dejp3/bronze-age-objects-pas huggingface dataset:
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Mumbles, Swansea, Swansea (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 96.5 mm
Thickness: 13 mm
Weight: 111.5 g
Description: Early Bronze Age, Bronze cast-flanged axe whose sides are straight and near parallel, curving outwards markedly near the blade, giving a splayed blade.  The artefact has a flat shaped butt end, which tapers in section.  Unusually, the butt end of the axe is pierced by a circular hole (6mm in diameter).  This was made with care in antiquity, possibly by drilling into the metal with a circular implement from each side of the artefact, the hole breaking through the middle (as suggested by its slightly hourglass shaped profile).  The hole is slightly offset from the centre of the butt, and begins 9mm from the butt end.  The axe has a pitted surface appearance with a brown and black coloured iron rich encrustation on the surface, probably deriving from the burial environment of the artefact.  Metallic Bronze is revealed in small areas along the flange top on one side of the implement.  Length 96.5mm, blade width 51.0mm, butt width 17.0mm, maximum thickness 13.0mm, flange depths c.2.0mm, weight 111.5g.

This is an undecorated Type Derryniggin flanged axe belonging to the Inch Island-Derryniggin metalwork tradition of the Early Bronze Age (Harbison 1969).  It can be assigned to Period 4 and Metalwork Assemblage 6 of the British Bronze Age, dating from 1700-1500cal BC (Needham 1996).
Notes: Parallels for this flanged axe have been found at Bryn Coch, Blaenrhonddan, Neath (Savory 1980, Cat.No.121) and Margam, Neath-Port Talbot (Savory 1980, Cat.No.122).  The characteristic metalwork products of this period were flanged axes, tanged and end looped spearheads and Camerton-Snowshill daggers (see Burgess 1980).  These are rare in Wales however, by comparison with Inch Island products in Ireland and Arreton products in southern and eastern England (Burgess and Cowen 1972).  It is possible that the axe was made within Wales, as the product of a small scale metalworking centre, and this is a question which might be approached through metallurgical analysis of the impurities within this bronze artefact.  During the past fifteen years copper mines have been found in Wales, and dated to the Early and Middle Bronze Age, using radiocarbon dating method, and therefore a Welsh source is a possibility.

The reason for piercing the object at the butt end is not immediately clear, and is a rare occurance on comparable flanged axes of this date.  The hole may have been associated with the securing of the haft to the blade, have been used for suspension in some way, or pierced as a deliberate act prior to its deposition.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Mildenhall, Wiltshire, Wiltshire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Weight: 29.19 g
Description: The lower blade of a Middle-Late Bronze Age socketed axehead. This type of axehead are most frequently found to date to the Eqart Park phase (1000-800BC). No trace of the socket remains, but the body is thick (10mm). The object is covered in a pale green patina and there is some pitting. There are no blade tip hollows and the blade does not expand greatly; the blade width is 29mm whilst the cutting edge width is 36mm. The cutting edge is rounded and intact. It is blunt, and there are no remaining traces of sharpening. 

The fragment of axehead weighs 29.19g and is 23mm in length.

The object resembles object 8 from the late Bronze Age Wickham Park hoard from Croydon in Surrey  and object 39 from the Meldreth hoard from Meldreth in Cambridgeshire (Inventaria Archaeologica). However, the fragmentary nature of the object precludes any definate correlations.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Shenstone, Lichfield, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 38 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Weight: 9.7 g
Description: A fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed spearhead, dating from the Late Bronze Age between c. 1150 - c. 800 BC (length: 38mm; width: 14.5mm; thickness: 8mm; weight: 9.7g).



The sub-triangular tip of the socketed spearhead is all that remains of this spearhead, which is lozenge-shaped in section. There is the corroded and worn remains of a central midrib running down the artefact's length to either side, as well as slightly incomplete bevelled or ridged blade edges to the left and right on both sides. The hollow open socket is still visible although the artefact is now completely full of earth. The spearhead terminates in a pointed and corroded tip. Overall, the spearhead is in a worn and corroded condition, although some areas of dark green patina remain.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (1500 to 1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41 mm
Weight: 7.62 g
Description: The tip, probably of a small side-looped spearhead.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 44.5 mm
Thickness: 9 mm
Weight: 17.19 g
Description: 
The tip, probably of a spearhead of late Bronze Age date. The tip is hollow and has casting debris in its socket.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Weight: 20.1 g
Description: A fragment from the upper part of a sword of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment comprises the junction between the hilt and the blade and is 18.5mm wide at the hilt. There are pronounced ridges along both sides and the edges of a pair of rivet holes on the broken lower edge.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2000 to -1900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Discovery method: Unknown
Length: 141.22 mm
Thickness: 12.5 mm
Weight: 302.2 g
Description: Early Bronze Age developed flat axe of the Aylesford industrial phase. Rounded butt corners, slight stop (not a ridge, more gentle slope) edges around middle of axe also slightly sloping upwards, but not forming definite flanges. Damaged blade tips. Edge bevel begins a c.12mm from blade edge. yellowish metal, some dark green patina, some light green/blue corrosion.



Length 141.22mm, width of blade (tips damaged) 57.40mm, width at butt end 24.2mm, thickness across stop 12.5mm, weight 302.2g.
Notes: Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 31 mm
Thickness: 13 mm
Weight: 38.84 g
Description: A blade fragment from a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. The fragment displays the casting seam as well as sharpening striations. The base of the socket is off centre - the thickness of the wall to either side of the socket varies from 4mm to 1.5mm. The surfaces are dark green shading to brown.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy 
Discovery method: Unknown
Length: 155 mm
Thickness: 34.87 mm
Weight: 539.7 g
Description: Middle Bronze Age broad blade Sleaford type palstave axe, Taunton industrial phase, 1400-1300BC. Single mid rib. Length c.155mm, width (blade tip to tip) 48.8mm, width across centre (including loop) 41.4mm, width across butt end 24.96mm, thickness across centre 34.87mm, weight 539.7g.
Notes: Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -1200)
Material: Copper alloy 
Discovery method: Unknown
Length: 127.6 mm
Thickness: 33.4 mm
Weight: 497.8 g
Description: Middle Bronze Age late palstave axe, Penard industrial phase, c.1300-1200BC. Possibly Type Roundhay Trident varient. Three decorative converging ribs on the blade just after the stop, one side loop. One nick out of the cutting edge. The butt end is broken off and the remainder of the haft end is badly distorted, with flanges and stop flattened on one surface, and the whole bent down to that surface, with some cracks in the flanges on the other surface. Yellowish metal, no patina. Length 127.6, width (blade tip to tip) 50.64mm, width across centre (including loop) 44.3mm, width across break 30.65mm, thickness across centre 33.4mm, weight 497.8g.
Notes: Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Discovery method: Unknown
Length: 138.4 mm
Thickness: 22.68 mm
Weight: 147 g
Description: Middle Bronze Age spearhead, kite shaped blade with side loops, prominent mid rib and three decorative ribs on the socket. The socket goes to the base of the blade and does not extend into it - Class 2 (Greenwell & Brewiss 1909), Acton Park industrial phase c.1600BC. Length 138.4mm, width at loops 32.97mm, width at base of blade 31.21mm, thickness at socket opening 22.68mm, thickness at start of blade c.14mm, depth of socket 57mm, weight 147.0g.
Notes: Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1400 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy Wood
Discovery method: Unknown
Length: 300 mm
Weight: 338.4 g
Description: Middle Bronze Age leaf shaped basal looped spearhead, Greenwell & Brewiss Class 3a, Taunton industrial phase, 1400-1300BC. Broken in two at the base of the blade; distorted at the breaks. The socket extends into the blade and wood survives within it visible in both sides of the break. Yellowish metal some patchy light and dark green patina. Total length c. 300mm, length of socket half 140.0, length of blade half 160mm, width of blade 51.4mm, thickness across socket at loops c.22mm, thickness at socket opening (distorted) 15mm-31mm, total weight 338.4g (weight of socket half 166.0g; weight of blade half 172.4g).
Notes: Gone through Treasure process 2007 T17 - disclaimed.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder after being disclaimed as Treasure
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Found: Blymhill and Weston-under-Lizard, South Staffordshire, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 123 mm
Thickness: 19 mm
Weight: 137 g
Description: An incomplete cast bronze palstave axehead, dating to the Middle Bronze Age between 1500 - 1150 BC (length: 123mm; width at blade tip: 41.5mm; thickness at flange side: 19mm; weight: 137g).

The palstave axehead is sub-rectangular in plan and lozenge-shaped in section.  The septum end (length: 47mm; width: 21.5mm; thickness: 9.5mm) of the axehead is incomplete (the butt is completely missing) with a V-shaped break which is visible from the planned view of the artefact.  The septum also has flange facets that protrude upwards by approximately 5mm along the outside edge to the left and right and to either side of the artefact.  The protruding stop (width of the artefact at the stop: 21.5mm; thickness: see above), which when complete, would have been positioned halfway down the palstave, is more prominent on one side in comparison to the other (height of the stop on the prominent side: 14mm). Below the stop on the blade end of the artefact, there is a slight dished and small shield-shaped recess particularly visible on one side of the axehead.  The blade splays outwards towards the curved blade tip (see width above) with none of the original cutting edge remaining. The triangular sectioned blade tapers from a thickness of 19mm at the stop to 4.5mm immediately before the blade tip.  There is no evidence of a side loop on the artefact.  Overall, the palstave axehead is in a worn and corroded condition with none of the original patina remaining.  There are also small areas of bronze disease, which are particularly visible at the side flanges and stop on one side of the artefact only.

A similar example is illusrated in Watson, P, J, 1993, 'Catalogue of British and European Prehistoric Metalwork in Birmingham City Museums', page 7, ref no 37, which was found in Kings Heath, Birmingham.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-950 to -750)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Llanbadoc, Monmouthshire, Monmouthshire (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Weight: 2291.1 g
Description: This hoard contains 19 metalwork fragments, representing 15 artefacts, 2 casting jets and 1 ingot or cake fragment. It comprises:- 9 socketed axes: 6 South Wales type socketed axes 1 ribbed socketed axe 1 South-eastern type (Class A) plain socketed axe 1 Plain slender socketed axe Tools: 1 riveted sickle 1 Thorndon type socketed knife Weapons: 1 Carp's Tongue sword blade 1 leaf shaped sword blade 1 Plain Pegged spearhead with long socket and kite shaped blade (2 fragments) Fittings and ornaments: 1 domed and decorated plate Metalworking debris: 2 single runner casting jets 1 ingot / cake
Notes: The top artefact was found at 0.10m below the ground surface, while the bottom artefact was found at a depth of 0.30m.



This record was duplicated within record: NMGW-7F6D83, which has now been deleted.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2300 to -2050)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Kington Rural, County of Herefordshire, County of Herefordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 106.95 mm
Thickness: 10.02 mm
Weight: 176.7 g
Description: Early Bronze Age bronze flat axe of uncertain type, possibly of Type Dunnottar and of Metalwork Assemblage III, corresponding to Needham's (1996) Period 2, c. 2,300 - 2,050 BC. The axe has an overall length of 106.95mm and weighs 176.7g. The butt has suffered some damage, but is narrow and short with a surviving width of 16mm and would have been rounded or possibly even pointed. The sides are straight and diverge gradually to the unexpanded blade. The sides are rounded across their thickness, giving the axe an oval section. The blade has a width of 59.04mm and has a shallow blade edge. The narrow butt, straight sides and shallow edge produce a markedly triangular form to the axe. The faces are gently convex, producing a moderate lenticular long profile. The axe is thickest around its midpoint at 10.02mm. The axe has poor surface preservation with a pale brown patina, areas of the sides and faces have active corrosion.
Notes: Non-destructive analysis to ascertain the elemental composition of the axe was carried out by Mary Davis using a CamScan MaXim 2040 analytical scanning electron microscope (SEM), plus an Oxford Instruments Link Isis energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Readings were normalised to 100% to obtain consistency and to make the analyses comparable with other results. Results obtained suggest the axe is made of bronze and is broadly consistent with Early Bronze Age metal types. Metallurgical sampling of the axe would provide greater accuracy on the metallurgical composition. The triangular axe form with straight sides diverging to the unexpanded blade edge would not be consistent with the more common Migdale axe type. Dunnottar axes are typologically midway between copper and bronze axes (Schmidt & Burgess 1981, p 31) .
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1150)
Found: East Clandon, Guildford, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 24.37 mm
Weight: 6.6 g
Description: A triangular fragment from the butt end of a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The beginning of the side ridges is just present.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Marshfield, Newport, Newport (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 59.5 mm
Weight: 62.4 g
Description: Late Bronze Age socketed axe of South Wales (or Stogursey) Type and dating to the Ewart Park phase of the Late Bronze Age, corresponding with Needham's (1996) Period 7 and dated to c. 950 - 750BC The axe-head is incomplete, missing the mouth on one face, with the face missing a portion. The axe is comparatively small with an overall length of 59.50mm and a weight of 62.4g. The incomplete mouth would have been sub-rectangular (36.32mm x 25.3mm). The remnants of the three casting stubs are evident on the three remaining sides of the mouth, demonstrating the axe was produced using four-runner casting technology. The socket has a depth of 39.5mm. The cornice-like mouth moulding or collar has a length of 7.5mm. The slender loop springs from beneath the base of the collar. The sides are straight and diverge slightly before the blade to produce a slightly expanded blade edge. The remnants of the casting flashes are prominent on the sides, and have been finished, probably by hammering. The sides are slightly bevelled towards the centre, producing a slightly hexagonal body profile. The blade edge is poorly preserved and has a width of 38.05mm. Both faces were decorated with three ribs, beginning at the base of the collar and continuing for c. 30mm. The ribs are convergent on the holed face and appear to be parallel on the face with the damaged mouth. The sides of the faces are pronounced suggesting additional ribs. Light sharpening striations are discernible running perpendicular to the blade edge. The surface of the axe is well preserved and has a mid-brown patina. Orange discolouration around the loop is likely to be the result of mineral staining. The damage to the axe is not consistent with its use and does not appear to be the result of casting problems. There is the suggestion that the holed face bows outwards at the base of the hole and that the other face may bend in slightly, perhaps suggesting a sharp implement was forced through both faces.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rapier (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bigby, West Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Fieldwalking
Length: 34.5 mm
Thickness: 2.8 mm
Weight: 10.95 g
Description: A fragment from a cast copper-alloy Middle Bronze Age Rapier/Dirk. The incomplete butt has notched sides and only one surviving incomplete rivet hole with a diameter of 2.9mm. Only a fragment of the tapering blade survives and is lozenge-shaped in cross-section with a slight rib running down the centre. The surviving length is 34.5mm, the width is 34.4mm, the thickness is 2.8mm and the weight is 10.95g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: MELTON MOWBRAY, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41 mm
Diameter: 7.58 mm
Thickness: 7 mm
Description: Late Bronze Age copper-alloy leaf-shaped spearhead, 41mm long, 13mm wide, 7mm thick and weighs 7.58g. The object is in good, but fragmentary condition with a brown patina. The object consists of part of a hollow conical shaft which has one 'blade' with a curved end present and the remains of another opposite. Most of one side is missing but the point is intact.
Notes: The two pieces of the object were found in a different year and identified as the same object by the finder.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Gouge (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Eaton, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 55 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 12.05 g
Description: Bronze age copper alloy gouge, 55mm long, 14mm wide and 10mm thick. The object is in fairly good condition with a green patina and weighs 12.05 grams. The objects consists of a sub-circular sectioned shaft, which begins with a flattened crescentric section running from the rounded tip. This gradually morphs into a circular section which is marked by a rounded protruding collar about 3mm thick. Below the collar is a fragment of circular sectioned shaft which has broken off.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Lenham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 54.16 mm
Diameter: 16.34 mm
Weight: 13.5 g
Description: 
Late Bronze Age socketed spearhead fragment. THere are opposing loops on the socket. The spearhead has an even green patina and a corroded surface.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Lenham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 30.69 mm
Thickness: 14.88 mm
Weight: 18.9 g
Description: 
Late Bronze Age socketed axe head fragment.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2150 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Offham, Tonbridge and Malling, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Other chance find
Length: 47.85 mm
Thickness: 14.79 mm
Description: Incomplete Bronze Age palstave cast in copper alloy. The fragment is from the butt end of the palstave, flanked either side by parallel flanges. The the break is extremely worn, and is located above the backstop, thus none of the blade is present on the fragment. The fragment is sub-triangular in profile. The surface is very worn and it has an even green patina. The surviving section of the palstave is 47.85mm long, 24.15mm wide and 14.79mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ashley, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.6 mm
Thickness: 9.3 mm
Weight: 20.1 g
Description: A worn and corroded fragment, probably from a palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. It is sub-rectangular in shape with a roughly rounded butt end.  It expands from c. 1.9mm at the butt to 9.3mm at the break: the edge is triangular. In cross-section the object is sub-rectangular.  There are side flanges on both upper and lower faces, either side of the septum (the area between the flanges and the stop ridge).  The whole has corroded to a coarse surface mainly mid-green in colour but with large areas of a black coating, particularly on one face.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rapier (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Cliffe and Cliffe Woods, Medway, Medway (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 32.92 mm
Thickness: 6.97 mm
Description: 
Fragment of a Bronze Age rapier / sword blade

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39.01 mm
Thickness: 15.53 mm
Weight: 59.28 g
Description: Very worn palstave axehead. Transverse break. Black residue on one side. 
Notes: See Gile's record!!
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , , Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Other chance find
Length: 35.88 mm
Thickness: 8.83 mm
Description: 
Bronze Age rapier blade / carpes tongue blade, or tapered spearhead fragment.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Langstone, Newport, Newport (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Old Kemeys Hoard 950-750 BC, includes 5 complete bronze South Wales Type socketed axes, 3 bronze South Wales Variant Type socketed axes 2 complete 1 fragment and 1 complete bronze Gillespie type faceted axe.
Notes: The discovery was followed up with excavation by Philip Macdonald and Adam Gwilt with the assistance of the finder.  The top of the hoard pit was 0.30m below ground surface, while the base was 0.38m deep.  Discovered in 1999, 2 removed by detectorists and 7 excavated in situ by archaeologists.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Penllyn, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Windmill Farm Hoard 950-750 BC found in 1998, 1 bronze South Wales Type Socketed Axe and 1 socketed axe.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-950 to -750)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Penllyn, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Brigam Farm Hoard 950-750BC, One complete casting jet, two incomplete South Wales type socketed axes, one incomplete plain socketed axe, 2 ribbed sockecketed axe fragments, one intermediate socketed axe fragment, one sword fragment and 2 blade fragments.
Notes: Discovered in 1998, the assemblage was likely to have been scattered by the construction of the M4 motorway and residually deposited in surrounding areas.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: St. Nicholas and Bonvilston, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: St Nicholas Hoard 950-750BC, five complete South Wales Type Socketed Axes, one complete plain slender axe, one complete Gouge, one complete lanceolate spearhead, one complete eliptical spearhead, one complete casting jet for a South Wales Type socketed Axe, one complete casting jet.  Two incomplete South Wales Type Socketed Axe, one incomplete South Wale Variant Socketed Axe, one incomplete Southern English ribbed socketed axe, one incomplete undiagnostic axe, one incomplete Thorndon knife, three incomplete Ewart Swords, one incomplete bracelet, one incomplete Jet for South Wales axe.  One slender faceted axe fragment, eight undiagnostic socketed axe fragments, one gouge fragment, one Ewart Sword fragment, five sword decorated scabbard fragments, one casting jet for South Wales axe fragment and two cake fragments.
Notes: Found in 2002, the hoard discovery was followed up with a site visit and followed by a small excavation .  This indicated that the metal-detector pit dug by the finder had removed all trace of any archaeological pit containing the hoard.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welsh St. Donats, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Tal Y Garn 1 Hoard 950-750BC, one incomplete South Wales type socketed axe, one incomplete socketed axe, four ribbed socketed axes three incomplete and one fragment, one Southern English Type B ribbed socketed axe fragment, one South-Eaton Type Class A1 plain socketed axe, one plain socketed axe fragment and one incomplete ribbed late Palstave.
Notes: Found in 2002. The hoard was within the plough soil and had been scattered within an area of approximately 5m diameter.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welsh St. Donats, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Tal Y Garn 2 950-750BC, two complete South Wales socketed axes, two complete South Wales variant socketed axes, one complete South Eastern type socketed axe, two incomplete South Wales Type Socketed Axe, one incomplete Yorkshire/Welby type socketed axe, one incomplete small plain socketed axe, three incomplete ribbed socketed axes, two incomplete socketed implements, one incomplete casting jet, four Ewart sword fragments, four leaf shaped sword blade fragments and two socketed implement fragments.
Notes: Found in 2002, the hoard was partially recovered from within the ploughsoil. Recognising that further pieces remained in situ beneath the ploughsoil, the finder covered the site up and contacted PAS. A small excavation was undertaken to recover contextual information. The remainder of the assemblage was found to be lying within a former submerged land surface. The landowner was unable to confirm that the area had been drained and reclaimed in the 19th Century. It seems likely that this hoard and Tal Y Garn 1 hoard were placed in or on the edge of a bog.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Welsh St. Donats, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Welsh St. Donats Hoard 950-750BC, five complete robbed socketed axes, one complete faceted axe and one complete plain socketed axe.
Notes: Discovered in 2002. The hoard discovery was followed up with a small excavation with the aid of Steve Sell (GLamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust) and the finder revealing that the hoard contained within a medieval or post-medieval ploughsoil and was buried between 0.25 and 0.55m beneath the present surface. PAS reference numbers : NMGW-E704A6; NMGW-E64084; NMGW-E61A93; NMGW-E59C27; NMGW-E56DA1; NMGW-E54727; NMGW-E50C83
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Cowbridge with Llanblethian, the Vale of Glamorgan, the Vale of Glamorgan (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: 'Cowbridge' Hoard 950-750BC, eleven complete South Wales socketed axes, two complete South Wales Variant socketed axes, two complete South Eastern ribbed socketed axes, one complete type Meldreth socketed axe, two complete cake casting jets, seven incomplete South Wales socketed axes, two incomplete South Wales variant socketed axes, one incomplete plain pegged spearhead, one incomplete cake, one South Wales Variant socketed axe fragment, one South Eastern plain/Southern ribbed socketed axe fragment, one plain socketed axe fragment, two sword fragments, one spear fragment, three cake fragments, one casting jet fragment and one intermediate fragment.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Hoard (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE ( to )
Found: Llangwm, Monmouthshire, Monmouthshire (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: Llangwm Hoard 1000-900BC, Three complete South Wales Type socketed axes, two complete South Wales Variant socketed axes, one complete Gillespie type faceted axe, two incomplete South Wales Type socketed axes, One incomplete South wales Variant Socketed axe, one incomplete Yorkshire Type socketed axe, one incomplete stepped-blade spearhead, one incomplete Ewart sword, one plain-pegged spearhead fragment and one fillet defined spearhead fragment.
Notes: Found in 2001, the top axe was found 0.25m below ground surface, while the remainder were found at a depth of approximately 0.40m.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , Doncaster, Doncaster ()
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 126.6 mm
Thickness: 12.3 mm
Description: Cast copper alloy flat / proto-palstave axehead from the early Bronze Age with a crescent-shaped blade.  The body of the object thickens towards the middle and there are ridges along the sides, running perpendicularly to the blade. A slight ridge may be felt in the centre of the body where this section begins to become thinner and more narrow before terminating. The width of the blade is 63.2mm; the opposite end is 24.8mm in width.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Wood Enderby, East Lindsey, Lincolnshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 42.65 mm
Thickness: 7.8 mm
Weight: 14.8 g
Description: Copper alloy tip of a spear dating to the Bronze Age. 

In plan the spear is triangular. On both faces it has a medial ridge. 
Notes: Edge thickness- 1.5mm
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Kings Somborne, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41.99 mm
Thickness: 4.72 mm
Weight: 4.51 g
Description: Bronze Age spear head, cast in copper alloy. The incomplete spear head is lozenge shaped, with bevelled edges and a pronounced central ridge running down both faces. The tip and edges of the spearhead are extremely worn. There is a worn break across the spearhead, with none of the socket remaining. The spearhead has a sub-lozenge cross section, which suggests it is part of side looped socketed spearhead of middle Bronze Age date. The surface of the metal has some pitting and it has a patchy mid to dark green patina. The fragment is 41.99mm long, with a maximum width of 8.06mm, a minimum width of 2.79mm, and a maximum thickness of 4.72mm, minimum thickness of 1.87mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ashley, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 36.52 mm
Thickness: 13.18 mm
Weight: 27.26 g
Description: Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cast in copper alloy. Only a fragment of the axe survives. There are worn transverse breaks at both ends, leaving only part of the socket. The breaks appear old, however one, towards the butt end is more recent. The surviving section is sub-rectangular, with the sides expanding out towards what would have been the blade end. The fragment is rectangular in profile, with casting flashes along both sides. The axe has a worn surface and an even mid green patina. It is filled with compact soil. The axe fragment is 36.52mm long, 26.83mm wide and 13.18mm thick.
Notes: 1 of 4 fragments of different socketed axeheads found in the same area. Probably from a dispersed hoard. See HAMP-255006, HAMP-255D51 and HAMP-2556C6. 

This hoard does not constitute treasure, due to discovery in the late 1970's. Prehistoric base metal hoards did not come under the Treasure Act (1996) until 2003. Base metal finds were not treasure under Treasure Trove.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ashley, Test Valley, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28.29 mm
Thickness: 13.33 mm
Weight: 47.04 g
Description: Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cast in copper alloy. Only a fragment of the axe survives, including the blade end. There is a worn transverse break across the socket. The socket was originally rectangular, but has been crushed inwards along one edge. The surviving section of axe is sub-rectangular with a triangular profile. The sides are straight, expanding out slightly at the blade end. There are casting flashes along both sides. The blade is straight and is quite worn, however the wear is more pronounced on one side. The axe has a worn surface and an even mid green patina. The fragment is 28.29mm long, 35.01mm wide and 13.33mm thick.
Notes: 1 of 4 fragments of different socketed axeheads found in the same area. Probably from a dispersed hoard. See HAMP-253D34, HAMP-255D51 and HAMP-2556C6.

This hoard does not constitute treasure, due to discovery in the late 1970's. Prehistoric base metal hoards did not come under the Treasure Act (1996) until 2003. Base metal finds were not treasure under Treasure Trove.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -800)
Found: Market Bosworth, Hinckley and Bosworth, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 54.4 mm
Thickness: 10.3 mm
Weight: 12.86 g
Description: Incomplete fragment of a cast bronze side looped and socketed spear (spearhead) of probable Middle Bronze Age date (1500 - 1150 BC). The fragment represents the lower part of the blade and the upper part of the socket. The point, blade, and lower socket (with associated string-like loops) are missing. Therefore, accurate dimensions of the spears length and width cannot be given. The spearhead is broadly sub-triangular in plan and profile with an irregular cross section. The top of the fragment consists of the upper part of the central rib and is lozenge shaped in cross section; the spearhead expands towards the base of the socket where it is sub-circular in cross section. The base of the socket has been damaged and broken; the internal diameter is approximately 18.7 x 18.2mm. There are no visible areas of cast or incised decoration on the spearhead. The fragment measures 54.4mm lengths, has a maximum width of 14.4mm and maximum thickness of 10.3mm. The depth of the socket is 24.1mm. The spearhead weighs 12.86 grams. 

The spearhead is a mid-brown green colour with a relatively complete polished patina that covered all surfaces. This patina has been abraded in several areas and there are a few pock marks from corrosion on the socket. There are also a number of patches of light green powdery corrosion present. As mentioned above the blade of the spearhead is missing. This damage is relatively old as the breaks are worn and abraded. It is suggested that this spearhead fits with similar looped spearheads dated to the Middle Bronze Age, unfortunately the lack of diagnostic features on this examples means that a more detailed and accurate date cannot be achieved.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Finger Ring (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE (-2150 to 100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Cawood, Selby, North Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 13.2 mm
Diameter: 33.9 mm
Thickness: 4.9 mm
Weight: 18.6 g
Description: A large copper alloy finger ring formed from a coiled rod. The rod is sub-circular in section with sharply cut ends. The ring has a diameter of 33.9mm, is 13.2mm tall over three coils of the rod, and the rod is 4.9mm thick. There is an even light green and brown patina on all surfaces. This large ring could have been used as currency and probably dates from the Bronze Age or Iron Age. There is a very close parallel in the Yorkshire Museum Boynton Collection (YORYM 2006.1110) which is from Cyprus. There are also similar examples, but larger and described as bracelets, on page 121 of Nicholson (1980) Catalogue of the Prehistoric Metalwork in Merseyside County Museums. Merseyside County Council: Liverpool.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Brailes, Stratford-on-Avon, Warwickshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 22.83 mm
Weight: 9.5 g
Description: Fragment of a cast copper alloy socketed axe. The fragment is a side portion of the socket mouth. The rim of the mouth has a slightly bulbous ‘n’ shaped profile, particularly on the exterior face. The mouth is then moulded with a wide horizontal high relief band before the body of the axe continues. Only a fragment of the axe body remains before it is broken. This edge is not a recent break, as the patina continues over the broken edge. On the exterior a vertical casting seam bisects the fragment. The interior surface is undecorated and is slightly undulating. The fragment has a well developed heavy dark brown patina. There is some corrosion along the broken edge. It measures 22.83mm long from the rim to the broken edge and 27.38mm wide. It weighs 9.5g.

The fragment dates to the late Bronze Age (-1150 to -800).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Dagger (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Quinton, South Northamptonshire, Northamptonshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 101.01 mm
Thickness: 3.95 mm
Weight: 38 g
Description: A largely complete Bronze Age dagger blade, covered with green patina.  The blade has a flat section, with gently tapering, bevelled edges, and part of the tang is extant.  The entire fragment measures  101.01mm long, and is  34.29mm wide at its widest point.  The tang is 6.86mm long.  No decoration is visible.
Notes: Deposited with Piddington Roman Villa Museum by an anonymous finder.  Precise date of recovery is unknown.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Chisel (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE (-1450 to -500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hampton Lovett, Wychavon, Worcestershire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 38.98 mm
Thickness: 5.38 mm
Weight: 11.5 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper alloy tanged chisel. The chisel is represented by the blade, shoulder and the beginning of the tang. The tang has broken near the shoulder, and has a rectangular section. The break is not too recent has it has a different coloured patina to the surface. The tang expands in width towards the shoulder. Integral to each side of the shoulder is the remains of an integral lug. The thickness is of the chisel is at its greatest at this point at 5.38mm and may suggest a collar at the shoulder. The blade is a sub-triangle in plan with the sides being slightly concave and the blade is flared, convex and is abraded. The surface of the chisel has an incomplete dark brown patina, which is pitted, particularly on one surface. The chisel measures 38.98mm long and 18.74mm wide across the blade. It weighs 11.5g. 

Tanged chisels occur from the end of the Middle Bronze Age (c. 1450 BC to 600 BC.), and remain in use until Llyn Fawr Metalwork, 750 - 500BC. The collared chisel can be paralleled with a late Middle Bronze Age example found at Rhys Flintshire (Savory 1980, No 224 Guide Catalogue of the Bronze Age Collections in the National Museum of Wales Cardiff).
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Metal Working Debris (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: New Addington, Croydon, Greater London Authority (London)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 42.64 mm
Thickness: 24.89 mm
Weight: 114 g
Description: A lump of copper alloy ingot. The object is slightly wedge-shaped in section and is not obviously part of a circular 'bun'.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Newdigate, Mole Valley, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 30.61 mm
Thickness: 10.99 mm
Weight: 27.78 g
Description: A fragment from a socketed axe of Late Bronze Age date. Only the blade survives and this is very worn with no original surfaces surviving.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Mount (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE (-2150 to 100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Burton Hastings, Rugby, Warwickshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28 mm
Thickness: 9 mm
Weight: 9.08 g
Description: Unidentified prehistoric? copper alloy fragment, 28mm long, 11mm deep and 9mm wide. The object is in fair condition with a green patina and weighs 9.08 grams. It is sub triangular in section and its curves forming almost an S shape. It starts with a curved edge, 1mm wide, then from here it widens to 9mm. The widest surface has a raised lip at each edge which curves to form the almost S shape, between each lip the surface is formed of a semi-circular depression. At one end the two lips and the underside converge in a curved point. At  the other end the two lips converge but the object carries on. At this point the object has snapped and it has one almost straight edge and one with a shallow crescent shape.  The object is reminiscent of the leaf like protrusions on Iron age terret rings, but the metal 'looks' Bronze age.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Whitchurch, Basingstoke and Deane, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40 mm
Thickness: 7.275 mm
Weight: 17.65 g
Description: 
A fragment from the lower blade of a cast copper-alloy Bronze Age axehead. The fragment consisting of the cutting edge in full and part of the blade defined by a diagonal cut from the edge on one side to the cutting edge on the other. The whole is pitted and corroded with a green patina.

Notes: 
This record was made at a rally and may thus fall below our usual standards of recording.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Button (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hollingbourne, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 18.82 mm
Weight: 2.5 g
Description: A cast copper-alloy button of possible Bronze Age date.



The button is roughly circular in form and triangular in section. The base is concave and fitted with a semicircular loop that has a circular-cross section 12mm long, 4mm wide 6mm high. The object is in good condition with a dark green patina. 



This button is similar to an unusual Bronze Age group of objects illustrated by Hawkes (1955, pg G.B.17.3 (3), nos.26-7; G.B.52, no.8 and G.B.55.10) which are dated c.2150-800 BC. A single stray example has also been recorded on the PAS at GLO-585315.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2150 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Shackerstone, Hinckley and Bosworth, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 63 mm
Thickness: 10 mm
Weight: 65 g
Description: Early Bronze age flat axehead, 63mm long, 57mm wide and 10mm thick (at butt). The axe is in fair condition with a green patin and weighs 65grams. The axe has a rectangular section and it starts 10mm thick but gradually thins to the blades thickness of just over 1mm (which is surprisingly well preserved, almost sharp). The axes sides taper very gently outwards until about two thirds of the way down its length, where the blade splays outwards about 15mm on each side, forming a triangular protrusion. From the corners of these a rounded blade emerges, which is not quite symmetrical. Overall the object appears hastily formed and it has a rough uneven surface.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1250 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurnham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40.77 mm
Thickness: 17.1 mm
Description: Late Bronze Age / Iron Age awl. Cast in copper alloy, It is 40.77mm long, 5.81mm wide and 17.01mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1250 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Fawkham, Sevenoaks, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50.4 mm
Diameter: 16.47 mm
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl. Round sectioned, pointed top. 50.40mm long, 16.47mm in diameter.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sickle (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE (-1400 to -600)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurnham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 25.27 mm
Thickness: 4.31 mm
Description: Bronze Age sickle blade fragment, cast in copper alloy. Worn breaks, lozenge cross-section. It is 25.27mm long, 20.49mm wide and 4.31mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Pin (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Thurnham, Maidstone, Kent (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 77.78 mm
Thickness: 4.28 mm
Description: Bronze Age copper alloy pin, broken looped terminal. Circular cross section. It is 77.78mm long, 14.50mm wide and 4.28mm thick.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder