AGREEMENT  
on the promotion, provision and use of Galileo and GPS satellite-based navigation systems and 
related applications  
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,  
of the one part,  
and 
THE KINGDOM OF BELGIUM,  
THE CZECH REPUBLIC,  
THE KINGDOM OF DENMARK,  
THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY,  
THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA,  
THE HELLENIC REPUBLIC,  
THE KINGDOM OF SPAIN,  
THE FRENCH REPUBLIC,  
IRELAND,  
THE ITALIAN REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS,  
THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA,  
THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA,  
THE GRAND DUCHY OF LUXEMBOURG,  
THE REPUBLIC OF HUNGARY,  
THE REPUBLIC OF MALTA,  
THE KINGDOM OF THE NETHERLANDS,  
THE REPUBLIC OF AUSTRIA,  
THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND,  
THE PORTUGUESE REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA,  
THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC,  
THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND,  
THE KINGDOM OF SWEDEN,  
THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND,  
CONTRACTING PARTIES to the Treaty establishing THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY, hereinafter referred to as the 
‘Member States’, and THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY,  
of the other part,  
RECOGNISING that the United States operates a satellite-based navigation system known as the Global Positioning 
System, a dual use system that provides precision timing, navigation, and position location signals for civil and 
military purposes,RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/3
RECOGNISING that the United States is currently providing the GPS Standard Positioning Service for peaceful civil, 
commercial, and scientific use on a continuous, worldwide basis, free of direct user fees, and noting that the United States 
intends to continue providing it, and similar future civil services under the same conditions,  
RECOGNISING that the European Community is developing and plans to operate a civil global satellite navigation, timing 
and positioning system, GALILEO, which would be radio frequency compatible with GPS and interoperable with civil GPS 
services at the user level,  
RECOGNISING that GPS signals are used worldwide for satellite-based navigation services including augmentations,  
RECOGNISING that civil GPS and GALILEO, if radio frequency compatible and interoperable at the user level, could 
increase the number of satellites visible from any location on the Earth and aid accessibility to navigation signals for civil 
users worldwide,  
RECOGNISING that the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) establishes international standards and recom ­
mended practices and other guidance applicable to the use of global satellite-based navigation systems for civil aviation, 
that the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) establishes international standards and other guidance applicable to 
the use of global satellite-based navigation systems for maritime navigation, and that the International Telecommunication 
Union (ITU) establishes multilateral regulations and procedures applicable to the operation of global radio-navigation 
systems, as well as to other radio communication systems,  
DESIRING to provide satellite navigation users and equipment providers with a broader range of services and capabilities, 
leading to increased user applications, while assuring radio frequency compatibility with systems and equipment already 
in use,  
DESIRING to promote open markets and to facilitate growth in trade with respect to commerce in global navigation and 
timing goods, value-added services, and augmentations,  
CONVINCED of the need to prevent and protect against the misuse of global satellite-based navigation and timing 
services without unduly disrupting or degrading signals available for civilian uses,  
CONVINCED of the need to cooperate so that the benefits of this important technology are fully achieved for all relevant 
applications,  
RECOGNISING that consultations are desirable for the purpose of avoiding or resolving any disputes that may arise under 
this Agreement, including those relating to the way in which the Parties discharge their respective responsibilities for the 
obligations within their areas of competence,  
HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:  
Article 1  
Objectives  
1. The objective of this Agreement is to provide a framework 
for cooperation between the Parties in the promotion, provision 
and use of civil GPS and GALILEO navigation and timing 
signals and services, value-added services, augmentations, and 
global navigation and timing goods. The Parties intend to 
work together, both bilaterally and in multilateral fora, as 
provided herein, to promote and facilitate the use of these 
signals, services, and equipment for peaceful civil, commercial, 
and scientific uses, consistent with and in furtherance of mutual 
security interests. This Agreement is intended to complement 
and facilitate agreements in force, or which may be negotiated 
in the future, between the Parties related to the design and 
implementation of civil satellite-based navigation and timing 
signals and services, augmentations, or value-added services.  
2. Nothing in this Agreement shall supersede, modify or 
derogate from standards, procedures, rules, regulations and 
recommended practices adopted in ICAO, or IMO. The Parties 
confirm their intent to act in a manner consistent with these 
bodies’ regulatory framework and processes.  
3. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the rights and 
obligations of the Parties under the Marrakech Agreement Esta ­
blishing the World Trade Organisation (hereinafter ‘the WTO 
Agreements’).  Article 2  
Definitions  
For the purposes of this Agreement, the following definitions 
shall apply:  
(a) ‘Augmentation’ means civil mechanisms, which provide the 
users of satellite-based navigation and timing signals with 
input information, extra to that derived from the main 
constellation(s) in use, and additional range/pseudo-range 
inputs or corrections to, or enhancements of, existing 
pseudo-range inputs. These mechanisms enable users to 
obtain enhanced performance, such as increased accuracy, 
availability, integrity, and reliability.  
(b) ‘Civil satellite-based navigation and timing service’ means 
the civil satellite-based navigation or timing service 
provided by GPS or GALILEO, including secured gover ­
nmental service.  
(c) ‘Civil satellite-based navigation and timing service provider’ 
means any government or other entity that provides civil 
satellite-based navigation or timing service.RO L 348/4 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
(d) ‘Civil satellite-based navigation and timing signals’ means 
the civil satellite-based navigation or timing signals 
provided by GPS or GALILEO, including secured gover ­
nmental service signals.  
(e) ‘Civil satellite-based navigation and timing signals provider’ 
means any government or other entity that supplies GPS 
and/or GALILEO signals or augmentations.  
(f) ‘Classified information’ means official information that 
requires protection in the interests of national defense or 
foreign relations of the Parties, and is classified in 
accordance with applicable laws and regulations.  
(g) ‘GALILEO’ means an autonomous civil European global 
satellite-based navigation and timing system under civil 
control, developed by the European Community, its 
Member States, the European Space Agency and other 
entities. GALILEO includes an open service and one or 
more other services, such as a safety of life, commercial, 
and a secured governmental service, such as the Public 
Regulated Service (‘PRS’), and any augmentations provided 
by the European Community, its Member States or other 
entities.  
(h) ‘Global navigation and timing equipment’ means any civil 
end user equipment designed to transmit, receive, or 
process satellite-based navigation and timing signals, to 
provide value-added services, or to operate with an 
augmentation.  
(i) ‘GNSS’ means Global Navigation Satellite System.  
(j) ‘GPS’ means the Global Positioning System Standard Posi ­
tioning Service, an open service, (or future civil services) 
provided by the United States Government for civil use. 
GPS is currently provided by the United States in its 
exercise of governmental authority as it is neither 
supplied on a commercial basis nor offered in competition 
with one or more service suppliers. GPS includes any 
augmentation or improvements to that service provided 
directly by the United States Government.  
(k) ‘Intellectual property’ shall have the meaning found in 
Article 2 of the Convention Establishing the World Intel ­
lectual Property Organisation, done at Stockholm, 14 July 
1967.  
(l) ‘Interoperability at the user level’ is a situation whereby a 
combined system receiver with a mix of multiple GPS or 
GALILEO satellites in view can achieve position, navigation 
and timing solutions at the user level that are equivalent to or better than the position, navigation or timing solutions 
that could be achieved by either system alone.  
(m) ‘Measure’ means any law, regulation, rule, procedure, 
decision, administrative action or similar binding action 
by the Parties at the national or supranational level.  
(n) ‘Military satellite-based navigation and timing service’ 
means a satellite-based navigation and timing service 
provided by a Party and specifically designed to meet the 
needs of defense forces.  
(o) ‘Radio frequency compatibility’ means the assurance that 
one system will not cause interference that unacceptably 
degrades the stand-alone service that the other system 
provides.  
(p) ‘Secured governmental service’ means a secured, restricted 
access satellite-based navigation and timing service 
provided by a Party and specifically designed to meet the 
needs of authorised governmental users.  
(q) ‘Value-added service’ means a downstream service or appli ­
cation, excluding augmentations, that uses civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing signals or services in a 
manner intended to provide additional utility or benefit 
to the user.  
Article 3  
Scope  
Except as otherwise provided herein, this Agreement pertains to 
all measures established by the Parties concerning civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing signals and signal providers, civil 
satellite-based navigation and timing services and service 
providers, augmentations, value-added services and value- 
added service providers, and global navigation and timing 
goods.  
The provision of military satellite-based navigation and timing 
services is outside the scope of this Agreement, except as 
provided in Article 4 as far as radiofrequency compatibility is 
concerned, Article 11 and in the Annex to this Agreement.  
Secured governmental services are outside the scope of Articles 
5 and 6, Article 8 paragraph 2, and Article 10, paragraph 3.  
Article 4  
Interoperability and Radio Frequency Compatibility  
1. This Article is applicable to GPS and GALILEO as defined 
and, as far as radiofrequency compatibility is concerned, to all 
satellite-based navigation and timing services.RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/5
2. The Parties agree that GPS and GALILEO shall be radio 
frequency compatible. This paragraph shall not apply locally to 
areas of military operations. The Parties shall not unduly disrupt 
or degrade signals available for civil use.  
3. The Parties also agree that GPS and GALILEO shall be, to 
the greatest extent possible, interoperable at the non-military 
user level. In order to achieve this interoperability and facilitate 
the joint use of the two systems, the Parties agree to realise their 
geodetic coordinate reference frames as closely as possible to 
the International Terrestrial Reference System. The Parties also 
agree to transmit the time offsets between GALILEO and GPS 
system times in the navigation messages of their respective 
services, as outlined in the document entitled ‘GPS/GALILEO 
Time Offset Preliminary Interface Definition’ referred to in the 
Annex.  
4. The Parties agree that the radio frequency compatibility 
and interoperability working group established pursuant to 
Article 13 shall continue work already underway with a view 
toward achieving, inter alia:  
(a) radio frequency compatibility in the modernisation or 
evolution of either system; (The Parties need to assess 
further the radiofrequency compatibility of GALILEO and 
GPS III).  
(b) enhanced signal availability and reliability through comple ­
mentary system architectures for the benefit of users 
worldwide.  
(c) interoperability at the non-military user level.  
5. To further ensure radio frequency compatibility and non- 
military service interoperability, the Parties shall ensure that 
their augmentations meet the requirements of ICAO, IMO and 
the ITU to which such Parties are bound and such other requi ­
rements as the Parties may find mutually acceptable.  
6. Nothing in this Agreement shall supersede, modify or 
derogate from standards, procedures, rules, regulations and 
recommended practices adopted in the ITU. The Parties 
confirm their intent to act in a manner consistent with this 
body’s regulatory framework and processes.  
Article 5  
Standards, Certification, Regulatory Measures, and 
Mandates  
The Parties agree to consult with each other before the esta ­
blishment of any measures:  (1) establishing, directly or indirectly (such as through a 
regional organisation), design or performance standards, 
certification requirements, licensing requirements, technical 
regulations or similar requirements applicable to civil 
satellite-based navigation and timing signals or services, 
augmentations, value-added services, global navigation and 
timing equipment, civil satellite-based navigation and timing 
signals or service providers, or value-added service 
providers; or  
(2) that have the effect, directly or indirectly, of mandating the 
use of any civil satellite-based navigation and timing signals 
or services, value-added service, augmentation, or global 
navigation and timing equipment within its respective 
territory (unless the mandating of such use is expressly 
authorised by ICAO, or IMO).  
Article 6  
Non-Discrimination and Trade  
1. The Parties affirm their non-discriminatory approach with 
respect to trade in goods and services related to civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing signals, augmentations, and value- 
added services.  
2. The Parties affirm that measures with respect to goods and 
services related to civil satellite-based navigation and timing 
signals or services, augmentations, and value-added services 
should not be used as a disguised restriction on or an unne ­
cessary obstacle to international trade.  
3. The trade and civil applications working group established 
pursuant to Article 13 shall consider, inter alia, non-discrimi ­
nation and other trade related issues concerning civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing signals or services, augmentations, 
value-added services, and global navigation and timing goods, 
including the potential for additional commitments in relevant 
bilateral or multilateral fora.  
Article 7  
Open Access to Civil Satellite-based Navigation or Timing 
Signals  
1. Except for reasons of national security, the Parties shall 
not restrict either use of or access to the positioning, navigation 
and timing information of their respective open services by end 
users, including for augmentation. This provision does not 
preclude the ability to make access to such information by 
other entities, such as manufacturers of satellite based navi ­
gation and timing equipment, subject to non-discriminatory 
commercial arrangements.  
2. The Parties shall endeavour to provide signals intended for 
safety of life services with the required level of safety as 
recognised by competent international bodies.RO L 348/6 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
Article 8  
Open Access to Information  
1. Subject to applicable export controls, the Parties agree to 
make publicly available on a non-discriminatory basis, sufficient 
information concerning their respective unencrypted civil 
satellite-based navigation and timing signals and augmentations, 
to ensure equal opportunity for persons who seek to use these 
signals, manufacture equipment to use these signals, or provide 
value-added services which use these signals. Such information 
shall include, but not be limited to, signal specifications, 
including elements such as minimum usage conditions, radio 
frequency characteristics, and navigation message structure.  
2. To the extent that a Party provides civil satellite-based 
navigation and timing signals or services, augmentation, or 
value-added service for civil users that is encrypted or 
otherwise has features that allow the global navigation service 
provider to deny access, the Party shall, subject to applicable 
export controls, afford to the other Party’s manufacturers of 
global navigation and timing equipment or augmentation or 
value-added services providers, on a non-discriminatory basis, 
access to the information necessary to incorporate such 
encryption or other similar features into their equipment, 
through licensing of necessary information or other means at 
market prices.  
Article 9  
Intellectual Property  
Nothing in this Agreement is intended to affect intellectual 
property rights related to global satellite-based navigation and 
timing signals, services or goods.  
Article 10  
Cost Recovery for Civil Satellite-Based Navigation and 
Timing Signals  
1. The Parties shall each endeavour to provide open service 
navigation and timing signals without direct fees for end use or 
for augmentation.  
2. To the extent that a Party pursues a system that would be 
used for charging fees for international aviation or maritime 
safety of life users, it intends to do so in a manner consistent 
with ICAO and IMO.  
3. The Parties shall consult each other where appropriate on 
cost recovery policies. The Parties shall encourage practicable 
steps to ensure transparency and accountability for fees 
incurred in providing their services.  
Article 11  
National Security Compatibility and Spectrum Use  
1. The Parties shall work together to promote adequate 
frequency allocations for satellite-based navigation and timing signals, to ensure radio frequency compatibility in spectrum use 
between each other’s signals, to make all practicable efforts to 
protect each other’s signals from interference by the radio 
frequency emissions of other systems, and to promote 
harmonised use of spectrum on a global basis, notably at the 
ITU. The Parties shall cooperate with respect to identifying 
sources of interference and taking appropriate follow-on 
actions.  
2. The Parties intend to prevent hostile use of satellite-based 
navigation and timing services while simultaneously preserving 
services outside areas of hostilities. To this end, their respective 
satellite based navigation and timing signals shall comply with 
the National Security Compatibility criteria set forth in the 
documents entitled ‘National Security Compatibility Compliance 
for GPS and GALILEO Signals in the 1 559-1 610 MHz Band, 
Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3’ (hereinafter ‘Criteria, Assumption and 
Methodology Documents’), referenced in the attached Annex, 
using the methodology and assumptions contained in the 
Criteria, Assumption and Methodology Documents.  
3. The Parties agree that the signal structures specified in the 
Annex to this Agreement comply with the National Security 
Compatibility criteria set forth in the Criteria, Assumption and 
Methodology Documents.  
4. In order to maintain and continuously improve the quality 
and security of services, the systems will need to respond effec ­
tively to unforeseen changes in technology, user needs and the 
spectrum environment. The Parties intend to pursue moderni ­
sation and development of their respective systems while main ­
taining the security and market benefits of compatible and 
interoperable common civil signals.  
5. The Parties shall inform and consult one another on the 
implementation of the baseline signal structures specified in the 
Annex. A Party shall notify the other Party in writing through 
diplomatic channels if it desires in the future to change or add 
to the baseline signal structures specified and agreed to in the 
Annex.  
6. Unless a Party voices concerns on the basis of National 
Security Compatibility, as taken into account in the Criteria, 
Assumption and Methodology Documents, or on the basis of 
radio-frequency compatibility, within a time period of three 
months after its receipt of the notification mentioned in 
paragraph 5, that Party will not oppose the adoption and imple ­
mentation of the alternative signal structure specified in the 
notification. If a Party voices National Security or radio- 
frequency compatibility concerns within that time period, the 
Parties shall without delay enter into consultations to verify that 
the alternative signal structures comply with the National 
Security Compatibility criteria set forth in the Criteria, 
Assumption and Methodology Documents and with radio- 
frequency compatibility, using the respective Assumptions and 
Methodology documents referred to in the Annex for compati ­
bility analysis.RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/7
7. The Parties agree to use the common baseline modulation 
for the GALILEO Open Service and the future GPS III civil 
signal (Standard Positioning Service) as described in the 
Annex. The Parties shall work together without delay toward 
achieving optimisation of that modulation for their respective 
systems. If a Party changes or adds to its modulation for the 
GALILEO Open Service or the future GPS III civil signal, 
pursuant to the process set forth in paragraphs 5 and 6, the 
other Party shall not be obliged to change or add to its modu ­
lation.  
8. The Parties agree to study the means to protect the 
secured governmental service in the context of national 
security compatibility, under the working group on security 
issues established in Article 13, paragraph (2)(d).  
Article 12  
GPS and GALILEO Search & Rescue Services  
A global search and rescue service is planned for both GALILEO 
and future generations of GPS satellites. The Parties agree that 
these services shall be radio frequency compatible and to the 
greatest extent possible, interoperable at the user level. The 
Parties will cooperate as appropriate on matters related to 
global search and rescue services for GALILEO and future gene ­
rations of GPS satellites at the COSPAS-SARSAT Council or at 
any other mutually agreeable forum.  
Article 13  
Modalities  
1. The Parties shall establish working groups for mutually 
agreed upon topics. Each working group will include partici ­
pation, as appropriate, from the competent authorities of the 
Parties. Third party participation in working groups shall be 
only by mutual consent of the Parties.  
2. The following working groups shall be established 
pursuant to paragraph 1.  
(a) A working group on radio frequency compatibility and 
interoperability for civil satellite-based navigation and 
timing services.  
(b) A working group on trade and civil applications.  
(c) A working group to promote cooperation on the design 
and development of the next generation of civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing systems.  (d) A working group on security issues relating to GPS and 
GALILEO, including information exchange on possible 
applications for secured governmental services, and 
including interactions between their respective signals. The 
group shall also work towards defining the details of the 
notification and consultation procedure referred to in 
Article 11, as well as possible interfaces.  
3. The Parties may establish terms of reference for working 
groups established pursuant to paragraph 1, as appropriate.  
4. All exchanges of information, equipment, technology or 
other data (including that which is classified), as well as the 
delivery of services, pursuant to this Agreement shall be 
subject to all applicable laws and regulations, including export 
control laws and regulations. All such information, equipment, 
technology or other data transferred shall be used only for the 
purposes of this Agreement and shall not be transferred to, or 
used by, any third country, firm, person, organisation or 
government without the prior written approval of the origi ­
nating party.  
5. Subject to applicable laws, regulations, and official gover ­
nmental policies, the Parties agree to handle as expeditiously as 
possible license applications for the export of goods, infor ­
mation, technology or other data appropriate for the deve ­
lopment and implementation of GALILEO or GPS.  
6. Classified information relating to the implementation of 
this Agreement may be exchanged at working groups or 
otherwise only in accordance with the conditions set forth in 
paragraph 2 of the Annex to this Agreement.  
7. The Parties shall meet as needed, and in principle once a 
year, to assess the need for working groups, define or modify 
working group terms of reference, and review working group 
progress.  
Article 14  
Follow-up Activities  
The Parties intend to commence discussions of a follow-on 
agreement regarding potential cooperation between their 
respective independently funded and operated civil satellite- 
based navigation and timing systems for the period following 
achievement by GALILEO of initial operational capability. In 
those discussions the Parties intend to explore various coordi ­
nation options, such as creating a high-level interface council 
that would meet once or twice a year to discuss policy issues 
and future system planning, a small GPS-GALILEO secretariat to 
share interface data and provide day-to-day coordination, and 
liaison officers as mutually agreed.RO L 348/8 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
Article 15  
Activities in International Fora  
To promote and implement the objectives of this Agreement, 
the Parties shall, as appropriate, cooperate on matters of mutual 
interest related to civil satellite-based navigation and timing 
signals and systems, value-added services, and global navigation 
and timing goods in ICAO, ITU, IMO, WTO and other relevant 
organisations and fora.  
Article 16  
Funding  
Each Party shall bear the costs of fulfilling its respective respon ­
sibilities under this Agreement. Obligations of each Party 
pursuant to this Agreement are subject to the availability of 
appropriated funds.  
Article 17  
Consultation and Dispute Resolution  
1. Any dispute arising under or related to the terms, inter ­
pretation or application of this Agreement shall be resolved by 
consultation.  
2. Representatives of the Council of the European Union and 
the European Commission, of the one part, and of the United 
States, of the other part, shall meet as needed for the consul ­
tations foreseen in paragraph 1 and in Article 5, Article 10 
paragraph 3, and Article 11 paragraphs 5 and 6.  
3. Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the Parties’ right to 
recourse to dispute settlement under WTO Agreements.  
Article 18  
Definition of the Parties  
For the purpose of this Agreement, ‘the Parties’ shall mean the 
European Community or its Member States or the European 
Community and its Member States, within their respective 
areas of competence, on the one hand, and the United States, 
on the other.  
Article 19  
Responsibility and Liability  
1. The Parties shall have responsibility for failure to comply 
with obligations under this Agreement.  
2. If it is unclear whether an obligation under this 
Agreement is within the competence of either the European 
Community or its Member States, at the request of the 
United States, the European Community and its Member 
States shall provide the necessary information. Failure to 
provide this information with all due expediency or the 
provision of contradictory information shall result in joint 
and several liability.  Article 20  
Entry into Force and Termination  
1. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date on 
which the European Community and its Member States and 
the United States inform the Depository through diplomatic 
notes that their respective internal procedures necessary for its 
entry into force have been completed.  
2. This Agreement shall be subject to accession by States that 
become Members of the European Union after the date it is 
signed by the Parties.  
3. Notwithstanding paragraph 1, the Parties agree to provi ­
sionally apply this Agreement from the first day of the month 
following the date on which the Parties have notified each other 
of the completion of the procedures necessary for this purpose.  
4. The European Community shall serve as the Depository 
for this Agreement.  
5. This Agreement shall remain in force for ten years. At 
least three months before the end of the initial 10-year 
period, the Parties shall inform each other of their intention 
whether to extend the Agreement for a period of five years. 
Thereafter, it shall be extended automatically for additional five- 
year periods, unless the European Community and its Member 
States, on the one hand, or the United States, on the other, 
gives notice to the Depository in writing at least three months 
prior to the end of any subsequent five-year period, of its 
intention not to extend the Agreement.  
6. This Agreement may only be amended by agreement of 
the Parties. Any amendment to this Agreement shall be subject 
to approval by the Parties in accordance with their respective 
internal procedures.  
7. The Parties shall review the implementation of this 
Agreement in 2008 and, may consider at that time to amend 
it in accordance with the procedure in paragraph 6.  
8. This Agreement may be terminated at any time upon one 
year’s written notice.  
Done at Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare, on the twenty-sixth day of June 2004, in duplicate in the Danish, 
Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Czech, Estonian, 
Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Maltese, Polish, Slovakian and Slovenian languages. English shall be the 
authentic language.RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/9
Pour le Royaume de Belgique  
Voor het Koninkrijk België  
Für das Königreich Belgien
  
Cette signature engage également la Communauté française, la Communauté flamande, la Communauté 
germanophone, la Région wallonne, la Région flamande et la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale.  
Deze handtekening verbindt eveneens de Vlaamse Gemeenschap, de Franse Gemeenschap, de Duitstalige 
Gemeenschap, het Vlaamse Gewest, het Waalse Gewest en het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest.  
Diese Unterschrift bindet zugleich die Deutschsprachige Gemeinschaft, die Flämische Gemeinschaft, die 
Französische Gemeinschaft, die Wallonische Region, die Flämische Region und die Region Brüssel- 
Hauptstadt.  
Za Českou republiku
  
På Kongeriget Danmarks vegne
  
Für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
  
Eesti Vabariigi nimel
  
Гια την E λληvιкή Δημoкρατία
RO L 348/10 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
Por el Reino de España
  
Pour la République française
  
Thar cheann Na hÉireann  
For Ireland
  
Per la Repubblica italiana
  
Гια την K υπριαкή  Δημoкρατία ,
 
Latvijas Republikas v ārd ā
RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/11
Lietuvos Respublikos vardu
  
Pour le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg
  
A Magyar Köztársaság részér ől
 
Għar-Repubblika ta’ Malta
  
Voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
  
Für die Republik Österreich
RO L 348/12 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
W imieniu Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
  
Pela República Portuguesa
  
Za Republiko Slovenijo
  
Za Slovenskú republiku
  
Suomen tasavallan puolesta
  
För Konungariket Sverige
  
For the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/13
Por la Comunidad Europea  
Za Evropské spole čenství  
For Det Europæiske Fællesskab  
Für die Europäische Gemeinschaft  
Euroopa Ühenduse nimel  
Για την Ευρωπαϊκή  Κοινότητα  
For the European Community  
Pour la Communauté européenne  
Per la Comunità europea  
Eiropas Kopienas v ārd ā 
Europos bendrijos vardu  
Az Európai Közösség részér ől 
Għall-Komunità Ewropea  
Voor de Europese Gemeenschap  
W imieniu Wspólnoty Europejskiej  
Pela Comunidade Europeia  
Za Európske spolo čenstvo  
Za Evropsko skupnost  
Euroopan yhteisön puolesta  
På Europeiska gemenskapens vägnar
  
For the United States of America
RO L 348/14 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011
ANNEX  
GPS AND GALILEO SIGNAL STRUCTURES  
(1) For reasons of National Security Compatibility, avoidance of unacceptable radio-frequency interference, and suitability 
of GNSS performance, the Parties agree to the baseline signal structures described below:  
— The GALILEO secured governmental service in the 1 559-1 610 MHz band using a Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) 
cosine phased modulation with a 15,345 MHz sub-carrier frequency and a code rate of 2,5575 mega-chips per 
second (Mcps) centred at 1 575,42 MHz (cosine phased BOC (15, 2,5)), and a signal power as specified in the 
document, referred to below, entitled „Reference Assumptions for GPS/GALILEO Compatibility Analyses.”  
— The GALILEO signal structures used for any or all other services, including the Open Service (OS), Safety-of-Life 
service (SoL), and Commercial Service (CS), in the 1 559-1 610 MHz band using a Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) 
modulation with a 1,023 MHz sub-carrier frequency and a code rate of 1,023 mega-chips per second (Mcps) 
(BOC (1,1)) centred at 1 575,42 MHz, and a signal power as specified in the document, referred to below, entitled 
„Reference Assumptions for GPS/GALILEO Compatibility Analyses.”  
— The GPS signal structure in the 1 559-1 610 MHz band, centred at 1 575,42 MHz, will be a Binary Phase Shift 
Key (BPSK) modulation with a code rate of 1,023 Mcps; a BPSK modulation with a code rate of 10,23 Mcps; and 
a BOC modulation with a 10,23 MHz sub-carrier frequency and a code rate of 5,115 Mcps, and a signal power as 
specified in the document, referred to below, entitled „Reference Assumptions for GPS/GALILEO Compatibility 
Analyses.” In the future, a BOC (1, 1) modulation centred at 1 575,42 MHz will be added to this signal structure.  
(2) The classified assumptions and methodology used to determine the National Security Compatibility criteria, and the 
criteria themselves, are contained in the following documents: National Security Compatibility Compliance for GPS 
and GALILEO Signals in the 1 559-1 610 MHz Band, Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3, (hereinafter, „Part 1, ” „Part 2,” and 
„Part 3,” respectively) dated 9 June 2004, including any future amendments, changes or modifications to these 
documents as mutually agreed in accordance with paragraph 6.a. of this Annex. Access to Part 1, Part 2 and Part 
3 shall be only by the United States and those Member States that are a party to a General Security of Military 
Information Agreement (hereinafter „GSOMIA”) or a General Security of Information Agreement (hereinafter 
„GSOIA”) with the United States, which shall apply to the access, maintenance, use and release of these classified 
documents. Should an applicable agreement regarding security of information between the European Community and 
the United States be concluded in the future, it shall govern the access, maintenance, use and release of Part 1, Part 2 
and Part 3. For the time being, representatives of the European Commission and staff members of the GALILEO Joint 
Undertaking and European Space Agency shall be granted oral and visual access to Part 2 for the purposes of 
implementation of and compliance with this Agreement, on the basis of an established security clearance with a 
Member State that has a GSOMIA or GSOIA with the United States, in accordance with the national security 
procedures and laws of the Member State, and with the GSOMIA or GSOIA with the United States. Representatives 
of the European Commission and staff members of the GALILEO Joint Undertaking and European Space Agency shall 
be granted access to Part 1 and Part 3 in accordance with applicable security rules. The classified information shall at 
all times be protected and handled only in facilities with an appropriate facility security clearance in accordance with 
the applicable security procedures, laws and the GSOMIA or GSOIA.  
(3) Assumptions for radio frequency signal compatibility analyses are contained in the following document: „Reference 
Assumptions for GPS/GALILEO Compatibility Analyses”, 9 June 2004 including any future amendments, changes or 
modifications to this document as mutually agreed by the Parties.  
(4) Methodology for radio frequency compatibility analysis is contained in the following document: „Models and Metho ­
dology for GPS/GALILEO Radio Frequency Compatibility Analyses”, dated 18 June 2004, including any future 
amendments, changes or modifications to this document as mutually agreed by the Parties.  
(5) The provision of the time offsets between GALILEO and GPS system time in the navigation messages of their 
respective services is outlined in the following document: „GPS/GALILEO Time Offset Preliminary Interface Definition” 
dated 20 March 2003, including any future amendments, changes or modifications to this document as mutually 
agreed by the Parties.  
(6) (a) Notwithstanding Article 20, paragraph 6, any future amendments, changes or modifications to the documents 
entitled „National Security Compatibility Compliance for GPS and GALILEO Signals in the 1 559-1 610 MHz 
Band, Part 1, Part 2 and Part 3” shall be decided by mutual agreement by a sub-group of the working group 
established under Article 13, paragraph 2 (d), composed of representatives of the United States on the one hand, 
and representatives of the European Commission, acting on behalf of the European Community, who have access 
to these classified documents in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Annex, and representatives of those Member 
States who have access to these classified documents in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Annex, on the other 
hand. These decisions shall be binding on the Parties.RO 31.12.2011 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene L 348/15
(b) Notwithstanding Article 20, paragraph 6, any future amendments, changes or modification to the following 
documents shall be adopted by mutual agreement between appropriate representatives of the Parties in the 
working group established under Article 13, paragraph 2(a), including the United States: „Reference Assumptions 
for GPS/GALILEO Compatibility Analyses”; „Models and Methodology for GPS/GALILEO Radio Frequency Compa ­
tibility Analyses”; „GPS/GALILEO Time Offset Preliminary Interface Definition.” These decisions shall be binding 
on the Parties.RO L 348/16 Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 31.12.2011