deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: how do you check for lupus?

Reference:
 Lupus nephritis Nephritis - lupus Lupus glomerular disease Summary Lupus nephritis, which is a kidney disorder, is a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus. Causes Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, or lupus) is an autoimmune disease. This means there is a problem with the body's immune system. Normally, the immune system helps protect the body from infection or harmful substances. But in people with an autoimmune disease, the immune system cannot tell the difference between harmful substances and healthy ones. As a result, the immune system attacks otherwise healthy cells and tissues. SLE may damage different parts of the kidney. This can lead to disorders such as interstitial nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and membranous glomerulonephritis. Over time, kidney failure can result. Symptoms Symptoms of lupus nephritis include: Blood in the urine Foamy appearance to urine Swelling (edema) of any area of the body High blood pressure Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform a physical exam and ask about your symptoms. Abnormal sounds may be heard when the provider listens to your heart and lungs. Tests that may be done include: ANA titer BUN and creatinine Complement levels Urinalysis Urine protein Kidney biopsy, to determine appropriate treatment Treatment The goal of treatment is to improve kidney function and to delay kidney failure. Medicines may include drugs that suppress the immune system, such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, or azathioprine. You may need dialysis to control symptoms of kidney failure, sometimes for only a while. A kidney transplant may be recommended. People with active lupus should not have a transplant because the condition can occur in the transplanted kidney. Outlook (Prognosis) How well you do, depends on the specific form of lupus nephritis. You may have flareups, and then times when you do not have any symptoms. Some people with this condition develop chronic kidney failure. Although lupus nephritis may return in a transplanted kidney, it rarely leads to end-stage kidney disease. Possible Complications Complications that may result from lupus nephritis include: Acute renal failure Chronic renal failure When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if you have blood in your urine or swelling of your body. If you have lupus nephritis, call your provider if you notice decreased urine output. Prevention Treating lupus may help prevent or delay onset of lupus nephritis. Review Date 8/1/2017 Updated by: Walead Latif, MD, Nephrologist and Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: Tests that may be done include: - ANA titer - BUN and creatinine - Complement levels - Urinalysis - Urine protein - Kidney biopsy, to determine appropriate treatment
Question: how is hemophilia treated

Reference:
 Hemophilia Hemophilia A Classic hemophilia Factor VIII deficiency Hemophilia B Christmas disease Factor IX deficiency Bleeding disorder - hemophilia Summary Hemophilia refers to a group of bleeding disorders in which blood clotting takes a long time. There are two forms of hemophilia: Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia, or factor VIII deficiency) Hemophilia B (Christmas disease, or factor IX deficiency) Causes When you bleed, a series of reactions take place in the body that helps blood clots form. This process is called the coagulation cascade. It involves special proteins called coagulation, or clotting factors. You may have a higher chance of excess bleeding if one or more of these factors are missing or aren't functioning like they should. Hemophilia is caused by the lack of clotting factor VIII or IX in the blood. In most cases, hemophilia is passed down through families (inherited). Most of the time, it is passed to male children. Symptoms The main symptom of hemophilia is bleeding. Mild cases may not be detected until later in life, after excessive bleeding following surgery or an injury. In the worst cases, bleeding occurs for no reason. Internal bleeding may occur anywhere and bleeding into joints is common. Exams and Tests Most often, hemophilia is diagnosed after a person has an abnormal bleeding episode. It can also be diagnosed by a blood test done to detect the problem, if other family members have the condition. Treatment The most common treatment is to replace the missing clotting factor in the blood through a vein (intravenous infusions). Special care during surgery needs to be taken if you have this bleeding disorder. So, be sure to tell your surgeon that you have this disorder. It is also very important to share information about your disorder with blood relatives as they may also be affected. Support Groups Joining a support group where members share common issues can relieve the stress of a long-term (chronic) disease. Outlook (Prognosis) Most people with hemophilia are able to do normal activities. But some people have bleeding into the joints, which may limit their activity. A small number of people with hemophilia may die of severe bleeding. Review Date 2/1/2017 Updated by: Todd Gersten, MD, Hematology/Oncology, Florida Cancer Specialists & Research Institute, Wellington, FL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: Hemophilia (Treatment): The most common treatment is to replace the missing clotting factor in the blood through a vein (intravenous infusions). Special care during surgery needs to be taken if you have this bleeding disorder. So, be sure to tell your surgeon that you have this disorder. It is also very important to share information about your disorder with blood relatives as they may also be affected.
Question: how smoking tobacco affects the rest of the body

Reference:
 Smoking Cigar smoking Cigarette smoking Pipe smoking Tobacco smoking Summary There's no way around it. Smoking is bad for your health. Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. It is also responsible for many other cancers and health problems. These include lung disease, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke and cataracts. Women who smoke have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems or having a baby die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Your smoke is also bad for other people - they breathe in your smoke secondhand and can get many of the same problems as smokers do. E-cigarettes often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. They are battery-operated smoking devices. Not much is known about the health risks of using them. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit. NIH: National Cancer Institute 

Answer: Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. It is also responsible for many other cancers and health problems. These include lung disease, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke and cataracts. Women who smoke have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems or having a baby die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Question: how to prevent conjunctivitis

Reference:
 Vernal conjunctivitis Summary Vernal conjunctivitis is long-term (chronic) swelling (inflammation) of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due to an allergic reaction. Causes Vernal conjunctivitis often occurs in people with a strong family history of allergies. These may include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer. Symptoms Symptoms include: Burning eyes. Discomfort in bright light (photophobia). Itching eyes. The area around the cornea where the white of the eye and the cornea meet (limbus) may become rough and swollen. The inside of the eyelids (most often the upper ones) may become rough and covered with bumps and a white mucus. Watering eyes. Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform an eye exam. Treatment Avoid rubbing the eyes because this can irritate them more. Cold compresses (a clean cloth soaked in cold water and then placed over the closed eyes) may be soothing. Lubricating drops may also help soothe the eye. If home-care measures do not help, you may need to be treated by your provider. Treatment may include: Antihistamine or anti-inflammatory drops that are placed into the eye Eye drops that prevent a type of white blood cell called mast cells from releasing histamine (may help prevent future attacks) Mild steroids that are applied directly to the surface of the eye (for severe reactions) Recent research suggests that a mild form of cyclosporine, which is an anti-cancer drug, may be helpful for acute episodes. It may also help prevent recurrences. Outlook (Prognosis) The condition continues over time (is chronic). It gets worse during certain seasons of the year, most often in the spring and summer. Treatment may provide relief. Possible Complications Complications may include: Continuing discomfort Reduced vision Scarring of cornea When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if your symptoms continue or get worse. Prevention Using air conditioning or moving to a cooler climate may help prevent the problem from getting worse in the future. Review Date 3/6/2018 Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: How to prevent Vernal conjunctivitis?: Using air conditioning or moving to a cooler climate may help prevent the problem from getting worse in the future.
Question: what are the symptoms for cystic fibrosis

Reference:
 Cystic fibrosis - resources Resources - cystic fibrosis Summary The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation -- www.cff.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis Review Date 11/12/2016 Updated by: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis: - Cystic Fibrosis Foundation -- www.cff.org - March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf - US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis
Question: what does kidney disease look like

Reference:
 Kidney disease - resources Resources - kidney disease Summary The following organizations are good resources for information on kidney disease: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease National Kidney Foundation -- www.kidney.org American Kidney Fund -- www.kidneyfund.org American Geriatrics Society's Health in Aging Foundation -- www.healthinaging.org/aging-and-health-a-to-z/topic:kidney-problems/ Review Date 11/12/2016 Updated by: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The following organizations are good resources for information on kidney disease: - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease - National Kidney Foundation -- www.kidney.org - American Kidney Fund -- www.kidneyfund.org - American Geriatrics Society's Health in Aging Foundation -- www.healthinaging.org/aging-and-health-a-to-z/topic:kidney-problems/ Updated by: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.