deralili/clapnq huggingface dataset:
title: Can't Get You Out of My Head
text: `` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her eighth studio album , titled Fever , which she released in 2001 . The song was released in Australia by Parlophone as the lead single from the album on 17 September 2001 . It was released on 17 September 2001 in the United Kingdom . In the United States , the single was released on 18 February 2002 . Jointly written , composed , and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis , `` Ca n't Get You Out of My Head '' is a midtempo dance - pop song which lyrically details Minogue 's obsession towards her lover . The song is famous for its `` la la la '' hook .

Question: who wrote cant get you out of my head

answer: `` Can't Get You Out of My Head '' is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue and jointly written, composed, and produced by Cathy Dennis and Rob Davis.
title: Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)
text: The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were early European settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present - day Plymouth , Massachusetts , United States . The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands . They held Puritan Calvinist religious beliefs but , unlike other Puritans , they maintained that their congregations needed to be separated from the English state church . They were also concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands , so they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America . The colony was established in 1621 and became the second successful English settlement in North America ( after the founding of Jamestown , Virginia in 1607 ) . The Pilgrims ' story became a central theme of the history and culture of the United States .

Question: where did the pilgrims come from and how did they arrive in plymouth

answer: The Pilgrims ' leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist separatist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th - century Holland in the Netherlands .
As they were concerned that they might lose their English cultural identity if they remained in the Netherlands ,  they arranged with English investors to establish a new colony in North America .
title: Oncogene
text: A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression . Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation . Proto - oncogenes are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products . Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene . Examples of proto - oncogenes include RAS , WNT , MYC , ERK , and TRK . The MYC gene is implicated in Burkitt 's lymphoma , which starts when a chromosomal translocation moves an enhancer sequence within the vicinity of the MYC gene . The MYC gene codes for widely used transcription factors . When the enhancer sequence is wrongly placed , these transcription factors are produced at much higher rates . Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl gene found on the Philadelphia chromosome , a piece of genetic material seen in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia caused by the translocation of pieces from chromosomes 9 and 22 . Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase , which is constitutively active , leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation . ( More information about the Philadelphia Chromosome below )

Question: what is the difference between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes

answer: A proto - oncogene is a normal gene that could become an oncogene due to mutations or increased expression. Proto - oncogenes code for proteins that help to regulate the cell growth and differentiation, and they are often involved in signal transduction and execution of mitogenic signals , usually through their protein products. Upon acquiring an activating mutation , a proto - oncogene becomes a tumor - inducing agent , an oncogene. Another example of an oncogene is the Bcr - Abl codes for a tyrosine kinase leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation.
title: Irrigation tank
text: An irrigation tank or tank is an artificial reservoir of any size . They are mainly found in India . ( The word sagar refers to a large lake , usually man - made ) . It can also have a natural or man - made spring included as part of a structure . Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water , but also for sacred bathing and ritual . Often a tank was constructed across a slope so to collect and store water by taking advantage of local mounds and depressions . Tank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons .

Question: where are tanks most widely used in india why

answer: Tanks are part of an ancient tradition of harvesting and preserving the local rainfall and water from streams and rivers for later use , primarily for agriculture and drinking water.
Tank use is especially critical in parts of South India without perennial rainfall where water supply replenishment is dependent on a cycle of dry seasons alternating with monsoon seasons .
title: Victoria Cross
text: The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system . It is awarded for gallantry `` in the presence of the enemy '' to members of the British Armed Forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace .

Question: who is awarded the honour of victoria cross

answer: The Victoria Cross is awarded to members of the British Armed Forces, people of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command.
answer: The Victoria Cross, the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system,  is awarded to members of the British Armed Forces, people of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command.
title: Guy's Grocery Games
text: Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California. ( 1 ) For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA . It was built over two weeks and stocked with over $700,000 of food . After each episode , the perishable items were donated to local food banks and local farmers ; non-perishable items are being kept in the event Food Network ordered another season beyond Season 3. ( 2 )

Question: where do they shoot guy's grocery games

answer: Guy's Grocery Games Season 1 was shot inside of an actual grocery store , Field 's Market in West Hills , California. For Season 2 , the market was built in a 15,500 square foot warehouse in Santa Rosa , CA.
title: Forbidden City
text: The name `` Zijin Cheng '' is a name with significance on many levels . Zi , or `` Purple '' , refers to the North Star , which in ancient China was called the Ziwei Star , and in traditional Chinese astrology was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor . The surrounding celestial region , the Ziwei Enclosure ( Chinese : 紫 微 垣 ; pinyin : Zǐwēiyuán ) , was the realm of the Celestial Emperor and his family . The Forbidden City , as the residence of the terrestrial emperor , was its earthly counterpart . Jin , or `` Forbidden '' , referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission . Cheng means a city .

Question: why is the forbidden city in china called the forbidden city

answer: The Forbidden City - `` Zijin Cheng '' meaning Jin , `` Forbidden '' and Cheng meaning city, referred to the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor 's permission .
answer: Zi in Zijin Cheng, which means the Forbidden City, refers to  the Ziwei Star which was the heavenly abode of the Celestial Emperor and the the Forbidden City, as the residence of the terrestrial emperor, was its earthly counterpart. While Cheng means a city, the word Jin or forbidden refers to  the fact that no one could enter or leave the palace without the emperor's permission.
title: Call of Duty: Black Ops
text: Call of Duty : Black Ops is a first - person shooter video game , developed by Treyarch and published by Activision . It was released worldwide on November 9 , 2010 for Microsoft Windows , the PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 , and Wii , with a separate version for Nintendo DS developed by n - Space . Aspyr later released the game for OS X on September 27 , 2012 . It is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and the third to be developed by Treyarch . It serves as the sequel to Call of Duty : World at War .

Question: is call of duty and black ops the same thing

answer: No.  Call of Duty: Black Ops is the seventh title in the Call of Duty series and serves as the sequel to Call of Duty: World at War.
title: Human skin color
text: The genetic mechanism behind human skin color is mainly regulated by the enzyme tyrosinase , which creates the color of the skin , eyes , and hair shades . Differences in skin color are also attributed to differences in size and distribution of melanosomes in the skin . Melanocytes produce two types of melanin . The most common form of biological melanin is eumelanin , a brown - black polymer of dihydroxyindole carboxylic acids , and their reduced forms . Most are derived from the amino acid tyrosine . Eumelanin is found in hair , areola , and skin , and the hair colors gray , black , blond , and brown . In humans , it is more abundant in people with dark skin . Pheomelanin , a pink to red hue is found in particularly large quantities in red hair , the lips , nipples , glans of the penis , and vagina .

Question: which pigment determines the colour of human hair

answer: Eumelanin, which is behind the colors black , blond , and brown, and Pheomelanin, which is behind the red color, are the two pigments that determine the human hair color.
answer: Eumelanin determines the hair colors gray, black, blond and brown, and Pheomelanin, determines red hair color.
title: Mercantilism
text: With respect to its colonies , British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth , to the exclusion of other empires . The government protected its merchants -- and kept others out -- through trade barriers , regulations , and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm . The government had to fight smuggling , which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French , Spanish , or Dutch . The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses , so that gold and silver would pour into London . The government took its share through duties and taxes , with the remainder going to merchants in Britain . The government spent much of its revenue on a superb Royal Navy , which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires , and sometimes seized them . Thus the British Navy captured New Amsterdam ( New York ) in 1664 . The colonies were captive markets for British industry , and the goal was to enrich the mother country .

Question: what was the british economic policy of mercantilism

answer: With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires.  The government protected its merchants--and kept others out--through trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm.   The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London.  The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain.  The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country.
answer: With respect to its colonies, British mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants--and kept others out--through trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm.
title: List of Diary of a Wimpy Kid characters
text: Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother . Though she is loving and motherly , she sometimes seems naive , absent - minded , embarrassing , and overprotective , apparently thinking she knows about what kids Greg 's age are into when in fact , this is not the case . She does n't like technology . She also wants to become a good mother in front of her peers . She and her husband pay far more attention to Manny than their other two sons . She is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series . In Diary of a Wimpy Kid : The Long Haul , she is portrayed by Alicia Silverstone . In the online version of the first book , Susan was known as Ann Heffley .

Question: who played greg's mom in diary of a wimpy kid

answer: Susan Heffley is Greg 's mother, and she is portrayed by Rachael Harris in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series.
answer: Rachael Harris played Greg 's mother, Susan Heffley, in the first three films of the Diary of a Wimpy Kid film series.
title: Defense of Marriage Act
text: The Defense of Marriage Act ( DOMA ) ( Pub. L. 104 -- 199 , 110 Stat. 2419 , enacted September 21 , 1996 , 1 U.S.C. § 7 and 28 U.S.C. § 1738C ) was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states . Until Section 3 of the Act was struck down in 2013 ( United States v. Windsor ) , DOMA , in conjunction with other statutes , had barred same - sex married couples from being recognized as `` spouses '' for purposes of federal laws , effectively barring them from receiving federal marriage benefits . DOMA 's passage did not prevent individual states from recognizing same - sex marriage , but it imposed constraints on the benefits received by all legally married same - sex couples .

Question: what is the defense of marriage act 1996

answer: The Defense of Marriage Act, enacted September 21 , 1996, was a United States federal law that , prior to being ruled unconstitutional , defined marriage for federal purposes as the union of one man and one woman , and allowed states to refuse to recognize same - sex marriages granted under the laws of other states.
title: Monte Carlo
text: Monte Carlo ( / ˈmɒnti ˈkɑːrloʊ / ; Italian : ( ˈmonte ˈkarlo ) ; French : Monte - Carlo ( mɔ̃te kaʁlo ) , or colloquially Monte - Carl ( mɔ̃te kaʁl ) ; Monégasque : Monte - Carlu ) officially refers to an administrative area of the Principality of Monaco , specifically the ward of Monte Carlo / Spélugues , where the Monte Carlo Casino is located . Informally the name also refers to a larger district , the Monte Carlo Quarter ( corresponding to the former municipality of Monte Carlo ) , which besides Monte Carlo / Spélugues also includes the wards of La Rousse / Saint Roman , Larvotto / Bas Moulins , and Saint Michel . The permanent population of the ward of Monte Carlo is about 3,500 , while that of the quarter is about 15,000 . Monaco has four traditional quarters . From west to east they are : Fontvieille ( the newest ) , Monaco - Ville ( the oldest ) , La Condamine , and Monte Carlo .

Question: what is the difference between monte carlo and monaco

answer: Monte Carlo refers to an administrative area and one of the four traditional quarters of the Principality of Monaco, specifically the ward of Monte Carlo, where the Monte Carlo Casino is located .
title: Jim Thorpe
text: James Francis Thorpe ( Sac and Fox ( Sauk ) : Wa - Tho - Huk , translated as `` Bright Path '' ; May 22 or 28 , 1887 -- March 28 , 1953 ) was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist . A member of the Sac and Fox Nation , Thorpe became the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports , he won Olympic gold medals in the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon , and played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball . He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he had been paid for playing two seasons of semi-professional baseball before competing in the Olympics , thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place . In 1983 , 30 years after his death , the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) restored his Olympic medals .

Question: who was jim thorpe and what did he do

answer: James Francis Thorpe, a member of the Sac and Fox Nation , was the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country .  He also played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball .
answer: James Francis Thorpe, a member of the Sac and Fox Nation, was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist. He was the first Native American to win a gold medal for his home country . He also played American football ( collegiate and professional ) , professional baseball , and basketball .
title: Bennet Omalu
text: Together with colleagues in the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh , Omalu published his findings in the journal Neurosurgery in 2005 in a paper titled `` Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player . '' In it , Omalu called for further study of the disease : `` We herein report the first documented case of long - term neurodegenerative changes in a retired professional NFL player consistent with chronic traumatic encephalopathy ( CTE ) . This case draws attention to a disease that remains inadequately studied in the cohort of professional football players , with unknown true prevalence rates . '' Omalu believed the National Football League ( NFL ) doctors would be `` pleased '' to read it and that his research could be used to `` fix the problem . '' The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction in May 2006 . Their letter requesting the retraction characterized Omalu 's description of CTE as `` completely wrong '' and called the paper `` a failure . ''

Question: who was the doctor that led the research on cte and was criticized by the nfl

answer: Bennet Omalu published his findings on  ``Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player.'' in the journal of Neurosurgery.  The paper received little attention initially , but members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Committee later called for its retraction, characterizing Omalu's description of CTE as "completely wrong".
answer: Bennet Omalu and colleagues of the Department of Pathology at the University of Pittsburgh published his findings on ``Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in a National Football League Player.'' in the journal of Neurosurgery. In 2006 members of the NFL 's Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ( MTBI ) Committee later called for its retraction,, calling the paper completely wrong.
title: Mach Five
text: The Mach Five ( マッハ 号 , Mahha - gō ) is the racing car Speed Racer ( Go Mifune in the Japanese version ) drives in the anime series of the same name ( known as `` Mach Go ! Go ! Go ! '' in Japan ) . The car was designed , built , and created by `` Pops Racer '' ( Daisuke Mifune ) , Speed Racer 's father . It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series . In the original 1967 series , the Mach Five is a white racing car with an `` M '' written on its hood ( which does not stand for `` Mach 5 '' , but instead stands for `` Mifune '' , both Go 's last name , and the name of his father 's motor company ) . In the 1993 American remake , the design was completely changed .

Question: what kind of car is the mach 5

answer: The Mach Five is the racing car Speed Racer drives in the anime series of the same name.  It features a set of special devices which Speed Racer uses throughout the series. In the original 1967 series, the Mach Five is a white racing car with an "M" written on its hood.  In the 1993 American remake, the design was completely changed.
title: Solicitor General of Texas
text: The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas . It is an appointed position in the Office of the Texas Attorney General that focuses on the office 's major appellate cases . The majority of the cases handled by the Solicitor are argued in the United States Supreme Court and the Supreme Court of Texas . However some cases within the Solicitor 's responsibilities are under the jurisdiction of the United States Court of Appeals for the 5th Circuit and the state appellate courts . The Solicitor represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed . The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office .

Question: what does the solicitor general of texas do

answer: The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas .
He represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed .
answer: The Solicitor General of Texas is the top appellate solicitor or lawyer for the U.S. state of Texas . He represents the Attorney General of Texas before the Supreme Court of Texas and other appellate courts , as needed . The Office of the Solicitor General writes most of the amicus briefs filed by the Texas attorney general 's office .
title: Snuff (song)
text: `` This is the slow one . It 's another personal one . Again , not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot and I thought she felt the same way that I did and then she really let me down . At the same time , it was good that she did , because it was that final push to me figuring out myself . The lyrics are pretty self - explanatory . '' -- Corey Taylor

Question: what is the story behind the song snuff

answer: Snuff (song) -  not naming names , it 's about someone who helped me through a lot, but then she let me down. It was a good thing she did though, as that gave me the final push to figure myself out.
answer: According to Corey Taylor, the song Snuff is about someone who helped her through a lot and let her down, which was a good a good thing, because it was that final push to her to figure out herself.
title: National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation
text: The phrase `` presidential pardon '' in that ceremony was apparently inserted by a speechwriter ; Bush initially was indifferent to the terminology , saying `` ' Reprieve , ' ' keep him going , ' or ' pardon ' : it 's all the same for the turkey , as long as he does n't end up on the president 's holiday table . '' Since then , at least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life . For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia . From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida , where they served as the honorary grand marshals of Disney 's Thanksgiving Day Parade . In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington ; Mount Vernon stopped displaying and accepting the turkeys due to the fact that they violated the estate 's policy of maintaining its own historical accuracy ( Washington never farmed turkeys ) . The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia , the estate of former Virginia governor ( and prolific turkey farmer ) Westmoreland Davis . Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen because of the college 's poultry science program , and the National Turkey Federation wanted to begin a tradition of cooperation between the turkey industry and universities .

Question: where do turkeys go after being pardoned by the president

answer: At least one of the turkeys presented to the President has been taken to a farm where it will live out the rest of its natural life. For many years the turkeys were sent to Frying Pan Farm Park in Fairfax County , Virginia. From 2005 to 2009 , the pardoned turkeys were sent to either the Disneyland Resort in California or the Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. In 2010 , 2011 and 2012 , the turkeys were sent to live at Mount Vernon , the estate and home of George Washington. The 2013 , 2014 and 2015 turkeys were sent to Morven Park in Leesburg , Virginia. Virginia Polytechnic Institute housed the 2016 pardoned turkey as well as the 2017 turkeys ; Virginia Tech was chosen.
title: Bipolar junction transistor
text: NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers . A small current entering the base is amplified to produce a large collector and emitter current . That is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active . In this `` on '' state , current flows from the collector to the emitter of the transistor . Most of the current is carried by electrons moving from emitter to collector as minority carriers in the P - type base region . To allow for greater current and faster operation , most bipolar transistors used today are NPN because electron mobility is higher than hole mobility .

Question: describe the components of current in npn transistor

answer: NPN is one of the two types of bipolar transistors , consisting of a layer of P - doped semiconductor ( the `` base '' ) between two N - doped layers .
That is , when there is a positive potential difference measured from the base of an NPN transistor to its emitter ( that is , when the base is high relative to the emitter ) , as well as a positive potential difference measured from the collector to the emitter , the transistor becomes active .
title: As a dog returns to his vomit, so a fool repeats his folly
text: `` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible -- Proverbs 26 : 11 ( Hebrew : כְּ֭כֶלֶב שָׁ֣ב עַל ־ קֵאֹ֑ו כְּ֝סִ֗יל שֹׁונֶ֥ה בְאִוַּלְתֹּֽו ‎ Kəḵeleḇ šāḇ ' al - qê'ōw ; kəsîl , šōwneh ḇə'iwwaltōw . ) , also partially quoted in the New Testament , 2 Peter 2 : 22 . It means that fools are stubbornly inflexible and this is illustrated with the repulsive simile of the dog that eats its vomit again , even though this may be poisonous . Dogs were considered unclean in Biblical times as they were commonly scavengers of the dead and they appear in the Bible as repugnant creatures , symbolising evil . The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion .

Question: what does the bible say about a dog returning to its vomit

answer: `` As a dog returns to his vomit , so a fool repeats his folly '' is an aphorism which appears in the Book of Proverbs in the Bible.
The reference to vomit indicates excessive indulgence and so also symbolises revulsion .
title: Virus
text: Louis Pasteur was unable to find a causative agent for rabies and speculated about a pathogen too small to be detected using a microscope . In 1884 , the French microbiologist Charles Chamberland invented a filter ( known today as the Chamberland filter or the Pasteur - Chamberland filter ) with pores smaller than bacteria . Thus , he could pass a solution containing bacteria through the filter and completely remove them . In 1892 , the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used this filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus . His experiments showed that crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration . Ivanovsky suggested the infection might be caused by a toxin produced by bacteria , but did not pursue the idea . At the time it was thought that all infectious agents could be retained by filters and grown on a nutrient medium -- this was part of the germ theory of disease . In 1898 , the Dutch microbiologist Martinus Beijerinck repeated the experiments and became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent . He observed that the agent multiplied only in cells that were dividing , but as his experiments did not show that it was made of particles , he called it a contagium vivum fluidum ( soluble living germ ) and re-introduced the word virus . Beijerinck maintained that viruses were liquid in nature , a theory later discredited by Wendell Stanley , who proved they were particulate . In the same year Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ) -- through a similar filter .

Question: when was the first virus found in both plants and animals

answer: In 1892, the Russian biologist Dmitri Ivanovsky used filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus, crushed leaf extracts from infected tobacco plants remain infectious after filtration. In 1898, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed the first animal virus -- agent of foot - and - mouth disease ( aphthovirus ).
answer: The first virus found in plants was in 1898 when Martinus Beijerinck became convinced that the filtered solution contained a new form of infectious agent after he repeated the experiments Dmitri Ivanovsky started by using Charles Chamberland's filter to study what is now known as the tobacco mosaic virus.
In 1898 as well, Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch passed aphthovirus, which was the first animal virus.
title: The impact of geography on colonial America
text: Since the soil and weather in New England was not suitable for farming , many people did not farm . Instead they imported crops from other regions or even other countries . In return , they would trade products they had to other countries . These products included fish , whale products , ships , timber products . Also , they traded furs and livestock products made from animals living in the surrounding forests .

Question: what impact did the geography of new england have on the farming communities

answer: Many people in New England did not farm since the soil and weather  was not suitable for farming.
Instead they imported crops and traded products they had to other countries . They also traded furs and livestock products.
answer: Many people in New England did not farm since the soil and weather was not suitable for farming. Instead they imported crops and traded products they had.
title: Brigitte Macron
text: Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron ( French pronunciation : ​ ( bri. ʒit ma. ʁi klod ma. kʁɔ᷉ ) ; née Trogneux , pronounced ( tʁɔ. ɲø ) , previously Auzière , French pronunciation : ​ ( o. zjɛːʁ ) ; born 13 April 1953 ) is the wife and former high school teacher of Emmanuel Macron , the President of the French Republic . In 2015 , to help support her husband in his political career , she ended her career as a teacher of literature at the elite lycée Saint - Louis de Gonzague in Paris .

Question: how old is the wife of president of france

answer: Brigitte Marie-Claude Macron born 13 April 1953.
answer: Brigitte Marie - Claude Macron, the wife of the President of the French Republic, Emmanuel Macron, was born on 13 April 1953.
title: Stress (linguistics)
text: In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence . This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length , full articulation of the vowel , and changes in pitch . The terms stress and accent are often used synonymously in this context , but they are sometimes distinguished . For example , when emphasis is produced through pitch alone , it is called pitch accent , and when produced through length alone , it is called quantitative accent . When caused by a combination of various intensified properties , it is called stress accent or dynamic accent ; English uses what is called variable stress accent .

Question: what does it mean to stress a syllable

answer: Stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word, or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence.  This emphasis is typically caused by such properties as increased loudness and vowel length, full articulation of the vowel, and changes in pitch.  When emphasis is produced through pitch alone, it is called pitch accent, and when produced through length alone, it is called quantitative accent.  When caused by a combination of various intensified properties, it is called stress accent or dynamic accent; English uses what is called variable stress accent.
answer: In linguistics , and particularly phonology , stress or accent is relative emphasis or prominence given to a certain syllable in a word , or to a certain word in a phrase or sentence .
title: Olympic symbols
text: The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field , known as the `` Olympic rings '' . The symbol was originally designed in 1912 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , co-founder of the modern Olympic Games . He appears to have intended the rings to represent the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe . According to Coubertin , the colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation 's flag at the time . Upon its initial introduction , Coubertin stated the following in the August 1912 edition of Olympique :

Question: what do the colours on the olympic rings represent

answer: The colors of the rings together with the white of the background included the colors composing every competing nation's flag at the time when the symbol was designed by Baron Pierre de Coubertin in 1912.
answer: The rings are five interlocking rings , colored blue , yellow , black , green and red on a white field, representing the five participating continents : Africa , Asia , America , Australia and Europe.
title: Height in sports
text: In association football , or soccer , a player 's height may somewhat determine the position that they play ; however , people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport . Goalkeepers , centre backs and `` target '' heading forwards tend to be taller , while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter . A study of the greatest male players in history showed that the distribution of heights approximated the average man and , when also looking at the typical weight distribution , an estimated 95 % of the world 's population would fall into the body type distribution of great footballers . A sample of reasonably select players from ages 11 -- 18 in the United States tended to approximate the height distribution of the population . However , there is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates , which could suggest a bias in the scouting system .

Question: what is the best height for a soccer player

answer: In association football, or soccer, a player's height may somewhat determine the position that they play; however, people of all heights have an equal opportunity to excel professionally at the sport. Goalkeepers, centre backs and "target" heading forwards tend to be taller, while players in wide and attacking positions tend to be shorter. There is an overwhelming tendency for the 11-most picked players in a squad to be shorter than their teammates.
title: House of Saud
text: The most influential member of the Royal family is the King of Saudi Arabia , currently King Salman . The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king , Ibn Saud , to another . The next in line , Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman , is the son of King Salman , and thus from the ruling House of Saud . The king - appointed cabinet includes more members of the royal family . The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006 , when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes . Although current King Salman first choose his nephew and then his son as a crown prince without any consulation with Allegiance Council .

Question: how did the house of saud come to power

answer: The succession to the Saudi Arabian throne was designed to pass from one son of the first king, Ibn Saud, to another.  The monarchy was hereditary by agnatic seniority until 2006, when a royal decree provided that future Saudi kings are to be elected by a committee of Saudi princes.
title: United States Congress
text: The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a `` district '' . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election .

Question: what is the difference between senate and house of rep

answer: The members of the House of Representatives serve two - year terms representing the people of a single constituency, known as a `` district ''. Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators. Each senator is elected at - large in their state for a six - year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one - third of the Senate is up for election.
title: Glumdalclitch
text: When he comes ashore , he is captured by a giant farmer , who perceives Gulliver only as an animal , a freak of nature resembling a man - shaped mouse . He takes Gulliver home and gives him to his nine - year - old daughter , a child `` not above forty feet high , being little for her age . '' She makes Gulliver her pet , creates a small travel case for him ( a miniature bed - chamber in a box ) , and is amused to play with him as if he were a doll . Gulliver grows very fond of the girl , and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch , or `` little nurse '' in the Brobdingian language . ( Of course `` little '' is highly ironic considering the circumstances . If Gulliver knows her real name , he does not tell the reader . ) Glumdalclitch is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls ' clothes . Although Gulliver admires the wardrobe that she makes for him , he finds that even the finest Brodingnagian fabric is coarse and irritates his skin . The farmer takes Gulliver about as a freak show , charging observers money for performances . Gulliver grows very proud of the stunts that he performs for Glumdalclitch 's amusement .

Question: who was glumdalclitch how did she help gulliver

answer: Glumdalclitch is a nine-year-old daughter of a giant farmer, a child "not above forty feet high, being little for her age."  She makes Gulliver her pet.   Gulliver grows very fond of the girl, and gives her the pet name of Glumdalclitch who is a skilled seamstress with a talent for making dolls' clothes.
answer: Glumdalclitch is a nine-year-old,  forty feet tall daughter of the farmer who captured Gulliver. She made Gulliver her pet, created a bed for him out of a travel case and made him clothes.
title: Three Little Birds
text: The source of Marley 's inspiration for the lyrics of `` Three Little Birds '' remains disputed . They are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of , that used to fly and sit next to his home . Tony Gilbert , a long time friend of Marley , was present at the time he was writing the song and elaborated , `` Bob got inspired by a lot of things around him , he observed life . I remember the three little birds . They were pretty birds , canaries , who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road . '' However , three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them . I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked , `` After the song was written , Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds . After a show , there would be an encore , sometimes people even wanted us to go back onstage four times . Bob would still want to go back and he would say , ' What is my Three Little Birds saying ? ' ''

Question: what is the song 3 little birds about

answer: The lyrics of "Three Little Birds" are partly inspired by birds that Marley was fond of, that used to fly and sit next to his home; they were pretty birds, canaries, who would come by the windowsill at Hope Road.  However, three female singers from the reggae group I Threes who did shows with Marley claim it is a reference to them.  I Threes member Marcia Griffiths remarked, "After the song was written, Bob would always refer to us as the Three Little Birds."
title: Magic in Harry Potter
text: Defence Against the Dark Arts , commonly shortened to D.A.D.A. , is the class that teaches students defensive techniques to defend against the Dark Arts , and to be protected from Dark creatures . In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows , with Death - Eaters in charge of the school , the subject is renamed the Dark Arts , and involves pupils practicing the Cruciatus Curse on those who have earned detentions . The subject has an extraordinarily high turnover of staff members -- throughout the series no Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher has retained the post for more than one school year . Harry is exceptionally skilled in this subject . During the period the story takes place , the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell ( book one ) , Gilderoy Lockhart ( book two ) , Remus Lupin ( book three ) , Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor `` Mad - eye '' Moody ( book four ) , Dolores Umbridge ( book five ) , Severus Snape ( book six ) , and Amycus Carrow ( book seven ) . Hagrid suggests in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets that `` They 're startin ' ter think the job 's jinxed . No one 's lasted long for a while now . '' In Half - Blood Prince , Dumbledore suggests that Voldemort cursed the position because his application for it was rejected . The existence of the jinx was eventually confirmed by Rowling . The position had also been coveted by Snape , but he was denied the position as well . Snape was finally appointed D.A.D.A. professor in Half - Blood Prince . Rowling announced in an interview that once Voldemort had died , the jinx he placed on the office was lifted and a permanent professor had been teaching the subject between the end of Deathly Hallows and the epilogue , set nineteen years afterwards . Furthermore , she imagines that Harry Potter occasionally comes to the class to give lectures on the subject .

Question: who became defense against the dark arts teacher

answer: During the period the story takes place, the class is taught by Quirinus Quirrell (book one), Gilderoy Lockhart (book two), Remus Lupin (book three), Bartemius Crouch Jr impersonating Alastor "Mad-eye"  Moody (book four), Dolores Umbridge (book five), Severus Snape (book six), and Amycus Carrow (book seven).
title: Cell cycle
text: The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) . It is also called the growth phase . During this phase , the biosynthetic activities of the cell , which are considerably slowed down during M phase , resume at a high rate . The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species . In this phase , the cell increases its supply of proteins , increases the number of organelles ( such as mitochondria , ribosomes ) , and grows in size . In G phase , a cell has three options . ( 1 ) To continue cell cycle and enter S phase ( 2 ) Stop cell cycle and enter G phase for undergoing differentiation. ( 3 ) Get arrested in G phase hence it may enter G phase or re-enter cell cycle . The deciding factor is availability of nitrogens and storage of energy rich compounds at the deciding point called check point . This check point is called the restriction point or START and is regulated by G / S cyclins , which cause transition from G to S phase . Passage through the G check point commits the cell to division . S

Question: which stage of the cell cycle is variable

answer: The first phase within interphase , from the end of the previous M phase until the beginning of DNA synthesis , is called G ( G indicating gap ) .
The duration of G is highly variable , even among different cells of the same species .
answer: The duration of G (G indicating gap), the first phase within interphase, is highly variable, even among different cells of the same species.
title: Pike Place Fish Market
text: The Pike Place Fish Market is best known for their habit of hurling customers ' orders across the shopping area . A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping . Initially , the shouted repeating of the ordered fish began as a prank on one employee , but was enjoyed by customers , so it became a tradition . While working , the staff continually yell to each other and chant in unison while they throw ordered fish . At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss . Above the areas in which they throw fish , the market hangs a sign that reads , `` Caution : Low Flying Fish '' .

Question: when do they throw fish at pike place market

answer: A typical routine will involve a customer ordering a fish , with their fishmongers in orange rubber overalls and boots calling out the order , which is loudly shouted back by all the other staff , at which point the original fishmonger will throw the customer 's fish behind the counter for wrapping. At times , the fish market staff will throw a foam fish into the crowd to scare bystanders , or select a customer from the crowds to participate in the fish toss.