deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Whiskey Rebellion
text: The Whiskey Rebellion ( also known as the Whiskey Insurrection ) was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791 during the presidency of George Washington . The so - called `` whiskey tax '' was the first tax imposed on a domestic product by the newly formed federal government . It became law in 1791 , and was intended to generate revenue for the war debt incurred during the Revolutionary War . The tax applied to all distilled spirits , but American whiskey was by far the country 's most popular distilled beverage in the 18th century , so the excise became widely known as a `` whiskey tax '' . Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye , barley , wheat , corn , or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey . These farmers resisted the tax . In these regions , whiskey often served as a medium of exchange . Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution , in particular against taxation without local representation , while the federal government maintained that the taxes were the legal expression of Congressional taxation powers .

Question: who was involved in the whiskey rebellion and why were they protesting

answer: The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax protest in the United States beginning in 1791. Farmers of the western frontier were accustomed to distilling their surplus rye, barley, wheat, corn, or fermented grain mixtures into whiskey. These farmers resisted the tax.  Many of the resisters were war veterans who believed that they were fighting for the principles of the American Revolution, in particular against taxation without local representation.
title: Spanish–American War
text: President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20 , 1898 . In response , Spain severed diplomatic relations with the United States on April 21 . On the same day , the US Navy began a blockade of Cuba . On April 23 , Spain stated that it would declare war if the US forces invaded its territory . On April 25 , Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21 , the day the blockade of Cuba had begun . The United States sent an ultimatum to Spain demanding that it surrender control of Cuba , but due to Spain not replying soon enough , the United States assumed Spain had ignored the ultimatum and continued to occupy Cuba .

Question: when did the us declare war on spain

answer: President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898.  On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain.
answer: President McKinley signed a joint Congressional resolution demanding Spanish withdrawal and authorizing the President to use military force to help Cuba gain independence on April 20, 1898. On April 25, Congress declared that a state of war between the US and Spain and had de facto existed since April 21, the day the blockade of Cuba had begun.
title: Secession in the United States
text: The most famous secession movement was the case of the Southern states of the United States . Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states ( and failed in two others ) . The seceding states joined together to form the Confederate States of America ( CSA ) . The eleven states of the CSA , in order of secession , were : South Carolina ( seceded December 20 , 1860 ) , Mississippi ( seceded January 9 , 1861 ) , Florida ( seceded January 10 , 1861 ) , Alabama ( seceded January 11 , 1861 ) , Georgia ( seceded January 19 , 1861 ) , Louisiana ( seceded January 26 , 1861 ) , Texas ( seceded February 1 , 1861 ) , Virginia ( seceded April 17 , 1861 ) , Arkansas ( seceded May 6 , 1861 ) , North Carolina ( seceded May 20 , 1861 ) , and Tennessee ( seceded June 8 , 1861 ) . Secession was declared by its supporters in Missouri and Kentucky , but did not become effective as it was opposed by their pro-Union state governments . This secession movement brought about the American Civil War . The position of the Union was that the Confederacy was not a sovereign nation -- and never had been , but that `` the Union '' was always a single nation by intent of the states themselves , from 1776 onward -- and thus that a rebellion had been initiated by individuals . Historian Bruce Catton described President Abraham Lincoln 's April 15 , 1861 , proclamation after the attack on Fort Sumter , which defined the Union 's position on the hostilities :

Question: list of states that seceded during the civil war

answer: Secession from the United States was accepted in eleven states. The eleven states of the CSA were: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee.
title: Ejaculatory duct
text: Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens . As it passes by the seminal vesicles , a fluid rich in fructose combines with sperm . This addition nourishes the sperm in order to keep it active and motile . Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland , where an alkaline prostatic fluid is added . This addition provides the texture and odor associated with semen . The alkalinity of the prostatic fluid serves to neutralize the acidity of the female vaginal tract in order to prolong the survival of sperm in this harsh environment . Semen is now a fructose - rich , alkaline fluid containing sperm as it enters the bulbourethral glands below the prostate . The bulbourethral glands secrete a small amount of clear fluid into the urethra before the ejaculate is expelled . The functions of this fluid are not entirely known but are suggested to aid in lubricating the male urethra in preparation for the semen during ejaculation . The amount of semen produced and expelled during ejaculation corresponds to the length of time that the male is sexually aroused before ejaculation occurs . Generally , the longer the period of arousal , the larger the amount of seminal fluid .

Question: function of ejaculatory duct in male reproductive system

answer: Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens. Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland.
answer: Sperm is produced in the testes and enters the ejaculatory ducts via the vas deferens. Seminal fluid continues down the ejaculatory duct into the prostate gland.
title: (Don't Fear) The Reaper
text: The song features prominent use of the cowbell percussion instrument , overdubbed on the original recording . Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother , drummer Albert Bouchard , play the cowbell : `` Albert thought he was crazy . But he put all this tape around a cowbell and played it . It really pulled the track together . '' However , producer David Lucas says that he played it , a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom .

Question: who played cowbell on don't fear the reaper

answer: Bassist Joe Bouchard remembered the producer requesting his brother, drummer Albert Bouchard, play the cowbell on (Don't Fear) The Reaper. However, producer David Lucas says that he played it, a claim supported by guitarist Eric Bloom.
title: Chickenpox
text: Why the term was used is not clear but it may be due to it being a relatively mild disease . It has been said to be derived from chickpeas , based on resemblance of the vesicles to chickpeas , or to come from the rash resembling chicken pecks . Other suggestions include the designation chicken for a child ( i.e. , literally ' child pox ' ) , a corruption of itching - pox , or the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens . Samuel Johnson explained the designation as `` from its being of no very great danger '' .

Question: where does the name chicken pox come from

answer: Why the term was used is not clear. It has been said to be derived from either chickpeas or chicken for a child (i.e., literally 'child pox').
answer: Why the term was used is not clear. It has been said to be derived from chickpeas, the rash resembling chicken pecks, chicken for a child, the idea that the disease may have originated in chickens, or "its being of no very great danger."
title: Civil Constitution of the Clergy
text: Earlier legislation had already arranged the confiscation of the Catholic Church 's French land had been holdings and banned monastic vows . This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders , outlawing `` all regular and secular chapters for either sex , abbacies and priorships , both regular and in commendam , for either sex '' , etc . It also sought to settle the chaos caused by the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe . Additionally , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created . It emphasised that officials of the church could not provide commitment to anything outside France , specifically the Pope ( due to his power and the influence he had ) which was outside France . Lastly , the Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected . By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within .

Question: how did the civil constitution of the clergy reform the church in france

answer: The Civil Constitution of the Clergy regulated the current dioceses so that they could become more uniform and aligned with the administrative districts that had recently been created. This new law completed the destruction of the monastic orders, outlawing ``all regular and secular chapters for either sex, abbacies and priorships, both regular and in commendam, for either sex ''. It  settled the earlier confiscation of Church lands and the abolition of the tithe. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy made Bishops and Priests elected. By having members of the Clergy elected the church lost much of the authority it had to govern itself and was now subject to the people , since they would vote on the Priest and Bishops as opposed to these individuals being appointed by the church and the hierarchy within.
title: Republic (Plato)
text: For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V . The Republic is a dramatic dialogue , not a treatise . Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created . He builds a series of myths , or noble lies , to make the cities appear just , and these conditions moderate life within the communities . The `` earth born '' myth makes all men believe that they are born from the earth and have predestined natures within their veins . Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence . Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul . A result of this conception of justice separates people into three types ; that of the soldier , that of the producer , and that of a ruler . If a ruler can create just laws , and if the warriors can carry out the orders of the rulers , and if the producers can obey this authority , then a society will be just .

Question: how does plato define justice in the republic

answer: For over two and a half millennia , scholars have differed on the aptness of the city - soul analogy Socrates uses to find justice in Books II through V .Socrates ' definition of justice is never unconditionally stated , only versions of justice within each city are `` found '' and evaluated in Books II through Book V. Socrates constantly refers the definition of justice back to the conditions of the city for which it is created .Accordingly , Socrates defines justice as `` working at that which he is naturally best suited '' , and `` to do one 's own business and not to be a busybody '' ( 433a -- 433b ) and goes on to say that justice sustains and perfects the other three cardinal virtues : Temperance , Wisdom , and Courage , and that justice is the cause and condition of their existence . Socrates does not include justice as a virtue within the city , suggesting that justice does not exist within the human soul either , rather it is the result of a `` well ordered '' soul .
title: Pinky ring
text: At times , pinky rings have been worn with the intent to convey a message or indicate affiliation . Ben Bowen wore one for a day to show jackpots he was a boss player . During the Victorian era , both single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand . Especially in the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity . Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia . Movies such as Little Caesar and The Godfather contributed to the association of this style of jewellery with organized crime .

Question: what is the meaning of wearing a ring on pinky finger

answer: During the Victorian era, single men and women uninterested in pursuing marriage could wear a ring on the little finger of their left hand.
Grifters were thought to wear such rings, sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death, as were made men in the American Mafia.
answer: As an indication they were not interested in pursuing marriage, some single men and women wore a ring on the little finger of their left hand during the Victorian era. In the United States , pinky rings also developed an association with criminal activity. Grifters were thought to wear such rings , sometimes to provide their associates with a source of funding for their funeral expenses in case of their death , as were made men in the American Mafia .
title: Dan in Real Life
text: The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , and Providence in November and December 2006 . The opening scene was filmed at Seven Stars Bakery in Providence . However , the facade of the building and the interior are altered . The first time Dan is pulled over by the Jamestown , Rhode Island police , he is on Ocean Ave Newport , Rhode Island . The second time Dan is pulled over by Mackerel Cove in Jamestown . In scenes filmed in Jamestown , two bridges are clearly visible : the Jamestown Bridge and its replacement , the Jamestown - Verrazzano Bridge . Demolition of the Jamestown Bridge was initiated on April 18 , 2006 . The film also cast local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence as Dan 's nieces and nephews . The date scene was filmed in two different places in Westerly . The inside shots were filmed at Alley Katz Bowling center , while the exterior shots were filmed at Misquamicut Beach . What is now the Windjammer was dressed to look like the outside of the bowling center . The sunset scene with the entire family on the beach was filmed at Napatree Point in Westerly .

Question: where did they film dan in real life

answer: The opening scene was in New Jersey and then Rhode Island in the cities of Newport, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, Jamestown, Westerly, and Providence, as well as Middletown, North Kingstown and North Providence.
Beach scenes were filmed at Misquamicut Beach and Napatree Point.
answer: Dan in Real Life was filmed in New Jersey, Rhode Island in the cities of Newport , East Greenwich , West Greenwich , Jamestown , Westerly , Providence,  Seven Stars Bakery in Providence, Jamestown, local residents of neighboring towns and cities consisting of Middletown , North Kingstown and North Providence, Alley Katz Bowling center, Misquamicut Beach, and Napatree Point in Westerly .
title: Planet of the Apes (1968 film)
text: Filming began on May 21 , 1967 , and ended on August 10 , 1967 . Most of the early scenes of a desert - like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon , the Colorado River , Lake Powell , Glen Canyon and other locations near Page , Arizona Most scenes of the ape village , interiors and exteriors , were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park , northwest of Los Angeles , essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox . The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard with cliffs that towered 130 feet above the shore . Reaching the beach on foot was virtually impossible , so cast , crew , film equipment , and even horses had to be lowered in by helicopter . The home movies of Roddy McDowall ( on YouTube ) show makeup , the Ape Village set and the beach site / set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove for access to the beach set . The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach , between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu . As noted in the documentary Behind the Planet of the Apes , the special effect shot of the half - buried statue was achieved by seamlessly blending a matte painting with existing cliffs . The shot looking down at Taylor was done from a 70 - foot scaffold , angled over a 1 / 2 - scale papier - mache model of the Statue . The actors in Planet of the Apes were so affected by their roles and wardrobe that , when not shooting , they automatically segregated themselves with the species they were portraying .

Question: where was the movie planet of the apes filmed

answer: Most of the early scenes of a desert-like terrain were shot in northern Arizona near the Grand Canyon, the Colorado River, Lake Powell, Glen Canyon and other locations near Page, Arizona. Most scenes of the ape village, interiors and exteriors, were filmed on the Fox Ranch in Malibu Creek State Park, northwest of Los Angeles, essentially the backlot of 20th Century Fox. The concluding beach scenes were filmed on a stretch of California seacoast between Malibu and Oxnard. The Ape Village set and the beach site/set - a wooden ramp was built around the point from Westward Beach to Pirates Cove. The remains of the Statue of Liberty were shot in a secluded cove on the far eastern end of Westward Beach, between Zuma Beach and Point Dume in Malibu.
title: Reconstructive memory
text: Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences . Rather , it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions . Essentially , the constructive memory process functions by encoding the patterns of physical characteristics that are perceived by the individual , as well as the interpretive conceptual and semantic functions that act in response to the incoming information . By utilizing multiple interdependent cognitive processes there is never a single location in the brain where a given complete memory trace of an experience is stored . In this manner , the various features of the experience must be joined together to form a coherent representation of the episode and if this binding process fails it can result in source memory failure , where later attempted retrieval of the episode results in fragmented recollection and an inability to consolidate the information into a cohesive narrative of a past experience . During the recall of Episodic memory , the information that a person remembers is usually limited in scope , ultimately giving an incomplete recollection of an event . By employing reconstructive processes , individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version , albeit one that is often distorted .

Question: o why is memory considered an active reconstructive process

answer: Memory is never a literal recount of past experiences, it is dependent on the constructive processes present at the time of encoding that are subject to potential errors and distortions. By employing reconstructive processes, individuals supplement other aspects of available personal knowledge into the gaps found in episodic memory in order to provide a fuller and more coherent version, albeit one that is often distorted.
title: Caste system in India
text: The caste system as it exists today is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the British colonial regime in India . The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings , priests and ascetics , affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal , and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities . The British Raj furthered this development , making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration . Between 1860 and 1920 , the British segregated Indians by caste , granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes . Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy . From then on , the colonial administration began a policy of positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes .

Question: factors responsible for growth of caste system in india

answer: The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.
Between 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to the upper castes.
title: Friends
text: In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . Before their salary negotiations for the third season , the cast decided to enter collective negotiations , despite Warner Bros . ' preference for individual deals . The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member , meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten , making Aniston , Cox , and Kudrow the highest - paid TV actresses of all time . The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations . At the time , that financial benefit of a piece of the show 's lucrative back - end profits had only been given out to stars who had ownership rights in a show , like Jerry Seinfeld and Bill Cosby .

Question: how much money did david schwimmer make on friends

answer: In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The stars were paid $75,000 per episode in season three , $85,000 in season four , $100,000 in season five , $125,000 in season six , $750,000 in seasons seven and eight , and $1 million in seasons nine and ten.The cast also received syndication royalties beginning in 2000 after renegotiations .
answer: In their original contracts for the first season , cast members were paid $22,500 per episode . The cast members received different salaries in the second season , beginning from the $20,000 range to $40,000 per episode . The actors were given the salary of the least paid cast member, meaning Aniston and Schwimmer had their salaries reduced.
title: Dismissal (cricket)
text: In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) . At this point , a batsman must discontinue batting and leave the field permanently for the innings . A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out ) the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) . As the players bat in pairs , when only one person is undismissed , it is not possible for them to bat any longer .

Question: how many wickets needed to dismiss a team in cricket

answer: In the sport of cricket , a dismissal occurs when the batsman is out ( also known as the fielding side taking a wicket and / or the batting side losing a wicket ) . A bowling team dismisses ( or bowls out ) the entire batting team by dismissing 10 of the 11 players ( assuming player ( s ) from the batting team have not retired hurt or are absent ) .
title: The Tortilla Curtain
text: In the midst of the escalating disasters , América gives birth to Socorro , a daughter , who she suspects might be blind . But the couple has no money to see the doctor . Delaney stalks Cándido back to their shack . He carries a gun , but does not intend to kill Cándido with it . Meanwhile , América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped , as she suspects that the baby 's blindness was caused by a venereal disease transmitted by the rapist . Just as she is telling him this , Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido about the forest fire , when the shack is knocked over in a landslide . Cándido and América manage to save themselves , but Socorro drowns in a river . The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river . Time and again in the novel , however , it is hinted at that the real perpetrators can be found inside rather than outside the projected wall : well - to - do people insensitive to the plight of the have - nots .

Question: what happens at the end of tortilla curtain

answer: América gives birth to Socorro. América tells Cándido about the night when she was raped. Just as she is telling him this, Delaney finds their shack and is about to confront Cándido, when the shack is knocked over in a landslide. Cándido and América manage to save themselves, but Socorro drowns in a river. The book ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river.
answer: The Tortilla Curtain ends with Cándido helping Delaney out of the river .
title: Jennifer Jareau
text: In `` The Crossing '' , JJ told Will that she was pregnant with his child . He later asked her to marry him , and indicated that he was willing to give up his detective 's shield in order to help take care of the baby and allow JJ to continue to do her job , though he was worried about her safety and the safety of their child . JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry . Will transfers to the MPDC , and the family live together in Washington . In later seasons , toddler Henry is portrayed by actress A.J. Cook 's real - life son Mekhai Andersen . JJ and Will named Reid and Technical Analyst Penelope Garcia as Henry 's godparents . When JJ returned from maternity leave , she and Will had exchanged rings with Henry 's birthstone , but did not seem to be officially engaged , as she wore her ring on her right hand , not the left . In the season seven finale , JJ tearfully asked Will to propose to her again , and they married the following evening in a small ceremony in David Rossi 's backyard .

Question: when does jj give birth in criminal minds

answer: In `` The Crossing '' ,  JJ later told Hotch she had found a temporary replacement for the duration of her maternity leave , and soon after gave birth to a baby boy named Henry .
title: Jamestown, Virginia
text: The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas . It was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg . William Kelso writes that Jamestown `` is where the British Empire began '' . It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 . It followed several failed attempts , including the Lost Colony of Roanoke , established in 1585 on Roanoke Island . Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 .

Question: when was the colony of jamestown started and where was it located

answer: The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was located on the east bank of the Powhatan ( James ) River about 2.5 mi ( 4 km ) southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg . It was established by the Virginia Company of London as `` James Fort '' on May 4 , 1607 O.S. ; ( May 14 , 1607 N.S. ) , and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610 . Jamestown served as the capital of the colony of Virginia for 83 years , from 1616 until 1699 .
answer: The Jamestown settlement in the Colony of Virginia was located on the east bank of the Powhatan (James) River about 2.5 mi southwest of the center of modern Williamsburg. It was established by the Virginia Company of London as ``James Fort'' on May 4, 1607 O.S.; and was considered permanent after brief abandonment in 1610.
title: History of democracy
text: The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India . It was the birthplace of 24th and last Tirthankara in Jainism , named Mahavira . Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans , who were themselves considered the founders of Western civilization by the 18th century intellectuals who attempted to leverage these early democratic experiments into a new template for post-monarchical political organization . The extent to which these 18th century democratic revivalists succeeded in turning the democratic ideals of the ancient Greeks and Romans into the dominant political institution of the next 300 years is hardly debatable , even if the moral justifications they often employed might be . Nevertheless , the critical historical juncture catalyzed by the resurrection of democratic ideals and institutions fundamentally transformed the ensuing centuries and has dominated the international landscape since the dismantling of the final vestige of empire following the end of the Second World War .

Question: who introduced the concept of democracy in government

answer: The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom ( Ganarajya ) where king was chosen by people 's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji , Vaishali in ancient India. Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans .
answer: The oldest known existence of a democratic kingdom where a king was chosen by people's votes can be traced way back in 599 BC at Vajji, Vaishali in ancient India. Democracy is generally associated with the efforts of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
title: Red River War
text: The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche , Kiowa , Southern Cheyenne , and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory . Lasting only a few months , the war had several army columns crisscross the Texas Panhandle in an effort to locate , harass , and capture highly mobile Indian bands . Most of the engagements were small skirmishes in which neither side suffered many casualties . The war wound down over the last few months of 1874 , as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field . Though the last significantly sized group did not surrender until mid-1875 , the war marked the end of free - roaming Indian populations on the southern Great Plains .

Question: how did the red river war end indian resistance on the plains

answer: The Red River War was a military campaign launched by the United States Army in 1874 to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern Plains and forcibly relocate them to reservations in Indian Territory. The war wound down over the last few months of 1874, as fewer and fewer Indian bands had the strength and supplies to remain in the field.
title: The Good Old Days (UK TV series)
text: The audience dressed in period costume and joined in the singing , especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show . The show was compered by Leonard Sachs , who introduced the acts from a desk situated at the side of the stage . In the course of its run it featured about 2,000 performers . Each show was up to an hour long . All acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts .

Question: down at the old bull and bush tv show

answer: The audience was dressed in period costume and joined in the singing, especially `` Down at the Old Bull and Bush '' which closed the show.
All acts were in the style of late Victorian / Edwardian stage acts.
answer: The song Down at the Old Bull and Bush closed the show Good Old Days.
title: William Tyndale
text: Eventually , Tyndale was betrayed by Henry Phillips to the imperial authorities , seized in Antwerp in 1535 , and held in the castle of Vilvoorde ( Filford ) near Brussels . He was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death , despite Thomas Cromwell 's intercession on his behalf . Tyndale `` was strangled to death while tied at the stake , and then his dead body was burned '' . His final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord ! Open the King of England 's eyes . '' The traditional date of commemoration is 6 October , but records of Tyndale 's imprisonment suggest that the actual date of his execution might have been some weeks earlier . Foxe gives 6 October as the date of commemoration ( left - hand date column ) , but gives no date of death ( right - hand date column ) . Biographer David Daniell states the date of death only as `` one of the first days of October 1536 '' .

Question: who said god open the eyes of the king of england

answer: William Tyndale was tried on a charge of heresy in 1536 and was condemned to be burned to death. His final words, spoken ``at the stake with a fervent zeal, and a loud voice'', were reported as ``Lord ! Open the King of England's eyes''.
answer: William Tyndale's final words , spoken `` at the stake with a fervent zeal , and a loud voice '' , were reported as `` Lord ! Open the King of England 's eyes . ''
title: Stefan Salvatore
text: Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire . However , Damon returns to Mystic Falls , too , and also falls in love with Elena . Further on in the series , Damon and Stefan start to bond as brothers again and it becomes apparent that they do love each other . Because of his addiction to human blood , Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series , which made him weaker than other vampires . In season two , Stefan starts to take small amounts of Elena 's blood each day to mitigate its effect on him and to increase his strength . When Katherine returns it is discovered that she had always loved Stefan and not Damon ; however , Stefan is in love with Elena and not interested in Katherine . Stefan starts to build a friendship with Caroline Forbes after she is turned into a vampire . After Klaus gives Stefan his blood to save Damon from a werewolf bite , he turns Stefan into a Ripper again .

Question: when does stefan stop drinking human blood in season 1

answer: Stefan and Elena begin a relationship and he revealed to her that he is a vampire. Because of his addiction to human blood, Stefan only drank animal blood in the beginning of the series.
title: Breakfast at Tiffany's (film)
text: The next morning , Holly is released on bail and finds Paul waiting , and they take a cab . He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest . Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain . Paul confronts Holly about his love and her behavior , then gets out of the cab in the pouring rain and leaves , tossing the engraved Cracker Jack ring into her lap and telling her to examine her life . She goes through a decision making moment , puts on the ring , and runs after Paul , who has gone looking for the cat . She searches the alley and finally finds the cat . Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss .

Question: what happens to the cat in breakfast at tiffany's

answer: He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest . Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway , asks the cab to pull over , and releases the cat into the rain . Paul and Holly stand in the rain , and with the cat tucked into Holly 's coat , look into each other 's eyes and share a kiss .
answer: He has her cat and a letter from José explaining he must end their relationship due to her arrest. Holly insists she will go to Brazil anyway, asks the cab to pull over and releases the cat into the rain. She runs after Paul, who has gone looking for the cat. She finds the cat. Paul and Holly stand in the rain, and with the cat tucked into Holly's coat, look into each other's eyes and share a kiss.
title: Cell cycle
text: The cell cycle or cell - division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA ( DNA replication ) to produce two daughter cells . In bacteria , which lack a cell nucleus , the cell cycle is divided into the B , C , and D periods . The B period extends from the end of cell division to the beginning of DNA replication . DNA replication occurs during the C period . The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the splitting of the bacterial cell into two daughter cells . In cells with a nucleus , as in eukaryotes , the cell cycle is also divided into three periods : interphase , the mitotic ( M ) phase , and cytokinesis . During interphase , the cell grows , accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis , preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA . During the mitotic phase , the chromosomes separate . During the final stage , cytokinesis , the chromosomes and cytoplasm separate into two new daughter cells . To ensure the proper division of the cell , there are control mechanisms known as cell cycle checkpoints .

Question: during what phase of cell cycle is dna replicated

answer: In bacteria, which lack a cell nucleus, the cell cycle is divided into the B, C and D periods. DNA replication occurs during the C period. In cells with a nucleus, as in eukaryotes, the cell cycle is also divided into three periods: interphase, the mitotic (M) phase and cytokinesis. During interphase, the cell grows, preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA.
title: Wish You Were Here (Pink Floyd song)
text: Lyrically , the song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett . However , on the documentary The Story of Wish You Were Here , Gilmour and Waters separately describe the original concept that differs from this interpretation . Waters , who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour 's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition , describes the lyrics as being directed at himself , as his lyrics often are . Being present in one 's own life and freeing one 's self in order to truly experience life is a main topic in this song . Gilmour , on the other hand , recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett . Waters later adds that the song is nevertheless open to interpretation .

Question: pink floyd wish you were here lyric meaning

answer: Waters, who mainly wrote the lyrics complementing Gilmour's initial riff idea and subsequent joint composition, describes the lyrics as being directed at himself, as his lyrics often are. The song is often considered to be a direct tribute to Syd Barrett and Gilmour recognizes that he does not ever perform the song without remembering Syd Barrett.
title: Orchestra
text: A full - size orchestra may sometimes be called a symphony orchestra or philharmonic orchestra . The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue . The term chamber orchestra ( and sometimes concert orchestra ) usually refers to smaller - sized ensembles of about fifty musicians or fewer . Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music of , for example , Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel , or Classical repertoire , such as that of Haydn and Mozart , tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire , such as the symphonies of Johannes Brahms . The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries , reaching a peak with the large orchestras ( of as many as 120 players ) called for in the works of Richard Wagner , and later , Gustav Mahler . In recent decades some orchestras have returned to the Baroque , Classical and Early Romantic seating of musicians ; second violins to the right , cellos and violas to the center which gives the music a stereophonic effect .

Question: how the size of the orchestra has changed

answer: The typical orchestra grew in size throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, reaching a peak with large orchestras of as many as 120 players. Now the actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians, depending on the work being played and the size of the venue.
answer: The actual number of musicians employed in a given performance may vary from seventy to over one hundred musicians , depending on the work being played and the size of the venue. Orchestras that specialize in the Baroque music tend to be smaller than orchestras performing a Romantic music repertoire.
title: That '70s Show (season 8)
text: The eighth and final season of the American comedy television series That ' 70s Show premiered November 2 , 2005 on Fox in the United States . The season ended on May 18 , 2006 with an hour - long series finale . The eighth season was the only season without the show 's star Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman , the central character , since he left the series at the end of the previous season . Eric was often mentioned throughout the season , even being an important off - stage character central to an episode 's plot upon occasion . Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode , although his role was brief and uncredited .

Question: why is eric not in season 8 of that 70s show

answer: The eighth season was the only season without Topher Grace who portrayed Eric Forman, since he left the series at the end of the previous season. Topher Grace returned as Eric for the final episode, although his role was brief and uncredited.
title: Australia 2022 FIFA World Cup bid
text: Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup . On 2 December 2010 FIFA announced that the event would be held in Qatar . Australia also lodged a bid for the 2018 World Cup , but withdrew the bid on 10 June 2010 . The 2018 and 2022 World Cups will be the 21st and 22nd editions of the FIFA World Cup . The bidding procedure to host both the 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cup began in January 2009 , and national associations had until 2 February 2009 to register their interest . The bid was presented by Frank Lowy , Ben Buckley , Quentin Bryce and Elle Macpherson . However , due to controversies of Qatar hosting , Australia 's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar 's 2022 hosting rights . Australia

Question: when is australia hosting the fifa world cup

answer: Australia submitted an unsuccessful bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but due to controversies of Qatar hosting, Australia's bid is possible if FIFA decides to strip Qatar's 2022 hosting rights.
title: Impeachment in the United States
text: Impeachment in the United States is an enumerated power of the legislature that allows formal charges to be brought against a civil officer of government for crimes alleged to have been committed . Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes . The actual trial on such charges , and subsequent removal of an official upon conviction , is separate from the act of impeachment itself . Impeachment proceedings have been initiated against several presidents of the United States . Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate . The impeachment process against Richard Nixon was never completed , as Nixon resigned his office before the vote of the full House for impeachment , but such a vote was widely expected to pass , and the threat of it and a subsequent conviction in the Senate was the impetus for Nixon 's departure . To date , no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction . The impeached official continues in office until conviction .

Question: who will hold the trial of an official who has been impeached

answer: Most impeachments have concerned alleged crimes committed while in office , though there have been a few cases in which Congress has impeached and convicted officials partly for prior crimes . Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached by the House of Representatives , and both were later acquitted by the Senate .
answer: Congress has impeached and convicted officials, mostly for alleged crimes committed while in office, though there have been a few cases of convictions for prior crimes. The  House of Representatives impeached Andrew Johnson and Bill Clinton, they are the only two presidents to have been successfully impeached, but both were later acquitted by the Senate.
title: Tabla
text: The head of each drum has a central area of `` tuning paste '' called the syahi ( lit . `` ink '' ; a.k.a. shāī or gāb ) . This is constructed using multiple layers of a paste made from starch ( rice or wheat ) mixed with a black powder of various origins . The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum 's natural overtones , resulting in the clarity of pitch ( see inharmonicity ) and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument which has a bell - like sound . The skill required for the proper construction of this area is highly refined and is the main differentiating factor in the quality of a particular instrument .

Question: why do the tabla drums have a black spot in the middle of the drum head

answer: A Tabla drum has a central area of ``tuning paste'' called the syahi. The precise construction and shaping of this area is responsible for modification of the drum's natural overtones, resulting in the clarity of pitch and variety of tonal possibilities unique to this instrument.