deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Sibillaru decem
Object type: print
Date: 1606 – 1609
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Artist: raffaello schiaminossi
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1572 – 1622
Subjects: writing tablets, sibyls
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Deze prent maakt deel uit van een serie bestaande uit een titelprent en tien prenten met voorstellingen van Sibillen. De serie is drie keer uitgegeven: eenmaal in 1606 en tweemaal in 1609 door verschillende uitgevers. Om deze reden worden de prenten uit deze serie hier 1606-1609 gedateerd, behalve indien de individuele prent zelf gedateerd is.
Tam Tam, from the Musical Instruments series (N82) for Duke brand cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: musical instruments,women,musicians

Trade cards from the "Musical Instruments" series (N82), issued in a set of 50 cards in 1888 to promote W. Duke Sons & Co. brand cigarettes.
Traveling Writing Set
Object type: metalwork
Date: 1860 – 1870
Materials: metal, silver, wax
Location: england
Anatomische afbeelding XX
Object type: print
Date: 1680 – 1688
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: biology, anatomical models (usually series of five figures)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie opgenomen in: Blankaart, Steven. Collectanea medico-physica, oft Hollands jaar-register der genees- en natuur-kundige aanmerkingen, 3 delen, dl. II, fol. 375. Amsterdam: Jan Claesz ten Hoorn, 1680-1688.
Bronzen sculptuur van een samoerai
Object type: print
Date: 1883 – 1883
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: félix hilaire buhot
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1847 – 1898
Subjects: private soldier, piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture, japanese
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233

Prent uit een serie bestaande uit acht platen plus titelprent en ex libris, naar Japanse objecten uit de collectie van Philippe Burty, uitgegeven in Parijs door Edmond Sagot in (april) 1883.
In dat jaar vond er een belangrijke tentoonstelling plaats evenals andere Japan-georiënteerde activiteiten. Op 10 april 1883 opende de eerste retrospectieve tentoonstelling van Japanse kunst in de Westerse wereld in de Gallery Georges Petit op de Rue de Sèze te Parijs. Volgens een brief van Buhot aan Octave Uzanne, gedateerd 4 april 1883, had Buhot in 1875 reeds negen van de tien platen vervaardigd.
Bourcard & Goodfriend vermelden dat er van de serie vijftig waren gedrukt op Japans papier, honderd op Nederlands papier en enkelen op geel met goud bewerkt papier.
De eerste staat van deze plaat was linksonder 1874 gedateerd.
Pair of Lappets (Joined)
Object type: costume and accessory
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: lace, silk
Techniques: lace
Location: bayeux
Cranes Among Young Pines Near a Stream
Object type: print
Date: 1830 – 1830
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: surimono, woodblock print
Culture: japanese
Artist: unidentified artist
Artist role: artist
Subjects: cranes,trees
Gezicht op een hoek van het stadhuis van Middelburg met beelden in nissen van graven en gravinnen van Vlaanderen en Zeeland
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1875 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph, photolithography
Location: middelburg
Subjects: townhall, sculpture
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘NICHES en pierres (...)’, monogram: ‘JJvY’, inscription: ‘LITT. N. - PL. 4’
Ontwerp voor het plafond in het café van Palais Royal
Object type: design
Date: 1877 – 1950
Materials: paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Location: amsterdam
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: inn, coffee-house, public house, etc., (decorated) ceiling
Inscriptions: number: ‘54’, inscription: ‘VDE 1.7.85’, name: ‘Th. v. M. / Theodoor van Malde’, inscription: ‘N.Z. Voorburgwal / Schets van een plafond / In Cafe "Palais Royal"’, number: ‘54’
Bandontwerp voor: Nescio, Dichtertje, de uitvreter en titaantjes, 1918
Object type: drawing
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: haarlem
Subjects: book-cover, binding, (scenes from) specific works of literature (with author, title)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Bandontwerp voor: Nescio. Dichtertje, de uitvreter en titaantjes. Haarlem: Johannes Henricus de Bois, 1918.
Portret van Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
Object type: print
Date: 1846 – 1918
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Subjects: paris, print maker, draughtsman, jean auguste dominique ingres, historical persons, portrait, self-portrait of painter
Mathias Häusermann
Object type: photograph
Techniques: albumen silver print, glass negative
Artist: franz antoine
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: austrian
Artist dates: 1815 – 1886
Subjects: men,portraits
Portret van Simon Episcopius
Object type: print
Date: 1657 – 1706
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: northern netherlands
Subjects: theologian, historical persons, professor

Met tienregelig vers in het Latijn onder het portret.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 520 – 510
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, part of a circumscribed palmette; leg of male to right
Vijftigjarige herdenking van de Slag bij Waterloo 1865
Object type: history medal
Date: 1865 – 1865
Materials: tin
Techniques: striking

Tinnen penning, op de voorzijde het gelauwerde portret van Koning Willem II naar links, met omschrift, op de keerzijde een man die een liggende vijand met een steen gaat verpletteren, daarachter een paard en een Nederlands vaandel, met omschrift en afsnedetekst.
Portret van Anuce Foës op 52-jarige leeftijd
Object type: print
Date: 1588 – 1588
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, letterpress printing
Location: frankfurt am main
Subjects: historical persons, physician, doctor (+ portrait of scholar, scientist)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, inscription: ‘le monogramme dénote selon toute vraisemblance Pierre Woeiriot de Loiraine, (...)’

Het verso is de titelpagina voor: Foës, Anuce. Oeconomia Hippocratis, alphabeti serie distincta (...). Frankfurt: André Wechel, 1588.
Stichting van de loge "Berceau du Roi de Rome" te 's-Gravenhage
Object type: history medal
Date: 1811 – 1811
Materials: bronze
Techniques: striking
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague
Small table leg
Object type: table leg
Date: 1667 – 1733
Materials: gesso, wood
Techniques: carving, gilding
Seal
Object type: seal
Date: 1621 – 1628
Materials: jade
Culture: chinese
Fragment of a Carpet with Niche and Flower Design
Object type: carpet fragment
Date: 1630 – 1640
Materials: silk, wool
Techniques: asymmetrically knotted pile
Location: india

This fragment was part of a carpet that had a pointed arch (a portion of the supporting column is seen at left) with a single flowering plant at the center. This is considered one of the finest examples of carpet weaving because of its extremely sensitive drawing and extraordinarily high knot count—2,552 knots per square inch.
Fotoreproductie van een tekening, voorstellende een portret van Stijn Streuvels
Object type: reproduction
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Subjects: stijn streuvels, portrait of a writer
Terracotta phiale (libation bowl)
Object type: phiale
Date: 300 – 201
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, calenian or campanian or south italian
Subjects: nike,horses,chariots

The scene represented in relief on these two phialai derives from a late fifth century B.C. prototype, probably of silver. It represents the apotheosis of Herakles, who appears in a four-horse chariot drawn by a winged Nike and accompanied by the chariots of Athena, Ares, and Dionysos. Rogers Fund, 1923 (23.160.12)
Print
Object type: print
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: woodblock print
Culture: japanese
Artist: utagawa kunisada
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1786 – 1864
Subjects: fans,women
Agaet Roijal / Winder Scheyer
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1639 – 1639
Materials: paint, parchment, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush
Location: amsterdam
Artist: jacob marrel
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1614 – 1681
Subjects: insects: dragon-fly, flowers: tulip, insects: beetle
Inscriptions: date

De tekening maakt deel uit van een album.
San Lorenzo, Library, Ricetto, upper window, elevation; niche,elevation, plan, and section (recto) San Lorenzo, Library, Ricetto, niche, details; upper window, details, elevation (verso)
Object type: drawing
Materials: chalk, ink
Techniques: incising
Artist: anonymous, french, 16th century
Artist role: draftsman
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1500 – 1600
Subjects: architecture
Reichswald te Kleef
Object type: print
Date: 1851 – 1924
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: netherlands
Artist: carel nicolaas storm van s-gravesande
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1841 – 1924
Subjects: forest, wood, sunset
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een ondergaande zon in het Reichswald bij Kleef. Rondom vijf gezichten op een interieur, een landschap en steden.
Portret van liedschrijver Bernardino del Boccia
Object type: print
Date: 1750 – 1750
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: lucca
Subjects: historical persons, portrait of a writer, writer, poet, author
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Boccia / 821’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent gebruikt voor Grazzini, Anton Francesco. Tutti i trionfi, carri, mascherate o canti carnascialeschi andati per Firenze dal tempo del Magnifico Lorenzo de' Medici fino all' anno 1559 : in questa seconda edizione corretti, con diversi MSS. collazionati, delle loro varie lezioni arricchiti, notabilmente accresciuti, e co' ritratti di ciascun poeta adornate. Lucca: Cosmopoli, 1750.
Textile Fragment
Object type: textile fragment
Date: 1801 – 1833
Materials: linen, metal thread, silk
Techniques: embroidery, weave
Location: greece
Subjects: flowers
Visitekaartje van Georg Rueter
Object type: visiting card
Date: 1898 – 1898
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: georg rueter
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1875 – 1966
Subjects: haarlem, amsterdam, georg rueter
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘R:MVS.’
Eitai Bashi Tsukudajima Ryosen
Object type: print
Date: 1835 – 1835
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: woodblock print
Culture: japanese
Artist: utagawa hiroshige
Artist role: artist
Subjects: bridges,rivers,working,ships
Portret van sir George Savile, eerste markies van Halifax
Object type: print
Date: 1740 – 1740
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching, pen
Location: amsterdam
Artist: jacob houbraken
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1698 – 1780
Subjects: william iii (prince of orange and king of england, scotland, and ireland), london, maria ii stuart (koningin van engeland, schotland en ierland)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240, name: ‘Savile Marquiss of Halifax’

Portret van sir George Savile, eerste markies van Halifax. Onder het portret een cartouche waarin Savile de Engelse kroon aanbiedt aan Willem III en zijn echtgenote Mary II Stuart, op 13 februari 1689.
La Kahina
Object type: page
Date: 1893 – 1898
Materials: paper
Techniques: three-color autotype
Subjects: witch, sorceress
Rubbing of an Inscription of Bakong
Object type: rubbing
Date: 1901 – 2000
Materials: ink, paper
Culture: cambodian
Portret van Josef Cremer
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1894 – 1894
Materials: paper
Techniques: rotogravure
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: date
Ring
Object type: ring
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: marble
Culture: chinese

This collection of largely ethnographic jewelry includes examples from cultures in South America, North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa and dates from the Pre-Columbian period to the twentieth century. Owned by renowned art collector and fashion enthusiast Muriel Kallis Newman, the collection represents her knowledge and appreciation of a wide range of jewelry design and making traditions. Numerous items in her collection are composite artifacts made from various cultures and time periods reappropriated as modern jewelry creations by or for Muriel. It is important to note that Newman wore many of the pieces in the collection, interpreting them to suit and express her own singular, often avant-garde style.
Jeff's Last Shift
Object type: print
Date: 1865 – 1865
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: john cameron
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american, born scotland
Artist dates: 1828 – 1896
Subjects: satire,tents,american civil war,men,women

During the closing days of the American Civil War Northern satirists often showed the defeated Confederate President Jefferson Davis trying to slip through enemy lines wearing women's clothing. After Robert E. Lee surrended on April 9, 1865, Davis evaded capture for a month, pursued by Union troops who believed he had plotted the assassination of President Lincoln. On May 10th he was finally arrested in Georgia wearing his wife's overcoat, thrown on as he rushed out of the house. Northern tabloids embellished this detail and described Davis in a dress, inspiring prints like this one. Challenge Southern claims of gallantry and chivarly, the image echoes a popular song titled "Jeff in Petticoats." Here, Union cavalrymen have stopped Davis, noticing military boots beneath his dress. Two girls inside a tent at left ask the soldiers to "Please let my old mother go to the spring for some water to wash in!" and "Who will care for Mother now?" The soldier lifting the subject's skirt says "It strikes me your Mother wears very big boots!!" leading Davis to reply "I am done gone! I must "kick the bucket."
La Pratique de l'Aiguille, page 4 (verso)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1605 – 1605
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: matthias mignerak
Artist role: author

Written by Matthias Mignerak, title page engraved by Pierre Firens, French, born Paris 1641, dedicated to Marie de Medici, Florence 1575-1642 Cologne, published by Jean Le Clerc, Paris. Extract of the King's privilege printed in black.
Bird at the Water's Edge
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1887 – 1892
Materials: silk
Culture: japanese
Artist: kawabata gyokushō
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: japanese
Artist dates: 1842 – 1913
Subjects: birds
Ceramic Fragment
Object type: fragment
Date: 801 – 1000
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: glazing
Location: iraq

This ceramic fragment was excavated in Ctesiphon, the Sasanian metropolis and administrative capital conquered by Arab Muslim armies in 637. The city continued to be inhabited throughout the era, when it was known in Arabic as al-Mada’in, or "the cities", because of the expansive area it encompassed. Arab and Persian historians and poets indulged in describing al-Mada’in/Ctesiphon’s grand monuments. Muslim rulers also celebrated the glory of these monuments, which through time had acquired symbolic significance due to their association with the city’s imperial past. This was the case of the Taq-i Kisra, an impressive colossal ivan (a vaulted hall with one side open) that was partially dismantled to reuse its bricks in caliphal buildings in the new capital of Baghdad. Finds like this fragment attest to the continued occupation of Ctesiphon’s urban area in the first centuries of the Islamic period, during which a pilgrimage site developed at Salman Pak, an area named after the tomb of Salman al-Farsi, one of the early companions of the Prophet and the first Iranian to convert to Islam. The site is still visited by pilgrims today. Excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the Taq-i Kisra, in a small, fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. According to the agreements, the finds were first divided with the Iraqi authorities, between Berlin and New York.
Profile of a woman wearing an evening gown
Object type: print
Date: 1880 – 1910
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: josé guadalupe posada
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: mexican
Artist dates: 1852 – 1913
Subjects: profiles,women
Model of a House
Object type: model
Date: 1101 – 1300
Materials: stonepaste
Techniques: molding, relief
Location: iran
Subjects: houses
Kroning van Karel V tot keizer
Object type: strooipenning
Date: 1530 – 1530
Materials: silver
Techniques: striking
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: charles v (holy roman emperor and king of spain)

Zilveren penning. Voorzijde: borststuk man met kroon binnen omschrift. Keerzijde: zuilen van Herkules met daartussen jaartal binnen lauwerkrans.
Cardplayers: three men, two seated one standing before a spread of cards on a table
Object type: print
Date: 1867 – 1867
Techniques: etching
Artist: mariano fortuny, 1838–1874
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: spanish
Artist dates: 1838 – 1874
Subjects: men,playing cards
New Entertainment at the Parisian Evening Parties. The spirit of Mr. Hume shaving the beard of Monsieur de St. Potard and undoing the hair of Madame Coffignon, plate 8 from Ces Bons Parisiens
Object type: print
Date: 1857 – 1857
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress, lithograph
Location: france
Artist: honoré daumier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1808 – 1879
Spawaterfles met afgeplat, bolvormig lichaam
Object type: spawaterfles
Date: 1600 – 1699
Materials: glass
Techniques: glassblowing
Location: southern netherlands
Artist: Anonymous

Bolvormig plat lichaam, overgaand in een hoge slanke hals.
Portret van Johannes de Laet op zestig jarige leeftijd
Object type: print
Date: 1641 – 1661
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: jan gerritsz. van bronckhorst
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1603 – 1661
Subjects: antwerp, leiden, johannes de laet
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 963, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portret van Johannes de Laet, op zestigjarige leeftijd met opengeslagen boek.
Portret van een staande jongen
Object type: photograph
Date: 1876 – 1890
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: leuven
Artist: jean-françois meeus-verbeke
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1845 – 1906
Subjects: standing figure, boy (child between toddler and youth), historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘PHOTOGRAPHIE INALTÉRABLE/ Procédé au Charbon/ Meeus Verbeke/ 24, Rue de la Station, 24./ LOUVAIN/ Atelier de Pose au Premier./ [...] étant conservé, il suffit de/ [...]’
Small Bracelet of Twisted Wire
Object type: bracelet
Materials: gold
Culture: indonesian, javanese
Akademie van Beeldende Kunsten en Technische Wetenschappen te 's-Gravenhage
Object type: medal
Date: 1873 – 1873
Materials: bronze
Techniques: striking
Location: utrecht
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the hague

Bronzen penning. Voorzijde: opschrift. Keerzijde: blanco veld binnen lauwerkrans
Linnen servet van damastweefsel met pellenpatroon (motief II), aan vier zijden omzoomd
Object type: napkin
Date: 1690 – 1710
Materials: linen
Location: haarlem
Artist: Anonymous
Plate 9: Marcolfa finds Bertoldino hatching eggs, from "Bertoldo, Bertoldino, and Cacasenno"
Object type: print
Date: 1705 – 1715
Techniques: etching
Artist: giuseppe maria crespi
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1665 – 1747
Portret van Chlodio, koning der Franken
Object type: print
Date: 1598 – 1598
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio
Location: nuremberg
Subjects: scrollwork, strapwork ~ ornament, historical persons, ruler, sovereign
Inscriptions: number: ‘158’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Prent afkomstig uit de publicatie: Michael Eizinger. Könige in Frankreich. Keulen: Johann Bussemacher, 1598, p. 4. De publicatie bevat prenten van Jost Amman en Virgil Solis.
Zes genrevoorstellingen
Object type: table of content
Date: 1878 – 1878
Materials: paper
Techniques: wood engraving, letterpress printing
Location: london
Subjects: child, family life at home

Prent uit: Greenaway, Kate. Under the window, pictures & rhymes for children. Londen: George Routledge & Sons, 1878, p. 8.
Portret van Peter Anich
Object type: print
Date: 1785 – 1846
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: berlin
Subjects: historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
New Modelbüch (Title page, 1r)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1615 – 1615
Techniques: etching
Location: germany
Artist: andreas bretschneider
Artist role: designer
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1573 – 1645
Subjects: birds,men,women,wreaths

Designed by Andreas Bretschneider, German, ca. 1578-?1640, printed by Henning Gross the younger, Leipzig. Etched hand-colored title page, 29 etched plates (including 3 counterproofs), 20 pages of designs including 4 duplicates.
Portret van dame, zittend naar rechts
Object type: drawing
Date: 1540 – 1626
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: sofonisba anguissola
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1527 – 1625
Fotoreproductie van (vermoedelijk) een daguerreotypie, voorstellende een dubbelportret van een onbekend echtpaar
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1880 – 1900
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: carbon print
Location: aarhus
Artist: ludvig kicer
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: couple of lovers
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Cb 1385.’
Necklace with disc beads and amulets
Object type: necklace, bead
Date: 1550 – 1425
Materials: gemstone, faience, glass, gold, silver, stone, tin
Location: egypt

This necklace is composed of tiny disk beads interspersed with a variety of amulets, including falcons, a frog, Tawerets, a lotus, bolti fish, a shell or bullae, a hand, and a "nefer" sign. Some amulets, such as the lotus, frog, and fish, symbolize fertility, while Taweret and the falcon offer protection. The "nefer" hieroglyph conveys a good wish. This necklace was one of three stored in a small jewelry box in a man's burial.
CAIRE - Village Arabe aux environs.
Object type: photograph
Date: 1895 – 1905
Materials: paper
Techniques: autotype
Location: egypt
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: prospect of village, silhouette of village, river bank
Inscriptions: number: ‘21’

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met foto's van bezienswaardigheden in Griekenland en Egypte.
Yan Family Temple Stele
Object type: rubbing
Date: 1901 – 2000
Materials: ink, paper
Culture: chinese
Artist: yan zhenqing
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: chinese
Artist dates: 709 – 785

The calligraphy reproduced in this rubbing was engraved on a stone stele erected at the family temple of the official and calligrapher Yan Zhenqing. The text on the stele, which is dedicated to Yan's father, records the achievements of earlier generations of the family. The original stele is preserved today in the Forest of Stelae in Xi'an. Although many forms of calligraphy were practiced during the Tang dynasty, standard script from that period had the greatest impact on the later history of the art. In standard script, exemplified by Yan's stele inscription, square-shaped characters are written with articulated strokes that have complex turns, hooks, and dots. From the Tang dynasty on, this script type was used extensively for formal documents and public monuments. Standard script is the form of calligraphy first learned by children and is the basis for the typefaces used in Chinese printing. One of the most influential artists in Chinese history, Yan Zhenqing was also a prominent statesman of the Tang dynasty and suffered a martyr's death when he refused to submit to rebels intent on overthrowing the dynasty. This monumental writing is seen by scholars of calligraphy as a powerful reflection of Yan's unconquerable integrity.