deep-div/medical_qa_mediqa huggingface dataset:
Question: prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized.

Reference:
Preeclampsia (Risk factors): Preeclampsia develops only as a complication of pregnancy. Risk factors include: - History of preeclampsia. A personal or family history of preeclampsia significantly raises your risk of preeclampsia.   - Chronic hypertension. If you already have chronic hypertension, you have a higher risk of developing preeclampsia.   - First pregnancy. The risk of developing preeclampsia is highest during your first pregnancy.   - New paternity. Each pregnancy with a new partner increases the risk of preeclampsia more than does a second or third pregnancy with the same partner.   - Age. The risk of preeclampsia is higher for very young pregnant women as well as pregnant women older than 40.   - Obesity. The risk of preeclampsia is higher if you're obese.   - Multiple pregnancy. Preeclampsia is more common in women who are carrying twins, triplets or other multiples.   - Interval between pregnancies. Having babies less than two years or more than 10 years apart leads to a higher risk of preeclampsia.   - History of certain conditions. Having certain conditions before you become pregnant - such as chronic high blood pressure, migraines, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, a tendency to develop blood clots, or lupus - increases your risk of preeclampsia.   - In vitro fertilization. Your risk of preeclampsia is increased if your baby was conceived with in vitro fertilization.

Answer: The risk of preeclampsia is higher for very young pregnant women as well as pregnant women older than 40.  The risk of developing preeclampsia is highest during the first pregnancy. Risk factors for preeclampsia include a personal or family history of preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, pregnancy with a new partner, obesity, and in vitro fertilization. Preeclampsia is more common in women who are carrying twins, triplets or other multiples. Having babies less than two years or more than 10 years apart leads to a higher risk of preeclampsia. In addition to chronic high blood pressure, other conditions, such as migraines, type 1 or type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, a tendency to develop blood clots, lupus increase risk of preeclampsia.
Question: prevention of preeclampsia I know that the jury is out on the exact causes of preeclampsia, but I am looking for some of the ways that the chances of acquiring it can be minimized.

Reference:
Preeclampsia (Prevention): There is no known way to prevent preeclampsia. It is important for all pregnant women to start prenatal care early and continue it through the pregnancy.

Answer: There is no known way to prevent preeclampsia. It is important for all pregnant women to start prenatal care early and continue it through the pregnancy.
Question: Project. Hi my name is  and I'm doing a school project about leukemia and I was wondering if you can anwser some of my questions please.1. What cause leukemia cancer?2. Can you survive leukemia?3. How does leukemia affect your body?4. Is leukemia inherited?5. What is advanced leukemia?6. How long can someone with leukemia expect to live?7. Can you tell if you have leukemia?8. What treatments do you need to take?9. What are the signs of leukemia?10. What is the difference between AML and CML ?

Reference:
Leukemia (Treatment): Treatment for your leukemia depends on many factors. Your doctor determines your leukemia treatment options based on your age and overall health, the type of leukemia you have, and whether it has spread to other parts of your body, including the central nervous system. Common treatments used to fight leukemia include: - Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the major form of treatment for leukemia. This drug treatment uses chemicals to kill leukemia cells. Depending on the type of leukemia you have, you may receive a single drug or a combination of drugs. These drugs may come in a pill form, or they may be injected directly into a vein. - Biological therapy. Biological therapy works by using treatments that help your immune system recognize and attack leukemia cells. - Targeted therapy. Targeted therapy uses drugs that attack specific vulnerabilities within your cancer cells. For example, the drug imatinib (Gleevec) stops the action of a protein within the leukemia cells of people with chronic myelogenous leukemia. This can help control the disease. - Radiation therapy. Radiation therapy uses X-rays or other high-energy beams to damage leukemia cells and stop their growth. During radiation therapy, you lie on a table while a large machine moves around you, directing the radiation to precise points on your body. You may receive radiation in one specific area of your body where there is a collection of leukemia cells, or you may receive radiation over your whole body. Radiation therapy may be used to prepare for a stem cell transplant. - Stem cell transplant. A stem cell transplant is a procedure to replace your diseased bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. Before a stem cell transplant, you receive high doses of chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy your diseased bone marrow. Then you receive an infusion of blood-forming stem cells that help to rebuild your bone marrow. You may receive stem cells from a donor, or in some cases you may be able to use your own stem cells. A stem cell transplant is very similar to a bone marrow transplant.

Answer: Leukemia treatments are based on the patients age and overall health, the type of leukemia, and whether it has spread to other parts of the body. Common treatments used to fight leukemia include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, biological therapy that helps the immune system recognize and attack leukemia cells, and targeted therapy that attacks specific vulnerabilities within cancer cells. For example, the drug imatinib (Gleevec) stops the action of a protein within the leukemia cells of people with chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Question: Psoriasis for past 7-8 years I had psoriasis on my scalp for nearly 10 years. Please give suggestions and medications.

Reference:
Psoriasis (Support Groups): Some people may benefit from a psoriasis support group. The National Psoriasis Foundation is a good resource: www.psoriasis.org.

Answer: Some people may benefit from a psoriasis support group. The National Psoriasis Foundation is a good resource: www.psoriasis.org.
Question: Psoriasis for past 7-8 years I had psoriasis on my scalp for nearly 10 years. Please give suggestions and medications.

Reference:
Psoriasis (Summary): Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes itchy or sore patches of thick, red skin with silvery scales. The skin on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, face, palms and feet is most often affected, but other parts of the body can be affected as well. A problem with the immune system causes psoriasis. In a process called cell turnover, skin cells that grow deep in the skin rise to the surface. Normally, this takes a month. In psoriasis, it happens in just days because the cells rise too fast. Although symptoms may come and go, for many, psoriasis is a lifelong condition. Infections, stress, dry skin and certain medications may make symptoms worse. Psoriasis usually occurs in adults. It sometimes runs in families. Treatments include creams, medications and light therapy. [1] [2]

Answer: Infections, stress, dry skin and certain medications may make symptoms worse. Treatments include creams, medications and light therapy.
Question: Psoriasis for past 7-8 years I had psoriasis on my scalp for nearly 10 years. Please give suggestions and medications.

Reference:
Psoriasis (Prevention): There is no known way to prevent psoriasis. Keeping the skin clean and moist and avoiding your psoriasis triggers may help reduce the number of flare-ups.   Providers recommend daily baths or showers for people with psoriasis. Avoid scrubbing too hard, because this can irritate the skin and trigger an attack.

Answer: Keeping the skin clean and moist and avoiding your psoriasis triggers may help reduce the number of flare-ups. Providers recommend daily baths or showers for people with psoriasis. Avoid scrubbing too hard, because this can irritate the skin and trigger an attack.
Question: Research assignment Hi, I am a grade 12 student who is doing a research assignment on neurological disorders. Do you believe that there will ever be a bonafide cure for Multiple Sclerosis? If so, what kind of time frame would put on this cure?

Reference:
what research (or clinical trials) is being done for Multiple Sclerosis?: The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) and other institutes of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conduct research in laboratories at the NIH and also support additional research through grants to major medical institutions across the country. Scientists continue their extensive efforts to create new and better therapies for MS. One of the most promising MS research areas involves naturally occurring antiviral proteins known as interferons. Beta interferon has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations and may slow the progression of physical disability. When attacks do occur, they tend to be shorter and less severe. In addition, there are a number of treatments under investigation that may curtail attacks or improve function. Over a dozen clinical trials testing potential therapies are underway, and additional new treatments are being devised and tested in animal models.  In 2001, the National Academies/Institute of Medicine, a Federal technical and scientific advisory agency, prepared a strategic review of MS research. To read or download the National Academies/Institute of Medicine report, go to: "Multiple Sclerosis: Current Status and Strategies for the Future."

Answer: Scientists continue researching treatments for MS. Over a dozen clinical trials are underway, and additional new treatments are tested in animal models.One of the most promising MS research areas involves naturally occurring antiviral proteins known as interferons. Beta interferon has been shown to reduce the number of exacerbations and may slow the progression of physical disability.
Question: Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella.  I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines.  They are living in Mexico right now.  Should we be worried?

Reference:
Rubella (Complications): Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. Some women with rubella experience arthritis in the fingers, wrists and knees, which generally lasts for about one month. In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). However, if you're pregnant when you contract rubella, the consequences for your unborn child may be severe. Up to 90 percent of infants born to mothers who had rubella during the first 12 weeks of pregnancy develop congenital rubella syndrome. This syndrome can cause one or more problems, including: - Growth retardation   - Cataracts   - Deafness   - Congenital heart defects   - Defects in other organs   - Mental retardation The highest risk to the fetus is during the first trimester, but exposure later in pregnancy also is dangerous.

Answer: Rubella is a mild infection. Once you've had the disease, you're usually permanently immune. . In rare cases, rubella can cause an ear infection (otitis media) or inflammation of the brain (encephalitis).
Question: Rubella My grandson (4 yrs old) has contracted Rubella.  I know for sure he has had at least one of the vaccines.  They are living in Mexico right now.  Should we be worried?

Reference:
Rubella (Lifestyle and home remedies): In rare instances when a child or adult is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: - Rest in bed as necessary. - Take acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches. - Tell friends, family and co-workers - especially pregnant women - about your diagnosis if they may have been exposed to the disease. - Avoid people who have conditions that cause deficient or suppressed immune systems. - Tell your child's school or child care provider that your child has rubella.

Answer: In rare instances when a child  is infected with rubella, simple self-care measures are required: resting in bed as necessary, take acetaminophen (Tylenol) to relieve discomfort from fever and aches, and telling  those who were or might be exposed to the infection that your child has rubella.
Question: Is it necessary to go to the dr. when getting a skull fracture?

Reference:
Skull fracture (When to Contact a Medical Professional): Get medical help right away if:     - There are problems with breathing or circulation.   - Direct pressure does not stop bleeding from the nose, ears, or wound.   - There is drainage of clear fluid from the nose or ears.   - There is facial swelling, bleeding, or bruising.   - There is an object protruding from the skull.   - The person is unconscious, is experiencing convulsions, has multiple injuries, appears to be in any distress, or cannot think clearly.

Answer: Get medical help right away if: - There are problems with breathing or circulation. - Direct pressure does not stop bleeding from the nose, ears, or wound. - There is drainage of clear fluid from the nose or ears. - There is facial swelling, bleeding, or bruising. - There is an object protruding from the skull. - The person is unconscious, is experiencing convulsions, has multiple injuries, appears to be in any distress, or cannot think clearly.
Question: Is it necessary to go to the dr. when getting a skull fracture?

Reference:
What to do for Skull fracture?: If you think someone has a skull fracture:  - Check the airways, breathing, and circulation. If necessary, begin rescue breathing and CPR.  - Avoid moving the person (unless absolutely necessary) until medical help arrives. Have someone to call 911 (or the local emergency number) for medical assistance.  - If the person must be moved, take care to stabilize the head and neck. Place your hands on both sides of the head and under the shoulders. Do not allow the head to bend forward or backward, or to twist or turn.  - Carefully check the site of injury, but do not probe in or around the site with a foreign object. It can be hard to know if the skull is fractured or depressed (dented in) at the site of injury.  - If there is bleeding, apply firm pressure with a clean cloth over a broad area to control blood loss.  - If blood soaks through, do not remove the original cloth. Instead, apply more cloths on top, and continue to apply pressure.  - If the person is vomiting, stabilize the head and neck, and carefully turn the victim to the side to prevent choking on vomit.  - If the person is conscious and experiencing any of the previously listed symptoms, transport to the nearest emergency medical facility (even if the patient does not think medical help is needed).

Answer: If you think someone has a skull fracture call 911 (or the local emergency number) for medical assistance.  Check the airways, breathing, and circulation. and  begin rescue breathing and CPR, if needed.  Avoid moving the person (unless absolutely necessary) until medical help arrives.
Question: Is it necessary to go to the dr. when getting a skull fracture?

Reference:
What to do for Skull fracture?: - Do NOT move the person unless absolutely necessary. Head injuries may be associated with spinal injuries.  - Do NOT remove protruding objects.  - Do NOT allow the person to continue with physical activities.  - Do NOT forget to watch the person closely until medical help arrives.  - Do NOT give the person any medicines before talking to a doctor.  - Do NOT leave the person alone, even if there are no obvious problems.

Answer: Do NOT move the person unless absolutely necessary. Head injuries may be associated with spinal injuries. - Do NOT remove protruding objects. - Do NOT allow the person to continue with physical activities. - Do NOT forget to watch the person closely until medical help arrives. - Do NOT give the person any medicines before talking to a doctor. - Do NOT leave the person alone, even if there are no obvious problems.
Question: spina bifida; vertbral fusion;syrinx tethered cord. can u help for treatment of these problem

Reference:
Spina Bifida (Is there a cure?): There is no cure for spina bifida, but there are treatments for a wide array of related conditions. Visit the section on treatments for more information. « How is it diagnosed? Are there associated conditions? »

Answer: There is no cure for spina bifida, but there are treatments for a wide array of related conditions.
Question: spina bifida; vertbral fusion;syrinx tethered cord. can u help for treatment of these problem

Reference:
Spina Bifida (Are there associated conditions?): Health issues are different for each person with spina bifida. Open spina bifida (myelomeningocele)—in which the spinal cord is exposed—tends to cause more severe problems. Hydrocephalus Many infants born with spina bifida get extra fluid in and around the brain, a condition called hydrocephalus, or water on the brain. The extra fluid can cause swelling of the head, which may lead to brain injury. Chiari II Malformation The brains of most children with open spina bifida are positioned abnormally. The lower part of the brain rests farther down than normal, partially in the upper spinal canal. The cerebrospinal (pronounced suh-ree-broh-SPAHYN-l) fluid can get blocked and cause hydrocephalus. While most affected children have no other symptoms, a few may have upper body weakness and trouble breathing and swallowing. Tethered Spinal Cord Typically, the bottom of the spinal cord floats freely in the spinal canal, but for many people with spina bifida, the spinal cord is attached to the spinal canal. Thus, the spinal cord stretches as a person grows, and this stretching can cause spinal nerve damage. The person might have back pain, scoliosis (crooked spine, pronounced skoh-lee-OH-sis), weakness in the legs and feet, bladder or bowel control problems, and other issues. Paralysis, Mobility Limitations People with spina bifida high on the back (near the head, for instance) might not be able to move their legs. People with spina bifida low on the back (near the hips, for example) might have some leg mobility and be able to walk unassisted or with crutches, braces, or walkers. Lack of Bladder and Bowel Control People with spina bifida often cannot control their bladder and bowel movements. They also can develop urinary tract infections. Latex Allergy Many people with spina bifida—possibly three-quarters of those with the condition—are allergic to latex, or natural rubber. While researchers still don’t entirely understand why the rate in those with spina bifida is so high, some experts believe such an allergy can be caused by frequent exposure to latex, which is common for people with spina bifida who have shunts and have had many surgeries. Learning Disabilities While at least 80% of children with open spina bifida do not have learning deficiencies, some do have learning problems. Other Conditions Some people with open spina bifida have additional physical and psychological conditions, including digestive, vision, sexual, social, and emotional problems; obesity; and depression. « Is there a cure? What are the treatments? »

Answer: Some people with open spina bifida have additional physical and psychological conditions, including digestive, vision, sexual, social, and emotional problems; obesity; and depression. « Is there a cure? What are the treatments? »
Question: Stem Cell Therapy for Muccular Dystrophy I have read the Medline Abstracts 98,99 of 'Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy'. Please could you tell me how I contact a specialist to enquire further with this...Thank you...

Reference:
What are the treatments for limb-girdle muscular dystrophy?: These resources address the diagnosis or management of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy:  - Cleveland Clinic  - Gene Review: Gene Review: Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Overview  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1A  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1B  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1C  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1E  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1F  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1G  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 1H  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2A  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2B  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2D  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2E  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2F  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2G  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2J  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, type 2L  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, type C1  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, type C2  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, type C3  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, type C4  - Genetic Testing Registry: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy-dystroglycanopathy, type C5  - Johns Hopkins Medicine  - LGMD-Diagnosis.org   These resources from MedlinePlus offer information about the diagnosis and management of various health conditions:  - Diagnostic Tests  - Drug Therapy  - Surgery and Rehabilitation  - Genetic Counseling   - Palliative Care

Answer: resources address the diagnosis or management of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy
Question: Stem Cell Therapy for Muccular Dystrophy I have read the Medline Abstracts 98,99 of 'Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy'. Please could you tell me how I contact a specialist to enquire further with this...Thank you...

Reference:
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (Treatment): There are no known treatments that reverse the muscle weakness. Gene therapy may become available in the future. Supportive treatment can decrease the complications of the disease.   The condition is managed based on the person’s symptoms. It includes:     - Heart monitoring   - Mobility aids   - Physical therapy   - Respiratory care   - Weight control     Surgery is sometimes needed for any bone or joint problems.

Answer: There are no known treatments that reverse the muscle weakness. Gene therapy may become available in the future. Supportive treatment can decrease the complications of the disease. The condition is managed based on the symptoms and may include heart monitoring, mobility aids, physical therapy, respiratory care, weight control and surgery.