MEXICO – MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN LIVE SWINE
Document: Request for Consultations by the United States
Date: 13 July 2000
Document codes: WT/DS203/1; G/L/389; G/ADP/D25/1; G/SPS/GEN/196; G/AG/GEN/43; G/TBT/D/20
Complainant: U.S.
Respondent: Mexico
Dispute stage: Consultation
Agreements cited: Art. 4.2  AgricultureArt. 3, 12  Anti-dumpingArt. III:4, XI:1  GATT 1994Art. 2.2, 2.3, 3, 5.1, 5.6, 7, 8  Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS)Art. 2, 5  Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)

MEXICO – MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN LIVE SWINE
Request for Consultations by the United States
The following communication, dated 10 July 2000, from the Permanent Mission of the
United States to the Permanent Mission of Mexico and to the Chairman of the Dispute Settlement
Body, is circulated in accordance with Article 4.4 of the DSU.
My authorities have instructed me to reques t consultations with the Government of Mexico
pursuant to Article 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of
Disputes and Article 17.3 of the Agreement on Im plementation of Article VI of the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (Anti-Dumping Agreement) regarding Mexico's
20 October 1999 definitive anti-dumping measure on live swine for slaughter, merchandise classified
under tariff classification 0103.92.99 of the General Import Law, exported from the United States of
America, independently from the country or origin (Resolución final de la investigación antidumping
Unidos de América, independientemente del país de procedencia), and actions by Mexico in the
conduct of the anti-dumping investigation resulting in this measure.
In addition, my authorities have instructed me to request consultations with the Government
of Mexico pursuant to Article XXIII of the Ge neral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT
1994), Article 11 of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures,
Article 19 of the Agreement on Agriculture and Article 14 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to
Trade, to the extent these articles incorporate Article XXIII of the GATT 1994, with respect to
various measures affecting trade in live swine, merchandise classified under tariff classification 0103
of the General Import Law, exported from the United States of America.
The United States considers that Mexico made a determination of threat of material injury in
contravention of Articles 3 and 12 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, including: by failing to evaluate
all relevant economic factors and indices having a bearing on the state of the industry; by failing to
perform an objective examination of the consequent impact of imports found to be dumped on
domestic producers of the like product; by failing to determine that there was a clearly foreseen and
imminent change in circumstances that would create a situation in which dumping of imports of live
swine of a weight more than or equal to 50 kilograms and less than 110 kilograms would cause injury;
and by failing to determine that material injury would occur unless protective action were taken.

WT/DS203/1, G/L/389,
G/ADP/D25/1, G/SPS/GEN/196,
G/AG/GEN/43, G/TBT/D/20

The United States also considers that Mexico failed to comply with the requirements of
Article 6 of the Anti-Dumping Agreement, including: by failing to provide respondent US exporters
with timely opportunities to see and prepare presentations on the basis of all information used by the
investigating authority that is relevant to the an ti-dumping investigation; and by failing to inform
respondent US exporters, before the final determination was made, of the essential facts under
consideration which form the basis of Mexico's decision to apply definitive measures.
Mexico also appears to be restricting or prohibiting the entry of US live swine through three
sets of measures, other than anti-dumping duties, in a manner inconsistent with its obligations under
other WTO Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods. First, the Government of Mexico appears to
have prohibited the importation of certain swine if they exceed 110 kilograms in weight. Second,
notwithstanding the apparent ban on importation, Mexico also appears to be maintaining sanitary
restrictions, including inspection and quarantine measures, on the importation of swine weighing
110 kilograms or more, which are applied to neither smaller imported swine nor domestic Mexican
swine. The United States considers such application of more restrictive sanitary measures against
larger imported swine to constitute arbitrary or unjustified discrimination and that these measures are
maintained without sufficient scientific evidence and are not based on a risk assessment.
Third, the Unites States further understands that Mexico may have adopted technical
regulations, not constituting sanitary measures, that are applicable to imported swine but not to
domestic swine.
Accordingly, in addition to the provisions of the Anti-Dumping Agreement previously noted,
the United States considers that Mexico's measures appear to be inconsistent with the obligations of
Mexico under the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, the
Agreement on Agriculture, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade and the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade 1994. The provisions of these agreements with which these measures appear to
be inconsistent include the following:
(1) Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, Articles 2.2, 2.3, 3,
5.1, 5.6, 7 and 8;
(2) Agreement on Agriculture, Article 4.2;
(3) Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, Articles 2 and 5;
(4) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994, Articles III:4 and XI:1.
Mexico's measures also appear to nullify or impair the benefits accruing to the United States
directly or indirectly under the cited agreements.
We look forward to receiving your reply to the present request and to fixing a mutually
convenient date for consultations.