EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND CERTAIN MEMBER STATES – MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN LARGE CIVIL AIRCRAFT
Document: Request for Consultations by the United States
Date: 12 October 2004
Document codes: WT/DS316/1; G/L/697; G/SCM/D62/1
Complainant: U.S.
Respondent: EU, France, Germany, Spain, United Kingdom
Third parties: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Japan, South Korea
Dispute stage: Retaliation & Arbitration
Agreements cited: Art. 3.1, 3.2, 5, 6.3  Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM)Art. XVI:1  GATT 1994Art. 1, 2  Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM)Art. III:4  GATT 1994

EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES AND CERTAIN MEMBER STATES –
MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE IN LARGE CIVIL AIRCRAFT

Request for Consultations by the United States

 The following communication, dated 6 October 2004, from the delegation of the United
States to the delegations of the European Comm unities, France, Germany, Spain and the United
Kingdom, and to the Chairperson of the Dispute Settlement Body, is circulated in accordance with
Article 4.4 of the DSU.

 My authorities have instructed me to requ est consultations with the Governments of
Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and Spain (t he "member States"), and with the European
Communities ("EC"), pursuant to Articles 1 and 4 of the Understanding on Rules and Procedures
Governing the Settlement of Disputes ("DSU"), Article XXIII:1 of the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade 1994 ("GATT 1994"), and Articles 4, 7, and 30 of the Agreement on Subsidies and
Countervailing Measures ("SCM Agreement") (to the extent that Article 30 incorporates
Article XXIII of the GATT 1994) with regard to measures affecting trade in large civil aircraft.

 The United States considers that measures of th e EC and the member States provide subsidies
that are inconsistent with their obligations under the SCM Agreement and the GATT 1994, including:

• The provision by the member States of financing for large civil aircraft design and
development to the Airbus
1 companies (hereinafter "launch aid") 2 This financing provides
benefits to the recipient companies including financing for projects that would otherwise not
be commercially feasible. The non-commercial terms of the financing include no interest or
interest at below-market rates and a conditi onal repayment obligation that is tied to the

1 The Airbus companies, as referenced throughout this request, include Airbus SAS, its predecessor
Airbus GIE and current and predecessor affiliated companie s, including each person or entity that directly, or
indirectly through one or more intermediaries or relationships, controls or controlled, is or was controlled by, or
is or was under common control with Airbus SAS or Airbus GIE, such as parent companies, sibling companies
and subsidiaries, including Airbus Deutschland GmbH, Airbus España SL, Airbus France S.A.S., Airbus UK
Limited, European Defence and Space Company ("EADS"), and BAE Systems.
2 The EC and the member States use different terms to describe the type of financing at issue, such as
launch aid, launch investment, avances remboursables, Rueckzahlbare Zuwendungen, Entwicklungsbeihilfen,
Zuschuesse zur Entwicklung von zivilien Flugzeugen, an ticipo reembolsable, and prestamo reembolsable.
Although the United States will hereinafter refer to the financing as "launch aid," the US request for
consultations is with respect to all such types of financing, regardless of the specific term or terms that the entity
providing the financing uses.

success of the aircraft model being financed; if a model is not successful, some or all of the
financing is forgiven.

• The provision by the EC and the member St ates of grants and government-provided goods
and services to develop, expand, and upgrade Ai rbus manufacturing sites for the development
and production of the Airbus A380. Specific instances include public investments in Airbus
manufacturing facilities by German authorities in Hamburg and Nordenham, by French
authorities in Toulouse, by UK authorities at Broughton, and at numerous locations in Spain
by Spanish authorities (such as Puerto Real, Illescas, Puerto de Santa Maria, and La
Rinconada).

• The provision by the EC and the member St ates, through the European Investment Bank
("EIB"), to the Airbus companies, including Airbus’ parent company EADS, of research and
development and other loans on preferential te rms, including financing for the A320, the
A321, the A330/340, and the A380.

• The assumption and forgiveness by the EC a nd the member States of debt resulting from
launch aid and other large civil aircraft productio n and development financing, including debt
accumulated by Deutsche Airbus and forgiven by the German government and debt assumed
by the government of Spain on behalf of Construcciones Aeronauticas SA ("CASA").

• The provision by the EC and the member States of equity infusions and grants, including
through government-owned and government-cont rolled banks. Examples include equity
investment by the German government through Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau ("KFW") in
Deutsche Airbus and the return of the shares acquired through this transaction to Deutsche
Airbus’ parent, the Daimler group, without co mpensation. The French government between
1987 and 1997 made equity infusions to off set losses of Aérospatiale and increased the
company’s share value through share transfers into the company in 1998.

• The provision by the EC and the member Stat es of research and development loans and grants
in support of large civil aircra ft development. These loans and grants directly benefit the
Airbus companies.

• Any amendments, revisions, implementing or related measures to the measures described
above.

• Any other measures that involve a financial c ontribution by the EC or any of the member
States that benefit the Airbus companies.

 The subsidies in question include those relati ng to Airbus models A300, A310, A320 family,
A330/340, A330-200, A340-500/600, and most recently the A380.

 The United States is concerned that the launch aid provided by the EC and the member States
to Airbus for the development of large civil ai rcraft, including but not limited to the Airbus
A340-500/600 and the A380, and the EIB loan provide d to EADS for the A380, appear to be export
subsidies in breach of Articles 3.1(a) and 3.2 of the SCM Agreement.

 The United States further is concerned that th e measures appear to be causing adverse effects
to its interests as provided in:

• Article 5(a) of the SCM Agreement because th e measures are specific subsidies within the
meaning of Articles 1 and 2 of the SCM Agr eement and an evaluation of all relevant
economic factors has shown that their effects are causing or threatening to cause injury to the
US industry in the US market for large civil aircraft.

• Articles 5(c), 6.3(a), 6.3(b), 6.3(c), and 6.4 of the SCM Agreement because the measures are
specific subsidies within the meaning of Artic les 1 and 2 of the SCM Agreement that are
causing or threatening to cause serious prejudice to the interests of the United States through
displacement and impedance of US imports of large civil aircraft into the EC and third
country markets, and through significant price undercutting, price suppression, price
depression or lost sales in the same market.

 The United States also is concerned that th e measures appear to be inconsistent with
Article XVI:1 of the GATT 1994.

 The United States also is concerned that th e measures have caused and continue to cause
nullification or impairment of benefits accruing dir ectly or indirectly to the United States under the
GATT 1994 within the meaning of Article XXIII:1.

 Attached please find the statement of availabl e evidence, pursuant to Articles 4 and 7 of the
SCM Agreement.

 We look forward to receiving your reply to this request and to fixing a mutually acceptable
date for consultations.

Statement of Available Evidence

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