deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: Subcutaneous retrocalcaneal bursitis Haglund's deformity of the calcaneum.  I have this problem.  Can you please help to overcome this?

Reference:
Bursitis of the heel (Treatment): Your provider may recommend that you do the following:      - Avoid activities that cause pain.   - Put ice on the heel several times a day.   - Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen.   - Try using over-the-counter or custom heel wedges in your shoe to help decrease stress on the heel.   - Try ultrasound treatment during physical therapy to reduce inflammation.      Have physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength around the ankle. The focus will be on stretching your Achilles tendon. This can help the bursitis improve and prevent it from coming back.   If these treatments DO NOT work, your provider may inject a small amount of steroid medicine into the bursa. After the injection, you should avoid overstretching the tendon because it can break open (rupture).   If the condition is connected to Achilles tendinitis, you may need to wear a cast on the ankle for several weeks. Very rarely, surgery may be needed to remove the inflamed bursa.

Answer: Your provider may recommend that you avoid activities that cause pain. Put ice on the heel several times a day. Take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen. Try using over-the-counter or custom heel wedges in your shoe to help decrease stress on the heel. Try ultrasound treatment during physical therapy to reduce inflammation. Have physical therapy to improve flexibility and strength around the ankle. The focus will be on stretching your Achilles tendon. This can help the bursitis improve and prevent it from coming back. If these treatments do not work, your provider may inject steroid medicine into the bursa.  If the condition is connected to Achilles tendinitis, you may need to wear a cast on the ankle for several weeks. Very rarely, surgery may be needed to remove the inflamed bursa. This condition most often gets better in several weeks with the proper treatment. To prevent the problem, maintain proper form when exercising and  good flexibility and strength around the ankle. Wear shoes with enough arch support to decrease the amount of stress on the tendon and inflammation in the bursa.
Question: subjective vertigo Can macular degeneration in only one eye cause dizziness?

Reference:
What is Macular Degeneration?: Macular degeneration, or age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of vision loss in Americans 60 and older. It is a disease that destroys your sharp, central vision. You need central vision to see objects clearly and to do tasks such as reading and driving.     AMD affects the macula, the part of the eye that allows you to see fine detail. It does not hurt, but it causes cells in the macula to die. There are two types: wet and dry. Wet AMD happens when abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula. These new blood vessels often leak blood and fluid. Wet AMD damages the macula quickly. Blurred vision is a common early symptom. Dry AMD happens when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down. Your gradually lose your central vision. A common early symptom is that straight lines appear crooked.    Regular comprehensive eye exams can detect macular degeneration before the disease causes vision loss. Treatment can slow vision loss. It does not restore vision.    NIH: National Eye Institute

Answer: Macular degeneration is a disease that destroys sharp, central vision. Central vision allows to see objects clearly and to do tasks such as reading and driving.
Question: symptoms of dehydration When a person is very dehydrated do they sometimes get a tight pain in their chest (right below the breasts) right before they faint/pass out?

Reference:
What are the symptoms of Dehydration?: Signs of mild to moderate dehydration:   - Thirst  - Dry or sticky mouth  - Not urinating much  - Darker yellow urine  - Dry, cool skin  - Headache  - Muscle cramps    Signs of severe dehydration:  - Not urinating, or very dark yellow or amber-colored urine  - Dry, shriveled skin  - Irritability or confusion  - Dizziness or light-headedness  - Rapid heartbeat  - Rapid breathing  - Sunken eyes  - Listlessness  - Shock (not enough blood flow through the body)  - Unconsciousness or delirium

Answer: Moderate dehydration causes dry mouth, thirst, headache, muscle cramps, and reduced urination and dark urine. As dehydration becomes severe, urination might stop, you might experience irritability, confusion, dizziness, rapid heartbeat, rapid breathing, lack of energy, shock, and unconsciousness or delirium.
Question: Treatment for optic nerve atrophy.    Hello Name's case : Sex : Male  Date of Birth : 1964 Nationality : X Diagnosis :  optic nerve atrophy .  i am suffering from optic atrophy, which led to loss of vision and inability to see, I suffer from this case from 1998 saluting suffered a fall on the head, which led to began this case even lost look, and have been performed process surgery in  in 1998-1999 .  And then in 2009 cured by reactive optic nerve by Russian Professor .   i want know you hospital have treatment for optic nerve atrophy , and what this treatment  i need more information about treatment of optic nerve because now  16 years old I can not vision, and I wish  could belive hope for treatment of my case. And i want know the cost of treatment . Thank you  Regards /

Reference:
Optic nerve atrophy (Treatment): Damage from optic nerve atrophy cannot be reversed. The underlying disease must be found and treated. Otherwise, vision loss will continue.    Rarely, conditions that lead to optic atrophy may be treatable.

Answer: If the underlying disease causing the damage to the optic nerve is not diagnosed, vision loss will continue. In rare cases this is treatable.
Question: treatment options versus migraine types Migraine seems to be a spectrum of conditions rather than only one easily diagnosed affliction.  Many innovative migraine treatments are now in use, but it seems that each treatment only addresses a narrow set of conditions; for example, my daughter has tried many different treatment options (QEEG, HEG, TMS, topamax, ...) without success.  Has any research been done to characterize which treatment types are effective against which migraine types?

Reference:
Migraine (Treatment): There is no absolute cure for migraine since its pathophysiology has yet to be fully understood.  There are two ways to approach the treatment of migraine headache with drugs: prevent the attacks, or relieve the symptoms during the attacks. Prevention involves the use of medications and behavioral changes.  Drugs originally developed for epilepsy, depression, or high blood pressure to prevent future attacks have been shown to be extremely effective in treating migraine. Botulinum toxin A has been shown to be effective in prevention of chronic migraine.  Behaviorally, stress management strategies, such as exercise, relaxation techniques, biofeedback mechanisms, and other therapies designed to limit daily discomfort, may reduce the number and severity of migraine attacks.  Making a log of personal triggers of migraine can also provide useful information for trigger-avoiding lifestyle changes, including dietary considerations, eating regularly scheduled meals with adequate hydration, stopping certain medications, and establishing a consistent sleep schedule. Hormone therapy may help some women whose migraines seem to be linked to their menstrual cycle. A weight loss program is recommended for obese individuals with migraine. Relief of symptoms, or acute treatments, during attacks consists of sumatriptan, ergotamine drugs, and analgesics such as ibuprofen and aspirin.  The sooner these treatments are administered, the more effective they are.

Answer: While there is no cure to migraine, there are two approaches to prevention: prevent the attacks, or relieve the symptoms during the attacks. For prevention,   drugs, such as those used for epilepsy, have shown to be effective. Botulinum toxin A has been shown to be effective in prevention of chronic migraine. Behavioral approaches such as exercise, a consistent sleep schedule and stress management techniques may reduce the number and severity of attacks. For relief of symptoms, sumatriptan, ergotamines, and analgesics such as ibuprofen and aspirin may help, especially if administered soon after onset of the symptoms.
Question: typhoid fever Hi, My name is  from X i have suffering from typhoid please give me solution  i have one question i had got treatment from one year but i am not well now give me solution?

Reference:
What are the treatments for Typhoid fever?: Fluids and electrolytes may be given by IV (into a vein) or you may be asked to drink water with electrolyte packets.  Antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria. There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so your health care provider will check current recommendations before choosing an antibiotic.

Answer: To treat Typhoid fever, fluids and electrolytes may be given by IV, or you may be asked to drink water with electrolyte packets. Additionally, antibiotics are given to kill the bacteria.
Question: typhoid fever Hi, My name is  from X i have suffering from typhoid please give me solution  i have one question i had got treatment from one year but i am not well now give me solution?

Reference:
Typhoid fever (Prevention): A vaccine is recommended for travel outside of the US to places where there is typhoid fever. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website has information about where typhoid fever is common -- www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/typhoid_fever. Ask your provider if you should bring electrolyte packets in case you get sick.   When traveling, drink only boiled or bottled water and eat well-cooked food.    Water treatment, waste disposal, and protecting the food supply from contamination are important public health measures. Carriers of typhoid must not be allowed to work as food handlers.

Answer: To prevent Typhoid fever while traveling outside of the US, a vaccine is recommend. While traveling, drink only boiled or bottled water, and eat well-cooked food. Ask you r provider if you should bring electrolyte packets in case you get sick.
Question: varicella  shingles How can I determine whether or not I've had chicken pox.  If there is a test for it, what are the results of the tests I need to know that will tell me whether or not I have had chicken pox?  I want to know this to determine if I should have shingles vaccine  (Zostavax) Thank you.

Reference:
Chickenpox (Exams and Tests): Your health care provider can most often diagnose chickenpox by looking at the rash and asking questions about the person's medical history. Small blisters on the scalp confirm the diagnosis in most cases.   Lab tests can help confirm the diagnosis, if needed.

Answer: Your health care provider can diagnose chickenpox. Lab tests can help confirm the diagnosis.
Question: Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Would like to obtain more info on possible treatments.

Reference:
Adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Treatment): There is no cure or known treatment to stop the progression of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy. [2] Management usually includes a comprehensive eye examination once or twice a year to monitor progression of the disease and for complications such as choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ). [4]  CNV is sometimes associated with adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy because macular degeneration can damage the retinal layers. When this happens, the vascular layer of the eye between the sclera and the retina known as the choroid may produce new blood vessels (neovascularization) which grow up through the damaged layers and leak or bleed into the retina. This can cause vision loss on its own. If CNV does develop, anti-VEGF therapy such as Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab can control and even reverse the CNV. However anti-VEGF therapy does not stop or reverse the vision loss caused by adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy, only the extra vision loss that is due to also developing CNV. [2]  Although vision loss is usually slow, when vision is impaired significantly, people with adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy may be referred for low vision testing and rehabilitation. Low vision rehabilitation can help maintain and optimize reading ability and improve overall quality of life. [4] [5]

Answer: There is no known treatment to stop the progression of adult-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy. Management of the disease includes a comprehensive eye exam once or twice a year, in order to monitor the progression of the disease and check for complications.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams syndrome (Outlook (Prognosis)): About 75% of people with Williams syndrome have some intellectual disability.   Most people will not live as long as normal due to the various medical issues and other possible complications.   Most people require full-time caregivers and often live in supervised group homes.

Answer: 75% of individuals with Williams syndrome have some intellectual disability. Most people will not live as long as those without Williams syndrome, due to medical issues and other complications. Those with Williams syndrome often require full-time caregivers and may live in supervised group homes.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams syndrome (Symptoms): Symptoms of Williams syndrome are:     - Delayed speech that may later turn into strong speaking ability and strong learning by hearing   - Developmental delay   - Easily distracted, attention deficit disorder (ADD)   - Feeding problems including colic, reflux, and vomiting   - Inward bend of the small finger   - Learning disorders   - Mild to moderate intellectual disability   - Personality traits including being very friendly, trusting strangers, fearing loud sounds or physical contact, and being interested in music   - Short, compared to the rest of the person's family   - Sunken chest     The face and mouth of someone with Williams syndrome may show:     - A flattened nasal bridge with small upturned nose   - Long ridges in the skin that run from the nose to the upper lip   - Prominent lips with an open mouth   - Skin that covers the inner corner of the eye   - Partially missing teeth, defective tooth enamel, or small, widely spaced teeth

Answer: There are many symptoms of Williams syndrome. These include delayed speech, attention deficit disorder, feeding issues including coli, reflux, and vomiting, learning disorders, shortness relative to one's family, sunken chest, flattened nasal bridge, and partially missing teeth.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
What are the complications of Williams syndrome?: - Calcium deposits in the kidney and other kidney problems  - Death (in rare cases from anesthesia)  - Heart failure due to narrowed blood vessels  - Pain in the abdomen

Answer: The complications of Williams syndrome are calcium deposits in the kidney, other kidney problems, death in rare cases from anesthesia, heart failure, or pain in the abdomen.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams syndrome (Prevention): There is no known way to prevent the genetic problem that causes Williams syndrome. Prenatal testing is available for couples with a family history of Williams syndrome who wish to conceive.

Answer: There is no known way to prevent the genetic problem responsible for Williams syndrome. However, prenatal testing is available for couples with a family history of Williams syndrome.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams syndrome (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Many of the symptoms and signs of Williams syndrome may not be obvious at birth. Call your health care provider if your child has features similar to those of Williams syndrome. Seek genetic counseling if you have a family history of Williams syndrome.

Answer: Contact your health provider if your child may have features similar to those of Williams syndrome. Seek genetic counseling if your family has a history of Williams Syndrome.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams Syndrome (Treatment): There is no cure for Williams syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. Because WS is an uncommon and complex disorder, multidisciplinary clinics have been established at several centers in the United States. Treatments are based on an individual’s particular symptoms. People with WS require regular cardiovascular monitoring for potential medical problems, such as symptomatic narrowing of the blood vessels, high blood pressure, and heart failure.

Answer: There is currently no cure or standard course of treatment for Williams syndrome. Because it is an uncommon and complex disorder, several multidisciplinary clinics have been established around the United States. Treatments are based on an individuals symptoms. People with Wiliams syndrome require regular cardiovascular monitoring for potential medical problems, such as symptomatic narrowing of the blood vessels, high blood pressure, and heart failure.
Question: williams sydrome conditon.    i need to send me more information about Williams Syndrome and some tips how to educate people with this disorder.I hope having news from you soon!!thank you

Reference:
Williams syndrome (Treatment): There is no cure for Williams syndrome. Avoid taking extra calcium and vitamin D. Treat high blood calcium, if it occurs. Blood vessel narrowing can be a major health problem. It is treated based on how severe it is.   Physical therapy is helpful to people with joint stiffness. Developmental and speech therapy can also help. For example, having strong verbal skills can help make up for other weaknesses. Other treatments are based on the person's symptoms.   It can help to have treatment coordinated by a geneticist who is experienced with Williams syndrome.

Answer: There is currently no available cure for Williams Syndrome. Treatment is based on the severity of symptoms. This may involve treating high blood calcium if it occurs. Physical can be beneficial for those with joint stiffness. Developmental and speech therapy may also be helpful. It may help to talk to a geneticist experienced with Williams syndrome when coordinating treatment.
Question: what is copd

Reference:
What is COPD?: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a progressive lung disease in which the airways of the lungs become damaged, making it harder to breathe. With COPD, airways become blocked, making it harder to get air in and out.

Answer: COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive lung disease in which the airways of the lungs become damaged and blocked, making it harder to breathe.
Question: what is copd

Reference:
What is COPD?: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a progressive lung disease in which the airways of the lungs become damaged, making it hard to breathe. You may also have heard COPD called other names, like emphysema or chronic bronchitis. In people who have COPD, the airways that carry air in and out of the lungs are partially blocked, making it difficult to get air in and out. COPD is a major cause of death and illness throughout the world. It kills more than 120,000 Americans each year. That's one death every 4 minutes. How COPD Affects Airways The "airways" are the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs through the nose and mouth. The airways of the lungs branch out like an upside-down tree. At the end of each branch are many small, balloon-like air sacs. In healthy people, the airways and air sacs are elastic (stretchy). When you breathe in, each air sac fills up with air, like a small balloon, and when you breathe out, the balloon deflates and the air goes out. In people with COPD, the airways and air sacs lose their shape and become floppy. Less air gets in and less air goes out of the airways because - The airways and air sacs lose their elasticity like an old rubber band.  - The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed.  - The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed or swollen.  - Cells in the airways make more mucus or sputum than usual, which tends to clog the airways. The airways and air sacs lose their elasticity like an old rubber band. The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed. The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed or swollen. Cells in the airways make more mucus or sputum than usual, which tends to clog the airways. COPD Develops Slowly, Has No Cure When COPD is severe, shortness of breath and other symptoms of COPD can get in the way of even the most basic tasks, such as doing light housework, taking a walk, even washing and dressing. COPD develops slowly, and it may be many years before you notice symptoms like feeling short of breath. Most of the time, COPD is diagnosed in middle-aged or older people. There is no cure for COPD. The damage to your airways and lungs cannot be reversed, but there are things you can do to control the disabling effects of the disease. COPD is not contagious. You cannot catch it from someone else.

Answer: COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a progressive lung disease in which the airways of the lungs become damaged and blocked, making it harder to breathe.  The damage to the airways and lungs is not reversible, but the effects of the disease can be controlled. COPD is not contagious.  COPD develops slowly, and people are usually  middle-aged or older  when they notice symptoms, such as feeling short of breath.
Question: what is copd

Reference:
What is COPD?: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) makes it hard for you to breathe. The two main types are chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The main cause of COPD is long-term exposure to substances that irritate and damage the lungs. This is usually cigarette smoke. Air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust can also cause it.    At first, COPD may cause no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, symptoms usually become more severe. They include       - A cough that produces a lot of mucus    - Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity    - Wheezing    - Chest tightness       Doctors use lung function tests, imaging tests, and blood tests to diagnose COPD. There is no cure. Treatments may relieve symptoms. They include medicines, oxygen therapy, surgery, or a lung transplant. Quitting smoking is the most important step you can take to treat COPD.     NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Answer: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) makes it hard for you to breathe.  COPD is diagnosed using lung function tests, imaging tests, and blood tests. Your doctor may prescribe medicines, oxygen therapy, surgery, or a lung transplant to relieve symptoms of COPD.