FR    FR  COMMISSION DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES 
Bruxelles, le 22.10.2004 
COM(2004)707 final 
  
COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU CONSEIL ET AU PARLEMENT 
EUROPEEN 
sur les résultats de l’évaluation finale de la  stratégie et du plan d'action drogue de l'UE 
(2000-2004) 
 
FR 2   FR 1. L A STRATEGIE ET LE PLAN D 'ACTION DROGUE DE L 'UE  (2000-2004) 
En 1999, la Commission a présenté une comm unication concernant un Plan d'action de 
l'Union européenne en matière de  lutte contre la drogue (2000 2004)1. Sur cette base, le 
Conseil européen d’Helsinki a entériné la stra tégie de l’UE en matière de lutte contre la 
drogue pour 2000-20042. Cette Stratégie est fondée sur une approche multidisciplinaire et 
intégrée , dans laquelle la réduction de la demande de  drogue et la réduction de l'offre sont 
considérées comme deux éléments d’une stratégi e équilibrée qui sont également importants et 
qui se renforcent mutuellement.  
En juin 2004, le Conseil euro péen de Feira a adopté le pl an d'action drogue de l'UE 2000-
20043. Ce plan d’action traduisait la stratégie de l’UE en matière de lutte contre la drogue en 
une centaine de mesures concrètes à prendre par les États membres, la Commission, l'Observatoire européen des drogues et des toxicomanies (O EDT) et Europol. 
Le plan d’action prévoit que la Commission devr ait organiser des évaluations appropriées à 
mi-parcours et à l’achèvement de la stra tégie drogue de l’UE 2000-2004. En novembre 2002, 
la Commission a présenté une communication sur l'évaluation a mi-parcours (2000-2004)
4. 
La présente communication présente les résultats de  l’évaluation finale et jette les bases de la 
future politique drogue de l’UE en se fondant su r les enseignements tirés de la mise en œuvre 
de la politique actuelle.  
2. O BJET ET DEROULEMENT DE L ’EVALUATION FINALE  
2.1. Objet 
L'évaluation finale a pour objet de constater le  degré d'accomplissement des activités définies 
dans le Plan d'action, de déterminer dans quell e mesure les objectifs de la Stratégie drogue ont 
été atteints et d'apprécier les effets de la Stra tégie et du Plan d'action sur le phénomène de la 
drogue dans l'Union européenne. 
L’évaluation des effets de la politique drogue se poursuit et l’absence d’objectifs 
opérationnels précis et quantifiabl es dans la Stratégie et le Pl an d'action actuels ne simplifie 
pas la tâche. Toutefois,  le processus d’évaluatio n des effets et de défi nition d’indicateurs clés 
et d’outils qui pourraient à l’ avenir servir de normes de qualité pour l’adoption de nouvelles 
stratégies et de nouvelles  politiques a démarré.  
2.2. Déroulement 
La présente évaluation a commencé en avril 200 3 avec la constitution d’un groupe de pilotage 
(constitué de représentants de la Commissi on, des quatre États membres assurant la 
présidence du Conseil en 2003 et 2004, d'Europol  et de l'OEDT) chargé de donner des 
orientations et de suivre la préparation de l'évaluation finale . Ce groupe s’est réuni à quatre 
                                                 
1 COM (1999) 239 final du 26.5.1999. 
2 Cordrogue 64 Rev 3, 12555/3/99, 1.12.1999. 
3 Cordrogue 32, 9283/00 du 07.06.2000. 
4 COM (2002) 599 final du 4.11.2002. 
 
FR 3   FR reprises pour définir les outils et méthodes nécessaires à cette évaluation et suivre le 
processus.  
En novembre 2003, un questionnaire a été adressé aux États membres de l’époque5 pour 
obtenir des informations sur les mesures du Plan d’action qu’ils avaient mises en œuvre 
(annexe 1). Un tableau de suivi similaire a été envoyé aux services concernés de la 
Commission, à l’OEDT et à Europol (annexe 2).  
L’OEDT et la Commission ont élaboré une série de documents thématiques centrés sur des 
aspects particuliers du problème de la drogue6. L’OEDT et Europol ont développé un outil 
statistique instantané qui contient des données essentielles sur la s ituation en matière de 
drogue en 1999 et en 2002-20037.  
Une enquête Eurobaromètre a été menée en avril/mai 2004 sur le comportement/les 
perceptions des jeunes vis-à-vis de la drogue8. Les principaux résultats obtenus sont comparés 
avec ceux d’une enquête similaire menée en 2002. De plus, le rapport final sur les services 
répressifs et leur rôle dans la  lutte contre le  trafic de drogue9, le document de mise en œuvre 
concernant l’offre de drogues de synthèse10 et sur la réduction de l’offre et de la demande11, le 
rapport approuvé par le Conseil sur leur mise en œuvre12 et d’autres initiatives (annexe 3) ont 
été pris en considération. 
Les données provenant des différe ntes sources ont été analysées  pour mettre en évidence les 
principales réalisations au cours de la péri ode et pour identifier les domaines où de nouveaux 
progrès sont nécessaires. Elles ont auss i été utilisées pour apprécier le degré 
d'accomplissement des activités définies dans le Plan d'action et pour de déterminer dans quelle mesure les objectifs de la Stratégie drogue  ont été atteints. Les statistiques instantanées 
ont servi de base pour apprécier les effets de la Stratégie et du Plan d'action drogue sur le 
phénomène de la drogue. Les données fournies pour l’évaluation finale couvrent la période 
1999 - juin 2004.  
3. 
PRINCIPALES REALISATIONS ET DOMAINES OU DE NOUVEAUX PROGRES SONT 
NECESSAIRES  
3.1. Coordination Réalisations au niveau national 
• Depuis 1999, des stratégies drogue  nationales plus développées  ont été adoptées par les 
États membres. La plupart d’entre elles couvre nt toute la gamme des activités liées à la 
drogue. 
                                                
 
5 Sauf indication contraire, les États membres auxque ls il est fait référence sont les 15 «anciens» États 
membres.  
6 Ces documents sont disponibles sur www.emcdda.eu.int  ou sur www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home  
et www.europa.eu.int/comm/taxation_customs 
7 Disponible sur www.emcdda.eu.int 
8 Voir www.europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home  
9 Cordrogue 43 Rev 3, 9615/3/99 
10 Cordrogue 81 Rev 2, 12452/2/02 
11 Cordrogue 40 Rev 2, 8926/2/03 
12 Cordrogue 43, 10481/04. 
 
FR 4   FR • La sensibilisation des États membres à la n écessité d’une coordination multidisciplinaire 
dans le domaine de la drogue s’est renforcée. Tous les États membres reconnaissent qu’elle 
constitue un élément essentiel de la politique  drogue, même s’il n’existe pas de définition 
unique du terme «coordination». 
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doiv ent être accomplis au niveau national 
• La coordination drogue au niv eau national doit être  détendue à tous les domaines de la 
politique drogue, et elle doit comprendre notamment des consu ltations réguliè res avec la 
société civile.  
• Une coordination préalable renforcée au niveau  national (par exemple entre les autorités 
chargées de la santé publique, de la justic e et des affaires intérieures, des relations 
extérieures et du budget) aidera it les délégations à articuler leur position au Conseil. 
Réalisations au niveau de l'UE 
• Depuis l’adoption du Plan d’ac tion, des réunions des coordina teurs drogue nationaux ont 
eu lieu deux fois par an. 
• La Commission a publié une communication sur la coordination de la lutte contre la 
drogue en 2003. Un document présentant l’ avis du groupe horizonta l "drogue" sur cette 
communication a été discuté. 
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis au niveau de l'UE 
• Un suivi adéquat de la comm unication de la Commission sur la coordination de la lutte 
contre la drogue doit être assu ré. Les réunions des coordinate urs nationaux devraient être 
davantage centrées sur des questions spécifiques.  
• La Commission devrait renforcer  et rationaliser ses mécanismes internes de coordination: 
une coordination plus visible et  plus opérationnelle de tous les services impliqués dans le 
dossier de la drogue est nécessaire. Ses lie ns structurels avec l'OEDT devraient être 
maintenus. 
• Il n’y a pas de partage clair des responsabilités entre les grou pes de travail du Conseil qui 
s’occupent des questions de drogue. Le gr oupe horizontal "drogue" devrait être seul 
responsable de la coordination de s travaux des différents groupes. 
• La société civile n’a pas été régulièrement cons ultée sur la formulation de la politique de 
l’UE en matière de drogue et de telles cons ultations devraient avoir lieu régulièrement. 
Cela fera l’objet d’une comm unication de la Commission en 2005. 
3.2. Information et évaluation 
Réalisations au niveau national 
• La disponibilité et la qualité des données su r la situation en matière de drogue se sont 
améliorées dans la plupart des États membres,  tout comme le soutien politique nécessaire 
pour certaines activités spécifique s d’information et d’évaluation. 
 
FR 5   FR • Tous les États membres sont convenus d’app liquer les cinq indicateurs épidémiologiques 
clés13 et de fournir des données comparables et consolidées. 
• Certains États membres ont progressé dans le  développement d’outils permettant d’évaluer 
l’efficacité de leur action dans  le domaine de la drogue.  
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doiv ent être accomplis au niveau national 
• Le suivi systématique de la mise en œuvre des stratégies et des plans d’action nationaux 
devrait être amélioré. Des pr ogrès sont également nécessair es pour assurer une évaluation 
régulière de leur mise en œuvre. 
• Les États membres devraient pours uivre leurs efforts afin de pa rvenir à une mise en œuvre 
complète des indicateurs épidémiologiques. 
• La fourniture d’informations sur les dépenses  publiques dans le domaine de la drogue et 
l’analyse du rapport coût-efficacité des poli tiques doivent encore être améliorées. 
Réalisations au niveau de l'UE 
• La disponibilité et la qualité des données et des informations su r la situation en matière de 
drogue se sont améliorées principalement grâce aux travaux de l'OEDT et des points 
focaux nationaux. 
• Le processus d’évaluation finale a conduit à la  mise au point d’outils méthodologiques clés 
et à la constitution d’un groupe  de pilotage que l’on pourrait utiliser comme cadre pour les 
évaluations futures des po litiques drogue de l’UE. 
• L’échange d’informations sur les tendances émergentes en matière de consommation de 
drogue s’est amélioré, en partie, à la suite de  l’établissement d’un système d'alerte rapide 
dans le cadre de l’action conjointe da ns le domaine des drogues de synthèse14. 
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis au niveau de l'UE 
• Il y a un manque d’informations sur la criminalité  liée à la drogue et il faut travailler sur les 
indicateurs appropriés, en tenant compte de s travaux de l'OEDT et d’Europol dans ce 
domaine. 
• Les mécanismes de suivi des tendances émerge ntes en matière de consommation de drogue 
devraient être améliorés. La recherche dans  ce domaine devrait être encore développée. 
                                                 
13 1. Étendue et caractéristiques de la consommation de drogues en population générale 2. Prévalence de 
la consommation problématique de drogues 3. Demande  de traitement par les consommateurs de drogue 
4. Nombre de décès liés à la drogue et mortalité des consommateurs de drogue 5. Les taux de maladies 
infectieuses liées à la drogue.  
14 JO L 167 du 25.06.1997, p. 1. 
 
FR 6   FR 3.3. Réduction de la demande 
Réalisations au niveau national 
• Tous les États membres sont conscients de la  nécessité de prendre des mesures préventives 
à un stade précoce. Ils ont développé des programmes globaux de prévention auxquels 
participent des experts et la société civile. 
• Des projets spécifiques de pr évention relatifs à la polyt oxicomanie et à l’abus de 
substances licites et illicites sont de plus  en plus mis en œuvre. Des campagnes 
d’information sont de plus en plus orientées vers des groupes cibles et visent les 
comportements à risque et la dépendance en général. 
• La plupart des États membres ont  accru le financement et la disponibilité de services de 
traitement et diversifié la gamme d’ options en matière de traitements.  
• Tous les États membres sont plus attentifs à la crimina lité liée à la drogue, comme le 
montre le développement des mesures alternativ es à l'emprisonnement dans le cadre de la 
communauté locale et la plus grande dispon ibilité d’interventions psychosociales et 
sanitaires dans le cad re de l’incarcération.  
• Tous les États membres ont entamé des recherches  sur les effets de la conduite automobile 
sous l’influence de drogues illi cites et de médicaments et ce rtains d’entre eux ont introduit 
des contrôles plus sévères. 
• Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doiven t être accomplis au niveau national 
• Il faudrait évaluer plus régul ièrement l’efficacité des me sures visant à réduire les 
dommages pour la santé liés à la toxicomanie et les traitements.  
• Les États membres devraient créer des qualifi cations reconnues pour les professionnels des 
domaines de la prévention et de la réduc tion des dommages pour la santé liés à la 
toxicomanie.  
Réalisations au niveau de l'UE 
• Le Conseil a adopté un certain nombre de réso lutions sur la préventi on de la toxicomanie 
(voir annexe 3). 
• Le programme d'action communautaire concer nant la prévention de la toxicomanie 
(1996-2002)15 et le nouveau programme d'action comm unautaire dans le domaine de la 
santé publique (2003-2008)16 ont fourni des cofinancements  pour des projets de prévention 
de la toxicomanie. La question des traiteme nts revêt de plus en plus d’importance. 
• Une recommandation du Conseil relative à la  prévention et à la réduction des dommages 
pour la santé liés à la toxico manie a été adoptée en 200317. Un programme d'action 
                                                 
15 JO L 19 du 22.01.1997, p. 25. 
16 JO L 271 du 09.10.2002, p. 1. 
17 JO L 165 du 03.07.2003, p. 31. 
 
FR 7   FR européen pour la sécurité routière18 et une résolution du Conseil re lative à la lutte contre la 
consommation de substances psychoactives associée aux accidents de la route19 ont été 
adoptés. L’un comme l’autre prennent en compte  les effets de l’alcool, des drogues et des 
médicaments sur la conduite automobile.  
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis au niveau de l'UE 
• L’UE devrait promouvoir de nouvelles recher ches sur les facteurs biomédicaux, 
psychosociaux et autres qui sont à la base de  la toxicomanie, en particulier dans les 
domaines où ces recherches sont encore lim itées (par exemple, consommation de longue 
durée de cannabis ou de drogues de synthèse).  
• La diffusion d’une information fi able et de qualité et des me illeures pratiques devrait être 
améliorée. 
• La Commission assurera le suivi des points clés de la recommandation du Conseil de 2003 
susmentionnée. 
3.4. Réduction de l'offre 
Réalisations au niveau national 
• Dans la plupart des États membres, la coop ération entre les servic es répressifs a été 
améliorée par l’établissement ou le renforcement de structures ou d’activités comme des 
équipes communes de la police ou des douanes,  des opérations de répression communes et 
des protocoles d’accord. 
• Un plus grand nombre d’États membres semb lent maintenant être en mesure d’opérer 
conformément aux dispositions de l’article 17 (trafic illicite par mer) de la Convention des 
Nations Unies de 1988 contre le tr afic illicite de stupéfiants et de substances psychotropes.  
• Tous les États membres ont transposé dans leur  droit national la première directive sur le 
blanchiment des capitaux20 et onze d’entre eux ont transposé la directive qui la modifie21. 
De plus, les États membres ont pris de nouvelles mesures pour lutter contre le blanchiment 
de capitaux, par exemple en prévoyant la possib ilité de s’opposer à cer taines opérations et 
en renforçant les moyens de contrôler le s voyageurs qui importent de grosses sommes 
d’argent.  
• Dix États membres ont transposé les dispositi ons de la décision-cadre du Conseil relative 
aux équipes communes22 d'enquête et/ou ont ratifié la convention relative à l'entraide 
judiciaire en matière pénale23 entre les États membres de l'Union européenne ou ont 
indiqué que la législation existante permetta it déjà la constitution de telles équipes.  
                                                 
18 COM(2003)311 final. 
19 Cordrogue 97, 13/11/2003 
20 Directive 91/308/CEE, JO L 166 du 28.06.1991, p.77. 
21 Directive 2001/97/CE, JO L 344, 28.12.2001, p. 76. 
22 JO L 162, 20.06.2002, p.1 
23 JO C197, 12.07.2000, p. 1 
 
FR 8   FR • Dix États membres ont ratifié Convention re lative à l'assistance mutuelle et à la 
coopération entre les administra tions douanières (Naples II)24. Quatorze États membres ont 
ratifié la Convention sur l'emploi de l' informatique dans le domaine des douanes25. 
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doiv ent être accomplis au niveau national 
• Les États membres qui déclarent qu’ils n’ont pas de structures formelles de coopération 
entre leurs services nationaux de répr ession devraient envisager d’en créer. 
• Les États membres devraient veiller à dispos er des procédures né cessaires pour leur 
permettre d’opérer conformément aux dispositi ons de l’article 17 de la Convention des 
Nations Unies et envisager de rédiger un guide concernant son application.  
• Les États membres qui ne l’ont pas encore fait  devraient transposer la deuxième directive 
sur le blanchiment des capitaux26, la décision-cadre du Cons eil relative aux équipes 
communes d'enquête et/ou ratifier la Convention relative à l'entraide judiciaire en matière 
pénale entre les États membres de l'Union europ éenne et ratifier la Convention Naples II et 
la Convention sur l'emploi de l'informatique dans le domaine des douanes.  
Réalisations au niveau de l'UE 
• La coopération entre les services répressifs  au niveau de l’UE a été améliorée par 
l’établissement ou le renforcement des structur es, par les activités d’Europol et d’Eurojust, 
et par des activités comme des enquête s communes, des opérations des douanes 
communes, la coopération maritime, des équi pes communes et des centres de coopération 
de la police et des douanes.  
• Un certain nombre de projets de l’UE (p ar exemple CASE, EELS et EILCS) visant à 
identifier la production et le  trafic de drogues de synthèse ont été réalisés et sont 
opérationnels.  
• Depuis 2000, cinq substances ont fa it l’objet de mesures de cont rôle au niveau de l’Union 
sur la base de l’action commune dans le domaine des drogues de synthèse.  
• Des programmes communautaires de financement comme AGIS27 ont largement contribué 
à faciliter la coopération entre les serv ices répressifs des États membres.  
• Un accord politique a été attein t sur la proposition de décision-cadre du Conseil concernant 
l'établissement des dispositions minimales relatives aux éléments constitutifs des infractions pénales et des sa nctions applicables dans le domaine du trafic de drogue
28. 
L’adoption formelle est attendue sous peu.  
                                                 
24 JO C 24 du 23.01.1998, p. 2. 
25 JO C 316 du 27.11.1995, p. 34. 
26 Voir : note en bas de page n°21 
27 JO L 203, 01.08.2002, p. 5 
28 COM (2001) 259 final 
 
FR 9   FR • Un règlement du Parlement européen et du Conseil relatif aux précurseurs de drogues 
(commerce intracommunautaire) a été adopté29. Une proposition de règlement du Conseil 
sur le commerce extérieur de précurseurs de drogues30 a été présentée par la Commission.  
• L’OLAF a facilité un important échange d’inform ations sur le risque de détournement de 
précurseurs et continue à soutenir les systèmes Yachtinfo et Marinfo.  
• Le développement ultérieur d’une unité de  coordination opérationne lle est à l’examen. 
• La Commission a adopté une pr oposition de troisième directive sur le blanchiment des 
capitaux31. 
• L’adoption d’une décision du Conseil32 relative à l’échange d’informations entre les 
cellules de renseignement financier a fourni un meilleur cadre de coopération. 
• Un certain nombre d’États membres mènent des discussions sur la possibilité de constituer 
des équipes communes et de donn er à leurs autorités de polic e et judiciaires des pouvoirs 
supplémentaires étendus pour leur permettre d’opérer sur leurs te rritoires réciproques. 
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis au niveau de l'UE 
• Les États membres devraient créer des équi pes d’enquête communes pour s’occuper du 
trafic de stupéfiants entre leurs territoires, comme le prévoient la décision-cadre du Conseil 
et la Convention. 
• Un nouveau renforcement des opérations commune s entre les services de répression des 
États membres devrait être discuté. L’orga nisation et les résultats de ces opérations 
devraient faire l’objet de rapports au Conseil et à la Commission.  
• Un nouveau développement des opérations visant la production et le tr afic de drogues de 
synthèse devrait faire l’objet de discussions exploratoires.  Les suggestions relatives à 
l’établissement d’une cartogra phie des réseaux de distribu tion pourraient constituer un 
point de départ utile à cet égard. 
• La recommandation du Conseil sur la nécessité  de renforcer la coopération et l'échange 
d'informations dans la lutte contre le trafic  de précurseurs devrait être mise en œuvre33. 
• La troisième directive du Parlement et du C onseil sur le blanchiment des capitaux devrait 
être adoptée aussi rapi dement que possible. 
3.5. Élargissement 
Bien que l’élargissement n’ait eu lieu que huit mo is avant la fin de la période couverte par la 
Stratégie drogue, les initia tives dans ce domaine font partie intégrante de l’acquis. Tous les 
nouveaux États membres et deux des pays candidats ont répondu volontairement au 
                                                 
29 JO L 47 du 18.02.2004, p. 1. 
30 COM (2004) 244 final 
31 COM (2004) 448 du 30.06.2004. 
32 JO L 271 du 24.10.2000, p. 4. 
33 Stup 26 30.10.2001, Stup 29, 13.11.01 
 
FR 10   FR questionnaire de la Commission34. Un résumé de ces données se ra inclus dans un rapport 
séparé. 
Réalisations 
• Le programme PHARE et d’au tres programmes communautaire s pertinents ont été très 
utiles pour permettre aux nouveaux États membres et aux pays candidats de se familiariser 
avec les aspects drogue de l’acquis.  
• Presque tous les États membres ont fourni  une assistance aux nouveaux États membres 
dans leurs efforts de lutte cont re la toxicomanie et le trafic de stupéfiants. Les États 
membres ont fourni une assistan ce similaire aux pays candidats. 
• Tous les nouveaux États membres ont transposé les aspects drogue de l’acquis dans leur 
législation nationale et les pays candida ts sont en train de faire de même. 
• Le chapitre JAI de l’acquis a ét é provisoirement clos pour la Bulgarie et les négociations 
avec la Roumanie progressent. 
• Les accords avec la Bulgarie, la Roumanie et la Turquie concernant la participation aux 
travaux de l’OEDT ont été paraphés.  
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis  
• Il devrait y avoir une coopéra tion étroite entre les nouveaux États membres et les pays 
candidats dans la mise en œuvre des aspects drogue de l’acquis. 
• Les nouveaux États membres devraient utiliser  pleinement le pr ogramme AGIS et les 
autres programmes pour faciliter la coopé ration avec les autres États membres.  
• Les accords avec les trois pays candidats visant à leur permettre de participer aux travaux 
de l’OEDT devraient entrer en vigue ur aussi rapidement que possible. 
• Le programme PHARE et d’autres program mes communautaires de vraient continuer à 
fournir une assistance aux pays candida ts dans le domaine de la drogue. 
3.6. Coopération internationale 
Réalisations au niveau national 
• Les États membres fournissent une assistance en matière de drogue aux pays tiers sur une 
base bilatérale et/ou par le biais de l'Office des Nations un ies pour le contrôle des drogues 
et la prévention du crime (OCDPC).  
• Un certain nombre d’États membres coopèrent  avec des pays tiers pour développer et 
améliorer les systèmes de lutte contre le blanchiment de capitaux. 
                                                 
34 Voir section 2.2. 
 
FR 11   FR Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doiv ent être accomplis au niveau national 
• Tous les États membres devraient systémati quement alimenter les bases de données créées 
par la Commission sur les projets d’assistance t echnique dans les pays candidats et dans les 
pays tiers dans le domaine de la drogue. 
• Les États membres devraient régulièrement info rmer le Conseil et la Commission de leurs 
activités bilatérales dans le s pays et régions tiers.  
Réalisations au niveau de l'UE 
• La Commission concentre ses efforts sur les de ux principaux circuits d'acheminement de la 
drogue vers l'UE.  
• La Commission a régulièrement informé le Cons eil de l’assistance qu ’elle fournissait aux 
pays et régions tiers dans le domaine de la  drogue et au sujet de  la procédure intégrée 
améliorée de financement de projet s «drogue» dans ces pays et régions. 
• Dans le contexte de la politique europ éenne de voisinage, de s plans d’action avec un 
certain nombre de pays sont en discussion. Ce s plans comportent normalement une section 
consacrée au phénomène de la drogue. 
• Tous les accords externes pertinents de la  Communauté et de l’Union contiennent des 
dispositions spécifiques sur la drogue.  
Domaines où de nouveaux progrès doivent être accomplis au niveau de l'UE 
• Les États membres et la Co mmission devraient continuer d'élaborer des positions 
coordonnées de l'UE dans les enceintes inte rnationales qui traitent du problème de la 
drogue, en particulier la commission des stupéfiants des Nations unies. 
• Les États membres et la Commission devraien t continuer à lier l’assi stance en matière de 
drogue qu’ils fournissent à l’Asie  centrale, à l’Amérique latine et aux Caraïbes et aux pays 
des Balkans occidentaux aux plans d’action dro gue adoptés dans ces régions. À cet égard, 
on pourrait envisager un mécanisme de financement approprié.  
• Il est nécessaire d’établir un lien entre l’adoption de nouvea ux plans d’action drogue de 
l’UE pour différentes régions du monde et l’allocation de re ssources pour leur mise en 
œuvre.  
• Les experts des États membres en matière de  drogue devraient cont inuer à participer 
activement à mettre l’accent sur le problème de la drogue lors de l’élaboration ou du 
renouvellement de documents de programma tion nationaux ou régi onaux. Une meilleure 
coordination devrait exister entre les groupes de travail géographiques et le groupe 
horizontal "drogue".  
• Les nouvelles situations d’urge nce et les nouvelles tendances en matière de consommation 
et de production de drogue dans des pays ou régions spécifiques de vraient faire l’objet 
d’un suivi et être prises en considération.  
 
FR 12   FR • Les mécanismes existants de coordination inte rnationale dans le domaine de la drogue, 
comme le groupe de Dublin, devr ait être pleinement utilisés. 
4. C ONCLUSIONS  
I. Évaluation du degré de réalisation des activités prévues dans le Plan d'action 
• Environ 95% des actions prévue s dans le Plan d’action drogue  de l’UE ont été mises en 
oeuvre ou sont en train de l’être. 
• La Stratégie et le Plan d'action drogue de l'UE ont été pris comme point de référence 
central pour les actions à mener et  ont servi de cadre aux activi tés et initiatives drogue au 
niveau national et communautaire.  
• Presque tous les États membres ont adopté une  stratégie ou un plan d’action drogue. Ces 
plans et stratégies nationaux présentent des similitudes avec l’approche de l’UE, telle 
qu’elle est exposée dans la Stratégie et  le Plan d'action drogue de l'UE . 
II. Évaluation de la mesure dans laquelle la  réalisation du Plan d'action satisfait aux 
objectifs de la Stratégie drogue 
• Il n’est guère douteux que la mise en œuvre des actions prévues dans  le Plan d’action a 
contribué à la réalisation, da ns une mesure variable, des 11 objectifs de la Stratégie drogue 
de l’UE. 
III. Évaluation des effets sur le phénomène de la drogue 
• Dans une certaine mesure au moins, des progrès ont été accomplis dans la voie de la 
réalisation de certains des obj ectifs de la Stratégie drogue de l’UE (Objectif 2 et, en 
particulier, objectif 3)35.  
• Sur la base des outils d’évaluation, rien ne pe rmet véritablement d’affirmer que l’objectif 1 
(réduire de manière significative la toxicoma nie) a été atteint ou que moins de jeunes 
consomment de la drogue. T outefois, le tableau suggère que dans l’ensemble, on peut 
constater un plafonnement de la  tendance à la hausse de la  toxicomanie, fût-ce à des 
niveaux qui peuvent être considérés  comme historiquement élevés.  
• De même, les informations disponibles ne pe rmettent pas de conc lure à une réduction 
substantielle de la disponibilité de la drogue  (Objectif 4). En même temps, les objectifs 4 
et 5 considérés ensemble ont servi de catal yseur pour un certain nom bre d’initia tives au 
niveau de l’UE qui ont renforcé les mesures répre ssives contre le trafic et l’offre de drogue.  
• Un certain nombre d’initiativ es importantes ont aussi ét é prises pour combattre le 
blanchiment de capitaux. En ce qui concerne l’objectif 6.2, les États membres participent à 
une série d’initiatives importantes pour comba ttre le détournement de  précurseurs, comme 
l’Équipe commune européenne concernant les précurseurs (EJUP). Des propositions 
                                                 
35 Pour plus de détails, voir le tableau et le document thématique «Main lessons from investigation of 
evaluation in the drug policy field in the European Union» sur le site de l’OEHT. 
 
FR 13   FR importantes ont été présentées pour modifier la législation co mmunautaire dans le domaine 
du contrôle du commerce des précurseurs. 
5. PROPOSITIONS 
• La future Stratégie drogue de l’UE devrait c ontenir des objectifs et des priorités clairs et 
précis que l’on puisse traduire en  indicateurs et actions opérationnels dans le futur Plan 
d’action, avec une définition claire des responsabil ités et des délais de mise en œuvre. Les 
systèmes d’information et les instruments d’évaluation devraient être pris en considération lors de la définition de ces objectifs et priorités. 
• Il faudrait continuer à progresser sur le plan de la disponibil ité, de la qualité et de la 
comparabilité des informations sur le suivi du phénomène de la drogue.  
• La Commission présentera au début de 2005 une proposition relative à un Plan d’action 
drogue 2005-2008. De plus, elle pr océdera à un examen annuel de  la mise en œuvre de ce 
plan et elle organisera une analyse de ses effets en 2008, en vue de proposer un deuxième 
Plan d’action pour la période 2009-2012. Au c ours de cette période, elle continuera à 
procéder à cet examen annuel. En 2012, elle organisera une évalua tion globale de la 
stratégie et des plans d'action drogue de l’ UE, qu’elle présentera au Conseil et au 
Parlement européen.  
• Les objectifs de la nouve lle stratégie et des nouveaux plan s d’action devraien t se refléter 
dans le Programme pluriannuel vi sant à consolider l’espace de  liberté, de sécurité et de 
justice. 
• Le groupe horizontal "drogue" du Conseil devr ait s’employer avant tout à faire progresser 
la mise en œuvre des actions définies dans les futurs plans d’acti on drogue de l’UE et à 
assurer leur suivi, et il devrait jouer un rôle  moteur dans la coordination des travaux des 
autres groupes du Conseil qui traitent  de la question de la drogue.  
• De nombreuses activités intéressantes et utiles sont en train d’être mises en œuvre dans le 
domaine de la drogue. Les résult ats de ces activités devraient être plus largement partagés 
pour promouvoir des activités similaires aill eurs. Dans ce contexte, il faudrait envisager 
d’organiser un séminaire annuel sur un aspect de la politique de matière de drogue lié à ces 
activités.  
• La présente évaluation finale de vrait être prise en considéra tion dans le développement de 
la nouvelle stratégie drogue de l’UE 2005-2012. 
 
FR 14   FR ANNEX 1  
Summary of 15 Member States responses to the questionnaire on the implementation of the 
EU Action Plan on Drugs (2000-2004)  
1. Co-ordination  
1.2.2 What steps has your country taken toward s the establishment or the strengthening of 
the national co-ordination mechanisms since 1999? Has your country appointed a National 
Drugs Co-ordinator in the related period? Does  your country envisage carrying out or has 
your country carried out an evaluation  of the co-ordinat ion mechanisms?  
All Member States recognise the importance of co ordinating the activities of the multiple actors 
involved in the drugs issue. They report to have mechanisms in place for coordinating their national drugs policies. Member States have adop ted different models of coordination, depending 
on their national administrative structures and on the aspects of the fight against drugs they 
intend to focus on; some have interdepartmental committees, some have appointed national drug coordinators (e.g. France, Germany, Luxembourg , Portugal, Italy, Spain and Sweden) and/or 
established dedicated coordination units or bodies (e.g. Austria, Greece, Ireland, Finland). Some, 
however, lack coordination mechanisms that cove r all aspects. Few Member States provide for 
evaluation of their coordination mechanisms. 
1.2.4 In what way has your country ensured a balanced and multidisciplinary approach in 
national drugs programmes and policies and their implementation? 
The importance of maintaining a multidisciplinary and balanced approach is clearly recognised 
by all Member States. Most have adopted a na tional plan or strategy on drugs (Belgium 
Denmark, Greece, Finland, Ireland, L uxembourg, Portugal, Spain and the UK).  
1.3.2 Has your country developed a specific st rategy for co-operation with civil society 
regarding drug abuse? Pl ease give details.  
Most Member States make provisions for involving civil society in the fields of prevention, 
health care and treatment, mainly at local level. Most of them also consult civil society on an ad 
hoc basis, e.g. for specific projects. Many Me mber States mention financial support for 
community groups and organisations as a way of cooperating with civil society.  
Some countries (Germany, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden) have more regular contacts with the 
networks of NGOs, the voluntary sector, associ ations, etc. These countries recognise the 
importance of linking policy making and practice through dialogue with civil society, but also 
refer to the supporting work done by these organisations to influence public opinion. 
 
FR 15   FR 1.4.2. In which way has your country enco uraged the provision of funding for the 
prevention of drug use, the prevention of drug related crime, the reduction of the negative 
health and social consequences of drugs and other proactive measures? 
Public expenditure on prevention and risk reduc tion programmes and measures are different from 
one country to another depending on the national administrative structure, ministerial budgets 
and social security systems. Some Member States (Belgium, Greece, Ireland, Luxembourg, and 
United Kingdom) indicate an increase of funding for drug-demand reduction. 
1.5 In which way has your country shared information with other Member States on 
national strategies and action plans? Has you r country made use of the EMCDDA database 
on drug laws, the Falcone and OISIN progra mmes or any other tools for information 
exchange and operational co-operation? Please describe.  
Member States consider other national measures, strategies and action plans as useful examples 
for orienting their own national debate. Very often information exchange is made via bilateral 
contacts and visits. The Horizontal Drugs Group and the meetings of the national coordinators 
are recognised as important occasions to share information and views. 
All Member States acknowledge the importance of  learning from the others and quote internet as 
an important source of information. Most of th em report regular input and consultation of the 
EMCDDA databases (EDDRA, ELDD).  
As far as law enforcement information sharing is  concerned, most Member States mention the 
Europol national liaison officers. All Member States were able to take part in joint projects co-
financed by the Commission’s OISIN and/or th e Falcone programmes. Since 2003 XXX (can we 
give a figure??) have received funding under the new AGIS programme36. 
2. Information and Evaluation  
2.1.1 and 2.1.4 Does your country fully or partly provide information on the 5 key 
epidemiological indicators of the EMCDDA? If your country does not fully provide 
information on the 5 key epidem iological indicators when do you believe you will be in a 
position to do so? Please give brief descript ion of the evolution of political and financial 
support to implement the 5 harmonised key indicators. 
All Member States have established systems for the gathering and treatment of data which will 
provide comparable and reliable data on the 5 key epidemiologic indicators, and most Member 
States are able to provide (partial) information on all indicators. In order to improve the data 
quality of the used sources and to alleviate the la ck of information on some indicators, Member 
States have introduced the necessary amendments in their legislative systems, organised special 
workgroups composed of representatives fro m various Ministries, services, and NGOs 
specialised in the fight against drugs and active ly participated in EMCDDA workshops In most 
                                                 
36 The AGIS programme (Framework programme on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters) 
started in 2003 and incorporates previous Title VI programmes, such as Falcone and OISIN. 
 
FR 16   FR Member States, political and financial support pr ovided by the government for establishing the 
five indicators (particularly through the nationa l budget to the REITOX Network) is considered 
sufficient. 
2.2.6 and 2.2.7 Which measures are used in your country to assess the effectiveness of 
preventing and combating orga nised drug related crime? What kind of crime and policy 
indicators has your country developed? Has you r country drafted an annual assessment on 
the role of organised crime groups involved in drug trafficking? 
No unanimity exists among member States on the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness 
of preventive actions and measures to fight organised crime related to drug-trafficking, but all 
annual reports include statistics which illustrate the number of confiscations and their quantities, 
the share of dismantled clandest ine laboratories, the number of arrests, the number of drug-
related deaths and other indicators of repressive actions by the relevant agencies. Member States 
contribute to the annual EU Organised Crime report, which includes a section on drugs, in 
accordance with the criteria set out in Enfopol 35 Rev 2 (21.4.1997). 
Some Member States undertake further research  on the linkage between drug phenomena and 
criminal activities, e.g. Ireland’s public surveys on  the nature of the policing, the visibility and 
perception of crime, including drug related crime.  
3. Reduction of Demand, Prevention of Drug Use and of Drug Related Crime  
3.1.1.1 Does your country have general progra mmes for the prevention of both licit and 
illicit drug use, including poly-drug use? In wh ich way, if any, does your country encourage 
the inclusion of drug use prevention in scho ol curricula? Are there programmes set-up to 
assist parents? If yes, please describe briefly. 
Member States underline the importance of prevention, and the need for better and accurate 
information campaigns and prevention programmes fo cused on the promotion of health as well as 
on the personal and social development of the young people. 
Prevention programmes can involve, among many other measures, the creation of prevention 
centres, specific training for experts and civil so ciety (teachers, parents, support organisations…), 
health professionals and even representatives of  the law enforcement services, working in the 
school environment and among young people. The importance of regular cooperation with young 
people’s associations, sports clubs, as well as taking preventive actions in nightclubs and major 
music and dance events ar e also stressed, in a way to prom ote healthy initiatives. Frequently 
decentralised, organised at loca l level in collaboration with th e local autorities and the civil 
society, whit a short duration, they address to youngsters and other target groups.  
Specific prevention projects aimed at tackling th e poly-drug use and the abuse of licit substances 
(alcohol, tobacco, doping substances and medicinal products) are more and more implemented in 
all Member States.  
 
FR 17   FR Member States agree on the effectiveness of school based drug education programme, but only a 
few countries (France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain,  and UK) have clear references to illicit 
substances and their effects inscribed on the schools curriculum.  
3.1.1.3 Could you describe the way your country allocated resources for positive 
alternatives to drugs for youngsters, in part icular in socially deprived urban areas? 
Member States have many projects on positive alternatives to drug use specifically targeted on 
older children and adolescents in disadvantage d urban areas, namely through the creation of 
youth consultation centres that provide recreationa l, sports and educational activities with job 
counselling.  
The budget allocated to these prevention projects came from different sources: health, youth or 
social services, youth organisations as well as  local projects supported by local authorities. 
Sweden gives precise details on amounts allocated.  
3.1.1.4 Could you mention and describe briefly a particularly innovative approach to the 
prevention of the abuse of synthe tic drugs develope d in your country? 
Member States are stressing their concern for th e increasing popularity of synthetic drugs in the 
European Union and underline the importance of school-based programmes and information campaigns aimed at young people, but also on the internet, in all media, as well as dance clubs 
and music festivals. The distribution of informative material, the implementation of risk 
reduction measures at parties, pill testing and cooperation with owners of night clubs, medical 
staff and police are also mentioned. 
3.1.2.1, 3.1.2.6, 3.1.2.7 Has your country deve loped outreach work and/or easy accessible 
services for drug users? Which steps were taken to increase access and availability of 
services designed to reach dr ug abusers who were not integr ated or covered by mainstream 
services? Please describe these briefly. Which were the strategies for vaccinating drug users 
against hepatitis A and B? 
Several Member States ha ve adopted integrated policies for risk reduction which propose « low-
threshold » services, such as programmes for syri nge exchange, condom distribution, access to 
substitution treatments and drug cons umption rooms. Certain high risk  groups such as addicted 
pregnant women, homeless people, prostitutes and prison inmates can benefit from specific 
programmes. Vaccination against Hepatitis B, prev ention and treatment of contagious diseases 
linked to intravenous drug abuse has been recogn ised as priorities by all Member States.  
3.1.2.2, 3.1.2.3, 3.3.1 Please report briefly on any awareness raising campaigns carried out 
on the dangers related to drug use as well as on major programmes on the reduction of 
risks and consequences related to use. Do the actions target all age groups, in particular 
children and young people? In what sense have these campaigns been innovative and have 
made use of new means of communicatio n such as, for example, the Internet? 
All Member states underline the importance of information/awareness campaigns on drug related 
risks and organise regular campaigns in the media for the general public, as well as specific ones 
 
FR 18   FR directed at target groups. Campaigns aimed at spec ific substances (cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy…) 
are also mentioned. The spread of hotlines on drugs and the use of internet in the field of demand reduction seem to be increasing in all countries. 
Sweden gives a number of examples of messag es aimed at young at young people in different 
campaign contexts. Finland mentionnes a specific emphasis in the use of internet in drug demand 
reduction. 
3.1.2.4 In which way does your country ensure th at enough attention is paid to drug related 
issues in training and education of doctors, social workers and other professionals in the health and social sector? Are they included in the curricula of the education of these 
professionals? 
Training of teachers, social workers, health prof essionals, and law enforcement representatives is 
a priority in all Member States and budgets ha ve been allocated for th is purpose. In several 
countries (Ireland, France, Germany, Portugal), sp ecialisations in addiction, alcoholism, , and 
new substitution treatments are organised with in the context of university courses.  
3.1.2.5 Has any research been carried out in your country about the effects of driving under 
the influence of illicit drugs and pharmaceutic als? If yes, could you  please summarize the 
results which could be relevant for policy decisions? 
Several Member States (Belgium, Denmark, Fr ance, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, The 
Netherlands, Finland and UK) announced having u ndertaken research on driving under the 
influence of illegal substances, or in associatio n with alcohol and/or medicines. In many cases 
legislation was reviewed and controls and sancti ons reinforced. On the other hand, even though 
testing for alcohol is compulsory, testing driver s involved in accidents for narcotics is not yet 
systematic. 
3.1.3.1 Which are the types of treatment servic es for drugs users, and measures to assist 
severely dependent individuals, including meas ures to reduce the health related damages 
provided in your country?  Please describe briefly 
In accordance with their national situation and le gislation, Member States have diversified drug 
care systems, which can include day-care centre s, detoxification units, therapeutic communities, 
substitution centres, aftercare prog rammes and special units in prison s. Frequently carried out at 
local level and in collaboration with NGO’s, th ey are directed towards different age groups, 
gender specific needs and drug dependent pe ople in different stag es of dependence. 
Some Member States have also underlined the existence of drug consumption rooms and 
programmes of medical heroin delivery (Belgium, Germany). 
3.1.3.2 Which are the average waiting periods for accessing treatment in your country? 
Member States indicate that, after investments in treatment services mainly  at local level, there 
are no waiting periods for accessing treatment othe r than for residential treatment and substitution 
treatment. 
 
FR 19   FR 3.1.3.3 Has your country defined guidelines  for the standards and goals of treatment 
services, and ensured the evidence-based evalua tion of these treatments? If yes, please 
briefly describe the outcome. Does your country have a national protocol on treatment 
assessment? 
The majority of Member States has not developed models for the systematic and global 
evaluation of drug treatment. However, scientific  research on the effectiveness of the proposed 
measures is undertaken using the monitoring of drug-addicts under treatment (among other 
indicators).  
3.1.3.4 In which way does your country ensure that  adequate attention is paid to the social 
and professional integration of former addicts?  Please describe briefly the most relevant 
measures adopted in this area, including any projects implemented under the Community 
Programmes between 1999 and 2003 
The professional and social integration of drug addicts, considered very important by all Member 
States, is promoted in co-operation with NGO’s, local authorities and the business community, to 
provide for educational programmes, vocational tr aining and special employment opportunities 
for ex-addicts. The Netherlands and UK underline the programmes aimed at tackling this issue 
within the criminal justice system and the measures to prepare the drug misusing offender 
reintegration into the labour market. 
3.2.2 Have the resources for research into the biomedical and social causes of addiction, 
prevention and behavioural patterns of drug consumption been modified during the 
reference period? 
Several Member States indicate that they do not ha ve exact figures for functions allocated to drug 
research, by the government departments, un iversities, NGOs, and research institutes. 
Nevertheless, they stress the importance of st udies on epidemiology, public health and social 
sciences in achieving a better definition of public policies. 
3.2.3 Has your country identified new areas wh ere it is considered useful to implement 
actions at the European level to co ntribute to reduce drug-related harm? 
New consumption trends, international and trans- border cooperation are areas generally identified 
as deserving greater attention within the EU.  
3.3.2 How has your country addressed risk beha viour and addiction in general, including 
aspects of alcohol, medicine, substances us ed for doping in sport and tobacco use? 
Member States’ strategies and policies are increa singly geared towards addictions in general, 
linking licit and illicit drugs, with special measures concerning al cohol, tobacco, doping 
substances and abuse of medici nal products. Belgium also takes into account gambling and food 
dependency.  
 
FR 20   FR 3.4.1.1 What programmes have be en set-up in your country to promote best practices in the 
prevention of criminal activities linked with drugs, juvenile  and urban delinquency? 
The prevention of drug related crime, juvenile and urban delinquency is a priority for Member 
States which have allocated funds for programme s based on in-service training of police and 
other prevention agents, information campaigns on drugs and measures for the development of a healthy lifestyle through sports, leisure and educa tional activities, acquisition of specific skills, 
implementation of peer gr oups, counselling/follow up , cultural activities, and 
treatment/counselling activities. 
In the Netherlands, the project “Communities that  care”, which involves civil society, aims to 
create a safe and liveable environment for young people.  
3.4.2 and 3.4.3 Could you describe the mechanisms  in place to provide alternatives to Prison 
(in particular for young offenders). Which meas ures have been foreseen to provide drug 
prevention and treatment services and, where appropriate, measures to reduce health 
damages in prisons and upon release from prison? 
In several Member States(Portuga l, Denmark…), depending the penal system and on the basis of 
the voluntary acceptance of treatment, a large spec trum of alternative measures is proposed to 
drug addicts in order to avoid incarceration: financial penalties and administrative sanctions, 
community work, vocational tr aining and follow-up, etc. 
In view of the high level of drug consumption in prisons, some countries have introduced risk 
reduction measures, such as vaccination progr ammes, needles exchange , drug free rooms, 
substitution treatments by  methadone, etc.  
3.4.4 Please mention the main examples of shar ing with other Member States best practices 
on the handling of drugs addicts in the justice system. In what way were the results of the 
study prepared by the EMCDDA in th is field considered by your country 
Some Member States refer to sharing best practice s in the treatment of drug addicts in the justice 
system through active participation in the European Union Crime Prevention Network (EUCPN) and the European Network Drugs Services in Pris on (ENDSP), as well as cooperation with other 
Member States within the EMCDDA and the Pompidou Group.  
The study of the EMCDDA is referred to by only few countries. 
3.5.1, 3.5.2, 3.5.3 In view of the need to develop expertise in the prevention of drug use, has 
your country promoted the creation of co-ordinated qualification skills in this area? What 
has been done in order to encourage the development and implementation of a network of trainers and other professionals in the health and social sector? How have the best practices 
been promoted and brought to the attention of other Member States and the Commission? 
Training of prevention agents is deemed paramount in all Member States, although efforts must 
still be made to create formal qualifications.  
 
FR 21   FR In the context of health promotion strategies, expert networks and specialised training centres 
have been established to ensure permanent training of the various prevention agents. 
Several Member States underline the role of  the EDDRA and EMCDDA networks, of the 
Pompidou Group and of the HDG in the exchange of information on prevention.  
4. Supply Reduction  
4.1.1.1 Please indicate which measures your country has applied to ensure a high and 
uniform level of security at the external borders of the EU in relation to drugs. 
Within Member States the law enforcement servic es involved in combating drug trafficking are 
involved in close co-operation. This co-operation can take the form of joint groups of risk 
analysis, a network of “contact points” between th e relevant services, special teams of police and 
customs officers, a “coastal-watch” programme involving police, customs and the maritime 
rescue service, memoranda of understanding and operational protocols between the relevant 
services.  
In order to ensure a high level of security at  the EU’s external borders, Member State law 
enforcement services use a range of equipment su ch as drug detection scanners, patrol vessels, 
and drug detector dogs. Member States also refer to the training provided to law enforcement personnel in combating drug trafficking. 
Co-operation also takes place between the law enfo rcement services of different Member States. 
For example, there are police/customs co-operation centres, joint customs operations, and 
participation in training courses by one Member State in those hosted by another Member State. 
The Convention on mutual assistance and co-ope ration between customs administrations (Naples 
II) is also seen to have potential as  a tool for cross- border co-operation. 
4.1.1.3 Has your country, taking into account the existing EU systems for exchange of 
information and working with other Member States in the relevant Council bodies, 
reinforced its efforts against maritime drug trafficking? Has your country organised training courses on the identification and surv eillance of suspicious  vessels, and have you 
established procedures for boarding and sear ching vessels? Has your country implemented 
the principles laid down in Article 17 of the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in 
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances? If  so, please describe briefly how this has 
been done.  
A number of Member States have indicated that they are in a position to operate in accordance 
with the provisions of Article 17 of the 1988 UN Convention against illicit  traffic in narcotic 
drugs and psychotropic substances or have incorporated Article 17 or parts of Article 17 into 
national law (Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Spain, Sweden, and the Netherlands).  
Member States refer to a number of techniques  used for combating maritime drug trafficking 
such as risk profiling, ship surveillance and vessel search techniques. Use is made of the 
maritime information systems such as MAR -INFO and YACHTINFO in  order to exchange 
information on suspected drug trafficking and on drug seizures. Maritime co-operation between 
 
FR 22   FR Member States has led to the capture of ship s which were used for drug smuggling and the 
seizure of illicit drugs. 
Some Member States indicate that they have training courses in the field of combating maritime 
drug trafficking or such training is included as a part of the training provided to the relevant personnel (France, Germany, Irela nd, and the Netherlands). One Member State (France) indicates 
that it has established a guide regarding the implementation of Article 17 of the 1988 UN 
Convention against illicit traffic in narc otic drugs and psycho tropic substances. 
4.1.1.4 Has your country, with the support of  Europol, examined the means to combine 
forensic and law enforcement information in order to identify the production and 
trafficking of synthetic drugs and those involved  in their production and trafficking? What 
are the results of this analysis? 
At national level, Member States combine forensic and law enforcement information in order to 
identify the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs. In, at least, one Member State (France) 
a sharing of databases between the relevant law enforcement agencies containing scientific 
information on synthetic drugs is to be developed. 
Many Member States emphasise the importance of the various EU projects aimed at identifying 
the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs such as CASE, Synthes- lab, EELS, EILCS, and 
CHEDDAR 
4.1.1.5 Has the co-operation between police, customs and judicial authorities been improved 
in your country in the drugs field? Has you r country participated in EU Third Pillar 
Programmes in the field of co-operation between these authorities? Please give details, in 
particular of the results and benefits of such programmes for your country.  
Member State police and customs services participate in joint enforcement operations and 
investigations against drug traffickers, joint tr aining courses and have appointed police/custom 
liaison officers. Some Member States have permanent joint police/customs teams (France, 
Germany, the Netherlands). Greece refers to it s Central Anti-Drug Coordination Body with 
police and customs representation and the UK refers to its Concerted Inter-Agency Drugs Action Group. 
Training courses and seminars aimed at improvin g police, customs and judicial co-operation at 
EU level have received funding from the European Commission under various programmes. In 
the Nordic Member States police and customs collaboration takes place within a specific 
framework PTN (Police and Customs Co-operation in the Nordic Countries). 
4.1.1.6 Has your country implemented the project-based EU law enforcement strategy 
against transnational organised crime to combat drug trafficking? Please describe briefly.  
Techniques used to combat organised crime in clude surveillance, infiltration and phone-taping. 
Investigations into the activities of trans-na tional organised crime groups involved in the 
distribution of drugs have taken place. These investigations have involved the law enforcement 
 
FR 23   FR authorities of several Member States. Member States also participate in relevant Europol 
Analysis Work Files (AWFs) such as Mustard, Cola and Genesis. 
4.1.2.2 and 4.1.2.3 What measures has you r country taken against money laundering? How 
does the analysis and exchange of information between your Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) and other FIUs work?  
All MS have transposed into national law Dire ctive 91/308/CEE of the Council of 10 June 1991 
on prevention of the use of the financial system  for the purpose of money laundering and 11 
(Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Ir eland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, 
and the UK) have transposed Directive 2001/97/C E of the European Parliament and of the 
Council of 4 December 2001 amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC. In addition, Member States have introduced new measures to reduce money laundering such as powers to oppose the 
execution of a transaction and increased powers for the control of travellers who import large sums of money. 
Council Decision of 17 December 2000 relative to the exchange of information between the 
Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of the Member  States provides a primary framework for the 
exchange of information between the FIUs of the Member States. 8 Member States utilise the 
FIU-Net as a means of exchanging information be tween FIUs. Individual Member States also 
exchange information with third country FIUs. Th is exchange of information often takes place 
under the auspices of signed Memoranda of Un derstanding which genera lly are developed in 
accordance with the principles of the Egmont Group. The Egmont Secure Web is also utilised as 
a secure communication network. 
Some Member States also refer to the 40 Reco mmendations of the FATF (Financial Action Task 
Force), the Council Framework Decision on money la undering, identifying, tracing, freezing and 
confiscation of criminal assets and the proceeds  of crime and the Council of Europe Convention 
on laundering, search, seizure and confis cation of the proceeds of crime. 
4.1.2.6 What type of training for customs and police does your country provide in view of 
combating the diversion of chemical precurso rs, including possibly the assistance of the 
Commission and EUROPOL? 
Law enforcement officers receive training in comb ating the diversion of precursors through stand 
alone courses or through courses related to comba ting synthetic drugs production and trafficking. 
Some Member States refer to the assistance provided by Europol in this regard. 
4.2.1 Please describe the join t investigative units which have been established in your 
country between police, customs and othe r law enforcement agencies specifically 
responsible for tackling drug trafficking.  
Some Member States have permanent joint police/customs teams. Other law enforcement 
authorities may be represented on these teams. In other Member States joint police/customs 
investigations take place as the need arises. 
 
FR 24   FR 4.2.2 Please describe the measures your country has taken, with the assistance of Europol 
where appropriate, to reinforce co-operation with other Member States against drug trafficking. In particular, please mention if any joint teams with other Member States have 
been established when dealing with drug tra fficking between Member States. If no such 
teams have been established, please  explain why this is the case.  
Co-operation between Member States against drug trafficking generally takes place through 
exchanges of information, joint investigations or law enforcement co-operation in border areas. 
Some Member States have established a joint poli ce/customs team to combat drug trafficking on 
road and rail routes between them. 6 Member St ates (Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the 
Netherlands and the UK) together with Europol are involved in a European Joint Unit to combat 
serious criminal activity in the field of precursor chemical diversion. 
A number of Member States have transposed in to national law the provisions of the Council 
Framework Decision on joint investigation teams and/or have ratified the EU Convention on 
Mutual Legal Assistance in Criminal Matters or have indicated that legi slation in place already 
enables the setting up of such teams (Austria , Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, the 
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). However, joint investigation teams, as 
provided for in the Framework Decision or th e Convention, dealing with drug trafficking 
between Member States have not been establis hed. Some Member States are involved in 
discussions with regard to forming joint investig ation teams and giving their police and judicial 
authorities additional, more far-reaching powe rs to operate on each other’s territories. 
4.2.3 Please describe the measures your country  has taken to promote regional co-operation 
with other Member States affect ed by similar drug problems.  
A number of Member States (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and Spain) have 
created police and custom co-operation centres on their common borders. Regional systems of exchange of information have be en established by, for example, a permanent liaison bureau and 
the appointment of joint superintendents. Police officers from one Member States participate in 
police officer meetings of another Member State (Belgium and the Netherlands). In addition, a number of Member States have adopted a co-o rdinated regional approach to combating drug 
tourism (Belgium, France, Luxembou rg and the Netherlands). The Nordic Member States are part 
of a regional law enforcement co-operation known as PTN with a significant focus on combating drug-related crime. These Member States and Germany are also part of the Task Force on 
Organised Crime in the Baltic Sea Region. 
4.2.5 In what way does your country promote new investigation techniques, research and 
documentation of drug related crime?  
Member States use investigation techniques such  as controlled deliveries, undercover agents, 
simulated purchases in combating drug trafficki ng and drug related crime. Some Member States 
have at their disposal tools such as a specialist research centre, a national network of drug experts 
and a computerised system for the collection, development and analysis  of data on operations 
against the illegal traffic in drugs. A number of Member States refer to research carried out or 
being carried out on drug-related crime. 
 
FR 25   FR 5. International  
5.1.3 During the reference period, which Cand idate Countries has your country supported, 
with technical assistance and/or finance where necessary, in their efforts to counter drug 
abuse and drug trafficking?  
Almost all Member States have provided assistance  to the candidate countries in their efforts to 
combat drug abuse and trafficking. This assistance has taken a number of forms such as: 
Participation in the PHARE programme and in particular in twinning projects under this 
programme; 
Organisation of study visits and seminars and provision of traini ng to law enforcement officers; 
The signing of bilateral co-operation agreements in relation to internal security matters; 
Funding to the Council of Europe’s Pompidou Group in the framework of training in drug 
demand reduction interventions provided to  Central and Eastern European countries; 
Provision of financial assistance to drug rela ted projects in candidate countries; and  
Provision of technical assistance and equipment. 
5.1.5 Has your country implem ented the pre-accession pact on organised crime and 
extended it to all applicant countries?  
A number of Member States refer to the utilisation of the PHARE programme in the 
implementation of the Pre-accession pact on or ganised crime and to the Council working group 
with responsibility for overseeing its implementation. In the context of the Pre-accession Pact 
contact points have been established. 
5.2.2 and 5.2.3 How has your country co-ordinat ed its projects in third countries with other 
countries, multilateral and international organisa tions to enable their assessment? In this 
framework, has the co-operation with multilateral and international organisations been 
strengthened where this would increase the e ffectiveness of the actions carried out?  
Member States provide drug-related assistance to third countries on a bilateral basis and/or 
through the UNODC. Some Member States (Aus tria, France, Germany, Sweden, and the UK) 
indicate that they co-ordinate their bilateral projects with other Member States, multilateral and international organisations. A number of Member States refer to the provision of information to 
the Commission on drug-related assistance to third countries. The Dublin Group and the “major 
donors group” of the UNODC are cited as primary mechanisms for co-ordination and for strengthening co-operation with multilateral and in ternational institutions. In this regard Member 
States also refer to their membership of or observer status to the UN Commission on Narcotic 
Drugs, the Pompidou Group of the Council of Europe, CICAD and the work of the Paris Pact initiative. In the context of co-operation with  Latin America and the Caribbean some Member 
 
FR 26   FR States refer to the Co-ordination and Co-opera tion Mechanism on Drugs between the EU, Latin 
America and the Caribbean. 
5.2.4 What resources have been made availabl e for third countries fo r the implementation 
of programmes and projects for supply reduc tion and demand reduction? In what way 
have the projects undertaken been reported to  the Horizontal Drugs Group of the Council?  
Many Member States provide financial assistan ce to demand reduction and/or supply reduction 
projects in third countries. Most of these countries indicate that the Commission and the 
Council’s Horizontal Drugs Group are kept inform ed of their drug-related assistance to third 
countries. 
5.2.5 Please describe in what way, in rel ations with non-candidate and non-European 
countries, all relevant Common Foreign and Secu rity Policy (CFSP) instruments take full 
account of the aims of the EU-Drug Strategy.  
A number of Member States (Germany, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands and the UK) affirm that in 
their relations with non-candidate and non-Europe an countries in the framework of the Common 
Foreign and Security Policy they take account of the objectives of the EU Drugs Strategy.  
5.2.6 Has your country drawn up an action plan  on drugs co-operation with North Africa 
and implemented fully the action plans on Latin America and the Caribbean and Central 
Asia?   
No Member State has drawn up an action plan on drugs with North Africa. With regard to the 
implementation of the plans with Latin America and the Caribbean and Central Asia, Member 
States refer to the training, technical and financial assistance they provide and law enforcement operational co-operation. 
5.2.7 Please describe the measures, if any, you r country has taken to help non-EU countries 
and regions to develop their anti-money laundering systems  
A number of Member States refer to co-operati on with non-EU countries to develop and improve 
anti-money laundering systems under the auspices of the Egmont Group (Belgium, France, and 
Greece) and to participation in the work of the Council of Europe’s  anti-money laundering 
programme PC-R-EV recently renamed Moneyva l (Belgium and the Netherlands). Member 
States also refer to participation in the PHARE anti-money laundering programme and in 
initiatives of the FATF (Financial Action Task Force). Other assistance provided by Member States include study visits by/to non-EU Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs), participation in IMF 
and World Bank evaluations, financial support and observer status in FATF regional bodies. 
5.2.8 Please describe the tools used to suppo rt the development of a common international 
set of indicators in the field of demand reduction and to promote a common standard for 
national reporting to international organisations  
Many Member States refer to their participatio n in the work of the EMCDDA in the development 
of a common international set of indicators in th e demand reduction field. Member States also 
 
FR 27   FR refer to the work of the Pompidou Group and the UN and to all of these bodies in the context of 
promoting a common standard for national re porting to international organisations.  
5.2.9 Please describe the meas ures used by your country to  integrate drugs as a cross-
sectional issue into supranational co-operation  schemes (particularly with the developing 
countries)  
Member States affirm that they see drugs as  being a cross-sectional issue and stress the 
importance of dialogue on this issue within bodies such as the Dublin Group and the UN. 
 
FR 28  
 FR ANNEX 2  
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EU ACTION PLAN ON DRUGS 2000-2004: 
FOLLOW-UP TABLE FOR THE COMMI SSION, THE EMCDDA AND EUROPOL  37 
Action State of play Comments 
1. Co-ordination 
1.1 To ensure that the issue of drugs is kept as a 
major priority for EU internal and external 
action (Strategy aim 1)   
1.1.1 The European Union institutions to ensure 
good inter-institutional co-ordination and, in 
particular, each in-coming Presidency of the 
Council to forward its work programme in the field 
of drugs to the Parliament, Economic and Social Committee and Committ ee of Regions. The Commission has a Coordination of anti-drugs 
policy unit located in DG  JAI that chairs the 
Interservices Group on Drugs.  
The Commission is implementing the framework 
agreement signed in July  2000 by the European 
Parliament and Commission. 
Active participation of the Commission, EMCDDA 
and EUROPOL in the relevant working groups of the Council.   
                                                 
37 Only the actions where the Commission, the EMC DDA and EUROPOL are directly involved are analysed. 
 
FR 29  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.1.2 When appropriate, and anyhow in 2002 (mid-
term review) and 2004 (final evaluation) the 
Presidency of the Council to consider the possibility of organising a high level meeting of those involved 
in implementation of present plan. At the initiative of the Commission, the Presidency of 
the EU and the European parliament, a conference on 
drugs policy in the EU was held in 2000. In 2004, a conference was organised by the Presidency entitled 
“EU Strategy on Drugs- the way forward”, and was 
co-financed by the Commission under the AGIS 
programme.  
1.1.3 The Presidency of the Council to provide 
regular opportunities in principle twice a year for 
national drugs co-ordinators or those responsible for 
the co-ordination of drugs policies to meet in the 
framework of the Horizontal Working Party on Drugs to exchange information on national 
developments and to review opportunities for 
increased co-operation. Since the first meeting held in Paris in November 2000 
each Presidency organised a meeting of the national 
drug coordinators. The Commission, EMCDDA and 
EUROPOL participated in these meetings.  
1.1.6 The Council and the  Commission  to integrate 
the issue of drugs in the broader objectives of EU 
external relations, including development co-
operation making full use of the CFSP instruments as well as trade policy instruments and technical 
and financial assistance. EC cooperation with Andean countries, Central Asia, 
Afghanistan and Morocco includes a significant 
number of projects and amounts of resources devoted 
to demand and supply control. To a lesser extent, the Commission also finances drug s projects in other areas 
such as SADC, Pakistan, Burma, etc. The Commission 
has participated actively in Troika Drugs meetings, in the EU/Andean Community High Level Dialogue on 
Drugs and in the Mechanism of Coordination and 
Cooperation on drugs with Latin America and the Caribbean. The GSP Drugs continues to be 
implemented and the Commission has sought to 
defend its WTO compatibility.  
 
FR 30  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.1.7 The Commission  with the assistance of the 
EMCDDA to organise a study to be completed by 
March 2001 to test whether the co-ordination arrangements that are in place could be improved 
and if so in what way. The results of the EMCDDA /Commission study on 
the coordination arrangements in the member States 
was presented at the HDG in December 2002. 
The Commission presented a Communication on co-
ordination on drugs in the EU in November 2003. A 
follow up to this Communication by the Council is expected by the end of 2004.  
1.2 To continue the EU gl obal, multidisciplinary, 
integrated and balanced strategy, in which 
supply and demand reduction are seen as 
mutually reinforcing eleme nts, as underlined by 
the United Nations General Assembly Special Session on Drugs (UNGASS) (Strategy aim 3).    
 
FR 31  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.2.3 The Council to ensure that full use is made of 
the EU agencies, partic ularly Europol and the 
European Monitoring Centre of Drugs and Drug Addiction, in their respec tive fields of competence. The Commission, EMCDDA and Europol participated 
in all the HDG meetings and in Troika meetings. 
The Commission, EMCDDA, EUROPOL and EMEA 
continue to play their respective roles as provided for 
within the framework of the Joint Action on new 
synthetic drugs.  
Seven risk assessments of new synthetic drugs were 
made over the period 2000-2004, resulting in two 
Council decisions on Control measures: PMMA, 28 February 2002 (OJ L 63, 6 March 2002) and 2C-I, 
2C-T-2, 2c-T-7 and TMA-2, 27 November 2003 (OJ 
L321, 6 December 2003). 
A proposal from the Commission regarding the 
reformulation of the JANSD was presented in November 2003 and is under discussion whithin the 
Council. 
A proposal for a Council Regulation regarding the 
recasting of the current EMCDDA Council regulation 
is under discussion whithin the Council. 
Several Council Decisions have been adopted, or are 
in the process of being developed, to initiate or 
strengthen the role of Europol.  Based upon a decision by the Council Europol has 
concluded Co-operation Agreements with a number 
of countries, the Commission, the ECB, Interpol and the UNODC. Discussions on the conclusion of 
further agreements are in progress.  
 
FR 32  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.2.4 The Commission , the Council and the 
Member States to ensure  that the balanced and 
multidisciplinary approach is taken into account and implemented in their drugs programmes and 
policies. The Commission takes into account the balanced and 
multidisciplinary approach in its drugs policies and 
programmes. 
In July 2002, the Council adopted a Decision 
establishing a framework programme on police and 
judicial co-operation in criminal matters (AGIS). 
Among the specific topics included in the AGIS 
Annual Work Programme and call for applications 
2003 and 2004 were measures  to prevent and combat 
drugs trafficking and drug related crime prevention. 
The new Public Health Programme (2003-2008) 
supports activities of a transversal nature in the public 
health field in general, and is thus facilitating a 
balanced and multidisciplinary approach to drug prevention issues more specifically. 
The Commission’s drug projects in third countries 
cover demand and supply reduction and alternative development.   
1.3 To encourage multi-agency co-operation and 
the involvement of civil society (Strategy aim 6)    
1.3.2 All Member States and the Commission  to 
establish a strategy for the co-operation with civil society and community and voluntary groups from 
areas most affected by the problem of drug abuse. Under the new Public Health programme, relevant 
actors can put forward applications for co- funding in the field of drug prevention.  The Commission is preparing a communication on 
the co-operation with the civil society for 2005. 
 
FR 33  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.4 To provide appropriate resources for drugs 
related actions (Strategy aim 11) and social 
consequences of drug abuse.    
1.4.1 The Council and the Commission  to study, in 
the light of current efforts in this field of the 
EMCDDA and Pompidou group, an approach to 
establish a list of all public expenditure on drugs. In November 2000 the Commission put forward an 
overview of all the drug-related budget lines at the 
Horizontal Drugs Group of the Council and has 
provided a regular update to the HDG on its drug related assistance in third countries/ regions. 
EMCDDA published a report on the situation 
regarding the monitoring of public expenditure in the 
Member States in the first half of 2002. A specific 
chapter of the EMCDDA 2003 Annual Report has been dedicated to public expenditures on reducing 
demand.   
 
 
FR 34  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
1.4.2 Member States and the Commission  to 
encourage the provision of  appropriate funding for 
proactive measures, including the prevention of drug use, the prevention of drug related crime, and 
the reduction of the negative health and social 
consequences of drugs. The Programme of Community Action on the 
Prevention of Drug Dependence was running from 
1996 to 2002: 184 project s were supported, accounting 
for almost 37.5 million euros. For the years covered by 
the EU Action Plan on Drugs, the numbers were: 25 
projects accounting for 5.5 million euros (2000), 18 projects accounting for 5.1 million euros (2001) and 
17 projects accounting for 5.1 million euros (2002). 
The New Public Health Programme, which includes 
drug prevention as a health determinant, entered into 
force on 1 January 2003 and will run for six years.  
In July 2002, the Council adopted a Decision 
establishing a framework programme on police and 
judicial co-operation in criminal matters (AGIS). 
Among the specific topics included in the AGIS 
Annual Work Programme and call for applications 
2003 and 2004 was drug related crime prevention. Previously, Community funding for the prevention of 
drug related crime was provided under the Hippocrates 
programme. 
A Eurobarometer on Urban Safety linked in particular 
to drug dependence was carried out in 2000.  
 
FR 35  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
2. Information and evaluation  
2.1 To ensure collection, analysis and 
dissemination of objective, reliable and comparable data on the drugs phenomenon in 
the EU with the support of EMCDDA and 
Europol (Strategy aim 8)  In November 2002, the Commission presented its 
Communication on the mid term evaluation of the EU 
Action Plan on Drugs. 
Since 2001, in addition to the hard copy, the 
EMCDDA Annual Report on  the state of the drug 
problem in the EU, is available electronically on the Centre’s website. National reports are also published 
on the website, including the ones of the 3 candidate’s 
countries. 
Europol drafts an annual ‘European Union Situation 
Report on Drug Production and Drug Trafficking’, in 
addition to ad-hoc reports on drug-related matters, 
Catalogues, Manuals and the annual ‘Organised Crime 
Report’.  
 
FR 36  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
2.1.1. The Member States  according to technical 
tools and guidelines provided by EMCDDA to give 
reliable information on the five key epidemiological indicators in a comparable  form drawn up by the 
EMCDDA and adopted by the Council: 
1. extent and pattern of drug use in the general 
population 
2. prevalence of problem drug use 
3. demand for treatment by drug users 4. drug-related deaths an d mortality of drug users 
5. drug-related infectious  diseases (HIV, hepatitis) Methodological work has been completed to formalize 
data collection and reporting structure for the 5 key 
indicators by EMCDDA and its partners. 
The EMCDDA guidelines on the 5 key indicators 
were formally adopted by the EMCDDA Management 
Board and incorporated into a Council resolution in December 2001. 
Regarding the implementation of the 5 key indicators, 
regular technical meeti ngs have taken place. 
 Consolidated data from different Member States 
now allows new analysis to be conducted that were 
previously infeasible. 
 
 
The existence of agreed and high quality reporting 
standards has facilitated integration of the new 
member states into the  
EU reporting system.  
 
FR 37  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
2.1.3. The EMCDDA to develop indicators on drugs 
related crime, the availability of illicit drugs 
(including at street level) and drug related social exclusion. *Drug-related crime: 2 meetings were organised in 
2002 and 2003 to establish a definition of ‘drug-
related crime’ and review potential methods to assess its different components.  
The EMCDDA is to report to the HDG on the state of 
play in relation to its work on drug related crime, before the end of 2004. 
*Drug availability: an expert group was set up in 2002 
and has met every year since then to develop a module of questions on drug availability to be included in the 
European Model Questionnaire (EMQ) for population 
surveys; 
*Drug-related social exclusion: a detailed structure on 
the various issues related to social exclusion and drugs was developed and a Key Issue on drug-related social 
exclusion was published in the EMCDDA 2003 
Annual Report.  A meeting on crime and supply data foreseen in 
2004 should allow reviewing and improving 
standards to collect and analyse data on drug law offences in the EU. 
A meeting on crime and supply data foreseen in 
2004 should allow to review and improve standards to collect and analyse data on drug availability 
(seizures, price, purity, tablets’ contents) in the EU. 
Further conceptualising work is needed for 
developing indicators of drug-related social 
exclusion at EU level. 
2.1.4. The Member States and the EMCDDA, 
within existing financial limits, to ensure that the 
National Focal Points have the necessary political 
and financial support to implement the five harmonised key indicators. The results of the external evaluation on the REITOX 
network were examined by the EMCDDA 
Management Board and taken into account in its day 
to day work. 
EMCDDA annual financial contribution to REITOX 
focal points was indexed in 2002. Ongoing efforts are still required to ensure 
comparable data are available from all countries. 
 
 
FR 38  
 FR Action State of play Comments 
2.1.6 The Commission , in co-operation with the 
Monitoring Centre, to launch a Eurobarometre 
study on attitudes of the public, especially youth, to drugs throughout the EU every two years. Eurobarometers on attitudes and opinions of young 
people in the European Union on drugs have been 
carried out in 2002 and in 2004. The Commission will take into account the results 
in the final evaluation of the EU Action Plan. 
2.1.7 The Commission  to promote the 
establishment of a European system to assess and to 
encourage Member States to develop a network of national expert centres in the field of toxicological 
analysis as well as clinical database and 
experimental, clinical or epidemiological studies. Continuous promotion of European networks through 
relevant Community programmes, in particular the 
new Public Health Programme (and formerly the Programme of Community Action on the Prevention 
of Drug Dependence) and Research and Development 
Framework Programme. Under the 6
th Research and Development 
Framework Programme, a project on Genomics and 
mechanisms of addiction has been selected for funding in the Second Call for Proposals and 
negotiations will take place in 2004. The aims of 
this are (i) identification of genes involved in the 
development and mediation of addiction to various 
drugs (including nicotine, alcohol and polydrug exposure), (ii) functional genomics of newly 
identified genes, (iii) developing and establishing 
suitable animal models of addiction. 
2.1.8 Europol and the EMCDDA to develop a standardised database on drug seizures, to be 
introduced in all Member  States and based upon 
harmonised criteria and indicators. Europol, in co-operation with volunteering Member 
States and the EMCDDA, developed the Collection 
Model for a harmonised database system on law 
enforcement drug seizure statistics. This has resulted in a Council Recommendation, in which Member 
States and, within their respective mandate the 
Commission, Europol and the EMCDDA are recommended to use the Model.  
 
FR 39  
 FR  
2.2 To ensure that actions against drugs are evaluated 
(strategy aim 2).    
2.2.1 The Commission  to organise appropriate 
evaluations at mid-term and completion of the Drugs Strategy (2000-2004) on the basis of the present Action 
Plan, and to present the reports to the Council and the 
Parliament. The Commission presented a communication on the mid 
term evaluation of the EU drugs action plan in November 2002. The Commission intends to present a 
communication on the final evaluation of the EU Drugs 
Strategy and the EU Drugs Action Plan 2000-2004 in October 2004. 
For the evaluation process, the EMCDDA and EUROPOL 
have produced a snapshot on the evolution of the drugs 
situation over the period. In addiction, the EMCDDA has 
produced a selection of thematic papers to assist the Commission in the final evaluation process.  
2.2.2 Work should be taken forward by 
EMCDDA/Europol drawing on expertise from Member 
States to underpin the EU drugs strategy with measurable targets so that assessments can be made of progress in 
achieving objectives. This work could be completed, if 
possible by the end of 2000. In 2001 EMCDDA and EUROPOL, working closely with 
their national partners, produced a report designed to 
identify criteria, to help underpin the Commission's evaluation of the Union's 2000-04 drugs strategy. 
The assessment criteria have been adopted by the 
Horizontal Working Party on Drugs and have been used by the Commission for the Mid-term evaluation of the Drugs 
Strategy (2000-2004) and are also being used for the Final 
Evaluation.   
 
FR 40  
 FR 2.2.3 The Council, on the basis of the work done by the 
Horizontal Working Party on Drugs to identify best 
practices of the Member States and the Commission  in 
the field of drugs in co-operation notably with the Drug 
Trafficking group, the Multidisciplinary group on 
organised crime and the Health group.  The final report on the second round of evaluation - law 
enforcement and its role in fighting drug trafficking was 
noted by the Council in 2003. 
Europol has created and maintains a Knowledge 
Management Centre, which handles information on 
expertise and best practises.  
A final evaluation of the Programme of Community 
Action on the Prevention of Drug Dependence is expected 
to be completed in 2004.  
The Commission to be assist ed by the EMCDDA in 
identifying best practices in the field of demand reduction, 
with a view to submitting uniform information for the 
EMCDDA annual report.  
 
FR 41  
 FR 2.2.5 The Commission  to organise an appropriate 
assessment of : 
- the effectiveness of the Joint Action on synthetic drugs 
of June 1997 taking into account the evaluation by the 
EMCDDA of the early warning system. 
- Community legislation and its implementation in the 
field of control of the trad e in chemical precursors. The Commission launched in 20 02 an external assessment 
of the effectiveness of the Joint Action on synthetic drugs, 
and on the bases of this external assessment, the Commission adopted in October 2003 a proposal for a 
Council Decision on info rmation exchange, risk 
assessment and control of new narcotic drugs and new synthetic drugs. This proposal is under discussion at the 
HDG. 
The evaluation on the precursors legislation was 
completed in October 2002 by an external consultant 
engaged by the Commission for this purpose. The report 
from the Consultant was submitted to the Drug Precursors 
Committee. On the basis of the recommendations made in 
this evaluation, the Commission made a proposal for a new Council Regulation laying down rules for the monitoring 
of trade in certain substances used for the illicit 
manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. 
 
A regulation of the European Parliament and the Council 
(273/2004) relating to the intra-community trade in 
precursors was adopted on 11 February 2004.  The aim of the new Council Decision is to 
wider the scope of the JASD, covering 
drugs of natural origin, imposing deadlines for providing information, 
carrying out risks assessments of the new 
substances and introducing control measures. 
 
 The aim of the Council Regulation 
includes to strengthen import controls for 
synthetic drug precursors, to strengthen 
customs controls on precursors at the 
external border, to strengthen export authorisation requirements, and to 
strengthen controls on intermediary 
activities. 
 
 
  
This Regulation will strengthen the 
control regime for the intra community trade in drug precursors, whilst enhancing 
the transparency for enterprises and the 
legitimate trade in chemicals. 
 
FR 42  
 FR 2.2.6 Member States and Europo l, assisted by scientists, 
to assess the effectiveness of preventing and combating 
organised drug-related crime and to develop crime and policy indicators. Europol and the Commission have carried out a study on 
the prevention of organised crime, including organised 
drug-related crime. The study  contains proposals for a 
strategy on preventive measur es against organised crime.  
2.2.7 Member States and Europo l, assisted by scientists, 
to draft an annual assessment on the role of organised 
crime groups involved in drug trafficking. Europol produces the annual ‘Organised Crime Report’, 
based on contributions by the Member States and taking 
into account reports received from countries outside the European Union. One aspect of the report covers the 
activities of organised crime groups involved in drug 
trafficking. A Contact and Support Network of Member States’ representatives, some of whom have a scientific 
background, assists in the drafting of the report. 
  
3. Reduction of Demand, Prevention of Drug use and 
of Drug Related Crime 
3.1 To give greater priority to drug prevention and 
demand reduction,  particularly new recruitment to 
drug use, as well as the reduction of the adverse 
consequences of drug use (Strategy aim 4)    
3.1.1 to reduce significantly over five years the 
prevalence of drug use, as we ll as new recruitment to it, 
particularly among young people under 18 years of age 
(Strategy target 1)    
 
FR 43  
 FR 3.1.1.1 Member States and the Commission  to develop 
comprehensive prevention programmes for both licit and 
illicit drugs and also covering poly-drug use. (…) The Programme of Community Action on the Prevention 
of Drug Dependence ran from 1996 to 2002. The new 
Public Health Programme was adopted on 23 September 2002 and implemented on 1 January 2003. It will run until 
31 December 2008. One of the general objectives of the 
Public Health Programme is to  promote health and prevent 
disease through addressing health determinants (incl. 
drugs) across all policies and activities. 
The EMCDDA supports, with  the assistance of the 
Commission, the disseminating of best practices and 
results including in the field of drug prevention and poly- 
drug use, through the EDDRA database. Drugs in Focus No. 5 relates to “Drug 
Prevention in EU Schools” and No. 10 
relates to “Drug Use among Vulnerable Young People”. 
3.1.1.2 The Commission  to ensure that full use is made 
of the existing Community programmes to counter social 
exclusion and urban delinquency, and foster social reintegration.  The European Social Fund and the URBAN programme 
are used for these purposes.  
3.1.1.4 Member States and the Commission  further to 
develop innovative approaches to the prevention of the 
abuse of synthetic drugs, taking into account the specificities of synthetic drug users. Included among the activities undertaken in the 
Programme of Community Action on the Prevention of 
Drug Dependence, continued under the framework of the New Public Health Programme. 
Among the tasks provided for in the Sixth Framework 
Research and Development Programme. A specific suggestion for a Network of 
Excellence will be put to the Horizontal 
Group on Drugs for the FOURTH and final Call for Proposals by DG RTD. 
3.1.2 to reduce substantially over five years the incidence of drug-related health damage (HIV, hepatitis, TBC, etc.) 
and the number of dr ug-related deaths (S trategy target 2)    
 
FR 44  
 FR 3.1.2.2 Member States and the Commission  to plan and 
implement innovative awareness raising campaigns on 
the dangers related to drug use and programmes on the reduction of risks and adverse consequences related to 
drug use. These campaigns must be well targeted and 
implemented in co-operation with the target groups.  Among the actions in the framework of the Programme of 
Community Action on the Prevention of Drug 
Dependence, continued in the framework of the New Public Health Programme. 
  
3.1.2.3 Member States and the Commission  to make use 
of new means of communication (eg the internet) to provide objective, reliable and accessible information on 
drugs and the dangers associated with them. Among the activities in the framework of the Programme 
of Community Action on the Prevention of Drug Dependence, continued in the framework of the New 
Public Health Programme. Special  references to the use of 
new means of communication are made both in the Public Health Programme and in the 2004 Work Plan.  
 
FR 45  
 FR 3.1.2.5 The Commission  and Member States to 
undertake research into the effects of driving under the 
influence of illicit drugs and pharmaceuticals.  Le programme d'action européen pour la sécurité routière 
"Réduire de moitié le nombre de victimes de la route dans 
l'Union européenne d'ici 2010: une responsabilité partagée (COM(2003) 311 final du 2 juin 2004), ainsi que la 
Résolution du Conseil du 27 novembre 2003 relative à la 
lutte contre la consommation de substances psychoactives associée aux accidents de la route (JO C97 du 22.4.2004) 
reprennent de façon générale les recommandations du 
groupe d'experts de la Commission "Alcool, drugs, medicines and driving".  
In 2002 the Commission launched a joint study with the 
US Administration to assess the performance and use of 
roadside drug-testing equipment. The findings of this study 
are expected to be available in 2005.  
La Commission a participé a la conférence sur la sécurité 
routière organisée par le groupe Pompidou en 2003 qui a 
mis en évidence l` évolution des législations des Etats Membres et de certains pays tiers et a permis l` échange 
des résultats des travaux entre les participants. 
Une Recommandation de la Commission du 21 octobre 
2003 (Commission Recommendation of 21 October 2003 
on enforcement in the field of road safety (2004/345/EC) 
(OJ L 111 of 17.4.2004 pp. 75-82 and corrigendum in OJ L 120 of 24.4.2004, P. 65)) relative à l'application de la 
réglementation dans le domaine de la sécurité routière 
prévoit que les Etats membres transmettent à la Commission des informations sur l'impact de la 
consommation de  drogues sur les accidents. The 
Recommendation will be evaluated before April 2007 (3 years after its publication). Research on the influence of alcohol, 
drugs and medicines on driving is 
included in the call for proposals (29.06.2004) for indirect RTD actions in 
the area of sustainable surface transport. 
 
FR 46  
 FR 3.1.3 to increase substantially the number of successfully 
treated addicts (Strategy target 3)   
3.2. To make full use of the new possibilities offered 
by the Treaty, particularly  the articles on health 
protection and research (Strategy aim 7)    
3.2.1 The Commission  to ensure that drug prevention is 
identified as a key component of the future public health 
programme. The New Public Health Programme was adopted on 23 
September 2002, and entered into force on 1 January 2003. 
Drug prevention is identified as a key component in the programme (reference is made to the general objective 
stated in Article 2, 2, c, and the Annex 3.1).  
3.2.2 Member States and the Commission  to provide 
adequate resources for resear ch into the biomedical and 
social causes of addiction, the prevention and origins of 
addiction, and behavioural patterns of drug consumption. The Commission  to support the inclusion of this area of 
research as a priority in the Community Programme for 
Research and Development. Section 2.6, task 8 of the Scientific support for policies” 
part of the Six Framework Research and Development 
programme, specifically relates to drugs research. 
Other possibilities for drug research exist in chapters such 
as the chapters 1.1.1 "Genomics & Biotechnology for 
Health", as well as unde r 2. "Strengthening the 
Foundations of the European Research Area" of the programme. 
Three drug research projects have been financed under the 
current programme to date.   
3.2.3. The Commission and Member States to identify 
new areas, such as the spread of best practice, training 
and networking, where action at the European level could 
help reduce drug related harm. A Council Recommendation on the prevention and 
reduction of health-related harm associated with drug 
dependence was adopted on 18 June 2003.  
Under the New Public Health Programme, activities in the 
field of drug related harm can be financed.  
 
FR 47  
 FR  
3.3 To adopt a comprehensive approach    
3.3.1 The Commission  and the Member States to develop and 
implement preventive actions and strategies for all age groups, 
particularly children and young people. The Programme of Community Action on the Pr evention of Drug Dependence was aimed at 
all age groups, in particular young people. 
The New Public Health Programme  aims at all age groups. In the Annex (3.1) it is stated 
that actions on health determinants, among  other actions, should include age-specific 
strategies.   
3.3.2 The Commission  and Member States within their respective 
competences to address in this connection and when appropriate, 
risk behaviour and addiction in general, including aspects of 
alcohol, medicine, substances used for doping in sport, and 
tobacco use. A Council Recommendation on the prevention and reduction of health-related harm 
associated with drug dependence was adopted on 18 June 2003.  
A Directive on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of 
the Member States concerning the manufacture,  presentation and sale of tobacco products, 
was adopted on 18 July 2001. A Directive on the approximation of the laws, regulations and 
administrative provisions of the Member States relating to the advertising and sponsorship 
of tobacco products, was adopted on 20 June 2003.  
A Council Recommendation on the prevention of smoking and on initiatives to improve 
tobacco control, was adopted on 25 January 2003.  
 
FR 48  
 FR  
3.4 To prevent crime linked to drugs, notably 
juvenile and urban delinquency    
3.4.1 to reduce substantially over five years the 
number of drug related crimes (Strategy target 5)   
  
3.4.1.1 The Commission  and Member States to 
set up programmes to promote best practice in the 
prevention of criminal activities linked among 
other issues  to drugs, juvenile and urban 
delinquency. In July 2002, the Council adopted a Decision 
establishing a framework programme on police and 
judicial co-operation in criminal matters (AGIS). 
Among the specific topics included in the AGIS Annual Work Programme and call for applications 2003 and 
2004 were preventing urban crime, drug related crime 
and juvenile delinquency. Previously, Community 
funding for the prevention of drug related crime was 
provided under the Hippocrates programme. 
In May 2001, the Council established the European 
Crime Prevention network (EUCPN). The secretariat of 
the EUCPN is located whithin the Commission.  
3.4.1.2 The Council and the Commission  to 
develop a common comparable definition of the 
term drug related crimes on the basis of work by 
Europol and EMCDDA in order to enable a serious comparison of the number of drug related 
crimes. EMCDDA and Europol presented on 3 November 2003 
a joint proposal for a common definition of the term 
drug-related crime to the HDG. 
The HDG took note of this proposal and invited the 
EMCDDA to develop its current work in this field and 
to report on the state of implementation of this work 
before the end of 2004. The EMCDDA organised a 1
st expert meeting in 
2002 to review various definitions of drug-related 
crime and agree on a consensual definition. A 
definition was then developed and discussed with Europol in order to make a joint proposal at the 
Horizontal Working Party on Drugs. A 2
nd expert 
meeting was organised by the EMCDDA in 2003 to review potential indicators of drug-related crime. 
However, as mentioned above under 2.1.3., further 
conceptualising work is needed to develop indicators of specific aspect s of drug-related crime. 
 
FR 49  
 FR 3.4.4 The Commission  and Member States to 
consider the results of  a study by the EMCDDA 
into the law and practice in the EU Member States on the handling of drug addicts in the justice 
system, including issues such as identification of 
drug addicts following arrest, alternatives to prison, and treatment facilities within the penal 
system. On this basis, the Commission  and 
Member States to consider how to share best practice in the area of hand ling of drug addicts in 
the justice system. EMCDDA published the study on criminal proceedings 
linked to drug use in March 2001. 
The EMCDDA collects and analyses information on 
assistance to drug users in prisons in cooperation with 
the European Network on Dr ug Services in Prisons 
(ENDHSP). Drug use in Prisons was a selected issue in the 
2002 EMCDDA Annual Report and Alternatives to 
prison will be in the 2004 EMCDDA Annual Report. The publication Drugs in Focus Nº. 7 was 
on “Treating Drug Users in Prison”. 
3.5 Training and Interchange of experience in 
the prevention of drug use    
3.5.2 Member States and the Commission  to 
develop and implement a network of trainers and 
professionals in the health  and social sector who 
work with drug users. Several European networks of professionals are 
established in Europe, co-financed by the Programme of 
Community Action on the Prevention of Drug Dependence. Financing continues under the New Public 
Health Programme.  
   
3.5.3 Member States to promote the exchange of 
best practice in the area of prevention and to 
ensure that all successful programmes are brought 
to the attention of other Member States and the Commission .  Among the activities within the new Public Health 
Programme and within the ongoing work programme of 
EMCDDA. Publication of Drugs in Focus Nº 5 “Drug 
Prevention in EU Schools”, Nº 10 “Drug Use 
among Vulnerable Young People”. Several 
publications on successful school prevention and selective prevention available on the EMCDDA 
Website. 
 
FR 50  
 FR 4. Supply Reduction 
4.1 To reinforce the fi ght against organised 
crime, illicit drug trafficking and related organised crime as well as other drug-related 
crime, and to step up  police, customs and 
judicial co-operation between Member States (Strategy aim 5)    
4.1.1 To reduce substantially over five years the  
availability of illicit drugs (Strategy target 4)   
4.1.1.1 Member States to ensure a high an uniform 
level of security at the external borders of the EU, 
and where appropriate, to establish joint control 
teams, including for example, police, customs immigration and border guards The Commission presented a proposal for a Council 
Regulation establishing the European Agency for the 
Management of Operational at the external Borders of 
Members States of the European Union in November 2003. JHA Council reached political agreement on the 
Commission proposal in March 2004. Formal adopting 
pending. The European Agency for the Management of 
Operational Co-operation at the External Borders 
of the Member States of the EU should be 
operational from 2005. 
4.1.1.2 The Council and the Commission , with 
the assistance of Europol, to prepare EU 
guidelines for combating illicit drugs activities via 
new technologies and in particular the internet.  The Commission put forward a Communication on 
Cyber crime.  Europol, in co-operation with the Member States, 
launched a project on High Technology Crime, 
including drug-related offences, with the intention 
to establish a High Technology Centre at Europol. 
 
FR 51  
 FR 4.1.1.3 Member States, with the assistance of 
Europol, taking into account the existing EU 
systems for exchange of information, to work together in the relevant Council bodies, to 
reinforce their efforts against maritime drug 
trafficking, including the provision of training on the identification and surveillance of suspicious 
vessels and establishing procedures for boarding 
and searching vessels where appropriate. Member States should recognise the importance of 
implementing the principles laid down in 
Article 17 of the UN Convention against Illicit 
Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic 
substances. Between 2000 and 2004, several joint customs 
operations on drugs trafficking (including maritime 
trafficking) have been organised, with Community co-financing, involving in many cases all customs 
administrations of the EU.  
 
4.1.1.4 Member States, with the assistance of 
Europol, to further consider the possibilities of 
combining forensic and law enforcement 
information, with a view to identifying the production and trafficking of synthetic drugs, the 
composition of such drugs, and those involved in 
their production and trafficking. To that extent, Member States' forensic laboratories should 
exchange information on the analysis of samples 
taken from synthetic drugs seizures. If appropriate the results should be made available to relevant 
health authorities in the Member States. A number of EU projects in this field exist, such as: 
Comprehensive Action against synthetic drugs in 
Europe (CASE), European Joint Unit in precursors 
(EJUP), and European Illicit Laboratories Comparison System (EILCS). 
EUROPOL and the Commission presented a report on 
these projects to the HDG in December 2003.  
In April 2004, the Commission presented to the HDG 
suggestions for possible further improvements of the 
methods of mapping distribution networks of synthetic drugs in the EU. 
Europol has evaluated and upgraded the Europol 
Ecstasy Logo System (EELS) relating to the collection, 
assessment and dissemination of law enforcement and 
ballistic data on ecstasy seizures, involving all Member 
States.  A Council recommendation regarding guidelines 
for taking samples of seized drugs was adopted in 
the first semester of 2004. 
 In line with a Council Resolution adopted in 
November 2002, a Commission questionnaire on 
the generic classification and emergency list approach to synthetic drug s was forwarded to the 
Member States. The results of this questionnaire 
were presented by the Commission to the Council’s Horizontal Drugs Group (HDG) in June 2003. 
Work is still ongoing on this issue and the 
Commission hopes to be in a position to provide a further report to the HDG before the end of this 
year.  
 
FR 52  
 FR 4.1.1.5 The Commission  to support, as 
appropriate, efforts by Me mber States to improve 
police, customs and judicial co-operation, notably through exchange and training programmes, 
taking advantage of the experience and results of 
the existing third pillar programmes. In July 2002, the Council adopted a Decision 
establishing a framework programme on police and 
judicial co-operation in criminal matters (AGIS). 
Among the specific topics included in the AGIS Annual 
Work Programme and call for applications 2003 and 
2004 was drug related crime prevention and measures to prevent and combat drugs trafficking. Covering the 
period 2002/2007, the AGIS programme extends the 
work of the programmes that  formally operated under 
Title VI TEU and incorporates the activities previously 
funded under budget heading 18 07 02 “Preparatory 
actions for a programme to combat drug “trafficking”.  
4.1.1.6 Member States and Europol to implement 
the project-based EU la w enforcement strategy 
against transnational organised crime to combat drug trafficking. 
 The strategy is being implemented by Europol and the 
Member States in the framew ork of Analysis Work Files 
as provided for by the Europol Convention. Within these AWFs the Target Oriented Approach (TOA) and 
Regional Approach (RA) are being applied, whereby 
within individual sub-projects different criminal groups are being targeted by those Member States that have a 
direct interest in the investigations. Further 
implementation may take place in other forms of international law enforcement and judicial co-operation, 
e.g. joint investigative teams.  
4.1.2. to reduce substantially over five years 
money-laundering and illicit trafficking of precursors (Strategy target 6)   
 
FR 53  
 FR 4.1.2.1 The Commission  to report regularly to the 
Council on the control of money laundering in the 
EU, actions undertaken in the previous year, and proposed action in the year to come. A second anti-money laundering Directive, extending 
and updating the 1991 Dir ective, was adopted in 
December 2001.  
A proposal for a third anti- money laundering directive 
was adopted by the Commission in June 2004. 
A Protocol to the Europol Convention has extended the 
mandate of Europol to all money laundering irrespective 
of whether Europol has also mandate in connection with 
the predicate offence. Howe ver, only a handful of 
Member states have ratified and the Protocol has not 
therefore entered into force. Agreement was reached on a Framework Decision 
concerning the confiscation of the instrumentalities 
and proceeds of crime and a protocol to the Convention on Mutual Assistance in Criminal 
Matters of 29 May 2000, relating specifically to 
financial crime. 
A Council Decision was adopted in October 2000 
to ensure and facilitate co-operation between 
Financial Intelligence Units. A draft Framework Decision on the laundering of Crime Related 
Proceeds received political agreement in December 
2002. 
A Framework Decision on the mutual recognition 
of orders freezing property and evidence was adopted in July 2003. A draft Framework Decision 
on the mutual recognition of confiscation orders 
received political agreem ent in April 2004. 
 
FR 54  
 FR 4.1.2.4 The Commission  to report regularly to the 
Council on the control of the diversion of illicit 
chemical precursors, actio ns undertaken in the 
previous year, and proposed  action in the year to 
come. The Commission has put forward: 
1. A proposal for a new Council Regulation laying down 
rules for the monitoring of trade in certain substances used for the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and 
psychotropic substances. This proposal is currently 
under discussion at Council level. 
2. A new Regulation, 273/2004 was adopted on 11 
February 2004, replacing the Council Directive 
92/109/EEC. This Regulation will strengthen the control 
regime for the intra community trade in drug precursors, 
whilst enhancing the transparency for enterprises and 
the legitimate trade in chemicals.  
A precursors agreement with Turkey has been 
concluded; it was ratified by the Turkish Grand National 
Assembly on 21 April 2004 and enter into force on 1st 
August 2004. 
Bilateral joint follow-up group meetings with USA and 
Andean Countries have recently taken place. 
The negotiations of further precursors agreements with 
third countries is being consid ered (for instance with the 
ASEAN countries)  A draft Commission Regulation to implement the 
new proposal for a Council Regulation is currently 
under discussion in the Drugs Precursors Committee. 
The Commission organized a Conference (through 
TAIEX) focused on Control of Precursor Chemicals in September 2001. 
4.1.2.5 The Commission  to establish, in co-
operation with the Member States, a procedure for 
the voluntary monitoring of the non-scheduled 
chemical precursors of synthetic drugs in co-operation with the chemical industry. Commission guidelines and a list of non-controlled 
chemicals subject to volunt ary monitoring measures 
have been produced to assist the chemical industry. 
These have been disseminated to Member Stares and have been sent out to the chemical industry.   
 
FR 55  
 FR 4.1.2.6 Member States, with  the assistance of the 
Commission  and Europol where appropriate, to 
provide training for customs and police in combating the diversion of chemical precursors. Europol, in co-operation with Member States’ experts 
and the Commission, has developed and organises on a 
regular basis a European Union Training Course for trainers on the combating of illicit synthetic drug 
laboratories. As a result, trained trainers organised 
courses in two Member Stat es, (with the assistance of 
Europol) for police, customs officers, forensic experts 
and members of the fire brigade.  
 
4.2 To make full use of the new possibilities 
offered by the Treaty of Amsterdam, particularly the articles on drug control, police 
co-operation and judicial co-operation as well 
as the common minimum standards in 
legislation (Strategy aim 7)    
4.2.2 Member States, w ith the assistance of 
Europol where appropriate,  to reinforce their co-
operation against drug trafficking and in particular 
to establish, within the appropriate legal 
framework, joint teams when dealing with drug trafficking between Member States. The council has adopted a Recommendation to the 
Member States on requests made by Europol to initiate criminal investigations in specific cases and a 
Framework Decision on Joint Investigation Teams. 
Some Member States are in the process of initiating 
joint teams with Europol participation . 
6 Member States have created the European Joint Unit 
on Precursors (EJUP), which is financed by the Commission, located at Europol and supported by 
Europol through an Analysis Work File (AWF).   
4.2.3 Promote regional co-operation where MS are 
effected by similar drug problems The AGIS framework programme allows for co-
financing of regional co-operation drug projects. Such projects have also previo usly received Community 
funding.  
 
FR 56  
 FR 4.2.4 The Commission , having consulted the 
EMCDDA and taken account of existing, relevant 
sources of information, to  launch a study into the 
definitions, penalties and practical implementation 
of laws by the courts and law enforcement 
agencies for drug traffi cking within the Member 
States. On the basis of that study, the Commission  
is to propose measures establishing minimum 
rules relating to the constituent elements and penalties for illicit drug trafficking in accordance 
with the relevant provisions of the TEU. The 
study should be completed by the end of 2000 and 
proposals should be brought forward by 31 March 
2001. The Commission study was completed in March 2001.  
The Commission presented a proposal for a Council 
Framework Decision laying down minimum provisions on the constituent elements of criminal acts and 
penalties in the field of illicit drug trafficking in May 
2001. Political agreement on this proposal was reached 
at the Council in November 2003. 
The European Parliament delivered its first opinion on 
the proposal in April 2002 and after reconsultation delivered its second opinion in March 2004.  
4.2.5 Member States and Europol to promote new 
investigation techniques and research and 
documentation of drug-related crime. Europol has created and maintains a Knowledge 
Management Centre, which handles information on 
expertise and best practises. The centre also contains 
sources of information relating to new investigative techniques. In addition, the Drugs Unit of Europol 
collects and stores documentation on drug-related crime. 
Relevant information is being disseminated through regular Drug Information Bulletins.  
4.2.6 The Chief Police Of ficers Task Force to 
consider to include drug trafficking among its 
priority areas of work, in particular examining how police co-operation on drug trafficking could 
be improved and what policing priorities should 
be in this area.  Combating drug trafficking is a task of the Chief 
Police Officers Task Force. 
 
FR 57  
 FR 5. International 
5.1 To progressively integrate the candidate 
countries and to intensify international co-operation with other countries and 
international organisations (Strategy aim 9)    
5.1.1 The Commission  and the Council to ensure 
that the candidate countries adopt the Community acquis and best practice in the field of drugs, and 
that their implementation is satisfactory. The 
Member States and the Commission  to draw up 
an action plan on drugs with the candidate 
countries which set out the ground they need to 
cover to meet the acquis as soon as possible. The Justice and Home Affairs Chapter, including the 
drugs elements, of the EU acquis has been provisionally closed for Bulgaria and negotiations with Romania in 
relation to closure of this Chapter are progressing. 
  
5.1.2 The Commission  to negotiate with the 
candidate countries to allow them to participate in 
the work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. The Commission  to 
propose to the Council a draft mandate for these 
negotiations as soon as possible. Negotiations with Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey have 
been concluded; the agreement with Romania has been 
initialled and the agreements with Bulgaria and Turkey will be initialled very shortly.   
 
FR 58  
 FR 5.1.3 The Commission  and the Member States to 
continue to support, with  technical assistance and 
finance where necessary, the candidate countries in their efforts to counter drug abuse and drug 
trafficking. Particular attention should be given, 
including under PHARE, towards the development of national strategies, national drugs 
units, focal points for the EMCDDA and effective 
controls on drugs entering the EU and candidate countries. For countries not covered by PHARE, 
assistance mechanisms sh ould include provision 
for counter-drugs work. The Commission  should 
seek out, within existing ceilings, new sources of 
funding for co-operation with Turkey and include co-operation on drugs issues in the forthcoming 
drafting of the Accession Partnership. 
Consideration should also be given to targeted drugs twinning, and making available specialist 
pre-accession drugs advisers. In total 20M€ was made available for drug control 
activities within the Phare Program In addition,  2 M€ 
was allocated to a joint EMCDDA-Phare project  “Co-
operation EMCDDA-CEECs, Feb. 2002- Sept 2002” 
and € 500,000 to a joint EMCDDA-Phare Project 
“Participation of candidate CEECs´s in the EMCDDA” Dec 2002-June 2004”. 
The Phare programme is also  a source of assistance for 
Bulgaria and Romania. Financial pre-accession assistance is provided to  Turkey under Regulation 
2500/2001. Twinnings to establish the National Drugs 
Focal Point began with Bulgaria and Romania in 2001. 
A twinning with Turkey will begin in 2004 entitled 
“Sustaining the National Drugs Focal Point”. This twinning will also support the development of a revised 
National Drugs Strategy. The Phare Regional Dr ugs Programme had two 
components: 10M€ was used to finance the Multi-
Beneficiary Drugs Programme; 10M€ was allocated to drug twinnings (1M€ per country).  
 
Projects focused on tw o major areas: capacity 
building to enable beneficiaries to participate in 
EMCDDA work, and drug law enforcement, 
money laundering, synthetics drugs and precursors’ diversion. These projects concluded in Spring 
2004. However, the performance of the National 
Focal Points, supported by the twinnings in 
Bulgaria and Romania, is not satisfactory. 
 
5.1.4 The Council to have an annual debate on all 
EU assistance projects in the candidate countries 
in the field of drugs.  Commission has been unable to retrieve information 
from Member States in this regard.    
5.1.5 The Commission  and Member States to 
implement the Pre-accession pact on organised 
crime and extend it to all applicant countries. Candidate countries: 
Implementation of regional measures is underway.  
 
FR 59  
 FR 5.2 To promote intern ational co-operation, 
integration of drug control into EU 
development co-operation and to support the efforts of the United Nations and of UNDCP in 
particular to develop international co-
operation, based on the principles adopted at the UNGASS in June 1998 (Strategy aim 10)    
 
FR 60  
 FR 5.2.1 The Commission  and the Council to give 
priority in the international efforts to counter the 
drug problem to the cand idate countries and those 
regions of the world that either produces drugs or 
through which drugs transit on their way to the 
EU. Most of the EC resources devoted to the fight against 
drugs are focused on the countries and regions along the 
heroin (Afghanistan, Central Asia, Caucasus, Eastern Europe) and cocaine (Andean region and the Caribbean) 
routes. All cooperation agreements with developing 
countries contain a drug-fighting cooperation clause. 
The EU-Ukraine JHA Action Plan provides for activities 
concerning drugs. The Commission is implementing the 
Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova Anti-Drug programme (BUMAD) aimed at reducing drug trafficking and drug 
abuse. 
In the context of the European Neighbourhood Policy, 
Action Plans are currently under discussion with 
Ukraine, Moldova, Jordan, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Morocco.  These draft Action Plans 
(except for the Palestinian Authority) include a section 
dealing with drugs. 
Implementation of the EU-Russia Action Plan against 
Organized Crime and of the EU-Ukraine Action Plan on 
Justice and Home Affairs which both include fight against drugs and discussions taking place with 
Moldova and Ukraine on the European Neighbourhood 
Policy Action Plans and with Russia on an Action Plan/Road Map for a EU-Russia Common Space on 
Freedom, Security and Justice.  
 
FR 61  
 FR 5.2.2 Member States and the Commission  to co-
ordinate their projects in third countries and 
regions to enable joint assessment and implementation of their action. The Commission and Member States have a regular 
dialogue within the Horizontal Drugs Group of the 
Council, as regards the actions undertaken by the Commission. 
For a better coordination among Member States and 
with the Commission, information on all Member States’ projects is needed.  
5.2.3 Member States and the Commission  to 
strengthen co-operation with multilateral and 
international organisations, where this would increase the effectiveness of their actions. The UNODC and UNDP have implemented/continue to 
implement EC projects in Ru ssia, Iran, Central Asia, 
Southern Caucasus and South Africa. 
The Commission maintains regular contacts with the 
UNODC and the UNDP. It continues to be an UNODC 
Major Donor and a member of the Dublin Group, thus 
participating actively in two of the most important 
international co-ordination mechanisms in the area of drugs.  
 
FR 62  
 FR 5.2.4 The Commission  and the Member States to 
continue to make available adequate resources for 
the implementation of programmes and projects for supply reduction (for example combating drug 
trafficking and supporting alternative 
development) and demand reduction. Member States and the Commission  to report annually to 
the Council (Horizontal Working Party on Drugs) 
on all assistance projects undertaken in third countries in the field of drugs, and for a matrix to 
be kept up to date. The Commission  and the 
Member States to inform each other of all 
assistance projects for third countries in the field 
of drugs, whenever possi ble and necessary already 
in the preparatory process. List of ongoing projects financed by the Commission 
and Member States in third countries prepared by the 
Commission and presented to the HDG in November 2001. 
Since then, the Commission has been unable, as yet, to 
produce a consolidated list of  all EU projects, due to 
insufficient information from Member States. 
Nonetheless, it has continued to inform Member states 
of its own activities and projects in third countries and has submitted to the HDG its annual matrix of projects.  
5.2.6 The Member States and the Commission  to 
draw up action plan on drugs co-operation with 
North Africa, and to implement fully the action plans on Latin America and the Caribbean and 
Central Asia. EU Central Asia Action Plan on drugs was adopted by 
the countries of the region. Commission has appointed 
an EU Drugs-Coordinator for the region. 
Commission has continued to implement actions 
foreseen in the Panama Action Plan and in the Central 
Asia Action Plan.  
The draft Action Plans with Tunisia and Morocco under 
European Neighbourhood Po licy are currently under 
discussion, they include a section dealing with drugs. 
The Commission is also taking a major initiative on 
cannabis in Morocco.  
 
FR 63  
 FR 5.2.7 The Commission  and Member States to help 
non-EU countries and regions to develop their 
anti-money laundering systems. An EC project to assist Asian ASEM partner countries is 
under implementation. 
In 2004, a twinning with Turkey will be devoted to 
strengthening the fight against money laundering. 
In Ukraine, TACIS is supporting a project to strengthen 
the Financial Analytical Units (FAU). 
Commission/Member States have encouraged regional 
co-operation to combat money laundering in Western 
Balkans through adoption of regional measures to combat money laundering at JHA Ministerial November 
2003 and through CARDS programme. 
The European Neighbourhood Policy draft Action Plans 
envisages anti-money laundering activities.  
5.2.8 Member States and the Commission  to 
support the development of a common international set of indicators in the field of 
demand reduction, and to promote a common 
standard for national reporting to international organisations. The Commission has supported CND initiatives in this 
regard. 
EMCDDA and UNDCP worked together on this issue. Data structures reflect agreed international 
standards of good practices and facilitate dialogue with non EU member States, regional and 
international organisations 
5.2.9 The Commission  and the Member States to 
integrate drugs as a cross-sectional issue into their 
supranational co-operation schemes (particularly with the developing countries). Drug fighting is a priority for the Commission in 
cooperation with those countries and regions where 
drugs pose a major challenge to sustainable development.  
5.2.10 The EU will continue its support for 
national efforts to eliminate illicit cultivation of 
drug crops, according to the principle of shared 
responsibility. The GSP Drugs scheme and Commission alternative 
livelihoods /alternative development projects are 
important initiatives in this regard.  
 
FR 64   FR ANNEX 3  
Instruments of the European Union in the field of drugs (2000 – 2004).  
A. Instruments of the EU adopted durin g the period 1 January 2000 – 31 July 2004. 
- Council Resolution on cannabis. CORDROGUE 59 – 07.07.2004  
- Progress report in re lation to the Implementation Plans on Demand and Supply Reduction of 
Drugs and the Supply of Synthetic drugs – CORDROGUE 43 – 14.06.2004  
- Council Recommendation regarding guideline s for taking samples of seized drugs. 
CORDROGUE 26 - 30.03.2004  
- Regulation (EC) no 273/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 February 
2004 on drug precursors.  OJ L 47, 18.02.2004 - P.1  
- Council Decision 2003/847/JHA of 27 November  2003 concerning control measures and 
criminal sanctions in respect of the new s ynthetic drugs 2C-I, 2C-T-2, 2C-T-7 and TMA-2 , 
OJ L 321,06.12.2003 - P. 64  
- Resolution of the Council on combating the imp act of psychoactive s ubstances use on road 
accidents. CORDROGUE 97 – 13.11.2003  
- Council resolution on the posting of liaison officers with partic ular expertise in drugs to 
Albania. CORDROGUE 95 - 13.11.2003  
- Council Resolution of 17 December 2003 on tr aining for drug law enforcement officers. 
CORDROGUE 96 – 12.11.2003  
- Council Resolution on the importance of the ro le of the families in preventing drug abuse by 
adolescents. CORDROGUE 94 – 12.11.2003  
- Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on 
coordination on drugs in the Europe an Union. COM/2003/0681 final - 12.11.2003  
- Resolution of the representatives of the govern ments of the Member States meeting within 
the Council, for the development of education curricula on substance misuse disorders for 
medical and other care students and professionals and their in clusion in university studies. 
CORDROGUE 57 - 19.06.2003  
- Resolution of the representatives of the govern ments of the Member States meeting within 
the Council for the integration of the effect ive management (diagnos is, brief intervention, 
referrals) and medically assisted treatment for opiate dependent patients  within the national 
health care. CORDROGUE 56 - 19.06.2003  
- Council Recommendation of 18 June 2003 on the prevention and reduction of health-related 
harm associated with drug dependence. OJ L 165, 03.07.2003 P.31  
- Resolution of the Council on the importan ce of early interventi on to prevent drug 
dependence and drug related harm among young people using drugs. CORDROGUE 58 –  
13.06.2003  
 
FR 65   FR - Implementation paper on demand and supply reduc tion to deliver the EU  Drugs Action Plan. 
CORDROGUE 40 – 27.05.2003  
- Action Plan on Drugs between the EU and Co untries of Western Balkans and Candidate 
Countries (Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey). CORDROGUE 3 REV 2 - 23.05.2003  
- Agreement between the European Community and the Turkish Republic on precursors and 
chemical substances frequently used in th e illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs or 
psychotropic substances . OJ L 064, 07.03.2003 - P.30   
- Resolution of the Representativ es of the Member States meeting within the Council on the 
treatment of drug abusers in pr isons. CORDROGUE 54 REV 4 – 28.11. 2002   
- Implementation plan on actions to be taken in regard to the supply of synthetic drugs. 
CORDROGUE 81 REV 2 – 26.11.2002  
- Council Resolution on the generic classificatio n of specific groups of  new synthetic drugs. 
CORDROGUE 64 REV 4 – 11.11. 2002   
- Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European parliament on the 
mid-term evaluation of the EU action plan on drugs.  (2000-2004). COM(2002)599, 
04.11.2002  
- Council Decision of 30 September 2002 adop ting a specific programme for research, 
technological development and demonstration:  ‘Integrating and stre ngthening the European 
Research Area (2002-2006). OJ L 232, 29.10.2002 – P.1  
- Decision No 1786/2002/EC of the European Parl iament and of the Council of 23 September 
2002  adopting a programme of Community action in the field of public health (2003-2008). 
OJ L 271, 09.10.2002 - P.1  
- Action plan on Drugs between the EU and Central Asian republics (Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbeki stan). CORDROGUE 78 - 25.09.2002   
- Council Decision of 22 Ju ly 2002 establishing a framew ork programme on police and 
judicial cooperation in criminal matters (AGIS) . OJ L 203, 01.08.2002 - P.5   
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1232/2002 of 9 July 2002 replacing the Annex to Council 
Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying  down measures to be taken to discourage the diversion 
of certain substances to the illicit manufacture of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances 
and amending Regulation (EEC) No 3769/92 . OJ L 180, 10.07.2002 - P.5  
- Council Framework Decision of 13 June 2 002 on joint investigation teams. OJ L 162, 
20.06.2002 - P.1  
- Council Regulation (EC) No 988/2002 of 3 June 2002 amending Regulation (EEC) No 
3677/90  laying down measures to be ta ken to discourage the diversi on of certain substances to 
the illicit manufacture of narcotic  drugs and psychotropic substances 
OJ L 151, 11.06.2002 - P.1   
- Resolution of the Council on the incorporati on of drug prevention in school curricula. 
CORDROGUE 4 REV 3 - 08.05. 2002  
 
FR 66   FR - Council Recommendation of 25 April 2002  on improving investigation methods in the fight 
against organised crime linked to organised drug trafficking: simultaneous investigations into 
drug trafficking by criminal organisations and their finances/assets. OJ C 114, 15.05.2002 -  
P.1 
- Council Recommendation of 25 April 2002  on the need to enhance cooperation and 
exchanges of information between the various  operational units specialising in combating 
trafficking in precursors in the Member States of the Eu ropean Union. OJ C 114, 15.05.2002 -  
P.3 
- Resolution of the Council and of the Representatives of the Member States on the prevention 
of the recreational use of dr ugs. CORDROGUE 2 REV 3 – 15.04. 2002  
- Council Decision of 28 Febr uary 2002 concerning control meas ures and criminal sanctions  
in respect of the new synthetic drug PMMA. OJ L 063, 06.03.2002 - P. 14   
- Joint declaration on drugs of the Ministers of the European Union in association with the 
European Commission, and the Candidate Countries. CORDROGUE 7 REV 2 – 15.02 2002  
- Council Regulation (EC) No 2501/2001 of 10 December 2001 applying a scheme of 
generalised tariff preferences for the peri od from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2004.  OJ L 
346, 31.12.2001- P.1  
- Directive 2001/97/EC of the Euro pean Parliament and of the Council of 4 December 2001 
amending Council Directive 91/308/EEC on preventio n of the use of the financial system for 
the purpose of money laundering - Commission Declaration . OJ L 344, 28.12.2001- P. 76  
- Council Resolution on the implementation of the five key epidemiological indicators on 
drugs, developed by the European Monitori ng Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction 
(EMCDDA). CORDROGUE 67- 15.11.2001  
- Council Act of 16 October 2001 es tablishing, in accordance with  Article 34 of the Treaty on 
European Union, the Protocol to the Conventio n on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters 
between the Member States of th e European Union.OJ C 326, 21.11.2001 - P.1  
- Council Decision of 28 June 2001 establishing  a programme of incentives and exchanges, 
training and cooperation for the pr evention of crime (Hippokrates ). OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 - P. 
11 
- Council Framework Decision of 26 June 2 001 on money laundering, the identification, 
tracing, freezing, seizing and c onfiscation of instrumentalitie s and the proceeds of crime . OJ L 
182, 05.07.2001 - P. 1  
- Council Decision of 28 June 2001 establishing a second phase of in centives, exchanges, 
training and cooperation for law enforcemen t authorities (Oisin II) – OJ L 186, 07.07.2001 –  
P.4  
- Council Regulation (EC) No 1116/2001 of 5 June 2001 amending Regulation (EEC) No 
3677/90  laying down measures to be ta ken to discourage the diversi on of certain substances to 
the illicit manufacture of narcotic  drugs and psychotropic substances. 
O J L 153, 08.06.2001 - P. 4   
 
FR 67   FR - Council Decision of 28 May 2001 setting up a European crime prevention network . OJ L 
153, 08.06.2001 - P.1   
- Council Decision of 28 May 2001 on the transmission of samples of controlled substances .  
O J L 150, 06.06.2001 - P.1   
- Council recommendation on the alignment of law enforcement drug and diverted precursors 
statistics. STUP 26 – 30.10.2001 and STUP 29-13.11.2001  
- Council conclusions on networking informati on on emerging trends and patterns in drug 
abuse and poly-drug use and the associated risks. O J C 017, 19.01.2001 - P. 2  
- Initiative of the Kingdom of Sweden with a view to ad opting a JHA Council Decision 
establishing a system of special forensic pr ofiling analysis of synt hetic drugs. OJ C 10, 
12.01.2001 - P. 1  
- Council Decision of 17 October 2000 conc erning arrangements for cooperation between 
financial intelligence units of the Member Stat es in respect of exchanging information. OJ L 
271, 24.10.2000 - P. 4  
- Council Regulation (EC) No 2220/2000 of 28 September 2000  amending Regulation (EEC) 
No 302/93 on the establishment of a European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction. OJ L 253, 07.10.2000 - P.1
 
- Council Decision of 28 September 2000 on the conclusion of an agreement between the 
European Community and the Kingdom of Norw ay on the participation of Norway in the 
work of the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction . OJ L 257, 
11.10.2000 - P.23  
- Commission Regulation (EC) No 1610/2000 of  24 July 2000 amending Regulation (EEC) 
No 3769/92 implementing and amending Council Regulation (EEC) No 3677/90 laying down 
measures to be taken to discourage the dive rsion of certain substances to the illicit 
manufacture of narcotic drugs and psyc hotropic substances. JO L 185, 25.07.2000 - P.30  
- Convention established by the Council in accordance with Article 34 of the Treaty on 
European Union, on Mutual Assist ance in Criminal Matters between  the Member States of the 
European Union. JO C 197, 12.07.2000 – P-3   
 
FR 68   FR  
B. Pending EU instruments. 
- Proposal for a Directive of the European Parl iament and of the Council on the prevention of 
the use of the financial syst em for the purpose of money laundering, including terrorist 
financing. COM (2004) 448 – 30.06.2004  
- Proposal for a Council Regulation laying down ru les for the monitoring of trade between the 
Community and third countries in drug precursors”. UD 81, CORDROGUE, COMER 120, 
30.06.2004  
- Proposal for a Council Regulation on the Euro pean Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug 
Addiction (recast). COM (2003) 808 (01) - 19.12.2003  
- Draft Council Recommendation on the monitoring of  the chemical composition of narcotics, 
in order to improve investigation results in the fight against transnational drug trafficking 
within the European Union. CORDROGUE 82-13.11.2003  
- Proposal for a Council Decision on the info rmation exchange, risk-assessment and the 
control on new narcotic dr ugs and new synthetic drugs . COM(2003)0560 final - 03.10.2003.  
- Initiative by the Kingdom of Spain for the conclusion of a Conven tion on the suppression by 
customs administrations of illicit drug trafficking on the high seas. JO C 45, 19.02.2002  
- Proposal for a Council framework Decisi on laying down minimum provisions on the 
constituent elements of criminal acts and pena lties in the field of illicit drug trafficking . COM 
(001) 259 final 23.05.2001. OJ C 304 E, 30.10.2001 - P.172