dejp3/bronze-age-objects-pas huggingface dataset:
Object: Miniature Object (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to ROMAN (-800 to 410)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Shrewton, Wiltshire, Wiltshire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 14.06 mm
Height: 13.2 mm
Thickness: 8.5 mm
Weight: 5.1 g
Description: A complete Bronze Age to Roman copper alloy miniature socketed axehead dating to c 800 BC - AD 410. It is rectangular in form, partly hollow, tapering from an oval mouth to a vertical cutting edge. It does not have the usual loop, instead it has a circular hole through the upper part of the blade itself, perhaps to allow it to be suspended and worn.



Dimensions: 13.2mm in height; 14.1mm in length; 8.5mm thick; 5.1g in weight



This resembles Robinson's Type IVa 'Miniature axes with parallel vertical sides - essentially square' (nos. 16-18), although as the edges flare a little it also has some similarity with Type IIb 'miniature axes with an expanding straight sided profile - short stubby axes' (nos. 8 and 9). Robinson does, however, note that no. 9 of Type II can be compared with no. 18 of class IV, and, therefore, Type IV is suggested for this miniature axehead. Similar objects on the database are WILT-669E9D and WILT-B9731D, which both exhibit the same sub-square form as this example.



The dating of miniature axeheads is from the late Bronze Age to Roman periods, but they are more common from the Roman period. Robinson dates no.18 to the Roman period, although does not give an explanation for this dating. No. 16, however, was found with a hoard of Bronze Age and Iron Age objects. A wide date range is therefore suggested for this example.



Miniature socketed axeheads possibly functioned as amulets or votive offerings (Robinson 1995, 60).



Ref:  Robinson, P. (1995) 'Miniature socketed bronze axes', The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine, vol. 88, 60-68
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Egham Town, Runnymede, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 55 mm
Thickness: 8.4 mm
Weight: 56.05 g
Description: A fragment of a copper alloy blade from a late Bronze Age sword dating to c. AD 1000-800 BC. The blade section is 55mm long with old breaks at both ends. The cross section is lenticular, with a pronounced rounded midrib of 8.3mm thick with grooved sides and bevelled blade edges.
Subsequent action: Returned to Landowner
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: St. Fagans, Cardiff, Cardiff (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 32.2 mm
Thickness: 11.8 mm
Weight: 39.72 g
Description: A fragmentary cast copper alloy axe head of Late Bronze Age date. The type is uncertain, but probably South Wales (Stogursey) Type of Ewart Park metalworking industry dated to c.950-750 BC, but possibly of Wilburton-Wallington through to Llyn Fawr industries dating to c.1150-600 BC. 



The axehead is represented by the end of the blade only with a straight transverse break across its width resulting in a surviving length of 32.3mm. The break happened in antiquity and is likely evidence for deliberate breakage of the object prior to deposition, or ‘ritual killing’. The width at the break is 33.2mm (11.8mm thick) with traces of the hollow ovoid socket surviving (internal dimensions of the remaining socket 23mm x 6.9mm ). The sides are bevelled toward their centre with casting seams running along their surviving centre, terminating c.6.6mm before the blade edge. One casting seam has been damaged by corrosion, but the surviving seam suggests that it was finished. The blade edge has a slight expansion and possibly uneven curve, although damage to the original surface makes it difficult to tell for certain. The blade edge has a medium curvature (max width 36.3mm) with some damage to the original surface edge. The faces of the axe are gradually convergent and very slightly convex with the end of a single raised rib decoration preserving on one face (surviving rib length 7.8mm from the break). Some striations from sharpening are suggested, mostly concentrated on one face. The surface has a dark brown patina with areas of damage revealing bright green bronze corrosion beneath. The fragment weighs 39.72g.



The fragmentary condition of the axe makes typological identification uncertain. The form indicates a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date, c. 1,150 – 600BC of Wilburton-Wallington, Ewart Park or Llyn Fawr metalworking industries. However, the form, scale and ribbed decoration suggest the axe to be of South Wales or allied type and of Ewart Park metalworking industry (c. 950-750BC). The inward hammered at the break would suggest deliberate damage prior to deposition.



Similar objects are recorded on the PAS database e.g. NMGW-EEFAFA, NMGW-31C923, NMGW-32296E, NMGW-219CA8
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Eastry, Dover, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28.96 mm
Thickness: 5.84 mm
Weight: 29.47 g
Description: A fragment of cast copper-alloy balded fragment of Middle to Late Bronze Age date, likely from a sword, rapier or dirk.



Description: The fragment has a lozenge-shaped cross section and near paralalel bladed sides. The midrib is very low and not extenuated. The irregular breaks and bent ends are well patinated, suggesting the damage occurred in antiquity, possibly intentionally as is common with contemporary weapon and tool fragments



Measurements: Length: 28.96mm; width: 37.71mm; thickness: 5.84mm. Weight: 29.47g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Billesdon, Harborough, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 26.6 mm
Thickness: 10.9 mm
Weight: 53.6 g
Description: A fragment of Bronze Age axe, dating to c. 1500 - 8000 BC. Axe head type not further defined, possibly a fragment of socketed axehead. The fragment is the blade end of the axehead with a ragged transverse break cutting across its body.  There is no trace of a socket at this broken end. Beyond the break the axe widens in smooth concave curves to the blade edge which is crescent shaped. 

Length: 26.6 mm

Width: 48.6 mm

Thickness: 10.9 mm

Weight: 53.6 g



Dr Edward Caswell comments: Given the extent of the curve of the blade and the even thickening towards the centre in cross section, the fragment is likely to be from a Late Bronze Age (c.1150 - 800 cal BC) socketed axehead.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Grappenhall and Thelwall, Warrington, Warrington (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 63.32 mm
Thickness: 7.24 mm
Weight: 26.88 g
Description: An incomplete copper alloy Bronze Age spearhead dating to c.1500-800 BC.



The object consists of the upper section of the blade only; the lower portion and socket are missing. The blade is triangular in shape and lozenge in section. From the tip of the spearhead is a central ridge that runs vertically towards the socketed base on both faces. These two ridges form a shallow oval cross section and are flanked by thinner blades that taper to a worn and broken point. The base of the blade is incomplete with a worn break. Overall the object has a smooth mid-green patina.



Dimensions: Length 63.32mm; width 37.47mm; thickness 7.24mm; weight 26.88g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Grappenhall and Thelwall, Warrington, Warrington (North West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.83 mm
Thickness: 10.89 mm
Weight: 13.79 g
Description: A fragment copper alloy spearhead dating to the early to middle Bronze Age c.1500-1100 BC. Possibly a Davis (2017) Group 8 “Incorporated basal looped” which are described as 'Normally longer than the developed side looped spearhead.'



The object consists of a fragment of the blade only; the rest of the blade and socket are missing. The blade is broadly triangular in shape with a prominent central ridge on both faces that produces a lozenge cross section. The blade edges thin from the centre ridge. The edges are worn and broken and the tip and base are missing. Overall the object has a smooth brown patina.



Dimensions: Length 34.83mm; width 22.83mm; thickness 10.89mm; weight 13.79g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2350 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bressingham, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 88 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 182.4 g
Description: Early Bronze Age copper-alloy flat axehead. It has a wide convex cutting edge and a narrower convex butt end. The two side edges connecting these&nbsp;are longitudinally concave and flaring but transversally convex. Viewed from either of the side edges&nbsp;the axehead is lentoid: thickest in the middle and tapering convexly to a point at the cutting and butt ends. It is virtually complete, with two small but noticeable deformations at the cutting edge and another at the butt end, most probably caused&nbsp;by&nbsp;impact. 

Both faces have a similar cast-in decoration or texture resembling wrinkles or fibres, which are very broadly linear, oriented along the longitudinal axis. They appear at six millimetres from the butt edge and continue up to ten millimetres before the cutting edge, spanning the full width of each face and spreading outwards as the width of the axehead expands. The side edges are not decorated. c. 2350-1500 BC

Length: 88.0mm. Width: 58.3mm. Thickness: 10.0mm. Weight: 182.4g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1001)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Salle, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 52.5 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Weight: 14.46 g
Description: Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy spearhead, end of blade with blunt damaged point of lozengiform section. The damaged cutting edges have a slight concave taper to the point. The lower end is broken with no trace of a socket. Extant length 52.5mm. Extant width 18mm. Extant thickness 8mm. Weight 14.46g. c. 1600 - c. 1000 BC.
Notes: ENF152146
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Arrowhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2500 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Meldreth, South Cambridgeshire, Cambridgeshire (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.41 mm
Thickness: 3.05 mm
Weight: 4.4 g
Description: An incomplete copper alloy Arrowhead of Bronze Age date (2500-1500 BC). The object is sub triangular in form and ovoid in cross section and is of Barbed and Tanged form. The upper end of the object is pointed, while the lower end has a rectangular central tang, which is flanked by one complete and one partial barb. The space between the tang and barbs is semi-circular. There is a central shallow rib running longitudinally on both the upper and lower surfaces. The outer edges are slightly bevelled. 



Length: 34.41mm, Width: 22.35mm, Thickness: 3.05mm, Weight: 4.4g



The metal is dark brown in colour with a pitted patina. 



A similar arrowhead is recorded in database record SUR-D9AFD8, where Dr Simon Maslin notes:



Bronze Age flat barbed and tanged copper-alloy arrowheads are known from Britain, though they are rare finds. Other examples on the database include SWYOR-3A2CF7, NMS-B061B6, NMS-F982A3, WMID-CE6A76, NARC-F9B223, LEIC-13A0FE, NMS-477E93 and SF6680. This appears to be the fourth recorded example from Wiltshire.



In contrast there is only one example known from a secure British Bronze Age archaeological context (the Penard hoard, Archaeologica 71, page 138). At the time of its discovery, it was a unique find in Britain and was presumed to be an import on the basis of a range of previous finds of bronze arrowheads recorded from Northern France. PAS recorded finds have since demonstrated that these bronze arrowheads were also a British tradition. Though the barbed and tanged form was used in flint from the Early Bronze Age, the Penard find was dated to 1275-1140 BC, suggesting at least a Middle Bronze Age date for copper alloy examples such as this one.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Norton Malreward, Bath and North East Somerset, Bath and North East Somerset (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 23 mm
Description: 
Copper alloy socketed spearhead fragment that dates to the middle to late Bronze Age. This is the tip of the spearhead and has a pronounced spine running down its centre that is circular in cross-section, this is flanked by thin blades that taper to a fine point. The rear of the spear is truncated resulting in the loss of the socket and rear section of the blades.

Notes: 
This item is recorded from an emailed image supplied by the finder.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1550 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Beckington, Mendip, Somerset (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 24.1 mm
Weight: 2.98 g
Description: A fragment of a cast copper alloy&nbsp;spear tip probably dating from&nbsp;the middle or late Bronze Age (1550 BC-800&nbsp;BC). &nbsp;The tip is lozengiform in cross section, the blade wings and midrib cutting edges are all in good condition although the very end of the tip is missing. &nbsp;There is no socket hole. &nbsp;The blades&nbsp;&nbsp;and midribs are black and in between these&nbsp;the spear tip is a rich orange colour.&nbsp;

The spear tip measures 24.1 mm in length, the maximum width of the cutting edge is 10.9 mm, the minimum width is 4.3 mm. &nbsp;It weighs 2.98 grams.

Not enough of the spearhead has remained to be able to date this fragment to a more precise range.

c.f.&nbsp;OXON-EDE3B4 on the PAS database
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rod (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -1100)
Material: Gold 
Found: Roxby cum Risby, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 200 mm
Thickness: 3.1 mm
Weight: 14.4 g
Description: A contorted fragment of rod of triangular section; the faces are concave and the flanges formed at their junctions are therefore acute. A moderate double twist at a point where the rod is bent appears to be a deliberate feature, but elsewhere very slight twists are likely to be due to distortion. There are no cut-marks, nor any crushing at the breaks.





Maximum dimension (in contorted state) 55 mm; approximate extended length 200 mm; thickness 2.5 – 3.1 mm; weight 14.4 g
Notes: In its fragmentary state it is difficult to definitively identify the Risby-cum-Roxby object. Twisting is a regular feature of Middle Bronze Age gold bar ornaments in Britain and Ireland, and in general this may offer the best context. Although most commonly of square section, such ornaments can occasionally have a triangular section (Eogan 1994, 53-7). Also unusual is the intermittent nature of the twisting, but very occasional parallels can be found. It is possible that intermittent twisting may in some cases indicate that an ornament had not been finished. The hoard from Cappeen, Co Cork, is particularly relevant to the Risby-cum-Roxby fragment in containing these two unusual features, albeit on separate objects: a fully twisted neckring of triangular section and an intermittently twisted bracelet, or rod, of square-section (Eogan 1994, 63 fig. 27A).



This can be accepted as a probable fragment from a Bronze Age ornament, although not necessarily from a finished piece. Consequently, in terms of age and as the item contains a minimum of 10% gold it qualifies as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.





Dr S.P. Needham



Department of Prehistory & Europe



British Museum
Subsequent action: Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure
Object: Penannular Ring (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -750)
Material: Gold 
Found: Emsworth, Havant, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Diameter: 14.5 mm
Thickness: 4 mm
Weight: 5.6 g
Description: Small penannular ring comprising a plain round to oval-sectioned hoop with flat terminals.  The interior of the hoop and the flat terminal surfaces have not been polished.



Gold content approximately 82%. The specific gravity at 16 is not low enough to indicate that the ring has a base metal core.
Notes: The object is a well-known Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750BC.
Subsequent action: Declared Treasure but returned to Finder as Museum unable to acquire
Object: Penannular Ring (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -750)
Material: Gold 
Found: Ormesby St. Margaret with Scratby, Great Yarmouth, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Controlled archaeological investigation
Diameter: 15 mm
Weight: 3.24 g
Description: Small penannular gold ring with decorative narrow banding in yellow and paler gold. The external surfaces are very worn. Visual inspection suggested that the piece consists of a gold covering over a base metal core; this was confirmed by scientific analysis.

This is a well known Late Bronze Age type, decorative in character, dating to circa 1150-750 BC.
Subsequent action: Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Denton with Wootton, Dover, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 135.9 mm
Thickness: 20.72 mm
Weight: 450 g
Description: A heavily worn and incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave axehead of Transitional or Late type, dating to the Penard or Wilburton phase (MBA III to LBA I; 1100 - 900 BC).



Description: The butt end is rounded. The flanges begin about a third of the way along the butt's length. The cleft between the flanges is relatively smother perhaps from use. There is a significant casting fault in one side of the butt, rectangular in shape. The casting seem is visible along the sides of the axehead, though some effort to reduce it appears to have taken place. The stop is pronounced and overhangs a little which accentuates the wasting effect of the blade's flare. The stop has right-angled corners with the flanges. The loop is on one side which arcs over the position on the stop. The blade is long, thin and narrow and extends extensively before flaring out at the blade end. There is a slight ridge down the centre of each wide face of the blade.



The axehead is has a heavily mottled patination. Within the flanges it has a dark grey-green patination, towards the butt end and along the flanges it has a much lighter green-white corrosion cause by wear and corrosion. The blade end is a medium mid green colour. There are some areas of historic damage across the blade indicated by their patination.



Total Measurements: 135.9mm long, 38.67mm at widest (28.03mm wide at stop-ridge without loop) 20.72mm thick and 450g in weight
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Razor (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: East Walton, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 61 mm
Thickness: 1.1 mm
Weight: 8.4 g
Description: Incomplete Middle Bronze Age to&nbsp;Late Bronze Age copper alloy razor with part of the tang&nbsp;missing. The tip is complete but bent and there is slight damage to the cutting edges which otherwise remain quite sharp. A round hole is cenrally placed near the springing of the tang, cf. DOR-EBFA4D, SUR-E3AEB2 and SUR-B3BDBB. Weight 8.4g. Length 61mm. Width 27mm. Thickness 1.1mm. c.1400 - c.800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Lurgashall, Chichester, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 46.8 mm
Thickness: 11.2 mm
Weight: 111.6 g
Description: An incomplete Bronze Age copper alloy axehead (c.2400-1150 BC), probably a palstave. The blade begins at a break and broadens towards the tip, both surfaces are undecorated. The fragment is curved which has created one convex and one concave face. The convex face has a tranverse crack or tear on the blade (8.7mm long with the central deeper portion 4.3mm long) and the surface is covered in scratches which do not seem to be in a consistent direction. The concave face is also covered in fine scratches aligned parallel to the edges. The break on this side has a slight bulge running the width of the break where it has been bent and broken. 



Width (max blade): 51.4mm



Width (min): 34.6mm



Thickness (max): 11.2mm



Thickness (min): 4.2mm
Notes: Images are drafts and will be edited.



Edward Caswell comments: At the broadest interpretation this could be the blade of a palstave or a flat axehead dating c.2400-1150 cal BC. Being a bit more risky I’d lean towards palstave and probably a later variety due to its width (c.1400-1150 cal BC) based on the dimensions and blade shape, but that’s very much a feel thing based on the ones I’ve seen.



Peter Reavill comments: I agree with Edward Caswell but I might be even more cautious and suggest that it is a tool blade, given the narrow width and thicknesses involved. With those dimensions I wonder if we might be dealing with a tanged chisel. The break is noteworthy - from the profile it has either been used as a lever and broken through use (the equivalent of using a screwdriver to open a tin of stubborn paint) or possibly more likely, evidence of deliberate destruction.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2000 to -1900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Glympton, West Oxfordshire, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 170 mm
Thickness: 12.8 mm
Weight: 419 g
Description: A complete but worn, decorated Early Bronze Age developed flat axehead dating to c.2000-1900 cal BC.



The axehead has a narrow butt (c.27mm wide) which has a rounded terminal. From this point is widens in a smooth concave curve to its point of maximum width and its blade tips (c.83mm). The blade is a shallow crescent shape and appears to have been bevelled on one side from sharpening. The opposite surface’s patina is too chipped to determine whether it too was sharpened or whether the blade has marks from use.



The axehead is lozenge shaped in profile thickening from its butt and blade to a proto stop bevel that is placed c.69mm down its length from the butt. The bevel is shallow but clearly visible.



Both surfaces of the axehead have traces of worn incised decoration. On both sides this consists of incised dashes placed in a zig zag lines running down the length of the blade creating a shallow transverse herring bone design. These lines fill the width of the body where they are placed. On the least damaged surface this pattern is visible from 43.6mm after the butt and ends 56mm before the blade. The opposite surface may have covered a similar extent but is too pitted, chipped and worn to be certain.



The axehead has a glossy light green, sometimes brown patina that is abraded and chipped in several places.



The axehead is 170mm long, 83mm wide, 12.8mm thick at the bevel and weighs 419 grams.



The dimensions of this axehead have been recorded following the protocol established by Needham (2017). The ratios of these dimensions match that of class 4C Type Mount Pleasant and whose depictions match the form of this example. This form is suggested to date to c.2000-1900 cal BC (Needham 2017: 26).
Notes: Appendix 1: Measurements to Needham’s (2018) specifications and associated ratios




	

		

			
Dimension

			
L

			
LB

			
DE

			
WB

			
LC

			
W2

			
W3

			
WE

			
MO

			
LC'

			
MT

		

		

			
Measurement

			
170

			
155

			
15

			
27

			
142

			
28

			
55

			
83

			
10

			
90

			
12.8

		

		

			
Ratio

			
RWB

			
RWB'

			
RWE

			
RDE

			
EH

			
RW3

			
RMO

			
ASC

			
MRW

			
RBS

			
RHF

		

		

			
Calculated value

			
0.325301

			
0.158824

			
0.488235

			
0.180723

			
0.006452

			
0.354839

			
0.070423

			
0.529412

			
0.709677

			
0.457143

			
0
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Fazeley, Lichfield, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 59.8 mm
Thickness: 11.8 mm
Weight: 18.5 g
Description: An incomplete copper alloy, tip from a spearhead, probably of Middle Bronze Age period, dating from c. BC 1500 to c. BC 1150.



The object is broadly triangular in plan and broadly lozenge shaped in cross section. The object has a blunt point at the top, which seems to have sustained some damage. From the point the sides of the object taper out, ensuring the object is wider at the base. There is a central raised ridge running vertically down the middle of the spear head, this appears on both sides. There is an old horizontal break at the base of the object, probably indicating the spear was broken in antiquity. There are traces of small sides loops. There is damage to both edges of the blade.



It measures 59.8 mm in length, 14.2 mm wide (base), 11.6 mm wide (tip) and 11.8 mm thick. The walls are 2.5 mm thick. The side loops are 14.6 mm long by 3.0 mm wide. They extend 2.5 mm away from the body of the spear head. The socket has a surviving depth of 53.7 mm. It weighs 18.5 g.



The spear head is a dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of some of the original surface detail.



This object has lost most of it's diagnostic features and as a result further classification is difficult. However similar spearhead fragments have been recorded on the database, including SWYOR-1F74C1, SF-C557DC and WMID-270D2F. All have been dated to the Middle Bronze Age.
Notes: The 3D model has been generated using the mobile phone scanning application Qlone.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2350 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Yelverton, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 43.9 mm
Thickness: 10.4 mm
Weight: 84.9 g
Description: Fragment of the blade end of a Bronze Age axehead, probably a flat axehead. The cutting edge is convex and complete, apart from a small fragment missing from a non-recent break. At the other end the object terminates in a non-recent transverse break. The side edges are transversally convex and longitudinally concave as they flare out to meet the tips of the cutting edge. The axehead is necessarily thicker at the break than at the blade. Viewed side-on, the edges taper convexly to meet at a point at the cutting edge.



The surface of the metal is patinated dark and mid-green, and is also notably crazed (covered with a network of fine cracks) on both faces and side edges, probably as a result of burning. The cracks on one face are patinated bright green. On the face of the transverse break there are traces of red-brown patination. c. 2350-1500 BC



Length (cutting edge to transverse break): 43.9mm. Width (span of cutting edge): 51.0mm. Thickness: 10.4mm. Weight: 84.9g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Dumbleton, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 43 mm
Thickness: 4 mm
Description: Copper alloy awl/point that is a long thin rod that has an expanded waist one third of the way down its length, from here both side tapers to a point. The shorter side (form the expansion) is 18mm long with a rectangular cross section that narrows to a flat terminal; this side may have been used as a tang and could have been inserted into a socket. The longer side is 25mm long and has a square cross-section that tapes to a rounded point. Date 2150 BC - 800 BC
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (1000 to 800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Siddington, Cotswold, Gloucestershire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Height: 19.1 mm
Diameter: 33.8 mm
Weight: 60.52 g
Description: A Bronze Age solid copper alloy casting jet, possibly dating to c 1000-800 BC.  It is of flattened conical form. The base is very slightly concave and very rough.



Dimensions: 19.1mm in height; base 33.8mm in circumference; 60.52g in weight.



cf SUR-8C72EE on the PAS database: This type of object is the result of casting into a two piece mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the two casting channels. Casting waste is difficult to date, but fragments with this shape are characteristic of the casting of socketed axes of late Bronze Age (c.1000-800 BC) type.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bucklebury, West Berkshire, West Berkshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 46 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 57.19 g
Description: An extremely corroded and abraded fragment of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead of uncertain type. The fragment is 46mm in length, with a flat cross section and a sub rectangular shape with parallel sides. The side profile tapers from a maximum thickness of 10mm at the rear edge. A void or casting flaw is evident at the centre of the rear edge.
Notes: 
Recorded from details emailed by the finder.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Congham, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 51.7 mm
Diameter: 4 mm
Thickness: 3.5 mm
Weight: 4.7 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl with&nbsp;a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang and a circular-sectioned blade. Length 51.7mm. Maximum width 4mm. Maximum thickness 3.5mm. Diameter 4mm. Weight 4.7g. c.1000 to c.700&nbsp;BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: North Tuddenham, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Two objects from a Late Bronze Age hoard; according to TAR 2004, p. 40, no. 28, these are additional to a hoard first discovered in 2001. &nbsp;&nbsp;

Catalogue

1. Bronze Age copper alloy spear head. Leaf shaped blade with bevelled edges, rounded socket continuing smoothly as rounded central rib to the tip. Brown patina with patches of thick, orange ?iron deposit along the join between the mid rib and blade and inside the socket. Side holes on socket 6mm diameter. Slight damage on the edge of the blade. Part of the socket is squashed. External diameter of socket 26mm. Length of blade90mm, total length 117mm. Probably Late Bronze Age. Similar example from the Reach Fen hoard, Cambridgeshire in Inventaria Archaeologica, G.B. 17 3 (2) no. 5.&nbsp;

2. Bronze Age fragment of copper alloy sword. Broken at both ends and bent. Brown patina with patches of green and very small patches of orange ?iron deposit. About half the original surface is roughened / missing. Bevelled edges. Length 73mm (unbent), width 29 - 35mm, thickness (at max.) 9mm. Surface and edge of blades damaged.&nbsp;
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1250)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Essington, South Staffordshire, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 153.5 mm
Thickness: 31.5 mm
Weight: 432.2 g
Description: A complete palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating, probably of the Acton Park/Arreton phase, c 1500 - c. 1250 cal BC.



Around 90% of the palstave is present, with the blade and butt incomplete. The septum gradually tapers towards the butt. The flanges start off parallel to the stop ridge and taper in a straight diagonal line to the butt. The blade has concave sides as it expands towards a crescentic blade edge. The blade is longer than the butt. No decoration is visible on the blade of the palstave. No casting flaws seem to be present. The blade edge is incomplete, with the cutting edge no longer present. Slight traces of the casting seam are visible along one of the blade sides. No loop, shield or knick are present.



Measurements:

Overall Length: 153.5 mm

Maximum Width: 55.00 mm

Maximum thickness: 31.5 mm

Septum Length: 63.4 mm

Butt width: 19.8 mm

Butt thickness: 5.1 mm

Flange Height: 10.3 mm

Stop ridge height: 12.1 mm

Blade length: 92.9 mm

Blade width (stop ridge): 25.4 mm

Blade width (edge): 54.9 mm

Blade thickness: 4.4 mm

Weight: 432.3 g



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement while within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of most of the original surface.



This palstave fits within the Early Phase Palstave types, consistent with dating between c. 1500 to C. 1250 cal BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Little Ness, Shropshire, Shropshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 159 mm
Thickness: 35.5 mm
Weight: 458.5 g
Description: A complete palstave of Middle Bronze Age dating, probably of the Wantage type, part of Acton Park / Taunton phase, c 1400 - c. 1150 cal BC.



Around 95% of the palstave is present, with the butt incomplete. The septum is straight and does not taper towards the butt. The flanges start off parallel to the stop ridge and taper in a straight diagonal line to the butt. The blade has straight sides as it expands towards a crescentic blade edge. The blade is longer than the butt. A shield design (trident variation) is present at the top of the blade, with one central ridge and two inward curving lines starting at the stop right and curving inwards to the central line. The line continues below the shield shape. A slight crack, as a casting flaw is present below the stop ridge on the blade facet. The top of the blade facet is straight across the blade. Slight traces of the casting seam are visible along both sides of the butt. No loop or knick are present.



Measurements:

Overall Length: 159 mm

Maximum Width: 59.0 mm

Maximum thickness: 35.5 mm

Septum Length: 68.9 mm

Butt width: 19.8 mm

Butt thickness: 5.3 mm

Flange Height: 12.1 mm

Stop ridge height: 12.1 mm

Blade length: 90.1 mm

Blade width (stop ridge): 25.0 mm

Blade width (edge): 59.0 mm

Blade thickness: 3.3 mm

Weight: 458.5 g



The palstave is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina. 



This palstave fits within the Group 3 Palstave types, consistent with dating between c. 1400 to C. 1150 cal BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: St. Merryn, Cornwall, Cornwall (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 80.96 mm
Thickness: 18.26 mm
Weight: 60.07 g
Description: An incomplete possibly copper alloy Late Bronze Age socketed chisel or socketed axehead dating to&nbsp;c. 1150 - 800 cal BC.&nbsp;

The socket is oval in&nbsp;cross section and measures 23.76mm in width. The object tapers in&nbsp;thickness from its socket to a flat &#39;blade&#39; end that is sub-triangular in form and measures 43.35mm in width,&nbsp;with one side diagonal and one side straight, now broken,&nbsp;indicating&nbsp;that this end widened outwards either side to form a trapezodial or crescentic shape. The patina is a green - dark green in colour with some areas of lighter copper-alloy corrosion which fits with an earlier Bronze Age date.&nbsp;

The object is highly unusual and very rare. There are no comparable axes in the corpus of axes covering northern Britain by Schmidt and Burgess (1981) and neither are there comparable socketed chisels in the corpus of woodworking tools in southern England by Lee (2014). However, Eogan (2000, 215-16 and Plate 111) highlights the few examples found in Ireland with one parallel with the provenance only of &quot;County Armagh&quot; being the closest (No. U15).. A similar object can be seen in&nbsp;SUSS-CA3F71 which is dated to the Late Bronze Age. Similar objects have also come up in hoards from&nbsp;this period. See&nbsp;LANCUM-A5AF1B object number 5 for a similar comparison from a Late Bronze Age hoard from Lancaster.&nbsp;

References

Eogan, G., 2000.&nbsp;The Socketed Bronze Axes in Ireland. Pr&auml;historische Bronzefunde IX, 22. Stuttgart.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ibstone, Wycombe, Buckinghamshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 25.7 mm
Thickness: 11.8 mm
Weight: 14.57 g
Description: A possible copper-alloy fragment of a Bronze Age spearhead. The object is a squashed tube with vertical ribs on either side. The ends of the object are broken and heavily abraded.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to POST MEDIEVAL ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Moulsford, South Oxfordshire, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 30.6 mm
Thickness: 17.2 mm
Weight: 39.73 g
Description: 
A corroded cast copper alloy casting jet or "gate" with a flattened skewed conical shape with a single sprue projection at the off-centre tip. The surfaces are textured with distinctive ripple marks and striations from cooling melt. This type of object is the result of casting into a mould and represents waste where molten bronze solidifies at the entrance of the mould around the gate and the casting channel(s).



Casting waste is difficult to date, and can potentially be prehistoric to post medieval.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rapier (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Llanarmon-yn-Ial, Denbighshire, Denbighshire (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 60.72 mm
Thickness: 2.25 mm
Weight: 15.6 g
Description: A fragment of copper alloy blade, probably a rapier or dirk dating to the middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1300 BC).



The blade has a pentagonal shape that narrows along the length of the blade. It is thin with a shallow lentoid section and a slightly bevelled surface towards the blade edge. All the sides are worn with incomplete edges. Overall, the surface has a smooth dark green patina.



Dimensions: Length 60.72mm; width (top) 30.68mm; width (lower blade) 16.45mm; thickness 2.25mm; weight 15.6g



The fragmentary condition of the object makes typological identification indeterminate.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Rothley, Charnwood, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 60.8 mm
Thickness: 10.2 mm
Weight: 68.17 g
Description: A fragment of Bronze Age socketed axe, dating to c. 1500 - 800 BC. Possibly a fragment of socketed axehead. The fragment that remains is the blade end of the axehead with an uneven torn break cutting across its body. Beyond the break the axe widens in smooth concave curves to the blade edge which is crescent shaped. 

Length: 60.8 mm

Width: 48.6 mm

Thickness: 10.2 mm

Weight: 68.17 g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -801)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Winfarthing, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 65.7 mm
Thickness: 5 mm
Weight: 7.4 g
Description: Copper-alloy awl, probably of late Bronze Age date. It is circular in cross-section for just over half its length, and then flattens to a rectangular cross-section. The circular-section area&nbsp;tapers gently and smoothly from 5.0mm in diameter in the centre to 3.8mm in diameter at the end, which has a worn break. The rectangular-section area maintains the width, flaring slightly to 5.4mm,&nbsp;but flattens to 1.5mm thick at the blunt, perhaps incomplete, chisel-like end, which is slightly curved&nbsp;in the direction of one of the larger faces. This bend has not caused any stress to the metal, so may be original. The object is in good, relatively unworn condition with&nbsp;a dark green patina and crisp, sharp arrises. The total length is&nbsp;65.7mm and the&nbsp;weight 7.4g.

Copper-alloy awls are generally thought of as Late Bronze Age in date, 1000 to 800 BC. Compare&nbsp;NMS-6FB233,&nbsp;WMID-7999D4, LEIC-711C38 and BH-1C99CD for the smooth shape and clean lines; SF-211AE4,&nbsp;BERK-44881E and HESH-ED08F3 for the slight bend.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hoby with Rotherby, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 167 mm
Thickness: 34.2 mm
Weight: 569 g
Description: A complete Middle Bronze Age copper-alloy unlooped palstave, dating to 1500 - 1300 BC. The blade of the palstave is broadly sub-triangular in plan with relatively straight (but with slightly expanded) sides and a expanding convex cutting edge (fantailed). In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section being before the stop ridge. Directly below the stop ridge on both sides is a concave depression which is divided vertically in the centre by a raised rib. The rear part of the axe, from the stop ridge to the butt, is sub-rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in section (profile) with the widest part behind the stop ridge, it has a central rectangular shaped septum. The object has a dark green patina. The blade of the axe is quite worn.

Length: 167 mm

Width: 67 mm

Thickness: 34.2 mm

Weight: 569 g
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1800 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Feltwell, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 64.5 mm
Thickness: 8.8 mm
Weight: 79.9 g
Description: Very small Early Bronze Age to Middle Bronze Age copper alloy&nbsp;flanged&nbsp;axehead of the Arreton phase, complete apart from the butt edge (fairly recent damage), one end of the wide crescentic&nbsp;blade&nbsp;(an old break) and a small chip at the centre of the same (more recently removed). Some patches of decayed material&nbsp;adhere to the&nbsp;pale brown surfaces, but the cutting edge remains sharp. Weight 79.9g. Length 64.5mm. Extant width 40mm. Thickness 8.8mm. c.1800 - c.1500 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Gayton, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 44.3 mm
Weight: 2.7 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl&nbsp;with&nbsp;a tapering rectangular-sectioned tang and a circular-sectioned blade. In battered condition with much of the patinated surface lost. Weight 2.7g. Length 44.3mm. Width 4.5mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1700 to -2000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Broadwindsor, West Dorset, Dorset (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 61.28 mm
Thickness: 8.35 mm
Weight: 48.54 g
Description: A copper alloy flat axehead. A very small, possibly miniature axehead. It has a tapering, rounded butt. It is slightly thickened at the mid-point (possibly a proto stop-ridge). It flares, initially gently and then is stepped out into a wide, curved cutting edge which is thinned from the thickened mid-point. Then cutting edge is blunt and rounded. The axe has a flat sub-rectangular cross section with rounded short edges. There are no evident raised flanges. There is wear and damage on all faces. 

Date: Early Bronze Age - c. 2000 - 1700 BC

Dimensions: 61.28 mm x 24.92 mm x 8.35 mm

Weight: 48.54 g



Similar to HESH-A147C8 and WMID-0BA3F4
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2200 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Upton Grey, Basingstoke and Deane, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 11.3 mm
Thickness: 5.3 mm
Weight: 2.28 g
Description: 
A fragment of the blade edge of a Bronze Age cast copper alloy axehead or tool of uncertain type. The blade edge is slightly curved, with a triangular side profile, but only a fragment of the edge remains, with old breaks on all sides. It is unclear whether the blade broke during use or from post depositional processes. 

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Dirk (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1450 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Houghton, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 17.6 mm
Thickness: 1.4 mm
Weight: 0.84 g
Description: A fragment from a small blade of Middle Bronze Age date, c. 1450-1150BC. The fragment is 17.6mm in length and 7.6mm wide with a flat lenticular cross section 1.4mm thick. The fragment tapers slightly to one end, which is rounded, suggesting that it comprises the tip of a small dirk.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1550 to -1250)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Sparsholt, Winchester, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 63.3 mm
Thickness: 10.2 mm
Weight: 22 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper alloy Middle Bronze Age socketed leaf-shaped spearhead, 63.3mm in length. The socket is incomplete, 10.2mm in diameter, ending in an old transverse break. The socket tapers seamlessly into a thick rounded midrib which runs to the blade tip. The cross section is lenticular with a clear distinction between rounded midrib and the narrow, rounded wings.



It cannot be said for certain whether the form were side looped or pegged; however it most likely belongs to Davis' (2012, 2) 'developed side looped' Group 6 corresponding to the Acton Park and Taunton phases of the earlier Middle Bronze Age, c.1550-c.1250 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Coombes, Adur, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 20.23 mm
Thickness: 8.77 mm
Weight: 22.26 g
Description: A fragment of a Bronze Age axehead of uncertain type, possibly a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead dating c. 1150-800 cal. BC.



The blade end of the axehead survives with a worn transverse break across the body above the tips.  The section is rectangular with no trace of a socket. The body flares slightly at the tips with a worn and damaged cutting edge. Where the original edge survives it is rounded and worn.



Measurements: length: 20.23mm; width at cutting edge:36.48mm; thickness: 8.77mm and weight: 22.26



Other similar examples include: OXON-5E9DA2, SF-AF2AA7 and  LEIC-EB5D97. This fragment which lacks traces of a socket such that it may be the edge of a Middle to Late Bronze Age palstave (e.g. SUSS-EC7134) axehead. However it may equally be a fragment from a Late Bronze Age socketed form (e.g. SUSS-E33637) which as broken just after the end of the socket.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Meon, Winchester, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27.9 mm
Thickness: 4.8 mm
Weight: 6.52 g
Description: A heavily abraded cast copper fragment from the socket of a late Bronze Age (c. 1100-800 BC) socketed axehead of uncertain type. The fragment in 27.9mm in length and comprises part of one lateral side of the socket, with a prominant casting ridge along the side and a corner suggesting that the socket had a sub rectangular shape.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder