deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Degen met gebeiteld ijzeren gevest
Object type: sword
Date: 1655 – 1665
Materials: iron
Techniques: printing, embroidery
Location: unknown
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman
Inscriptions: mark, signature: ‘TOMAS (draagzijde) en DE ALLA (buitenzijde)’

Het gevest is gebeiteld met voornamelijk ruiters en paarden: een ajour bewerkt paard op de vuistbeugel, groteske maskers in de vorm van een hondenkop en op de stootplaat groepen ruiters, bovenop in bas-relïef, onderop in hoogreliëf; de greep is omwonden met een authentieke greepwikkeling van koperdraad met aan weerszijden gevlochten greepringen. De tweesnijdige kling met ruitvormige doorsnede heeft op elk vlak een diepe in het midden liggende geul met de gestempelde signaturen TOMAS en DE ALLA, en een globe precies onder de geul.
Dodendans
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1680 – 1680
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: antwerp
Subjects: archbishop, bishop, etc. (roman catholic), dance of death; death together with one or more human beings, hourglass
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Een bisschop loopt gearmd met de Dood door een landschap met schapen. Voor hun op de grond staat een zandloper.
Bracelet or anklet with lions
Object type: bracelet
Date: 800 – 601
Materials: bronze
Culture: iranian
Location: iran, probably from luristan
Subjects: lions
Ex Libris of Eduard Arnhold
Object type: print
Artist: max klinger
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1857 – 1920
Subjects: women
Ontwerp voor versierde initialen H, N, T, Z, A, D en W
Object type: design
Date: 1898 – 1898
Materials: cardboard, paint, ink, pencil, paper
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: willem wenckebach
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1860 – 1937
Subjects: initial, foliage, tendrils, branches ~ ornament
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a

Ontwerp voor zeven initialen versierd met bladmotieven.
Self-portrait of Richard Parkes Bonington
Object type: print
Date: 1847 – 1847
Techniques: etching, roulette
Artist: frédéric villot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1809 – 1875
Subjects: men,self-portraits
Man te paard jaagt op wild zwijn
Object type: print
Date: 1505 – 1553
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: germany
Artist: lucas cranach (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1472 – 1553
Subjects: hunter, hoofed animals: boar
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Man te paard jaagt in een bos op een wild zwijn dat opgejaagd en aangevallen wordt door twee honden. De man trekt zijn zwaard om het dier te doden. Rechtsboven hangen in een boom twee schilden met het keurvorstelijk en hertogelijk wapen van Saksen.
Gezicht op 't Huys Dever te Lisse
Object type: photograph
Date: 1890 – 1890
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: lisse
Artist: anoniem (monumentenzorg)
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: castle, landscape with ruins
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Dever bij Lisse/ Lisse’, annotation: ‘Het huis Dever bij Lisse/ Mei 1890’
Straatmuzikanten
Object type: print
Date: 1925 – 1925
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: johan van hell
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1889 – 1952
Subjects: musician - cc - out of doors
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Een ocarinaspeler, een accordeonist en een drummer op straat. De drummer rookt een sigaret. Op zijn drumstel de beeltenis van een vrouw.
Tuin op Ma retraite
Object type: photograph
Date: 1903 – 1910
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: suriname
Artist: hendrik doijer
Artist role: engineer
Artist dates: 1863 – 1925
Subjects: suriname
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘D3 / Tuin op Ma retraite.’

Gezicht in de tuin met aangeplante bomen en struiken op de plantage Ma retraite. Onderdeel van het fotoalbum Souvenir de Voyage (deel 2), over het leven van de familie Doijer in en rond de plantage Ma Retraite in Suriname in de jaren 1903-1910.
Voorgevel van het Palais Jacques-Cœur te Bourges
Object type: photograph
Date: 1875 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: paris
Subjects: monument, statue, hôtel, i.e. small palace in city, façade (of house or building)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘KUNSTNIJVERHEIDSCHOOL <BR />QUELLINUS <BR />AMSTERDAM <BR />FRANS HALSSTRAAT 14.’, inscription: ‘CWN.’, collector's mark: ‘INSTITUUT VOOR KUNST- <BR />NIJVERHEIDSONDERWIJS <BR />GABRIËL METSUSTRAAT No. 16. <BR />AMSTERDAM’, inscription: ‘Gothische Kunst - Frankrijk. <BR />Voormalig woonhuis van Jacques Coeur (...) De figuren in de zijvensters van de middenpartij zijn van steen.’, name: ‘J. KUHN, Editeur, <BR />220, Rue de Rivoli. PARIS’
Portret van een vrouw met parels in het haar
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1696 – 1696
Materials: paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: hendrick van beaumont
Artist role: draughtsman
Subjects: historical persons (portraits and scenes from the life)

Portret in een ovaal. Blad 78 recto uit een schetsboek met 91 bladen.
May Day Celebrations at Xeuilley
Object type: drawing
Date: 1624 – 1625
Materials: ink
Techniques: brush, pen, wash
Location: france
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
Subjects: human figures,villages,dancing,trees
Frontispiece, plate 1 from "Les Misères et les Mal-Heures de la Guerre" (The Miseries and Misfortunes of War)
Object type: print
Date: 1633 – 1633
Techniques: etching
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
Portret van Philipp Jacob Spener
Object type: print
Date: 1675 – 1799
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: berlin, philipp jacob spener, theologian, historical persons
Hall of Quiet Study
Object type: drawing
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: watercolor
Artist: anonymous, chinese, canton, 19th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: chinese
Artist dates: 1800 – 1900
Subjects: painting,interiors,tables
Liverdun
Object type: print
Date: 1858 – 1858
Materials: chine, ink, paper
Techniques: printmaking, etching, printing
Artist: james mcneill whistler
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1834 – 1903
Subjects: houses,cows

Whistler visited Liverdun, a town on the Moselle, near the start of a summer Rhineland tour in 1858. He traveled by train between Nancy and Strasbourg, making sketches and a few etchings, including the present work. Here, old farm buildings frame a yard and establish what would become a favorite formal arrangement. Roofs and walls are punctuated with shadowed openings to create a play of lights and darks enlivened with the lightly etched forms of farm workers, ladders and a cart. A white cow walks out of the space at right, and broad expanses below and above suggest ground and sky. This composition was one included in "Douze eau-fortes d'apres Nature" (known as the "French Set"), the artist's first published work, issued in November 1858.
Connecting south central girder
Object type: page
Date: 1809 – 1889
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: united kingdom
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: building materials, bridge, building-site
Inscriptions: number: ‘Plate XXXV.’, inscription: ‘It was at this stage (...) the south central girder completed.’
Man met twee gevleugelde paarden
Object type: print
Date: 1892 – 1892
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Location: edinburgh
Subjects: adult man, fabulous animals ~ hoofed animals: winged horse
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent uit: Crane, Walter. The claims of decorative art. Londen: Lawrence & Bullen, 1892, p. 123-124.
Reproductie van een schilderij van een paard door Charles Lutyens
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1874 – 1879
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: horse
Zelfportret
Object type: print
Date: 1703 – 1785
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: vienna
Artist: adam von bartsch
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1757 – 1821
Subjects: vienna, print maker, adam von bartsch, portrait, self-portrait of artist
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Ingenieur
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1719 – 1719
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: handicrafts, craftsman at work, engineering
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1641, stamp

Op een stadswal zijn een ingenieur en een medewerker bezig met opmetingen. Op de achtergrond zijn voorbeelden van zijn werk te zien, zoals: verdedigingswerken om legerkampen, steden en vestingen. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Handel, Nijverheid en Verkeer, Beroep en bedrijf, Complete suites.
Omlijsting met Armoede, Kuisheid, Gehoorzaamheid en Onthouding
Object type: print
Date: 1550 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: 'obedienza verso dio' (ripa), sobriety; 'sobrietà', 'astinenza' (ripa), 'castità ', 'pudicitia', 'vergogna honesta' (ripa), poverty; 'povertà', 'povertà del doni', 'povertà in uno ch'habbia bell'ingegno' (ripa)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een ornamentele omlijsting met vier cartouches met de personificaties Armoede (Paupertas), Kuisheid (Castitas), Gehoorzaamheid (Obedientia) en Onthouding (Abstinentia). Aan de onderzijde een cartouche met zes knielende mannen rondom een man met boek en stralenkrans. Aan de bovenzijde een cartouche met titel Caritas (Liefde) en een banderol met spreuk.
Portret van Pierre du Moulin
Object type: print
Date: 1600 – 1750
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: minister ~ government, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Cylinder seal with monster contest scene
Object type: cylinder seal
Date: 900 – 701
Materials: jasper
Culture: babylonian
Location: mesopotamia
Subjects: animals,bow and arrow,men
Handvat van een priem of een beitel uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: chisel
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: wood
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Tools and instruments, various tools, awl/chisel handle; swollen rounded upper end, tapering towards straight lower end, circular in section, with traces of metal ferrule, circular tang cavity.
Antitragus
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1880 – 1893
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: france
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: ears, france
Inscriptions: number: ‘Planche 54.’, number: ‘1. (...) 12.’, inscription: ‘inclinaison : horizontale ; intermédiaire ; oblique. (...) Dimension : petit ; moyen ; grand.’
A Procession
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1610 – 1610
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: france
Artist: ambroise dubois
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1543 – 1614
Allegory of Autumn
Object type: painting
Date: 1753 – 1753
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: françois boucher
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1703 – 1770
Subjects: apples,grapes,putti,allegory
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1872 – 1886
Materials: cotton
Subjects: flowers
Hulp voor Transvaal en Vrijstaat, en werkeloosheid in Nederland
Object type: cartoon
Date: 1900 – 1900
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: johan braakensiek
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1858 – 1940
Subjects: politician, personifications of countries, nations, states, districts, etc., taxes and financial administration, political caricatures and satires

De Nederlandse maagd wil de strijd van de Zuid-Afrikaanse republieken financieel steunen maar wordt door Kruger erop gewezen dat zorg voor de landgenoten voor gaat. President Steyn kijkt toe.
Portret van Filips III, koning van Spanje
Object type: print
Date: 1626 – 1626
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: filips iii (koning van spanje), historical persons, knighthood order of the golden fleece, insignia and symbols of sovereignty (crown, diadem, sceptre, orb, seal, standard, cloak, pectoral)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Gestorven de 31 Maart A 1621 in de Hooftstad Madrid in Spanje’

Prent mogelijk uit: Gysius, Johannes. Oorspronck ende voortgang der Neder-landscher beroerten (...). Delft: Jan Andriesz. Cloeting, 1626.
Block
Object type: block
Date: 1861 – 1861
Materials: iron, fiber, wood
Techniques: galvanization
Location: flushing
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘16 / 1861’

Tweeschijfs gordingblok volgens de voorschriften van 1865, met dubbele ijzerdraad strop en ijzerdraad bindsel en een ronde kous; 16 cm blok.
Zomerweelde
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1849 – 1891
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Location: netherlands
Subjects: cow, water meadows
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Dorpsgezicht met kerk
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1879 – 1879
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: theo hanrath
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1853 – 1883
Subjects: prospect of village, silhouette of village

Blad 14 recto uit een schetsboek met 27 bladen.
Zadeltas, dubbel, versierd met rasterwerk waarbinnen hakenkruisbloemen
Object type: zadeltas
Date: 1800 – 1975
Materials: wool
Location: kurdistan

Dubbele zadeltas van geknoopte wol, Jaffi Kurdistan, vroeger Mosul. De voorzijden zijn door een raster in grote ruiten verdeeld, waarop telkens een kruisbloem met haken staat. Randen met een blokjeszigzaglijn. Geborduurde en in spleten gedeelde baarden in vlakweefsel, bedoeld als sluiting met de tegenover aangebrachte lange lussen van gevlochten geitenhaar. Achterkant van vlak weefsel met brede strepen.
Bird Shaped Whistle
Object type: whistle
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: pottery
Culture: native american
Location: united states
[Studio Portrait: Two Laundresses, Naples]
Object type: carte de visite
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: giorgio conrad
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist nationality: italian, born switzerland
Artist dates: 1827 – 1889
Subjects: portraits,women

The carte de visite, composed of a print of approximately 2 x 4 inches mounted to card stock, is perhaps the most ubiquitous form of nineteenth-century photography. From the late 1850s through the latter half of the century, these economical keepsakes circulated en masse and spurred a veritable “cartomania.” This is an example of those distributed by the commercial photography studios of Conrad in Naples and Ponti in Venice, depicting occupational “types” related to those cities, such as a hooded member of a religious confraternity, a masked Pulcinella (a stock theater character), a musician, a water carrier, and an oyster shucker, among others. While these stereotypical images charmed tourists interested in foreign customs, they also appealed to a growing clientele of middle-class Italians as a means of reflecting on their own social standing.
Laokoongruppe.
Object type: photograph
Date: 1897 – 1897
Materials: cardboard, paper, ink
Techniques: photograph
Location: munich
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: laocoon and his twin sons are strangled by two serpents during the preparations for a sacrifice, sculpture
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 3937, number: ‘No. 38.’, inscription:
Bezoek Mussert aan Haarlem
Object type: photograph
Date: 1941 – 1941
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: haarlem
Subjects: leiden, amsterdam, painter, print maker, draughtsman, rembrandt van rijn, the hague, politician, anton adriaan mussert, haarlem

Mussert brengt een bezoek aan Haarlem en wordt ontvangen op het stadhuis door de NSB burgemeester S.L.A. Plekker, lid sinds 1932 en sinds 10 maart 1941 burgemeester van Haarlem. Achter Mussert zijn adjudant Kessler. De heren staan in de hal en de burgemeester wijst Mussert iets aan.
Studie van een linkervoet
Object type: drawing
Date: 1770 – 1825
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: simon andreas krausz
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1760 – 1825
Subjects: foot
Kind en een man met een koffer in de hand, Verenigde Staten
Object type: photograph
Date: 1900 – 1920
Materials: paper
Techniques: cyanotype
Location: united states
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: adult man, child, historical persons, united states of america

Onderdeel van Fotoalbum met 53 cyanotypieën van kinderen, paarden, huizen, boten en strandtaferelen in de Verenigde Staten.
Snuff Bottle with Horse Rider
Object type: snuff bottle
Date: 1821 – 1850
Materials: coral, enamel, porcelain
Culture: chinese
Subjects: dogs,horses
Meer in een berglandschap
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1834 – 1906
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: maria vos
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1906
Subjects: landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone), mountains
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Demartines III 85/ A. CALAME PT’

Losse tekening tussen het voorste schutblad en pagina 1 van een schetsboek met 39 bladen.
A pair of young men dancing for a crowd of older people
Object type: print
Date: 1880 – 1910
Techniques: lithography
Artist: josé guadalupe posada
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: mexican
Artist dates: 1852 – 1913
Subjects: men,dancing,crowd
Agnes Stone as "The Morning Glory," from the series Fancy Dress Ball Costumes (N73) for Duke brand cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Fancy Dress Ball Costumes" series (N73), issued in a set of 50 cards in 1889 to promote W. Duke Sons & Co. brand cigarettes.
Hond en aap op terras
Object type: print
Date: 1849 – 1859
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: arie ketting de koningh
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1815 – 1867
Subjects: monkeys, apes, terrace, dog
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De aap zit naast een tuinvaas en heeft een appel in zijn poot. Rechts ligt een kleed over de balustrade.
Tussenzetsel van kloskant met spitsovaaltje tussen twee ronde vormen
Object type: strip
Date: 1640 – 1660
Materials: linen
Techniques: lace
Location: antwerp
Artist: Anonymous

Tussenzetsel van naturelkleurige Hollandse kloskant. Met kleine uitsparingen is een zich herhalend patroon te onderscheiden van een spitsovaaltje die afwisselend boven- of onderaan tussen twee iets grotere ronde vormen is geklemd. Er is nauwelijks sprake van een grond. De motieven zijn gemaakt in linnenslag met opengewerkte randjes. Boven- en onderzijde zijn recht afgewerkt.
Hemelbed
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1820 – 1820
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: paris
Subjects: decorative furniture, ornaments ~ art, four poster bed

Ornamentprent met een hemelbed en enkele wandmeubels. Onderdeel (17e. Cah. f.le 25) van het prentalbum met twee series van in totaal 138 ornamentprenten door Beauvallet en Normand, 'Fragmens d'Ornemens dans le Style Antique'.
Card 698, Maud Wentworth, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 2) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: portraits,profiles,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 2), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Adoration of the Shepherds
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: italy
Artist: after pier leone ghezzi
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1674 – 1755
Deep bowl
Object type: bowl
Date: 1201 – 1400
Materials: glaze, stoneware
Culture: chinese
Artist: chinese
Artist role: artist
Gold Belt Mount with Loop
Object type: belt mount
Materials: gold
Techniques: casting
Culture: avar

The treasure contains an array of belt fittings, some elaborately decorated, some unfinished or defectively cast. Some show no signs of use, while others are quite worn. The Avars The Avars were a nomadic tribe of mounted warriors from the Eurasian steppe. The Byzantine emperor Justinian negotiated with them in the sixth century to protect the Empire’s northern border along the Black Sea. Emboldened by their subjugation of numerous tribes, they unsuccessfully attempted to seize the Empire’s capital, Constantinople. They remained a scourge of both Byzantium and the Western kingdoms until Charlemagne defeated them through a series of campaigns in the 790s and early 800s. All the money and treasure that the Avars had been years amassing was seized, and no war in which the Franks have ever engaged . . . brought them such riches and such booty. Up to that time the Avars had passed for a poor people, but so much gold and silver was found . . . that one may well think that the Franks took justly from the Avars what the Avars had formerly taken unjustly from other nations. — Einhard (ca. 770–840), biographer of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne, early 800s The Vrap Treasure Tribute payments from the Byzantine Empire and war booty provided the Avars with enormous amounts of gold and silver. Avar goldsmiths created work of exceptionally high quality and were counted among the Avars’ ruling class. This ensemble of objects, all found together in Vrap, in present-day Albania, would seem to attest to the wealth of the Avars. Why this varied group was brought together remains a mystery. Some scholars have suggested that these objects were part of a treasure belonging to an Avar chief; others have speculated that they were the materials of an Avar artist. Others question whether an Avar metalsmith made them at all and assert these objects to be the products of a provincial Byzantine artist.
May Ten Broeck, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 8) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 8), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Sponge Box
Object type: metalwork
Date: 1820 – 1820
Materials: silver, silver gilt
Location: denmark
Guillaume Xavier Labbey de Pompiéres (1751–1831), French orator and polititian
Object type: medallion
Date: 1829 – 1829
Materials: bronze
Techniques: casting
Artist: pierre jean david d'angers
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1788 – 1856
Subjects: men,profiles

Pierre-Jean David d’Angers was the most prolific and one of the most important French sculptors of the first half of the nineteenth century. Throughout his almost fifty-year career (1819–1856) David remained true to his conviction that sculptural monuments dedicated to the achievements of great men and women most permanently and vividly express the greatness of a people. He continuously sought commissions for monuments portraying historical and contemporary figures whom he admired in order to commit their contributions to posterity. His most famous public commission, the figurative pediment of the Pantheon in Paris (1830–1837), which commemorates great men and was dedicated by a grateful nation, exemplifies these life-long principles. David d’Angers extended his definition of public monuments to include portrait medallions. In the 1820s he dedicated himself to a personal campaign of creating contemporary and retrospective medallic portraits of illustrious sitters. By the end of his life David had executed almost five-hundred portrait medallions, frequently travelling great distances to model his sitters from life. The medallions most often were not commissioned. David himself chose whom he deemed worthy of inclusion into his medallic pantheon. David also did not profit from the portraits. He generally delivered his wax models to professional founders for casting and dissemination through sale.