deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Page from Ein new kunstlich Modelbuch...(Page 22v)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1544 – 1544
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: peter quentel
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1500 – 1550
Subjects: flowers

Published by Peter Guentel, Cologne. Illustrated title page, architectural border on reverse of title page, 99 pages of designs, arms of Cologne on last page (Merlos 1063.477, Van Worms).
Miniature Vase
Object type: vase
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: copper, glaze, porcelain
Culture: chinese
Boottochtje
Object type: photograph
Date: 1925 – 1927
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: photography
Location: suriname
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: jetten, familie, moengo

Boottochtje langs wassende dorpelingen. Foto op een bladzijde van een los albumblad. Onderdeel van het ensemble met foto's van de familie van ingenieur Jetten in de mijnbouwstad Moengo in Suriname.
Writing and dressing table
Object type: writing and dressing table
Date: 1785 – 1785
Materials: wood, brass, gilt bronze, leather, marble, steel
Artist: martin carlin
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1725 – 1785

As was often the case with eighteenth-century French furniture, this table was intended for different purposes, in this case both writing and dressing. The green morocco leather panel fitted in the top as well as the writing slide in the central drawer makes this table suitable for letter writing. The square adjustable mirror inside the top and the two lidded compartments for the storage of toiletries also identify this piece as a dressing table. The marks M. CARLIN beneath the side rails indicates that this table was made by Martin Carlin, a celebrated cabinet-maker known for his elegant pieces of furniture commissioned by Queen Marie-Antoinette and many French aristocrats. The table's rectangular shape and its four square tapering legs are characteristic of the neoclassical style. Probably made around 1785, just before the French Revolution, this table may have been one of the last pieces executed by Carlin. Its simplicity differs from the precious furniture, frequently mounted with lacquer panels or Sèvres porcelain plaques, Carlin made for the French court. The unusual fittings of the interior and especially the marble slab for protection against spilled unguents as well as the adjustable mirror may suggest that this table was perhaps owned by a celebrated actress (such as Sophie Arnould or La Guimard) as a make-up table for a stage dressing room.
Brief aan Anna Dorothea Dirks
Object type: letter
Date: 1899 – 1924
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: the hague
Artist: peggy nicoline kappeyne van de coppello
Artist dates: 1851 – 1924
Subjects: artist, anna dorothea dirks, amsterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Portret van Willem, prins der Nederlanden
Object type: print
Date: 1853 – 1853
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: the hague, willem (prins der nederlanden)
Inscriptions: check stamp: ‘Frans Buffa & Zonen’

De hier vermelde titel verwijst naar de hoogst verkregen titel van de geportretteerde, niet per se naar de titel die de geportretteerde op deze voorstelling draagt.
Cider jug
Object type: cider jug
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: stone
Basin with Enamelled Handles, Decorated with Dragon and Ram Heads
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: chalk, gold paint, gouache, paper, paint, watercolor
Techniques: heightening
Location: belgium
Artist: giuseppe grisoni
Artist nationality: italian, born flanders
Artist dates: 1699 – 1769
Flagon
Object type: flagon
Date: 1788 – 1788
Materials: pewter
Artist: stephen maxwell
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: scottish
Artist dates: 1781 – 1784

The inscription on this flagon indicates that it and a pewter chalice (65.199.5) belonged to the same congregation under the ministry of John Fairly.
Dumbarton Presbytery
Object type: photograph
Materials: paper
Techniques: salted paper print
Location: scotland
Artist: david octavius hill
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: scottish
Artist dates: 1802 – 1870
Inscriptions: Inscribed recto, on hinged matte, upper right, in graphite: "17"; recto, on hinged matte, along bottom edge, in graphite: "Presbytery of Dumbarton / Alexander of Vettillianof [?] Gordsie [?] ? Rev. Boumer [?] / Schwarz 2.35 Amlocker [?] Cardron [?] Q1060jx"; unmarked verso

Painter and illustrator David Octavius Hill engaged photographer Robert Adamson to help him fulfill a monumental commission to commemorate the so-called Disruption of 1843, in which the Free Church of Scotland was formed when a group of ministers seceded from the country’s established church. Hill wished to portray each of the nearly 450 participants at the Disruption Assembly, and found an efficient means of doing so by working from photographs, specifically the recently patented paper negative process, which Adamson had begun practicing professionally earlier that year. Together, Hill and Adamson made around 2,500 images in the short period before Adamson’s illness and death; it then took Hill 20 years to complete the painting. This is one of the few carefully composed group portraits that Hill eventually transferred almost unchanged onto canvas—he painted one man as bald, however, to reflect his later appearance.
Pastoral Cruelty
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: germany
Artist: johann lorenz rugendas i
Artist role: print maker
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1730 – 1799

Damon:
Chloris! Is solitude better than a secure home?
Is it better than the love that true Damon offers you?

Chloris:
Damon, hold your tongue about your love, which is laughable to me.
My freedom and my roses, I love both more than you.

Johann Lorenz Rugendas I’s etchings often feature playful vignettes atop classically ornamented stands. Here Damon and Chloris appear in an Arcadian setting, surrounded by lush vegetation. In response to Damon’s declaration of love, Chloris recoils, upending her basket of roses. This forceful rejection of his love provides a piquant alternative to the normally placid and tranquil tone of pastoral poetry.
Auguste Degas
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1859 – 1859
Materials: graphite, paper
Techniques: stumping
Location: france
Artist: edgar degas
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1834 – 1917
Inscriptions: Inscribed verso, upper left, in graphite: "H" [?]; partially erased inscription, lower left, in graphite: "…gas…"

Family portraits dominated Edgar Degas’s output in the 1850s. Before his departure for Italy in 1856 (and again, on his return in 1859), he depicted his brothers and sisters; during his time abroad he turned his attention to his grandfather, aunts, uncles, and cousins. Although Degas lived in the family house for the spring and summer of 1859, this is the only known formal portrait of his father from those early years. Stylistically, the work owes much to the restrained draftsmanship of Ingres, whom Degas met and admired in his student days. The use of shading, however, softens the facial features and lends a surprising sensuality.
Landschap met water, riet en roeiboot
Object type: print
Date: 1887 – 1887
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Artist: jan veth
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1925
Subjects: landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone), rowing-boat, canoe, etc., plants and herbs: reed
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Trade Card for Robert Griffith, Seal and Copper Plate Engraver
Object type: print, trade card
Date: 1701 – 1800
Techniques: engraving
Artist: anonymous, british, 18th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1700 – 1800
Banknote vignette with figures of different ages, representing the stages of life
Object type: print
Date: 1824 – 1837
Techniques: printmaking, engraving, etching
Artist: asher brown durand
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1796 – 1886
Subjects: infants,men,women,money
Arme schoenmaker in gesprek met een rijke man
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1704 – 1704
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, letterpress printing
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: contrast between rich and poor, conversation, dialogue; conversation piece, shoe-maker, cobbler
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie uit: Abraham a Sancta Clara. Heilsames Gemisch Gemasch, das ist: Allerley seltsame und verwunderliche Geschichten (...). Neurenberg: Christoph Weigel, 1704, p. 79.
Side Chair
Object type: side chair
Date: 1790 – 1790
Materials: wood
Culture: american
Location: united states
Portret van P. Visser, profiel naar rechts
Object type: drawing
Date: 1874 – 1925
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: jan veth
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1925
Subjects: piet visser, historical persons
Parkgebouw
Object type: photograph
Date: 1898 – 1902
Techniques: albumen print
Location: suriname
Subjects: suriname

De buitensociëteit 'Het Park' in Paramaribo.
Het beleg van Alkmaar
Object type: print
Date: 1730 – 1730
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: coenraet decker
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1650 – 1685
Subjects: siege, position war, bombardment ~ siege, siege arms, e.g.: battering ram

Prent waarschijnlijk uit: Le Clerc, Jean. Geschiedenissen der Vereenigde Nederlanden, sedert den aanvang van die Republyk tot op den Vrede van Utrecht in 't jaar 1713 en het Tractaat van Barriere in 't jaar 1715 gesloten. Amsterdam: Zacharias Chatelain, 1730, dl. 1, p. 50-51.
Waterdichtmaken van de romp van een schip
Object type: print
Date: 1650 – 1664
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: reinier nooms
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1623 – 1664
Subjects: repairing, caulking, careening (~ ship)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a

Een groot zeilschip ligt gekield in een werf. Mannen op een vlot werken aan de romp van het schip. In de haven tweede zeilschip, een roeiboot met passagiers en een fluitschip bij een golfbreker.
Journal des Dames et des Modes, Costumes Parisiens, 5 novembre 1818, (1771): 1. Cornettes de Perkale (...)
Object type: fashion print
Date: 1818 – 1818
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, hand coloring
Location: paris
Subjects: head-gear (cornette) (+ women's clothes), fashion plates, head-gear: hat (+ women's clothes)
Inscriptions: caption: ‘1. Cornettes de Perkale, garnies de coques de Mousseline. 2, Chapeau de Gros de Naples. 3, Chapeau de pluche. 4, Cornette de Tulle et Mousseline.’, title: ‘Costumes Parisiens.’

Zes verschillende hoeden en mutsen in één kader, genummerd één tot en met vier. 1. 'Cornettes' van katoenbatist (percale) gegarneerd met 'coques' van mousseline. 2. Hoed van 'gros de Naples'. 3. Hoed van pluche. 4. 'Cornette' van tule en Mousseline. De prent maakt deel uit van het modetijdschrift Journal des Dames et des Modes, uitgegeven door Pierre de la Mésangère, Parijs, 1797-1839.
Discussiërende mannen voor een poort
Object type: print
Date: 1722 – 1784
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: simon fokke
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1712 – 1784
Subjects: on fire, ablaze, quarrel, argument
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Voor een poort voeren twee mannen met geheven armen een discussie. Op de grond ligt een schedel en een hakbijl. Achter de poort staan figuren die wijzen naar een grote brand in de verte.
Houtzaagmolen 't Aalsmeerderwapen aan de Mennonietensloot
Object type: drawing
Date: 1807 – 1807
Materials: ink, paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: d.e. simon thomas
Artist role: draughtsman
Subjects: saw-mill (works)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘ten eynde van het Menoniete Pad. by de Weeterings Poort./ G'offreerd aan mijn Zeer Waarde Vriend den Heer A : Brondgeest./ door Z: Ed: vrind D: E: Simon Thomas./ 7 obr. 1807’

De houtzaagmolen werd in 1834 afgebroken.
Design for an Armor with Tournament Headdress
Object type: collection ornament architecture
Date: 1620 – 1656
Materials: ink
Techniques: wash
Artist: baccio del bianco
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1604 – 1656
Subjects: armor,military clothing

View in three-quarters of a design for an armor (facing the right). The armor itself is relatively simple, but the helmet has been decorated with an elaborate headdress, shaped like a lizard with a very lavish tail made up out of feathers and plumes.
Side Chair
Object type: side chair
Date: 1740 – 1790
Materials: wood
Culture: american
Location: united states
A Royal Woman
Object type: statue, royal woman, upper half
Date: 1919 – 1878
Location: egypt
Subjects: women

This typical representation of a royal woman shows the usual uraeus serpent at her brow. The square shape of the face and the voluminous hairstyle place the piece in the middle of Dynasty 12. Just enough is preserved of the proper right arm to show that it was bent: the royal woman was originally represented seated.
Ram's Head
Object type: head
Date: 206 – 220
Materials: glaze, pottery
Culture: chinese
Subjects: rams
De Bossche carnaval afgeschaft
Object type: print
Date: 1917 – 1917
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: netherlands
Artist: willy sluiter
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1873 – 1949
Subjects: mask, carnival, shrovetide (non-liturgical celebration), human-shaped devil, political caricatures and satires, den bosch

Deze prent werd uitgegeven als Bijvoegsel van De Nieuwe Amsterdammer. Onafhankelijk Nederlandsch weekblad onder redactie van Mr. H.P.L. Wiessing, Amsterdam, nr. 124, 12 mei 1917.
Journal des Dames et des Modes, Costume Parisien, 16 novembre 1799, An 8, (172.) : Chapeau-Cornette
Object type: fashion print
Date: 1799 – 1799
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, hand coloring
Location: paris
Subjects: head-gear (cornette) (+ women's clothes), fashion plates, head-gear: hat (+ women's clothes), shoes, sandals (+ women's clothes), dress, gown (+ women's clothes), fan (+ women's clothes)
Inscriptions: caption: ‘Chapeau-Cornette’, title: ‘Costume Parisien’

Staande vrouw met op het hoofd een 'Chapeau- Cornette'. Zij draagt een 'canezou' op een geruite japon met korte mouwen en sleep. Met de linkerhand houdt ze haar japon op. Waaier. platte schoen met puntige neus. De prent maakt deel uit van het modetijdschrift Journal des Dames et des Modes, uitgegeven door Pierre de la Mésangère, Parijs, 1797-1839.
Landschap met bomen
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1834 – 1906
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: maria vos
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1824 – 1906
Subjects: landscapes

Blad 17 recto uit een schetsboek met 17 bladen.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix: Band cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 550 – 526
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Lower body and feet of a draped male to left, wearing a himation patterned with rosettes
Studie van een zittend mannelijk naakt, naar rechts
Object type: drawing
Date: 1854 – 1854
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: august allebé
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1927
Subjects: sitting figure
Heilige Theresia
Object type: print
Date: 1641 – 1678
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Subjects: the foundress of the reformed (discalced) carmelites, t(h)eres(i)a of avila; possible attributes: angel, arrow, dove, heart (flaming or pierced by an arrow), angel(s) with chalice
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

De heilige Theresia in het habijt van de karmelietessen. Een engel brengt haar een kelk met hostie. Theresia houdt een brandend hart in haar hand.
War, from "Virtues and Vices"
Object type: print
Date: 1596 – 1597
Techniques: engraving
Artist: zacharias dolendo
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1561 – 1604
Waistcoat
Object type: waistcoat
Date: 1750 – 1770
Materials: linen, metal, silk
Culture: british
Subjects: flowers

Waistcoats and vests of the 18th and 19th centuries served as a layer protection and ornamentation during a period in fashion when the coat was intended to be left open in the front. The color was often chosen to complement the suit and covered in imaginative embroideries, heavily woven patterns or shiny satins made to draw the eye. The style of the neck, the length and the hem treatment fluctuated as the tastes changed from over-sized coats of the early 18th century to narrow tightly fitted coats of the late 18th century and onward. This shimmering waistcoat would have been magnificent in its original condition and likely have been reserved for the most formal occasions, possibly a court appearance or an official high ceremony. In addition, it would originally have been a very expensive purchase since it is woven entirely out of metallic threads, which were inherently more difficult to manipulate and costly. The elegant beauty of the finished garment shows the importance it would have held in any man's wardrobe.
Annie Livingston, from the Actresses series (N245) issued by Kinney Brothers to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1890 – 1890
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N245), issued in 1890 by Kinney Brothers Tobacco to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes.
Plate 1, from "Friezes with Birds, Flowers and Meandering Wreaths and Scrolls"
Object type: ornament architecture
Date: 1600 – 1617
Techniques: etching
Artist: theodor bang
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1606 – 1606
Subjects: eagles,flowers

Title page to the series of friezes with a double-headed eagle in the middle. With its beaks it is holding up garlands with fruit. Around its neck a shield is attached on which the the names of Bang and Caimox have been placed.
American Ptarmigan, from the Game Birds series (N13) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: birds

Trade cards from the "Game Birds" series (N13), issued in 1889 in a set of 50 cards to promote Allen & Ginter brand cigarettes.
P. Corneille
Object type: print
Date: 1818 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: pierre corneille, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a
Marseille (...). Notre Dame de la Garde
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1900 – 1903
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph, writing
Location: marseille
Subjects: (high) hill, church (exterior)
Inscriptions: postage stamp
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt knielt op het schavot voor zijn onthoofding, 1619
Object type: print
Date: 1698 – 1698
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: jan luyken
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1649 – 1712
Subjects: johan van oldenbarnevelt, maurice (prince of orange), on the scaffold or place of execution, violent death by beheading

Andere staat van prent ook gebruikt in: Bosch, Lambert van den. Treur-toonneel der doorluchtige mannen, of op- en ondergang der grooten, vertoont in de rampzalige geschiedenissen van (…). 3 dln. Amsterdam: Jan Claesz ten Hoorn, 1698, dl. 2, afd. 4, p. 61.
Communion Flagon
Object type: communion flagon
Date: 1830 – 1870
Materials: glass
Techniques: glassblowing
Culture: american
Location: united states
Rock Hudson
Object type: playing card
Date: 1960 – 1970
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: portrait of actor, actress
Cup
Object type: cup
Date: 900 – 801
Materials: ceramic
Culture: iranian
Location: iran
Staande dame, met hoge hoed en de handen in de zij
Object type: drawing
Date: 1864 – 1936
Materials: chalk, ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: jan van essen
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1854 – 1936
Plate 2, from twenty ornamental designs for goblets and beakers
Object type: print
Date: 1604 – 1604
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: germany
Artist: master a.p.
Jean Dupuis
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1867 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Artist: étienne carjat
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1828 – 1906
Subjects: adult man, historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Galerie Contemporaine/ Ludovic Baschet, éditeur./ Né a Saint-Just-la-Pendue (Loire), le 8 décembre 1829’
Children's Ankle Boots
Object type: boot
Date: 1867 – 1933
Materials: cotton, leather, silk
Location: syria
Subjects: boots
Fotoreproductie van een prent naar Madonna del Silenzio door Annibale Carracci
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1865 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: madonna: i.e. mary with the christ-child
De terugkeer van de verloren zoon
Object type: print
Date: 1767 – 1768
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: etching
Location: rome
Artist: john runciman
Artist role: artist
Artist dates: 1744 – 1766

De Schotse kunstenaar John Runciman reisde met zijn oudere broer Alexander in 1767 naar Rome. Hier schilderde hij een zelfportret (National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh) en maakte deze ets. In 1768 raakte hij besmet met tuberculose en vernielde in psychische nood een deel van zijn werk. Hij vertrok naar Napels waar hij in 1768 of 1769 overleed op 24- of 25-jarige leeftijd. Het overgeleverde oeuvre van John Runciman is klein en afdrukken van zijn twee bekende etsen zijn uiterst zeldzaam. Op de afdrukken van de Verloren zoon in Edinburgh en in het British Museum, Londen (2 exemplaren) ontbreekt het signatuur. In de onderhavige afdruk is onderaan een signatuur in spiegelbeeld zichtbaar dat met droge naald in de plaat is gekrast. Het betreft dus een vooralsnog onbeschreven tweede staat van de ets.
't Huijs op een Steenrots
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1681 – 1681
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: jan luyken
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1649 – 1712
Subjects: house built upon a rock; house built upon sand ~ doctrine of christ on love, etc. (matthew 7:24-27; luke 6:47-49)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Twintig prenten van deze serie (waaronder de hier besproken prent) verschenen mogelijk voor het eerst in: Het Nieuwe Testament ofte alle Boecken des Nieuwen Verbondts onses Heeren Iesu Christi. Amsterdam: Hieronymus Sweerts, Jan ten Hoorn, Jan Bouman en Daniel van den Dalen, 1681. De complete vierentwintigdelige serie prenten is opgenomen in: Het Nieuwe Testament ofte alle Boecken des Nieuwen Verbondts onses Heeren Iesu Christi. Dordrecht: Pieter en Jacob Keur, 172X (niet voor 1727). De prenten werden, hetzij alle tezamen, hetzij gedeeltelijk, veel gebruikt tot versiering van Nieuwe Testamenten en verschenen tevens in kopie.
Portret van Jacques Necker
Object type: print
Date: 1818 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: minister ~ government, historical persons
Gezichten op Parijs en Frankrijk
Object type: print
Date: 1631 – 1661
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: landscape with tower or castle (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent maakt deel uit van een ongenummerde serie van zestien prenten.
The Excavation of an Obelisk from the Campo Marzo
Object type: print
Date: 1749 – 1749
Techniques: etching
Artist: jean barbault
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1718 – 1762
Subjects: obelisks,men,hieroglyphs,rome
First View of the Surroundings of Rochefort
Object type: print
Date: 1770 – 1770
Techniques: engraving
Artist: joseph vernet
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1714 – 1789