deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Dress
Object type: dress
Date: 1885 – 1885
Materials: silk, wool
Culture: american
Onderste gedeelte van de prent 'Lente gedachten'
Object type: print
Date: 1895 – 1895
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: karel petrus cornelis de bazel
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1869 – 1923
Subjects: prisoner; in fetters

Losse afdruk van het onderste blok voor de prent uit: Licht en waarheid, orgaan van de vereeniging 'Wie denkt overwint', nr. 130, 20 april 1895.
Huizen aan de haven in Goes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1890 – 1920
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: goes
Artist: anoniem (monumentenzorg)
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: harbour, urban housing
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Huis uit de 16e eeuw aan de haven te Goes’, annotation: ‘Goes (Z.)/ huis uit de 16de eeuw aan de haven’
The Burning Shame
Object type: print
Techniques: etching
Artist: thomas rowlandson
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1757 – 1827
Subjects: satire,men,politics
Page from Ein new kunstlich Modelbuch...(Page 21r)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1544 – 1544
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: peter quentel
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1500 – 1550
Subjects: ornament

Published by Peter Guentel, Cologne. Illustrated title page, architectural border on reverse of title page, 99 pages of designs, arms of Cologne on last page (Merlos 1063.477, Van Worms).
Princess Elise Bonaparte, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Object type: medal
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: gilt bronze
Techniques: struck
Artist: bertrand andrieu
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1761 – 1822

This medal was struck for the Metropolitan Museum of Art at the Paris Mint at the request of the donor, Hon. Levi P. Morton, formerly U.S. Minister to France.
Málaga. Vista del Puerto (desde la Alcazaba)
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1906 – 1930
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph, writing
Location: málaga
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: harbour
Krantenknipsel uit archief Philip Zilcken
Object type: newspaper clipping
Materials: paper, ink
Techniques: printing
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague, painter, draughtsman, willem maris, philip zilcken
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Portret van een man met snor in uniform
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1880 – 1914
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: nijmegen
Artist: gerard karel martin hubert korfmacher
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1835 – 1914
Subjects: moustache, historical persons, (military) uniforms
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘G. Korfmacher/ Nijmegen/ Hoek Molenstraat B 678’, annotation: ‘[H ...]’
Hand Amulet
Object type: amulet, hand
Date: 2465 – 2100
Materials: gemstone
Location: egypt

During the Old Kingdom and First Intermediate Period, small amulets of hands (10.130.2358) and feet (10.130.2355) were commonly included in bracelets and anklets. These amulets protected the limbs and extremities of their wearers, while possibly conferring abilities such as dexterity, creative potential, or speed. Often these amulets were made of carnelian, an orange-red stone. The color, reminiscent of blood, would bring power and energy to the amulet.
Dish
Object type: ceramic
Date: 1765 – 1775
Materials: ceramic, enamel, porcelain, soft paste porcelain
Techniques: gilding, polychrome
Location: worcester
Fragment of a Bowl
Object type: decorative art
Date: 100 – 100
Materials: glass
Culture: roman
Location: eastern mediterranean region
Subjects: decoration
Koets met drie paarden
Object type: print
Date: 1822 – 1822
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: jacques françois joseph swebach
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1769 – 1823
Subjects: postal service
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Muzieksleutels
Object type: houtblok kopshout
Date: 1870 – 1920
Materials: wood
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Gezicht op de vismarkt bij de Dam
Object type: drawing
Date: 1706 – 1736
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: brush, pen
Location: amsterdam
Artist: antonina houbraken
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1696 – 1736
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta', market, village square, place

Tekening binnen de Atlas Van Eck ingedeeld op wijknummer 3.
Card 679, Fanny Rice, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 1) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: birds,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 1), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Spotbeeld op de Spanjaard
Object type: drawing
Date: 1644 – 1644
Materials: parchment, pencil
Techniques: brush
Artist: pieter jansz quast
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1605 – 1647
Subjects: europeans: spaniards (+ caricatured)

Spottekening op de Spanjaard: een rijk uitgedoste Spanjaard staat te midden van zeven schooiers, die hem uitjouwen en bespotten.
Covered Jar
Object type: jar
Date: 1881 – 1890
Materials: glass
Techniques: pressed
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: george duncan and sons
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1874 – 1891
Ewer
Object type: ewer
Date: 701 – 900
Materials: earthenware
Location: iran

This ceramic ewer was excavated at the site of Tepe Madrasa in Nishapur. Nishapur was a vital city in the early and middle Islamic periods, located along one of the main trajectories that connected Iran and West Asia Islamic lands with Central Asia and China. These itineraries are often referred by the term ‘Silk routes’ but were in fact crucial to the movement of constellations of materials and objects, as well as people and ideas. The diverse population of Nishapur and its surroundings, from the better-researched elite groups of merchants, land-owning aristocracy, and literates, to the less-known artisans, farmers, miners, and servants, were instrumental in adapting global cultural trends to create their own distinctive visual languages. This is seen in the material remains of everyday life in medieval Nishapur – from pots and pans to lighting devices, inkwells, textiles and trimmings, jewelry, games and toys, talismanic devices, weapons, coins, and architectural fragments. Nishapur lost its political prominence due to a series of earthquakes and invasions that peaked in the thirteenth century. Today, the medieval city is a vast archaeological area, while the relatively small modern city is situated to its north. Instead, Mashhad, a major pilgrimage site, emerged as a major prosperous metropolis in the region. Between 1935 and 1948, the "Persian Expedition" of the Metropolitan Museum of Art excavated at several sites at Nishapur under an agreement with the Iranian authorities. The recovered artifacts were divided in half between the two countries, resulting in over four thousand objects in the Met’s collection today. As part of the larger "Persian Expedition" project at Nishapur, American archaeologists and hundreds of Iranian workers excavated a mound named Tepe Madrasa. There, they uncovered an architectural complex which they tentatively associated with a palace or governmental center because of the solidity of the built structures and the extent and variety of wall decorations (including carved and painted brickwork, glazed tiles, wall paintings, and carved and painted stuccoes). This, together with the ceramic and metal finds, aided in attributing the site to the ninth or tenth century onwards. A mosque, refurbished multiple times up to the late eleventh century, was also unearthed, yielding the remains of a monumental entrance with a large terracotta inscription bearing the titles of a sultan (39.40.58, .60–64). Several twelfth century tombstones were also unearthed, showing the shift in purpose of what was earlier a residential area.
Virgilius in de mand
Object type: drawing
Date: 1596 – 1598
Materials: ink, parchment
Techniques: pen
Artist: hendrick goudt
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1581 – 1648
Subjects: publius vergilius maro, virgil in the basket
Brief aan Jan Veth
Object type: letter
Date: 1887 – 1887
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: scheveningen
Artist: paul joseph constantin gabriël
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1828 – 1903
Subjects: dordrecht, painter, designer, jan veth, artist, anna dorothea dirks, anonymous historical person portrayed, painting (including book-illumination, miniature-painting)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Portret van Nikolaas van der Laan
Object type: print
Date: 1749 – 1796
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: mayor, burgomaster, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent komt waarschijnlijk uit een editie van Jan Wagenaars 'Vaderlandsche historie', vanaf 1749 in verschillende delen en drukken verschenen tot 1796. De prent is postuum uitgegeven door Johannes Allart.
Vase with alternating landscape and floral scenes
Object type: vase
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: enamel, porcelain
Techniques: painting, polychrome
Culture: chinese
Subjects: birds,flowers,landscapes

The light green background on two sides of this face is found primarily on works produced for the use of the court during the rule of the infamous Dowager Empress Cixi (1835–1908), the de facto ruler of China from 1847 to her death. It seems likely that this vase, which continues a shape first used in the early eighteenth century, was made a century later, when her taste was echoed in porcelains made at Jingdezhen.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, part of a knobby stick; lower drapery of figure
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: silk
Techniques: compound weave
Culture: japanese
Subjects: birds
St. Antonis Poort
Object type: print
Date: 1654 – 1701
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: tower, clock tower ~ monumental adornment, windmill, city-gate

Onderdeel van een prentserie bestaande uit een titelprent en zeven prenten van Amsterdamse stadspoorten of alleen zeven (of zes) prenten van Amsterdamse stadspoorten. Van deze prentserie zijn drie uitgaven bekend, respectievelijk uitgegeven door Cornelis Danckerts (I), Dancker Danckerts en Justus Danckerts. Van de titelprent zijn drie staten bekend: één staat voor de letter waarop het droge naaldwerk nog goed zichtbaar is, één staat waarop Dancker Danckerts als uitgever vermeld staat; en één staat waarop Justus Danckerts als uitgever vermeld staat. De serie uitgegeven door Cornelis (I) Danckerts had mogelijk geen titelprent. Van elk van de overige prenten zijn redelijk wat exemplaren overgeleverd maar is telkens slechts één staat bekend. Op vier van deze prenten staat Cornelis Danckerts (I) vermeld als uitgever. Op twee prenten staat geen uitgever vermeld en op één prent staat Dancker Danckerts vermeld als uitgever. Mogelijk hebben zowel Dancker als Justus voor hun uitgave hun naam op de titelprent vermeld zonder de overige prenten bij te werken. Dat zou betekenen dat de prenten waarop Cornelis (I) staat vermeld als uitgever, ook later door zijn zoons Dancker en Justus kunnen zijn uitgegeven. En dat de prent waarop Danker vermeld staat als uitgever ook door Justus kan zijn uitgeven. Dat op de prent van de Derde Regulierspoort (RP-P-AO-27-15-2 en RP-P-1882-A-6003) wel - in een net andere stijl - de naam van Dancker Danckerts staat, zou verklaard kunnen worden doordat deze prent iets later, na het overlijden van Cornelis (I) in 1656, aan de serie is toegevoegd. De serie bevat namelijk ook een prent van de Tweede Regulierspoort (RP-P-AO-27-4-2 en huidige prent). Deze houten poort werd in 1654 afgebroken en vervangen door de stenen Derde Regulierspoort die in 1655 voltooid zou zijn.
Terracotta neck-amphora (jar) with twisted handles
Object type: neck amphora
Date: 400 – 400
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Artist: suessula painter
Artist role: artist
Subjects: human figures,shields,male nudes,amazons

Obverse, combat of Greeks against Amazons Reverse, three youths This vase is complementary in its main scene to the adjacent work with which it was found. The battle scene reveals the artist's interest in action and his ease with the medium. It is particularly revealing to contrast the conventional, rather anemic palmette on the neck with the barren tree that the artist had seen first-hand.
Slapende hond
Object type: print
Date: 1837 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: the hague
Artist: jan weissenbruch
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1822 – 1880
Subjects: sleeping on the ground, dog
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een hond ligt op de grond te slapen. Zijn rechtervoorpoot heeft hij uitgestrekt.
Handen met een breiwerk en een kop
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1834 – 1911
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: jozef israëls
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1911
Subjects: head (human), hand, knitting

Blad 2 recto uit een schetsboek met 26 bladen.
Portret van Christoph Hainemann
Object type: print
Date: 1685 – 1721
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: bookshelves, historical persons, book, crucifix ~ personal devotion, scroll, armorial bearing, heraldry
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Education of the Virgin by Saint Anne
Object type: relief statue
Date: 1401 – 1500
Materials: alabaster, paint
Culture: spanish
Subjects: virgin mary
Sketch of the Interior of St. Stephens, As it Now Stands
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: england
Artist: james gillray
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1756 – 1815
Horse Trapping
Object type: horse trapping
Date: 1301 – 1500
Materials: copper alloy
Techniques: gilding
Culture: catalan
Location: spain
Drie courtisanes uit het Tamaya huis
Object type: print
Date: 1828 – 1828
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: japan
Artist: utagawa toyokuni (ii)
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1777 – 1835
Subjects: courtesan, hetaera

Courtisane in kimono met gestileerde bloempatronen, omkijkend, staand bij grote zwart-witte lantaarn tegen houten wand.
Heuvellandschap en de rand van een bos
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1848 – 1888
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: anton mauve
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1888
Subjects: low hill country, fringe, edge of the wood
Inscriptions: monogram: ‘AM’

Blad 3 verso en 4 recto uit een schetsboek met 33 bladen.
Portret van Jacobus Wittichius
Object type: print
Date: 1716 – 1716
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: leiden
Subjects: scholar, philosopher, historical persons, professor

Met tweeregelig onderschrift in het Latijn.
Portrait of a mother and child
Object type: drawing
Date: 1823 – 1823
Materials: gouache, graphite, watercolor
Artist: john linnell (ii)
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1792 – 1882
Subjects: children,portraits,mothers

This delicately rendered study demonstrates Linnell’s mastery of intimate portraiture, a genre popularized in England in the eighteenth century that included miniatures painted on ivory as well as drawings. Here, the artist enhanced the lifelike effect by applying tiny touches of color to the eyes, lips, and cheeks of the unidentified sitters. Linnell started his career as a landscape painter but after he married turned to portraiture as a more reliable source of income for his family. He also supported fellow artist William Blake by commissioning engravings and watercolors, providing his friend with a steady income late in life.
Landschap met molen
Object type: print
Date: 1840 – 1840
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: eugène françois de block
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1812 – 1893
Subjects: landscapes, windmill in landscape
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Allegorisch portret van Bartholomeus Spranger en zijn vrouw Christina Muller
Object type: print
Date: 1600 – 1600
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: prague
Subjects: prague, print maker, draughtsman, bartholomeus spranger, faith, 'fides'; 'fede', 'fede catholica', 'fede christiana', 'fede christiana catholica' (ripa) ~ one of the three theological virtues, (story of) minerva (pallas, athena), death as skeleton, historical persons, tools, implements of painter, fame; 'fama', 'fama buona', 'fama chiara' (ripa), ornament ~ festoon, garland, father time, man with wings and scythe
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 964

Gedenkprent voor de overleden vrouw van de schilder Bartholomeus Spranger. Links Bartholomeus Spranger en rechts zijn vrouw Christina Muller. De twee portretten worden omringd door de personificaties van de vrije kunsten, het geloof, de tijd, de dood en de roem.
Woning met bewoners achter het raam
Object type: cabinet photograph
Date: 1880 – 1910
Materials: paper, cardboard
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: urban housing, adult woman, adult man
Fotoreproductie van een getekend portret van Jiddu Krishnamurti, door Marthe Antoine Gérardin
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1930 – 1935
Materials: paper
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: address: ‘AMSTERDAM.../ Weteringschans 78’
Veue de l'Abbaye Sainct Germain des prez
Object type: print
Date: 1652 – 1652
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: abbey, monastery, convent ~ roman catholic church, landscape with tower or castle
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent maakt deel uit van een ongenummerde serie van twintig prenten.
Six of Hearts, from the Transparent Playing Cards series (N220) issued by Kinney Bros.
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: playing cards

Playing cards issued as trade cards from the series "Transparent Playing Cards" (N233), issued in 1888 to promote Kinney Bros. Cigarettes for Kinney Tobacco Company. Some card versos state that there are 52 cards included in the deck whereas other versos confirm the number at 53. Each card verso reads, "Hold to the light/ Read your fortune."
Studieblad met vaandeldragers en een dansende vrouw
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1822 – 1880
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: reinier craeyvanger
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1812 – 1880
Subjects: head (human), woman dancing alone, standard-bearer, flag-bearer
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘vrolijk regtsgedrag’

Tevens studies van koppen en een man met een hoge hoed. Blad 8 recto uit een schetsboek met 45 bladen.
Pygmalion and Galatea
Object type: print
Date: 1593 – 1593
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: netherlands
Artist: hendrick goltzius
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1558 – 1617
Inscriptions: Lettered lower right: "I. Saenredam excu. Anno 1593. HGoltzius. Invent. et sculp."; and below image: "Sculpsit ebur niveum ... iuncta marita est. F. Estius."
Anamorfose van een vrouw met sleutelbos
Object type: print
Date: 1700 – 1850
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, hand coloring
Location: germany
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: anamorphosis, key
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2028
Staande man met kruiwagen
Object type: drawing
Date: 1763 – 1833
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: jordanus hoorn
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1753 – 1833
Gepunt onderdeel uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: fragment
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: copper
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Varied parts or fragments, points or pointed end fragments; fragm, sim. 80H535, rectangular in section.
Perspectiefoefening
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1815 – 1852
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen
Artist: jonkvrouw elisabeth kemper
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1799 – 1871
Subjects: mathematical perspective
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘om de schaal SP6 te maken./ 1 2 3 4 5/ 5/ 4/ 3/ 2/ 1’

Blad 8 recto uit een schetsboek met 94 bladen.
Gezicht op de Sint-Gertrudiskerk te Maarheeze
Object type: photograph
Date: 1911 – 1911
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: maarheeze
Artist: anoniem (monumentenzorg)
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: church (exterior)
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘R.K. kerk te Maarheeze (N.B.) Feb 1911/ wordt gesloopt’
Preliminary drawing for a relief
Object type: relief drawing, sebeknakhte
Date: 2124 – 1504
Materials: limestone
Location: egypt

Blocks of fine limestone were used to line the walls of the tomb chapel and provide a surface for the decoration. Visible on this fragment is part of a line drawing meant as the basis for a relief carving that was never completed.
Candlestick
Object type: candlestick
Date: 1770 – 1800
Materials: brass
Portret van Johann Ferber
Object type: print
Date: 1749 – 1757
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: leipzig
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Textile Design with Alternating Lozenges over a Striped Background
Object type: drawing ornament architecture
Date: 1840 – 1840
Materials: gouache
Artist: anonymous, alsatian, 19th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: alsatian
Artist dates: 1800 – 1900

Rectangular sheet of paper with a textile design from a group, dated 1840, made in Mulhouse, Alsace which was an important nineteenth-century center for textile production in the Haut-Rhin region of France. The design is made of alternating lozenges over a striped background of vertical lines of dark reddish-brown color over a light tan ground. The lozenges are of light tan color and framed by a border rendered with dark reddish-brown stipples. The lozenges are adorned with two smaller lozenges of different sizes, one over the other: the smallest lozenge is colored with white and the other one is colored with red.
Brief aan August Allebé
Object type: letter
Date: 1889 – 1889
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Artist: hendrick peter godfried quack
Artist role: econoom, geschiedschrijver, hoogleraar, jurist
Artist dates: 1834 – 1917
Subjects: amsterdam, draughtsman, august allebé
Inscriptions: watermark
Boerenkermis
Object type: print
Date: 1652 – 1656
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: haarlem
Artist: adriaen van ostade
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1610 – 1685
Subjects: pleasure fair and circus
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 567, collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228a, collector's mark: Lugt 2794

In een dorpsstraat vindt een boerenkermis plaats met veel vermaak. Boeren dansen en drinken bij een herberg en in de straat staan marktkramen. Twee kinderen spelen met een stokpaard en een bedelaar zoekt zijn weg.
Bottle
Object type: ceramic
Date: 1663 – 1663
Materials: earthenware, pewter
Techniques: glazing
Location: hungary
Is This Death - Antietam Battlefield, September 1862
Object type: photograph
Date: 1862 – 1862
Techniques: albumen silver print, glass negative
Artist: alexander gardner
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american, scottish
Artist dates: 1821 – 1882
Subjects: american civil war,horses
Evening boots
Object type: evening boot
Date: 1860 – 1869
Materials: silk
Culture: french

In an effort to protect their modesty and sense of decorum, proper ladies of the mid-19th century wore ankle boots when venturing out in public, even for evening events. This typical pair of 1860s boots for evening or carriage wear displays especially refined curved lines at the ankle and top edge. The large rosette adds texture and interest to the otherwise undecorated surface. The front lace was predominant in the 1860s, but was superseded by button closures in the 1870s.