Briuselis, 22.10.2004

KOM(2004)707 galutinis

KOMISIJOS KOMUNIKATAS TARYBAI IR EUROPOS PARLAMENTUI

dėl galutinio ES kovos su narkotikais strategijos ir Kovos su narkotikais veiksmų plano (2000-2004) įvertinimo

1. ES KOVOS SU NARKOTIKAIS STRATEGIJA IR ES KOVOS SU NARKOTIKAIS VEIKSMų PLANAS (2000-2004)

1999 M. KOMISIJA PASKELBė KOMUNIKATą DėL EUROPOS SąJUNGOS KOVOS SU NARKOTIKAIS VEIKSMų PLANO (2000-2004)[1]. Tuo pagrindu Helsinkio Europos Vadovų Taryba patvirtino ES kovos su narkotikais 2000-2004 m. strategiją[2]. Strategijoje raginama taikyti daugiašakį ir integruotą požiūrį į narkotikus, pagal kurį narkotikų paklausos ir pasiūlos mažinimas yra vienodai svarbios ir viena kitą stiprinančios subalansuotos strategijos dalys.

2000 m. birželio mėn. Feiros Europos Vadovų Taryboje buvo patvirtintas ES kovos su narkotikais 2000-2004 m. veiksmų planas[3]. Šiame veiksmų plane ES kovos su narkotikais strategija pritaikyta maždaug šimtui konkrečių veiksmų, kurių turėtų imtis valstybės narės, Komisija, Europos narkotikų ir narkomanijos stebėsenos centras (EMCDDA) ir Europolas.

Veiksmų plane nurodoma, kad Komisija turėtų atitinkamus vertinimus surengti strategijos įgyvendinimo viduryje ir įgyvendinus ES kovos su narkotikais 2000-2004 m. strategiją. 2002 m. lapkričio mėn. Komisija pateikė Komunikatą dėl strategijos įvertinimo jos įgyvendinimo viduryje[4].

Komunikate pateikiami galutinio įvertinimo rezultatai ir, remiantis įgyvendinant dabartinę politiką sukaupta patirtimi, padedamas pagrindas tolesnei ES kovos su narkotikais politikos raidai.

2. GALUTINIO VERTINIMO TIKSLAS IR PROCESAS

2.1. Tikslas

Galutinio vertinimo tikslas - įvertinti veiksmų plane nurodytos veiklos pasiekimus, nustatyti, kiek tokia veikla atitinka Kovos su narkotikais strategijos tikslus, ir įvertinti tiek Kovos su narkotikais strategijos, tiek veiksmų plano poveikį kovos su narkotikais padėčiai Europos Sąjungoje.

Kovos su narkotikais politikos poveikio vertinimas vis dar yra rengiamas, tačiau ši užduotis nėra lengva, kadangi Kovos su narkotikais strategijoje ir veiksmų plane nėra konkrečių kiekybinių veiklos tikslų. Vis dėlto prasidėjo poveikio vertinimo ir pagrindinių rodiklių bei priemonių, kurios ateityje galėtų tapti kokybiškais standartais tvirtinant naujas strategijas ir politikos kryptis, apibrėžimo procesas.

2.2. Procesas

Šis vertinimas buvo pradėtas 2003 m. balandžio mėn. įsteigus iniciatyvinę grupę (ją sudarė Komisijos, keturių 2003-2004 m. pirmininkaujančių valstybių narių, EMCDDA ir Europolo atstovai) galutiniam vertinimui prižiūrėti ir konsultacijoms jį atliekant teikti. Ši grupė keturis kartus susitiko, kad aptartų vertinimo priemones bei metodus ir stebėtų procesą.

2003 m. lapkričio mėn. tuometinėms valstybėms narėms buvo išsiuntinėtas klausimynas[5], kuriuo siekta gauti informacijos apie veiksmus, jų įgyvendinamus pagal veiksmų planą (1 priedas). Panaši lentelė buvo nusiųsta atitinkamoms Komisijos tarnyboms, EMCDDA ir Europolui (2 priedas).

EMCDDA ir Komisija parengė keletą teminių dokumentų, skirtų konkretiems kovos su narkotikais problematikos klausimams[6]. EMCDDA kartu su Europolu parengė momentinius statistinius duomenis, kuriuose atsispindi svarbiausia informacija apie kovos su narkotikais padėtį 1999 ir 2002-2003 m.[7]

2004 m. balandžio ir gegužės mėn. Eurobarometras atliko jaunimo požiūrio į narkotikus tyrimą[8]. Pagrindiniai gauti rezultatai yra lyginami su panašaus 2002 m. surengto tyrimo rezultatais. Be to, buvo atsižvelgta į galutinę teisėsaugos ir jos vaidmens kovojant su narkotikų prekyba ataskaitą[9], į įgyvendinimo planus, susijusius su sintetinių narkotikų tiekimu[10] ir jų paklausos bei pasiūlos mažinimu[11], į Tarybos patvirtintą ataskaitą dėl minėtų planų įgyvendinimo pažangos[12] ir kitas įgyvendintas iniciatyvas (3 priedas).

Iš įvairių šaltinių paimti duomenys buvo nagrinėjami siekiant išryškinti svarbiausius atitinkamo laikotarpio pasiekimus ir nurodyti sritis, kuriose būtina tolesnė pažanga. Jie taip pat buvo naudojami veiksmų plane išdėstytų veiksmų įgyvendinimo lygiui įvertinti ir nustatyti, kaip veiksmų plano įgyvendinimas atitinka Kovos su narkotikais strategijos tikslus. Momentiniai statistiniai duomenys suteikia pagrindą įvertinti Kovos su narkotikais strategijos ir veiksmų plano poveikį kovos su narkotikais padėčiai. Galutiniam vertinimui pateikti 1999-2004 m. birželio mėn. duomenys.

3. PAGRINDINIAI PASIEKIMAI IR SRITYS, KURIOSE BŪTINA TOLESNĖ PAŽANGA

3.1. Koordinavimas

Nacionalinio lygmens pasiekimai

- Nuo 1999 m. valstybės narės yra patvirtinusios labiau išplėtotas nacionalines kovos su narkotikais strategijas. Dauguma jų apima visą su narkotikais susijusios veiklos kompleksą.

- Valstybės narės vis labiau suvokia, kad kovos su narkotikais srityje būtinas daugiašakis koordinavimas. Visos valstybės narės pripažįsta, kad tai yra vienas svarbiausių kovos su narkotikais politikos elementų, nors ir nėra vieno bendro sąvokos "koordinavimas" apibrėžimo.

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė nacionalinio lygmens pažanga

- Nacionalinės kovos su narkotikais koordinavimo veiklą būtina išplėsti į visas kovos su narkotikais politikos sritis, įskaitant pastovias konsultacijas su pilietine visuomene.

- Išankstinis koordinavimas nacionaliniu lygmeniu (pvz., tarp visuomenės sveikatos, teisingumo ir vidaus reikalų, išorinių santykių ir biudžeto institucijų) būtų naudingas savo pozicijas Taryboje nustatančioms delegacijoms.

ES lygmens pasiekimai

- Priėmus veiksmų planą, nacionalinių kovos su narkotikais koordinatorių susitikimai vyksta dukart per metus.

- Komisija paskelbė Komunikatą dėl kovos su narkotikais koordinavimo 2003 m. Buvo aptartas dokumentas, kuriame pateikiama Horizontaliosios kovos su narkotikais grupės nuomonė dėl minėto komunikato.

Sritys, kuriose būtina ES lygmens pažanga

- Būtina užtikrinti, kad bus tinkamai įgyvendintas Komisijos komunikatas dėl kovos su narkotikais koordinavimo. Nacionalinių koordinatorių susitikimuose daugiau dėmesio turi būti skiriama konkretesniems klausimams.

- Komisija turėtų stiprinti ir supaprastinti vidinius koordinavimo mechanizmus: būtina akivaizdžiau ir veiksmingiau koordinuoti visas į kovą su narkotikais įsitraukusias tarnybas. Būtina ir toliau užtikrinti jų struktūrinius ryšius su EMCDDA.

- Tarybos darbo grupių, sprendžiančių kovos su narkotikais klausimus, atsakomybė nėra aiškiai atskirta. Horizontaliajai kovos su narkotikais grupei turi būti suteikta bendra atsakomybė už įvairių kovos su narkotikais klausimus sprendžiančių grupių darbo koordinavimą.

- Nustatant ES kovos su narkotikais politiką nėra reguliariai konsultuojamasi su piliečiais - tokios konsultacijos turi tapti pastovios. 2005 m. tam bus skirtas Komisijos komunikatas.

3.2. Informavimas ir vertinimas

Nacionalinio lygmens pasiekimai

- Daugumoje valstybių narių pagerėjo duomenų apie narkotikų padėtį pateikimas ir kokybė, taip pat sustiprėjo politinė parama, būtina konkrečiai informavimo ir vertinimo veiklai.

- Visos valstybės narės susitarė taikyti penkis pagrindinius epidemiologinius rodiklius[13] ir teikti palyginamuosius bei suvestinius duomenis.

- Kai kurios valstybės narės padarė pažangą tobulindamos priemones, skirtas reguliariam jų veiksmų kovoje su narkotikais veiksmingumui vertinti.

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė nacionalinio lygmens pažanga

- Būtina gerinti sisteminę nacionalinių kovos su narkotikais strategijų (veiksmų planų) įgyvendinimo stebėseną. Pažanga taip pat būtina siekiant užtikrinti reguliarų jų įgyvendinimo vertinimą.

- Valstybės narės turi plėtoti pastangas visiškai įdiegti epidemiologinius rodiklius.

- Būtina toliau gerinti informacijos apie viešojo sektoriaus išlaidas kovoje su narkotikais teikimą ir susijusios politikos rentabilumo koeficiento analizę.

ES lygmens pasiekimai

- Pagerėjo duomenų ir informacijos apie narkotikų padėtį pateikimas ir kokybė; tai visų pirma EMCDDA ir nacionalinių centrų nuopelnas.

- Galutinio vertinimo procesas paskatino kurti svarbiausias metodologines priemones ir steigti iniciatyvinę grupę, kuria būtų galima remtis atliekant būsimuosius ES kovos su narkotikais politikos vertinimus.

- Pagerėjo informacijos apie naujas narkotikų vartojimo tendencijas mainai - iš dalies dėl to, kad Bendrųjų kovos su sintetiniais narkotikais veiksmų struktūroje[14] buvo sukurta išankstinio perspėjimo sistema.

Sritys, kuriose būtina ES lygmens pažanga

- Trūksta informacijos apie nusikaltimus, susijusius su narkotikais; taip pat būtina aktyviau apibrėžti atitinkamus rodiklius atsižvelgiant į EMCDDA ir Europolo darbą šioje srityje.

- Būtina gerinti naujų narkotikų vartojimo tendencijų stebėjimo mechanizmus. Būtina toliau plėtoti tokių tendencijų tyrimus.

3.3. Paklausos mažinimas

Nacionalinio lygmens pasiekimai

- Visos valstybės narės aiškiai suvokia būtinybę nuo ankstyvo amžiaus taikyti prevencijos priemones. Valstybės narės yra parengusios visuotines prevencijos programas, prie kurių įgyvendinimo prisideda atitinkami ekspertai ir pilietinė visuomenė.

- Vis dažniau įgyvendinami konkretūs prevencijos projektai, kuriais siekiama kovoti su kombinuotu narkotikų vartojimu ir piktnaudžiavimu leidžiamomis bei draudžiamomis vartoti medžiagomis. Informacinės kampanijos vis dažniau yra orientuotos į tikslines grupes ir skirtos rizikos elgsenai bei apskritai priklausomybei.

- Dauguma valstybių narių įsteigė daugiau gydymo tarnybų bei padidino jų finansavimą ir išplėtė siūlomo gydymo variantų spektrą.

- Kaip rodo vis dažniau pačiose bendruomenėse nustatomos laisvės atėmimo alternatyvos ir vis plačiau siūloma psichosocialinė ir gydymo pagalba kalėjimuose, visose valstybėse narėse daugiau dėmesio skiriama narkotikus vartojantiems pažeidėjams.

- Visos valstybės narės ėmėsi tirti vairavimo apsvaigus nuo draudžiamų vartoti narkotikų bei vaistų poveikį, o kai kuriose valstybėse narėse buvo imtasi griežtesnių kontrolės priemonių.

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė nacionalinio lygmens pažanga

- Būtina reguliariau vertinti priemonių, mažinančių narkomanijos žalą sveikatai, taip pat gydymo priemonių veiksmingumą.

- Valstybės narės turi sukurti pripažįstamą profesinę kvalifikaciją narkotikų prevencijos ir narkomanijos žalos sveikatai mažinimo srityse.

ES lygmens pasiekimai

- Taryba priėmė keletą rezoliucijų narkotikų prevencijos klausimais (žr. 3 priedą).

- Per Bendrijos narkomanijos prevencijos 1996-2002 m. veiksmų programą[15] ir Naująją visuomenės sveikatos 2003-2008 m. programą[16] yra finansuojami narkotikų prevencijos projektai. Vis daugiau dėmesio skiriama gydymui.

- 2003 m. buvo priimta Tarybos rekomendacija dėl narkomanijos žalos sveikatai prevencijos ir sumažinimo[17].

- Buvo priimta Europos bendrijos kelių saugumo veiksmų programa[18] ir Tarybos rezoliucija dėl psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo poveikio kelių eismo įvykiams[19]. Abiejuose dokumentuose atsižvelgiama į alkoholio, narkotikų ir vaistų poveikį vairavimui.

Sritys, kuriose būtina ES lygmens pažanga

- ES turėtų skatinti tolesnius tyrimus, susijusius su biomedicininiais, psichosocialiniais ir kitais narkotikų vartojimą bei priklausomybę lemiančiais veiksniais, ypač srityse, kuriose tyrimai vis dar yra riboti (pvz., ilgalaikis marihuanos arba sintetinių narkotikų vartojimas).

- Būtina geriau skleisti patikimą bei aukštos kokybės informaciją ir geriausios praktikos pavyzdžius.

- Komisija atsižvelgs į pagrindinius pirmiau minėtos 2003 m. Tarybos rekomendacijos punktus.

3.4. Pasiūlos mažinimas

Nacionalinio lygmens pasiekimai

- Sukūrus ir (arba) sustiprinus įvairias struktūras ir veiklą, įskaitant bendras policijos ir (arba) muitinės tarnybų grupes, bendras teisėsaugos tarnybų operacijas ir susitarimo memorandumus, daugumoje valstybių narių pagerėjo bendradarbiavimas su teisėsaugos tarnybomis.

- Atrodo, kad daugiau valstybių narių laikosi 1988 m. JT konvencijos dėl kovos su neteisėta narkotinių ir psichotropinių medžiagų apyvarta 17 straipsnio (Neteisėta prekyba jūra) nuostatų.

- Visos valstybės narės į savo nacionalinę teisę perkėlė pirmąją Pinigų plovimo direktyvą[20], o vienuolika valstybių narių perkėlė ją iš dalies pakeičiančią direktyvą[21]. Be to, valstybės narės įdiegė naujas priemones, mažinančias pinigų plovimo mastą, įskaitant įgaliojimus prieštarauti sandoriams ir didesnius įgaliojimus kontroliuoti dideles pinigų sumas įvežančius asmenis.

- Dešimt valstybių narių perkėlė Tarybos pagrindų sprendimo dėl bendrų tyrimo grupių[22] nuostatas ir (arba) ratifikavo ES konvenciją dėl savitarpio teisinės pagalbos baudžiamosiose bylose[23] arba nurodė, kad jau galiojantys teisės aktai leidžia sudaryti tokias grupes.

- Dešimt valstybių narių ratifikavo Konvenciją dėl muitinių administracijų savitarpio pagalbos ir bendradarbiavimo ("Neapolis II")[24]. Keturiolika valstybių narių ratifikavo Konvenciją dėl informacinių technologijų naudojimo muitinės reikmėms (MIS)[25].

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė nacionalinio lygmens pažanga

- Tos valstybės narės, kurios nepranešė, kad yra sukūrusios oficialias savo nacionalinių teisėsaugos tarnybų bendradarbiavimo struktūras, turėtų apsvarstyti tokių oficialių struktūrų sukūrimo tam tikrais atvejais galimybę.

- Valstybės narės privalo parengti reikiamą tvarką, kuri joms leistų įgyvendinti 1988 m. JT konvencijos 17 straipsnio nuostatas, taip pat apsvarstyti galimybę parengti rekomendacijas dėl jų įgyvendinimo.

- Iki šiol to nepadariusios valstybės narės privalo perkelti antrąją Pinigų plovimo direktyvą[26], Tarybos pamatų sprendimą dėl bendrų tyrimo grupių ir (arba) ratifikuoti ES konvenciją dėl savitarpio teisinės pagalbos baudžiamosiose bylose ir ratifikuoti "Neapolis II" konvenciją bei MIS konvenciją.

ES lygmens pasiekimai

- Teisėsaugos tarnybų bendradarbiavimas ES lygiu pagerėjo inicijavus ir (arba) sustiprinus struktūras, Europolo bei Eurojusto veiklą ir tokią veiklą kaip bendri tyrimai, bendros muitinių operacijos, bendradarbiavimas jūroje, bendros grupės ir policijos bei muitinės bendradarbiavimo centrai.

- Buvo inicijuoti ir yra įgyvendinami keli ES projektai (pvz., CASE, EELS ir EILCS), skirti sintetinių narkotikų gamybai ir prekybai nustatyti.

- Pagal Bendruosius veiksmus prieš sintetinius narkotikus nuo 2000 m. penkioms medžiagoms visoje Europoje imta taikyti kontrolės priemones.

- Tokios ES finansavimo programos kaip AGIS[27] vaidina svarbų vaidmenį padedant valstybių narių teisėsaugos institucijoms bendradarbiauti.

- Buvo pasiektas politinis susitarimas dėl Tarybos pagrindų sprendimo, nustatančio minimalias nusikalstamos veikos sudėties ir baudų nuostatas neteisėtos prekybos narkotinėmis medžiagomis srityje[28]. Sprendimas bus priimtas artimiausiu metu.

- Buvo priimtas Europos Parlamento ir Tarybos reglamentas dėl narkotinių medžiagų pirmtakų (prekursorių) (Bendrijos vidaus prekyba)[29]. Komisija pateikė pasiūlymą dėl Tarybos reglamento dėl išorinės prekybos narkotinių medžiagų pirmtakais (prekursoriais)[30].

- OLAF palengvino svarbius informacijos, susijusios su pirmtakų neteisėto panaudojimo pavojumi, mainus ir toliau remia Yachtinfo bei Marinfo sistemas.

- Svarstoma galimybė toliau kurti nuolatinį veiksmų koordinavimo padalinį, kuris padėtų vykdyti bendras muitinės tarnybų operacijas.

- Komisija priėmė pasiūlymą dėl trečiosios Pinigų plovimo direktyvos[31].

- Priimtas Tarybos sprendimas[32] dėl finansinės žvalgybos padalinių (FŽP) keitimosi informacija.

- Keletas valstybių narių aptarinėja galimybes sudaryti bendras grupes ir suteikti papildomus plačius įgaliojimus savo policijai ir teisminėms institucijoms veikti viena kitos teritorijoje.

Sritys, kuriose būtina ES lygmens pažanga

- Valstybės narės turėtų įsteigti bendras tyrimų grupes, kurios spręstų narkotikų prekybos klausimus, kaip numatyta Tarybos pagrindų sprendime ir Konvencijoje.

- Būtina aptarti galimybę toliau plėtoti bendras valstybių narių teisėsaugos tarnybų operacijas. Apie tokių operacijų vykdymą ir jų rezultatus turi būti pranešama Tarybai ir Komisijai.

- Būtina išnagrinėti galimybes toliau plėtoti kovos su sintetinių narkotikų gamyba ir prekyba operacijas. Šio proceso atskaitos taškas galėtų būti Komisijos pasiūlymas dėl platinimo tinklų nustatymo.

- Būtina visiškai įgyvendinti Tarybos rekomendaciją dėl teisėsaugos institucijų turimų narkotikų ir neteisėtai naudojamų pirmtakų statistinių duomenų suderinimo[33].

- Europos Parlamentas ir Taryba turėtų kaip galima greičiau priimti trečiąją Pinigų plovimo direktyvą.

3.5. Plėtra

Nors plėtra buvo įgyvendinta tik likus aštuoniems mėnesiams iki Kovos su narkotikais strategijos taikymo laikotarpio pabaigos, kovos su narkotikais iniciatyvos yra ES acquis dalis. Visos naujosios valstybės narės ir dvi šalys kandidatės savanoriškai atsakė į Komisijos klausimyną[34]. Šių duomenų santrauka bus pateikta atskiroje ataskaitoje.

Pasiekimai

- PHARE programa ir kitos susijusios Bendrijos programos buvo ypač naudingos supažindinant naująsias valstybes nares ir šalis kandidates su acquis aspektais, skirtais kovai su narkotikais.

- Beveik visos valstybės narės teikia paramą naujosioms valstybėms narėms sprendžiant narkomanijos ir prekybos narkotikais problemas. Valstybės narės panašią pagalbą teikia ir šalims kandidatėms.

- Visos naujosios valstybės narės į savo nacionalinę teisę perkėlė kovai su narkotikais skirtus acquis elementus, o šalys kandidatės tai daro šiuo metu.

- Acquis TVR skyrius preliminariai uždarytas derybose su Bulgarija, o derybose su Rumunija daroma pažanga.

- Buvo inicijuoti susitarimai su Bulgarija, Rumunija ir Turkija dėl dalyvavimo EMCDDA darbe.

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė pažanga

- Būtina glaudžiau bendradarbiauti su naujosiomis valstybėmis narėmis ir šalimis kandidatėmis įgyvendinant acquis nuostatas dėl kovos su narkotikais.

- Naujosios valstybės narės turėtų visokeriopai pasinaudoti AGIS ir kitomis atitinkamomis programomis, kad joms būtų lengviau bendradarbiauti su kitomis valstybėmis narėmis.

- Būtina užtikrinti, kad kuo greičiau įsigaliotų susitarimai su trimis šalimis kandidatėmis, kad jos galėtų dalyvauti EMCDDA veikloje.

- Ir toliau turi būti naudojamasi PHARE programa ir kitomis Bendrijos programomis teikiant paramą šalims kandidatėms kovos su narkotikais srityje.

3.6. Tarptautinis bendradarbiavimas

Nacionaliniu lygmens Pasiekimai

- Paramą trečiosioms šalims kovos su narkotikais srityje valstybės narės teikia dvišaliu pagrindu ir (arba) per Jungtinių Tautų Narkotikų ir nusikaltimų prevencijos biurą (UNODC).

- Kai kurios valstybės narės bendradarbiauja su trečiosiomis šalimis, siekdamos plėtoti ir tobulinti kovos su pinigų plovimu sistemas.

Sritys, kuriose būtina tolesnė nacionalinio lygmens pažanga

- Visos valstybės narės turėtų sistemiškai teikti informaciją į Komisijos sukurtą duomenų bazę apie techninės paramos projektus valstybėse kandidatėse ir trečiosiose šalyse kovos su narkotikais srityje.

- Valstybės narės privalo reguliariai informuoti Tarybą ir Komisiją apie savo dvišalę veiklą trečiosiose šalyse ir regionuose.

ES lygmens pasiekimai

- Komisija daugiausia dėmesio skiria dviem pagrindiniams narkotikų gabenimo į ES keliams.

- Komisija reguliariai informuoja Tarybą apie trečiosiose šalyse ir (arba) regionuose savo teikiamą paramą kovos su narkotikais srityje ir apie patobulintą integruotą procesą, per kurį ji finansuoja kovos su narkotikais projektus trečiosiose šalyse ir (arba) regionuose.

- Europos kaimynystės politikos kontekste su keliomis šalimis yra aptariami veiksmų planai. Paprastai į šiuos planus yra įtraukiamas kovai su narkotikais skirtas skyrius.

- Visuose atitinkamuose Bendrijos ir ES išoriniuose susitarimuose yra konkrečios nuostatos dėl kovos su narkotikais.

Sritys, kuriose būtina ES lygmens pažanga

- Valstybės narės bei Komisija turėtų ir toliau užtikrinti koordinuotą ES poziciją tarptautiniuose forumuose, sprendžiančiuose kovos su narkotikais klausimus, ypač JT Narkotinių medžiagų kontrolės komisijoje.

- Paramą kovos su narkotikais srityje, teikiamą Vidurinei Azijai, Lotynų Amerikai, Karibų jūros regiono ir Vakarų Balkanų šalims, valstybės narės bei Komisija ir toliau privalo sieti su minėtuose regionuose tvirtinamais kovos su narkotikais veiksmų planais. Šiuo atžvilgiu būtų galima apsvarstyti atitinkamą finansavimo mechanizmą.

- Būtina užtikrinti sąsają tarp naujų ES kovos su narkotikais veiksmų planų įvairiems pasaulio regionams tvirtinimo ir išteklių jų įgyvendinimui asignavimo.

- Valstybių narių ekspertai kovos su narkotikais srityje turėtų ir toliau aktyviai kelti kovos su narkotikais klausimus rengiant ir (arba) svarstant šalių ir (arba) regionų planavimo dokumentus. Būtina geriau koordinuoti geografinių darbo grupių ir Horizontaliosios kovos su narkotikais darbo grupės veiklą.

- Būtina stebėti naujas nepaprastąsias padėtis bei tendencijas, susijusias su narkotikų naudojimu ir gamyba konkrečiose šalyse ir (arba) regionuose, ir į jas atsižvelgti.

- Būtina visokeriopai išnaudoti egzistuojančius tarptautinio bendradarbiavimo kovos su narkotikais srityje mechanizmus, tokius kaip Dublino grupė.

4. IšVADOS

I. Veiksmų plane nurodytos veiklos įgyvendinimo vertinimas

- Apie 95 procentai ES kovos su narkotikais veiksmų plane išdėstytų veiksmų yra įgyvendinta arba įgyvendinama.

- ES kovos su narkotikais strategija ir veiksmų planas tapo pagrindiniu veiklos šioje srityje atskaitos tašku ir kovos su narkotikais veiklos bei iniciatyvų pagrindu nacionaliniu ir ES lygmeniu.

- Beveik visos valstybės narės priėmė nacionalines kovos su narkotikais strategijas arba veiksmų planus. Šiose nacionalinėse kovos su narkotikais strategijose ir veiksmų planuose esama nemažai bendra suES požiūriu, išdėstytu ES kovos su narkotikais strategijoje ir veiksmų plane.

II. Veiksmų plano pasiekimų įgyvendinant Kovos su narkotikais strategijos tikslus įvertinimas

- Beveik nėra abejonių, kad veiksmų plano veiklos įgyvendinimas daugiau ar mažiau prisidėjo prie ES kovos su narkotikais strategijos vienuolikos tikslų įgyvendinimo.

III. Poveikio narkotikų situacijai vertinimas

- Padaryta tam tikra pažanga įgyvendinant kai kuriuos ES kovos su narkotikais strategijos tikslus (2 uždavinys, ypač 3 uždavinys)[35].

- Vertinimo priemonės nesuteikia pakankamai įrodymų, kurie leistų tvirtinti, kad buvo pasiektas 1 uždavinio tikslas smarkiai sumažinti narkotikų vartojimo paplitimą arba kad sumažėjo narkotikus vartojančių jaunų žmonių. Tačiau iš momentinių duomenų galima spręsti, kad narkotikų vartojimo vis didesnio plitimo tendencija stabilizuojasi, nors šis paplitimas šiuo metu yra kaip niekada didelis.

- Be to, turima informacija neleidžia teigti, kad smarkiai sumažėjo galimybių įsigyti narkotikų (4 uždavinys). Tuo pat metu ir 4, ir 5 uždavinys paskatino imtis keleto ES lygio iniciatyvų, kurios sustiprino teisėsaugos tarnybų priemones kovoje su prekyba narkotikais ir jų tiekimu.

- Taip pat yra pradėta įgyvendinti kelias svarbias kovos su pinigų plovimu iniciatyvas (6.1 uždavinys). 6.2 uždavinio srityje valstybės narės įgyvendina kelias svarbias kovos su neteisėtu pirmtakų naudojimu iniciatyvas, pvz., Europos bendroji prekursorių tarnyba. Pateikti svarbūs pasiūlymai, kaip pataisyti Bendrijos pirmtakų prekybos kontrolės srities teisės aktus.

5. PASIŪLYMAI

- Būsimojoje ES kovos su narkotikais strategijoje turi būti numatyti aiškūs ir konkretūs tikslai bei prioritetai, kuriuos būtų galima perkelti į būsimųjų veiksmų planų veiklos rodiklius ir veiksmus, aiškiai apibrėžiant atsakomybę už jų įgyvendinimą ir įgyvendinimo terminus. Nustatant šiuos tikslus ir prioritetus būtina atsižvelgti į informacines sistemas ir vertinimo priemones.

- Būtina siekti tolesnės pažangos užtikrinant geresnį informacijos, susijusios su narkotikų padėties stebėsena, pateikimą, kokybę ir palyginimą.

- 2005 m. pradžioje Komisija pateiks pasiūlymą dėl 2005-2008 m. kovos su narkotikais veiksmų plano. Be to, Komisija parengs metinę šio veiksmų plano įgyvendinimo pažangos apžvalgą ir 2008 m. surengs poveikio vertinimą, rengdamasi pasiūlyti antrąjį, 2009-2012 m. veiksmų planą. 2009-2012 m. Komisija ir toliau rengs metines pažangos ataskaitas. 2012 m. Komisija surengs bendrą ES kovos su narkotikais strategijos ir veiksmų planų vertinimą, kuris bus pateiktas Tarybai ir Europos Parlamentui.

- Naujos kovos su narkotikais strategijos ir veiksmų plano tikslai turi atsispindėti daugiametėje programoje, skirtoje laisvės, saugumo ir teisingumo erdvei įtvirtinti.

- Tarybos Horizontaliosios kovos su narkotikais grupės veikloje daugiausia dėmesio turi būti skiriama pastangoms skatinti bei stebėti būsimuosiuose ES kovos su narkotikais veiksmų planuose numatytos veiklos įgyvendinimą, ir ši grupė turi vaidinti vieną svarbiausių vaidmenų koordinuojant kitų Tarybos grupių, sprendžiančių kovos su narkotikais klausimais, veiklą.

- Kovos su narkotikais srityje yra vykdoma įvairi įdomi ir naudinga veikla. Būtina plačiau informuoti apie šios veiklos rezultatus, kad ir kituose regionuose būtų skatinama panaši veikla. Šiame kontekste būtina apsvarstyti galimybę surengti metinį seminarą apie kovos su narkotikais politikos aspektus, susijusius su tokia veikla.

- Į šį galutinį vertinimą būtina atsižvelgti rengiant naują 2005-2012 m. ES kovos su narkotikais strategiją.

ANNEX 1

Summary of 15 Member States responses to the questionnaire on the implementation of the EU Action Plan on Drugs (2000-2004)

1. Co-ordination

1.2.2 What steps has your country taken towards the establishment or the strengthening of the national co-ordination mechanisms since 1999? Has your country appointed a National Drugs Co-ordinator in the related period? Does your country envisage carrying out or has your country carried out an evaluation of the co-ordination mechanisms?

All Member States recognise the importance of coordinating the activities of the multiple actors involved in the drugs issue. They report to have mechanisms in place for coordinating their national drugs policies. Member States have adopted different models of coordination, depending on their national administrative structures and on the aspects of the fight against drugs they intend to focus on; some have interdepartmental committees, some have appointed national drug coordinators (e.g. France, Germany, Luxembourg, Portugal, Italy, Spain and Sweden) and/or established dedicated coordination units or bodies (e.g. Austria, Greece, Ireland, Finland). Some, however, lack coordination mechanisms that cover all aspects. Few Member States provide for evaluation of their coordination mechanisms.

1.2.4 In what way has your country ensured a balanced and multidisciplinary approach in national drugs programmes and policies and their implementation?

The importance of maintaining a multidisciplinary and balanced approach is clearly recognised by all Member States. Most have adopted a national plan or strategy on drugs (Belgium Denmark, Greece, Finland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Portugal, Spain and the UK).

1.3.2 Has your country developed a specific strategy for co-operation with civil society regarding drug abuse? Please give details.

Most Member States make provisions for involving civil society in the fields of prevention, health care and treatment, mainly at local level. Most of them also consult civil society on an ad hoc basis, e.g. for specific projects. Many Member States mention financial support for community groups and organisations as a way of cooperating with civil society.

Some countries (Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden) have more regular contacts with the networks of NGOs, the voluntary sector, associations, etc. These countries recognise the importance of linking policy making and practice through dialogue with civil society, but also refer to the supporting work done by these organisations to influence public opinion.

1.4.2. In which way has your country encouraged the provision of funding for the prevention of drug use, the prevention of drug related crime, the reduction of the negative health and social consequences of drugs and other proactive measures?

Public expenditure on prevention and risk reduction programmes and measures are different from one country to another depending on the national administrative structure, ministerial budgets and social security systems. Some Member States (Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, and United Kingdom) indicate an increase of funding for drug-demand reduction.

1.5 In which way has your country shared information with other Member States on national strategies and action plans? Has your country made use of the EMCDDA database on drug laws, the Falcone and OISIN programmes or any other tools for information exchange and operational co-operation? Please describe.

Member States consider other national measures, strategies and action plans as useful examples for orienting their own national debate. Very often information exchange is made via bilateral contacts and visits. The Horizontal Drugs Group and the meetings of the national coordinators are recognised as important occasions to share information and views.

All Member States acknowledge the importance of learning from the others and quote internet as an important source of information. Most of them report regular input and consultation of the EMCDDA databases (EDDRA, ELDD).

As far as law enforcement information sharing is concerned, most Member States mention the Europol national liaison officers. All Member States were able to take part in joint projects co-financed by the Commission's OISIN and/or the Falcone programmes. Since 2003 XXX (can we give a figure??) have received funding under the new AGIS programme[36].

2. Information and Evaluation

2.1.1 and 2.1.4 Does your country fully or partly provide information on the 5 key epidemiological indicators of the EMCDDA? If your country does not fully provide information on the 5 key epidemiological indicators when do you believe you will be in a position to do so? Please give brief description of the evolution of political and financial support to implement the 5 harmonised key indicators.

All Member States have established systems for the gathering and treatment of data which will provide comparable and reliable data on the 5 key epidemiologic indicators, and most Member States are able to provide (partial) information on all indicators. In order to improve the data quality of the used sources and to alleviate the lack of information on some indicators, Member States have introduced the necessary amendments in their legislative systems, organised special workgroups composed of representatives from various Ministries, services, and NGOs specialised in the fight against drugs and actively participated in EMCDDA workshops In most Member States, political and financial support provided by the government for establishing the five indicators (particularly through the national budget to the REITOX Network) is considered sufficient.

2.2.6 and 2.2.7 Which measures are used in your country to assess the effectiveness of preventing and combating organised drug related crime? What kind of crime and policy indicators has your country developed? Has your country drafted an annual assessment on the role of organised crime groups involved in drug trafficking?

No unanimity exists among member States on the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive actions and measures to fight organised crime related to drug-trafficking, but all annual reports include statistics which illustrate the number of confiscations and their quantities, the share of dismantled clandestine laboratories, the number of arrests, the number of drug-related deaths and other indicators of repressive actions by the relevant agencies. Member States contribute to the annual EU Organised Crime report, which includes a section on drugs, in accordance with the criteria set out in Enfopol 35 Rev 2 (21.4.1997).

Some Member States undertake further research on the linkage between drug phenomena and criminal activities, e.g. Ireland's public surveys on the nature of the policing, the visibility and perception of crime, including drug related crime.

3. Reduction of Demand, Prevention of Drug Use and of Drug Related Crime

3.1.1.1 Does your country have general programmes for the prevention of both licit and illicit drug use, including poly-drug use? In which way, if any, does your country encourage the inclusion of drug use prevention in school curricula? Are there programmes set-up to assist parents? If yes, please describe briefly.

Member States underline the importance of prevention, and the need for better and accurate information campaigns and prevention programmes focused on the promotion of health as well as on the personal and social development of the young people.

Prevention programmes can involve, among many other measures, the creation of prevention centres, specific training for experts and civil society (teachers, parents, support organisations...), health professionals and even representatives of the law enforcement services, working in the school environment and among young people. The importance of regular cooperation with young people's associations, sports clubs, as well as taking preventive actions in nightclubs and major music and dance events are also stressed, in a way to promote healthy initiatives. Frequently decentralised, organised at local level in collaboration with the local autorities and the civil society, whit a short duration, they address to youngsters and other target groups.

Specific prevention projects aimed at tackling the poly-drug use and the abuse of licit substances (alcohol, tobacco, doping substances and medicinal products) are more and more implemented in all Member States.

Member States agree on the effectiveness of school based drug education programme, but only a few countries (France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, and UK) have clear references to illicit substances and their effects inscribed on the schools curriculum.

3.1.1.3 Could you describe the way your country allocated resources for positive alternatives to drugs for youngsters, in particular in socially deprived urban areas?

Member States have many projects on positive alternatives to drug use specifically targeted on older children and adolescents in disadvantaged urban areas, namely through the creation of youth consultation centres that provide recreational, sports and educational activities with job counselling.

The budget allocated to these prevention projects came from different sources: health, youth or social services, youth organisations as well as local projects supported by local authorities. Sweden gives precise details on amounts allocated.

3.1.1.4 Could you mention and describe briefly a particularly innovative approach to the prevention of the abuse of synthetic drugs developed in your country?

Member States are stressing their concern for the increasing popularity of synthetic drugs in the European Union and underline the importance of school-based programmes and information campaigns aimed at young people, but also on the internet, in all media, as well as dance clubs and music festivals. The distribution of informative material, the implementation of risk reduction measures at parties, pill testing and cooperation with owners of night clubs, medical staff and police are also mentioned.

3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.6, 3.1.2.7 Has your country developed outreach work and/or easy accessible services for drug users? Which steps were taken to increase access and availability of services designed to reach drug abusers who were not integrated or covered by mainstream services? Please describe these briefly. Which were the strategies for vaccinating drug users against hepatitis A and B?

Several Member States have adopted integrated policies for risk reduction which propose low-threshold services, such as programmes for syringe exchange, condom distribution, access to substitution treatments and drug consumption rooms. Certain high risk groups such as addicted pregnant women, homeless people, prostitutes and prison inmates can benefit from specific programmes. Vaccination against Hepatitis B, prevention and treatment of contagious diseases linked to intravenous drug abuse has been recognised as priorities by all Member States.

3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3, 3.3.1 Please report briefly on any awareness raising campaigns carried out on the dangers related to drug use as well as on major programmes on the reduction of risks and consequences related to use. Do the actions target all age groups, in particular children and young people? In what sense have these campaigns been innovative and have made use of new means of communication such as, for example, the Internet?

All Member states underline the importance of information/awareness campaigns on drug related risks and organise regular campaigns in the media for the general public, as well as specific ones directed at target groups. Campaigns aimed at specific substances (cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy...) are also mentioned. The spread of hotlines on drugs and the use of internet in the field of demand reduction seem to be increasing in all countries.

Sweden gives a number of examples of messages aimed at young at young people in different campaign contexts. Finland mentionnes a specific emphasis in the use of internet in drug demand reduction.

3.1.2.4 In which way does your country ensure that enough attention is paid to drug related issues in training and education of doctors, social workers and other professionals in the health and social sector? Are they included in the curricula of the education of these professionals?

Training of teachers, social workers, health professionals, and law enforcement representatives is a priority in all Member States and budgets have been allocated for this purpose. In several countries (Ireland, France, Germany, Portugal), specialisations in addiction, alcoholism, , and new substitution treatments are organised within the context of university courses.

3.1.2.5 Has any research been carried out in your country about the effects of driving under the influence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals? If yes, could you please summarize the results which could be relevant for policy decisions?

Several Member States (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, The Netherlands, Finland and UK) announced having undertaken research on driving under the influence of illegal substances, or in association with alcohol and/or medicines. In many cases legislation was reviewed and controls and sanctions reinforced. On the other hand, even though testing for alcohol is compulsory, testing drivers involved in accidents for narcotics is not yet systematic.

3.1.3.1 Which are the types of treatment services for drugs users, and measures to assist severely dependent individuals, including measures to reduce the health related damages provided in your country? Please describe briefly

In accordance with their national situation and legislation, Member States have diversified drug care systems, which can include day-care centres, detoxification units, therapeutic communities, substitution centres, aftercare programmes and special units in prisons. Frequently carried out at local level and in collaboration with NGO's, they are directed towards different age groups, gender specific needs and drug dependent people in different stages of dependence.

Some Member States have also underlined the existence of drug consumption rooms and programmes of medical heroin delivery (Belgium, Germany).

3.1.3.2 Which are the average waiting periods for accessing treatment in your country?

Member States indicate that, after investments in treatment services mainly at local level, there are no waiting periods for accessing treatment other than for residential treatment and substitution treatment.

3.1.3.3 Has your country defined guidelines for the standards and goals of treatment services, and ensured the evidence-based evaluation of these treatments? If yes, please briefly describe the outcome. Does your country have a national protocol on treatment assessment?

The majority of Member States has not developed models for the systematic and global evaluation of drug treatment. However, scientific research on the effectiveness of the proposed measures is undertaken using the monitoring of drug-addicts under treatment (among other indicators).

3.1.3.4 In which way does your country ensure that adequate attention is paid to the social and professional integration of former addicts? Please describe briefly the most relevant measures adopted in this area, including any projects implemented under the Community Programmes between 1999 and 2003

The professional and social integration of drug addicts, considered very important by all Member States, is promoted in co-operation with NGO's, local authorities and the business community, to provide for educational programmes, vocational training and special employment opportunities for ex-addicts. The Netherlands and UK underline the programmes aimed at tackling this issue within the criminal justice system and the measures to prepare the drug misusing offender reintegration into the labour market.

3.2.2 Have the resources for research into the biomedical and social causes of addiction, prevention and behavioural patterns of drug consumption been modified during the reference period?

Several Member States indicate that they do not have exact figures for functions allocated to drug research, by the government departments, universities, NGOs, and research institutes. Nevertheless, they stress the importance of studies on epidemiology, public health and social sciences in achieving a better definition of public policies.

3.2.3 Has your country identified new areas where it is considered useful to implement actions at the European level to contribute to reduce drug-related harm?

New consumption trends, international and trans-border cooperation are areas generally identified as deserving greater attention within the EU.

3.3.2 How has your country addressed risk behaviour and addiction in general, including aspects of alcohol, medicine, substances used for doping in sport and tobacco use?

Member States' strategies and policies are increasingly geared towards addictions in general, linking licit and illicit drugs, with special measures concerning alcohol, tobacco, doping substances and abuse of medicinal products. Belgium also takes into account gambling and food dependency.

3.4.1.1 What programmes have been set-up in your country to promote best practices in the prevention of criminal activities linked with drugs, juvenile and urban delinquency?

The prevention of drug related crime, juvenile and urban delinquency is a priority for Member States which have allocated funds for programmes based on in-service training of police and other prevention agents, information campaigns on drugs and measures for the development of a healthy lifestyle through sports, leisure and educational activities, acquisition of specific skills, implementation of peer groups, counselling/follow up, cultural activities, and treatment/counselling activities.

In the Netherlands, the project "Communities that care", which involves civil society, aims to create a safe and liveable environment for young people.

3.4.2 and 3.4.3 Could you describe the mechanisms in place to provide alternatives to Prison (in particular for young offenders). Which measures have been foreseen to provide drug prevention and treatment services and, where appropriate, measures to reduce health damages in prisons and upon release from prison?

In several Member States(Portugal, Denmark...), depending the penal system and on the basis of the voluntary acceptance of treatment, a large spectrum of alternative measures is proposed to drug addicts in order to avoid incarceration: financial penalties and administrative sanctions, community work, vocational training and follow-up, etc.

In view of the high level of drug consumption in prisons, some countries have introduced risk reduction measures, such as vaccination programmes, needles exchange, drug free rooms, substitution treatments by methadone, etc.

3.4.4 Please mention the main examples of sharing with other Member States best practices on the handling of drugs addicts in the justice system. In what way were the results of the study prepared by the EMCDDA in this field considered by your country

Some Member States refer to sharing best practices in the treatment of drug addicts in the justice system through active participation in the European Union Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) and the European Network Drugs Services in Prison (ENDSP), as well as cooperation with other Member States within the EMCDDA and the Pompidou Group.

The study of the EMCDDA is referred to by only few countries.

3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3 In view of the need to develop expertise in the prevention of drug use, has your country promoted the creation of co-ordinated qualification skills in this area? What has been done in order to encourage the development and implementation of a network of trainers and other professionals in the health and social sector? How have the best practices been promoted and brought to the attention of other Member States and the Commission?

Training of prevention agents is deemed paramount in all Member States, although efforts must still be made to create formal qualifications.

In the context of health promotion strategies, expert networks and specialised training centres have been established to ensure permanent training of the various prevention agents.

Several Member States underline the role of the EDDRA and EMCDDA networks, of the Pompidou Group and of the HDG in the exchange of information on prevention.

4. Supply Reduction

4.1.1.1 Please indicate which measures your country has applied to ensure a high and uniform level of security at the external borders of the EU in relation to drugs.

Within Member States the law enforcement services involved in combating drug trafficking are involved in close co-operation. This co-operation can take the form of joint groups of risk analysis, a network of "contact points" between the relevant services, special teams of police and customs officers, a "coastal-watch" programme involving police, customs and the maritime rescue service, memoranda of understanding and operational protocols between the relevant services.

In order to ensure a high level of security at the EU's external borders, Member State law enforcement services use a range of equipment such as drug detection scanners, patrol vessels, and drug detector dogs. Member States also refer to the training provided to law enforcement personnel in combating drug trafficking.

Co-operation also takes place between the law enforcement services of different Member States. For example, there are police/customs co-operation centres, joint customs operations, and participation in training courses by one Member State in those hosted by another Member State. The Convention on mutual assistance and co-operation between customs administrations (Naples II) is also seen to have potential as a tool for cross-border co-operation.

4.1.1.3 Has your country, taking into account the existing EU systems for exchange of information and working with other Member States in the relevant Council bodies, reinforced its efforts against maritime drug trafficking? Has your country organised training courses on the identification and surveillance of suspicious vessels, and have you established procedures for boarding and searching vessels? Has your country implemented the principles laid down in Article 17 of the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances? If so, please describe briefly how this has been done.

A number of Member States have indicated that they are in a position to operate in accordance with the provisions of Article 17 of the 1988 UN Convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances or have incorporated Article 17 or parts of Article 17 into national law (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands).

Member States refer to a number of techniques used for combating maritime drug trafficking such as risk profiling, ship surveillance and vessel search techniques. Use is made of the maritime information systems such as MAR-INFO and YACHTINFO in order to exchange information on suspected drug trafficking and on drug seizures. Maritime co-operation between Member States has led to the capture of ships which were used for drug smuggling and the seizure of illicit drugs.

Some Member States indicate that they have training courses in the field of combating maritime drug trafficking or such training is included as a part of the training provided to the relevant personnel (France, Germany, Ireland, and the Netherlands). One Member State (France) indicates that it has established a guide regarding the implementation of Article 17 of the 1988 UN Convention against illicit traffic in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.

4.1.1.4 Has your country, with the support of Europol, examined the means to combine forensic and law enforcement information in order to identify the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs and those involved in their production and trafficking? What are the results of this analysis?

At national level, Member States combine forensic and law enforcement information in order to identify the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs. In, at least, one Member State (France) a sharing of databases between the relevant law enforcement agencies containing scientific information on synthetic drugs is to be developed.

Many Member States emphasise the importance of the various EU projects aimed at identifying the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs such as CASE, Synthes-lab, EELS, EILCS, and CHEDDAR

4.1.1.5 Has the co-operation between police, customs and judicial authorities been improved in your country in the drugs field? Has your country participated in EU Third Pillar Programmes in the field of co-operation between these authorities? Please give details, in particular of the results and benefits of such programmes for your country.

Member State police and customs services participate in joint enforcement operations and investigations against drug traffickers, joint training courses and have appointed police/custom liaison officers. Some Member States have permanent joint police/customs teams (France, Germany, the Netherlands). Greece refers to its Central Anti-Drug Coordination Body with police and customs representation and the UK refers to its Concerted Inter-Agency Drugs Action Group.

Training courses and seminars aimed at improving police, customs and judicial co-operation at EU level have received funding from the European Commission under various programmes. In the Nordic Member States police and customs collaboration takes place within a specific framework PTN (Police and Customs Co-operation in the Nordic Countries).

4.1.1.6 Has your country implemented the project-based EU law enforcement strategy against transnational organised crime to combat drug trafficking? Please describe briefly.

Techniques used to combat organised crime include surveillance, infiltration and phone-taping. Investigations into the activities of trans-national organised crime groups involved in the distribution of drugs have taken place. These investigations have involved the law enforcement authorities of several Member States. Member States also participate in relevant Europol Analysis Work Files (AWFs) such as Mustard, Cola and Genesis.

4.1.2.2 and 4.1.2.3 What measures has your country taken against money laundering? How does the analysis and exchange of information between your Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and other FIUs work?

All MS have transposed into national law Directive 91/308/CEE of the Council of 10 June 1991 on prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering and 11 (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, and the UK) have transposed Directive 2001/97/CE of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001 amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC. In addition, Member States have introduced new measures to reduce money laundering such as powers to oppose the execution of a transaction and increased powers for the control of travellers who import large sums of money.

Council Decision of 17 December 2000 relative to the exchange of information between the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of the Member States provides a primary framework for the exchange of information between the FIUs of the Member States. 8 Member States utilise the FIU-Net as a means of exchanging information between FIUs. Individual Member States also exchange information with third country FIUs. This exchange of information often takes place under the auspices of signed Memoranda of Understanding which generally are developed in accordance with the principles of the Egmont Group. The Egmont Secure Web is also utilised as a secure communication network.

Some Member States also refer to the 40 Recommendations of the FATF (Financial Action Task Force), the Council Framework Decision on money laundering, identifying, tracing, freezing and confiscation of criminal assets and the proceeds of crime and the Council of Europe Convention on laundering, search, seizure and confiscation of the proceeds of crime.

4.1.2.6 What type of training for customs and police does your country provide in view of combating the diversion of chemical precursors, including possibly the assistance of the Commission and EUROPOL?

Law enforcement officers receive training in combating the diversion of precursors through stand alone courses or through courses related to combating synthetic drugs production and trafficking. Some Member States refer to the assistance provided by Europol in this regard.

4.2.1 Please describe the joint investigative units which have been established in your country between police, customs and other law enforcement agencies specifically responsible for tackling drug trafficking.

Some Member States have permanent joint police/customs teams. Other law enforcement authorities may be represented on these teams. In other Member States joint police/customs investigations take place as the need arises.

4.2.2 Please describe the measures your country has taken, with the assistance of Europol where appropriate, to reinforce co-operation with other Member States against drug trafficking. In particular, please mention if any joint teams with other Member States have been established when dealing with drug trafficking between Member States. If no such teams have been established, please explain why this is the case.

Co-operation between Member States against drug trafficking generally takes place through exchanges of information, joint investigations or law enforcement co-operation in border areas. Some Member States have established a joint police/customs team to combat drug trafficking on road and rail routes between them. 6 Member States (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK) together with Europol are involved in a European Joint Unit to combat serious criminal activity in the field of precursor chemical diversion.

A number of Member States have transposed into national law the provisions of the Council Framework Decision on joint investigation teams and/or have ratified the EU Convention on Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters or have indicated that legislation in place already enables the setting up of such teams (Austria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). However, joint investigation teams, as provided for in the Framework Decision or the Convention, dealing with drug trafficking between Member States have not been established. Some Member States are involved in discussions with regard to forming joint investigation teams and giving their police and judicial authorities additional, more far-reaching powers to operate on each other's territories.

4.2.3 Please describe the measures your country has taken to promote regional co-operation with other Member States affected by similar drug problems.

A number of Member States (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Spain) have created police and custom co-operation centres on their common borders. Regional systems of exchange of information have been established by, for example, a permanent liaison bureau and the appointment of joint superintendents. Police officers from one Member States participate in police officer meetings of another Member State (Belgium and the Netherlands). In addition, a number of Member States have adopted a co-ordinated regional approach to combating drug tourism (Belgium, France, Luxembourg and the Netherlands). The Nordic Member States are part of a regional law enforcement co-operation known as PTN with a significant focus on combating drug-related crime. These Member States and Germany are also part of the Task Force on Organised Crime in the Baltic Sea Region.

4.2.5 In what way does your country promote new investigation techniques, research and documentation of drug related crime?

Member States use investigation techniques such as controlled deliveries, undercover agents, simulated purchases in combating drug trafficking and drug related crime. Some Member States have at their disposal tools such as a specialist research centre, a national network of drug experts and a computerised system for the collection, development and analysis of data on operations against the illegal traffic in drugs. A number of Member States refer to research carried out or being carried out on drug-related crime.

5. International

5.1.3 During the reference period, which Candidate Countries has your country supported, with technical assistance and/or finance where necessary, in their efforts to counter drug abuse and drug trafficking?

Almost all Member States have provided assistance to the candidate countries in their efforts to combat drug abuse and trafficking. This assistance has taken a number of forms such as:

Participation in the PHARE programme and in particular in twinning projects under this programme;

Organisation of study visits and seminars and provision of training to law enforcement officers;

The signing of bilateral co-operation agreements in relation to internal security matters;

Funding to the Council of Europe's Pompidou Group in the framework of training in drug demand reduction interventions provided to Central and Eastern European countries;

Provision of financial assistance to drug related projects in candidate countries; and

Provision of technical assistance and equipment.

5.1.5 Has your country implemented the pre-accession pact on organised crime and extended it to all applicant countries?

A number of Member States refer to the utilisation of the PHARE programme in the implementation of the Pre-accession pact on organised crime and to the Council working group with responsibility for overseeing its implementation. In the context of the Pre-accession Pact contact points have been established.

5.2.2 and 5.2.3 How has your country co-ordinated its projects in third countries with other countries, multilateral and international organisations to enable their assessment? In this framework, has the co-operation with multilateral and international organisations been strengthened where this would increase the effectiveness of the actions carried out?

Member States provide drug-related assistance to third countries on a bilateral basis and/or through the UNODC. Some Member States (Austria, France, Germany, Sweden, and the UK) indicate that they co-ordinate their bilateral projects with other Member States, multilateral and international organisations. A number of Member States refer to the provision of information to the Commission on drug-related assistance to third countries. The Dublin Group and the "major donors group" of the UNODC are cited as primary mechanisms for co-ordination and for strengthening co-operation with multilateral and international institutions. In this regard Member States also refer to their membership of or observer status to the UN Commission on Narcotic Drugs, the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, CICAD and the work of the Paris Pact initiative. In the context of co-operation with Latin America and the Caribbean some Member States refer to the Co-ordination and Co-operation Mechanism on Drugs between the EU, Latin America and the Caribbean.

5.2.4 What resources have been made available for third countries for the implementation of programmes and projects for supply reduction and demand reduction? In what way have the projects undertaken been reported to the Horizontal Drugs Group of the Council?

Many Member States provide financial assistance to demand reduction and/or supply reduction projects in third countries. Most of these countries indicate that the Commission and the Council's Horizontal Drugs Group are kept informed of their drug-related assistance to third countries.

5.2.5 Please describe in what way, in relations with non-candidate and non-European countries, all relevant Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) instruments take full account of the aims of the EU-Drug Strategy.

A number of Member States (Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK) affirm that in their relations with non-candidate and non-European countries in the framework of the Common Foreign and Security Policy they take account of the objectives of the EU Drugs Strategy.

5.2.6 Has your country drawn up an action plan on drugs co-operation with North Africa and implemented fully the action plans on Latin America and the Caribbean and Central Asia?

No Member State has drawn up an action plan on drugs with North Africa. With regard to the implementation of the plans with Latin America and the Caribbean and Central Asia, Member States refer to the training, technical and financial assistance they provide and law enforcement operational co-operation.

5.2.7 Please describe the measures, if any, your country has taken to help non-EU countries and regions to develop their anti-money laundering systems

A number of Member States refer to co-operation with non-EU countries to develop and improve anti-money laundering systems under the auspices of the Egmont Group (Belgium, France, and Greece) and to participation in the work of the Council of Europe's anti-money laundering programme PC-R-EV recently renamed Moneyval (Belgium and the Netherlands). Member States also refer to participation in the PHARE anti-money laundering programme and in initiatives of the FATF (Financial Action Task Force). Other assistance provided by Member States include study visits by/to non-EU Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), participation in IMF and World Bank evaluations, financial support and observer status in FATF regional bodies.

5.2.8 Please describe the tools used to support the development of a common international set of indicators in the field of demand reduction and to promote a common standard for national reporting to international organisations

Many Member States refer to their participation in the work of the EMCDDA in the development of a common international set of indicators in the demand reduction field. Member States also refer to the work of the Pompidou Group and the UN and to all of these bodies in the context of promoting a common standard for national reporting to international organisations.

5.2.9 Please describe the measures used by your country to integrate drugs as a cross-sectional issue into supranational co-operation schemes (particularly with the developing countries)

Member States affirm that they see drugs as being a cross-sectional issue and stress the importance of dialogue on this issue within bodies such as the Dublin Group and the UN.

ANNEX 2

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU ACTION PLAN ON DRUGS 2000-2004:

FOLLOW-UP TABLE FOR THE COMMISSION, THE EMCDDA AND EUROPOL [37]

+++++ TABLE +++++

ANNEX 3

Instruments of the European Union in the field of drugs (2000 - 2004).

A. Instruments of the EU adopted during the period 1 January 2000 - 31 July 2004.

- Council Resolution on cannabis. CORDROGUE 59 - 07.07.2004

- Progress report in relation to the Implementation Plans on Demand and Supply Reduction of Drugs and the Supply of Synthetic drugs - CORDROGUE 43 - 14.06.2004

- Council Recommendation regarding guidelines for taking samples of seized drugs. CORDROGUE 26 - 30.03.2004

- Regulation (EC) no 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 2004 on drug precursors. OJ L 47, 18.02.2004 - P.1

-Council Decision 2003/847/JHA of 27 November 2003 concerning control measures and criminal sanctions in respect of the new synthetic drugs 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7 and TMA-2,OJ L 321,06.12.2003 - P. 64

- Resolution of the Council on combating the impact of psychoactive substances use on road accidents. CORDROGUE 97 - 13.11.2003

- Council resolution on the posting of liaison officers with particular expertise in drugs to Albania. CORDROGUE 95 - 13.11.2003

- Council Resolution of 17 December 2003 on training for drug law enforcement officers. CORDROGUE 96 - 12.11.2003

- Council Resolution on the importance of the role of the families in preventing drug abuse by adolescents. CORDROGUE 94 - 12.11.2003

- Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on coordination on drugs in the European Union. COM/2003/0681 final - 12.11.2003

- Resolution of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council, for the development of education curricula on substance misuse disorders for medical and other care students and professionals and their inclusion in university studies. CORDROGUE 57 - 19.06.2003

- Resolution of the representatives of the governments of the Member States meeting within the Council for the integration of the effective management (diagnosis, brief intervention, referrals) and medically assisted treatment for opiate dependent patients within the national health care. CORDROGUE 56 - 19.06.2003

- Council Recommendation of 18 June 2003 on the prevention and reduction of health-related harm associated with drug dependence. OJ L 165, 03.07.2003 P.31

- Resolution of the Council on the importance of early intervention to prevent drug dependence and drug related harm among young people using drugs. CORDROGUE 58 - 13.06.2003

- Implementation paper on demand and supply reduction to deliver the EU Drugs Action Plan. CORDROGUE 40 - 27.05.2003

- Action Plan on Drugs between the EU and Countries of Western Balkans and Candidate Countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey). CORDROGUE 3 REV 2 - 23.05.2003

- Agreement between the European Community and the Turkish Republic on precursors and chemical substances frequently used in the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances. OJ L 064, 07.03.2003 - P.30

- Resolution of the Representatives of the Member States meeting within the Council on the treatment of drug abusers in prisons. CORDROGUE 54 REV 4 - 28.11. 2002

- Implementation plan on actions to be taken in regard to the supply of synthetic drugs. CORDROGUE 81 REV 2 - 26.11.2002

- Council Resolution on the generic classification of specific groups of new synthetic drugs. CORDROGUE 64 REV 4 - 11.11. 2002

- Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European parliament on the mid-term evaluation of the EU action plan on drugs. (2000-2004). COM(2002)599, 04.11.2002

- Council Decision of 30 September 2002 adopting a specific programme for research, technological development and demonstration: Integrating and strengthening the European Research Area (2002-2006). OJ L 232, 29.10.2002 - P.1

- Decision No 1786/2002/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 2002 adopting a programme of Community action in the field of public health (2003-2008). OJ L 271, 09.10.2002 - P.1

- Action plan on Drugs between the EU and Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan). CORDROGUE 78 - 25.09.2002

- Council Decision of 22 July 2002 establishing a framework programme on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters (AGIS). OJ L 203, 01.08.2002 - P.5

- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1232/2002 of 9 July 2002 replacing the Annex to Council Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and amending Regulation (EEC) No 3769/92 . OJ L 180, 10.07.2002 - P.5

- Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on joint investigation teams. OJ L 162, 20.06.2002 - P.1

- Council Regulation (EC) No 988/2002 of 3 June 2002 amending Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substancesOJ L 151, 11.06.2002 - P.1

- Resolution of the Council on the incorporation of drug prevention in school curricula. CORDROGUE 4 REV 3 - 08.05. 2002

- Council Recommendation of 25 April 2002 on improving investigation methods in the fight against organised crime linked to organised drug trafficking: simultaneous investigations into drug trafficking by criminal organisations and their finances/assets. OJ C 114, 15.05.2002 - P.1

- Council Recommendation of 25 April 2002 on the need to enhance cooperation and exchanges of information between the various operational units specialising in combating trafficking in precursors in the Member States of the European Union. OJ C 114, 15.05.2002 - P.3

- Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Member States on the prevention of the recreational use of drugs. CORDROGUE 2 REV 3 - 15.04. 2002

- Council Decision of 28 February 2002 concerning control measures and criminal sanctions in respect of the new synthetic drug PMMA. OJ L 063, 06.03.2002 - P. 14

- Joint declaration on drugs of the Ministers of the European Union in association with the European Commission, and the Candidate Countries. CORDROGUE 7 REV 2 - 15.02 2002

- Council Regulation (EC) No 2501/2001 of 10 December 2001 applying a scheme of generalised tariff preferences for the period from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2004. OJ L 346, 31.12.2001- P.1

- Directive 2001/97/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001 amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC on prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering - Commission Declaration. OJ L 344, 28.12.2001- P. 76

- Council Resolution on the implementation of the five key epidemiological indicators on drugs, developed by the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). CORDROGUE 67- 15.11.2001

- Council Act of 16 October 2001 establishing, in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union, the Protocol to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union.OJ C 326, 21.11.2001 - P.1

- Council Decision of 28 June 2001 establishing a programme of incentives and exchanges, training and cooperation for the prevention of crime (Hippokrates). OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 - P. 11

- Council Framework Decision of 26 June 2001 on money laundering, the identification, tracing, freezing, seizing and confiscation of instrumentalities and the proceeds of crime. OJ L 182, 05.07.2001 - P. 1

- Council Decision of 28 June 2001 establishing a second phase of incentives, exchanges, training and cooperation for law enforcement authorities (Oisin II) - OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 - P.4

- Council Regulation (EC) No 1116/2001 of 5 June 2001 amending Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.O J L 153, 08.06.2001 - P. 4

- Council Decision of 28 May 2001 setting up a European crime prevention network. OJ L 153, 08.06.2001 - P.1

- Council Decision of 28 May 2001 on the transmission of samples of controlled substances.O J L 150, 06.06.2001 - P.1

- Council recommendation on the alignment of law enforcement drug and diverted precursors statistics. STUP 26 - 30.10.2001 and STUP 29-13.11.2001

- Council conclusions on networking information on emerging trends and patterns in drug abuse and poly-drug use and the associated risks. O J C 017, 19.01.2001 - P. 2

- Initiative of the Kingdom of Sweden with a view to adopting a JHA Council Decision establishing a system of special forensic profiling analysis of synthetic drugs. OJ C 10, 12.01.2001 - P. 1

- Council Decision of 17 October 2000 concerning arrangements for cooperation between financial intelligence units of the Member States in respect of exchanging information. OJ L 271, 24.10.2000 - P. 4

- Council Regulation (EC) No 2220/2000 of 28 September 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) No 302/93 on the establishment of a European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. OJ L 253, 07.10.2000 - P.1

- Council Decision of 28 September 2000 on the conclusion of an agreement between the European Community and the Kingdom of Norway on the participation of Norway in the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. OJ L 257, 11.10.2000 - P.23

- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1610/2000 of 24 July 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) No 3769/92 implementing and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. JO L 185, 25.07.2000 - P.30

- Convention established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on European Union, on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters between the Member States of the European Union. JO C 197, 12.07.2000 - P-3

B. Pending EU instruments.

- Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering, including terrorist financing. COM (2004) 448 - 30.06.2004

- Proposal for a Council Regulation laying down rules for the monitoring of trade between the Community and third countries in drug precursors". UD 81, CORDROGUE, COMER 120, 30.06.2004

- Proposal for a Council Regulation on the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (recast). COM (2003) 808 (01) - 19.12.2003

- Draft Council Recommendation on the monitoring of the chemical composition of narcotics, in order to improve investigation results in the fight against transnational drug trafficking within the European Union. CORDROGUE 82-13.11.2003

- Proposal for a Council Decision on the information exchange, risk-assessment and the control on new narcotic drugs and new synthetic drugs. COM(2003)0560 final - 03.10.2003.

- Initiative by the Kingdom of Spain for the conclusion of a Convention on the suppression by customs administrations of illicit drug trafficking on the high seas. JO C 45, 19.02.2002

- Proposal for a Council framework Decision laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking. COM (001) 259 final 23.05.2001. OJ C 304 E, 30.10.2001 - P.172

[1] KOM(1999)239 galutinis, 1999 5 26.

[2] Cordrogue 64, Rev 3, 12555/3/99, 1999 12 1.

[3] Cordrogue 32, 9283/00, 2000 6 7.

[4] KOM(2002)599 galutinis, 2002 11 4.

[5] Jeigu nenurodyta kitaip, nuorodos /[pic] valstybes nares yra nuorodos /[pic] buvusias 15 Jeigu nenurodyta kitaip, nuorodos į valstybes nares yra nuorodos į buvusias 15 valstybių narių.

[6] Dokumentus galima rasti www.ENNSC.eu.int arba www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home ir www.europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs

[7] Informaciją galima rasti www.ENNSC.eu.int

[8] Žr. www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home

[9] Crimorg 43, Rev 3 9615/3/03.

[10] Cordrogue 81, Rev 2 12452/2/02.

[11] Cordrogue 40, Rev 2 8926/2/03.

[12] Cordrogue 43, 10481/04.

[13] 1. Bendrosios narkotikų vartojimo apimtys ir modeliai 2. Narkotikų vartojimo paplitimas 3. Poreikis gydyti narkomanus 4. Mirčių, susijusių su narkotikų vartojimu, skaičius ir narkomanų mirtingumas ir 5. Su narkotikų vartojimų susijusių užkrečiamųjų ligų paplitimas.

[14] OL L 167, 1997 6 25, p. 1.

[15] OL L 19, 1997 1 22, p. 25.

[16] OL L 271, 2002 10 9, p. 1.

[17] OL L 165, 2003 7 3, p. 31.

[18] KOM(2003)311 galutinis.

[19] Cordrogue 97, 13.11.2003.

[20] Direktyva 91/308/EEB, OL L166, 1991 6 28, p. 77.

[21] Direktyva 2001/97/EB , OL L 344, 2001 12 28, p. 76.

[22] OL L 162, 2002 6 20, p. 1.

[23] OL C197, 2000 7 12, p. 1.

[24] OL C 24, 1998 01 23, p. 2.

[25] OL C 316, 95 11 27, p. 34.

[26] Žr. 21 išnašą.

[27] OJ L 203, 2002 08 01, p. 5.

[28] KOM(2001)259 galutinis.

[29] OL L 47, 2004 2 18, p. 1.

[30] KOM(2004)244 galutinis.

[31] KOM(2004)448, 2004 6 30.

[32] OL L 271, 2000 10 24, p. 4.

[33] Stup 26, 2001 10 30, Stup 29, 2001 11 13.

[34] Žr. 2.2 skirsnį.

[35] Tolesnį tyrimą rasite EMCDDA interneto svetainėje pateiktuose momentiniuose duomenyse ir teminiame dokumente "Pagrindinės išvados iš Europos Sąjungos kovos su narkotikais politikos įvertinimo tyrimo".

[36] The AGIS programme (Framework programme on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters) started in 2003 and incorporates previous Title VI programmes, such as Falcone and OISIN.

[37] Only the actions where the Commission, the EMCDDA and EUROPOL are directly involved are analysed.