dejp3/bronze-age-objects-pas huggingface dataset:
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , East Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27.28 mm
Thickness: 9.58 mm
Weight: 30.5 g
Description: A cast copper-alloy fragment of a socketed axe of Bronze Age date (1500-700 BC). The fragment consists of a sub rectangular, slightly concave side section, with a small amount of blade section remaining.


The metal is a green in colour with a brown patina.


Length: 27.28mm

Width: 39.63mm

Thickness: 9.58mm

Weight: 30.5g
Notes: The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2500 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: , East Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 38 mm
Thickness: 2.5 mm
Weight: 32.2 g
Description: A fragment of a cast copper-alloy sword of Bronze Age date (2500-700 BC). The fragment is from the blade section of the sword and is sub-rectangular in profile and lanceolate is section.


The metal is a dark brownish green in colour.


Length: 38.0mm

Width: 32.0mm

Thickness: 2.5mm

Weight: 32.2g
Notes: The initial records and photographic images were taken at Bishop Burton 2011 Rally. We understand that the images fall below our usual standards, this however is due to the difficult conditions (predominantly the lack of ideal lighting conditions) under which they were taken. The recorder has done what is possible to raise the quality of the images before attaching them to the records.

As these finds were recorded at the Bishop Burton 2011 Rally, the individual recording them onto the PAS Database has not seen them and was not the primary identifier. Therefore for more in-depth, secondary identification, only the paper records written at the Rally and the photographic images were available to assist.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barnburgh, Doncaster, Doncaster (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 20.3 mm
Thickness: 6.59 mm
Weight: 9.54 g
Description: A fragment of a probable Bronze Age palstave. Only part of the butt of the palstave survives. It is trapezoidal in plan and shaped like a serifed capital I in section. It tapers from 4.1mm thick at the broken end to1.68mm at the butt, not including the flanges. The metal is patinated to a green colour all over, and is deeply pitted in common with other poorly preserved Bronze Age objects. Palstaves date from the middle Bronze Age, about 1500 BC - 1150 BC. Compare NLM-10F757 for a similar fragment, but with different patination.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Burstow, Tandridge, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 34.6 mm
Thickness: 11.65 mm
Weight: 53.1 g
Description: A worn and very corroded fragment of a Late Bronze Age cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to c. 900-700 BC. This artefact consists of the lower portions of the socketed axehead blade, including a worn cutting edge, with only 11.7mm of the socket remaining; all the upper portions including the loop and mouth are missing. The original surfaces of this artefact are largely missing through corrosion, and it has a light green-grey colour.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to IRON AGE ( to )
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hoby with Rotherby, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 37 mm
Thickness: 4 mm
Weight: 4.08 g
Description: A copper alloy rod-shaped object, possibly a Bronze Age or later awl.  The central cross-section is rectangular, tapering to a blunted point at one end and an oblique point at the other, possibly due to an ancient patinated break.  The object is in very poor, corroded condition, is 37mm long, 5mm wide, 4mm thick and weighs 4.08g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Grimston, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 51 mm
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, round-sectioned pointed end and pointed sub-square sectioned tang. Length 51mm. Tang 2.5 x 3mm in section. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1900 to -1400)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: EPSOM, Epsom and Ewell, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 30.42 mm
Thickness: 7.15 mm
Weight: 17.71 g
Description: The butt end of an Early Bronze Age flanged axe. Only 30.5mm of the butt survives and this is sufficient to retain the ends of the uppermost part of the flanges.  The fragment is in very good condition with smooth surfaces now patinated dark green.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Armlet (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1300 to -1100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Outwood, Tandridge, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Agricultural or drainage work
Diameter: 74.63 mm
Thickness: 6.04 mm
Weight: 74 g
Description: An extremely corroded cast copper alloy pennanular armlet of probable middle Bronze Age date (c1300 to 1100BC). The armlet has a diameter of 75mm and weighs 74g. The terminals taper slightly and overlap with each other. The section is approximately D-shaped with flat facets in parts.


The armlet can perhaps be compared with two examples found at Cranleigh, Surrey (Surrey Archaeological Collections vol.86, 1999, pp203-5).


The armlet was apparently found c2010 in a ditch. No further details are known.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Knife (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Postwick with Witton, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40 mm
Thickness: 5.3 mm
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy single-edged knife, the distal end of the blade, in rather abraded condition. Ancient break. Length >40.5mm. Width 17mm. Thickness 5.3mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period:  to  (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Holne, South Hams, Devon (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 33 mm
Thickness: 4 mm
Description: A fragment of copper-alloy sword dating to the late Bronze Age (1000 to 700 BC). The fragment comprises part of the blade of the sword; the item is sub-rectangular in plan with a mid rib on both upper and lower surface, its cutting edges taper inwards and would have originally formed a point. In section the blade is lozenge shaped. The surface is worn with some marks. The dimensions of the object are: 33mm length, 19mm width, 4mm thickness.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Guestwick, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 83 mm
Thickness: 20 mm
Weight: 92.42 g
Description: Small Middle Bronze Age copper alloy palstave: No loops, butt broken. Both faces with stop ridge, hammered on one face, concave blade expansion, crescentic cutting edge with broken outer angles missing. Length 83mm. Max. width >25.5mm. Thickness at ridge 20mm. Weight 92.42g. Middle Bronze Age, 1600 - 1000 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Winterton, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 66.2 mm
Thickness: 2.7 mm
Weight: 27.24 g
Description: Copper alloy spear head fragment. Cast looped socket of a side looped spear head. The loops are long - circa 20mm - and narrow - circa 3.8mm, and projecting circa 3mm from the wall of the socket, and appear entirely separate from the blade (which is lost). The socket is gently tapered, from 17.6mm diameter at the shaft end to 15.5mm diameter towards the blade. The shaft end appears to exhibit signs of a recent break; at the blade end the break appears more weathered, though should still probably be ascribed to relatively recent times. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1150 BC.



Length: 66.2mm, Diameter: 17.6mm, Thickness of socket wall (clear of loops, at blade end): 2.7mm-1.9mm, Weight: 27.24gms.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Belton, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 75.7 mm
Thickness: 36 mm
Weight: 165.44 g
Description: Cast copper-alloy socketed axehead. A stumpy and possibly miscast axehead with a wide sub-rectangular mouth (circa 29mm x 27mm) with a slightly flared edge of thickness circa 5mm, a loop of length 22mm adjacent to the socket, and with traces of three ribs of length circa 29mm on either side of the blade. Only the central ribs are clearly discernible, the others falling close to the aris between the sides and the upper and lower surfaces. Incompletely cleaned casting flash extends along the underside of the axe, and this is adjacent to a split of length 36mm extending from the mouth of the socket towards the blade, adjacent to the loop. The axe is abraded, most heavily at its cutting edge and socket. Given the possibility that the casting was deficient, this wear should probably not be attributed to use of the axe, and indeed, the primary function of such objects may not have been as tools. Suggested date: Late Bronze Age, 1150-800 BC.



Length: 75.7mm, Width: 43.1mm, Thickness (overall): 36.0mm, Weight: 165.44gms.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rapier (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Hassocks, Mid Sussex, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 24.4 mm
Thickness: 8.4 mm
Weight: 15.21 g
Description: A small fragment of a Bronze Age rapier blade, c. 1500-1000 BC.  The fragment consists of a tapering portion of the rapier, with an oval-sectioned central rib and flattened flanges each side. It is broken across two horizontal sections of the blade, as well as a large portion of the side-flanges.  It has an uneven medium green patina with some areas fairly unstable.  The fragment measures 24.4 mm long; 19.7 mm max. width, with a maximum width of the central rib measuring 17.7 mm and the minimum width of the central rib measuring 11.8 mm; it is 8.4 mm thick and weighs 15.21 grams. Similar examples have been recorded previously on the PAS database; cf.: LON-D129F8, KENT-2644F0, YORYM-CFEE95.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Postwick with Witton, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 31 mm
Description: Fragment of a Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth and angle between face and side. Length >31mm. Width >25mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Rapier (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Forncett, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 18 mm
Thickness: 4 mm
Description: Fragment of a Middle Bronze Age copper alloy rapier blade, both ends broken in antiquity. Length >18mm. Width 16mm. 4mm thick. c.1600-c.1000 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Braughing, East Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41.7 mm
Thickness: 4.4 mm
Weight: 3.15 g
Description: A copper-alloy awl of probable Late Bronze Age date.


The widest and thickest part of the artefact is near the centre point, from where it tapers in both directions. One side is of rectangular section and tapers to a wedge-shaped end; the other side is sub-rectangular in section, having slightly convex surfaces, and terminates in a point.


Dimensions: 41.7mm long, 4.8mm wide, 4.4mm thick. Weight: 3.15g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: South Clifton, Newark and Sherwood, Nottinghamshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 31 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Weight: 22.55 g
Description: A fragment of Middle-Late Bronze Age (c.1100-800 BC) copper alloy blade, measuring 31x27x8mm and weighing 22.55g. The blade is lozenge-shaped in cross-section and tapers in plan. The wings measure circa 4mm in width on both sides. Both ends of the blade are broken and are now rough and pitted. The breaks are mid-green in colour while the surface of the blade is reddish-brown. The sword probably belongs to the Ewart Park Phase.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Blade (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1250 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Myddle and Broughton, Shropshire, Shropshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 33.7 mm
Thickness: 3.1 mm
Weight: 12.6 g
Description: A fragment from a cast blade, of Middle Bronze Age dating (c. 1250 BC to c. 800 BC).


The blade fragment is sub trapezoidal in plan, and sub rectangular in section. The remains of a circular rivet hole is present at the top of the fragment. The remnants of the original plan surface (concave, narrowing towards the edge) is located along the left hand side of the fragment.


The fragment measures 33.70 mm in length, 34.04 mm wide and 3.10 mm thick. It weighs 12.6 grams.


The fragment is a mid to dark green colour, with an even surface patina.


The shape of the fragment, including the original bladed edge is suggestive that this fragment may have originally been part of a dagger or a rapier. However due to the size of the fragment, this identification is only a possibility.


Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): One edge has been broken to form a trapezoidal shape  as these things normally have two rivet holes both on the upper edge in the corners. I think from the pictures one is good for the original edge - the other is happenstance and where the second hole should be is lost - or deliberately cut down for an unknown reason - it looks deliberately thinned in section - it may have been cut down to form another object - possibly a razor.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2250 to -1900)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Waterhouses, Staffordshire Moorlands, Staffordshire (West Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50.84 mm
Thickness: 8.38 mm
Weight: 41 g
Description: An incomplete cast copper alloy, probable flat axe, of Early Bronze Age dating (c. 2250 BC to c. 1900 BC).


The fragment is sub rectangular in plan and section. One end tapers to a point and is sub circular in shape. The edges of the fragment gradually taper outwards and the fragment develops a square cross section. An old break is present across the top of the fragment.


The fragment measures 50.84 mm in length, 25.09 mm wide and has a maximum thickness of 8.38 mm. It weighs 41.0 grams.


The fragment is a mid to dark green colour, with an uneven surface patina. Abrasion, caused by movement whilst within the plough soil, has resulted in a loss of the majority of the original surface and detail. The patina has flaked away in a couple of areas, leaving a lighter green area. These areas should be monitored for signs of active copper corrosion (a bright green powdery residue) occurring. To reduce the risk of this happening, the fragment should be stored in a sealed dry, air tight environment, such as a tupperware box lined with acid free tissue paper and silica gel.


This fragment is probably the butt of a late flat axe something like a type Migdale or Type Alyesford which may or may not have a proto stop ridge or slight raised side flanges, although it may have possibly been developed into a long flanged axehead. These are of Early Bronze Age dating .


Comment from Peter Reavill (FLO Herefordshire & Shropshire): Although incomplete this axe best fits into the final phases of the Migdale metalworking tradition Type: Migdale - decorated variant. However, it does share some of the characteristics (mostly of blade shape) of the Developed Flat Axes specifically variants Falkland and Scrabo Hill. These are dated to the Early Bronze Age (EBA phase II / III), of metalworking stage IV-VI, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 2-3 circa 2250 - 1900 CAL. BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1400 to -1300)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Elmton, Bolsover, Derbyshire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 142.2 mm
Thickness: 28.6 mm
Weight: 396 g
Description: A cast copper alloy, flanged axe dating from the Middle Bronze age, about 1400 - 1300 BC (Metalwork Stage IX, Needham Period 5). It fits into the Taunton Metalwork assemblage. The sides of the butt expand into two prominent flanges, each a pointed oval shape viewed from the side. The blade expands into a crescent shaped cutting edge, one tip of which has broken off and is missing.  The cutting edge has a blade facet, and rows of hammer marks are visible on the rest of the blade. The point between the butt and the blade (the stop) is the thickest point of the axe, but the change of angle here is very slight and there is no obvious stop ridge; the flanges extend slightly beyond this point. There is a slight ridge or nick across each side face at the end of the flanges. visible in plan view. The butt tapers from 14.85mm thick at the stop , to 3.3mm at the butt. The internal measurement between the flanges is about 17 at the base and 19mm at the top of the flanges. The flange sides are slightly convex, but the blade sides are straight. The axe has a smooth, dark green patina with a few scratches and gouges. It is 124.2mm long, 56.5mm wide and 28.6mm thick. It weighs 396gm. Compare WMID-11DAE0 and LANCUM-B39815 which notes that winged axes are more common in Northern England in the Taunton Metalwork assemblage. There is no visible decoration.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bawburgh, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Agricultural or drainage work
Length: 105 mm
Weight: 211 g
Description: Unfinished Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axehead. Some surface cleaning was carried out after removal of the object from the mould, but a high casting seam runs from the mouth to the cutting edge on both sides, the loop is blocked by a thin skin of metal and the cutting edge is unsharpened. Both faces are decorated with five vertical ribs, the central one of which bifurcates before its lower end. The surfaces lacks verdigris and is a deep brown colour indicative of burial in a peaty soil. Length 105mm. Width at cutting edge 49.5mm. Mouth 37.5 x 36mm externally. Weight 210g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Crowmarsh, South Oxfordshire, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 67.7 mm
Thickness: 27.16 mm
Weight: 92 g
Description: 
A late Bronze Age axe of plain Southeastern type. The loop and collar are missing and the casting seams are filed smooth. The socket extends below a constriction into a void which fills the interior of the blade. This has resulted in distortion of the blade, which has split across its width, leaving one side of the blade bending outwards. The void within the blade appears to be a casting accident when, perhaps, part of the central core dislodged during casting. A similar feature was noted on a socketed axe found in a hoard of axes at Woodcote, south London.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Crowmarsh, South Oxfordshire, Oxfordshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27.07 mm
Thickness: 14.31 mm
Weight: 26.6 g
Description: 
A fragment of the blade of a late Bronze Age socketed axe. What survives is a corner of the blade, broken diagonally, with the extremity of the base of the socket.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Roxby cum Risby, North Lincolnshire, North Lincolnshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39.4 mm
Thickness: 7.4 mm
Weight: 9.58 g
Description: Copper alloy spearhead fragment. Cast tip of a spear with a prominent mid rib of angular rhomboid section. Although displaying some green corrosion product the break appears relatively fresh. Suggested date: Middle Bronze Age, 1500-1150 BC.



Length: 39.4mm, Width: 16.6mm, Thickness (at mid rib): 7.4mm, Weight: 9.58gms.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Climping, Arun, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 47.1 mm
Thickness: 6.1 mm
Weight: 37.6 g
Description: A fragment of a cast copper-alloy socketed axehead dating to the Late Bronze Age (c. 1150-800 BC).  The remains of the axehead consists of a portion of the double-ribbed socket-end, remains of the loop and a portion of the body; the fragment is less than a half of the original object.  The metal is of an even dark green patina with some reddish-brown areas on the interior and a small casting bubble.  The fragment measures 47.1 mm long, 32 mm wide (socket-end), with a maximum thickness of 6.1 mm at the loop; it weighs 37.6 grams.
Notes: 
Finder mentions that this object may have become exposed on the beachfront during a re-grating of the shingle by a bulldozer.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1100)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Tawstock, North Devon, Devon (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 145 mm
Thickness: 12 mm
Description: A fragment of a Bronze Age copper alloy palstave axe fragment, probably dating to c. 1500-1100. The fragment is highly abraded and comprises of the butt end of the palstave, broken prior to the stop ridge. The fragment is rectangular in plan and triangular in profile, the flanges creating an "I" shaped cross-section and defining a rectangular septum.
Notes: 
This record was initially left unfinished and has been updated and promoted so that it can be of use to researchers. It falls below our current standards for recording and identification.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: West Acre, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 58 mm
Weight: 9.68 g
Description: Incomplete Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, most of the round-sectioned blade missing. The tang is of rectangular cross-section and tapers to a wedge-like terminal. Length more than 58mm. Width / diameter at junction of blade and tang 6.5mm. Weight 9.68g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Barton Bendish, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41.5 mm
Description: Fragment of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead, side-loop and a small part of the mouth and side. The breaks are ancient but there is some recent scuffing. Extant length and width 41.5 and 18.5mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2350 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Stody, North Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 40 mm
Description: Incomplete Early Bronze Age flat axehead. Butt end missing, narrow, rectangular-sectioned body expanding sharply for crescentic cutting edge. Surface pitted and corroded, particularly at blade. Survivng width of cutting edge 38mm. Surviving length 40mm. Body 20 x 8mm at break.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: EPSOM, Epsom and Ewell, Surrey (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 36.17 mm
Thickness: 7.94 mm
Weight: 33.97 g
Description: 
A fragment of a cast copper alloy sword, probably of late Bronze Age date. The fragment is very worn and the blade edges are missing; it is now rounded in section and with no angle changes on the blade.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1700 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Scoulton, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 39 mm
Thickness: 18 mm
Description: Fragment of butt end of copper alloy Middle or Late Bronze Age flanged or palstave axe head. Rectangular-sectioned with straight side flanges expanding to ancient, irregular break. Slight casting seams visible. Surviving length 39mm. Maximum surviving width 24mm. Maximum surviving thickness 18mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ropley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 29.6 mm
Thickness: 13.4 mm
Weight: 18.55 g
Description: The corroded butt end of a cast copper alloy palstave axe of Middle Bronze Age date. The fragment measures 29.60mm in length and 18.57mm in width and displays prominent side ridges.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Knife (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ashby St. Mary, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 47 mm
Thickness: 3 mm
Weight: 11.77 g
Description: Incomplete Middle to Late Bronze Age two-edged knife in abraded condition and with both the butt of the tang and the lower blade missing. Length more than 47mm. Width 28.5mm. Thickness 3mm. Weight 11.77g. c.1300 - c. 800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Unidentified Object (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Attleborough, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Height: 20 mm
Thickness: 13 mm
Description: A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object, 'moustache-shaped' and in rather worn condition, with both of the lower tips damaged. Central hollow in base, transverse median groove around the top and a perforation in the centre of the upper face. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both sides of the moustache (the upper face on one side partly worn) and plain constrictions at points. Height 20mm. Width 30mm. Thickness 13mm. Weight 13.89g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Gayton (HER 16121), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bintree, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41 mm
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, part of mouth with probable stump of casting jet, face and one side with casting seam. Faint traces of vertical ribs on the surviving face. The edges have been broken in antiquity. Surviving length 41mm. Surviving width 32mm. c.1000 - c.800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1600 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Scoulton, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 20 mm
Thickness: 8 mm
Description: Fragment of butt end of probable Middle Bronze Age palstave or flanged axehead. Rectangular-sectioned, thickening slightly to transverse break, parallel sides, the flanges damaged and incomplete. Surviving width 25mm. Surviving length 20mm. Surviving maximum thickness 8mm. Breaks ancient and worn.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to MEDIEVAL (-2350 to 1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Scoulton, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 18 mm
Thickness: 9 mm
Description: Copper alloy casting jet. Oval, with two runners. Bronze Age to Medieval. 26 x 9 x 18mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-2000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Urchfont, Wiltshire, Wiltshire (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 32.89 mm
Thickness: 13 mm
Weight: 16.8 g
Description: 
A casting well and two diagonal jets from casting a copper alloy object. The object is probably of Bronze Age date to judge from the patina and corrosion.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to MEDIEVAL (-2350 to 1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Scoulton, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Description: 
Undated copper alloy casting jet. Oval with one runner. 

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (1000 to 700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Postwick with Witton, Broadland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 28 mm
Thickness: 14 mm
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age socketed axe, cutting edge and part of socket. Ancient break. Width 43mm. Thickness 14mm. Surviving length 28mm. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Unidentified Object (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1000)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Scole, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Height: 27 mm
Thickness: 10.5 mm
Weight: 16.98 g
Description: A probable Middle Bronze Age copper alloy unidentified object, 'moustache-shaped' with one of the lower tips damaged. Central hollow in base, transverse median groove around the top. There are multiple longitudinal grooves on the upper face on both sides of the moustache, the tapering lower parts plain. Height 27mm. Surviving width 39mm. Thickness 10.5mm. Weight 16.98g. The date of this enigmatic object is uncertain. Examples occurred in the Salisbury Hoard, which contained Bronze Age material but was buried in the Iron Age (Stead 1998). An example was found recently in a Middle Bronze Age context at Clay Farm, Cambridgeshire (see entry for HAMP-C04CC3). Other Norfolk examples have been found in Attleborough (HER 56965, NMS-IF5E55), Barton Bendish (HER 17600), Gayton (HER 16121), Methwold (HER 5235), Runcton Holme (HER 33872), Shernborne (HER 24431), Shouldham Thorpe (HER 39265), Snettisham (HER 24432), Swaffham (HER 29208), see Rogerson and Ashley (2009), 556-7, figs.1-3.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spear (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Shelfanger, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 135 mm
Weight: 78.73 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed spearhead, with two peg-holes in the socket. The tip, parts of the mouth of the socket and most of the cutting edges are missing. The damage is not ancient. Length more than 135mm. Width more than 36.5mm. Weight 78.73g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ring (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1100 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Stannington, Northumberland, Northumberland (North East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 48.37 mm
Thickness: 4.84 mm
Weight: 7 g
Description: An incomplete copper-alloy ring, probably of late Bronze Age date, c.1100-700 BC.


The object is sub-circular in section with a gentle curve to it. It is undecorated.
Notes: The presumed date of late Bronze Age for the ring is due to the discovery of a scattered hoard in the same field (NCL-2E4872/2010 T442), which also contained incomplete copper-alloy rings. This piece does not match any of the existing rings, though the size and patina is consistent.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Warfield, Bracknell Forest, Bracknell Forest (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 50.34 mm
Thickness: 13.72 mm
Description: A fragment comprising the blade and lower part of a plain but worn socketed axe of the late Bronze Age (Type Meldreth).  The edges are rounded and the surfaces are abraded and pitted. The socket extends for 18mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1000 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Swallowfield, Wokingham, Wokingham (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 113.07 mm
Thickness: 5.62 mm
Weight: 19.2 g
Description: A long and slender cast copper alloy chisel, probably of late Bronze Age date. The chisel measures 113.07mm in length and has a spatulate end which projects from a square section. The tang itself has a circular section and ends in a point. Much of the green surface patina appears to have been removed post-discovery.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flanged Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to -1150)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Middleton St. George, Darlington, Darlington (North East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 119 mm
Weight: 165 g
Description: A cast copper alloy flanged axe with continuous raised flanges and stop-ridge central rib. The axe dates to the Middle Bronze Age (1500 to 1150 BC) and weighs 165 g and is 119 mm long.



The blade of the axe is sub-triangular in plan with convex expanding sides and a convex cutting edge. In profile the blade is sub-triangular with the widest section before the stop ridge. Beneath the stop ridge there is a tapering central rib. This rib extends approximately half way down the length of the blade and terminates in a rounded point.



The rear part of the axe (from the stop ridge to the butt is rectangular in plan and sub-triangular in profile with the widest part behind the stop ridge.



The surface of the axehead is quite corroded and is mostly mid-brown in colour with areas of green.
Notes: 
This record was created using photographs and information kindly provided by the finder.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-900 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Wendover, Aylesbury Vale, Buckinghamshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 20.6 mm
Thickness: 5 mm
Weight: 4.38 g
Description: 
The side loop from a Late Bronze Age socketed axe. The loop is oval in section.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Razor (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Routh, East Riding of Yorkshire, East Riding of Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 46.2 mm
Thickness: 3.2 mm
Weight: 16.9 g
Description: A complete but damaged copper alloy razor of Bronze Age date. The blade of the razor is leaf-shaped with narrowed sides forming the cutting edges. A tapering triangular raised central rib is present on both sides of the razor extending from the tang to the point of the blade. The tang itself is rectangular and thin terminating in a flared, fan shape. The razor is bent over roughly half way along its length with a wide break.

The metal has a mid blackish-green patina and is worn. The razor is 46.2mm long (bent), 27.2mm wide, 3.2mm thick and weighs 16.9g.

Similar examples have been recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme database as WAW-878535, DENO-BB1BD6 and NCL-E94708.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Bead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1300 to -1150)
Material: Gold 
Found: Salthouse, North Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 6.5 mm
Diameter: 10.5 mm
Weight: 0.74 g
Description: Biconical gold bead: sheet bead of biconical profile and annular form, probably cast. The wall is of constant thickness and slightly rough inner face. No join is visible to the naked eye. Weight: 0.74g; Diameter: 10.5mm; Internal diameter: 5mm; Width: 6.5mm
Notes: The gold bead is likely to date to the Middle Bronze Age (c.1500-1100 BC) based on several close comparanda. The three biconical gold beads from the Burton, Wrexham, hoard are similar in form, size and weight to the Salthouse bead (PAS-5B1745; Gwilt et al. in Barton 2011). The Burton hoard comprised of several typo-chronologically distinctive artefacts (including bronze palstaves) that allow it to be dated to c.1300-1150 BC (Ibid.). The bead is also similar to those from Bourton-on-the-Water, Gloucestershire and Harlow, Essex, the former from a stratified Middle Bronze Age context (Varndell 2000, 12, no.1; 2005/6, 17, 270, no.6), and Buriton, Hampshire (HAMP-72E451).



Middle Bronze Age gold beads are a relatively rare find (Murgia et al. forthcoming) and can be contextualised with reference to the so-called 'ornament horizon(s)', which see a proliferation of bronze and gold ornaments in Southern England and Britain (respectively) during the period c.1400-1100 BC (Smith 1959; Roberts 2007).



The age and precious metal content of this item qualify it as Treasure under the stipulations of the Treasure Act 1996.
Subsequent action: Acquired by museum after being declared Treasure
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1150 to -801)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Newton Abbot, Teignbridge, Devon (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 57 mm
Description: 
An incomplete  Late Bronze Age socketed axehead.



The surviving piece represents the lower two thirds of the blade. One of the two widest faces is significantly damaged, revealing the hollow interior. The sides flare slightly, towards the bottom, where there is a rounded cutting edge.

Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Palstave (Bronze Age)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Llanyre, Powys, Powys (Wales)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 67.5 mm
Thickness: 24.5 mm
Weight: 129.4 g
Description: The blade of a Bronze Age palstave, broken at the stop-ridge. It has a single, central midrib and the sides flare out slightly towards the gently curved blade. Much of the original surface has been lost, although one side is in better condition than the other. It is not possible to say whether it ever had a loop. Colour is various shades of green (Spencer, J, 2012)
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Spearhead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1550 to -1250)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Warthill, Ryedale, North Yorkshire (Yorkshire and the Humber)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 60.7 mm
Thickness: 12.2 mm
Weight: 23.8 g
Description: A fragment of a spearhead of middle Bronze Age date, about 1550-1250 BC. The fragment is part of a string looped spearhead which is sub-triangular in plan with a hollow conical section, probably corresponding with Davis Group 6. Only a small portion of the socketed body survives and is extremely worn with the blade and socket proper being lost.

The metal has a mid brownish-green patina and is worn. The spear is 60.7mm long, 20mm wide, 12.2mm thick and weighs 23.8g.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Casting Waste (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to ROMAN (-1500 to 400)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Ropley, East Hampshire, Hampshire (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 27.7 mm
Thickness: 10.8 mm
Weight: 22.41 g
Description: A worn fragment of copper-alloy casting waste of probable Bronze Age to Roman date (c. 1500 BC - AD 410). This object is oval in plan and sub-triangular in section, with one side tapering moderately and the other more gently from the centre of the upper surface. Along the upper surface of this artefact are the remains of a single casting jet or runner, which runs the length of the object and is rectangular in plan; it is also heavily abraded which has resulted in the loss of the complete form of the jet. The underside of this fragment is slightly convex and heavily worn, with the sides of this artefact rounded through abrasion. It has a light-mid green colour overall. The casting waste measures: 38.2mm length, 20.8 mm width and 10.8mm in thickness, with the casting runner 9.23mm wide, c.1.5mm high and set slightly off-centre. It weighs 22.41 grams.


Casting waste is very hard to date in isolation but the patina and form might suggest a Bronze Age - Roman date. The survival of casting waste is also relatively rare as it is usually recycled swiftly as a bi-product of casting.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Marham, King's Lynn and West Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 109 mm
Thickness: 9 mm
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age sword of 'Ewart Park' type: hafting plate with two rivet holes and adjacent part of blade . Ancient breaks across blade and grip. Surviving length 109mm. Width 48mm. 9mm thick. Weighs 133.8g. c.1000 - c.800 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Oving, Chichester, West Sussex (South East)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 41.3 mm
Thickness: 14.4 mm
Weight: 65.2 g
Description: A cast copper-alloy fragment consisting of the blade-end of a Late Bronze Age socketed axehead (1150-800 BC).  The blade-end has a flared edge; the socketed interior of the axehead is visible down into this fragment, with a sub-rectangular aperture running parallel with the edge of the blade.  A portion of the rest of the axehead seems to have fallen into this opening, however as it has corroded into place, it is uncertain what portion of the axehead these fragments originate from.  The surface condition of the axehead is poor, with areas of brownish-green patination interspersed with areas suffering from bronze disease and areas of intermittent condition.  It measures 41.3 mm long, approximately 47 mm wide at blade-end, with a 14.4 mm maximum thickness; the fragment weighs 65.2 grams.  For similar types of socketed axeheads, cf. Savory 1980, p. 172, fig. 24, esp. nos. 184-200.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Flat Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-2350 to -1500)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Garvestone, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 74 mm
Thickness: 11 mm
Description: Early Bronze Age copper alloy flat axehead. Curved cutting edge, slightly concave sides, straight butt. Both faces convex longitudonally, tapering from the centre towards the blade and butt. Length 74mm. Cutting edge 45mm. Maximum thickness 11mm.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Axe (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1500 to 800)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Broughton and Old Dalby, Melton, Leicestershire (East Midlands)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 44 mm
Thickness: 19 mm
Weight: 65.18 g
Description: Bronze age copper alloy axe head fragment,, probably from a palstave axe, 44mm long, 30mm wide and 19mm thick. The object is in poor condition and weighs 65.18grams. It consists of a sub rectangular shaped, triangular sectioned fragment which forms most of a blade. The damaged edge reveals a mostly solid interior with a sub triangular recess at the butt end.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Socketed Axehead (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Great Ellingham, Breckland, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 31 mm
Thickness: 14.5 mm
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy socketed axe, the complete cutting edge and the end of the socket, in sharp and fresh condition, casting seam on sides, iron staining on surfaces. The break is granular and unabraded. Width 48mm. Length more than 31mm. Thickness 14.5mm. Weight 42g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Awl (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Wicklewood, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 92.5 mm
Weight: 8.33 g
Description: Late Bronze Age copper alloy awl, slightly bent towards one end. The cross-section is round except for a short, almost square length near the centre, and tapers to a point at both ends. There is very little difference between the halves and it remains possible that this a double-ended and non-hafted tool designed to be held by hand at the centre. Length 92.5mm. Maximum width 5.5mm. Weight 8.33g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Sword (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to BRONZE AGE (-1000 to -701)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Bracon Ash, South Norfolk, Norfolk (Eastern)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 20 mm
Thickness: 5.7 mm
Weight: 12 g
Description: Fragment of Late Bronze Age copper alloy sword blade, both ends broken in antiquity. The cross-section is pointed ovoid, slightly flattened in the centre of both faces. The cutting edges are worn. Length more than 20mm. Width 29.5mm. Thickness 5.7mm. Weigth 12g. c.1000 - c.700 BC.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder
Object: Ingot (Bronze Age)
Period: Bronze Age to  (-1150 to -700)
Material: Copper alloy 
Found: Sennen, Cornwall, Cornwall (South West)
Discovery method: Metal detector
Length: 60 mm
Height: 25.4 mm
Thickness: 25.4 mm
Weight: 289.7 g
Description: Fragment of a cast copper alloy ingot, probably originally circular in plan and plano-convex in profile, but this fragment is square in plan and more rectangular in section and profile, as it likely comes from the centre of the original ingot. The surface of the ingot fragment is quite pitted and corroded, and generally light to dark green in colour, depending on how active the corrosion is, with patches of coppery red. Similar ingot fragments have been found in metalworkers hoards dating from the Late Bronze Age (c.1150-700 BC), most recently in a hoard (2012 T570) from St Buryan (CORN-37D710), the neighbouring parish, which was found with socketed axes that date from the Ewart Park phase (c.950-850 BC) of the Late Bronze Age.


Pearce (1983) illustrates similar ingots with rectangular sections from Mountbatten, Plymouth on page 451, PLate 36, No.281t, which were found with other Late Bronze Age metalwork, and an ingot fragment with similar dimensions from Churston Ferrers, Torbay on page 457, Plate 40, No.306b, which was found with a larger plano-convex ingot.
Subsequent action: Returned to finder