deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
19th century copy of Louis XV style frame
Object type: frame
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: wood
Techniques: carving, gilding
Culture: french
Raphicerus melanotis (Cape grysbok)
Object type: drawing
Materials: chalk, ink, paper, pencil, watercolor
Techniques: brush, pen
Artist: robert jacob gordon
Artist role: draughtsman
Artist dates: 1743 – 1795
Subjects: animals
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Caapse Grijsbok Ram en Ooij. [...]; schaalverdelingen met : duijm Rijnlandse Maat. [bij linkerschaal]’
William Makepeace Thackeray
Object type: drawing
Date: 1850 – 1850
Materials: graphite
Artist: frederic, lord leighton
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: british
Artist dates: 1830 – 1896
Subjects: men,portraits
Duit van de VOC uit de stad Utrecht,1764
Object type: coin
Date: 1764 – 1764
Materials: copper
Techniques: striking
Location: utrecht

Koperen munt. Voorzijde: op balk, waaronder guirlande, geplaatst, door twee leeuwen gehouden gekroond wapenschild van de stad Utrecht. Keerzijde: monogram van de VOC, waarboven muntteken en waaronder jaartal. Gladde rand.
Vrouw in een deuropening
Object type: print
Date: 1857 – 1913
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching
Artist: edouard tyck
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1847 – 1922
Subjects: adult woman, open door, front steps
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 500 – 490
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Artist: apollodoros
Artist role: artist

Interior, youth holding a cup with his left hand, on the rim of the cup, one letter of an inscription, K; in his right hand he holds a trefoil oinochoe; on the oinochoe, an inscription, KALE
Sovereign of the Clouds of Dawn (Bixia Yuanjun)
Object type: sculpture
Materials: bronze, pigment
Location: china
Tomb Post
Object type: tomb post
Date: 1401 – 1600
Materials: feather, silver, wood
Culture: inca
Location: peru
Subjects: animals
From the Sports Girls series (N463) for Old Port Plug Tobacco
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: old port plug tobacco
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: women,sports,athletes

The "Sports Girls" series of trading cards (N463) was issued by Old Port Plug Tobacco in the late 1880's to promote the company's tobacco products. This series was issued twice, by Cameron & Sizer and Old Port Plug. Each version of the series is identical except for the tobacco company named on the card recto.
Design for treatment of a chimney-piece and adjacent door
Object type: drawing
Date: 1830 – 1897
Materials: graphite, watercolor, paper
Artist: jules-edmond-charles lachaise
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1897 – 1897
Subjects: doors,fireplaces
Briefkaart aan Philip Zilcken
Object type: postcard
Materials: cardboard, ink
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: the hague
Artist: hendrik willem mesdag
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1831 – 1915
Subjects: philip zilcken, the graphic arts, painting (including book-illumination, miniature-painting), venice
November
Object type: print
Date: 1849 – 1849
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing, engraving
Location: netherlands
Subjects: overlijden van willem ii, prins van oranje, synode van dordrecht
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Midden boven een voorstelling van aangeklede varkens treurend bij een uitgebeend varken. Daaronder een aantal voorstellingen van gebeurtenissen die plaatsvonden in de maand november, waaronder de dood van Willem II in 1650 en de synode van Dordrecht in 1618. Midden onder voorspellingen en waarnemeningen voor de maand november in 1849.
Giroflée rouge, rose des 4 saisons, renoncule
Object type: print
Date: 1824 – 1824
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: cut flowers; nosegay, bunch of flowers
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233
Figure of Hapy
Object type: hapy, son of horus
Date: 1295 – 1185
Materials: faience
Location: egypt
René Potier Seig'r et Duc de Tresme
Object type: print
Date: 1642 – 1678
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: paris, historical persons
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Maakt deel uit van een grootschalige serie met portretten van prominente figuren. Binnen de serie bevindt zich een sectie getiteld 'Les Augustes Représentations De tous les Roys De France depuis Pharamond Iusqu'à Louys XIIII'.
De serie werd respectievelijk uitgegeven door Pierre Bertrand, door zijn weduwe en door De Larmessin zelf.
Apothecary jar (albarello)
Object type: albarello
Date: 1560 – 1570
Techniques: maiolica, glazing
Culture: italian
Subjects: women
Two plaques with the Tomb of William of Orange in the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft
Object type: plate
Date: 1657 – 1657
Materials: earthenware, glaze
Location: delft
Subjects: delft, william i (prince of orange), grave, tomb and other grave-forms and grave-markers
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘10 Julij 1584 prins willem oud 51 Jaer 2 maende en 16 dagen’, signature and date: ‘Junius .6.16.1657’

Plaat van faïence, beschilderd in blauw met een zijaanzicht van het graf van Willem van Oranje (de Zwijger) in de Nieuwe Kerk te Delft.
Shakyamuni triad
Object type: hanging scroll
Date: 1565 – 1565
Materials: gold, silk
Culture: korean
Artist: unidentified artist
Artist role: artist
Subjects: buddhism,bodhisattvas,buddha,shakyamuni

This exquisite painting depicts the historical Buddha, Shakyamuni (Korean: Seokga), flanked by two attending bodhisattvas, Manjusri (Korean: Munsu; bodhisattva of wisdom) and Smantabhadra (Korean: Bohyeon; divine guardian of believers), shown without their usual attributes of a lion and an elephant, respectively. The deities’ elegantly attenuated bodies, graceful gestures, and delicate facial features as well as the luxurious coloring and sumptuous patterns of their garments intensify both the aesthetic and spiritual experience of the viewer. According to the gold inscription, this painting was commissioned by Queen Dowager Munjeong (d. 1565) to pray for the health of her son, King Myeongjong (r. 1546–67), and to celebrate the birth of the crown prince and the restoration of Hoeam Temple, a major Seon Buddhist (Chinese: Chan; Japanese: Zen) monastery located near the capital and an influential royal temple of the early Joseon. This piece was part of a set of four hundred paintings, one hundred each (fifty in color and fifty in gold) of triads depicting the Buddha Shakyamuni (Historical), Maitreya (Future), Baisajyaguru (Medicine), and Amitabha (Western Paradise). Only a handful survive. The set demonstrates the importance of Buddhist beliefs, rituals, and artistic patronage even to the ruling royal court during the early Joseon, despite the official state policy of suppressing Buddhism in favor of Neo-Confucianism.
The Fisher
Object type: print
Date: 1863 – 1863
Materials: paper
Techniques: drypoint, etching, roulette
Location: france
Artist: emmanuel phelippes-beaulieu
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1829 – 1874
Studie, mogelijk van een ruiter
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1884 – 1886
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: the hague
Artist: george hendrik breitner
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1923
Subjects: riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman

Pagina 11 uit een schetsboek met 29 bladen.
Berlin. Friedrich-Strasse
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1905 – 1930
Materials: cardboard, photographic process
Location: berlin
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: shop, store, street
Profeten van het Oude Testament
Object type: print
Date: 1589 – 1589
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: haarlem
Subjects: jeremiah (not in biblical context); possible attributes: book or scroll, 'the seething pot'
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240
Wereldtentoonstelling te Brussel 1910
Object type: history medal
Date: 1910 – 1910
Materials: bronze
Techniques: striking
Artist: godefroid devreese
Artist role: sculptor
Artist dates: 1861 – 1941

Bronzen penning, op de voorzijde een heraut met trompet te paard naar links, met omschrift, op de keerzijde monumentale trap waarop een vrouw met palmtak een arbeider met voorschoot lauwert die haar een vaas brengt, met afsnedetekst.
Lamp in the Form of a Mask
Object type: lamp
Date: 100 – 100
Materials: earthenware
Subjects: masks
Drawing for title page "Le Petit Journal"
Object type: drawing
Date: 1801 – 1900
Materials: graphite
Techniques: brush, drawing, wash
Artist: hubert clerget
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1818 – 1899
Subjects: buildings
Portret van Antoine Vitré
Object type: print
Date: 1640 – 1650
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: france
Subjects: publisher, antoine vitré, historical persons, publishing, publisher
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240, number: ‘73.-24.’
Portret van Etienne Jehannot de Bartillat
Object type: print
Date: 1666 – 1666
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france
Artist: robert nanteuil
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1623 – 1678
Subjects: etienne jehannot de bartillat
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Portret van Etienne Jehannot de Bartillat, in een ovale omlijsting met tekst. Onderaan zijn wapen.
Basketry Box for Square Calligraphy Paper (Shikishibako) with Paulownia
Object type: box
Date: 1601 – 1633
Materials: bamboo, gold
Techniques: hiramakie, lacquer
Culture: japanese
Subjects: leaves

The light, durable bodies of Japanese lacquered basketry works (rantai shikki) were sometimes further decorated with designs in sprinkled gold powder (maki-e), transforming everyday objects into opulent treasures. This box, designed to hold square calligraphy paper (shikishi), bears large gold paulownia crests, a popular design from the late sixteenth to the early seventeenth century associated with the powerful warlord Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598).
Mensch und Gorilla
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1878 – 1878
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: hagen
Subjects: (human) skeleton, monkeys, apes (+ skeleton of an animal)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘Vosmaer’, inscription: ‘Carl Huth/ Hagen 1878.’
Gezicht op Jeruzalem vanaf de Olijfberg
Object type: photograph
Date: 1857 – 1858
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: albumen print
Location: olijfberg
Artist: francis frith
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1822 – 1898
Subjects: city-view in general; 'veduta'
Eight of Hearts, Feeding the Swans, from Harlequin Cards, 2nd Series (N220) issued by Kinney Bros.
Object type: print
Date: 1889 – 1889
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: playing cards,boats

Playing cards issued as trade cards from the "Harlequin Cards, 2nd Series" (N220), issued in 1889 to promote Kinney Tobacco Company.
Abklatsch van de krijttekening op pagina 82
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1888 – 1888
Materials: lined paper
Techniques: printmaking
Artist: marius bauer
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1867 – 1932

Pagina 83 uit een schetsboek met 49 bladen.
Hoover, Right Field, Philadelphia, from the Old Judge series (N172) for Old Judge Cigarettes
Object type: baseball card, photograph
Date: 1887 – 1890
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: goodwin & company
Artist role: publisher
Artist dates: 1850 – 1950
Subjects: men,portraits,baseball,athletes

The "Old Judge" series of baseball cards (N172) was issued by Goodwin & Company from 1887 to 1890 to promote Old Judge Cigarettes.
Gezicht op de Slachtensee
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1894 – 1899
Materials: paper
Techniques: photoaquatint
Location: berlin
Artist: gustav heinke
Artist role: fotograaf
Subjects: lake
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘"Aufgenommen mit der Hinterlinse des Doppelanastigmaten Serie III No. 1."’

Prent op tweede ongenummerde pagina na pagina 128.
Portret van Peter von Halm
Object type: print
Date: 1895 – 1895
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, intaglio, roulette
Artist: karl stauffer
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1857 – 1891
Subjects: print maker, historical persons, portrait, self-portrait of graphic artist
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Border
Object type: border
Date: 1601 – 1700
Materials: linen
Techniques: embroidery
Subjects: human figures

Punto in aria—literally, "stitches in the air"—is one of the earliest styles of needle lace, which is itself developed from cutwork of primarily geometric design. When lacemakers transitioned to using a foundation of threads laid out according to a pattern drawn on parchment, they were able to incorporate more fluid lines and curves into their designs.
Incense Burner
Object type: incense burner
Date: 1736 – 1795
Materials: enamel
Techniques: enamel
Culture: chinese
Subjects: animals
Thresher
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: printmaking, engraving
Location: france
Artist: jacques adrien lavieille
Artist role: print maker
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1818 – 1862
Museum voor de kunstliefhebber
Object type: print
Date: 1838 – 1838
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: firearms: rifle, siege
Inscriptions: check stamp: Lugt 1397c, collector's mark: Lugt 2228a, check stamp: Lugt 5002
New Inventions of Modern Times [Nova Reperta], The Invention of the Wind Mill, plate 11
Object type: print
Date: 1600 – 1600
Techniques: engraving
Artist: jan collaert i
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1530 – 1581
Subjects: windmills,men,women,horses,carriages
Portret van Rudolf van Oostenrijk en Stefanie van België
Object type: photomechanical print
Date: 1875 – 1880
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodburytype
Location: liège
Subjects: brussels, historical persons - bb - woman, historical persons
Inscriptions: name: ‘J. HERMAN, INV.’, inscription: ‘Le 8 mars (...) 21 mai 1864.’, name: ‘EM. TASSET, SC.’, inscription: ‘IMAGERIE FRANKLIN, No 42. - 1880’

Deze prent maakt deel uit van een album.
Fotoalbum (leeg)
Object type: slip in album
Materials: cardboard, paper, textile, silk
Techniques: printing
Artist: Anonymous
Inscriptions: number: ‘17.793’

Fotoalbum met dertien pagina's bekleed met papier, textiel en zijde, met op recto een gedicht in Engels, Italiaans of Frans en op verso één of twee passe-partouts voor een fotokaart. Op de eerste pagina staat een Chinese tekst. In totaal is er in het album plaats voor acht foto's.
Lieutenant, Light Artillery, United States Army, 1812, from the Military Series (N224) issued by Kinney Tobacco Company to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes
Object type: print
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: color lithograph
Artist: kinney brothers tobacco company
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1869 – 2011
Subjects: military,men

Trade cards from the "MIlitary Series" (N224), issued in 1888 by Kinney Tobacco Company to promote Sweet Caporal Cigarettes.
Aanbidding van het Christuskind
Object type: print
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: antwerp
Subjects: christ-child (with attributes), angels in adoration, holy ghost represented as a dove (in flames)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228, number: ‘62’

Musicerende engelen aanbidden het Christuskind dat op een wolk staat met een liedboek in de hand. Boven het hoofd van het Kind de Heilige Geest in de gedaante van een duif. In de marge een zesregelig onderschrift, in twee kolommen, in het Latijn.
Vine Ornament with Parrots and Birds
Object type: print
Date: 1474 – 1474
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: germany
Artist: martin schongauer
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1430 – 1491
Inscriptions: Signed with monogram, recto, in plate, lower center: "M + S"
Book cover with overall pattern of rosettes
Object type: print
Date: 1801 – 1900
Techniques: relief print
Artist: Anonymous
Artist role: artist
Portret van een man, aangeduid als Veendra
Object type: carte de visite
Date: 1876 – 1876
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: java
Subjects: historical persons, neck-gear ~ clothing, clothing for the upper part of the body, family, relationship, descent, hairdress, java
Inscriptions: date: ‘1876?’, address: ‘Java’, inscription: ‘14/9 '96 E[...] No.[...] Veendra Ang[...]’, stamp: ‘Bo[...]andel Wed.[...] nd van Eck P[...]t, 128 [...]ag.’

Onderdeel van Familiealbum van H.W.F. Ligtenberg en L.M. Swart met 149 foto's en cartes-de-visite.
Vase with bird and flowers
Object type: vase
Date: 1644 – 1911
Materials: gemstone
Culture: chinese
Subjects: birds,flowers
Photographs from the Estate of Isabel Wachenheimer
Object type: photograph
Date: 1901 – 1906
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: barcelona
Artist: pau audouard
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1857 – 1918
Subjects: eugen wachenheimer

The German Eugen Wachenheimer had a brilliant career at the Deutsche Bank and served as a naval officer in the First World War. In 1922 he married Else Moos. The Anti-Jewish laws instituted by the Nazi regime forced them to flee to the Netherlands in 1937. The photograph at the lower right is the last one taken of Eugen. He stands with his back to the camera behind his daughter. Eugen and Else were gassed at Auschwitz-Birkenau in 1944.
Pair of Earrings
Object type: pair of earring
Date: 618 – 907
Materials: gold
Culture: chinese
Diverses Veues faictes par Israel Silvestre 1652
Object type: print
Date: 1652 – 1652
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: france
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions (+ city(-scape) with figures, staffage), lyon
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent maakt deel uit van een ongenummerde serie van 30 prenten.
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 490 – 480
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Exterior, part of forehead, left eye and eyebrow, neck, left shoulder and part of round shield of warrior to left
Diane changeant Actéon en cerf
Object type: print
Date: 1749 – 1816
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: paris
Subjects: hoofed animals: deer, actaeon changed into a stag: as punishment for seeing her bathe, diana changes actaeon, the hunter, into a stag (ovid, metamorphoses iii 193)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Met drieregelig onderschrift in het Frans.
Portret van toneelspeler Johannes Neyts als Tamin
Object type: print
Date: 1788 – 1836
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Artist: johannes jelgerhuis
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1770 – 1836
Subjects: historical persons, portrait of actor, actress, actor (on the stage), amsterdam
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Tamin, in de Toverfluit, / voorgesteld door / de Heer Neits.’

Onderwerpsrubriek binnen de Atlas Amsterdam: Verschillende andere schouwburgen.
Tuingezichten
Object type: book
Date: 1690 – 1710
Materials: paper, parchment
Location: amsterdam
Groepsportret van een familie met thee in het gras
Object type: photograph
Date: 1900 – 1930
Materials: paper
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: high tea - cc - out of doors, anonymous historical persons portrayed in a group, in a group-portrait
Portret van François Broussais
Object type: print
Date: 1837 – 1840
Materials: paper
Techniques: lithograph
Location: the hague
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: historical persons, physician, doctor
Mlle. Sanie, from the Actors and Actresses series (N45, Type 8) for Virginia Brights Cigarettes
Object type: photograph
Date: 1888 – 1888
Techniques: albumen silver print
Artist: allen & ginter
Artist role: publisher
Artist nationality: american
Subjects: portraits,women,actresses

Trade cards from the "Actors and Actresses" series (N45, Type 8), issued ca. 1888 by Allen & Ginter to promote Virginia Brights, Dixie, Our Little Beauties and Opera Puffs Cigarettes.
Head of an Iranian Nomad
Object type: wall decoration
Date: 201 – 500
Materials: plaster
Culture: gandhara
Subjects: gandhara,heads,men
Landschap met tekenaars
Object type: print
Date: 1651 – 1675
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Artist: allaert van everdingen
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1621 – 1675
Subjects: mountains (+ landscape with figures, staffage)

Berglandschap met op de voorgrond drie mannen, waarvan er één een schetsboek in handen heeft.
The Betrothal of the Virgin, from "The Life of the Virgin"
Object type: print
Date: 1504 – 1504
Techniques: woodcut
Artist: albrecht dürer
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: german
Artist dates: 1471 – 1528
Subjects: men,women,virgin mary,joseph,marriage of the virgin
Aangemeerde roeiboot aan een kade
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1914 – 1916
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: willem cornelis rip
Artist role: draughtsman, painter
Artist dates: 1856 – 1922
Subjects: rowing-boat, canoe, etc., pier, quay, wharf

Blad 11 recto uit een schetsboek met 41 bladen.
Ceramic Fragment
Object type: fragment
Date: 1001 – 1200
Materials: earthenware
Techniques: molding
Location: iran
Subjects: lions
Vierkant doosje van een Theseus-penning
Object type: box
Materials: cardboard, felt
Location: voorschoten
Subjects: amsterdam, the hague, willem drees

Volgens bijgevoegd gedrukt briefje wordt de 'bronzen Theseus' o.a. uitgereikt 'aan clienten bij jubilea of bij enige andere representatieve gebeurtenis'. Op voorzijde van briefje is met pen geschreven: 'Mij overhandigd 16/2/1962'. Zilveren exemplaren van deze penning werden aangeboden aan personen die het werk van de firma sterk hebben bevorderd of aan relaties bij jubilea van 100 jaar en meer. Fa. A.O. Beuth van Wickevoort Crommelin, gevestigd in Amsterdam, is een pensioenadviesbureau.
Terracotta fragment of a calyx-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water)
Object type: calyx krater fragment
Date: 470 – 460
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

At the top, a bit of the offset rim; part of a lyre and hand; on the lyre, an unidentified object
Panel
Object type: textile
Date: 1872 – 1872
Materials: cotton, gilt, metal, silk
Techniques: bookbinding, brocade, interlacing, jacquard, patterning, weave
Location: italy
Tray
Object type: tray
Materials: faience
Techniques: glazing
Subjects: houses,trees

Faience, or tin-glazed and enameled earthenware, first emerged in France during the sixteenth century, reaching widespread usage among elite patrons during the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, prior to the establishment of soft-paste porcelain factories. Although characterized as more provincial in style than porcelain, French faience was used at the court of Louis XIV as part of elaborate meals and displays, with large-scale vessels incorporated into the Baroque garden designs of Versailles. Earlier examples of French faience attest to the strong influence of maiolica artists from Italy. Later works demonstrate the ways in which cities such as Nevers, Rouen, Lyon, Moustiers, and Marseille developed innovative vessel shapes and decorative motifs prized among collectors throughout Europe. While faience can be created from a wide mixture of clays, it is foremost distinguished by the milky opaque white color achieved by the addition of tin oxide to the glaze. French faience is typically divided into two types. Grand feu (high fire) describes pieces that have been decorated with glaze and metallic oxides before being fired a single time at a high temperature of around 1650°F (900°C). Petit feu (low-fire) faience, developed in the second half of the eighteenth century, refers to a process whereby the clay body is fired before being glazed and decorated with metallic oxides and then fired again at a lower temperature; pieces can also go through a third firing. Grand feu pieces have a more limited color palette that consists of blue, yellow, brown-purple, and green. By contrast, the lower firing temperature of petit feu faience enabled both greater precision in painting techniques and variety in the range of colors.