deem-data/ArtiFact huggingface dataset:
Polyphemus Throwing Boulder at Acis, with Galatea (recto), and Pholyphemus Lifting Boulder (verso)
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Materials: chalk, paper
Techniques: brush, wash
Location: england
Artist: john william taverner
Artist nationality: english
Artist dates: 1703 – 1772
Portret van Christian Furchtegott Gellert als beeld op een sokkel omringd door nimfen
Object type: print
Date: 1803 – 1803
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: london
Subjects: historical persons, nymphs (in general); 'ninfe in commune' (ripa), writer, poet, author
Inscriptions: date
Spoorbrug over de Maas bij Rotterdam, gezien vanaf het Oude Hoofdplein
Object type: photograph
Date: 1877 – 1877
Materials: cardboard, paper
Techniques: photograph
Location: dordrecht
Artist: johann georg hameter
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1838 – 1885
Subjects: bridge in city across river, canal, etc., rotterdam
Inscriptions: date
Terracotta fragment of a kylix (drinking cup)
Object type: kylix fragment
Date: 475 – 451
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Interior, architrave and part of ionic column; to the left of the column capital, one letter of an inscription, S?; Exterior, part of double ground line
Houthakkers bij een omgehakte boom in een bos
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1848 – 1888
Materials: chalk, paper
Artist: anton mauve
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1838 – 1888
Subjects: woodcutting, woodcutter ~ forestry, trees (+ stem, trunk), forest, wood

Blad 18 recto uit een schetsboek met 41 bladen.
In der Schenke
Object type: photograph
Materials: photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Artist: eduard von grützner
Artist role: painter
Artist dates: 1846 – 1925
Subjects: inn, coffee-house, public house, etc., specific works of literature, falstaff

Deze foto maakt deel uit van een omslag met zeven foto's, een titelblad met foto en een tekstblad.
Tetrapod Jar
Object type: bowl
Date: 200 – 1
Materials: ceramic
Culture: maya
Location: el salvador

This bowl is part of a group of ceramic vessels called Usulután based on superficial resemblances in surface decoration. The technique employed here, termed "resist," results in a two-color patterning. The method of achieving the color separation differs within the Usulután group and, in some instances, is yet to be understood. Usulután vessels were made during the centuries before and after the turn of the first millennium—a period of innovation in ceramic form and decoration—in the southernmost part of the Maya highlands (southeastern Guatemala, western Honduras, and El Salvador). They were widely disbursed from there. Archaeologists have long thought that the distribution of Usulután vessels was tied to the migrations of peoples or perhaps to invasions. More recently, it has been proposed that these ceramics were much admired in their time and thus widely traded. The present example sits on four small feet, early evidence of what would later become a fascination with substantive, elaborated feet on bowls of all sorts.
Plate 45: Men with heraldic flags and horses from the House of Brabant and Burgundy marching in the funeral procession of Archduke Albert of Austria; from 'Pompa Funebris ... Alberti Pii'
Object type: print, fete, ornament architecture
Date: 1623 – 1623
Techniques: etching, hand coloring
Location: brussels
Artist: cornelis galle (i)
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: netherlandish
Artist dates: 1576 – 1650
Subjects: men,horses,flags

Plate from 'Pompa Funebris ... Alberti Pii', after Jacques Francquart, illustrating the funeral procession of Albert the Pious (1559–1621), Archduke of Austria, son of Emperor Maximilian II. 2 sheets pasted together at center. The first edition of this series contains 54 numbered plates and an engraved title page, published in 1623. The second and third editions contain 66 plates and were published in 1728 and 1729 respectively.
Jongetje met hoepel
Object type: print
Date: 1856 – 1856
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: utrecht
Artist: willem cornelis van dijk
Artist role: painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1826 – 1881
Subjects: (bowling a) hoop
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Ear Clip
Object type: ear clip one from a pair
Date: 1101 – 1200
Materials: bronze
Techniques: gilding
Culture: cambodian
Voorstraat Stavoren
Object type: ansichtkaart, prentbriefkaart
Date: 1905 – 1930
Materials: cardboard
Techniques: photograph
Location: stavoren
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat, canal, street
Portret van de kunstenaar Jan van der Straet (Johannes Stradanus)
Object type: print
Date: 1581 – 1583
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: haarlem
Artist: hendrick goltzius
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1558 – 1617
Subjects: bruges, draughtsman, jan van der straet, 'pictura', symbolic representations, allegories and emblems ~ painting; 'pittura' (ripa), neck-gear ~ clothing (with name) (+ men's clothes), portrait, self-portrait of artist, 'architectura', symbolic representations, allegories and emblems ~ architecture; 'architettura' (ripa), symbolic representations, allegories and emblems ~ drawing
Inscriptions: number: ‘23’, collector's mark: Lugt 240

Portret van Jan van der Straet (ook bekend onder zijn gelatiniseerde naam Johannes Stradanus), in ovaal met figurale omlijsting. In de omlijsting zijn de personificaties van de Schilderkunst, Tekenkunst en Architectuur met hun diverse attributen verwerkt.
Pendant
Object type: pendant
Date: 7000 – 330
Materials: gold
Dirham of Nasir al-Din Artuq Arslan (r. 1200-1239)
Object type: coin
Materials: copper
Location: turkey
Subjects: human figures,animals
Notes and jottings from animal life
Object type: book
Date: 1882 – 1882
Materials: cardboard, linen, paper
Techniques: printing, woodburytype
Location: london
Artist: frank buckland
Artist role: schrijver
Artist dates: 1826 – 1880
Inscriptions: name: ‘C. Swaddell [...] 22/6/82’, inscription: ‘Sir Warwick Morshead Bart’
Beroemde vrouwen
Object type: print
Date: 1832 – 1832
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: françoise-athénaïs (marquise de montespan), historical persons
Inscriptions: check stamp: Lugt 3987, collector's mark: Lugt 2228a
Weg langs rotsformaties, vermoedelijk op Corsica
Object type: photograph
Date: 1905 – 1910
Materials: paper, photographic support
Techniques: gelatin silver print
Location: corsica
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: rock-formations, public road, mountains

Onderdeel van Fotoalbum van een Franse amateurfotograaf met bezienswaardigheden in Frankrijk, Zwitserland en Italië.
Figuren op een overkapt treinperron
Object type: sketchbook leaf
Date: 1890 – 1946
Materials: paper, pencil
Artist: cornelis vreedenburgh
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1880 – 1946
Subjects: platform (railway, tramway)

Blad 42 recto uit een schetsboek met 53 bladen.
Letterontwerp 'Couperus'
Object type: drawing
Date: 1890 – 1930
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: fancy letters

Letterontwerp voor een boekband van één van de werken van Louis Couperus. De letter 'o' gaat op in de 'C' en de letter 'u' in de 'S'.
The Shulamite
Object type: print
Date: 1897 – 1897
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: lithograph, printing
Location: france
Artist: odilon redon
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1840 – 1916
Demi-Shaffron
Object type: armor
Date: 1570 – 1580
Materials: steel
Culture: italian
Location: italy
Buffet Crédence, Portes pleines
Object type: print
Date: 1878 – 1904
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, lithograph
Location: paris
Subjects: furniture for storage
Veue de l'entrée du Chasteau de Tanlai
Object type: print
Date: 1631 – 1661
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Subjects: city-view, and landscape with man-made constructions
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent maakt deel uit van een ongenummerde serie van negen prenten.
Saint Luke
Object type: drawing and watercolor
Date: 1627 – 1627
Materials: chalk, paper
Location: italy
Artist: after domenichino
Gezicht op fort Saint-André in de streek Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
Object type: photograph
Date: 1850 – 1900
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: villeneuve-lès-avignon
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: castle
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Frankrijk 10’, collector's mark: ‘RIJKS NORMAALSCHOOL voor T[EEKENONDERWIJZERS] AMSTERDAM’, annotation: ‘Avignon/ Chateau l'angré’, annotation: ‘[...]/ omstreken van Avignon/ Poort van het kasteel/ L'angré’
Vue de l'Entrée de la Vallée de Chamouni
Object type: print
Date: 1759 – 1812
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching, hand coloring
Location: geneva
Artist: françois guillaume lardy
Artist role: print maker
Artist dates: 1749 – 1812
Subjects: dale, valley, mountains
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2233
Portret van een man met snor en vlinderstrik
Object type: photograph
Date: 1874 – 1874
Materials: cardboard, photographic support
Techniques: albumen print
Location: batavia
Subjects: moustache, historical persons
Inscriptions: inscription: ‘Petz & Co.,/ PHOTOGRAFEN,/ BATAVIA.’, dedication: ‘Aan m[ij]ne geliefde/ Zuster Thérèse/ Batavia 21/11.74./ [F]rans.’
Brief aan Jan Veth
Object type: letter
Date: 1897 – 1897
Materials: ink, paper
Techniques: pen, writing
Location: the hague
Artist: cornelis hofstede de groot
Artist role: kunsthistoricus
Artist dates: 1863 – 1940
Subjects: dordrecht, painter, print maker, draughtsman, designer, jan veth, leiden, rembrandt van rijn, klaas groesbeek, money, berlin
Inscriptions: collector's mark: ‘RPK’
Terracotta neck-amphora (jar)
Object type: neck amphora
Date: 530 – 530
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Artist: painter of munich 1410
Artist role: artist
Subjects: spears,swords,men,women

Obverse, departure of a youth Reverse, two young men between warriors The main scene can be recognized as a departure because of the accoutrement of the youth—fully dressed, with sandals, sword, and two spears—as well as the action of filling his cup from an oinochoe. The elaborate garments, the attendants of different ages, and the second pair of spears held by the youth at right suggest a mythological episode.
La Mode, 19 mai 1832, Pl. 229 : Amazone de Casimir (...)
Object type: fashion print
Date: 1832 – 1832
Materials: paper
Techniques: hand coloring, engraving
Location: paris
Subjects: riding a horse, ass, or mule; rider, horseman (+ variant), veil (+ women's clothes), trousers, breeches (+ women's clothes), underclothes for the lower part of the body: bloomers (+ women's clothes), head-gear (+ women's clothes), fashion plates, shoes, sandals (+ women's clothes), gloves, mittens, etc. (+ women's clothes), dress, gown (+ women's clothes), neck-gear ~ clothing (+ women's clothes), whip
Inscriptions: address: ‘L'Administration est Rue du Helder 25.’, title: ‘La Mode.’, caption: ‘Amazone de Casimir de la façon de M'Uhlendorff’

Amazonekostuuum (rijkostuum) van 'casimir', volgens het model van M Uhlendorff. Jas met schapenboutmouwen. Rok met sleep, waaronder bloomers of spanbroek. Accessoires: hoge hoed met sluier, handschoenen, zweep, schoenen met vierkante neuzen en hakken. Prent uit het modetijdschrift La Mode (1829-1855).
Lantern Globe
Object type: vessel
Materials: enamel, porcelain
Techniques: overglaze, painting
Location: china
Button
Object type: button
Date: 1850 – 1850
Materials: glass
Culture: french
Emblemata Saecularia, 1611
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1611 – 1611
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: oppenheim
Subjects: abstract ideas and concepts (+ emblematical representation of concept), ways pretending to cure simpletons (folklore), forging (industrial process) (+ variant), obstinacy; 'ostinatione', 'pertinacia' (ripa)
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2398, collector's mark: Lugt 1606, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In een smederij worden menselijke hoofden gesmeed. Het zijn "harde koppen" die op een halsstarrige en trotse houding wijzen. De ondeugd van de halsstarrigheid kan alleen worden veranderd door de "spijtige herde bollen" om te smeden. Het zijn er zo veel en ze zijn zo alom tegenwoordig dat de smeden waarschijnlijk eeuwig met deze arbeid bezig zullen zijn. Het bijbehoren epigram meldt: Maer al deden wy t'ambacht reuwich met pyne / Noch sal men over al in Landen end'steden / Qua hoofden ghenoech vinden t'allen termyne. Embleem no. 4 uit Emblemata Saecularia, 1611
Portret van Adam Adami
Object type: print
Date: 1734 – 1734
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: hamburg
Subjects: hildesheim, adam adami
Inscriptions: date

Portret van Adam Adami in een rechthoekige omlijsting met randschrift. Midden onder een wapen met een slang in een boom en een mijter. In de ondermarge drie regels Latijnse tekst.
Trencher Salt
Object type: salt
Date: 1700 – 1720
Materials: silver
Techniques: gilding
Culture: american
Location: united states
Artist: john coney
Artist role: former attribution
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1655 – 1722
Photographs of Scottish scenery
Object type: book
Date: 1877 – 1877
Materials: cardboard, paper, photographic support, textile
Techniques: albumen print, printing
Artist: james valentine
Artist role: fotograaf
Artist dates: 1815 – 1880
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘OCT/ 1999’
Herfst: afbeelding van de jacht
Object type: drawing
Date: 1722 – 1784
Materials: paper, pencil
Techniques: pouncing
Artist: simon fokke
Artist role: draughtsman, print maker
Artist dates: 1712 – 1784
Subjects: autumn, fall, 'autumnus'; 'autunno' (ripa)
Inscriptions: annotation: ‘Herst’
Vaandel
Object type: banner
Date: 1762 – 1762
Materials: paint, silk
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: nijmegen
Terracotta fragment of a skyphos (deep drinking cup)
Object type: skyphos fragment
Date: 450 – 401
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic
Ring with Rounded Bezel, Floral Design
Object type: ring
Date: 701 – 1200
Materials: gold
Culture: indonesian, central java
Anping. Vieux fort
Object type: page
Date: 1891 – 1896
Materials: paper
Techniques: photograph
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: fortress, farm or solitary house in landscape
Jona wordt overboord gegooid in de mond van de walvis
Object type: print
Date: 1530 – 1533
Materials: paper
Techniques: woodcut
Subjects: the sailors reluctantly throw the prophet jonah into the sea

Prent afkomstig uit: Biblicae historiae. Frankfurt am Main: Egenloph, 1539.
Untitled (Group of Carpenters)
Object type: photograph
Date: 1855 – 1855
Techniques: daguerreotype, photography
Location: united states
Artist: Anonymous
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1800 – 1899
Subjects: lundberg collection, portraits: multiple subjects, portraits: male subject, portrait, people, men, male, gold rush, gold mining
Stilleven met dode haas
Object type: print
Date: 1857 – 1857
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: netherlands
Subjects: still life of miscellaneous objects
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228
Tetradrachm (Coin) Depicting the God Dionysos
Object type: coin
Date: 148 – 148
Materials: metal, silver
Culture: greek
Location: thasos
Subjects: heracles, gods (deities), mythological figures
Inscriptions: Reverse: ΗΡΑΚΛΕΟΥΣ ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΘΑΣΙΩΝ

The front of this coin depicts the god Dionysos wearing a crown of ivy leaves.

On the back the hero Herakles is depicted wearing his signature lion skin cloak and holding a club.
Romeinen doden de Joden, terwijl de Tempel brandt
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1706 – 1706
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: amsterdam
Subjects: (military) attack
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Illustratie voor: Schabaalje, Jean Philipsz. De vermeerderde lust-hof des gemoeds. Amsterdam: Jan Rieuwertsz. (II) en Barent Visscher, 1706, p. 499.
Fragment steekpasser uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: divider
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: copper
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Divider; fragment, leg, tapering, three-faceted, with fragm of bifid rings, ends broken off (shape id. NG 1980-27H2926).
Epicharis voor Trébace
Object type: book illustration
Date: 1639 – 1639
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Subjects: kneeling figure, king
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 240

Prent uit: Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin, Jean. L'Ariane. Parijs: Guillemot, Matthieu, 1639.
Vase (one of a pair)
Object type: vase
Date: 1701 – 1800
Materials: gilt bronze, marble
Artist: pierre gouthière
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: french
Artist dates: 1732 – 1814
Fragmenten riemgesp uit het wrak van de Oost-Indiëvaarder Hollandia
Object type: belt buckle
Date: 1700 – 1743
Materials: copper
Location: netherlands
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: verenigde oostindische compagnie, hollandia (schip), annet

Rectangular, fragm of rings, id. NG 1980-27H2852, belt buckle.
Inauguration of the Washington Cabinet of Medals
Object type: medal
Date: 1860 – 1860
Materials: bronze
Culture: american
Artist: anthony paquet
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1814 – 1882
Subjects: george washington,men,profiles
Hier hebt gy, kindren! een nieuw bericht, van 't leven / Van uwen ouden vriend, d'alom vermaarden Steven (bygenaamd Van der Klok)
Object type: print
Date: 1806 – 1830
Materials: paper
Techniques: letterpress printing
Location: netherlands
Subjects: death by accident (non-violent death), funerary ceremonial, tales and fairy tales
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2760

Blad met 24 voorstellingen over het leven van Steven van der Klok. Onder elke afbeelding een vierregelig vers. Genummerd rechtsboven: No. 284.
Dankbetuiging na een vijfentwintigjarig jubileum
Object type: acknowledgment
Date: 1938 – 1938
Materials: paper
Techniques: printing block
Artist: Anonymous
Subjects: sailing-ship, sailing-boat
Inscriptions: date

Een zeilschip met op de fok het getal '25'. Op de vlag op de achtersteven het monogram 'BF'. Daaronder: 'Wij zeilen vroolijk door! Hartelijk dank voor al het goede op 1 Juli 1938 [handtekening]'.
Cartouche met twee mannelijke torso's
Object type: ornament print
Date: 1632 – 1632
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving
Location: france

In de cartouche staat een berglandschap afgebeeld. Blad 10 uit serie van 13 bladen met cartouches in Franse kwabstijl.
Fragment with a Simulated Silk Textile Pattern
Object type: fragment
Date: 1450 – 1550
Materials: linen, wool
Culture: upper rhenish
Location: nuremberg/strasbourg
Allegorisch grafmonument voor de Leidse student S. van Schaak, 1794
Object type: print
Date: 1794 – 1796
Materials: paper
Techniques: etching
Location: northern netherlands
Artist: johannes christiaan janson
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1763 – 1823
Subjects: grave-building, monumental tomb, leiden
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 2228

Allegorisch grafmonument voor de Leidse student in de medicijnen Samuel van Schaak, die op 2 maart in een gevecht met majoor De Graaf van de schutterij gewond raakte en op 11 maart 1794 aan de gevolgen van zijn verwonding overleed. Twee putti en Minerva bij een grafmonument in bosrijke omgeving.
Handkerchief
Object type: handkerchief
Date: 1880 – 1880
Materials: linen
Culture: french
Landscape with a View of Haarlem, Seen from the West
Object type: drawing
Date: 1665 – 1675
Materials: chalk, graphite, ink, paper
Techniques: brush
Location: haarlem
Artist: jacob isaacksz van ruisdael
Artist role: draughtsman, painter, print maker
Artist dates: 1628 – 1682
Subjects: dunes (sea not visible); in the dunes, prospect of city, town panorama, silhouette of city, haarlem
Album of designs for embroidery: bodices, gauntlets, caps, bags, page 23 (recto)
Object type: album print ornament architecture
Date: 1615 – 1635
Materials: ink
Techniques: pen, wash
Artist: anonymous, dutch, 17th century
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: dutch
Artist dates: 1600 – 1700
Subjects: birds,deer,flowers,leaves
Terracotta fragment of a calyx-krater (bowl for mixing wine and water)
Object type: calyx krater fragment
Date: 470 – 460
Materials: terracotta
Culture: greek, attic

Start of handle root; on the cul, meander pattern
Wapenkaart van Friesland
Object type: map
Date: 1702 – 1711
Materials: paper
Techniques: engraving, etching
Location: leeuwarden
Subjects: johan willem friso (prins van oranje-nassau), coat of arms (as symbol of the state, etc.), maps of separate countries or regions, harlingen
Inscriptions: collector's mark: Lugt 195, collector's mark: Lugt 2228

In het midden het wapen van Johan Willem Friso, prins van Oranje-Nassau, daarboven het wapen van Friesland. Daaromheen de wapens van Friese steden. Links de wapens van het kwartier Oostergo en bijhorende grietenijen. Onderaan de wapens van het kwartier Zevenwouden en bijhorende grietenijen. Rechts de wapens van Westergo en bijhorende grietenijen.
The Holy Family with Saints Anne and Joachim
Object type: relief
Date: 1567 – 1568
Materials: gilt, wood
Techniques: painting
Artist: diego de pesquera
Artist role: artist
Artist nationality: spanish
Artist dates: 1535 – 1582
Subjects: christ,holy family,saint anne,virgin mary

This panel came from a retable made for the parish church of Los Ojíjares, near Granada, which was dedicated to Saint Anne, the mother of the Virgin. Saint Anne and her husband, Joaquim, prominently featured in the relief, were honored in Catholic devotion as emblems of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin, a cult that was especially popular in Spain. The panel remained in place from its creation in the mid-sixteenth century until it was sold in 1881. A record of its commission in 1567 establishes that Diego de Pesquera carved the relief; the painting and gilding were entrusted to other specialists. The surface is amazingly intact, and the relief is a model display of the Spanish estofado technique, in which gilding and polychromy interact in vibrant patterns. Brocaded fabrics are imitated with particular skill. The sculptor clearly was aware of developments in Italian Renaissance art. There is an attractive naturalism in the broad forms of the healthy wriggling infant. Equally striking is the elegantly mannered attenuation of the Virgin and Saint Anne.
United States Ten-dollar Gold Piece
Object type: coin
Materials: gold
Culture: american
Artist: augustus saint-gaudens
Artist role: maker
Artist nationality: american
Artist dates: 1848 – 1907
Subjects: profiles,coins

Having proclaimed the coinage produced by the United States Mint uninspired and commonplace, President Theodore Roosevelt invited Saint-Gaudens to redesign the ten- and twenty-dollar gold coins and the one-cent piece. Some ten months later, in November 1905, Saint-Gaudens submitted his preliminary sketches, becoming the first artist unaffiliated with the Mint to design a regular coinage issue. Roosevelt later declared the resulting coins (his "pet crime") were more beautiful than any since the days of the ancient Greeks. For the obverse of the ten-dollar coin, Saint-Gaudens used the head of Liberty, derived from Saint-Gaudens’s "Victory" from the "Sherman Monument" (17.90.1), with a feather headdress. The reverse has a standing eagle similar to the one used on the "Theodore Roosevelt Special Inaugural Medal" (2008.112). For these designs, Saint-Gaudens completed numerous sketches and guided his studio assistant Henry Hering, who carried out the finished models. Saint-Gaudens died in August 1907, before the coins were minted. Roosevelt ordered that the gold coins be put into circulation before 1908. The ten-dollar coins were completed first, with the twenty-dollar coins minted by mid-December. The superlative early versions are notable for the wire rims and high degree of relief that prevented them from being stacked and the multiple number of strikes it took to achieve the final result. The Metropolitan’s examples (see 1979.486.8) are business strikes after designs modified by Charles E. Barber, chief engraver of the U.S. Mint to adapt them for commercial use (the flattened relief allowing for their creation with just one blow of the press). They contain the motto "In God We Trust," which was eliminated from the earliest versions, but ordered to appear on all coins struck after July 1, 1908. The one-cent piece, which Saint-Gaudens prepared models for, was never minted.