EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES – MEASURES PROHIBITING THE IMPORTATION AND MARKETING OF SEAL PRODUCTS
Document: Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Norway
Date: 15 March 2011
Document codes: WT/DS401/5
Complainant: Norway
Respondent: EU
Third parties: Argentina, Canada, China, Colombia, Ecuador, Iceland, Japan, Mexico, Namibia, Russia, U.S.
Dispute stage: Appellate Body
Agreements cited: Art. I:1, III:4, XI:1  GATT 1994Art. 2.1, 2.2, 5, 9.2, 9.3, 6, 7.1, 7.4, 7.5  Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)Art. 4.2  Agriculture

EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES – MEASURES PROHIBITING THE IMPORTATION
AND MARKETING OF SEAL PRODUCTS

Request for the Establishment of a Panel by Norway

 The following communication, dated 14 March 2011, from the delegation of Norway to the
Chairperson of the Dispute Settlement Body, is circulated pursuant to Article 6.2 of the DSU.

 On 5 November 2009, Norway requested cons ultations with the European Union ("EU")
1
concerning certain measures affecting trade in seal products, comprising the "EU seal regime". 2 On
15 December 2009, Norway and the EU held consultations on the EU seal regime.
 On 10 August 2010, the EU adopted implementing rules as part of the EU seal regime.
Following this, on 19 October 2010, Norway pr esented a further request for consultations. 3 O n
1 December 2010, Norway and the EU held further consultations on the EU seal regime.
 Unfortunately, the two rounds of consulta tions have failed to settle the dispute.
 Norway therefore requests the Dispute Settlement Body to establish a panel to examine this
matter with standard terms of referenc e, as set out in Article 7.1 of the Understanding on Rules and
Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes ("DSU"), pursuant to Articles 4.7 and 6 of the DSU,
Article XXIII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994"), Article 19 of the
Agreement on Agriculture and Article 14 of the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (" TBT
Agreement").
The measures at issue, which Norway collectively refers to as the "EU seal regime", are the following:
− Regulation (EC) No. 1007/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council on
trade in seal products, adopted on 16 September 2009 (the "Basic Regulation");4

− Commission Regulation (EU) No. 737/2010, laying down detailed rules for the
implementation of the Basic Regulati on, adopted on 10 August 2010 (the
"Implementing Regulation");5

1 Following the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon on 1 December 2009, the European Union has
succeeded the European Communities ("EC"), including as a Me mber of the WTO. In this request, for the sake
of simplicity, Norway uses the phrase "European Union" or "EU" to refer both to the European Communities
and the European Union, before and after, respectively, the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon.
2 Document WT/DS401/1, G/L/912, G/TBT/D/37, G/AG/GEN/88.
3 Document WT/DS401/1/Add.1, G/L/912/Add.1, G/TBT/D/37/Add.1, G/AG/GEN/88/Add.1.
4 Official Journal of the European Union, L 286/36, published 31.10.2009.
5 Official Journal of the European Union, L 216/1, published 17.08.2010.

− Omissions to adopt adequate proce dures for establishing that seal products
conforming to the relevant c onditions, set forth in exceptions in the EU seal regime,
may be placed on the EU market; and

− Any other related measures adopted by the EU or its member States that provide
guidance on, amend, supplement, replace, and/or implement the rules set forth in the
Basic Regulation and Implementing Regulation, whether adopted pursuant to these
regulations or otherwise.
 The EU seal regime imposes a general prohibition on the importation and sale of processed
and unprocessed seal products in the EU, thereby de priving Norway of access to a significant market
for its exports of these products. The EU seal regi me contains certain exceptions that set forth
conditions under which seal products may be placed on the EU mark et. However, these exceptions
appear to discriminate in favour of seal products originating in the EU and in certain third countries.

 The EU seal regime also includes elements of a system for certifying that seal products are in
conformity with the relevant conditions for being placed on the EU market under the exceptions.
However, the EU does not appear to have established adequate procedures for the assessment of
conformity of imported seal products with the relevant conditions for being placed on the EU market.

 As a result, the EU seal regime appears to be inconsistent with the EU’s obligations under the
Agreement on Agriculture, the TBT Agreement and the GATT 1994. In particular:
(i) Through the general prohibition and the ex ceptions set out therein, the EU seal
regime appears to discriminate among like pr oducts originating in different countries,
in violation of Article I:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 2.1 of the TBT Agreement;
(ii) Through the general prohibition and the ex ceptions set out therein, the EU seal
regime appears to discriminate betw een imported products and like products
originating in the EU, in violation of Ar ticle III:4 of the GATT 1994 and Article 2.1
of the TBT Agreement;
(iii) By restricting the importation of seal products, the EU seal regime appears to violate
Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994 and Article 4.2 of the Agreement on Agriculture;
(iv) By restricting the importation of seal products without that being necessary to achieve
a legitimate objective, and by failing to adopt adequate administrative provisions, the
EU seal regime appears to create unnecessary obstacles to international trade and,
thus, violate Article 2.2 of the TBT Agreement ;
(v) By failing to prepare, adopt and apply c onformity assessment procedures in a way
that grants non-discriminatory access to suppliers from WTO Members, and that does
not create unnecessary obstacles to international trade, the EU appears to violate both
subparagraphs of Article 5.1 of the TBT Agreement;
(vi) By failing to ensure compliance with the procedural guarantees set forth in Article 5.2
of the TBT Agreement, the EU appears to violate that provision, including all of its
subparagraphs;
(vii) By failing to base conformity assessment procedures on relevant guides or
recommendations completed, or imminently to be completed, by international
standardizing bodies, the EU appears to be violating Article 5.4 of the TBT
Agreement;

(viii) By failing to follow the procedural steps set out in the subparagraphs of Article 5.6 of
the TBT Agreement, and in particular by failing properly to notify the procedures for
assessment of conformity with the requirements of the EU seal regime, the EU has
acted inconsistently with this provision;
(ix) By failing to publish prom ptly all conformity assessment procedures to enable
interested parties to become acquainted with them, the EU appears to violate Article
5.8 of the TBT Agreement;
(x) By imposing unduly burdensome requirements for the recognition of conformity
assessment bodies, irrespective of whether these offer an equivalent assurance of
conformity, and by failing to ensure that its conformity assessment procedures permit
acceptance of the results of conformity assessment procedures carried out in other
Members, the EU appears to violate Articles 6.1 and 6.2 of the TBT Agreement;
(xi) By failing to ensure that local government conformity assessment bodies within the
EU comply with the requirements laid out in Articles 5 and 6 of the TBT Agreement,
by encouraging these bodies not to comply with such requirements, and by failing to
implement positive measures to ensure comp liance with such requirements, the EU
appears to violate Articles 7.1, 7.4 and 7.5 of the TBT Agreement;
(xii) By failing to take reasonable measures to ensure that non-governmental conformity
assessment bodies within the EU comply with the requirements laid out in Articles 5
and 6 of the TBT Agreement, by encouraging these bodies not to comply with such
requirements, and by relying nonetheless on the results of conformity assessment
procedures operated by these bodies, the EU appears to violate Articles 8.1 and 8.2 of
the TBT Agreement;
(xiii) By failing to take reasonable measures to en sure that regional systems for conformity
assessment comply with the requirements laid out in Articles 5 and 6 of the TBT
Agreement, by encouraging these systems not to comply with such requirements, and
by relying nonetheless on these systems, the EU appears to violate Articles 9.2 and
9.3 of the TBT Agreement.
 These violations appear to nullify or impair bene fits accruing to Norway directly or indirectly
under the covered agreements within the meaning of Article XXIII:1(a) of the GATT 1994.

 Moreover, the EU seal regime appears to nullif y or impair benefits accruing to Norway under
the covered agreements, within the meaning of Ar ticle XXIII:1(b) of the GATT 1994, in particular,
benefits accruing to Norway pursuant to tariff co ncessions granted with respect to the various seal
products that can no longer be imported into the EU.

 Norway requests that this matter be put on the agenda of the next DSB meeting, scheduled to
be held on 25 March 2011.