deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Hotel de Ville, Cologne, from Facsimiles of Sketches made in Flanders and Germany
Object type: print
Date: 1833 – 1833
Materials: chine, ivory, paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: england
Artist: samuel prout
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1783 – 1852
Dredger
Object type: dredger
Date: 1725 – 1726
Materials: silver
Subjects: animals
Enquêteformulier ingevuld door Pieter Ernst Hendrik Praetorius
Object type: manuscript
Date: 1841 – 1841
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, printing, writing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: amsterdam, pieter ernst hendrik praetorius
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Vraagpunten,/ van welke de beantwoording verzocht wordt, om daarvan het noodig gebruik te maken in het uit te geven Werk, getiteld: De levens en werken/ der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers,/ graveurs en bouwmeesters, van het begin der vijftiende eeuw tot heden/ door J. Immerzeel, Jr.’, watermark

Opgenomen in: Immerzeel, J. Jr., De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters, van het begin der vijftiende eeuw tot heden, Amsterdam: J.C. van Kesteren, 1842-1843.
Meubels
Object type: page
Date: 1787 – 1787
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: holborn
Subjects: furniture for storage

Genummerd: Pl. 78. Schaalverdeling in de ondermarge. Prent maakt deel uit van een boek.
Studio Fovetur Ingenium
Object type: print
Date: 1773 – 1773
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: reinier vinkeles (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1741 – 1816
Subjects: sybrand feitama (ii), honouring the artist with laurel wreath, parnassus, sacred to apollo musagetes, smoking pot as symbol of 'vanitas'
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Twee putto lauweren het borstbeeld van de kunstenaar Sybrand Feitama, dat op een sokkel staat. Op de grond staat een rokende pot, dat symbool staat voor zijn overlijden. Ook ligt er een lier en een rol papier. Links Apollo, de muzen en Pegasus op de Parnassus. Bovenaan op de omlijsting boeken en het eeuwigheidssymbool de Ouroboros.
Reproductie van tekening met portret van Karamjit Singh Sahib Bahadur, prins van Kapurthala, door Willem Witsen
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1915 – 1916
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: netherlands
Subjects: politician, historical persons

Voor schilderij van de geportretteerde door Witsen, zie collectie Dordrechts Museum (bruikleen RCE).
Portret van een onbekende man
Object type: cabinet photograph
Date: 1880 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: breda
Artist: franz reissig
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1852 – 1936
Subjects: adult man
Inscriptions: name: ‘F. Reissig Breda Ginnekenstraat B 129. Utrecht hoek Stationsplein en Westerstraat. De plaat blijft ter nabestelling bewaard.’
Wapenschild van Minema
Object type: print
Date: 1612 – 1625
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Tegenzijdige kopie, zonder de leeuw op de helm en met een leeg schild.
Vase fragment
Object type: vase fragment
Date: 670 – 330
Materials: terracotta
Culture: roman
Subjects: men
Een met ruiten gedecoreerde boog gedragen door vier hermen
Object type: print
Date: 1525 – 1594
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Subjects: herm: pillar with the head of mercury, patron of travellers
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Kopie naar prent van Jacques Androuet Ducerceau, ontleend aan een vlakdecoratie van Enea Vico. Blad uit serie met architectuurfantasieën en grotesken met fabelwezens, guirlandes, kandelabers en mascarons.
Bifolium from a Qur'an Manuscript
Object type: bifolio from a non illustrated manuscript
Date: 1401 – 1500
Materials: gold, ink, paper, watercolor
Location: india
Subjects: qur'an
Rijksmuseum - Amsterdam / 1109 Aert Pietersen Anatomische les van Dr. S. Egbertsz.
Object type: photograph
Date: 1890 – 1910
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: the hague
Subjects: picture, painting
Teatro delle Nobili et Virtuose Donne..., page 11 (recto)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1616 – 1616
Techniques: engraving, woodcut
Artist: isabella catanea parasole
Artist role: author
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1565 – 1625
Subjects: eagles,ornament

Written by Isabella Catanea Parasole, Italian, ca. 1575-ca. 1625, published by Mauritio Bona, Rome. From top to bottom, and left to right: Design composed of 5 horizontal registers that form a corner. First register is decorated with a flower that is attached to the inside of the corner. Second register is decorated with a pattern of foliage forming 'S' shapes. Third register is decorated with a pattern of coiling vines and flowers that flank a central foliage element in the shape of an 'X' with fleurs-de-lis at each of its corners and an eagle above it. Fourth register is decorated with an alternating pattern of right-side up and upside-down 'u' shapes. Fifth register is decorated with a pattern of flowers with encircling stems; the middle flower has a cross at its center.
Schaatser en verkoopster op het ijs
Object type: print
Date: 1866 – 1886
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: willem steelink (ii)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1856 – 1928
Subjects: stall, booth (~ market), skates (winter sports)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een schaatser op het ijs. Links een kraam met een verkoopster en enkele mannen aan de toonbank. Linksonder in de marge een schaats.
Twee foto's van prinses Juliana, op bezoek in Leiden
Object type: photograph
Date: 1930 – 1936
Materials: paper
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: leiden
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague, juliana of the netherlands, princess, leiden

Deze foto's maken deel uit van een album.
The Post Office
Object type: print
Techniques: aquatint, etching
Artist: thomas rowlandson
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1757 – 1827
Subjects: post offices,interiors,men,working

England had the world's fastest postal system in the nineteenth century. In 1809 mail coaches averaged eight miles an hour, including five minutes allowed to change horses. This office, housed in a seventeenth-century mansion, handled 170,000 to 200,000 letters weekly, sorting them between 4:30 and 8 pm and delivering them between 6 and 11 the next morning. The recipient paid the delivery man from 4 pence for 15 miles to 1 shilling and 1 pence for 500 miles. In 1840 the British postal system saved itself such complicated bookkeeping by inventing penny stamps for the sender to buy.
Financiële dwaasheid
Object type: print
Date: 1782 – 1782
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: berlin
Artist: daniel nikolaus chodowiecki
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1726 – 1801
Subjects: fool, simpleton, numskull, credit, banker
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Vervaardigd voor Sancta Clara's 'Centifolium Stultorum'. Latere staat gebruikt voor: Goettinger Taschen Calender vom Jahr 1783. bey Joh. Chr. Dietrich. Göttingen: Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, 1782.
Man en vrouw drinkend onder een boom
Object type: print
Date: 1830 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: couple of lovers
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 964
Paulus
Object type: print
Date: 1640 – 1680
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Subjects: the apostle paul of tarsus; possible attributes: book, scroll, sword
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233
Man en een vrouw bij een waterpomp in Algiers, Algerije, met daaronder vijf waterkannen
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1888 – 1893
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Artist: jules gervais-courtellemont
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1863 – 1931
Subjects: containers, utilitarian, public pump or water fountain
Temple de Jupiter, à Baâlbek (Héliopolis)
Object type: photograph
Techniques: paper negative, salted paper print
Artist: maxime du camp
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1822 – 1894
Subjects: architecture,columns,temples,ruins

Maxime Du Camp's mission to Egypt and the Near East in 1849-51 to make a photographic survey of monuments and sites is well documented in his writings and in those of his fellow traveler, Gustave Flaubert. After an initial stay in Cairo, the two friends hired a boat to take them up the Nile as far as the second cataract, after which they descended the river at leisure, exploring the archaeological sites along its banks. In July 1850 they left Egypt for Palestine, Turkey, and Greece before they parted in Italy the following April. Du Camp's album "Egypte, Nubie, Palestine et Syrie," published in 1852 and containing 125 photographs printed by Blanquart-Evrard, brought its author instant fame. In addition to the published edition, Du Camp arranged for a private printing of a few portfolios, such as the one in the Gilman collection, which numbers 174 images particularly noteworthy for their warm color and luminescence. Possibly printed in Gustave Le Gray's studio, the present portfolio is thought to have been in the collection of the architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc. A journalist with no experience in photography, Du Camp learned the craft from Le Gray shortly before his departure for Egypt.
Bishop's Gloves
Object type: glove
Date: 1676 – 1700
Materials: metal, silk

Liturgical gloves are traditionally made of silk knit and embellished with gold metallic embroidery. Worn by Roman Catholic bishops and cardinals during pontifical masses, i.e., those celebrated by the bishop, their color corresponds to the color of vestments worn during the course of the liturgical year. This classic example, which dates from the 17th century, is in fine condition and its green color signifies that the gloves were worn during Ordinary Time, the thirty-three to thirty-four weeks that do not fall within the Christmas or Easter seasons.
Girl
Object type: statuette
Materials: wood
Artist: leonhard kern
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1588 – 1662
Subjects: girls

The calm solid stance, substantial anatomy representation, and subtle movement of this compact little figure are characteristic of styl of Leonhard Kern (1588–1662), who from 1620 onwards specialized in carving statuettes destined for the Kunst- and Wunderkammern, or cabinets of art and curiosities, at the courts of Europe. Finely carved with marvelously precise detail of hair and facial expression, this statuette must certainly be an autograph piece by the master himself. This little girl’s shortened limbs and long torso are typical features of disproportionate dwarfism. It is disturbing to realize that during the early modern period, pleasure, both high and low, was taken in so-called “anatomical rarities” like dwarfs, giants, hermaphrodites, and twins. And they could be considered beautiful. Indeed, Kern’s choice of pose perceptively brings out the curving elegance of her features, the choice of wood enhancing their natural beauty. There was no early modern space better for the appreciation and enjoyment of the strange and wonderful than the Kunstkammer. Perhaps more valuable than marvels produced naturally were realistic imitations of them by the hand of skilled artisans. Not a literal record of life, the naturalism of Kern’s miniature representation of a miniature person is an artistic creation that emphasizes his technical and creative skills. A doubly virtuoso Kunstkammer object, the sturdy, delicate little body of this figure would have enchanted early modern collectors with its strange beauty, impressed upon them the magnitude of Kern’s skill, and stimulated both their intellect and amusement. The statuette’s quality is underlined by its provenance. Bought by a friend of Honoré de Balzac, Théodore Dablin, the statuette remained with the famous Parisian collector until his death in 1861, when part of the collection was passed to his god-daughter and part bequeathed to the Louvre. Dablin’s acquisition of this exquisitely carved girl marks him out as an early connoisseur of Kern, since her quality ranks her far above many of the other surviving statuettes of children made by this master-sculptor and his workshop.
Portret van de schilder Louis Somers, ten voeten uit
Object type: photograph
Date: 1861 – 1861
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: antwerp
Artist: joseph dupont
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1818 – 1901
Subjects: antwerp, draughtsman, louis jean somers, historical persons, portrait, self-portrait of painter, portrait, self-portrait of artist
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘ETABLISSEMENT PHOTOGRAPHIQUE/ de/ J. DUPONT/ Place de Meir 32/ ANVERS/ Maison fondée en 1853’
Ruiters op het plein bij de Bab Mansour poort in Meknès
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1923 – 1923
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: morocco
Artist: marius bauer
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1867 – 1932
Subjects: riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman, square, place, circus, etc., street (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)

Pagina 132 uit een schetsboek met 66 bladen.
Inzegening van koning Willem I in de Sint-Goedelekerk te Brussel op 21 september 1815
Object type: print
Date: 1825 – 1826
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching, hand coloring, lacquer
Location: brussels
Artist: johann nepomuk gibèle
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1775 – 1836
Subjects: the hague, berlin, william i of the netherlands, ceremonial celebration of installation of a ruler, interior of church, brussels
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Inzegening van koning Willem I na de inhuldiging in de Sint-Goedelekerk (de huidige Kathedraal van Sint-Michiel en Sint-Goedele) te Brussel op 21 september 1815. Kerkinterieur met de koning zittend op een verhoging links van het hoofdaltaar. Onderaan het wapen van koning Willem I. Onderdeel van een serie platen van de aankomst en inhuldiging van Willem I in Brussel.
Proof Line-Block Print for Fan
Object type: print
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: line block
Culture: japanese
Artist: utagawa (gountei) sadahide
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1807 – 1873
Subjects: men,women,boats
Border
Object type: border
Date: 1667 – 1733
Techniques: lace
Drie gouden sculpturen
Object type: page
Date: 1870 – 1870
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Location: paris
Subjects: peter i de grote (tsaar van rusland), frans i van valois-angoulême (koning van frankrijk), ghent, charles v (holy roman emperor and king of spain), monument, statue, equestrian statue
Inscriptions: name: ‘De Goupil & Cie Imp. Photoglytique Paris’, number: ‘1206 1207 1208’

Links: ruiterstandbeeld van Keizer Karel V, midden: standbeeld van Peter I van Rusland, rechts: ruiterstandbeeld van Frans I van Frankrijk.
Studieblad met een bloem, een ornament en twee katten
Object type: endleaf
Date: 1885 – 1898
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: amsterdam
Artist: george hendrik breitner
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1923
Subjects: flowers, cat
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘[...] Eggers, [...]straat 22/ kindertjes’

Pagina 66, achterste schutblad, uit een schetsboek met 32 bladen.
Compagnie van Amsterdamse schutters
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1875 – 1930
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the company, the unit, the troop ~ military service, amsterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1641b

Onderwerpsrubriek binnen de Atlas Amsterdam: Herinneringen aan de Schutterij.
Reproductie van schilderij "Der Kirchgang" van H. Salentin
Object type: photograph
Date: 1875 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: munich
Inscriptions: caption: ‘Photographie nach dem Originale.//GALLERIE MODERNER MEISTER//H. SALENTIN//DER KIRCHGANG//537.//Verlag von Fr. Hanfstaengl in München//Verfielfältigung vorbehalten.//Registered//Déposé’
De heilige Petrus en gelovigen
Object type: print
Date: 1660 – 1680
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Artist: marcantonio bellavia
Artist role: painter, print maker
Subjects: the apostle peter, first bishop of rome; possible attributes: book, cock, (upturned) cross, (triple) crozier, fish, key, scroll, ship, tiara
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De heilige Petrus, wijzend naar de hemel met zijn linkerhand. In zijn rechterhand twee sleutels. Op de voorgrond gelovigen die naar hem luisteren. Genummerd midden onder: XXXVIII.
Half Model of a 4-Gun Schooner
Object type: builder's model
Date: 1799 – 1799
Materials: wood
Location: rotterdam
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: zwerver (schip)
Inscriptions: label, bottom right: ‘391’ former inventory label, inscription, top centre, on a rectangular black label: ‘ZWERVER 1799’

Dit model is volgens de schoener van 4 stukken Zwerver, lang 80 voet, gebouwd door P. Glavimans Jz. te Rotterdam in 1799.
Sestertius (Coin) Portraying Emperor Severus Alexander
Object type: coin
Date: 234 – 234
Materials: bronze, copper alloy, metal
Culture: roman
Location: roman empire
La Course de Chars sur la Place Santa Maria Novella a Florence (The Chariot Race on the Piazza Santa Maria Novella in Florence), from "Les Caprices" Series B, The Nancy Set
Object type: print
Date: 1617 – 1620
Techniques: etching
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
De Ronde Passie
Object type: print
Date: 1517 – 1533
Materials: paper
Techniques: pen
Location: low countries
Artist: jacob cornelisz van oostsanen
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1475 – 1533
Subjects: pilate showing christ to the people, 'ostentatio christi', 'ecce homo' (john 19:4-6)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2165

Uit serie van twaalf prenten. Omlijsting weggesneden. Christus met doornkroon wordt getoond. Man houdt kruis vast, menigte wijst er naar.
David onthoofdt Goliat
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: venice
Subjects: david beheads goliath with a sword
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760, inscription: ‘H 100 6’

Goliat ligt op de grond. David heft het zwaard van Goliat boven het hoofd, klaar om Goliat te onthoofden. Rechts op de voorgrond ligt de slinger waarmee David een steen tegen Goliats voorhoofd slingerde.
Fibula, fragment
Object type: fibula, fragment
Date: 700 – 501
Materials: amber
Culture: etruscan

Cone shaped with truncated top and hole through it.
Ewer
Object type: ewer
Date: 1001 – 1100
Materials: glaze, porcelain
Techniques: incising
Culture: chinese
Titelpagina voor: Samuel Pitiscus, Lexicon Latino-Belgicum novum, s.a.
Object type: print
Date: 1725 – 1754
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: personifications of countries, nations, states, districts, etc., (story of) minerva (pallas, athena), low countries
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De personificatie van de Nederlanden met pijlenbundel en een leeuw en de personificatie van het Romeinse Rijk met een adelaar, een globe en de afbeelding van de wolvin met Romulus en Remus, houden een portret van Minerva in lauwerkrans omhoog. Een meerman valt neer bij hun voeten. Op de muur achter hen portretten in medaillons van figuren uit de oudheid en eigen tijd.
Cylinder Seal
Object type: cylinder seal
Date: 1640 – 1550
Materials: stone
Techniques: glazing
Location: egypt
Studies of the Head of Saskia and Others
Object type: print
Date: 1636 – 1636
Techniques: etching
Artist: rembrandt van rijn
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: dutch
Artist dates: 1606 – 1669
Subjects: heads,men,women
Bottle
Object type: bottle
Date: 1662 – 1772
Materials: porcelain
Culture: chinese
Pagoda and Case
Object type: pagoda and case
Materials: ivory, wood
Culture: chinese
Location: china

This intricately carved ivory pagoda was acquired in China by Samuel Shaw, who arrived in the port city of Canton (Guangzhou) in 1784 aboard The Empress of China, the first merchant ship sent there from the newly independent United States. Shaw’s tower is modelled after the famous "Porcelain Pagoda" of Nanjing, a structure that was synonymous with China for Westerners. The model replicates its distinctive nine-story elevation with tiered roof eaves adorned with small bells.
L'entrée d'une ville maritime
Object type: print
Date: 1739 – 1786
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: paris
Subjects: harbour, sailing-ship, sailing-boat
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van tsaar Alexander I van Rusland
Object type: print
Date: 1818 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: alexander i (tsaar van rusland), historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a
The actors Nakamura Shikan IV as Fuwa Banzaemon, Nakamura Fukusuke IV as the Maid, and Kataoka Gado III as Nagoya Sanzaburo
Object type: print
Date: 1885 – 1885
Techniques: woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: toyohara kunichika
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1835 – 1900
Briefje van J.A. van Huerne over een tarbot (1801)
Object type: manuscript
Date: 1809 – 1814
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Location: bruges
Artist: joseph van huerne
Artist role: kunstliefhebber, mecenas, verzamelaar
Artist dates: 1752 – 1844
Subjects: boney fishes: turbot

Notitie van J.A. van Huerne over een tarbot, 15 augustus 1801. Blad ingebonden in het zesde album met tekeningen van vissen, schelpen en insekten. Zesde van twaalf albums met tekeningen van dieren, vogels en planten bekend rond 1600, gemaakt in opdracht van keizer Rudolf II. Met toelichting in Nederlands, Latijn en Frans.
Gezicht op de haven van Boscastle
Object type: photograph
Date: 1899 – 1899
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: daylight paper print
Location: boscastle
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: harbour (+ view ~ vehicle, ship, etc.)

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met foto's van bezienswaardigheden in Engeland en Frankrijk.
Holland, wapenstuiver, 1734
Object type: coin
Date: 1734 – 1734
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: dordrecht

Zilveren munt. Voorzijde: tussen waarde-aanduiding gekroond wapenschild van Holland. Keerzijde: opschrift: provincienaam in drie regels, daaronder jaartal.
Boten in een haven
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1920
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: harbour, ships (in general), france
A picador on horseback stabbing a bull
Object type: print
Date: 1890 – 1910
Techniques: lithography
Artist: josé guadalupe posada
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: mexican
Artist dates: 1852 – 1913
Subjects: men,bulls,horses
Torso of Christ
Object type: sculpture
Date: 1167 – 1200
Materials: gesso, metal leaf, paint, wood
Culture: french
Location: france
Subjects: christ

This fragmentary but sensitively carved sculpture was for many years considered to be from a crucifix. The position of Christ’s body, however, which is bent slightly at the waist, suggests that the piece more likely was one of a group of sculptures that represented the Deposition, or the removal of Christ's body from the Cross. Despite major losses, the torso retains great sculptural power arising from the careful modeling of the body and the rhythmic patterns of the drapery. When discovered by George Grey Barnard near Lavaudieu, the piece was being used in a field as a scarecrow. The arms, legs, and (probably) head were originally separate pieces held in place by dowels in mortise-and-tenon joints. The original paint is obscured by a fourteenth-century overpainting. Examination has revealed that one layer of the loincloth was originally lapis lazuli blue studded with applied tin leaf and a brilliant red lining.