deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Man met ezels
Object type: print
Date: 1664 – 1664
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Artist: jan frans soolmaker
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1635 – 1685
Subjects: ass, donkey, dog
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 269

In een bergachtig landschap loopt een man met twee bepakte ezels. Voor hem loopt een hond
Gezelschap danst de carmagnole
Object type: drawing
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: christiaan andriessen
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1775 – 1846
Subjects: dancing, group dancing among upper classes
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘J Andriessen’, collector's mark: Lugt 1641a, collector's mark: Lugt 1641, inscription: ‘17 april Nu heb ik haar gezien, maar nihil hic / ô ô hè wel v.....d wat scheeld je? Wel je trapt mij daar zo op myn lykdoren / Dansons la carmagnole’

Dagboekblad uit het getekende dagboek dat Christiaan Andriessen bijhield van 1805 tot en met 1808.
Earring
Object type: earring
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: gold, stone
Culture: tibet, eastern
Dorica
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1583 – 1583
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: antwerp
Subjects: garden, french or architectonic garden; formal garden
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Deel van een ontmanteld album waarvan RP-P-2013-1-54-1 t/m -37, RP-P-2013-1-55-1 en -2 en RP-P-2013-1-63 t/m 67 deel waren.
Georgiana Augusta Frederica Elliott (1782–1813), Later Lady Charles Bentinck
Object type: painting
Date: 1784 – 1784
Materials: canvas, oil
Artist: sir joshua reynolds
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1723 – 1792
Subjects: girls,portraits

Georgiana Augusta Frederica was the daughter of Grace Dalrymple Elliott (whose portrait by Gainsborough at the Museum [20.155.1] is exhibited in Gallery 615). The record of her christening names George Augustus Frederick, Prince of Wales (later George IV) as her father, although her father may actually have been the 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley. She was reared in the Cholmondeley family and married William Charles Bentinck (1780–1826), third son of the 3rd Duke of Portland, in 1808, five years before her death at the age of thirty-one. Painted during the sitter's third year in 1784, the portrait is particularly well perserved.
Standbeeld van een consul in toga met schriftrol
Object type: print
Date: 1636 – 1647
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: rome
Subjects: piece of sculpture, reproduction of a piece of sculpture, male persons from classical history

Standbeeld van een consul in toga met schriftrol. Op de basis het wapenschild van Vincenzo Giustiniani. Prent maakt deel uit van een album met een serie prenten naar de sculpturen in de verzameling in de Galleria Giustiniani te Rome.
Ceramic Fragment
Object type: fragment
Date: 801 – 1000
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: painting, underglaze
Location: iran
The usefulness of the crinoline when cheating the customs, plate 414 from Actualités
Object type: print
Date: 1857 – 1857
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: france
Artist: honoré daumier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1808 – 1879

Daumier’s Actualités (News of the Day) lithograph series for the satirical daily Charivari treated many themes, with topics ranging from fashion to politics. Here the trendy crinoline cage supporting newly widened skirts proves a convenient method to shield foodstuffs from taxation; the whalebone frame covers most of a butcher’s larder as well as an oversized wine bottle.
Veue du Palais et de l'Eglise de Sainct Marc a Venize
Object type: print
Date: 1645 – 1691
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Subjects: church (exterior), city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent maakt deel uit van een ongenummerde serie van zes prenten.
Vase fragment
Object type: vase fragment
Date: 580 – 550
Materials: terracotta
Culture: etruscan
Alexander the Great
Object type: bust
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: marble
Artist: viktor brodzki
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: polish
Artist dates: 1825 – 1904
Subjects: alexander the great,men,portraits
Panel formed of three smaller panels, interior decoration of the apartment of the comtesse d‘Artois at Versailles
Object type: panel
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: wood
Techniques: carving, gilding, painting
Subjects: leaves
Vaderlandsche Chocolaad
Object type: print
Date: 1787 – 1787
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: rotterdam
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Jacobus Wijsman heeft sommige platen van de serie patriottenportretten van Abraham Jacobsz. Hulk aangepast en hergebruikt in zijn eigen serie patriottenportretten.
Jagers en jachthonden houden een beer in bedwang
Object type: print
Date: 1773 – 1773
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: hunting dogs, hunt ~ predatory animals (fox, lion), beasts of prey, predatory animals: bear
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Servet met London, de Thames, Engelse wapens, koning Willem III en Mary Stuart en veroverde steden
Object type: napkin
Date: 1695 – 1699
Materials: linen
Techniques: damask
Subjects: the hague, william iii (prince of orange and king of england, scotland, and ireland), maria ii stuart (koningin van engeland, schotland en ierland), london
Amphora (Storage Jar)
Object type: vessel
Date: 530 – 520
Materials: terracotta
Culture: etruscan
Location: etruria
Artist: attributed to the ivy leaf group
Subjects: animals

During the sixth and fifth centuries BC, the Etruscans, who lived north of Rome, increasingly imported Athenian ceramics decorated with scenes of Greek mythology, religion, and daily life. Made of fine, iron-rich clay that fired orange, decorated with a rich black gloss, and sometimes embellished with white and purple-red details, the ceramic vessels produced in Athens were the finest of Classical antiquity.

Etruscan artists, no doubt eager to capitalize on the high demand for Greek vases, and perhaps also hoping to attract customers unable to afford the imported wares, set up a workshop, probably at Vulci, to produce facsimiles of the Athenian vases. This vessel’s attenuated proportions and symmetrical profile create an especially elegant shape that belies the somewhat coarse texture of the local Etruscan clay from which it is made. The clay’s poor quality also stymied attempts to replicate the highly refined surface finishes of Athenian vases. Nevertheless, the painter of this vase skillfully composed his scenes within trapezoidal picture fields bounded above by a decorative pattern of interlacing lotus buds and dots and along its sides by a single line. On the front, a hound looks back at a horse and hunter, while a stag and hare flee for their lives on the back.
Nicolas Grillié Evêque d'Uzés
Object type: print
Date: 1633 – 1688
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: claude mellan
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1598 – 1688
Subjects: archbishop, bishop, etc. (roman catholic), historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De voorbereidende tekening bevindt zich in de collectie van de Hermitage te Sint-Petersburg, inv.nr. 1826.
Knob depicting a balloon ascent
Object type: knob
Date: 1783 – 1783
Materials: brass, copper, enamel
Subjects: hot air balloons

The ascent of this unidentified hydrogen balloon attracts a large crowd of curious onlookers. Machines newly invented in the late eighteenth century allowed metalware manufacturers to stamp designs onto brass (an ideal material because of its malleability) to form the exterior of such furniture fittings. Extant pattern sheets suggest that these decorative knobs may have been used as cloak pins, chimney piece knobs, or commode handles. Decorated with enamel disks, these knobs are among the enameled goods often called "Battersea enamels" in common parlance (referring to the manufactory at York House, Battersea, operating only between 1753 and 1756). However, we rarely known exactly where individual pieces were made. The main centers of enamel production were in London, South Staffordshire (particularly in Bilston and Wednesbury), and Birmingham. By the middle of the eighteenth century, technological innovations had made it possible to roll copper, instead of the far costlier gold, into very thin sheets. Powdered glass mixed with minerals (to determine the opacity and color of the enamel) would then be applied onto the copper sheets and fired at high temperatures. A design—whether a famous portrait, generic pastoral scene, or floral motif— could be painted on by hand or copied from an engraving through the newly invented process of transfer printing. Many enameled objects combined both methods of decoration and would be refired after the application of each new layer or color.
Uitnodiging van Schilder- en Teekenkundig Genootschap "Kunstliefde" voor een kunstbeschouwing, 26-28 november 1912
Object type: print
Date: 1911 – 1912
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: netherlands
Subjects: criticizing and discussing art, art criticism, circle, club of artists, collecting and exhibiting products of the fine arts, farm or solitary house in landscape
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Boerderij. Uitnodiging van Schilder- en Teekenkundig Genootschap "Kunstliefde" voor een kunstbeschouwing op 26-28 november 1912 van de portefeuille van de werkende leden.
Netsuke of Okame with Wart Mask
Object type: netsuke
Date: 1801 – 1833
Materials: ivory
Culture: japanese
Subjects: masks
Portret van Edward Ernest
Object type: photograph
Date: 1863 – 1868
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: boy (child between toddler and youth)
Annie Summerville, from the Actors and Actresses series (N145-3) issued by Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1889
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: w. duke, sons & co.
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1870 – 1920
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the set "Actors and Actresses" (N145-3), issued in the 1880s by W. Duke Sons & Co. to promote Cross Cut Cigarettes. There are eight subsets of the N145 series. Various subsets sport different card designs and also promote different tobacco brands represented by W. Duke Sons & Company. This card is from the third subset, N145-3. Note that actors' names are spelled differently on cards throughout set and are not dependable for accuracy.
Interieur van de Nieuwezijds Kapel te Amsterdam, tijdens de sloop in 1908
Object type: photograph
Date: 1908 – 1908
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: amsterdam
Artist: albert adriaansz
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1877 – 1941
Subjects: interior of church
Inscriptions: number: ‘'08.157’, inscription: ‘Adriaansz. Photographie/ Planciustr: No.63/ Amsterdam’, collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Portret van Gian Battista Sommariva
Object type: print
Date: 1815 – 1817
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Subjects: politician, historical persons, lawyer, attorney at law, physician, doctor
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Mogelijk prent uit: Frémy, Jacques Noël Marie. Croquis de portraits des personnages remarquables dans tous les genres, dessinés et gravés. Parijs: Jacques Noël Marie Frémy, 1815-1817.
Flattened pebble seal
Object type: stamp seal
Date: 3500 – 2900
Materials: stone
Location: mesopotamia
VOC, duit Holland, 1748
Object type: coin
Date: 1748 – 1748
Materials: copper
Techniques: striking
Location: dordrecht

Koperen munt. Voorzijde: gekroond wapenschild van Holland. Keerzijde: monogram van de VOC, waarboven muntteken en waaronder jaartal. Gladde rand.
Side chair (part of a set)
Object type: side chair
Date: 1701 – 1725
Materials: wood
Techniques: carving, damask
Bottle
Object type: glass
Date: 1840 – 1850
Materials: amber, glass
Location: bohemia
Machine van engelsche vinding, gewijzigd ten behoeve van Congres-presidenten, zoo er over koloniale politiek wordt gesproken in een anderen dan in hunnen geest
Object type: print
Date: 1864 – 1864
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: arnhem
Subjects: meeting, assembly, loaf-sugar
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Spotprent op Jhr Hartsen als president van de vierde sectie op het congres ter bevordering van sociale wetenschappen te Amsterdam over koloniale politiek. De president kan een suikerbrood op de spreker laten zakken wanneer zijn diens toon hem niet bevalt. Plaat verschenen bij het weekblad De Nederlandsche Spectator, nr. 43, 22 oktober 1864.
Meisjes miyamairi kimono met tollen
Object type: kimono
Date: 1920 – 1940
Materials: silk
Techniques: painting, weave
Location: japan
Artist: Anonymous

Formele kimono voor een meisje voor het eerste bezoek aan een Shinto schrijn (miyamairi kimono), met een versiering van tollen van verschillende maten tegen een donker- en lichblauw geblokte achtergrond. Blauwe crepe zijde (chirimen) met een gestencilde yuzen decoratie in blauw, geel en verschillende tinten groen en oranje. Voering van roze crepe zijde (chirimen).
Fragmenten uit psalmen
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1895 – 1895
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: carel adolph lion cachet
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1864 – 1945
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘daarvan zal ruisen als de/ Libanon/ Gij hebt mij mijn weeklage/ veranderd in een rei/ G hebt mijn zak ontbonden/ en mij met blijdschap omgord/ De Heere is mijn Herder mij/ zal niets ontbreken/ Hij doet mij nederliggen in grazige weiden [...]’

Blad 4 recto uit een schetsboek met 11 bladen.
Les Secondes Oeuvres, et Subtiles Inventions De Lingerie du Seigneur Federic de Vinciolo Venitien, page 38 (recto)
Object type: book print ornament architecture
Date: 1603 – 1603
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: federico de vinciolo
Artist role: designer
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1582 – 1599
Subjects: ornament

Designed by Federic de Vinciolo Venitien, published by Jean Le Clerc, Paris, dedicated to Catherine de Bourbon, French, 1558-1604. From top to bottom, and left to right: Design is printed upon a grid and has a central section consisting of 2 squares; each square is decorated with a different quatrefoil motif. The middle section is framed on the left and right by a border ornamented with a diverse floral pattern.
Library Tables, from Chippendale Drawings, Vol. II
Object type: drawing ornament architecture
Date: 1759 – 1759
Materials: ink
Techniques: wash
Location: london
Artist: thomas chippendale
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1718 – 1779
Subjects: tables

Preparatory drawing for Thomas Chippendale's 'Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director'. Published in reverse as plate LXXVII in the third edition of 1762, but created as early as 1759 according to the Act of Parliament on the print itself.
De Pruisische ruiter verjaagt de kezen en de hanen, 1787
Object type: cartoon
Date: 1787 – 1787
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: pruisische inval in de republiek
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Allegorische voorstelling van de Pruisische interventie in de Nederlanden, 1787. Een Pruisische ruiter van het regiment Totenkopfhusaren verjaagt met getrokken sabel de Franse hanen en keeshonden (patriotten) uit de Hollandse Tuin.
Close Helmet
Object type: close helmet
Date: 1600 – 1600
Materials: copper alloy, gold, leather, steel
Culture: french
Location: france
Ovale medaillons met spelende kinderen
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1610 – 1615
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: antoine jacquard
Artist role: print maker, publisher
Artist dates:  – 1640

Ongenummerd blad uit serie van 10 bladen met ontwerpen voor juwelen.
Water jar
Object type: jar
Date: 1550 – 1295
Materials: pottery
Location: egypt
Portret van Willem van Bloys van Treslong
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1792 – 1792
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: brielle, historical persons, commander-in-chief, admiral
Inscriptions: date

Prent uit: Kok, Jacobus. Vaderlandsch woordenboek : met kaarten, plaaten en pourtraitten. Amsterdam: Johannes Allart, 1785-1796, dl. 28.
Offer van Isaak
Object type: print
Date: 1668 – 1668
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Subjects: the sacrifice of isaac (genesis 22)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Een engel houdt Abraham tegen die op het punt staat om zijn zoon Isaak te offeren.
Snuff Bottle
Object type: snuff bottle
Date: 1736 – 1795
Materials: amber, lacquer, mother of pearl
Techniques: inlay
Culture: chinese
Subjects: human figures,children
Gummen van Eberhard Faber
Object type: photograph
Date: 1915 – 1935
Materials: paper
Techniques: gelatin silver print, hand coloring
Location: springfield
Subjects: writing tools
Inscriptions: stamp: ‘Paramount/ Commercial Studios/ 145 Chestnut St./ Springfield - Mass.’, number: ‘203’
Abraham van Diepenbeeck
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1872 – 1877
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: antwerp
Artist: joseph maes
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1838 – 1908
Subjects: antwerp, print maker, draughtsman, abraham van diepenbeeck, historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘1599. - 1675.’

Deze prent maakt deel uit van een omslag met 150 prenten en een katern met een lijst van afbeeldingen.
Preisswürdige Emportierung der Trierische Statt u. Vestung Trarbach u. Greveburg
Object type: print
Date: 1712 – 1715
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: augsburg
Subjects: siege, position war

Beleg van het kasteel van Trarbach door de geallieerden vanaf 14 november, inname op 18 december 1704. Voorstelling van het beleg in een rijk versierde ornamentele omlijsting met bovenaan een cartouche met een kaart van de ligging van het kasteel, bekroond met de Duitse adelaar en vaandels. Onderaan een cartouche met de beschrijving van het gevecht in het Duits. Blad in de gebonden verzameling platen uitgebracht onder de titel: Repraesentatio belli ... Der Spanische Successions-Krieg [ca. 1720].
Gezicht op het West-Indisch Huis te Middelburg
Object type: print
Materials: paper, pencil
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: trade-company, exterior ~ representation of a building
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘West-Indische Kamer’, inscription: ‘Banck van Leeninge’

Oorspronkelijk van één plaat gedrukt met drie andere voorstellingen. Latere staat van prent in zijn geheel ook gebruikt in: Smallegange, Mattheus. Nieuwe Cronyk van Zeeland (…). Middelburg en Amsterdam: Johannes Meertens en Abraham van Someren, 1696.

Huidige voorstelling later (plaat mogelijk versneden) met andere voorstelling van zelfde plaat en apart gedrukte sierrand ook gebruikt in: Aa, Pieter van der. La galerie agreable du monde (...). 66 delen. Leiden: Pieter van der Aa, 1728, dl. 20.

Zie RP-P-AO-15-141I-2-1 voor latere staat.
Heilige Benedictus
Object type: print
Date: 1620 – 1667
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Subjects: benedict of nurcia, abbot of monte cassino and founder of the benedictine order; possible attributes: aspergillum, book, cup (sometimes broken), raven with loaf, sieve (or tray)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

De Heilige Benedictus staat voor een grot. Voor hem een groep van zijn volgelingen die hem eten komen brengen. Midden onder een cartouche aan weerszijden geflankeerd door een putto.
Salver
Object type: salver
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: metal, silver
Artist: alexandre gueyton
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1800 – 1900
Landschap met graanoogst
Object type: print
Date: 1708 – 1759
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Subjects: farmers, cereal, grain, corn (grass with grains, grown for food, e.g.: wheat, rice, rye, oats, maize, buckwheat, millet), agriculture, ploughing
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Een rivierlandschap met op de voorgrond een groep boeren en boerinnen die met behulp van ossen graan oogsten en een veld ploegen.
Portret van de Darras Brothers, acrobaten tijdens truc mandolinespelend
Object type: cabinet photograph
Date: 1870 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: berlin
Artist: wilhelm scharmann
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: acrobat ~ circus
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘Internationale/ Theater-Agentur/ für concert, Circus u. Varieté von S.z. Aschenfarb/ Hamburg/ St. Pauli, Silbersackstr. 16,i’, annotation: ‘The Darras Brothers’, annotation: ‘The Darras Brothers/ Phenomenale hand u. kopf [...]/ gage 15 tage [...]/ 150 gulden’, inscription: ‘Berlin, S.W./ Kommandantenstr. 15/ gegenüber der Beuth-Strasse (...)’
Bratina with cover
Object type: bratina with cover
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: silver gilt
Artist: elkington & co.
Artist role: manufacturer
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1829 – 1963
Subjects: flowers,leaves

This electrotype is after a 1642 original in the treasure of the Kremlin, Moscow.
Strainer
Object type: strainer
Date: 1279 – 1213
Materials: gold
Location: egypt

Wine services do not seem to have a long history in Egypt, but appear to have been introduced in the New Kingdom when wine-drinking became a feature of elite society in the Ramesside Period. This gold strainer is intended for a wine service, removing sediment from the beverage as it is poured out of jugs, jars or flasks into bowls, goblets or situlae for drinking. The strainer indicates that most if not all of the Tell Basta vessels belonged to just such a wine service, certainly a very special one associated with a temple festival.
Main Street
Object type: print
Date: 1939 – 1940
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: minnetta good
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1895 – 1946
Subjects: houses,streets,cars
Fragment
Object type: glass fragment
Date: 1150 – 1250
Materials: ceramic, glass
Culture: european or middle eastern
Tien decoraties bij het Alliantiefeest te Amsterdam in 1795
Object type: print
Date: 1795 – 1795
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: the old government and its supporters (after revolution), envy; 'invidia' (ripa) ~ personification of one of the seven deadly sins, ruin of church, monastery, etc., festivities on events of national importance (+ festive decoration ~ festive activities), amsterdam, alliance with france (1795)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

De Vernietiging van de Oude Constitutie, allegorische decoratie opgericht op de Botermarkt te Amsterdam bij het Alliantiefeest op 19 juni 1795. Decoratie in de vorm van de ruïne van een gotische kapel, op het centrale chassinet draait de Nijd aan het rad van de aristocratie dat een molensteen in beweging brengt. Onderdeel van een serie van tien platen.
Composed Armor
Object type: composed armor
Date: 1401 – 1500
Materials: brass, copper alloy, iron, leather, steel
Culture: european
Location: germany
Artist: matthes deutsch
Artist role: armorer
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1480 – 1520

This armor was composed from pieces of several different armors and completed with restorations between about 1920 and 1928. Both arm defenses, the right gauntlet, and the genuine parts of the left thigh defense come from a large find of medieval armor discovered in 1840 in the ruins of the fortress of Chalcis, on the Greek island of Euboea (then a Venetian colony called Negroponte). The fortress had been captured and destroyed by the Turks in 1470. Now divided largely between the Ethnological Museum, Athens, and The Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Chalcis hoard contains many rare and unusual elements of fourteenth- and fifteenth-century armor. Of particular importance are the variety of headpieces and the many fragments of brigandines (armor for the torso constructed of small plates riveted to layers of fabric), some of which retain portions of their original velvet covering. The Chalcis armor provides a unique picture of the armament used in the Aegean, one of the easternmost military outposts of the Venetian empire.