deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Twee ramskoppen
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1805 – 1844
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: ram

Prent maakt deel uit van een serie van 11 prenten. Prent maakt mogelijk deel uit van een serie van 200 prenten. Deze serie is onder de titel 'A Collection of two hundred original etchings' voor het eerst uitgegeven door J.M. Greery in 1816.
Namen aan de Maas
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1840 – 1841
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: namur
Artist: johannes tavenraat
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1809 – 1881
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions, landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone)
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Namen/ Rivier’

Blad 17 recto uit een schetsboek met 41 bladen.
Glass square bottle
Object type: bottle, square
Date: 1 – 200
Materials: glass
Culture: roman

Translucent light blue, with same color handle. Rim folded out, over, and in, and pressed into top of mouth, with slightly beveled top surface; cylindrical neck, expanding downwards; shoulder with rounded, sloping corners; slightly uneven, vertical sides, with slight downward taper; flat bottom; strap handle, with thick ribs on either side, attached to shoulder, drawn up vertically, turned in an acute angle and trailed onto neck. Molded decoration on bottom comprising five concentric rings and central dot in relief. Intact; pinprick bubbles and blowing striations; slight dulling and faint iridescence on exterior, with small patches of encrustation around neck and handle; areas of weathering and brilliant iridescence on interior.
Openbaring van Johannes op Patmos
Object type: print
Date: 1585 – 1585
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Subjects: the revelation of john, the apocalypse, mask, mascaron ~ ornament
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, inscription: ‘Images qui [...] de Pathmos.’

Prent gebruikt in: Thesaurus sacrarum historiaru[m] veteris (et novi) testame[n]ti, elega[n]tissimis imaginibus expressu[m] excelle[n]tissimoru[m] in hac arte viroru[m] opera : nu[n]c primu[m] in luce[m] editus. Antwerpen: Gerard de Jode, 1585.
Design for a decorative panel painted in rococco style
Object type: drawing
Date: 1830 – 1897
Materials: gold paint, graphite, ink, watercolor
Techniques: heightening, pen
Artist: jules-edmond-charles lachaise
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1897 – 1897
Subjects: ornament
Vier wenende mannen bekeken door Vadertje Tijd
Object type: print
Date: 1796 – 1796
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: london
Subjects: weeping, father time, man with wings and scythe
Inscriptions: : ‘Still-streaming thoroughfares of dull debauch ! (...)’

Prent maakt deel uit van een boek, bladzijde 57. Tekst in het Engels op het recto en verso.
Braunschweigs Bau- und Denkmäler
Object type: page
Date: 1893 – 1893
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper
Techniques: photograph, printing
voor het wieden
Object type: photograph
Date: 1912 – 1913
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: curacao
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: plantation, (non-fruit) products of plants or trees: sisal

Ongewied veld met sisalplanten (in of vóór 1913) op Plantage Mount Pleasant op Curaçao. Onderdeel van het fotoalbum uit ca. 1912-1913 met 92 foto's van de plantages Peperpot en Dordrecht in Suriname en Mount Pleasant op Curaçao.
The Leepenny
Object type: photograph
Date: 1870 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: scotland
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: amulet, talisman
De Munster Kerk te Emmerich
Object type: drawing
Date: 1752 – 1752
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: pieter jan van liender
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1727 – 1779
Subjects: church (exterior), germany
Tobacco Pipe
Object type: tobacco pipe
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: iron
Culture: japanese
Lopend meisje in een jurk
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1874 – 1945
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: carel adolph lion cachet
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1945
Subjects: walking (+ young female (human being)), dress, gown (+ women's clothes)

Tevens een studie, mogelijk van een kledingstuk. Blad 24 recto uit een schetsboek met 41 bladen.
Still life with fish
Object type: painting
Date: 1648 – 1672
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: pieter van noort
Artist role: painter
Artist dates: 1622 – 1672
Subjects: fishes, fish; still life of fishes
Inscriptions: signature: ‘P. v. Noort’

Visstilleven. Stilleven met verschillende soorten vis (vorens, kabeljauw?) uitgestald op een tafel. Links een mand met klossen lijn en een vis als aas aan een lijn. Op de achtergrond een stok met lijn als hengel.
Sacrae Historiae Acta a Raphael Urbin in Vaticanis xystis ad picturae miraculum expressa
Object type: print
Date: 1649 – 1649
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: vatican city
Subjects: solomon and the queen of sheba (1 kings 10:1-3; 2 chronicles 9:1-9), homage to solomon: the queen of sheba gives solomon gold, precious stones and spices
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent uit de Sacrae Historiae Acta a Raphael Urbin in Vaticanis xystis ad picturae miraculum expressa, ook bekend als de Rafaël Bijbel. De serie bestaat uit 54 platen, waarvan twee titelprenten, de eerste met een opdracht aan Rafaël, de tweede met een opdracht aan Renard. De overige 52 platen betreffen composities naar schilderingen in de Loggia van Rafaël in het Vaticaan. De serie werd in 1649 uitgegeven door Pierre Mariette te Parijs.
Willem IV, prins van Oranje-Nassau
Object type: history medal
Date: 1750 – 1750
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Artist: johann lorenz natter
Artist role: medailleur
Artist dates: 1705 – 1763
Subjects: the hague, willem iv (prins van oranje-nassau)
Plate 11: bust of a man wearing a cap and looking towards the right, from "Various heads and figures" (Diverses têtes et figures)
Object type: print
Date: 1650 – 1650
Techniques: etching
Artist: stefano della bella
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1610 – 1664
Subjects: hats,men,portraits
Donkeys, plate 24 from "Various Animals" (Diversi Animali)
Object type: print
Date: 1641 – 1641
Techniques: etching
Artist: stefano della bella
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1610 – 1664
Subjects: donkeys
Plate
Object type: plate
Date: 1791 – 1791
Materials: hard paste porcelain
Artist: sèvres manufactory
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1740 – 9999
Subjects: birds,chinoiserie,men,flowers

Porcelain decorated with a black ground in imitation of Asian lacquer was produced at Sèvres for about a fifteen-year period beginning in 1790. Furniture decorated with imported black lacquer panels saw a resurgence of popularity in the last two decades of the eighteenth century, and the Sèvres factory's efforts to simulate black lacquer on porcelain were probably stimulated by this renewed general interest in lacquer decoration. Black-ground Sèvres porcelain was decorated with chinoiserie scenes executed in gold, which was often applied in subtle tones of yellow, green, and red. Small decorative highlights were often executed in platinum, and the ability to apply platinum—first mastered by the factory in 1790—may have been an impetus to produce these lacquer-inspired pieces. [Jeffrey H. Munger, 2015]
Ideal Pastoral Life
Object type: print
Date: 1829 – 1829
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: edward calvert
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1799 – 1883
Subjects: animals,female nudes,trees

Calvert, the oldest member of the Ancients, was arguably its finest printmaker. Masterful control of line, strong articulation of light and shade, and bold sense of design lend his tiny lithographs surprising power, drawing the viewer into intricate worlds. Calvert's unusual approach to lithography may have been inspired by Blake's method of relief etching, which combined additive and subtractive processes. After drawing his design on the stone with tushe, a greasy black ink, Calvert then scratched away passages using a needle, creating fine white lines that resemble wood engraving. Here, a womans tends a flock of sheep near a rustic fence as a man emerges from a wood, guiding a single sheep back towards the group.
Compote
Object type: glass
Date: 1830 – 1845
Materials: glass, lead
Techniques: pressed
Location: massachusetts

Known as the “princess feather” pattern, the design of this dish illustrates the ornate effects that can be achieved by pressing glass into a mold. In the mid-19th century, the German porcelain manufacturer Meissen produced a line of porcelain with similar decoration of naturalistic fruits and flowers. The porcelain was inspired by the archival collection of American pressed glass amassed by the firm.
Terracotta oinochoe (jug)
Object type: oinochoe
Date: 430 – 430
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Subjects: animals,boys

Wreathed figure riding mule The primary figure is the wreathed and long-tressed youth seated on a high-backed traveling throne. Gesturing casually, he seems to be in communication with the youth in front of him who has a wreath and scepter. The protagonist is difficult to identify. His comfortable seat and the disparity between his feet suggest that he is Hephaistos. However, his youth, wreath, and flowing hair are more appropriate to Dionysos. Another possibility is that these are two youths acting out the Return of Hephaistos.
Afgoderij van Salomo
Object type: print
Date: 1767 – 1767
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: reinier vinkeles (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1741 – 1816
Subjects: solomon's idolatry
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Salomo brengt een offer aan een afgodsbeeld dat op een sokkel staat. Om hem heen zijn vrouwen die hem tot afgoderij hebben verleid. (1. Kon. 11:8).
Carpenter's Chisel from a Foundation Deposit for Hatshepsut's Temple
Object type: chisel, carpenter, hatshepsut, maatkare
Date: 1479 – 1458
Materials: bronze, copper alloy, wood
Location: egypt
Blad met fantasie 'Perzische' bloemen
Object type: printed paper
Date: 1800 – 1850
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing block
Location: netherlands
Subjects: ornament derived from plant forms
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met fantasie 'Perzische' bloemen. Links en rechts identieke helften.
Brief aan Jan Veth
Object type: letter
Date: 1875 – 1925
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Artist: albert verwey
Artist role: criticus, dichter, essayist
Artist dates: 1865 – 1937
Subjects: dordrecht, painter, print maker, draughtsman, designer, jan veth, the hague, jan toorop, henriëtte roland holst-van der schalk, drawing, printed matter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Group of Amazons. (Marble) Engel
Object type: page
Date: 1851 – 1851
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: salted paper print
Location: london
Subjects: (story of) the amazons, piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture, london
Muzikanten met een draailier en een trommel laten honden dansen voor publiek, op de achtergrond een dromedaris met een aap op de rug
Object type: print
Date: 1794 – 1862
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: pierre-françois le roy
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1771 – 1862
Subjects: training of performing dog, hoofed animals: dromedary, monkeys, apes, hurdy-gurdy player - cc - out of doors
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1485, collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Straat met figuren op een kameel
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1924 – 1925
Materials: paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Location: india
Artist: marius bauer
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1867 – 1932
Subjects: hoofed animals: camel, sitting figure, street (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: kleurnotitie, handgeschreven

Pagina 49 uit een schetsboek met 75 bladen.
Portret van András Placid Magger
Object type: print
Date: 1650 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: vienna
Artist: elias widemann
Artist role: print maker
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Trepanation drill from the wreck of the Dutch East Indiaman Meresteijn
Object type: trephine
Date: 1693 – 1702
Materials: brass
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: cape of good hope

Deel van de omslag van een trepaan, een boor die de chirurgijn kon gebruiken om de schedel van een patiënt open te leggen.
Military uniform
Object type: military uniform
Date: 1880 – 1884
Materials: cotton
Culture: american
Hub with Pin
Object type: hub with pin
Date: 1046 – 256
Materials: bronze
Culture: chinese
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, right hand and part of forearm of male with staff
Landschap met twee paarden
Object type: print
Date: 1675 – 1711
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: northern netherlands
Subjects: riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman, horse, dog, whip
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In een landschap staan twee mannen bij een gezadeld paard te kijken naar een ruiter die met zijn ros om een paal rijdt.
Design for a framed panel with painted decoration
Object type: drawing
Date: 1830 – 1897
Materials: gouache, graphite, ink, paper, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Artist: jules-edmond-charles lachaise
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1897 – 1897
Zestien afbeeldingen van oren, gerangschikt op vorm
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1880 – 1893
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: france
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: ears, france
Inscriptions: number: ‘1. (...) 16.’, inscription: ‘(...) Oreille ''maximum'' à l'exception du pli supr. très peu accentué.’, number: ‘Planche 58.’
Flask
Object type: flask
Date: 601 – 800
Materials: glass
Techniques: glassblowing, cutting
Location: iraq

This glass flask was excavated in Ctesiphon, the Sasanian metropolis and administrative capital conquered by Arab Muslim armies in 637. The city continued to be inhabited throughout the era, when it was known in Arabic as al-Mada’in, or "the cities", because of the expansive area it encompassed. Arab and Persian historians and poets indulged in describing al-Mada’in/Ctesiphon’s grand monuments. Muslim rulers also celebrated the glory of these monuments, which through time had acquired symbolic significance due to their association with the city’s imperial past. This was the case of the Taq-i Kisra, an impressive colossal ivan (a vaulted hall with one side open) that was partially dismantled to reuse its bricks in caliphal buildings in the new capital of Baghdad. Finds like thisflask attest to the continued occupation of Ctesiphon’s urban area in the first centuries of the Islamic period, during which a pilgrimage site developed at Salman Pak, an area named after the tomb of Salman al-Farsi, one of the early companions of the Prophet and the first Iranian to convert to Islam. The site is still visited by pilgrims today. Excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the Taq-i Kisra, in a small, fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. According to the agreements, the finds were first divided with the Iraqi authorities, between Berlin and New York.
Ralph Temple, Cyclist, Champion Trick Rider, from World's Champions, Second Series (N43) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: lithography
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: men,portraits,athletes,bicycles

Trade cards from "World's Champions," Second Series (N43), issued in 1888 in a set of 50 cards to promote Allen & Ginter brand cigarettes.
Vaucheria marina
Object type: photogram
Date: 1853 – 1853
Techniques: cyanotype
Artist: anna atkins
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1799 – 1871
Stoet soldaten met lansen begeleid door muziek en vlaggendragers
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1514 – 1532
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: army 'en route', flag display, drumming-up the public

Deze prent is gebruikt in: Petrarca, Francesco. Von der Artzney bayder Glück, des guten und widerwertigen: unnd weß sich ain yeder inn Gelück und Unglück halten sol (...). Augsburg: Heinrich Steiner, 1532. Deze uitgave is ook bekend onder de titel 'Trostspiegel in Glück und Unglück'.
Kalligrafie op Geloof
Object type: calligraphy
Date: 1800 – 1849
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: calligraphy
Inscriptions: stamp, collector's mark: Lugt 1641

Kalligrafie met de tekst: Geloov. De lijnen van de letters van geloov bestaan uit tekst. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Schoone kunsten, Pennekunst.
Pootje baden aan het strand in Zandvoort
Object type: photograph
Date: 1900 – 1905
Materials: photographic support
Location: zandvoort
Subjects: beach (as place of recreation)

Jongens en meisjes zijn, geheel aangekleed, aan het pootje baden in zee, een jongen heeft een schep een ander laat een bootje varen.
Card Number 251, Miss Butler, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-2) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-2), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the second subset, N145-2. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
Verschillende voorstellingen
Object type: print
Date: 1894 – 1918
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, line block
Location: schiedam
Subjects: correction of naughty children
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 9 voorstellingen van verschillende aard, waaronder vijf scènes met ondeugende kinderen die stiekem taart eten als de keukenmeid even weg gaat, en vervolgens worden gestraft. Onder elke afbeelding twee tot acht regels vers. Genummerd linksboven: No. 7.
Kampement
Object type: print
Date: 1632 – 1668
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: southern netherlands
Artist: robert van den hoecke
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1622 – 1668
Subjects: tent-camp
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Josephus Scaliger
Object type: print
Date: 1817 – 1826
Materials: paper
Techniques: stippling
Location: london
Subjects: historical persons, scholar, philosopher (+ portrait of scholar, scientist)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Brief aan Cornelis Hofstede de Groot
Object type: letter
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, printing, writing
Artist: jan veth
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1925
Subjects: publisher, charles sedelmeyer, cornelis hofstede de groot, berlin, wilhelm von bode, politician, money, printed matter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Portret van een 63-jarige vrouw
Object type: drawing
Date: 1605 – 1659
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: brush
Artist: hendrik bary
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1640 – 1707
Subjects: historical persons not known by name - bb - woman, old woman
Grote Boeddha (Daibatsu) van Kamakura, van voren gezien
Object type: photograph
Date: 1870 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: kamakura
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: monument, statue, japan

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met foto's van bezienswaardigheden in Japan.
Twee koeien bij een hek in een weiland aan een waterkant
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1848 – 1888
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: anton mauve
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1888
Subjects: cow, fence, wall, paling, meadow, pasture

Blad 48 verso uit een schetsboek met 53 bladen.
Picknick in een bos
Object type: print
Date: 1729 – 1731
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: picnic, alfresco, 'déjeuner sur l'herbe'
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240, inscription: ‘ft(?) 3200.’

Maakt deel uit van een serie van 271 platen naar schilderijen door Watteau, gecoördineerd door Jean de Jullienne en uitgegeven in Parijs tussen ca. 1726 en 1735. Sommige platen werden reeds tijdens Watteau's leven gemaakt. In 1735 werden honderd exemplaren van de voltooide serie uitgegeven.
Dit betreft plaat 66.
Chessmen (29)
Object type: chessman
Date: 1820 – 1820
Materials: horn, ivory
Subjects: chess,games

The stands, hats, and crowns of the figures on the mowers' (black) side are of a naturally dark horn. There are also faint traces of an orange-brown stain on some of the pieces of the dark side, and all the figures have traces of red paint for the lips. This charming set was originally, therefore, much more colorful than it is now. It is one of those sets in which the theme of the opposition is seen in the pawns rather than the principal pieces, which are identical on the two sides. Both kings wear the divided Austrian crown. The bishops are couriers, and the rearing horses for the knights are fully modeled but riderless. The rooks are towers with very large bell-shaped finials. Pawns, peasants, on the white side are threshers with flails, on the dark side mowers with scythes. A white pawn and bishop and a black bishop are missing.
Plaque of Amenemhat II
Object type: plaque, amenemhat ii
Date: 1919 – 1885
Materials: stone
Techniques: glazing
Location: egypt
Subjects: hieroglyphs
Kraag van katoenbatist met een kartelrand en met decoraties in witwerk
Object type: collar
Date: 1830 – 1835
Materials: cotton
Techniques: embroidery
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous

Platte kraag van katoenbatist met witwerk in de vorm van moesjes, bloem- en bladranken. Langs de nek is de kraag afgezet met band. Aan de buitenzijde heeft de kraag een kartelrand die is afgezet met festonsteken.
Fragment (Dress Fabric)
Object type: textile
Materials: fiber, gilt, silk
Techniques: weave
Location: iran
The Bath
Object type: print
Date: 1890 – 1891
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, drypoint, etching, printing, lithography
Location: united states
Artist: mary cassatt
Artist role: print maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1844 – 1926
Subjects: mothers, children
Nederlands-Indië, Hollandse en inlandse vrouw bij voorgalerij
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1880 – 1910
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: dutch east indies
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: europeans, asiatic races and peoples, adult woman, historical persons, dutch east indies, the
Fries met vaas tussen twee putti met een helm
Object type: print
Date: 1521 – 1590
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: monogrammist ac (16e eeuw)
Artist role: print maker
Subjects: swimming mammals: dolphin (+ ornamental variants of animals), cupids: 'amores', 'amoretti', 'putti'
Bonnet
Object type: bonnet
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: linen
Culture: european
Underplate
Object type: underplate
Date: 1786 – 1786
Materials: porcelain
Culture: chinese
Location: china

In 1786 the Salem, Massachusetts, merchant Elias Hasket Derby financed the voyage of the Grand Turk, one of the first to follow that of the Empress of China. He ordered a 272-piece dinner service for himself, possibly including this tureen, which bears his crest.