deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Design for Patterned Silk
Object type: drawing collection ornament architecture
Date: 1780 – 1825
Materials: gouache, paper, watercolor
Artist: jean françois bony
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1760 – 1825
Subjects: roses,leaves
Kristallen kan met metalen stop, uit het Louvre
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1866 – 1890
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Location: louvre museum
Subjects: container of glass: bottle, jar, vase
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Photographed by C. Thurston Thompson.’
Blad met alternerend strooipatroon van grote en kleine bloemen
Object type: printed paper
Date: 1750 – 1900
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing block
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: ornament derived from plant forms
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met alternerend strooipatroon van grote en kleine bloemen. Waarschijnlijk de helft van een omslag.
Dwarf as Galatea (one of a pair)
Object type: statuette
Date: 1770 – 1770
Materials: terracotta
Techniques: casting, polychrome
Artist: walter pompe
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: flemish
Artist dates: 1703 – 1777
Subjects: galatea
A showman
Object type: print
Date: 1804 – 1804
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, hand coloring
Subjects: performance in the open air (pleasure fair), peep-show
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 4779, collector's mark: Lugt 4780

De eigenaar van de kast heeft een houten been en draagt een rode uniformjas en een driepuntige steek. Bovenop de kast een eekhoorn in een tredmolen met belletjes.
Marble sarcophagus fragment: Eros leaning on a reversed torch
Object type: sarcophagus fragment
Date: 134 – 166
Materials: marble
Culture: roman
Subjects: eros
River Estuary
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1675 – 1699
Materials: paper
Techniques: wash
Location: france
Artist: nicolas pussin
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1594 – 1665
Kasteel Zuilichem
Object type: drawing
Date: 1718 – 1718
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: brush, pen
Location: gelderland
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: castle
Inscriptions: number: ‘104’, date and inscription: ‘'t sloth Zuijlecem aende west zijde. d. 13.aug. 1718’
Cup with dragon handles
Object type: cup
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: jade
Culture: chinese
Subjects: dragons
Buckle
Object type: buckle
Date: 409 – 711
Materials: bronze
Culture: ibero-roman or visigothic
Location: spain
Christus en de apostelen
Object type: print
Date: 1519 – 1519
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Location: straatsburg
Artist: hans baldung grien
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1484 – 1545
Subjects: 'salvator mundi', making a blessing gesture; an orb in his hand or at his feet
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228a

Christus als Salvator Mundi. Hij staat op een regenboog met rijksappel in linkerhand, met zijn rechterhand maakt hij een zegenend gebaar. Hij wordt omringd door wolken met kleine engelen.
Vrouw, mogelijk oosters
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1887 – 1934
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: paris
Artist: isaac israels
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1865 – 1934
Subjects: adult woman

Pagina 16 uit schetsboek XXXIX met 51 pagina's.
Vrouw bij een fontein in Nishi Otani, Kyoto, Japan
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1890 – 1903
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print, hand coloring
Location: kyoto
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: adult woman, ornamental fountain, kyoto
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘No. 627. Nishi Otani at Kioto’
String of 16 Beads
Object type: necklace, bead
Date: 100 – 100
Materials: glass
Location: egypt
Group of slaves
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1870 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: south africa
Subjects: casting weapons: spear, slavery; serfs and enslaved persons, mother and child(ren), woman and child(ren) (family group), historical persons not known by name
Inscriptions: number: ‘33. 34.’, inscription: ‘SA’
Figured flask
Object type: flask
Date: 1835 – 1860
Materials: glass
Techniques: glassblowing, molding
Culture: american
Location: united states
Subjects: trees
Peasant Woman with Child
Object type: figure
Date: 1750 – 1760
Materials: soft paste porcelain
Artist: mennecy
Artist role: factory
Subjects: women
Terracotta rim fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 460 – 450
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, head and part of upper torso of youth to left, with his himation draped over his head
Baseball Pitcher, from the Games and Sports series (N165) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,women,baseball

The "Games and Sports" series of trading cards (N165) was issued by Goodwin & Company in 1889 to promote Old Judge Cigarettes. The Metropolitan Museum of Art owns all 50 cards in the series.
Portret van Hugo de Groot
Object type: print
Date: 1710 – 1731
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: delft, hugo de groot, historical persons, scales, portrait of a writer
Powder Horn
Object type: powder horn
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: horn
Culture: american
Location: united states
Jagging Wheel
Object type: jagging wheel
Date: 1800 – 1900
Materials: steel
Gezicht op de Oude Ade bij Leiden
Object type: print
Date: 1762 – 1822
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Artist: hermanus petrus schouten
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1747 – 1822
Subjects: river, bridge, farm (building), leiden

Gezicht op een boerderij aan de Oude Ade bij Leiden. Links passeert een zeilboot een ophaalbruggetje. Rechts een roeiboot. Rechtsboven genummerd: 2.
Interieur van de Église de la Sainte-Trinité te Parijs, met zicht op het koor
Object type: photograph
Date: 1875 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: sainte-trinité
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: parts of church interior: nave, parts of church interior: choir
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘KUNSTNIJVERHEIDSCHOOL <BR />QUELLINUS <BR />AMSTERDAM <BR />FRANS HALSSTRAAT 14.’, inscription: ‘Moderne Kunst - Frankrijk. ,,La Trinité'' te Parijs. Binnenaanzicht (Koorzijde.)’, collector's mark: ‘INSTITUUT VOOR KUNST- <BR />NIJVERHEIDSONDERWIJS <BR />GABRIËL METSUSTRAAT No. 16. <BR />AMSTERDAM’, inscription: ‘CWN.’
Gezicht op La Conciergerie in Parijs
Object type: stereograph
Date: 1860 – 1880
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: paris
Subjects: tower, clock tower ~ monumental adornment
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Le Marche aux fleurs’
Portret van Juliana, koningin der Nederlanden
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1911 – 1912
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: photography
Location: the hague
Subjects: juliana of the netherlands
Inscriptions: inscription

De hier vermelde titel verwijst naar de hoogst verkregen titel van de geportretteerde, niet per se naar de titel die de geportretteerde op deze voorstelling draagt.
Daybed (Lit de repos or sultane) (part of a set)
Object type: daybed
Date: 1788 – 1788
Materials: cotton, silk, wood
Techniques: carving, embroidery, gilding, painting, weave
Artist: jean-baptiste-claude sené
Artist role: maker
Artist dates: 1748 – 1803

The Palace of St. Cloud belongs to the Duke of Orleans, is situated on the declivity of a mountain washed by the Seine. . . . The view from the house is delightful. — Harry Peckham, A Tour through Holland . . .and Part of France Louis XVI purchased the country residence of the duc d’Orléans a few miles west of Paris for Marie-Antoinette in 1785. Being in need of renovation, the palace was enlarged and altered for the queen, and many pieces of furniture were commissioned from Jean-Baptiste-Claude Sené. A member of an important dynasty of Parisian chairmakers, Sené had been appointed menuisier to the Crown in 1784. A detailed 1788 description of this set, which also included four matching armchairs and a stool, indicates that the pieces were intended for one of Marie-Antoinette’s private rooms at Saint-Cloud, her Cabinet Particulier. The frame of the daybed, originally longer but shortened at a later date, is embellished with carving of ivy on the seat rail and garlands of roses along the crest rail. Ionic capitals surmount the short legs, and most remarkable of all are the Egyptian female half-figures on tapering supports that decorate the front stiles. Even though in his bill Sené called them simply caryatids, these figures clearly express the queen’s taste for ornament derived from ancient Egyptian art, well before Napoléon’s North African campaign made it fashionable. Similar ornament is found on the bergère (a comfortable armchair upholstered between the arms and the seat ), which, in addition, has a medallion on top with Marie-Antoinette’s initials framed by myrtle branches and roses. The matching screen, however, displays classical female figures on its feet and top rail. Unfortunately, the identity of the sculptor is not known, but Louis-François Chatard is documented as having painted and gilded the wooden surfaces. The 1789 inventory of Saint-Cloud records the entire suite in the queen’s Cabinet de Toilette, or dressing room. Listed by its show covers, as was customary for seat furniture, the set is described as being upholstered in white cotton twill, embroidered with a small floral ornament in silk. Known to have worked on needlepoint projects all her life, Marie-Antoinette did the embroidery herself, which she executed in satin stitch. Modern replicas of the queen’s handiwork, including her interlaced monogram on the panel of the fire screen, grace the frames of the furniture today. The colorful floral embroidery on the light cotton ground conveys a sense of summer, the season Marie-Antoinette preferred to spend at Saint-Cloud.
Side Chair
Object type: side chair
Date: 1780 – 1800
Materials: wood
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: michael smith
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1736 – 1836
Schetsblad
Object type: drawing
Date: 1770 – 1787
Materials: paper, pencil
Location: netherlands
Artist: jan brandes
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1743 – 1808

Dubbelgevouwen blad met verschillende schetsen. Enkele figuren met de namen van de sibillen Tibertina, Phrygia, en Cimea. Ook een schets van een genezing door Christus.
The Dead Christ in the Tomb
Object type: panel or plaque
Date: 1501 – 1600
Subjects: angels,christ,death
De machtige heerser Karel met de zegen van God koning van Groot-Britannië, Frankrijk & Ierland, verdediger van het geloof, enz.
Object type: print
Date: 1612 – 1665
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Artist: cornelis van dalen (i)
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1602 – 1665
Subjects: karel i (koning van engeland)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Ruiterportret van Karel I, Koning van Engeland, gekleed in koningsmantel, met kroon op zijn hoofd en scepter in zijn hand. In het landschap op de achtergrond ligt de plaats Edinburgh.
Tea House on the Yokaido Road, Yokohama to Yeddo
Object type: photograph
Date: 1865 – 1865
Techniques: albumen silver print, glass negative
Artist: john thomson
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british, scottish
Artist dates: 1837 – 1921
Begin van de jacht
Object type: print
Date: 1761 – 1761
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: rotterdam
Subjects: hunting dogs, assembling, 'départ pour la chasse', fowling, fowler
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Bij een schimmel staat een ruiter met één voet in de stijgbeugel. Naast hem staan een man en een vrouw. Rechts een man te paard en een valkenier. Tussen de figuren verschillende jachthonden, rechts een muur, een overkapping en een trap.
Gezicht op Château de Grosbois vanaf de tuinen
Object type: album leaf
Date: 1631 – 1691
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, hand coloring
Location: paris
Subjects: castle

Gezicht op Château de Grosbois vanaf de tuinen. Prent maakt deel uit van een album.
View of the Park at Versailles: Monumental Staircase, Pedestal and Temple
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: graphite, paper
Techniques: brush, wash
Location: france
Artist: pierre antoine mongin
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1761 – 1824
Inlet Upper Ausable Lake-Mount Haystack
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1891 – 1891
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: new york
Subjects: mountains
Inscriptions: number: ‘Plate XIX.’
Head of Attendant
Object type: head
Date: 1001 – 1200
Materials: clay, pigment
Culture: chinese
Subjects: human figures,heads
Mitts
Object type: mitt
Date: 1860 – 1869
Materials: silk
Culture: american
Terracotta fragment of a column-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water)
Object type: column krater fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

At the left, bit of drapery; legs of a draped male to right, with a chlamys and a stick
Samuel J. "Skyrocket" Smith, 1st Base, Louisville Colonels, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1887 – 1890
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,portraits,baseball,athletes

The "Old Judge" series of baseball cards (N172) was issued by Goodwin & Company from 1887 to 1890 to promote Old Judge Cigarettes.
Oktober
Object type: print
Date: 1568 – 1568
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: etienne delaune
Artist role: draughtsman, goldsmith, print maker
Artist dates: 1519 – 1583
Subjects: libra (zodiacal sign of september), october and its 'labours' (+ with zodiacal signs)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Maakt deel uit van een twaalfdelige serie van de twaalf maanden met tekens van de dierenriem, in ovale vorm. In de collectie van het Rijksmuseum bevindt zich de complete serie.
Overdekt theehuis met mensen, in de tuin van Landgoed De Paauw
Object type: photograph
Date: 1913 – 1913
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: geldolph adriaan kessler (dolph)
Artist role: fotograaf, industrieel, voetballer
Artist dates: 1884 – 1945
Subjects: huize de paauw
Zeilend schip met kustlijn op de achtergrond
Object type: print
Date: 1866 – 1910
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching, intaglio
Artist: frans hens
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1856 – 1928
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat, landscapes with waters, waterscapes, seascapes (in the temperate zone)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Navires au Garage à Kantara
Object type: photograph
Date: 1880 – 1883
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: al qantarah
Artist: hippolyte arnoux
Artist role: publisher
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat, canal
Inscriptions: number: ‘112’

Onderdeel van Reisalbum met opnames van bezienswaardigheden in Egypte, Nederlands-Indië, Singapore en Ceylon.
Crescent Ornament
Object type: ornament
Date: 201 – 300
Materials: copper
Techniques: hammering
Culture: moche
Location: peru
Subjects: birds
Concorso di primo grado : Giuseppe Brentano di Milano
Object type: reproduction
Date: 1886 – 1889
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: milan
Subjects: drawing, sketch, parts of church exterior and annexes: façade
Inscriptions: number: ‘Tavola No. 50.’
Brief aan Joop Sjollema
Object type: letter
Date: 1938 – 1938
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Artist: richard nicolaüs roland holst
Artist dates: 1868 – 1938
Subjects: delft, johannes vermeer, amsterdam, print maker, joop sjollema, paris, draughtsman, jean baptiste siméon chardin, the hague, painter, derk wiggers, painting (including book-illumination, miniature-painting)
Brief aan Frans Buffa en Zonen
Object type: letter
Date: 1889 – 1889
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: the hague
Artist: otto eerelman
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1839 – 1926
Subjects: publisher, drawing, money
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233
Jonah Cast on Shore by the Fish, from "The Story of Jonah," a set of four plates
Object type: print
Date: 1585 – 1585
Techniques: engraving
Artist: maerten de vos
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1532 – 1603
Subjects: men,fish
Goblet
Object type: goblet
Date: 1800 – 1830
Materials: glass, lead
Techniques: glassblowing
Culture: american
Location: mid-atlantic
Briefkaart
Object type: postcard
Date: 1900 – 1900
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: printing, writing
Location: munich
Artist: paul bergmann
Artist role: publisher
Subjects: vaalbank, clarens (zuid-afrika), president, paul kruger, zuid-afrika
Inscriptions: date

Briefkaart, beschreven en gericht aan Paul Kruger, afkomstig van medestander van de Boeren in hun strijd tegen de Engelsen; speciale briefkaart met pro-boerse tekst en afbeelding. Gedateerd: poststempel.
Adoration of the Shepherds
Object type: print
Date: 1500 – 1550
Techniques: etching
Artist: anonymous, italian, 16th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1500 – 1600
Subjects: men,women,virgin mary,jesus,adoration of the shepherds
Op de weg van Bergün naar de Keschhütte.
Object type: stereograph
Date: 1895 – 1920
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: collodion silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: geldolph adriaan kessler (dolph)
Artist role: fotograaf, industrieel, voetballer
Artist dates: 1884 – 1945
Inscriptions: title: ‘Op de weg van Bergün naar de Keschhütte.’
Figuren in een heuvellandschap en een man met een wandelstok
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1841 – 1853
Materials: ink, paper, pencil
Techniques: pen
Artist: johannes tavenraat
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1809 – 1881
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions, walking-stick, staff, adult man, rural housing, e.g. country-house, villa, cottage

Blad 31 recto uit een schetsboek met 87 bladen.
Netsuke
Object type: netsuke
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: wood
Culture: japanese
Subjects: men,fish
't Vermaaklijk tijdverdrijf. Zo noemt met alles wat. / Dit prentgeschenk u toont, en in zijn soort bevat
Object type: print
Date: 1827 – 1894
Materials: paper
Techniques: colour, letterpress printing
Location: schaarbeek
Subjects: musician, children's games and plays, characters (human types), games using special objects (marbles, top, hoop, etc.)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760, collector's mark: ‘Edw. Ipers / Oever 27, / Antwerpen.’

Blad met 36 voorstellingen van spelen en bezigheden voor kinderen en volwassenen. Onder elke afbeelding een tweeregelig vers. Genummerd rechtsboven: No 123.
Gezicht op Brielle
Object type: print
Date: 1716 – 1716
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: prospect of city, town panorama, silhouette of city (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), brielle

Prent uit: Bruin, Claas. Kleefsche en Zuid-Hollandsche Arkadia of Kabinet (...). Amsterdam: Johannes Oosterwyk en Hendrik van de Gaete, 1716.
Menigte probeert een man van een ladder te halen
Object type: print
Date: 1806 – 1806
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: reinier vinkeles (i)
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1741 – 1816
Subjects: altarcross, crucifix, church (exterior), ladder
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Op een plein klimt een man op een ladder richting een aan een kerk bevestigd kruisbeeld. Een menigte rent naar hem toe en probeert hem naar beneden te halen.
Bronze statuette of Minerva
Object type: statuette of athena
Date: 1 – 300
Materials: bronze
Culture: roman
Subjects: minerva
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 515 – 500
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Artist: skythes
Artist role: artist

Exterior, part of a circumscribed palmette with tendrils; start of handle root
Imaginary View of S. Giacomo di Rialto, from Vedute
Object type: print
Date: 1735 – 1744
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: italy
Artist: canaletto
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: italian
Artist dates: 1697 – 1768
Dish in the Shape of an Arrow's Fletching
Object type: dish
Date: 1601 – 1633
Materials: copper, glaze, iron, stoneware
Techniques: underglaze
Culture: japanese

Originally part of a larger set, these dishes would have been used during the informal meal (kaiseki) before the formal part of the tea ceremony.
Quoerendo, de lustplaets van de Hr. Louis Renard tusschen de Schulpbrug en Omval aen den ringdijk uit het groote bloemperk naer achteren te zien / Quoerendo, Maison de plaisance de Monsr. Louis Renard pres l'Omval aijant vüe sur le Jardin
Object type: print
Date: 1725 – 1768
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: french or architectonic garden; formal garden

Prent gebruikt in: Niedek, Mattaeus Brouërius. Het verheerlykt Watergraafs- of Diemermeer by de stadt Amsterdam (...). Amsterdam: Andries en Hendrik de Leth, 1725. Of in: Niedek, Mattaeus Brouërius. Het verheerlykt Watergraafs- of Diemermeer by de stadt Amsterdam (...). Amsterdam: Pieter Jan Entrop, 1768.
Portret van Katharina von Bora
Object type: print
Date: 1782 – 1782
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: augsburg
Subjects: trees: laurel (branch, stick), historical persons - bb - woman
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Two Men Working at a Machine
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: graphite, paper
Location: england
Artist: william henry pyne
Artist role: author
Artist nationality: english
Artist dates: 1769 – 1843
Terracotta rim fragment of a skyphos (deep drinking cup)
Object type: skyphos fragment
Date: 450 – 430
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Back of the head, locks of hair, and part of wing of a winged figure to right; ancient repair visible
The Misanthropist (Misantropie)..., from L'imagination, published in Le Charivari, February 10, 1833
Object type: print
Techniques: lithograph
Artist: honoré daumier
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1808 – 1879
Subjects: satire,men
The Last Supper and Christ Washing the Feet of the Apostles
Object type: print
Date: 1460 – 1465
Materials: ink, paper, watercolor
Techniques: brush, hand coloring, pen
Location: germany
Artist: Anonymous
Artist nationality: bavarian
Artist dates: 1400 – 1499

Communion bread came in different shapes in Renaissance Europe, and this variety is particularly clear from depictions of the Last Supper, when Christ symbolically offers his body to his disciples. In this metalcut series on the life of Christ, the shape of the bread—the traditional Bretzel, or pretzel—betrays that the prints were made in Bavaria. While the handwritten text on the verso of the adjoining sheet in the booklet (once comprising nineteen metalcuts) does not mention the pretzel, it is handcolored in a warm, doughy yellow. A similar glow suffuses the head-on Sudarium at center, an unusually abstract inclusion for an image of the Passion.

The fifteen metalcuts, or "dotted prints," that form this Passion suite constitute one of the most complete block books in existence. It is possible that the series at one time included as many as nineteen images, each exquisitely hand-colored with the biblical text inscribed on the reverse. The stars, shells, and other repeating patterns were produced by hammering metal punches, such as those used by goldsmiths and armorers, into the soft metal plates.