deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Prospect of Greenwich / Veue de Greenwich
Object type: print
Date: 1736 – 1736
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: paris
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta'
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
De Eer der Nederlandsche vlag door J.C.J. van Speyk gehandhaafd, 5 Februarij 1831
Object type: print
Date: 1831 – 1831
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: f. kaal
Artist role: publisher
Subjects: amsterdam, antwerp, jan van speyk, sailing-ship, sailing-boat, (military) attack
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Gloves
Object type: glove
Date: 1867 – 1867
Materials: leather
Culture: french
Figure (Shishi)
Object type: figure
Date: 1800 – 1800
Materials: glaze, stoneware
Culture: japanese
Subjects: lions
Horse and rider
Object type: statuette of a horse
Date: 750 – 600
Materials: terracotta
Culture: cypriot
Subjects: human figures,horses

The figurine is handmade and solid. The rider sits near the rump of the horse, stretching his arms forward to touch the horse's mane. His head is tilted backward.
Dorpsgezichten met molens te Schiedam
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1809 – 1888
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: schiedam
Artist: alexander shilling
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1859 – 1937
Subjects: village, windmill in landscape
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Schiedam’

Blad 4 recto uit een schetsboek met 34 bladen.
Memorial Anniversary (Shunen), from the series "One Hundred Ghost Tales (Hyaku monogatari)"
Object type: print
Date: 1831 – 1832
Techniques: woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: katsushika hokusai 葛飾 北斎
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1760 – 1849

This print shows a snake, symbolizing malevolence, as it crawls over the items used in a memorial service for the dead. In accordance with custom, the display includes a box of sweets, a spirit tablet inscribed with the Buddhist name of the deceased, and a green leaf floating in a bowl of fresh water.

The Art Institute’s collection boasts one of the most well-preserved and appreciated editions of Katsushika Hok usa i’s One Hundred Ghost Tales series (1831–32). The artist apparently planned to produce a full hundred images, but the series was not completed and only five prints are known. The title refers to a game in which people would gather at night to tell scary stories, putting out a candle after each tale until the room was completely dark. These small-format works feature a bright-blue color made possible by Berlin blue pigment (often called “Prussian blue”), which had become affordable shortly before their production. Although this hue may seem cheery to us, Hokusai’s original audience would have associated it with death and the occult.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 460 – 450
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, meander and cross squares; Exterior, feet and drapery of a woman?; feet and drapery of a male to left; bit of himation and chiton of a woman
Portret van Willem I, prins van Oranje
Object type: print
Date: 1748 – 1748
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: delft, william i (prince of orange), prudence, 'prudentia'; 'prudenza' (ripa) ~ one of the four cardinal virtues, murder, freedom, liberty; 'libertà' (ripa), parts of ship's exterior: anchor
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portret van Willem I in een ovaal met randschrift en in het midden zijn wapen. Rondom liggen een aantal allegorische objecten, waaronder een palm en oranjetakken, een degen, een weegschaal, een vrijheidslans met een vrijheidshoed, een boek, een spiegel en een slang als symbool van Voorzichtigheid, het anker van de hoop en een lauwerkrans. Op het reliëf een voorstelling van de moord op Willem I door Balthasar Gerards op de trap van het Prinsenhof te Delft.
Rock group
Object type: page
Date: 1866 – 1871
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: central park
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: rock-formations
Portret van Johannes Cornelis Emeis
Object type: print
Date: 1854 – 1854
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: leiden
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: : ‘Aan het Gemeentebestuur te Leyden wordt bovenstaand Portret/ ter deponering gesteld/ Leyden 20 Dec 1854/ Joh. Pet. Berghaus,/ vervaardiger van dit Portrett & Lithograph. (& drukker.)/ Leyden 20 Dec 1854/ uitgevers.’, : ‘Gedeponeerd.’
Cavalry in combat
Object type: beaker
Date: 1730 – 1730
Materials: glass, silver
Subjects: battles,soldiers,men,horses
Mercury Changes Aglauros to Stone, from the Story of Mercury and Herse
Object type: tapestry
Materials: metal, silk, thread, wool
Artist: giovanni battista lodi da cremona
Artist role: designer
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1540 – 1552
Subjects: stairs,men,women,mercury,dogs
Shawl Border Fragment
Object type: costume and accessory
Date: 1815 – 1820
Materials: wool
Techniques: interlocking, weave
Location: india
Titelvignet met bibliotheek en godin Minerva en putti met boeken
Object type: print
Date: 1681 – 1746
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: leiden
Artist: françois van bleyswijck
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1671 – 1746
Subjects: (story of) minerva (pallas, athena), book, vignette, public library
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Titelvignet met interieur van grote bibliotheek in omlijsting met krulornamenten. Voor de lijst troont godin Minerva met putti die boeken raadplegen.
Statue of a Knight
Object type: drawing
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: pencil, paper
Artist: franz von hauslab the younger
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: austrian
Artist dates: 1798 – 1883
Subjects: men,flags,knights
Titelpagina voor: Willem Blaeu en Johan Blaeu, Theatrum orbis terrarum, sive atlas novus, 1640
Object type: titelblad, titelpagina
Date: 1640 – 1640
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: frederick henry (prince of orange), amalia of solms-braunfels, (story of) mars (ares), historical persons (portraits and scenes from the life)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Titelpagina voor: Blaeu, Willem en Blaeu, Johan. Theatrum orbis terrarum, sive atlas novus. Amsterdam: Blaeu, Johannes Willemszoon en Blaeu, Cornelis, 1640.
Prent afkomstig uit een plakalbum met titelprenten, ornamenten etc. op blauw papier in 1983 uit elkaar gehaald. Volgens een notitie op verso zat de prent op p. 122 van dit album.
Fragment steel van vork of lepel uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: spoon
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: tin
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Cutlery, fragment: stem of fork or spoon; fragm, flat, widening towards triangularly pointed end, twisted.
Gold and glass necklace
Object type: necklace
Date: 500 – 468
Materials: glass, gold
Culture: etruscan

Gold mounted glass beads alternating with pendants from a tomb group allegedly from Vulci, one of the richest and most impressive sets of Etruscan jewelry ever found.
Vrouw met een olielamp in haar hand
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1815 – 1852
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: jonkvrouw elisabeth kemper
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1799 – 1871
Subjects: female persons from classical history (+ belonging to greek history), oil-lamp

De vrouw heeft het haar opgestoken en buigt voorover. Vermoedelijk getekend naar klassiek voorbeeld. Ingeplakte tekening op blad 42 recto uit een schetsboek met 94 bladen.
Beads
Object type: bead
Date: 601 – 700
Materials: glass, lacquer
Culture: japanese
Servet met patroon van diverse vruchten
Object type: napkin
Date: 1800 – 1900
Materials: linen
Techniques: damask
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: label: ‘R.M. A'dam’, monogram: ‘TvBF’, number: ‘36’

Servet van linnendamast met patroon van diverse vruchten en bloemen op het middenveld.
Tuin
Object type: stereograph
Date: 1900 – 1985
Techniques: autochrome process
Artist: Anonymous
Donamon Castle
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1792 – 1792
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: london
Subjects: landscape with ruins, landscape with tower or castle
Inscriptions: date

Prent verschenen in: Grose, Francis. The antiquities of Ireland, dl. 2. Londen: S. Hooper, 1795.
Les forces de l'Europe, ou description des principales villes, avec leurs fortifications : dessignées par les meilleurs ingenieurs, particulierement celles (...) de la France, dont les plans ont esté levez par M. de Vauban
Object type: map
Date: 1693 – 1695
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: fortress, maps of cities, le havre

Plattegrond van de versterkingen om de Franse stad Le Havre. Onderdeel van het derde deel (1695) van het prentwerk waarin gebundeld zijn de acht delen van Les forces de l'Europe uitgegeven tussen 1693-1697. Het prentwerk bestaat uit 175 platen met plannen (afkomstig van Sébastien Le Prestre, Seigneur de Vauban) van vermaarde sterke steden en vestingen in de Negenjarige Oorlog. Titel en opschriften in het Frans.
Gezicht op de voormalige vuilnisbelt bij de Buyskade
Object type: drawing
Date: 1907 – 1927
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: brush
Location: amsterdam
Artist: anthonie van teijn
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1863 – 1943
Subjects: tower, clock tower ~ monumental adornment, city-view in general; 'veduta', canal, garbage collection
Inscriptions: signature and date: ‘VanTeyne / 27’

Tekening binnen de Atlas Van Eck ingedeeld op wijknummer 30.
Mausoleum van Augustus te Rome
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1576 – 1618
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Location: italy
Subjects: mausoleum

Tekst in het Italiaans onder de voorstelling. De prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Reverse ripple frame
Object type: frame
Date: 1667 – 1733
Materials: wood
Culture: southern italian
Portret van Anton Ulrich von Braunschweig-Lüneburg
Object type: print
Date: 1643 – 1693
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: historical persons, writer, poet, author
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Gezicht op de Amstel bij Huis De Omval
Object type: print
Date: 1708 – 1740
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: matthijs pool
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1676 – 1740
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat, river, rowing-boat, canoe, etc.
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233, collector's mark: Lugt 195

Prent gebruikt in: Pool, Matthijs. Verscheyde gesigten van de vermaarde rievier de buyten Amstel van de stadt Amsterdam, tot het dorp Ouwerkerk (…) / Plusieurs veuës et perspectives de la fameuse riviére de Buyten-Amstel depuis Amsterdam jusqu'au village d'Ouwerkerk (…). Amsterdam: Matthijs Pool, z.j. [1708-1740].
Terracotta fragment of a bell-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water)
Object type: bell krater fragment
Date: 460 – 450
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Hair, neck, part of upper torso, and left hand of a draped woman wearing a chiton and himation
Portret van Carel Vosmaer
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: johan braakensiek
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1858 – 1940
Subjects: the hague, print maker, draughtsman, carel vosmaer, historical persons, portrait of a writer, portrait, self-portrait of graphic artist, portrait, self-portrait of draughtsman
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Dit portret werd uitgegeven als bijvoegsel bij De Amsterdammer, Weekblad voor Nederland op 24 juni 1888.
Gezicht op Westminster Abbey en Houses of Parliament in Londen
Object type: cabinet photograph
Date: 1882 – 1930
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: houses of parliament
Artist: francis godolphin osbourne stuart
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1843 – 1923
Subjects: lower house, parliament, chamber
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Cromwell road Southampton./ Photographed by/ F.G.O. Stuart/ Portrait&Landscape Photographer/ late/ 4, Hamlet Terrace,/ Upper Norwood, S.E./ and/ 75 St. Paul's Churchyard E.C.’, annotation: ‘3 Aug '95./ The Houses of Parliament/ London’, name: ‘Arthur G. Atterbury’
Bataille des Eperons d'or
Object type: print
Date: 1895 – 1895
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Artist: james ensor
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1860 – 1949
Subjects: battle
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De Guldensporenslag (Slag bij Kortrijk) vond plaats in 1302 tussen milities van het Graafschap Vlaanderen en Filips IV (koning van Frankrijk).
Woman Hanging Out Clothes
Object type: print
Date: 1855 – 1855
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching
Location: france
Artist: jean françois millet
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1814 – 1875
Drie klauwstukken en drie zwikstukken
Object type: print
Date: 1565 – 1565
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: antwerp
Subjects: composite order ~ architecture, corinthian order ~ architecture

Drie segmenten met in totaal drie halve klauwstukken en drie halve zwikstukken, gedecoreerd met cartouches, beslagwerk, grotesken en guirlandes. Op elk klauwstuk een kind. De prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Rustende arbeiders
Object type: print
Date: 1881 – 1934
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching, intaglio
Artist: johannes josephus aarts
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1871 – 1934
Subjects: working class, labourers, resting - bb - out of doors
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een groep mannen in werkkleding, onder hen een man die zit op een omgekeerde kuip en een liggende man.
Offering Table of Seti I
Object type: offering table, seti i
Date: 1294 – 1279
Location: memphite region

This large offering slab was placed in a temple and dedicated by Seti I to the god Seth: it bears a representation of bread loaves and libation jars on the top. Where the spout would normally be, there is a smoothly finished depression, which suggests the piece was repaired in ancient times. On two sides of the depression are parallel scenes depicting the king worshipping Seth (on the right) and offering libation to his consort Nephthys. All pictorial and textual references to Seth have been defaced, except for his hieroglyph in writing the name of the king.
Gezicht op de Champs-Élysées met de Arc de Triomphe
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1890 – 1898
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: paris
Artist: edouard hautecoer
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1847 – 1904
Subjects: avenue, boulevard, promenade, esplanade (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘672 Paris - Perspective de l'Avenue des Champs-Elysées. Ed. H. Phot.’, retailer's mark: ‘E. Hautecoeur/ Estampes Photographies/ 35 Avenue de l'Opéra, 35/ Paris’
Plate Three, from A New Book of Ornaments
Object type: print
Date: 1704 – 1704
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: simon gribelin ii
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1661 – 1733

Simon Gribelin II’s charming set of 12 engravings makes up a book of ornament patterns that could be copied by artists and perused by enthusiasts. The detailed images in the New Book of Ornament Useful to All Artists alternate between sinuous frames with historical and mythological cartouches and more schematic images in the shape of medallions, decorative bands, and jewelry.
Connoisseur's Book of Silk Fragments
Object type: book of silk fragment
Date: 1867 – 1900
Materials: metal thread, silk
Culture: japanese
Subjects: flowers

This album, probably compiled in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, contains fragments of kosode from the seventeenth to nineteenth century. Precedents for compiling albums of textiles can be found among the records of tea ceremony aficionados, who preserved and studied textiles associated with the tea ceremony, such as mountings for paintings and bags for treasured utensils. The identity of the textile connoisseur who owned this album is not known. Since several of the kosode fragments in the album have counterparts among the Nomura collection's screens, it seems likely that the compiler was one of Nomura's contemporaries who took part in the avid textile collecting of the first few decades of the twentieth century.
Bex et les Alpes
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1870 – 1930
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: bex
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta', mountains
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘[...] Fig [...] verlag/ Weggis (Luzern)’, number: ‘No 471.’
Portrait of Alid van der Laen (1542-1626)
Object type: painting
Date: 1653 – 1653
Materials: oil, panel
Subjects: mayor, historical persons - bb - woman
Inscriptions: coat of arms, top left corner: a silver chevron with three silver, gold-banded barrels on a blue field

Portret van Alid van der Laen, echtgenote van Maerten Ruychaver. Ten halven lijve, staande naar links met de handen voor de buik. Pendant van SK-C-520.
Portretten van Sophia en Oscar, hertogin en hertog van Östergötland
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1865 – 1880
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons, styles of hairdress - aa - ~ women, neck-gear ~ clothing, medals and other marks of military honour, ruler, sovereign, decorations, honours (as symbols of the state, etc.), (military) uniforms, beard, nobility and patriciate; chivalry, knighthood

Onderdeel van Fotoalbum met 123 cartes-de-visite van leden van Europese vorstenhuizen, politici en bekende personen.
Lange wijde matrozenbroek, met metalen knopen, van wit linnen, afgezet met blauwe banden
Object type: matrozenbroek
Date: 1930 – 1940
Materials: linen, metal
Location: gosport
Artist: william rowe
Artist role: designer

Adres knopen: W. Rowe, Gospact, England.
Tripod incense burner
Object type: incense burner
Date: 1736 – 1795
Materials: copper alloy, enamel, gilt
Techniques: enamel
Culture: chinese

Emperor Qianlong’s interest in antiquarianism influenced the design of decorative artworks in the court. This incense burner follows the shape of a bronze tripod ding vessel. The colorful floral scrolls in cloisonné enamel are enhanced by the gilded relief band at the center, which is decorated with a pattern inspired by the animal-mask design ubiquitous in ancient imagery.
Venus and Cupid
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1789 – 1789
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Location: england
Artist: john deare
Artist nationality: english
Artist dates: 1759 – 1798
Inscriptions: Signed, dated, and inscribed, lower right, in pen and black ink: “J. Deare - June . 1789 – Rome”

John Deare, one of the finest British sculptors of the late 1700s, was also a superb draftsman. Venus and Cupid is a highly finished study for a relief sculpture of the same subject (now in the Cliffe Castle Museum in Yorkshire). Consistent with his profession, Deare’s drawing technique is characterized by severe linearity, minimal shading, and a frieze-like arrangement of figures, as though the whole were carved from a block of stone.
Cupid holds an outsize butterfly, an allusion to his wedding to Psyche. In Neoplatonic philosophy, the butterfly signifies the immortality of the soul. Gazing intensely into Cupid’s eyes, Venus expresses maternal affection while at the same time registering an erotic charge.
Halberd
Object type: halberd
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: steel, wood
Culture: french
Location: france
Chessmen (32)
Object type: chessman
Date: 1853 – 1853
Materials: ivory
Subjects: chess,games
[Bastam, Tomb Tower (built 1313), Khorasan]
Object type: photograph
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: luigi pesce
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1818 – 1891
Subjects: architecture,tombs,towers
Horizontal Panel Design with a Male Figure and a Lion Interspersed between Acanthus Rinceaux
Object type: collection ornament architecture
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: ink, drawing material
Techniques: pen
Artist: anonymous, italian, venetian, 17th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1600 – 1700
Subjects: men,lions

Design for a horizontal panel filled with a meandering acanthus rinceau. On the right side a male figure with a shield, whose lower body consists of acanthus leaves, attacks a lion (depicted in the center). Below them, there is a fantastical creature with the body of a snake and a llama-like head.
[Man Holding Book, Standing Before a Painted Scenic Backdrop]
Object type: ambrotype
Techniques: ambrotype
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: artist
Subjects: men,portraits
Les Travaux d'Ulysse
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1633 – 1633
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: paris
Subjects: ulysses and the ghost of tiresias, who tells him about the future

Tiresias drinkt eerst van het bloed van het offer dat Odysseus in de onderwereld gebracht heeft. Daarna drinken de andere schimmen ervan. Odysseus is op de achtergrond met een aantal mannen in gesprek. De prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Card Number 125, Miss Farrell, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-2) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-2), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the second subset, N145-2. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
Le Char de L'Amour, from "Guerre de Beauté" (Guerra di Bellezza) (War of Beauty)
Object type: print
Date: 1616 – 1616
Techniques: etching
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
Salver (one of a pair)
Object type: salver
Date: 1703 – 1704
Materials: silver gilt
Artist: andrew moore
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1664 – 1664
Iconographie
Object type: print
Date: 1640 – 1645
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: louvain, justus lipsius, history and archaeology (+ portrait of scholar, scientist), historical persons, book
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Brief aan Philip Zilcken
Object type: letter
Date: 1906 – 1906
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: amersfoort
Artist: maurits van der valk
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1935
Subjects: the hague, painter, draughtsman, philip zilcken, the graphic arts, money, venice
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Old Trees, Level Distance
Object type: handscroll
Date: 1080 – 1080
Materials: ink, silk
Culture: chinese
Artist: guo xi
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: chinese
Artist dates: 1000 – 1090
Subjects: landscapes,trees

Guo Xi, the preeminent landscape painter of the late eleventh century, sought to give form to poetic images and emotions and was particularly interested in conveying the nuances of seasons and times of day. Old Trees, Level Distance,a variation on the classic “level-distance” formula of tall foreground trees set against a wide river valley, is probably a late work done for a fellow government official on the eve of his retirement. In the final section of the handscroll, the leafless trees and deepening mist impart a forlorn, autumnal air to a scene in which two elderly figures approach a pavilion, perhaps to join colleagues in bidding farewell to a friend.