deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Design for a Stage Set at the Opéra, Paris
Object type: drawing
Date: 1828 – 1890
Materials: gouache, graphite, watercolor
Artist: eugène cicéri
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1813 – 1890
Subjects: theatre,curtains,stage design
Fragment medicijnfles uit V.O.C.-schip de 'Witte Leeuw'
Object type: medicine bottle
Date: 1613 – 1613
Materials: glass
Techniques: green glass
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, sint-helena

Scherf van medicijnfles uit V.O.C.-schip de 'Witte Leeuw', flessenbodem van groen glas.
Sluitgewicht van 16 pond
Object type: weight scale component
Date: 1571 – 1571
Materials: brass
Techniques: casting, punching, riveted
Location: nuremberg
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: ijkmerk, aan weerszijden van het sluitscharnier, onderzijde bodem eerste gewicht en onderzijde bodem derde gewicht, afgeslagen: letter D met drie kronen

Nest of weights of 16 lb. Brass. Nüremberg, 1571.
Schaap in een weiland
Object type: print
Date: 1828 – 1828
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Subjects: herding, herdsman, herdswoman, shepherd, shepherdess, cowherd, etc., sheep
Inscriptions: date
Allegory of the Twelve Labors of Hercules Statues in a Circular Garden
Object type: print
Date: 1534 – 1666
Techniques: engraving
Artist: matthaeus greuter
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1566 – 1638
Subjects: sculpture,gardens,bow and arrow,hercules,globes
Herbert Beerbohm Tree (Hamlet)
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1880 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: photoaquatint
Location: london
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: portrait of actor, actress
Head of a Male Haniwa Figure with Hat
Object type: haniwa head
Date: 501 – 600
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: incising
Culture: japanese
Les-Parents-Terribles series: Yes, but you will see the captain...
Object type: print
Date: 1853 – 1853
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: france
Artist: paul gavarni
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1804 – 1866
Cassette in de vorm van een boek met daarin 10 penningen achter glas betrekking hebbend op leven en werken van Napoleon I Bonaparte, keizer der Fransen en zijn familie
Object type: cassette
Date: 1810 – 1815
Materials: glass, gold leaf, leather, tin, wood
Techniques: bronzing, striking
Location: paris
Artist: bertrand andrieu
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1761 – 1822
Subjects: joséphine de beauharnais, lodewijk xvi (koning van frankrijk), napoleon i (emperor of the french), vienna, marie louise van oostenrijk (keizerin der fransen), paris
Wandarm van verguld brons met drie, uit asymmetrische C- en S-voluten opgebouwde armen
Object type: lighting device
Date: 1750 – 1760
Materials: bronze
Techniques: gilding
Location: paris
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: ornament derived from plant forms
Inscriptions: mark: ‘No 14’

Cartel clock. Gilt bronze. Paris, c. 1745, by Charles Cressent, the movement by Jean Baptiste Hervé. Two wall-lights. Gilt bronze. Paris, c. 1750.
Een loos-alarm
Object type: popular print
Date: 1894 – 1959
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph, letterpress printing
Location: liège
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the soldier; the soldier's life, smuggler
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 10 voorstellingen over soldaat Ranselaar die twee smokkelaars oppakt. Onder elke afbeelding een onderschrift. Genummerd rechtsboven: No 403.
Inkwell (one of a pair) surmounted by finial figure representing History
Object type: inkstand
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: bronze
Subjects: eagles,female nudes,allegory

No satisfactory stylistic or technical background has been suggested for these over-the-top vessels. They should rest firmly enough on their three clawed feet; why then is there a rather massive middle floral foot under the middle of each as well? The finials rise from their triangular stands above triangular basins whose bottoms are surrounded by thin copper plates soldered into place but not tightly enough to prevent leakage. One has hardly seen Renaissance basins of inkwells needing such big areas, and the casts are extremely porous. Finials and bowls are treated much alike, with small dot marks on the draperies of the former, broader ones on the lionskin-like wrappings of the sphinxlike creatures at the basins’ corners. All the female personifications have similarly flowing locks and heavily lidded eyes. History is identifiable by her scroll, Vigilance by her rooster, its head since lost. History’s head, broken and loose, was recently restored. It is unclear why she should have a dog beside her, but nothing about these vessels makes perfect sense: perhaps least of all that the statuettes should float like small islands in their big containers. Hardly successful in any period, it is astonishing that either one should have inspired a mate. Cumbersome and in every way odd, they find no satisfactory equivalents in Venice or its outposts. Cautionary instincts and curiosity have prevented their being deaccessioned, as well as the thought that they might serve a purpose in an exhibition about fanciful nineteenth-century views of the Renaissance. -JDD
Portret van Johannes Peter Lotichius
Object type: print
Date: 1635 – 1635
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Christoffel de Assonville
Object type: print
Date: 1786 – 1786
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: brussels
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Latere staat prent gebruikt als boekillustratie in: Kok, Jacobus. Vaderlandsch woordenboek : met kaarten, plaaten en pourtraitten. Amsterdam: Johannes Allart, 1785-1796. Deel IV.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 510 – 500
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, left hand of symposiast holding a kylix
Leith Hill from Broadmoor, Surrey
Object type: drawing
Date: 1860 – 1860
Materials: gum arabic, ink, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Artist: edmund george warren
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1834 – 1909
Subjects: landscapes

Warren was one of the first to apply Pre-Raphaelite principles to watercolor landscapes. The year he made this work, a critic in the Athenaeum described him as an artist "who painted what he saw . . . [and] loved an English lane or wood-side . . . water bright, flashing and sheeny, and grass green, rain-beaten or wind-shaken." The compelling composition centers on a pond below Leith Hill, the highest point in southwest England. To help distinguish water from sky, the artist represented an orange-billed duck pursuing a dragonfly and rippling the reflective surface. Floating weeds behind give way to textured foliage growing over a rising slope, with Leith Hill Tower at the crest acting as a small punctuation point to direct the eye toward mottled clouds.
Zittende figuren, mogelijk op het strand
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1880 – 1882
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: scheveningen
Artist: george hendrik breitner
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1923
Subjects: beach (as place of recreation), sitting figure - aa - female human figure
Inscriptions: workshop stamp: Lugt 291d

Blad 16 recto uit een schetsboek met 16 bladen.
Portrait of Willem III (1650-1702), Prince of Orange
Object type: painting
Date: 1653 – 1653
Materials: oil, panel
Artist: gerard van honthorst
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1592 – 1656
Subjects: the hague, william iii (prince of orange and king of england, scotland, and ireland), historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription, top: ‘Prins Wilhelm Hendrick von Orangien / Natus in den Haagh 14 Novembris Aº 1650’

Portret van Willem III (1650-1702), prins van Oranje, als kind. Buste naar links. Kopie naar een schilderij van Gerard van Honthorst. Onderdeel van de reeks portretten afkomstig uit het Stadhouderlijk Hof te Leeuwarden.
Bowl
Object type: decorative art
Date: 1820 – 1860
Materials: wood
Location: united states
Artist: Anonymous
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1800 – 1899
Benjamin Franklin
Object type: print
Materials: paper, steel
Techniques: engraving
Location: united states
Artist: george edward perine
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1837 – 1885
Christ Carrying the Cross
Object type: plaquette
Materials: silver gilt
Culture: german
Artist: hans andreas anthoni
Artist role: artist
Subjects: christ,bearing the cross

The plaquette depicts Christ carrying the Cross. The piece is an electrotype and therefore must date from the mid-nineteenth century or later. The original composition by Hans Andreas Anthoni may have been larger and subsequently cut down to the present circular shape. A silver version of this plaquette is in the Bayerisches Nationalmuseum in Munich. The mark ET (étranger) is a Paris import designation that was in use from 1864 to 1893.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 480
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, extended right arm with hand holding a knobby stick
Faience bowl
Object type: bowl
Date: 1300 – 1101
Materials: faience
Culture: cypriot or levantine

With pale green glaze, with no decoration except dots on rim.
Pericles Attends the Lectures of Aspasia
Object type: drawing
Date: 1790 – 1800
Materials: ink
Techniques: brush, pen, wash
Artist: edward francis burney
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1760 – 1848
Subjects: interiors,men,women
Titelblad van Historisch verhael, band 6 (dl. 18), 1629-1630
Object type: print
Date: 1629 – 1630
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: battle (+ naval force)

Titelblad van Historisch Verhael, band 6 (dl. 18), 1629-1630. Titelblad met twee voorstellingen. Boven de verovering van Olinda te Pernambuco door de vloot onder admiraal Lonck, 13 februari 1630. Onder de Zweedse vloot voor Stralsund. In het midden een cartouche met de titel.
Koffer, waarin Hugo de Groot zijne gevangnis te Loevestein is ontkoomen. Naar het Origineel bij den Heer Mr. Jacob Klinkhamer, te Amsterdam.
Object type: historical object representation
Date: 1783 – 1784
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Subjects: delft, hugo de groot, trunk, suit-case

De boekenkist waarin Hugo de Groot uit Slot Loevestein ontsnapt is op 22 maart 1621. Afbeelding van de kist met gesloten deksel, in 1783 in het bezit van Mr. Jacob Klinkhamer te Amsterdam. Beschreven op de achterzijde met pen.
Lied op de overleden kardinaal-infant Ferdinand van Oostenrijk, 1641
Object type: song
Date: 1641 – 1641
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: brussels, landvoogd der zuidelijke nederlanden ferdinand van oostenrijk

Spotlied op het overlijden van de kardinaal-infant Ferdinand van Oostenrijk op 9 november 1641. Liedtekst in 2 kolommen in het Nederlands. Bij het lied behoort een afbeelding.
Young Woman Poling Herself in a Boat among Pond Lilies
Object type: print
Date: 1770 – 1790
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: woodblock print
Culture: japanese
Artist: isoda koryūsai
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1735 – 1790
Subjects: women,lilies,boats
Kaftan
Object type: fragment of a robe
Materials: metal thread, silk
Location: turkey
The angel appearing to the shepherds
Object type: print
Date: 1634 – 1634
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching, intaglio
Artist: rembrandt van rijn
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1606 – 1669
Subjects: annunciation of christ's birth to the shepherds (and/or shepherdesses) at night; a host of singing angels in the air
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240, signature and date: ‘Rembrandt. f. 1634’
The Actor Sanogawa Ichimatsu I as a young man holding an umbrella and a lantern
Object type: print
Date: 1748 – 1748
Techniques: hand coloring, woodblock print
Location: japan
Artist: ishikawa toyonobu
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1711 – 1785
Sampler
Object type: sampler
Date: 1804 – 1804
Materials: linen, silk
Subjects: human figures,animals,houses
Marie de regimentsdochter
Object type: text sheet
Date: 1864 – 1864
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: theatre, theatrical performance, art, amsterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 1641, stamp

Aankondiging van de voorstelling De Marie de regimentsdochter en Furnished apartment op 17 maart 1864. Onderwerpsrubrieken binnen de Atlas Zeden en Gewoonten: Tooneel, Toneelprogramma’s.
Moeder die aan het bed van een kind zit
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1854 – 1914
Materials: chalk, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Artist: albert neuhuys (1844-1914)
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1844 – 1914
Subjects: sitting figure, child, interior of the house, bed, mother and child(ren), woman and child(ren) (family group)

Blad 34 verso uit een schetsboek met 53 bladen.
Ngonge
Object type: ngonge
Date: 1800 – 1889
Materials: metal
Culture: african
Location: west coast
Beer Street
Object type: print
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: william hogarth
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1697 – 1764
Subjects: streets,men,women,drinking
Actress standing with hand on hip, from the Actresses series (N668)
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actresses" series (N668), issued ca. 1888. The publisher is unknown.
Jar
Object type: jar
Date: 2649 – 2100
Materials: pottery
Location: egypt
Palace portal in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Object type: photograph
Date: 1865 – 1890
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: jaipur
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: gate, entrance
Inscriptions: number: ‘150’, number: ‘08’, title: ‘Jeypore - Gate of Palace’
Augustus Washington Clason
Object type: painting
Date: 1820 – 1820
Materials: canvas, oil
Culture: american
Artist: john wesley jarvis
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american, born england
Artist dates: 1780 – 1840
Subjects: men,portraits
Figured Ostracon
Object type: ostracon, figured, ibex
Date: 1550 – 1295
Materials: ink, paint, pottery
Location: egypt
Subjects: animals
Ruitvormige ornamenten
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1876 – 1924
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: gerrit willem dijsselhof
Artist role: designer, draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1866 – 1924
Subjects: ornaments ~ art

Blad 39 verso uit een schetsboek met 40 bladen.
Fragment of a Veil (Yashmak)
Object type: fragment of a veil
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: cotton
Techniques: painting
Location: india
Subjects: flowers
Rots met vissers
Object type: print
Date: 1853 – 1853
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching
Location: brussels
Artist: martinus antonius kuytenbrouwer jr.
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1821 – 1897
Subjects: ass, donkey, river, rocks, fisherman, beasts of prey, predatory animals: fox
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Vanaf een rots heeft een visser zijn hengel uitgegooid in het water, terwijl een tweede visser aan de waterkant staat te hengelen. Op een pad, dat door de rotsen voert, loopt een man met een ezel en rechts loopt een vrouw met een hengel over haar schouder. De voorstelling is omlijst door een met begroeiing en twee vossen versierd venster.
Gezicht op de Rue Royale in Parijs na de brand door de Commune van Parijs
Object type: cabinet photograph
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: paris
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: ruin of a building ~ architecture, street
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Rue Royale’
Cheminée à la Moderne
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1772 – 1779
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: paris
Subjects: open hearth, fire-place, ornament ~ festoon, garland
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een open haard gedecoreerd met guirlandes. Prentnummer 161.
Gezichten in Rome
Object type: print
Date: 1675 – 1711
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: ruin of a building ~ architecture, public baths
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Ontwerpen voor maskers en andere ornamenten
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1745 – 1745
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: london
Subjects: fabulous animals (sometimes wrongly called 'grotesques'); 'mostri' (ripa), mask, mascaron ~ ornament, cupids: 'amores', 'amoretti', 'putti'

Rechtsboven genummerd: 7. Prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Córdoba
Object type: book
Date: 1884 – 1884
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper
Techniques: photograph, lithograph, printing
Location: barcelona
Artist: pedro de madrazo
Artist role: schrijver
Cup
Object type: cup
Date: 1573 – 1620
Materials: porcelain
Culture: chinese
Subjects: men
Plate 3, from the Fans of the Period series (N7) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: fans,women

Trade cards from the "Fans of the Period" series (N7), issued in 1889 in a series of 50 cards to promote Allen & Ginter Brand Cigarettes.
Ste. Radegonde, reine (St. Radagund, Queen), August 13th, from "Les Images De Tous Les Saincts et Saintes de L'Année" (Images of All of the Saints and Religious Events of the Year)
Object type: print
Date: 1636 – 1636
Techniques: etching
Artist: jacques callot
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1592 – 1635
Subjects: queens,women,saints

This print is part of a series comprised of a title page, frontispiece, and 122 plates. Each of these 122 plates contains four oval scenes depicting Saints and Religious Events for each day of the year. This etching was originally one of four oval scenes on a plate in the series.
Scherven van borden uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: sherd
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: porcelain
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip)
Gezicht op Amsterdam vanaf de Hoogte Kadijk tot de Muiderpoort
Object type: drawing
Date: 1700 – 1799
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: amsterdam
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta', amsterdam
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Geschenk v. d. W= C. Schöffer / Nov. 1880/ / 35’, inscription: ‘Port. 2’

Onderwerpsrubriek binnen de Atlas Amsterdam: Gezichten van het IJ op het Oostelijk gedeelte der stad, Nieuwebrug tot Zeeburg.
Roma
Object type: photograph
Date: 1857 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: rome
Subjects: public road
Inscriptions: number: ‘Po. 1a. No. 6778.’
Portret van een man met snor, bril en vlinderstrik
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1860 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: prague
Artist: j. tomáš
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: eyeglasses, spectacles, moustache, historical persons
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Otok[..] Rarar[..]/ AK’, inscription: ‘J. TOMÁŠ/ fotograf a techn. lucebnik/ sv. Vacslavske námesti/ v/ PRAZ/ cislo/ Fotograf u. techn. Chemikrn/ St. Wenzels Platz/ in/ PRAG/ Nro/ 7./’
Portret van Willem III en Emma, koning en koningin der Nederlanden
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1875 – 1890
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: emma (queen consort of the netherlands), brussels, willem iii (koning der nederlanden), historical persons - bb - woman, historical persons, ruler, sovereign - bb - female ruler, ruler, sovereign
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘HH. MM. de Koning en Koningin der Nederlanden’
Operatrix potentia
Object type: print
Date: 1582 – 1593
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions, river, healing of a woman with an issue of blood: she kneels before christ after having touched his robe (matthew 9:20-22; mark 5:25-34; luke 8:43-48)

Rivierlandschap met gebouw op een berg. Een vrouw die al twaalf jaar aan bloedverlies leed nadert Christus van achteren en raakte de zoom van zijn bovenkleed aan (Luc. 8:43). De prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Naakt mansbeeld.
Object type: sculpture
Date: 1400 – 1950
Materials: bone
Viola d'Amore
Object type: viola d'amore
Date: 1739 – 1739
Materials: wood
Culture: german
Location: germany

The viola d'amore, or viola "of love," is a bowed stringed instrument which gained great popularity in the eighteenth century. Much of its history, including the derivation of its name, is unknown. It has many characteristics of the viol family such as a flat back, ribs that are flush with the top and back, and a rosette in addition to soundholes. Yet, like a violin, it is unfretted and held under the chin while played. Violas d'amore typically have seven playing strings, though instruments with other numbers of strings are not unusual. Perhaps the most distinguishable characteristic of the viola d'amore is the presence of sympathetic strings, which are not played but located behind the bowed strings and vibrate "in sympathy." The sympathetic strings contribute to produce a tone that is clear, and often described as "silvery." The sympathetic strings also contribute to creating a more resonant sound with a longer decay. Sympathetic strings are found on several European folk instruments, including the Swedish nyckelharpa and the Norwegian hardanger fiddle. They are prevalent on stringed instruments from India, most notably the sitar. The viola d'amore was popular with eighteenth-century composers and can be found in the works of J. S. Bach, Vivaldi, Telemann, Haydn, and Locatelli. Description: Seven playing and seven sympathetic strings, wavy outline, spruce belly of very fine and even grain with high, full arching, flame soundholes, stained hardwood and maple purfling, and inserted oval rosette; overhanging edges; thin, flat, one-piece, plain maple back cut on slab, sloping to top; no purfling; plain maple ribs; maple neck, grafted pegbox and scroll; replacement ebony fingerboard and tailpiece, fingerboard, raised and widened by wedges; replacement ebonized fruitwood pegs with mother-of-pearl eyes; spruce soundpost board; traces of thick brown varnish mostly washed off and replaced with thin, light brown varnish, retouched in various places; two dowels in ribs and upper block; pegbox open both sides; sympathetic strings attached to small pins in lower rib; lower nut extremely high and probably not original; crude replacement bridge; probably originally six playing and six sympathetic strings as nut is too narrow for the current configuration. (R. Hopfner, 1997)
Plate 15: mid-bust of a young woman in profile wearing a hat topped with feathers, from 'The Book for Learning to Draw' (Livre pour apprendre à dessiner)
Object type: print
Date: 1649 – 1649
Techniques: etching
Artist: stefano della bella
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1610 – 1664
Subjects: profiles,women
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix: eye-cup (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 525 – 501
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, head of a bearded satyr to right; part of a vine; below, tip of an eyebrow and top left corner of an eye
Carriage and Figures (from Sketchbook)
Object type: drawing
Date: 1811 – 1893
Materials: graphite, ink, paper, watercolor
Techniques: pen
Culture: american
Artist: john william casilear
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1811 – 1893
Subjects: carriages
Vessel Stem Bowl
Object type: stem bowl
Date: 1500 – 1000
Materials: pottery
Culture: thai