Question: how often do you need a pap smear

Reference:
 Cervical dysplasia Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia - dysplasia CIN - dysplasia Precancerous changes of the cervix - dysplasia Cervical cancer - dysplasia Squamous intraepithelial lesion - dysplasia LSIL - dysplasia HSIL - dysplasia Low-grade dysplasia High-grade dysplasia Carcinoma in situ - dysplasia CIS - dysplasia ASCUS - dysplasia Atypical glandular cells - dysplasia AGUS - dysplasia Atypical squamous cells - dysplasia Pap smear - dysplasia HPV - dysplasia Human papilloma virus - dysplasia Cervix - dysplasia Colposcopy - dysplasia Summary Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. The cervix is the lower part of the uterus (womb) that opens at the top of the vagina. The changes are not cancer. But they are considered to be precancerous. This means they can lead to cancer of the cervix if not treated. Causes Cervical dysplasia can develop at any age. However, follow up and treatment will depend on your age. Cervical dysplasia is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a common virus that is spread through sexual contact. There are many types of HPV. Some types lead to cervical dysplasia or cancer. Other types of HPV can cause genital warts. The following may increase your risk for cervical dysplasia: Having sex before age 18 Having a baby at very young age Having had multiple sexual partners Having other illnesses, such as tuberculosis or HIV Using medicines that suppress your immune system Smoking Symptoms Most of the time, there are no symptoms. Exams and Tests Your health care provider will perform a pelvic exam to check cervical dysplasia. The initial test is usually a Pap smear and a test for the presence of HPV. Cervical dysplasia that is seen on a Pap smear is called squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL). On the Pap smear report, these changes will be described as: Low-grade (LSIL) High-grade (HSIL) Possibly cancerous (malignant) Atypical glandular cells (AGC) Atypical squamous cells (ASC) You will need more tests if a Pap smear shows abnormal cells or cervical dysplasia. If the changes were mild, follow-up Pap smears may be all that is needed. The provider may perform a biopsy to confirm the condition. This may be done with the use of colposcopy. Any areas of concern will be biopsied. The biopsies are very small and most women feel only a small cramp. Dysplasia that is seen on a biopsy of the cervix is called cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). It is grouped into 3 categories: CIN I -- mild dysplasia CIN II -- moderate to marked dysplasia CIN III -- severe dysplasia to carcinoma in situ Some strains of HPV are known to cause cervical cancer. An HPV DNA test can identify the high-risk types of HPV linked to this cancer. This test may be done: As a screening test for women over age 30 For women of any age who have a slightly abnormal Pap test result Treatment Treatment depends on the degree of dysplasia. Mild dysplasia (LSIL or CIN I) may go away without treatment. You may only need careful follow-up by your provider with repeat Pap smears every 6 to 12 months. If the changes do not go away or get worse, treatment is needed. Treatment for moderate-to-severe dysplasia or mild dysplasia that does not go away may include: Cryosurgery to freeze abnormal cells Laser therapy, which uses light to burn away abnormal tissue LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure), which uses electricity to remove abnormal tissue Surgery to remove the abnormal tissue (cone biopsy) Hysterectomy (in rare cases) If you have had dysplasia, you will need to have repeat exams every 12 months or as suggested by your provider. Make sure to get the HPV vaccine when it is offered to you. This vaccine prevents many cervical cancers. Outlook (Prognosis) Early diagnosis and prompt treatment cures most cases of cervical dysplasia. However, the condition may return. Without treatment, severe cervical dysplasia may change into cervical cancer. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if your age is 21 or older and you have never had a pelvic exam and Pap smear. Prevention Ask your provider about the HPV vaccine. Girls who receive this vaccine before they become sexually active reduce their chance of getting cervical cancer. You can reduce your risk of developing cervical dysplasia by taking the following steps: Get vaccinated for HPV between ages 9 to 26. Do not smoke. Smoking increases your risk of developing more severe dysplasia and cancer. Do not have sex until you are 18 or older. Practice safe sex. Use a condom. Practice monogamy. This means you have only one sexual partner at a time. Review Date 1/14/2018 Updated by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda Center for Fertility, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. 

Answer: Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. For women of any age who have a slightly abnormal Pap test result Treatment depends on the degree of dysplasia. Mild dysplasia (LSIL or CIN I) may go away without treatment. You may only need careful follow-up by your provider with repeat Pap smears every 6 to 12 months. If the changes do not go away or get worse, treatment is needed.