deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Charity
Object type: figure
Date: 1770 – 1780
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: glazing
Artist: ralph wood the younger
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1748 – 1795
Subjects: boys,girls,women
Bulb Vase (one of a pair)
Object type: bulb vase
Date: 1889 – 1889
Materials: bone china
Techniques: gilding
Artist: minton(s)
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1793 – 2001

This pair of vases by Mintons are based on a model developed at Sèvres in the eighteenth century. Their manufacture just before the turn of the twentieth century points to Victorian England’s fascination with the revival of historical styles such as the French Rococo, a topic studied by the early feminist author Emilia Dilke.
Knife Handle (Kozuka)
Object type: knife handle kozuka
Date: 1615 – 1868
Materials: silver alloy, gold
Culture: japanese
Location: japan
Subjects: leaves
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1775 – 1780
Materials: silk
Folding fan
Object type: fan
Date: 1734 – 1766
Materials: ivory, mother of pearl, paper
Subjects: men,women,sheep
Schoolfoto uit het kroningsjaar 1898 op passepartout met een afbeelding van koningin Wilhelmina
Object type: photograph
Date: 1898 – 1898
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: groningen
Subjects: the hague, print maker, wilhelmina of the netherlands
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘GEBR. COHEN PHOTOGRAPHEN, GRONINGEN.’, inscription: ‘18 / 98 / W / Ter herinnering aan het kroningsjaar. / W’
Verkiezing van Maurits, graaf van Nassau gekozen tot stadhouder van alle opstandige gewesten
Object type: jeton
Date: 1590 – 1590
Materials: copper
Techniques: striking
Location: dordrecht
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague, maurice (prince of orange)

Koperen penning. Voorzijde: zes handen uit wolken houden gezamelijk een zuil vast, die op een bijbel rust en door een vrijheidshoed bekroond wordt; onder vrijheidshoed en boven bijbel: opschriften binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: twee ineen geslagen handen houden samen bundel van zes pijlen vast tussen opschriften binnen omschrift
Bowl
Object type: bowl
Date: 801 – 900
Materials: earthenware, glaze
Location: iran
Knife Handle (Lucretia)
Object type: print
Date: 1588 – 1588
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: belgium
Artist: theodor de bry
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1528 – 1598

These elegant knife handles (2014.1123 and 2014.1125) are a paired set printed from the same plate. Perhaps supplying front and back decorations for the same handle, both images include a nude female figure. The piece on the right depicts the ancient Roman figure of Lucretia, who was said to have committed suicide after being raped because she could not bear the dishonor brought on her family. Here she uses a blade to pierce her breast.
Folio from a Bhagavata Purana series
Object type: folio
Date: 1775 – 1800
Materials: ink, paper, watercolor
Culture: nepali

These two large format folios are from an important series of paintings illustrating seminal moments in the exploits of the young Krishna, as described in Book Ten of the Hindu epic the Bhagavata Purana. The large format is uncharacteristic of Nepali painting and can be attributed to the influence of Indian, probably Rajput, court painting styles. The rulers of 18th century Nepal claimed Rajput ancestry and their court culture emulated much that was understood as Rajput. This painting is part of an ambitious series numbering around 100 folios, now dispersed, which all display the same dimensions, the distinctive red border and the aerial perspectives onto complex architectural constructions, features shared with the later court painting of Udaipur. Folio I. Scene depicts Pradyumna (nee Kama, god of love), the son of Krishna and Rukmini, who had been kidnapped by a demon soon after his birth. As a young man Pradyumna finally defeats the demon with the assistance of Rati and her magical powers. They marry and together return to his ancestral palace of Dwarka, the setting of this narrative. Folio II This scene depict Krishna setting off by carriage on a hunting expedition with Arjuna, having departed Indraprastha palace, the home of the Pandava clan, and about to enter a wondrous forested mountain landscape populated by wild animals.
Ex libris van Oskar Leuschner
Object type: bookplate
Date: 1880 – 1935
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Location: germany
Artist: bruno héroux
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1868 – 1944
Subjects: (story of) mercury (hermes), book, man (showing himself) undressed, quasi-nude
Portret van Jean de Villiers
Object type: print
Date: 1588 – 1588
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: philippe thomassin
Artist role: print maker, publisher
Artist dates: 1562 – 1622
Subjects: historical persons, military orders, e.g.: knights templars, knights of malta, teutonic knights ~ roman catholic church
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Deze prent maakt deel uit van een grotere prent met vier portretten die later is verknipt. Prent waarschijnlijk uit: Veltroni, Tolomeo. Statuta hospitalis Hierusalem. [Rome: s.n., 1588].
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, unidentified subject; Exterior, meander
Portret van Serapio Cruz
Object type: print
Date: 1870 – 1870
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: historical persons, medals and other marks of military honour

Prent uit: Le monde illustré 681 (1870), 30 april 1870.
Bust of Surya (The God of the Sun)
Object type: bust
Date: 751 – 800
Materials: stone
Culture: kashmiri
Subjects: kashmir
Mythe van Meleager in wandtapijten uitgebeeld
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1714 – 1714
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: meleager kills two of his uncles, when they object to the gift of the boar's head to atalante

In een decoratieve rand met thema's gerelateerd aan het verhaal van Meleager. Deze prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Windsor Castle From Across The River
Object type: photograph
Date: 1842 – 1846
Materials: paper
Techniques: paper negative
Location: england
Artist: william henry fox talbot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1800 – 1877
Plaque: Man with Hand to Head/Nefer, Ankh, Nb
Object type: costume and accessory
Materials: glaze, stone
Techniques: glazing
Culture: egyptian
Location: egypt
Subjects: men, hieroglyphs
Lachende jongeman met hoed en een blad in zijn handen
Object type: print
Date: 1862 – 1878
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: louis jaugey
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1837 – 
Subjects: head-gear, youth, adolescent, plants ~ agriculture
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Op het blad dat de man vasthoudt en op tafel zijn knollen afgebeeld.
James McNeill Whistler
Object type: print
Date: 1874 – 1874
Materials: ink
Techniques: etching, lithograph, printing
Artist: percy thomas
Artist role: etcher
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1846 – 1922
Subjects: men,portraits,artists,brushes

Percy Thomas's print is based on a Whistler self-portrait, "Arrangement in Grey: Portrait of the Painter," ca. 1872 (Detroit Institute of Arts). The print was created as a frontispiece for the first catalogue of Whister's etchings, published in London in 1874 by the etcher's brother, Ralph Thomas. Wearing a smock and wide brimmed hat, the subject holds two brushes and is identified by his butterfly mark perched on the edge of the dado behind his shoulder.
Karnak, entrance to the temple
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1900 – 1907
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph
Location: karnak
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: temple, shrine ~ egyptian religion, gate, entrance
Waldo Frank
Object type: photograph
Date: 1920 – 1920
Location: united states
Artist: alfred stieglitz
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1864 – 1946
Inscriptions: Unmarked recto; inscribed verso, upper right, in graphite: W.; verso, center, in graphite: Smooth / R A; verso, lower center, in graphite: C - 32C

For more on the Alfred Stieglitz collection at the Art Institute, along with in-depth object information, please visit the website: The Alfred Stieglitz Collection.
Glass Fragments
Object type: fragment
Date: 301 – 400
Materials: glass
Culture: coptic
Location: egypt
Den Ridder Kessels, Commandant van de Stoomwalvisch bij de beleegering van Maastricht
Object type: cartoon
Date: 1830 – 1831
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: herman kessels, swimming mammals: whale, maastricht
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Spotprent op generaal Herman Kessels en zijn geraamte van een walvis, 1830-1831. De walvisgeraamte is voorzien van wielen en een stoommachine en bemand door Belgische opstandelingen. Vanuit de mond wordt een kanon afgevuurd. De titel verwijst naar de Belgische belegering van Maastricht in 1830-1831.
Terracotta oil lamp
Object type: lamp
Date: 467 – 600
Materials: terracotta
Culture: roman

Vessberg Type 20. Mold-made. Shallow, lentoid shape, with impressed decoration. Large, oval central filling hole, surrounded by a circular groove and broad band containing eight impressed circles with raised rings; towards the edge, a narrow band of impressed dots flanked on either side by a circular groove. The wick hole is placed outside the decorated area. On the uneven base, a disk pattern, poorly executed, comprising a central impressed triangle surrounded by dots, a circular groove, and another band of dots, with an impressed lines flanked by dots extending to front and back. Intact.
Portret van Johann, koning van Saksen
Object type: print
Date: 1849 – 1892
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: leipzig
Artist: august weger
Artist role: print maker, printer
Artist dates: 1823 – 1892
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Minerva en putti treurend bij een graftombe
Object type: print
Date: 1708 – 1780
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: mourning the dead, specific aspects, allegorical aspects of minerva; minerva as patroness, trireme, galley
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240
Effigies
Object type: print
Date: 1658 – 1679
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: italy
Subjects: cardinal, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent uit een reeks van onbekende omvang met portretten van kardinalen. De prenten werden vanaf 1657 vervaardigd in opdracht van uitgever Giovanni Giacomo de’ Rossi, waarna de productie werd voortgezet onder leiding van zijn opvolgers Domenico de’ Rossi en Lorenzo Filippo de’ Rossi, en ten slotte onder leiding van de Calcographia R.C.A.
Beachwear
Object type: beachwear
Materials: cotton
Culture: french
Portret van Pepijn de Korte
Object type: print
Date: 1565 – 1565
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: antwerp
Artist: jan molijns
Artist role: print maker, publisher
Artist dates: 1498 – 
Subjects: liège, historical persons, king, armorial bearing, heraldry

Prent uit: Dit is die afcoemste ende genalogie der hertoghen ende hertoginnen van Brabandt, (...). Antwerpen: Jan Molijns, 1565.
M'lle Couralet, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-8) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Duke Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1891 – 1891
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-8), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Duke Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the eighth subset, N145-8. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
Landschap met koeien in een weiland in Nederland
Object type: photograph
Date: 1885 – 1900
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous

Landschap met koeien in een weiland, Nederland
Ceremonial Headdress
Object type: costume and accessory
Materials: fiber, gilt, paper, silk, wood
Techniques: appliqué, braiding, embroidered, weave
Culture: ainu
Location: hokkaido

The Ainu people of northern Japan and eastern Russia are an aboriginal group that maintains a way of life separate from that of the mainstream culture in Japan. They have their own language, religion, and material culture, all of which had been suppressed until the later 20th century—even though anthropologists, ethnographers, and art historians have long been interested in studying and preserving their traditions. The Ainu are best known for their visually striking coats as well as carved and decorated wooden implements and headbands, baskets, mats, and other weavings.
Wachtende rijtuigen bij de Waterloo Bridge in Londen
Object type: print
Date: 1890 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching, intaglio
Location: london
Subjects: horse, bridge in city across river, canal, etc., passenger carriage
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, inscription: ‘proefdruk’, signature: ‘Witsen’
Portret van Janus Dousa II
Object type: print
Date: 1650 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: sebastian furck
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1600 – 1655
Subjects: the hague, janus dousa (jr.), historical persons, writer, poet, author

Prent mogelijk uit: Bibliotheca chalcographica. Heidelberg: Clemens Ammon, 1669. Of uit: Bibliotheca chalcographica. Frankfurt am Main: Johannes Ammon, 1650.
Kader
Object type: drawing
Date: 1884 – 1952
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: reinier willem petrus de vries (1874-1953)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1874 – 1953
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘R:MVS.’
Necklace
Object type: necklace
Date: 1000 – 1000
Materials: copper alloy
Culture: irish
Met planten begroeide heuvels
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1834 – 1906
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: maria vos
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1906
Subjects: low hill country

Blad 20 recto uit een schetsboek met 39 bladen.
Bread Plate
Object type: bread plate
Date: 1785 – 1790
Materials: porcelain
Culture: chinese
Location: china
Subjects: birds,flowers,coat of arms

This object belongs to a large dinner service (10.149.1–.248) bearing the Townley family coat-of-arms. The service, probably ordered by Justice Samuel Chase (1741–1811) of Annapolis, Maryland, displays the enamel-painted arms of Margaret Townley, Chase's aunt.
Portret van Maria I van Engeland
Object type: print
Date: 1893 – 1893
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio, retroussage
Location: france
Subjects: london, historical persons - bb - woman, queen, throne, flowers: rose

Prent waarschijnlijk uit: Gazette des beaux-arts 9 (1893).
Gezicht op de Munttoren in Amsterdam, met op de voorgrond paard en wagen
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1890 – 1895
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: four-wheeled vehicle drawn by one animal, tower, clock tower ~ monumental adornment, horse
Musketkogels uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: musketkogel
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: lead
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet
Dolmen de la Justice, Presles (Seine-et-Oise)
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1903 – 1918
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph
Location: saint-germain-en-laye
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: permanent exhibition, museum, megalithic chambered tomb, dolmen
Gezicht op het Damrak met de Beurs in Amsterdam
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1920 – 1950
Materials: paper
Techniques: rotogravure
Location: eemnes
Subjects: stock exchange, stock-market, canals, waters (in city)

Deze prent maakt deel uit van een omslag met tien prenten.
Acht cartouches
Object type: print
Date: 1620 – 1664
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: stefano della bella
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1610 – 1664
Subjects: protective weapons: shield, (human) skull, armour, ornament ~ cartouche
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Een cartouche met wapenrusting en een banderol met tekst. Achter het cartouche twee vlaggenstokken en bovenop een schedel met gevederde helm.
Design for Four Knife Handles with Title
Object type: print ornament architecture
Date: 1580 – 1600
Techniques: embroidery, engraving
Artist: johann theodor de bry
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1561 – 1623
Subjects: virgin mary,jesus

Panel with four different knife handle designs, with the title in a wreath at bottom center. The design at upper left shows Jesus and Mary in the house of Martha in an oval.
Double-bodied cruet with two spouts and flowerbands
Object type: oliefles
Date: 1700 – 1700
Materials: cobalt, glaze, paint, porcelain
Techniques: firing, forming, vitrification
Location: china
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: mark
Portret van een zittende vrouw, mogelijk Amanda Hedberg
Object type: photograph
Date: 1864 – 1864
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: johan isberg
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: adult woman, historical persons
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘[...]anda Carolnina/ Hedberg/ [...] 20 May 1835/ 1864_/ Amanda Hederg/ & Berman/ 1835’, inscription: ‘JOh. Isberg/ Stockholm/ Lalla Nygatan No. 4/ (...)’
Portret van Karl Friedrich Adam Graf von Görtz
Object type: print
Date: 1764 – 1804
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: peter haas
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1754 – 1804
Subjects: ornament ~ medallion, armour, historical persons, ornament ~ festoon, garland
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Bottle
Object type: bottle
Date: 1101 – 1133
Materials: ceramic glaze, glaze, stoneware
Techniques: incising
Culture: korean
Mole du port de Barletta
Object type: watercolor
Date: 1778 – 1778
Materials: chalk, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: louis ducros
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1748 – 1810

Tekening uit het album 'Voyage en Italie, en Sicile et à Malte', 1778.
Armorial window
Object type: armorial window
Date: 1734 – 1734
Materials: glass
Studie van een staande soldaat, op de rug gezien
Object type: drawing
Date: 1599 – 1649
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: Anonymous
Surcoat (<i>Jinbaori</i>)
Object type: surcoat i jinbaori i
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: felt, lacquer, metal thread, silk, wood
Culture: japanese
Location: japan
Vlag van Ragusa
Object type: drawing
Date: 1667 – 1670
Materials: ink, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush, pen
Location: france
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: flag, colours (as symbol of the state, etc.)
Inscriptions: number: ‘211 / CCXV / 215’

Vlag van de stad Ragusa (Dubrovnik). Witte vlag waarop de figuur van de heilige Blasius van Sebaste. Vlag op vlaggensteng en mastvoet. Afgebeeld op folio 108r. Onderdeel van een vlaggenboek met vlaggen uit Europa, Noord-Afrika, Nabije en Verre Oosten.
Fotoreproductie van een portret van een onbekende vrouw
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1860 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: adult woman, anonymous historical person portrayed
Two Horses
Object type: hanging scroll
Materials: ink, paper
Culture: chinese
Artist: unidentified
Artist role: artist
Subjects: horses,trees

Executed at the height of the artist's career, Two Horses is a study in complements: dark and light horses; earthen shoreline and rocky outcrop; and contrasting species of trees. Charged with distinguishing between truth and falsehood, good and evil, Qian's imagery seems to reflect the powerful contending forces with which he had to deal during his precariously balanced career. His distinctive use of shading to model forms reveals the growing impact of European engravings and painting techniques on Chinese artists of this period. A noted calligrapher who also specialized in the painting of horses, Qian Feng is best known for twice risking his life by bringing charges against unscrupulous officials linked to the Qianlong emperor's favorite, the notoriously corrupt Heshen (1758–1799). Since the connoisseurship of fine horses was a metaphor for the ability to judge and select men for government service, Qian's artistic specialization was particularly appropriate in light of his official duties, which required him to evaluate the performance of his peers in the bureaucracy.
Tassel
Object type: textile
Materials: textile, cotton
Techniques: weave
Location: peru
Egg cup
Object type: egg cup
Date: 1786 – 1787
Materials: silver
Italiaanse schrijfletters
Object type: calligraphy
Date: 1770 – 1808
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: jan brandes
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1743 – 1808
Subjects: calligraphy

Pentekening: 'vertooning van alle de Italiaanse Schrijfletters'. De lettters zijn alle over elkaar getekend tot éen figuur. Denkelijk overgenomen uit een boek. Onderdeel uit het schetsboek van Jan Brandes, dl. 1 (1808), p. 67.
Portret van de schilder Peter Franchoys
Object type: print
Date: 1649 – 1649
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Subjects: mechelen, print maker, peter franchoys, portrait, self-portrait of painter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent gebruikt in: Image de divers hommes d'esprit sublime, qui par leur art et science devraient vivre éternellement et desquels la louange et renommée faict estonner le monde. Antwerpen: J. Meyssens, 1649.
Gezicht door de openslaande deuren van een landhuis
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1820 – 1872
Materials: chalk, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: hendrik abraham klinkhamer
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1810 – 1872
Subjects: open door, country-house

Blad 9 recto uit een schetsboek met 39 bladen.
Plate
Object type: plate
Date: 1774 – 1774
Materials: hard paste porcelain
Subjects: coat of arms

This plate was made for the Dutch market.
Verheffing van Willem IV, prins van Oranje-Nassau, tot admiraal en kapitein-generaal der Verenigde Nederlanden
Object type: history medal
Date: 1747 – 1747
Materials: copper
Techniques: striking
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague, willem iv (prins van oranje-nassau)

Koperen penning. Voorzijde: borststuk man naar links binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: gekroonde leeuw met zwaard in geheven rechter- en bundel met zeven pijlen in linkerpoot binnen omschrift; afsnede: opschrift
Enthroned Buddha
Object type: figure
Materials: clay, gold, silver
Culture: cambodian
Subjects: buddhism,buddha
Christoffel Columbus
Object type: print
Date: 1859 – 1859
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, roulette
Subjects: genua, ontdekkingsreiziger, zeevaarder, christoffel columbus
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Columbus ... Aurora 1859’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Christoffel Columbus neemt een jongen mee onder zijn arm, terwijl een man, een vrouw en twee kleinere kinderen, mogelijk het gezin van de jongen, achterblijven.
Letter to Liang Zhongren
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1357 – 1434
Materials: ink, paper
Culture: chinese
Artist: shen du
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: chinese
Artist dates: 1357 – 1434

Shen Du was one of Song Ke's (1327–1387) most important followers. He is best known for his precise regular script in the manner of Zhao Mengfu (1254–1322), whose style he helped to establish as the orthodox model for Ming government documents and even printed books. His more informal writing also follows Zhao's style; in both cases, however, Shen's calligraphy shows fewer variations and nuances of brush movement. This letter was once part of Emperor Qianlong's (r. 1736–95) collection. Preserved in rubbing form in the Sanxitang imperial anthology of 1747, such informal writings are valued by connoisseurs as intimate expressions of artists' personalities.