deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: how to prevent schizophrenia

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Childhood schizophrenia (Lifestyle and home remedies): Although childhood schizophrenia requires professional treatment, it's critical to be an active participant in your child's care. Here are ways to get the most out of the treatment plan. - Follow directions for medications. Try to make sure that your child takes medications as prescribed, even if he or she is feeling well and has no current symptoms. If medications are stopped or taken infrequently, the symptoms are likely to come back and your doctor will have a hard time knowing what the best and safest dose is. - Check first before taking other medications. Contact the doctor who's treating your child for schizophrenia before your child takes medications prescribed by another doctor or before taking any over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbs or other supplements. These can interact with schizophrenia medications. - Pay attention to warning signs. You and your child may have identified things that may trigger symptoms, cause a relapse or prevent your child from carrying out daily activities. Make a plan so that you know what to do if symptoms return. Contact your child's doctor or therapist if you notice any changes in symptoms, to prevent the situation from worsening. - Make physical activity and healthy eating a priority. Some medications for schizophrenia are associated with an increased risk of weight gain and high cholesterol in children. Work with your child's doctor to make a nutrition and physical activity plan for your child that will help manage weight and benefit heart health. - Avoid alcohol, street drugs and tobacco. Alcohol, street drugs and tobacco can worsen schizophrenia symptoms or interfere with antipsychotic medications. Talk to your child about avoiding drugs and alcohol and not smoking. If necessary, get appropriate treatment for a substance use problem.

Answer: Childhood schizophrenia requires professional treatment. It is also critical to be an active participant in your child's care. Contact the doctor who's treating your child for schizophrenia before your child takes medications prescribed by another doctor or before taking any over-the-counter medications, vitamins, minerals, herbs or other supplements.
Question: how to prevent schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia (Prevention): Schizophrenia cannot be prevented.   Symptoms may be prevented by taking medicine exactly as the doctor instructed. Symptoms are likely to return if medicine is stopped.   Changing or stopping medicines should only be done by the doctor who prescribed them.

Answer: Schizophrenia cannot be prevented. Symptoms may be prevented by taking medicine exactly as the doctor instructed. Symptoms are likely to return if medicine is stopped. Changing or stopping medicines should only be done by the doctor who prescribed them.
Question: how to treat a heart attack

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Heart attack (Lifestyle and home remedies): Your lifestyle affects your heart health. The following steps can help you not only prevent but also recover from a heart attack: - Avoid smoke. The most important thing you can do to improve your heart's health is to not smoke. Also, avoid being around secondhand smoke. If you need to quit, ask your doctor for help. - Control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. If one or both of these is high, your doctor can prescribe changes to your diet and medications. Ask your doctor how often you need to have your blood pressure and cholesterol levels monitored. - Get regular medical checkups. Some of the major risk factors for heart attack - high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes - cause no symptoms early on. Your doctor can perform tests to check for these conditions and help you manage them, if necessary. - Exercise regularly. Regular exercise helps improve heart muscle function after a heart attack and helps prevent a heart attack by helping you to control your weight, diabetes, cholesterol and blood pressure. Exercise needn't be vigorous. Walking 30 minutes a day, five days a week can improve your health. - Maintain a healthy weight. Excess weight strains your heart and can contribute to high cholesterol, high blood pressure and diabetes. - Eat a heart-healthy diet. Saturated fat, trans fats and cholesterol in your diet can narrow arteries to your heart, and too much salt can raise blood pressure. Eat a heart-healthy diet that includes lean proteins, such as fish and beans, plenty of fruits and vegetables and whole grains. - Manage diabetes. High blood sugar is damaging to your heart. Regular exercise, eating well and losing weight all help to keep blood sugar levels at more-desirable levels. Many people also need medication to manage their diabetes. - Control stress. Reduce stress in your day-to-day activities. Rethink workaholic habits and find healthy ways to minimize or deal with stressful events in your life. - If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. For healthy adults, that means up to one drink a day for women and men older than age 65, and up to two drinks a day for men age 65 and younger.

Answer: Heart health can be improved by your lifestyle choices. The following are a few ways that you can lower the risk of heart attack and potentially help you recover from one: Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke. Control your blood pressure and cholesterol levels.  Get regular medical checkups. Eat a heart-healthy diet. Control stress.
Question: how to treat a heart attack

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Heart attack (Treatment): IMMEDIATE TREATMENT      - You will be hooked up to a heart monitor, so the health care team can see how regularly your heart is beating.   - You will receive oxygen so that your heart doesn't have to work as hard.   - An intravenous line (IV) will be placed into one of your veins. Medicines and fluids pass through this IV.   - You may get nitroglycerin and morphine to help reduce chest pain.   - You may receive aspirin, unless it would not be safe for you. In that case, you will be given another medicine that prevents blood clots.   - Dangerous abnormal heartbeats (arrhythmias) may be treated with medicine or electric shocks.       EMERGENCY PROCEDURES    Angioplasty is a procedure to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart.      - Angioplasty is often the first choice of treatment. It should be done within 90 minutes after you get to the hospital, and usually no later than 12 hours after a heart attack.   - A stent is a small, metal mesh tube that opens up (expands) inside a coronary artery. A stent is usually placed after or during angioplasty. It helps prevent the artery from closing up again.      You may be given drugs to break up the clot. This is called thrombolytic therapy. It is best if these drugs are given soon after the onset of symptoms, usually no later than 12 hours after it and ideally within 30 minutes of arriving to the hospital.   Some people may also have heart bypass surgery to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels that supply blood to the heart. This procedure is also called coronary artery bypass grafting and/or open heart surgery.    TREATMENT AFTER A HEART ATTACK    After several days, you will be discharged from the hospital.   You will likely need to take medicines, some for the rest of your life. Always talk to your provider before stopping or changing how you take any medicines. Stopping certain medicines can be deadly.    While under the care of your health care team, you will learn:     - How to take medicines to treat your heart problem and prevent more heart attacks   - How to eat a heart-healthy diet   - How to be active and exercise safely   - What to do when you have chest pain   - How to stop smoking      Strong emotions are common after a heart attack.     - You may feel sad   - You may feel anxious and worry about being careful about everything you do      All of these feelings are normal. They go away for most people after 2 or 3 weeks.   You may also feel tired when you leave the hospital to go home.   Most people who have had a heart attack take part in a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Answer: For immediate treatment for a heart attack, you will be hooked up to a heart monitor, so the health care team can can monitor your heartbeat. You will receive oxygen so that your heart doesn't have to work as hard. An intravenous line (IV) will be placed into one of your veins so you can receive pain relievers and medicine to reduce the risk of blood clots. If necessary, angioplasty will be performed and a stent may be placed inside a coronary artery.
Question: how to treat a heart attack

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What is Heart Attack?: Having a heart attack increases your chances of having another one. Therefore, it is very important that you and your family know how and when to seek medical attention. Talk to your doctor about making an emergency action plan, and discuss it with your family. The emergency action plan should include - warning signs or symptoms of a heart attack  - instructions for accessing emergency medical services in your community, including calling 9-1-1  - steps you can take while waiting for medical help to arrive, such as taking aspirin and nitroglycerin  - important information to take along with you to the hospital, such as a list of medications that you take or that you are allergic to, and name and number of whom you should contact if you go to the hospital. warning signs or symptoms of a heart attack instructions for accessing emergency medical services in your community, including calling 9-1-1 steps you can take while waiting for medical help to arrive, such as taking aspirin and nitroglycerin important information to take along with you to the hospital, such as a list of medications that you take or that you are allergic to, and name and number of whom you should contact if you go to the hospital.

Answer: Having a heart attack increases your chances of having another one. Therefore, it is very important that you and your family know how and when to seek medical attention. Talk to your doctor about making an emergency action plan, and discuss it with your family.
Question: what are known causes of bipolar disorder

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Bipolar disorder (Risk factors): Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include: - Having a first-degree relative, such as a parent or sibling, with bipolar disorder   - Periods of high stress, such as the death of a loved one or other traumatic event   - Drug or alcohol abuse

Answer: Factors that may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder or act as a trigger for the first episode include having a first-degree relative, periods of high stress, or drug or alcohol abuse.
Question: what are known causes of bipolar disorder

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Bipolar disorder (Causes): The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as: - Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but may eventually help pinpoint causes.   - Genetics. Bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a sibling or parent, with the condition. Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in causing bipolar disorder.

Answer: The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved. These include biological differences, such as physical changes in the brain, and genetics, where bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first degree relative with the condition. Researchers are currently studying genes that may be involved in causing bipolar disorder.
Question: what are pancreatic enzymes?

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Pancreatic Islet Transplantation (What are pancreatic islets?): Pancreatic islets, also called islets of Langerhans, are tiny clusters of cells scattered throughout the pancreas. The pancreas is an organ about the size of a hand located behind the lower part of the stomach.Pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin. The pancreas also makes enzymes that help the body digest and use food.Pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin.Pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin.Pancreatic islets contain several types of cells, including beta cells, that produce the hormone insulin.When the level of blood glucose, also called blood sugar, rises after a meal, the pancreas responds by releasing insulin into the bloodstream. Insulin helps cells throughout the body absorb glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy.Diabetes develops when the pancreas does not make enough insulin, the body's cells do not use insulin effectively, or both. As a result, glucose builds up in the blood instead of being absorbed by cells in the body.In type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas no longer make insulin because the body's immune system has attacked and destroyed them. The immune system protects people from infection by identifying and destroying bacteria, viruses, and other potentially harmful foreign substances. A person who has type 1 diabetes must take insulin daily to live. Type 2 diabetes usually begins with a condition called insulin resistance, in which the body has trouble using insulin effectively. Over time, insulin production declines as well, so many people with type 2 diabetes eventually need to take insulin.

Answer: The pancreas also makes enzymes that help the body digest and use food.
Question: what are some common symptoms of bulimia

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Bulimia nervosa (Symptoms): Bulimia signs and symptoms may include: - Being preoccupied with your body shape and weight    - Living in fear of gaining weight   - Feeling that you can't control your eating behavior   - Eating until the point of discomfort or pain   - Eating much more food in a binge episode than in a normal meal or snack   - Forcing yourself to vomit or exercise too much to keep from gaining weight after bingeing   - Misusing laxatives, diuretics or enemas after eating   - Restricting calories or avoiding certain foods between binges   - Using dietary supplements or herbal products excessively for weight loss If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help as soon as possible. If left untreated, bulimia can severely impact your health. Talk to your primary care provider or a mental health provider about your bulimia symptoms and feelings. If you're reluctant to seek treatment, confide in someone about what you're going through, whether it's a friend or loved one, a teacher, a faith leader, or someone else you trust. He or she can help you take the first steps to get successful bulimia treatment. If you think a loved one may have symptoms of bulimia, have an open and honest discussion about your concerns. You can't force someone to seek professional care, but you can offer encouragement and support. You can also help find a qualified doctor or mental health provider, make an appointment, and even offer to go along. Because most people with bulimia are normal weight or slightly overweight, it may not be apparent to others that something is wrong. Red flags that family and friends may notice include: - Constantly worrying or complaining about being fat   - Having a distorted, excessively negative body image   - Repeatedly eating unusually large quantities of food in one sitting, especially foods the person would normally avoid   - Not wanting to eat in public or in front of others   - Going to the bathroom right after eating or during meals   - Exercising too much   - Having sores, scars or calluses on the knuckles or hands   - Having damaged teeth and gums

Answer: Bulimia signs and symptoms may include being preoccupied with your body shape and weight, living in fear of gaining weight, feeling that you can't control your eating behavior, or eating until the point of discomfort or pain. People with bulimia may eat much more in a binge episode than in a normal meal or snack, and may force themselves to vomit or exercise to keep from gaining weight after bingeing. They may also misuse laxatives, diuretics or enemas after eating, or restrict calories or avoid certain foods between binges. If you have any bulimia symptoms, seek medical help as soon as possible. If left untreated, bulimia can severely impact your health. Talk to your primary care provider or a mental health provider about your bulimia symptoms and feelings.  If you're reluctant to seek treatment, confide in someone about what you're going through, whether it's a friend or loved one, a teacher, a faith leader, or someone else you trust.
Question: what are some common symptoms of bulimia

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Bulimia nervosa (What are the symptoms of bulimia?): Someone with bulimia may be thin, overweight, or have a normal weight. It can be difficult to tell based on a person's weight whether someone has bulimia. This is because binging and purging is most often done in private. However, family or friends may see empty food wrappers in unexpected places or vomit in the home.  Over time, some symptoms of bulimia may include:5  Girls or women with bulimia may also have behavior changes such as:  People with bulimia often have other mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.6

Answer: Someone with bulimia may be thin, overweight, or have a normal weight. It can be difficult to tell based on a person's weight whether someone has bulimia. This is because bingeing and purging is most often done in private. However, family or friends may see empty food wrappers in unexpected places or vomit in the home. People with bulimia often have other mental health problems, including depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.
Question: what are some common symptoms of bulimia

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What are the symptoms of Bulimia?: With bulimia, eating binges may occur as often as several times a day for many months. The person often eats large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret. During these episodes, the person feels a lack of control over the eating.  Binges lead to self-disgust, which causes purging to prevent weight gain. Purging may include:  - Forcing oneself to vomit  - Excessive exercise  - Using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics (water pills)    Purging often brings a sense of relief.  People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but they may see themselves as being overweight. Because the person's weight is often normal, other people may not notice this eating disorder.  Symptoms that other people can see include:  - Spending a lot of time exercising  - Suddenly eating large amounts of food or buying large amounts of food that disappear right away  - Regularly going to the bathroom right after meals  - Throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics (drugs that cause vomiting), or diuretics

Answer: For people with bulimia, eating binges may occur as often as several times a day for many months. he person often eats large amounts of high-calorie foods, usually in secret. During these episodes, the person feels a lack of control over the eating. Binges lead to self-disgust, which causes purging to prevent weight gain. Purging may include using laxatives, enemas, or diuretics. People with bulimia are often at a normal weight, but they may see themselves as being overweight. Because the person's weight is often normal, other people may not notice this eating disorder. Symptoms that other people can see include spending a large amount of time exercising, suddenly eating large amounts of food, regularly going to the bathroom after meals, or throwing away packages of laxatives, diet pills, emetics (drugs that cause vomiting), or diuretics.
Question: what are some of the treatments available to males with klinefelter's

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Klinefelter syndrome (Treatment): If you or your son is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome, your health care team may include a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders involving the body's glands and hormones (endocrinologist), a speech therapist, a pediatrician, a physical therapist, a genetic counselor, a reproductive medicine or infertility specialist, and a counselor or psychologist. Although there's no way to repair the sex chromosome changes due to Klinefelter syndrome, treatments can help minimize its effects. The earlier a diagnosis is made and treatment is started, the greater the benefits. But it's never too late to get help. Treatment for Klinefelter syndrome may include: - Testosterone replacement therapy. Starting at the time of the usual onset of puberty, testosterone replacement can be given to help stimulate changes that normally occur at puberty, such as developing a deeper voice, growing facial and body hair, and increasing muscle mass and penis size. Testosterone therapy can also improve bone density and reduce the risk of fractures. It will not result in testicle enlargement or improve infertility. - Breast tissue removal. In males who develop enlarged breasts, excess breast tissue can be removed by a plastic surgeon, leaving a more normal-looking chest. - Speech and physical therapy. These treatments can help boys with Klinefelter syndrome overcome problems with speech, language and muscle weakness. - Educational evaluation and support. Some boys with Klinefelter syndrome have trouble learning and socializing and can benefit from extra assistance. Talk to your child's teacher, school counselor or school nurse about what kind of support might help. - Fertility treatment. Most men with Klinefelter syndrome are unable to father children because few or no sperm are produced in the testicles. For some men with minimal sperm production, a procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) may help. During ICSI, sperm is removed from the testicle with a biopsy needle and injected directly into the egg. - Psychological counseling. Having Klinefelter syndrome can be a challenge, especially during puberty and young adulthood. For men with the condition, coping with infertility can be difficult. A family therapist, counselor or psychologist can help work through the emotional issues.

Answer: If you or your son is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome, your health care team may include a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders involving the body's glands and hormones (endocrinologist), a speech therapist, a pediatrician, a physical therapist, a genetic counselor, a reproductive medicine or infertility specialist, and a counselor or psychologist. Although there's no way to repair the sex chromosome changes due to Klinefelter syndrome, treatments can help minimize its effects. Treatment may include testosterone replacement therapy, breast tissue removal, speech and physical therapy, educational evaluation and support, fertility treatment, and psychological counseling.
Question: what are some of the treatments available to males with klinefelter's

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What are the treatments for Klinefelter syndrome?: Testosterone therapy may be prescribed. This can help:  - Grow body hair  - Improve appearance of muscles  - Improve concentration  - Improve mood and self esteem  - Increase energy and sex drive  - Increase strength    Most men with this syndrome are not able to get a woman pregnant. But, an infertility specialist may be able to help. Seeing a doctor called an endocrinologist may also be helpful.

Answer: Testosterone therapy may be prescribed for individuals with Klinefelter syndrome. This can help increase body hair, sex drive, concentration, mood and self-esteem, and strength. Men with this syndrome may be infertile, but should talk to an infertility specialist.