deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: William Beaumont
text: By August 1825 , Beaumont had been relocated to Fort Niagara in New York , and Alexis St. Martin had come with him . Beaumont recognized that he had in St. Martin an unusual opportunity to observe digestive processes . Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis . In September , Alexis St. Martin ran away from Dr. Beaumont and moved to Canada , leaving Beaumont to concentrate on his duties as an army surgeon but Dr. Beaumont had him caught to continue to exhibit him . Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .

Question: who discovered the working of stomach and how

answer: Dr. Beaumont began to perform experiments on digestion using the stomach of St. Martin . Most of the experiments were conducted by tying a piece of food to a string and inserting it through the hole into St. Martin 's stomach . Every few hours , Beaumont would remove the food and observe how well it had been digested . Beaumont also extracted a sample of gastric acid from St. Martin 's stomach for analysis .Beaumont also used samples of stomach acid taken out of St. Martin to `` digest '' bits of food in cups . This led to the important discovery that the stomach acid , and not solely the mashing , pounding and squeezing of the stomach , digests the food into nutrients the stomach can use ; in other words , digestion was primarily a chemical process and not a mechanical one .
title: Super Bowl
text: The game was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . It was agreed that the two leagues ' champion teams would play in the AFL -- NFL World Championship Game until the merger was to officially begin in 1970 . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion . Currently , the National Football Conference ( NFC ) leads the league with 27 wins to 25 wins for the American Football Conference ( AFC ) . The Pittsburgh Steelers have the most Super Bowl championship titles , with six . The New England Patriots have the most Super Bowl appearances , with ten . Charles Haley and Tom Brady both have five Super Bowl rings , which is the record for the most rings won by a single player .

Question: how do they figure out who goes to super bowl

answer: Super Bowl was created as part of a merger agreement between the NFL and its then - rival league , the American Football League ( AFL ) . After the merger , each league was redesignated as a `` conference '' , and the game has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL 's league champion .
answer: After the merger between the NFL and the AFL, each league was redesignated as a `` conference '', and the Super Bowl has since been played between the conference champions to determine the NFL's league champion.
title: Peña (surname)
text: Peña or de la Peña is a Spanish habitation surname . The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages . The earliest public record of the surname dates to the 13th century in the Valley de Mena ( Burgos ) in the Kingdom of Castile . The origin of the last name is in present - day Galicia , Spain . The Peñas lived , originally , near a cliff or rocky land . Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''

Question: where does the last name peña originate from

answer: The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages.
Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning `` rock , '' `` crag '' or `` cliff . ''
answer: The origin of the surname can be traced directly to the Middle Ages. Records indicate that the name derives from the Spanish word peña meaning "rock," "crag" or "cliff "
title: Klondike (solitaire)
text: For a standard game of Klondike , drawing three cards at a time and placing no limit on the number of re-deals , the number of possible hands is over 7067800000000000000 ♠ 8 × 10 , or an 8 followed by 67 zeros . About 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Note that these results depend on complete knowledge of the positions of all 52 cards , which a player does not possess . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver . The issue is that a wrong move can not be known in advance whenever more than one move is possible . The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % . In addition , some games are `` unplayable '' in which no cards can be moved to the foundations even at the start of the game ; these occur in only 0.25 % ( 1 in 400 ) of hands dealt .

Question: what is the average percentage of wins in solitaire

answer: In Klondike (solitaire), about 79 % of the games are theoretically winnable , but in practice , human players do not win 79 % of games played , due to wrong moves that cause the game to become unwinnable . If one allows cards from the foundation to be moved back to the tableau , then between 82 % and 91.5 % are theoretically winnable . Another recent study has found the Draw 3 , Re-Deal Infinite to have a 83.6 % win rate after 1000 random games were solved by a computer solver .  The number of games a skilled player can probabilistically expect to win is at least 43 % .
title: Magic bullet (medicine)
text: In 1906 Ehrlich developed a new derivative of arsenic compound , which he code - named Compound 606 ( the number representing the series of all his tested compounds ) . The compound was effective against malaria infection in experimental animals . In 1905 , Fritz Schaudinn and Erich Hoffmann identified a spirochaete bacterium ( Treponema pallidum ) as the causative organism of syphilis . With this new knowledge , Ehrlich tested Compound 606 ( chemically arsphenamine ) on a syphilis - infected rabbit . He did not recognise its effectiveness . Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 he found that the rabbit , which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose , the rabbit showed no adverse effect . ( The normal treatment procedure of syphilis at the time involved two to four years routine injection with mercury . ) Ehrlich , after receiving this information , performed experiments on human patients with the same success . After convincing clinical trials , the compound number 606 was given a trade name `` Salvarsan '' , a portmanteau for `` saving arsenic '' . Salvarsan was commercially introduced in 1910 , and in 1913 , a less toxic form `` Neosalvarsan '' ( Compound 914 ) was released in the market . These drugs became the principal treatments of syphilis until the arrival of penicillin and other novel antibiotics towards the middle of the 20th century . Ehrlich 's research on the magic bullet was the foundation of pharmaceutical research .

Question: why was salvarsan considered to be a magic bullet for the treatment of syphilis

answer: Sahachiro Hata went over Ehrlich 's work and found on 31 August 1909 that the rabbit, which had been injected with Salvarsan 606 was cured using only a single dose and showed no adverse effect. Ehrlich, after receiving this information, performed experiments on human patients with the same success.
title: Underworld (film series)
text: Underworld is a series of action horror films directed by Len Wiseman , Patrick Tatopoulos , Måns Mårlind , Björn Stein , and Anna Foerster . The first film , Underworld , was released in 2003 . It tells the story of Selene ( Kate Beckinsale ) , a vampire who works as a Death Dealer , killing the lycans who allegedly slaughtered her family . The second film , Underworld : Evolution , was released in 2006 . In this film , Selene takes Michael Corvin , a lycan / vampire hybrid , to a vampire safehouse and plans to return to Viktor 's estate to awaken another elder Markus , whom they discover is the first Vampire and a powerful enemy . The third film , Underworld : Rise of the Lycans , is the prequel to the series , chronicling the origins of the vampire - lycan war ( it was released on January 23 , 2009 ) . The fourth film , Underworld : Awakening , is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20 , 2012 . In this film , humans have discovered the existence of the vampire and lycan clans , and are trying to eradicate both species . A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24 , 2016 , and in the United States on January 6 , 2017 .

Question: in what order do you watch the underworld movies

answer: The first film, Underworld, was released in 2003.
The second film, Underworld: Evolution  was released in 2006.
 The third film, Underworld : Rise of the Lycans, is the prequel to the series, chronicling the origins of the vampire-lycan war (it was released on January 23, 2009).
The fourth film, Underworld : Awakening, is the sequel to Underworld : Evolution and was released on January 20, 2012.
A fifth film titled Underworld : Blood Wars was released internationally on November 24, 2016, and in the United States on January 6, 2017.
title: Love Story (Taylor Swift song)
text: A castle was chosen for the video 's setting . Personnel researched numerous castles in the United States and were unable to locate one in sufficient condition for filming . They had considered traveling to Europe to find a castle , but were then informed about a castle south of Nashville , Tennessee . Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . Wardrobe for the video was supplied by Jacquard Fabrics , excluding Swift 's dress for the balcony scene . The dress was designed by Sandi Spika with inspiration and suggestions from Swift . `` She loves to put her input in her dresses '' , stated Spika . The two had discussed the dress two months prior to the filming of the video . Accentuates were made on the video set . The video was filmed in two days in August 2008 in Tennessee . On the first day , the balcony and field scenes were shot . On the set , someone had replaced the playback CD with a high - pitch , altered version of the song . As a result , Swift lent the crew her iPod to play the original track . While filming another scene , sunset was about to occur and , therefore , the process was executed rather rapidly . For the scene , Fanjoy suggested a kiss between Swift and Gaston , but Swift refused to because she believed it would make for a sweeter moment . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed . Swift learned the choreography for the latter in fifteen minutes prior to filming . Approximately 20 dancers were used for the scene .

Question: where was the love story music video filmed

answer: Named Castle Gwynn , a castle that is part of the Tennessee Renaissance Festival , both located in Arrington , Tennessee , it was built in 1973 and chosen as the video 's setting . On the second day , scenes at Cumberland University in Lebanon , Tennessee and at a ballroom were filmed .
answer: The video of the song Love Story was filmed in both Castle Gwynn and Cumberland University in Tennessee.
title: History of evolutionary thought
text: In 1858 Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace published a new evolutionary theory , explained in detail in Darwin 's On the Origin of Species ( 1859 ) . Unlike Lamarck , Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life , meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor . Darwin based his theory on the idea of natural selection : it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry , biogeography , geology , morphology , and embryology . Debate over Darwin 's work led to the rapid acceptance of the general concept of evolution , but the specific mechanism he proposed , natural selection , was not widely accepted until it was revived by developments in biology that occurred during the 1920s through the 1940s . Before that time most biologists regarded other factors as responsible for evolution . Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' ( c. 1880 to 1920 ) included inheritance of acquired characteristics ( neo-Lamarckism ) , an innate drive for change ( orthogenesis ) , and sudden large mutations ( saltationism ) . Mendelian genetics , a series of 19th - century experiments with pea plant variations rediscovered in 1900 , was integrated with natural selection by Ronald Fisher , J.B.S. Haldane , and Sewall Wright during the 1910s to 1930s , and resulted in the founding of the new discipline of population genetics . During the 1930s and 1940s population genetics became integrated with other biological fields , resulting in a widely applicable theory of evolution that encompassed much of biology -- the modern synthesis .

Question: briefly describe two ideas about evolution that were proposed in the 18th century

answer: Unlike Lamarck, Darwin proposed common descent and a branching tree of life, meaning that two very different species could share a common ancestor.
 Alternatives to natural selection suggested during `` the eclipse of Darwinism '' (c. 1880 to 1920) included inheritance of acquired characteristics (neo-Lamarckism), an innate drive for change (orthogenesis), and sudden large mutations (saltationism .
title: Fall of the Western Roman Empire
text: Relevant dates include 117 CE , when the Empire was at its greatest territorial extent , and the accession of Diocletian in 284 . Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others . In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons . Further barbarians crossed the Rhine and other frontiers , and like the Goths were never killed , expelled or subjected . The armed forces of the Western Empire became few and ineffective , and despite brief recoveries under able leaders , central rule was never effectively consolidated . By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman . Barbarians had established their own power in most of the area of the Western Empire . While its legitimacy lasted for centuries longer and its cultural influence remains today , the Western Empire never had the strength to rise again . The Eastern Empire survived , and though lessened in strength remained for centuries an effective power of the Eastern Mediterranean .

Question: when did the fall of the roman empire begin

answer: Irreversible major territorial loss , however , began in 376 with a large - scale irruption of Goths and others .In 395 , after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire , still plagued by Goths , divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons .By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains that could still be described as Roman .
answer: The Empire faced a major territorial loss in 376 and in 395, after winning two destructive civil wars , Theodosius I died , leaving a collapsing field army and the Empire divided between the warring ministers of his two incapable sons. By 476 when Odoacer deposed the Emperor Romulus , the Western Roman Emperor wielded negligible military , political , or financial power and had no effective control over the scattered Western domains.
title: Tar Heel
text: The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports early in the state 's history . For a time after the American Civil War , the name Tar Heel was derogatory , but it was later reappropriated by the people of North Carolina . Because the exact history of the term is unknown , a number of legends have developed to explain it . One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' . The term `` Tar Heel '' gained popularity during the Civil War .

Question: where did the term tar heels come from

answer: The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown, but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar, pitch and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina's most important exports early in the state's history. It was a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War, because of the state's importance on the Confederate side, and the fact that the troops ``stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels''.
answer: The exact etymology of the nickname is unknown , but most folklore believe its roots come from the fact that tar , pitch , and turpentine created from the vast pine forests were some of North Carolina 's most important exports.
A number of legends have developed to explain the nickname. One such legend claims it to be a nickname given during the U.S. Civil War , because of the state 's importance on the Confederate side , and the fact that the troops `` stuck to their ranks like they had tar on their heels '' .
title: The Rocky Horror Picture Show
text: The Rocky Horror Picture Show is a 1975 musical science - fiction horror - comedy film by 20th Century Fox produced by Lou Adler and Michael White and directed by Jim Sharman . The screenplay was written by Sharman and actor Richard O'Brien , who is also a member of the cast . The film is based on the 1973 musical stage production The Rocky Horror Show , with music , book , and lyrics by O'Brien . The production is a parody tribute to the science fiction and horror B movies of the 1930s through to the early 1970s . Along with O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions .

Question: who starred in the original rocky horror picture show

answer: Along with Richard O'Brien , the film stars Tim Curry , Susan Sarandon , and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre , Roxy Theatre , and Belasco Theatre productions .
answer: Along with Richard O'Brien, the film stars Tim Curry, Susan Sarandon and Barry Bostwick and is narrated by Charles Gray with cast members from the original Royal Court Theatre, Roxy Theatre and Belasco Theatre productions.
title: History of the Knights Templar
text: The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day , highly trained , well - equipped and highly motivated ; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle , unless outnumbered three to one , and even then only by order of their commander , or if the Templar flag went down . Not all Knights Templar were warriors . The mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines . There were actually three classes within the orders . The highest class was the knight . When a candidate was sworn into the order , the initiation made the knight a monk . They wore white robes . The knights could hold no property and receive no private letters . He could not be married or betrothed and can not have any vow in any other Order . He could not have debt more than he could pay , and no infirmities . The Templar priest class was similar to the modern day military chaplain . Wearing green robes , they conducted religious services , led prayers , and were assigned record keeping and letter writing . They always wore gloves , unless they were giving Holy Communion . The mounted men - at - arms represented the most common class , and they were called `` brothers '' . They were usually assigned two horses each and held many positions , including guard , steward , squire or other support vocations . As the main support staff , they wore black or brown robes and were partially garbed in chain mail or plate mail . The armor was not as complete as the knights . Because of this infrastructure , the warriors were well - trained and very well armed . Even their horses were trained to fight in combat , fully armored . The combination of soldier and monk was also a powerful one , as to the Templar knights , martyrdom in battle was one of the most glorious ways to die .

Question: what was the purpose of the knights of the templar

answer: The Knights Templar were the elite fighting force of their day, highly trained, well - equipped and highly motivated; one of the tenets of their religious order was that they were forbidden from retreating in battle, unless outnumbered three to one, and even then only by order of their commander, or if the Templar flag went down.
The mission of most of the members was one of support -- to acquire resources which could be used to fund and equip the small percentage of members who were fighting on the front lines .
title: Saudi Arabia
text: Saudi Arabia ( / ˌsɔːdi əˈreɪbiə / ( listen ) , / ˌsaʊ - / ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ( KSA ) , is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . With a land area of approximately 2,150,000 km ( 830,000 sq mi ) , Saudi Arabia is geographically the fifth - largest state in Asia and second - largest state in the Arab world after Algeria . Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north , Kuwait to the northeast , Qatar , Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east , Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south . It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba . It is the only nation with both a Red Sea coast and a Persian Gulf coast and most of its terrain consists of arid desert and mountains .

Question: where is saudi arabia located on the world map

answer: Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula . It is 
 bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast and Yemen to the south. It is separated from Israel and Egypt by the Gulf of Aqaba.
title: Mr. Bean
text: At the beginning of episode two onwards , as part of the opening credits , Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light , accompanied by a choir singing Ecce homo qui est faba ( `` Behold the man who is a bean '' ) , recorded by Southwark Cathedral Choir in 1990 . These opening sequences were initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' . However , later episodes showed Mr. Bean dropping from the night sky in a deserted London street against the backdrop of St Paul 's Cathedral . At the end of episodes three and six he is also shown being sucked right back up into the sky in the respective background scenes ( black scene in episode 3 and street scene in episode 6 ) . Atkinson has acknowledged that Bean `` has a slightly alien aspect to him '' . In an episode of the animated series , `` Double Trouble '' , the alien aspect of him was used in a storyline , in which he is taken inside a spacecraft with `` aliens '' who look exactly like him and even have their own plushy toys . In an obvious homage towards the end , the aliens send him back home in a beam of light and music similar to the opening of the original Mr. Bean series . Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear .

Question: why does mr bean fall from the sky

answer: At the beginning of episode two onwards, as part of the opening credits, Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light. Whether Bean is an extraterrestrial is not made clear.
answer: These opening with Mr. Bean falls from the sky in a beam of light was initially in black and white in episodes two and three , and were intended by the producers to show his status as an `` ordinary man cast into the spotlight '' .
title: Port and starboard
text: The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord , meaning the side on which the ship is steered . Before ships had rudders on their centrelines , they were steered with a steering oar at the stern of the ship and , because more people are right - handed , on the right - hand side of it . The term is cognate with the Old Norse stýri ( rudder ) and borð ( side of a ship ) . Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat , it would tie up at wharf on the other side . Hence the left side was called port .

Question: where do the terms port and starboard come from

answer: The term starboard derives from the Old English steorbord, meaning the side on which the ship is steered. Since the steering oar was on the right side of the boat, it would tie up at wharf on the other side. Hence the left side was called port.
title: Maya numerals
text: The Mayan numeral system was the system to represent numbers and calendar dates in the Maya civilization . It was a vigesimal ( base - 20 ) positional numeral system . The numerals are made up of three symbols ; zero ( shell shape , with the plastron uppermost ) , one ( a dot ) and five ( a bar ) . For example , thirteen is written as three dots in a horizontal row above two horizontal bars ; sometimes it is also written as three vertical dots to the left of two vertical bars . With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written .

Question: what are the three symbols for 1 2 and 3 in the mayan number system

answer: The Mayan numerals are made up of three symbols; zero (shell shape, with the plastron uppermost), one (a dot) and five (a bar). With these three symbols each of the twenty vigesimal digits could be written.
title: Keeping up with the Joneses
text: Social status once depended on one 's family name ; however , the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility . With the increasing availability of goods , people became more inclined to define themselves by what they possessed and the subtle quest for higher status accelerated . Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since . The desire to increase one 's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America . The upward mobility over the past few decades in America is due in part to the large number of women joining the labor force . U.S. women have slowly and steadily increased their participation in the labor force from 46 % of all women ( age 16 + ) in 1974 to almost 60 % in 2004 .

Question: how is the phenomenon of keeping up with the joneses a distinctly american concept

answer: Social status once depended on one's family name; however, the rise of consumerism in the United States gave rise to social mobility. The desire to increase one's position in the social hierarchy is responsible for much of the social mobility in America. Conspicuous consumption and materialism have been an insatiable juggernaut ever since.
title: The Angels Take Manhattan
text: The Doctor , River , Amy , and Rory suddenly find themselves near the TARDIS in a New York graveyard back in 2012 , Rory 's plan having worked . As the four prepare to depart , Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it . He is then touched by a surviving , albeit weakened , Angel and sent into the past . The Doctor is unable to take the TARDIS back to get him , due to the paradox Rory and Amy created . Amy refuses to be parted from Rory and willingly allows herself to be touched by the same Angel in the hope of being sent back to the same time as he was . Her name then appears along with Rory 's on the tombstone . The Doctor is distraught , but River reminds him that while their fates are now sealed , Amy likely published the Melody Malone book in the past and may have left him a message . The Doctor races back to where they had their picnic and recovers the final page , finding the afterword written by Amy to him . Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves , and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys . The episode ends with a young Amelia Pond sitting in her back garden , then looking up and smiling as the TARDIS engines are heard .

Question: what happened to rory and amy in doctor who

answer: The Doctor, River, Amy and Rory suddenly find themselves in a New York graveyard. As the four prepare to depart, Rory catches sight of a tombstone with his name on it. Amy refuses to be parted from Rory. Her name then appears along with Rory's on the tombstone. The Doctor is distraught, but River reminds him that Amy may have left him a message. The Doctor races back and finds the afterword written by Amy. Amy explains that she and Rory lived out a good and happy life for themselves, and asks the Doctor to visit her childhood self to assure her that he will come back for her to take her on amazing journeys.
title: Amazon rainforest
text: The Amazon rainforest ( Portuguese : Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia ; Spanish : Selva Amazónica , Amazonía or usually Amazonia ; French : Forêt amazonienne ; Dutch : Amazoneregenwoud ) , also known in English as Amazonia or the Amazon Jungle , is a moist broadleaf forest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America . This basin encompasses 7,000,000 square kilometres ( 2,700,000 sq mi ) , of which 5,500,000 square kilometres ( 2,100,000 sq mi ) are covered by the rainforest . This region includes territory belonging to nine nations . The majority of the forest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and with minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana . States or departments in four nations contain `` Amazonas '' in their names . The Amazon represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world , with an estimated 390 billion individual trees divided into 16,000 species .

Question: where is the largest most extensive rainforest in the world located

answer: The majority of the Amazon rainforest is contained within Brazil , with 60 % of the rainforest , followed by Peru with 13 % , Colombia with 10 % , and some minor amounts in Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana .
answer: The Amazon rainforest represents over half of the planet 's remaining rainforests , and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world. It is contained within Brazil, Peru, Columbia, Venezuela , Ecuador , Bolivia , Guyana , Suriname and French Guiana.
title: Mid-ocean ridge
text: A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics . It consists of various mountains linked in chains , typically having a valley known as a rift running along its spine . This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center , which is responsible for seafloor spreading . The production of new seafloor results from mantle upwelling in response to plate spreading ; this isentropic upwelling solid mantle material eventually exceeds the solidus and melts . The buoyant melt rises as magma at a linear weakness in the oceanic crust , and emerges as lava , creating new crust upon cooling . A mid-ocean ridge demarcates the boundary between two tectonic plates , and consequently is termed a divergent plate boundary .

Question: what is the role of mid ocean ridge in sea floor spreading

answer: A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain system formed by plate tectonics.
This type of oceanic mountain ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading.
answer: The mid-ocean ridge is characteristic of what is known as an oceanic spreading center, which is responsible for seafloor spreading.
title: French horn
text: The name `` French horn '' is found only in English , first coming into use in the late 17th century . At that time , French makers were preeminent in the manufacture of hunting horns , and were credited with creating the now - familiar , circular `` hoop '' shape of the instrument . As a result , these instruments were often called , even in English , by their French names : trompe de chasse or cor de chasse ( the clear modern distinction between trompes , trumpets , and cors , horns , did not exist at that time ) . German makers first devised crooks to make such horns playable in different keys -- so musicians came to use `` French '' and `` German '' to distinguish the simple hunting horn from the newer horn with crooks , which in England was also called by the Italian name corno cromatico ( chromatic horn ) . More recently , `` French horn '' is often used colloquially , though the adjective has normally been avoided when referring to the European orchestral horn , ever since the German horn began replacing the French - style instrument in British orchestras around 1930 . The International Horn Society has recommended since 1971 that the instrument be simply called the horn .

Question: how do you say french horn in french

answer: The name ``French horn'' is found only in English. The French names are: trompe de chasse and cor de chasse.
title: Crusades
text: In 1095 , Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont . He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia . One of Urban 's aims was to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control but scholars disagree as to whether this was the primary motive for Urban or those who heeded his call . Urban 's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish himself as head of the unified Church . The initial success of the Crusade established the first four Crusader states in the Eastern Mediterranean : the County of Edessa , the Principality of Antioch , the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the County of Tripoli . The enthusiastic response to Urban 's preaching from all classes in Western Europe established a precedent for other Crusades . Volunteers became Crusaders by taking a public vow and receiving plenary indulgences from the Church . Some were hoping for a mass ascension into heaven at Jerusalem or God 's forgiveness for all their sins . Others participated to satisfy feudal obligations , obtain glory and honour or to seek economic and political gain .

Question: what was the original purpose of the crusades

answer: In 1095, Pope Urban II called for the First Crusade in a sermon at the Council of Clermont. He encouraged military support for the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor, Alexios I, who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia. Urban's strategy may have been to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom.
answer: The Crusade was to support the Byzantine Empire and its Emperor , Alexios I , who needed reinforcements for his conflict with westward migrating Turks colonizing Anatolia, to guarantee pilgrims access to the Eastern Mediterranean holy sites that were under Muslim control, and to unite the Eastern and Western branches of Christendom , which had been divided since the East -- West Schism of 1054 and to establish Pope Urban II, who called for the first crusade, as head of the unified Church .
title: Artemis
text: Artemis played quite a large part in this war . Like her mother and brother , who was widely worshipped at Troy , Artemis took the side of the Trojans . At the Greek 's journey to Troy , Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess ' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia , Agamemnon 's daughter . Agamemnon once promised the goddess he would sacrifice the dearest thing to him , which was Iphigenia , but broke that promise . Other sources said he boasted about his hunting ability and provoked the goddess ' anger . Artemis saved Iphigenia because of her bravery . In some versions of the myth , Artemis made Iphigenia her attendant or turned her into Hecate , goddess of night , witchcraft , and the underworld .

Question: what role did artemis play in the trojan war

answer: Artemis played quite a large part in this war. Artemis took the side of the Trojans. Artemis becalmed the sea and stopped the journey until an oracle came and said they could win the goddess' heart by sacrificing Iphigenia. Artemis saved Iphigenia.
title: National colours of Australia
text: The first Australian national sporting team to wear green and gold was the Australian cricket team that toured England in 1899 . Their clothes were the traditional white , but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series . Previously , the team had had no uniform cap or blazer colours but wore an assortment of club or state colours . The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter , and in 1908 the colours were ratified as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams . During subsequent discussions by members of the New South Wales Cricket Association , the colours were reportedly referred to as `` gum - tree green '' and `` wattle - gold '' .

Question: where do the australian green and gold colours come from

answer: The clothes of the Australian cricket team were the traditional white, but the captain Joe Darling arranged for green and gold caps and blazers to be worn for the opening match of the Ashes series. The Australian cricket team continued to use the colours thereafter, and in 1908 the colours were confirmed as the official team colours for future Australian cricket teams .
title: New Testament
text: The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John . In the New Testament canon , it is considered prophetical or apocalyptic literature . Its authorship has been attributed either to John the Apostle ( in which case it is often thought that John the Apostle is John the Evangelist , i.e. author of the Gospel of John ) or to another John designated `` John of Patmos '' after the island where the text says the revelation was received ( 1 : 9 ) . Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD . The work opens with letters to seven churches and thereafter takes the form of an apocalypse , a literary genre popular in ancient Judaism and Christianity .

Question: when was the last new testament book written

answer: The final book of the New Testament is the Book of Revelation , also known as the Apocalypse of John . Some ascribe the writership date as circa 81 -- 96 AD , and others at around 68 AD .
title: Peru at the FIFA World Cup
text: Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970 , finishing in seventh place . Peru again finished in the top eight at the World Cup in Argentina 1978 . They finished first in their group during the first round of the tournament , but were eliminated after losing all their games in the second round . Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982 , although the team was eliminated in the first round after 2 draws and 1 loss . From 1986 to 2014 , Peru did not advance past the CONMEBOL qualifying round .

Question: when did peru last win the world cup

answer: Peru had its best result in Mexico 1970, finishing in seventh place. Peru reached the next World Cup finals in Spain 1982, although the team was eliminated in the first round.
title: House of Lords
text: Unlike the elected House of Commons , all members of the House of Lords ( excluding 90 hereditary peers elected among themselves and two peers who are ex officio members ) are appointed . The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal . The Lords Spiritual are 26 bishops in the established Church of England . Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission . However , they also include some hereditary peers including four dukes . Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers . Very few of these are female since most hereditary peerages can only be inherited by men .

Question: who are the house of lords elected by

answer: The membership of the House of Lords is drawn from the peerage and is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal . Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission . Membership was once an entitlement of all hereditary peers , other than those in the peerage of Ireland , but under the House of Lords Act 1999 , the right to membership was restricted to 92 hereditary peers .
answer: The membership of the House of Lords is made up of Lords Spiritual and Lords Temporal. Of the Lords Temporal , the majority are life peers who are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister , or on the advice of the House of Lords Appointments Commission .
title: Sevens, Elevens, and Doubles
text: The players place a glass of alcohol in the middle of the table . The first player throws the dice . If they roll a 7 , 11 or a double , the roller chooses a player to drink . If the roll is none of those , then the roller passes the dice to the left . Once a player rolls a 7 , 11 or a double , they choose a player to drink . The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7 , 11 or a double . If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty , the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful . If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup , their roles are reversed . At any point , another player ( `` the rescuer '' ) may `` save '' the drinker by taking the glass and

Question: how do you play the dice game 7 11

answer: A glass of alcohol is placed in the middle of the table before the first player throws the dice. If they roll a 7, 11 or a double, the roller chooses a player to drink. If the roll is none of those, the dice are passed to the left. The player chosen to drink must consume everything in the center glass before the roller is able to roll another 7, 11 or a double. If they are successful in rolling before the glass is empty, the glass is refilled and the drinker tries again until successful. If the roller touches the dice before the drinker touches the cup, their roles are reversed. At any point, another player (``the rescuer'') may ``save'' the drinker by taking the glass.
title: Base pair
text: The size of an individual gene or an organism 's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double - stranded . Hence , the number of total base pairs is equal to the number of nucleotides in one of the strands ( with the exception of non-coding single - stranded regions of telomeres ) . The haploid human genome ( 23 chromosomes ) is estimated to be about 3.2 billion bases long and to contain 20,000 -- 25,000 distinct protein - coding genes . A kilobase ( kb ) is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA . The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 × 10 , and weighs 50 billion tonnes . In comparison , the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC ( trillion tons of carbon ) .

Question: how to convert base pairs to kilobase pairs

answer: The size of an individual gene or an organism's entire genome is often measured in base pairs because DNA is usually double stranded.  A kilobase is a unit of measurement in molecular biology equal to 1000 base pairs of DNA or RNA.
title: Maya civilization
text: The Archaic period , prior to 2000 BC , saw the first developments in agriculture and the earliest villages . The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region , and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet , including maize , beans , squashes , and chili peppers . The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC , and by 500 BC these cities possessed monumental architecture , including large temples with elaborate stucco façades . Hieroglyphic writing was being used in the Maya region by the 3rd century BC . In the Late Preclassic a number of large cities developed in the Petén Basin , and Kaminaljuyu rose to prominence in the Guatemalan Highlands . Beginning around 250 AD , the Classic period is largely defined as when the Maya were raising sculpted monuments with Long Count dates . This period saw the Maya civilization develop a large number of city - states linked by a complex trade network . In the Maya Lowlands two great rivals , Tikal and Calakmul , became powerful . The Classic period also saw the intrusive intervention of the central Mexican city of Teotihuacan in Maya dynastic politics . In the 9th century , there was a widespread political collapse in the central Maya region , resulting in internecine warfare , the abandonment of cities , and a northward shift of population . The Postclassic period saw the rise of Chichen Itza in the north , and the expansion of the aggressive K'iche ' kingdom in the Guatemalan Highlands . In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region , and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén , the last Maya city , in 1697 .

Question: when did the maya civilization begin and end

answer: The Preclassic period ( c. 2000 BC to 250 AD ) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region, and the cultivation of the staple crops of the Maya diet, including maize, beans, squashes, and chili peppers.
In the 16th century , the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region, and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya city, in 1697.
answer: The Preclassic period (c. 2000 BC to 250 AD) saw the establishment of the first complex societies in the Maya region. The first Maya cities developed around 750 BC. In the 16th century, the Spanish Empire colonized the Mesoamerican region and a lengthy series of campaigns saw the fall of Nojpetén, the last Maya city, in 1697.