RULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE EFTA COURT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS 18

Article 1 Definitions 18

Article 2 Purpose 18

TITLE I ORGANISATION OF THE COURT 19

Chapter 1 JUDGES 19

Article 3 Commencement of a Judge’s term of office 19

Article 4 Taking of the oath 19

Article 5 Solemn undertaking 19

Article 6 Depriving a Judge of his office 19

Article 7 Order of seniority 19

Chapter 2 PRESIDENCY 20

Article 8 Election of the President 20

Article 9 Responsibilities of the President 20

Article 10 Where the President is prevented from acting 20

Chapter 3 REGISTRY 20

Article 11 Appointment of the Registrar 20

Article 12 Deputy Registrar 21

Article 13 Where the Registrar and Deputy Registrar are prevented from acting 21

Article 14 Responsibilities of the Registrar 21

Article 15 Keeping of the register 22

Article 16 Consultation of the register and of judgments and orders 22

Article 17 Authorisation to provide registry functions 22

Chapter 4 OFFICIALS AND OTHER SERVANTS 22

Article 18 Appointment 22

Article 19 Organisation 23

Chapter 5 THE WORKING OF THE COURT 23

Article 20 Calendar of judicial business 23

Article 21 Designation of the Judge-Rapporteur 23

Article 22 Withdrawal and excusing of a Judge 23

Article 23 Where a Judge is prevented from acting 24

Article 24 Hearings 24

Article 25 Drawing-up of minutes 24

Article 26 Deliberations 24

Article 27 Decisions of the Court - quorum 24

Article 28 Annual Report 25

Chapter 6 LANGUAGES 25

Article 29 Language of the Court 25

Article 30 Advisory opinion procedure 25

Article 31 Witnesses 26

Article 32 Publications of the Court 26

TITLE II COMMON PROCEDURAL PROVISIONS 26

Chapter 1 RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF AGENTS, ADVISERS AND LAWYERS 26

Article 33 Privileges, immunities and facilities 26

Article 34 Status of the parties’ representatives 26

Article 35 Waiver of immunity 27

Article 36 Exclusion from the proceedings 27

Chapter 2 NOTIFICATION AND SERVICE 27

Article 37 Notification of requests for advisory opinions 27

Article 38 Methods of service 27

Chapter 3 TIME-LIMITS 28

Article 39 Calculation of time-limits 28

Article 40 Proceedings against a measure adopted by the EFTA Surveillance Authority 28

Article 41 Distance 29

Article 42 Setting and extension of time-limits 29

Article 43 Force majeure 29

Chapter 4 DIFFERENT PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH CASES 29

Article 44 Procedures for dealing with cases 29

Article 45 Anonymity and omission of certain information vis-à-vis the public 29

Article 46 Joinder 30

Article 47 Stay of proceedings 30

Article 48 Deferment of the determination of a case 30

Chapter 5 LEGAL AID 31

Article 49 Legal aid 31

Article 50 Application for legal aid 31

Article 51 Decision on the application for legal aid 31

Article 52 Advances and responsibility for costs 32

Article 53 Withdrawal of legal aid 32

Chapter 6 WRITTEN PROCEDURE 32

Article 54 Lodging of pleadings 32

Chapter 7 PRELIMINARY REPORT 33

Article 55 Preliminary report 33

Chapter 8 MEASURES OF ORGANISATION OF PROCEDURE AND MEASURES OF INQUIRY 34

Article 56 Measures of organisation of procedure and measures of inquiry 34

Article 57 Measures of organisation of procedure 34

Article 58 Measures of inquiry 34

Article 59 Treatment of confidential information and material 35

Article 60 Documents to which access has been denied by the EFTA Surveillance Authority 35

Chapter 9 SUMMONING AND EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES AND EXPERTS 35

Article 61 Oral testimony 35

Article 62 Examination of witnesses 36

Article 63 Expert’s report 36

Article 64 Duties of witnesses and experts 37

Article 65 Objection to a witness or expert 37

Article 66 Witnesses’ and experts’ costs 37

Article 67 Minutes of inquiry hearings 37

Article 68 Letters rogatory 37

Chapter 10 ORAL PART OF THE PROCEDURE 38

Article 69 Opening date 38

Article 70 Dispensing with the oral part of the procedure 38

Article 71 Report for the hearing 38

Article 72 Absence of the parties from the hearing 38

Article 73 Joint hearing 39

Article 74 Conduct of oral proceedings 39

Article 75 Cases heard in camera 39

Article 76 Addressing the Court 39

Article 77 Closing of the oral part of the procedure 39

Article 78 Opening or reopening of the oral part of the procedure 39

Article 79 Minutes of the hearing 39

Chapter 11 JUDGMENTS AND ORDERS 40

Article 80 Information on the date of delivery of judgments 40

Article 81 Content of a judgment 40

Article 82 Delivery and service of a judgment 40

Article 83 Content of an order 41

Article 84 Signature and service of an order 41

Article 85 Binding nature of judgments and orders 41

Article 86 Notice 41

Article 87 Rectification of judgments and orders 41

TITLE III ADVISORY OPINION PROCEDURE 42

Chapter 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS 42

Article 88 Content of the request for an advisory opinion 42

Article 89 Anonymity 42

Article 90 Participation in advisory opinion proceedings 42

Article 91 Parties to the main proceedings 43

Article 92 Translation and service of the request for an advisory opinion 43

Article 93 Reply by reasoned order 43

Article 94 Circumstances in which the Court remains seised 43

Article 95 Request for clarification 43

Article 96 Costs of the advisory opinion proceedings 44

Article 97 Interpretation of advisory opinions 44

Chapter 2 EXPEDITED PROCEDURE 44

Article 98 Expedited procedure 44

Article 99 Lodging and service of pleadings 44

TITLE IV DIRECT ACTIONS 45

Chapter 1 REPRESENTATION OF THE PARTIES 45

Article 100 Obligation to be represented 45

Chapter 2 WRITTEN PROCEDURE 45

Article 101 Content of the application 45

Article 102 Information relating to service 45

Article 103 Annexes to the application 46

Article 104 Modification of the application 46

Article 105 Failure to produce the required documents 46

Article 106 Service of the application 47

Article 107 Defence 47

Article 108 Reply and rejoinder 47

Article 109 Adversarial procedure 47

Chapter 3 PLEAS IN LAW AND EVIDENCE 48

Article 110 New pleas in law 48

Article 111 Evidence offered or produced 48

Chapter 4 INTERVENTION 48

Article 112 Object and effects of the intervention 48

Article 113 Application to intervene 48

Article 114 Decision on applications to intervene 49

Article 115 Submission of statements in intervention 49

Chapter 5 EXPEDITED PROCEDURE 50

Article 116 Expedited procedure 50

Article 117 Written procedure 50

Article 118 Intervention in the expedited procedure 50

Article 119 Oral part of the procedure 51

Chapter 6 COSTS 51

Article 120 Decision as to costs 51

Article 121 General rules as to allocation of costs 51

Article 122 Costs of interveners 51

Article 123 Costs in the event of discontinuance or withdrawal 52

Article 124 Costs where a case does not proceed to judgment 52

Article 125 Costs of proceedings 52

Article 126 Recoverable costs 52

Article 127 Dispute concerning the costs to be recovered 52

Article 128 Procedure for payment 53

TITLE V SPECIAL FORMS OF PROCEDURE 53

Chapter 1 ASSIGNMENT TO THE JUDGE-RAPPORTEUR 53

Article 129 Assignment to the Judge-Rapporteur 53

Chapter 2 SETTLEMENT, DISCONTINUANCE, CASES THAT DO NOT PROCEED TO JUDGMENT AND PRELIMINARY ISSUES 53

Article 130 Amicable settlement 53

Article 131 Discontinuance 53

Article 132 Cases that do not proceed to judgment 54

Article 133 Preliminary objections and issues 54

Chapter 3 JUDGMENT BY DEFAULT 54

Article 134 Judgment by default 54

Article 135 Application to set aside a judgment by default 55

Chapter 4 REQUESTS AND APPLICATIONS RELATING TO JUDGMENTS AND ORDERS 55

Article 136 Failure to adjudicate 55

Article 137 Third-party proceedings 55

Article 138 Interpretation of judgments and orders 56

Article 139 Revision 56

Chapter 5 SUSPENSION OF OPERATION OR ENFORCEMENT AND OTHER INTERIM MEASURES 57

Article 140 Application for suspension or for interim measures 57

Article 141 Decision on the application 57

Article 142 Order for suspension of operation or for interim measures 57

Article 143 Change in circumstances 58

Article 144 New application 58

Article 145 Suspension pursuant to Article 19 SCA 58

FINAL PROVISIONS 58

Article 146 Supplementary rules 58

Article 147 Implementing rules 58

Article 148 Videoconferencing 58

Article 149 Repeal 59

Article 150 Publication and entry into force 59

Annex I – Decision of the Court of 12 December 2016 on the lodging and service of procedural documents by means of e- EFTACourt (2017/C 73/09) 60

Annex II 62

THE EFTA COURT,

Having regard to the Agreement on the European Economic Area, and in particular Article 108(2) thereof,

Having regard to the competences conferred on the Court by the Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice, in particular its Article 43(2), and Article 43 of Protocol 5 to that Agreement (Statute of the Court),

Having regard to the approval given by the Governments of the EFTA States,

ADOPTS THE FOLLOWING RULES OF PROCEDURE:

INTRODUCTORY PROVISIONS

Article 1 Definitions 1. In these Rules: (a) ‘EEA Agreement’ means the main part of the Agreement on the European Economic Area, its Protocols and Annexes as well as the acts referred to therein; (b) ‘SCA’ means the Agreement between the EFTA States on the Establishment of a Surveillance Authority and a Court of Justice, its Protocols and Annexes; (c) ‘Statute’ means Protocol 5 to the SCA on the Statute of the EFTA Court; (d) ‘EFTA State’ means a Member of the European Free Trade Association which is a Party to the EEA Agreement and to the SCA; (e) ‘EU Member State’ means a Member State of the European Union which is a Party to the EEA Agreement; (f) ‘interested persons’ means the States and institutions authorised, pursuant to Article 20 of the Statute, to submit statements of case or observations to the Court; (g) ‘party’ and ‘parties’, unless otherwise specified, means any party to the proceedings, including interveners; (h) ‘main party’ and ‘main parties’ means the applicant or the defendant or both of them, as the case may be; (i) ‘ad hoc Judge’ refers to a person replacing a Judge chosen from a list established by common accord by the Governments of the EFTA States as set down in the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA. Such person shall be selected from those persons on the list who were nominated by the Government that nominated the regular Judge who is to be replaced. 2. All references to the masculine shall be understood as referring to all genders as appropriate.

Article 2 Purpose These Rules implement and supplement, insofar as necessary, the relevant provisions of the EEA Agreement, the SCA, and the Statute.

TITLE I

ORGANISATION OF THE COURT

CHAPTER 1

Judges

Article 3 Commencement of a Judge’s term of office The term of office of a Judge shall begin on the date laid down in his instrument of appointment. In the absence of any provisions regarding the date, the term shall begin on the date of the instrument.

Article 4 Taking of the oath Before taking up his duties, a Judge shall, in accordance with Article 2 of the Statute, at the first public sitting of the Court which he attends after his appointment, take the following oath or, in the alternative, make the following solemn declaration: ‘I [swear/solemnly promise] that I will perform my duties impartially and conscientiously; I [swear/solemnly promise] that I will preserve the secrecy of the deliberations of the EFTA Court.’

Article 5 Solemn undertaking Immediately after taking the oath, a Judge shall, in accordance with Article 4 of the Statute, sign a declaration by which he solemnly undertakes that, both during and after his term of office, he will respect the obligations arising therefrom, and in particular the duty to behave with integrity and discretion as regards the acceptance, after he has ceased to hold office, of certain appointments or benefits.

Article 6 Depriving a Judge of his office 1. Where the Court is called upon, pursuant to Article 6 of the Statute, to decide whether a Judge no longer fulfils the requisite conditions or no longer meets the obligations arising from his office, the President shall invite the Judge concerned to make representations to the Court, in closed session and in the absence of the Registrar. 2. The Court shall give a decision in the absence of the Registrar. The Judge concerned shall not take part in the deliberations.

Article 7 Order of seniority 1. The seniority of Judges shall be calculated according to the date on which they took up their duties. 2. Where there is equal seniority in office, the order of seniority shall be determined by age. 3. Judges whose terms of office are renewed shall retain their former seniority. 4. Judges chosen from the list provided for in the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA shall rank after the regular Judges. If two or more such Judges are acting in the same case, their internal rank shall be determined by age.

CHAPTER 2

Presidency

Article 8 Election of the President 1. The Judges shall, in accordance with the third paragraph of Article 30 SCA, elect one of their number as President for a term of three years. 2. If the office of the President falls vacant before the normal date of expiry of the term thereof, the Court shall elect a successor for the remainder of the term. 3. The elections provided for in this Article shall be by secret ballot. If a Judge obtains an absolute majority, he shall be elected. If no Judge obtains an absolute majority, a second ballot shall be held and the Judge obtaining the most votes shall be elected. Where two or more Judges obtain an equal number of votes the oldest of them shall be deemed elected. 4. The name of the President elected in accordance with this Article shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 9 Responsibilities of the President 1. The President shall represent the Court. 2. The President shall direct the judicial business and the administration of the Court. He shall preside at hearings, deliberations, and administrative meetings. 3. The President shall ensure the proper functioning of the Court.

Article 10 Where the President is prevented from acting When the President is prevented from acting or when the office of president is vacant, the functions of President shall be exercised by one of the other Judges, according to the order of seniority laid down in Article 7.

CHAPTER 3

Registry

Article 11 Appointment of the Registrar 1. The Court shall appoint the Registrar. 2. When the post of Registrar is vacant, persons interested in the position shall be invited by public advertisement to submit their applications within a period of not less than three weeks, accompanied by full details, including their age, nationality, university degrees, knowledge of languages, present and past occupations, and judicial and international experience. 3. The appointment shall be made following the procedure laid down in Article 8(3). 4. The Registrar shall be appointed for a term of three years. He may be reappointed. The Court may decide to renew the term of office of the incumbent Registrar without availing itself of the procedure laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article. 5. The Registrar shall take the oath set out in Article 4 and sign the declaration provided for in Article 5. 6. The Registrar may be deprived of his office only if he no longer fulfils the requisite conditions or no longer meets the obligations arising from his office. The Court shall take its decision after giving the Registrar an opportunity to make representations. 7. If the office of Registrar falls vacant before the normal date of expiry of the term thereof, the Court shall appoint a new Registrar for a term of three years. 8. The name of the Registrar elected in accordance with this Article shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 12 Deputy Registrar The Court may appoint a Deputy Registrar to assist the Registrar and to take his place if he is prevented from acting.

Article 13 Where the Registrar and Deputy Registrar are prevented from acting Where the Registrar is prevented from acting and, if necessary, where the Deputy Registrar is so prevented, the President shall designate an official to carry out the duties of Registrar.

Article 14 Responsibilities of the Registrar 1. The Registrar shall be responsible, under the authority of the President, for the acceptance, transmission, and custody of all documents and for effecting service as provided for by these Rules. 2. The Registrar shall assist the Judges in all their official functions. 3. The Registrar shall have custody of the seals and shall be responsible for the records. He shall be in charge of the publications of the Court and, in particular, the EFTA Court Reports, and of the publication on the internet of documents concerning the Court. 4. He shall be responsible, under the authority of the President, for the management of the staff and the administration of the Court, and for its financial management and its accounts, including the preparation and implementation of the budget. 5. Instructions to the Registrar shall be adopted by the Court acting on a proposal from the President. 6. Unless provided otherwise in these Rules, the Registrar shall attend the sittings of the Court.

Article 15 Keeping of the register 1. There shall be kept in the Registry, under the responsibility of the Registrar, a register in which all pleadings and supporting items and documents lodged shall be entered in the order in which they are submitted. 2. When a document has been registered, the Registrar shall make a note to that effect on the original and, if a party so requests, on any copy submitted for the purpose. 3. Entries in the register and the notes provided for in the preceding paragraph shall be authentic. 4. Rules for the keeping of the register shall be prescribed by the Instructions to the Registrar referred to in Article 14(5). 5. A notice shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union indicating the date of registration of an application initiating proceedings, the names of the parties, the form of order sought by the applicant and a summary of the pleas in law and of the main supporting arguments or, as the case may be, the date of lodging of a request for an advisory opinion, the identity of the referring court or tribunal, the parties to the main proceedings and the questions referred to the Court.

Article 16 Consultation of the register and of judgments and orders 1. Anyone may consult the register at the Registry and obtain copies or extracts, including certified copies of judgments and orders, on payment of a charge on a scale fixed by the Court on a proposal from the Registrar. 2. The parties to a case may, subject to Articles 59 and 60, on payment of the appropriate charge, as fixed according to the preceding paragraph, obtain certified copies of procedural documents and authenticated copies of orders and judgments. 3. No third party, private or public, may have access to the file in a case without the express authorisation of the President, once the parties have been heard. Such authorisation may be granted, in whole or in part, only upon written request accompanied by a detailed explanation of the third party’s legitimate interest in having access to the file. 4. Rules concerning access to the Court’s historical archives may be laid down by the Court.

Article 17 Authorisation to provide registry functions Following the approval of the EFTA States, the Court may provide registry functions to judicial bodies of an international nature.

CHAPTER 4

Officials and other servants

Article 18 Appointment 1. The officials and other servants of the Court shall be appointed in accordance with the provisions of the Staff Regulations for the EFTA Court. 2. Before taking up his duties, an official or other servant shall take the following oath or, in the alternative, make the following solemn declaration, before the President, in the presence of the Registrar: ‘I [swear/solemnly promise] that I will perform loyally, discreetly and conscientiously the duties assigned to me by the EFTA Court.’

Article 19 Organisation The organisation of the Court shall be laid down, and may be modified, by the Court.

CHAPTER 5

The working of the court

Article 20 Calendar of judicial business 1. The judicial year shall begin on 1 January and end on 31 December of each calendar year. 2. The judicial vacations shall be determined by the Court. 3. In a case of urgency, the President may convene the Judges during the judicial vacations. 4. The Court shall observe the official holidays of the place in which it has its seat. 5. The Court may, in proper circumstances, grant leave of absence to any Judge. 6. The dates of the judicial vacations and the list of official holidays shall be published annually in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 21 Designation of the Judge-Rapporteur 1. As soon as possible after the document initiating proceedings has been lodged, the President shall designate a Judge to act as Rapporteur in the case. 2. The President shall take the necessary steps to designate another Judge to act as Rapporteur if the designated Judge-Rapporteur is prevented from acting.

Article 22 Withdrawal and excusing of a Judge 1. Where a Judge considers, in accordance with the first and second paragraphs of Article 15 of the Statute, that he should not take part in the disposal of a case, he shall so inform the President, who shall exempt him from sitting. 2. Where the President considers that a Judge should not, in accordance with the first and second paragraphs of Article 15 of the Statute, take part in the disposal of a case, he shall notify the Judge concerned and shall hear that Judge before giving his decision. 3. In accordance with the third paragraph of Article 15 of the Statute, any difficulty arising as to the application of this Article shall be settled according to the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA. 4. Where pursuant to this Article a Judge is withdrawn or excused from sitting, an ad hoc Judge shall be chosen to replace him, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA.

Article 23 Where a Judge is prevented from acting If the Court is not complete as a result of a Judge’s being prevented from acting, an ad hoc Judge shall be chosen to replace him, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA.

Article 24 Hearings 1. The dates and times of the hearings of the Court shall be fixed by the President. 2. The Court may choose to hold sittings in a place other than that in which the Court has its seat.

Article 25 Drawing-up of minutes 1. Where the Court sits in the presence of the Registrar, the Registrar shall, if necessary, draw up minutes, which shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar. 2. Where the Court sits without the Registrar being present, the President shall, if necessary, instruct the most junior Judge, according to the order of seniority laid down in Article 7, to draw up minutes, which shall be signed by that Judge and by the President.

Article 26 Deliberations 1. When a hearing has taken place, only those Judges who participated in that hearing shall take part in the deliberations. 2. Every Judge taking part in the deliberations shall state his opinion and the reasons for it. 3. The conclusions reached by the majority of the Judges after final discussion shall determine the decision of the Court. 4. The deliberations of the Court shall be and shall remain secret. 5. If the deliberations of the Court concern questions of its own administration, the Registrar shall be present, unless the Court decides to the contrary.

Article 27 Decisions of the Court - quorum 1. Decisions of the Court shall be valid only when all the Judges have participated in the deliberations. 2. If, as a result of a Judge’s being prevented from acting, exempted from acting, or withdrawn so that the Court is incomplete, an ad hoc Judge shall be chosen to replace that Judge, in accordance with the fourth paragraph of Article 30 SCA. 3. Decisions of the Court on administrative matters may be adopted with two Judges present. In such cases, the President shall have a casting vote.

Article 28 Annual Report 1. The Court shall publish its reports, orders, judgments, and other judicial decisions on its website. 2. The Court may decide to issue its Annual Report electronically.

CHAPTER 6

Languages

Article 29 Language of the Court 1. The language of the Court shall be English. This shall apply to the whole procedure including deliberations, decisions, and minutes of the Court. 2. English shall be used in the written and the oral part of the procedure, unless otherwise provided in these Rules. 3. Without prejudice to Article 30, all supporting documents submitted to the Court shall be in English or be accompanied by a translation into English, unless the Court decides otherwise. 4. In the case of lengthy documents, translations may be confined to extracts. However, the Court may, of its own motion or at the request of a party, at any time call for a complete or fuller translation. 5. The Court may, at the request of a party or intervener other than an interested party, allow this party or intervener to address and be addressed by the Court in an official language of an EFTA State or of the European Union in the oral part of the procedure. The Court shall arrange for interpretation to and from English. Such a request shall be submitted at least three weeks in advance of the oral part of the procedure.

Article 30 Advisory opinion procedure 1. Where a request for an advisory opinion is referred to the Court in accordance with Article 34 SCA, the referring court or tribunal is entitled to make its request in the language in which the case is dealt with before that court or tribunal. The Court shall arrange for translation into English. 2. The referring court or tribunal and the parties to the dispute before it may submit documents to the Court in the language in which the case is dealt with before that court or tribunal. Such documents shall be translated into English to the extent that it is found necessary by the Court. The Court shall arrange for the translation. 3. The Court shall arrange for translation of the report for the hearing in order to also make it available in the language in which the case is dealt with before the referring court or tribunal. 4. Parties to the dispute before the referring court or tribunal are entitled orally to address and be addressed by the Court in the language in which the case is dealt with before that court or tribunal. The Court shall arrange for interpretation to and from English. A party wishing to use such a language shall inform the Registrar at least three weeks in advance of the oral part of the procedure. 5. The judgment of the Court shall be given in English and in the language in which the request was made. The judgment shall be authentic in these languages.

Article 31 Witnesses Where a witness or expert states that he is unable to express himself adequately in English, the Court may authorise him to give his evidence in another language. The Court shall arrange for interpretation. Such a request shall normally be submitted at least three weeks in advance of the oral part of the procedure.

Article 32 Publications of the Court Publications of the Court shall be issued in English, German, Icelandic, or Norwegian.

TITLE II

COMMON PROCEDURAL PROVISIONS

CHAPTER 1

Rights and obligations of agents, advisers and lawyers

Article 33 Privileges, immunities and facilities 1. Agents, advisers and lawyers who appear before the Court or before any judicial authority to which the Court has addressed letters rogatory, shall enjoy immunity in respect of words spoken or written by them concerning the case or the parties. 2. Agents, advisers and lawyers shall also enjoy the following privileges and facilities: (a) any papers and documents relating to the proceedings shall be exempt from both search and seizure. In the event of a dispute, the customs officials or police may seal those papers and documents; they shall then be immediately forwarded to the Court for inspection in the presence of the Registrar and of the person concerned; (b) agents, advisers and lawyers shall be entitled to such allocation of foreign currency as may be necessary for the performance of their duties; (c) agents, advisers and lawyers shall be entitled to travel in the course of duty without hindrance.

Article 34 Status of the parties’ representatives 1. In order to qualify for the privileges, immunities and facilities specified in Article 33, persons entitled to them shall furnish proof of their status as follows: (a) agents shall produce an official document issued by the party for whom they act, who shall immediately serve a copy thereof on the Registrar; (b) lawyers shall produce a certificate that they are authorised to practise before a court of a State that is a party to the EEA Agreement, and, where the party whom they represent is a legal person governed by private law, an authority to act issued by that person; (c) advisers shall produce an authority to act issued by the party whom they are assisting. 2. The Registrar shall provide them with a certificate, if required. The validity of this certificate shall be limited to a specified period, which may be extended or curtailed according to the duration of the proceedings.

Article 35 Waiver of immunity 1. The privileges, immunities and facilities specified in Article 33 are granted exclusively in the interests of the proper conduct of proceedings. 2. The Court may waive immunity where it considers that the proper conduct of proceedings will not be hindered thereby.

Article 36 Exclusion from the proceedings 1. If the Court or the President considers that the conduct of an agent, adviser or lawyer before the Court, the President, a Judge or the Registrar is incompatible with the dignity of the Court or with the requirements of the proper administration of justice, or that such agent, adviser or lawyer is using his rights for purposes other than those for which they were granted, it shall inform the person concerned. If the Court informs the competent authorities to whom the person concerned is answerable, a copy of the letter sent to those authorities shall be forwarded to the person concerned. 2. On the same grounds, the Court may at any time, having heard the person concerned, decide to exclude an agent, adviser or lawyer from the proceedings by reasoned order. That order shall have immediate effect. 3. Where an agent, adviser or lawyer is excluded from the proceedings, the proceedings shall be suspended for a period fixed by the President in order to allow the party concerned to appoint another agent, adviser or lawyer. 4. Decisions taken under this Article may be rescinded.

CHAPTER 2

Notification and service

Article 37 Notification of requests for advisory opinions In cases governed by Article 34 SCA, the court or tribunal of an EFTA State that suspends its proceedings and refers a case to the Court shall notify the Court of its decision. The decision shall then be notified by the Registrar to the parties and interested persons, accompanied by a translation into English of the request.

Article 38 Methods of service 1. Documents may be served on a person by post, in accordance with paragraph 2, by e-EFTACourt, in accordance with paragraph 3, or by any other technical means of communication, in accordance with paragraphs 4 and 5. 2. Where these Rules require that a document be served on a person, the Registrar shall ensure that service is effected at that person’s address for service either by the dispatch of a copy of the document by registered post with a form for acknowledgement of receipt or by personal delivery of the copy against a receipt. The Registrar shall prepare and certify the copies of documents to be served, save where the parties themselves supply the copies in accordance with Article 54(3). 3. The Court may, by decision, determine the criteria for a pleading to be served by electronic or other technical means. That decision shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union, and shall be included in Annex I to these Rules. 4. Where the addressee has agreed that service is to be effected on him by any other technical means of communication, any procedural document, including a judgment or order of the Court, may be served by the transmission of a copy of the document by such means. Where a document is to be served on a person by such technical means, service is effected on the day on which the Court transmitted the document to the person concerned via the agreed technical means. 5. Where, for technical reasons or on account of the nature or size of the document, service of the document in accordance with paragraph 4 is impossible or impracticable, the document shall be served, if the addressee has not specified an address for service, at his address in accordance with the procedures laid down in paragraph 2 of this Article. The addressee shall be so informed by technical means of communication. Service shall then be deemed to have been effected on the addressee by registered post on the 10th day following the lodging of the registered letter at the post office of the place in which the Court has its seat, unless it is shown by the acknowledgement of receipt that the letter was received on a different date or the addressee informs the Registrar, within three weeks of being informed by technical means of communication, that the document to be served has not reached him.

CHAPTER 3

Time-Limits

Article 39 Calculation of time-limits 1. Any procedural time-limit prescribed by the EEA Agreement, the SCA, the Statute, or these Rules shall be calculated as follows: (a) where a time-limit expressed in days, weeks, months or years is to be calculated from the moment at which an event occurs or an action takes place, the day during which that event occurs or that action takes place shall not be counted as falling within the time-limit in question; (b) a time-limit expressed in weeks shall end with the expiry of whichever day in the last week is the same day of the week as the day during which the event or action from which the time-limit is to be calculated occurred or took place; (c) a time-limit expressed in months or in years shall end with the expiry of whichever day in the last month or year falls on the same date as the day during which the event or action from which the time-limit is to be calculated occurred or took place. If, in a time-limit expressed in months or in years, the day on which it should expire does not occur in the last month, the time-limit shall end with the expiry of the last day of that month; (d) where a time-limit is expressed in months and days, it shall first be calculated in whole months, then in days; (e) time-limits shall include the official holidays referred to in Article 20, Saturdays, and Sundays; (f) time-limits shall not be suspended during the judicial vacations referred to in Article 20. 2. If the time-limit would otherwise end on a Saturday, Sunday, or an official holiday, it shall be extended until the end of the first following working day.

Article 40 Proceedings against a measure adopted by the EFTA Surveillance Authority The time-limit allowed for initiating proceedings against a measure adopted by the EFTA Surveillance Authority shall run from the day following the receipt by the person concerned of notification of the measure or, where the measure is published, from the end of the fourteenth day after publication thereof in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 41 Distance Any time-limit prescribed by the EEA Agreement, the SCA, the Statute, or these Rules may not be extended on considerations of distance alone.

Article 42 Setting and extension of time-limits 1. Any time-limit prescribed pursuant to these Rules may be extended by whoever prescribed it. 2. The President may delegate to the Registrar power of signature for the purposes of fixing certain time-limits which, pursuant to these Rules, it falls to him to prescribe, or of extending such time-limits. 3. A procedural document lodged at the Registry after expiry of the time-limit set by the President or by the Registrar pursuant to these Rules may be accepted only pursuant to a decision of the President to that effect.

Article 43 Force majeure No right shall be prejudiced in consequence of the expiry of a time-limit if the party concerned proves the existence of unforeseeable circumstances or of force majeure.

CHAPTER 4

Different procedures for dealing with cases

Article 44 Procedures for dealing with cases 1. Without prejudice to the special provisions laid down in the Statute or in these Rules, the procedure before the Court shall consist of a written part and an oral part. 2. Without prejudice to the provisions contained in paragraphs 3 to 5, the Court shall deal with the cases before it in the order in which they become ready for examination. Where the preparatory inquiries in several cases are completed simultaneously, the order in which they are to be dealt with shall be determined by the dates of entry in the register of the applications initiating them respectively. 3. The President may in special circumstances decide that a case be given priority over others. 4. A request for an advisory opinion may be dealt with under an expedited procedure in accordance with the conditions provided for in Chapter 2 of Title III. 5. A direct action may be dealt with under an expedited procedure in accordance with the conditions provided for in Chapter 5 of Title IV.

Article 45 Anonymity and omission of certain information vis-à-vis the public On a reasoned application by a party, made by a separate document, or of his own motion, the President may, after hearing the Judge-Rapporteur, decide to omit the name of a party to the dispute or of other persons mentioned in connection with the proceedings, or certain information, from those documents relating to a case to which the public has access, if there are legitimate reasons for keeping the identity of a person or the information confidential.

Article 46 Joinder 1. The Court may, at any time, after giving the parties an opportunity to express their views, order that two or more cases of the same type concerning the same subject-matter shall, on account of the connection between them, be joined for the purposes of the written or the oral part of the procedure or of the decision which closes the proceedings. The cases may subsequently be disjoined. 2. All the parties to the joined cases may examine the files in the cases concerned at the Registry. The President may, however, on application by a party, order that certain confidential information from the case-file be excluded from that consultation. 3. Without prejudice to paragraph 2, procedural documents included in the files of the cases concerned by the joinder shall be served on the parties to the joined cases, provided that the representatives of those parties request it and have agreed to the method of service referred to in Article 38(3).

Article 47 Stay of proceedings 1. Proceedings may be stayed: (a) at the request of a main party with the agreement of the other main party; or (b) where the proper administration of justice so requires. 2. The decision to stay proceedings shall be taken by the President after hearing the Judge-Rapporteur and, save in the case of advisory opinions, the parties. 3. The proceedings may be resumed by decision of the President adopted following the same procedure laid down in paragraph 2, unless the decision to stay fixes the length of the stay. 4. The decisions referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 shall be served on the parties and interested persons. 5. The stay of proceedings shall take effect on the date indicated in the decision to stay or, in the absence of such indication, on the date of that decision. 6. During the period in which proceedings are stayed, all procedural time-limits shall be suspended. 7. A decision ordering that the proceedings be resumed before the end of the stay, or as referred to in paragraph 8, shall be taken in accordance with the procedure laid down in paragraph 2. 8. Where the decision to stay does not fix the length of stay, it shall end on the date indicated in the decision to resume the proceedings or, in the absence of such indication, on the date of the latter decision. 9. From the date of resumption of proceedings following a stay, any suspended procedural time-limits shall be replaced by new time-limits set by the President and time shall begin to run from the date of that resumption.

Article 48 Deferment of the determination of a case The President may in special circumstances, after hearing the parties, either on his own initiative or at the request of one of the parties, defer a case to be dealt with at a later date. On a joint application by the parties, the President may likewise order that a case be deferred.

CHAPTER 5

Legal aid

Article 49 Legal aid 1. Any party who, because of his economic situation, is wholly or in part unable to meet the costs of the proceedings before the Court may at any time apply for legal aid. The economic situation of the applicant shall be assessed, taking into account objective factors such as income, capital, and family circumstances. 2. Legal aid shall cover, in whole or in part, the costs involved in legal assistance and representation by a lawyer in proceedings before the Court. The Court shall be responsible for these costs in accordance with Article 52.

Article 50 Application for legal aid 1. The application shall be accompanied by all information and supporting documents making it possible to assess the applicant’s financial situation, such as a certificate issued by a competent national authority attesting to his financial situation. 2. The application for legal aid need not be made through a lawyer. 3. In advisory opinion proceedings, if the applicant has already obtained legal aid before the referring court or tribunal, he shall produce the decision of that court or tribunal and specify what is covered by the sums already granted. 4. In direct actions, an application for legal aid may be made before the action has been brought or while it is pending. If the application is made before the action has been brought, the applicant must briefly state the subject-matter of the proposed action, the facts of the case, and the arguments in support of the action. The application must be accompanied by supporting documents in that regard. The introduction of an application for legal aid shall, for the person who made it, suspend the time-limit prescribed for the bringing of an action until the date of service of the order making a decision on that application or, in the cases referred to in Article 51(4), of the order designating the lawyer instructed to represent the applicant. Legal aid shall be refused if the action in respect of which the application is made appears to be manifestly inadmissible or manifestly unfounded. The Court shall invite the other party to submit its written observations unless it is already apparent from the information produced that the conditions laid down in Article 49(1) have not been satisfied or that the preceding subparagraph shall apply.

Article 51 Decision on the application for legal aid 1. The President shall assign the application for legal aid, as soon as it is lodged, to a Judge-Rapporteur, who shall put forward, promptly, a proposal regarding the action to be taken. 2. The decision to grant legal aid, in full or in part, or to refuse it shall be taken by the Court on a proposal from the Judge-Rapporteur. 3. The Court shall give its decision by way of order. Where the application for legal aid is refused in whole or in part, the order shall state the reasons for that refusal. 4. Any order granting legal aid may designate a lawyer to represent the person concerned if that lawyer has been proposed by the applicant in the application for legal aid and has agreed to represent the applicant before the Court. 5. If the applicant has not indicated his choice of lawyer, or if the Court considers that his choice is unacceptable, the Registrar shall send a copy of the order and of the application for legal aid to the authority named in Annex II as being the competent authority of the EFTA State concerned. 6. The lawyer instructed to represent the applicant shall be designated by way of order, having regard to the suggestions made by the applicant or to the suggestions made by the authority referred to in paragraph 5, as the case may be. 7. An order granting legal aid may specify an amount to be paid to the lawyer instructed to represent the person concerned or fix a limit which the lawyer’s disbursements and fees may not, in principle, exceed. It may provide for a contribution to be made by the person concerned to the costs referred to in Article 52(1), having regard to his economic situation.

Article 52 Advances and responsibility for costs 1. Where legal aid is granted, the Court shall be responsible, where applicable within the limits set by it, for costs involved in the assistance and representation of the applicant before the Court. At the request of the applicant or his representative, an advance on those costs may be paid. 2. In direct actions, where, by virtue of the decision closing the proceedings, the recipient of legal aid has to bear his own costs, the President shall by way of reasoned order fix the lawyer’s disbursements and fees which are to be paid by the Court. He may refer the matter to the Court. Where, in the decision closing the proceedings, the Court has ordered another party to pay the costs of the recipient of legal aid, that other party shall be required to refund to the Court any sums advanced by way of legal aid. The Registrar shall take steps to obtain the recovery of the sums referred to in the preceding subparagraph from the party ordered to pay them. Where the recipient of the aid is unsuccessful, the Court may, in ruling as to costs in the decision closing the proceedings, if equity so requires, order that one or more parties should bear their own costs or that those costs should be borne, in whole or in part, by the Court by way of legal aid.

Article 53 Withdrawal of legal aid If the circumstances which led to the grant of legal aid alter during the proceedings, the Court may, of its own motion or on request, withdraw that legal aid, having heard the person concerned. An order withdrawing legal aid shall contain a statement of reasons.

CHAPTER 6

Written procedure

Article 54 Lodging of pleadings 1. Pleadings may be lodged in paper form, in accordance with paragraphs 2 to 7, or by e-EFTACourt, in accordance with paragraph 8. 2. The original of every pleading must bear the signature of the party’s agent or lawyer, or, in the case of observations submitted in the context of advisory opinion proceedings, that of the party to the main proceedings or his representative, if the national rules of procedure applicable to those main proceedings so permit. 3. The original, accompanied by all annexes referred to therein, shall be lodged together with five copies for the Court and, in the case of proceedings other than advisory opinion proceedings, a copy for every other party to the proceedings. Copies shall be certified by the party lodging them. 4. All pleadings shall bear a date. In the calculation of procedural time-limits, only the date of lodging the original pleadings at the Registry shall be taken into account. 5. To every pleading there shall be annexed a file containing the items and documents relied on in support of it, together with a schedule listing them. 6. Where in view of the length of an item or document only extracts from it are annexed to the pleadings, the whole item or document or a full copy of it shall be lodged at the Registry. 7. By way of derogation from the second sentence of paragraph 4, the date on which a copy of the signed original of a pleading, including the schedule of items and documents referred to in paragraph 5, is received at the Registry by any technical means of communication available to the Court shall be deemed to be the date of lodging for the purposes of compliance with procedural time-limits, provided that the signed original of the pleading, accompanied by the annexes and copies referred to in paragraph 3, is lodged at the Registry no later than 10 days thereafter. 8. The Court may by decision determine the criteria for a pleading sent to the Registry by electronic or other technical means to be deemed to be the original of that document. That decision shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union, and shall be included in Annex I to these Rules.

CHAPTER 7

Preliminary report

Article 55 Preliminary report 1. When the written part of the procedure is closed, the President shall fix a date on which the Judge-Rapporteur is to present his preliminary report to the Court. 2. The preliminary report shall contain proposals as to whether particular measures of organisation of procedure, measures of inquiry or, where appropriate, requests to the referring court or tribunal for clarification should be undertaken. It shall also contain the Judge-Rapporteur’s proposals, if any, as to whether to dispense with a hearing. 3. The Court shall decide what action to take on the proposals of the Judge-Rapporteur.

CHAPTER 8

Measures of organisation of procedure and measures of inquiry

Article 56 Measures of organisation of procedure and measures of inquiry 1. At any stage of the proceedings, the Court may prescribe any measure of organisation of procedure or any measure of inquiry referred to in the following Articles, or order that a previous inquiry be repeated or expanded. 2. The measures of organisation of procedure or any measure of inquiry, which the Court has ordered, may be conducted by the Court itself, or be assigned to the Judge-Rapporteur.

Article 57 Measures of organisation of procedure 1. The purpose of measures of organisation of procedure shall be to ensure that cases are prepared for hearing, procedures carried out, and disputes resolved under the best possible conditions. 2. Measures of organisation of procedure shall, in particular, have as their purpose: (a) to ensure the efficient conduct of the written and the oral part of the procedure and facilitate the taking of evidence; (b) to determine the points on which the parties must present further argument or which call for measures of inquiry; (c) to clarify the forms of order sought by the parties, their pleas in law and arguments and the points at issue between them; (d) to facilitate the amicable settlement of disputes. 3. Measures of organisation of procedure may, in particular, consist of: (a) putting questions to the parties; (b) inviting the parties to make written or oral submissions on certain aspects of the proceedings; (c) asking the parties or third parties for information or particulars; (d) asking the parties to produce documents or any papers relating to the case; (e) summoning the parties’ agents, advisers, lawyers or the parties in person to meetings. 4. Each party may, at any stage of the procedure, propose the adoption or modification of measures of organisation of procedure. Such proposal shall be made by way of a separate document or be made in a separate section of the pleading in question. In such cases, the other parties shall be heard before the measures concerned are prescribed. 5. Where the procedural circumstances so require, the Registrar shall inform the parties of the measures envisaged by the Court and shall give them an opportunity to submit comments orally or in writing.

Article 58 Measures of inquiry 1. The Court shall prescribe the measures of inquiry that it considers appropriate by means of an order setting out the facts to be proved. The order shall be served on the parties. 2. Before the Court decides on the measures of inquiry referred to in paragraph 3(c) to (e), the Registrar shall inform the parties of the measures envisaged by the Court and shall give them an opportunity to make comments orally or in writing. 3. Without prejudice to Articles 21 and 22 of the Statute, the following measures of inquiry may be adopted: (a) the personal appearance of the parties; (b) a request for information and production of documents; (c) oral testimony; (d) the commissioning of an expert’s report; (e) an inspection of the place or thing in question. 4. Evidence may be submitted in rebuttal and previous evidence may be amplified. 5. The parties shall be entitled to attend the measures of inquiry.

Article 59 Treatment of confidential information and material 1. Where it is necessary for the Court to examine, on the basis of the matters of law and of fact relied on by a party, the confidentiality, vis-à-vis other parties, of certain information or material produced before the Court following a measure of inquiry referred to in Article 58 that may be relevant in order for the Court to rule in a case, that information or material shall not be communicated to the other parties at the stage of such examination. 2. Where the Court concludes in the examination provided for in paragraph 1 that certain information or material produced before it is relevant in order for it to rule in the case and is confidential vis-á-vis other parties, it shall weigh that confidentiality against the requirements linked to the right to effective judicial protection, particularly observance of the adversarial principle. 3. After weighing up the matters referred to in paragraph 2, the Court may decide to bring the confidential information or material to the attention of the other parties, making its disclosure subject, if necessary, to the giving of specific undertakings, or it may decide not to communicate such information or material, specifying, by reasoned order, the procedures enabling the other parties, to the greatest extent possible, to make their views known, including ordering the production of a non-confidential version or a non-confidential summary of the information or material, containing the essential content thereof.

Article 60 Documents to which access has been denied by the EFTA Surveillance Authority Where a document to which access has been denied by the EFTA Surveillance Authority has been produced before the Court in proceedings relating to the legality of that denial, that document shall not be communicated to the other parties.

CHAPTER 9

Summoning and examination of witnesses and experts

Article 61 Oral testimony 1. The Court may, either of its own motion or at the request of a party, order that certain facts be proved by a witness. A request by a party for the examination of a witness shall state precisely about what facts and for what reasons the witness should be examined. The Court shall rule by reasoned order on the request. 2. Witnesses shall be summoned by an order of the Court containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the witness; (b) an indication of the facts about which the witness is to be examined; (c) where appropriate, particulars of the arrangements made by the Court for reimbursement of expenses incurred by the witness. 3. The order shall be served on the parties and the witnesses.

Article 62 Examination of witnesses 1. After the identity of the witness has been established, the President shall inform him that he will be required to vouch for the truth of his evidence in the manner laid down in these Rules and that any violation by him of this requirement constitutes an offence under Article 26 of the Statute. 2. The witness shall, before giving his evidence, take the following oath or, in the alternative, make the following solemn declaration: ‘I [swear/solemnly promise] that I will tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.’ The Court may, after hearing the parties, exempt a witness from taking the oath or making the solemn declaration. 3. The witness shall give his evidence to the Court, the parties having been given notice to attend. After the witness has given his main evidence, the President, at the request of a party or of his own motion, and the other Judges, may put questions to him. Subject to the control of the President, questions may be put to witnesses by the representatives of the parties.

Article 63 Expert’s report 1. The Court may order that an expert’s report be obtained. The order appointing the expert shall define his task and set a time-limit within which he is to submit his report. 2. The expert shall receive a copy of the order, together with all the documents necessary for carrying out his task. He shall be under the supervision of the Judge-Rapporteur, who may be present during his investigation and who shall be kept informed of his progress in carrying out his task. 3. At the request of the expert, the Court may order the examination of witnesses. Their examination shall be carried out in accordance with Article 62. 4. The expert may give his opinion only on points which have been expressly referred to him. 5. After the expert has submitted his report and that report has been served on the parties, the Court may order that the expert be examined. The parties shall be given notice to attend the examination. The President, at the request of one of the parties or on his own motion, and the other Judges, may put questions to the expert. Subject to the control of the President, questions may be put to the expert by the representatives of the parties. 6. The expert shall, after submitting his report, take the following oath or, in the alternative, make the following solemn declaration, before the Court: ‘I [swear/solemnly promise] that I have conscientiously and impartially carried out my task.’ The Court may, after hearing the parties, exempt the expert from taking the oath or making the solemn declaration.

Article 64 Duties of witnesses and experts 1. A witness who has been duly summoned shall obey the summons and attend for examination, unless he proffers a valid excuse to the Court. 2. The Court may, in accordance with Article 26 of the Statute, decide to report to the competent authority of the EFTA State referred to in Annex II any defaulting witness or any case of perjury on the part of a witness or expert. The Registrar shall be responsible for communicating the decision of the Court. The decision shall set out the facts and circumstances on which the report is based.

Article 65 Objection to a witness or expert 1. If one of the parties objects to a witness or to an expert on the ground that he is not a competent or proper person to act as a witness or expert or for any other reason, or if a witness or expert refuses to give evidence, to take the oath or to make a solemn affirmation equivalent thereto, the matter shall be resolved by the Court. 2. An objection to a witness or to an expert shall be raised within two weeks after service of the order summoning the witness or appointing the expert. The statement of objection must set out the grounds of objection and indicate the nature of any evidence offered.

Article 66 Witnesses’ and experts’ costs 1. Witnesses and experts shall be entitled to reimbursement of their travel and subsistence expenses. 2. Where the Court orders the examination of witnesses or an expert's report, it may request the parties or one of them to lodge security for the witnesses' costs or the costs of the expert's report. 3. The Court shall advance the funds necessary in connection with the examination of any witness or the commissioning of an expert’s report which the Court requested of its own motion. 4. Witnesses shall be entitled to compensation for loss of earnings, and experts to fees for their services. The Court shall pay witnesses and experts these sums after they have carried out their respective duties or tasks.

Article 67 Minutes of inquiry hearings 1. The Registrar or a Judge designated by the President shall draw up minutes of every inquiry hearing. The minutes shall be signed by the President or by the Judge-Rapporteur responsible for conducting the examination of the witness or expert, and by the Registrar or the Judge designated to draw up the minutes. Before the minutes are thus signed, witnesses shall be given an opportunity to check the content of the minutes and to sign them. 2. The minutes shall constitute an official record.

Article 68 Letters rogatory 1. The Court may, on application by a party or of its own motion, issue letters rogatory for the examination of witnesses or experts. 2. Letters rogatory shall be issued in the form of an order, which shall contain the surname, forenames, description and address of the witness or expert, set out the facts on which the witness or expert is to be examined, name the parties, their agents, lawyers or advisers, indicate their addresses for service and briefly describe the subject-matter of the proceedings. Notice of the order shall be served on the parties by the Registrar. 3. The Registrar shall send the order to the competent authority of the EFTA State referred to in Annex II in whose territory the witness or expert is to be examined. Where necessary, the order shall be accompanied by a translation into the official language or languages of the State to which it is addressed. The authority named pursuant to the first subparagraph shall pass on the order to the judicial authority which is competent according to its national law. The competent judicial authority shall give effect to the letters rogatory in accordance with its national law. After implementation, the competent judicial authority shall transmit to the authority named pursuant to the first subparagraph the order embodying the letters rogatory, any documents arising from the implementation, and a detailed statement of costs. These documents shall be sent to the Registrar. The Registrar shall be responsible for the translation of the documents into English. 4. The Court shall defray the expenses occasioned by the letters rogatory without prejudice to the right to charge them, where appropriate, to the parties.

CHAPTER 10

Oral part of the procedure

Article 69 Opening date The President shall fix the opening date of the oral part of the procedure once all measures of organisation of procedure or measures of inquiry instituted during the written procedure, if any, have been completed.

Article 70 Dispensing with the oral part of the procedure The Court may, acting on a report from the Judge-Rapporteur, with the express consent of the parties, decide to dispense with the oral part of the procedure.

Article 71 Report for the hearing Before the oral part of the procedure, a report for the hearing from the Judge-Rapporteur shall be communicated to the parties and interested persons.

Article 72 Absence of the parties from the hearing 1. Where a party informs the Court that he will not be present at the hearing or where the Court finds at the hearing that a party who has been duly given notice to attend is absent without excuse, the hearing shall proceed in the absence of the party concerned. 2. Where the main parties indicate to the Court that they will not be present at the hearing, the President shall decide whether the oral part of the procedure may be closed.

Article 73 Joint hearing If the similarities between two or more cases of the same type so permit, the Court may decide to hold a joint hearing of those cases.

Article 74 Conduct of oral proceedings Oral proceedings shall be directed by the President, who shall be responsible for the proper conduct of the hearing.

Article 75 Cases heard in camera 1. For serious reasons, the Court may decide to hear a case in camera, in accordance with Article 27 of the Statute. This may also apply to cases referred for an advisory opinion, upon request of the referring court or tribunal. 2. The request by a party for a case to be heard in camera must include reasons and specify whether it concerns all or part of the hearing. Where a party makes such a request, the Court shall decide upon it after hearing the parties. 3. The oral proceedings in cases heard in camera shall not be published.

Article 76 Addressing the Court Unless Article 91(3) applies, a party may address the Court only through his agent, adviser or lawyer.

Article 77 Closing of the oral part of the procedure After the parties and interested persons have presented oral arguments, the President shall declare the oral part of the procedure closed.

Article 78 Opening or reopening of the oral part of the procedure The Court may at any time order the opening or reopening of the oral part of the procedure, in particular if it considers that it lacks sufficient information or where a party has, after the close of that part of the procedure, submitted a new fact which is of such a nature as to be a decisive factor for the decision of the Court, or where the case must be decided on the basis of an argument which has not been debated between the parties or the interested persons.

Article 79 Minutes of the hearing 1. The Registrar or a Judge designated by the President shall draw up minutes of every hearing in accordance with Article 25. 2. The minutes shall contain the date and place of the hearing, the names of the Judges and the Registrar present, the reference to the case, the names of the parties, the names and descriptions of the parties’ agents, advisers and lawyers, an indication of any documents lodged by the parties in the course of the hearing, and the decisions of the Court or the President, given at the hearing. 3. The minutes shall be signed by the President and by the Registrar or the Judge designated to draw up the minutes. They shall constitute an official record. 4. The parties and interested persons may inspect the minutes at the Registry and obtain copies at their own expense.

CHAPTER 11

Judgments and orders

Article 80 Information on the date of delivery of judgments The parties and interested persons shall be informed of the date of delivery of a judgment.

Article 81 Content of a judgment A judgment shall contain: (a) a statement that it is the judgment of the Court; (b) the date of delivery; (c) the names of the President and of the Judges who took part in the deliberations, with an indication as to the name of the Judge-Rapporteur; (d) the name of the Registrar; (e) a description of the parties or of the interested persons who participated in the proceedings; (f) the names of their representatives; (g) in the case of direct actions, a statement of the forms of order sought by the parties; (h) where applicable, the date of the hearing; (i) a summary of the facts; (j) a summary of the pleadings of the parties; (k) the grounds for the decision; (l) the operative part of the judgment, including, where appropriate, the decision as to costs.

Article 82 Delivery and service of a judgment 1. The judgment shall be delivered in open court; the parties shall be given notice to attend to hear it. 2. The original of the judgment, signed by the President, by the Judges who took part in the deliberations and by the Registrar, shall be sealed and deposited at the Registry; certified copies of the judgment shall be served on the parties and, where applicable, the referring court or tribunal, and the interested persons. 3. The Registrar and the President shall record on the original of the judgment the date on which it was delivered.

Article 83 Content of an order 1. An order shall contain: (a) a statement that it is the order of the Court or of the President, as the case may be; (b) the date of its adoption; (c) an indication as to the legal basis of the order; (d) the names of the President and, where applicable, the Judges who took part in the deliberations, with an indication as to the name of the Judge-Rapporteur; (e) the name of the Registrar; (f) a description of the parties or of the parties to the main proceedings; (g) the names of their representatives; (h) the operative part of the order, including, where appropriate, the decision as to costs. 2. Where, in accordance with these Rules, an order must be reasoned, it shall in addition contain: (a) in the case of direct actions, a statement of the forms of order sought by the parties; (b) a summary of the facts; (c) a summary of the pleadings; (d) the grounds for the decision.

Article 84 Signature and service of an order The original of the order, signed by the President and by the Registrar, shall be sealed and deposited at the Registry; certified copies of the order shall be served on the parties and, where applicable, the referring court or tribunal, and the interested persons.

Article 85 Binding nature of judgments and orders 1. A judgment shall be binding from the date of its delivery. 2. An order shall be binding from the date of its service.

Article 86 Notice A notice containing the date and the operative part of the judgment or order of the Court which closes the proceedings shall be published in the EEA Section of and the EEA Supplement to the Official Journal of the European Union.

Article 87 Rectification of judgments and orders 1. Without prejudice to the provisions relating to the interpretation of judgments, the Court may, of its own motion, or at the request of a party or interested person made within two weeks after the delivery of a judgment or service of the order, rectify clerical mistakes, errors in calculation, and obvious inaccuracies affecting judgments and orders. 2. The requests and applications for rectification shall be assigned to the Judge-Rapporteur who was responsible for the case to which the request or application relates. The President shall take the necessary steps to designate another Judge to act as Rapporteur if the designated Judge-Rapporteur is prevented from acting. 3. Where the request for rectification concerns the operative part or one of the grounds constituting the necessary support for the operative part, the parties, whom the Registrar shall duly inform, may submit written observations within a time-limit prescribed by the President. 4. The Court shall take its decision in closed session. 5. The original of the rectification order shall be annexed to the original of the rectified decision. A note of this order shall be made in the margin of the original of the rectified decision.

TITLE III

ADVISORY OPINION PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 1

General provisions

Article 88 Content of the request for an advisory opinion 1. The request for an advisory opinion shall be accompanied by a summary of the case before the national court or tribunal, including a description of the facts of the case as well as a presentation of the provisions of national law at issue and, where appropriate, the relevant national case law necessary to enable the Court to assess the question to which a reply is sought. 2. The request shall be accompanied by a statement of the reasons which prompted the referring court or tribunal to seek the advisory opinion, and of the relationship between the provisions of EEA law and the national legislation applicable to the main proceedings.

Article 89 Anonymity 1. Where anonymity has been granted by the referring court or tribunal, the Court shall respect that anonymity in the proceedings pending before it. 2. At the request of the referring court or tribunal, at the duly reasoned request of a party to the main proceedings or of his own motion, the President may also, if he considers it necessary, and after hearing the Judge-Rapporteur, render anonymous one or more persons or entities concerned by the case.

Article 90 Participation in advisory opinion proceedings 1. Within two months of the notification by the Registrar under Article 37, the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons shall be entitled to submit statements of case or written observations to the Court. 2. Non-participation in the written procedure does not preclude participation in the oral part of the procedure.

Article 91 Parties to the main proceedings 1. The parties to the main proceedings are those who are determined as such by the referring court or tribunal in accordance with national rules of procedure. 2. Where the referring court or tribunal informs the Court that a new party has been admitted to the main proceedings, when the proceedings before the Court are already pending, that party must accept the case as he finds it at the time when the Court was so informed. That party shall receive a copy of every pleading already served on the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons. 3. As regards the representation and attendance of the parties to the main proceedings, the Court shall take account of the rules of procedure in force before the court or tribunal which introduced the request. In the event of any doubt as to whether a person may under national law represent a party to the main proceedings, the Court may obtain information from the referring court or tribunal on the rules of procedure applicable.

Article 92 Translation and service of the request for an advisory opinion Pursuant to Article 37, requests for an advisory opinion shall be served in the original version, accompanied by an English translation.

Article 93 Reply by reasoned order Where a question referred to the Court for an advisory opinion is manifestly identical to a question on which the Court has already ruled or given an opinion, the Court may at any time, on a proposal from the Judge-Rapporteur, after asking for clarification pursuant to Article 95 from the court or tribunal which referred the question to it and hearing any observations submitted by the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons, give its decision by reasoned order in which reference is made to its previous judgment or opinion.

Article 94 Circumstances in which the Court remains seised 1. The Court shall remain seised of a request for an advisory opinion for as long as it is not withdrawn by the court or tribunal which made that request to the Court. The withdrawal of a request may be taken into account until notice of the date of delivery of the judgment has been served on the interested persons. 2. However, the Court may at any time declare that the conditions of its jurisdiction are no longer fulfilled.

Article 95 Request for clarification 1. Without prejudice to the measures of organisation of procedure and measures of inquiry provided for in these Rules, the Court may request clarification from the referring court or tribunal within a time-limit prescribed by the Court. 2. The reply of the referring court or tribunal to that request shall be served on the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons.

Article 96 Costs of the advisory opinion proceedings It shall be for the referring court or tribunal to decide as to the costs of the advisory opinion proceedings.

Article 97 Interpretation of advisory opinions 1. Article 138 relating to the interpretation of judgments and orders shall not apply to decisions given in reply to a request for an advisory opinion. 2. It shall be for the national courts or tribunals to assess whether they consider that sufficient guidance is given by an advisory opinion, or whether it appears to them that a further request to the Court is required.

CHAPTER 2

Expedited procedure

Article 98 Expedited procedure 1. At the request of the national court or, exceptionally, of his own motion, the President, after hearing the Judge-Rapporteur, may decide to apply an expedited procedure derogating from the provisions of these Rules to a request for an advisory opinion, where the circumstances referred to establish that a ruling on the question put to the Court is a matter of urgency. 2. In that event, the President may immediately fix the date for the hearing, which shall be notified to the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons when the request for an advisory opinion is served. 3. The parties to the main proceedings and interested persons may lodge statements of case or written observations within a period prescribed by the President, which shall not be less than 15 days. The President may request that they restrict the matters addressed in their statement of case or written observations to the essential points of law raised by the question referred. 4. The statements of case or written observations, if any, shall be notified to the parties to the main proceedings and interested persons prior to the hearing. 5. The President may decide to dispense with the report for the hearing, or to dispense with the translation of the report for the hearing.

Article 99 Lodging and service of pleadings 1. Article 54 applies to the lodging of pleadings. In derogation from Article 54(7), the date on which a copy of the signed original of statements of case or written observations, including the schedule of documents referred to in Article 54(5), is received at the Registry by any technical means of communication available to the Court shall be deemed to be the date of submission for the purposes of compliance with the time-limits for taking steps in proceedings, provided that the signed original of the statements of case or written observations, accompanied by the annexes and copies referred to in Article 54(3), is lodged at the Registry no later than five days thereafter. 2. Where Article 98 requires that a document be served on or communicated to a person, such service or communication may be effected by transmission of a copy of the document by any technical means of communication available to the Court and the addressee.

TITLE IV

DIRECT ACTIONS

CHAPTER 1

Representation of the parties

Article 100 Obligation to be represented 1. A party may be represented only by his agent or lawyer. 2. Agents and lawyers must lodge at the Registry an official document or an authority to act issued by the party whom they represent. 3. The lawyer acting for a party must also lodge at the Registry a certificate that he is authorised to practise before a court of an EFTA State or of an EU Member State.

CHAPTER 2

Written procedure

Article 101 Content of the application 1. An application of the kind referred to in Article 19 of the Statute shall state: (a) the name and address of the applicant; (b) the name of the party against whom the application is made; (c) the subject-matter of the proceedings, the pleas in law and arguments relied on and a summary of those pleas in law; (d) the form of order sought by the applicant; (e) where appropriate, any evidence produced or offered in support. 2. An application made by a legal person governed by private law shall be accompanied by: (a) the instrument or instruments constituting or regulating that legal person or a recent extract from the register of companies, firms or associations or any other proof of its existence in law; (b) proof that the authority granted to the applicant’s lawyer has been properly conferred on him by someone authorised for that purpose.

Article 102 Information relating to service 1. For the purpose of the proceedings, the application shall state an address for service. It shall indicate the name of the person who is authorised and has expressed willingness to accept service. 2. In addition to, or instead of, specifying an address for service as referred to in paragraph 1, the application may state that the lawyer or agent agrees that service is to be effected on him by e-EFTACourt or any other technical means of communication. 3. If the application does not comply with the requirements referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, all service on the party concerned for the purpose of the proceedings shall be effected, for so long as the defect has not been cured, by registered letter addressed to the agent or lawyer of that party. By way of derogation from Article 38, service shall then be deemed to be duly effected by the lodging of the registered letter at the post office of the place in which the Court has its seat.

Article 103 Annexes to the application 1. The application shall be accompanied, where appropriate, by the documents specified in the second paragraph of Article 19 of the Statute. 2. The application shall, in the circumstances referred to in Article 37 SCA, be accompanied by documentary evidence of the date on which the EFTA Surveillance Authority was, in accordance with that Article, requested to act.

Article 104 Modification of the application 1. Where a decision of the EFTA Surveillance Authority, the annulment of which is sought, is replaced or amended by another decision of the EFTA Surveillance Authority with the same subject-matter, the applicant may, before the oral part of the procedure is closed, or before the decision of the Court to rule without an oral part of the procedure, modify the application to take account of that new factor. 2. The modification of the application must be made by a separate document within the time-limit laid down in the third paragraph of Article 36 SCA within which the annulment of the decision of the EFTA Surveillance Authority justifying the modification of the application may be sought. 3. The statement of modification shall contain: (a) the modified form of order sought; (b) where appropriate, the modified pleas in law and arguments; (c) where appropriate, the evidence produced and offered in connection with the modification of the form of order sought. 4. The statement of modification must be accompanied by the decision of the EFTA Surveillance Authority justifying the modification of the application. If that decision is not produced, the Registrar shall prescribe a reasonable time-limit within which the applicant shall produce it. If the applicant fails to produce the decision within the time-limit prescribed, the Court shall decide whether the non-compliance with that requirement renders the statement modifying the application inadmissible. 5. Without prejudice to the decision to be taken by the Court on the admissibility of the statement modifying the application, the President shall prescribe a time-limit within which the defendant may respond to the statement of modification. 6. The President shall, where appropriate, prescribe a time-limit within which any interveners may supplement their statements in intervention in the light of the statement modifying the application and the statement in response. Those statements shall be served simultaneously on the interveners for that purpose.

Article 105 Failure to produce the required documents If the documents referred to in Articles 100, 101(2) and 103 are not lodged, the Registrar shall prescribe a reasonable time-limit within which the party concerned is to produce them. If the party concerned fails to produce the required documents within the time-limit prescribed, the Court shall, after hearing the Judge-Rapporteur, decide whether the non-compliance with that procedural requirement renders the application or written pleading formally inadmissible.

Article 106 Service of the application 1. The application shall be served on the defendant in the form of a certified copy sent by registered post with a form for acknowledgement of receipt or by personal delivery of the copy against a receipt. Where the defendant has previously agreed to applications being served by e-EFTACourt or any other technical means of communication, service of the application may be effected accordingly. 2. In cases where Article 105 applies, service shall be effected as soon as the application has been put in order or the Court has declared it admissible notwithstanding the failure to observe the requirements set out in Articles 100, 101(2) and 103.

Article 107 Defence 1. Within two months after service on him of the application, the defendant shall lodge a defence, stating: (a) the name and address of the defendant; (b) the pleas in law and arguments relied on; (c) the form of order sought by the defendant; (d) where appropriate, any evidence produced or offered. 2. Article 102 shall apply to the defence. 3. The time-limit laid down in paragraph 1 may exceptionally be extended by the President at the duly reasoned request of the defendant.

Article 108 Reply and rejoinder 1. The application initiating proceedings and the defence may be supplemented by a reply from the applicant and, if so, by a rejoinder from the defendant. 2. The President shall prescribe the time-limits within which these pleadings are to be produced. He may specify the matters to which the reply or the rejoinder should relate.

Article 109 Adversarial procedure 1. The Court shall take into consideration only those documents which have been made available to the lawyers and agents of the parties and on which they have been given an opportunity of expressing their views, subject to the provisions of Articles 46(2), 59, 60 and 115(1). 2. Without prejudice to Articles 42(3) and 111, the Court may reject any document submitted after the written part of the procedure has been closed.

CHAPTER 3

Pleas in law and evidence

Article 110 New pleas in law 1. No new plea in law may be introduced in the course of proceedings unless it is based on matters of law or of fact which come to light in the course of the procedure. 2. Without prejudice to the decision to be taken on the admissibility of the plea in law, the President, on a proposal from the Judge-Rapporteur, may prescribe a time-limit within which the other party may respond to that plea. 3. The decision on the admissibility of the plea shall be reserved for the final judgment.

Article 111 Evidence offered or produced 1. Evidence produced or offered shall be submitted in the first exchange of pleadings. In the reply or the rejoinder a party may offer or produce further evidence in support of his arguments. The party must give reasons for any delay in submitting such evidence. 2. The parties may, exceptionally, offer or produce further evidence after the close of the written procedure. They must give reasons for any delay in submitting such evidence. The President, on a proposal from the Judge-Rapporteur, may prescribe a time-limit within which the other party may comment on such evidence.

CHAPTER 4

Intervention

Article 112 Object and effects of the intervention 1. The intervention shall be limited to supporting, in whole or in part, the form of order sought by one of the parties. It shall not give rise to any right to request that a hearing be held. 2. The intervention shall be ancillary to the main proceedings. It shall become devoid of purpose if the case is removed from the register of the Court as a result of a party’s discontinuance or withdrawal from the proceedings or of an agreement between the parties, or where the application is declared inadmissible. 3. The intervener must accept the case as he finds it at the time of his intervention.

Article 113 Application to intervene 1. An application to intervene must be submitted within six weeks of the publication of the notice referred to in Article 15(5). 2. Consideration may be given to an application to intervene which is made after the expiry of the time-limit prescribed in paragraph 1 but before the decision to open the oral part of the procedure provided for in Article 69 is rendered. In that event, if the President allows the intervention, the intervener may submit his observations during the hearing, if it takes place. 3. The application to intervene shall contain: (a) a description of the case; (b) a description of the main parties; (c) the name and address of the intervener; (d) the form of order sought, in support of which the intervener is applying for leave to intervene; (e) a statement of the circumstances establishing the right to intervene, where the application is submitted pursuant to the second paragraph of Article 36 of the Statute. 4. The intervener shall be represented in accordance with Article 17 of the Statute. 5. Articles 100, 101(2), 102, 103 and 105 shall apply.

Article 114 Decision on applications to intervene 1. The application to intervene shall be served on the main parties. The President shall give the parties an opportunity to submit observations before deciding on the application. The President shall decide whether these are to be written or oral. 2. The President shall decide on the application by order or shall refer the application to the Court.

Article 115 Submission of statements in intervention 1. If an intervention, for which application has been made within the period of six weeks prescribed in Article 113(1), is allowed, the intervener shall receive a copy of every pleading served on the parties, provided that those parties have not, within 10 days after the service referred to in Article 114(1) has been effected, put forward observations on the application to intervene or identified secret or confidential items or documents which, if communicated to the intervener, the parties claim would be prejudicial to them. 2. The intervener may submit a statement in intervention within one month after communication of the pleadings referred to in paragraph 1. That time-limit may be extended by the President upon the duly reasoned request of the intervener. 3. The statement in intervention shall contain: (a) the form of order sought by the intervener in support, in whole or in part, of the form of order sought by one of the parties; (b) the pleas in law and arguments relied on by the intervener; (c) where appropriate, any evidence offered or produced. 4. After the statement in intervention has been lodged, the President shall prescribe a time-limit within which the parties may reply to that statement. 5. Where the application to intervene is made after the expiry of the period of six weeks prescribed in Article 113(1), the intervener shall receive a copy of every pleading served on the parties as provided for in paragraph 1 or the Report for the Hearing and shall submit his observations during the oral part of the procedure.

CHAPTER 5

Expedited procedure

Article 116 Expedited procedure 1. At the request of either party or on his own motion, the President may, having regard to the particular urgency and the circumstances of the case and after hearing the parties and the Judge-Rapporteur, decide to adjudicate the case pursuant to an expedited procedure. 2. The request for a case to be determined pursuant to an expedited procedure must be made by a separate document lodged at the same time as the application initiating proceedings or the defence, as the case may be. That request may state that certain pleas in law or arguments or certain passages of the application initiating the proceedings or the defence shall only be raised if the case is not decided under an expedited procedure, in particular by enclosing with the request an abbreviated version of the application initiating the proceedings and a schedule of annexes and only the annexes which are to be taken into consideration if the case is decided under an expedited procedure.

Article 117 Written procedure 1. By way of derogation from Article 107(1), where a case is to be decided under an expedited procedure, the period prescribed for the lodging of the defence shall be one month following the service of the decision of the President allowing the expedited procedure. 2. Under the expedited procedure, the application initiating proceedings and the defence may be supplemented by a reply and a rejoinder only if the President considers this to be necessary. 3. Interested persons may lodge statements of case or written observations within a period prescribed by the President, which shall not be less than 15 days. The President may request that such statements of case or written observations be restricted to the essential points of law raised by the main parties. 4. The decision of the President to adjudicate under an expedited procedure may prescribe conditions as to the volume and presentation of the pleadings of the parties, the subsequent conduct of the proceedings, or as to the pleas in law and arguments on which the Court will be called upon to decide. 5. The President may decide to dispense with the report for the hearing. 6. Article 54 applies to the lodging of pleadings. In derogation from Article 54(7), the date on which a copy of the signed original of a pleading, including the schedule of items and documents referred to in Article 54(5), is received at the Registry by any technical means of communication available to the Court shall be deemed to be the date of lodging for the purposes of compliance with procedural time-limits, provided that the signed original of the pleading, accompanied by the annexes and copies referred to in Article 54(3), is lodged at the Registry no later than five days thereafter. 7. If one of the parties does not comply with any one of the conditions referred to in paragraph 4, the decision to adjudicate under an expedited procedure may be revoked. The proceedings shall then continue in accordance with the ordinary procedure.

Article 118 Intervention in the expedited procedure 1. Without prejudice to the provisions contained in Chapter 4 of this Title, an application to intervene must be submitted within three weeks of the publication of the notice referred to in Article 15(5). The intervener may submit a statement in intervention within a period prescribed by the President which shall not be less than 15 days. 2. After the statement in intervention has been lodged, the President shall give the parties an opportunity to reply to that statement during the oral hearing.

Article 119 Oral part of the procedure 1. Once the defence has been submitted, the President shall fix a date for the hearing, which shall be communicated forthwith to the parties. The President may postpone the date of the hearing where it is necessary to undertake measures of inquiry or where measures of organisation of procedure so require. 2. Without prejudice to Articles 110 and 111, a party may supplement his arguments and offer or produce further evidence during the oral part of the procedure. The party must, however, give reasons for any delay in submitting such further arguments or evidence.

CHAPTER 6

Costs

Article 120 Decision as to costs A decision as to costs shall be given in the judgment or order which closes the proceedings.

Article 121 General rules as to allocation of costs 1. The unsuccessful party shall be ordered to pay the costs if they have been applied for in the successful party’s pleadings. Where there is more than one unsuccessful party, the Court shall decide how the costs are to be shared. 2. Where each party succeeds on some and fails on other pleas, or where the circumstances are exceptional, the Court may order that the costs shall be shared or that each party shall bear its own costs. However, if it appears justified in the circumstances of the case, the Court may order that one party, in addition to bearing its own costs, pay a proportion of the costs of the other party. 3. If equity so requires, the Court may decide that an unsuccessful party is to pay only a proportion of the costs of the other party in addition to bearing his own, or even that he is not to be ordered to pay any. 4. The Court may order a party, even if successful, to pay some or all of the costs, if this appears justified by the conduct of that party, including before the proceedings were brought, especially if he has made the opposite party incur costs which the Court holds to be unreasonable or vexatious.

Article 122 Costs of interveners 1. Interested persons, which intervene or submit observations in the proceedings, shall bear their own costs. 2. The Court may order an intervener other than those mentioned in paragraph 1 to bear his own costs.

Article 123 Costs in the event of discontinuance or withdrawal 1. A party who discontinues or withdraws from proceedings shall be ordered to pay the costs if they have been applied for in the other party’s observations on the discontinuance. However, upon the request of the party who discontinues or withdraws from proceedings, the costs shall be borne by the other party if this appears justified by the conduct of that party. 2. Where the parties have come to an agreement on costs, the decision as to costs shall be in accordance with that agreement. 3. If costs are not claimed, the parties shall bear their own costs.

Article 124 Costs where a case does not proceed to judgment Where a case does not proceed to judgment, the costs shall be at the discretion of the Court.

Article 125 Costs of proceedings 1. Proceedings before the Court shall be free of charge, except that: (a) where a party has caused the Court to incur avoidable costs, the Court may order that party to refund them; (b) where copying or translation work is carried out at the request of a party, the costs shall, in so far as the Registrar considers them excessive, be paid for by that party on the Registry’s scale of charges referred to in Article 16(1). 2. Costs necessarily incurred by a party in enforcing a judgment or an order of the Court shall be refunded by the opposite party on the scale in force, or other legal methods in use, in the State where the enforcement takes place.

Article 126 Recoverable costs Without prejudice to the preceding Article, the following shall be regarded as recoverable costs: (a) sums payable to witnesses and experts under Article 66; (b) expenses necessarily incurred by the parties for the purpose of the proceedings, in particular the travel and subsistence expenses and the remuneration of agents, advisers or lawyers.

Article 127 Dispute concerning the costs to be recovered 1. If there is a dispute concerning the costs to be recovered, the Court shall, on application by the party concerned and after hearing the opposite party, make an order. 2. The parties may, for the purposes of enforcement, apply for an authenticated copy of the order.

Article 128 Procedure for payment 1. Sums due from the Court shall be paid in the currency of the country where the Court has its seat. 2. Where costs to be recovered have been incurred in a currency other than the euro or where the steps in respect of which payment is due were taken in a country of which the euro is not the currency, or where the costs to be recovered have been incurred in different currencies, the party concerned may elect the currency in which they are to be recovered. In all such cases, conversions of currency shall be made at the European Central Bank’s official rates of exchange on the day of payment. In exceptional circumstances, the Court may limit that right of election.

TITLE V

SPECIAL FORMS OF PROCEDURE

CHAPTER 1

Assignment to the judge-rapporteur

Article 129 Assignment to the Judge-Rapporteur 1. With the exception of applications referred to in Article 140, the requests and applications referred to in this Title and the request for rectification referred to in Article 87 shall be assigned to the Judge-Rapporteur who was responsible for the case to which the request or application relates. 2. If the Judge-Rapporteur is prevented from acting, the President shall assign the reques