UNITED STATES - MEASURES AFFECTING IMPORTS OF WOMEN'S AND GIRLS' WOOL COATS
Document: Original: English UNITED STATES - MEASURES AFFECTING IMPORTS OF WOMEN'S AND GIRLS' WOOL COATS Request for the Establishment of a Panel Communication from India
Date: 15 March 1996
Complainant: India
Respondent: U.S.
Third parties: Canada, Costa Rica, EU, Norway, Pakistan, Turkey
Dispute stage: Panel
Agreements cited: Art. 2, 6, 8  Textiles and Clothing

WORLD TRADE W/DS32/1

UNITED STATES - MEASURES AFFECTING IMPORTS OF
WOMEN'S AND GIRLS' WOOL COATS
Request for the Establishment of a Panel
Communication from India
The following communication, dated 14 March 1996, from the Permanent Mission of India
to the Permanent Mission of the United States and to the Dispute Settlement Body, is circulated in
accordance with Article 1.2 of the DSU and Article 8.10 of the ATC.
International Trade in Textiles (MFA).
2. Delegations of the two countries met in Geneva on 18-19 April 1995 to discuss certain textile
issues of mutual interest including the request for consultations on Category 435 issued on
30 December 1994. Even as the Indian Delegation was explaining to the United States Delegation
at Geneva on 18 April 1995 the legal unsustainability of pursuing a request for consultations issued
under the old Bilateral Textile Agreement, which had ceased to operate by 31 December 1994, and
the anomalies and inconsistencies with reference to the provisions of the Agreement on Textiles and
Clothing (ATC) that could arise if the calls issued under the old bilateral textile agreement were pursued
and acted upon after the coming into force of the new multilateral agreement on textiles, namely, the
ATC, a fresh request for consultations was made by the Government of the United States through the
Embassy of India in Washington D.C. in respect of the same category (Category 435) under Article 6
of the ATC, and copies of the statement of "serious damage" annexed to the request for consultations
were handed over to the Indian Delegation on the same day in Geneva. On 19 April 1995, the United
States Delegation provided certain clarifications to the Indian Delegation on these new statements of
serious damage.
3. On the basis of the fresh request for consultations issued by the Government of the United
States under Article 6 of the ATC in respect of Category 435 on 18 April 1995, bilateral consultations
were held in Washington D.C. on 14-16 June 1995. During these consultations the Indian Delegation
pointed out that while the note verbale of the United States Government conveying their request for
consultations referred to "serious damage or actual threat thereof" to United States industry without
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indicating clearly whether the United States had determined the situation to be one of "serious damage"
or "actual threat", the statement accompanying the note verbale consistently referred to "serious damage".
During these bilateral consultations, the Indian Delegation, on the basis of data furnished along with
the request for consultations, and other figures published by United States Government agencies having
a relevance for the request for consultations, pointed out that there was no justification for any action
under Article 6 of the ATC in respect of Category 435. However, the United States Delegation refused
toaccept thispositionand subsequently(i.e. on14July1995)establisheda unilateralrestraintonimports
in Category 435 from India with retrospective effect, i.e. with effect from 18 April 1995.
4. As required under paragraph 10 of Article 6 of the ATC, the Textiles Monitoring Body (TMB)
examined the matter at its Third and Fourth meetings on 28 August - 1 September 1995 and 12-
15 September 1995. The Indian Delegation made a detailed presentation to the TMB on all the relevant
parameters referred to in Article 6 of the ATC, and also provided answers to the questions put by the
TMB members. During the presentation, India had pointed out, by analysing the data provided by
the United States and by using the data published by United States authorities, that the United States
had not discharged its burden of proving serious damage or actual threat of serious damage to its
producers.
5. The TMB subsequently issued a report of the Third and Fourth meetings which, inter alia,
covered itsexaminationunderArticle6.10 of the UnitedStates actioninrespect of Category 435imports
from India (Document No. G/TMB/R/3 dated 3 October 1995). Paragraph 19 of this report reads
as follows:
"During its review under paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 6, of the safeguard action taken by
the United States against imports of Category 435 from India, the TMB found that serious
damage, as envisaged in these provisions, had not been demonstrated. The TMB could not,
however, reach consensus on the existence of actual threat of serious damage. When reviewing
the implications of the discussions in the TMB and the Body's finding in this matter, the parties
should keep in mind the fact that the Agreement is silent as to whether the import restraint
can continue to be maintained".
6. The Government of India had hoped that the finding arrived at by the TMB in its Third and
Fourthmeetings would result in withdrawal of the restraint by the United States. As this did not happen,
on 17 October 1995, the Government of India sent a communication (Document No. G/TMB/SPEC/119)
to the TMB under Article 8.6 of the ATC, without prejudice to its rights under the WTO Agreement,
drawing the attention of the TMB to the continuation of the restraint on Category 435 imports from
India into the United States. In this communication, India pointed out that Article 6 of the ATC in
its general thrust envisaged that transitional safeguard measures could continue to exist and be treated
as justified only with the endorsement of the TMB. The absence of a consensus was indicative that
the action under examination had not been determined to be justified and thus, lacking in justification,
was not valid under the provisions and conditions set forth in Article 6 of the ATC. In this
communication, India also highlighted a number of points it had made at the time of the examination
by the TMB under Article 6.10 of the ATC, which had demonstrated clearly on the basis of data
published by United States Government sources that there was no serious damage or actual threat of
serious damage to the domestic producers of Category 435 in the United States.
7. The TMB reviewed this matter at its Seventh Meeting on 13-17 November 1995 during the
course of which it considered the written submission made by India through its communication dated
17 October 1995 and oral presentation made before the TMB.
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8. The TMB issued a report of the Seventh Meeting (Document No. G/TMB/R/6 dated
8 December 1995) which, inter alia, covered its examination of the communication sent by India under
Article 8.6 of the ATC. Paragraph 9 of this report reads as follows:
"The TMB reviewed the matter referred to it by India under paragraph 6 of Article 8 in its
letter dated 17 October 1995. The TMB heard the presentation by India, and considered the
elements put forward. The Body could not make any recommendation in addition to the
conclusions it had reached at its meeting on 12-15 September 1995, (G/TMB/R/3, paragraph 19),
nor could the TMB reach a consensus on whether or not the restraint on Category 435 could
continue to be maintained in light of the absence of consensus on the existence of actual threat
of serious damage. The TMB therefore considered its review of the matter under the relevant
provisions of the ATC completed."
9. Since the matter arising out of the request for consultations issued by the United States on
18 April 1995 to India in respect of Category 435 and restraint imposed by the United States on India's
exports of Category 435 on 14 July 1995, effective from 18 April 1995, remains unresolved in spite
of:
- bilateral consultations between India and the United States held under paragraph 7 of
Article 6 of the ATC in April and June 1995;
- the examination of the matter by the TMB under Article 6.10 of the ATC at its Third
and Fourth Meetings in August and September 1995;
- the communication sent by the Government of India inOctober 1995, without prejudice
to its rights under the WTO Agreement, to the TMB under Article 8.6 of the ATC
regarding continuation, by the United States, of the restraint on Category 435 imports
from India into the United States notwithstanding the absence of a TMB recommendation
upholding the safeguard action taken under Article 6 by the United States; and
- the review of the matter by the TMB in its Seventh Meeting in November 1995 and
the report of the TMB on this Seventh Meeting,
my Government considers that all requirements in Article 8.10 of the ATC for direct recourse to
paragraph 2 of Article XXIII of GATT 1994 have been met. India therefore requests that a panel be
established at the next meeting of the DSB pursuant to Article XXIII:2 of GATT 1994, Article 6 of
the DSU and Article 8.10 and other relevant provisions of the ATC.
10. India requests that the panel consider and find that:
1. The restraint introduced by the United States on 14 July 1995 on imports of Category
435 (Women's and girls' wool coats) from India effective from 18 April 1995 is
inconsistent with Article 6, 8 and 2 of the ATC.
2. The action of the United States in imposing the restraint on imports of Category 435
fromIndia nullifiesorimpairsthebenefitsaccruing toIndiaunderthe WTO Agreement,
and under GATT 1994 and the ATC in particular.
3. The action of the United States in continuing with the restraint on Category 435 is also
unjustified in the light of the TMB's finding that serious damage has not been
demonstrated and in the light of absence of consensus in the TMB on the existence
of actual threat of serious damage.
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4. The Government of the United States should bring the measure into conformity with
the ATC by withdrawing the restraint imposed by them on imports of Category 435
from India.
11. India also requests a supplementary finding by the panel that:
(i) Absence of a clear recommendation by the TMB upholding the safeguard action taken
by the United States implies that the TMB does not find the safeguard action justified
and therefore the importing country has a legal obligation to withdraw the restraint.
(ii) According to the ATC, notably its Article 6, the onus of demonstrating serious damage
or actual threat is on the United States as the importing country. The United States
therefore had to choose at the beginning of the process whether it will claim the
existence of the serious damage or actual threat. These are not interchangeable because
the data requirement would vary with the chosen situation.
(iii) There is no provision in the ATC under which the United States as the importing country
can impose a restraint with retrospective effect.
12. India requests that the panel be established with standard terms of reference as set out in Article 7
of the DSU.
13. India furtherrequests thatthis request for the establishmentof a panel be inscribed onthe agenda
of the next meeting of the DSB scheduled for 27 March 1996 and be circulated to all WTO Members.