deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
[Photo Collage: Cook at Charcoal Stove]
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1875 – 1875
Techniques: albumen silver print, lithograph
Artist: juan pedro chabalgoity
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: uruguayan
Artist dates: 1848 – 1909

The carte de visite, a format comprised of an approximately 2 x 4 inch photograph mounted to card stock, was perhaps the most ubiquitous of nineteenth-century photographs. The French studio portrait photographer André-Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri first patented the carte in 1854. His innovation of exposing not just one but eight photographic images on the same glass plate negative enabled cartes to be made cheaply and reproduced on a mass scale. During the late 1850s and throughout the latter half of the century, these economical keepsakes depicting portraits of loved ones, celebrities, monarchs, and foreign types circulated en masse and spurred a veritable "cartomania." Collected in albums, traded among friends, and admired in drawing rooms, cartes put photography in the hands of virtually everyone, and thus offered a means of reflecting upon one’s own social standing in an ever-expanding world.
Imagerie Artistique / Série 5
Object type: print
Date: 1876 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph, letterpress printing
Location: paris
Subjects: picking flowers, tales and fairy tales, nobility and patriciate; chivalry, knighthood
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 10 voorstellingen uit het verhaal van Guido de edelknaap die tijdens het bloemenplukken valt en zijn kleren vernielt. Onder elke voorstelling een onderschrift. Genummerd linksboven: Série 5. - No. 20.
Accordion
Object type: accordion
Date: 1870 – 1880
Culture: russian
Location: russia

Russia has a strong hand harmonica tradition, that of the garmonika, which comprises not only the accordion but also a variety of other types. Among them is the tscherepaschka, a small hand harmonica with the setup of the very early Viennese accordions, furnished with five to seven keys and with bass, chord, and air-release buttons. The instrument shown here—a semiklapanka (with seven keys)—is pitched in A (sounding g-sharp) and has the tonal system corresponding to the accordion to the left. One difference, however, is that the lowest note sounds at suction. The tscherepaschka was popular in Russia toward the end of the nineteenth century but fell out of use in the twentieth.
Rattle
Object type: rattle
Date: 100 – 200
Materials: bronze
Culture: italian, roman
Location: italy
Striding Thoth
Object type: ibis, striding, thoth, amulet
Date: 664 – 332
Materials: faience
Location: egypt

The god Thoth, the divine scribe, was associated with two animals: the ibis and the baboon. Either he was represented by these animals or his image combined a human body with an ibis head, as in this piece.
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1735 – 1735
Materials: silk
Subjects: fruit,flowers,leaves
Paid By the Minute. “- Driver, you are hardly moving! - Driver, you are not moving at all!,” plate 447 from Actualités
Object type: print
Date: 1857 – 1857
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: france
Artist: honoré daumier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1808 – 1879
Paul Cook, Catcher, Louisville Colonels, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,portraits,baseball,athletes

The "Old Judge" series of baseball cards (N172) was issued by Goodwin & Company from 1887 to 1890 to promote Old Judge Cigarettes.
Vogels in een park
Object type: miniature
Date: 1690 – 1710
Materials: canvas, oil
Location: amsterdam
Artist: willem hendrik wilhelmus van royen
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1672 – 1742

Schoorsteenstuk in de zaal van een poppenhuis; op de voorgrond drie sierhoenders en een roodgroene papegaai, in een parkachtige omgeving met rechts een vijver, fontein en uitzicht op een villa met koepeldak. Gesigneerd: W.v. Rooye. (Hendrik Wilhelmus)
Boot with Spur
Object type: sculpture
Date: 1870 – 1890
Materials: glass
Techniques: pressed
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: challinor, taylor and company
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1866 – 1891
Subjects: boots
Knife Razor
Object type: razor knife, dega
Date: 1550 – 1295
Materials: bronze, copper alloy
Location: egypt
Portret van koningin Wilhelmina
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1940 – 1940
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague, wilhelmina of the netherlands, historical persons, queen
Riverside Scene (Old Mill)
Object type: drawing
Date: 1805 – 1810
Materials: watercolor
Artist: peter de wint
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1784 – 1849
Subjects: human figures,ruins,fishing,rivers,trees
Saint Bartholomew (recto); Study of Drapery and Two Hands (verso)
Object type: drawing
Date: 1569 – 1632
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: highlighting, wash
Artist: carlo bononi
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1569 – 1632
Subjects: hands,saints
Gezicht in Amsterdam
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1896 – 1897
Materials: pencil
Location: amsterdam
Artist: george hendrik breitner
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1923
Subjects: urban housing, city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), amsterdam
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘12 ramen/ in het midden van/ de z-afdwaling[?]/ 2 ramen/ bord/ steen’

Vooraan een figuur. Pagina 23 en pagina 24 uit een schetsboek met 39 bladen.
Tama River in Musashi Province (Musashi Tamagawa), from the series "Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji (Fuji sanjurokkei)"
Object type: print
Date: 1858 – 1858
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing block, woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: utagawa hiroshige 歌川 広重
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1797 – 1858
Portret van Heinrich Pantaleon
Object type: print
Date: 1550 – 1699
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: adult man, historical persons, writing accessories
Groepsportret van jagers en helpers, o.a. Henry Pauw van Wieldrecht en Maarten Pauw van Wieldrecht, met het geschoten wild aan hun voeten
Object type: photograph
Date: 1896 – 1896
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: henry pauw van wieldrecht
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1863 – 1912
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘No. 1290. - 1896.’, annotation: ‘Vader’

Tweede van links Henry, zittend op de kruiwagen Maarten (rechts? links?)
Card 771, Annie Summerfield, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 2) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 2), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Superstitie of Bijgelovigheid
Object type: print
Date: 1644 – 1644
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: antwerp
Subjects: 'superstitione' (ripa)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Een oude vrouw heeft in haar rechterhand een cirkel van sterren en tekens van de dierenriem en in haar linkerhand een lange kaars. Naast haar zitten een nachtuil en een kraai. Op haar hoofd zit een vleermuis en onder haar arm een haas.
Portret van Jean Baptiste Treilhard
Object type: print
Date: 1899 – 1899
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: paris
Subjects: paris, politician, historical persons, politician, e.g. party leader
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Gabrielle Moisset
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1873 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Artist: ferdinand mulnier
Artist role: painter
Artist dates: 1817 – 1891
Subjects: historical persons - bb - woman, portrait of opera-singer
Vier geisha's vergezellen twee mannen tijdens het eten in een theehuis in Japan
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1896 – 1906
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: japan
Artist: kōzaburō tamamura
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1856 – 1923
Subjects: performance (+ artist in non-work situation), tea garden, garden restaurant, japan
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Dinner has just commenced, and the young dancer pours out the wine for the guests, while the other ladies indulge in general conversation.’
Gezicht op de Sint Urbanuskerk te Bovenkerk met op het water een zeilscheepje
Object type: print
Date: 1805 – 1887
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching
Location: nieuwer-amstel
Artist: elias stark
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1849 – 1933
Subjects: church (exterior)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Gezicht op de St. Urbanuskerk te Bovenkerk met op de voorgrond op het water een zeilscheepje en zwanen.
Fragment zijden fluweelbrokaat op gouden grond met granaatappelpatroon
Object type: brokaatfluweel, fluweelbrokaat
Date: 1450 – 1525
Materials: linen, metal thread, silk
Techniques: bouclé, relief velvet, satin binding
Location: italy
Artist: Anonymous

Fragment zijden fluweel op gouden grond. Dessin: op een door een gouden inslag georneerd fond verheft zich in wijnrood pili-on-pile fluweel en op sommige plaatsen gekruld goud, een patroon, bestaande uit een granaatappel, ombladerd in een groot gelobd blad, omgeven door een zware loofkrans, afwisselend met twee kleinere op dezelfde wijze versierde bladeren. Opmerking: vergelijk met bk-nm-12364.
Portret van Isaac Newton
Object type: print
Date: 1814 – 1814
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: physicist, historical persons, invention, discovery ~ science and technology
Work Table
Object type: furniture
Date: 1800 – 1810
Materials: wood
Techniques: veneering
Location: salem
Artist: Anonymous
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1700 – 1899
Subjects: furniture
Conversazione, and A Country Club
Object type: print
Date: 1806 – 1811
Techniques: etching
Artist: thomas rowlandson
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1757 – 1827
Subjects: satire,men,women
Ontwerp voor de bekroning van een staf
Object type: design drawing
Date: 1760 – 1780
Materials: graphite, ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Location: rome
Artist: luigi valadier
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1726 – 1785
Subjects: sceptre, staff (symbol of sovereignty), walking-stick, staff
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Ontwerp voor de bekroning van een staf, de linkerhelft met meer details dan de rechterhelft.’, watermark, inscription: ‘Peso P: 12 [?] Circa’

Ontwerp voor de bekroning van een staf, de rechterhelft met andere details dan de linkerhelft.
Anubis or Imiut fetish (see 14.3.19–.20)
Object type: shrine element, anubis imiut fetish
Materials: hair, linen, wood
Location: egypt
Portret van Frederick Richard Pickersgill
Object type: photograph
Date: 1853 – 1867
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: ernest edwards
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1837 – 1903
Subjects: painter, studio ~ photographer, portrait, self-portrait of painter
Bomen op een heuvel
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1893 – 1893
Materials: charcoal, paper
Artist: hermannus adrianus van oosterzee
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1863 – 1933
Subjects: trees, mound, verge

Tekening in een kader. Blad 20 verso uit een schetsboek met 23 bladen.
Buffet de salle à manger (Moderne Style)
Object type: print
Date: 1895 – 1935
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: furniture for storage

Ieder Livraison in de serie Le Garde-Meuble bevat negen platen: drie 'sièges' (zitmeubels), drie 'meubles' (diverse meubels zoals tafels en kasten) en drie 'tentures' (gordijnen en draperieën).
Vasi, candelabri, cippi, sarcofagi, tripodi, lucerne, ed ornamenti antichi disegn. ed incisi dal cav. Gio. Batta Piranesi
Object type: print
Date: 1778 – 1778
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: rome
Artist: giovanni battista piranesi
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1720 – 1778
Subjects: vase ~ ornament
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De 'Vasi'-reeks telt 110 prenten, verspreid over twee volumes met elk een eigen titelprent. Piranesi werd voor deze reeks geholpen door verschillende assistenten uit zijn werkplaats, waaronder zijn zoon Francesco die ook nog eens 8 platen toevoegde aan de reeks in 1779-1780.
Jacket
Object type: jacket
Date: 1860 – 1869
Materials: wool
Culture: american
Hat
Object type: hat
Materials: fiber
Culture: american or european
Een rijk gedecoreerde tempelpoort bij Pura Sangsit
Object type: photograph
Date: 1900 – 1915
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: jakarta
Artist: johanna hermina marmelstein
Artist dates: 1897 – 1990
Subjects: bali
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘20. Noord Bali. Buitenpoort van de poera te Sangsit bij Singaradja.’
Nihon meishô shasei kikô - dai isshû
Object type: book
Date: 1909 – 1909
Materials: paper
Bronze statuette of Aphrodite
Object type: statuette of aphrodite
Date: 1 – 200
Materials: bronze
Techniques: appliqué
Culture: roman

This figure represents an Aphrodite Anadyomene (rising) type, which became widespread in the late Hellenistic and Roman periods, and may derive from a famous painting by Apelles, the court painter of Alexander the Great.
Verschillende portretten van leden van de familie Graswinckel
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1925 – 1929
Materials: paper
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: anonymous historical person portrayed

Deze foto's zijn onderdeel van een album.
Brief aan Jan Veth
Object type: letter
Date: 1903 – 1903
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: the hague
Artist: abraham bredius
Artist role: kunsthistoricus, museumdirecteur
Artist dates: 1855 – 1946
Subjects: dordrecht, painter, print maker, draughtsman, designer, jan veth, berlin, wilhelm von bode
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
India occidentalis II
Object type: print
Date: 1591 – 1591
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, letterpress printing
Subjects: vomiting, (family) meal - cc - out of doors

Het eten dat in grote pannen warm gehouden wordt op het vuur wordt uitgedeeld en in schelpen geserveerd. Een man deelt de schelpen uit aan een groep mannen die op een halfronde bank zit. schijnbaar is het eten niet lekker want twee mannen spugen op de grond.
Elegantia, of tijdschrift van mode, luxe en smaak voor dames, December 1808, No. 64: Toque de Velours...
Object type: magazine
Date: 1808 – 1808
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, hand coloring
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: handkerchief (+ women's clothes), head-gear: toque (+ women's clothes), dress, gown: redingote (+ women's clothes), fashion plates
Inscriptions: caption: ‘Toque de Velours. Redingote de Velours.’

Volgens de begeleidende tekst (p. 384): Fluwelen 'redingote'. Toque van dezelfde stof en kleur (zwart of donkerblauw). Prent uit het modetijdschrift Elegantia, of tijdschrift van mode, luxe en smaak voor dames 1807-1814 (onderbroken door de periode 1811-1813).
Portret van Abel de Servien
Object type: print
Date: 1648 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons, diplomacy, diplomat
Inscriptions: number: ‘2’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228
't Slot te Medenblik, van de zuidzyde. 1726
Object type: print
Date: 1752 – 1792
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: haarlem
Subjects: castle
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 195

Prent ook gebruikt in: Het verheerlykt Nederland of kabinet van hedendaagsche gezigten van steden, dorpen (…). 9 delen. Amsterdam: Isaak Tirion en weduwe Isaak Tirion, 1745-1774, dl. 4 (1752), ill. 361-362. Of in: Nederlandsche tafereelen; of eene keurige verzameling van negen honderd fraaije gezigten van steden, dorpen, sloten, oudheden (….). 9 delen. Amsterdam: Jan de Groot, 1792, dl. 4, ill. 361-362.

Uit welke druk het huidige exemplaar precies komt is niet na te gaan.
Brief aan Jan Veth
Object type: letter
Date: 1902 – 1902
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen, printing, writing
Location: the hague
Subjects: dordrecht, painter, print maker, draughtsman, designer, jan veth, leiden, rembrandt van rijn, cornelis gerardus 't hooft, painting (including book-illumination, miniature-painting), plan ~ architecture, printed matter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Nederlands Water-Nood en verscheide bezoekingen
Object type: text sheet
Date: 1741 – 1741
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: dike-break, jaarsveld
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233

De dijkdoorbraak te Jaarsveld, 1751. Een jacht zeilt over het overstroomde land en langs verdronken dorpen tijdens de watersnood na het doorbreken van de dijken. In allegorische omlijsting met de Faam en vier riviergoden. Op het blad onder de plaat de uitleg van de voorstelling in versvorm.
Alkoven
Object type: print
Date: 1650 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france

Midden boven hangt een rond medaillon met een portretbuste, aan weerskanten staan twee Korintische pilasters.bUit serie van 6 bladen.
Fontein met meermannen en saterbeeld
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1713 – 1760
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: augsburg
Subjects: merman, vase ~ ornament, satyr(s) (in general), ornamental fountain
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Drie meermannen zitten links van een schelpvormige fontein, rechts houdt een jonge figuur de rechterhand tegen een waterstraal. Twee saterbeelden flankeren een vaas boven de fontein. Uitgeversnummer 36.
Ruïne van de tempel van Amenhotep III
Object type: stereograph
Date: 1857 – 1862
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: north africa
Artist: francis frith
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1822 – 1898
Subjects: the early christian churches, e.g. armenians, copts, syrians, capital (~ column, pillar)
Inscriptions: name: ‘Frith’, number: ‘C’
Gezicht van een man
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1906 – 1945
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: reijer stolk
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1896 – 1945
Subjects: face

Blad 9 verso uit een schetsboek met 42 bladen.
Post bezorgen
Object type: print
Date: 1868 – 1881
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: arnhem
Subjects: postal service, asiatic races and peoples, mail-coach, postcard, picture-postcard, postman, letter, envelope, dutch east indies, the
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met negen voorstellingen over post bezorgen in de voormalige kolonie Nederlands-Indië. Onder elke afbeelding een onderschrift in het Maleis en het Nederlands. Genummerd rechtsboven: No. 19.
Brief aan jonkheer Barthold Willem Floris van Riemsdijk
Object type: letter
Date: 1916 – 1916
Materials: ink
Techniques: pen, writing
Artist: august allebé
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1927
Subjects: maastricht, amsterdam, print maker, engineer, jonkheer barthold willem floris van riemsdijk
Stormpark Fort de Kock in Bukittinggi
Object type: photograph
Date: 1891 – 1912
Materials: paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: bukittinggi
Artist: christiaan benjamin nieuwenhuis
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1863 – 1922
Subjects: public gardens, park (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), summer-house, arbour, garden-house (dutch: 'theekoepel'), mountains
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Stormpark Fort de Kock’

Een aantal vrouwen in een overdekte zitplaats aan de rand van een tuin in Fort de Kock op Sumatra. Op de achtergrond is een vulkaan zichtbaar.
Bijeenkomst van goden op de Olympus
Object type: print
Date: 1599 – 1647
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: rome
Subjects: assemblies of the gods in the air, possibly on the clouds, olympus
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Johann Heinrich Linck
Object type: print
Date: 1728 – 1728
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: other non-personal regalia, e.g. mayor chain, historical persons, armorial bearing, heraldry
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, number: ‘3253 4c’
Fotoreproductie van een tekening van Girodet, musicerende goden, illustratie bij Apothéose d'Anacréon
Object type: photograph
Date: 1859 – 1864
Materials: paper
Techniques: albumen print
Subjects: gods ~ classical mythology
Dress
Object type: dress
Date: 1860 – 1869
Materials: silk
Culture: american
King Rail, from the Game Birds series (N13) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: birds

Trade cards from the "Game Birds" series (N13), issued in 1889 in a set of 50 cards to promote Allen & Ginter brand cigarettes.
Coin purse
Object type: coin purse
Date: 1790 – 1790
Materials: glass, linen, metal, silk
Culture: mexican

This coin purse, with its latticework patterning, floral motifs, and Spanish inscription reflects the confluence of European design and Spanish colonial workmanship in its design. It is part of the Mexican beadwork collection of over 600 pieces assembled by Elizabeth Morrow (1873-1955), mother of writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh, the wife of renowned aviator Charles Lindbergh. Morrow collected the objects between 1927 and 1930, when her husband, Dwight Morrow, Sr., served as U.S. ambassador to Mexico. She lent the collection to the Brooklyn Museum in 1938 and upon her death, her children donated it. A collection of 155 pieces of Mexican ceramics and other decorative arts were given to Amherst College, her husband's alma mater. Mrs. Morrow collected Mexican beadwork, along with other examples of colonial and native arts, to decorate their country home in Cuernavaca in order to promote a more peaceful image of that country through its works. The Morrows sought to overturn the perception of post-revolutionary Mexico as a violent and unstable nation by highlighting the richness and diversity of its colonial, folk, and contemporary art. Glass beads were originally imported to New Spain (Mexico) from Italian and Asian sources via Spanish colonial trade routes. By the early part of the nineteenth century, Spain had suffered the loss of almost all of its colonies and with the succeeding establishment of free trade British ships undertook the importation of beads to Mexico. Many of the design influences on the bags and cases in the collection came from Europe; patterns for beadwork designs came from contemporary fashion publications such as "La Dama Elegante."
Portret van Cuthbert Collingwood
Object type: print
Date: 1805 – 1805
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: london
Subjects: historical persons, commander-in-chief, admiral
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Pair of seven-light candelabra (candélabres or girandoles)
Object type: candelabrum
Date: 1790 – 1790
Materials: gilt bronze, marble
Subjects: grapes

Candelabra became more and more elaborate during the course of the eighteenth century and were frequently cast of gilt bronze. Monumental in size, this pair meant to hold seven candles is very complex in its design. Arranged in two tiers of three branches and with an additional arm at the top, the model incorporates two sets of animal feet as its support, lion’s paws and goat’s hooves. The stem is surmounted by female term figures, possibly maenads, and the scrolling branches on the lower tier each terminate in a jester’s head, with a tambourine serving as drip pan. In addition, eagle’s heads and coiling snakes surround a marble vase topped with fruits and flowers, which supports the four upper branches. Vine leaves and bunches of grapes are entwined around three of the candle arms, while the upper one is shaped like a thyrsus, the staff associated with Bacchus. The selection of bronze ornaments is unusual, and attention has been lavished on their casting, chasing, and gilding, which is partly burnished and partly left matte.