deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Hawaii (island)
text: Hawaiʻi ( English : / həˈwaɪ. i , - ji , - ʔi / ( listen ) hə - WY - ( y ) ee ; Hawaiian : ( həˈvɐjʔi ) ) is the largest island located in the U.S. state of Hawaii . It is the largest and the southeastern-most of the Hawaiian Islands , a chain of volcanic islands in the North Pacific Ocean . With an area of 4,028 square miles ( 10,430 km ) , it is larger than all of the other islands in the archipelago combined and is the largest island in the United States . However , it only has 13 % of Hawaii 's people . The island of Hawaii is the third largest island in Polynesia , behind the two main islands of New Zealand .

Question: how many square miles is the big island of hawaii

answer: Hawaiʻi with an area of 4,028 square miles (10,430 km), it is larger than all of the other islands in the archipelago combined.
answer: Hawaiʻi has an area of 4,028 square miles.
title: History of coal mining
text: The Industrial Revolution , which began in Britain in the 18th century , and later spread to continental Europe , North America , and Japan , was based on the availability of coal to power steam engines . International trade expanded exponentially when coal - fed steam engines were built for the railways and steamships during the Victorian era . Coal was cheaper and much more efficient than wood fuel in most steam engines . As central and Northern England contains an abundance of coal , many mines were situated in these areas as well as the South Wales coalfield and Scotland . The small - scale techniques were unsuited to the increasing demand , with extraction moving away from surface extraction to deep shaft mining as the Industrial Revolution progressed .

Question: where was coal found in the industrial revolution

answer: The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the 18th century, and later spread to continental Europe, North America, and Japan, was based on the availability of coal to power steam engines.   As central and Northern England contains an abundance of coal, many mines were situated in these areas as well as the South Wales coalfield and Scotland.
title: Kenya
text: The first direct elections for native Kenyans to the Legislative Council took place in 1957 . Despite British hopes of handing power to `` moderate '' local rivals , it was the Kenya African National Union ( KANU ) of Jomo Kenyatta that formed a government . The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963 with independence being conferred on all of Kenya . The United Kingdom ceded sovereignty over the Colony of Kenya . The Sultan of Zanzibar agreed that simultaneous with independence for the Colony of Kenya , the Sultan would cease to have sovereignty over the Protectorate of Kenya so that all of Kenya would be one sovereign , independent state . In this way , Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom . Exactly 12 months later on 12 December 1964 , Kenya became a republic under the name `` Republic of Kenya '' .

Question: when did the country of kenya come into existence

answer: The Colony of Kenya and the Protectorate of Kenya each came to an end on 12 December 1963 with independence being conferred on all of Kenya . Kenya became an independent country under the Kenya Independence Act 1963 of the United Kingdom .
title: The Star-Spangled Banner
text: When the National Anthem was first recognized by law in 1931 , there was no prescription as to behavior during its playing . On June 22 , 1942 , the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing , while others should simply stand at attention , men removing their hats . ( The same code also required that women should place their hands over their hearts when the flag is displayed during the playing of the Anthem , but not if the flag was not present . ) On December 23 , 1942 , the law was again revised instructing men and women to stand at attention and face in the direction of the music when it was played . That revision also directed men and women to place their hands over their hearts only if the flag was displayed . Those in uniform were required to salute . On July 7 , 1976 , the law was simplified . Men and women were instructed to stand with their hands over their hearts , men removing their hats , irrespective of whether or not the flag was displayed and those in uniform saluting . On August 12 , 1998 , the law was rewritten keeping the same instructions , but differentiating between `` those in uniform '' and `` members of the Armed Forces and veterans '' who were both instructed to salute during the playing whether or not the flag was displayed . Because of the changes in law over the years and confusion between instructions for the Pledge of Allegiance versus the National Anthem , throughout most of the 20th century many people simply stood at attention or with their hands folded in front of them during the playing of the Anthem , and when reciting the Pledge they would hold their hand ( or hat ) over their heart . After 9 / 11 , the custom of placing the hand over the heart during the playing of the Anthem became nearly universal .

Question: where did standing for the national anthem originate

answer: On June 22, 1942, the law was revised indicating that those in uniform should salute during its playing, while others should simply stand at attention , men removing their hats.
title: United States two-dollar bill
text: The United States two - dollar bill ( $2 ) is a current denomination of U.S. currency . The third U.S. President ( 1801 -- 09 ) , Thomas Jefferson , is featured on the obverse of the note . The reverse features an engraving of the painting The Declaration of Independence by John Trumbull . Throughout the $2 bill 's pre-1929 life as a large - sized note , it was issued as a United States Note , National Bank Note , silver certificate , Treasury or `` Coin '' Note and Federal Reserve Bank Note . When U.S. currency was changed to its current size , the $2 bill was issued only as a United States Note . Production went on until 1966 , when the series was discontinued . Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued as a Federal Reserve Note with a new reverse design . Two - dollar bills are seldom seen in circulation as a result of banking policies with businesses which has resulted in low production numbers due to lack of demand . This comparative scarcity in circulation , coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation , has also inspired urban legends and occasionally has created problems for people trying to use the bill to make purchases .

Question: when did they stop printing $2 bills

answer: The $2 bill was issued as a United States Note until 1966, when the series was discontinued. Ten years passed before the $2 bill was reissued. It is scarce in circulation, coupled with a lack of public knowledge that the bill is still in production and circulation.
title: Leo Wyatt
text: When Leo returned , Phoebe discovered him levitating to change a light bulb and he confessed the truth to her . He also told her that as much as he loved Piper , he did not think their relationship could continue ; witches and Whitelighters are not meant to be together . He was later shot by a Darklighter 's poison arrow while attempting to protect one of his charges . He went to the manor for aid , where Prue and Piper learned he was a Whitelighter . Piper used a spell to switch powers with Leo , so she could heal him . Piper then confessed she still loved him , but unfortunately Leo is still unconscious due to the poisoned arrow . Leo 's `` trigger '' to make the healing power work was love , and because of Pipers confession , he was healed . Leo offered to give up being a Whitelighter to be with Piper , but she did not want him to turn away from his calling .

Question: when does phoebe find out leo is a whitelighter

answer: When Leo returned, Phoebe discovered him levitating to change a light bulb and he confessed the truth to her that he was a Whitelighter.
title: Environmental issues in Delhi
text: Overpopulation and the ensuing overuse of scarce resources such as water put heavy pressure on the environment . The city suffers from air pollution caused by road dust and industry , with comparatively smaller contributions from unclean engines in transportation , especially diesel - powered city buses and trucks , and 2 - wheelers and 3 - wheelers with two - stroke engines. Another known cause of pollution is slow moving traffic due to pedestrians crossing the road just about anywhere . Noise pollution comes mainly from motorcycle and automobile traffic . Water pollution and a lack of solid waste treatment facilities have caused serious damage to the river on whose banks Delhi grew , the Yamuna . Besides human and environmental damage , pollution has caused economic damage as well ; Delhi may have lost the competition to host the 2014 Asian Games because of its poor environment .

Question: where is the pollution in delhi coming from

answer: Delhi suffers from air pollution caused by road dust and industry, with comparatively smaller contributions from unclean engines in transportation, especially diesel powered city buses and trucks, and 2 wheelers and 3 wheelers with two-stroke engines. Another known cause of pollution is slow moving traffic due to pedestrians crossing the road just about anywhere. Water pollution and a lack of solid waste treatment facilities have caused serious damage to the river on whose banks Delhi grew, the Yamuna.
title: Barrett (name)
text: Barrett ( sometimes spelled Barret or Barratt ) is a surname that has been associated with several different people , places and organisations . Barrett is a popular Anglo - Irish surname , in both south - east and south - west England . It is most common in the Irish counties of Mayo and Galway but particularly County Cork , and within England , East Anglia , especially Norfolk . The Gaelic version of the name is Barόid in the south and Bairéid in the west . The Barretts of Ireland first appeared following the Norman invasion . As with many other Anglo - Norman families , they were quickly assimilated into Irish culture . Another translation for Barrett is `` warlike people . ''

Question: where does the last name barrett come from

answer: Barrett is a popular Anglo-Irish surname, in both south-east and south-west England. The Barretts of Ireland first appeared following the Norman invasion.
title: Happy Birthday to You
text: None of the early appearances of the `` Happy Birthday to You '' lyrics included credits or copyright notices . The Summy Company registered a copyright in 1935 , crediting authors Preston Ware Orem and Mrs. R. R. Forman . In 1988 , Warner / Chappell Music purchased the company owning the copyright for US $ 25 million , with the value of `` Happy Birthday '' estimated at US $ 5 million . Based on the 1935 copyright registration , Warner claimed that the United States copyright will not expire until 2030 , and that unauthorized public performances of the song are illegal unless royalties are paid to Warner . In one specific instance in February 2010 , these royalties were said to amount to US $ 700 . By one estimate , the song is the highest - earning single song in history , with estimated earnings since its creation of US $ 50 million . In the European Union , the copyright for the song expired on January 1 , 2017 .

Question: who owns the copyright to the happy birthday song

answer: The Summy Company registered a copyright in 1935, crediting authors Preston Ware Orem and Mrs. R. R. Forman.
 In 1988, Warner/Chappell Music purchased the company owning the copyright for US $ 25 million.  Warner claimed that the United States copyright will not expire until 2030, however, in the European Union, the copyright for the song expired on January 1, 2017.
title: Elvis Presley
text: In September 1941 , Presley entered first grade at East Tupelo Consolidated , where his instructors regarded him as `` average '' . He was encouraged to enter a singing contest after impressing his schoolteacher with a rendition of Red Foley 's country song `` Old Shep '' during morning prayers . The contest , held at the Mississippi -- Alabama Fair and Dairy Show on October 3 , 1945 , was his first public performance . Ten - year - old Presley was dressed as a cowboy ; he stood on a chair to reach the microphone and sang `` Old Shep '' . He recalled placing fifth . A few months later , Presley received his first guitar for his birthday ; he had hoped for something else -- by different accounts , either a bicycle or a rifle . Over the following year , he received basic guitar lessons from two of his uncles and the new pastor at the family 's church . Presley recalled , `` I took the guitar , and I watched people , and I learned to play a little bit . But I would never sing in public . I was very shy about it . ''

Question: when did elvis presley get his first guitar

answer: The contest, held at the Mississippi -- Alabama Fair and Dairy Show on October 3, 1945, was his first public performance.  A few months later, Presley received his first guitar for his birthday.
answer: A few months after the contest , held at the Mississippi -- Alabama Fair and Dairy Show on October 3 , 1945, Presley received his first guitar for his birthday.
title: Poverty in India
text: There are several definitions of poverty , and scholars disagree as to which definition is appropriate for India . Inside India , both income - based poverty definition and consumption - based poverty statistics are in use . Outside India , the World Bank and institutions of the United Nations use a broader definition to compare poverty among nations , including India , based on purchasing power parity ( PPP ) , as well as nominal relative basis . Each state in India has its own poverty threshold to determine how many people are below its poverty line and to reflect regional economic conditions . These differences in definition yield a complex and conflicting picture about poverty in India , both internally and when compared to other developing countries of the world .

Question: what is the definition of poor in india

answer: Inside India , both income - based poverty definition and consumption - based poverty statistics are in use .Each state in India has its own poverty threshold to determine how many people are below its poverty line and to reflect regional economic conditions .
title: The Matrix Reloaded
text: The Matrix Reloaded was largely filmed at Fox Studios in Australia , filming began on March 1st , 2001 and ended on August 21st , 2002 , concurrently with filming of the sequel , Revolutions . The freeway chase and `` Burly Brawl '' scenes were filmed at the decommissioned Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda , California . The producers constructed a 1.5 - mile freeway on the old runways specifically for the film . Some portions of the chase were also filmed in Oakland , California , and the tunnel shown briefly is the Webster Tube , which connects Oakland and Alameda . Some post-production editing was also done in old aircraft hangars on the base as well . The city of Akron , Ohio was willing to give full access to Route 59 , the stretch of freeway known as the `` Innerbelt '' , for filming of the freeway chase when it was under consideration . However , producers decided against this as `` the time to reset all the cars in their start position would take too long '' . MythBusters would later reuse the Alameda location in order to explore the effects of a head - on collision between two semi trucks , and to perform various other experiments . Around 97 % of the materials from the sets of the film were recycled after production was completed ; for example , tons of wood were sent to Mexico to build low - income housing . Some scenes from the film Baraka by Ron Fricke were selected to represent the real world shown by the wallmonitors in the Architect 's room . The scene where The Oracle ( Gloria Foster ) appears was filmed before her death on September 29 , 2001 .

Question: where was the matrix reloaded freeway scene filmed

answer: The freeway chase and `` Burly Brawl '' scenes were filmed at the decommissioned Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda , California .Some portions of the chase were also filmed in Oakland , California , and the tunnel shown briefly is the Webster Tube , which connects Oakland and Alameda .
answer: The Matrix Reloaded freeway scene was filmed at the decommissioned Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda , California. Some portions of the chase were also filmed in Oakland , California , and the tunnel shown briefly is the Webster Tube , which connects Oakland and Alameda .
title: Great Basin
text: The hydrographic Great Basin is a 209,162 - square - mile ( 541,730 km ) area that drains internally . All precipitation in the region evaporates , sinks underground or flows into lakes ( mostly saline ) . As observed by Fremont , creeks , streams , or rivers find no outlet to either the Gulf of Mexico or the Pacific Ocean . The region is bounded by the Wasatch Mountains to the east , the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges to the west , and the Snake River Basin to the north . The south rim is less distinct . The Great Basin includes most of Nevada , half of Utah , substantial portions of Oregon and California and small areas of Idaho , Wyoming , and Mexico . The term `` Great Basin '' is slightly misleading ; the region is actually made up of many small basins . The Great Salt Lake , Pyramid Lake , and the Humboldt Sink are a few of the `` drains '' in the Great Basin . The Salton Sink is another closed basin within the Great Basin .

Question: where is the great basin on a map

answer: The Great Basin includes most of Nevada, half of Utah, substantial portions of Oregon and California and small areas of Idaho, Wyoming and Mexico. The region is bounded by the Wasatch Mountains to the east, the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Ranges to the west and the Snake River Basin to the north.
title: Qaumi Taranah
text: The Qaumi Taranah ( Urdu : قومی ترانہ ‬ ‎ , Qaumī Tarānah pronounced ( ˈqɔː. mi ˈt̪ə. rɑː. nɑ ) , lit . `` National Anthem '' ) , also known as Pāk Sarzamīn ( Urdu : پاک سرزمین ‬ ‎ , pronounced ( ˈpɑːk ˈsər. zə. miːn ) , lit . `` The Sacred Land '' ) , is the national anthem of Pakistan . Its music was composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949 , preceding the lyrics , which were written by Hafeez Jullundhri in 1952 . It was officially adopted as Pakistan 's national anthem in August 1954 and was recorded in the same year by eleven major singers of Pakistan including Ahmad Rushdi , Kaukab Jahan , Rasheeda Begum , Najam Ara , Naseema Shaheen , Zawar Hussain , Akhtar Abbas , Ghulam Dastagir , Anwar Zaheer and Akhtar Wasi Ali .

Question: when was the national anthem of pakistan written

answer: The Qaumi Taranah  ``The Sacred Land'', is the national anthem of Pakistan. Its music was composed by Ahmad G. Chagla in 1949, preceding the lyrics, which were written by Hafeez Jullundhri in 1952.
title: Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
text: The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 ( Pub. L. 90 -- 351 , 82 Stat. 197 , enacted June 19 , 1968 , codified at 34 U.S.C. § 10101 et seq . ) was legislation passed by the Congress of the United States and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson that established the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ( LEAA ) . Title III of the Act set rules for obtaining wiretap orders in the United States . It had been started shortly after November 22 , 1963 when evidence in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy increased public alertness to the relative lack of control over the sale and possession of guns in the United States .

Question: what is the omnibus crime control and safe streets act of 1968

answer: The Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 was legislation passed by the Congress of the United States and signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson that established the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration ( LEAA ).
title: Special police
text: In Massachusetts , Special Police Officers are either similar to reserve or part - time police officers and part of a regular police department or they are Special State Police Officers and are part of a college or university police force . Special Police Officers attend and graduate from the MA Municipal Police Training Council Reserve & Intermittent Police Officers Academy There are also a plethora of special police officers who work in the city of Boston ; these officers either work directly for the city ( school police , municipal protective service , health commission police , housing police , or BFD arson investigators ) or for private security companies . The city of Boston requires some of these agencies to attend a non-state approved academy , that is only 160 hours . The state requires all reserve / intermittent officers to complete 372.5 hours of training , with an additional 20 hours for those carrying a weapon .

Question: what is a special police officer in massachusetts

answer: In Massachusetts, Special Police Officers are either similar to reserve or part - time police officers and part of a regular police department or they are Special State Police Officers and are part of a college or university police force.  The state requires all reserve/intermittent officers to complete 372.5 hours of training, with an additional 20 hours for those carrying a weapon.
title: Gemma (botany)
text: The production of gemmae is a widespread means of asexual reproduction in both liverworts and mosses . In liverworts such as Marchantia , the flattened plant body or thallus is a haploid gametophyte with gemma cups scattered about its upper surface . The gemma cups are cup - like structures containing gemmae . The gemmae are small discs of haploid tissue , and they directly give rise to new gametophytes . They are dispersed from gemma cups by rainfall .

Question: the importance of gemma cups in marchantia sp

answer: In liverworts such as Marchantia , the flattened plant body or thallus is a haploid gametophyte with gemma cups scattered about its upper surface . The gemmae are small discs of haploid tissue , and they directly give rise to new gametophytes .
answer: In Marchantia , the thallus is a haploid gametophyte with gemma cups, which directly give rise to new gametophytes .
title: Little Lion Man
text: It 's a very personal story , so I wo n't elaborate upon too much . Suffice to say , it was a situation in my life I was n't very happy with or proud of ... and sometimes when you ca n't describe a feeling with your own words , it 's almost easier to express in a song . And then , when you get asked about the songs , it 's quite difficult to explain . It 's a conundrum -- you do n't want to seem self - indulgent explaining yourself ; it 's always awkward . Which is weird again , because it 's never awkward actually singing them . I suppose the song should stand on its own and people draw their own interpretation from the words . But for me , personally , it 's the lyrics that I listen to again and again in a song . I place specific importance on them . I ca n't write lyrics unless I really feel them and mean them , which can sometimes be quite frustrating -- because if you 're not feeling much at the time , you 're stuck .

Question: meaning of little lion man by mumford and sons

answer: It's a very personal story.  It was a situation in my life I wasn't very happy with or proud of ...  It's quite difficult to explain.
title: War of 1812
text: American expansion into the Northwest Territory was being obstructed by various Indian tribes since the end of the Revolution , who were supplied and encouraged by the British . Americans on the western frontier demanded that interference be stopped . There is dispute , however , over whether or not the American desire to annex Canada brought on the war . Several historians believe that the capture of Canada was intended only as a means to secure a bargaining chip , which would then be used to force Britain to back down on the maritime issues . It would also cut off food supplies for Britain 's West Indian colonies , and temporarily prevent the British from continuing to arm the Indians . However , many historians believe that a desire to annex Canada was a cause of the war . This view was more prevalent before 1940 , but remains widely held today . Congressman Richard Mentor Johnson told Congress that the constant Indian atrocities along the Wabash River in Indiana were enabled by supplies from Canada and were proof that `` the war has already commenced ... I shall never die contented until I see England 's expulsion from North America and her territories incorporated into the United States . '' James

Question: what was the rationale behind the american invasion of canada

answer: There is dispute over whether or not the American desire to annex Canada brought on the war . Several historians believe that the capture of Canada was intended only as a means to secure a bargaining chip , which would then be used to force Britain to back down on the maritime issues . However , many historians believe that a desire to annex Canada was a cause of the war .
title: Iliad
text: Some scholars believe that the gods may have intervened in the mortal world because of quarrels they may have had among each other . Homer interprets the world at this time by using the passion and emotion of the gods to be determining factors of what happens on the human level . An example of one of these relationships in the Iliad occurs between Athena , Hera , and Aphrodite . In the final book of the poem Homer writes , `` He offended Athena and Hera -- both goddesses . '' Athena and Hera are envious of Aphrodite because of a beauty pageant on Mount Olympus in which Paris chose Aphrodite to be the most beautiful goddess over both Hera and Athena . Wolfgang Kullmann further goes on to say , `` Hera 's and Athena 's disappointment over the victory of Aphrodite in the Judgement of Paris determines the whole conduct of both goddesses in The Iliad and is the cause of their hatred for Paris , the Judge , and his town Troy . '' Hera and Athena then continue to support the Achaean forces throughout the poem because Paris is part of the Trojans , while Aphrodite aids Paris and the Trojans . The emotions between the goddesses often translate to actions they take in the mortal world . For example , in Book 3 of The Iliad , Paris challenges any of the Achaeans to a single combat and Menelaus steps forward . Menelaus was dominating the battle and was on the verge of killing Paris . `` Now he 'd have hauled him off and won undying glory but Aphrodite , Zeus 's daughter was quick to the mark , snapped the rawhide strap . '' Aphrodite intervened out of her own self - interest to save Paris from the wrath of Menelaus because Paris had helped her to win the beauty pageant . The partisanship of Aphrodite towards Paris induces constant intervention by all of the gods , especially to give motivational speeches to their respective proteges , while often appearing in the shape of a human being they are familiar with . This connection of emotions to actions is just one example out of many that occur throughout the poem .

Question: what is the final event in the iliad

answer: Athena and Hera are envious of Aphrodite because of a beauty pageant on Mount Olympus in which Paris chose Aphrodite to be the most beautiful goddess over both Hera and Athena.   Hera and Athena then continue to support the Achaean forces throughout the poem because Paris is part of the Trojans, while Aphrodite aids Paris and the Trojans.  Aphrodite intervened out of her own self - interest to save Paris from the wrath of Menelaus.
title: Mairi Campbell
text: Campbell initially gained prominence as one half of the folk band The Cast , alongside her husband David Francis , with whom she has had a long and fruitful collaboration . Their debut album The Winnowing was released in 1994 . The album includes their version of Auld Lang Syne which was featured on the soundtrack of the 2008 movie Sex and the City . The song can be heard during the New Year 's scene of the film , accompanying a montage of the main characters ' activities that night . The Cast recorded another two albums : Colours of Lichen in 1996 and Green Gold in 2007 .

Question: who sang auld lang syne in sex and the city movie

answer: Mairi Campbell initially gained prominence as one half of the folk band The Cast. Their album includes their version of Auld Lang Syne which was featured on the soundtrack of the 2008 movie Sex and the City.
title: Melbourne Cup
text: Entries for the Melbourne Cup usually close during the first week of August . The initial entry fee is $600 per horse . Around 300 to 400 horses are nominated each year , but the final field is limited to 24 starters . Following the allocation of weights , the owner of each horse must on four occasions before the race in November , declare the horse as an acceptor and pay a fee . First acceptance is $960 , second acceptance is $1,450 and third acceptance is $2,420 . The final acceptance fee , on the Saturday prior to the race , is $45,375 . Should a horse be balloted out of the final field , the final declaration fee is refunded .

Question: cost to enter a horse in the melbourne cup

answer: The initial entry fee is $600 per horse. The owner of each horse must on four occasions before the race in November, declare the horse as an acceptor and pay a fee.  First acceptance is $960, second acceptance is $1,450 and third acceptance is $2,420.  The final acceptance fee, on the Saturday prior to the race, is $45,375.
title: Original sin
text: The concept of original sin was first alluded to in the 2nd century by Irenaeus , Bishop of Lyon in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics . Other church fathers such as Augustine also developed the doctrine , seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle ( Romans 5 : 12 -- 21 and 1 Corinthians 15 : 22 ) and the Old Testament verse of Psalms 51 : 5 . Tertullian , Cyprian , Ambrose and Ambrosiaster considered that humanity shares in Adam 's sin , transmitted by human generation . Augustine 's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers , such as Martin Luther and John Calvin , who equated original sin with concupiscence ( or `` hurtful desire '' ) , affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom . The Jansenist movement , which the Catholic Church declared to be heretical , also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will . Instead the Catholic Church declares `` Baptism , by imparting the life of Christ 's grace , erases original sin and turns a man back towards God , but the consequences for nature , weakened and inclined to evil , persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle . '' `` Weakened and diminished by Adam 's fall , free will is yet not destroyed in the race ''

Question: where did the doctrine of original sin come from

answer: Augustine also developed the doctrine, seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle. Augustine's formulation of original sin was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin with concupiscence, affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom.
title: Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
text: Overseas , the film was released in 48 countries between June 6 and June 8 , 2018 , including France , Germany , South Korea , the United Kingdom , Italy , Russia , and Spain , and was projected to gross $130 -- 145 million in its opening weekend . It made $20.2 million on its first day , including $1.4 million in France and $1 million in Indonesia . In South Korea , it grossed $9.7 million ( ₩ 10.3 billion ) and sold over 1 million tickets , setting opening day records for both ( beating The Mummy 's ₩ 7.4 billion and Avengers : Infinity War 's 980,000 , respectively ) . It went on to have an international debut of $151.1 million , including $8 million from IMAX screenings . Its largest opening markets were South Korea ( $27.2 million ) , the UK ( $19.9 million ) , France ( $10 million ) , Spain ( $9.5 million ) and Germany ( $9.1 million ) . In China , the film was released on June 15 and made $34.4 million ( ¥ 220 million ) on its opening day , nearly double the first day total of its predecessor ( $17.5 million ) . It went on to open to $111.9 million ( ¥ 715 million ) , the fourth best - ever in the country for a Hollywood release ( behind The Fate of the Furious , Avengers : Infinity War and Transformers : The Last Knight ) , and bringing the film 's two week international total to $372.1 million , more than the entire lifetime gross of Jurassic Park III ( $368 million ) . In its third week of international release the film made $106.7 million , bringing its total to $561.5 million . China remained one of the top markets with $32.4 million ( a standard 71 % drop for Hollywood films in the country ) , while it was also released in Mexico ( $12.3 million ) , Brazil ( $9.2 million ) and Australia $7.9 million ) . As of July 5 , 2018 , the film has grossed $245.5 million in China , making it the 5th highest grossing Hollywood film of all - time in the country .

Question: when does jurassic world 2 come out in mexico

answer: Overseas, the film was released in 48 countries between June 6 and June 8, 2018. In its third week of international release the film was also released in Mexico.
title: Carolina Panthers
text: The Panthers were announced as the league 's 29th franchise in 1993 , and began play in 1995 under original owner and founder Jerry Richardson . The Panthers played well in their first two years , finishing 7 -- 9 in 1995 ( an all - time best for an NFL expansion team 's first season ) and 12 -- 4 the following year , winning the NFC West before ultimately losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion Green Bay Packers in the NFC Championship Game . They did not have another winning season until 2003 , when they won the NFC Championship Game and reached Super Bowl XXXVIII , losing 32 -- 29 to the New England Patriots . After recording playoff appearances in 2005 and 2008 , the team failed to record another playoff appearance until 2013 , the first of three consecutive NFC South titles . After losing in the divisional round to the San Francisco 49ers in 2013 and the Seattle Seahawks in 2014 , the Panthers returned to the Super Bowl in 2015 , but lost to the Denver Broncos . The Panthers have reached the playoffs seven times , advancing to four NFC Championship Games and two Super Bowls . They have won six division titles , one in the NFC West and five in the NFC South .

Question: who did the panthers play in the super bowl

answer: The Panthers have reached two Super Bowls: one with New England Patriots in 2003 and another with the Denver Broncos in 2015.
title: Dasht-e Kavir
text: Dasht - e Kavir ( Persian : دشت كوير ‎ ‎ , lit . ' Low Plains ' in classical Persian , from khwar ( low ) , and dasht ( plain ) , flatland ) , also known as Kavir - e Namak ( lit . ' salty lowlands ' ) and the Great Salt Desert , is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian plateau . It is about 800 km ( 500 mi ) by 320 km ( 200 mi ) with a total surface area of about 77,600 km ( 30,000 sq mi ) , making it the Earth 's 26th largest desert . The area of this desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north - west to the Dasht - e Lut in the south - east and is partitioned between the Iranian provinces of Khorasan , Semnan , Tehran , Isfahan and Yazd

Question: where is the dasht e kavir desert located on a map

answer: Dasht-e Kavir is a large desert lying in the middle of the Iranian plateau.  The area of this desert stretches from the Alborz mountain range in the north - west to the Dasht - e Lut in the south - east and is partitioned between the Iranian provinces of Khorasan, Semnan, Tehran, Isfahan and Yazd.
title: Death in Paradise (TV series)
text: British detective Richard Poole ( Ben Miller ) is assigned to investigate the murder of a British police officer on the fictional Caribbean island of Saint Marie . After he successfully finds the murderer , he is reluctantly required by his supervisors to replace the victim and stay on as the detective inspector ( DI ) of the island , solving new cases as they appear , and being the object of many fish - out - of - water jokes . At the start of Series 3 , Poole is killed and maladroit London detective Humphrey Goodman ( Kris Marshall ) arrives to investigate the death of his strait - laced predecessor . He then stays in the job as chief investigator on the island . In the second half of Series 6 , he resigns so he can stay in London with his new girlfriend Martha Lloyd . His replacement on Saint Marie is DI Jack Mooney , played by Ardal O'Hanlon .

Question: who is the detective in death in paradise

answer: British detective Richard Poole ( Ben Miller ) is assigned to investigate the murder of a British police officer on the fictional Caribbean island of Saint Marie .At the start of Series 3 , Poole is killed and maladroit London detective Humphrey Goodman ( Kris Marshall ) arrives to investigate the death of his strait - laced predecessor . His replacement on Saint Marie is DI Jack Mooney , played by Ardal O'Hanlon after he resigned.
title: Gatekeeping (communication)
text: Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination , whether for publication , broadcasting , the Internet , or some other mode of communication . The academic theory of gatekeeping is founded in multiple fields of study , including communication studies , journalism , political science , and sociology . It was originally focused on the mass media with its few - to - many dynamic but now gatekeeping theory also addresses face - to - face communication and the many - to - many dynamic inherent in the Internet . The theory was first instituted by social psychologist Kurt Lewin in 1943 . Gatekeeping occurs at all levels of the media structure -- from a reporter deciding which sources are chosen to include in a story to editors deciding which stories are printed or covered , and includes media outlet owners and even advertisers . Individuals can also act as gatekeepers , deciding what information to include in an email or in a blog .

Question: in the process of publishing information what is gatekeeping and why is it significant

answer: Gatekeeping is the process through which information is filtered for dissemination, whether for publication, broadcasting, the Internet, or some other mode of communication.  It is significant because gatekeeping occurs at all levels of the media structure, as well as individuals.
title: Voting rights in the United States
text: The United States Constitution did not originally define who was eligible to vote , allowing each state to determine who was eligible . In the early history of the U.S. , most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote . Freed slaves could vote in four states . Women were largely prohibited from voting , as were men without property . Women could vote in New Jersey until 1807 ( provided they could meet the property requirement ) and in some local jurisdictions in other northern states . Non-white Americans could also vote in these jurisdictions , provided they could meet the property requirement . By 1856 , white men were allowed to vote in all states regardless of property ownership , although requirements for paying tax remained in five states . On the other hand , several states , including Pennsylvania and New Jersey stripped the free black males of the right to vote in the same period .

Question: who had the right to vote in the colonial america

answer: In the early history of the U.S., most states allowed only white male adult property owners to vote.
 By 1856, white men were allowed to vote in all states regardless of property ownership, although requirements for paying tax remained in five states.
title: Solicitor General of India
text: The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India , who is the Indian government 's chief legal advisor , and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India . The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years . The Solicitor General of India is the secondary law officer of the country , assists the Attorney General , and is himself assisted by several Additional Solicitors General of India . Ranjit Kumar is the present Solicitor General who was appointed so on 7 June 2014 Like the Attorney General for India , the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General advise the Government and appear on behalf of the Union of India in terms of the Law Officers ( Terms and Conditions ) Rules , 1972 . However , unlike the post of Attorney General for India , which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India , the posts of the Solicitor General and the Additional Solicitors General are merely statutory . Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General . Whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President under Article 76 ( 1 ) of the Constitution , the solicitor general of India is appointed to assist the attorney general along with four additional solicitors general by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet . The proposal for appointment of Solicitor General , Additional Solicitor General is generally moved at the , level of Joint secretary / Law Secretary in the Department of Legal Affairs and after obtaining the approval of the Minister of Law & Justice , the proposal is sent to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet for its approval . He resigned from his position on 20 October 2017 .

Question: difference between solicitor general and attorney general of india

answer: The Solicitor General of India is below the Attorney General for India, who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor and its primary lawyer in the Supreme Court of India.  The Solicitor General of India is appointed for the period of 3 years and the secondary law officer of the country assisting the Attorney General.     Unlike the post of Attorney General for India, which is a Constitutional post under Article 76 of the Constitution of India, the post of the Solicitor General is merely statutory.   Appointments Committee of the Cabinet appoints the Solicitor General whereas Attorney General for India is appointed by the President.
title: Decline of Detroit
text: `` Detroit rose and fell with the automobile industry . '' Before the advent of the automobile , Detroit was a small , compact , regional manufacturing center . In 1900 Detroit had a population of 285,000 , the thirteenth largest city in the U.S. Over the following decades , the growth of the automobile industry , including affiliated activities such as parts manufacturing , came to dwarf all other manufacturing in the city . The industry drew in a million new residents to the city . At Ford Motor 's iconic and enormous River Rouge plant alone , opened in 1927 in Dearborn , there were over 90,000 workers .

Question: when did the auto industry start in detroit

answer: In 1900, over the following decades, the growth of the automobile industry including affiliated activities such as parts manufacturing came to dwarf all other manufacturing in Detroit.   At Ford Motor's iconic and enormous River Rouge plant alone, opened in 1927 in Dearborn, there were over 90,000 workers.
answer: In 1900 and over the following decades, the growth of the automobile industry including affiliated activities such as parts manufacturing came to dwarf all other manufacturing in Detroit. At Ford Motor's iconic and enormous River Rouge plant alone, opened in 1927 in Dearborn, there were over 90,000 workers.
title: The Goldbergs (2013 TV series)
text: The Goldbergs is an American television period sitcom that premiered on Tuesday , September 24 , 2013 on ABC . The series was created by Adam F. Goldberg and stars Wendi McLendon - Covey , Jeff Garlin , Sean Giambrone , Troy Gentile , Hayley Orrantia , and George Segal . The show is produced by Goldberg , Seth Gordon , and Doug Robinson . It is based on Goldberg 's childhood and family in the 1980s , complete with a childhood version of himself . The fourth season premiered on September 21 , 2016 . In May 2017 , ABC renewed the series for a fifth and sixth season . The fifth season premiered on September 27 , 2017 .

Question: who is the tv show the goldbergs based on

answer: The Goldbergs (2013 TV series) was created by Adam F. Goldberg and is based on Goldberg's childhood and family in the 1980s.
title: Cult of Chucky
text: Nica is visited by Tiffany Valentine , the legal guardian of her niece , Alice . Tiffany reveals that Alice has died and leaves her a Good Guy doll , which she claims was a gift from Alice . That night , Chucky awakens and discovers that Nica has attempted suicide . The next morning , Nica finds that her wrists have been stitched up , with a message stating `` not so fast . '' She discovers that Angela has died , with the message `` Chucky did it '' in her blood . After realizing that Valentine was the last name of Charles Lee Ray 's girlfriend , Nica begins to believe that Chucky is real . Believing Madeleine is in danger , Nica has Malcolm try to warn her . However , Madeline throws both the doll and Malcolm into an empty grave . The orderlies rescue Malcolm , but it is implied that Chucky has transferred his soul into his body . Chucky kills Claire next . Andy learns about the murders online and realizes that Chucky has somehow managed to transfer his soul into multiple bodies at once .

Question: how are there 2 chuckys in cult of chucky

answer: Madeline throws both the doll and Malcolm into an empty grave. The orderlies rescue Malcolm, but it is implied that Chucky has transferred his soul into his body. Andy learns about the murders online and realizes that Chucky has somehow managed to transfer his soul into multiple bodies at once.
title: History of United States–Middle East economic relations
text: The Middle East has been a region of geopolitical and economic significance to the world far before American involvement in the area . This was largely because the `` Middle East contained or bordered on the land bridges , passageways , and narrows -- the Sinai isthmus , the Caucuses , the Strait of Gibraltar , the Dardanelles , Bab el Mandeb , and the Strait of Hormuz -- and the sheltered seas -- the Mediterranean , the Black Sea , the Caspian Sea , the Red Sea , and the Persian Gulf -- that provided the best routes connecting the different extremities of the vast Eurasian / African continent . '' The value of being a prominent player in the region was therefore obvious to the United States as well as to several other Western powers including Great Britain and France . In addition to its pivotal geographic location in the world , the abundance of oil in the Middle East has probably played the biggest role in issues of foreign policy and international relations . The United States needed Middle Eastern oil and Middle Eastern nations needed Western capital and technology . This mutually beneficial but dependent relationship would forge strong alliances but also be the cause of harsh conflicts .

Question: what strategic political and economic interests did the us have in the middle east

answer: The Middle East contained or bordered on the land bridges, passageways, and narrows that provided the best routes connecting the different extremities of the vast Eurasian/African continent.''  In addition to its pivotal geographic location in the world, the abundance of oil in the Middle East has probably played the biggest role in issues of foreign policy and international relations. The United States needed Middle Eastern oil and Middle Eastern nations needed Western capital and technology.
answer: The value of being a prominent player in the region was obvious to the United States, which needed Middle Eastern oil while Middle Eastern nations needed Western capital and technology. This mutually beneficial dependent relationship would forge strong alliances.