deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Portret van Francesco Angeloni
Object type: print
Date: 1568 – 1568
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: portrait, self-portrait of painter

Prent met andere omlijsting gebruikt in: Vasari, Giorgio. Le vite de’ più eccellenti pittori, scultori e architettori. Florence: Bernardo Giunti, 1568, dl. 2, p. 440.
Figurine
Object type: sculpture
Date: 800 – 601
Materials: ivory
Culture: iranian
Location: iran
Subjects: women
Composed Armor
Object type: composed armor
Materials: leather, steel
Culture: european
Location: germany

This is part of a large find of medieval armor discovered in 1840 in the ruins of the fortress of Chalcis, on the Greek island of Euboea (then a Venetian colony called Negroponte). The fortress had been captured and destroyed by the Turks in 1470. Now divided largely between the Ethnological Museum, Athens, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Chalcis hoard contains many rare and unusual elements of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century armor. Of particular importance are the variety of headpieces and the many fragments of brigandines (armor for the torso constructed of small plates riveted to layers of fabric), some of which retain portions of their original velvet covering. The Chalcis armor provides a unique picture of the armament used in the Aegean, one of the easternmost military outposts of the Venetian empire.
Op de actiehandel. De podagra van de Franse beurs
Object type: satirical medal
Date: 1720 – 1720
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: france

Zilveren penning. Voorzijde: man zittend aan tafel, waarop bekers staan, in stoel op wielen, achter hem man met fakkel en dolk, naast hem halfnaakte vrouw liggend op bank onder opschrift, binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: opschrift onder ster, binnen omschrift.
Weesmeisje geeft aalmoes aan en bedelaar
Object type: print
Date: 1850 – 1850
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: parts of church exterior and annexes: portal, beggar, giving alms; collection, orphans
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 12

Bij het uitgaan van een kerkmis lopen vele weesmeisjes door een kerkportaal. De voorste van hen geeft een aalmoes aan een bedelaar met naast hem een hond.
A Short History of General John Bankhead Magruder, from the Histories of Generals series of booklets (N78) for Duke brand cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: men,portraits

Miniature booklets from the "Histories of Generals" series (N78), issued in a set of 50 booklets in 1888 to promote W. Duke Sons & Co. brand cigarettes. Each booklet consists of 16 pages with covers.
De Priesterlyke Kleederen in Orden namalkander Aangedaan
Object type: print
Date: 1682 – 1682
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: high priest ~ hierarchy of priests
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie opgenomen in: Cunaeus, Petrus. De republyk der Hebreen, of gemeenebest der joden, 3 delen. Amsterdam: Wilhelmus Goeree, 1682, dl. 1, p. 170.
Liggende hond
Object type: drawing
Date: 1834 – 1911
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: jozef israëls
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1911
Subjects: dog
Designs for Basin Stands and Teakettle Stands, in Chippendale Drawings, Vol. I
Object type: drawing ornament architecture
Date: 1761 – 1761
Materials: ink
Techniques: wash
Location: london
Artist: thomas chippendale
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1718 – 1779
Subjects: furniture

Preparatory drawing for Thomas Chippendale's 'Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director'. Published in reverse as plate LV in the third edition of 1762, but created as early as 1761 according to the Act of Parliament on the print itself.
Salon des Fêtes, Hôtel de Ville
Object type: tissue stereograph
Date: 1864 – 1879
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print, cutting, hand coloring, perforating
Location: paris
Artist: jules marinier
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1823 – 1896
Subjects: palace - aa - civic architecture: inside
Red polished ware jar
Object type: jar, red polished ware
Date: 3500 – 3300
Materials: pottery
Location: egypt
Adam en Eva en een gehurkte man met gevouwen handen
Object type: page
Date: 1796 – 1796
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: london
Subjects: squatting, crouching figure, adam and eve (not in biblical context)
Inscriptions: : ‘* And vapid ; sense and reason shew the door, (...)’

Prent maakt deel uit van een boek, bladzijde 72. Tekst in het Engels op het recto en verso.
The Raising of Lazarus
Object type: print
Date: 1649 – 1649
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Artist: giovanni benedetto castiglione (il grechetto)
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1609 – 1664
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 460 – 450
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Artist: euaion painter
Artist role: artist
Portret van Carl Friedrich Bahrdt
Object type: print
Date: 1790 – 1790
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: johann gottlieb seyfert
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1761 – 1824
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Louis Philippe Albert d'Orleans, graaf van Parijs
Object type: print
Date: 1842 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: paris, earl, fashion, clothing, armchair, seat, head-gear, historical persons, ruler, sovereign
Inscriptions: check stamp: Lugt 1397c, check stamp: Lugt 4986, collector's mark: Lugt 2233, check stamp: Lugt 4979
Portret van Robert Jasper van der Capellen
Object type: print
Date: 1766 – 1833
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, engraving
Subjects: deventer
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portretbuste van de patriot Robert Jasper van der Capellen.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Object type: book
Date: 1886 – 1886
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print, printing
Location: basel
Artist: benno schwabe
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1841 – 1907
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘[...] Johannna Sailer-Bierlich im Freundschaft vom Verfasser’
Hide Fragment From Foundation Deposit 2 of Hatshepsut's Valley Temple
Object type: leather fragment, foundation deposit
Date: 1479 – 1458
Materials: leather
Location: egypt
Portret van Ernest Slingeneyer
Object type: print
Date: 1868 – 1868
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: auguste danse
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1829 – 1929
Subjects: painter, ernest slingeneyer, portrait, self-portrait of painter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, annotation: ‘2me état’
Boslandschap met ruiters
Object type: print
Date: 1787 – 1844
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: landscapes, 'en route', traveller under way
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Man en vrouw worden gewekt
Object type: print
Date: 1866 – 1928
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: netherlands
Artist: willem steelink (ii)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1856 – 1928
Subjects: (story of) minerva (pallas, athena), cradle, crib, waking up
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een man en vrouw worden gewekt door een vrouw op de rug gezien, mogelijk Minerva, met een medaille in haar hand. Links liggen twee kinderen in een wieg.
Geschiedenis van Tobias
Object type: print
Date: 1580 – 1596
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: the healing of tobit: tobias puts the gall of the fish on his father's eyes

De prenten in de Nova Zembla collectie zijn tijdens een expeditie van Willem Barendsz en Jacob van Heemskerk in 1596-1597 noodgedwongen in het winterkamp, het ‘Behouden Huis’, op het eiland achtergelaten. De prenten waren in één of meerdere stapels als handelswaar meegenomen vanuit Amsterdam. Bijna drie eeuwen later, in 1871, keerde de Noor Elling Carlsen terug naar Nova Zembla en vond daar de restanten van het ‘Behouden Huis, inclusief een groot deel van de inventaris. Een deel van de prenten, in de vorm van aaneengekoekte kluiten, werd toen ook teruggevonden. De papierkluiten waren soms op meerdere plekken gebroken. Tussen 1975-1979 zijn de prenten van elkaar gescheiden. Dit leverde in totaal ca. 1000 fragmenten van ca. 400 afdrukken van ca. 150 verschillende prenten op. Voor zover mogelijk zijn de fragmenten samengevoegd en zijn de prenten gereconstrueerd.
Emblemen in een landschap
Object type: print
Date: 1595 – 1600
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: ass, donkey, flogging, scourging (in public), arrogance; 'arroganza' (ripa) (+ emblematical representation of concept), isis, whip
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘Hinloopen’

Heuvelachtig landschap met een stad en de stadsmuren. Links op de voorgrond aanbidden enkele boeren een beeld van de godin Isis dat op een ezel wordt vervoerd. Naast de ezel staat een man die met een zweep het dier afstraft. De ezel denkt namelijk dat de mensen hem, in plaats van Isis, aanbidden. Dit is de verbeelding van een embleem waarbij het moraal van het verhaal waarschuwt tegen arrogantie en onverdiende eer. De prent heeft een Latijns onderschrift met het bijschrift van het embleem Non tibi sed religioni van Andrea Alciati.
Africa from a set of The Four Continents
Object type: tapestry
Materials: silk, wool
Artist: jean jacques françois le barbier
Artist role: designer
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1738 – 1826
Subjects: birds,pyramids,crocodiles,elephants,lions,snakes,zebras
Apothéose de Germanicus
Object type: print
Date: 1700 – 1799
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: predatory birds: eagle, historical persons, apotheosis of a ruler
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portretten naar Anthony van Dyck door Joannes Meyssens uitgegeven
Object type: print
Date: 1646 – 1670
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: antwerp
Subjects: antwerp, rome, print maker, draughtsman, cornelis de wael, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

De prent maakt deel uit van een zevendelige serie portretten naar Anthony van Dyck, uitgegeven door Joannes Meyssens.
Plate Ten from Nouveavx Desseins D’Arquebvseries
Object type: engraving
Techniques: engraving
Culture: french
Location: france
Artist: gilles demarteau
Artist role: engraver
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1722 – 1776
Subjects: ornament
Vita et Miracula Sanctissimi Patris Benedecti
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1658 – 1659
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: sébastien leclerc (i)
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1637 – 1714
Subjects: st. benedict miraculously mends the broken sieve of his nurse cyrilla

Maakt deel uit van een serie bestaande uit 33 prenten met voorstellingen uit het leven van de Heilige Benedictus van Nursia in ornamentele cartouches, uitgegeven in 1658-1659. De prenten zijn gedrukt van drie afzonderlijke platen bestaande uit de voorstelling, de cartouche en de tekst.
At the Chalons Camp: –Papa, why do they make the soldiers go out in the rain? –My boy, it is in order for them to learn to be under fire! from 'News of the day,' published in Le Charivari, August 19, 1869
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: honoré daumier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1808 – 1879
Subjects: boys,fathers,mothers,rain
De bespotting van Christus
Object type: print
Date: 1630 – 1630
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: antwerp
Subjects: mockings of christ, who may be blindfolded
Inscriptions: monogram: ‘GH’, collector's mark: Lugt 240

De bespotting van Christus door twee mannen, een man reikt hem spottend de rietstaf aan en een soldaat hangt hem een mantel om de schouders. Met vier regels Latijnse tekst in de marge onderaan.
Shoes
Object type: shoe
Date: 1740 – 1779
Materials: silk
Culture: british
Oudewater. Wijdstraat, antique gevel
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1905 – 1930
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph
Location: oudewater
Subjects: façade (of house or building), street
Dish
Object type: dish
Date: 1765 – 1766
Materials: silver
Artist: jean antoine bourguet
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1758 – 1785
Card Number 722, Fanny Moor, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-3) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-3), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the third subset, N145-3. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
The calling of St John during the marriage at Cana
Object type: painting
Date: 1530 – 1532
Materials: oil, panel
Subjects: the apostle john the evangelist; possible attributes: book, cauldron, chalice with snake, eagle, palm, scroll - vocation, conversion of male saint, the marriage-feast at cana (john 2:1-11)

In this night scene – a novelty in painting at the time – Vermeyen succeeded in creating a dramatic effect. Candlelight plays over the faces and casts dark shadows. For the flames, Vermeyen used gold leaf. He was well ahead of his time: only around 1600 did the nocturn as a genre become more widely known through the Italian artist Caravaggio.
Cachepot
Object type: cachepot
Date: 1775 – 1800
Materials: earthenware
Culture: british
Location: england
Subjects: grapes,children
Panorama van Mers-el-Kébir
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1880 – 1900
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: mers-el-kébir
Artist: étienne neurdein
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1832 – 1918
Subjects: landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone), prospect of city, town panorama, silhouette of city, mountains
Inscriptions: number: ‘264’
Poppetje van hout in Japanse kleding
Object type: doll
Date: 1900 – 2000
Materials: wood
Location: japan

Poppetje van hout in Japanse kleding op een houten plankje bevestigd.
Container with a Satyr (Nécessaire de table)
Object type: print
Date: 1525 – 1600
Techniques: engraving
Artist: rené boyvin
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1525 – 1598
Card Number 78, Lillian Russell, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-4) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cameo Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-4), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cameo Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the fourth subset, N145-4. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
Women Looking at Religious Tablets
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: chalk, paper, lead, pigment
Techniques: brush, heightening, wash
Location: italy
Artist: after lazzaro baldi
Portret van een man met hoed
Object type: print
Date: 1579 – 1665
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: head-gear: hat (+ men's clothes)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Allegory of Air and Earth
Object type: drawing
Date: 1618 – 1618
Materials: chalk, graphite, ink
Techniques: heightening, pen, wash
Artist: bartholomäus reiter
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1583 – 1622
Subjects: female nudes,allegory
Landschap met populieren in maanlicht en figuren rondom een vuur
Object type: print
Date: 1893 – 1893
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Artist: françois maréchal
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1861 – 1945
Subjects: landscapes, trees: poplar, moonlight
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Table screen
Object type: table screen
Date: 1750 – 1750
Materials: marble
Techniques: polychromy
Location: china
Artist: Anonymous

Spatscherm; heer en dame in westerse kledij met inscriptie.
Bombardement van Geldern, 1703
Object type: print
Date: 1727 – 1729
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: the hague
Subjects: johan willem friso (prins van oranje-nassau), john churchill (1e hertog van marlborough), siege, position war, projectiles, explosives, etc., bombardment

Het bombardement van Geldern door de Pruisische troepen onder generaal Lotthum in de maand oktober 1703. Zeer brede voorstelling (gedrukt van drie platen) vanuit het kamp van de belegeraars waar kanonskogels worden gefabriceerd en afgeschoten. Genummerd rechtsonder: Tom. II. No. 7. Illustratie in het tweede deel van : [Jean] du Mont, Oorlogskundige beschryving van de veldslagen en belegeringen, der drie ... wydvermaarde krygsoversten... den Prins Eugenius van Savoye, den ... Hertog van Marlborough, en den Prins van Oranje en Nassau-Vriesland, in de editie van 1729. Dit tweede deel is hoofdzakelijk gewijd aan de daden van de hertog van Marlborough en prins Johan Willem Friso.
Sauceboat
Object type: sauceboat
Date: 1759 – 1760
Materials: silver
Artist: william sheen
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1755 – 1755
Subjects: lions
Fortuin en de arme man
Object type: print
Date: 1778 – 1785
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: luck, fortune, lot; 'fato', 'fortuna', 'fortuna aurea', 'fortuna buona', 'fortuna pacifica overo clemente', 'sorte' (ripa), the poor, digging for or finding of treasure
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent bij: Gellert, Christian Fürchtegott. Fabelen en vertelsels. 3 dln. Amsterdam: Pieter Meyer, 1772-1774. De prenten bij deze publicatie werden later uitgegeven. De exemplaren uitgegeven door de weduwe Jacobus Loveringh & Johannes Allart tussen 1777 en 1778, de exemplaren uitgegeven door alleen Johannes Allart tussen 1778 en 1785.
De Jongen
Object type: print
Date: 1809 – 1809
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: reinier vinkeles (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1741 – 1816
Subjects: the ages of man, youth, adolescent, windmill in landscape, (flying a) kite
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Enkele jongens kijken hoe een jongen een vlieger in de lucht laat zweven. Op de achtergrond een molen en een rivier met boten. De prent is een illustratie voor een boek over de vier 'tijdperken' van de man, van het tijdperk 'de jongen'.
Portret van Ferdinand II van Tirol
Object type: print
Date: 1617 – 1617
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: ferdinand ii van tirol, historical persons, knighthood order of the golden fleece

Prent uit: Tooneel der beroemder hertogen princen graven ende krygs-helden van christenrijck binnen deze drij laetste eeuwen. Delft: Nicolaes de Clerck, 1617, p. 148.
Trade Card for John Steell, Carver, Gilder, and Printseller
Object type: print, trade card
Date: 1801 – 1900
Techniques: engraving
Artist: anonymous, british, late 18th–early 19th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1771 – 1835

This object is housed in an album of British trade cards from the collections of Bella C. Landauer, Ambrose Heal, and others. The term “trade card” is of nineteenth-century origin and refers to a card that advertises the services of an individual or business. Eighteenth-century trade cards were often printed on thin sheets of paper and referred to as “tradesmen’s cards,” “tradesmen’s bills,” or “shopkeeper’s bills.” During the Victorian era, trade cards were often reinforced on pasteboard and closely resemble business cards today.
Portret van Theodore Roosevelt met Eli de blauwe ara
Object type: drawing
Date: 1902 – 1902
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: new york (city), politician, ornamental birds: parrot, historical persons
Inscriptions: signature: ‘STE’
Candelabra Grotesque with a Winged Female Term on a Pedestal
Object type: ornament architecture
Materials: ink
Techniques: brush, pen, wash
Artist: anonymous, italian, 16th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1500 – 1600
Subjects: grotesques,ornament,mythical creatures

Candelabra grotesque, copied after a print published by Cornelis Bos around 1540. The design is characterized by a pedestal with stairs on either side, upon which a winged female term has been placed. She holds onto acanthus scrolls which meander towards the left and right side of the page. The term is flanked by sphinxes with wreaths of fruit on their heads. Aside from the decoration of the pedestal, the print has been copied in full.
Saumur
Object type: area plan
Date: 1638 – 1638
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, hand coloring
Location: the hague
Subjects: maps of cities

Prent uit: Tassin, Christophe. Les plans et profils de toutes les principales villes et lieux considérables de France (...). Parijs: Michel van Lochom, 1638, prent nummer 3 in het deel 'Loire'.
Portret van Cornelis de Witt
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1749 – 1759
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: dordrecht, the hague, cornelis de witt, historical persons, governor, etc. of province
Inscriptions: number: ‘1672’

Prent waarschijnlijk uit: Wagenaar, Jan. Vaderlandsche historie, vervattende de geschiedenissen der Vereenigde Nederlanden (…). 21 delen. Amsterdam: Isaak Tirion, 1756, dl. 14. Prent mogelijk ook gebruikt in latere edities van dit werk.
Portret van Margaretha, prinses van Lotharingen
Object type: print
Date: 1596 – 1659
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: argentan, margaretha van lotharingen
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent naar schilderij van Anthony van Dyck dat zich bevindt in de collectie van de Galleria Degli Uffizi, Florence.
Liefdespaar in een landschap
Object type: print
Date: 1682 – 1682
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: venice
Subjects: flute, aulos, tibia - cc - out of doors, couple of lovers, cupids: 'amores', 'amoretti', 'putti', landscapes - hh - ideal landscapes
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een liefdespaar in een landschap, beiden hebben een fluit in hun handen. Rechts spelen drie putti bij een boomstronk. De prent maakt deel uit van een 53-delige serie prenten naar schilderijen van Titiaan en Veronese.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix: Lip cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 560 – 550
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, reserved tondo; Obverse, part of an inscription and part of a palmette with a tendril; Reverse, handle root and parts of two palmettes with tendrils
Passe-tems
Object type: print
Date: 1833 – 1837
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithography
Location: paris
Subjects: recreation, amusement
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Scarab with Protective Sign
Object type: scarab, sa sign
Materials: stone
Techniques: glazing
Location: egypt
Subjects: scarabs

Many Middle Kingdom and Second Intermediate Period scarabs show a hieroglyph in the shape of a long and narrow loop. It is a stylized version of the sign for protection (sa) and is often mistaken for another hieroglyph, the loop or ring (shen) that is used to form words that refer to encircling, enclosing. The protective loop, whether represented once or multiple times, with or without other positive signs and symbols, thus bestows protection upon the owner of the amulet.