deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: how smoking tobacco affects the rest of the body

Reference:
 Smoking Cigar smoking Cigarette smoking Pipe smoking Tobacco smoking Summary There's no way around it. Smoking is bad for your health. Smoking harms nearly every organ of the body. Cigarette smoking causes 87 percent of lung cancer deaths. It is also responsible for many other cancers and health problems. These include lung disease, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke and cataracts. Women who smoke have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems or having a baby die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Your smoke is also bad for other people - they breathe in your smoke secondhand and can get many of the same problems as smokers do. E-cigarettes often look like cigarettes, but they work differently. They are battery-operated smoking devices. Not much is known about the health risks of using them. Quitting smoking can reduce your risk of health problems. The earlier you quit, the greater the benefit. NIH: National Cancer Institute 

Answer: Smoking is responsible for many other cancers and health problems. This includes lung disease, heart and blood vessel disease, stroke and cataracts. Women who smoke have a greater chance of certain pregnancy problems or having a baby die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Question: how to prevent conjunctivitis

Reference:
 Vernal conjunctivitis Summary Vernal conjunctivitis is long-term (chronic) swelling (inflammation) of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due to an allergic reaction. Causes Vernal conjunctivitis often occurs in people with a strong family history of allergies. These may include allergic rhinitis, asthma, and eczema. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer. Symptoms Symptoms include: Burning eyes. Discomfort in bright light (photophobia). Itching eyes. The area around the cornea where the white of the eye and the cornea meet (limbus) may become rough and swollen. The inside of the eyelids (most often the upper ones) may become rough and covered with bumps and a white mucus. Watering eyes. Exams and Tests The health care provider will perform an eye exam. Treatment Avoid rubbing the eyes because this can irritate them more. Cold compresses (a clean cloth soaked in cold water and then placed over the closed eyes) may be soothing. Lubricating drops may also help soothe the eye. If home-care measures do not help, you may need to be treated by your provider. Treatment may include: Antihistamine or anti-inflammatory drops that are placed into the eye Eye drops that prevent a type of white blood cell called mast cells from releasing histamine (may help prevent future attacks) Mild steroids that are applied directly to the surface of the eye (for severe reactions) Recent research suggests that a mild form of cyclosporine, which is an anti-cancer drug, may be helpful for acute episodes. It may also help prevent recurrences. Outlook (Prognosis) The condition continues over time (is chronic). It gets worse during certain seasons of the year, most often in the spring and summer. Treatment may provide relief. Possible Complications Complications may include: Continuing discomfort Reduced vision Scarring of cornea When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if your symptoms continue or get worse. Prevention Using air conditioning or moving to a cooler climate may help prevent the problem from getting worse in the future. Review Date 3/6/2018 Updated by: Franklin W. Lusby, MD, ophthalmologist, Lusby Vision Institute, La Jolla, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: Using an air conditioner or moving to a cooler climate may prevent vernal conjunctivitis from getting worse in the future.
Question: what are the risk factors of type ii diabetes

Reference:
 Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes You can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. Talk with your health care professional about any of the health conditions listed above that may require medical treatment. Managing these health problems may help reduce your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Also, ask your health care professional about any medicines you take that might increase your risk. 

Answer: You can take steps to help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes by losing weight if you are overweight, eating fewer calories, and being more physically active. Talk with your health care professional about any of the health conditions listed above that may require medical treatment. Managing these health problems may help reduce your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. Also, ask your health care professional about any medicines you take that might increase your risk.
Question: what are the symptoms for cystic fibrosis

Reference:
 Cystic fibrosis - resources Resources - cystic fibrosis Summary The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation -- www.cff.org March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis Review Date 11/12/2016 Updated by: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The following organizations are good resources for information on cystic fibrosis: Cystic Fibrosis Foundation,  -- www.cff.org, March of Dimes -- www.marchofdimes.org/baby/cystic-fibrosis-and-your-baby.aspx, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute -- www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cf, US National Library of Medicine, Genetics Home Reference -- ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/cystic-fibrosis.
Question: what does kidney disease look like

Reference:
 Kidney disease - resources Resources - kidney disease Summary The following organizations are good resources for information on kidney disease: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease National Kidney Foundation -- www.kidney.org American Kidney Fund -- www.kidneyfund.org American Geriatrics Society's Health in Aging Foundation -- www.healthinaging.org/aging-and-health-a-to-z/topic:kidney-problems/ Review Date 11/12/2016 Updated by: Jennifer K. Mannheim, ARNP, Medical Staff, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The following organizations provide good resources for information on kidney disease: www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-disease, .kidney.org, www.kidneyfund.org, www.healthinaging.org/aging-and-health-a-to-z/topic:kidney-problems/
Question: Bad Breath I have very bad breath and at times it can make myself and others sick.  I need some advice as to what I need to do.

Reference:
 Bad Breath Halitosis Summary There are many reasons why you might have bad breath. You can get it if you don't brush and floss regularly. Bacteria that build up in your mouth and between your teeth produce the bad odor. Other problems in your mouth, such as gum disease, dry mouth or cavities, may also cause it. Sinusitis or problems with your nose may be to blame. You can also have bad breath if you eat some foods, like raw onions, garlic or cabbage. And of course smoking causes its own bad aroma. Some diseases and medicines are associated with a specific breath odor. Having good dental habits, like brushing and flossing regularly, help fight bad breath. Mouthwashes, mints or chewing gum may make your breath fresher. If you have an underlying disorder, treating it may help eliminate the breath odor. 

Answer: There are many reasons why you might have bad breath. You can get it if you don't brush and floss regularly. Bacteria that build up in your mouth and between your teeth produce the bad odor. Other problems in your mouth, such as gum disease, dry mouth or cavities, may also cause it. Sinusitis or problems with your nose may be to blame. You can also have bad breath if you eat some foods, like raw onions, garlic or cabbage. And of course smoking causes its own bad aroma. Some diseases and medicines are associated with a specific breath odor. Having good dental habits, like brushing and flossing regularly, help fight bad breath. Mouthwashes, mints or chewing gum may make your breath fresher. If you have an underlying disorder, treating it may help eliminate the breath odor.
Question: Please help me with my brother with locked-in syndrome in  for 3 years.Somebody please help. God bless .

Reference:
 Locked-In Syndrome Definition Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement. It may result from traumatic brain injury, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases that destroy the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, or medication overdose. Individuals with locked-in syndrome are conscious and can think and reason, but are unable to speak or move. The disorder leaves individuals completely mute and paralyzed. Communication may be possible with blinking eye movements Treatment There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. A therapy called functional neuromuscular stimulation, which uses electrodes to stimulate muscle reflexes, may help activate some paralyzed muscles. Several devices to help communication are available. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Prognosis While in rare cases some patients may regain certain functions, the chances for motor recovery are very limited. 

Answer: Locked-In Syndrome (Prognosis): While in rare cases some patients may regain certain functions, the chances for motor recovery are very limited.
Question: Please help me with my brother with locked-in syndrome in  for 3 years.Somebody please help. God bless .

Reference:
 Locked-In Syndrome Definition Locked-in syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement. It may result from traumatic brain injury, diseases of the circulatory system, diseases that destroy the myelin sheath surrounding nerve cells, or medication overdose. Individuals with locked-in syndrome are conscious and can think and reason, but are unable to speak or move. The disorder leaves individuals completely mute and paralyzed. Communication may be possible with blinking eye movements Treatment There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. A therapy called functional neuromuscular stimulation, which uses electrodes to stimulate muscle reflexes, may help activate some paralyzed muscles. Several devices to help communication are available. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Prognosis While in rare cases some patients may regain certain functions, the chances for motor recovery are very limited. 

Answer: Locked-In Syndrome (Treatment): There is no cure for locked-in syndrome, nor is there a standard course of treatment. A therapy called functional neuromuscular stimulation, which uses electrodes to stimulate muscle reflexes, may help activate some paralyzed muscles. Several devices to help communication are available.
Question: I have an hernia I would love to take care off it ASAP I was wondering if you guys could help me . Thanks

Reference:
 Hiatal hernia Hernia - hiatal Summary Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen. Causes The exact cause of hiatal hernia is unknown. The condition may be due to weakness of the supporting tissue. Your risk for the problem goes up with age, obesity, and smoking. Hiatal hernias are very common. The problem occurs often in people over 50 years. This condition may cause reflux (backflow) of gastric acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Children with this condition are most often born with it (congenital). It often occurs with gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Symptoms Symptoms may include: Chest pain Heartburn, worse when bending over or lying down Swallowing difficulty A hiatal hernia by itself rarely causes symptoms. Pain and discomfort are due to the upward flow of stomach acid, air, or bile. Exams and Tests Tests that may be used include: Barium swallow x-ray Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Treatment The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments may include: Medicines to control stomach acid Surgery to repair the hiatal hernia and prevent reflux Other measures to reduce symptoms include: Avoiding large or heavy meals Not lying down or bending over right after a meal Reducing weight and not smoking Raising the head of the bed 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) If medicines and lifestyle measures do not help control symptoms, you may need surgery. Outlook (Prognosis) Treatment can relieve most symptoms of hiatal hernia. Possible Complications Complications may include: Pulmonary (lung) aspiration Slow bleeding and iron deficiency anemia (due to a large hernia) Strangulation (closing off) of the hernia When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of a hiatal hernia. You have a hiatal hernia and your symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. You develop new symptoms. Prevention Controlling risk factors such as obesity may help prevent hiatal hernia. Review Date 4/24/2017 Updated by: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments may include: - Medicines to control stomach acid - Surgery to repair the hiatal hernia and prevent reflux Other measures to reduce symptoms include: - Avoiding large or heavy meals - Not lying down or bending over right after a meal - Reducing weight and not smoking - Raising the head of the bed 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) If medicines and lifestyle measures do not help control symptoms, you may need surgery.
Question: I have an hernia I would love to take care off it ASAP I was wondering if you guys could help me . Thanks

Reference:
 Hiatal hernia Hernia - hiatal Summary Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest. The diaphragm is the sheet of muscle that divides the chest from the abdomen. Causes The exact cause of hiatal hernia is unknown. The condition may be due to weakness of the supporting tissue. Your risk for the problem goes up with age, obesity, and smoking. Hiatal hernias are very common. The problem occurs often in people over 50 years. This condition may cause reflux (backflow) of gastric acid from the stomach into the esophagus. Children with this condition are most often born with it (congenital). It often occurs with gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Symptoms Symptoms may include: Chest pain Heartburn, worse when bending over or lying down Swallowing difficulty A hiatal hernia by itself rarely causes symptoms. Pain and discomfort are due to the upward flow of stomach acid, air, or bile. Exams and Tests Tests that may be used include: Barium swallow x-ray Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Treatment The goals of treatment are to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. Treatments may include: Medicines to control stomach acid Surgery to repair the hiatal hernia and prevent reflux Other measures to reduce symptoms include: Avoiding large or heavy meals Not lying down or bending over right after a meal Reducing weight and not smoking Raising the head of the bed 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) If medicines and lifestyle measures do not help control symptoms, you may need surgery. Outlook (Prognosis) Treatment can relieve most symptoms of hiatal hernia. Possible Complications Complications may include: Pulmonary (lung) aspiration Slow bleeding and iron deficiency anemia (due to a large hernia) Strangulation (closing off) of the hernia When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your health care provider if: You have symptoms of a hiatal hernia. You have a hiatal hernia and your symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment. You develop new symptoms. Prevention Controlling risk factors such as obesity may help prevent hiatal hernia. Review Date 4/24/2017 Updated by: Michael M. Phillips, MD, Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: Hiatal hernia is a condition in which part of the stomach extends through an opening of the diaphragm into the chest. ...  Treatments may include: - Medicines to control stomach acid - Surgery to repair the hiatal hernia and prevent reflux Other measures to reduce symptoms include: - Avoiding large or heavy meals - Not lying down or bending over right after a meal - Reducing weight and not smoking - Raising the head of the bed 4 to 6 inches (10 to 15 centimeters) If medicines and lifestyle measures do not help control symptoms, you may need surgery.
Question: I am a current Gastroparesis fighter with a GJ feeding tube. I am also one of the admins for a GP support group and an advocacy group. I have become a volunteer advocater. I would appreciate any info you can share about Gastroparesis, Feeding tubes, and even TPN. Thanks

Reference:
 Gastroparesis Gastroparesis diabeticorum Delayed gastric emptying Diabetes - gastroparesis Diabetic neuropathy - gastroparesis Summary Gastroparesis is a condition that reduces the ability of the stomach to empty its contents. It does not involve a blockage (obstruction). Causes The exact cause of gastroparesis is unknown. It may be caused by a disruption of nerve signals to the stomach. The condition is a common complication of diabetes. It can also follow some surgeries. Risk factors for gastroparesis include: Diabetes Gastrectomy (surgery to remove part of the stomach) Systemic sclerosis Use of medicine that blocks certain nerve signals (anticholinergic medicine) Symptoms Symptoms may include: Abdominal distention Hypoglycemia (in people with diabetes) Nausea Premature abdominal fullness after meals Weight loss without trying Vomiting Abdominal pain Exams and Tests Tests you may need include: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) Gastric emptying study (using isotope labeling) Upper GI series Treatment People with diabetes should always control their blood sugar levels. Better control of blood sugar level may improve symptoms of gastroparesis. Eating small and more frequent meals and soft foods may also help relieve some symptoms. Medicines that may help include: Cholinergic drugs, which act on acetylcholine nerve receptors Erythromycin Metoclopramide, a medicine that helps empty the stomach Serotonin antagonist drugs, which act on serotonin receptors Other treatments may include: Botulinum toxin (Botox) injected into the outlet of the stomach (pylorus) Surgical procedure that creates an opening between the stomach and small intestine to allow food to move through the digestive tract more easily (gastroenterostomy) Outlook (Prognosis) Many treatments seem to provide only temporary benefit. Possible Complications Ongoing nausea and vomiting may cause: Dehydration Electrolyte imbalances Malnutrition People with diabetes may have serious complications from poor blood sugar control. When to Contact a Medical Professional Changes in your diet may help control symptoms. Call your health care provider if symptoms continue or if you have new symptoms. Review Date 12/1/2016 Updated by: Subodh K. Lal, MD, gastroenterologist with Gastrointestinal Specialists of Georgia, Austell, GA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: The exact cause of gastroparesis is unknown. It may be caused by a disruption of nerve signals to the stomach. The condition is a common complication of diabetes. It can also follow some surgeries.
Question: How bad can endometriosis get?

Reference:
 Endometriosis Endo Summary Endometriosis is a problem affecting a woman's uterus - the place where a baby grows when she's pregnant. Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the ovaries, behind the uterus or on the bowels or bladder. Rarely, it grows in other parts of the body. This "misplaced" tissue can cause pain, infertility, and very heavy periods. The pain is usually in the abdomen, lower back or pelvic areas. Some women have no symptoms at all. Having trouble getting pregnant may be the first sign. The cause of endometriosis is not known. Pain medicines and hormones often help. Severe cases may need surgery. There are also treatments to improve fertility in women with endometriosis. 

Answer: Endometriosis is when the kind of tissue that normally lines the uterus grows somewhere else. It can grow on the ovaries, behind the uterus or on the bowels or bladder. This "misplaced" tissue can cause pain, infertility, and very heavy periods. The pain is usually in the abdomen, lower back or pelvic areas. Having trouble getting pregnant may be the first sign. Pain medicines and hormones often help. Severe cases may need surgery. There are also treatments to improve fertility in women with endometriosis.