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Bruselj, 11.9.2007

COM(2007) 512 konč.

SPOROČILO KOMISIJE SVETU, EVROPSKEMU PARLAMENTU, EVROPSKEMU EKONOMSKO-SOCIALNEMU ODBORU IN ODBORU REGIJ

Tretje letno poročilo o migraciji in vključevanju

KAZALO

1. UVOD

2. PRISELJENSKO PREBIVALSTVO V EU

3. RAZVOJ SKUPNE POLITIKE PRISELJEVANJA IN OKVIR EU ZA VKLJUČEVANJE DRŽAVLJANOV TRETJIH DRŽAV

4. GIBANJA V NACIONALNIH POLITIKAH VKLJUČEVANJA

5. SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE

Priloga (v vednost): Zbirno poročilo o politikah vključevanja v EU-27

1. UVOD

Letna poročila[1] o migraciji in vključevanju analizirajo ukrepe, sprejete v zvezi s sprejemom in vključevanjem državljanov tretjih držav na nacionalni ravni in ravni EU, s čimer zagotavljajo pregled razvoja politik ter pomagajo oceniti in krepiti ukrepe vključevanja.

Razprava o vključevanju se je v zadnjem letu na ravni EU in nacionalni ravni še okrepila. Vse več držav članic izvaja nove politike vključevanja in prilagaja strategije, ki temeljijo na prejšnjih izkušnjah.

To tretje letno poročilo zajema razvoj do junija 2007[2]. Priloga „Zbirno poročilo o politikah vključevanja v EU-27“, pripravljeno v sodelovanju z nacionalnimi kontaktnimi točkami o vključevanju[3], zajema leto 2005 in prvo polovico leta 2006.

2. PRISELJENSKO PREBIVALSTVO V EU

Število državljanov tretjih držav, ki bivajo v EU, je januarja 2006 znašalo okoli 18,5 milijona, tj. 3,8 % skupnega prebivalstva od skoraj 493 milijonov[4]. Priseljevanje je še vedno glavni element demografske rasti EU in v večini držav članic je zabeležena pozitivna neto migracija[5]. Neto migracija, ki se je v večini devetdesetih gibala med 0,5 in 1 milijonom letno, se je od leta 2002 povečala na raven med 1,5 in 2 milijonoma.

Tipologija sprejema se med državami članicami močno razlikuje. Medtem ko je v nekaterih državah, kot so Avstrija, Francija ali Švedska, veliko združitev družin, so imele druge države članice, kot so Irska, Španija, Portugalska in Združeno kraljestvo, visok odstotek priseljevanja, povezanega z delom[6]. V Španiji so bile izvedene pomembne zakonske ureditve, medtem ko so se v Franciji, Nemčiji in na Nizozemskem za posebne skupine priseljencev odločili za omejene zakonske ureditve.

Najštevilnejše skupine državljanov tretjih držav v EU prihajajo iz Turčije (2,3 milijona), Maroka (1,7 milijona), Albanije (0,8 milijona) in Alžirije (0,6 milijona). Vendar je število državljanov, rojenih zunaj EU, v nekaterih državah članicah, kot so Francija, Švedska, Nizozemska in Združeno kraljestvo, višje od števila državljanov tretjih držav, saj so mnogi priseljenci pridobili državljanstvo države gostiteljice.

3. RAZVOJ SKUPNE POLITIKE PRISELJEVANJA IN OKVIR EU ZA VKLJUČEVANJE DRŽAVLJANOV TRETJIH DRŽAV

Vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav je proces vzajemnega prilagajanja družb gostiteljic in priseljencev ter je bistveni dejavnik pri uresničevanju vseh prednosti priseljevanja. Kot je poudarjeno v Sporočilu „Globalni pristop k vprašanju migracij leto pozneje: za celovito evropsko migracijsko politiko“[7], je potrebno povezavo med politikami zakonitih migracij in strategijami vključevanja še naprej krepiti.

Krepitev pravnega okvira glede pogojev za sprejem in bivanje državljanov tretjih držav je bistvenega pomena za razvoj skladnega pristopa EU k vključevanju. Zakonodajni instrumenti glede združitve družine, rezidentov za daljši čas in pogojev, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati državljani tretjih držav ali osebe brez državljanstva kot osebe, ki potrebujejo mednarodno zaščito, že veljajo[8]. Priznavajo pravice, kot so, odvisno od zakonodajnega instrumenta, dostop do zaposlovanja in izobraževanja/usposabljanja ter enaka obravnava[9]. Protidiskriminacijska zakonodaja EU podpira ta pravni okvir[10].

Kot je bilo napovedano v Načrtu politike zakonitega priseljevanja[11], bosta kmalu predložena predloga Komisije za splošno okvirno direktivo, ki opredeljuje temeljne pravice priseljenih delavcev v EU, ter za direktivo o pogojih za sprejem in bivanje visoko usposobljenih priseljencev[12].

Upravičenci do mednarodne zaščite zaradi svojega posebnega položaja zahtevajo prilagojene ukrepe vključevanja. Ta vidik bo del razprave, ki jo je sprožila Zelena knjiga o prihodnjem skupnem evropskem azilnem sistemu[13].

3.1 Okvir EU za vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav

Evropski svet je leta 2004 sprejel Haaški program o krepitvi svobode, varnosti in pravice[14]. Poudaril je potrebo po večjem usklajevanju nacionalnih politik vključevanja in dejavnosti EU, ki temeljijo na skupnih osnovnih načelih.

Svet je sprejel skupna osnovna načela politike vključevanja priseljencev v EU [15] in Komisija je septembra 2005 predložila skupni program za vključevanje , ki zagotavlja okvir za vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav v EU[16]. Takšen okvir temelji na predlogih konkretnih ukrepov za izvajanje skupnih osnovnih načel, tako na ravni EU kot tudi na nacionalni ravni[17]. Poleg tega skupni program zagotavlja podporne mehanizme EU za poenostavitev tega procesa, ki razvijajo poseben evropski pristop k vključevanju s sodelovanjem in izmenjavo dobre prakse.

Sklepi Sveta o skupnem programu so podprli njegove glavne smernice in poudarili potrebo po nadaljnji krepitvi skupnega pristopa k politikam in ukrepom vključevanja[18].

Mreža nacionalnih kontaktnih točk zdaj vključuje dejavno udeležbo vseh držav članic. Postala je učinkovit mehanizem za izmenjavo informacij in opredelitev prednostnih področij ter igra pomembno vlogo pri zagotavljanju, da se ta prizadevanja medsebojno krepijo na nacionalni ravni in ravni EU.

Priročniki o vključevanju za oblikovalce politik in strokovne delavce [19], ki so jih sestavile nacionalne kontaktne točke v sodelovanju z regionalnimi/lokalnimi organi in nevladnimi zainteresiranimi stranmi, so gonilna sila za izmenjavo informacij in dobre prakse. Prva izdaja (2004) je vključevala uvajalne tečaje za novo prispele priseljence in begunce s priznanim statusom, državljansko udeležbo in kazalnike o vključevanju. Druga izdaja (2007) se osredotoča na druga ključna vprašanja, določena v skupnih osnovnih načelih: integracijo načela enakosti spolov in infrastrukturo za vključevanje, proučevanje mehanizmov, uporabljenih za izvajanje uspešnih strategij vključevanja na vseh področjih politike; nastanitev v mestnem okolju in gospodarsko vključevanje, predstavitev spoznanj, pridobljenih na teh področjih. Tretja izdaja se načrtuje za leto 2009.

Kot je pozval Haaški program, je Komisija oblikovala splošno dostopno spletišče , ki bo podprlo spodbujanje strukturne izmenjave izkušenj in informacij v zvezi z vključevanjem. Spletišče bo začelo delovati leta 2008.

Kakor je navedeno v Haaškem programu, je celovit pristop, ki vključuje zainteresirane strani na vseh ravneh, bistvenega pomena za razvoj učinkovite politike vključevanja. Ključni korak je bil začetek nadnacionalnega sodelovanja na občinski ravni med javnimi organi, zasebnimi podjetji, civilno družbo in združenji migrantov v okviru konference Vključevanje mest , ki je potekala v Rotterdamu oktobra 2006[20]. Namen Evropskega foruma za vključevanje je tudi, da zbere zainteresirane strani, dejavne na področju vključevanja na ravni EU. Krovne organizacije EU, ki imajo članstvo v številnih državah članicah, bodo izmenjale strokovno znanje in oblikovale priporočila, ki se objavijo na spletnih straneh o vključevanju.

Za nadaljevanje politične razprave, ki se je začela na prvi ministrski konferenci o vključevanju v Groningenu leta 2004, je maja 2007 v Potsdamu potekalo neformalno srečanje ministrov EU, pristojnih za vključevanje . Kot nadaljevanje tega dogodka so bili junija 2007 sprejeti Sklepi Sveta o krepitvi politik vključevanja v EU s spodbujanjem enotnosti v različnosti .

3.2 Integracija vključevanja

Komisija je na podlagi okvira EU za vključevanje, ki temelji na skupnih osnovnih načelih, in kot nadaljevanje predlogov za konkretne ukrepe na ravni EU, predložene v skupnem programu, razvila celovitejši pristop k vključevanju. Integracija vključevanja postaja bistveni del oblikovanja in izvajanja politik v okviru širokega obsega politik EU.

Za lažjo vključitev priseljevanja, in tudi ciljev vključevanja, v pobude Komisije, je bila ustanovljena skupina komisarjev, pristojnih za migracijska vprašanja , ki naj bi združila vsa zadevna področja politike[21].

Zaposlovanje je ključni del procesa vključevanja in učinkovito vključevanje priseljencev v trg dela je pomemben prispevek k doseganju ciljev Lizbonske strategije za rast in delovna mesta. V okviru evropske strategije zaposlovanja so integrirane smernice pozvale države članice, da proučijo vključevanje priseljencev v trge dela EU[22]. Komisija spremlja vpliv nacionalnih reformnih programov na podlagi letnih skupnih poročil o zaposlovanju in države članice spodbuja, da bi vključevanje priseljencev v trg dela postalo bolj odločna razsežnost politik zaposlovanja[23]. Za analiziranje ovir na trgu dela in izmenjavo dobre prakse je bila ustanovljena Skupina strokovnjakov na visoki ravni o socialni vključenosti etničnih manjšin in njihovi polni udeleženosti na trgu dela.

Priseljenci pomenijo pomemben vir morebitnih podjetnikov v Evropi. Njihove dejavnosti imajo znaten vpliv na gospodarsko rast EU. Podjetniška mreža etničnih manjšin je bila vzpostavljena za izmenjavo informacij, da se premagajo težave pri opravljanju dejavnosti. Na tem področju bo objavljena študija o dobri praksi in načrtuje se konferenca za pomlad 2008[24].

Pomen kulturne razsežnosti vključevanja je vse večji in medkulturni dialog , vključno z medverskim dialogom in dialogom znotraj vere, je postal bistveni instrument za pospeševanje uspešnega vključevanja ter preprečevanje rasizma in ekstremizma. Evropsko leto medkulturnega dialoga 2008 bo pomemben prispevek h krepitvi dejavnosti na tem področju.

Spodbujanje temeljnih pravic, nediskriminacije in enakih možnosti igra ključno vlogo v smislu vključevanja. Skupina različnih služb za spremljanje rasizma in ksenofobije usklajuje politike znotraj Komisije, Agencija za temeljne pravice pa zagotavlja strokovno znanje na tem področju[25]. Prizadevanja za premagovanje strukturnih ovir, s katerimi se soočajo priseljenci, se krepijo v okviru „Evropskega leta enakih možnosti za vse 2007“, ki je sprožilo obširno razpravo o prednostih raznolikosti[26]. Ker ženske pomenijo večino priseljenskega prebivalstva v EU[27], se obravnavanje njihovih posebnih potreb vedno bolj izraža v integraciji mehanizmov enakosti spolov, kot je Načrt za enakost med ženskami in moškimi 2006–2010[28].

Komisija je okrepila razsežnost vključevanja v politike socialne vključenosti in socialne zaščite v okviru skupnih ciljev EU, ki jih države članice prenesejo v nacionalne/regionalne politike na podlagi nacionalnih poročil o strategijah za socialno zaščito in socialno vključenost. Proces spremljanja teh politik prispeva h gonilnim prizadevanjem za krepitev ukrepov vključevanja, ki zapolnjujejo obstoječe vrzeli med priseljenci in državljani[29]. Znotraj Komisije medresorska skupina za razvoj mest usklajuje urbano razsežnost v politikah Skupnosti[30], druge urbane pobude (kot je Evropska mreža mest lokalnih politik vključevanja CLIP, ki jo usklajuje Evropska fundacija za izboljšanje življenjskih in delovnih razmer) pa so bile oblikovane za izmenjavo dobre prakse širokega obsega vprašanj, povezanih z vključevanjem. Potrebe ranljivih skupin so še posebej poudarjene z namenom zmanjšanja neenakosti v okviru akcijskega programa Skupnosti na področju javnega zdravja (2003–2008)[31].

Izobraževanje in usposabljanje zagotavljata orodja za izboljšanje ravni uspešnih dosežkov in sta bistvenega pomena za omogočanje priseljencem, da so dejavni udeleženci v družbi. Vključevanje spodbujajo izobraževalni ukrepi, kot je program Izobraževanje in usposabljanje 2010[32]. Ker imajo otroci in mladi priseljencev ponavadi nižji šolski uspeh kot drugi učenci[33], bo prihodnje poročilo Komisije proučilo vzroke in opredelilo ukrepe za obravnavanje teh izobraževalnih izzivov. Vključevanje je spontan proces, zlasti za otroke . Obravnavanje težav pri vključevanju v zelo zgodnji fazi je ključni pristop za uspešne rezultate, strategija EU o otrokovih pravicah[34] pa upošteva zmožnost te skupine. Poleg tega strukturiran dialog na ravni EU v okviru mladinskih politik kot nadaljevanje Evropskega pakta za mlade[35] prispeva k obravnavanju posebnih potreb te ciljne skupine tako, da se leta 2007 osredotoča na socialno in poklicno vključevanje mladih ter leta 2008 na medkulturni dialog.

3.3 Finančni instrumenti EU

EU podpira politike vključevanja v državah članicah z vrsto finančnih instrumentov. Komisija od leta 2003 sofinancira nadnacionalne projekte vključevanja, ki spodbujajo sodelovanje med državami članicami, regionalnimi / lokalnimi organi in drugimi zainteresiranimi stranmi v okviru pripravljalnih ukrepov INTI [36].

V okvirnem programu Solidarnost in upravljanje migracijskih tokov 2007–2013 bo Evropski sklad za vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav podprl izzive vključevanja, s katerimi se sooča Evropa. Njegov cilj je nova oblika solidarnosti za spodbujanje prizadevanj držav članic, da se priseljencem omogoči izpolnitev pogojev za bivanje in olajša njihovo vključevanje. Državam članicam bo pomagal tudi razširjati njihovo najboljšo prakso, kar bo okrepilo sodelovanje na ravni EU[37].

Evropski sklad za begunce podpira prilagojene ukrepe vključevanja za ljudi z njegovega področja uporabe, vključno z begunci in upravičenci do subsidiarne zaščite, katerih bivanje v EU je trajno in stabilno. V okvirnem programu Solidarnost in upravljanje migracijskih tokov bo nov Evropski sklad za begunce, ki začne veljati leta 2008, še naprej financiral te ciljne projekte[38].

Pobuda Skupnosti EQUAL je v okviru Evropskega socialnega sklada (ESS) ponudila več inovativnih dobrih praks za preprečevanje in boj proti diskriminaciji priseljencev na trgu dela[39]. Večja udeležba priseljencev v zaposlovanju in tako krepitev njihovega socialnega vključevanja je posebna prednostna naloga novega Evropskega socialnega sklada za obdobje 2007–2013[40]. Poleg tega bo tudi nov program PROGRESS 2007–2013 podprl izvajanje protidiskriminacijskih načel in načel enakopravnosti med spoloma.

Instrumenti regionalne politike obravnavajo tudi vprašanja na področju migracije in vključevanja, zlasti v mestnih območjih. Pobuda Skupnosti URBAN II je zlasti močno osredotočena na socialno vključenost v prikrajšanih mestnih območjih[41], program URBACT za izmenjavo izkušenj pri vprašanjih na področju razvoja mest pa upošteva posebne izzive raznolikosti, s katerimi se soočajo evropska mesta. Ta pristop bo nadaljeval program URBACT II 2007–2013[42].

4. GIBANJA V NACIONALNIH POLITIKAH VKLJUČEVANJA[43]

Vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav je predmet razprave, osredotočene na pojave diskriminacije ter kulturno in versko raznolikost. V nekaterih primerih so bile korenite spremembe ključne pri vplivanju na javno mnenje o priseljevanju. Mnogo držav članic je opredelilo prednostne naloge in pregledalo svoje politike. Večina konceptov, prisotnih v politikah vključevanja v državah članicah, je združena v skupnih osnovnih načelih in se v različnem obsegu izraža v njihovih strategijah vključevanja.

Skupno osnovno načelo 1 – Države članice so sprejele vrsto ukrepov za pospeševanje vključevanja kot dvosmernega procesa. Vendar, da bi to načelo smiselno udejanjili, je dolgoročen izziv, ki zahteva nadaljnja prizadevanja. Strukturne pobude, usmerjene v prebivalstvo gostujoče družbe za krepitev njene sposobnosti, da se prilagaja na raznolikost, so v nacionalnih strategijah še vedno premalo zastopane.

Skupno osnovno načelo 2 – Osnovne vrednote, kot so svoboda, demokracija, pravna država ter spoštovanje človekovih pravic in temeljnih svoboščin, se štejejo za pomembne elemente novih politik. Številne države članice so uvedle ukrepe za zagotavljanje znanja o osnovnih vrednotah v programih državljanske vzgoje.

Skupno osnovno načelo 3 – Vključevanje priseljencev v trg dela ostaja pomemben izziv nacionalnih politik vključevanja. Vedno bolj se izvajajo ukrepi za krepitev tega vidika, vključno s preprečevanjem brezposelnosti prek izobraževanja in usposabljanja, učinkovitejšimi sistemi za priznavanje kvalifikacij, bojem proti diskriminaciji na delovnem mestu in spodbujanjem zaposlovanja za priseljenke.

Skupno osnovno načelo 4 – Večina držav članic šteje osnovno znanje jezika družbe gostiteljice kot bistveni element vključevanja. Veliko držav osredotoča svoje strategije vključevanja na uvajalne tečaje, vključno (včasih obvezno) z jezikom in tečajem državljanske vzgoje za novo prispele. Vedno več držav članic povečuje prilagodljivost tečajev v smislu ciljnih posebnih potreb. Samo nekaj držav članic izvaja temeljito oceno teh dejavnosti.

Skupno osnovno načelo 5 – Celovite politike vključevanja zajemajo izobraževanje in usposabljanje kot temeljna elementa procesa vključevanja. Prizadevanja držav članic so osredotočena na ciljne jezikovne razrede in poučevanje, da se olajša vključevanje v šolah. Veliko pobud spodbuja spoštovanje raznolikosti v izobraževalnem okolju in podporo za učitelje. Vendar se otroci in mladi priseljencev soočajo s posebnimi izzivi, ki jih je treba še obravnavati.

Skupno osnovno načelo 6 – Čeprav vedno več držav članic razvija sposobnost ponudnikov storitev, da delujejo vzajemno s priseljenci, dajejo temu vprašanju različen pomen. V nekaterih državah članicah so se začele pobude o enakem dostopu do javnih institucij, vključno s protidiskriminacijskimi in informacijskimi ukrepi. Razvijanje sodelovanja med vladnimi zainteresiranimi stranmi in spodbujanje družb k udeležbi v razpravah o vključevanju sta ukrepa, ki se pojavljata šele zdaj.

Skupno osnovno načelo 7 – Večina držav članic poudarja pomen medsebojnega vplivanja na vsakdanje življenje in ključno vlogo lokalnih dejavnosti, čeprav se obseg, v katerem se take dejavnosti izražajo v strategijah vključevanja, močno razlikuje. Ukrepi za spodbujanje pobud za medsebojno vplivanje priseljencev in družbe gostiteljice, vključno z vzpostavitvijo skupnih forumov, so še vedno omejeni.

Skupno osnovno načelo 8 – Zakonodaje držav članic zagotavljajo spoštovanje vseh ver in načelo nediskriminacije zaradi verskih razlogov. Medtem ko je pomen medverskega dialoga in dialoga znotraj vere kot element širših medkulturnih pobud splošno priznan, se ukrepi za krepitev tega vidika pogosto pojavijo kot ad hoc odgovori na trenutne razmere. V nekaterih državah članicah se tak dialog začne spodbujati na bolj strukturirani podlagi.

Skupno osnovno načelo 9 – Udeležba priseljencev v demokratičnem procesu čedalje bolj velja za pomemben vidik uspešnega vključevanja. V naraščajočem številu primerov so predstavniki priseljencev vključeni v pripravo/izvajanje politik vključevanja. Zlasti obstaja čedalje večji interes za dejavno državljanstvo in postopke naturalizacije kot elemente za krepitev priložnosti za vključitev v družbo gostiteljico. Precej omejeno število držav članic državljanom tretjih držav zagotavlja volilne pravice na lokalnih volitvah.

Skupno osnovno načelo 10 – Večina držav članic je okrepila svoje zmogljivosti za integracijo vključevanja v vse zadevne politike in hkrati razvijala ciljno naravnane ukrepe. Vendar so učinkovita izmenjava informacij, usklajevanje z vsemi stopnjami vlade in zainteresiranimi stranmi ter ustrezno upoštevanje integracije načela enakosti spolov in posebnih potreb mladih in otrok migrantov še vedno pomembni izzivi.

Skupno osnovno načelo 11 – Države članice vedno bolj razumejo potrebo po povečanju zmogljivosti za zbiranje, analiziranje in razširjanje informacij, povezanih z vključevanjem, in tudi statistik, razčlenjenih po spolu, na bolj sistematičen način. Podrobnejši podatki pomagajo preprečiti nejasnosti in izboljšati preglednost prispevka priseljencev k razvoju družbe gostiteljice. Za spremljanje in oceno politik in programov vključevanja ter opredelitev posebnih kazalnikov o vključevanju je potreben nadaljnji napredek.

5. SKLEPNE UGOTOVITVE

Sklepi Sveta iz junija 2007 pomenijo nov korak k uresničevanju agende vključevanja EU. Poudarjajo potrebo po upoštevanju pristopov k vključevanju, ki pritegne družbo kot celoto, in priznavajo, da je medkulturni dialog pomemben instrument za pospeševanje vključevanja.

Za nadaljnji razvoj okvira EU, ki temelji na skupnih osnovnih načelih in skupnem programu, bo Komisija predložila nove pobude. Nacionalne kontaktne točke bodo v tem procesu igrale pomembno vlogo.

Komisija bo raziskala različne koncepte udeležbe in državljanstva ter njihov vpliv na proces vključevanja. Na vseh ravneh se bodo spodbujale platforme za razpravo, ki bodo vključevale zainteresirane strani in predstavnike priseljencev.

Komisija bo proučila tudi dodano vrednost skupnih evropskih modulov za vključevanje migrantov , ki temeljijo na obstoječi dobri praksi, za razvoj smernic o različnih vidikih procesa vključevanja (uvajalni tečaji, spodbujanje udeležbe priseljencev in drugih državljanov v vsakdanjem življenju itd.).

Vpliv medijev pri usmerjanju javne razprave je širše priznan, saj lahko mediji prispevajo k povečanju ozaveščenosti , razjasnitvi nesporazumov in vključitvi vse bolj raznovrstnih družb v poglobljene razprave. Komisija bo na podlagi nedavne študije[44] proučila načine za zagotovitev, da so priložnosti, ki jih priseljenci prinesejo za družbeni razvoj, gospodarsko rast in kulturno raznolikost, opažene v javnosti in priznane v širšem smislu.

Komisija bo tudi raziskala, kako bi lahko procesi vključevanja bolj dejavno prispevali k preprečevanju družbene odtujenosti in diskriminacije priseljencev , pri čemer bi se osredotočila zlasti na mlade in upravljanje raznolikosti, da se preprečijo skrajni primeri zavrnitve družbe gostiteljice.

Merila v zvezi z različnimi vidiki vključevanja so potrebna za učinkovito oblikovanje politik in izboljšanje uspešnosti z učenjem, ki ustreza najvišjim standardom. Komisija bo proučila načine za nadaljnje spodbujanje razvoja skupnih kazalnikov in indeksov za uporabo s strani držav članic, da se ocenijo programi vključevanja in zagotovijo merila za primerjalno analizo.

Komisija bo nenazadnje upoštevala načine za preoblikovanje Letnega poročila o migraciji in vključevanju , da bi postalo sodoben instrument za primerjalno analizo razvoja v politikah vključevanja. Pomenilo bo nov koncept , da se zagotovijo izčrpnejše informacije in orodje za spremljanje. Poleg tega bo Komisija še naprej spremljala izvajanje ustrezne zakonodaje ES in njen vpliv na vključevanje državljanov tretjih držav.

Annex (for information)

Summary Report on Integration Policies in the EU-27

This Summary Report has been drafted on the basis of a questionnaire completed by the National Contact Points on Integration[45]. The questionnaire refers to third-country nationals who are legally residing in the Member States, both newly-arrived and long-established immigrants and refugees.

The aim of the questionnaire was to gather specific information concerning various dimensions of the integration process in the Member States for the calendar year 2005 and the first half of 2006. The Report is structured along the lines of the Common Basic Principles on integration (CBPs) and in keeping with the Common Agenda for Integration.

The CBPs and the Common Agenda are well known by those directly involved in integration policies at national level. Measures aiming at disseminating them further to a wider group of policy-makers and to civil society are undertaken. In Bulgaria and in the Slovak Republic they are discussed and presented to the broader public. They are increasingly mentioned in official declarations and political statements. Some Member States, such as Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark and Spain, refer to the CBPs on a regular basis when dealing with immigration and integration issues. In the Czech Republic and Greece, the CBPs enriched the debate leading to the adoption of new legislation. They are also explicitly incorporated in some Member States' programmes. In the Spanish Strategic Plan on Citizenship and Integration, a full text version of the CBPs is reproduced and reference is made to the Common Agenda for Integration. In the consultations held with stakeholders about the content of the Strategic Plan, extensive information was given on integration initiatives taken at the EU level. In Ireland, the CBPs continue to inform the policy making process and all projects submitted for funding from a recently announced Immigrant Integration Fund are required to reflect the CBPs.

1. ‘Integration is a dynamic, two-way process of mutual accommodation by all immigrants and residents of Member States’

In the Czech Republic and Greece, this principle is part of, respectively, the 'Updated Concept of Immigrant Integration' and the new 'Integrated Action Plan'. In Slovenia, a 'Unit for cultural rights of minorities and for the development of cultural diversity' was established within the Ministry of Culture to support the better understanding and co-existence of different cultural identities. In Belgium, the French and Flemish Communities set up programmes for intercultural communication and awareness-raising on the rights of foreigners targeting both the host society and immigrants. In Denmark, a fund supports local projects such as the 'Copenhagen Day of Dialogue' including intercultural activities and debates. For the 'Danish Constitution Day', a competition for young people, focused on subjects of democracy and integration and widely covered by the media, is prepared. The Swedish government declared the year 2006 the Swedish Year of Multiculturalism' to promote opportunities for all to participate in cultural life and to create co-operation between various cultural traditions. In Luxembourg, the 'Neighbours’ Festival', the 'Festival of migrations, cultures and citizenship' and other multicultural initiatives are organised to promote integration. In Finland, immigrants who obtain Finnish nationality are invited to the 'Theme day of nationality' in the city of Turku. A 'Multicultural personality of the year' and a 'New resident of Turku of the year' are elected. In The Netherlands, primary and secondary schools are encouraged to organise initiatives for the promotion of civic citizenship and integration. Within the new Irish National Action Plan against Racism 'Planning for Diversity', local partnership companies support anti-discrimination and integration initiatives. In the Slovak Republic, the new 'Action Plan to Prevent All Forms of Discrimination, Racism, Xenophobia, Anti-Semitism and Other Forms of Intolerance' was adopted. Measures involving the media to promote understanding of immigration are undertaken actively in Belgium, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, The Netherlands and the United Kingdom. In Latvia, the 'International Tolerance Day' was organised in collaboration with the media. In Lithuania, a new version of the 'Code of Ethics of Journalists and Publishers' was approved to shape understanding of diversity. In Portugal, many initiatives are carried out to manage cultural diversity including television and radio programmes, such as the 'Week of Cultural Diversity'. In the United Kingdom , the 'Improving Opportunity, Strengthening Society' strategy and the 'Community Cohesion Toolkit' focusing on the role of the media are among the measures launched to foster a sense of common belonging.

2. ‘Integration implies respect for the basic values of the European Union’

A number of Member States, including Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Luxembourg and The Netherlands refer to the basic values of the European Union in introductory programmes for newly-arrived third-country nationals. Some countries increasingly promote EU basic values through broader initiatives. In Belgium, a 'Committee of Seven Wise Men' elaborated on basic values and presented its recommendations to the Flemish government to harmonise civic integration courses. T he French Community supports educational programmes targeting school teachers and students. Interdisciplinary citizenship courses will be included in the curriculum of all mandatory educational programmes. In France, the concept of integration includes a strong political and civic dimension reflecting common republican values which are discussed by the 'High Council of Integration.' In Lithuania, civic orientation and integration courses on the host society's culture and history are organised for people granted asylum. In Luxembourg, compulsory civic education courses are provided to those applying for nationality. In Bulgaria, a project 'Civic education – road to Europe' is organised targeting young people. Sweden set up initiatives to raise awareness on basic values including a new 'National Action for Human Rights', as well as a specific programme to combat violence and oppression in the name of honour. In The Netherlands, a declaration of 'Solidarity with The Netherlands', covering respect for common values, is pronounced during naturalisation ceremonies.

3. ‘Employment is a key part of the integration process and is central to the participation of immigrants, to the contributions immigrants make to the host society, and to making such contributions visible’

The contribution of immigrants to the economic growth and development of the host society is increasingly recognised, as underlined by Greece, Italy and Spain. To facilitate the labour market integration of immigrants the Czech Republic has planned a simplification of bureaucracy and the possibility to reside legally while looking for a job. In Spain, a new system 'Catalogue of Labour Shortages in Specific Occupations' has been set up to identify shortages and to allow for a swift processing of residence and working permits. Portugal established 'Offices of Employment and Entrepreneurial Support for Immigrants' within the 'National Immigrant Support Centres', and it launched an advertising campaign 'Immigrant Portugal, Tolerant Portugal'. In Poland, a number of labour market integration measures are carried out by the Intercultural Centre for Vocational Adaptation and the Work Club of the Polish Humanitarian Organisation. In the Slovak Republic, the process of assessment of qualifications and skills and the access to vocational training has been simplified. A specific web-site has been created to advertise vacancies and provide information to employers. The Danish government concluded a political agreement 'A new change for everyone' on access to jobs and education, including new financial incentives to municipalities and obligations for local authorities to provide job offers. In Ireland, publications such as the 'Know before you go' booklet including information on finding employment for newly-arrived immigrants and the 'Employment Rights Information Booklet' are available in multiple languages. The 'Employment for Parents of Irish Born Children Programme' promotes the employment of third-country national parents of an Irish born child and the study 'An Exploration of Local Strategies for the Integration of Migrant Workers and their Families' was carried out. In France, a group of big enterprises drafted a 'Diversity Charter', which is now being signed by many other employers, to commit themselves to create an intercultural environment among their staff. The Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry established a working group to reinforce immigrant entrepreneurship through networking, interaction, education and training, development of advisory services and information. In The Netherlands, an action plan was adopted to further develop immigrant entrepreneurship and a monitoring system against discrimination at the work place is being set up. A 'Diversity Unit' was established by the Belgian federal government to fight against discrimination at work and to promote equality. The Flemish Community organises individual labour market insertion programmes for newly-arrived third-country nationals as part of introductory programmes. In Greece, interventions in favour of unemployed immigrant women are a priority. In Sweden, the employment office for immigrants created a special team to provide support before and during the initial period in a new job. Austria promotes employment of immigrants in the public sector. In the United Kingdom, within certain industry sectors, language teachers and integration experts are available to develop schemes for labour market integration of immigrants.

4. ‘Basic knowledge of the host society’s language, history, and institutions is indispensable to integration; enabling immigrants to acquire this basic knowledge is essential to successful integration’

In most of the Member States, including Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Portugal and Sweden, information material and welcome packages in various languages are available for newly-arrived third-country nationals. Introduction programmes are established in most Member States and they are compulsory in some countries, i.e. Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece and The Netherlands. In Austria, immigrants have to sign an Integration Agreement and to follow German language training in order to receive a residence permit. The City of Vienna provides special cheap courses for young and long-term immigrants. In Denmark, an examination on Danish society, history and culture has to be taken to obtain Danish citizenship and a basic civic test will also be introduced for some categories of immigrants. In the United Kingdom, the 'Life in the United Kingdom: A Journey to Citizenship' syllabus to prepare for the citizenship test was published. In Portugal, the 'Portugal Welcomes You' programme provides language and introductory citizenship courses for newly-arrived third-country nationals. In France, knowledge of the French language, values and institutions is a pre-condition to acquire a long-term residence permit. Language courses, including an examination and a certificate, are compulsory depending on the level of knowledge and they are free of charge for newly-arrived third-country nationals. They are organised in a flexible way according to different needs and child care is available during classes. In Germany, language classes are compulsory depending on the level of knowledge and integration courses provide orientation and basic knowledge of German institutions. In Lithuania, Slovenia, Romania and the United Kingdom a personal integration plan is drafted for every refugee. Italy and Spain foresee introduction courses with a focus on vocational training in their territories, as well as in the immigrants' countries of origin. The Netherlands organises compulsory pre-departure examinations on language and civic orientation for immigrants, with the exclusion of refugees and asylum seekers, to be taken in the country of origin. In Ireland, citizens' information centres are located in every town and cultural orientation programmes and information leaflets are also available. Stakeholders were involved in the organisation of language courses to provide an effective service. In Luxembourg, a pilot project for language classes in French and Luxembourgish 'Cours Inlux' has proved to be very successful and will be renewed. In Poland, a web-site was set up after consultation with refugees, in order to provide them with the most useful information and a newspaper addressing immigrants is drafted with their contribution.

5. ‘Efforts in education are critical to preparing immigrants, and particularly their descendants, to be more successful and more active participants in society’

In Austria , intercultural teaching and learning are principles of federal law, implemented by providing training and support to teachers and promoting anti-discrimination activities in all schools. In Finland, municipalities are granted an increased State subsidy to support young immigrants speaking other languages and teaching in their mother tongue is available. The general school programme includes teaching on foreign cultures. In Spain, half of the 'State Fund for Reception, Integration and Education' is used by schools to develop reception programmes for newly-arrived young immigrants and their families, to provide teaching support during an initial period and to hire intercultural mediators. Teaching exchange programmes with third countries and a movie 'Settlers' on interculturality at school are examples of initiatives undertaken. In Belgium, the French Community develops courses in the language and culture of origin of immigrants and courses promoting openness towards other cultures. In all parts of the country, reception programmes, bridging classes and language courses are organised to facilitate the introduction of newly-arrived young third-country nationals. In Bulgaria, the national programme for the development of education and training foresees specific measures targeted at children speaking another language. Data and research on performance at school are analysed. In Estonia, relevant resources are allocated to train teachers of Estonian as a second language and for bilingual education. In Romania, free courses of Romanian are available for adults and training for teachers is organised to address better the need of students. Finland and Hungary provide classes in various languages as preparatory courses for the integration of immigrant children into the general education system. Greece organises reception and tutorial classes to ease the integration into schools and other measures are set up to ease enrolment and to support families. In Luxembourg, a reception unit for young immigrants who arrive in the course of the school year was created and intercultural mediators and special staff are available to help with language difficulties. In Portugal, the 'Choices Program' aims at preventing low level of achievements and early school-leaving and the 'Between Cultures Secretariat' promotes intercultural education within the wider educational system by training of teachers. C lasses of Portuguese as a second language are available in schools. In the United Kingdom , within the framework of the 'Aiming High' strategy, funding and guidance materials are provided to local authorities and school boards in order to address the needs of immigrant children and youth. In The Netherlands, schools and local authorities organise meetings at least once a year to avoid segregation and to promote integration. In Poland, training for teachers is available and a conference was organised on measures tackling language difficulties of immigrant children. A kindergarten project 'Children of the World' addresses integration challenges at an early stage with the interaction of children of different origins through arts and games. In Ireland, the 'Department of Education and Science' established a steering committee to co-ordinate responses to the educational needs of newly-arrived young immigrants and to put in place a system of language support for non-English speakers. New 'Guidelines on Intercultural Education in Primary School' are published to support teachers and school management in developing a more inclusive classroom environment. In Sweden, a specific curriculum for learning Swedish as a second language exists and the 'Higher Education Act' requires higher education institutions to promote actively recruitment of immigrants . In France, language tuition and introductory courses are available at school. Recent measures focus on the participation in preparatory courses for university studies and on the smooth transition into the labour market.

6. ‘Access for immigrants to institutions, as well as to public and private goods and services, on a basis equal to national citizens and in a non-discriminatory way is a critical foundation for better integration’

In Italy, access to social services for immigrants is eased by mediatory services. Legal advice, information and orientation desks are available at the local level. In Lithuania, access to public offices is facilitated by interpretation services and information in other languages. In Austria, special multi-language information desks are available for various services. The User Panel of the Danish Immigration Service is set up to bring together the Danish Immigration Service and immigrant's representatives. In Poland, training is organised for people working with refugees and a centre provides information on legislation and available services within public institutions. In Sweden, all government agencies have to adopt action plans to take into account cultural diversity in recruitment procedures and a system with de-personalised applications for jobs will be tested. In The Netherlands, an anti-discrimination project within the structures of the government is launched. In Finland, the Ministry of Labour produced a 'Handbook on equality data' containing good anti-discrimination practices. In the Czech Republic, multicultural education and improvement of language skills of public administration staff is an increasing priority. Bulgaria implements a training project to teach social assistants to work in multiethnic environments. In Romania, public services may employ interpreters and cultural mediators and train their staff to ease the access of immigrants to services. In the Slovak Republic, training for the staff of labour, social and family affairs offices is available, as well as consulting and mediatory services. In Hungary, desk officers of family support centres and social and labour offices participate in training on integration issues. In Latvia, a 'Centre of trust' is being built for third-country nationals as a contact point with the institutions. In Ireland, the newly established 'Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service' acts as a one-stop-shop providing a single access point to services. Interpretation support, anti-racism and intercultural training is available for service providers. Government Departments and State Agencies provide information, in multiple languages, on the rights and entitlements of access to a wide range of public services. In Portugal, national and local immigrant support centres are one-stop-shops set up for the delivery of services with the involvement of socio-cultural mediators. An 'SOS Service for Immigrants' and a simultaneous translation service provide help and information in various languages with the assistance of socio-cultural mediators. Within the pilot project 'Strategic Upgrade of National Refugee Integration Services' (SUNRISE), in the United Kingdom a personal caseworker provides information and advice to facilitate access to services.

7. ‘Frequent interaction between immigrants and Member State citizens is a fundamental mechanism for integration. Shared forums, intercultural dialogue, education about immigrants and immigrant cultures, and stimulating living conditions in urban environments enhance the interactions between immigrants and Member State citizens’

Some Member States, such as Greece and Italy, stress in particular the role of cultural mediators, as well as of volunteering and third sector organisations facilitating the interaction between immigrants and the host society. In Austria, a special department for integration and diversity matters forms a point of co-operation between immigrants' organisations, non-governmental organisations and the City of Vienna. In Ireland, local community groups are funded to provide day-to-day support and to promote participation of newly-arrived third-country nationals in local community life. In Bulgaria, the 'Sports Vacation Programme' promotes tolerant inter-ethnic relations. In Estonia, an employment exchange programme between different regions of the country is developed to promote interaction. In Denmark , the participation of immigrants in volunteering organisations is promoted. In Lithuania, a web-site for various minorities' organisations is created to reach a broader public. In Luxembourg, a pilot project to organise entertainment workshops for the interaction of national citizens with immigrants has been successful and will be repeated in many towns. In The Netherlands, many projects in the context of the 'Broad Initiative for Social Cohesion' have been launched including the 'Not beside but with each other' campaign to avoid segregation. A major project to collect examples of co-operation among young people of different cultures is broadly covered by the media. In the United Kingdom , measures to engage together more closely immigrants and the host population include an action plan on intercultural dialogue, a government 'Respect Task Force' and the cohesion guidance 'Leading Cohesive Communities – a guide for leaders and chief executives'.

8. ‘The practice of diverse cultures and religions is guaranteed under the Charter of Fundamental Rights and must be safeguarded, unless practices conflict with other inviolable European rights or with national law’

Denmark set up various initiatives fostering intercultural dialogue and stressing religious diversity, including dialogue meetings between the Danish Prime Minister and the Minister for Integration and various ethnic minority organisations. Germany organised a federal level conference to launch a long-term dialogue process with representatives of Muslim communities. In Finland, a working group on intercultural and inter-religious dialogue was established within the 'Advisory Board for Ethnic Relations'. It acts as a permanent forum for discussion and exchange of information between religious communities and national authorities to increase mutual understanding. In Italy, a 'Council for Italian Islam' was set up to support the central government in gaining an insight on problems faced by Muslim communities and to establish a permanent dialogue. In Latvia, an anti-discrimination project 'Information campaign against Islamophobia' is being implemented and an on-line encyclopaedia on religious diversity and postcards on inter-religious dialogue have been prepared. In Luxembourg, a public conference is organised every year by an inter-religious group representing all major faiths. In Sweden, the Minister responsible for religious affairs holds regular meetings with representatives of different religious communities aimed at reinforcing mutual understanding and trust. In The Netherlands, training for spiritual leaders is organised by Muslims' organisations and the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science and the Ministry for Immigration and Integration.

9. ‘The participation of immigrants in the democratic process and in the formulation of integration policies and measures, especially at the local level, supports their integration’

In Belgium, the Czech Republic, Finland, Hungary, Ireland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden and soon in Greece, third-country nationals are, in principle, entitled to vote in local elections. However, legislative frameworks regulating political participation vary widely. In most of these countries, such voting rights are linked to the length of regular stay or are only recognised to specific categories of third-country nationals. In other Member States, they are only granted to citizens of third countries with which specific bilateral arrangements exist. In Luxembourg, awareness-raising campaigns will be organised to inform immigrants about their voting rights at the local level and a proposal has been presented to extend the competences of municipal advisory councils for foreigners ('Commissions communales consultatives') to favour their participation in public life. In Belgium, the Walloon and Brussels Capital governments encouraged third-country nationals to register to vote in local elections. Cities and communities with a high concentration of minorities are obliged by the Flemish government to facilitate their participation in local policies through special consultative councils and activities of the 'Forum for Ethnic Minorities'. In a growing number of countries, specific support for immigrant women organisations is provided. The Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Italy, Portugal and Spain involve immigrants' representatives, as well as other civil society actors and different stakeholders, in the elaboration and/or implementation of integration policies. In Portugal, the Consultation Council for Immigration Affairs (COCAI), consisting of five immigrants communities, plays an important role in drawing immigration policies. A 'Council for Ethnic Minorities' has been established in Denmark to advise the Ministry of Integration and integration councils are active at the local level. In Spain, the 'Forum for the Integration of Immigrants', a three-tiered consultative body created by the government, involving immigrants' associations, social partners, non-governmental organisations and public administration, was renewed with enlarged composition and competences. Its consultation has become mandatory for any legal or practical initiative in the field of integration at national level. In France, the 'National Council for the Integration of Immigrant Population', including representatives of immigrants' associations, has been re-established and is regularly consulted by the Ministry in charge. In Ireland, funding is provided to immigrants' organisations to promote their participation in the democratic process. Irish partnership companies also facilitate the establishment of local level forums which enhance dialogue and interaction between relevant service providers, representatives of the community and voluntary sector and representatives of immigrants' communities. In Italy, a ' Council dealing with third-country nationals and their families' will be established at national level and ' Immigration Territorial Councils' are set up at local level. In Sweden, government funding has been made available to create a network of elected representatives from municipalities and County Councils to promote an intercultural environment. In the United Kingdom , a 'Commission on Integration and Cohesion' has been set up, involving various stakeholders, to elaborate practical steps in order to make local communities more cohesive and integrated.

10. ‘Mainstreaming integration policies and measures in all relevant policy portfolios and levels of government and public services is an important consideration in public-policy formation and implementation’

In the Czech Republic, all relevant Ministries apply integration mainstreaming in the development of departmental policies and legislation. In the French Community of Belgium, all Ministers commit themselves to undertake concrete actions to promote cultural pluralism and mutual comprehension. In Finland, an integration advisory board was established to co-ordinate activities of various Ministries. 'The Integration Act' was amended so that measures focusing on public general services take into account the needs of immigrants. In Greece, an inter-ministerial committee, supported by a special committee involving experts, was established by the Minister of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation to improve the level of co-operation and co-ordination on integration. In Romania, inter-institutional co-operation is developed by co-ordination meetings organised with representatives of various governmental institutions and non-governmental organisations. Ireland established the 'Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service' to bring together the various strands of government activity. Within these revised structures, a new 'Integration Unit' is being established to promote and co-ordinate all social and organisational measures. France strengthens efforts in terms of public services and social measures in the areas where immigrants are more present.

11. ‘Developing clear goals, indicators and evaluation mechanisms are necessary to adjust policy, evaluate progress on integration and to make the exchange of information more effective’

In Denmark, a study on integration indicators is under way and benchmarking of integration efforts at municipal level is published every year by the Minister of Refugee, Immigration and Integration Affairs to identify best practices. The Swedish 'Integration Board' monitors the situation and progress of integration policies, analysing various aspects of Swedish society and producing yearly reports to assist decision-making in this field. In Portugal, the 'Immigration Observatory' carries out research to support the development of integration policy. In Romania, comprehensive research on the situation of persons granted protection, including the analysis of many integration aspects, has been carried out. Its policy recommendations will be used for drafting future measures. Germany and Estonia selected external contractors to evaluate their integration programmes in order to inform future policy-making and enable adjustments for more effective policy outcomes. In Estonia, a public opinion survey was also carried out. In Ireland, all State funding initiatives on integration have clear performance indicators. Procedures are in place to monitor the implementation of funded projects and to inform developing integration policy. In the Czech Republic, within the 'Commission for the Integration of foreigners' one of the working groups deals also with the setting up of integration indicators.

[1] Prvo letno poročilo COM(2004) 508 je bilo objavljeno julija 2004, drugo SEC(2006) 892 pa junija 2006.

[2] Poročilo upošteva sklepe Sveta iz junija 2007, dokument Sveta 10267/07.

[3] Komisija je vzpostavila mrežo nacionalnih kontaktnih točk kot nadaljevanje sklepov Sveta PNZ iz oktobra 2002.

[4] Vir: Eurostat. Čeprav sta se Romunija in Bolgarija pridružili EU leta 2007, so njuni državljani v tej oceni upoštevani kot državljani EU.

[5] Razen v Estoniji, Latviji, Litvi, na Poljskem in Nizozemskem. Eurostat, Statistika na kratko, Prebivalstvo in socialne razmere, l/2006.

[6] Mednarodni migracijski izgledi, letno poročilo 2006 OECD.

[7] COM(2006) 735.

[8] Direktiva Sveta 2003/86 o pravici do združitve družine, Direktiva Sveta 2003/109 o statusu državljanov tretjih držav, ki so rezidenti za daljši čas, in Direktiva Sveta 2004/83 o minimalnih standardih glede pogojev, ki jih morajo izpolnjevati državljani tretjih držav ali osebe brez državljanstva, da se jim prizna status begunca ali osebe, ki iz drugih razlogov potrebuje mednarodno zaščito, in o vsebini te zaščite. Sprejet je zakonodajni predlog, da se pravila glede bivanja za daljši čas razširijo na upravičence do mednarodne zaščite, COM(2007) 298.

[9] Študija o preverjanju skladnosti nacionalnih ukrepov za prenos direktiv v zvezi z azilom in priseljevanjem bo na voljo leta 2008.

[10] ec.europa.eu/employment_social/fundamental_rights/legis/legln_en.htm.

[11] COM(2005) 669.

[12] Komisija bo predstavila tudi zakonodajna predloga, leta 2008 glede sezonskih delavcev in plačanih pripravnikov, leta 2009 pa glede osebja, premeščenega znotraj podjetja.

[13] COM(2007) 301.

[14] Dokument Sveta 16054/04.

[15] Dokument Sveta 14615/04.

[16] COM(2005) 389.

[17] Evropski parlament, Evropski ekonomsko-socialni odbor in Odbor regij so v svojih mnenjih pozdravili razvoj okvira EU za vključevanje.

[18] Dokument Sveta 14390/05.

[19] ec.europa.eu/justice_home/doc_centre/immigration/integration/doc_immigration_integration_en.htm.

[20] Naslednji dogodek bo organizirala mreža Eurocities v Milanu jeseni 2007.

[21] ec.europa.eu/commission_barroso/frattini/doc/2006/pr_30_08_06_en.pdf.

[22] COM(2006) 815.

[23] Dokument Sveta 6706/07.

[24] ec.europa.eu/enterprise/entrepreneurship/ethnic.htm.

[25] eumc.europa.eu/eumc/index.php.

[26] ec.europa.eu/employment_social/eyeq/index.cfm.

[27] Delitev prebivalstva ZN, Gibanja celotnega števila migrantov: Pregled iz leta 2005 (Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision).

[28] ec.europa.eu/employment_social/gender_equality/gender_mainstreaming/general_overview_en.html.

[29] Skupno poročilo o socialni zaščiti in socialni vključenosti 2007, register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/07/st06/st06694.en07.pdf.

[30] „Urbana razsežnost v politikah Skupnosti (2007–2013)“, ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/guides/urban/index_en.htm#down.

[31] ec.europa.eu/health/ph_programme/programme_en.htm.

[32] ec.europa.eu/education/policies/2010/et_2010_en.html.

[33] PISA 2006, OECD.

[34] COM(2006) 367.

[35] COM(2005) 206.

[36] ec.europa.eu/justice_home/funding/2004_2007/inti/funding_inti_en.htm.

[37] ec.europa.eu/justice_home/funding/integration/funding_integration_en.htm.

[38] ec.europa.eu/justice_home/funding/refugee/funding_refugee_en.htm.

[39] ec.europa.eu/employment_social/equal/index_en.cfm.

[40] ec.europa.eu/employment_social/esf2000/2007-2013_en.html.

[41] ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/urban2/index_en.htm.

[42] urbact.eu/towards-urbact-2.html.

[43] Ta oddelek temelji na odgovorih držav članic na vprašalnik Komisije. Glej prilogo Zbirno poročilo o politikah vključevanja v EU-27.

[44] Migracija in javno mnenje, BEPA 2006.

[45] Replies have been received from all Member States except Cyprus and Malta