Title: Lebanon hostage crisis
Content: of Shia radicalism in Lebanon, is considered by most observers to be the instigator of the crisis. Analysis of the hostage-crisis in Lebanon yields that Hezbollah was undisputably responsible for the aforementioned abductions of Westerners despite attempts to shield its complicity through the employment of cover-names. Its organisational framework was not only sophisticated and assimilated according to Iranian clerical designs but also closely integrated with several key Iranian institutions which provided it with both necessary weaponry and training to successfully confront self-proclaimed Islamic enemies and invaluable financial support ... Hezbollah itself, denies the charge, proclaiming in 1987: We look with

Title: Lebanon hostage crisis
Content: within the Hezbollah organization. Particularly important in the organization was Imad Mughniyah. Hezbollah has publicly denied involvement. The Islamic Republic of Iran is thought to have played a major role in the kidnappings, and may have instigated them. Syria also had some involvement. The original motive for the hostage-taking is thought to have been to discourage retaliation by the U.S., Syria, or other powers against Hezbollah, which is credited with the killing of 241 Americans and 58 Frenchmen in the Marine barracks and embassy bombings in Beirut. Other explanations for the kidnappings or the prolonged holding of hostages are Iranian

Title: Lebanon hostage crisis
Content: Beqaa Valley of East Lebanon was a place were the victims were held. According to scholar Gilles Kepel "a few of the kidnappings were money-driven or linked to local concerns, but most obeyed a logic whereby Hezbollah itself was no more than a subcontractor for Iranian initiatives". Motivation for the hostage-taking includes: Naccache was freed "on 27 July 1990, together with four accomplices, after being pardoned by President François Mitterrand. All five men were put on a plane bound for Tehran. The deal also brought political, military and financial benefits to Iran itself: the release of its frozen assets and

Title: Lebanon hostage crisis
Content: The end of the crisis in 1992 is thought to have been precipitated by the need for Western aid and investment by Syria and Iran following the end of the Iran–Iraq War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, and with promises to Hezbollah that it could remain armed following the end of the Lebanese Civil War and that France and America would not seek revenge against it. 25 victims were Americans, 16 were Frenchmen, 12 British, 7 Swiss,7 West Germans and 1 Irish man Among the names the hostage takers used were Islamic Jihad, Organization for the Defense of

Title: Lebanon hostage crisis
Content: desperately needed spare parts for their armaments. The French also kicked out most of the Iranian opposition leaders who had taken sanctuary in their country following the revolution." Three French hostages in Lebanon, Jean-Pierre Kaufmann, Marcel Carton et Marcel Fontaine, had been released by kidnappers on May 4, 1988. France denied reports that the release of Naccache was a repayment for the release of the three French hostages . By 1991 radical Shia operatives imprisoned in Europe had been freed. Islamic Dawa Party members convicted of terrorism in Kuwait had been freed by the Iraqi invasion. There was no need

Question: Which movement was thought to be responsible for the kidnapping of Western hostages in Lebanon in the 890s?
Answer: Hezbollah