dejp3/bronze-age-objects-pas huggingface dataset:
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Marazion, Cornwall, Cornwall (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 47 mm
Thickness: 7.5 mm
Weight: 52.84 g
Description: Cast copper alloy sword fragment with rounded point end and broken upper blade with the rest of the blade and hilt missing. The sides of the blade come to a point and there is a central ridge running up and down the blade, resembling the Ewart Park type sword shape in plan, which widens towards the bottom half of the blade. The fragment is lozenge-shaped in section, without a pronounced central ridge, which is typical of this type of sword section.
          The sword fragment is 47 mm long, 38 mm wide, 1.8 mm thick at the rounded end and 7.5 mm thick at the broken blade end, and 52.84g in weight.
    Needham (1998) illustrates two Ewart type swords on page 135, Fig.37, Nos.386-7.
    Pearce (1985) illustrates similar examples on p.460 & 467, Plate 145 b&e, Nos.325 & 365, from Devon and Cranborne, Dorset, respectively, which are dated to the Ewart Park phase.  
    Late Bronze Age c.1000-800 BC
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: St. Cuthbert Out, Mendip, Somerset (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 122 mm
Diameter: 26.5 mm
Thickness: 2 mm
Weight: 97.78 g
Description: Cast copper alloy socketed ferrule of a triangular basal-looped spearhead with the remains of the base of the loops on either side of the broken ferrule. Beyond these protrusions there are on either side about 10 mm of the base of the blade in the form of a slight ridge. The blades would have been leaf-shaped and bevelled. The ferrule has a long hollow socket which is circular in section and tapers towards the broken blade end. The opposite end of the socket is also damaged but the surface of the ferrule is in good condition, having a rich green shiny patina.

Similar examples can be found in Pearce (1983) from Lynton in Devon on page 448, Plate 34, No.270, and from Pimperne in Dorset on page 478, Plate 54, No.430b. The latter was found with a side-looped palstave. These types of spear-head are generally dated to the Penard phase (c.1300-1150 BC), as is an example from Maentwog, Gwynedd in Pearce (1984) page 38, Plate 10, which was found in a hoard with flat-ribbed rapiers.

Needham (1998) also illustrates a similar but complete example in his group of Penard metalwork on page 132, Fig.34, No.188.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Gouge (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy Wood
Found: , Thanet, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 93.5 mm
Thickness: 18.14 mm
Weight: 61 g
Description: Cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed gouge, with part of the wooden handle surviving.  The gouge itself is worn, possibly from water action, and is incomplete, most of the mouth having broken off.  There are a pair of faint incised transverse lines, presumably decoration, just below the mid- way point, around the back of the gouge.  The gouge measures 72.36mm in length, 18.14mm-20.07mm in width and it weighs 54g.  The wooden handle, which is shaped to fit the socket is 73.15mm long, 12.75mm-13.43mm wide and weighs 7g.  When the handle is inserted into the socket the combined object is 93.5mm long and weighs 61g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1050 to -600)
Found: Saredon, South Staffordshire, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 24.9 mm
Thickness: 12.4 mm
Weight: 54.1 g
Description: An incomplete tip of a cast bronze socketed axehead, dating from c. 1050-600 BC (length: 24.9mm; width: 45.8mm; thickness: 12.4mm; weight: 54.10g).  This rounded tip has a very blunted and possibly unfinished blade and only a small part of the bottom of the socket mouth is visible as a slight sub-rectangular indentation.  This artefact is in a worn and poor condition with a patchy dark brown patina remaining, although the object seems to have been coated in a substance.

In 'Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age', savory states that the socketed axe-head represents a change both in the method of hafting and the method of production.  This involves the adoption of a handle with a single knee-shaft prong, as well as the use of hollow casting and the 'cire perdue' process.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hawkley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 35.88 mm
Thickness: 13.9 mm
Weight: 40.21 g
Description: Fragment, probably from a copper alloy ingot.  The object is plano-convex in section.
L. 35.88mm.  W. 25mm.  Th. 13.9-7.6mm.  Wt. 40.21g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -900)
Found: Hawkley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39.51 mm
Thickness: 11.7 mm
Weight: 18.97 g
Description: Possible copper alloy ingot.  The object is rectangular in plan and section.  One surface is flat, the other has hammer marks along 24mm of its length.  Both ends have small flattened areas.
L. 39.51mm.  W. 9.84-11.45-10.43mm.  Th. 11.7-4.36mm.  Wt. 18.97g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hawkley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.12 mm
Thickness: 6.99 mm
Weight: 11.47 g
Description: Possible copper alloy ingot.  The object is a rod, D-shaped in section.  One side is slightly chamfered close to the flat surface
L. 34.12mm.  W. 8.37-6.1mm.  Th. 6.99-5.95mm.  Wt. 11.47g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hawkley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 21.2 mm
Thickness: 16.8 mm
Weight: 28.09 g
Description: Fragment, probably from the edge of a copper alloy ingot.  Plano-convex in section.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1200 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 23.5 mm
Weight: 15.83 g
Description: The tip of the upper part of a palstave axe. The sides are slightly raised. The central thickness is 7.5mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Acton Bridge, Cheshire West and Chester, Cheshire West and Chester (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 36 mm
Description: A fragment of a Late Bronze Age bronze socketed axe. Only the lower blade end is intact. The blade is slightly expanded and most of the cutting edge is intact. Light hammer rippling on the lower blade. The break is straight. The fragment is 36mm in length and is 57mm wide.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1300 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gainsborough, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 87 mm
Thickness: 20.2 mm
Weight: 104.26 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper-alloy socketed axehead. The body and blade is all that survives of the axehead. The mouth and loop are missing. Most of the original brown patina is damaged and only remains in patches on the back. The remaining light green surface is slightly pitted. The body of the axe is rectangular in plan with gently flaring sides that expand slightly into the lower blade and cutting edge. Most of the front face is missing, making the inside of the socket visible. Packed tightly inside the socket end are possibly the remains of a wooden shaft. 
  The surviving length is 87.0mm, the width midway down the body is 27.0mm and the maximum thickness is 20.2mm. The width from each blade tip is 35.0mm and the weight is 104.26g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Brailes, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.89 mm
Thickness: 3.44 mm
Weight: 3.1 g
Description: The object is possibly the tip of a Bronze Age spearhead. The heavy brown patina that is pitted suggests a prehistoric date. The section, which is an elongated lozenge suggests a projectile, probably a spearhead. 


  
  The object in plan is triangular with a broken lower edge. This break is not recent. In section is an elongated lozenge. 


  
  The tip measures 29.89mm long, 10.35mm wide and 3.44mm thick. It weighs 3.1g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2200 to -1450)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Atlow, Derbyshire Dales, Derbyshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 151 mm
Thickness: 13.1 mm
Description: A slightly incomplete cast copper early Bronze Age flat axe head, dating to between c. 2,200-1,450 BC (length: 151mm; width at blade: 60.7mm; thickness: 13.1mm; weight: exceeds weight limit of scales).  A large and heavy axe with much of the metal still existing, the butt is the thinnest point of the artefact and the width tapers outwards towards the blade which is slightly worn and broken.  Overall, the axehead is in a worn and poor condition with a pitted surface and no original surface still existing.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to MEDIEVAL (-2200 to 1500)
Found: Worfield, Shropshire, Shropshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 84 mm
Thickness: 3.2 mm
Weight: 31.21 g
Description: An incomplete cast bronze probable blade fragment, of an uncertain date from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period (length: 84mm; width: 28.8mm; thickness: 3.2mm; weight: 31.21g).  There is an incomplete probable rivet hole at one end, but no rivet remains.  All edges of the fragment are corroded and incomplete.  The artefact is in a worn but fair condition with a dark green patina and pitted surface.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Little Budworth, Cheshire West and Chester, Cheshire West and Chester (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 97 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Description: Early Bronze Age narrow-butted flat axe with expanded cutting edge. One side has raised flanges that appear to be cast rather than hammered. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Bead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurlaston, Blaby, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Diameter: 24 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy bead fragment, 24mm in diamter and 8mm thick. It is circular in shape, with a central hole. Only half the item remains. It is an unusual find and its indentification is not definite.
Notes: 
Pre P.A.S. Interpretation

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barkby Thorpe, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 16 mm
Thickness: 5 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy axe fragment, 16mm long, 17mm wide and 5mm thick. The object is sub rectangular in form and triangular in section and probably represents the edge of an axe.
Notes: 
Pre-PAS Identification

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barkby Thorpe, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 22 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy palstave?(butt end only), 22mm long and 24mm wide. The object is roughly rectangular in section and form and has a raised edge along two sides.
Notes: 
Pre-PAS Identification

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2150 to -750)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurnham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 103.1 mm
Thickness: 5.21 mm
Weight: 47.33 g
Description: Cast copper alloy rectangular-sectioned object with flared terminal. Both ends have a worn break. Possibly a Bronze Age chisel. The form and patina (which is an un-even green brown) possibly indicates an eastern Mediterranean origin. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Dirk (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1350 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Aylesford, Tonbridge and Malling, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 81.31 mm
Thickness: 6.61 mm
Weight: 65.93 g
Description: Cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age dirk or rapier blade. The blade narrows just below a trapzoidal shaped hilt, becoming parallel-sided, and is bent just before a worn transverse break. The hilt has two rivet holes, of 7.25mm diameter. One of these is incomplete, but the other retains a cylindrical copper alloy rivet, length 13mm by diameter 8.2mm. These rivets would have attached the handle, which would have been of an organic material such as wood or horn.



Based on the line drawing this fragment has been reidentified as a group IV dirk or rapier, and not a dagger as previously suggested. This allows the dating to be revised to being of either Middle or Late Bronze Age date most probably from the Penard metalworking industry dated to c. 1350 – 1000BC
Notes: This record has been updated by Peter Reavill (4/5/21) following information provided by Dr Brendan O'Connor.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Bead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to ROMAN (-2300 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Queniborough, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Diameter: 21 mm
Thickness: 13 mm
Description: 
A small diametered, thick, sub-circular sectioned cast bronze ring. These are seen from the Bronze Age onwards although in Richard Knox's opinion mostly from this early period. It is almost bead-like but presumably was designed to take some weight.

Notes: 
Pre P.A.S. Identification

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barkby Thorpe, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 42 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy spear fragment, 42mm long, 15mm wide and 7mm thick. The object is sub traingular in form and lozenge shaped in section. The object is badly damaged and has semi-circular in section. It tapers in width towards the narrower tip. The object is probably part of a spear head.
Notes: 
Pre P.A.S. Identification

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurcaston and Cropston, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 165 mm
Thickness: 6 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy incomplete blade point, measuring 165mm long, 20mm wide and 6mm thick.  The blade is long and slim, with a diamond shaped cross-section which bends up at the wider end.
Notes: Pre P.A.S Identification
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Slawston, Harborough, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 106 mm
Thickness: 27 mm
Weight: 190 g
Description: Late Bronze age socketed axe of South-eastern class D. The axe has faceted body angles and a slim body. The mouth is oval and the body has 10 facets. The upper edge of the shallow collar at the mouth is damaged. On each side of the casting ridge there are two ridges that begin 7mm apart and sweep down towards the edge of the blade where they meet. This produces a clean flat blade. The axe has one side loop 21mm long and 7mm in diameter. The axe is 106mm long and the blade edge is 43mm wide. T he object is in fair condtion having quite extensive bronze disease (developed since its discovery) but otherwise has a good brown patina.  The axe is a very fine example of Bronze age casting.,
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Slawston, Harborough, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 69 mm
Thickness: 30 mm
Weight: 130 g
Description: Late Bronze age faceted socketed axe, 69mm long and 41mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a brown patina and some green corrosion. The axe has a circular collared socket and a body which begins with a square section and tapers down to a rectangular section 33mm long and 17mm wide. At this point the axe has snapped. The axe has prominent casting ridges down each side and one side loop, 24mm long and 10mm wide.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2150 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurcaston and Cropston, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 89 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 95 g
Description: Early Bronze age copper alloy flat axe, 89mm long and 42mm wide. The axe is in fair condition with a brown/green patina and weighs 95grams. The axe has a narrow and long body which begins 17mm wide and 3mm thick. It tapers gradually and reaches its thickest just under half way along its length where it is 10mm thick and 21mm wide. From this point the axe widens slightly and becomes gradually thinner until it fans out to a blade 42mm wide and 1.5mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Glenfields, Blaby, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight: 50.98 g
Description: Bronze age copper alloy socketed axe fragment, 50mm long and 37mm wide. The axe is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 50.98 grams. The axe has a rectangular section and is 20mm thick and 27mm wide where it has broken. It has a casting ridge running down the inside of its widest edge and one visible on the outer side where there is also the remains of a side loop. The blade fans out quite steeply and has clear signs of use with lipping on one side and scratch marks running from its edge.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Gouge (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Glenfields, Blaby, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 47 mm
Diameter: 12 mm
Weight: 13.96 g
Description: Bronze age copper alloy socketed gouge, 47mm long and 12mm in diameter. The object is in quite poor condition with a damaged upper edge. It has a brown patina and weighs 13.96grams. The object is sub-rectangular in form and sub-circular in section, tapering slightly becoming 2mm narrower at the tip. The Gouge blade is formed of a V shaped recess 29mm long which begins in teh centre of the object at 1.5mm wide, expanding to 10mm wide at the rounded flat tip.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1250 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurcaston and Cropston, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27 mm
Thickness: 12 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy axe butt, 27mm long, 24mm wide and 12mm thick. Only the tip survives. In section this is triangular.
Notes: Pre PAS Identification
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -701)
Found: Melksham, Wiltshire, Wiltshire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Weight: 16.48 g
Description: Fragment of Middle/ Late Bronze Age bronze socketed spearhead, probably from (quite a large) flame- or leaf- shaped spearhead (possibly Greenwell & Brewis Type IV). The breaks are ancient and the fragment now very worn, although some knocks are recent. It is broken horizontally across the socket. The edges of the blade are worn although the bevelling is still visible.
The fragment is from near the tip and has broken across the socket to one side and the solid spear tip to the other. The spearhead is pointed oval in section with a broad flat mid-rib (socket 9xc.6mm).
The fragment measures 28x28x8mm and weighs 16.48g.
Spearheads of the Middle Bronze Age tend to be well crafted and survive well in the ground. I am leaning more to a Late Bronze Age date for this fragment.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -1900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Great Horkesley, Colchester, Essex (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50.54 mm
Thickness: 7.98 mm
Weight: 77.55 g
Description: Fragment of Early Bronze Age flat axe. This fragment represents the lower body and blade of the axe. When complete it would have been a flattened lentoid in profile. The remains of the body of the axe flare broadly into the crescentic blade. The cutting edge and blade tips are now heavily worn. To either side of the body of the axe are barely perceptible, low flanges that diminish before reaching the blade. The surface of the axe is heavily pitted. The original surface has a mid green patina, but exposed lower surfaces are light green and bright green. The upper body and butt of the axe are missing. The break is almost horizontal and well worn, suggesting damage occurred in antiquity. The regular break may suggest that it was deliberately broken, perhaps for inclusion in a scrap hoard. The axe is 50.54mm long, 44.82mm wide from blade tip to tip, has a maximum thickness of 7.98mm and weighs 77.55g. It probably dates to the Aylesford phase, c.2000-1900BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Weapon (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hatfield Broad Oak, Uttlesford, Essex (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 31.26 mm
Thickness: 5.18 mm
Weight: 28.08 g
Description: Fragment of copper alloy middle to late Bronze Age blade. This fragment is subsquare in plan and a flattened lentoid in section. There is no median rib or ridge. It is 31.26mm long, 37.54mm wide, 5.18mm thick and weighs 28.08g. The two cutting edges and one has a significant nick to one corner. The break edges are regular and worn. This might suggest that the blade was deliberately cut in antiquity, perhaps for inclusion in a scrap or ‘founders’ hoard. Some of the original surface survives with a mid green patina, but the mostly exposed lower surface is light green. There is a significant patch of brown corrosion to one side.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , Canterbury, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 142.62 mm
Thickness: 27.49 mm
Weight: 385 g
Description: Cast copper alloy unlooped middle Bronze Age palstave axehead. The blade has a wide cresent shaped cutting edge that is corroded and chipped with no evidence of the original sharp edge. There is a triangular shaped recess below the stop ridge (blade end) on one side, while corrosion obscures this on the other side. The stop ridge is rectangular in plan, and diamond shaped in profile. There is an old break at the butt end. Casting scars are found down the length of both sides. Mainly dark green in colour with lighter green pitting caused by corrosion. The original polished dark brown patina is only seen in the sockets. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1725 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Market Drayton, Shropshire, Shropshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 122.7 mm
Thickness: 21.6 mm
Weight: 270.7 g
Description: Complete copper alloy low-flanged axe of Early Bronze Age date. The axe belongs to Type Arreton (following Schmidt and Burgess 1981) or Class 5 (following Needham 1983; forthcoming). It can be dated to the Arreton metalworking phase (1725-1500 cal. BC), falling within the later half of Period 4 (Needham 1996; Needham et al. 1997).



The axehead has an overall length of 122.7mm and weighs 270.7g. The butt is rounded and has a width of 20mm. The septum gradually thickens to the curved and prominent median bevel, positioned 55mm from the butt. The sides are comparatively straight and diverge slightly towards the blade, with a width at the median of 26.5mm and a width of 29mm before the sides expand to the blade. The sides are curved across their thickness. The flanges are lozenge-shaped and are longer at the rear. The flanges come to a point at the butt and because the butt is convex, it is visible as the characteristic 'projecting tongue' when viewed from the side. The flanges have a maximum breadth at the position of the median of 21.6mm. The blade side expands to produce a deep crescentic blade edge with a width of 69.6mm. Blade facets are evident c. 14mm from the blade edge and may have been highlighted by a low step upwards running across the blade which is discernible on both faces. There are striations running across the width of the axe positioned on the blade between the beginning of the flange and the stop, these may possibly be only evident here because of better surface preservation. The striations may have been intended as crude decoration. The axe has been recently treated with an applied coating. The surface, where it survives, has a dark green to black patina (exaggerated by the applied coating) and has a silvery tint, probably because of surface tin enrichment.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -950)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Crosby Ravensworth, Eden, Cumbria (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39 mm
Weight: 38.47 g
Description: Mouth fragment of cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to c. 1100-950 BC, or possibly a little later. It comes from a plain axe with a 'rope' upper mouth moulding. There is no indication of casting seams, meaning that it is a fragment of a face, not a side of the axe. Moreover, the mouth fragment comes from a mis-cast axe, as the thinness of one side/face and mouth moulding indicate. It is questionable whether or not it was ever used. If the mis-casting meant that it was too incomplete and the structure was too weak for use, it would have been recycled. This is probably what this fragment was meant for.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1200 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Paulerspury, South Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 17.9 mm
Thickness: 8.6 mm
Weight: 5.4 g
Description: A fragment from a small cast copper-alloy spearhead or arrowhead, likely to date from the late Bronze Age, from circa 1200 to 800 BC. The weapon is socketed (existing socket size 7.3 mm in diameter). The object is unfortunately broken at both the socketed end and the blade end. The result of the socket causes a convex ridge to run down the obverse and the reverse of the blade. In profile the object is therefore oval with a wing at either side. The edges of the blade begin to taper towards the break at the socketed end of the object, whilst the ridge caused by the socket continues to expand - the original socket size would therefore be somewhate larger than that which remains. Determining whether this find is an arrowhead or a spearhead is not aided by its fragmented nature, although socketed spearheads seem to be better attested than socketed arrowheads in the literature concerning the later Bronze Age. Examples of socketed spearheads are illustrated in Needham (1990, 55; 32/72, 47, 82) and Langmaid (1976, 53; 19).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1200 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Paulerspury, South Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.5 mm
Thickness: 3 mm
Weight: 4.7 g
Description: A very worn cast copper-alloy fragment, possibly from a Bronze Age blade.  The object has shallow facets and is lozenge shaped in section.  It has sufferes losses and is thus hard to identify, however the slight nature of the fragment may suggest a later dirk, small rapier, knife or dagger. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ring (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (2000 to 1700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Rushden, East Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Diameter: 16.5 mm
Weight: 1.1 g
Description: A crude copper-alloy sub-circular ring. The ring is penannular with one slightly pointed end. It was possibly used as an ear ring, although there are a number of other uses for such artefact types. One such use might be a link in a chain. A similar artefact is illustrated in Crummy (1983, 50; 1796) which is cited as being a possible Roman ear ring. However other penannular rings of a not dissimilar nature make up links from a possible chain mesh purse (Crummy 1983, 50; 1850). A definite function for such items is thus difficult to ascertain, and when discovered outside a stratified context determining a date is likewise problematic. They may date from as early as the Bronze Age, whilst they may be as late as post-medieval.
Notes: A further ring, similar in form although larger was found in the same area. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Tregoney, Cornwall, Cornwall (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 42 mm
Thickness: 17 mm
Weight: 64.61 g
Description: Cast copper alloy fragment of an ingot, triangular in plan, and in profile, a smoother convex surface leading down to a rougher edge or base, which comes off at about a 30° angle. This profile suggest that it may come from a plano-convex ingot, similar to those found in the Late Bronze Age across the county.
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Cossington, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39 mm
Diameter: 6 mm
Weight: 4.76 g
Description: Bronze age ? copper alloy Spear head, 39mm long and 11mm wide. The object is in good condition with a dark brown patina and weighs 4.76 grams. The arrow has a tapering shaft which begins 6mm in diameter and continues up to its tip where its about 3mm in diameter. It has a ridge running down the centre on both sides. The 'blades' are curved giving it an almond shape, and has a chamferred point 2mm wide. The object is still sharp along these edges.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2000 to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Upper Broughton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 106 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead, 106mm long and 56mm wide. The axe is an early Bronze Age type.
Notes: Pre-PAS Identification
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Upper Broughton, Rushcliffe, Nottinghamshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 24 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, 24mm long and 19mm wide. Only the tip of this spearhead is preserved.
Notes: Pre-PAS Identification
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-12150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Selby, Selby, North Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 15.4 mm
Diameter: 28.6 mm
Weight: 35.24 g
Description: Probably a copper-alloy Bronze Age casting gate or jet. The gate has a flat sub-circular platform with ten integral conical projections on the underside. The projections splay outwards at a slight angle. Some of the projections are now incomplete.  The platform varies slightly in thickness and has a sub-circular perforation just off the centre point. The diameter of the platform is 28.6mm, the length of the platform and projection is 15.4mm and the weight is 35.24g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Winwick, Warrington, Warrington (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27 mm
Weight: 35.85 g
Description: Tip of late Bronze Age socketed axe head. Blade expands at tip. 
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Dagger (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Sudbrooke, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 111 mm
Thickness: 3.2 mm
Description: Incomplete copper alloy knife, or dagger. The dagger is leaf shaped, slender and roughly a pointed oval in cross-section. Either side of the blade there are developed bevels; two either side of the main ridge angling down towards the blade edge. The blade tapers towards the tip, which is now flat through wear rather than being pointed. The flat tip is well patinated, having the same patination as the blade body. The edges of the blade are damaged in places with small concave 'nicks', and are again covered with the same patination as the blade tip and body. The tang is roughly rectangular and flares slightly towards the gently curved and worn shoulders. There is a single rivet hole in the centre of the tang to attach it to the handle. The rivet hole is circa 4mm in diameter. The surface condition is very poor with extensive loss due to corrosion. Limited areas of original surface, patinated dark brown remain mainly on the tang and the tip-end of the blade. Elsewhere the surface is smooth and medium brown in colour. 


Dating is slightly problematic. In form the knife is similar to some small rivetted knife/daggers of the Camerton-Showshill phase of the late Early Bronze Age to early Middle Bronze Age, though they usually have a flat blade in cross-section. The blade section and rivet notches suggest a Middle Bronze Age date to be most likely, there are similar examples from Beck Row, Mildenhall (Pendleton 1999, Fig 51-206).


Locally, the blade is comparable to one from Bourne, Lincolnshire (Davey, 1973, fig. 19 no. 193, although classified as a dirk), another from Caenby, Lincolnshire (ibid, p90, fig 23, no. 220).











This object was found in association with other Bronze Age, Iron Age and early Roman material, including fIVE terret rings, as listed below. The terret rings were recorded under the Treasure Act (2006 T187) but were declared 'not treasure' due to a lack of evidence to relate them together. The assemblage as a whole however indicates that the site is significant, perhaps as a religious or cult centre.












Plain/simple terret: LIN-676E77

    
Mini terret: LIN-6799A3

    
Flat-ringed terret: LIN-670AF0

    
Copper alloy bar: LIN-DDA7C2

    
Skirted terret: LIN-F0BD14

    
Knobbed terret: LIN-F0FAB4

    
Bronze Age terminal/pommel: LIN-34D2A3

    
Horse harness fitting or belt loop:

    
Langton Down brooch: LIN-03A0A3

    
Bronze Age axe: LIN-14A4E7
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (-2000 to 1699)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: North Thoresby, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Two fragments of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (-2000 to 1699)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: North Thoresby, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 46 mm
Thickness: 9 mm
Description: Fragment of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL (-2000 to 1699)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: North Thoresby, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40 mm
Thickness: 6 mm
Description: Fragment of copper alloy casting waste.  The surfaces are very irregular.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Duxford, South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire (Eastern)
Discovery method: Building work
Length: 87 mm
Thickness: 33 mm
Description: Complete cast copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Eastern type [Type A]. The mouth of the axe is subsquare and there is a double mouth moulding. Around the mouth of the axe there are sprues. The body of the axe is rectangular, with straight sides, which then flare into the lower blade slightly expanded cutting edge. The cutting edge is intact and there are slight marks along the blade edge where it has been resharpened. The axe has a triangular profile. The side loop is semicircular with a semicircular perforation. A prominent casting seam runs down either side of the axe as far as the mid point. It is particularly prominent above the loop. The original surface of the axe partially survives with a dark green to black patina, worn and pitted in places. The axehead measures 87mm in length, the blade has a width of 40mm, the mouth 33mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welshpool, Powys, Powys (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 112 mm
Thickness: 44 mm
Description: Complete Late Bronze Age, copper-alloy, looped, socketed axehead. It has 3 parallel ribs running along either side of the blade, a double moulding around the mouth and a distinctive lump between the loop and the blade. A very similar example was excavated from the Breiddin Hillfort (about 10km away) and this form is a common type in north and east Wales and the Marches (Musson, C R et al 1991, pp133 & 136).

Three axeheads were found at Cherrytree Bank, Welshpool in 1977 (CPAT PRN2192). Two were donated to Powysland Museum, the third was retained by the finder (or a member of his family) and subsequently lost. This was found in a house in Llanymynech and appears (from records made in 1977) to be the missing axehead. Re-reported in July 2005.
Notes: Donated to Powysland Museum, Welshpool in 2008 to be reunited with the other 2 axeheads. Currently (April 2009) undergoing conservation at National Museum Wales in Cardiff.
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gaddesby, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50 mm
Weight: 8.91 g
Description: Bronze age copper alloy spearhead/arrowhead tip, 50mm long and 13mm wide. The object is in a fair condition with a brown patina and weighs 8.91 grams. It has a lozenge shaped section comprising of a tapering circular shaft with flared blade.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Eglwyswrw, Pembrokeshire, Pembrokeshire (Wales)
Discovery method: Agricultural or drainage work
Length: 90 mm
Thickness: 25 mm
Description: Damaged socketed Bronze Axe
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , Oxford, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 147 mm
Thickness: 11 mm
Weight: 158 g
Description: A Middle Bronze Age copper alloy tanged chisel (1500-1150BC).  The chisel has a curved cutting edge (width: 36mm) that narrows to form parallel sides with a rectangular tang.  There are no signs of damage to the cutting edge.  Chisels of this type are not that common, a couple of other examples are known from Suffolk and Wales.  Dark green glossy patina.  Dimensions:  length: 147mm; width of cutting edge: 36mm; thickness of cutting edge: 4mm; thickness at centre: 11mm; thickness of tang: 9mm; weight: 158g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1200 to -900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hawkhurst, Tunbridge Wells, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 52 mm
Thickness: 12 mm
Weight: 19.7 g
Description: 1200-900BC. Copper alloy, cast but broken and badly corroded, socketed Bronze Age spear tip. Although badly corroded with the cutting edges and body corroded or broken away there is a remnant of a dark green patina between the body of the spear and the cutting edges.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Dagger (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Collingham, Newark and Sherwood, Nottinghamshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 23 mm
Thickness: 2.5 mm
Weight: 1.86 g
Description: Possible tip of Bronze Age dagger. Incipient mid-rib
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Kings Somborne, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 38 mm
Diameter: 4 mm
Weight: 2.69 g
Description: A possible awl of late Bronze Age date. One end is bullet-shaped and pointed while the other is flat like a screwdriver
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barrington, Cotswold, Gloucestershire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 121.56 mm
Diameter: 22.45 mm
Weight: 79.38 g
Description: A Mid Bronze Age side-looped leaf-shaped spearhead (1500-1150 BC).  The spearhead has a leaf-shaped blade where the widest point (width 24.21mm) is low down on the blade near the socket.  There is a very pronounced, angular midrib with a lozengiform cross-section becoming round towards the socket.  The midrib runs from the tip and extends into the socket (length: 94.28mm).  There is a groove running parallel to the cutting edge alongside the edge bevel.  Notches and pits are present along the cutting edge but is difficult to determine if this damage is ancient or more modern.  The external surface of the socket has been cast so that is it facetted to form an octagon.  The interior of the socket has a circular section and internally extends 53.40mm into the blade.  On opposing sides of the socket, approximately 10mm from the edge of the socket, are two side loops to attach the spearhead to the haft.  The loops are narrow with a semi-circular profile (width: 1.90mm; length 4.19mm).  Glossy dark green patina. The object is 121.56mm long, 30.91mm wide, the diameter of the socket is 22.45mm and it weighs 79.38g.
    
    Ehrenberg, M.R. 1977.  Bronze Age Spearheads from Berks, Bucks and Oxon.  British Archaeological Reports No. 34.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1100 to -600)
Found: Penllyn, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 32.5 mm
Thickness: 14.8 mm
Weight: 51.8 g
Description: Late Bronze Age socketed axe fragment. This is a side fragment from near the blade of a socketed axe of undetermined type and dating from between 1100 and 600 BC. The fragment has a height of 32.5mm, a width of 24.3mm and a maximum thickness of 14.8mm (minimum thickness of 7.2mm). The axe was likely to have been made from a heavily-leaded bronze and the fragment weighs 51.8g. The base of the socket is visible at the top of the fragment with a surviving depth of 7.4mm. The side of the axe is slightly convex and is beginning to curve outwards at the bottom, probably implying a somewhat expanded blade edge. The casting seam is not visible on the side of the axe suggesting the axe was well-finished or used. Both faces of the axe have been heavily-battered, leaving pounding marks and partially closing the socket. The surface of the axe fragment is in good condition with a mid to dark green patina.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Pin (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE (-750 to -100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Penllyn, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 99.2 mm
Diameter: 4 mm
Weight: 7.3 g
Description: Copper alloy pin of ring-headed type, dating from the end of the Bronze Age to Middle Iron Age, c. 750 – 100BC. The pin is complete, but has distorted slightly near the tip and has an overall length of 99.2mm. The pin is of circular section with a diameter of between 3 and 4mm. The head forms a circular ring with an external diameter of 14.2mm (8mm internal). The ring is slightly open with a gap of c.0.5mm between the end of the ring and the neck. The neck forms the characteristic U-bend, before the near right-angle to the pin shaft (86mm in length). The diameter of the shaft is constant until c. 35mm from the tip, where the pin thins to the point. The only decoration evident on the pin is a single incised line on the front and sides of the head, 2mm from the end of the loop. The pin weighs 7.3g and is in good condition with much of the surface preserved and a mid-brown patina. This find represents the twelfth recorded find of ring-headed and swan’s-neck pins in South East Wales (comprising the old counties of Glamorgan & Gwent) (Gwilt in press), including the five recent examples excavated at Llanmaes, Vale of Glamorgan. Ring-headed pins of this form without a solid ring commonly carry simple decoration with notches on the front of the ring (Dunning 1934, pp274). The simple decoration on this form of pin can be paralleled with an example from Meare in Somerset (ibid. fig 3) and from Margan foreshore in Wales (Wear, unpublished) where an example has further notches along the neck and head. Few ring-headed pins have been recovered from a securely dated context, but the simple form and decoration on this example may suggest a date within the first half of the date range suggested above.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder