deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Bucket
Object type: bucket
Date: 1701 – 1900
Materials: copper
Location: turkey
Pair of Practice Swords
Object type: pair of practice sword
Date: 1575 – 1625
Materials: brass, leather, steel, wood
Culture: german, saxon
Location: germany
Plaque fragment
Object type: relief
Date: 800 – 601
Materials: ivory
Culture: assyrian
Location: mesopotamia

This small broken piece of ivory was originally part of a plaque. Carved ivory plaques were widely used in the production of elite furniture during the early first millennium B.C. They were often inlaid into a wooden frame using joinery techniques and glue, and could be overlaid with gold foil or inlaid with colored glass or stone pieces to create a dazzling effect of gleaming surfaces and bright colors. This fragment is made up of thin-walled carved cells, called cloisons, that were filled with colored inlays whose color has changed over time as the material degraded. The small circular yellow inlays are well preserved. Traces of blue and red color in the cloisons were left by the material that fixed the inlays in place rather than by the inlays themselves. When the royal buildings at Nimrud were sacked during the fall of Assyria in 614 and 612 B.C., looters stripped the gold inlay from the ivory furniture and left the broken pieces behind. This piece may have been part of a background pattern. Built by the Assyrian king Ashurnasirpal II, the palaces and storerooms of Nimrud housed thousands of pieces of carved ivory. Most of the ivories served as furniture inlays or small precious objects such as boxes. While some of them were carved in the same style as the large Assyrian reliefs lining the walls of the Northwest Palace, the majority of the ivories display images and styles related to the arts of North Syria and the Phoenician city-states. Phoenician style ivories are distinguished by their use of imagery related to Egyptian art, such as sphinxes and figures wearing pharaonic crowns, and the use of elaborate carving techniques such as openwork and colored glass inlay. North Syrian style ivories tend to depict stockier figures in more dynamic compositions, carved as solid plaques with fewer added decorative elements. However, some pieces do not fit easily into any of these three styles. Most of the ivories were probably collected by the Assyrian kings as tribute from vassal states, and as booty from conquered enemies, while some may have been manufactured in workshops at Nimrud. The ivory tusks that provided the raw material for these objects were almost certainly from African elephants, imported from lands south of Egypt, although elephants did inhabit several river valleys in Syria until they were hunted to extinction by the end of the eighth century B.C.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 490
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, bent leg with greave and spear of warrior to right
Religieus draagteken met St Jozef
Object type: history medal
Date: 1750 – 1850
Materials: brass
Techniques: striking

Ovaal messing draagteken met draagoog, op de voorzijde Josef met Kind, met omschrift, op de keerzijde een kind met beschermengel, met omschrift.
Shin bijutsukai - junana
Object type: book
Date: 1903 – 1903
Materials: gold powder, paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: kyoto
Inscriptions: date
Kruisiging van Christus
Object type: print
Date: 1618 – 1618
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: netherlands
Subjects: the cross(es) in the middle distance
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent uit serie van twaalf prenten met scènes uit de Passie. Reeks geïnspireerd door de prenten van Hendrick Goltzius en Lucas van Leyden.
Mirror
Object type: mirror
Date: 794 – 1185
Materials: bronze
Culture: japanese
Ida Mulle, from the Actresses series (N245) issued by Kinney Brothers to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1890 – 1890
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N245), issued in 1890 by Kinney Brothers Tobacco to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes.
Titelpagina voor: L. van den Bos, Toneel der ongevallen, en bijspel van vorstelycke treurgevallen, 1699
Object type: titelblad, titelpagina
Date: 1699 – 1699
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, letterpress printing
Location: rotterdam
Subjects: flowers, container made of plant material other than wood: basket
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een mand met bloemen met daarboven 15 regels in het Nederlands. Onderaan het impressum. Titelpagina voor (de tweede uitgave van) een boek van Lambert van den Bos met in totaal twinting prenten van Arnold Houbraken.
Deez kinderprent leert, kort en goed / Wat nut de werktuigkunde doet / Hoe zij der menschen werk verligt, / En onbegryplyk veel verricht
Object type: popular print
Date: 1866 – 1902
Materials: paper
Techniques: colour, letterpress printing
Location: europe
Subjects: tools and machines ~ building, printing press, dock crane
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 8 voorstellingen van mannen die werktuigen gebruiken, zoals een pers en een hijskraan. Onder elke afbeelding een zesregelig vers. Genummerd midden boven: 35.
Originals
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: england
Artist: Unknown English Artist
Artist nationality: english
Domed Shield
Object type: shield
Date: 1401 – 1800
Materials: brass, iron, leather, pigment, silver
Culture: tibetan
Location: tibet
Djed pillar Amulet
Object type: amulet, djed pillar
Date: 664 – 332
Materials: faience
Location: egypt

The djed-pillar is a stylized representation of an early fetish that probably consisted of plant material. From the beginning of ancient Egyptian history, it was used as a symbol signifying permanence. Later it was associated with the god Osiris and identified as his backbone. The djed-pillar here was probably used as a funerary amulet to ensure permanence and to closely connect the deceased to Osiris, who was revived after death.
Band
Object type: band
Date: 201 – 400
Materials: wool
Techniques: weave
Location: egypt
Santa Lucia, Naples
Object type: photograph
Date: 1845 – 1846
Materials: paper, photographic print
Artist: calvert richard jones
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british, welsh
Artist dates: 1802 – 1877
Subjects: architecture,buildings,cities

Jones set out from England on an ambitious photographic Grand Tour of Italy and Malta in 1845, having learned the paper negative photographic process directly from its British inventor, William Henry Fox Talbot. During his journey, Jones took an innovative approach to producing panoramas: he moved the camera in a slight arc between two exposures until the left-hand side of the second view coincided with the right-hand side of the first. Here, the pairing of the prints allows for a sweeping view of architecture along the waterfront in Naples, emphasizing the visual rhyme between bedsheets drying harborside and windows and awnings dotting the buildings above.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 480
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, toes of right foot; Exterior, knee?
Cup
Object type: cup
Date: 800 – 701
Materials: terracotta
Culture: etruscan

Reddish-brown one-handled cup, narrow incised band on shoulder and handle, and a boss inside.
Mug
Object type: mug
Date: 1750 – 1750
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: glazing
Artist: john astbury
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1688 – 1743
Plaque
Object type: covering and hanging
Materials: jade
Location: china
Herenbank in de Bartholomeüskerk te Schoonhoven
Object type: photograph
Date: 1807 – 1891
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: grote of bartholomeüskerk
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: bench, interior of church
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Schoonhoven Regeeringsbank July 1891’, annotation, inscription: ‘neg. no 6242 foto no 6384’
Portret van Henny en Cato Merks lezend op de bank
Object type: photograph
Date: 1918 – 1926
Materials: paper, cardboard
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: schiedam
Artist: arie dettmeijer
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1884 – 1967
Subjects: reading, historical persons - bb - woman, portrait of cabaret-artiste
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Henny en Cato Merks’
Short Beaker Depicting Ritual Figure wearing Costume with Bird Attributes
Object type: vessel
Date: 180 – 500
Materials: ceramic, pigment
Culture: nazca
Location: nazca valley
Banknote motif: the number 100 against an ornamental lathe work oval resembling woven rope with a border of grain, flowers and berries
Object type: print
Date: 1824 – 1842
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: cyrus durand
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1787 – 1868
Subjects: money
Uniform van de officieren van de artillerie van de West-Indische troepen, 1845
Object type: costume print
Date: 1845 – 1845
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: louis salomon leman
Artist role: steendrukker
Artist dates: 1818 – 1889
Subjects: (military) uniforms, netherlands, suriname

Uniform van de officieren van de artillerie van de West-Indische troepen. Illustratie in een boek uit 1845 over de uniformen en kledingstukken van de Nederlandse land-, zeemacht en schutterijen in Nederland en in de overzeese gebiedsdelen.
Portret van een jonge vrouw
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1875 – 1899
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: germany
Artist: jean baptiste feilner
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1844 – 1912
Subjects: adolescent, young woman, maiden, historical persons - bb - woman
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Jean Baptiste Feilner/ Hofphotograph Sr. Königl. Hoheit d. Erbgrofsherzogs v. Oldenburg/ HANNOVER/ Georgstr. 25./ BREMEN/ Richtweg 6b. Parterre./ OLDENBURG/ Rosenstr. 29./ BORKUM./ BRAUNSCHWEIG/ südliche Wilhelmstr. 88./ EMDEN.’, annotation: ‘Bertha Sch[ät]ze/ Mutter [...]’
Smoking jacket
Object type: smoking jacket
Date: 1860 – 1880
Materials: silk, wool
Culture: american

In the tradition of the eighteenth-century banyan, nineteenth-century lounging robes and gowns allude to their exotic sources. Paisley and Turkish motives were common and extended frequently to the decor of the smoking rooms to which men took their post-prandial retirement.
Slag op de Mookerheide, 1574
Object type: print
Date: 1643 – 1645
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: southern netherlands
Subjects: battle (+ land forces), nijmegen

Slag op de Mookerheide op 14 april 1574. Op de voorgrond en in het midden zware gevechten tussen ruiters. Links het dorpje Mook, rechts in de verte Nijmegen. Bovenin een banderol met de titel en legenda A-I in het Nederlands.
The Cemetery at Baden-Baden
Object type: painting
Date: 1855 – 1855
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: pierre louis dubourcq
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1815 – 1873
Subjects: (high) hill, churchyard, cemetery
Inscriptions: signature and date: ‘Dubourcq 1855’

De begraafplaats te Baden-Baden. Berglandschap met een kleine begrafenisstoet op weg naar de begraafplaats links tussen de bomen. Op de voorgrond een watervalletje.
Spear-butt, spike
Object type: spear butt, spike
Date: 1050 – 1000
Materials: bronze
Culture: cypriot
Denarius (Coin) Depicting the Goddess Roma
Object type: coin
Date: 189 – 180
Materials: metal, silver
Culture: roman
Location: roman empire

The front (obverse) of this coin depicts the goddess Roma, facing right and wearing a winged helmet.
On the back (reverse), the mythical twins Castor and Pollux, better known as the Dioscuri, are depicted on horseback galloping right.

The denarius, introduced in 211 BCE, was the principal silver coin of Rome for five hundred years. The profile
head of the goddess Roma—the personification of Rome—was the most popular image depicted on silver denarii in the second and first centuries BCE.
Mlle. Pupuis, from the Actresses series (N203) issued by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.
Object type: photograph
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: william s. kimball & company
Artist role: publisher
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actresses" series (N203), issued in 1889 by Wm. S. Kimball & Co.
Werkplaats en drukkerij van Wolfgang Kilian
Object type: printer's mark
Date: 1591 – 1662
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: wolfgang kilian
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1581 – 1662
Subjects: engraver, etcher, artist at work, in his workshop (+ graphic arts), printing press, tools, implements of graphic artist, tools, implements of printer, graphic artist
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Drukkersmerk van de prentdrukkerij van Wolfgang Kilian. Verschillende prentmakers zijn aan het werk. Tekst in het Latijn in de omlijsting: Labor improbus omnia vincit/ Wolfgangus Kilianus civis et glyptes augustanus.
Buddhist column
Object type: column
Date: 1736 – 1795
Materials: jade
Culture: chinese
Subjects: mountains,buddhism,buddha

The column depicts Buddha and his disciples in a mountain landscape. Jade, the material used here, is a hard mineral that is difficult to carve; this piece’s intricate detail and lustrous finish demonstrate the great skill and patience of the Chinese craftsmen who created it.
[Henry LeJeune]
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1860 – 1869
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: john and charles watkins
Artist role: photography studio
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1840 – 1875
Subjects: men,portraits,profiles
Bust of Henry Clay
Object type: bust
Date: 1853 – 1853
Materials: plaster
Location: france
Artist: pierre joseph chardigny
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1794 – 1866
Subjects: men
Kast met het wapen Alberda
Object type: case furniture
Date: 1689 – 1689
Materials: wood
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: uithuizen
Inscriptions: date: ‘ANNO 1689’

Cupboard. Oak, veneered with rosewood. On the cornice, the arms of Mello Alberda. From Menkemaborg (Groningen) Northern Netherlands, 1689.
Interior of Breastworks on Round Top, Gettysburg
Object type: photograph
Techniques: albumen print, photography
Location: united states
Artist: timothy h. o'sullivan
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american, born ireland
Artist dates: 1840 – 1882
Subjects: collected by hugh edwards, gardner's photographic sketch book
Model van de ruïne van de citadel van Antwerpen vervaardigd onder toezicht van G. Vogel
Object type: maquette
Date: 1875 – 1901
Materials: plastic, wood
Location: netherlands
Artist: gilles vogel
Subjects: gilles vogel
Inscriptions: : ‘ruine der citadel van Antwerpen 23 dec= 1832’

Maquette van de citadel van Antwerpen in dec. 1832 op een 5-hoekig houten gelakt voetstuk met twee laden en op poten. Hierop hoorde een (verdwenen) glazen stolp. Op één zijde van het voetstuk staat in witte verf: 'ruine der citadel van Antwerpen 23 dec= 1832'. De maquette toont het 5-hoekige citadel met ruïnes van gebouwen. Dit is - van hout gemaakt en geverfd - behoorlijk beschadigd. Op de gebouwen staan letters, op de bastions cijfers verwijzend naar een legenda in een boekje NG-NM-11649-B (boekje is zoek).
V. Groep
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1840 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: den bosch
Subjects: the hague, william ii of the netherlands, clothes for official occasions, guard of honour, (military) uniforms, middelburg, flushing

Kostumen en vaandels van de burger erewachten van Goes, Middelburg, Zierikzee en Vlissingen, 1840-1842. Drie mannen te paard met vaandels. Rechts twee eresloeproeiers uit Vlissingen. Illustratie in een boek met negen platen van de kleding gedragen door de burgererewachten tijdens het bezoek van koning Willem II aan die stad na zijn inhuldiging in 1840.
Portrait of Joseph Bonaparte
Object type: drawing
Materials: graphite
Techniques: brush, wash
Artist: jean-baptiste-françois bosio
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1764 – 1827
Subjects: cannons,men,portraits,drums
[Town on Plain with Mountain in Background]
Object type: photograph
Date: 1860 – 1869
Techniques: salted paper print
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: artist
Subjects: towns,mountains,landscapes
Gezicht op het monument op de Dam
Object type: photograph
Date: 1887 – 1887
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: amsterdam
Artist: henri de louw
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1851 – 1944
Subjects: square, place, circus, etc., public festivities on the occasion of royal events, monument, statue
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Dam (Monument)’

Deze foto maakt deel uit van een omslag met twaalf foto's.
Staande vrouw met lamp
Object type: print
Date: 1895 – 1895
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: mathieu lauweriks
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1932
Subjects: oil-lamp, standing figure - aa - female human figure
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent mogelijk gebruikt als illustratie van het gedicht 'Kama' in: Licht en waarheid. Orgaan van de vereeniging 'Wie Denkt Overwint'. Amsterdam: Wie Denkt Overwint, 31 augustus 1895.
A Short History: General Oliver Otis Howard, from the Histories of Generals series (N114) issued by W. Duke, Sons & Co. to promote Honest Long Cut Smoking and Chewing Tobacco
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: eagles,men,portraits,coat of arms,generals

Trade cards from the "Histories of Generals" series (N114), issued in 1888 by W. Duke, Sons & Co. to promote Honest Long Cut Smoking and Chewing Tobacco.
Drie putti met een beer
Object type: print
Date: 1529 – 1529
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: germany
Artist: heinrich aldegrever
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1502 – 1561
Subjects: beasts of prey, predatory animals: bear, cupids: 'amores', 'amoretti', 'putti'
Inscriptions: number: ‘22’

Vlakdecoratie met drie putti die met stokken een schild omhoog houden. Op het schild ligt een beer.
Gedenkpenning voor de verdedigers van Soestdijk, 1787
Object type: photograph
Date: 1875 – 1876
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: medal (considered as a piece of sculpture, regardless of its specific function), patriots (1780-1795)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Voorzijde van de ovale gedenkpenning of draagteken uitgereikt aan de officieren van het regiment Hessen-Darmstadt dat Paleis te Soestdijk verdedigd heeft tegen de aanval van de patriotten uit Utrecht op 27 juli 1787.
Portret van Johann Joachim Pinggieser
Object type: print
Date: 1687 – 1743
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: theologian, historical persons, wig
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Fotoreproductie van een prent naar een schilderij door Richard Westall, voorstellend een scene uit Cymbeline door William Shakespeare
Object type: page
Date: 1854 – 1867
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: london
Subjects: (scenes from) specific works of literature: shakespeare, cymbeline
Inscriptions: number: ‘Ph. XCIV. 375’

Te zien is akte III, scene 6 met Imogen in jongenskleren.
Ontgronding te Gouda, penning bedoeld als bewijs voor turfdragers, -vullers of -tonners om turf in te mogen voeren uit de nieuw ontgronde venen
Object type: ontgrondingspenning
Date: 1748 – 1748
Materials: lead
Techniques: casting
Location: gouda
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: gouda

Eenzijdige loden penning. Voorzijde: staande leeuw met wapenschild op borst tussen jaartal binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: blanco.
Fencing Buckler
Object type: armor
Materials: brass, iron, leather, paint, wood
Culture: italian
Location: italy
Spindle Whorl
Object type: spindle whorl
Date: 1 – 500
Materials: ceramic
Culture: peruvian
Location: peru
Am Meer
Object type: print
Date: 1881 – 1881
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: adult woman, in or beside the water (on the beach)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Pair of Shells with Portraits Forming a Purse
Object type: metalwork
Date: 1501 – 1533
Materials: copper, enamel
Location: limoges
Artist: nardon pénicaud
Photographs
Object type: slip in album
Date: 1921 – 1922
Materials: paper, cardboard, ink, linen
Techniques: gelatin silver print, pen
Location: amsterdam
Artist: hendrik herman van den berg
Artist role: amateurfotograaf, jurist
Artist dates: 1875 – 1944
Subjects: batavia, amsterdam, hendrik herman van den berg, the hague, caroline louise van den berg-van den berg, walking, hiking (recreation), historical persons, family life, netherlands

Insteekalbum met 96 foto's verdeeld over 48 pagina's, voornamelijk van familievakanties en -uitjes binnen Nederland en Baden-Baden, Duitsland. Het album bevat foto's van wandelingen in de buurt van de ruïne van Brederode en verschillende verblijven in Huize Welgelegen in Driebergen. Vrijwel alle foto's bevatten handgeschreven bijschriften.
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 480 – 460
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, below the rim, an unidentified object
Portret van Josef Geirnaert
Object type: design
Date: 1840 – 1842
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: jacobus ludovicus godinau
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1811 – 1873
Subjects: jozef geirnaert, historical persons, portrait, self-portrait of painter, portrait, self-portrait of artist, portrait, self-portrait of draughtsman
Silch, Center Field, Brooklyn Bridegrooms, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1887 – 1887
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,portraits,baseball,athletes

The "Old Judge" series of baseball cards (N172) was issued by Goodwin & Company from 1887 to 1890 to promote Old Judge Cigarettes.
Otium sine litteris mors est
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1921 – 1921
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: jan lodewijk pierson jr., parts of church exterior and annexes: campanile, colonnade, owls

Stapel van vijf identieke ex libris, aan een zijde aan elkaar bevestigd d.m.v. een lijmstrip zodat de ex librissen individueel kunnen worden afgescheurd.
Hutje onder boom te Kaïro
Object type: drawing
Date: 1858 – 1858
Materials: paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: willem de famars testas
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1834 – 1896
Subjects: hut, cabin, lodge, asiatic races and peoples (with name)
Yoshiwara bij nacht
Object type: surimono
Date: 1852 – 1864
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: japan
Subjects: courtesan, hetaera, night, street (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)

Een surimono is een luxe uitgevoerde prent waarop beeld met één of meerdere gedichten gecombineerd is. Bij het drukken van een surimono werd vaak gebruik gemaakt van dikker papier, blinddruk en metaal pigmenten, zoals koper- en zilverpoeder. De prenten werden vaak in opdracht van dichters gemaakt en als exclusief geschenk aan vrienden en relaties gegeven.
Cup and saucer
Object type: cup and saucer
Date: 1765 – 1765
Materials: hard paste porcelain
Artist: imperial porcelain manufactory
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: austrian
Artist dates: 1744 – 1864
Subjects: birds,flowers

The gift of the Hans Syz Collection in 1995 endowed the Museum with nearly three hundred examples of European and Asian ceramics meticulously acquired by Swiss-born collector Dr. Syz (1894–1991) to chart the migration of models and patterns from East to West. Documenting a continuous process of influence and adaptation, these pieces provide a discriminating review of the nuances of stylistic change resulting from three centuries of trade.