GitHub Security Advisory: GHSA-gwhp-pf74-vj37
Package: @fastify/http-proxy (NPM)
Severity: CRITICAL (CVSS 0.0)
CWE: CWE-644: Improper Neutralization of HTTP Headers for Scripting Syntax
Vulnerable versions: <= 11.4.3
Patched in: 11.4.4

Summary: Fastify's connection header abuse enables stripping of proxy-added headers

Details:
### Summary

`@fastify/reply-from` and `@fastify/http-proxy` process the client's `Connection` header after the proxy has added its own headers via `rewriteRequestHeaders`. This allows attackers to retroactively strip proxy-added headers (like access control or identification headers) from upstream requests by listing them in the `Connection` header value. This affects applications using these plugins with custom header injection for routing, access control, or security purposes.

### Details

The vulnerability exists in `@fastify/reply-from/lib/request.js` at lines 128-136 (HTTP/1.1 handler) and lines 191-200 (undici handler). The processing flow is:

1. Client headers are copied including the `connection` header (`@fastify/reply-from/index.js` line 91)
2. The proxy adds custom headers via `rewriteRequestHeaders` (line 151)
3. During request construction, the transport handlers read the client's `Connection` header and strip any headers listed in it
4. This stripping happens after `rewriteRequestHeaders`, allowing clients to target proxy-added headers for removal

RFC 7230 Section 6.1 Connection header processing is intended for proxies to strip hop-by-hop headers from incoming requests before adding their own headers. The current implementation reverses this order, processing the client's Connection header after the proxy has already modified the header set.

The call chain:
1. `@fastify/reply-from/index.js` line 91: `headers = { ...req.headers }` — copies ALL client headers including `connection`
2. `index.js` line 151: `requestHeaders = rewriteRequestHeaders(this.request, headers)` — proxy adds custom headers (e.g., `x-forwarded-by`)
3. `index.js` line 180: `requestImpl({...headers: requestHeaders...})` — passes headers to transport
4. `request.js` line 191 (undici): `getConnectionHeaders(req.headers)` — reads Connection header FROM THE CLIENT
5. `request.js` lines 198-200: Strips headers listed in Connection — including proxy-added headers

This is distinct from the general hop-by-hop forwarding concern — it's specifically about the client controlling which headers get stripped from the upstream request via the Connection header, subverting the proxy's `rewriteRequestHeaders` function.

### PoC

Self-contained reproduction with an upstream echo service and a proxy that adds a custom header:

```javascript
const fastify = require('fastify');

async function test() {
  // Upstream service that echoes headers
  const upstream = fastify({ logger: false });
  upstream.get('/api/echo-headers', async (request) => {
    return { headers: request.headers };
  });
  await upstream.listen({ port: 19801 });

  // Proxy that adds a custom header via rewriteRequestHeaders
  const proxy = fastify({ logger: false });
  await proxy.register(require('@fastify/reply-from'), {
    base: 'http://localhost:19801'
  });

  proxy.get('/proxy/*', async (request, reply) => {
    const target = '/' + (request.params['*'] || '');
    return reply.from(target, {
      r