Exploit-DB #39379
Description: Apple Mac OSX / iOS - Double-Delete IOHIDEventQueue::start Code Execution
Type: dos
Platform: multiple
Date: 2016-01-28
Author: Google Security Research

Exploit:
Source: https://code.google.com/p/google-security-research/issues/detail?id=542

The IOHIDLibUserClient allows us to create and manage IOHIDEventQueues corresponding to available HID devices.

Here is the ::start method, which can be reached via the IOHIDLibUserClient::_startQueue external method:

************ SNIP **************

void IOHIDEventQueue::start() 
{
    if ( _lock )
        IOLockLock(_lock);

    if ( _state & kHIDQueueStarted )
        goto START_END;

    if ( _currentEntrySize != _maxEntrySize )   <--- (a)
    {
        mach_port_t port = notifyMsg ? ((mach_msg_header_t *)notifyMsg)->msgh_remote_port : MACH_PORT_NULL;
        
        // Free the existing queue data
        if (dataQueue) {                   <-- (b)
            IOFreeAligned(dataQueue, round_page_32(getQueueSize() + DATA_QUEUE_MEMORY_HEADER_SIZE));
        }
        
        if (_descriptor) {
            _descriptor->release();
            _descriptor = 0;
        }
        
        // init the queue again.  This will allocate the appropriate data.
        if ( !initWithEntries(_numEntries, _maxEntrySize) ) {      (c) <----
            goto START_END;
        }
        
        _currentEntrySize = _maxEntrySize;
        
        // RY: since we are initing the queue, we should reset the port as well
        if ( port ) 
            setNotificationPort(port);
    }
    else if ( dataQueue )
    {
        dataQueue->head = 0;
        dataQueue->tail = 0;
    }

    _state |= kHIDQueueStarted;

START_END:
    if ( _lock )
        IOLockUnlock(_lock);

}

************ SNIP **************


If _currentEntrySize is not equal to _maxEntrySize then the start method will attempt to reallocate a better-sized queue;
if dataQueue (a member of IODataQueue) is non-zero its free'd then initWithEntries is called with the new _maxEntrySize.

Note that the error path on failure here jumps straight to the end of the function, so it's up to initWithEntries to
clear dataQueue if it fails:


************ SNIP **************

Boolean IOHIDEventQueue::initWithEntries(UInt32 numEntries, UInt32 entrySize)
{
    UInt32 size = numEntries*entrySize;
    
    if ( size < MIN_HID_QUEUE_CAPACITY )
        size = MIN_HID_QUEUE_CAPACITY;
        
    return super::initWithCapacity(size);
}

************ SNIP **************


There's a possible overflow here; but there will be *many* possible overflows coming up and we need to overflow at the right one...

This calls through to IOSharedDataQueue::initWithCapacity


************ SNIP **************

Boolean IOSharedDataQueue::initWithCapacity(UInt32 size)
{
    IODataQueueAppendix *   appendix;
    vm_size_t               allocSize;

    if (!super::init()) {
        return false;
    }


    _reserved = (ExpansionData *)IOMalloc(sizeof(struct ExpansionData));
    if (!_reserved) {
        return false;
    }

    if (size > UINT32_MAX - DATA_QUEUE_MEMORY_HEADER_SIZE - DATA_QUEUE_MEMORY_APPENDIX_SIZE) {
        return false;
    }
    
    allocSize = round_page(size + DATA_QUEUE_MEMORY_HEADER_SIZE + DATA_QUEUE_MEMORY_APPENDIX_SIZE);

    if (allocSize < size) {
        return false;
    }

    dataQueue = (IODataQueueMemory *)IOMallocAligned(allocSize, PAGE_SIZE);

************ SNIP **************


We need this function to fail on any of the first four conditions; if we reach the IOMallocAligned call
then dataQueue will either be set to a valid allocation (which is uninteresting) or set to NULL (also uninteresting.)

We probably can't fail the ::init() call nor the small IOMalloc. There are then two integer overflow checks;
the first will only fail if size (a UInt32 is greater than 0xfffffff4), and the second will be impossible to trigger on 64-bit since
round_pages will be checking for 64-bit overflow, and we want a cross-platform exploit!

Therefore, we have to reach the call to initWithCapacity with a size >= 0xfffffff4 (ie 12 possible values?)

Where do _maxEntrySize and _currentEntrySize come from?

When the queue is created they are both set to 0x20, and we can partially control _maxEntrySize by adding an new HIDElement to the queue.

_numEntries is a completely controlled dword.

So in order to reach the exploitable conditions we need to:

1) create a queue, specifying a value for _numEntries. This will allocate a queue (via initWithCapacity) of _numEntries*0x20; this allocation must succeed.

2) add an element to that queue with a *larger* size, such that _maxEntrySize is increased to NEW_MAX_SIZE.

3) stop the queue.

4) start the queue; at which point we will call IOHIDEventQueue::start. since _maxEntrySize is now larger this
will free dataQueue then call initWithEntries(_num_entries, NEW_MAX_SIZE). This has to fail in exactly the manner
described above such that dataQueue is a dangling pointer.

5) start the queue again, since _maxEntrySize is still != _currentEntrySize, this will call free dataQueue again!


The really tricky part here is coming up with the values for _numEntries and NEW_MAX_SIZE; the constraints are:

_numEntries is a dword
(_numEntries*0x20)%2^32 must be an allocatable size (ideally <0x10000000)
(_numEntries*NEW_MAX_SIZE)%2^32 must be >= 0xfffffff4

presumable NEW_MAX_SIZE is also reasonably limited by the HID descriptor parsing code, but I didn't look.

This really doesn't give you much leaway, but it is quite satisfiable :)

In this case I've chosen to create a "fake" hid device so that I can completely control NEW_MAX_SIZE, thus the PoC requires
root (as did the TAIG jailbreak which also messed with report descriptors.) However, this isn't actually a requirement to hit the bug; you'd just need to look through every single HID report descriptor on your system to find one with a suitable report size.

In this case, _numEntries of 0x3851eb85 leads to an initial queue size of (0x3851eb85*0x20)%2^32