PROTOCOLE

relatif à la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution d'origine tellurique

LES PARTIES CONTRACTANTES AU PRÉSENT PROTOCOLE,

ÉTANT PARTIES à la convention pour la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution, adoptée à Barcelone le 16 février 1976,

DÉSIREUSES de mettre en œuvre les articles 4 paragraphe 2, 8 et 15 de ladite convention,

NOTANT l'accroissement rapide des activités humaines dans la zone de la mer Méditerranée, notamment dans les domaines de l'industrialisation et de l'urbanisation, ainsi que la croissance saisonnière, liée au tourisme, des populations riveraines,

RECONNAISSANT le danger que fait courir au milieu marin et à la santé humaine la pollution d'origine tellurique et les problèmes graves qui en résultent dans un grand nombre d'eaux côtières et d'estuaires fluviaux de la Méditerranée, dus essentiellement au rejet de déchets domestiques et industriels non traités, insuffisamment traités ou évacués de façon inadéquate,

RECONNAISSANT la différence des niveaux de développement entre les pays riverains et tenant compte des impératifs du développement économique et social des pays en développement,

RÉSOLUES à prendre, en étroite coopération, les mesures nécessaires afin de protéger la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution d'origine tellurique,

SONT CONVENUES DE CE QUI SUIT:

Article premier

Les parties contractantes au présent protocole (ci-après dénommées « les parties ») prennent toutes mesures appropriées pour prévenir, réduire, combattre et maîtriser la pollution de la zone de la mer Méditerranée due aux déversements par les fleuves, les établissements côtiers ou les émissaires, ou émanant de toute autre source terrestre située sur leur territoire.

Article 2

Aux fins du présent protocole:

Article 3

La zone d'application du présent protocole (ci-après dénommée la « zone du protocole ») comprend:

Article 4

1. Le présent protocole s'applique:

2. Le protocole s'applique également aux rejets polluants en provenance de structures artificielles fixes placées en mer qui, relevant de la juridiction d'une partie, sont utilisées à des fins autres que l'exploration et l'exploitation de ressources minérales du plateau continental, du fond de la mer et de son sous-sol.

Article 5

1. Les parties s'engagent à éliminer la pollution d'origine tellurique de la zone du protocole par les substances énumérées à l'annexe I au présent protocole.

2. À cette fin, elles élaborent et mettent en œuvre, conjointement ou individuellement selon le cas, les programmes et les mesures nécessaires.

3. Ces programmes et mesures comprennent notamment des normes communes d'émission et des normes d'usage.

4. Les normes et les calendriers d'application pour la mise en œuvre des programmes et mesures visant à éliminer la pollution d'origine tellurique sont fixés par les parties et réexaminés périodiquement, au besoin tous les deux ans, pour chacune des substances énumérées à l'annexe I, conformément aux dispositions de l'article 15 du présent protocole.

Article 6

1. Les parties s'engagent à réduire rigoureusement la pollution d'origine tellurique de la zone du protocole par les substances ou sources énumérées à l'annexe II au présent protocole.

2. À cette fin, elles élaborent et mettent en œuvre, conjointement ou individuellement selon le cas, des programmes et mesures appropriés.

3. Les rejets sont strictement subordonnés à la délivrance, par les autorités nationales compétentes, d'une autorisation tenant dûment compte des dispositions de l'annexe III au présent protocole.

Article 7

1. Les parties élaborent et adoptent progressivement, en collaboration avec les organisations internationales compétentes, des lignes directrices et, le cas échéant, des normes ou critères communs concernant notamment:

2. Sans préjudice des dispositions de l'article 5 du présent protocole, ces lignes directrices, normes ou critères communs tiennent compte des caractéristiques locales écologiques, géographiques et physiques, de la capacité économique des parties et de leur besoin de développement, du niveau de la pollution existante et de la capacité réelle d'absorption du milieu marin.

3. Les programmes et mesures prévus aux articles 5 et 6 seront adoptés en tenant compte, pour leur application progressive, de la capacité d'adaptation et de reconversion des installations existantes, de la capacité économique des parties et de leur besoin de développement.

Article 8

Dans le cadre des dispositions et des programmes de surveillance continue prévus à l'article 10 de la convention, et au besoin en collaboration avec les organisations internationales compétentes, les parties entreprennent le plus tôt possible des activités de surveillance continue ayant pour objet:

Article 9

Conformément à l'article 11 de la convention, les parties coopèrent dans la mesure du possible dans les domaines de la science et de la technologie qui sont liés à la pollution d'origine tellurique, notamment en ce qui concerne la recherche sur les apports, les voies de transfert et les effets des différents polluants, ainsi que sur l'élaboration de nouvelles méthodes pour le traitement, la réduction ou l'élimination de ces polluants. À cet effet, les parties s'efforcent notamment:

Article 10

1. Les parties, agissant directement ou avec l'aide des organisations régionales ou d'autres organisations internationales qualifiées, ou de manière bilatérale, coopèrent en vue d'élaborer et, dans la mesure du possible, en vue de mettre en œuvre des programmes d'assistance en faveur des pays en développement, notamment dans les domaines de la science, de l'éducation et de la technologie, afin de prévenir la pollution d'origine tellurique et ses effets préjudiciables dans le milieu marin.

2. L'assistance technique porterait en particulier sur la formation de personnel scientifique et technique ainsi que sur l'acquisition, l'utilisation et la fabrication de matériel approprié par ces pays à des conditions avantageuses à convenir entre les parties concernées.

Article 11

1. Si les rejets provenant d'un cours d'eau qui traverse les territoires de deux ou plusieurs parties ou constitue une frontière entre elles risquent de provoquer la pollution du milieu marin de la zone du protocole, en respectant, chacune en ce qui la concerne, les dispositions du présent protocole, les parties intéressées sont invitées à coopérer en vue d'assurer sa pleine application.

2. Une partie ne peut être tenue pour responsable d'une pollution ayant son origine sur le territoire d'un État qui n'est pas partie contractante. Toutefois, la partie contractante s'efforcera de coopérer avec ledit État afin de rendre possible la pleine application du protocole.

Article 12

1. Compte tenu des dispositions du paragraphe 1 de l'article 22 de la convention, lorsque la pollution d'origine tellurique en provenance du territoire d'une partie est susceptible de mettre en cause directement les intérêts d'une ou de plusieurs autres parties, les parties concernées, à la demande de l'une ou de plusieurs d'entre elles, s'engagent à entrer en consultation en vue de rechercher une solution satisfaisante.

2. À la demande de toute partie intéressée, la question est mise à l'ordre du jour de la réunion suivante des parties tenue conformément à l'article 14 du présent protocole; cette réunion peut formuler des recommandations en vue de parvenir à une solution satisfaisante.

Article 13

1. Les parties s'informent mutuellement, par l'intermédiaire de l'organisation, des mesures prises, des résultats obtenus et, le cas échéant, des difficultés rencontrées lors de l'application du présent protocole. Les modalités permettant de recueillir et de présenter ces informations sont déterminées lors des réunions des parties.

2. De telles informations devront comprendre entre autres:

Article 14

1. Les réunions ordinaires des parties se tiennent lors des réunions ordinaires des parties contractantes à la convention organisées en vertu de l'article 14 de ladite convention. Les parties peuvent aussi tenir des réunions extraordinaires conformément à l'article 14 de la convention.

2. Les réunions des parties au présent protocole ont notamment pour objet:

Article 15

1. La réunion des parties adopte à la majorité des deux tiers les programmes et mesures de réduction ou d'élimination de la pollution d'origine tellurique prévus aux articles 5 et 6 du présent protocole.

2. Les parties qui n'ont pu accepter un programme ou des mesures informent la réunion des parties des dispositions qu'elles entendent prendre dans le domaine du programme ou des mesures concernés, étant entendu que ces parties pourront à tout moment donner leur accord au programme ou aux mesures adoptés.

Article 16

1. Les dispositions de la convention se rapportant à tout protocole s'appliquent à l'égard du présent protocole.

2. Le règlement intérieur et les règles financières adoptés conformément à l'article 18 de la convention s'appliquent à l'égard du présent protocole, à moins que les parties au protocole n'en conviennent autrement.

3. Le présent protocole est ouvert à Athènes, du 17 mai 1980 au 16 juin 1980, et à Madrid, du 17 juin 1980 au 16 mai 1981, à la signature des États invités à la conférence des plénipotentiaires des États côtiers de la région méditerranéenne sur la protection de la mer Méditerranée contre la pollution d'origine tellurique, tenue à Athènes du 12 au 17 mai 1980. Il est également ouvert, jusqu'aux mêmes dates, à la signature de la Communauté économique européenne et de tout groupement économique régional similaire dont l'un au moins des membres est un État côtier de la zone de la mer Méditerranée et qui exerce des compétences dans des domaines couverts par le présent protocole.

4. Le présent protocole sera soumis à ratification, acceptation ou approbation. Les instruments de ratification, d'acceptation ou d'approbation seront déposés auprès du gouvernement de l'Espagne, qui assumera les fonctions de dépositaire.

5. À partir du 17 mai 1981, le présent protocole est ouvert à l'adhésion des États visés au paragraphe 3 ci-dessus, de la Communauté économique européennne et de tout groupement visé audit paragraphe.

6. Le présent protocole entrera en vigueur le trentième jour à compter de la date du dépôt d'au moins six instruments de ratification, d'acceptation ou d'approbation du protocole ou d'adhésion à celui-ci par les parties visées au paragraphe 3 du présent article.

Les substances, familles et groupes de substances, ou sources de pollution, ci-après énumérés sans ordre de priorité aux fins de l'article 6 du protocole, ont été choisis principalement sur la base des critères retenus pour l'annexe I mais en tenant compte du fait qu'ils sont en général moins nocifs ou sont plus aisément rendus inoffensifs par un processus naturel et, par conséquent, affectent en général des zones côtières plus limitées.

Emplacement et type du rejet (émissaire, canal, sortie d'eau, etc.) et situation par rapport à d'autres emplacements (tels que les zones d'agrément, de frai, de culture et de pêche, zones conchylicoles) et à d'autres rejets.

PROTOCOL

for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources

THE CONTRACTING PARTIES TO THE PRESENT PROTOCOL,

BEING PARTIES to the Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution, adopted at Barcelona on 16 February 1976,

DESIROUS of implementing paragraph 2 of Article 4 and Articles 8 and 15 of the said Convention,

NOTING the rapid increase of human activities in the Mediterranean Sea area, particularly in the fields of industrialization and urbanization, as well as the seasonal increase in the coastal population due to tourism,

RECOGNIZING the danger posed to the marine environment and to human health by pollution from land-based sources and the serious problems resulting therefrom in many coastal waters and river estuaries of the Mediterranean Sea, primarily due to the release of untreated, insufficiently treated or inadequately disposed domestic or industrial discharges,

RECOGNIZING the differences in levels of development between the coastal States, and taking account of the economic and social imperatives of the developing countries,

DETERMINED to take in close cooperation the necessary measures to protect the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources,

HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS:

Article 1

The Contracting Parties to this Protocol (hereinafter referred to as ‘the Parties’) shall take all appropriate measures to prevent, abate, combat and control pollution of the Mediterranean Sea area caused by discharges from rivers, coastal establishments or outfalls, or emanating from any other land-based sources within their territories.

Article 2

For the purposes of this Protocol:

(a) ‘the Convention’ means the Convention for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution, adopted at Barcelona on 16 February 1976;

(b) ‘Organization’ means the body referred to in Article 13 of the Convention;

(c) ‘freshwater limit’ means the place in watercourses where, at low tides and in a period of low freshwater flow, there is an appreciable increase in salinity due to the presence of sea-water.

Article 3

The area to which this Protocol applies (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Protocol area’) shall be:

(a) the Mediterranean Sea area as defined in Article 1 of the Convention;

(b) waters on the landward side of the baselines from which the breadth of the territorial sea is measured and extending, in the case of watercourses, up to the freshwater limit;

(c) saltwater marshes communicating with the sea.

Article 4

1. This Protocol shall apply:

(a) to polluting discharges reaching the Protocol area from land-based sources within the territories of the Parties, in particular: — directly, from outfalls discharging into the sea or through coastal disposal, — indirectly, through rivers, canals or other watercourses, including underground watercourses, or through run-off;

(b) to pollution from land-based sources transported by the atmosphere, under conditions to be defined in an Additional Annex to this Protocol and accepted by the Parties in conformity with the provisions of Article 17 of the Convention.

2. This Protocol shall also apply to polluting discharges from fixed man-made offshore structures which are under the jurisdiction of a Party and which serve purposes other than exploration and exploitation of mineral resources of the continental shelf and the sea-bed and its sub-soil.

Article 5

1. The Parties undertake to eliminate pollution of the Protocol area from land based sources by substances listed in Annex I to this Protocol.

2. To this end they shall elaborate and implement, jointly or individually, as appropriate, the necessary programmes and measures.

3. These programmes and measures shall include, in particular, common emission standards and standards for use.

4. The standards and the timetables for the implementation of the programmes and measures aimed at eliminating pollution from land-based sources shall be fixed by the Parties and periodically reviewed, if necessary every two years, for each of the substances listed in Annex I, in accordance with the provisions of Article 15 of this Protocol.

Article 6

1. The Parties shall strictly limit pollution from land-based sources in the Protocol area by substances or sources listed in Annex II to this Protocol.

2. To this end they shall elaborate and implement, jointly or individually, as appropriate, suitable programmes and measures.

3. Discharges shall be strictly subject to the issue, by the competent national authorities, of an authorization taking due account of the provisions of Annex III to this Protocol.

Article 7

1. The Parties shall progressively formulate and adopt, in cooperation with the competent international organizations, common guidelines and, as appropriate, standards or criteria dealing in particular with:

(a) the length, depth and position of pipelines for coastal outfalls, taking into account, in particular, the methods used for pre-treatment of effluents;

(b) special requirements for effluents necessitating separate treatment;

(c) the quality of sea-water used for specific purposes that is necessary for the protection of human health, living resources and ecosystems;

(d) the control and progressive replacement of products, installations and industrial and other processes causing significant pollution of the marine environment;

(e) specific requirements concerning the quantities of the substances listed in Annexes I and II discharged, their concentration in effluents and methods of discharging them.

2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 5 of this Protocol, such common guidelines, standards or criteria shall take into account local ecological, geographical and physical characteristics, the economic capacity of the Parties and their need for development, the level of existing pollution and the real absorbtive capacity of the marine environment.

3. The programmes and measures referred to in Articles 5 and 6 shall be adopted by taking into account, for their progressive implementation, the capacity to adapt and reconvert existing installations, the economic capacity of the Parties and their need for development.

Article 8

Within the framework of the provisions of, and the monitoring programmes provided for in, Article 10 of the Convention, and if necessary in cooperation with the competent international organizations, the Parties shall carry out, at the earliest possible dates monitoring activities in order:

(a) systematically to assess, as far as possible, the levels of pollution along their coasts, in particular with regard to the substances or sources listed in Annexes I and II, and periodically to provide information in this respect;

(b) to evaluate the effects of measures taken under this Protocol to reduce pollution of the marine environment.

Article 9

In conformity with Article 11 of the Convention, the Parties shall cooperate as far as possible in scientific and technological fields related to pollution from land-based sources, particularly research on inputs, pathways and effects of pollutants and on the development of new methods for their treatment, reduction or elimination. To this end the Parties shall, in particular, endeavour to:

(a) exchange scientific and technical information;

(b) coordinate their research programmes.

Article 10

1. The Parties shall, directly or with the assistance of competent regional or other international organizations or bilaterally, cooperate with a view to formulating and, as far as possible, implementing programmes of assistance to developing countries, particularly in the fields of science, education and technology, with a view to preventing pollution from land-based sources and its harmful effects in the marine environment.

2. Technical assistance would include, in particular, the training of scientific and technical personnel, as well as the acquisition, utilization and production by those countries of appropriate equipment on advantageous terms to be agreed upon among the Parties concerned.

Article 11

1. If discharges from a watercourse which flows through the territories of two or more Parties or forms a boundary between them are likely to cause pollution of the marine environment of the Protocol area, the Parties in question, respecting the provisions of this Protocol in so far as each of them is concerned, are called upon to cooperate with a view to ensuring its full application.

2. A Party shall not be responsible for any pollution originating on the territory of a non-contracting State. However, the said Party shall endeavour to cooperate with the said State so as to make possible full application of the Protocol.

Article 12

1. Taking into account paragraph 1 of Article 22 of the Convention, when land-based pollution originating from the territory of one Party is likely to prejudice directly the interests of one or more of the other Parties, the Parties concerned shall, at the request of one or more of them, undertake to enter into consultation with a view to seeking a satisfactory solution.

2. At the request of any Party concerned, the matter shall be placed on the agenda of the next meeting of the Parties held in accordance with Article 14 of this Protocol; the meeting may make recommendations with a view to reaching a satisfactory solution.

Article 13

1. The Parties shall inform one another through the Organization of measures taken of results achieved and, if the case arises, of difficulties encountered in the application of this Protocol. Procedures for the collection and submission of such information shall be determined at the meetings of the Parties.

2. Such information shall include inter alia:

(a) statistical data on the authorizations granted in accordance with Article 6 of this Protocol;

(b) data resulting from monitoring as provided for in Article 8 of this Protocol;

(c) quantities of pollutants discharged from their territories;

(d) measures taken in accordance with Articles 5 and 6 of this Protocol.

Article 14

1. Ordinary meetings of the Parties shall take place in conjunction with ordinary meetings of the Contracting Parties to the Convention held pursuant to Article 14 of the Convention. The Parties may also hold extraordinary meetings in accordance with Article 14 of the Convention.

2. The functions of the meetings of the Parties to this Protocol shall be inter alia:

(a) to keep under review the implementation of this Protocol and to consider the efficacy of the measures adopted and the advisability of any other measures, in particular in the form of Annexes;

(b) to revise and amend any Annex to this Protocol, as appropriate;

(c) to formulate and adopt programmes and measures in accordance with Articles 5, 6 and 15 of this Protocol;

(d) to adopt, in accordance with Article 7 of this Protocol, common guidelines, standards or criteria, in any form decided upon by the Parties;

(e) to make recommendations in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 12 of this Protocol;

(f) to consider the information submitted by the Parties under Article 13 of this Protocol;

(g) to discharge such other functions as may be appropriate for the application of this Protocol.

Article 15

1. The meeting of the Parties shall adopt, by a two-thirds majority, the programmes and measures for the abatement or the elimination of pollution from land-based sources which are provided for in Articles 5 and 6 of this Protocol.

2. The Parties which are not able to accept a programme or measures shall inform the meeting of the Parties of the action they intend to take as regards the programme or measures concerned, it being understood that these Parties may, at any time, give their consent to the programme or measures that have been adopted.

Article 16

1. The provisions of the Convention relating to any Protocol shall apply with respect to this Protocol.

2. The rules of procedure and the financial rules adopted pursuant to Article 18 of the Convention shall apply with respect to this Protocol, unless the Parties to this Protocol agree otherwise.

3. This Protocol shall be open for signature, at Athens from 17 May to 16 June 1980, and at Madrid from 17 June 1980 to 16 May 1981, by any State invited to the Conference of plenipotentiaries of the coastal States of the Mediterranean region for the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution from land-based sources, held at Athens from 12 May to 17 May 1980. It shall also be open until the same dates for signature by the European Economic Community and by any similar regional economic grouping of which at least one member is a coastal State of the Mediterranean Sea area and which exercises competence in fields covered by this Protocol.

4. This Protocol shall be subject to ratification, acceptance or approval. Instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval shall be deposited with the Government of Spain, which will assume the functions of Depositary.

5. As from 17 May 1981, this Protocol shall be open for accession by the States referred to in paragraph 3 above, by the European Economic Community and by any grouping referred to in that paragraph.

6. This Protocol shall enter into force on the 30th day following the deposit of at least six instruments of ratification, acceptance or approval of, or accession to, the Protocol by the Parties referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article.

In witness whereof the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this Protocol. Done at Athens on this seventeenth day of May one thousand nine hundred and eighty in a single copy in the Arabic, English, French and Spanish languages, the four texts being, equally authoritative.

ANNEX I A. The following substances, families and groups of substances are listed, not in order of priority, for the purposes of Article 5 of the Protocol. They have been selected mainly on the basis of their — toxicity, — persistence, — bioaccumulation. 1. Organohalogen compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment (1); 2. Organophosphorus compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment (1); 3. Organotin compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment (1); 4. Mercury and mercury compounds; 5. Cadmium and cadmium compounds; 6. Used lubricating oils; 7. Persistent synthetic materials which may float, sink or remain in suspension and which may interfere with any legitimate use of the sea; 8. Substances having proven carcinogenic, teratogenic or mutagenic properties in or through the marine environment; 9. Radioactive substances, including their wastes, when their discharges do not comply with the principles of radiation protection as defined by the competent international organizations, taking into account the protection of the marine environment. B. The present Annex does not apply to discharges which contain the substances listed in Section A below the limits defined jointly by the Parties. (1) With the exception of those which are biologically harmless or which are rapidly converted into biologically harmless substances.

ANNEX II A. The following substances, families and groups of substances, or sources of pollution, listed not in order of priority for the purpose of Article 6 of the Protocol, have been selected mainly on the basis of criteria used for Annex I, while taking into account the fact that they are generally less noxious or are more readily rendered harmless by natural processes and therefore generally affect more limited coastal areas. 1. The following elements and their compounds: 1. zinc 2. copper 3. nickel 4. chromium 5. lead 6. selenium 7. arsenic 8. antimony 9. molybdenum 10. titanium 11. tin 12. barium 13. beryllium 14. boron 15. uranium 16. vanadium 17. cobalt 18. thallium 19. tellurium 20. silver 2. Biocides and their derivatives not covered in Annex I; 3. Organosilicon compounds and substances which may form such compounds in the marine environment excluding those which are biologically harmless or are rapidly converted into biologically harmless substances; 4. Crude oils and hydrocarbons of all origins; 5. Cyanides and fluorides; 6. Non-biodegradable detergents and other surface-active substances; 7. Inorganic compounds of phosphorus and elemental phosphorus; 8. Pathogenic micro-organisms; 9. Thermal discharges; 10. Substances which have a deleterious effect on the taste and/or smell of products for human consumption derived from the aquatic environment, and compounds liable to give rise to such substances in the marine environment; 11. Substances which have, directly or indirectly, an adverse effect on the oxygen content of the marine environment, especially those which may cause eutrophication. 12. Acid or alkaline compounds of such composition and in such quantity that they may impair the quality of sea-water; 13. Substances which, though of non-toxic nature, may become harmful to the marine environment or may interfere with any legitimate use of the sea owing to the quantities in which they are discharged. B. The control and strict limitation of the discharge of substances referred to in Section A above should be implemented in accordance with Annex III.