deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: I have been battling Anal fissure for close to two years now and it has refused to heal all these while. Please what do you suggest i do?  Thanks

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Anal fissure (Treatment): Most fissures heal on their own and do not need treatment.   To prevent or treat anal fissures in infants, be sure to change diapers often and clean the area gently.   CHILDREN AND ADULTS   Worrying about pain during a bowel movement may cause a person to avoid them. But not having bowel movements will only cause the stools to become even harder, which can make anal fissure worse.   Prevent hard stools and constipation by:     - Making dietary changes -- eating more fiber or bulk, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains   - Drinking more fluids   - Using stool softeners      Ask your provider about the following ointments or creams to help soothe the affected skin:     - Numbing cream, if pain interferes with normal bowel movements   - Petroleum jelly   - Zinc oxide, 1% hydrocortisone cream, Preparation H, and other products      A sitz bath is a warm water bath used for healing or cleansing. Sit in the bath 2 to 3 times a day. The water should cover only the hips and buttocks.   If the anal fissures do not go away with home care methods, treatment may involve:     - Botox injections into the muscle in the anus (anal sphincter)   - Minor surgery to relax the anal muscle   - Prescription creams such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers, applied over the fissure to help relax the muscles

Answer: Home remedies for anal fissures include preventing hard stools and constipation by eating more fiber, such as fruits, vegetables, and grains, drinking more fluids, and using stool softeners. Your doctor may recommend ointments or creams to help soothe the affected skin, such as numbing cream, petroleum jelly, zinc oxide, 1% hydrocortisone cream, and Preparation H. A warm water bath  2 to 3 times a day may help healing  and cleansing. The water should cover only the hips and buttocks. If the anal fissures do not go away with home care methods, your doctor may recommend botox injections into the muscle in the anus (anal sphincter), minor surgery to relax the anal muscle, prescription creams such as nitrates or calcium channel blockers, applied over the fissure to help relax the muscles.
Question: I have been suffering from lichen planus since last four years. Some time it reduces the red sign and sometime it increases  and I cannot take spicy food or hot food.   Could you please suggest the remedies. I had consulted the dermatologist also .He gave me some ointment named as clone taxol for applying towards the read area.   Awaiting your valuable advise I this behalf.   With kind regards.   Sent from my iPad

Reference:
What are the treatments for Lichen planus?: The goal of treatment is to reduce symptoms and speed healing. If your symptoms are mild, you may not need treatment.  Treatments may include:  - Antihistamines  - Medicines that calm down the immune system (in severe cases)  - Lidocaine mouthwashes to numb the area and make eating more comfortable (for mouth sores)  - Topical corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids to reduce swelling and lower immune responses  - Corticosteroid shots into a sore  - Vitamin A as a cream or taken by mouth  - Other medicines that are applied to the skin  - Dressings placed over your skin with medicines to keep you from scratching  - Ultraviolet light therapy

Answer: Treatments for Lichen planus may include: antihistamines (in severe cases) that calm down the immune system; lidocaine mouthwashes for mouth sores, to numb the area and make eating more comfortable; topical corticosteroids or oral corticosteroids to reduce swelling and lower immune responses; corticosteroid shots into a sore, vitamin A as a cream or taken by mouth; dressings placed over your skin with medicines to keep you from scratching, and ultraviolet light therapy.
Question: I have no help its about 4 years now I have ingrown toenail i have a problem of ingrown toenail its about 4 years now I have this problem i need help

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Ingrown toenail removal – discharge (When to Call the Doctor): Call your provider if you notice:     - Your toenail is not healing   - Fever   - Pain, even after taking pain-relief medicine   - Bleeding from the toenail   - Pus from the toenail   - Swelling or redness of the toe or foot   - Regrowth of the nail into the skin of the toe

Answer: If your ingrown toenail is not healing, call your doctor
Question: I have no help its about 4 years now I have ingrown toenail i have a problem of ingrown toenail its about 4 years now I have this problem i need help

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Ingrown toenail removal – discharge (Summary): You had surgery to remove part or all of your toenail. This was done to relieve pain and discomfort due to an ingrown toenail. Ingrown toenails can occurs when the edge of your toenail grows into the skin of the toe.

Answer: You might have surgery that removes part or all of your toenail to relieve pain and discomfort due to an ingrown toenail.
Question: I have no help its about 4 years now I have ingrown toenail i have a problem of ingrown toenail its about 4 years now I have this problem i need help

Reference:
Ingrown toenail removal – discharge (Prevention): The toenail may grow inward again. To prevent this, follow these tips:     - Don't wear tight-fitting shoes or high heels   - Don't trim your nails too short or round the corners   - Don't pick or tear at the corners of the nails

Answer: To prevent the toenail grow inward again, after surgery, don't wear tight-fitting shoes or high heels, don't trim your nails too short or round the corners , don't pick or tear at the corners of the nails.
Question: Iron Overdose Um...i took 25 iron pills...what do i do...this was last night

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What is Iron overdose?: Iron is a mineral found in many over-the-counter supplements. Iron overdose occurs when someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of this mineral. This can be by accident or on purpose.  Iron overdose is especially dangerous for children. A severe overdose can happen if a child eats adult multivitamins, such as prenatal vitamins. If the child eats too many pediatric multivitamins, the effect is usually minor.  This is for information only and not for use in the treatment or management of an actual overdose. DO NOT use it to treat or manage an actual overdose. If you or someone you are with overdoses, call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.

Answer: For overdoses,  call your local emergency number (such as 911), or your local poison center can be reached directly by calling the national toll-free Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) from anywhere in the United States.
Question: I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. . for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.

Reference:
Kartagener syndrome (Treatment): There is currently no cure for Kartagener syndrome . Treatment varies based on the signs and symptoms present in each person. Airway clearance therapy, similar to that used in cystic fibrosis, can loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared away. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat respiratory, sinus, and middle ear infections and may be given on a long-term basis in people with chronic or frequent infections. Surgery to insert ear tubes may be recommended in children with chronic ear infections that are resistant to antibiotics. In people with severe lung disease, lung transplantation may be an option. [1] [2] [3] For more information on the treatment and management of Kartagener syndrome, please click here. Management Guidelines GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.

Answer: There is currently no cure for Kartagener syndrome. Antibiotics may be prescribed to treat respiratory, sinus, and middle ear infections and may be given on a long-term basis in people with chronic or frequent infections.  For lung disease, airway clearance therapy, similar to that used in cystic fibrosis, can loosen thick, sticky mucus so it can be cleared away. In people with severe lung disease, lung transplantation may be an option.
Question: I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. . for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.

Reference:
Kartagener syndrome (Prognosis): The long-term outlook for people with Kartagener syndrome varies widely and largely depends on timely diagnosis and treatment. Chronic childhood infections can be very debilitating. However, with appropriate treatment, the progression of lung disease can be slowed and other complications such as hearing loss can be avoided. [3] [2] [5]

Answer: The long-term outlook for people with Kartagener syndrome varies widely and largely depends on timely diagnosis and treatment. With appropriate treatment, the progression of lung disease can be slowed and other complications such as hearing loss can be avoided.
Question: I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. . for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.

Reference:
Kartagener syndrome (Cause): Kartagener syndrome can be caused by changes ( mutations ) in many different genes . These genes encode proteins that are important to the structure and function of cilia. Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that are found on the surface of cells in various parts of the body such as the lining of the airway, the reproductive system, and other organs . The coordinated movement of cilia in wave-like motions is important to the normal functioning of certain organs and tissues throughout the body and ensures the proper placement of organs in the developing embryo. Mutations in these genes cause the cilia to be either immotile (unable to move) or dysmotile (they move incorrectly), which leads to the many signs and symptoms of Kartagener syndrome. [1] [4] [3] Scientists have identified several different genes that are associated with Kartagener syndrome; however, the genetic cause is unknown in some cases. [1] [4] [3]

Answer: Kartagener syndrome can be caused by changes (mutations) in many different genes . These genes encode proteins that are important to the structure and function of cilia. Cilia are tiny, hair-like structures that are found on the surface of cells in various parts of the body such as the lining of the airway, the reproductive system, and other organs . Mutations in these genes cause the cilia to be either immotile (unable to move) or dysmotile (they move incorrectly), which leads to the many signs and symptoms of Kartagener syndrome.
Question: I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. . for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.

Reference:
Kartagener syndrome (Inheritance): Kartagener syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [4] This means that to be affected, a person must have a mutation in both copies of the responsible gene in each cell . The parents of an affected person usually each carry one mutated copy of the gene and are referred to as carriers . Carriers typically do not show signs or symptoms of the condition. When two carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a 25% (1 in 4) risk to have the condition, a 50% (1 in 2) risk to be a carrier like each of the parents, and a 25% chance to not have the condition and not be a carrier.

Answer: Kartagener syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. [4] This means that to be affected, a person must have a mutation in both copies of the responsible gene in each cell . The parents of an affected person usually each carry one mutated copy of the gene and are referred to as carriers . Carriers typically do not show signs or symptoms of the condition. When two carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a 25% (1 in 4) risk to have the condition, a 50% (1 in 2) risk to be a carrier like each of the parents, and a 25% chance to not have the condition and not be a carrier.
Question: I am suffering from Kartagener's syndrome and wanted information from you or from Dr. . for this syndrome. (About fertility) and if possible other symptoms. Thank you.

Reference:
Kartagener syndrome (Symptoms): Kartagener syndrome is characterized by p and situs inversus totalis. In people affected by situs inversus totalis, the internal organs including the heart, liver, spleen and intestine are on the opposite side of the body. Although the internal organs are abnormally placed, this condition typically does not cause any health problems. [1] [2] The signs and symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia vary, but may include: [1] [2] [3] Neonatal respiratory distress Frequent respiratory infections that can lead to severe lung damage Chronic nasal congestion Frequent sinus infections Recurrent middle ear infections, particularly in early childhood Hearing loss Hydrocephalus Infertility

Answer: Kartagener syndrome is characterized by primary ciliary dyskinesia and situs inversus totalis.  In people affected by situs inversus totalis, the internal organs including the heart, liver, spleen and intestine are on the opposite side of the body. This condition typically does not cause any health problems.  The signs and symptoms of primary ciliary dyskinesia  may include frequent respiratory infections that can lead to severe lung damage, chronic nasal congestion, frequent sinus infections, recurrent middle ear infections, particularly in early childhood, hearing loss, hydrocephalus, and Infertility.
Question: know more about My Daughter have Distal renal tubular acidosis. we are from Mexico, and we ae woundering if can send to us more infomation. maybe you can reccommend to us a association???? i don?t know

Reference:
SLC4A1-associated distal renal tubular acidosis (Inheritance Pattern): SLC4A1-associated distal renal tubular acidosis can have different patterns of inheritance. It is usually inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means one copy of the altered SLC4A1 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from one affected parent. Other cases result from new mutations in the gene and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.   Less commonly, SLC4A1-associated distal renal tubular acidosis has an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance, which means a mutation must occur in both copies of the SLC4A1 gene for the condition to develop. This pattern occurs with certain types of SLC4A1 gene mutations. The parents of an individual with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated gene, but they typically do not show signs and symptoms of the condition.

Answer: SLC4A1-associated distal renal tubular acidosis can have different patterns of inheritance. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from one affected parent. Other cases result from new mutations in the gene and occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family.
Question: I have been researching Lewy Body Disease and have a few questions.1) Is this disease hereditary2) Does alcoholism play a role in the beginning process of this disease3) What are the initial symptoms of the diseaseAny information you could forward would be greatly appreciated.

Reference:
Lewy body dementia (Inheritance): Most cases of Lewy body dementia are not thought to be inherited . The condition generally occurs sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. [4] Rarely, the condition can affect more than one family member. Some of these cases appear to be due to single gene changes ( mutations ) that follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Other familial cases do not follow a specific pattern of inheritance and likely have a multifactorial cause (associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors ). [6] [5]

Answer: Most cases of Lewy body dementia are not thought to be inherited . The condition generally occurs sporadically in people with no family history of the condition. Rarely, the condition can affect more than one family member. Some of these cases appear to be due to single gene mutations that follow an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Other familial cases do not follow a specific pattern of inheritance and likely are associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyle and environmental factors.
Question: I have been researching Lewy Body Disease and have a few questions.1) Is this disease hereditary2) Does alcoholism play a role in the beginning process of this disease3) What are the initial symptoms of the diseaseAny information you could forward would be greatly appreciated.

Reference:
Lewy body dementia (Symptoms): Lewy body dementia signs and symptoms may include: - Visual hallucinations. Hallucinations may be one of the first symptoms, and they often recur. They may include seeing shapes, animals or people that aren't there. Sound (auditory), smell (olfactory) or touch (tactile) hallucinations are possible.   - Movement disorders. Signs of Parkinson's disease (parkinsonian symptoms), such as slowed movement, rigid muscles, tremor or a shuffling walk may occur.   - Poor regulation of body functions (autonomic nervous system). Blood pressure, pulse, sweating and the digestive process are regulated by a part of the nervous system that is often affected by Lewy body dementia. This can result in dizziness, falls and bowel issues such as constipation.   - Cognitive problems. You may experience thinking (cognitive) problems similar to those of Alzheimer's disease, such as confusion, poor attention, visual-spatial problems and memory loss.   - Sleep difficulties. You may have rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, which can cause you to physically act out your dreams while you're asleep.   - Fluctuating attention. Episodes of drowsiness, long periods of staring into space, long naps during the day or disorganized speech are possible.   - Depression. You may experience depression sometime during the course of your illness.   - Apathy. You may have loss of motivation.

Answer: Lewy body dementia signs and symptoms may include visual, sound (auditory), smell (olfactory) or touch (tactile) hallucinations hallucinations. Parkinsonian symptoms, such as slowed movement, rigid muscles, tremor or a shuffling walk may occur. Blood pressure, pulse, sweating and the digestive process are regulated by a part of the nervous system that is often affected by Lewy body dementia. This can result in dizziness, falls and bowel issues such as constipation. You may experience cognitive problems similar to those of Alzheimer's disease, such as confusion, poor attention, visual-spatial problems and memory loss. You may have rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder, which can cause you to physically act out your dreams while you're asleep.  Episodes of drowsiness, long periods of staring into space, long naps during the day or disorganized speech are possible. You may experience depression and loss of motivation.
Question: I have a list of questions about Tay sachs disease and clubfoot   1. what is TSD/Clubfoot, and how does it effect a baby  2. what causes both? can it be prevented, treated, or cured  3. How common is TSD? how common is Clubfoot  4. How can your &quot;agency&quot; help a women/couple who are concerned about this congenital condition, and is there a cost?  If you can answer these few questions I would be thankful, please get back as soon as you can.

Reference:
Tay-Sachs disease (Treatment): There is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease, but some treatments can help in managing symptoms. The goal of treatment is support and comfort. Supportive treatments include: - Medication. To reduce your child's symptoms, a number of prescription medications are available, including anti-seizure medications. - Respiratory care. Children who have Tay-Sachs disease are at high risk of lung infections that cause breathing problems and frequently accumulate mucus in their lungs. Your child may need the mucus using chest physiotherapy (CPT) to help remove mucus from the lungs. - Feeding tubes. Your child may have trouble swallowing, or develop respiratory problems by inhaling food or liquid into the lungs while eating. To prevent those problems, your doctor may recommend an assistive feeding device such as a gastrostomy tube, which is inserted through your child's nose and goes to your child's stomach. Or, a doctor trained in stomach surgery may surgically insert an esophagogastrostomy tube. - Physical therapy. As the disease progresses, your child may benefit from physical therapy to help keep joints flexible and maintain as much ability to move (range of motion) as possible. Physical therapy can delay joint stiffness and reduce or delay the loss of function and pain that can result from shortened muscles. Potential future treatments Gene therapy or enzyme replacement therapy research may eventually lead to a cure or treatment to slow the progression of Tay-Sachs disease.

Answer: There is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease, but some treatments, such as anti-seizure medications, can help in managing symptoms.  Children with Tay-Sachs disease are at high risk of lung infections and may need chest physiotherapy (CPT) to help remove mucus from the lungs.   Your child may have trouble swallowing, or inhale food or liquid into the lungs while eating.  To prevent resulting respiratory problems, your doctor may recommend an assistive feeding device. As the disease progresses, physical therapy may help keep joints flexible and maintain the range of motion. Physical therapy can delay joint stiffness and reduce or delay the loss of function and pain that can result from shortened muscles. Gene therapy or enzyme replacement therapy research may eventually lead to a cure or treatment to slow the progression of Tay-Sachs disease.
Question: My daughter has menkes syndrome and would like to know how to go about. Thx

Reference:
What is Menkes syndrome?: Menkes syndrome is a disorder that affects copper levels in the body. It is characterized by sparse, kinky hair; failure to gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive); and deterioration of the nervous system. Additional signs and symptoms include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), sagging facial features, seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Children with Menkes syndrome typically begin to develop symptoms during infancy and often do not live past age 3. Early treatment with copper may improve the prognosis in some affected individuals. In rare cases, symptoms begin later in childhood.  Occipital horn syndrome (sometimes called X-linked cutis laxa) is a less severe form of Menkes syndrome that begins in early to middle childhood. It is characterized by wedge-shaped calcium deposits in a bone at the base of the skull (the occipital bone), coarse hair, and loose skin and joints.

Answer: Menkes syndrome is a disorder that affects copper levels in the body. The symptoms include kinky hair, failure to thrive, deterioration of the nervous system, weak muscle tone (hypotonia), sagging facial features, seizures, developmental delay, and intellectual disability. Children with Menkes syndrome typically begin to develop symptoms during infancy and often do not live past age 3. Early treatment with copper may improve the prognosis in some affected individuals. In rare cases, symptoms begin later in childhood.