deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Maestricht, Ville Forte aux Hollandois, Située sur la Meuse (...)
Object type: area plan
Date: 1690 – 1697
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: paris
Subjects: maps of cities, maastricht
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent in huidige staat ook gebruikt in: Fer, Nicolas de. Les forces de l'Europe, ou description des principales villes, avec leurs fortifications : dessignées par les meilleurs ingenieurs, particulierement celles (…). Parijs: Nicolas de Fer, 1690-1695. En in: Fer, Nicolas de. Le theatre de la guerre, dans les Pays-Bas, ou representation des principales villes qui sont en Flander, Hainaut, Brabant (...). Parijs: Nicolas de Fer, 1697.
Sauceboat
Object type: sauceboat
Date: 1737 – 1738
Materials: silver
Artist: jean-etienne freboul
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1699 – 1791
Chief Gall, Hunkpapa Sioux, from the American Indian Chiefs series (N2) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: men,portraits

Trade cards from the "American Indian Chiefs" series (N2), issued in 1888 in a series of 50 cards to promote Allen & Ginter Brand Cigarettes.
Fotoreproducties van een gezicht op een haven, mogelijk door Johannes Lingelbach en een genretafereel
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1856 – 1866
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Subjects: picture, painting
Portret van George Washington
Object type: print
Date: 1836 – 1840
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: the hague
Artist: nicolaas martinus schild
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1822 – 1840
Subjects: president ~ head of republic, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portret van George Washington in een omlijsting met in de hoeken decoraties. Geportretteerde is en profil naar rechts in uniform weergegeven. Onder zijn beeltenis staat zijn naam.
Rod of Opaque Blue Glass
Object type: glass rod, blue
Date: 1390 – 1352
Materials: glass
Location: egypt
Martinus IIII Papa Turonensis Gallus
Object type: print
Date: 1587 – 1587
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, letterpress printing
Location: rome
Subjects: historical persons, pope, armorial bearing, heraldry

Prent uit: Ciccarelli, Antonio. Le vite de Pontefici di Antonio Ciccarelli (...). Rome: Domenico Basa, 1587. Prent voor het eerst verschenen in: Cavalieri, Giovanni Battista de'. Pontificum romanorum effigies (...). Rome: Domenico Basa en Francesco Zanetti, 1580. Prent ook gebruikt in latere publicaties.
Knielende kreupele, biddend in een kerk
Object type: drawing
Date: 1848 – 1927
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: august allebé
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1927
Subjects: crutches, person with a physical disability, saying the rosary

De krukken van de man staan naast hem tegen de bank.
Scharenslijper aan het werk
Object type: print
Date: 1808 – 1848
Materials: paper
Techniques: soft ground etching
Artist: pieter barbiers (iv)
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1798 – 1848
Subjects: sharpening, grinding (industrial processes), tools, aids, implements ~ crafts and industries: grindstone
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Le printemps Der Fruhling De Lente
Object type: print
Date: 1800 – 1899
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: harvest, spring ~ human activities (the four seasons of the year), summer ~ human activities (the four seasons of the year), cereal, grain, corn (grass with grains, grown for food, e.g.: wheat, rice, rye, oats, maize, buckwheat, millet), agricultural implements: plough, ox
Inscriptions: stamp, collector's mark: Lugt 1641

Linksonder genummerd: No 104. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Zeden en Gewoonten in engeren zin. Volksleven. Zinnebeeldige voorstellingen uit het volkleven op serieprenten. Jaargetijden.
Table press
Object type: table press
Date: 1501 – 1600
Materials: wood
Coat of Arms with Cock
Object type: print
Date: 1502 – 1502
Techniques: engraving
Artist: albrecht dürer
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1471 – 1528
Subjects: roosters,lions,leaves,coat of arms
Organ, The Harrow Mission Church, Latimer Road, W.
Object type: page
Date: 1884 – 1889
Materials: paper
Techniques: photolithography
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: church organ, interior of church, london
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘R. Norman Shaw, R.A. Architect/ The Architectural Illustration Society. Second Series. Plate No.158’

Prent op zesde ongenummerde pagina na pagina 238.
Wintergezicht
Object type: drawing
Date: 1634 – 1679
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: brush
Artist: jan van de cappelle
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1624 – 1679
Portret van man en vrouw
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1890 – 1910
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: montreux
Artist: f. vachoux
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: historical persons - bb - woman, historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘F. Vachoux/ Montreux’
Schilderij van balustrade door Johannes Bosboom
Object type: photograph
Date: 1857 – 1895
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: the hague
Artist: maurits verveer
Artist role: painter
Artist dates: 1817 – 1903
Subjects: picture, painting
Inscriptions: name: ‘M. Verveer La Haye’
Die Meisterwerke des Rijksmuseum zu Amsterdam. Nach dem Original-Gemälden photographirt
Object type: wrapper
Date: 1885 – 1887
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper
Techniques: carbon print, letterpress printing
Location: munich

Omslag voor negen fotoreproducties en een tekstblad.
Utrechtse zilveren rijder, 1759
Object type: coin
Date: 1759 – 1759
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: utrecht

Zilveren munt. Voorzijde: ridder te paard naar rechts met in rechterhand zwaard. Onder paard gekroond wapenschild van Utrecht. Keerzijde: door twee gekroonde leeuwen gehouden generaliteitswapenschild. Daaronder in cartouche jaartal. Bloemrand.
Reproductie van (vermoedelijk) een tekening van twee geestelijken bij een graf in een rots
Object type: photograph
Date: 1871 – 1871
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: priest (roman catholic)

Onderdeel van Herdenkingsalbum van rooms-katholieke geestelijken gevallen tijdens de Commune van Parijs.
Enquêteformulier ingevuld door Pierre Van Hanselaere
Object type: manuscript
Date: 1841 – 1841
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, printing, writing
Location: ghent
Subjects: ghent, pierre van hanselaere
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Vraagpunten,/ van welke de beantwoording verzocht wordt, om daarvan het noodig gebruik te maken in het uit te geven Werk, getiteld: De levens en werken/ der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers,/ graveurs en bouwmeesters, van het begin der vijftiende eeuw tot heden/ door J. Immerzeel, Jr.’, watermark

Opgenomen in: Immerzeel, J. Jr., De levens en werken der Hollandsche en Vlaamsche kunstschilders, beeldhouwers, graveurs en bouwmeesters, van het begin der vijftiende eeuw tot heden, Amsterdam: J.C. van Kesteren, 1842-1843.
Landschap met een boerderij met koeien
Object type: print
Date: 1634 – 1679
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: well, cow, landscapes in the temperate zone, farm (building)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Maakt deel uit van een 24-delige serie naar tekeningen van landschappen toegeschreven aan Campagnola, of de school van Campagnola (zie British Museum, inv.nr. S.6782). Plaat twee uit de serie betreft waarschijnlijk echter een ontwerp van Titaan (zie British Museum, inv.nr. S.6783).
Publiek kijkt vanaf de wal naar zeilschepen op een plas, mogelijk bij Amsterdam
Object type: photograph
Date: 1910 – 1930
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: rotogravure
Location: amsterdam
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat, amsterdam

Onderdeel van Album met foto's van Amsterdam en omgeving.
Ex libris van B.J.H. Dijkhuizen
Object type: bookplate
Date: 1949 – 1949
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing
Location: netherlands
Artist: b. timmer
Artist role: print maker
Subjects: b.j.h. dijkhuizen
Inscriptions: workshop stamp: ‘B. Timmer Nederland / Typ. 1949’
Chasuble
Object type: chasuble
Date: 1501 – 1533
Materials: cotton, metal thread, silk
Subjects: flowers
Christ Among the Doctors
Object type: print
Date: 1590 – 1620
Techniques: engraving
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: artist
Subjects: men,christ,doctors
Three Jockeys
Object type: drawing
Date: 1900 – 1900
Materials: board, pastel, paper
Artist: edgar degas
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1834 – 1917
Subjects: men,horses,jockeys

Lithe and dynamic, racehorses and their brightly attired jockeys attracted Degas throughout his career. Here, he introduced a humorous note: the animal in the left foreground extends its neck to graze (which racehorses are trained not to do) or buck its rider, while the other men turn to watch. This pastel is the last of three variations of a composition made over a period of about twelve years. Degas added the horse and jockey at the right after the picture was largely completed, obscuring a fourth rider and his mount, just visible behind them.
Intocht van de prins van Oranje te Brussel, 1577
Object type: print
Date: 1613 – 1615
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: delft, william i (prince of orange), triumphal entry and public reception, pageant, 'entrée solennelle', 'joyeuse entrée', brussels

Feestelijke intocht van de prins van Oranje te Brussel, 23 september 1577. Oranje in een trekschuit en begeleid door ruiters en soldaten uit Antwerpen en Brussel de stad ingeleid. Met onderschrift van 4 regels in het Latijn. Genummerd: 85. Bedrukt op achterzijde met tekst in het Latijn.
Gezicht op de Nederduitse Academie van Samuel Coster aan de Keizersgracht, 1617
Object type: print
Date: 1752 – 1789
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: samuel coster, theatre (building), canals, waters (in city) (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), street (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), book-shop, bookseller
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 195

Gezicht op de Nederduitse Academie (Eerste Nederduytsche Academie) van Samuel Coster aan de Keizersgracht te Amsterdam, gelegen ter hoogte van het huidige nummer 384. Zoals het eruit zou hebben gezien in het jaar van oprichting 1617. Links van de toegangspoort een boekwinkel. Op straat en in het bootje rechtsvoor enkele figuren.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix: Band or lip cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 560 – 525
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, two bands of reserve intersecting black glaze
Portret van Frank van Borselen
Object type: print
Date: 1753 – 1753
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: haarlem
Subjects: brielle, board-games (+ sportsman, player, etc.)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portret ten halven lijve van voren onder een toog van de Zeeuwse edelman Frank van Borselen, met hoed. Rechts van de edelman is een gekroond wapenschild weergegeven. Onder het portret is een spel spelend gezelschap afgebeeld, omgeven door een sierlijke lijst. In de marge staan de naam en titels van de geportretteerde.
The Story of Aoto Fujitsuna (Aoto Fujitsuna moryōan) 青砥藤綱模稜案
Object type: illustrated book
Date: 1811 – 1811
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: woodblock print
Culture: japanese
Artist: katsushika hokusai 葛飾北斎
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1760 – 1849
Subjects: bridges,men,women
Vondel spreekt tegen het beeld van Gijsbrecht van Amstel op de Beurs van Berlage
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1902 – 1902
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, line block
Subjects: cologne, amsterdam, joost van den vondel, stock exchange, stock-market, architecture
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1461b

Onderwerpsrubriek binnen de Atlas Amsterdam: B. Beurs op het Damrak.
Venus and Cupid
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: italy
Artist: jacopo francia
Ontwerp voor de toren van de Nieuwe Kerk te Amsterdam.
Object type: print
Date: 1666 – 1666
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: netherlands
Subjects: crafts and industries (+ transport of products ~ crafts, industries, agriculture), animal-drawn sledge (dutch: 'toeslede'), amsterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Gezicht op de Nieuwe Kerk, met de geprojecteerde toren. Links de toren, rechts een gedeelte van 't stadhuis. Op de voorgrond links drie bierdragers met een met biertonnen beladen slede, waarvoor een paard. Rechts twee spelende honden.
Dr. Harold Schofield
Object type: page
Date: 1881 – 1883
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Location: richmond
Subjects: missionary, historical persons, spreading the gospel; missionary work
Vase
Object type: ceramic
Date: 1755 – 1755
Materials: enamel, porcelain, soft paste porcelain
Techniques: polychrome
Location: england
Artist: bow porcelain factory
Artist nationality: london, england
Artist dates: 1744 – 1775
Gezicht op Menton
Object type: print
Date: 1856 – 1856
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Location: paris
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions, coast

Prent uit: L'Illustration, vol. 28, nr. 717, 22 november 1856, p. 333.
La Noblesse Française à l’église (The French Nobility at Church)
Object type: costume print
Date: 1628 – 1629
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Subjects: ear-rings (+ women's clothes), reading, dress, gown (vlieger) (+ women's clothes), styles of hairdress - aa - ~ women, neck-gear: collar (+ women's clothes), shoes, sandals (+ women's clothes), skirt (+ women's clothes), sleeves: cuffs (+ women's clothes), dress, gown (+ women's clothes), interior of church, sleeves (+ women's clothes), necklace (+ women's clothes), one person praying
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Bosse portrayed the Gothic churches of Paris as sites of piety and fashionability. While praying or merely strutting through the centuries-old architecture, the churchgoers in these prints sport the latest styles. For example, in the few years since Callot’s series (adjacent), an ornate and expensive form of lace cutwork – reticella – had become a popular form of decoration for collars and cuffs.
A Dell, Helmingham Park, Suffolk
Object type: print
Date: 1830 – 1830
Materials: paper
Techniques: mezzotint
Location: england
Artist: david lucas
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1802 – 1881
Piccolo
Object type: piccolo
Date: 1860 – 1875
Materials: brass, ivory, silver
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: theodore berteling
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1821 – 1890
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, lower drapery of figure with right hand on hip?
Enjoying the Evening Cool at Ryôgoku Bridge in Edo (Edo Ryogokubashi yusuzumi no kei)
Object type: print
Techniques: woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: kitao masayoshi
Artist role: print maker
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1764 – 1824
Panel
Object type: panel
Date: 1530 – 1550
Materials: wood
Techniques: carving
Subjects: musical instruments,birds,men,profiles,putti

Combined with scrolling foliage, fantastic figures, and other ornamental elements—for example, the music-playing putti seen here—bearded and helmeted warriors surrounded by wreaths were a popular motif in French furniture. Prints by Italian artists such as Marcantonio Raimondi (ca. 1480–before 1534) and northerners such as Virgil Solis (1514–1562) were an important source for the antique-inspired profile heads.
Covered Goblet (Pokal) with Musicians
Object type: glass
Date: 1730 – 1740
Materials: glass
Techniques: glassblowing, engraving, molding
Location: silesia
Dante Alighieri (1265–1321)
Object type: medallion
Date: 1701 – 1900
Materials: bronze
Subjects: men,profiles
Atlas van platen bevattende elf pittoreske gezigten, behoorende tot het werk Java, zijne gedaante, zijne plantentooi en inwendige bouw
Object type: print
Date: 1854 – 1854
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph, hand coloring
Location: the hague
Subjects: lake
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Onderdeel van een serie van elf. Deze serie is uitgebracht als aanvulling op: Junghuhn, F.W. Java, zijne gedaante, zijn plantentooi en inwendige bouw (I, II, III, IV). Den Haag: Mieling, C.W. 1853-54.
Zie ook RP-P-1904-3878 (ander kleurenpalet).
Palestine - 203.- Église de ascension
Object type: photograph
Date: 1873 – 1878
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: félix bonfils
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1831 – 1885
Subjects: church (exterior) - qq - small church, chapel
Blanket (Altered from a Saddle Blanet)
Object type: textile
Date: 1875 – 1900
Materials: wool
Techniques: tapestry weave
Location: iran
Leeuw met leeuwin
Object type: print
Date: 1750 – 1900
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: beasts of prey, predatory animals: lion
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een leeuw en een leeuwin draaien rondjes om elkaar heen. De leeuw laat zijn tanden zien. Prent uit een serie van vier prenten met voorstellingen van leeuwen naar Pieter Paul Rubens.
View of Richmond from the Bridge
Object type: print
Date: 1819 – 1819
Materials: paint, paper, watercolor
Techniques: aquatint, heightening
Location: england
Artist: thomas sutherland
Artist nationality: english
Artist dates: 1785 – 1827
Actress posing on prop boulders, from the Actresses series (N668)
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actresses" series (N668), issued ca. 1888. The publisher is unknown.
De dwerg Hopman van Duvelshoek, 1720
Object type: print
Date: 1718 – 1720
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: caricatures (human types), little people

De kleine mens Hopman van Duvelshoek. In het onderschrift verzen in het Duits, Frans en Nederlands. Genummerd rechts midden: 47. Onderdeel van deel II in de tweede Nederlandse gebonden uitgave uit 1720 (en gerelateerd aan de Windhandel in dat jaar) van een serie karikaturen van kleine mensen, bekend als Het Dwergentooneel.
Military scene with a cross at right
Object type: print
Date: 1840 – 1860
Techniques: etching
Artist: august beck
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: swiss
Artist dates: 1823 – 1872
Study for Dining Hall, Asylum
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1808 – 1808
Materials: graphite, paper
Location: england
Artist: augustus charles pugin
Artist nationality: english, born france
Artist dates: 1762 – 1832
Flintlock Gun
Object type: flintlock pistol
Materials: gold, silver, steel, wood
Culture: french
Location: france
Artist: louis jaley
Artist role: steel-chiseler
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1696 – 1773

Known primarily as a producer of military weapons, the Royal Arms Manufactory at Saint-Etienne occasionally made luxury weapons, of which this is perhaps the finest example. Depictions of classical gods and goddesses are chiseled into the steel parts; and the left side of the butt is inlaid in silver with a scene of dogs attacking an imperial double-headed eagle, a reference to France's continual political and military struggle against the Holy Roman Empire.
Dwarf as a Turkish Pasha
Object type: figure
Date: 1745 – 1750
Materials: soft paste porcelain
Artist: capodimonte porcelain manufactory
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1740 – 1759
Subjects: swords,men
Reproductie van een getekend portret van Stijn Streuvels
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1911 – 1913
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: photograph
Subjects: stijn streuvels, portrait of a writer
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a
Portret van een onbekende jongen
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1863 – 1875
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: brussels
Artist: e. cornelisse
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: boy (child between toddler and youth), anonymous historical person portrayed, rotterdam, brussels
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘2€/ 22 Demanck.’, inscription: ‘Cornelisse/ Bruxelles, Rue de l'Ecuyer, 38./ Rotterdam, Wagestraat./ English spoken.’
Prentbriefkaart aan Philip Zilcken
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1920 – 1920
Materials: cardboard, ink, pencil
Techniques: photograph, pen, writing
Location: brussels
Subjects: voorburg, renée hélène laure zilcken, the hague, painter, draughtsman, philip zilcken
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Smallsword
Object type: smallsword
Date: 1780 – 1780
Materials: gold, steel, textile, wood
Culture: french
Location: france

By the early seventeenth century, the rapier, a long slender thrusting sword, began to dominate as the gentleman’s weapon of choice. During the course of the century, however, as civilian fencing techniques became more specialized and refined, the rapier developed into a lighter, trimmed-down weapon known by about 1700 as the smallsword. Smallswords, often richly decorated, remained an integral part of a gentleman’s wardrobe until the wearing of swords in civilian settings went out of fashion at the end of the eighteenth century, at which time pistols were replacing swords as arms most frequently used in personal duels. The majority of smallsword hilts are made of silver or steel, but many also employ a wide variety of luxurious materials, such as gold, porcelain, and enamel. At their best, smallswords combine the crafts of swordsmith, cutler, and jeweler to create an elegant weapon that was also a wearable work of art.
Coronation Stone of Motecuhzoma II (Stone of the Five Suns)
Object type: sculpture
Date: 1503 – 1503
Materials: stone
Culture: aztec, mexica
Location: tenochtitlan
Subjects: architecture, history, coronations, animals, record of events, hieroglyphs, mexico, aztecs, mythology, kingship, rulers (people), goddesses

This stone, commemorating the beginning of the reign of Emperor Motecuhzoma II, was originally located within the ritual center of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the extensive empire conquered by the Aztecs between 1428 and 1519. The ruins of the city lie beneath downtown Mexico City. Known as the Stone of the Five Suns, this monument draws connections between Aztec history and the cosmic scheme. The quadrangular block is carved with the hieroglyphic signs of five successive cosmic eras, called “suns” in the language of the Aztecs. These eras were mythic cycles of creation and destruction that began in the time of genesis and continued with the birth of humankind and the period of Aztec rule. From “4 Jaguar-sun” in the lower-right corner, the eras proceed counterclockwise through “4 Wind-sun,” “4 Rain-sun,” and “4 Water-sun.” The X carved in the center represents “4 Movement-sun,” the sign of the present era for the Aztecs. The year “11 Reed” in the square cartouche refers to 1503, the year of Motecuhzoma’s coronation, while the day listed above it—“1 Crocodile”—corresponds to July 15, when the ceremony probably occurred. On the underside, the hieroglyphic date “1 Rabbit” denotes the beginning of things in the distant mythological past. The sculpture thus legitimizes Motecuhzoma’s rule as part of the cycle of birth, death, and renewal and presents him as heir to the world in the present era of creation.