deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: what are symptoms of a nonfunctioning gallbladder

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Gallbladder removal - open (Why the Procedure is Performed): You may need this surgery if you have pain or other symptoms from gallstones. You may also need surgery if your gallbladder is not working normally.   Common symptoms may include:     - Indigestion, including bloating, heartburn, and gas    - Nausea and vomiting   - Pain after eating, usually in the upper right or upper middle area of your belly (epigastric pain)      The most common way to remove the gallbladder is by using a medical instrument called a laparoscope (laparoscopic cholecystectomy). Open gallbladder surgery is used when laparoscopic surgery cannot be done safely. In some cases, the surgeon needs to switch to an open surgery if laparoscopic surgery cannot be successfully continued.   Other reasons for removing the gallbladder by open surgery:     - Unexpected bleeding during the laparoscopic operation   - Obesity   - Pancreatitis (inflammation in the pancreas)   - Pregnancy (third trimester)   - Severe liver problems   - Past surgeries in the same area of your belly

Answer: If your gallbladder is not working normally, common symptoms may include indigestion, bloating, heartburn, gas, nausea, vomiting, and pain after eating, especially in the upper right or middle area of your belly.
Question: what are the causes of childhood obesity

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Childhood obesity (Lifestyle and home remedies): Addressing a woman's health and weight before she conceives could lead to improvements in childhood obesity. If you're overweight and thinking of becoming pregnant, losing weight and eating well might affect your child's future. Eating well throughout pregnancy might also have a positive impact on your baby's later food choices. To give your infant a healthy start, the World Health Organization recommends exclusively breast-feeding for 6 months. If your child is overweight or obese, his or her best chance to achieve and maintain a healthy weight is to start eating a healthy diet and exercising more. Here are some steps you can take at home to help your child succeed: - Be a role model. Choose healthy foods and active pastimes for yourself. If you need to lose weight, doing so will motivate your child to do likewise. - Involve the whole family. Make healthy eating a priority and emphasize how important it is for everyone to be physically active. This avoids singling out the child who is overweight.

Answer: The health and weight of the mother before she conceives can affect childhood obesity. If your child is obese, a healthy diet and exercise can increase their chances of losing weight and maintaining a healthy weight. Choose healthy foods will also contribute to this, as well as the food choices of the parent.
Question: what are the causes of childhood obesity

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Childhood obesity (Risk factors): Many factors - usually working in combination - increase your child's risk of becoming overweight: - Diet. Regularly eating high-calorie foods, such as fast foods, baked goods and vending machine snacks, can easily cause your child to gain weight. Candy and desserts also can cause weight gain, and more and more evidence points to sugary drinks, including fruit juices, as culprits in obesity in some people.   - Lack of exercise. Children who don't exercise much are more likely to gain weight because they don't burn as many calories. Too much time spent in sedentary activities, such as watching television or playing video games, also contributes to the problem.   - Family factors. If your child comes from a family of overweight people, he or she may be more likely to put on weight. This is especially true in an environment where high-calorie foods are always available and physical activity isn't encouraged.   - Psychological factors. Personal, parental and family stress can increase a child's risk of obesity. Some children overeat to cope with problems or to deal with emotions, such as stress, or to fight boredom. Their parents may have similar tendencies.   - Socioeconomic factors. People in some communities have limited resources and limited access to supermarkets. As a result, they may opt for convenience foods that don't spoil quickly, such as frozen meals, crackers and cookies. In addition, people who live in lower income neighborhoods might not have access to a safe place to exercise.

Answer: There are many factors that contribute to increasing your child's risk of becoming overweight. Regularly eating high calorie foods can cause your child to gain weight. Lack of physical exercise can contribute to childhood obesity. If your child comes from a family of overweight people, he or she may be more likely to put on weight. Personal, parental, and family stress can also increase a child's risk of obesity.
Question: what are the causes of childhood obesity

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What causes Obesity?: Taking in more calories than your body burns can lead to obesity. This is because the body stores unused calories as fat. Obesity can be caused by:  - Eating more food than your body can use  - Drinking too much alcohol  - Not getting enough exercise    Many obese people who lose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. They blame themselves for not having the willpower to keep the weight off. Many people regain more weight than they lost.  Today, we know that biology is a big reason why some people cannot keep the weight off. Some people who live in the same place and eat the same foods become obese, while others do not. Our bodies have a complex system to keep our weight at a healthy level. In some people, this system does not work normally.   The way we eat when we are children can affect the way we eat as adults.   The way we eat over many years becomes a habit. It affects what we eat, when we eat, and how much we eat.   We may feel that we are surrounded by things that make it easy to overeat and hard to stay active.   - Many people feel they do not have time to plan and make healthy meals.  - More people today work desk jobs compared to more active jobs in the past.  - People with little free time may have less time to exercise.    The term eating disorder means a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image. A person may be obese, follow an unhealthy diet, and have an eating disorder all at the same time.  Sometimes, medical problems or treatments cause weight gain, including:  - Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)  - Medicines such as birth control pills, antidepressants, and antipsychotics    Other things that can cause weight gain are:  - Quitting smoking. Many people who quit smoking gain 4 to 10 pounds in the first 6 months after quitting.  - Stress, anxiety, feeling sad, or not sleeping well  - Menopause. Women may gain 12 to 15 pounds during menopause.  - Pregnancy. Women may not lose the weight they gained during pregnancy.

Answer: Taking in more calories than your body burns can lead to obesity. This is because the body stores unused calories as fat. Obesity can be caused by eating more food than your body can use, drinking too much alcohol, or not getting enough exercise. Many obese people who lose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. Our bodies have a complex system to keep our weight at a healthy level. In some people, this system does not work normally.
Question: what are the causes of childhood obesity

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Childhood obesity (Causes): Lifestyle issues - too little activity and too many calories from food and drinks - are the main contributors to childhood obesity. But genetic and hormonal factors might play a role as well. For example, recent research has found that changes in digestive hormones can affect the signals that let you know you're full.

Answer: Childhood obesity can be caused by too little activity and too many calories from food or drinks. These are the main contributors to childhood obesity. Genetic and hormonal factors also play a role as well.
Question: what are the causes of pulmonary hypertension

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Pulmonary Hypertension (Causes): Pulmonary hypertension (PH) begins with inflammation and changes in the cells that line your pulmonary arteries. Other factors also can affect the pulmonary arteries and cause PH. For example, the condition may develop if: The walls of the arteries tighten. The walls of the arteries are stiff at birth or become stiff from an overgrowth of cells. Blood clots form in the arteries. These changes make it hard for your heart to push blood through your pulmonary arteries and into your lungs. Thus, the pressure in the arteries rises, causing PH. Many factors can contribute to the process that leads to the different types of PH. Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may have no known cause, or the condition may be inherited. ("Inherited" means the condition is passed from parents to children through genes.) Some diseases and conditions also can cause group 1 PAH. Examples include HIV infection, congenital heart disease, and sickle cell disease. Also, the use of street drugs (such as cocaine) and certain diet medicines can lead to PAH. Many diseases and conditions can cause groups 2 through 5 PH (often called secondary PH), including: Mitral valve disease Lung diseases, such as COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) Sleep apnea Sarcoidosis For more information about the types of PH and the diseases, conditions, and factors that can cause them, go to "Types of Pulmonary Hypertension."

Answer: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) begins with inflammation and changes in the cells that line your pulmonary arteries. Other factors can also cause PH. For example, if the walls of the arteries tighten, blood clots may become stiff from an overgrowth of cells.
Question: what are the causes of pulmonary hypertension

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Pulmonary hypertension (Risk factors): Your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension may be greater if: - You're a young adult, as idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension is more common in younger adults   - You're overweight   - You have a family history of the disease   - You have one of various conditions that can increase your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension   - You use illegal drugs, such as cocaine   - You take certain appetite-suppressant medications   - You have an existing risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, such as a family history of the condition, and you live at a high altitude

Answer: Your risk of developing pulmonary hypertension may be greater for a few reasons. These include if you're a young adult, you're overweight, you have a family history of the disease, you use illegal drugs, you take certain appetite-suppressant medications, you have an existing risk of developing pulmonary hypertension, or you live at a high altitude.
Question: what are the causes of pulmonary hypertension

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Pulmonary hypertension (Causes): The right side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. Blood returns to the left side of the heart, where it is pumped to the rest of the body.   When the small arteries (blood vessels) of the lungs become narrowed, they cannot carry as much blood. When this happens, pressure builds up. This is called pulmonary hypertension.   The heart needs to work harder to force the blood through the vessels against this pressure. Over time, this causes the right side of the heart to become larger. This condition is called right-sided heart failure, or cor pulmonale.   Pulmonary hypertension may be caused by:     - Autoimmune diseases that damage the lungs, such as scleroderma and rheumatoid arthritis   - Birth defects of the heart   - Blood clots in the lung (pulmonary embolism)   - Heart failure   - Heart valve disease   - HIV infection   - Low oxygen levels in the blood for a long time (chronic)   - Lung disease, such as COPD or pulmonary fibrosis   - Medicines (for example, certain diet drugs)   - Obstructive sleep apnea     In rare cases, the cause of pulmonary hypertension is unknown. In this case, the condition is called idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH). Idiopathic means the cause of a disease is not known. IPAH affects more women than men.   If pulmonary hypertension is caused by a known medicine or medical condition, it is called secondary pulmonary hypertension.

Answer: The right side of the heart pumps blood through the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. Blood returns to the left side of the heart, where it is pumped to the rest of the body. When the small arteries (blood vessels) of the lungs become narrowed, they cannot carry as much blood. When this happens, pressure builds up. This is called pulmonary hypertension.
Question: what are the causes of pulmonary hypertension

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Pulmonary hypertension (Summary): Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. It makes the right side of the heart work harder than normal.

Answer: Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs. It makes the right side of the heart work harder than normal.
Question: what are the main causes tooth loss?

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Cavities/tooth decay (Complications): Cavities and tooth decay are so common that you may not take them seriously. And you may think that it doesn't matter if children get cavities in their baby teeth. However, cavities and tooth decay can have serious and lasting complications, even for children who don't have their permanent teeth yet. Complications of cavities may include: - Pain   - Tooth abscess   - Swelling or pus around a tooth   - Damage or broken teeth   - Chewing problems   - Positioning shifts of teeth after tooth loss When cavities and decay become severe, you may have: - Pain that interferes with daily living   - Weight loss or nutrition problems from painful or difficult eating or chewing   - Tooth loss, which may affect your appearance, as well as your confidence and self-esteem   - In rare cases, a tooth abscess - a pocket of pus that's caused by bacterial infection - which can lead to more serious or even life-threatening infections

Answer: Cavities and tooth decay are so common that you may not take them seriously. You may even think that it doesn't matter if children get cavities in their baby teeth. However, cavities and tooth decay can have serious and lasting complications, even for children who don't have their permanent teeth yet.
Question: what are the risk factors of type ii diabetes

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Who is at risk for Diabetes??: Here are the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. -  being over 45 years of age  -  being overweight or obese  - having a first-degree relative -- a parent, brother, or sister -- with diabetes  - being African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian American or Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino. (Watch the video to learn more about native Americans and diabetes risk. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.)  - having gestational diabetes, or giving birth to at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds  - having blood pressure of 140/90 or higher, or having been told that you have high blood pressure.  - having abnormal cholesterol levels -- an HDL cholesterol level of 35 or lower, or a triglyceride level of 250 or higher  - being inactive or exercising fewer than three times a week.  - having polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS (women only)  - on previous testing, having prediabetes (an A1C level of 5.7 to 6.4 percent), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG)  - history of cardiovascular disease (disease affecting the heart and blood vessels). being over 45 years of age being overweight or obese having a first-degree relative -- a parent, brother, or sister -- with diabetes being African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian American or Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino. (Watch the video to learn more about native Americans and diabetes risk. To enlarge the video, click the brackets in the lower right-hand corner. To reduce the video, press the Escape (Esc) button on your keyboard.) having gestational diabetes, or giving birth to at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds having blood pressure of 140/90 or higher, or having been told that you have high blood pressure. having abnormal cholesterol levels -- an HDL cholesterol level of 35 or lower, or a triglyceride level of 250 or higher being inactive or exercising fewer than three times a week. having polycystic ovary syndrome, also called PCOS (women only) on previous testing, having prediabetes (an A1C level of 5.7 to 6.4 percent), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) history of cardiovascular disease (disease affecting the heart and blood vessels).

Answer: There are many risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Here a few of them: Being over 45 years of age, being overweight, having a first-degree relative with diabetes, or being African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian American or Pacific Islander, or Hispanic American/Latino. Additionally, other risk factors include giving birth to at least one baby weighing more than 9 pounds, having high blood pressure, having abnormal cholesterol levels, or exercising fewer than three times a week.
Question: what are the risk factors of type ii diabetes

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Type 2 diabetes (Risk factors): Researchers don't fully understand why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others don't. It's clear, however, that certain factors increase the risk, including: - Weight. Being overweight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The more fatty tissue you have, the more resistant your cells become to insulin. However, you don't have to be overweight to develop type 2 diabetes.   - Fat distribution. If your body stores fat primarily in your abdomen, your risk of type 2 diabetes is greater than if your body stores fat elsewhere, such as your hips and thighs.   - Inactivity. The less active you are, the greater your risk of type 2 diabetes. Physical activity helps you control your weight, uses up glucose as energy and makes your cells more sensitive to insulin.   - Family history. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases if your parent or sibling has type 2 diabetes.   - Race. Although it's unclear why, people of certain races - including blacks, Hispanics, American Indians and Asian-Americans - are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than whites are.   - Age. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. That's probably because people tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescents and younger adults.   - Prediabetes. Prediabetes is a condition in which your blood sugar level is higher than normal, but not high enough to be classified as diabetes. Left untreated, prediabetes often progresses to type 2 diabetes.   - Gestational diabetes. If you developed gestational diabetes when you were pregnant, your risk of developing type 2 diabetes increases. If you gave birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds (4 kilograms), you're also at risk of type 2 diabetes.   - Polycystic ovarian syndrome. For women, having polycystic ovarian syndrome - a common condition characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth and obesity - increases the risk of diabetes.

Answer: It's not entirely clear why some people develop type 2 diabetes and others don't. It's clear, however, that there are certain factors that increase the risk. These include being overweight, fat distribution around your abdomen, lack of exercise, being of black, Hispanic, American Indian, or Asian American descent, and being above the age of 45.
Question: what are the risk factors of type ii diabetes

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Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes: You can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. Talk with your health care professional about any of the health conditions listed above that may require medical treatment. Managing these health problems may help reduce your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Also, ask your health care professional about any medicines you take that might increase your risk.

Answer: You can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. Talk with your health care professional about any of the health conditions listed above that may require medical treatment. Managing these health problems may help reduce your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Also, ask your health care professional about any medicines you take that might increase your risk.
Question: what are the symptoms for cystic fibrosis

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Cystic fibrosis (Symptoms): Symptoms in newborns may include:     - Delayed growth   - Failure to gain weight normally during childhood    - No bowel movements in first 24 to 48 hours of life    - Salty-tasting skin      Symptoms related to bowel function may include:     - Belly pain from severe constipation    - Increased gas, bloating, or a belly that appears swollen (distended)    - Nausea and loss of appetite    - Stools that are pale or clay-colored, foul smelling, have mucus, or that float    - Weight loss      Symptoms related to the lungs and sinuses may include:     - Coughing or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs   - Fatigue   - Nasal congestion caused by nasal polyps   - Repeated episodes of pneumonia (symptoms of pneumonia in someone with cystic fibrosis include fever, increased coughing and shortness of breath, increased mucus, and loss of appetite)   - Sinus pain or pressure caused by infection or polyps     Symptoms that may be noticed later in life:     - Infertility (in men)   - Repeated inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis)   - Respiratory symptoms   - Clubbed fingers

Answer: Symptoms of cystic fibrosis in newborns may include delayed growth, failure to gain weight during childhood, salty tasting skin, and symptoms related to bowel function. These may include severe constipation and belly pain, bloating, increased gas, nausea, and pale, foul smelling stools. Symptoms related to the lungs include coughing, or increased mucus in the sinuses or lungs, related episodes of pneumonia, or shortness of breath.
Question: what are the symptoms for cystic fibrosis

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Cystic fibrosis - resources (Summary): The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis:     - Cystic Fibrosis Foundation -- www.cff.org   - March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx   - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf   - US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis

Answer: The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation,  -- www.cff.org, March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf, US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis.
Question: what are the symptoms for prostate cancer

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What are the symptoms of Prostate Cancer?: Yes. Any of the symptoms caused by prostate cancer may also be due to enlargement of the prostate, which is not cancer. If you have any of the symptoms mentioned in question #10, see your doctor or a urologist to find out if you need treatment. A urologist is a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the genitourinary system.

Answer: The symptoms caused by prostate cancer may instead be due to enlargement of the prostate, which is not cancer.