deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Monkeys
Object type: group
Date: 1770 – 1770
Materials: hard paste porcelain
Artist: gardner manufactory
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: russian
Subjects: fruit,monkeys

This group is a rather naïve interpretation of the theme of the monkey as mimic of the vices of human behavior.
Portret van een onbekende man
Object type: photograph
Date: 1853 – 1860
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: hand coloring
Location: united states
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: anonymous historical person portrayed alone
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘uit Rinhart, New York,/ Catalogus 5 herfst 1972/ no 450: cardboard base portrait/ Collodium print on pressed cardboard/ Handmade portrait of a man/ 2 1/4 x 3. 1850's. A most rare and/ unusual photographic technique./ good. $3,- (f12,-)’
Dienstmeid gooit een emmer water over het hoofd van een non
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1704 – 1704
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, letterpress printing
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: wooden container: barrel, cask, bucket, nun(s), kitchen-maid, kitchen servant
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie uit: Abraham a Sancta Clara. Heilsames Gemisch Gemasch, das ist: Allerley seltsame und verwunderliche Geschichten (...). Neurenberg: Christoph Weigel, 1704, p. 414.
Miss Renwic, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 8) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 8), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Illustration for a Book:  Pope Handing a Banner to a Crusader, with Ships in the Background
Object type: drawing
Date: 1696 – 1770
Materials: chalk
Artist: giovanni battista tiepolo
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1696 – 1770
Subjects: men,popes,flags,ships
Gietwerk uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: gietwerk
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: lead
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Casting; pear-shaped, one flat side, other side slightly convex.
Chatelaine
Object type: metalwork
Date: 1861 – 1899
Materials: silver
Location: london
Shoes
Object type: shoe
Date: 1800 – 1939
Materials: leather
Culture: american
Drie kinderen die eikels rapen
Object type: boekillustratie ontwerp
Date: 1928 – 1941
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: miep de feijter
Artist role: draughtsman
Subjects: carrying something in basket, bag, rucksack, etc., autumn landscape; landscape symbolizing autumn (the four seasons of the year), fruits: acorn
Inscriptions: signature: ‘M. de F.’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228a, :, annotation: ‘Herfst.’

Een meisje gooit eikels in een mand die door een jongen wordt vastgehouden. Op de grond zit een tweede jongen met eikels in de hand. Op de grond liggen eikels en bladeren. Verso een potloodschets.
Kaigai jinbutsu shu ge
Object type: book
Date: 1854 – 1854
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: japan

Laatste van de twee delen. Met achtereenvolgens de inwoners van (waarschijnlijk): Turkije, Makassar, de Banda eilanden, Afrika, ? mogelijk fonetisch 'Kaffers', Guinea, Mauritanië, Moskou, ?, Denemarken, Hongarije, Polen, Italië, Duitsland, Frankrijk, Nederland, Engeland, Argentinië, Canada, Costa Rica, ?, Samojeden, Vuurland.
Design for a Centerpiece
Object type: drawing
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: ink
Techniques: pen, wash
Artist: anonymous, 18th century
Artist role: artist
Artist dates: 1700 – 1800
Subjects: candlesticks
Maria Gonggrijp op de fiets
Object type: photograph
Date: 1911 – 1911
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: photography
Location: suriname
Artist: andries augustus boom
Artist role: amateurfotograaf, handelaar
Artist dates: 1878 – 
Subjects: bicycle, suriname
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Clevia 1911’

Maria Gonggrijp op de fiets, bij Plantage Clevia 1911. Onderdeel van het fotoalbum van de familie Boom-Gonggrijp in Suriname en Curaçao.
The Heritage of the Wagon (The Children with the Wagon)
Object type: print
Date: 1861 – 1861
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Artist: charles françois daubigny
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1817 – 1878
Subjects: children
Quakers Meeting
Object type: print
Techniques: aquatint, etching
Artist: thomas rowlandson
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1757 – 1827
Subjects: interiors
De intrede van de Brabanders van Amsterdam verthoont
Object type: print
Date: 1607 – 1607
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: chamber of rhetoric (dutch: 'rederijkerskamer'), festivities (+ parade, pageant, cavalcade ~ festive activities), haarlem, amsterdam

Gebruikt als illustratie in: Const-thoonende ivweel, by de loflijcke stadt Haerlem, ten versoecke van Trou moet blijcken, in't licht gebracht. : Waer inne duydelick verclaert ende verthoont wordt alles wat den mensche mach wecken om den armen te troosten, ende zijnen naesten by te staen. : In twaelf spelen van sinne ... in redenrijck naar de volgende voorgegevene caerte van 't speel-korenken, Zacharias Heyns, Zwolle 1607. Los fragment, bedoeld om samen met de andere delen tot een fries gemonteerd te worden.
Twee kinderen
Object type: print
Date: 1867 – 1913
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, soft ground etching
Artist: marinus van der maarel
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1857 – 1921
Subjects: boy (child between toddler and youth), dress, gown
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2233

Twee kinderen in toga, mogelijk koorknapen.
Vaas met medaillon
Object type: ornament print
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: germany
Subjects: vase ~ ornament
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een geornamenteerde vaas met een ovaal medaillon met vrouwenportret en profil en guirlandes. Uitgeversnummer 374.
The Grand Duchess Christine of Lorraine Escorts to the Church Youths Whom She is Taking Under Her Protection
Object type: print
Date: 1616 – 1620
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
Border
Object type: border
Date: 1834 – 1866
Techniques: lace
Portret van Frederik Kaiser
Object type: print
Date: 1823 – 1900
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: johann wilhelm kaiser (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1813 – 1900
Subjects: amsterdam, leiden, frederik kaiser
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portretbuste in een ovaal naar links van de sterrenkundige Frederik Kaiser. Op zijn borst heeft hij een lintje.
Moirémarmer in blauw, groen en goud
Object type: marbled paper
Date: 1900 – 2000
Materials: paint, lacquer, paper
Techniques: marbling
Artist: Anonymous
Oosterkerk te Hoorn
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1728 – 1732
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen
Location: hoorn
Artist: cornelis pronk
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1691 – 1759
Subjects: church (exterior)
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Oosterkerk.’

Bladzijde 12 uit een schetsboek met 96 bladzijden.
Design for Hanging Shelves
Object type: drawing
Date: 1840 – 1899
Materials: gouache, ink, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Artist: anonymous, british, 19th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1800 – 1900
Subjects: heads,furniture
Admiraliteitspoortje op Kerkplein 23 te Hoorn
Object type: photograph
Date: 1870 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: hoorn
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: gate, entrance
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘N12 Poort Gasthuis/ Hoorn/ VI/3 h’
Female Saint and Thistle
Object type: print
Date: 1891 – 1891
Materials: paper, ink
Techniques: lithograph
Location: france
Artist: odilon redon
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1840 – 1916
David and Goliath, after a Capital in Vézelay Abbey
Object type: drawing
Date: 1840 – 1840
Materials: graphite
Artist: eugène-emmanuel viollet-le-duc
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1814 – 1879
Subjects: soldiers,weapons,david

A sketch in graphite of the biblical figures David and Goliath portrayed in medieval garb. The sketch is inspired by a carving on a capital in the medieval cathedral at Vézeley. David, at left, brandishes a sling shot while Goliath, wearing chain mail, holds a shield and a spear. Viollet-le-duc studied architecture as well as geology and was responsible for the, sometimes creative, restoration of many medieval buildings This quick sketch, probably made in a sketchbook, depicts two figures carved on the capital of a column in the Vézeley Cathedral, a church in Burgundy that he was charged with restoring in 1840..
Morning Chimes
Object type: photograph
Techniques: photography
Location: united states
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 434 – 401
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, on exergue, at the left, part of a column?; lower drapery and feet of a male to right?; Exterior, drapery
Ornamental Design for Knife Handle with Fire, from The Four Elements
Object type: print
Date: 1590 – 1590
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: belgium
Artist: johann theodor de bry
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1561 – 1623
Hier ziet ge een aantal bezigheên, / O jeugd! op deze prent bijeen / Zoo komen beide klein en groot / Aan ruimer, of aan schaarscher brood
Object type: popular print
Date: 1828 – 1849
Materials: paper
Techniques: colour, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: craft-production, skilled handiwork, human types, hunter, working class, labourers, fishing (sports), crafts and industries
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 16 voorstellingen van verschillende beroepen en bezigheden, zoals een bakker, een wever en een koopman. Onder elke afbeelding een tweeregelig vers. Genummerd rechtsboven: N. 46.
Vierde reeks
Object type: popular print
Date: 1905 – 1924
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, printing block, engraving
Location: arnhem
Subjects: birds, snow, throwing snowballs, playing with snow and ice, dog, small sleigh (winter sports)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 7 voorstellingen van taferelen in de sneeuw, zoals spelende kinderen en dieren in de sneeuw. Tussen de afbeeldingen versjes in boekdruk. Genummerd rechtsboven en linksonder: No. 4.
Sleutel bij de prent van de begrafenis van wijlen koning Willem II te Delft op 4 april 1849.
Object type: print
Date: 1849 – 1849
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: netherlands
Subjects: anna paulowna romanowa, brussels, willem iii (koning der nederlanden), william ii of the netherlands, hendrik (prins der nederlanden), cortege, funeral procession, delft
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Sleutel bij de prent van de begrafenis van wijlen koning Willem II te Delft op 4 april 1849. Verkleinde voorstelling met in twee kolommen de nummers 1-50 met de namen van de voorgestelden.
Nakamura Nakazo II as Prince Koretaka disguised as the farmer Tsuchizo in the play "Intercalary Year Praise of a Famous Poem (Uruo Toshi Meika no Homare)," performed at the Miyako Theater in the eleventh month, 1794
Object type: print
Date: 1794 – 1794
Techniques: woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: toshusai sharaku 東洲斎 写楽
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1794 – 1795
Portret van Johann Christian August Heinroth
Object type: print
Date: 1814 – 1869
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: berlin
Subjects: historical persons, physician, doctor
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Landschap met antieke ruïnes van gebouwen en beelden
Object type: drawing
Date: 1701 – 1765
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: marco ricci
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1676 – 1730
Subjects: ruin of a building ~ architecture (+ roman art), landscape with ruins, fantastic architecture, unrealistic architectural fantasies (+ roman art)
Athena, or Britannia identified as Athena
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: graphite, ink, paper
Techniques: brush, pen, wash
Location: england
Artist: attributed to thomas stothard
Artist nationality: english
Artist dates: 1755 – 1834
Rebel Shot lodged in Union Gun, Battle Gettysburg
Object type: photograph
Date: 1855 – 1875
Techniques: albumen print
Location: new hampshire
Artist: kilburn brothers
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1855 – 1875
Eight Views of Ōmi (Ōmi hakkei)
Object type: screen
Date: 1762 – 1766
Materials: ink, panel, paper
Culture: japanese
Artist: soga shōhaku
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1730 – 1781
Subjects: houses,lakes,mountains,landscapes,trees

Soga Shōhaku was a prominent, if eccentric, figure in Kyoto during the second half of the eighteenth century, when he developed the style that set him apart from painters of the Kano, Nanga, and Shijō schools. Here, he has depicted the standard ink landscape theme of Eight Views, but with a local twist. This screen, the left of a pair, shows four of the Eight Views of Ōmi. Each of the moments celebrated in the Chinese theme has been matched with a place and season from the area of Lake Biwa, Japan's largest and most fabled lake, just east of the mountains that form the eastern border of the ancient capital at Kyoto. His contemporary and local interpretation is rendered in a style of ink painting that knowingly refers to the work of painters of the Soga school, who were active during the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Conspicuous on the right is the Ishiyamadera, the hillside temple where the author of The Tale of Genji is said to have been moved to write her compelling portrait of court life by the sight of the full moon reflected on the lake.
Verona - Scala nel Pal. Pubblico
Object type: photograph
Date: 1851 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: verona
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: staircase, courtyard
Studie van het kopstuk en de scharen van een kreeft
Object type: drawing
Date: 1876 – 1924
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: gerrit willem dijsselhof
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1866 – 1924
Subjects: crustaceans: lobster
Inscriptions: number: ‘14’, number: ‘882’
Fragment patroonhuls uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: cartridge shell
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: copper
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Cartridge case, tube; fragm, squashed, id. NG 1979-205H549.
Portret van Hans Willem Cornelis Anne Visser
Object type: print
Date: 1845 – 1847
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: the hague
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons (+ profile portrait)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Amphibiën of tweeslachtige dieren
Object type: print
Date: 1847 – 1847
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Location: netherlands
Subjects: snakes, amphibians
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 6 voorstellingen van slangen. Boven elke voorstelling een titel en onder elke voorstelling een vierregelig vers. Genummerd rechtsboven: No. 24.
Vaart bij Hoogeveen
Object type: print
Date: 1876 – 1910
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: alphonse stengelin
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1852 – 1938
Subjects: canal
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Linksonder een remarque met een zeilboot.
Anything Can Happen Somewhere
Object type: print
Date: 1970 – 1970
Materials: paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: pieter holstein
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker, sculptor
Artist dates: 1934 – 
Inscriptions: signature: ‘p. holstein’, title: ‘ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN ANYWHERE’, inscription: ‘104-B’, title: ‘5 PRINTS BELONG TOGETHER NO. 1’

Weids vlak landschap met molens aan de horizon, rechts de hoek van een muur.
Scherven van een bord uit V.O.C.-schip de 'Witte leeuw'
Object type: sherd
Date: 1613 – 1613
Materials: bone china
Location: jingdezhen
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, sint-helena

A dish without a flattened rim. A ten-sided medallion consisting of 2 thick bands. A central decoration of a Buddhist lion with possibly a brocade ball. The medallion decorated alternately with peaches and symbols.
Limestone statuette of a beardless male votary with a wreath of leaves
Object type: statue of a votary, male
Materials: limestone
Culture: cypriot
Subjects: men,leaves,wreaths
Brief aan Philip Zilcken
Object type: letter
Date: 1929 – 1929
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen, printing, writing
Location: paris
Subjects: the hague, painter, draughtsman, philip zilcken
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’

Brief bevat aantekening van Philip Zilcken.
NV Gemeenschappelijke Mijnbouwmaatschappij Billiton 1946-1947
Object type: medal
Date: 1947 – 1947
Materials: bronze
Techniques: striking
Location: voorschoten
Artist: j.ph. van zegveld
Artist role: medailleur
Subjects: indonesia
Inscriptions: circumscription: ‘Banka Billiton Singkep’, circumscription: ‘NV Gemeenschappelijke Mijnbouwmaatschappij Billiton 1946-1947’, inscription: ‘Kalmoa // Dendang // Menoembing’, coat of arms, inscription: ‘Mendanau Maras // Sinkep’

Bronzen penning. Voorzijde: tinbaggermolen in perspectief met opschriften binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: wapenschild met drie tinnen broodjes en als helmteken een hand die een hamer vasthoudt, voor berglandschap, met onder een kaart van Indonesië met ter weerszijden twee palmbomen met aan bovenzijde randschrift.
Zicht op de Colonne Vendôme
Object type: print
Date: 1860 – 1860
Materials: paper
Techniques: tone lithography
Location: paris
Subjects: triumphal column with helical friezes (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), spiral or solomonic column, square, place, circus, etc. (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a
Portret van Winston Churchill
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1940 – 1955
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: london, historical persons, politician, e.g. party leader

Fotomechanisch portret van Winston Churchill, vermoedelijk afkomstig uit een tijdschrift.
Pont met vee bij een fort in een rivierlandschap
Object type: print
Date: 1616 – 1616
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: jan van de velde (ii)
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1593 – 1641
Subjects: fortress, cow, river, ferry, bastion, bulwark
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 964

Een pont met daarop een figuur en twee koeien bij een fort in een weids rivierlandschap. Oorspronkelijk prent van een serie van in totaal zestig prenten met landschappen, verdeeld over vijf delen van elk twaalf prenten.
Architecturale setting en gezicht op stad aan water
Object type: titelblad, titelpagina
Date: 1782 – 1782
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: haarlem
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta', architecture, dutch republic
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een architecturale setting met zuilen en in het midden de titel. In het midden het wapenschild van de Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden met spreuk Eendracht maeckt macht. Daaronder een gezicht op een stad aan het water.
Spear
Object type: spear
Date: 1501 – 1900
Materials: bamboo
Culture: javanese
Location: indonesia
Omslag voor 32 prentbriefkaarten met stadsgezichten uit München
Object type: wrapper
Date: 1900 – 1950
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: lithograph, writing
Artist: Anonymous

In de omslag zit een kaart ingestoken met daarop een korte beschrijving van de inhoud.
vierentwintig batz, noodmunt uit Breisach, geslagen tijdens het beleg door de Zweden
Object type: vierentwintig batz
Date: 1633 – 1633
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Location: breisach
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: breisach, beleg van breisach

Ruitvormige zilveren noodmunt. Voorzijde: in ronde stempel: jaartal boven twee wapenschilden, gescheiden door klaverblaadje boven punt; daaronder: wapenschild tussen Romeinse cijfer XXIIII. Keerzijde: in ronde stempel: opschrift.
Ander Prosp. der Abten Kirche zu St. Victor in der Vorstatt dieses Nahmens
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1655 – 1655
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, hand coloring
Location: the hague
Subjects: church (exterior)

Prent origineel vervaardigd als boekillustratie voor: Zeiller, Martin. Topographia Galliae, oder Beschreibung und Contrafaitung der vornehmbsten und bekantisten Oerter in dem mächtigen und grossen Königreich Frankreich, 13 delen. Frankfurt am Main: Caspar Merian, 1655-1661. De prent werd voor het eerst gepubliceerd in deel 1: Topographia Galliae, 1655.
Groepsportret van schoolhoofden van Schule Schloss Salem
Object type: photograph
Date: 1929 – 1929
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: salem
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: student - bb - female student, education, student

Onderdeel van Fotoalbum van Schule Schloss Salem.
Veld van vier tegels
Object type: tile
Date: 1732 – 1732
Materials: earthenware, glaze
Techniques: scoring
Location: roeselare
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: date

Veld van vier tegels (2 x 2) met een vogel en het jaartal 1732, IHS met kruis en bloem, drie druiventrossen aan een tak, en een wingerdrank.
Four candlesticks
Object type: candlestick
Date: 1774 – 1775
Materials: silver
Artist: john carter ii
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1768 – 1777
Pair of candlesticks
Object type: candlestick
Date: 1767 – 1768
Materials: silver
Artist: jean-baptiste-françois chéret
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1728 – 1791
Glass dish
Object type: dish
Date: 301 – 500
Materials: glass
Culture: roman

Translucent purple. Tubular rim, folded out and down, forming flange covering side, with an inward fold at base; low convex curving side and broad floor to body, sloping gently downwards to tubular, inward-sloping foot ring, made by folding; flat bottom. One large hole in bottom, but complete otherwise; some pinprick bubbles; dulling and iridescent weathering. Violet, plain blown glass.
Chair (Kiti Cha Enzi)
Object type: furniture
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: cotton, fiber, ivory, wood
Culture: swahili
Location: kenya
Subjects: plant-derived motif

This style of high-backed seat with bone and ivory inlay, known as a “chair of power” or “grandee’s chair” (kiti cha enzi), is a graphic reminder of the complex history of international trade and conquest in the region known as the Swahili Coast. As early as the first century, the region’s natural harbors invited exchange with partners in the Persian Gulf and Western India. Later the Portuguese, Omani, and British imposed their authority on its inhabitants. With each conquering state, newly imported goods and practices took root as symbols of authority and power among the Swahili elite. The upright form of the kiti cha enzichair bears strong resemblance to sixteenth- and seventeenth-century chairs imported from Portugal and Spain, as well as to Portuguese- and Spanish-influenced examples made in India. Comparisons have also been made with chairs from the Mamluk period (1250–1517) in Egypt. In any case, the Swahili version is clearly the result of foreign influences that have been artfully synthesized and reshaped by local artisans. Most such chairs in collections today date from the nineteenth century and were made in large, specialized workshops. They could be found conspicuously displayed in wealthy households along the Swahili Coast into the first half of the twentieth century.
Concilie van Trente
Object type: medal
Date: 1545 – 1563
Materials: silver
Techniques: casting
Location: unknown
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: concilie van trente