deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
William Rand, mayor of Bradford
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1871 – 1881
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Location: bradford
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons (portraits and scenes from the life) (+ (full) bust portrait)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Nov. 1850 to Nov. 1851.’
Landschap met water en eenden
Object type: watercolor
Date: 1832 – 1892
Materials: paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: willem roelofs (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1822 – 1897
Subjects: landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone), water-birds: duck
Portret van een jongen met ketting
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1877 – 1906
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: netherlands
Artist: max büttinghausen
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1847 – 1906
Subjects: boy (child between toddler and youth)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Amsterdam 1877/ M. Büttinghausen/ Photografisch artistisch Atelier/ Singel b/d Torensteeg G.133/ Amsterdam/ Catharijne Singel L.39.G/ Utrecht’
De kleine Passie
Object type: print
Date: 1520 – 1521
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: book in which illustrations are essential, christ almost vanished: only feet visible ~ ascension

Hemelvaart van Christus. De apostelen (Petrus op de rug gezien) en Maria blijven op de berg achter en zien Christus opstijgen naar de hemel. Prent maakt deel uit van een boek.
Reproductie van een schilderij van een zegenende bisschop
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1878 – 1883
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: theologian, blessing by the priest ~ holy mass
Gezelschap
Object type: photograph
Date: 1900 – 1920
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: photography
Location: netherlands
Subjects: netherlands

Foto op bruin albumblad 54 van familiealbum van Alphons Diepenbrock.
Cape
Object type: cape
Date: 1897 – 1897
Materials: glass, silk
Culture: french
Artist: au louvre
Artist role: designer
Artist nationality: french
Garnaal
Object type: drawing
Date: 1876 – 1924
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: gerrit willem dijsselhof
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1866 – 1924
Subjects: crustaceans
Inscriptions: number: ‘1’, number: ‘340’
Portret van Friedrich Wilhelm III van Pruisen
Object type: print
Date: 1816 – 1825
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: berlin
Subjects: berlin, frederik willem iii koning van pruisen, knighthood order (with name) - insignia of a knighthood order, e.g.: badge, chain (with name of order), knighthood order, historical persons, (military) uniforms, specific aspects, allegorical aspects of mars; mars as patron
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Mantel with Wellford Ornament from Beltzhoover House, Carlisle, Pennsylvania
Object type: mantel
Date: 1815 – 1815
Materials: wood
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: robert wellford
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates:  – 9999
Nihon meishô shasei kikô - dai go shû
Object type: book
Date: 1912 – 1912
Materials: paper
Man met een grote neus rijdt de stadspoort van Straatsburg binnen
Object type: print
Date: 1778 – 1778
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: berlin
Subjects: clergyman, riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman, literary characters and objects, parts of the face: nose, city-gate
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Zesde prent uit de serie 'XII Kupfer zu den Leben und Meynungen Tristram Shandy's', bestaand uit een titelpagina en 12 prenten, gedrukt op kosten van de Berlijnse boekhandelaar Christian Friedrich Himburg in 1778. De illustraties volgen een eerder verschenen tekstuitgave: [Stern, Laurence]. Tristram Schandis Leben und Meynungen [uit het Duits vertaald door] Johann Joachim Christoph Bode. 9 dln. Hamburg: Carl Ernst Bohn te Hamburg, 1776.
Omslagontwerp voor: Wendingen, Schelpennummer, 1923
Object type: design
Date: 1923 – 1923
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: richard nicolaüs roland holst
Artist dates: 1868 – 1938
Subjects: merman - aa - mermaid, siren, woman (showing herself) undressed, quasi-nude, venus, standing on a shell, sails with her veil over the water (alternatively she is riding on a dolphin): venus marina

Links een zeemeermin. Rechts de geboorte van Venus. Ze staat naakt op een schelp die op schuimend water drijft.
Aptheros / Eructoni[us] / Fenix
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1493 – 1493
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: king
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘85’

De houtsnede wordt gebruikt als boekillustratie in de Liber Chronicarum (of Neurenbergkroniek) van Hartmann Schedel, verschenen in het Latijn en Duits in 1493. Zie de Latijnse uitgave, folio 34r.
Textile Fragment
Object type: textile fragment
Date: 1567 – 1633
Materials: metal thread, silk
Location: turkey
Torquata, from the Birds of the Tropics series (N5) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: birds
Tiered Box with Design of Autumn Grasses
Object type: tiered box
Date: 1867 – 1900
Materials: gold, lacquer, silver
Techniques: maki
Culture: japanese
Subjects: insects,butterflies,flowers
Brief aan anoniem
Object type: letter
Date: 1875 – 1875
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: haarlem
Artist: hendrik jacobus scholten
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1907
Subjects: the graphic arts
Plaque from a Tantric Ritual Apron
Object type: plaque
Date: 1501 – 1600
Materials: bone
Culture: tibetan
Subjects: human figures
Portret van een man, staand bij en stoel
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1852 – 1870
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: paris
Artist: pierre eugène thiebault
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1825 – 
Subjects: standing figure, historical persons, chair
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘THIÉBAULT,/ Bt. Bne. Nouvelle, 31.’
Chisel
Object type: chisel
Date: 7000 – 330
Materials: bronze
Landscape
Object type: painting
Materials: gold, ink, paper
Location: china
Artist: attributed to qiu ying 仇英
Artist nationality: chinese
Artist dates: 1494 – 1552
Portret van John Moore
Object type: print
Date: 1840 – 1840
Materials: paper
Techniques: mezzotint
Subjects: glasgow, commander-in-chief, general, marshal, historical persons
Mauvaise gloire
Object type: print
Date: 1886 – 1886
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching
Location: france
Artist: odilon redon
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1840 – 1916
Subjects: classical history (+ (full) bust), crowning with laurel

Buste van een man met een lauwerkrans, een tweede hoofd linksboven.
Eagle
Object type: figure
Date: 1731 – 1731
Materials: hard paste porcelain
Artist: meissen manufactory
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1710 – 9999
Subjects: eagles

Porcelain birds have their origins in the princely tradition of maintaining collections of living animals and birds in menageries and aviaries, which were viewed as microcosms of the universe, and emblems of royal power and enlightenment. These collections often included exotic birds such as parrots, admired for their rarity, as well as more familiar native species. In 1731 the Meissen manufactory began a new genre in European porcelain, producing several hundred life-size and near-life-size porcelain birds and animals, many destined for the Japanese Palace of Augustus the Strong, Elector of Saxony (1670–1733). To create them, factory modelers found inspiration in nature, looking both to living and stuffed specimens, as well as zoological illustrations and Asian porcelain precedents. The great Meissen modeler Johann Joachim Kändler is known to have copied from life the birds kept at the royal aviary at Schloss Moritzburg. Surviving prints and drawings of the period indicate that porcelain birds, animals, and vases were placed on gilt wood brackets arranged in decorative, symmetrical patterns. An eighteenth-century English visitor to the Japanese Palace, Jonas Hanway, described this manner of display: “The long gallery in the second story had already two marble chimney-pieces, each adorned with near 40 very large pieces of porcelain, of birds, beasts, and vases, ranged to the height of above 20 feet in a most superb taste….” [Elizabeth Sullivan, 2013]
Pagina 25 van fotoboek van de Algemeene Vereeniging van Rubberplanters ter Oostkust van Sumatra (A.V.R.O.S.)
Object type: photograph
Date: 1924 – 1925
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: printing
Location: sumatra
Artist: j.w. meyster
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1887 – 1945
Subjects: (non-fruit) products of plants or trees: rubber, laboratory, sumatra

Boekpagina met een foto van de personeel staand aan de voorzijde van het Pathologische Laboratorium van het Algemeen Proefstation van de Algemeene Vereeniging van Rubberplanters ter Oostkust van Sumatra (A.V.R.O.S.) te Kampong Baroe. Onderdeel van een fotoboek van de Algemeene Vereeniging van Rubberplanters ter Oostkust van Sumatra (A.V.R.O.S.).
Shoe buckles
Object type: shoe buckle
Date: 1784 – 1785
Materials: silver
Culture: british
Frankrijk, Tweede Republiek, 5 francs,1850 A
Object type: coin
Date: 1850 – 1850
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: paris

Zilveren munt. Voorzijde: portret van een vrouw met krans en diadeem naar links. Bovenaan ster. Keerzijde: binnen twee samengebonden takken waarde-aanduiding in twee regels, waaronder jaartal. Onderaan de letter A [=Parijs]. Opliggend randschrift.
Altar bell with a mudfish-legged ọ́bà
Object type: bell
Date: 1701 – 1900
Materials: brass
Culture: edo period
Location: nigeria
Artist: ìgùn ẹ́rọ̀nwwọ̀n (brass-casting guild) artists
Artist role: artist
Subjects: kings,men,fish
Zelfportret van Willem Bartel van der Kooi
Object type: print
Date: 1819 – 1836
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: willem bartel van der kooi
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1768 – 1836
Subjects: painter, print maker, draughtsman, willem bartel van der kooi, portrait, self-portrait of painter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, inscription: ‘Portret van den vrieschen schilder Van der Kooi door hemzelven gelithographeerd’, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Naar een pasteltekening in bruikleen van het Gemeentearchief Leeuwarden aan het Fries Museum Leeuwarden.
Girl with a Cigarette II
Object type: print
Date: 1891 – 1891
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: sweden
Artist: anders zorn
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: swedish
Artist dates: 1860 – 1920
Portret van Christoph Schleupner
Object type: print
Date: 1740 – 1740
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: leipzig
Artist: johann benjamin brühl
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1691 – 1763
Subjects: historical persons, book
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent ook gebruikt in: Fortgesetzte Sammlung Von Alten und Neuen Theologischen Sachen (...) Sechster Beytrag Auf das Jahr 1740. Leipzig: erven Johann Friedrich Braun.
Fotoreproductie van een schilderij van de heilige Antonius van Padua met het Kind van Bartolomé Murillo
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1880 – 1905
Materials: paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: sevilla
Subjects: clergyman, visions of st. antony of padua, sevilla
Inscriptions: number: ‘No 91. [?]’
Terracotta fragments of kraters (mixing bowls)?
Object type: krater fragment
Date: 601 – 700
Materials: terracotta
Culture: etruscan

Two black glazed fragments from kraters?
Scarab seal
Object type: stamp seal
Date: 600 – 501
Materials: quartz
Location: levant or syria
Strook kloskant met driehoekige schulpen waaronder een gevlochten cirkeltje
Object type: strip
Date: 1925 – 1937
Materials: linen
Techniques: lace
Location: pescocostanzo
Artist: Anonymous

Strook naturelkleurige kloskant. Het zich herhalende en symmetrische patroon bestaat uit een band met opengewerkte cirkels in een traliegrond. Onder de band hangen driehoekige schulpen, steeds één schulp onder één opengewerkte cirkel. In de driehoek lopen twee vlechtjes vanuit de band recht naar beneden. Onder elke driehoekige schulp hangt een cirkeltje gemaakt met een vlechtje. Het betreft 20e-eeuws kant gemaakt naar een 16e-eeuws patroon.
Portret van J.D. Janssen
Object type: print
Date: 1812 – 1867
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: herman antonie de bloeme
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1802 – 1867
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De geportretteerde kijkt naar rechts en draagt een ridderorde op de revers van zijn jas. Onder het portret zijn naam.
Situla
Object type: situla
Date: 7000 – 330
Materials: bronze
Lioness head
Object type: sculpture
Date: 800 – 601
Materials: ivory
Culture: assyrian
Location: mesopotamia
Subjects: lions
Nederlandse 25 cent,1926
Object type: coin
Date: 1926 – 1926
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: utrecht
Artist: wilhelmina of the netherlands
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1880 – 1962

Zilveren munt. Voorzijde: hoofd naar links. Keerzijde: binnen twee samengebonden eiketakken waarde-aanduiding 25 cents en jaartal. Kartelrand.
House of Raphael, from "Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae"
Object type: print
Date: 1549 – 1549
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: artist
Subjects: architecture,buildings,rome

This print comes from the museum’s copy of the Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae (The Mirror of Roman Magnificence) The Speculum found its origin in the publishing endeavors of Antonio Salamanca and Antonio Lafreri. During their Roman publishing careers, the two foreign publishers - who worked together between 1553 and 1563 - initiated the production of prints recording art works, architecture and city views related to Antique and Modern Rome. The prints could be bought individually by tourists and collectors, but were also purchased in larger groups which were often bound together in an album. In 1573, Lafreri commissioned a title page for this purpose, which is where the title ‘Speculum Romanae Magnificentiae’ first appears. Lafreri envisioned an ideal arrangement of the prints in 7 different categories, but during his lifetime, never appears to have offered one standard, bound set of prints. Instead, clients composed their own selection from the corpus to be bound, or collected a group of prints over time. When Lafreri died, two-third of the existing copper plates went to the Duchetti family (Claudio and Stefano), while another third was distributed among several publishers. The Duchetti appear to have standardized production, offering a more or less uniform version of the Speculum to their clients. The popularity of the prints also inspired other publishers in Rome to make copies however, and to add new prints to the corpus. The museum’s copy of the Speculum entered the collection as a group of 3 albums with inlaid engravings and etchings. The prints have since been removed, but the original place of each print within the album is contained in the accession number: 41.72(volume.place). Originally volume 3, plate 60 in the scrapbook.
Kasteel S. Pol te Vianen 1607
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1727 – 1733
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: castle, woodcutting, woodcutter ~ forestry
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie uit: Abraham Rademaker, Matthaeus Brouërius van Niedek, Isaac Le Long, Kabinet van Nederlandsche en Kleefsche outheden en (...) voorname stads- en landgebouwen, Willem Barents en Antoni Schoonenburg: Amsterdam, 1727-1733, ill. nr. 254.
Rivierlandschap met kasteel
Object type: print
Date: 1598 – 1598
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Subjects: castle, river
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 845, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Kasteel aan rivier in bergachtig landschap.
Netsuke of Octopus in a Pail
Object type: netsuke
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: wood
Culture: japanese
Subjects: octopus
Coverlet or Wall Hanging
Object type: coverlet or wall hanging
Date: 1700 – 1800
Materials: silk
Techniques: embroidery

Asian Rococo Wealthy British consumers appreciated the skill and decorative effect of Chinese embroidery, which fueled a vigorous import industry. In this example, in a gesture to their clientele’s taste, Chinese needleworkers have rendered a repeat pattern of European rococo motifs–floral, musical and bucolic–in careful detail and lively color. Spread across a generous expanse of fine, soft Asian silk, the bed coverlet or wall hanging must have been quite lovely when viewed in shimmering candlelight.
Whole cloth quilt
Object type: quilt
Date: 1885 – 1885
Materials: cotton
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: maker
Subjects: women,bees,cornucopia,flowers,corn
Romeinen misleid te denken dat Civilis dood of gewond is, 69-70
Object type: history print
Date: 1612 – 1612
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Subjects: battle, fighting in general, extinct, 'historical' peoples (with name), netherlands

Civilis valt van zijn paard om de Romeinen te misleiden en te laten denken dat hij dood of gewond is. Prent nummer 17 in de serie prenten over de Bataafse Opstand: Batavorum cum Romanis bellum / à Corn. Tacito lib. IV & V. : Hist. olim descriptum, figuris nunc aeneis expressum, auctore Othone Vaenio Lugdunobatava = De Batavische oft oude Hollandtsche oorloghe teghen de Romeynen. Otto Vaenius, Antwerpen 1612. Onderaan twee verzen van vier regels in het Nederlands en in het Latijn. Zonder tekst op achterzijde.
Gezicht op een bos met beek en een omgevallen boom
Object type: page
Date: 1880 – 1885
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Artist: andré quinsac
Artist role: printer
Artist dates: 1845 – 1891
Subjects: forest, wood
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1767 – 1833
Materials: metal thread, silk
Culture: chinese
Subjects: animals
New Künstlichs Modelbuch (Page 26 recto)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1600 – 1600
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: bernhard jobin
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: swiss
Artist dates: 1535 – 1597
Subjects: flowers

Published by Bernhard Jobin, Strassburg (?). Illustrated title page, poem (2 pages), and 45 pages of designs.
The Witches' Sabbath (recto); Sketches of Centaurs (verso)
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1883 – 1889
Materials: gouache, graphite, ink, paint, paper, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Location: france
Artist: auguste rodin
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1840 – 1917
Wendingen, nr. 4, november 1922
Object type: magazine
Date: 1911 – 1922
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, lithograph
Location: netherlands

Vierkant tijdschrift 'Wendingen', nr. 11 van de vierde jaargang (1921), gewijd aan het werk van de Amerikaanse architect Frank Lloyd Wright met een gelithografeerd omslag naar een origineel ontwerp van de Russische kunstenaar El Lissitzky.
Tile with Eagle Motif
Object type: tile
Date: 1267 – 1400
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: glazing
Culture: british
Location: england
Subjects: eagles

This encaustic tile with an eagle on the diagonal came from the church of Saint Ethelreda at West Quantoxhead, Somerset.
Suikerpot, beschilderd met strooibloemen
Object type: sugar box
Date: 1784 – 1784
Materials: porcelain
Techniques: painted
Location: ouder-amstel

Delen van een koffie- en theeservies bestaande uit een koffiekan, een theepot, een melkkan en een suikerpot geribd met een blauw strooipatroon van bloemen onder het glazuur. Gemerkt: koffiekan Amstel in blauw, theepot M:O L in blauw en ingegrift, melkkan MOL en Amstel in blauw en suikerpot * M:OL in blauw en ingegrift M:OL L80.
Snuff Bottle
Object type: snuff bottle
Date: 1767 – 1833
Materials: coral, glass, quartz
Culture: chinese
Buste van een koning met tulband
Object type: print
Date: 1633 – 1633
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, pen
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: africans, head-gear: turban
Inscriptions: signature: ‘Ca’, collector's mark: Lugt 240

Buste van een Afrikaanse koning met een tulband met veer. Met pen is de prent bijgewerkt en is een slip van de tulband getekend.
Trade card for John Dower, geographical engraver and draughtsman
Object type: print, trade card
Date: 1801 – 1900
Techniques: engraving
Artist: anonymous, british, 19th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1800 – 1900

This object is housed in an album of British trade cards from the collections of Bella C. Landauer, Ambrose Heal, and others. The term “trade card” is of nineteenth-century origin and refers to a card that advertises the services of an individual or business. Eighteenth-century trade cards were often printed on thin sheets of paper and referred to as “tradesmen’s cards,” “tradesmen’s bills,” or “shopkeeper’s bills.” During the Victorian era, trade cards were often reinforced on pasteboard and closely resemble business cards today. John Dower was listed as a fellow for The Royal Geographical Society. Dower was sponsored by Trelawny Saunders, John Walker Jr., and A. Petermann and he was elected to the society on January 9, 1854.
Actors as Fujisawa Shiro, Asari Yoichi, and Hangaku, from an untitled series of half-block images of kabuki scenes
Object type: print
Date: 1851 – 1852
Techniques: woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: utagawa kunisada i (toyokuni iii)
Amulet of the Soul as a Human-Headed Bird
Object type: costume and accessory
Materials: glass
Culture: egyptian
Location: egypt
Plaque from a Reliquary Shrine
Object type: plaque
Date: 1186 – 1186
Materials: copper alloy, enamel, gilt
Techniques: enamel
Culture: german
Location: germany

Among the most splendid objects in the great churches of Cologne are large architectural shrines containing relics associated with local saints. These ambitious goldsmiths’ works are among the greatest artistic achievements of their time. Refined decorative fragments like the small rectangular plaques shown here are often all that remain of these monumental objects, as many were dismantled or even destroyed following the secularization of church property in this region in the first decade of the nineteenth century. During later efforts to restore shrines, some fragments were replaced and the originals sold to collectors and museums.
Fragment met de ontmoeting van Jacob en Esau (?)
Object type: drawing
Date: 1600 – 1699
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: brush
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: hoofed animals: camel, ass, donkey, sheep, animal mounts; pack-animals, goat, jacob and esau are reconciled (genesis 33)

Fragment van een tekening met de ontmoeting van Jacob en Esau (?).
Card 4, from the Girl Baseball Players series (N48, Type 2) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1886 – 1886
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: portraits,women,baseball,athletes

Trade cards from the "Girl Baseball Players" series (N48), issued in 1886 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights and Dixie Cigarettes. There are two types of card in the series. Type 1 shows a female baseball player in a uniform with a polka dotted bib, and most often the cards are numbered. Type 2 depicts a female baseball player in a standard uniform with her player position noted on the image.
Mirror with Incised Design of Buddha Triad
Object type: mirror
Date: 1401 – 1500
Materials: bronze
Culture: korean

In contrast to most bronze mirror decorations, which are molded onto the back of the mirror, this example has a plain back a line drawing of the Buddha attended by two bodhisattvas incised into the cold bronze of the mirror face. While the drawing style preserves the elegant lines and intricacy of the Goryeo pictorial tradition, the pointed ushnisha, or cranial protuberance that symbolizes the Enlightened One's transcendent wisdom, is a stylistic feature associated with Tibetan lamaist sects that were influential during the Joseon dynasty.