deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: History of education in the United States
text: The first American schools in the thirteen original colonies opened in the 17th century . Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 and is both the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States . The first free taxpayer - supported public school in North America , the Mather School , was opened in Dorchester , Massachusetts , in 1639 . Cremin ( 1970 ) stresses that colonists tried at first to educate by the traditional English methods of family , church , community , and apprenticeship , with schools later becoming the key agent in `` socialization . '' At first , the rudiments of literacy and arithmetic were taught inside the family , assuming the parents had those skills . Literacy rates were much higher in New England because much of the population had been deeply involved in the Protestant Reformation and learned to read in order to read the Scriptures . Literacy was much lower in the South , where the Anglican Church was the established church . Single working - class people formed a large part of the population in the early years , arriving as indentured servants . The planter class did not support public education but arranged for private tutors for their children , and sent some to England at appropriate ages for further education .

Question: where did public education start in the original colonies and why

answer: Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 and is both the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States .Cremin ( 1970 ) stresses that colonists tried at first to educate by the traditional English methods of family , church , community , and apprenticeship , with schools later becoming the key agent in `` socialization . ''
answer: Boston Latin School was founded in 1635 and is both the first public school and oldest existing school in the United States. Literacy rates were much higher in New England because much of the population had been deeply involved in the Protestant Reformation and learned to read in order to read the Scriptures.
title: History of Fort Worth, Texas
text: In January 1849 , U.S. Army General William Jenkins Worth , a veteran of the Mexican -- American War , proposed building ten forts to mark and protect the west Texas frontier , situated from Eagle Pass to the confluence of the West Fork and Clear Fork of the Trinity River . Worth died on 7 May 1849 from cholera . General William S. Harney was assigned to Worth 's position . He ordered Major Ripley A. Arnold to find a new fort site near the confluence of the West and Clear Forks . On 6 June 1849 , Arnold established a post on the banks of the Trinity and named it Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth . In August 1849 , Arnold moved the camp to a north - facing bluff that overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork . The US War Department officially granted the name `` Fort Worth '' to the post on 14 November 1849 .

Question: where did the name fort worth come from

answer: The name 'Worth' came from U.S. Army General William Jenkins Worth, a veteran of the Mexican -- American War who died on 7 May 1849.  On 6 June 1849, Arnold established a post on the banks of the Trinity and named it Camp Worth in honor of the late General Worth. In August 1849, Arnold moved the camp to a north - facing bluff that overlooked the mouth of the Clear Fork.  The US War Department officially granted the name `` Fort Worth '' to the post on 14 November 1849.
title: Founding Fathers of the United States
text: Historian Richard B. Morris in 1973 identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers : John Adams , Benjamin Franklin , Alexander Hamilton , John Jay , Thomas Jefferson , James Madison , and George Washington . Adams , Jefferson , and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence . Hamilton , Madison , and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers , advocating ratification of the Constitution . The constitutions drafted by Jay and Adams for their respective states of New York ( 1777 ) and Massachusetts ( 1780 ) were heavily relied upon when creating language for the US Constitution . Jay , Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris ( 1783 ) that would end the American Revolutionary War . Washington was Commander - in - Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention . All held additional important roles in the early government of the United States , with Washington , Adams , Jefferson , and Madison serving as President . Jay was the nation 's first Chief Justice and Hamilton was the first Secretary of the Treasury . While Franklin was America 's most senior diplomat and later the governmental leader of Pennsylvania .

Question: who were the founding fathers and what did they do

answer: Historian Richard B. Morris identified the following seven figures as the key Founding Fathers: John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington. Adams, Jefferson and Franklin were members of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence. Hamilton, Madison and Jay were authors of The Federalist Papers, advocating ratification of the Constitution. Jay, Adams and Franklin negotiated the Treaty of Paris (1783) that would end the American Revolutionary War. Washington was Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army and was President of the Constitutional Convention.
title: Chola dynasty
text: The Cholas are also known as the Choda . There is very little information available in regarding their origin . Its antiquity is evident from the mentions in ancient Tamil literature and in inscriptions . Later medieval Cholas also claimed a long and ancient lineage . Mentions in the early Sangam literature ( c. 150 CE ) indicate that the earliest kings of the dynasty antedated 100 CE . Cholas were mentioned in Ashokan Edicts of 3rd Century BCE as one of the neighboring countries existing in the South .

Question: who laid the foundation of the chola empire

answer: There is very little information available in regarding the origin of the Chola dynasty. Its antiquity is evident from the mentions in ancient Tamil literature and in inscriptions. Mentions in the early Sangam literature (c. 150 CE) indicate that the earliest kings of the dynasty antedated 100 CE.
answer: Mentions in the early Sangam literature (c. 150 CE) indicate that the earliest kings of the Chola dynasty antedated 100 CE.
title: Thermoregulation
text: Thermoregulation in organisms runs along a spectrum from endothermy to ectothermy . Endotherms create most of their heat via metabolic processes , and are colloquially referred to as warm - blooded . When the surrounding temperatures are cold , endotherms increase metabolic heat production to keep their body temperature constant , thus making the internal body temperature of an endotherm more or less independent of the temperature of the environment . One metabolic activity , in terms of generating heat , that endotherms are able to do is that they possess a larger number of mitochondria per cell than ectotherms , enabling them to generate more heat by increasing the rate at which they metabolize fats and sugars . Ectotherms use external sources of temperature to regulate their body temperatures . They are colloquially referred to as cold - blooded despite the fact that body temperatures often stay within the same temperature ranges as warm - blooded animals . Ectotherms are the opposite of endotherms when it comes to regulating internal temperatures . In ectotherms , the internal physiological sources of heat are of negligible importance ; the biggest factor that enables them to maintain adequate body temperatures is due to environmental influences . Living in areas that maintain a constant temperature throughout the year , like the tropics or the ocean , have enabled ectotherms to develop a wide range of behavioral mechanisms that enable them to respond to external temperatures , such as sun - bathing to increase body temperature , or seeking the cover of shade to lower body temperature .

Question: where does heat in the body come from

answer: Endotherms create most of their heat via metabolic processes , and are colloquially referred to as warm - blooded . Ectotherms use external sources of temperature to regulate their body temperatures . In ectotherms , the internal physiological sources of heat are of negligible importance. Living in areas that maintain a constant temperature throughout the year , like the tropics or the ocean , have enabled ectotherms to develop a wide range of behavioral mechanisms that enable them to respond to external temperatures , such as sun - bathing to increase body temperature , or seeking the cover of shade to lower body temperature .
title: Quakers
text: In 1650 , Fox was brought before the magistrates Gervase Bennet and Nathaniel Barton , on a charge of religious blasphemy . According to George Fox 's autobiography , Bennet `` was the first that called us Quakers , because I bade them tremble at the word of the Lord '' . It is thought that George Fox was referring to Isaiah 66 : 2 or Ezra 9 : 4 . Thus , the name Quaker began as a way of ridiculing George Fox 's admonition , but became widely accepted and is used by some Quakers . Quakers also described themselves using terms such as true Christianity , Saints , Children of the Light , and Friends of the Truth , reflecting terms used in the New Testament by members of the early Christian church . James

Question: how did the society of friends get their nickname

answer: In 1650, George Fox was brought before the magistrates Gervase Bennet and Nathaniel Barton, on a charge of religious blasphemy. According to Fox's autobiography, Bennet ``was the first that called us Quakers, because I bade them tremble at the word of the Lord''. The name Quaker began as a way of ridiculing George Fox's admonition, but became widely accepted and is used by some Quakers.
answer: According to George Fox, on a charge of religious blasphemy, the magistrates Gervase Bennet "was the first that called us Quakers when he was brought before him in 1650, because I bade them tremble at the word of the Lord", possibly referring to Isaiah 66 : 2 or Ezra 9 : 4. The name Quaker then began as a way of ridiculing George Fox 's admonition.
title: Thalidomide
text: Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957 in West Germany under the trade name Contergan . The German drug company Chemie Grünenthal developed and sold the drug . Primarily prescribed as a sedative or hypnotic , thalidomide also claimed to cure `` anxiety , insomnia , gastritis , and tension '' . Afterwards , it was used against nausea and to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women . Thalidomide became an over-the - counter drug in West Germany on October 1 , 1957 . Shortly after the drug was sold in West Germany , between 5,000 and 7,000 infants were born with phocomelia ( malformation of the limbs ) . Only 40 % of these children survived . Throughout the world , about 10,000 cases were reported of infants with phocomelia due to thalidomide ; only 50 % of the 10,000 survived . Those subjected to thalidomide while in the womb experienced limb deficiencies in a way that the long limbs either were not developed or presented themselves as stumps . Other effects included deformed eyes and hearts , deformed alimentary and urinary tracts , blindness and deafness . The negative effects of thalidomide led to the development of more structured drug regulations and control over drug use and development .

Question: thalidomide was marketed in the 1960s as a treatment for

answer: Thalidomide was first marketed in 1957. Afterwards , it was used for nausea and to alleviate morning sickness in pregnant women.
title: Apoptosis
text: Apoptosis ( from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις `` falling off '' ) is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms . Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes ( morphology ) and death . These changes include blebbing , cell shrinkage , nuclear fragmentation , chromatin condensation , chromosomal DNA fragmentation , and global mRNA decay . Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult . For an average child between the ages of 8 and 14 , approximately 20 to 30 billion cells die a day .

Question: the sequence of events in the process of apoptosis is

answer: Apoptosis is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and global mRNA decay. Between 50 and 70 billion cells die each day due to apoptosis in the average human adult.
title: Premier of Alberta
text: To be effective , accountable and in line with custom , the premier does hold a seat in the legislature , so the premier serves as the MLA for a riding , and is elected as the MLA by the constituents of that constituency . As with most government leaders in a parliamentary system , the premier usually wins his or her own election as MLA easily . However , on occasion , a premier has not been re-elected to their seat in a general election , forcing them to run in a by - election in a constituency that comes empty by the resignation of the sitting MLA or other incident . The most recent case of this was Don Getty , who lost his Edmonton - Whitemud seat in the 1989 election and then ran and was elected in a by - election in Drumheller - Stettler . In 2014 Jim Prentice was elected party leader without holding a seat in the legislative assembly , thus becoming premier , and won a Calgary - Foothills by - election in order to gain a seat in the assembly .

Question: how does alberta determine who the premier is

answer: The premier holds a seat in the legislature, so the premier serves as the MLA for a riding and is elected as the MLA by the constituents of that constituency.  If a premier has not been re-elected to their seat in a general election, forcing them to run in a by - election in a constituency that comes empty by the resignation of the sitting MLA or other incident.
answer: The premier holds a seat in the legislature, so the premier serves as the MLA for a riding and is elected as the MLA by the constituents of that constituency. If a premier is not re-elected to their seat in a general election, they will need to run in a by-election in a constituency that comes empty by the resignation of the sitting MLA or other incident.
title: Kyrie Irving
text: Irving played for Montclair Kimberley Academy in his freshman and sophomore years in high school . He averaged 26.5 points , 10.3 assists , 4.8 rebounds , and 3.6 steals and became only the school 's second 1,000 point scorer . In his sophomore year , he led MKA to its first New Jersey Prep ' B ' state title . After that year , he transferred to St. Patrick High School because he felt he needed a bigger challenge . He had to sit out the first 30 days of St. Patrick 's season due to the transfer . While at St. Patrick , Irving played with Michael Kidd - Gilchrist , who was widely regarded as one of the best players in the class of 2011 . In his first season at St. Patrick , Irving averaged 17.0 ppg. , 5.0 rpg. , 6.0 apg. and 2.0 spg . He also led his team to their third New Jersey Tournament of Champions title in four years . In August 2009 , he played in the Nike Global Challenge in which he led the USA East to the tournament title . He was the MVP with 21.3 ppg. and 4.3 apg . The following year , St. Patrick was banned from the state tournament for holding practice prior to the permitted start of the winter sports season . Despite being banned from the state tournament , St. Patrick went 24 - 3 and won the Union County Tournament championship . Kyrie finished his senior year with 24.0 ppg , 5.0 rpg. and 7.0 apg .

Question: where did kyrie irving go to high school

answer: Kyrie Irving played for Montclair Kimberley Academy in his freshman and sophomore years in high school, and he transferred to St. Patrick High School.
title: Hurdy Gurdy Man
text: There is some dispute over the musicians who performed on the song . In the booklet that came with Donovan 's 1992 double CD , Troubadour : The Definitive Collection 1964 -- 1976 , Allan Holdsworth and Jimmy Page are listed as the electric guitar players and John Bonham and Clem Cattini ( spelled as `` Clem Clatini '' ) as drummers on the recording . John Paul Jones , who arranged and played bass on the track ( and also booked the session musicians ) , was reported to have said by email that Clem Cattini played the drums and Alan Parker played the electric guitar . This line - up was confirmed by Cattini . In Donovan 's autobiography , he credits Cattini ( spelled as `` Catini '' ) and Bonham for the drums . In a published interview circa 2013 , Donovan is quoted as primarily crediting Cattini for the drums but saying he was n't sure whether Bonham was also involved , and said he and Jones both credit Holdsworth for the guitar .

Question: who played guitar on donovan hurdy gurdy man

answer: In Hurdy Gurdy Man, Allan Holdsworth and Jimmy Page are listed as the electric guitar players; John Paul Jones played bass on the track; Alan Parker played the electric guitar; Donovan and Jones both credit Holdsworth for the guitar .
title: Israel (name)
text: Israel is a Biblical given name . The patriarch Jacob was given the name Israel ( Hebrew : יִשְׂרָאֵל , Standard Yisraʾel Tiberian Yiśrāʾēl ) after he `` wrestled with the angel '' ( Genesis 32 : 28 and 35 : 10 ) . The given name is already attested in Eblaite ( 𒅖𒊏𒅋 , išrail ) and Ugaritic ( 𐎊𐎌𐎗𐎛𐎍 , yšrʾil ) . Commentators differ on the original literal interpretation . The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah `` to rule , contend , have power , prevail over '' : שָׂרִיתָ עִם ־ אֱלֹהִים ( KJV : `` a prince hast thou power with God '' ) , but modern suggestions read the el as the subject , for a translation of `` El / God rules / judges / struggles '' , `` El fights / struggles '' .

Question: what is the hebrew meaning of the name israel

answer: Israel is a Biblical given name.  The text of Genesis etymologizes the name with the root śarah `` to rule, contend, have power, prevail over'': ( KJV :`` a prince hast thou power with God '' ) , but modern suggestions read the el as the subject, for a translation of `` El / God rules / judges / struggles'', `` El fights / struggles ''.
title: Bone age
text: Bone age is the degree of maturation of a child 's bones . As a person grows from fetal life through childhood , puberty , and finishes growth as a young adult , the bones of the skeleton change in size and shape . These changes can be seen by x-ray . The `` bone age '' of a child is the average age at which children reach this stage of bone maturation . A child 's current height and bone age can be used to predict adult height . For most people , their bone age is the same as their biological age but for some individuals , their bone age is a couple years older or younger . Those with advanced bone ages typically hit a growth spurt early on but stop growing early sooner while those with delayed bone ages hit their growth spurt later than normal . Kids who are below average height do not necessarily have a delayed bone age ; in fact their bone age could actually be advanced which if left untreated , will stunt their growth .

Question: what does a bone age x ray tell

answer: Bone age is the degree of maturation of a child 's bones. and these changes can be seen by x-ray .
answer: Bone age is the degree of maturation of a child's bones and these changes can be seen by x-ray.
title: Thymus
text: In children , the thymus is pinkish - gray , soft , and lobulated on its surfaces . At birth it is about 4 -- 6 cm long , 2.5 -- 5 cm wide , and about 1 cm thick . It is made up of two lobes that meet in upper midline , that stretch from below the thyroid in the neck to as low as the cartilage of the fourth rib . It lies beneath the sternum , rests on the pericardium , and is separated from the aortic arch and great vessels by a layer of fascia . The left brachiocephalic vein may even be embedded within the thymus . In the neck , it lies on the front and sides of the trachea , behind the sternohyoidei and sternothyreoidei .

Question: where is the thymus located in your body

answer: Thymus lies beneath the sternum , rests on the pericardium , and is separated from the aortic arch and great vessels by a layer of fascia . In the neck , it lies on the front and sides of the trachea , behind the sternohyoidei and sternothyreoidei .
title: Big Ben
text: Big Ben is the largest of five bells and weighs 13.5 long tons ( 13.7 tonnes ; 15.1 short tons ) . It was the largest bell in the United Kingdom for 23 years . The origin of the bell 's nickname is open to question ; it may be named after Sir Benjamin Hall , who oversaw its installation , or heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt . Four quarter bells chime at 15 , 30 and 45 minutes past the hour and just before Big Ben tolls on the hour . The clock uses its original Victorian mechanism , but an electric motor can be used as a backup .

Question: why do they call the clock big ben

answer: Big Ben is the largest of five bells. The origin of the bell's nickname is open to question; it may be named after Sir Benjamin Hall, who oversaw its installation, or heavyweight boxing champion Benjamin Caunt.
title: Lucas Horton
text: Sami and Lucas become engaged , but Kate does everything in her power to make sure they never walk down the aisle . She brings Sami 's ex , Brandon Walker , back to town . Kate has Sami and Brandon drugged and put into bed with each other , where Lucas finds them together on the morning of the wedding , and he is devastated . As much as he loves Sami , he ca n't forgive her for this . He ripp up the marriage license and swears he never wants anything else to do with her . Sami tries to convince him that Kate is responsible , but his mother smooth - talks him and he only further blames his ex-fiancé .

Question: who is lucas dating on days of our lives

answer: Lucas was dating with Sami and become engaged; however, they broke up and rip up the marriage license.
title: Think globally, act locally
text: The first use of the phrase in an environmental context is disputed . Some say it was coined by David Brower , founder of Friends of the Earth , as a slogan for FOE when it was founded in 1969 , although others attribute it to René Dubos in 1977 . Canadian `` futurist '' Frank Feather also chaired a conference called `` Thinking Globally , Acting Locally '' in 1979 and has claimed the paternity of the expression . Other possible originators include French theologian Jacques Ellul .

Question: who had said think globally and act locally

answer: Some say it was coined by David Brower, founder of Friends of the Earth, as a slogan for FOE when it was founded in 1969, although others attribute it to René Dubos in 1977.
Frank Feather also chaired a conference called `` Thinking Globally, Acting Locally '' in 1979 and has claimed the paternity of the expression .
 Other possible originators include French theologian Jacques Ellul .
title: Say Uncle
text: `` Say ' uncle ' ! '' is a North American expression demanding that the opponent in a contest submits . The response `` Uncle ! '' is equivalent to `` I give up '' and indicates submission . There are two theories as to the origin of the term ; one relates to the Roman Empire ; alternatively the expression may have originated in a 19th - century English joke about a bullied parrot . This use of this term is also very common in Arabian Peninsula countries `` gol aami '' `` say uncle '' `` قول عمي '' .

Question: where did the saying cry uncle come from

answer: "Say uncle!" is a North American expression with two origin theories; one relates to the Roman Empire ; alternatively the expression may have originated in a 19th - century English joke about a bullied parrot. This use of this term is also very common in Arabian Peninsula countries "gol aami" or 
"say uncle".
title: Log Horizon
text: A 25 - episode anime adaptation produced by Satelight aired on NHK Educational TV from October 5 , 2013 to March 22 , 2014 . The series was streamed as a simulcast by Crunchyroll in North America and other select parts of the world . A 25 - episode second season produced by Studio Deen began airing on October 4 , 2014 . Both seasons have been licensed by Sentai Filmworks in North America for digital and home video release . For both seasons , the opening theme is `` database '' by Man with a Mission featuring Takuma while the ending theme for the first season is `` Your song * '' and for the second season it is `` Wonderful Wonder World * '' , both performed by Yunchi .

Question: how many seasons of log horizon are there

answer: Two seasons of log horizon are there.
title: United States presidential inauguration
text: The first inauguration , that of George Washington , took place on April 30 , 1789 . All subsequent ( regular ) inaugurations from 1793 until 1933 , were held on March 4 , the day of the year on which the federal government began operations under the U.S. Constitution in 1789 . The exception to this pattern being those years in which March 4 fell on a Sunday . When it did , the public inauguration ceremony would take place on Monday , March 5 . This happened on four occasions , in 1821 , 1849 , 1877 , and 1917 . Inauguration Day moved to January 20 , beginning in 1937 , following ratification of the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution , where it has remained since . A similar Sunday exception and move to Monday is made around this date as well ( which happened in 1957 , 1985 , and 2013 ) .

Question: where did the tradition of an inaugural address come from

answer: The first inauguration, that of George Washington, took place on April 30, 1789.  All subsequent inaugurations from 1793 until 1933 were held on March 4, the day of the year on which the federal government began operations under the U.S. Constitution in 1789.  Inauguration Day moved to January 20, beginning in 1937, following ratification of the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution.
title: Supreme Court of India
text: As the final court of appeal of the country , it takes up appeals primarily against verdicts of the High Courts of various states of the Union and other courts and tribunals . It safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country . As an advisory court , it hears matters which may specifically be referred to it under the Constitution by the President of India . It also may take cognisance of matters on its own ( or ' suo moto ' ) , without anyone drawing its attention to them . The law declared by the Supreme Court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments . Per Article 142 , it is the duty of President to enforce the decrees of Supreme Court .

Question: describe power and function of the supreme court of india

answer: Supreme Court of India safeguards fundamental rights of citizens and settles disputes between various governments in the country. The law declared by the Supreme Court becomes binding on all courts within India and also by the union and state governments .
title: Hollywood Walk of Fame
text: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame , in fact there was no `` first '' recipient ; the original stars were installed as a continuous project , with no individual ceremonies . Woodward 's name was one of eight drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars that were built while litigation was still holding up permanent construction . The eight prototypes were installed temporarily on the northwest corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue in August 1958 to generate publicity and to demonstrate how the Walk would eventually look . The other seven names were Olive Borden , Ronald Colman , Louise Fazenda , Preston Foster , Burt Lancaster , Edward Sedgwick , and Ernest Torrence . Official groundbreaking took place on February 8 , 1960 . On March 28 , 1960 , the first permanent star , director Stanley Kramer 's , was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower . The Joanne Woodward legend may have originated , according to one source , because she was the first to pose with her star for photographers .

Question: who got the first star on the walk of fame

answer: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame, in fact there was no `` first '' recipient.  Woodward's name was one of eight drawn along Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence.
answer: While Joanne Woodward is often singled out as the first to receive a star on the Walk of Fame, in fact there was no "first" recipient. Woodward's along with Olive Borden, Ronald Colman, Louise Fazenda, Preston Foster, Burt Lancaster, Edward Sedgwick, and Ernest Torrence were drawn at random from the original 1,558 and inscribed on eight prototype stars. Director Stanley Kramer got the first permanent star which was completed on the easternmost end of the new Walk near the intersection of Hollywood and Gower.
title: Australia Day
text: The meaning and significance of Australia Day has evolved over time . Unofficially , or historically , the date has also been variously named `` Anniversary Day '' , `` Foundation Day '' , and `` ANA Day '' . 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia ( then known as New Holland ) . Although it was not known as Australia Day until over a century later , records of celebrations on 26 January date back to 1808 , with the first official celebration of the formation of New South Wales held in 1818 . On New Year 's Day 1901 , the British colonies of Australia formed a federation , marking the birth of modern Australia . A national day of unity and celebration was looked for . It was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories adopted use of the term `` Australia Day '' to mark the date , and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories .

Question: when did australia day start on the 26th of january

answer: 26 January 1788 marked the proclamation of British sovereignty over the eastern seaboard of Australia, however, it was not until 1935 that all Australian states and territories adopted use of the term `` Australia Day '' to mark the date, and not until 1994 that the date was consistently marked by a public holiday on that day by all states and territories.
title: The Things We Did Last Summer
text: `` The Things We Did Last Summer '' is a popular song from 1946 . The words were written by Sammy Cahn , with the composition by Jule Styne . The most well known version is the 1946 Top ten hit by Jo Stafford . Versions by Frank Sinatra and by Vaughn Monroe also charted that year . Shelley Fabares had a hit cover in 1962 on the pop chart . Several recordings have been made , including versions by Frank Sinatra , Vaughn Monroe , and Dean Martin who recorded different versions for his 1959 and 1966 Christmas LPs .

Question: dean martin the things we did last summer

answer: Dean Martin recorded different versions of the song The Things We Did Last Summer for his 1959 and 1966 Christmas LPs.
title: Olive oil extraction
text: Olive oil extraction is the process of extracting the oil present in olive drupes , known as olive oil . Olive oil is produced in the mesocarp cells , and stored in a particular type of vacuole called a lipo vacuole , i.e. , every cell contains a tiny olive oil droplet . Olive oil extraction is the process of separating the oil from the other fruit contents ( vegetative extract liquid and solid material ) . It is possible to attain this separation by physical means alone , i.e. , oil and water do not mix , so they are relatively easy to separate . This contrasts with other oils that are extracted with chemical solvents , generally hexane . The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives , to reduce the presence of contaminants , especially soil which can create a particular flavor effect called `` soil taste '' .

Question: what is the process of making olive oil

answer: It is possible to attain separation of olive oil by physical means alone, i.e. , oil and water do not mix, so they are relatively easy to separate.  The first operation when extracting olive oil is washing the olives.
answer: Olive oil extraction is done by physically separating the oil from the other fruit contents after washing the olives , to reduce the presence of contaminants.
title: Riverdale (2017 TV series)
text: Filming of the pilot began on March 14 , 2016 , and ended on April 1 in Vancouver , British Columbia . Production on the remaining 12 episodes of season one began on September 7 , 2016 , in Vancouver . Sets include Pop Tate 's Chock'lit Shoppe , a copy of the functioning diner used in the pilot that is so realistic a truck driver parked his 18 - wheeler there , believing that it was open . Season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley . The aerial view of Riverdale is actually drawn from stock footage used in the series Pretty Little Liars , Gilmore Girls , and the landmark setting are the same utilized in both of the aforementioned series as well as in Hart of Dixie . Filming for the second season started on June 22 , 2017 , and concluded on March 27 , 2018 . Filming for the third season started on July 6 , 2018 .

Question: where is the show riverdale based out of

answer: Filming of the pilot began on March 14, 2016, and ended on April 1 in Vancouver, British Columbia.  Season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley.
answer: Filming of the pilot was in Vancouver, British Columbia and season two was also filmed in Vancouver and the nearby Fraser Valley.
title: Fingerprint
text: Although ancient peoples probably did not realize that fingerprints could uniquely identify individuals , references from the age of the Babylonian king Hammurabi ( reigned 1792 - 1750 BCE ) indicate that law officials would take the fingerprints of people who had been arrested . During China 's Qin Dynasty , records have shown that officials took hand prints , foot prints as well as finger prints as evidence from a crime scene . In China , around 300 CE , handprints were used as evidence in a trial for theft . By 650 , the Chinese historian Kia Kung - Yen remarked that fingerprints could be used as a means of authentication . In his Jami al - Tawarikh ( Universal History ) , the Persian physician Rashid - al - Din Hamadani ( also known as `` Rashideddin '' , 1247 -- 1318 ) refers to the Chinese practice of identifying people via their fingerprints , commenting : `` Experience shows that no two individuals have fingers exactly alike . '' In Persia at this time , government documents may have been authenticated with thumbprints .

Question: when were fingerprints first used in crime detection

answer: Although ancient peoples probably did not realize that fingerprints could uniquely identify individuals, references from the age of the Babylonian king Hammurabi (reigned 1792 - 1750 BCE) indicate that law officials would take the fingerprints of people who had been arrested. In China, around 300 CE, handprints were used as evidence in a trial for theft. The Persian physician Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247 - 1318) refers to the Chinese practice of identifying people via their fingerprints, commenting: ``Experience shows that no two individuals have fingers exactly alike.''
answer: Although ancient peoples probably did not realize that fingerprints could uniquely identify individuals, references from the age of the Babylonian king Hammurabi (reigned 1792 - 1750 BCE) indicate that law officials would take the fingerprints of people who had been arrested. In China, around 300 CE, handprints were used as evidence in a trial for theft.
title: Ryback
text: Immediately after announcing his WWE departure , Reeves announced via his Instagram that he would be taking independent bookings . It was announced that Reeves would wrestle at Rumble in Rockland for Northeast Wrestling on August 25 , his first non-WWE appearance . He also appeared on August 27 for Northeast Wrestling at Wrestling Under the Stars 5 . In WrestlePro , he won the WrestlePro Tag Team Championship with Pat Buck at the WrestlePro event in New York . `` The Big Guy '' Ryback did his first UK appearance since leaving WWE for Revolution Pro Wrestling , defeating Gideon Grey and Rishi Ghosh . Ryback appeared at a WrestleCon event on March 30 where he defeated Colt Cabana . On August 5 , 2017 , Ryback defeated `` Swagzilla '' Sean Kustom to win Australia 's Rock & Roll Wrestling 's World Championship

Question: what happened to the big guy on wwe

answer: Ryback announced his WWE departure and has been taking independent bookings.
answer: ``The Big Guy'' Ryback left WWE and announced via Instagram that he would be taking independent bookings.
title: Republic
text: A republic ( Latin : res publica ) is a form of government in which the country is considered a `` public matter '' , not the private concern or property of the rulers . The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited , but are attained through elections expressing the consent of the governed . Such leadership positions are therefore expected to fairly represent the citizen body . It is a form of government under which the head of state is not a monarch . In American English , the definition of a republic can also refer specifically to a government in which elected individuals represent the citizen body , known elsewhere as a representative democracy ( a democratic republic ) and exercise power according to the rule of law ( a constitutional republic ) .

Question: where does power come from in a republic

answer: A republic is a form of government in which the country is considered a ``public matter''. The primary positions of power within a republic are not inherited, but are attained through elections. A republic can also refer specifically to a government in which elected individuals represent the citizen body, known elsewhere as a representative democracy (a democratic republic) and exercise power according to the rule of law (a constitutional republic).
title: Attack on Pearl Harbor
text: The attack commenced at 7 : 48 a.m. Hawaiian Time ( 18 : 18 UTC ) . The base was attacked by 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft ( including fighters , level and dive bombers , and torpedo bombers ) in two waves , launched from six aircraft carriers . All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged , with four sunk . All but the USS Arizona were later raised , and six were returned to service and went on to fight in the war . The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers , three destroyers , an anti-aircraft training ship , and one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed ; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded . Important base installations such as the power station , dry dock , shipyard , maintenance , and fuel and torpedo storage facilities , as well as the submarine piers and headquarters building ( also home of the intelligence section ) , were not attacked . Japanese losses were light : 29 aircraft and five midget submarines lost , and 64 servicemen killed . One Japanese sailor , Kazuo Sakamaki , was captured .

Question: what did the attack do to the us pacific fleet

answer: All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, as well as one minelayer.
answer: All eight U.S. Navy battleships were damaged, with four sunk. The Japanese also sank or damaged three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training ship, as well as one minelayer. 188 U.S. aircraft were destroyed; 2,403 Americans were killed and 1,178 others were wounded.
title: Headquarters of the United Nations
text: The United Nations is headquartered in New York City , in a complex designed by Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer and built by the architectural firm Harrison & Abramovitz . The complex has served as the official headquarters of the United Nations since its completion in 1952 . It is located in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan , on 17 to 18 acres ( 6.9 to 7.3 ha ) of grounds overlooking the East River . Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east . The term `` Turtle Bay '' is occasionally used as a metonym for the UN headquarters or for the United Nations as a whole .

Question: where is the location of the united nations

answer: The United Nations is headquartered in the Turtle Bay neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Its borders are First Avenue on the west , East 42nd Street to the south , East 48th Street on the north and the East River to the east .
title: Rules of netball
text: Only the Goal Attack and Goal Shooter are able to score goals directly , and this may only be done from the inside of the semicircle . The job of the Goal Defence and Goal Keeper is to block the Goal Attack and Goal Shooter from shooting ; however , they must be three feet or more away from the landing foot of the shooter , otherwise it is called an obstruction . In this penalty situation , the Goal Keeper or Goal Defence must stand by the shooter 's side for a penalty pass or shot , and must remain out of play until the ball is thrown . A ball that passes through the hoop , but has been thrown either from outside the circle or by a player other than the two shooters , is deemed a `` no goal '' . Furthermore , a shooter ( GA or GS ) may not shoot for a goal if a `` free pass '' has been awarded for an infringement such as stepping , offside , or using the post .

Question: where is ga allowed to go in netball

answer: Only the Goal Attack and Goal Shooter are able to score goals directly, and this may only be done from the inside of the semicircle. A shooter (GA or GS) may not shoot for a goal if a ``free pass'' has been awarded for an infringement such as stepping, offside or using the post.
title: Phosphorus cycle
text: Phosphorus occurs most abundantly in nature as part of the orthophosphate ion ( PO ) , consisting of a P atom and 4 oxygen atoms . On land most phosphorus is found in rocks and minerals . Phosphorus rich deposits have generally formed in the ocean or from guano , and over time , geologic processes bring ocean sediments to land . Weathering of rocks and minerals release phosphorus in a soluble form where it is taken up by plants , and it is transformed into organic compounds . The plants may then be consumed by herbivores and the phosphorus is either incorporated into their tissues or excreted . After death , the animal or plant decays , and phosphorus is returned to the soil where a large part of the phosphorus is transformed into insoluble compounds . Runoff may carry a small part of the phosphorus back to the ocean . Generally with time ( thousands of years ) soils become deficient in phosphorus leading to ecosystem retrogression .

Question: where does the phosphorus come from in an ecosystem

answer: On land most phosphorus is found in rocks and minerals. Weathering releases phosphorus of these in a soluble form, where it is taken up by plants and transformed into organic compounds .
answer: On land most phosphorus is found in rocks and minerals . Phosphorus rich deposits have generally formed in the ocean or from guano , and over time , geologic processes bring ocean sediments to land .Weathering of rocks and minerals release phosphorus in a soluble form where it is taken up by plants , and it is transformed into organic compounds .
title: House sparrow
text: Most house sparrows do not move more than a few kilometres during their lifetimes . However , limited migration occurs in all regions . Some young birds disperse long distances , especially on coasts , and mountain birds move to lower elevations in winter . Two subspecies , P. d. bactrianus and P. d. parkini , are predominantly migratory . Unlike the birds in sedentary populations that migrate , birds of migratory subspecies prepare for migration by putting on weight .

Question: where do sparrows migrate to in the winter

answer: Most house sparrows do not move more than a few kilometers during their lifetimes. Some young birds disperse long distances, especially on coasts and mountain birds move to lower elevations in winter.
title: Rudolph Fisher
text: Rudolph Fisher 's story `` City of Refuge '' is centered around a Southern black man named King Solomon Gillis and his migration to Harlem , New York from North Carolina to escape lynching . Gillis is amazed by the opportunity and freedom he sees when he first arrives in Harlem . Gillis meets a man named Uggam who helps him settle into Harlem and gets him a `` job '' . Fisher presents the idea of a migrant 's adjustment to the city during `` Negro Harlem '' and the race relations along the way . The story concludes with Gillis being duped by Uggam into selling `` medicine '' ( drugs ) for him and gets ratted on , leading him to be arrested .

Question: summary of the city of refuge by rudolph fisher

answer: `` City of Refuge '' is centered around a Southern black man named King Solomon Gillis and his migration to Harlem, New York from North Carolina to escape lynching.  Gillis meets a man named Uggam who helps him settle into Harlem and gets him a `` job ''.  Gillis ended up being duped by Uggam into selling `` medicine '' (drugs) for him, 
leading him to be arrested.  The story presents the idea of a migrant's adjustment to the city during `` Negro Harlem '' and the race relations along the way.
title: Planet of the Apes
text: Four sequels followed the original film between 1970 and 1973 : Beneath the Planet of the Apes , Escape from the Planet of the Apes , Conquest of the Planet of the Apes , and Battle for the Planet of the Apes . They did not approach the critical acclaim of the original , but were commercially successful . The series also spawned two television series in 1974 and 1975 . Plans for a film remake stalled in `` development hell '' for over ten years before Tim Burton 's Planet of the Apes was released in 2001 . A new reboot film series commenced in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes , which was followed by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in 2014 and War for the Planet of the Apes in 2017 . The films have grossed a total of over $2 billion worldwide , against a combined budget of $567.5 million . Other media and merchandising tie - ins include books , comics , video games , and toys .

Question: how many movies in the planet of the apes franchise

answer: Four sequels followed the original film between 1970 and 1973. A new reboot film series commenced in 2011 with Rise of the Planet of the Apes, which was followed by Dawn of the Planet of the Apes and War for the Planet of the Apes.
title: English Reformation
text: Few monasteries , chantries , and guilds were reinstated . `` Parish religion was marked by religious and cultural sterility , '' though some have observed enthusiasm , marred only by poor harvests that produced poverty and want . Full restoration of the Roman Catholic faith in England to its pre-Reformation state would take time . Consequently , Protestants secretly ministering to underground congregations , such as Thomas Bentham , were planning for a long haul , a ministry of survival . Mary 's death in November 1558 , childless and without having made provision for a Roman Catholic to succeed her , would undo her consolidation .

Question: the english ruler that attempted to restore catholicism was

answer: Full restoration of the Roman Catholic faith in England to its pre-Reformation state would take time and Mary's death in November 1558 undid her consolidation.