dejp3/bronze-age-objects-pas huggingface dataset:
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1800 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Swannington, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 84.5 mm
Thickness: 8.5 mm
Weight: 66.05 g
Description: Small Early Bronze Age flanged axehead, with some non-recent damage to the butt and the cutting edge. There is widespread blotchy bronze disease on both faces. Similar to an example from Colkirk, Norfolk (HER 37128, NMS-1739C5). Length 84.5mm. Width 37mm. Thickness 8.5mm. Weight 66.05g. c.1800 - c.1500 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bursledon, Eastleigh, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 56.69 mm
Thickness: 6.87 mm
Weight: 14.3 g
Description: A tang with a rectangular section, probably from a Late Bronze Age copper alloy chisel.


Similar to:DOR-F18347 or BERK-52E8CA
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Scabbard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: East Garston, West Berkshire, West Berkshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 62.14 mm
Thickness: 9.94 mm
Weight: 15.67 g
Description: A worn Late Bronze Age sword scabbard chape with a prominent rounded midrib.  The chape is narrow and tapering and both ends are missing.  The weight of 15.67g includes black material, possibly charcoal or burnt clay from casting, which fills the central hollow.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Froxfield, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 23.67 mm
Thickness: 7.44 mm
Weight: 15.61 g
Description: 
The corner of a blade from a Late Bronze Age copper alloy possible socketed axe.  The casting seam is visible.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -1700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Horley, Reigate and Banstead, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 42.13 mm
Thickness: 11.03 mm
Description: 


A large fragment of an Early to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy flanged axe comprising the blade and part of the body. The flaring blade with a wide crescentic edge is in good condition and remains sharp.  The axe is pitted and the casting seams have been removed.


The wide crescentic edge is typical of the Arreton developed axes and the  crispness of the flanges would suggest that they are cast rather than  raised with a hammer.



Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1001)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Southrepps, North Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 49 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 20.4 g
Description: Incomplete Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, distal end of socket and proximal end of blade, both ends broken, part of blade missing. The median rib is of lozengiform cross-section. All the breaks and the distortion are very recent. Length more than 49mm. Width c.32mm. Thickness 10mm. Weight 20.4g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bilton-in-Ainsty with Bickerton, Harrogate, North Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 35.8 mm
Thickness: 14.56 mm
Weight: 45.55 g
Description: A worn fragment of a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date  (about 1100-800 BC). The fragment consists of the lower blade and cutting  edge. The fragment is broadly rectangular in plan; triangular in profile and has an irregular sub-rectangular cross section. The cutting edge is curved and had slightly projecting tips. The casting seam is visible on the sides of the axe, but have been trimmed and flattened. The socket is 16.54mm deep, while the whole fragment is 35.8mm long. In profile the socket is V shaped. The axe has a smooth brown patina with much damage, and is light green but stable where damaged. The breaks are worn and patinated.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Amport, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 62.12 mm
Thickness: 2.94 mm
Weight: 11.58 g
Description: 
A Bronze Age copper alloy blade, possible from a tanged knife.  The blade is triangular in section and has an indication of a shoulder.  Striations suggest that it had a bevelled edge.  There is also the suggestion of a handle where the lengthwise striations stop abruptly.  There is pitting and corrosion on the blade but much of the dark green surface survives.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Monkton, Thanet, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 30.63 mm
Thickness: 7.91 mm
Weight: 28.09 g
Description: A copper alloy blade fragment from a sword of probably Late Bronze Age date, c1150-700BC.  The blade has a slight bend in its profile. In section the blade edges are bevelled.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -1800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Dunnington, York, York (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 112.1 mm
Thickness: 18.1 mm
Weight: 233 g
Description: A complete but heavily corroded cast copper alloy flanged axehead of early Bronze Age date. The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan with a narrow and thin rounded butt end which extends to a curved cutting edge with splayed blade. Raised flanges are present along the edges of both sides of the axehead each showing signs of heavily wear. No casting flashes are visible though this may be due to the advance nature of the corrosion.

The metal has a mid brownish-green colour and is worn. The axehead is 112.1mm long, 50.2mm wide at the blade, 21.9mm wide at the butt end, 18.1mm thick and weighs 233g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1001)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gimingham, North Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 101 mm
Thickness: 18.5 mm
Description: Middle Bronze Age copper alloy side-looped spearhead, tip and parts of edges of blade and most of the mouth of the socket missing, with ancient breaks. The central part of the blade is lozengiform in cross-section, but on both faces the median arris does not extend past the top of the side-loops, the remainder of the socket being round externally. The outside faces of the side-loops are pointed oval and the apertures are ovoid. Length more than 101mm. Width more than 22mm. Thickness 18.5mm. Weight 49.98g. c.1600 - c.1000 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1400)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Pegswood, Northumberland, Northumberland (North East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 111 mm
Height: 34 mm
Thickness: 0.58 mm
Description: A cast copper-alloy unlooped long flanged axehead, damaged and dating to the middle Bronze Age, c. 1600-1400 BC.



The axe is complete, but the edges of the flanges, butt, and blade are damaged with missing nicks and bending between the nicks. The blade flares slightly from the flanges and a very worn stop-ridge, with a crescentic edge at its end. The butt is rounded in profile. In plan view, the flanges are lozengiform, and the axe is probably related to the shield-pattern early types of Long flanged axhead dating from either Acton Park I or II industrial phases of metalwork.



Note the object has been mounted in a homemade display case and could not be removed; all measurements are approximate.
Notes: This record has been reclassified and dated by Peter Reavill (4/5/21) based on notes from Bronze Age specialist Dr Brendan O'Connor.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -750)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Corhampton and Meonstoke, Winchester, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 43.26 mm
Thickness: 10.47 mm
Weight: 24.93 g
Description: A fragment of Late Bronze Age tanged chisel, dating to the Ewart Park phase, c.900-750 BC. It is missing its tang above its collar. It measures 43.26x28.31x10.47mm and weighs 24.93g.

The collar is sub-rectangular in cross-section (11.28x10.36mm) with rounded corners and c.5mm high. To one side projects a very worn stump, the remains of the tang, measuring 6.96x6.15mm. Below is an oval-sectioned neck, expanding from 7.68x6.19mm to 9.01x6.04mm, where it extends into an expanding bell-shaped chisel-end. The nearest (top) edge of this is curved, as in the curved top of a bell, and is slightly thicker than the neck above (6.40mm max.thickness). This narrows to 1.37mm thick at the cutting edge. In shape, the sides curve gently outwards then inwards, with the cutting edge itself flaring outwards again at the very end. The actual edge has a slight curve though is mostly straight.

The object has a smooth blue-green patina with some light surface scratches. Its bell-shaped chisel-end is very similar to WILT-846EE0 from Cricklade, North Wiltshire.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1050)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Corhampton and Meonstoke, Winchester, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 19.8 mm
Thickness: 5.79 mm
Weight: 4.3 g
Description: A fragment of probable Middle Bronze Age (1500-1050 BC) spearhead, consisting of part of the blade. The fragment measures 19.80x14.70x5.79mm and weighs 4.30g. It is curving in profile, as though bent.


The blade has a pronounced mid-rib (5.79mm diameter) with narrowing triangular-profile blade (c.0.7mm thick min.) to either side, the edges of which are damaged. The end of the socket is visible as an off-centre hole in the break at the wider end, 1.31mm diameter and 0.40mm deep. The narrowness of the tip suggests a very pointed type such as Class IIIa or Rapier Type Class IVa, therefore it is likely to be Middle Bronze Age in date.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Knife (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Wymondham, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Chance find during metal detecting
Length: 19 mm
Description: Fragment of probable Late Bronze Age copper alloy tanged knife, handle broken at both ends (across the remains of rivet-hole at one end), sides with slight bordering grooves on both faces. Surviving length 19mm. Width 16mm. c. 1100 to c. 800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Metal Working Debris (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Letcombe Bassett, Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28.63 mm
Thickness: 31.47 mm
Weight: 37.81 g
Description: 
A copper alloy casting well with two runners. This is probably of Bronze Age date.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (-2150 to 1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Islip, East Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 51.35 mm
Thickness: 3.24 mm
Weight: 2.4 g
Description: A complete cast copper alloy probable Awl, possibly of Bronze Age dating but could easily be later in dating (2150 BC to c. AD 1500).


The awl consists of a sub square sectioned artefact that gradually tapers from a wide centre, to a sharp point at both ends. No obvious tang is present. Faint grooves are present down each of the thicker sides.


It measures 51.35 mm in length, has a maximum width of 3.49 mm and has a maximum thickness of 3.24 mm. It weighs 2.4 g.


The probable awl is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.


Similar artefacts have been recorded on the PAS database as NMS-ACEA64, NMS-0F5EF3, SF-6FC795, LVPL-7E3686, GLO-9FB903, HESH-399E94 and PUBLIC-5155C5. However as awls are a functional artefact, the form changes very little from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval period. Similar awls were found during the excavations at York (Ottaway & Rogers, 2002, pages 2729-2730, fig 1338), in particular SF 11522, which exhibits a similar groove on one side like this example and has been dated to the late 11th Century AD. Therefore this example could be of any date from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval Period (2150 BC to 1500 AD).


Reference:

Ottaway, P. & Rogers, N. 2002. Craft, Industry and Everyday Life: Finds from Medieval York. The Archaeology of York. The Small Finds 17/15. York Archaeological Trust. York.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welton, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 45 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Weight: 10.34 g
Description: A copper-alloy socketed spear dating from the middle to later Bronze Age (c. 1500-700BC). Only the tip of the the spearhead survives; it has a rounded mid rib with narrow wings. The tip is slightly bent, probably through use, and the wings are chipped, perhaps due to thinning of the metal from corrosion which may have led to some losses from the outer edge of each wing. The surface has a stable, slightly pitted, patinated surface of green-brown colour. The surviving length is 45 mm, with a maximum width of 12mm and weight of 10.34g.


A similar, though larger, example (SF8275) can be seen on this database. Many parallels are illustrated in 'Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire', for example No. 168 from Brumby (p. 81).
Notes: Davey, P.J. 1973: Bronze Age Metalwork from Lincolnshire. Oxford: Society of Antiquaries of London.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Chilcomb, Winchester, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 49.6 mm
Thickness: 8.75 mm
Weight: 16.97 g
Description: A Bronze Age possibly cut-down spear tip with a socket which is 27.07mm long. The spear has rounded edges and one side has seven nicks which create seven 'barbs'.



Richard Davis comments that he has not seen a fragment like this before. He notes:





1. It is not clear what type of spearhead this is - whether it had loops or pegholes in the socket, and whether it is from the Middle or Late Bronze Age.


2. Cuts in the blade edges are normally the result of combat damage or an intentional "killing" of the spearhead prior to votive deposition. Excellent examples of this "killing" is found in some of the spearheads from the Blackmoor Hoard, also from Hampshire. However, intentional cuts in blade edges are normally found in spearheads that are deposited when complete or with a large part remaining, not just as a fragment as in this case.


3. The multiple cuts on one blade edge look decorative - the upper four cuts are at regular intervals. The reworking may have been to form a tool, but this seems unlikely as the jagged edges are not sharp. The apparent barb on the other blade edge does not seem to have a particular function.


In summary,the probability is that it is a fragment of an LBA pegged spearhead, because the incidence of intentional fragments was far greater in this period. This is an interesting and unique piece, but one whose condition and damage is difficult to interpret.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Childrey, Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 32.67 mm
Thickness: 11.2 mm
Weight: 18.71 g
Description: A worn fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spear-head, dating from the Middle to Late Bronze Age (1500-800 BC). The spear-head has a lozenge-shaped section, midrib and worn blade wings. It is too fragmentary to identify the type further.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1100 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Beech Hill, West Berkshire, West Berkshire ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 99.96 mm
Thickness: 8.34 mm
Weight: 34.04 g
Description: A possible cast copper alloy chisel of uncertain, but possibly Bronze Age, date. The chisel is in poor condition and little or none of its original surface survives. The chisel measures 99.96mm in length. One end expands and is flat and spatulate with a rounded terminal. The remainder has a rectangular section. The width of the 'blade' is 11.26mm and the maximum width of the body is 9.55mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Miniature Object (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Letcombe Bassett, Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.45 mm
Thickness: 5.85 mm
Weight: 4.12 g
Description: 
A cast copper alloy miniature object in the form of a palstave axe, probably dating to the Bronze Age. Research ongoing.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Navenby, North Kesteven, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39 mm
Thickness: 5 mm
Weight: 7.93 g
Description: The tip of a cast copper alloy socketed spear head dating to the late Bronze age. There is a hemispherical rib on both sides of the spear head running and widening from the tip towards the base. On one side of the spear head there is evidence of a breakage, exposing the socket which would have once held the shaft. The rib is flanked by two tapering blade wings.


A very similar spear head has also been found on the database, record ID: SUSS-C3C237
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welbourn, North Kesteven, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Description: 
Fragment of a Bronze age socketed axehead. The sideloop is still intact. The fragment is curved and flares outwards slightly to form a rounded edge.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gayton, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 54 mm
Thickness: 6.5 mm
Weight: 11.58 g
Description: Incomplete cast copper-alloy shouldered awl of probable Bronze Age date. At the probable mid-point there are opposed rectangular projections on both sides forming a collar or stop ridge. One end  is broken just beyond the collar and comprises a rectangular-sectioned stump. The other end of the awl is of faceted recatgular section and  tapers to a sharp point. The metal has a dark green patina. Surviving length 54mm.  Width at shoulders 14mm. Width at springing of both 7mm. 6.5mm  thick. Weighs 11.58g. This awl is likely to belong to the Bronze Age, although the form does not change much through time and similar  objects are also noted in the Roman period and possibly later.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to ROMAN ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Letcombe Bassett, Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.1 mm
Diameter: 6.07 mm
Weight: 4.1 g
Description: 
An incomplete copper alloy possible punch or awl, possibly Bronze Age in date although it could equally be Roman. It has a square sectioned shaft which is broken and the opposing end narrows into a point. The punch is quite chunky, more so than the Bronze Age awls recorded on the database.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2350 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hoe, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.5 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight: 49.11 g
Description: Probable Bronze Age copper alloy casting jet. Oval, flat upper face (32 x 34.5mm, 20mm thick), convex lower face with ceramic material between the stumps of two runners. Weighs 49.11g. c.2,350-701 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Gouge (Bronze Age)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hunsonby, Eden, Cumbria (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 61.92 mm
Diameter: 20.8 mm
Weight: 33.7 g
Description: A complete copper-alloy socketed wood gouge dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Bronze Age, C. BC 1000 to 800.


The socketed end of the gouge has a circular section and a diameter of 20.8. There is a collar at the socketed end and the gouge then flattens to a C-shaped section by the end and the length of the furrow is 41.90 mm and the width of the furrow at the tip is 13.57 mm.


A gouge of this type would have been used for woodworking and similar examples are known from Dorset (PAS database DOR-FD5EF4) and also as part of a hoard from Cumbria (PAS database LANCUM-6F9525).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Linwood, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 45 mm
Thickness: 14 mm
Weight: 51.78 g
Description: Fragment of a middle or late Bronze Age socketed axe. Only the blade-end survives. The blade is curved and flares at both ends. The extent of the flared ends is not great, suggesting that it has been resharpened a number of times in antiquity. The body widens to the break, where it is rectangular in cross-section with a hollow centre. The edges of the break are slightly irregular, but in totality form a regular 'slice' across the axe. It is unclear whether the break is intentional or the result of damage. The surface of the axe has a dark-green patina, which is irregularly pitted throughout.


The blade width is 45mm. The rectangular section at the break measures 34mm x 15mm. The wall of the section measures 3.5mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Knife (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ulgham, Northumberland, Northumberland (North East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 66.46 mm
Thickness: 2.26 mm
Weight: 14.3 g
Description: A cast copper-alloy knife/razor of the Middle-Late Bronze Age, c. 1500 BC-800 BC.


The knife/razor is incomplete, but what remains indicates the object was leaf-shaped in plan and pointed-oval in section. The tip of the blade is missing, as it the base. The remains of a hole for mounting/fixing can be seen, but the edges of the blade have chipped and corroded away, leaving an irregular, jagged edge to both edges of the blade.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Lyme Regis, West Dorset, Dorset (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 7 mm
Description: An incomplete Early Bronze Age copper alloy cast flat axehead, dating from c.2150 to 1500 BC. The blade is curved and it has a very uneven edge, probably due to surface wear and corrosion. The axehead tapers to a break before the butt. There are some traces of Bronze disease on the surface of the item.
Notes: 
Images provided by finder.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy Wood
Found: Thamesfield, Wandsworth, Greater London Authority (London)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 102.4 mm
Diameter: 23.88 mm
Thickness: 33.34 mm
Weight: 192.8 g
Description: A late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe head (1000 - 800BC).  The  socket is sub-circular, a square with very rounded corners.  The edge of the socket is decorated with a pronounced rim and  a parallel raised transverse band just below.  This second transverse band is vestigial and very faint.  The axe head has a side loop that abuts the lower  moulded band.  The axe head is wedge-shaped in plan.   The sides of the axe head flare out gently towards the blade tip. There are decorative mouldings forming two ribs along each of the face edges.    A casting seam is visible along both  edges.  The axehead has a curved cutting edge which shows  some wear and evidence of sharpening.  The blade is hollow.  There is a casting flaw on the rim, an air bubble at the top of the rim.  There appears to be a fragment of wood surviving within the socket.


This socketed axe head is similar to others found in the Ewert Park  assemblage and dated 1000-800BC (Rohl & Needham 1998: 136-7).


Dimensions: length: 102.4mm; width of blade: 53.6mm; thickness of rim: 33.34mm; internal diameter of socket:  23.88mm; internal length of socket: 76.84mm; weight: 192.8g.


Reference: Rohl, B. and Needham, S. 1998. The Circulation of Metal in  the British Bronze Age: The Application of Lead Isotope Analysis.   British Museum Occasional Paper No. 102.  British Museum Press: London.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Colkirk, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Weight: 418 g
Description: Fragment of Bronze Age socketed axe,  surviving end comprises cutting edge to just beyond start of internal socket. Surviving length 27mm. Surviving width 49mm. c.1000 - c.701 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Roudham and Larling, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 85 mm
Weight: 12.6 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl in quite fresh conditon, with sub-square to round-sectioned blade and square to rectangular-section tang. Length 85mm. Maximum width 6.5mm. Weight 12.6g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: All Cannings, Wiltshire, Wiltshire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 45.38 mm
Weight: 3.65 g
Description: A Late Bronze Age cast copper alloy awl. The awl, which expands in width to 4.33 in its centre, has one circular section terminal, the other end being flattened and rectangular in section, presumably for hafting.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gayton, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 35.8 mm
Weight: 3.19 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with  sub-square to round-sectioned blade and square to rectangular-section  tang. Length 35.8mm. Maximum width 4.5mm. Weight 3.19g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Knife (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hackleton, South Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 37 mm
Thickness: 2 mm
Weight: 6.54 g
Description: 
A fragement of cast copper alloy blade. The dark brown patina, pitting and elongated lozenge shaped cross-section suggest that this is likely to be the blade section of a Brnoze Age spear or dagger.

Notes: Finders Ref: AR 172
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Rocklands, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 89 mm
Thickness: 12.5 mm
Weight: 29.5 g
Description: Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, the open end of the socket missing. The cutting edges are scuffed and the point is missing. Length more than 89mm. Width 25mm Thickness more than 12.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1400 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Stanton, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 66.44 mm
Thickness: 9.93 mm
Weight: 29.9 g
Description: A Bronze Age copper alloy spear tip with the tip of the socket surviving.  The spear has a high raised central ridge that extends to the tip of the blade. The edges are well preserved edges, the break is  fresh and the fragment has a, dark green patina; patches of the surface are missing. The section is diamond-shaped with narrower blade edges. The spear belongs to the Penard - Ewart Park (1250-800 BC) phases
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Neolithic to BRONZE AGE (-2200 to -1900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bowes, County Durham, County Durham (North East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 94.87 mm
Thickness: 11.3 mm
Description: A complete copper alloy flat axehead dating to the period c. 2200 to 1900 BC.


The axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and in section. Both edges are still sharp although quite uneven and the surface of the object is badly abraded and the object is quite poorly preserved more generally. The axehead is rounded at one end, the cutting edge, and the axe then tapers towards the butt. The axe is quite thin and does not vary much in thickness although the middle is slightly thicker than the outer edges. There is no evidence for decoration on the surface of the object but that could be due to the fact that the surface has corroded away completely. The object is purpley-brown in colour with areas of a light green corrosion.


It is likely that this dates to the Early Bronze Age and metalworking stage I to II which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2, circa 2500 to 2050 CAL. BC. Axes of this type are broadly contemporary with beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Leasingham, North Kesteven, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28 mm
Thickness: 6 mm
Description: 
A fragment from the tip of a middle to late Bronze Age spear. The frament is lentoid in cross-section. The surface and the perimeter are pitted, and the break is irregular and well patinated.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Roxby cum Risby, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 17.7 mm
Height: 22.2 mm
Thickness: 8.8 mm
Description: Copper alloy palstave axe fragment. Cast butt and ridges or flanges - more on one side than on the other, giving a partial I-section - from the end of a palstave axe, of comparable form to others from the locality (e.g. NLM-EE9650 and NLM-EE77E7) which are described as Type Silsden side-looped palstaves. The end of the butt is rounded, presumably by wear. The surface where this object was detached from the rest of the axe is rough and shows the pale green signs of recent corrosion. This probably represents a recent break. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1300-1150 BC.



Length: 17.7mm, Height: 22.2mm, Thickness (at ridge): 8.8mm
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Roxby cum Risby, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 22.7 mm
Thickness: 14.4 mm
Weight: 39.49 g
Description: Copper alloy socketed axe fragment. Cast lunate cutting edge from a socketed axe; the hollow socketed form is confirmed by a rectangular cavity measuring 28.5mm by 9mm revealed by its breakage behind the edge of the blade. The fracture surface is rough and pale green compared to the patinated external surface features which may indicate a fairly recent break. The marked inswing where the blade narrows to join the middle part of the axe (lost) contrasts with the form of other socketed axes reported from the vicinity, where the body widens only slightly before meeting the blade (e.g. NLM-6ABEB8) . Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1150-800 BC.



Length: 22.7mm, Height/Width: 52.1mm, Thickness: 14.4mm, Weight: 39.49gms.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hevingham, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34 mm
Weight: 45 g
Description: Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axe, with the cutting edge and part of the socket, badly crushed. The main break across the object is not recent but much of the scuffing is. Length more than 34mm. Width of cutting edge 42mm. Weight 45g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Towton, Selby, North Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 56.1 mm
Thickness: 5.1 mm
Weight: 4.6 g
Description: A copper alloy object; probably an awl and probably of Bronze Age date (2150 BC - 800 BC). One end of the object terminates in a sharp point and has a circular cross section. The object widens at its centre and becomes increasingly sub-rectangular in section. The object has been flattened towards the tang end and becomes sub-rectangular in section. This end of the object is flat, however it is slightly rough which suggests it has been broken and the object is incomplete. The object appears to have been cleaned so has lost much of its patina. For similar objects on the database see NMS-ACEA64, NMS-0F5EF3, SF-6FC795, LVPL-7E3686, GLO-9FB903 and HESH-399E94.



A date of Bronze Age has been given for this object due to similar examples on the database. However the record for a similar object - WMID-BA89E6 - states that, as awls are functional artefacts, their form changes very little from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval period. Similar awls were found during the excavations at York (Ottaway & Rogers, 2002, pages 2729-2730, fig 1338). Therefore such example could be of any date from the Bronze Age through to the Medieval Period (2150 BC to AD 1500).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (-1000 to 1700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bradfield, West Berkshire, West Berkshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 56 mm
Thickness: 3.81 mm
Weight: 9.46 g
Description: A cast copper alloy fragment, perhaps the tang and part of the shaft of a chisel, 56mm long. If so the cutting edge is missing. The tang has a circular section. The patina suggests a date much later than the Bronze Age.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Flordon, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 21.5 mm
Weight: 9.83 g
Description: Small fragment of the mouth of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe. Ancient breaks. Length 21.5mm. Weight 9.83. c.1000 - c.700 BC.


FLO12
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Otterton, East Devon, Devon (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Ingot, fragment. Approximately sub circular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 78mm, Width: 60mm, Thickness: 28mm, Weight: c.550g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately triangular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 94mm, Width: 77mm, Thickness: 34mm, Weight: c.750g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately subcircular in plan; rectangular in section; both faces are flat. Length: 58mm, Width: 52.5mm Thickness: 25.5mm, Weight: c.450g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately triangular in plan; plano-convex section. Length: 55mm; Width: 43mm; Thickness: 25mm, Weight: c.300g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximately rectangular in plan; rectangular section; both faces are flat. Length: 33.5mm; Width: 32.5mm; Thickness: 13mm, Weight: c.125g.

	
Ingot, fragment. Approximatley semi-circular in plan with plano-convex section.Length: 51mm Width: 32.5mm; Thickness: 17.5mm, Weight: c.125g.

	
Ingot fragment. Approximately triangular in plan with rectangular section and flat faces both sides. There is a hole in one of the sides and the item is hollow; this was probably caused by an air bubble during the casting process. Length: 39.5mm; Width: 33mm; Thickness: 15.mm, Weight: c.100g.





Discussion



These ingot fragments probably belong to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, dating to c.1000-800 BC. Four of the fragments are plano-convex, being rounded on one side and flat on the other. Ingots such as these were cast in a dish-shaped mould, and are often referred to as 'bun' ingots due to their shape. Ingots of raw metal were transported and traded throughout Britain and Europe during the Late Bronze Age. They were frequently broken up into fragments, ready to be smelted to make a range of bronze weaponry, tools and ornaments. Ingots (and ingot fragments) are a regular feature of LBA hoard deposits in southern England (cf. Turner 2010, 86-7). Numerous plano-convex ingot fragments have been recovered in Devon and the surrounding regions (e.g. Powell 2005a; 2005b), most notably the copper and tin ingots recovered from a probable shipwreck site off the coast of Salcombe (Roberts & Veysey 2011; Needham et al. forthcoming). Scientific analysis is currently being undertaken on the Salcombe finds at the British Museum (B. Roberts pers comm.). The East Devon finds are therefore significant for their potential (subject to future analysis) to reveal information regarding patterns of trade and exchange in the Late Bronze Age period in the South-West of Britain.
Notes: As these seven Late Bronze Age ingots were found in the same field within c. 20m of each other, they are most likely to originate from a single deposit, which has been dispersed. This material is eligible as Treasure under the Treasure Order (2002), as it is a base-metal prehistoric find containing two or more metal objects.
Subsequent action: Donated to museum after being declared Treasure
Object: Unidentified Object (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -1250)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Marham, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27 mm
Diameter: 13 mm
Weight: 6.04 g
Description: Probably Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object: a concave sided tube engraved very finely on the exterior with five sets of four circumferential lines separated by bands of closely spaced oblique lines, set in alternating directions by band. There is some modern scuffing on the ends and surfaces, but the object is otherwise in good condition. The decorative style is close to that found on objects of the Middle Bronze Age 'Ornament Horizon' such as Picardy pins (e.g. NMS-35C944). The piece was formerly identified as Roman, its length being very close to that of a waisted tube with rather different decoration from Brough-on-Humber (Wacher 1969, 87, fig. 37 no. 6). Length 27mm. Diameter 11mm at one end, 13mm at the other and 9.5mm at the centre. The wall is 1mm thick. c.1400 - c.1250 BC.



Found in area 13 on annotated map in file.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: CLAYTON, Mid Sussex, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.8 mm
Thickness: 11.5 mm
Weight: 11.78 g
Description: A fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper-alloy socketed axehead, dating to between 1000 - 800 BC.  The edge of  the fragment comprising the socket-end has a pronounced rim from which a small portion of the original mould line is visible. The fragment has a side loop that abuts the lower edge of the  moulded rim.  The fragment measures 29.8mm long, 20.9mm wide, 11.5mm thick with loop, 4.1mm thick without the loop and it weighs 11.78 grams.  The fragment is of an even dark green colour and patina, although pitted on both surfaces from corrosion. Due to its fragmented nature, a full identification of the type of socketed axehead is difficult.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2050 to -1700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Penllyn, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 79.9 mm
Thickness: 10.9 mm
Weight: 56.8 g
Description: Early Bronze Age bronze Developed flat axe of uncertain sub-type and of Needham's (1996) Period 3 dated to c. 2050 - 1700BC.



The axe is complete and is of diminutive size (with an overall length of 79.9mm and a weight of 56.8g). The butt (with a width of 13mm) is straight but angled. Both sides are convex, reaching its maximum width (of 17.1mm) immediately behind the proto stop ridge, before expanding sharply to produce an expanded blade edge. The side facets have been hammered and are also convex across their depths, with a maximum depth at the stop (of 10.9mm and a maximum height of 1.5mm). The angled side facets are decorated linear diagonals, in opposing directions on the opposite facets. There is no evidence for decoration at the central band of the sides. The flanges appear to end immediately before the butt. The septum is straight and gradually thickens to the stop (where the axe has a thickness of 8.9mm and a consistent septum width of 8mm). In front of the stop, the blade is decorated with four incised lines, before an intricate incised motif on the blade, comprising two columns (on each blade) of inverted V's, not quite meeting at the centre. The flanges on the blade give the appearance of converging at their terminals, defining a rounded end. Beneath is the blade facet, which is not decorated and gradually narrows to the blade edge. The blade (with a width 25.6mm) is slightly recurved. The surface has a dark-brown patina with some pitting and surface loss.
Notes: The axe has a number of unusual features and does not easily fit into the Developed axe sequence as defined by Schmidt & Burgess (1981) . The axe is considerably smaller than most developed axes and although similar sized examples are recorded as Type Bandon, Variant Swinton, these are rarely decorated and tend to have a squatter form than the slender form of this example.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Aldwincle, East Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 49.71 mm
Thickness: 15.57 mm
Weight: 4.8 g
Description: A Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl measuring 50mm. The awl is square in section in the centre; one end has a rounded section and the other a flat rectangle.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Drayton Bassett, Lichfield, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 26.14 mm
Thickness: 13.52 mm
Weight: 65.21 g
Description: Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed late Bronze Age axehead, circa 800-1100BC.  The axehead dates to the Wilburton or Ewart Park phases.  The lower blade and cutting edge survive with a shallow hollow indicating the terminal of the socket.  The breaks are antiquarian.  The fragment is trapezoidal in plan view with rounded edges, and sub triangular in section.  The cutting edge is curved and the sides of the lower blade are slightly flared.  The fragment has a green / brown patina and the surface is heavily abraded. Length: 26.14mm.  Width: 50.26mm.  Thickness: 13.52mm.  Weight: 65.21g.
Subsequent action: Donated to the Scheme for educational use
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1400 to -1250)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Burntwood, Lichfield, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 64.32 mm
Thickness: 2.95 mm
Weight: 28.9 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper alloy (bronze) dagger fragment of Middle Bronze Age dating (1400 BC to 1250 BC).


Less than 25% of the dagger is present. The rest is presumed, lost in antiquity. The dagger fragment is sub rectangular in plan. The dagger has a sub lentoid cross section. The remains of one rivet hole is present at the top, the other is missing. The blade tapers towards the edges. None of the edges are original, all have been damaged. Neither side of the blade exhibits decoration.


The blade measures 64.32 mm in length, 35.70 mm wide and 2.95 mm thick. It weighs 28.9 g.


The blade is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in the loss of some of the original surface patina, leaving areas of a lighter green colour. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion from occurring. To reduce the risk of this happening, the blade should be stored in a sealed air tight, dry box, such as a tupperware box, with a liquid seal, lined with acid free tissue paper and silica gel.
Notes: Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): I think this is the hilt and upper blade of a trapizodal hilted rapier of middle BA date. The remains of one rivet hole can be seen on the upper edge of the hilt - and the upper part is  a clear trapezoid tapering in width and expanding in section at the junction with the upper blade - which seems slightly stepped - although abrasion hasn't been kind - the blade looks lentoid in section and the upper plate has a flatter section.


From the profile I think it looks most like a Grp III rapier or more likely  a dirk (shorter rapier - under 30cm / 1ft in length)- see http://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/109896 and http://finds.org.uk/bronzeage/objects/rapiers-and-dirks


They are a tricky group to separate but fit within a broad later MBA tradition - 1400 - 1250 BC which fits with a Taunton / Penard assemblage - Needham period 5 Burgess metalwork stage VIII - IX.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hyde Lea, Stafford, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 33.83 mm
Thickness: 19.62 mm
Weight: 67.3 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper alloy socketed axehead, of Late Bronze Age dating (1150 BC to 800 BC).


Less than 25% of the socketed axehead is present, consisting of the base of the socket and the blade edge. The fragment is sub rectangular in plan, and triangular in section. The socket is rectangular in shape. Casting ridges are present along both of the sides. The blade edge is rounded and expands out at the sides. Possible filemarks are present on the front and back of the axehead.


The socketed axehead fragment measures 33.83 mm in length, 52.77 mm wide (at the blade), 41.23 mm wide (at the body), 19.62 mm thick (at the body), 3.46 mm thick (at the blade edge). The remnants of the socket is 15.13 mm deep. It weighs 67.3 g.


The socketed axehead is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface.


Peter Reavill (Herefordshire & Shropshire FLO) comments that it is late BA rather than Middle - as in post Wilburton - Llyn Fawr phase (1150-750 BC).  Almost all socketed axes are from the Ewart Park phase (1000-800 BC). It looks as if it comes from a narrow bladed axe - something like a Yorkshire or Meldrith type - but there is just not enough to say one way or the other (definitely not a Swales Axe).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder