deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Glass cup
Object type: cup
Date: 101 – 300
Materials: glass
Culture: roman

Colorless Broad, horizontal, tubular rim, folded out, down, and in; cylindrical body with slightly convex sides, then tooled into tubular, integral, flaring base ring; deep groove between base ring and slightly concave bottom with large circular pontil mark. Intact, but one crack from rim slanting down side to base ring; a few pinprick bubbles; pitting, dulling, and patches of white and yellow brown iridescent weathering.
Seated Buddha
Object type: figure
Date: 1701 – 1900
Materials: quartz
Culture: chinese
Subjects: buddha
Portret van Martin Luther
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1718 – 1718
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: germany
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: martin luther, theologian, historical persons, study; 'studiolo'; library, the bible as a book

Prent waarschijnlijk uit: Tentzel, Wilhelm Ernst. Historischen Bericht vom Anfang un ersten Fortgang der Reformation Lutheri (...). Leipzig: Johann Ludwig Gleditsch en Moritz Georg Weidmann, 1718.
The actor Ichikawa Dajuro VII and a woman watching boy write first calligraphy of the New Year
Object type: print
Date: 1831 – 1831
Techniques: woodblock print, surimono
Location: japan
Artist: utagawa kunisada
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1786 – 1864
Design for a ceiling
Object type: drawing
Date: 1851 – 1900
Materials: graphite, ink, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Artist: jules-edmond-charles lachaise
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1897 – 1897
Subjects: ceilings
Daden en prestaties van Napoleon I Bonaparte
Object type: print
Date: 1808 – 1808
Materials: paper
Techniques: aquatint, etching, hand coloring
Artist: alexandre moisy
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1763 – 1827
Subjects: napoleon i (emperor of the french), crown (symbol of sovereignty), column, pillar ~ architecture, family lineage, pedigree, genealogical tree or table, emperor
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Op twee zuilen, verbonden door de keizerlijke kroon, staan de data van de belangrijke prestaties en daden van Napoleon tussen 1796-1806 gedrukt. Tussen de pilaren, in het midden, bevindt zich een stamboom van de keizerlijke dynastie, met onderaan een kaart van het Franse keizerrijk in 1808.
Gelauwerde mannen en vrouwen bijeen in een bos
Object type: print
Date: 1600 – 1699
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: honouring the artist with laurel wreath
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Betreft mogelijk het rechterdeel van een groter geheel.
Napoli. [(...)]alcone e isola di Capri, panorama preso da San Martino.
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1870 – 1900
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: naples
Subjects: gulf, bay (+ landscape with figures, staffage), island, prospect of city, town panorama, silhouette of city, capri, isola di, naples
Inscriptions: negative number: ‘5246’

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met foto's van bezienswaardigheden in Italië en Zuid-Frankrijk.
Ontwerp voor wandschildering in de Beurs van Berlage: staande vrouw met banderol
Object type: tracing
Date: 1869 – 1925
Materials: pencil, paper
Artist: antoon derkinderen
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1859 – 1925
Subjects: banderole
[Untitled]
Object type: photograph
Date: 1853 – 1857
Techniques: salted paper print
Artist: auguste-adolphe bertsch
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1813 – 1871
Watch with the Judgement of Paris
Object type: wrist watch
Date: 1774 – 1774
Materials: gold
Techniques: repoussé, enameling
Location: london

Horloge van goud in dubbele kast. Op de kast een gedreven tafereel voorstellende het oordeel van Paris.
Subway Rector Street, New York City
Object type: photograph
Date: 1905 – 1905
Materials: paper
Techniques: cyanotype
Location: new york city
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: underground station, new york (city)
Inscriptions: stamp: ‘RAPID TRANSIT RAILROAD / COMMISSIONERS / RECEIVED / AUG 31 1905 / ENGINEER, FIRST DIVISION’, inscription: ‘(1387) CON.S.RECTOR / BWAY 7.8.1905’

Subway Rector Street/Broadway, New York City, NY, Verenigde Staten.
Pontificial Guard, Vatican, Rome, Italy, from the Military Series (N224) issued by Kinney Tobacco Company to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: military,men

Trade cards from the "MIlitary Series" (N224), issued in 1888 by Kinney Tobacco Company to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes.
Dorpsgezicht met een watermolen
Object type: print
Date: 1630 – 1663
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: anthonie waterloo
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1609 – 1690
Subjects: village, watermill in landscape
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In een landschap staan enkele huizen. Rechts staat een huis met een rieten dak en een watermolen. Aan de voorkant van het huis zijn enkele figuren weergegeven.
Ladies and Gentlemen
Object type: print
Date: 1776 – 1776
Techniques: etching
Artist: joseph françois foulquier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1744 – 1789
Subjects: men,women,crowd
Fragment
Object type: fragment
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: linen, silk
Subjects: birds
Pomellum met acanthusblad en tekstband
Object type: pomellum
Date: 1500 – 1550
Materials: copper
Techniques: metalworking, engraving, gilding, tinning
Location: germany
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘jesus.maria.johes.’

Pommel (decorative ball for a cope). Copper. Germany (?), c. 1500 - 1550.
Panel
Object type: textile
Date: 1750 – 1800
Materials: cotton
Techniques: printing block, glazing, weave, printing
Location: france
Portret van Hubertus van Hove
Object type: print
Date: 1842 – 1842
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: coenraad hamburger
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1809 – 1891
Subjects: hubertus van hove, historical persons, portrait, self-portrait of painter, portrait, self-portrait of artist, portrait, self-portrait of draughtsman
The Investiture of Bishop Harold as Duke of Franconia
Object type: painting, sketch
Date: 1751 – 1752
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: giovanni battista tiepolo
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1696 – 1770
Subjects: musical instruments,arches,men,bishops

Tiepolo made this oil sketch in preparation for a fresco in an elaborately stuccoed and gilded reception room completed in 1752 for the prince‑bishop’s palace in Würzburg, present-day Germany. It represents an event in the city’s history that helped to celebrate and legitimize the region’s rulers: in 1168, Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa gave Harold of Hochheim, Bishop of Würzburg, the title of Duke of Franconia.
Staande vrouw
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1884 – 1886
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: the hague
Artist: george hendrik breitner
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1923
Subjects: adult woman, standing figure - aa - female human figure

Pagina 24 uit een schetsboek met 35 bladen.
Jas van grijs lustre met blauwe fluwelen omslagen
Object type: main garment
Date: 1850 – 1950
Materials: velvet
Artist: Anonymous

Jas van grijs lustre met blauwe fluwelen omslagen.
Three German Soldiers
Object type: print
Techniques: etching
Artist: daniel hopfer
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1470 – 1536
Subjects: soldiers,swords,men,plants
Gezichten op de buitenplaats Duinrell
Object type: print
Date: 1675 – 1711
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: french or architectonic garden; formal garden
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Gezicht op het ovale bos in de tuin van buitenplaats Duinrell, gezien richting het oosten. Rechts op het middenpad van de tuin enkele figuren. Rechtsonder genummerd: 9. Prent uit een serie van zestien prenten van Duinrell.
Rank Badge with Egret (?)
Object type: rank badge
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: metal thread, silk
Culture: chinese
Subjects: cranes
Portret van een onbekend Roma meisje
Object type: print
Date: 1870 – 1870
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching, intaglio
Location: paris
Subjects: wandering communities: romani or roma
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Terracotta fragment of a pot; unglazed on the inside
Object type: pot fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Part of the head of a filleted youth to left, wearing a himation
Achterzijde van een jurk voor een uitknippop
Object type: fashion print
Date: 1825 – 1875
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, hand coloring
Location: paris
Subjects: fashion plates
Studieblad, onder andere met een gezicht, arm en kledingstukken
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1896 – 1896
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: carel adolph lion cachet
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1945
Subjects: face, arms

Blad 12 recto uit een schetsboek met 44 bladen.
Prayer Carpet
Object type: textile
Date: 1875 – 1900
Materials: wool
Techniques: cutting, weave
Location: turkey
Covered Vase
Object type: covered vase
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: jade
Culture: chinese
Gezicht op een kleine boot aan een steiger aan een rotsachtige kust
Object type: photograph
Date: 1883 – 1888
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print, hand coloring
Location: denver
Artist: frederick monsen
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1865 – 1929
Subjects: rocky coast, rowing-boat, canoe, etc.
De Duitsche Vrijheid
Object type: cartoon
Date: 1888 – 1888
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: amsterdam
Artist: johan braakensiek
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1858 – 1940
Subjects: wilhelm ii (keizer van duitsland), censorship, historical persons, political caricatures and satires

De Duitse keizer Wilhelm II staande op een podium met een zweep in de hand. Achter hem plakt kanselier Bismarck plakkaten met verboden boektitels aan de wand.
Heijo daigekisen kiwakon kaigai
Object type: print
Date: 1810 – 1894
Materials: paper
Techniques: blind stamped, woodcut
Location: japan
Subjects: war
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: ‘Gebroeders A. Cata, Nijmegen-Amsterdam’, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Berglandschap met gevecht tussen Japanners, in zwart en blauw, en de Chinezen, in groen; tijdens een regenbui.
Overseer Shabti of Henettawy (C), Daughter of Isetemkheb
Object type: overseer shabti, henettawy c
Date: 990 – 970
Materials: faience
Location: egypt
Vinkenbuurt te Amsterdam
Object type: drawing
Date: 1886 – 1886
Materials: paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: jan h.l. hanau
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1925
Subjects: civic architecture; edifices; dwellings, small canal, ditch
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233, inscription: ‘J.H.L. Hanau/ "Vinkenbuurt" (A'dam)/ 1886-’
Water buffalo and reclining Chinese figure (one of a pair)
Object type: figure
Date: 1760 – 1760
Materials: shell
Techniques: glazing
Artist: whieldon type
Artist role: maker
Subjects: boys,buffalos
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 476
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, meander; Exterior, right buttock, genitals, and left leg, with greave, of warrior, to right; left leg and part of right thigh of a second male to left?
Het overgebleven deel der wimpel van het Galjoen van Diego de Piementel, te Leijden bewaard
Object type: print
Date: 1776 – 1851
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: daniël veelwaard (i)
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1766 – 1851
Subjects: specific types of crucified christ (in non-narrative context), banner, standard (as symbol of the state, etc.)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portretten van beroemde Europese geleerden
Object type: print
Date: 1572 – 1572
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Artist: philips galle
Artist role: print maker, publisher
Artist dates: 1537 – 1612
Subjects: handwriting, writing as activity, historical persons, scholar, philosopher (+ portrait of scholar, scientist)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Met vierregelig onderschrift in het Latijn. Rechtsonder genummerd: B2 (2 als z in spiegelbeeld).
The Art of Painting’s Victory over Death
Object type: album
Date: 1660 – 1687
Materials: paper, parchment
Techniques: bookbinding
Location: zwolle
Artist: gesina ter borch
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1633 – 1690

The art of painting is personified by an artist seated at her easel. The band covering her mouth underscores the silence required for the act of creation. Without looking up from her work, she tramples Time with his fallen scythe and Death, whose snapped arrow cannot harm her. The message here is clear: art is eternal, life is not.
Dish
Object type: dish
Date: 1880 – 1880
Materials: glass
Dress
Object type: robe, japon, jurk
Date: 1967 – 1967
Materials: aluminum
Location: paris
Artist: paco rabanne
Artist role: modeontwerper
Artist dates: 1934 – 

The modern plastic and aluminum chain mail dresses that Paco Rabanne designed in the mid-1960s were a radical departure from traditional couture. By using reflective or transparent materials and repeating elements, he connected seamlessly with art movements such as Zero and Op Art, which expressed the aesthetics of the space age.
Ganzenbordspel met ganzenhoedsters en een familie
Object type: print
Date: 1880 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, lithograph
Subjects: goose-game, board-games of chance, board-games
Inscriptions: : ‘Déposé’

Ganzenbordspel met 63 vakken in de vorm van een slakkenhuis. In het midden een vrouw die met drie kinderen een bordspel aan het spelen is. Rechtsboven de spelregels. Onder een troep ganzen met kuikens die door een jongen en een meisje worden gehoed. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Zeden en gewoonten in engeren zin, Spel en vermaak, Gezelschapsspel II, Ganzenbord en dergelijke.
Bacchanalian Scene
Object type: drawing
Date: 1520 – 1535
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: highlighting, wash
Artist: amico aspertini
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1474 – 1552
Subjects: male nudes,drinking
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix: eye-cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 540 – 500
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Teapot with a cock on a rock near flowering plants
Object type: teapot
Date: 1725 – 1749
Materials: glaze, gold, paint, porcelain
Techniques: firing, gilding, turning, vitrification
Location: china
Artist: Anonymous

Peervormige theepot van porselein, beschilderd op het glazuur in blauw, rood, groen, geel, zwart en goud. Op de wand tweemaal een haan op een rots bij bloeiende planten (pioen, aster) met daarnaast een insect. Op de rand een 'spearhead-border'. Het oor en de tuit met losse bloemen en een wolkmotief. De deksel met pioentakken en op de rand een 'spearhead-border'. Famille rose.
View of the roadstead of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1883
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: colombo
Subjects: harbour (+ view ~ vehicle, ship, etc.)
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Photographers/ W.L.H. Skeen & Co./ Colombo. Ceylon’, title: ‘Columbo. (Ceylan) _ Rade _’

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met opnames van bezienswaardigheden in Egypte, Nederlands-Indië, Singapore en Ceylon.
Paulus en Petrus zittend in een landschap
Object type: print
Date: 1527 – 1527
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: low countries
Artist: lucas van leyden
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1494 – 1533
Subjects: paul and peter disputing in antioch (galatians 2:11-14)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 11

Petrus, met sleutel in hand, in discussie met Paulus met zwaard onder voet en boek op schoot.
Gezicht op het stadhuis van Leiden
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1929 – 1935
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: color autotype, pasting
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: townhall
Patch
Object type: textile
Date: 1000 – 1476
Materials: cotton, wool
Techniques: interlocking, slit, weave
Location: peru
Subjects: super/natural
Bead Naming Queen Ahhotep
Object type: bead, ahhotep
Date: 1550 – 1525
Materials: stone
Techniques: glazing
Location: egypt
Singkawang, brug bij passar Sebrang
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1920 – 1940
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: unknown
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: borneo
Openwork rattle bell
Object type: rattle bell
Date: 900 – 701
Materials: bronze
Culture: iranian
Location: western iran
Servet met Nabal
Object type: napkin
Date: 1620 – 1620
Materials: linen
Techniques: damask
Location: haarlem
Artist: quirijn jansz. damast
Artist role: mayor
Artist dates: 1580 – 1638
Subjects: david and abigail (1 samuel 25)
"Kean as Richard Third" (from Sketchbook)
Object type: drawing
Date: 1811 – 1893
Materials: graphite, ink, paper, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Culture: american
Artist: john william casilear
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1811 – 1893
Subjects: weapons,men
Embroidered picture
Object type: embroidered picture
Date: 1701 – 1750
Materials: canvas, silk, wool
Subjects: women,globes
L'Écurie
Object type: print
Date: 1801 – 1900
Techniques: etching
Artist: john-lewis brown
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1829 – 1890
Subjects: horses
Portret van een Chinees kind zittend in een fauteuil
Object type: photograph
Date: 1870 – 1880
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: taiwan strait
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: studio requisites ~ photographer, child

Onderdeel van Fotoalbum van Robert Daniel Crommelin (1841-1907).
Portret van Jan zonder Land
Object type: print
Date: 1649 – 1649
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: historical persons, king

Prent uit: Baker, Sir Richard. Cronyke van het Leven en Bedryff van alle de Coningen van Engeland. (...). Amsterdam: Cornelis Danckerts, 1649, dl. 1.
Exposition Univelle de 1889, Projet de M. Raulin
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1881 – 1886
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: world fair, world exhibition, maps of cities, eiffel tower
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘1ère Année: LA CONSTRUCTION MODERNE Pl. 79’

Boven een gezicht op de wereldtentoonstelling, onder een plattegrond van de wereldtentoonstelling.
Head of the Buddha
Object type: sculpture
Date: 1767 – 1900
Materials: copper alloy
Techniques: gilding
Culture: thai
Artist: thai
Artist role: artist
Subjects: heads,buddha
Portret van een jong meisje
Object type: photograph
Date: 1863 – 1879
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: the hague
Artist: jacob hohmann
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1833 – 
Inscriptions: signature and address: ‘H/Photographisch Atelier/van/J. Hohmann/Willemstraat 59,/'s Gravenhage’, annotation: ‘Voor nabestellingen worden alle negatieven bewaard.’

Jong meisje in een geruite japon met stroken onderaan, staand naast een stoel.
Victoria / Koenigin von England
Object type: print
Date: 1837 – 1838
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: leipzig
Subjects: victoria (koningin van het verenigd koninkrijk en keizerin van india), historical persons, queen
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Offering Table Containing the Seals of Suzuki Kiitsu
Date: 1854 – 1854
Materials: ink, paper
Location: japan
Artist: suzuki kiitsu
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1796 – 1858
Terracotta fragment of a kylix: Lip cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 550 – 526
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, part of a palmette with tendrils; start of handle root; below, a band of reserve intersecting the black glaze
Utrechtse charter met een zegel, 1228
Object type: print
Date: 1870 – 1920
Materials: paper
Techniques: chromolithography
Location: utrecht
Artist: anthony grolman
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1843 – 1926
Subjects: wilbrand van oldenburg, seal, stamp, handwriting, written text, seal (as symbol of the state, etc.), utrecht
Inscriptions: collector's mark, collector's mark: Lugt 1641

Akte door Wilbrand van Oldenburg, bisschop van Utrecht, houdende overdracht van het patronaatsrecht van de kerk van Doesburg door Hendrik van den Berg, 1228. Charter met een zegel van Wilbrand van Oldenburg, bisschop van Utrecht 1227-1233. Linksboven: Plaat VI. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Regeering, Zegels.
An Old Mummer Addressing a Couple Dressed in Leaves and Bird Feathers, from The Masquerades
Object type: print
Date: 1595 – 1596
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: netherlands
Artist: jacques de gheyn (ii)
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1565 – 1629
Inscriptions: Lettered lower left: "10 IDGeyn. Inven. et excu."
Kous van effen witte katoenen tricot met in de boord twee rode strepen, waartussen een gerstekorrelsteek
Object type: stocking
Date: 1828 – 1830
Materials: cotton
Techniques: cross stitching, embroidered, knitting
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: mark: ‘'xx'’

Kous van effen witte katoenen tricot met in de boord twee rode strepen, waartussen een gerstekorrelsteek. Onder de boord in rode kruissteek: 'xx'.
Frankrijk
Object type: photograph
Date: 1850 – 1880
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: france
Panel with Longevity (Shou) Characters
Object type: piece
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: metal thread, silk
Techniques: tapestry
Culture: chinese

Writing the character for longevity (shou) in one hundred different forms has a long tradition in China. The earliest example, a stone carving dated 1229, still survives in Guangxi Province, and highly stylized examples are found in all media from later dynasties. Here, the character shou is reproduced in ten different forms, and the purported source for each form is given above in smaller characters. These panels may have once been part of a set of ten hangings with one hundred such characters. Although the gold thread has abraded, it’s not hard to imagine how marvelous and luminous this work would have been when it was displayed within the original set at a luxurious birthday celebration.
Armrests
Object type: upholstery panel
Date: 1766 – 1771
Materials: silk, wool
Artist: manufacture nationale des gobelins
Artist role: manufactory
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1662 – 1799
Subjects: flowers
Printed Fabric
Object type: textile
Date: 1780 – 1789
Materials: cotton, dye, linen
Techniques: printing block, weave, printing
Location: jouy-en-josas
Artist: christophe-philippe oberkampf
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1760 – 1843
Subjects: flowers, floral motifs, foliage

European manufacturers never successfully replicated Indian techniques for hand painting chintz (derived from the Hindi name for them, chint) fabrics, which were labor intensive and required thorough knowledge of the complex chemistry of natural dyes. After struggling with technical challenges for decades, Europeans improved color block printing techniques during the late 18th century. These advances enabled manufacturers to print multiple colors on a single fabric to more successfully imitate the brilliantly colored chintzes made in India.