deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Boulevart Montmartre
Object type: stereograph
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print, photography
Location: paris
Artist: hippolyte jouvin
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1825 – 1889
Subjects: animal traction, animal-drawn vehicle (carriage etc.), street
Inscriptions: number: ‘No. 191’
Fragment
Object type: textile
Date: 1601 – 1635
Materials: silk, velvet
Techniques: cutting, stamping, weave
Location: italy
Subjects: fashion
In den avond
Object type: print
Date: 1897 – 1897
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: antoon derkinderen
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1859 – 1925
Subjects: sitting figure, evening, open fire (in general), zodiac; the twelve zodiacal signs together, fabulous beings with wings, hearth and stove, dog
Inscriptions: date

Een man en vrouw staren in een vuur waarin balken in de vorm van een andreaskruis branden. Onder het vuur een zwaard. Uit het vuur stijgen twee gevleugelde figuren op die hun arm uitstrekken boven het hoofd van de man en vrouw. Uiterst links en uiterst rechts produceren twee honden golvende klanklijnen met daarin tekens uit de dierenriem.
Bes amulet
Object type: amulet, be
Materials: glass
Location: egypt
Subjects: bes
Multitudes of Cranes
Object type: print
Techniques: woodblock print, surimono
Location: japan

This is a striking image of a rising sun and 50 cranes flying in formation above a cloud bank. These symbols of long life were used here to honor the 50th birthday of the poet Baigyo. Called chimei, a 50th birthday was seen as a big stepping-stone in life and a halfway point to the idealized old age of 100.
The artist Bokushin is not well known today, indicating the great number of artists available to surimono publishers at this time. He may have been a poet who excelled in the visual arts. It is also possible that the design was copied from a work with a similar design by another artist.
Titelpagina voor: J. Ray, De werelt van haar begin tot haar einde, 1694
Object type: print
Date: 1694 – 1694
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: globe
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Titelpagina voor: Ray, John. De werelt van haar begin tot haar einde. Rotterdam: Barent Bos, 1694.
Our prize dogs : descriptions and criticisms of the prize winners of 1887 / by Charles H. Mason
Object type: book
Date: 1888 – 1888
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper
Techniques: photograph, printing, printing block
Location: new york city
Artist: charles h. mason
Artist role: schrijver
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘APR/ 1999’, number: ‘450,-/ 9000 Bet’
Gevecht tussen Nederlandse militairen en inlanders
Object type: painting
Date: 1800 – 1900
Materials: glass, oil, paper, wood
Location: dutch east indies
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: dutch east indies, the

Schilderij achter glas in houten lijst. Links een groep Indonesische strijders met vlag, rechts een groep militairen met Nederlandse vlag. Beide groepen schieten met geweren. Midden op de voorgrond een Nederlandse officier in gevecht met de leider van de strijders. De Nederlandse soldaten hebben één man gevangen genomen. Op lichtgroene achtergrond.
Birch Tree, Niagara
Object type: drawing
Date: 1851 – 1851
Materials: graphite, paper
Culture: american
Artist: john frederick kensett
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1816 – 1872
Subjects: trees

This drawing was executed when Kensett was refining his skill in woodland and bucolic subjects; it probably manifests his steady purpose to understand the character and variety of trees, so that in composing a painting he might readily and truthfully fashion them to suit pictorial needs. The birch tree was particularly apt for inclusion in landscape paintings: its whiteness provides natural relief against the dark forest mass; it has a notable tendency to arching, lyrical growth. Kensett was evidently attracted to this tree by the unusual deformity of the trunk, which may reflect damage by water or, more likely, ice. The plume of vapor that constantly rises from the base of the great cascade of Niagara renders trees in the immediate vicinity eternally damp; in the winter they are burdened with ice that can bend or snap their boughs and trunks.
Meijer's prenten
Object type: popular print
Date: 1874 – 1874
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: cigar
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 6 voorstellingen over twee jongens, Klaas en Gijs, die sigaren kopen en deze roken. Het bekomt ze slecht. Ze beloven hun ouders geen sigaren meer te roken. Onder elke afbeelding een vierregelig vers in twee kolommen. Genummerd rechtsboven: No. 30.
Musicerend gezelschap
Object type: print
Date: 1634 – 1634
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: leiden
Artist: jan gillisz. van vliet
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1600 – 1668
Subjects: notation of music, musical instruments; group of musical instruments (+ artist at work), hearing, listening (one of the five senses), musician(s) accompanying singer(s)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘F.D. 1839’ Lugt 985, inscription: ‘de Cl no.28’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In een interieur staat een man bij een musicerend gezelschap. Een man op de rug gezien bespeelt een luit, een man bespeelt een dwarsfluit en een man zingt, rond een tafel waarop liedboeken.
Le déjeuner aux hûitres / Austernfrühstück
Object type: print
Date: 1835 – 1899
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: munich
Subjects: breakfast, molluscs: oyster
Inscriptions: number: ‘24’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van een man met snor en baard
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1880 – 1905
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: surabaya
Artist: herman salzwedel
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: moustache, historical persons, beard
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘(...)/ ATELIER/ van/ H. SALZWEDEL/ SOERABAYA/ JAVA.’
A naked man holding Fortune by the hair and whipping her
Object type: print
Date: 1510 – 1527
Techniques: engraving
Artist: marcantonio raimondi
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1475 – 1534
Subjects: hair,male nudes,female nudes
Plate 26 from "La Tauromaquia": A picador is unhorsed and falls under the bull
Object type: print
Date: 1816 – 1816
Techniques: aquatint, burnishing, drypoint, etching
Artist: goya (francisco de goya y lucientes)
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: spanish
Artist dates: 1746 – 1828
Subjects: men,bulls,horses
Rustende marskramer met aardewerk in zijn korf
Object type: drawing
Date: 1862 – 1862
Materials: paper
Techniques: brush
Artist: pieter van loon
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1801 – 1873
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Bonne marchandise mais pas legére’, monogram and date: ‘P.vL.1862’
Studioportret van een vrouw in een hooggesloten jurk en pijpenkrullen in het haar
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1863 – 1870
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: amsterdam
Ferdinand III of Bohemia and Hungary (1608–57)
Object type: medal
Date: 1629 – 1629
Materials: silver
Subjects: men,profiles,coat of arms
Dubbele zeeschuit op de nering
Object type: print
Date: 1728 – 1761
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: bony fishes: herring, sea and coastal fishery
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een dubbele zeeschuit met neergehaalde mast vist op zee naar haring, op de achtergrond meer zeilschepen. De prent maakt deel uit van een 32-delige serie prenten met voorstellingen over de haringvangst.
Nederlandse factorij op eiland Hirado (Firato)
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1832 – 1852
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Subjects: trade-company

Prent uit: Siebold, Philipp Franz von. Nippon, Archiv zur Beschreibung von Japan und dessen Neben- und Schutzländers. Leiden en Amsterdam: S.n., 1832-1852.
Portret van Johannes Florentius Martinet
Object type: print
Date: 1752 – 1795
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: christian gottlieb geyser
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1742 – 1803
Subjects: amsterdam, joannes florentius martinet, theologian, historical persons, rainbow
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Tafellaken van wit linnendamast met patroon van gestrooide bloemen, kersen en insecten
Object type: tablecloth
Date: 1600 – 1699
Materials: linen
Techniques: damask
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous

Tafellaken van wit linnendamast met patroon van gestrooide bloemen, kersen en insecten.
Necklace of Stone and Shell Beads
Object type: bead
Date: 1 – 1566
Materials: shell, stone
Culture: peruvian
Location: peru
Finial with a Kinnari
Object type: finial
Date: 801 – 900
Materials: bronze
Culture: indonesian, javanese
Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français, 1785, nr. 3, Kopie naar V 126 : Circassienne de taffetas (...)
Object type: fashion print
Date: 1785 – 1785
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, hand coloring
Artist: pierre gleich
Artist role: print maker
Subjects: corsage (+ women's clothes), flowers, walking-stick, staff, cane (+ women's clothes), border, ribbon, braid (+ women's clothes), dress, gown: robe à la circassienne (+ women's clothes), head-gear: cap (+ women's clothes), fashion plates, shoes, sandals (+ women's clothes), skirt (+ women's clothes), neck-gear ~ clothing (+ women's clothes)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘a Paris chez l'Auteur.’, caption: ‘Circassienne de taffetas a bandes de rubans avec la juppe d'une autre couleur garnie de gaze á petits plis ronds, et ornée de trois : grandes bandes de rubans de couleurs différentes.’

Vrouw gekleed in een 'circassienne' van tafzijde met banden van lint. Rok van een andere kleur versierd met geplooide tule en drie grote banden van lint in verschillende kleuren. Accessoires: geplooide muts versierd met lint, bloemcorsage, wandelstok met kwasten, chatelaines, schoenen met hakken en gespen. Kopie naar V 126 uit serie V. 21e Cahier des Costumes Français, 15e Suite d'Habillemens à la mode en 1779, Gallerie des Modes et Costumes Français.
Berglandschap met twee mannen die een gesprek voeren
Object type: print
Date: 1807 – 1807
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: (high) hill, conversation, dialogue; conversation piece, landscapes (+ landscape with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Deze prent is ook gebruikt als illustratie voor: Bilderdijk, Willem. De Mensch: Popes Essay on men. Amsterdam: Johannes Allart, 1807, p. 5-6.
Vrouw gekleed in rijkostuum staat voor een spiegel
Object type: stereograph
Date: 1852 – 1863
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print, hand coloring
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: mirror, interior of the house
Portrait of a woman
Object type: painting
Date: 1651 – 1651
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: hercules sanders
Artist role: painter
Artist dates: 1606 – 1693
Subjects: historical persons not known by name - bb - woman
Inscriptions: signature: ‘h. sanders fe.t’, inscription and date: ‘AE. 67 A.º 1651’

Portret van een vrouw. Kniestuk, zittend in een stoel, een zakdoek in de rechterhand. Op de rug van de stoel een leeuwtje met het familiewapen.
A Group of Vultures Waiting for the Storm to "Blow Over"–"Let Us Prey" (from "Harper's Weekly," vol. 15, p. 889)
Object type: print
Techniques: engraving
Artist: thomas nast
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american, born germany
Artist dates: 1840 – 1902
Subjects: birds,caricature,politics

Widely considered to be one of the most important American satirists of the nineteenth century, Thomas Nast was the leading cartoonist at Harper’s Weekly from 1859 through 1886. An outspoken defender of principled politicians, Nast targeted leaders whom he deemed unethical through his biting illustrations. These works harnessed popular references that could be easily understood by a partially illiterate audience. The prototype of power broker William M. "Boss" Tweed as a corrupt fraudster became fixed in the American political imagination thanks to Nast’s series of illustrations published in Harper’s Weekly in the months leading up to the New York state election in 1871, which is credited with helping to sway the public to vote the Democrats out of power. Here, "Boss Tweed" and his associates are depicted as vultures feeding off the taxpayers of New York while waiting for their scandal to "blow over."
Aeneas and His Companions Preparing Animals for Sacrifice
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: chalk, gouache, ink, paint, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush, heightening, pen, wash
Location: italy
Artist: avanzino nucci
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1551 – 1629
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: metal thread, silk
Subjects: flowers
Ladle
Object type: ladle
Date: 1760 – 1780
Materials: silver
Artist: thomas chawner
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1759 – 1759
Adreskaart van Leonardus Schweickhardt
Object type: print
Date: 1793 – 1862
Materials: porcelainized cardboard
Techniques: engraving
Artist: leonardus schweickhardt
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1783 – 1862
Subjects: the hague, print maker, leonardus schweickhardt, 'our father which art in heaven' ~ the lord's prayer
Inscriptions: stamp, collector's mark: Lugt 1641

In een kleine cirkel (diameter ca. 15 millimeter) is het Onzevader gegraveerd, met daarbij: 'L. Schweickhardt Kunst Graveur 's Gravenhage'. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Godsdienst, Roomsch-Katholieken, Processies, Herinneringen.
David with Goliath's Head and Sword
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1587 – 1587
Materials: graphite, ink, paper, lead, pigment
Techniques: brush, heightening, pen, wash
Location: italy
Artist: giovanni battista paggi
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1554 – 1627
Inscriptions: Inscribed recto, lower edge, in pen and brown ink: "A Ms Giuseppe Casabona semphista di S.A. à Firenze, GPB 1587"
Tienerring van zilver met gladde convexe ruitvormige knop in een geometrische rand
Object type: ring
Date: 1960 – 1970
Materials: silver
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: maker's mark, alloy mark: ‘I’

Tienerring van zilver met gladde convexe ruitvormige knop in een geometrische rand.
Acorn-top spoon
Object type: spoon
Date: 1551 – 1600
Materials: silver, wood
Subjects: acorns
Piece
Object type: piece
Date: 1751 – 1800
Materials: metal thread, silk
Artist: jean pillement
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1728 – 1808
Subjects: birds,men,flowers
Card Number 546, Ruby Leonard, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-7) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Duke Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 480 – 470
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, arm?; above, a lambda
The New Mint in Shiba (Shiba shin zeniza no zu), from the series "Exceptional Views of Edo (Koto shokei)"
Object type: print
Date: 1835 – 1839
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing block, woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: utagawa hiroshige 歌川 広重
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1797 – 1858
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 470
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, part of leftward meander
Foedraal van een jachthoorn
Object type: case
Date: 1849 – 1849
Materials: leather
Location: utrecht
Artist: johannes mattheus van kempen
Artist role: silversmith
Artist dates: 1814 – 1877

Foedraal van een jachthoorn (BK-2016-11-1).
Bomen en takkenbossen bij een hek
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching, intaglio
Artist: willem de zwart
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1862 – 1931
Subjects: trees, fence, wall, paling
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Jan Śniadecki
Object type: print
Date: 1816 – 1882
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: karlsruhe
Artist: edouard schuler
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1806 – 1882
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Allegorische voorstelling ter gelegenheid van het huwelijk van Jacob Dircksz van Lennep en Susanna Catharina de Wolff
Object type: print
Date: 1724 – 1724
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Artist: bernard picart
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker, publisher
Artist dates: 1673 – 1733
Subjects: (story of) hymen(aeus), river-gods, marriage, married couple, 'matrimonium', (story of) cupid, amor (eros)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Allegorische voorstelling ter gelegenheid van het huwelijk van Jacob Dircksz van Lennep en Susanna Catharina de Wolff in 1724 te Amsterdam. De huwelijksgod Hymen en Amor bij het huwelijksbed van het paar. Rechts de stroomgod van het IJ en links de waternimf van de Amstel. Boven de voorstelling stoffen, een spinnewiel en het devies: Ne Timeas et Casta Thorus Tua Numina Servat.
Box, mouse
Object type: box, mouse
Date: 688 – 525
Materials: bronze
Location: egypt
Subjects: mice
De algemeene staking
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1903 – 1903
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Location: amsterdam
Artist: johan braakensiek
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1858 – 1940
Subjects: ferdinand domela nieuwenhuis, personifications of countries, nations, states, districts, etc., strike (political demonstration), political caricatures and satires

De Nederlandse Maagd is treurig en boos en stuurt de schim van de Anarchie (Domela Nieuwenhuis) weg. Naar aanleiding van het uitbreken van een algemene staking van april 1903.
Cuneiform tablet: label
Object type: cuneiform tablet
Date: 2000 – 1501
Materials: clay
Culture: babylonian
Location: mesopotamia
Kesa
Object type: textile
Materials: cotton, gold leaf, paper, textile, silk
Techniques: bookbinding, brocade, damask, dyeing, interlacing, lacquer, lining, painting, patterning, weave, resist
Location: japan
Vlakdecoraties en friezen met trofeeën
Object type: print
Date: 1558 – 1572
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: netherlands
Inscriptions: collector's mark (false): Lugt 2275

Een helm, een maliënkolder, gebogen musketten en een kruithoorn met patroontas en kogeltangetje. Uit serie, bestaande uit een titelblad en 16 bladen.
Landscape with Two Donkeys, Goats and Pigs
Object type: painting
Date: 1655 – 1655
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: karel du jardin
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1626 – 1678
Subjects: pig, ass, donkey, landscapes in the temperate zone, goat
Inscriptions: signature and date: ‘K: du Iardin. fe 1655.’

A farmer separates the wheat from the chaff, while chickens eagerly pick at the fallen grains. The raking light of the low-hanging sun evokes an early evening atmosphere. The architectural style of the cylindrical building in the distance situates the scene in Italy. Such southern pastoral and peasant idylls were Du Jardin’s speciality.
Twee studies van een paard
Object type: drawing
Date: 1855 – 1912
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: jan kuyper
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1845 – 1912
Subjects: horse
Daar jongens, meisjens, hebt ge een print, Waar op gij keur van voglen vindt
Object type: popular print
Date: 1784 – 1849
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: birds
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1641, stamp

Blad met twaalf voorstellingen van vogels. Boven elke afbeelding de naam van het dier, onder elke afbeelding een tweeregelig vers. Genummerd rechtsboven: La.K. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Zeden en gewoonten in engeren zin, Des menschen begin, midden en einde, Kinderprenten opgeplakt op karton.
Geographia Blaviana
Object type: print
Date: 1648 – 1664
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: 'geografia', europe represented allegorically; 'europa' (ripa), asia represented allegorically; 'asia' (ripa), africa represented allegorically; 'africa' (ripa), america represented allegorically; 'america' (ripa)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Vrouwelijke personificatie van Geografie op triomfwagen getrokken door leeuwen. Personificaties van de werelddelen Amerika, Afrika, Azië en Europa met hun attributen, zoals dromedaris en olifant, lopen mee. Opmerkelijk is het attribuut van Amerika, bij haar voeten loopt een gordeldier in plaats van de meer gebruikelijke krokodil of kaaiman. Kleine engelen in de lucht houden een doek vast met de titel van de uitgave.
Turenne
Object type: print
Date: 1825 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Subjects: commander-in-chief, general, marshal, armour, historical persons
Offer van Iphigenia
Object type: print
Date: 1691 – 1767
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Subjects: hoofed animals: deer, iphigenia is saved by diana, who puts a stag (hind) in her place
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240
James William "Jim" Keenan, Catcher, Cincinnati, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,portraits,baseball,athletes
Portretten van Duitse acteurs en actrices
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1880 – 1885
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: berlin
Subjects: portrait of actor, actress
Inscriptions: number: ‘No. 21.’

Prent op negenendertigste ongenummerde pagina.
Design for a Bucket-Like Vessel with a Handle of Two Interlaced Captives, on a Body Adorned with a Scroll, Garland, and a Spout with a Satyr's Head
Object type: drawing
Date: 1540 – 1550
Materials: chalk, ink
Techniques: pen
Artist: girolamo genga
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1467 – 1551
Subjects: satyrs,vessels
Studioportret van een onbekend meisje
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1886 – 1891
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: studio ~ photographer, historical persons - bb - woman, girl (child between toddler and youth)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Anordnung von Blitzlampe bei Porträtaufnahme/ Beilage zu Eder's Jahbruch für Photographie 1891’, monogram: ‘AC’

Prent op tweeëndertigste ongenummerde pagina na pagina 627.
Zeven landschappen
Object type: print
Date: 1631 – 1656
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: canal, groups of trees, 'en route', traveller under way, farm or solitary house in landscape
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In een boomrijk landschap lopen twee wandelaars over een pad langs een kanaal. Achter de brug (over het kanaal) ligt een boerderij. De prent maakt deel uit van een serie van zeven landschappen.
"Siyavush Displays his Skill at Polo before Afrasiyab," Folio from a Shahnama (Book of Kings)
Object type: folio from an illustrated manuscript
Materials: gold, ink, paper, watercolor
Location: iran
Artist: abu'l qasim firdausi
Artist role: author
Artist nationality: iranian
Artist dates: 935 – 1020
Subjects: poetry,men,horses

Illustrations with a red background are typical of Shahnamas copied in Fars, an Ilkhanid province of Southern Iran that broke away and saw a short-lived creation of the dynasty of the Injuids (ca. 1303–57). Shahnamas were copied following Ilkhanid fashion, but red backgrounds and large scale figures were perhaps influenced by wall paintings. The symmetric composition is similar to the combat scene of no. 1974.290.11, emphasizing the warlike significance of polo, an immensely popular game at the Mongol court. Accordingly, the painter interpreted the game as a duel between the two kings (here identified by their crowns), whereas the text explains that Afrasiyab refused to play. Here the horses, fully involved in the spirit of the game, wear leather straps and saddle blankets; they look like Mongolian ponies, though their necks are elongated.