois ( French pronunciation : ​ ( kuʁœʁ də bwa ) , runner of the woods ; plural : coureurs de bois ) was an independent entrepreneurial French - Canadian trader who traveled in New France and the interior of North America . They ventured into unsettled areas ( the woods ) usually to trade with First Nations peoples : exchanging various European items for furs . Along the way they learned the trades and practices of the Native people . These expeditions were part of the beginning of the fur trade in the North American interior . Initially they traded for coat beaver but , as the market grew , coureurs de bois were trapping and trading prime beavers whose skins were to be felted in Europe .

Question: who were the coureurs de bois and how did they contribute to the economic success of new france

answer: A coureur des bois or coureur de bois, runner of the woods ; was an independent entrepreneurial French - Canadian trader who traveled in New France and the interior of North America. They ventured into unsettled areas (the woods) usually to trade with First Nations peoples: exchanging various European items for furs. These expeditions were part of the beginning of the fur trade in the North American interior.
title: Red-eye effect
text: In flash photography the light of the flash occurs too fast for the pupil to close , so much of the very bright light from the flash passes into the eye through the pupil , reflects off the fundus at the back of the eyeball and out through the pupil . The camera records this reflected light . The main cause of the red color is the ample amount of blood in the choroid which nourishes the back of the eye and is located behind the retina . The blood in the retinal circulation is far less than in the choroid , and plays virtually no role . The eye contains several photostable pigments that all absorb in the short wavelength region , and hence contribute somewhat to the red eye effect . The lens cuts off deep blue and violet light , below 430 nm ( depending on age ) , and macular pigment absorbs between 400 and 500 nm , but this pigment is located exclusively in the tiny fovea . Melanin , located in the retinal pigment epithelium ( RPE ) and the choroid , shows a gradually increasing absorption towards the short wavelengths . But blood is the main determinant of the red color , because it is completely transparent at long wavelengths and abruptly starts absorbing at 600 nm . The amount of red light emerging from the pupil depends on the amount of melanin in the layers behind the retina . This amount varies strongly between individuals . Light skinned people with blue eyes have relatively low melanin in the fundus and thus show a much stronger red - eye effect than dark skinned people with brown eyes . The same holds for animals . The color of the iris itself is of virtually no importance for the red - eye effect . This is obvious because the red - eye effect is most apparent when photographing dark adapted subjects , hence with fully dilated pupils . Photographs taken with infrared light through night vision devices always show very bright pupils because , in the dark , the pupils are fully dilated and the infrared light is not absorbed by any ocular pigment .

Question: why do your eyes get red in pictures

answer: In flash photography the light of the flash occurs too fast for the pupil to close, so much of the very bright light from the flash passes into the eye through the pupil, reflects off the fundus at the back of the eyeball and out through the pupil.  The camera records this reflected light. The main cause of the red color is the ample amount of blood in the choroid which nourishes the back of the eye and is located behind the retina.   The eye contains several photostable pigments that all absorb in the short wavelength region, and hence contribute somewhat to the red eye effect. The amount of red light emerging from the pupil depends on the amount of melanin in the layers behind the retina.   Light skinned people with blue eyes have relatively low melanin in the fundus and thus show a much stronger red - eye effect than dark skinned people with brown eyes.
title: Love Actually
text: Writer Jamie ( Colin Firth ) is pushed to Juliet and Peter 's wedding by his girlfriend ( Sienna Guillory ) as she feigns illness . He returns between the ceremony and the reception to check on her , and discovers that she is having an affair with his brother . Crushed , Jamie withdraws to his French cottage where he meets Portuguese housekeeper Aurélia ( Lúcia Moniz ) , who does not speak English . Despite their inability to communicate , they become attracted to each other . When Jamie returns to England , he realises he is in love with Aurélia and begins learning Portuguese . He returns to France to find her and ends up walking through town , gathering people as they walk to her job at a restaurant . In his broken Portuguese he declares his love for her and proposes . She says yes in broken English as the crowd erupts in applause .

Question: who played colin firth's wife in love actually

answer: Jamie (Colin Firth)withdraws to his French cottage where he meets Portuguese housekeeper Aurélia (Lúcia Moniz). When Jamie returns to England, he realises he is in love with Aurélia and begins learning Portuguese. He returns to France and in his broken Portuguese he declares his love for her and proposes. She says yes.
answer: Jamie, played by Colin Firth, withdraws to his French cottage where he meets Portuguese housekeeper Aurélia. When Jamie returns to England, he realises he is in love with Aurélia and begins learning Portuguese. He returns to France and in his broken Portuguese he declares his love for her and proposes. She says yes.
title: Diamond
text: Nitrogen is by far the most common impurity found in gem diamonds and is responsible for the yellow and brown color in diamonds . Boron is responsible for the blue color . Color in diamond has two additional sources : irradiation ( usually by alpha particles ) , that causes the color in green diamonds , and plastic deformation of the diamond crystal lattice . Plastic deformation is the cause of color in some brown and perhaps pink and red diamonds . In order of increasing rarity , yellow diamond is followed by brown , colorless , then by blue , green , black , pink , orange , purple , and red . `` Black '' , or Carbonado , diamonds are not truly black , but rather contain numerous dark inclusions that give the gems their dark appearance . Colored diamonds contain impurities or structural defects that cause the coloration , while pure or nearly pure diamonds are transparent and colorless . Most diamond impurities replace a carbon atom in the crystal lattice , known as a carbon flaw . The most common impurity , nitrogen , causes a slight to intense yellow coloration depending upon the type and concentration of nitrogen present . The Gemological Institute of America ( GIA ) classifies low saturation yellow and brown diamonds as diamonds in the normal color range , and applies a grading scale from `` D '' ( colorless ) to `` Z '' ( light yellow ) . Diamonds of a different color , such as blue , are called fancy colored diamonds and fall under a different grading scale .

Question: where do all the colored diamonds come from

answer: Colored diamonds contain impurities or structural defects that cause the coloration , while pure or nearly pure diamonds are transparent and colorless. The most common impurity , nitrogen , causes a slight to intense yellow coloration. Boron is responsible for the blue color and irradiation causes the color in green diamonds. Plastic deformation is the cause of color in some brown and perhaps pink and red diamonds.
answer: Colored diamonds contain impurities or structural defects that cause the coloration. The most common impurity , nitrogen , causes a slight to intense yellow coloration. Boron is responsible for the blue color and irradiation causes the color in green diamonds. Plastic deformation is the cause of color in some brown and perhaps pink and red diamonds.
title: Trump Tower
text: At around 5 : 30 p.m. ( EDT ) on April 7 , 2018 , a 4 - alarm fire broke out in a condominium in the tower 's 50th floor , killing a resident and injuring six firefighters ; the apartment was almost entirely engulfed in flames by the time the New York City Fire Department ( FDNY ) arrived . In a Twitter post , Trump attributed the fire 's limited damage to the building 's design . The sole fatality was 67 - year - old Todd Brassner , an art dealer known for his association with Andy Warhol , who had endured debilitating medical problems for several years . Brassner 's apartment , as well as the rest of the residential units in Trump Tower , did not contain sprinklers because the structure had been built before 1999 , when the city passed a law requiring sprinklers in residential units ; Trump had lobbied against the proposal . The FDNY later announced that the fire had been accidentally caused by power wires that had overheated . The April 2018 fire followed a minor electrical fire at the tower earlier that year , which had injured three people .

Question: who lives on the 50th floor of trump tower new york

answer: At around 5 : 30 p.m. ( EDT ) on April 7 , 2018 , a 4 - alarm fire broke out in a condominium in the tower 's 50th floor , killing a resident, Todd Brassner,  and injuring six firefighters.
answer: The 67-year-old Todd Brassner, an art dealer, lived in his apartment on the 50th floor of the tower.
title: Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (car)
text: For the 1968 film , six cars were created , including a fully functional road - going car with UK registration GEN 11 . This car was designed by the film 's production designer , Ken Adam , and cartoonist and sculptor Frederick Rowland Emett , built by Alan Mann Racing in Hertfordshire in 1967 , fitted with a Ford 3000 V6 engine and automatic transmission and allocated a genuine UK registration . This car was privately owned by Pierre Picton of Stratford - upon - Avon from the early 1970s until May 2011 . Actor Dick van Dyke , who drove the car in the film , said that `` the car was a little difficult to maneuver , with the turning radius of a battleship '' . Public appearances of the car in 2010 are listed on the GEN 11 official website , with a note that there will be no more as the car was sent to Los Angeles , USA , to be auctioned on 22 May 2011 . The auction price was expected to reach US $ 1 -- 2m , but capped at $805,000 ( £ 495,415 ) with the winning bidder New Zealand film director Sir Peter Jackson , who according to his spokesperson said he would use it as a charity fund - raising vehicle . It is registered in New Zealand as GEN 1I , as the registration GEN 11 had already been issued .

Question: what happened to the car in chitty chitty bang bang

answer: The car was privately owned by Pierre Picton of Stratford - upon - Avon from the early 1970s until May 2011. The car was sent to Los Angeles, USA, to be auctioned on 22 May 2011. The winning bidder was New Zealand film director Sir Peter Jackson , who according to his spokesperson said he would use it as a charity fund - raising vehicle.
title: Sunderland A.F.C.
text: Sunderland Association Football Club ( / ˈsʌndərlənd / ( listen ) , locally / ˈsʊndlən / ) is an English professional football club based in the city of Sunderland , Tyne and Wear . Sunderland currently plays in League One , the third tier of English football . Since its formation in 1879 , the club has won six top - flight ( First Division , now the Premier League ) titles ( 1892 , 1893 , 1895 , 1902 , 1913 and 1936 ) , a total only bettered by five other clubs , and has finished runners - up five times . The club has also won the FA Cup twice ( 1937 and 1973 ) and been runners - up twice ( 1913 and 1992 ) , as well as winning the FA Community Shield in 1936 and being finalists the following year . Sunderland have also been Football League Cup finalists in 1985 and 2014 .

Question: when did sunderland last win the fa cup

answer: Sunderland Association Football Club has won the FA Cup twice, and the last one was 1973.
answer: Sunderland Association Football Club last won the FA Cup in 1973.
title: House of Carrillo
text: Carrillo is a Spanish surname , and reference to the family dates back to the Kingdom of Castile in the thirteenth century . According to a family origin legend , two brothers sharing royal bloodline accidentally killed a favorite courtier of the King of Italy , which forced them to flee into hiding to avoid his rage ( it is said that the brothers dueled with the courtier over the honor of a beautiful Spanish maiden ) . The brothers eventually arrived in Spain after being placed under the protection of Fernán González of Castile . ( their country of origin is unknown ) . There they were so loyal to each other , they never left each other 's side , and hence were called by the Castilians Carrillo , which is given several false etymologies : `` loyal or devoted '' , implying that the brothers were very close one to another like the `` carillon bells of the church towers '' , or comparing them to `` two wheels on a cart '' . The brothers endeared themselves to the Castilians , and married two daughters of the Count . He gave them the titles of Count of Priego for the elder brother , and Marquis De La Guardia for the younger . All lines of the Carrillo family are said to branch from these two brothers . The name also appears in connection with an ancient Spanish legend concerning the Siete Infantes de Lara ( Seven Princes of Lara ) .

Question: where does the last name carrillo come from

answer: Carrillo is a Spanish surname, and reference to the family dates back to the Kingdom of Castile in the thirteenth century.  There were two brothers who were so loyal to each other and called by the Castilians Carrillo, which is given several false etymologies: `` loyal or devoted '', implying that the brothers were very close one to another like the `` carillon bells of the church towers '', or comparing them to `` two wheels on a cart ''.  They received the titles of Count of Priego for the elder brother, and Marquis De La Guardia for the younger.  All lines of the Carrillo family are said to branch from these two brothers. The name also appears in connection with an ancient Spanish legend concerning the Siete Infantes de Lara.
answer: Carrillo is a Spanish surname, and reference to the family dates back to the Kingdom of Castile in the thirteenth century. There were two brothers who were so loyal to each other and called by the Castilians Carrillo, which is given several false etymologies: `` loyal or devoted '', implying that the brothers were very close one to another like the `` carillon bells of the church towers '', or comparing them to `` two wheels on a cart ''. They received the titles of Count of Priego for the elder brother, and Marquis De La Guardia for the younger. All lines of the Carrillo family are said to branch from these two brothers.
title: Medical glove
text: Medical gloves are disposable gloves used during medical examinations and procedures to help prevent cross-contamination between caregivers and patients . Medical gloves are made of different polymers including latex , nitrile rubber , polyvinyl chloride and neoprene ; they come unpowdered , or powdered with cornstarch to lubricate the gloves , making them easier to put on the hands . Cornstarch replaced tissue - irritating Lycopodium powder and talc , but even cornstarch can impede healing if it gets into tissues ( as during surgery ) . As such , unpowdered gloves are used more often during surgery and other sensitive procedures . Special manufacturing processes are used to compensate for the lack of powder . There are two main types of medical gloves : examination and surgical . Surgical gloves have more precise sizing with a better precision and sensitivity and are made to a higher standard . Examination gloves are available as either sterile or non-sterile , while surgical gloves are generally sterile .

Question: what is the use of sterile gloves in first aid kit

answer: Sterile gloves can be used for medical examinations and are generally used in medical procedures.
answer: Medical gloves (available as sterile or non-sterile) are disposable gloves used during medical examinations and procedures to help prevent cross-contamination between caregivers and patients.
title: Red deer
text: In the Netherlands , a large herd ( ca . 3000 animals counted in late 2012 ) lives in the Oostvaarders Plassen , a nature reserve . Ireland has its own unique subspecies . In the UK , indigenous populations occur in Scotland , the Lake District , and the South West of England ( principally on Exmoor ) . Not all of these are of entirely pure bloodlines , as some of these populations have been supplemented with deliberate releases of deer from parks , such as Warnham or Woburn Abbey , in an attempt to increase antler sizes and body weights . The University of Edinburgh found that , in Scotland , there has been extensive hybridisation with the closely related sika deer . Several other populations have originated either with `` carted '' deer kept for stag hunts being left out at the end of the hunt , escapes from deer farms , or deliberate releases . Carted deer were kept by stag hunts with no wild red deer in the locality and were normally recaptured after the hunt and used again ; although the hunts are called `` stag hunts '' , the Norwich Staghounds only hunted hinds ( female red deer ) , and in 1950 , at least eight hinds ( some of which may have been pregnant ) were known to be at large near Kimberley and West Harling ; they formed the basis of a new population based in Thetford Forest in Norfolk . Further substantial red deer herds originated from escapes or deliberate releases in the New Forest , the Peak District , Suffolk , Lancashire , Brecon Beacons , and North Yorkshire , as well as many other smaller populations scattered throughout England and Wales , and they are all generally increasing in numbers and range . A census of deer populations in 2007 and again in 2011 coordinated by the British Deer Society records the red deer as having continued to expand their range in England and Wales since 2000 , with expansion most notable in the Midlands and East Anglia .

Question: where do red deer live in the uk

answer: In the UK , indigenous populations occur in Scotland , the Lake District , and the South West of England ( principally on Exmoor ) . In addition, other substantial red deer herds originated from escapes or deliberate releases in the New Forest , the Peak District , Suffolk , Lancashire , Brecon Beacons , and North Yorkshire.
answer: In the Netherlands, Red deer lives in the Oostvaarders Plassen , a nature reserve . In the UK , indigenous populations occur in Scotland , the Lake District , and the South West of England ( principally on Exmoor ) .In addition, other substantial red deer herds originated from escapes or deliberate releases in the New Forest , the Peak District , Suffolk , Lancashire , Brecon Beacons , and North Yorkshire.
title: Maritime lien
text: A Shipowner 's Lien is a possessory lien which is the major difference between it and other maritime liens . The right to this lien can be applied only on the goods which are delivering by the shipowner when the shipper is the contractual party . It may entitle the shipowner to retain the cargoes as security for the payment of a debt . The contractual shipowner 's lien is currently found in all contracts for carriage of goods by sea nowadays , and may be claimed if the shippers fail to pay the due on time . However , some authorities state that there is no difference between shipowner 's lien and maritime lien .

Question: distinguish between shipowner’s lien & maritime lien

answer: A Shipowner 's Lien is a possessory lien which is the major difference between it and other maritime liens. It may entitle the shipowner to retain the cargoes as security for the payment of a debt. However , some authorities state that there is no difference between shipowner 's lien and maritime lien.
title: Cluster sampling
text: The main difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that in cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the sampling unit so sampling is done on a population of clusters ( at least in the first stage ) . In stratified sampling , the sampling is done on elements within each strata . In stratified sampling , a random sample is drawn from each of the strata , whereas in cluster sampling only the selected clusters are sampled . A common motivation of cluster sampling is to reduce costs by increasing sampling efficiency . This contrasts with stratified sampling where the motivation is to increase precision .

Question: difference between stratified random sampling and cluster sampling

answer: The main difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that in cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the sampling unit so sampling is done on a population of clusters ( at least in the first stage ) . In stratified sampling , a random sample is drawn from each of the strata , whereas in cluster sampling only the selected clusters are sampled . A common motivation of cluster sampling is to reduce costs by increasing sampling efficiency, but the motivation of stratified sampling is to increase precision.
answer: The main difference between cluster sampling and stratified sampling is that in cluster sampling the cluster is treated as the sampling unit so sampling is done on a population of clusters. In stratified sampling , the sampling is done randomly on elements within each strata, whereas in cluster sampling only the selected clusters are sampled .
A motivation of cluster sampling is to reduce costs by increasing sampling efficiency, while the motivation in stratified sampling is to increase precision.
title: Guinea pig
text: C. porcellus is not found naturally in the wild ; it is likely descended from closely related species of cavies , such as C. aperea , C. fulgida , and C. tschudii , which are still commonly found in various regions of South America . Studies from 2007 -- 2010 applied molecular markers and studied the skull and skeletal morphology of current and mummified animals , thereby revealing the ancestor to most likely be Cavia tschudii . Some species of cavy identified in the 20th century , such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae , may be domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild . Wild cavies are found on grassy plains and occupy an ecological niche similar to that of cattle . They are social , living in the wild in small groups that consist of several females ( sows ) , a male ( boar ) , and the young ( which , in a break with the preceding porcine nomenclature , are called `` pups '' not `` piglets '' ) . They move together in groups ( herds ) eating grass or other vegetation , and do not store food . While they do not burrow themselves or build nests , they frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals , as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation . They tend to be most active during dawn and dusk ( crepuscular ) , when it is harder for predators to spot them .

Question: where do you find guinea pigs in the wild

answer: C. porcellus is not found naturally in the wild. Some species of cavy identified in the 20th century, such as C. anolaimae and C. guianae, may be domestic guinea pigs that have become feral by reintroduction into the wild.  Wild cavies are found on grassy plains and occupy an ecological niche similar to that of cattle.   They frequently seek shelter in the burrows of other animals, as well as in crevices and tunnels formed by vegetation.
title: Wild turkey
text: Adult wild turkeys have long reddish - yellow to grayish - green legs . The body feathers are generally blackish and dark , sometimes grey brown overall with a coppery sheen that becomes more complex in adult males . Adult males , called toms or gobblers , have a large , featherless , reddish head , red throat , and red wattles on the throat and neck . The head has fleshy growths called caruncles . Juvenile males are called jakes ; the difference between an adult male and a juvenile is that the jake has a very short beard and his tail fan has longer feathers in the middle . The adult male 's tail fan feathers will be all the same length . When males are excited , a fleshy flap on the bill expands , and this , the wattles and the bare skin of the head and neck all become engorged with blood , almost concealing the eyes and bill . The long fleshy object over a male 's beak is called a snood . Each foot has three toes in front , with a shorter , rear - facing toe in back ; males have a spur behind each of their lower legs .

Question: what's the difference between a tom and a jake turkey

answer: Adult male wild turkeys are called toms or gobblers, juvenile males are called jakes.
title: Operating system
text: The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 83.3 % . macOS by Apple Inc. is in second place ( 11.2 % ) , and the varieties of Linux are collectively in third place ( 1.55 % ) . In the mobile ( smartphone and tablet combined ) sector , according to third quarter 2016 data , Android by Google is dominant with 87.5 percent and a growth rate 10.3 percent per year , followed by iOS by Apple with 12.1 percent and a per year decrease in market share of 5.2 percent , while other operating systems amount to just 0.3 percent . Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors . Other specialized classes of operating systems , such as embedded and real - time systems , exist for many applications .

Question: what are the different types of operating systems for computers

answer: The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 83.3 % . macOS by Apple Inc. is in second place ( 11.2 % ) , and the varieties of Linux are collectively in third place ( 1.55 % ) . Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors .
answer: The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows, and macOS by Apple Inc. is in second place followed by the varieties of Linux collectively in third place.  Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors.
title: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York
text: The film was shot in Winnetka , Illinois ; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago ; Evanston , Illinois ; and New York City ( which was star Culkin 's hometown at the time ) . The exterior of Duncan 's Toy Chest in New York City was filmed outside of the Rookery Building in downtown Chicago . The exterior of Haven Middle School in Evanston , Illinois is shown prior to the Christmas pageant . The Miami scenes were filmed in Los Angeles , including an exterior of Miami International Airport which was filmed at Los Angeles International Airport . The film became the second most financially successful film of 1992 , earning over $173 million in revenue in the United States and $359 million worldwide against a budget of $20 million . The film is also notable for featuring a cameo from future President Donald Trump , who had owned the Plaza Hotel at the time of the film 's production . Although Critical response was negative audience reception was positive . Home Alone 3 followed five years later in 1997 , but the original cast and director did not return for that film .

Question: where was home alone 2 lost in new york filmed

answer: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York was shot in Winnetka , Illinois ; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago ; Evanston , Illinois ; and New York City. The exterior of Duncan 's Toy Chest in New York City was filmed outside of the Rookery Building in downtown Chicago . The Miami scenes were filmed in Los Angeles , including an exterior of Miami International Airport which was filmed at Los Angeles International Airport .
answer: Home Alone 2: Lost in New York was shot in Winnetka , Illinois ; O'Hare International Airport in Chicago ; Evanston , Illinois ; New York City; downtown Chicago; Los Angeles and Los Angeles International Airport .
title: Color television
text: While the CBS color broadcasting schedule gradually expanded to twelve hours per week ( but never into prime time ) , and the color network expanded to eleven affiliates as far west as Chicago , its commercial success was doomed by the lack of color receivers necessary to watch the programs , the refusal of television manufacturers to create adapter mechanisms for their existing black - and - white sets , and the unwillingness of advertisers to sponsor broadcasts seen by almost no one . CBS had bought a television manufacturer in April , and in September 1951 , production began on the only CBS - Columbia color television model , with the first color sets reaching retail stores on September 28 . But it was too little , too late . Only 200 sets had been shipped , and only 100 sold , when CBS discontinued its color television system on October 20 , 1951 , ostensibly by request of the National Production Authority for the duration of the Korean War , and bought back all the CBS color sets it could to prevent lawsuits by disappointed customers . RCA chairman David Sarnoff later charged that the NPA 's order had come `` out of a situation artificially created by one company to solve its own perplexing problems '' because CBS had been unsuccessful in its color venture . Compatible

Question: when did the first color tv go on sale

answer: CBS had bought a television manufacturer in April , and in September 1951 , production began on the only CBS - Columbia color television model , with the first color sets reaching retail stores on September 28. Only 200 sets had been shipped , and only 100 sold , when CBS discontinued its color television system on October 20 , 1951 , ostensibly by request of the National Production Authority for the duration of the Korean War , and bought back all the CBS color sets it could to prevent lawsuits by disappointed customers.
answer: The first color television reached retail stores on September 28 1951.
title: Phosphene
text: The most common phosphenes are pressure phosphenes , caused by rubbing or applying pressure on or near the closed eyes . They have been known since antiquity , and described by the Greeks . The pressure mechanically stimulates the cells of the retina . Experiences include a darkening of the visual field that moves against the rubbing , a diffuse colored patch that also moves against the rubbing , a scintillating and ever - changing and deforming light grid with occasional dark spots ( like a crumpling fly - spotted flyscreen ) , and a sparse field of intense blue points of light . Pressure phosphenes can persist briefly after the rubbing stops and the eyes are opened , allowing the phosphenes to be seen on the visual scene . Hermann von Helmholtz and others have published drawings of their pressure phosphenes . One example of a pressure phosphene is demonstrated by gently pressing the side of one 's eye and observing a colored ring of light on the opposite side , as detailed by Isaac Newton .

Question: why do i see stars after rubbing my eyes

answer: The most common phosphenes are pressure phosphenes, caused by rubbing or applying pressure on or near the closed eyes. Pressure phosphenes can persist briefly after the rubbing stops and the eyes are opened, allowing the phosphenes to be seen on the visual scene.
title: Enzyme
text: An important function of enzymes is in the digestive systems of animals . Enzymes such as amylases and proteases break down large molecules ( starch or proteins , respectively ) into smaller ones , so they can be absorbed by the intestines . Starch molecules , for example , are too large to be absorbed from the intestine , but enzymes hydrolyze the starch chains into smaller molecules such as maltose and eventually glucose , which can then be absorbed . Different enzymes digest different food substances . In ruminants , which have herbivorous diets , microorganisms in the gut produce another enzyme , cellulase , to break down the cellulose cell walls of plant fiber .

Question: what type of chemical reactions do digestive enzymes catalyze

answer: Enzymes such as amylases and proteases break down large molecules (starch or proteins, respectively) into smaller ones, so they can be absorbed by the intestines. Enzymes hydrolyze the starch chains into smaller molecules such as maltose and eventually glucose, which can then be absorbed. In ruminants, which have herbivorous diets, microorganisms in the gut produce another enzyme, cellulase, to break down the cellulose cell walls of plant fiber.
title: News of the World (album)
text: The album 's cover was a painting by American sci - fi artist Frank Kelly Freas . Taylor had an issue of Astounding Science Fiction ( October 1953 ) whose cover art depicted a giant intelligent robot holding the dead body of a man . The caption read : `` Please ... fix it , Daddy ? '' to illustrate the story `` The Gulf Between '' by Tom Godwin . The painting inspired the band to contact Freas , who agreed to alter the painting for their album cover , by replacing the single dead man with the four `` dead '' band members ( with Taylor and Deacon falling to the ground , and Taylor only visible on the back cover ) . The inner cover ( gatefold ) has the robot extending its hand to snatch up the petrified fleeing audience in the shattered auditorium where the corpses were removed . Freas said he was a classical music fan and did not know Queen , and only listened to the band after doing the cover `` because I thought I might just hate them , and it would ruin my ideas '' , but eventually liked their music .

Question: queen news of the world album art meaning

answer: The album's cover was a painting by American sci-fi artist Frank Kelly Freas. The painting inspired the band to contact Freas, who agreed to alter the painting for their album cover, by replacing the single dead man with the four ``dead'' band members.
title: Doctor of Public Health
text: The Doctor of Public Health ( abbr . DrPH or DPH ; Latin Publica Sanitas Doctor ) is a doctoral degree awarded in the field of Public Health . DrPH is the highest , and terminal , professional degree in the field of public health . It prepares its recipients for a leadership career in advanced public health practice and administration . Some of the DrPH holders also pursue academia including teaching and research . DrPH holders often occupy executive leadership roles in private and public sectors along with , non-profit and international health entities such as the WHO .

Question: what does a doctor of public health do

answer: Doctors of public health, DrPH often occupy executive leadership roles in private and public sectors along with, non-profit and international health entities such as the WHO. Some of them pursue academia including teaching and research.
title: Holy Chalice
text: The Holy Chalice is the vessel which in Christian tradition Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine . The vessel is referred to in the synoptic gospels as ποτήριον ( `` cup , drinking vessel '' ) . The celebration of the Eucharist in Christian churches and communities retains the original elements of the Last Supper , the bread and the cup or chalice , with the celebrant using the words of Jesus , as recorded in the Gospels . The Holy Chalice in the form of the Holy Grail became a topos in Arthurian romance in the high medieval period . In Roman Catholic relic veneration of the later medieval period , two artifacts , one kept in Genoa and the other in Valencia , were identified as the Holy Chalice .

Question: where is the holy grail in the last supper

answer: The Holy Chalice, in the form of the Holy Grail, is the vessel which in Christian tradition Jesus used at the Last Supper to serve the wine.
answer: The Holy Chalice in the form of the Holy Grail became a topos in Arthurian romance in the high medieval period. There are two artifacts  identified as the Holy Chalice, one kept in Genoa and the other in Valencia.
title: Jack the Giant Slayer
text: Principal photography began on April 12 , 2011 , in the British countryside . In May 2011 , production moved to Somerset , England for two weeks with filming scheduled in Wells , Cheddar and secret locations in the county including scenes filmed at Wells Cathedral . Also in May , scenes were shot at Puzzlewood in the Forest of Dean near Coleford , Gloucestershire . Puzzlewood , which features unusual tree and rock formations , has previously been used for filming of the BBC TV series Doctor Who and Merlin . The same forest is said to have inspired J.R.R. Tolkien to write The Hobbit . Later that month , filming took place at Norwich Cathedral in Norwich , Norfolk .

Question: where was jack and the giant slayer filmed

answer: "Jack the Giant Slayer" was filmed in the British countryside, Somerset , England , Wells , Cheddar,  secret locations in the county including scenes filmed at Wells Cathedral. Scenes were shot at Puzzlewood in the Forest of Dean near Coleford , Gloucestershire and at Norwich Cathedral in Norwich , Norfolk .
title: Monty Python's Life of Brian
text: The film was shot on location in Monastir , Tunisia , which allowed the production to reuse sets from Franco Zeffirelli 's Jesus of Nazareth ( 1977 ) . The Tunisian shoot was documented by Iain Johnstone for his BBC film The Pythons . Many locals were employed as extras on Life of Brian . Director Jones noted , `` They were all very knowing because they 'd all worked for Franco Zeffirelli on Jesus of Nazareth , so I had these elderly Tunisians telling me , ' Well , Mr Zeffirelli would n't have done it like that , you know . ' '' Further location shooting took place in Sousse ( Jerusalem outer walls and gateway ) , Carthage ( Roman amphitheatre ) and Matmata , Tunisia ( Sermon on the Mount and Crucifixion ) . Graham Chapman , suffering from alcoholism , was so determined to play the lead role -- at one point coveted by Cleese -- that he dried out in time for filming , so much so that he also acted as the on - set doctor . Following shooting between 16 September and 12 November 1978 , a two - hour rough cut of the film was put together for its first private showing in January 1979 . Over the next few months Life of Brian was re-edited and re-screened a number of times for different preview audiences , losing a number of entire filmed sequences ( see § Lost scenes below ) .

Question: where was monty python life of brian filmed

answer: The film was shot on location in Monastir, Tunisia; in Sousse, Jerusalem outer walls and gateway; Carthage, Roman amphitheatre; and Matmata, Tunisia.