Title: Iron-rich sedimentary rocks
Content: shell is half filled. Laterization is a soil forming process that occurs in warm and moist climates under broadleaf evergreen forests. Soils formed by laterization tend to be highly weathered with high iron and aluminium oxide content. Goethite is often made from this process and is a major source of iron in sediments. However, once it is deposited it must be dehydrated in order to come to an equilibrium with hematite. The dehydration reaction is: Pyritization is discriminatory. It rarely happens to soft tissue organisms and aragonitic fossils are more susceptible to it than calcite fossils. It commonly takes place

Title: Permineralization
Content: of environment the organism was likely to live in. Most fossils that have been silicified are bacteria, algae, and other plant life. Silicification is the most common type of permineralization. Carbonate mineralization involves the formation of coal balls. Coal balls are the fossilizations of many different plants and their tissues. They often occur in the presence of seawater or acidic peat. Coal balls are calcareous permineralizations of peat by calcium and magnesium carbonates. Often spherical in shape and ranging from a few grams to several hundred kilograms in mass, coal balls are formed when water containing carbonate permeates the cells

Title: Soil
Content: larger soil particles, and their mineralogy is often inherited from the parent material of the soil, but may include products of weathering (such as concretions of calcium carbonate or iron oxide), or residues of plant and animal life (such as silica phytoliths). Quartz is the most common mineral in the sand or silt fraction as it is resistant to chemical weathering, except under hot climate; other common minerals are feldspars, micas and ferromagnesian minerals such as pyroxenes, amphiboles and olivines, which are dissolved or transformed in clay under the combined influence of physico-chemical and biological processes. Due to its high

Title: Mineral evolution
Content: do with the release of mineralizing fluids during mountain building. Between 1.0 and 0.542 Ga, the Earth experienced at least two "Snowball Earth" events in which much (possibly all) of the surface was covered by ice (making it the dominant surface mineral). Associated with the ice were cap carbonates, thick layers of limestone or dolostone, with aragonite fans. Clay minerals were also produced in abundance, and volcanoes managed to pierce through the ice and add to the stock of minerals. The last stage coincides with the Phanerozoic era, in which biomineralization, the creation of minerals by living organisms, became widespread.

Title: Petrifaction
Content: microscopic level. One of the processes involved in petrifaction is permineralization. The fossils created through this process tend to contain a large amount of the original material of the specimen. This process occurs when groundwater containing dissolved minerals (most commonly quartz, calcite, pyrite, siderite (iron carbonate), and apatite (calcium phosphate) ), fills pore spaces and cavities of specimens, particularly bone, shell or wood. The pores of the organisms' tissues are filled when these minerals precipitate out of the water. Two common types of permineralization are silicification and pyritization. Silicification is the process in which organic matter becomes saturated with silica.

Question: What common mineral is formed by the fossilization of vegetation?
Answer: Coal